Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/herballorgeneral00gera_2 GENE P A r T. Riltoric of Pkntes ° rrtff'P' j red h onn Ucrdrd r> L&ryCj■ London Jmstir iru> c 1J1 y<y^s & £i 6 [ al Ixmdjonl Nor ton. onn | IreVBft , f9‘t u lEJ i d Quot defcripta vides ( Adecoenas)nominaflorum > Me >etdJks ;.■}*.*£? tot tibi menteprecor. i HIS SiNGVLAR GOOD LORD A MASTER, SIR WILLIAM CECILL KNIGHT,, BARON of BurghIey,Mafter of the Court of warcfes and Liueries,Chan- ccllor of the Dniuerftie of Cambridge, Ifnight of the mod noble order of the ( farter, one of the Lords of hir dAfaieshes mod honorablepriuie Counfell, and Lord * High Treafurer of England. - o Mong the manifold creatures of God (right Honorable and my fingular good Lord ) that haue all in all ages diuerfly entertained many excellent wits, and drawen them to the contemplation of thediuine wifedomc, none haue prouoked mens Rudies more, or fatisfied their defires fo much,as plants haue done, and that vpon iuft and woorthie caufes : For if delight may prouoke mens labour, what greater delight is there than to beheld the earth apparelled with plants, as with a robe of imbroidcred worke,fet with orientpearles,and gar- nifhed with great diuerfitie of rare and coftly icwels ? If this varietie and perfection of colours may affeCt the eie, itisfuchin herbes and flowers, that no Apelles, no Zeuxis euer could by any artexpreffe the like : if odours, orif tade may worke iatisfaCtion, they are both fo foueraignein plants, andfo comfortable, thatnoconfe&ion of the Apothecaries can equall their excellent vertue. Butthefe delights are in the curw: cl fenfes: the principall delight is in the minde, fingularly enriched with the knowledge of thefevifiblethings, letting foorthto vs the inuifible wifedome and admirable work- manfhip of almightie God. The delight is great,but the vfe greater,and ipyjied often withneceffitie. Inthefirflagesof the world they were the ordinalieraeate of men,and haue continued euer finceof neceffarie vfe both for meates tomaintaihelfc, and for medicine to recouer health. The hidden vertue of them is fuch, that (as Plinie noteth) A % the fclin.lib. 5 . cap 27. Ibid.lib.12, cap. a. Plutac.de dilcr.adul. & amic. Plm.I.iJ. cap.i. The Spittle Dedieatorie. the very brute beafts haue found it out: and ( which is another vfe that he obSerueth) from thence the Diars tookethe beginning of their art. Furthermore, the neceSfarie vSc of thefe fruits of the earth doth plainly appeerc by the great charge and care of almoft all men in planting and maintaining of gar¬ dens, not as ornaments onely, but as a neceSfarie prouifron alfo to their houfes. And here befide thefruit,tolpcakeagaineinawordof delight5 gardens, especially fuchas your Honor hath,furnillied with many rare fimples,do Singularly delight,when in them a man doth behold a flourishing Shew of fommer beauties in the middeftof winters force,and a goodly Spring of flowers, when abroad a leafe is not to be Scene. BeSide theSe and other caufes, there are many examples of thoSe that haue honored this jfei- ence : for to pafle by a multitude of the Philosophers, it may pleafe your Honor to call to remembrance that whichyou lino we of fome noble Princes that haue ioyned this ftudiewith their moll: important matters of Slate : Mithridates the great was famous for his knowledge herein, as Plutarch noteth: Euax alfo king of Arabia, thehappie garden of the world for principal! fimples, wrote of this argument, as Plinie Sheweth: Diocletian might he haue his praife, had he not drowned all his honor in the blood of his persecution. To conclude this point, the example of Salomon is before the reft and greater, whofe wiSedomeand knowledge was Such, that he was able to Set out the natureof allplantes, from the higheft Cedar to theloweft Mofie. Burmy very good Lord, that which fometime was the ftudieof great Philofophers and mightie Princes, is now neg!eded,except it be of fome few,whoSe Spirit and wiSedome hath carried them among other partes of wifedome and counfell, to a care andftudie of Speciailherbes* both for the furniShing of their gardens, and the furtherance of their knowledge : amongwhome I mayiuftly affirmeandpublishyour Honortobeone, beingmyfelfe one of your fcruants,and a long time witneffe thereof: for v nder y our LordShip I haue ferued, and that way imployed my principall ftudie, and almoft all my time now by the Space of twenty yeeres. To the large and Angular furniture of this noble Hand, I haue addedfrom forren places all the varietieof herbesand flowers that I might any way obtaine, I haue laboured with the foilc to make it Sit for the plants, and with the plants to make them to delight in the Soilc, that So they might line and proSper vnder our climate, as in their natiue and proper countrie: what my Siiccefle hath bcenc, and what my furniture is, Ilcaucto the report of them that haue Seene your Lordfhips gardens, and the little plot ofmy Speciall care and husbandrie. But bicaufe gardens arepriuate, and many times finding an ignorant or a negligent fucceSTor,come foone to mine,there be that haue follicited me firft by rny pen, and after by the Prelfe, to make my labours common, and to free them from the danger whercunto a garden is Subied: wherein when I was ouercome, and had brought this hiftorie, or report of the natureof plants to a iuft volume, and had made it, as the Reader may by comparifon See, richer than former Herbals, I found it no queftion to whome I might dedicate my labours: for considering of your good Lordfhip, I found none of whole fauourand goodneifel might fooner prefume, feeing 1 haue found you euer my very good Lord and Mafter. Againe, considering my dutie and your Honors merits, to whom may I better recom¬ mend my labours than to him, to whome I owe my felfe, and all that I am able in any feruice The EpiHle Dedicatorie. leruice or deuotion to performe ? Therefore vnder hope of your Honorable and accu~ Homed fauour,I prelent this Herball to your Lordfhips prote&ion 3 not as an exquisite worke(for I know my meanneffe)but as the greateft gift and chiefefl: argument of dutie that my labour and fer uice can afFoord: whereof if there be no further fruit, yet this is of fome vfe,that I haue miniftred matter for riper wits,and men of deeper iudgement to polifh 3 and to adde to my large additions where any thing is dcfe&iue, that in time the worke may be perfed. Thus I humbly take my leaue,befeeching God to grant you yet manydaiesto liue to his glorie, to the fupport of this Hate vnder hir Maieftie our dread Soueraigne,and that with great increafe of honor in this world, and all fulnelfe of glorie in the world to come. Your Lordfhips moH humble and obedient feruant, IOHN GERARD. v LANCELOTVS BRVNIVS MEDICVS REGINEVS IOANNI -GERARDO CHIRVRGO peritifsimo,6c rei herbaria: callentiffimo S.D.P. Vm fingularum mcdicinas partium cognitio atque intclligcntia libero homine dignacenfendaeft; rum earum nulla vel antiquitate, vcl digni- tate, vel vtilitate, vel deniqueiucunditatc, cum ftirpium ccgnitionc iure comparari debet. Antiquiflimam earn efte exeo liquet, quod quum cxteise medicine partes (ficut reliquse etiam artes) ab ipfis hominibus (prout eosdura preflfit neceftitas) prirnum excogitate Sdnuenttefue- rimt: folaherbarum arborumque cognitio ante hominemformatum condita, eidemque mox creato ab ipfo mundi architedo donata videri poteft. Cuiustanta apud antiqua fecula exiftimatio ac dignitaserat, vt & ipfius inuentionem fapientiffimo Deorum Apollini veteres tribue- lint, ®esceleberrimi in ftirpium vifibus indagandis ftudiumlabo- rcmque fuuia confumere, fummefibi apud pofteros laudi honoriquc futurum cenfuerint. lam verb plantarum vtilitas, atque etiam neceflltas^adcb late patet,vt eius im - menfitatem nullius velacutifsimi hominis animus capere, nedum metis calamus expritncre quear. Stirpium enim complurime nobis in cibos, alimentumquc cedunt: innumere aduerfus morbos remedia fuppedirant: ex alijs domos,naues,inftrumenta tarn beilica quam rufticafabricamus: ali¬ quot etiam earum veftes noftris corporibus fubminiftrant. Inquibus fingulis receniendisdiutiiis perfiftere, hominis diet intempcranter abutcntis & otio & literis. Quantas autem, &quam varias voluptates exftirpium fine amoenitate oculiscapiamus, fine fragrantia naribus hauriamus, fine iummain earum conch'torem impictate inficiarinonpoflumus. Adcbvt abfque ftirpium opc& fiubfidio vita nobis ne vitalis quidem haberi debeat. Quinn igitur res plantaria rcliquis omnibus me die in a? partibus antiquitate antecedat,dignitatc nullicedar, vtilitate infuper obleddioneq; cereras longe fuperet, quisfuturus eft,adco, autinfen- fatusvt non exploratumhabeat, aut ingratusvt non ingenue agnofeat, quanta vniuerfis Anglis commoda, quantafque voluptates tuns mi Gerarde in ftirpium inueftigatione & cultu labor inde- feftiis,ftudium inexhauftum, immenfique fumptus hoc de ftirpibus edito libro allaturi fimr. Made itaqueifta tua virtute, iftoque de republica bene merendi ftudio, & quod infignitua cumlaude ingrdTuses virrutis glorieque curriculum, eidem infifteanimose&gnauiter, neque a re plantaria promouenda piius defifte, quam earn a read vmbilicum iamferme produdamipfe plene abfoluas atque perficias. Sic enim & tibi adhiic fupcrftiti gloriam paries immortalem,& poft obitum tantam tuinominis cclebritatem relinques, vttuarum laudum pofteros noftros nulla vnquamcapturaftt obliuio. Bene vale. Ex AulaRegineaWeftmonafterij,ipfis CalcndisDecemb. 15^7. B - * 'i I ! MATTHIAS DE L’OBEL IOANNI GERARDO felicitatem. Vttm Londinum appuli, injinn qauifksfim( G erarde amicifme) dum typogra- pho form is excudenda Riant arum collect me a tua commifa vidi, de quibm fimrnas, milk die per it nr as laudes Anglia tibi Kei herbaria familiam vni- nerjam, medicatr icis art is partem, antiquifmum, iucundifimwn dr vtilifii- mum fIndium, retegere cupido, debet. Frifcorum enim Theophraffi, Diofco - necdt^L ridisy Plinij dr Galeni fcripta, pafim toto or be peruulgata, tanquam fintes Neotericornm antem, ceu riuulos, Brnnfelfii, Fuchfii, Tragi, RuellfMatthioli, Dodonai, Turneri, Clufii , Dalefcampf Camerarq, Tabernamontani Pena, cognitive noHramd nouam methodnm dr ordinem, a Gramme dr notioribus ad T riti- cea,generatim dr fpeciatim, materno idiomater-Anglica genti tua cultifiimee, Reipnblica voluptabili commodo, recludis quo ip faflimulata, herb arum delitias dr hortorum fitauifimum dr amcenifimum cult urn ampleclet nr, maxim or urn lmperatornm. Re gum dr Heroum tamprif corum quam nuperornm exemplo. Tpec fat is hoc tibifnit’-, fed mult o magis in piper praflitisli, quo d copiam mult arum elegant ifimarum plantarum in i^Anglia fponte nafcentiumab alijs ha ffernes pratermiffarum, hisionam viuts Nat ura typis noffie 5 quippe qui din herbas indigenos, inquihnas dr peregrinas, cum nuperrim'e folo erumpentes drpululantes,turn adultasfmine ^ pragnantes, hortulotuofuburbanoaluifli drfouisti: Ex- affirm enim cognofcendarnm expgura ant facie fiuperfi ciaria herb arum fiudium generatim confifiit ( Diof cor ide tesle) infeqnenti dr afidua, temporisomnis, mfpeffione. Sc d alia eft interior is dr fib ft antiflis forma plantarum, qua oculis cerni non potefi, filers cognition quam etiam, quantum petes percunciando, feniorum Gracorum Medicorum more, apenreconaris. Solebant autem antiqus fiiorum Medicammum experiment a, in Republic a vtditatem, firiptis tabellis dare, quibus apudEphefios templifyluatica Diana parities veftiebantur. Compertum etiam eft Hippocratem difeendi cupidum, permultis region i bus pera- gratis, idemprajhtiffe, dr in methodnm commemorabiliorem resfituffe dr illuftrajfe. Melius enim eft Rei- publica quam nofir is commodisprofiicere. 2pon efi igitur quod huites inuidiofa procacis atatis conuiciatores male die i Zoili fcripta tuaobtreffent : dedifiienim gratis quod potuifii, catena do ffioribus iudieijs relin- q nens\exortiuis dr exotic is incompertarum pene adhuc virium mangonizatis dr lenociniys alleff is E tori fa- rum for ibm a Flora Dea m er et rice nob ili diffis, valetiidini dr vtilitatipotius conf dens, quam voluptati, •vale re inf is. Tfonnullifiquidem ex alijs lib ris herba rum tranfiriptores rapfidi, ignotisfibi viuisplant is ad medendnm maxim eneceffarus, afignant incertis , dub ns drfuppofititijsftirpibm autfimplicibmfacultates legit imifmplicis medicaments, ma ximo err ore drfummapericlitatione( vnuenimfepcfimplex compofitio- nem inept am rcdditperuertit aut deprauat jquibm nec tuto nec ternere crcdendim:, multo f etia minus nnil- tis herb arum experimentisfa lla cibus , quibus etiam neque nif, not if mis m or bisfimplicibus.compoftis dr im¬ plicate, eorumdemffauifimis fimptomatibus, <vtcndum,ne inepoytunus ea rum vfusfapius venerium quam remediumft. Cummo emm agrotantium difpendio dr excreitatifimorum Medicorum t<ediopericlitatores Pneffigiofis procaces, contempt is dr negleffisartis infiitutionibm, Hippocratis dr Galemprxceptis,per falutis dfcri-nTdfffi. mina dr horninumfir ages medent urn tent ament a agunt. Omitto, breuitatis ergo, vulgi opiffbes, textores delc'-i. / ellularios, for didifimo >- fabros, interpolatores, circulatores forenfies dr veteratoresfiuticadignes,quipro- ffi fy fefionibus & mechanicis artibusfinis f aftiditis feelerato infanix lucrofc Medicos Theophrafieos quern vix F l:ll[rus vnquam fnmmis labris deguflarunt profitentur .ffon inuenufte. Syluius in huiufmodi homines inuehit, dim ait, Qnam quifquenouit artem^hanc exerceat vnarn 3 atqise excolat, &totus in ea verfeti’r, &c. Et lo ^ fub finem prafationis rtufts ait, Faxit Deus vt quifque quam exercet anem 5 perne(cat 5 & Medic Us rand!^ ^ nihil eorum qua; ad morbos cito & tuto curandos vtilia vel llecefieriaefleconfueuerunt^ignoret. Praeualet Medicus vbi Pharmacopoei fidesfulpedaeft^ quiiplefimplicia&compofitapernofcit; imoquam infamise notam imprudens inurit, dumignarushorum (implicium medicamentorum, tanquam abnus quidam ad omnia Pharmacopoei rogata^auribus mods, velut annuit :quid quod illi fsepeetiam volensPharmacopceusilludit. AbfiirdiffimuseftacfeperidiculusquiMedicinamfacit, harum rerum ignarus 5 &Pharmacopoeo ignorantise fufpe&um merito fe reddit. Plura fi vis require apud apiid Syluiurn, ibf cm loci. Medico qnamplurima perfcrutanda, vtfatls fuperque adartent'medicatricem perdifcendam y arm os pantos haudquaquamfufficere , teflantur ipfius expcrientijjimi & Diuini fenis verba, Demo* i* d inquit j Ego enim adfinem Medicine: non pcrucni, etiamftf n fcncx fim. Et Jratimper initio, mm. Aphorifmorum vitam breuem Jr artem longampronunciauit. Quomodo ergo tuto medebuntur mnltilar - Hati Medici ant Medicaflri tarn repent} creati,nulla Medicinaparte, Medicamentorumvcfacultatibus perfpetlis ? Hviujmodi aduUtores,a(fentatores, dubitatoresjri^at&resjericlitatores dr Gnathonicospara- fijlratos hiflrionibus am in tragcedqs introducuntur fimiUmosfmt Hippocrates. Quemadmodurn enim illi ( inquit) figuramquidem & habitum ac perfonam eorum quos rcferunt habent, iili ipfi aurem lumtideri' vere non Hint: Sic & Medici fama quidem & nomine multi,* re autem & opere vald£ pauci. Jtaque qum effe. c q fn paulb ante Medicimm omnium art mm praclarifumam e(fe dixerit : Veium propter ignorantiain eorum qui earnexercent 3 & ob vulgi ruditatem,qui tales pro Medicis iudicat & habet;iam co res de- ueniffe, vt omnium artium iongeviliffimacenfcatur. At verb hoc peccatumobhancpotifiimuni caufam committi vidctur5 foli namque Medicine nulla poena in rebus publicis ftatuta eft, praster- quam ignominise. 7 Je animam dr famam Lederet, ant illi infignis ignominia inureretur ob huiujinodi ard.ua dr noxia difcrimina, bonus Hie dr Jjncems Bodonaus (quamuis mult as herbas ex alps dr Fuchjio tranfc ripferit, cuius met ho do vfus eft, quern q, inchoauerat, vt ipfewet mihi retui it, vernacula Germanic a inferiori lingua vert ere) vulgatijsimis, notifsimis ijff pane is ex tot herb arum millibus , oguinopuagenis aut feptuagenis her bis quibus vtebatur, pot ms content usfuit, quam inmmeris fibi ignotispericlitari: melius enim omnino medicamento carere.abjlincre, dr nat nr a commit t ere,qua m abuti. Vtinam huius no fir a atatis quamp lures aufo pot iti, medicinam faBitantes, eoJludio , candore cr voto mederentur : Illis id for/it an ne~ quaquam eneniret , quod philofophis (Hippocrate defunclo) difeipulis fuis inexpert is dr parum adhuc exer- citatis medendo, id ejl necando (vt memories traditumefl) contingit: Qnamobrem ars Medica vAthenis, Roma dr per vniuerfam Graciam centum drfeptuaginta annis, inter diet a dr exulfuit. Merito igitur cant e dr tut e agendum ; Opiatis dr Diagrediatis, Colocynthide , Tithymalis, Efula, Lathy ride, Mercurio, Stibio, dr Jimihbus molest iflmus fimplicibus am cant ion e vtendum: cptimis ducibus dr experientifiimis fenioribus praceptoribus aiharendum, quorum fub vex illis jidifime dr tutijsime rara dr praclara, ob barbariem fere extintfa 7 patrum dr auorum remedia , maximo dr priflino art is ornawento dr proximi vtilitate renouantur , dr in vfum reuocantnr ; negleclis,fprctis, dr exclufis Empiric is verbofis, imidiofis , fufpenfs,a m bagiofis dr exitiofis 0pinionibus,qmbus Mundus immundus regitur dr labitur j qui cum decipi velit,decipiatnr s in cuius fallaciasperappofite frnxit dreecinit olimhos verficulos eruditifumuscollega T >. Iacobus Paradifius nob ills Gandauenfis allndens ad nomen t anti verfutij&mi herois IJoJlradami Salo* menfis Gallo-promncia , \ 2 poJlra-damus, cum verba damns , quiafallerenoflrum 5 Etcum verba damus, nil nifi Noflra -damns . Vale. LondiniipfisCakndisDecembris 15^7, / IN GERARDI Botanologiaii <pepaw{u> v. V Lt'tmu* ecce Gerardus: at edit an optima* herb a* f Quid ni ? non not os fed dedtt tile non as . Ergo ne inuideas, videos cum nomen & omen pK7 zKo-ys, mi rum est ardua quanta gerit, Oi/Tis rtWTfc, Y&TaS\<t } 7TV^Cf.VTCi!, Ti tAo^UIX t ;ia5s : Sic liber eft promos con dm vt hortm erat. Et calum[olim£ fubegit: ray a^cf. St can wot dp/uS^ov 4j7 ANTONIVS HVNTONVS Medicine candidate aAdfobannem (jerardum Chirurgum Herbarium(j ? peritifiimum. N Vlla oculos hominum Ipecies magis allicit ilia, Quam praeftante manu duxit gencrofus Apelles; Nulla aures animofq; magis facundia, quam quae Se fufam loquitur Ciceronis ab ore diferti: H<rceadem hunclibrum commendatcaufa Gerarde, Cui pro laude fads tali natum cffe parente, Artifices cui inter dextras pro numine, nomen Nobilius reliquis heibae,plantaeq; magiftris. Illi etenim Europe fuccos, Afia?q; liquores Quaeque arente folo fitiens parit Africa, tradant i Tu vcterum inuentis noua confuis omnia, fi qua Indus vterque dedit nollram fotura falutem, Siue aliunde vehit noftras mercator ad oras. Hoc ipfo vtilius. Quia qu^e fiint credita (criptis. Ilia manu expertus medico,& bene diucs ab horto Explorata diu multumq; emittis in auras Qu£ curent hominum languentia corpora, multi Prsefiiantesq- viri docuere fideliter artcm. Sed fi fuftuleris plantas, quern vei baiuuabunt Sicanimo ficfronteminax. In praelia miles Profilit, at ftrido cedit vidoria ferro. Quse tibi pro tanto cedit vidoria ferro Premia perfoluet, Myrtilauriq; coronas ? Iftam nouit edax mercedem abolcre vetuftas, At tibi pro ftudio impenfilq* laboribus iftis, Queis hominum curas fartam tedbamq; falutem, Illc opifex rerum, cuftosq- authorq- falutis iEterna ftatuit frontem rcdimire corona. G. Launaus OWediets*. B i In hiftoriam plantarum Io.Cjerdrdi ciuis & Chirurgi LondinenJis^SKTl^cobi lohnftonij Scoti Ballincrife Regij pagi portionarij Epigramma . FA Efinequte vaftis pomariamontibus Adas ^ Claufcrat (Hefpcrij munera rara foli) Auratis folijs auratos define ramos Mirari, & ramis pendula p©ma fuis. Singula cum Domino periere 3 & Gorgone vifo In montis riguit vifcera verfus Atlas. AlcinoiperijtquijCedatpenfilishortus^ Quemcelcbratprifcitcmporis aurafugax: Vna Gerardinifpecies durabilis horti Aeterno famae marmore fculpta manet. Hie quicquid Zephyrus produxit^ quicquid & Eurus 3 Antiquus quicquid & nouns orbis habet, Intulitinpatriam naturamq; exprimit arte : Sic nullo cedit terra Britanna folo. Quod magis eft Graium & Latium concludit in vno Margined Anglorumiamfacit ore loqui: Sicerit anernum hinc vtviuas horte Gerardi 3 Gultoris ftudio nobilitate tui. fn Elantarum hiftoriam Jfolertiftimo YiroftReiq^ Herbaria peritiffimo, D.Ioanne Gerardo > Anglice editam Epigramma. "C 1 Gyegiam cert} laudcm,decus immortale refertis 7 u, (oc ip y { tut, magnum & memorabile nomen (Illustrii D EF O RAX) raptor thus orbis 1 BE RIS Beu.clis claffe of 7^ G LO RF M\ Tu% (Dicafta Maxime EG E RT O N E)vcterem fuperws R ha damn nt hum , HE ROVM merito >1 uiU£ v cenfendusinalbo . Nec lam vefira minor (facra piet at is alumni) Qua mentes hominum diuinapa fit is efca. O/natis Patriam cunBli, nomen ^ Britannum Augetis, vobiig { viam munitis adajlra,, Quinagitej & in partemJaltempermittee honoris Phcebei vent ant Fates, quipeHere gnart Agmina morborum, human a infidiantia vita . Huiw & in gent es,ferenafront e labor es A N G L O-DIO SC O R1DIS, Patria, vefira^ fainti Excipite exhaulios .* paulum hue diuort item HO RT OS Qu?s C H O R T EIA colit, quos Flora exornat,& omnes Tpjiiades, dr Dryades, charites, Nymphag, Britanna. Corporibm hie gratafalm, anirniu^ volv.pt as. Hie laxate ammos : HA BIT A FIT NFMEN IN HORT/S. Fran. Hering Med. D. Thomas Thomas <7S( 'ewtonus , C eft reftiy rius,D ,fo . Cjcrardo } amiconon vulgari. S. P OH tot ah ingenuis confer ipt a volumina my Hu, Herb drum vires qui refer are docent, Tu tandem prodis Spart am ^ hanc gnauttcr or nos, Dum rehquu palm am praripu/Jfefades. Nee facts hoc, rutilo vtpofis ditarier auro, Nec tibi vt a ccrefcat grandis acerum opum ; Sedprodejfe volcns, vefitosgramine colies Pcrlufras , & agros frondifertmf nemos. In decy P *onuis (apis inftar) colhgis her bos, In % tuumfir pcs conger is alueolum. Mille ttbi [pecks plantar umpi Me f nota ; Hortulus indicio eft, quem colis ipfe domi. P amp in e a vites yedolens cedrus, innub a law ms, 7[ota tibi, not a ef pinguisolim tibi. Balfama, nareyffus , rhododaphne, nardus, amomum, Salnia, dittamnus,galbana,nota tibi. Ouidmultis ? radix, ftrpsfos, cum cortice ramus, Spica cj ? cum flapis eft bene not a tibi. G rat ulor ergo tibi, cunctisf (Gerarde) Bntannis, Njtmptwtcof tuogratulor , atque meo. Nam Cefirejbyrij te ac megenuere parenles, Tu meliore tamenfydere natus eras. Matte animo,pergasf preccr, cceptamyfaborem Vrgeetiamvltenus. kiuitur ingenio. iwiurum habeant alj,gemmas, mttdosf pyropos. Plant as tu dr foresfenbe Gerarde . kale. Verb Sc ex animo tuus, 'Thomas Newton, Ilfordenfis UgpQtLVW. Thomas Thorney M after in Chirurgerie, to his learned friend and louing brother in Art, M.fohn Cjerard. O Ft haiie I heard,and oft haue read In bookes of learned lore. That Man, the name of Little world. Or Microcofmos bore. And rightly hire; whole minde doth range The circled world about. Whole head (a little Globe) conceiues Each worldly thing throughout. As this in all,fo now in thee. This thing appeereth trevv By Ipeciall note (fweete Gerard) hcerc In this thine Herball new. B 2 Wherein Wherein (as in a glafie) we fee How thou thy minde haft bent, Thy bodie toyld,thy time beftowde, And many a pound haft fpent. In fleepeleffe nights,in reftleffe daies. In places far andneerc, Infearchingthis,in trying that. In countries here and there* Preferring ftillthe common good, Negle&ing (till thine owne. And art content that we fhall reape The feede which thou haft fownc. No priuate hindrance, lofle nor paine Could daunt thy harts defire To profit others: which thou tak'ft For thy fufficient hire. Diftharg’d heerinthou truly haft A right good Chriftian parr. In bringing foorth to publike good This treafure of thine art : Not bungled,botched,hackt and hewde. Nor pend in childifh guile. But fquar’d by skill,and tride by proofe, In iudgement of the wife. Of fimpleshere we do behold Within our Englifh ibyle. More ftore than ere afore we did, Through this thy learned toyle : And each thing fo methodical!. So aptly coucht in place. As I much mufe, how fuch a worke Could fram’de be in fuch fpace. For in well viewing of the fame We neede not far to rome. But may behold dame Natures ftore By fitting ftill at home. We fee here a perpetuall fpring, A gallant flowring May, Which month is painter of the world. As feme great Clerks do lay. Reioice in God (good Gerard) ftill. Who thus hath lent thee ftrength. And eke infpirde thee with fuch grace. To end this worke at length: And doubt not but herein thou haft Both pleafed God and man: Happie art thou in doing this, Happie when thou began. commendation of Af.Iohn Gerard for his diligence in Jimpling , by JVJVGerman, G Aze they that lift vpon the loftie skies, As rapt with Iunoes painted peacocks traine When in the aire fhe vaunts hir Argus eies. And dips hir bowe in partie-colourde raine, How firft fhe lpredes,then wraps it vp againe: Heauens azure curtaine let whole will behold, Bedafht with aglets and with Ipangs of gold. My friend likes not to mount aboue his reach, Or meddle there where diftancc maketh dout: High things arehard to learne and bad to teach. And no lefte dangerous to go about: The funne we fee puts oft the eiefight out, And vpright gazers minding not their feete, Stumbling do lay their length vpon the ftrectc. Alo vvly courfe more fitter for his Iooke Doth pleale him better,than thefe loftie fhowes: The fruitfull earth he makes his daily booke. And turnes fuch leauesas all his (enfes knowes: He marks the fertill ground whereon he goes, And viewes the plentie of our mother Earth, Which yeelds fupplie againft dileafe and dearth. Our mother Earth pofieft with womans pride, Pcrceiuing Gerard co be beauties iudge, And that hir treafure is not vnelpide, Of hir faire flowring brats fhe is no fnudge: But here and there where Gerardloucs to trudge, Hir verdant mantle fpreading round about. She boafts the pleafance of hir goodly rout. They all take Gerard for chiefe friend of theirs. To whom they frame a garland for a figne Of that pure loue,which each to other beares $ O let the red Rofe and the Eglantine Vouchfafe their prefence in his garland twine: Let thofe faire flowers of our Englifh field, Vnwitherde long their fragrant odours yeeld. B 3 To 7 the well affedted Reader and peruier of this booke, St. c Bredwell c PhiJition > gro uing. Plin.Iuu. caf; in pan. ^ ' ^ Penis *l je campe of glorie and honor for all men, faith the yoonger Plinie : net on e!y 'fZ men of great birth and dignttie, or men of office endewedwith pub like charge and ' titles, feene therein, and haite the garland ofpyaife and preferment waiting to | ferowne their merits’, but euen the common foldier likewife: jo as he,whofe name and noble. Thefchooleof fcience keepeth femblable proportion: whefi amplitude y as not f'c-Ralwaies, mr only, men of great titles and deqrees , labour to tlluHrate-, Jo whofoiuer ' doth,may confidently account of, at the leall his name to be immortall. What is he then that will cienie his voice of gracious commendation , to the authors of this booke : to euerie one (no doubt) t . in ern? there ** due a condfine meafure. T hefir Hgatherers out of the Ancients , and augment or s by their owne Dodormis^ paiaes, haue alreadie fbread the odour of their good names, through all the lands of learned habitations. L’obeiius, D . Pried:, for his tranflat ion of (o much as Dodonacus, hath hereby left a tombe for his honorable fepul - montanus. ture. Mailer Gerard comming lali, but not the leafl, hath many waits accommodated the whole worke vnto our Enphfhnation: for this ’fuller it of plants as it is richly replenfied by thofefine mens labours laid togither,fo yet could it full ill bme wanted that new acccfion he hath made vnto it. Many things hath he nourished in his garden, and obferned in our Englifh fields s, that neuer came into their pens to write of. eMgaine, the greatell number of thefe plants , hailing neuer beene written of in the Er.glfi toong, would haue wanted names for the vulgar fort to call them by : in which dfiecl, he hath beene curt- ofily care filth, touching both old and new names to make (upp lie. s^JndleaH the Reader fould too often lan puifh with fruitate defire, to fin.de fomeplant he readeth, ofrarevertue, he ffareth not to tell(if him- felfe haue feene it in England)in what vvoodpaflure or ditch thefame may befeene andgat her edJ Vhich when 1 thinke of and t her ewithdl remember, with what cheer e full alien tie, and refolutc attendance he hath many ye eyes tilde this ground,, and now brought foorth thefruit of it, whether I fhould more commend his great diligence to att awe this skill, or his la rge beneuolcnce in bestov vtng it on his count rie, I cannot eafly determine. T his bookebirth thus broughtfoorth by G e rard, as it is informe and diff option faireandcomly,euery fpecies being yeferredto his likeliest genus, of vvhofefiockc it came: fo is it accom¬ pli fed with fur pafing varietie, tofuck fireadrnggro wth ffr flrength of euerie lim/is that it mayfeme fome heroic allimpe of illuflriom race,able to draw the eies and ex: eolation ofeuery man vnto it, Som what rare it will be he ere for a man to moouea queficn oft - is nature, and depart again e without fome good faiis fact ion, Man fold will be the vfe both to the R hi ft ion and others : for euerie man delight eth in «p T' 5 ' knowledge naturally, vvhich(ns Ari (loti e find) is in pr offer it le an or no. merit, in aduerfiti ‘ a refuge . But this booke a bone many others will Jute with the mo si, bicaufe it both plentioufly mini fir eth knowledge , which is the foode of th e minde 5 anddeth it alfovvith a familiar andpleafingtafie to euerie'capacitic , Now,as this commoditie is communicated to all and manyfhallreceiue muchfuit thereof fo 1 vv.fi fome iuuena], ma y J. UU cthe minde to returns a benefit e againe 5 that ■, t mi fit not be true in a ft hat luuenal faith fici re volunr orhuCs,mercedem foltiere nemo : that is, All ddirc to kno\ve,none to yeeld reward. Let men thinke,thatthe perfection of this knowledge is the high aduamement of the health of man : that pe fe¬ ci ion is net to be attained Jut byfir ong endeuour : neither can fir eng endeuour be accomplfied, without fee maintenance. 7 his ’ nth not he, who is forced to labour for his daily bread : but if he vvhofrom the fort bowers of his daily and neccffarie trauell,fieahng (as it were ) fome, for thepublike behoof. e, and fetting at length thofepeeees together, can bring foorthfo comely a garment as this , me etc to couer or put away the ignorance of many: what may Le thought he vvould doffpubhke maintenance did fee him from t hatpriuate care and vmte his t ’ oughts to, be wholy intent to thegenerallgood. O Reader,if filch men ns this flick not to rob tbexnfe lues offitch wealth as thouhafi to inrtch thee, with that fibflance thou vvantefi , detract not toffs are out of thine abundance to merit and encourage their paines •. that fofiuxible Cicoffic.t. riches,and permanentfcience s, may the one become a prop vnto the other. Although y,raife andrevvarde ^ ioinedas companions to fiuitfu/l endeuours,are(in part)defired of all men, that vndertake Ioffes, labours, comm, in or danger sfor the pubhke behoof eft catfe they addefine we s (us it were) vnto reafon, and able hirmore 11 ' L and more to refine hirfeife: yet do they not imbrc.ee that honor in reffecl of itfelfe, nor in rejfeclofthcfe that 7-Sac. that confer re it vpon them, hut as hatting thereby an argument in them felr.es , that there is fme i themvvoorthie estimation amongmen: which then doubleth their ail / me to dfirue it moreabi.r- dantly. admirable andfor the imitation ofi Princes,was that act of hlcy.2V.de\\whofitting Anl .otic . to compile commentaries of the brute creatures, allowed him for the better performance thereof, certains thoufands of men , in all Aft a and G recce, mof skilfullobf enters offuch things, to giue him information tou- ching allbeaHsjfifhesfoulesJerpents andjlies. What came of it ? bookc written, wherein all learned men in all ages fnce do exercife themfeluesprincipally, for the / nowledge of the creatures. Great is the number of thofe that of their ovvnepriuate, haue laboured in the fame matter, from hu age clovvne to cur prefent time, which all d.o not in corner if on fat is fie vs. Whereas if in thofe enfuing ages there had r/fin (l ill new Alexanders, there (certainly) world not have wanted Ariilotle s tohauemadethe evidence of thofe things a hundredfold more c leered unto vs, than now they be. Whereby yon may p ere cine the vne quail effects that follow thofe vnfutable caufcs of publike and priuate maintenances vnto labours and ftudies. Now that lmight not deffaire in this my exhortation , ifee feme examples of this munificence in¬ cur age,to giue me comfort : Ferdinand the Emperor and Cofinus Medices Prtnceof Ti f cane are herein Cr _ :lus in regif red for furthering this fcience of plants,infollowing of it them flues and becomming skilfull therein: rcpr'ftudlj which courfe oftheirs could not be holden, without thef reporting and advancing of fit ch as werefiudi- om to excell in this kinde. Beiiomus likewife (whomfor honors catfe I name ) amanof hi gh attempts v.-urm. * in naturallfcience,greatly extolleth his kings liberalise, which endowed him with fee leijitre to follow cuf!‘ r ob£ the fludie of plants, fee on dedal fo herein by Montmorencie the Con fable, the Cardinals Cafnl.on and Lorraine,w/Y/; Qhuerius the chancellor-, by vvhoje meaneshe was enahUdtoperforme thefi his notable peregrinations in Italic, AfiicaandWfia : the fvveete fait whereof as we haue recoined fometAjfe by his obferuationsfo wefhould plentionfy haue beene filled with, if violent death by mofi ac cur fed rob¬ bers fad not cut him off Wnd as l finde thefe examples of comfort tnforren nations fo vve are(I conffife) much to be thankful! to God for the experience vve haue of the like things at home. jf(neuertheleffe) vnto that rhificke lecture latelyfo well ere die dynen who haue this war Ides goodes (bad hat c harts alfo of that fir it, to adds feme ingenious labourer in the skill of fpnples they frail mightily augment and ado me the Whole fcience ofPhifcke . But if to that likewife they ioyne a third, namely the art of Chimicallprepara¬ tion ^ that out of tho f good creatures, which God hath giuenman for his health, pure fab stances may be procuredfor thofe that be ficke :(. if care not to fa y it though 1fee how Moimi s fcorneth ) this prefent gene¬ ration would purchaf more to the perfection of Phi ficke, than all the generations pall fnce Gaiens time haue done: that 1 fay, nothing of this one fruit that would grovve thereof to wit, the difeouerin? and abolfiring of thefe pernicious impostures and (ophillicat ions, which mount promt fng Paracelfians every where obtrude, through want of a true and con fi ant light among!! vs to difeerne them by. In which behalfi, remembring that mourn fullfieechofgrave Hippocrates ; The arc of Phifickc truly excelleth h tp-^ allarts, howbeir, through the ignorance partly or thole that cxercileir, and partly of thole that judge rafhly of Phificions ,it is accounted of all arts the mod inferiour: jfay m like manner, the art of chimifrie is in itfelfe the mo ft noble infl'rument of naturall knowledges ; but through the ignorance and impietse,partly of thofe that mofi audacioufiy profeffe it without sk ll and partly ofi them that impudently condemns that they knovve not,it is of a ll others mo ft ba fly defbifed andfiornfully ye effed. cN p rineipall ' - remedie to remooue fuch contumelious difgrace from th fie t wo pure virgins ofonefiocke andl. nage, is this that I haue now infinuated, even by ere Bing the laboratory ofi an mdufiriom chimijl, by the fvveete. garden offour ijhing frnples. T he P hi ficke reader by their meanes, fall not onely comefurn fed with authorities of the Ancients , and fin file probabilities for that he teacheth, but with real! demon fra tions alfo in many things, which the reafonofi man, without the light of the forne.ee, would never haue rea¬ ched vnto. I haue vttered my harts defire,for p t omotingfirfi the perfection of my pro fief ton, and next byneceffarie confequcncejhe hmlthie hues of men. if God open mens harts to provide for the former, it cannot be, but that the hippie finite s (bill be feene in the Utter. Let the ingenious learned nidge whether I ha ue reafon on my , O o J / fide ; the parti ad addicted feet I fhun, ns men that never means good to pofireritie. George George Baker, one ofhir Maiefties chiefe Chirurgions in ordinarie,and Al.ofthe Chirurgions of thecitie of Londonjo the dreader . Rootle a Prince araongftthePhilofophers, writing in his Metaphy- ficksof the nature of mankinde, faith, that man is naturally inclined anddefirous offcience. The which fentence doth teach vs, that all creatures (being vertuouflv giuen)do ftriue to perfection,and drawe neere in what he can to the Creator, and this knowledge is one of the principal parts which doth concerne the perfection of vnderftanding: for of the fame doth follow, that all fuch are generally inclined to knowe the mearies by the which he may conferue his life,health,and reputation. And although it be necefTarie for man to learneand knowe all fciences, yetneuertheleflethe knowledge of naturall philofophie ought to be preferred, as being the moft necefTarie j and moreouer,itdoth bring with it a fingular pleafure and contentment.The firft inuentors of this knowledge was Chiron Centaure of great renowme, Tonne to Saturne and Phillyre: and others fay that it wasinuentedof Apollo, and others of Efculape his Tonne ; edeeming that To excellent a fcience could neuer proceede but from the gods immortal], and that it was impoffible for man to findeout the nature of plants, if the great worker which is Go,d,had not firfl inftru&ed andtaughtthem.For,as Plinie faith,if any thinke thatthefe things hauebeene inuented by man, he is vngratcfull for the works of God. I he firft that we can learne of amongfi the Greekes thathaue diligently written of hcrbes,haue beeneOrpheus, Mufee and Hefiode, hauing bcene taught by the Egyptians^ then Pythagoras of great renowme for his wiftdome, which did write bookes of the nature of plants,and did acknowledge to learne the fame from Apollo and Efculape. Demo- critealfo did compofe bookes of plants, hauing frit trauellcdouer all Perfia, Arabia, Ethiopia and Egypt. Many other excellent fpirits haue taken great pleafure in this fcience, which to accompliili hauc hazarded their Hues in palling many vnknowen regions, to learne the true knowledge of Elleborus, and other medicaments, of which number were Hippocrates, Crateua, Ariftotle, The op h raft, Diodes, Cariftier,Pam- philiis,Montius,Hierophile, Diofcorides,Galen,Plinie, and many others,which I leaue to name, fearing to be too long. And if 1 may fp^ake without partialitie of the author of this booke,for his great paines, his no lefle expences in trauelling far and neere (for the attaining of his skill) was neuer contented with the knowledge of thofe funnies which grow in theft parts,but vpon his proper coft and charges hath had out ofal parts of the world all the rare fimples which by any meanes he could attaine vnto, notonely to haue them brought, but hath procured by his excellent knowledge to haue them growing in his garden,which as the time of the yeere doth ftrue may be ften: for there (hall you fee all manner of ftrangc trees,herbes,rootes,plants, flowers, and other fuch rare things, that it would make a man woonder, how one of his degree, not hauing the purfe of a number,could euer accompliili the fame. I proteft vpon my confcience,! do notthinke for the kno wledge of plants, that he is inferior to any: for I did once fee him tried with one of the beft ftrangers that euer came into England, and was accounted in Parife Parifc the onely man,being recommended to me by that famous man M. Amb.Pareus, and he being here was defirous to go abroad with Tome of our herbarids,for the which I was the meane to bring them togither 5 and one whole day we fpent therein, fcarching the rnoft rareft fimples: but when it came to the triall,my French man did not know one to his fower. What doth this man deferue that hath taken fo much paines for his coun- trie, in fetting out a booke that to this dayneuerany in what language foeuer did the like ? Firftfor correcting their faults in fo many hundred places being falfly named,mifi taken the one for the other3 and then the pi&ures of a great number of plants now newly cut. If this man had taken this paines inltalie and Germanie where Mathiolus did write,he fhould haue fped as well as he did: For(faith he)I had fo great a defire euer tofinilh my booke, that I neuer regarded any thing inrefpeCt of the publike good, not fo much as to thinke how I fhould finilh fo great a charge, which I had neuer cjefried out, butthatbyGods dirringvp the Emperor Ferdinando of famous memorie, and the excellent Princes had not holpen me with great fiimmes of money,fo that the Com¬ mon wealth may fay, that this bleffing doth rather proceedeof them than from me. There haue beene alfo other Princes of Almaine, which haue beene liberal! in the pre¬ ferring of this booke 3 and the mod excellent Eledor of the Empire the Duke of Saxo- nie, which fent me his podewith much money toward my charges. Theliberalitieof the which, and the magnificence towards me, I cannot commend diffidently. They which followed in their liberalitie were the excellent Frederic ke Count Palatine of the Rhine, and the excellent Ioachim Marques of Brandeberg, which much fuppliedmy wants 5 and the like did the reuerend Cardinall and Prince of Trent, and the excellent Archbifhop of Saltzperg, the excellent Duke of Bauare, and the Duke of Cleues,the Duke Megapolencis Prince of Vandalis,the date Republike of Noremberg 3 the libe¬ ralitie of whom ought to be celebrated for euer: and it doth much reioice me that I had the helpe and reward of Emperors,Kings,Eledors of the Romane Empire, Archdukes, Cardinals,Bifhops, Dukes and Princes 3 for it giueth more credite to our labours than any thing that can be faid. Thus far Mathiolus his owne writing of the liberalitie of Princes towards him. What age do w e liue in here,that will fuffer all vertue to go vnre- warded ? Mader G erard hath taken more paines than euer Mathiolus did in his Com¬ mentaries,and hath corre&ed a number of faults that he paded ouer,and I dare affirme in reuerence be it fpoken of that excellent man,that Mader Gerard doth knowe a great number of fimples that were not knoweninhistime: and yet I doubt whether he fiiall tade of the liberalitie of either Prince,D uke,Earle,Bifhop,or publike edate. Let a man excell neuer fo much in any excellent knowledge, and he is not fo much regarded as a ieder, a boader, a quackialuer or mountebanke : forfuch kindeof men can flatter, diflemble, make of trifles great matters, in praifing of this rare fecret, or that excellent fpirit, or this Elixer or quinteflence 3 which when it fhall come to the triall, nothing lhall be found but boading wordes. Vale. 7*0 the courteous and well'Wiiling EReaders. 4 Lthough my paines haue not been (pent (courteous Reader)in the gracious dif^ouerie of golden mynes, nor in the tracing after bluer vaines, whereby my natiue countrie might beinriched, withfuch marchandize as it hath mod in requeftand admiration : yet hath my l3bour(I rrufq) beer.e other- wife profitablyimployed, in defcryingof fuch harmlelfe treasure of herbes, trees and plants, as the earth frankly without violence offcreth vnto our moil neceffarie vies. Harmeleffel call them,bicaufe they were fuch delights, as man in the perfect eft efiate of his innocencie did earft enioy : and trea- fure I may well termethem, feeing both Kings and Princes haue efteemed them as Iewels; fith wife men haue made their whole life as a pilgriinage,to attaine to the knowledge of them. By the which they haue gained the harts of atL and opened the mouthes of many, in commendation of thoferare vertues, which are contained in theie terreftriall creatures. I confeffe blin dePhito is now adaies more fought after, than qu-icke Sighted Phoebus ,and yet this duftie mettall,or excrement of the earth (which was firft deeply buried,ieaft it Should be an eiefore to greeue the corrupt hart of man) by forcible entrie made into the bowels of the earth, is rather (hatched at of man to his owne deftru&ion, than diredtly fenc of God, to the comfort of this life. And yet behold in the comparing of this worldlie droffe, what care, whatcoft, whataduentures, what myfticall proores, andchymicall trials are fee abroach; when as notwithstanding the chiefeftendisbut vneertaine wealth. Contrarywife, in the expert knowledge of Herbes, what p.leafures ftiil renewed with varietie ? w hat fmall expenfe ? what fecuritie ? and yet what an apt and ordinarie meanes to conduct man tothatmoft defired benefitof health ? Whichas I deuonrly wifii vnto my natiue Countrie, and to the careful! nourfing Mother of the fame; fohauing bent mylabours to the benefiting of fuchasarefludi- oufly pradifed in the conferuation thereof, I thought it a chiefe point of my dutie, thus out of my poore {lore, to offer vp thefe my far fetched experiments, togither with mine owne countries vnknowen treafure, combined in this compendious Herball (not vnprofitable,though vnpolifned) vnto your wife conftrudions and courteous confiderations. The drift whereof is a readieintrodu&ion to that excellent Art of Simpling, which is neither fo bafe nor contemptible, as (perhaps)che English name mayfeemeto intimate; but fuch is it,as altogether hath been a ftudie for the wife ft, an exercife for the nobleft,a paftime for the heft. From vv hence there Spring flowers, not onely to adorne the garlands of the Mufes, to decke the bofoms of the beautiful!, to paint the gardens of the curious, to garnfththe glorious crownes of Kings; but alfo fuch fruit as learned Diofcorides long trauelled for; and princely (JWithridaiesrcfevued as precious in hisowne priuate clofet: dCithridates I meane,better knowen by his foueraigne Mithridate, than by his fometimefpeaking two and twencie languages,But what this famous Prince did by tradition, Ettax King of the Arabians did deliuer in a difeourfe written of the vertues of Herbes, and dedicated Vnto the Emperour Nero. Eueriegreene Herbarift can make mention of the herb zLyfimachia, whofe vertues were found out by King Lyfifyachus, and his vertues no leffe eternized in the felfefame plant chan the name of Phydias, queintly beaten into the Shield of Pallas, or the firft letters of <tAtax or 'Hyacmthxs (whether you pleafe)regiftred in that beloued Rower of Apollo. As for aArtemifia, firft called tmpfcw, whe¬ ther thie title thereof fprang from dony.se, Diana hir felfe, or from the renowmed Queen e of Cars a,; which difclofed the vfe therof vnto pofteritie, it furuiueth as a monument to reuiue the memories of them both foreuer. What Should we fpeake of Gemiam, bearing ftiil the cognifanceof Gentita? or of diners other Herbes,taking their denomination of their Princely inuentors? What Should I fay of thofe royal! perfona- g ts ) Iuba,Att;dlas } Climemis y tAchylles > CjrHs,MafyiiiJfa,Semyramii,DiocleJiaK? but onely thus,to befpeake their princely loues to Herbarifme, & their euerlafting honors (which neither old Plmttt dead,nor yongLipfuts lining .will permit to die ? ) Crefcent herba,ere feeds am arts: crefcent herba erefeetis honorssPdxst had this woon- ted facultie wanted theauthorifementof fuch a royal! cqmpanie: one King Salomon , excelling all the reft for wifedomCjOf greater rcyaltie than they ail (though the Lillies of the field outbraued him) he onely (I fay)might yeeld hereunto fufficient countenance and commendation, in that his lofty wifdome thought no fcorne to ftoupe vnto the lowly plants. I liftnotfeeke the common coloursof antiquicie; when not¬ withstanding the world can brag of no more ancient monument than Paradife,and the garden of Eden : and the fruits of the earth may contend for feigniorkie, feeing their mother was the firft creature that concerned,ami they themfe!n’es,tfie firft fruit (lie brought foorth. Talke of perfeft happineffe or pleafure, and what place was fo fit for that, as the garden place where Adam was fet,to be the Herbarift ? Whittier did the Poets hunt for their fyncere delights, but into the gardens of AlcinowfA Adonis ptxid the orchards of IPe[perides ? Where did they di eame that heauen Should be,but in the pleafant garden of Elyfhtm ? Whi¬ ther do all men walke for their honeft recreation but thither, where theearth hath moft beneficially painted hir face with flourishing colours? And what feafon of the ycere more longed for,than the Spring? whofe gentle breth inticeth foorth the kindly fweetes, and makes them yeeld their fragrant imels ? Who would therefore looke dangeroufly vp at Planets, that might fafely loke downe at Plants? And if true be the To the Reader. theolde prouerbe, Qjt& fupra nos, nihil ad nos ; I fuppofe this new faying cannot befalfe, Qm infra nos, ea maximead nos. Eafie therefore is this treafure to be gained, andyetpretious. The fcience is nobly fuppor- ted by wife and kingly fauorites .• the fabied thereof fonecelfarieand deledable, that nothing can be confeded,either delicate for the talk, daintie for Imell.pleafant for fight,wholefome for bodie, conferua- tiue or reftoratiue for health, but it borroweth the relifh of an herbe,rhe fauour of a flower,the colour of a leafe, the iuice of a plant, or the decodion of a roote : and fuch is the treafure that this my treatife is furniihed withal,wherin though mine art be notable to counteruaile nature in hirliuely portraitures; yet hauel counterfeited likeneffe for life, fhapesand lhadowes for fubftance, being readie with the bad pain¬ ter, to explane the imperfedionsof mypenfill with my pen, choofing rather to fcorevpon my pidurcs fuch rude marks, as may deferibe my meaning, than to let the beholder togeffe atrandonandmifle. I haue heere therefore fet downe not onely the names of fundrie plants, but alfo their natures, their pro¬ portions and properties,their 2ffeds and effeds, their increafe and decreafe,their flouriihing and fading, their dillind varieties and feuerall qualities, as well of thofe which our owne countrie yeeldeth, as of otherswhich I haue fetched further, ordrawen out by perilling diuersHerbals, fet foorth in other lan¬ guages, wherein none of our countrie men hath to my knowledge taken any paines, fince that excellent workeof Mailer Dodor Turner: after which time Mailer Lyte a worlhipfull Gentleman, tranflated Do - don&m out of French into Englilh; and fince that Dodo r Prieit, oneof our London Colledge, hath (as I heard) tranflated the laft edition of Dodonatu, which meant to publilh the fame; but being preuented by death, histranflationlikewifeperilhed: laftly, my felfe one of the leaf! among many, haue prefumed to fet foorth vnto the view of the world, the firft fruits of thefe mine owne labours, which if they be fuch as may content the Reader, I Ihall thinke my felfe well rewarded, otherwife there is no man to be blamed but my felfe,being a worke,I confelfe, for greater clerks to vndertake, yet majhny blunt attempt ferue as awhetflone to fet an edge vponfome fliarper wits, bywhome I wilh this my courfc difeourfe might be both fined and refined. Faults I confelfe haueefcaped, fomeby the Printers ouerfighc, fome through defeds in my felfe to performe fo great a worke, and fome by meanes of the greatnelfe of the labour, and that I was conlfrained to feeke after my liuing, being voidc of friends to beare fome part of the burthen. The rather therefore accept this at my hands (louing countriemen) as a token of my goodwill, milling that the bell and well minded will not rallily condemne me,although fome thing haue palfed woorthie reprehenfion. But as for the flanderer or enuious,I palfe not for them,but returne vpon themfelues.any thing they lhall without caufe either murmurein cor¬ nets,or iangle in fecret. Farewell. From my houfein Hol- burne within the fuburbs of London, this firll of December 1 5 9 7 - Thyfine ere and vnfainedfriend, I THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF PLANTS, Containing CjraffesfiuJhes, Come-, Flags^ Hulboje ? orOnion-rootedFlants. TheProeme. V / N this hiftorie of plants it would be tedious to vie byway of introdu¬ ction,any curious difcourle vpon the generall diuifion of plants,contai- ned in Latine vnder i^Arbor,Frutex ,Sicffriitex ,Herba.: or to Ipeake of me differing names of their leuerall parts, more in Latine than our vulgar toongcan well expreffe. Or to go about to teach thee, or rather to be¬ guile thee by the fmellortafte, togefleatthe temperature of plants: when as all and euery of thefein their place fhallhaue their true face and note,whereby thou maift both know and vie them. In three bookes therefore, as in three gardens, all our plants are be- : lowed: lotted as neere as might be,in kindred and neighborhood. The firft booke hath Grafles,Rufhes, Corne,Flags,Bulbofe,or Onion-rooted plants. The fecond,all lorts of lierbes for meate, medicine, or fweete fmelling vie. The third hath trees ,fhrubs,bufhes, fruit-bearing pIants,Rofins,Gums,Rofes,Heath x *Mofles, Mufhroms,Corall,and their feuerall kindes. ■ 1 Each booke hath chapters, as for each herbe a bed: and euery plant prelents thee with the La- tineand Englifh name in the title. Then followes the kindes, delcription, place,time,names, nature, and vertues, agreeing with the beft recciued opinions. Laft of all thou haft a generall Index as well in Latine as Engliih, with a carefull fupply like wile of an Indicts bilingnis of barbarous names. And thus hauing giuen thee a generall view of this garden,now with our friendly labors we will accompanie thee,and lead thee through a grafle plot, little or nothing of many Herbariftsheerto- fore touched: and begin with the moft common, or beft knowen Grade, which is called in Latine, Gramenpratenfe. Then by little and little conduct thee through moft plealant gardens, and other delightful! places,where any herbe or plant may be found,fit for meate or medicine. OfzCMedowgrajJe. Chap . i. ft "The kindes. Here be fundry and infinite kinds of grafles not mentioned by the ancients, either as vn- necelfarie to be fet downe,or vnknowen to them : onely they make mention of lomefew, whofe wants we meane to fupplie, in ftich as haue come to our knowledge, referring the reft to the curious fearcher oflimples. ft The defeription. Ommon Medow grafle hath very finall tufts of rootes, withthicke hairie" threds depending vpon the higheftturfe, matting and creeping on the ground with a moftthicke and apparent fhewof wheaten Ieaues, lifting vp long, thin, iointed ahd lightftalks, afooteor a cubite high, growing fmalland fharpe at the top, with an eare which isloole and hanging downward, like the tuft or top of the common Reede called Fa/latona. 2 Small Medow grafle differeth from the former in varietie of the loile : for as the firft kinde groweth in medowes,fo doth this Small grafle clothe the hillie and more drie grounds vntilled, and A i barren 2 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE barren by nature : a grademorefit for fheepe, than for greater cattell. And bicaufe the kindesof grade do differ apparandy in roote, tuft, ftaffe, leafe, lheath, eare or creft, we may afliire our fellies of their feuerallvertues, formed by the Creator for the vfe of man, although that they hauebeen by a common negligence hidden and vnknowen. And therefore in this our labor, we haue placed each of them in their feuerall bed, where the diligent fearcher of nature may, if fo he pleafe, place his learned obferuations. i Gramenpratenfe. 2 Gramen pratenfeminm. Medow grade. Small medow grade. •k The place. Common Medow grade growcth of it felfe,vnfet or vnfbwen,euery whereibut the Small Medow grade for the mod part groweth vpon drie and barren grounds, as partly we haue touched in the defcription. k The time. Concerning the time, when grade fpringeth and feedeth, I fuppofe there is none lb fimple but knoweth it,and that itcontinueth all the whole yeere, feeding in lune and Inly. Neither needeth it any propagation or replanting by feede or otherwife, nonotfbmuch as the waterie grades: but that they recouer themfelucs againe, although they haue been drowned in water all the winter long,as may appeere in the wildefennes inLincolnfhire,and fuch like places. k The names. Grade is called in Grceke k, of the Latines Gramen^ as it is thought agradiendo^ quodgeni~ culatis internodtjs ferpat crchrocp nouas Jpargatradices : foritgroweth, gdeth and fprcadeth itlelfe vnfet orvnlowen naturally oner all fields or grounds, clothing them with a perfect greene. It is yeerely mowed, in fome places twife, and in fbme rare places thrife: then is it dried and withered by the heate of the funne, with often turning it. And now it is called Fcemm^nefcio an afcenore aut fcetu. In Englifh Hay: in French Le herbe dupraiz,. 'k The nature. file rootes and feedes of grade are of more vfe in phidcke than the herbe, and are accounted of all HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 The decodlion of grafle with the rootesof parfley drunke, helpath the diflurieandprouoketh A vrine. The rootes of grafle, according to Galen 3 doe glevv and confolidate togithernewand bleeding B wounds. , Theiuiceof grafle mixed with honie and the powder of Sothernwood taken in drinke, killeth G wormes in children, but if the childe be yoong, or tender of nature, it fhall fuffice to mixe the iuice of grafle and the gall of an oxe or bull togither, and therewith annoint the childes bellie,andlay a clout wet therein vpon the nauell. Fernelms faith, that grafle doth helpe the obflrudlions of the liner, raines and kidneies, and all D cuillaffedlions of the raines called Nephritis. Hay fodden in water till it be tender, and applied hot to the chaps of beafls that be chap-fallen E through long Handing in pound,or liable without meate,is a prefent remedie. Of%ed Dwarfe graffe. Chap.z. i Gramm minimum ruhrwn. Red Dwarfe grafTe. 2 Grumen minimum album. White Dwarfe grafle. # The dejeription. 1 TA VV arfe grafle is the leaft ofall grafles. The roote is very fmall,hairie,and white,with many hollow ilrings : the tuft or eare is of a reddifh colour, and not much differing from the grafle called Ifchamon, though the eare be fofter,broader,and more beautifull. 2 The fecondkinde of Dwarfe grafle differeth nor from the former, but that both rootes and flowersof this are white,and theleaues fomewhat hairie aboue,andreddifh next the ground. 3 Small hard grafle hath fmall rootes compact of little firings orthreds, from the which come foorthmany lower, rufhie ieaues of the length of an inch and a halfe: the tuft or eare is compadt of feales, beingasitwere nothing elfe than chaffe, This grafle is vnpleafant, and no wholefome • foodcforcattell. . 4 Rufh grafle hath many final! rufhie Ieaues,tough and pliant,as are the common Rufshes : wher- vpon do grow fmall fcalie or chaffle husks,in lleed of flowers,like thofe of Rufhes,but fmaller. The roote is threddie like the farmer. A 2 3 Grmen 4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 3 Gramen minus duriufcuhm. Small hard grade. 4 Gramen lunceum. Rufh grade. k The place. The Dwarfe grade doth grow on heathie, rough and drie barren grounds in moft places of Eng¬ land. The white Dwarfe grade is not fo common as the former,and doth grow very plentifully among the hop gardens in Edex and many other places. Small hard grade groweth in moift frefn marfhes and fuch like places. Rufh grade groweth in fait marfhes neere vnto the (ea, where the marfhes haue been ouerflowen with fait water. k The time. Thefe kindes of grades do grow,flower,and flourifh,when the common Medow grade doth. k The names. It fufficeth whathath been faid of the names in the defeription, as well in Englifh as Latin 3 onely that fome haue deemed white Dwarfe grade, to be called Xerampelimm. Rufh grade hath been taken for HoloBewn Matthioli. , k The natureandvertues. Thefe kindes of grades do agree as it is thought, with the common Medow grade,in nature and vertues, notwithftanding they haue not been vfed in phificke as yetthat I can reade of. OfCorne grajfe. Chap. 3 . ; - ' . k The defeription. 1 Orne grade hath many gradie leaues, refembling thofe of Rie,or rather Otes, amongthe f . which commethvp Render bentie ftalks, kneed or iointed like thofe of corne, whereupon doth grow a faire tuft or pannicle, not much vnlike to the feather-like tuft of common Reedc,but rounder compact togither like vnto Millet. Theroote is threddie like thofe of Otes. 2 Reede grade hath many thin gradie leaues,like vnto the former. The bufhie top, with his long feather-like pannicles do referable the common Reede, which is lightly fnaken with the winde: branched vponalong deader reedenftalke, kneed or iointed like corne. Theroote isfmalland. fibrous. 1 Gramen 5 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Grammfeget ale. Come grafle. 2 Gramen harundinaceum. Reede gr&de. it the place. Thefe kindes of grades do growe for the moftpart neere vnto hedges,and in fallow fields in mod places. • • if the time. Their time offpringing,flowring and fading,may be referred to the common Medow grade. it the names. The drd is called in Englifh Corne grade. Of Lobelias \\\ his learned obferiiations ^Agrorum '■venti Jpica, and Gramen agrorum : of others Gramen fegetale , either of the Iikenes it hath with corne, or that it groweth amongcorne,the which I haue not as yet leene. The fecond is called in Englifh Reede grade. Of Lobelim'm. Latine Gramen harundinaceum > or Gramen agrorum , latiore arundinacea & comofa pannicula , for that his tuft or pannicles do reiemble the Reede. And Spica venti agrorim: for by reafon of his feather top,which is eafily fhaken with the winde. if the temperature and vert ues. Thefe grades are thought to agree with common grade, as well in temperature^s vermes, al¬ though not vied in phidcke,as yet knovven. Of zPvfilletgraJfe. Chap.^. if the description. 1 TV /f" beareth a tuft or eare like vnto the common Reede, although not fb great and 1_VJ[ thicke,but rather like to (Jl'filium } MiU or Millet whereof ittooke his name. Theftalkeor leaues do reiemble the Benr,wherewith countrie people do trim their houfes. 2 The great Water grade in roote,leafe,tuft and reeden ftalke ,doth very wel reiemble the grade called in Latine Gramen fulcatum,ox Piclum .* and by our Englifh women,Ladies Laces, bicaufe it is dript or furrowed with white and greene drakes, like dike laces : but yet differeth from that, that A 3 this (5 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE this Water grade doth get vnto it felfe Tome new rootcs, from the middle of the ftalks and iomts, which the other doth not. i Gramen Miliaceum. Millet grade. 2 Gramen maim aquaticwn. Great Water grade. & The place Jimc y names ^nature and vertues. They grow in fennie and waterie places, at the fame time that other grades do: and haue their vertues and natures common with other grades, for any thing that we canfindein writing. The reafon of their names may be gathered out of the defeription. OfDarnellgraffe. # The ctefcripticn. 1 T""X Arnell grade or Sorghinum , as Lcbelius hath very properly fetdowne, hath a brownifh I I dalke,thickeandknottie, fetwith long fharpe leaucs like vnto the commonReede: at the top whereof groweth a tuft or care, of a browne colour, fomewhat like Sorghum, whereofit tooke his name,as alfb of the Italian come Pannicke,it is called Panniculatum. 2 W' ilde Reede or Gramen harundinaceum, or Panniculatum , called alfo CalamogroHiSj is far leder than Couch grade,or Dogs grade; & yet in ftalks and leaues more rough,rugged and cutting. Bad foode for cattell,vnlede they want,or be very hungrie: bicaufe that, as the husbandman doth fay,it is a caufe of leannes in them, third, and confumption, cutteth their toong, draiteneth the gullet or throtc, and draweth downe blood into the domacke or mawe: whereof infueth inflammation, and death for the mod part. And not onely this CalamogroHis is hurtfull,but alfo all other kindes offhea- ring leaned reedes, flags, fedge, or whinne, which haue as it were edges, and cut on both fldes like kniucs as well mens fingers as cattcls mouthes.This herbe is in a meane betweene reede and grade. The roote is white, creeping downward very deepe, Thefpikeor eare is like vnto the reede, being foft and cottonie,fomewhat relembling Pannicke. I Gramen HI S;T O R I E OF PLANTS. 7 I Gramen Sorghintpn. * Gramen harundtnaeetm^Atmicttlatien. Darnell grade. Wilde Reede. The place. They grow infennie waterifh places like vntorhe former. .. tfr The time. They flower and fade at the fame time that the others do. *k The names. In Lincolnefhire,it is called Sheeregrafle or Henne: in other places of the land, Wilde Reede: ih Latine CalxmogroJlit , out of theGreeke, x«*«fu>p£sif. As for their natures and vertues, we do not findc any great vfe of them worth the fetting downe. Of c F-annickegraJJe. Chap. 6. vV The description. ‘ ’ ' ,77 ' j ' 7 - ■ ■ .. . 1 T\ Annicke grade is garnifhed with chaffie and downie tufts, fet vpon a long bentie flalke, of I ^ two cubits high or fomewhat more, naked without any blades or leaucs,for the mod parr. His roote is tough and hard. 2 Wood grade hath many thicke and threadie roctes, compact togither in maner of a tuft, from which fpring immediately out of the ground many graffieleaues, among the which are fundrie bentie ftalks, naked and without leaues or blades like the former, bearing at-the top a fpikie tuft or eare,much like vnto a Foxe taile,of a brownifh colour. A 4 I Gramen 8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE i Grumen Tannkulatnm. 2, GramenfylMticum. Pannicke grade. Wood grade. _ # Thep lace and time. Thefe kindes of grades do growe in fertill fields and paftures,at the fame time that others do. & The names. Gramenpannkulatum is called HeragroBis in Greeke,and of Lohelm in Latin Gramen Tomentofum & Acerofum. Some baue taken it for the fecondkinde of CalamogroJUs : but mod commonly it is called Gramenplumcfim ; and in Englifh a Bent, or Feather-top grade. Gramen fyluaticum, or as it pleafeth others fir Amen nemorofumys called in our toong Wood graffe,or Shadow grade. The nature and vertues. There is no vertue afcribed vnto thefe grades, for the vfe of phificke, but they are reckoned vn- profitable,both for man and bead. Ofgreat FoxcAaile grajfe . Chap . 7. •re The dejeription. 1 He great Foxc-taile grade hath many threddie rootes like the common Medow grade. I And the dalke rifeth immediately from the roote, in fafhion like vnto Barley, with two or three leaues or blades like Ores: but is nothing rough in handling like the precedent, but foft and downie, and fomewhat hoarie, bearing one eare or tuft on the top and neuer more: fafhio- ned like vnto a foxe taile,whereof it tooke his name. At the approch of winter it dieth, and recoue- reth itlelfe the next yeere by falling of hisfeede. The lefler Foxe-taile grade, hath a tough and hard roote, compadl of many frnall Brings, yeel- ding a ftrawie ftalke like the former, though fomewhat lefler, with the like top or creff, but of a whitifh colour. 1 Gramen HI S T O R I E I Gramen Alopecurcldesmaiut. Great Foxe-taile graffe. OF PLANTS. 2 Gramcn Aloptcuroides minus. Small Foxe-taile graffe. 3 Gy Amen Alopccurinum maim. G teat baftard Foxe-taile graffe. 4 Gramen Alopecurinwn ml nut. Small baftard Foxe-taile graffe. 2 0 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE k The description. 3 Reat baftard Foxe-taile grafte hath a ftrawie ftalke or ftem, which ditiideth it lelfe 1 within 1 -j the ground into fhootes or fuckers,the which do roote againe vpon the vpper cruft of the earth. His leafe is fmall and graft! e,and hath on his top one tuft or lpike,or eare of a hard thafne fiibftance, 4 Small baftard Foxe-taile grafte doth relemble the former, failing that this kinde doth not call: foorth fuch barren fhootcs as £hefonner,and thole which he doth caft out,doth bearea tuft for the moft part , but Imalier than the other,and not lodole packed togither. k Theplace ml time. Thefe wilde baftard Foxe-taile graftes do growinthemoift furrowes of fertill fields, at the lame time that others do. The names. They are fo called bicaule their tops are like vnto a Foxe taile. k The nature and vertues . They are as vnprolitable for our vfe,as the former. 0 [great Cats-taile grajfe. Qhaig.%. i Gramen Typhinum mains. Great Cats-taile grafte. 2 Gramen Typhimm minus. Small Cats-taile grafte. 'k The description. 1 Cats-taile grafte hath very Imall rootes, compact of many (mail firings or threds, which may eafiiy be taken from the whole roote. I he ftalke rdeth vp in the middeffand is lorn what like vnto wilde barly,kneed andiointed like corne,of a foote hiejh or thereabout : and is not much vnlike vnto Gramen exile durws. 2 I he imall Cats-taxle grafte is like vnto the other, differing chiefly in that it is lefler than it. The roote HIST OR IH OF PLANTS. u rooteisthicke, and cloned like rufh onions or dues, with many finall firings, orhairie threds an¬ nexed vnto it. ^ Theplace and time. Thefe kindes of gra fifes do grow very well neere the lea fide, as Gramen Cyperoides doth, and flou- rifh at the lame time that all others do. k The names. The Latins borrow thefe names of theGreekes, and czWit Gramen Typhinmn, of TyphazCats taile: and it may in Englifh as well be called round Bent grafle ,as Cats-taile grafle. k The nature and vertues. There is nothing written of them in phificke worth the letting do^vne. Offyperw grajfe. fbap.y. I Gramen Cyperoides. Cyperus Grafle. 2 Gramen Iuncetm aquaticum. Rufhie Water graffe. k The defer ip tion. 1 Yperus grafife hath rootes fomewhat like Cyperus whereofit tooke his name. His leaues j are long and large like vnto the commonreede. Theftalkegrowethvp to the height of a r ru- cubite, or more in fome places: vpon which do growe little fcalie knobs oreares, fpike fafhion, fomewhat like vnto Cats taile ,or reede mace,very chaflie,rough and rugged: differing but little, failing that it beareth but one fpike vpon one ftalke and no more, and this many. 2 Rufhie Water grafife hath his rootes like the former, with many fibres or firings hanging at them; and creepcth along vpon the vppermoft face of the earth, or rather mud wherein it grow- cthjbearing at each ioint one Render benty ftalke,fet with a few fmall graffie blades or leaues : brin¬ ging foorth at the top in little hoods,fmall feather-like tufts or eares. k The 12 THE FIRST EOOKE OF THE i-: The place and time. They growe as I hauc infinuated 3 in mirie and muddie grounds, in the lame feafon that others do. ie The names. Their names I haue likewife touched,and are manifeft of themfelues. The nature and vertues. The ancients haue written nothing of their nature and vie, but leaue them vnprofitabic for the vie of man and beaft. OfWiter grajfe. Chap. io. i Gramen aquaticum. 2 GramenaquaticimJpicatim. Water grafle. Spiked Water gralfe. ieThe defeription. ^ ~\1\T ^ tei " § rai ^ or as we ma y terme h. Water burre grade, hath leaues much like vnto the y y common Medow grade,but fomwhat broader. Among which rifeth vp a ftalke of two foote high, bearing vpon his fmall and tender branches certaine little rough knobs or heads, like vnto the (rnall burre,tnough much lefler.His roote is (mall and threddie. 2 Spiked Water grade in his leaues refembleth the former. The ftalke is finall, Angle and naked without leaues or blades: bearing alongft the fame toward the top 3 fpikefafhion, an eare or fpike not vnlike vnto Darnell: ana is made of certaine fmall chaffie buttons, refembling the buttonie flowers of Sea wormwood. His roote is thicke and tough,full of fibres or threds. *k The place and time, 1 ney differ not from the former kindes of grade's in place and time:and their names are manifeft. +e The nature and, vertues, Xneir nature and vertues arc referred vnto Dogs grade,whereof we will ipeake heerafter. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS, IS Of Flote grajfe. Qbap. ii. I Graven fltmiatile. Flote grade. 2 GramcnflimiatileJbicatwn. Spiked Flote grade. The defer iption. 1 T'' Lotc grade hath, a long and round roote, fomewhat thicke like vnto Dogs grade, fee on J~^ eueryiointwithfmallflringsorthreds: from the which rifeth vplongand crodkedftalks 3 crofting, winding and folding one within another, with many flaggie leaues, which horfes eate greedily of. At the top of thefe ftalks and fomewhat lower,there do thrudfoorthmany tufts or taflels,ofan ouerworne reddifh colour. 2 Spike Flote grade, or fpiked Flote grade, beareth at the top of each dender dalke, one fpiked care and no more, and the other many, which maketh a difference betweene them, otherwife they are like one the other.His roote is compact and tufted,and made of many thrummie threds. # Theplace and time. The place and time in which they growe,differeth not from the other Water grades. ie The Karnes. The firft is called Gramenflaniattle^xvd. alfb Gramen ac\uis inr.atans: in Hnglidi Flote grade. The fecond is called Gramen flmUtile fpicatwn : likewife Flote grade and Flotcr grade, bi they fwim and flote in the water. 'Se The nature and vertues. Their natures and vertues are as vnprofitable as the reft. life Of Ifneedgrajfe. Chap . 1 The description. i I/" Need grade hath ftraight and vprightdrawie (talks, with ioints like to theflraweof corne, ^ and beareth fmall graltie leaues or blades/piked at the top like vnto Lijmachia.flore Ceruleo, or *4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE or lone drife(as wc tcrme it,)ofa darke browne colour. His roote is hairie or threddie. 2 Water kneed grade hath many long and (lender ftemmes, iointed with many knobbie and gowtie knees, like vnto reede fct with brode flaggie leaueslbmewhat fharpe pointed: bearing at the top a tuft or pannicle,diuided into fundrie (mall branches of a duskifh colour. His roote is threddie like the other. I Gramen genicidattm. Kneed grade. 2 Gramen genicuhtum aquaticim* Water Kneed grade. . n r . # The place and time. icic gra es do grow in fertill moift medowes: not differing in time from others. t • r ii I,- r • , t . . ^ The names. us oca e 3 bicau(e it hath ioints like as it were knees,and therefore termed Geniculatm}a\ztd, The nature andvertues. W e haue nothing deliuered vs by the ancients of their nature and properties. Of Beardedgrage. Cbap.v y t: j j mi,, , ^ The description. niffSnr^Thtft b il°f and ^ lea " es hle Barly ’ fomewh athoarie, or of an ouervvornc out order . Jon f b ftT ° ne ° r tVVO '° intS at thc mbfl > d man y cares on the top.with- LSI i Gramen HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I G rumen Panictum. Bearded grade. 2 Gramen Paniceimparuum. Small Pannicke grafle. k The place and time. The fhft ofthefe two doth grow neere vnto mud wals, or fuch like places not manured, yet fertil! orfruitfull. V* The ieCond in (hallow waterie plafhes ofpaftures,and at the faidtime with others. k The names. It is called Pannicke,bicaufe it is like the Italian corne called Pannicke. k The nature and verities. They are vnprofitable for phiftcke, and therefore there is nothing left vs of their vertues and nature. OfHedgehoggraffe . Qhap. 14.. k The dejcription. 1 TT Pdgehog grafle hath broade, long and ftiffe flaggie Ieaues, with diuers ftalks proceeding J[ from a thicke fpreading roote.And at the top ofeuerie ftalke groweth certaine round and pricking knobs/afhioned like an Hedgehog. 2 The fecond, which is hairie grafle, is as rough and hairie as a goate. His rootes do fpread and creepe vnder the mud and mire as Cyperus doth: and at the top of the ftalks are certaine pricking knobs or burrcs. I Gramen 16 THE FIRST EOOKE OF THE t CrmentaluBreEchimtim. 2 Grrnen exile Hirfiam, Hedgehog grade. Hairie grade. 'h The place a/id time. They grow in watery ditches,as you may fee in going from Paris garden bridge to Saint Georges fields, and fuch like places: where alfo are Tome of the grades which we haue been already defcri- bed,to be feenc. •j $ The names. • The firft is called Hedgehog grade,and in Latine Grtmen Echimtum } by reafbn of thole prickles which are like vnto a Hedgehog. •, The fecond Hairie gra ftk^Gramen exile Hirfutum Cyperoides 3 bicaufe it is fmall & little, and rough or hairie like a goate: and Cyperoides 3 bicaufe-his rootes do fpread and creepe like the Cyperus. # The nature and verities. Their natures and vertues are frutelefle as many of the others are, and therefore nothing is delT uered vs of them by our writers. OfHairie JVood grajfe. Qhap .15. & The deferhtiew. 1 T_T Airie Wood grade hath rough leaues, fomewhat like the precedent, but the leaues of Jr "1 this are longer, and proceede from a threddie roote, which is very thicke and full of ftrings,as the common grade doth: with fmall ftalks riling vp from the fame rootes: but the top ofthefe ftalks are diuided into a number of little branches. And on the end of euerie one of them ftandeth a little flower or huske like the top of Allium Vrfinumfit common Ramfons,wherein the feede is contained when the flower is fallen. 2 Cyperus Wood grade hath many fheary graflie leaues,proceeding from a roote made ofmany hairie firings or threds: among which there rifeth vp fundrie ftraight and vprighr ftalks, on whole tops HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 7 tops are certaine fcalie and chaffie husks, or rather fpikie eares, not much vnlike the catkins or ra gs , which grow on nut trees and AlJer trees. I Grmenhirfutumnemoroftm . Hairie Wood grafle. 2 G ramen Cyperinum nemorojwn. Cyprefle Wood grafle. it The place and, time . Thefetwokindesdogrow in woods for the moft part, orfhadowie places: andmayinEnglifli be called the Hairie Woo d grafle. The time is common with the reft. it The names. It is plaine that they are termed by that name, bicaufe they grow in woods or ihades, as we haue faid. it The natures and vertues. There is nothing to be faid of their natures and vertues. Of Sea Spikegrajfe. fbap.16. i: The deftriptten. 1 Pike Sea grafle hath many (mail leaues about fixe inches long,riling from a bufhie threddy roote, which are very hard andfharpe in handling, as for the moft part all Sea grafles are. Amongthele leaues there do fpringvp many fmallrufhie ftalks : alongftwhichare diuers (mall flowring fharpe husks,lomewhat refembling the eare ofLauander. 2 Salt Marlh Spike grafle hath a wooddie tough thicke roote, vvithlome finall hairie threds fa¬ ttened thereunto: out of which do arife hard and rough leaues like the former, but Ibme what broa¬ der : and among them {lender naked rulhieftalks, which haue on both Tides limall knobs or buttons hangingon them. B x 1 Gy amen I I I 18 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 2 Grmen MartnumJpicattm alterum. SaltMarfli Spike grafle. i Gramen GMarinum•Jpicatum. Sea Spike grafle. 3 Grumen Iunceum Marinum Rufliie Sea grafle. • Gramen Iunceum mar it mum* MarfliRufh grafle. 3 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 19 3 The third hath many rufhie leaues,tough and hard, of a browne colour 3 wellrefembIing riifhes: hisrooteis compa&of manyfmall tough and long firings. His flalke is bare and naked of leaues vnto the top,on which it hath many fmall, pretie and chaffie buttons. 4 The fourth is like the third 3 fauing that it is fmallenthe flalke alfo fmall aud naked 3 and at the top filch huskes as are in rufhes. 5 Grumen palustre Cyperoidcs. Great Cyprefle graffe. 6 Gramen Cyperoidespar mm. Small Cyprefle graffe. •frThe dejcription. 5 Great Cyprefle graffe hath diners long flalks proceeding from a roote compad of many long and tough firings orthreds. The leaues are long and broad, like vnto the Sedge called Car ex or Sparganium. The fpike or eare of it is like the head of Plantaine 3 and very prickly. 6 Small Cypreffe grafle is like vnto the other in roote and leaues 3 fauing that it is fmaller. His flalke is finooth and plaine 3 bearing at the top certaine tufts or pannicles 3 like naked eares of wilde barly. # The dejcription. 7 The firfl of thefe two kindes hath many crooked and crambling rootes 3 ofa wooddie fubflance, very like vnto the right Cyperus 3 differing from it onelyinfmell 3 bicaufe the right Cyperus rootes bane a fragrant ffnelfand thefe none at all. His leaues are long and broad 3 rough 3 fharpe or cutting at the edges like Couch grafle. His flalke is long, big and fquare, like vnto a reede, and on his top a chaffie vmbell or tuft like vnto the true Cyperus. , 8 The fecond kind hath very many broad,rough,and ftaggie leaues 3 like vnto the former Cyperus graffe,but yet broader and fhorter,fomewhat like the grafle called Painted grafTc,or Ladies laces 3 as we terme it. His flalke is great and large like vnto Recde 3 bearing at the top an eare like a fpike,of a hard and chaffie fubllance.His roote is long,and hath many threddie firings in it. B 2 7 Gramen 20 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 7 Gramen aquatic um Cyperoides 'vulgatim* Water Cyprefle grafle. 8 Gramen Cyperoidesfyicatum. Spike Cyprefle grafle. $ Grumen fylmticum minus . Small Wood grafle. io Gramen hmceumfyluaticim* WoodRufhie grafle. 21 HISTcPRIE OF PLANTS. iT \ defirtytio*. . :; 3 -., 9 The firfl of thcfc grades is a fmall barren grade; and hath many narrow thin gradie leaues: out of which (pang fmall ftalks,as in fyledoyv graffe,-bearing on the top final} feather-like chaffie , eares. His roote is long and threddie. ' . -ji >7fbp ' • n : e. 'jd 10 The fecond hath long tough and hairie firings, growing deep? jntffe earthlike a turfe, which make the roote: from which rile many crooked, tough and rufhie ftalks, hauingtoward the top fcalie and chaffie knobs or buttons.- 5 j 3C II GyamenhttrundiriA-ccwMwhites, 12 GyamewhArupAitt&ccusnminus* Great Reede grade. Small Reedyg^alTe. *k The dejcripion. 11 The firft hath many faire and vpright wheaten ftalks, riling from a thicke knobbie and tough roote, iointed and kneed like vnto Wheate. His leaues are very well like the common Reede, hauing at the top a feather-like eare, fpikeor knopof a chaffie fiibftance, like vnto the common Reede whereofit tooke his name. . .. % 12 The lecond kinde doth not differ from the precedent,failing that this is fmaller than it. ^ The place,time,namesmatures andvertues. All the grades which we haue defcribed in this chapter, do growe in marifli and waterie places neere to the lea, or other fenny grounds, or by muddie and mirie ditches, at the fame time that the others do growe and flourifh.Their names are eafily gathered of the places they grow in,or by their deferiptions :and are of no vertue nor propertiefor medicine,or neceffarievfeas yetknowen. Of Couch grajfe or "Dogsgrajfe . Chap.ij. & The defeription. T He common or bed knowen Dogs grade or Couch grade, hath long leaues like vnto the fmall Reede,fharpe at the point, cutting like a knife at the edges. The ftalke is a cubit and ahalfelong, withiointsor knees like wheaten draw : the plume or tuft is like the Reede, ,* B 3 ‘ but THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE but (mailer and more chaffie : it creepeth in the ground hither and thither with long white rootes, jointed at certaine diftances, andhaue a pleafant fweete tafte, platted or wrapped one within ano¬ ther very intricately, info much as whereithappenethin gardens among pot herbs, great labour nwft be taken before it can be deftroied. 2 Knottie Dogs grafie is like vnto the former in ftalke and leafe.The tuft or eare is long and chaf¬ fie, of a browne colour. The roote is like vnto Saffron, knobbie or knottie, for the moft part one foe vpon another,Iike the rootes or bulbs of Gladiolus It dicta pi Italian corne flag. I Gramen Caninum. 2 Gramen Caninum nodojim. Couch grafie or Dogs grafie. Knottie Dogs grafie. *k The place. 1 The firft groweth in gardens and arable grounds, as aninfirmitie and plague of the fields, no¬ thing pleafing to the husbandmen; for after that the field is plowed,they are conftrained to gather the rootes togither with harrowes and rakes: and being fo gathered and laid vpon heapes, they for them on fire,leaft they fhould growe againe. 2 Tne focond groweth in plowed fields and fuch like places, but not euery where as the other: I hauc found ofthele in great pien tie both growing,and plucked vp with harrowes,as before is reher- fod, in the fields next to Saint lames wall as ye go to Chelfey, and in the fields as ye go from the tower hill of London to Radcliffe. & The time. The time anfwereththc time of the other grafles. ie The names. It is called Caninum or Sanguinale , and Vmola. The countrie men of Brabant do name it % others LciJt 8$f0+ Of the Grecians : of the Latins by the common name Gramen. It is of fome namedin Englifh Couch grafle,Quitch grafie,and Dogs grafie. Gramen Caninum bulbofum or nodofum t \s called in Englifh Knobbie or Knottie Couch grafie. # The *3 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. :£■ The nature. The nature of Couch grafle, efpecially the rootes agreeth with the nature of common grade: al¬ though that Couch grafle bean vnwelcome gueft to fields and gardens, yet his phificke vermes do recompence thofe hurts: for it openeth thedoppings ofthe liner and raines,without any mani- fed heate. The learned Phifitionsof the College and locietie of London, do holde this Bulbus Couch grafle in temperature,agreeing with the common Co uch grafle,but in vermes more effe&uall. # Thevertues. Couch grafle healeth greene wounds. The deco&ion of the roote is good for the kidneies and A bladder: it prouoketh vrine gently, and driuethfoorth grauell. Diofcorides and Galen do agree,that the roote damped and laid vpon greene wounds doth heale themfpeedily. The deco&ion thereof lerueth againd griping paines of the bellie, and difficultie of making B water. Marcellas an old author maketh mention in his 2d.chapter, that feuen and twenty knots of this C Gramcnnodojumboiled in wine till halfe beconlumed, prefled foorth, drained and giuen to drinke to him that is troubled with thedrangurie, hath fo great vertue, thatafter the patient hath once begun to make water without paine, it may not be giuen with wine any more, but with water onely. By which words it appeereth, that this knotted grafle was taken for that which is properly called Gramcn or <Mgrottis, and hath been alfo commended againd the done and difeafes of the bladder. The later Phifitions do vfe the rootes lomtimes of this,and fomtimes of the other indifferently. OfSea T)ogs grajfe. Cbap.ift. I Gramen Caninwn marinum. Sea Dogs grafle. 2 Gramen Cammim mar inum a It e rum. 4 Sea Couch grafle. 2 4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE & The defeription, 1 >■ &*■< He Sea Dogs grade is very likevnto the other before named : hisleaues are long and {lender, and very thicke compaft togither, fet vpon a knottie ftalke, {piked at the top like the former: alfothe roote crambleth and creepeth hither and thither vnder the earth, occupying much ground,by reafon of his great increafe of rootes. 2 The fecond Sea Dogs grade is according vnto VObeli fomwhat like the former: his rootes are more fpreading and longer, difperfing themlelues vnder the ground further than any of the reft. The leaues are like the former,thicke bufhed at the top,with a clufter or bufh of fhort thicke leaues one folded within another.The ftalke and tuft is of a middle kinde betweene ifchxmon and the com¬ mon Couch grafte. •fy The plac e ,time ,n ames,nature and vert ties. They grow on the fea fhore,at the fame time that others do. And are fo called bicaufe they grovr necre the fea fide.Their nature and vertues are to be referred vnto Dogs grade. Of upright Dogsgrajje. Chap jp. I G rumen Caninumflip?mm. Vprig^t Dogs grade. 2 Gramen Striatum, Ladle Lace grade. The defeription. 1 \ T P f ight Dogs grade or Qnich grade, byreafon of his long fpreading iointed rootes, is like y vnto the former, and hath at euery knot in the roote fundry firings of hairie fubftance, {hooting into the ground at euery iointas it fpreadeth, thrufting or bearing vpright his bent or ftalke,with a fpokie pannicle, fomwhat thicker and greater than the common Couch ^raffc. By which notes of difference,it may be eafily difeerned from the other kindes of Dogs graded 2 Ladies Laces hath leaues like vnto Miller infafhion, rough and fharpe pointed like the Reede Fdilatorta, with many white vaines or ribs, and filuer drakes running along through the middeftof the leaues, fafhioning the fame like to laces of white and greenefilke, very beautifull andfaireto behold j HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 25 behold; it groweth to the height of wilde Pannicke. Therootcis finall andhairie 5 and white of co- lour like the Medow grafle 5 hauing a faire bufh or creft at the top,like the common Recde, ft The place. 1 Vpright Dogs grafle groweth in well dunged grounds and fertill fields. 2 Ladies Laces groweth naturally in the wooddy and hilly places of Sauoy, and anfwereth com¬ mon grafle in his time of feeding. It is kept and maintained in our Englifh gardens, rather for pleafure than for vertue as yet knowen. ft The names. UObeliusc alleth it Sulcatum and Gramen flriatum^ or Gramen piffum : inEnglifhthe Furrowed graffe,the White Chameleon grafle 5 orftraked grafle: andvfually of our Englifh women it is called Ladies Laces,or Painted grafle. In French Aiguillettes d'armes. ft The nature and vertues. The Ycrtues arc referred to the Dogs grafles. OfDewgraJfe. Qbap.zo. 1 Gramen CManna efculentum. Dew grafle. 2 ifch&mon vulgare. Cocks-foote grafle. ft I he dejeription. 1 T"''V Lw grafle hath very hard and tough rootes 5 long and fibrouSjthe ftaHcs are grear,of fower J, y or fiue cubits high, very rough and haine,iointed and kneed like the cotnrpon Reede: the leaues are large and broad, like vnto Corne. The tuft or eareis druided into furidrv bran- c hcs 5 chafficandof a purple colour, wherein is contained feede kVzCfrHlzum, wherewith the Ger- mvui 1°make pottage and Inch likemeate, as wq in England do wi.th Otemeale, and is fentinto Middleborrough, and other townes of the Lowe countries in great quantitie, for the fame purpofe, as L'Obelius hath told me. 53 " ' 1 r z The 26 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE z The fecond kinde of Dew grafle or Ifch<mon,& iffereth little from the firft kinde of Dogs grade, refembling one the other in pannicles,tufts and ftalks,fauing that the creft or tuft is fpred or ftret- ched out abroad like a Cocks foote fet downe vpon the ground, whereupon it was called Guilt crus ^Mpulei. The ftalke is cleere and vpright, of a glittering purple colour, or rather violet. The tuft is diuided into foweror fiue branches like the former Dew grafle: the leauesor blades are like the common Medow grafle. •k The place and time. 1 The firft groweth naturally in Germanie,Bohemia,Italie, and in the territories of Goricea and Carinthia, as CMatthiolm reporteth. 2 The fecond groweth neere vnto rough banks of fields,as I my felfe haue feene in the hilly banks neere Greenhithe in Kent.It differeth not in time from thofe we hauefpoken of. ^ The names. i The Germans cal it |j)fttl£ttiatbthat is to fay \CaU m,whereupon it was called Gramen Manna*, itfeemeth to be Milium fyluestre, ac Spur turn quoddam genus, acertaine wilde and baftard kinde of Millet. Leonicenus and Rue Hi us do name ItCapriola and fanguinaria : fome would haue it to be Gra- menaculeattm Plinij, but bicaufe the defeription thereof is very fhort, nothing can be certainly affir¬ med. But they are far deceiued, who thinke it to be Coronopus, as fome very learned haue fet downe: but euery one in thefe daies is able to controul that error. i-Afattus and Rondeletius haue called it Jfchamon Plinij , and Galli crus Apulei : JJobelius calleth it Gramen Manna ejculentum, for thatin Germanie and other parts,as Bohemia and Italy,they vie to eate the fame as a kinde of bread corne, as alfoto make pottage, as we do with Otemeale: for the which purpofe it is there fowen ascorne, and fent into the Lowe countries, and there fold by the pound. In Englifti it may be called Manna grade, or Dew grafle. a The fecond is called Ifchamon, and PanicumfyluePlre psvA alio Panicumpaluslre, Mann&graminit Jjecies altera : the other kinde of Dew grafle. k The nature. Thefe grafles are aftringent and drying,in tafte fweete like the common Dogs grafle. k Thevertues. JV. 'Lsfpuleius faith,if a plaifter be made of this grafle, hogs greafe, andleuen of houfhold bread, it curetn the biting of a mad dog. B As in the defeription I told you,this plant in his tuft or eare is diuided into fundry branches,fomc tuft into three,fome fower,and fome fiue clouen parts like Cocks toes. Apuleim reporteth,ifye take that eare which is diuided onely into three parts ,it wonderfully helpeth the running or dropping of the eies,and thofe that begin to be bleare eied,being bound about the necke,andfo vfed for certainc daies togither,it turneth the humors away from the weake part. OfCotton grajfe. Chap. zi. , k The defeription. 1 >“ 1 " His ftrange Cotton grafle, which UObelius hath comprehended vnder the kindes of I Ruflies, notwithftandingthat it may pafle with the rufhes,yet I finde in mine owne expe¬ rience, that it doth rather refemblc grafle thanrufhes, and may indifferently be taken for either; for that it doth participate of both. The ftalke is fmallandrufhie, garnifhed with many graflie leaues alongft the fame, bearing at the top a bufh or tuft of moft pleafant downe or cotton, like vnto the moft fine and foft white filke. The roote is very tough,fmall and threddie. 2 This Water Gladiole or graflie Rufh,of all others is the faireft and moft pleafant to behoId,and lerueth very well for the decking and trimming vp of houfes, bicaufeof thebeautie andbrauerie thereof: confiftingof fiindry fin all flowers, compact of iixe finall leaues, ofawhite colourmixed with carnation, growing at the top of a bare and naked ftalke, fiue or fixe foote long, and fometime more. The leaues are long and fiaegie, not much vnlike the common rcede. The roote is threddie, and not long. i Gramen HI ST OKIE OF PLANTS. *7 I GrmenTomentarium. Cotton grade. 2 Gladzolmpaluflris Cordz. Water Gladiole. # The place a nd time. 1 Cotton grafle groweth vpon bogs, and fuch like moorifh places, as it is to be feene vpon a bog at the further end of Hampded heath in a valley, vpon the right hand neere to a (mail cottagc,as ye go from London to Henden: in which place doth growelikewifemanyothcr rarefirrtples, as you fhall vnderftand heerafter in this treatife. It groweth likewife in Highgate parke neere London. 2 Water Gladiole groweth in (landing pooles, motes, and water ditches. I found it in great plentre, being in companie with a worfhipfull gentleman Mader Bobert VV'zlbraham , at a village fifteene miles from London called Bufhey. It groweth likewife by the famous riuer Thamefs, not far fromapeeceof ground called the Diuels neckerchiefe neere Redrilfc by London, and many other places. Thefeafon anfwereth all others. & 7 ‘he names. 1 Gramen tomentofum is called likewife Iuncm bombicinm: of Cor dm, Limm pratenfe^ and Gn (ifil¬ ium Hieronimi Bochij . In Englifh Cotton grade. 2 Water Gladiole is called of L'Obelim , Iuncm Cyperoidesfloridmpaludofm , Flowring Cyprede rufh. Iuncm, faith he, for that his ftalke is like the Rulh: Cyperozdes, bicaufe his leaues do refemblc Cyperm: Florzdm , bicaufe it hath on the top of euery rufhie ftalke, a fine vmblcor tuft of (inall flowers, in fafhion of the Lillie of Alexandria, the which it is very like, and therefore I had rather call it the Lillie grade. The nature and vertues. Cor dm faith, that Inncm bombicinm fbdden in wine, and fo taken, helpeth the throwes and gri- A pings of the bellie,that women haue in their childing. There be alfo fundrie kindes of grades wholy vnknowen, or at the lead not remembredcf the old writers, whereof fomefew are touched in nameonelyby the late and new writers: now for as much as they haue onely named them, I will refer the better confideration of them to the indudrie and THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE and diligence of painfull fearchers of nature, and profecute my purpofed labour, to vnfolde the diners forts and manifoldkindes of C>yw^,Flags,andRufhes: andRicaufe that.there is added vnto many of the gralfes before mentioned, this difference Cyperozdes , that is to fay,grafie like, or refem- bling Cyperzzs , I thought it expedient to ioine next vnto the hift<$rie of grafles, the dilcourfe of Cype- rwandhiskindsjwhichareasfolloweth. Of Enghjh Cjalingale. Chap . zz. I Cyperttelongus. Englifh Galingale. 2 Cyperi efculenti. Spanifh Galingale. 'k 7*he defer ipt ion. Nglifh Galingale hath leaues iike vnto commonReede, butleflerand fhorter. His ftalke is three fquare, two cubits high: vpon whofe top Rand fundry bran- ches,euerv little branch bearing many (mail chaffie fpikes.The rooteis blackeand very long,creeping hither and thither, occupying much ground by reafon of his n preading: ofa inoflfweete and pleafant fmell when it is broken. 2 Spanifh Galingale or fweetc Cyperus hath his leaues rifing out of the ground like the former. The ftalks do anfwer it in fquareneffe: at the top whereofdo (land fine leaues,amongft the tuft,(far fafhion. among the which a!fo do ftand fower chaffie leaues, falfhioned like the leaues of an Afh tree, The whole plant is mod impatientof our cold climate *. for it doth perifh with the firff froft, as myfelle haue often prooued in mine owne garden in London, hauing the rooies fent me from Spaine. 3 Round Cyperus groweth almoff: to the height and greatnesof Reede: the tuft or floweris very like vnto the former: the leaues are broder,and more in number. The rootesare many and knobby, ouall in foime,inteiiaced with many firings or threds,aItogither without fin el I. 4 Cats-tailc graffc hath many long rceden leaues, comming from a fibrous or threddieroote, among HISTORIE OF PLANTS. among the which arife graffie flalks of two cubits high, garnifhed at the top with certaine chaffie aglets, refembling the reede mace,or Cats-taile,ofa darke blackifh colour. 3 Cyperus rotundus. 4 Cyperus Typhtntes, Round Galingale. Cats-taile Galingale. x ft T be place and time. 1 The firfl: of thefe groweth naturally in fennie grounds: yet doth it profper exceedingly in gar- dens 3 as experience hath taught vs. 2 Spanifh Galingale groweth in Spaine,Languedoc,and fuch like hot regions. ft The names. 1 Cyperus longus is called of the Latins as well Cypiruszs Cyperus: of fome Iuncus quadratic : of Flime Iuncus angulofus and Triangular is : of others ^AjpaUthim and Erijis: in French South et; in Dutchtin Spanifh luncoodor ofa .-inEnglifh CyprefTe,and Galingale. 2 Cyperus efculentus is called of Guillandinus , Tulcichymm. 'Theophrastus calleth it Cyperus dulcis. The people of Verona in Italie do call it Traci dulce, and Dolzolim. It is fo named in Spaine, where the poore people crie them about the ftreetes, Trajidulce, Traji dulce , like as our Englifh women in London crie Orenges,Pomegranates 3 andfuch like 3 where it is eaten for fallads by rich and wealthie citizens: I thinke rather to procure luft than appetite to meate. ft The nature. Diofcorides faith, that C)perushath an heating qualitie, Galen faith, the rootes are mod effe&uall in medicine,and are of an heating and drying qualitie: and fome do reckon it to be hot anddriem the fecond degree. ft The vertues. It maketh a moft profitable drinke to breake and expell grauell 3 and helpeth the dropfie. A Ifit be boiled in wine anddrunke, itprouoketh vrine 3 driueth foorth the ftone 3 and bringeth B downe the naturall ficknes of women. The fame taken as aforefaid,is a remedie againffc the flinging and poifon of ferpents. G F erne Hus S o THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE D FerneUus faith 3 the roote of Cyperm vfed in baths, helpeth the coldnes and flopping of the ma- trix 3 and pronoketh the termes. E He wriceth alfo that it increafeth blood by warming thebodie,and making good digeflion; won¬ derfully refreshing the fpirits 3 and exhilarating the minde, comforting the fenfes 3 andincreafing their JiueIinefIe 3 reftoring the colour decaied 3 and making a fweete breath. F Tie powder of Cyperm doth not onelv drie vp all moift vlcers either of the mouth 3 priuie mem- bers 3 or fundament,but flaieth the humor, and healeththem 3 thoughthey be maligne and virulent, according to the iudgement of Fernelim. T _ 'The description. ... e ovvers ^is Sea RuSh grade are faire and beautiful I 3 very much downie, in manei 1 ce luncm odor at thicker, growing togither like a foxe taile 3 fine or fixe inches long and leafedS^f, § ^ ratherfiIllcl: > to PP' d aforefaidlil «= ^tbfecuros. 2 The rootes of our Common Rudies are long and hairie, fpreading largely in the ground, from wnci as rom one entire tuft, proceedeth a great companie of fiuall Ruflies : fo exceedingly well ■nowen/nat lall not ncede to fpend much time about the defcription thereof, f' T 1C , C l3 . n ne iGr ^ oi Rufhes befides the former, whole pictures are not extant, and the ; iCr ,° r Llat [ Q . § enera ^ ^cfcnption oi Ruflies,as alfo their common vfe and feruice are fufficient ° eadidotnedow edge or them. This great Water grafieorBull rufh 3 in ftecdofleaues brin- f °° ££nniar T ra, g yttwi^gieniootesorf]:udngs 3 wh!chberound 3 frnooth 3 fharpepointed 3 and vunout knots. Their tuft or flower breaketh foorth a little beneath the top, vpon the one fide of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 31 the rufrggrowing vpon little fhort Rems like grape clufters,wherein is contained the feedeaftenhe fafhion of a fpeares point. The rootes be {lender and full of firings. Plinie and Theophrattmhtfoxz him,affirm? that the rootes of the rufh do die euerieyeere , and that it groweth againe of the feede. And they affirmc like wife, that the male is barren, and groweth againe ofthe yoong fhootes 5 yet I could neuer oblerue any filch thing. 4 Iuncm acutm^ or the fharpe Rufh, is likewife common and well knowen : not much differing from Iuncm Uuis, but harder, rougher, and {harper pointed : fitter to {Iraw houlesand chambers than any of the reft: fo* the others are fo foft and pithie,that they turne to dufl and filth with much treading5 where contrariwife this rufh is fo hard,that it will Iafl found much longer. 3 June us aquatic us maxim us. Great Water Rufh,or BullRufh. 4 Iuncusacutus . Sharpe Rufh,or hard Rufh. it The place 1 Iuncm Cfrfarinm graminem, Francis Penny of famous memorie, a learned phifition and expert herbarift, found this Sea rufh in thecoaft of the Mediterrane fea, in the way as he trauelled to Pifcaire, and hath not as yet been found in England. 2 Juncus Uuis groweth in fertill fields,and medowes that are fomewhat moift. 3 Iuncm aquatiem groweth in {landing pooles,and by riuers fides in mofl places. 4 Iuncusacutus groweth vpon drie and barren grounds, efpccially neere the furrowes of plowed land.I neede not fpeake oftheir time of growing,they being fo common as they are. it The names. The Rufh is called inGreekc jfivot in Latine iuncm : in high Dutch X inlowe Dutch QI 3 i£f£tt X in Italian Giunco: in Spanifh Iuneo: in French lone: in Englifh Rufhes. The Grecians hauc called the Bull rufh ohoynvos. Iuncm Uuis is that rufh which Diofcorides called Iuncm acutm is called in Grecke S^oiV©-.In Dutch ^fcrCtl 'B|CfCU* it The nature. Thefe rufhes are of a drie nature. ‘It The THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE * The venues. A The feede of rtifhes dried at the fire, and drunke with wine alaied with water, ftaieth the laske, and the ouermuch flowing of womens termes. B Galen yeeldeeh this reafon therof, bicaufe that their temperature confifteth of an earthie eftence, moderately cold and waterie, and meanly hot: and therefore doth the more eafily drie vp the lower parts, and by little and little fend vp the cold humors to the head, whereby it prouoketh drowfines and defire to fleepe; but caufeth headach,whereof Galen yeeldeth the reafon as before. C The tender leaues that be next the roote, make a conuenient ointment againft the bitings.of the fpider called Phalangium. D The feede of the Bull rufh is raoft foporiferous 5 and therefore the greater care muft be had in the adminiftration thereof,lcaft in prouoking fleepe,you induce a drowflnes,ordeepe fleepe. OfTRecdes. Chap.i 4,. # Thekindes. F Reedes the ancients hauefet downe many forts. TheophraTlushzth brought them all,firfi: into two principallkindes,and thofe hath he diuided againeinto mo forts.The two principal are thefe,o4W#/^,or Tib tales bar undines, and Harundo vallatoria. Of thefe and the reft we will fpeake in their proper places. 1 Harundo Vallatoria, 2 Harundo Cypria. tfr The defcription. He Common Reede hath long ftrawie ftalks, full of knottie iointsor knees like vnto corne,whereupon do grow very long rough baggie leaues. The tuftorfpokie earedoth grow at the top of the ftalks, browne of colour, barren and without leede. And doth refemble a bufhof feathers, which turneth into fine downe or cotton, which is caried away with the winde, fhe roote is thicke, long, and full of firings. T HI S TO RIE OF P L A Hit S. 1 $3 firings,difperfing thfiinlthics far abrodc,whcrcby it dpth grc^tlyirrcrcafc. . <> 2 TI16 Gyprefle Rec<Jc is the great-eft of all reedes, hauingftalksexceeding.&ng, fomctimes of twenty orthirty foote high,.of a woocklifefubftancc, fct with very great leaues 3 like thofe of Turkie wheats* Itcariethatthe top the like dovynie tuft that the former doth. 13 bns »nicci2 nid»wora en 3 undo far £la. . i 4 CalamusfkgittaliiL’Obel'if. Stuffed Canes', T . - Small fluffed Reedc. 3 Thefe Reedes L’Obelius hath feene in the Low countries brought from ConftantinopIe ; where, as it is faid, the people ofthat countrie haue procured them from the parts of the Adriatic ft a fide where they do grow. They are full ftuftwith a fpongious fubftance, fo that there is no ho lowncs in thefamc, as in Canes and otherreedes, excepthcreandtherecertainefmallporesorpaftagcs, of the bignes of a pins point; in manerfuch a pith as is to be found in the Bull nifb, but more firme and fblide. 4 The fecond differeth in finalnes, otherwifc they are very like: which may procecde of the fer¬ tility of the foile where they do grow: and are vfed for darts ,arrowes,and fuch like. 5 This great fort of Reedes or Canes, hath no particular defcription to anfweryour expedition 5 for that as yet there is not any man which hath written thereof efpecially the manner of growing of thcm,eithcr of his ovvne knowledge or report from others: fo that it fhall iuffice that ye do know that that great Cane is vied efpecially in Conftantinople and thereabout, of aged and wealthie citizens, and alio noble men and fuch great perfonages, to make their walking ftaues of, earning them at the top with fundrie fcutchens, and prety toies of imagcric, for the beautifiengof them; audio they of the better fort do garnifhthem both with filucr and golde, as the figure doth moft: liuely fet foorth vnto you. 6 In like maner the fmaller fort hath not as yet been feene growing of any that haue been curious in herbarifme, whereby they might let downe any certaintie thereof: onely it hath beene vfed in Conftantinople and thereabout,euen to this day to make writing pens withall/orthe which it doth very fitly feme,as alfo to make pipes,and fuch like things of pleafure. C 1 5 Naltos 34 THE FIRST SOOKE OF THE f • 1 - 7 - f 5 • Naflos Clusij. 6 Arundofcriptoria. ieThiplace. Turkie walking ftaues. Turkic writing Reeves. The common rcede groweth in (landing wa¬ ters, and in the edges orborders of riuers almoft euery where : and the other being the angling Cane for (i(Tiers, groweth in Spainc and thole hot regions. The time. They flourifli and flower from Aprill to the end of September, at what time they arc cut downe for the v(e of man,as all do know. ie The names. The common Reede is called ^Arundo and Harundo 'valhtoriai in French Sofeau; in Dutch JRltt t in Italian Came a farfiepo: of Dios,Phra~ gmkis: in Englifh Reede. ^Arundo Cypria , or after L’Obelises, cArundo Dornx: in French Canne: in Spanifh Cam : in Italian Calami a far Connochia : in Englifh Pole reede,and Cane,or Canes. it The nature. Recdes are hot and drie in the (econd degree, as Galen faith. it The vertues. The rootes of reede (lamped (mall, drawe foorth thornes and fplinters fixed in any part of mansbodie. The fame (lamped with vineger, calc all luxations,and members out of ioint. q And like wife (lamped they heale hot and fharpe inflammations. The allies of them mixed with vineger helpeth theleales and and (curfe of the head, and helpeth the haire to grow in Alopecia , or falling of the hairc. D The great reede or cane is not vied in phificke, but is efleemed to make (learres for weauers, fun- drie forts of pipes, as al(o to light candles that (land before images, and to make hedges and pales as we do of laths and fuch like: andalfo to make certaine diuifionsin (hips to diuide the (weetc orengesfrom the (ower,the pomecitron and Iimons likewife in fundcr,and many other purpo(es. it The danger. If the downe of this common reede fall into the eares of any which v(e it, be they thatchers,or botemen, or gatherers of it,it caufeth a great deafnes in them,and hard to be cured. .Mi Of Sugar Cane . Qhap. 25. itThe defeription. , I Vgar Cane is a plealantand profitable Reede, hauing long (lalkes, feauen oreightfootc ^ high, iointedor kneed like vnto the great Cane: the leaues come foorth of euery ioint on euery fide of the (lalkc one, like vnto wings,long,narrow and fharpe pointed. The Cane ic felfe, or (lalkc, is not hollow as the other Canes or Reedes are 5 but full, and (luffed with a (pungi- ous fubftancc in tafte exceeding fiveete: the roote is great and long,creeping along within the vp- per cruft of the earth, which is likewife fweeteand plealant, but lefle hard orwooddie then other Canes or Recdes: from the which there doth fhoote foorth manieyoongfciences,whicharecut away from the maineor mother plant, bicaufe they (hould not drawe away the nourifhment from the old ftocke,and fo get vnto themfclues a little moifturc,or clfe (bine fubftance not much woorth, and caufe the ftocke to be barren,and themfelucs little the better, which fhootes do ferue for plants to fet abroad, for encrcafe. it The HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. Ha rundo Sac charina. Sugar Reede. Tbe place. The fugar Cane groweth in many parts of Eu* rope at this day, as Spaine, Portugale, Olbia and in Prouence. It groweth alfo in Barbaric,generally almofteuery where in the Canarie Hands, and in thofe ofMadera, in the eaft & weft Indies,and ma- nie ether place-s. Myfelfedid plant fomefhootes thereof in my garden, and fome in Flaunders did the like: but the coldnes of our Clymate made an end of mine,and I thinke the Flemmings will haue the like profit of their labour. tv The time. This Cane is planted at any time of the yeere in thofe hot countries where it doth naturally growe, by reafon theyfeare nofroftes to hurt the yoong fhootes at their firft planting;, it The names. The Latines haue called this plant '^Trundo Saccharina, with this additament Indie a •• bicaufeit was firft known,or brought from India. Offome it is called Calamus Saccharatm : in Englifh Sugar Canerin Dutch 0 UptC&Cl‘U£Dc* ic T he nature and venues. The Sugar or iuice of this Reede is of a tempe- A ratequalitie: it drieth andclenfeththe ftomacke, maketh fmooth the roughnefteof thebreaft and lungs,cleereth tire voice, and puteth away hoarfe- nes,the cough, and all fowrenes and bitternes, as Jfaac faith in Diffis. AT- •& The vfe. Of the iuice of this Reede is made the molt pjeafant and profitable fweete,called Sugar,where- of is madeinfiniteconfedtiQns3Confedtures,firupes,andfuchlike,as alfo preferuing and conleruing of fundrie truits ,berbes and flow res‘is Ro fes,Violets, Rofemary, flowres, and fiich like, which full retaine with them the name of Sugar,as Sugar Rofet,Sugar Violet ^c.The which to write of would require a peculiar volume,and not pertinent vnto this biltorie,for thatit is not my purpofe to make bfrn'y booke a confedtloifaiie, a Sugar bakers furnace, a gentlewomans preferuing pan, nor yet art apothecaries ftiop or difpenfatorie,butoneIy to touch the chiefeft matter that I piirpofed to handle in the beginning;that is,the nature,properties,and defcriptions of plants.Notwithftandinglthinke it not amijTe to.lhevve vnto you the ordering of thefe Reedes when they be new gathered, as I re- ceiued it fr6m the moiithoY ati Indian my feruant,he faith: They do cut them in fmall peeces,&puc them into a trough made of one whole tree, wherein they put a great ftone in maner ofatnilftone, whereunto thev tie a horfe, bufle, or fome other beaft which dravveth it roundc: in which trough., they put thofe peeces of Canes, and lb crufh and grinde them,as we do the barkes of trees for Tan¬ ners, or apples for Cyder. But in fom^places they vfe a great wheele, wherein flanes do tread and walke,as dogs dointurning-tH'efpftjihd fome.orhei 4 dQ feede as it were thebottome of the laid wheele, wherein are fome fharpe or hard things, which dobutand cruflh the Canes into powder, Andlomelikewile haue found the inuention to turne the wheele with water workes, as we do our iron mils. The Canes being thus brought into duft or powder, they do put them into great caul¬ drons Ayith a little water, where they boile vntill there be no more fweetenes left in the crufhed t'dede. Thpn - db J tnfcy ftrarne them through mats- and fueh like things, and put the liquor to boile add mb t/rirb fh<» rnnflftpWre of bonie. which heinpcold. is like vnto land both in fhewC and hand- Sugar bakers artificially purged and refilled tO'th r af ) whitbhes,as we lee Of THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Oftheflowing c Reede. Chaj>.z6. Hat undoflorid*. Flowring Reedc. # The defer iption. F Lourifhing Reedc hath a thick and fat flalke, of fower orfiue foote high, great belowneerc the ground,andfmaller toward the top, taper wife: whereupon do grow very faire brode leaues, full of ribs or fineweslike vnto Plantaine, in (hape refembling the leaues of white Hellebor, or the great Gentian, but much broder and larger euery way. At the top of which flalks do grow fantaftike flowers, of a greene or herbie colour; which being faded, there followe round, rough, and prickly knobsjlike thofe of Sparganium or Water burre,of a browne colour, and from the middle of thofe knobs three fmall leaues. The feede contained in thofe knobs is exceeding black, of a perfect round- nes, of the bignes of the fmalleft peafe. The roote is thicke, knobby and tuberous,with ccrtaine fmall threds fixed thereto. & The place. It groweth in Italie,in the garden of Padua,and many other places of thofe hot regions. Myfelfe haue planted it in my garden diuers times, but ic neuer came to flowring or feeding, for that it is very impatient to endure the iniurieof ourcolde climate. The time. It muff bee fet or fowen in the beginning of April!, in a pot with fine earth, orinabedmade of horfe dung, and fbme earthfirawed thereon, in fuch manner as Cucumbers and muskeMe¬ lons are. The names. The name Arundolndica is diuerfly attributed to fundrie of the reedes,but principally vnto this: called of IiObelius Cannae or us : of others Arundoflorida , and Harundoflorida : in Englifh the Flow- ringReede. & The nature and vertues. There is not any thing fet downe as touching the temperature and vertues of this Flourifhing reede,either of the ancients,or of the new or later writers. Of "Taper Teede, Cbap.zj. •kThe defeription. P Aper Reede hath many large flaggie leaues, rough in handling, and Iikewife tough,rifing im¬ mediately from a tuft of rootes compact of many firings, among the which fhooteth vp naked flalks,fquare and rough: at the top whereof doth fland a tuft or bundle ofehaffie threds fet in comly or der,refembling a tuft of flowers,but barren and void of feede. 37 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Papyrus Nihtica. Paper Reede. it The place. This kinde of reede doth growe in the borders of riuers about Babylon,neere the citie Alcaire, in the borders of the riuer Nilus, and fuch other places of thofe countries. -- - it The time. The time of fpringing and flouri(Tiing,anfwcrcth that of the common reede. - it The names. This kinde of reede, which I haueenglifhed Pa¬ per reede ,or Paper plant,is the fame,(as Idoteadc^f that paper was made of in Egypt, before the inuen- tion of paper made oflinnen clouts, was found out. It is thought by men of great learningind vnder- ftanding in the Scriptures, and let downe by them for truth, that this plant is the fame reede mentio¬ ned in the fecond chapter of Exodus: whereofwas made that basket of cradle , which was dawbed within and without with flime of that cotintry, cal¬ led Bitumen Iudaicim^ wherein 'JMofes was put be¬ ing committed to the water, when Pharaoh gaue commandement that all the male children of the Hebrues fhould be drowned. it The nature , vert ties and vje. The rootes of Paper reede doth nourifh : as may A appeere by the people of Egypt, which do vie to chew them in their mouthes,and (wallow down the iuice: finding therein great delight andcomfort. The afhes burned, afiwage and cpnfume hard apoftumes, tumors and corrafiue vlcers in any I part of the bodie,but chiefly in the mouth. The burnt paper made heerof doth performe thofe effects more forcibly. C The (talks heerof haue a Angular v(e and priuilege in opening the chanell or hollow pafiages of D the Fiftula,being put therein: for they do (wel,as doth the pith of Elder,or a tent made of a fponge. The people aboutNtfus do vletoburne the Ieaues and (talks,but efpecially the rootes. E The frailcs wherein they put raifons and figs, arc (omtimes made heerof; but generally with the F herbe Spar turn > deferibed in the next chapter. OfzyVfat JVecde . Qiaj).i%. it Thekindes. * l; | There be diuers kindes of Mat Weedes,as fhall be declared in their feucrall deferiptions. it The dejeription . He herbe Spartum , as Pliny faith, growethof it (elfe, andfendeth foorth from the roote a multitude of (lender rufhie Ieaues, of a cubit high or higher, tough and plia¬ ble,of a hoarie colour, which in time draw narrow togither, making the flat leafeto become round, as is the rufh. The (tub or ftalke thereof beareth at the top certaine feather-like tufts comming foorth of a fheath or huske, among the which chaffie husks is con¬ tained the feede,Iong and chaffie.The roote confifteth of many firings,folding one within another, by meanes whereof it commeth to the forme of a turfe or hafiocke. 2 The fecond likewife Plinie defiribeth to haue a long ftalke,not vnlike to reede,but leflernvhere- upon do grow many graflie leaues,rough and pliant, hard in handling as are the rufhes. A fpokie chaffie tuft groweth at the top of the ftalke, comming foorth of a hood or finewie fheath, fuch as inciofeth the flowers of Onions, leekeSjNarciftiis, and fuch like before they come to flowring, with (eede and rootes like the precedent, C 5 t Spartum 38 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I Spar turn Plinij Clujto . plinteslAix. Weede. 2 Spur turn altcrum Plirrij. Hooded Mat Weede. 3 ■ Spar turn ^Anglic amtm Englifh Mat Weede. 4 Spar turn Anglicanum alteram* Small Englifh Mat Weede. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 39 3 EnalilL Mat wecde hath a rufhie roote, decpely creeping and growing in heapes of fand and grauellM'rom the which arife ftiffe and fharpe pointed leaues, afoote and a half- long. Theftalke grovveth to the height of a cubite,whereupon doth grow a vvoollie lpike like vnto fpike graffe 3 wher- m is contained a chaffie fcede.Of this plant neither iheepe nor any other cattle will tafte or cate. 4 The other Eriglifh Mat weede is like vnto the former, failing that the rootes of this arc long, notvnhketodoFs grafie 3 butdonotthruft deepeinto the ground as the former do 3 butcreepeon- ly vnder the vpper cruft of the earth: the tuft or care is greater., refembling the Foxetaile graffe. # Theplace. Thefe kinds of Mat weede do grow in Italy and Spaine 3 and other countries adioyningdike wife in many places of England neere vnto the feafide 3 efpecially in the weft parts : about Norfolkealfo and Suffolke in great plentic. The time. The time anfwereth the other reedes. c ic The names. Mat weede is called in Latin Spartum, although there be another Spartum,\vhich is a kind ofSpa- nifh broome: and to make a difference of them,this is called Spartum herba , and that other Spartum frutex. In Prouence in Fraunce they call it Olpho: in Spanifh Albardin: in Englifh Mat weede. it The nature , vertues and vfe. Thefe kinds of graflie or rather rufhie reede 3 haue no vfe in phifick 3 but ferue for to make mats and A hangings forchambers 3 frailes 3 baskets 3 andfuch like. The people ofthe countries where they grow 3 do make beds of them 3 ftrawe their houfes and chambers in fteede of rufhes, for which vfe they do excell 3 as my felfe haue feene in the worfhipfull Mafter Cooke his houfe in Holborne 3 which is vfually ftrowed therewith in winter. They do likewife in fundry places of the Hands of Madera 3 Canaria 3 Saint Thomas 3 and other of B the Hands in the trad vnto the weft Indies, make of them their bootes, fhooes, herdmens cotes a fires and lights. It is very hurtfull for cattell 3 as is that of Sheeregrafle. Of Camels haie. Qhap.zy. r I Sccenanthum. 2 Sccenanthtm adulterinwn. Camels Hay. Baftard Camels Hay. 40 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE k The defeription. i Amels haie hath leaues very like vnto Cyperus, his rootes are many, in quantitie meane, S fulloffmallhairesorthrcds, proceeding from the bigger roote, deepely growing in the ground, hauing diuers long ftalks like Cyperus grafle, let with fome (mailer leaues, euen vnto the top:where do grow many final! chaffie tufts or pannicles like vnto thofe of the wilde Otes, of a realbnable good finell and fauour when they are broken, of thefauour of the Roicj with a cer- taine biting and nipping of the toong. a The baftard Camels haie hath long crambling rootes, creeping vnder the vpper face of the earth in maner of the Couch grafle: the ftalkes are like to Cyperus, fet with long wheaten leaues ,at euery knot one, and toward the ground mo, by equall diftances: the fpikie earc or creft is chaffie, not vnlike to the Foxetaile grarfe, but longer and bigger, fomewhat refembling barley, without line II. k The place. They grow in Africa,Nabathsea,and Arabia,they areftrangers in thele northerne regions. k The time ♦ Their time anfwereth the other reedes and flags. k The names. Camels haie is called in Greeke yflvQ- fyayAvm : in Latin luncus odor at us, and Scoenanthum , in (hops Squirt ant hum, that is, Flos Iunci : in French P of ear de chammeau ; in Englifh Camels haie, and Squinant. k The nature. They do heate moderately, and are aftringent. k The vertues. A Camels haie prouoketh vrine,mooueth the tearmes, and breaketh windeabout the ftomacke. B It caufeth aking and heauines of the head: Galen yeeldeth this reafon thereof, bicaufeit health moderately and bindeth with tenuitie of parts. C According to Diofcorides his iudgement, it diflolueth knottie and hard lumps in any part of the bodie. , . D The flowers or chaffie tufts are profitable in drinke, for them that pifle blood any waies: it is gi- uen in medicines,that are miniftred to cure the pains and griefes of the guts,ftomacke,lungs, liner, and raines 5 the fulnes, lothfomncs, and other defeats of the ftomacke, the dropfiej convulfions or (hrinkingof finewes. E The fame boiled in wine helpeth the inflammation of the matrix, if the woman do fit ouer the fume thcreof,and bath hir (elfe often with it alio. QfHurre^iede. Chap.^o. k The defer iption. 1 ► He firft of thefe plants hath long narrow leaues, which are double edged, or ftiarpe on both fides,with a fharpe creft on the back fide,infuch manner railed vp, that itfeemeth to be triangled or three (quare. The ftalks grow among the leaues, and are two or three fbote long, being diuided into many branches, garnifhed with many prickly husks or knops, of the bignes of a nut. The roote is full ofhairie firings. 2 The great Water Burrediffereth not in any thing from the firft kinde in rootes or leaues, faue that the firft hath his leaues rifing immediately from the tuft orknopof the roote : but this kinde hath a long ftalke comming from the roote, whereupon (a little aboue the earth ) the leaues fihootc out, round about the ftalke fucceffiuely, fome leaues ftill growing aboue others, euen to the top of the ftalke, and from the top thereof downwards by certaine diftances. It is garnifhed with many round wharles or rough coronets, hauing here and there among the faid wharlesone (ingle (hort Icafe,of a pale greene colour. s: h I Sparganium HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 l I SpArganium. Burre Reede. 2 SpArganium loti folium. Great Water Burre. & The place. Both thefe kindes are very common throughout England, and do growe in moift medowes 3 and neerc vnto water courfes.They plentifully growin the fennie grounds of Lincolnfhire,and fuch like places, in the ditches about Saint George his fields, and in the ditch right againft the place of exe¬ cution, at the end of Southwarke neere London,called Saint Thomas Waterings. He The time. They bring foorth their burric bullets,or feedie knots in Auguft. # The names. Thde plants of fome are called Sparganium. TheophraBus in his fourth booke and eighteenth chapter calleth them Butomus.oi fome rBatanarUMaft.tr Lytchzxh called them Reede Mace,which name is not very proper in mine opinion: I rather call them Burre Reede. In the Arabian toong they are called Sa far he Bamon: in Italian Sparganio: of Dodonem Carex, & The nature. They are cold and drie of complexion. # The vertices. Some write, that the knops or rough burres of thefc plants boiled in wine, are good againft the bitings ofvenemous beafts,if either they be drunke,or the wound wafhed therewith. c Of Cats taile. Chap.y., # The defeription. Ats taile hath long, rough, thicke andflaggie Ieaues, full of a fpungious matter, like mar- row,among which leaues,groweth vp a long fmooth naked ftalke, without knot or ioint, fa- fhionedlikeafpeare, of a firme or folide fubftance, hailing at the top a browne knop or eare, foft. 4 z THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE fiift, thicke and finooth 3 (eeming to be nothing ellebut a deale of flocks thicke fet and thrud togi- t'her,which being ripe turneth into a do wne,and is caried away with the winue.The rootes be hard, thicke and white/ull of drings 3 and good to burne 3 where there is plentie thereof to be had. Typha. Cats taile. # The place. Itgrowethin pooles 3 and fuch like Handing wa- ters 3 and fometimes in running dreames. Ihauefound a fmaller kinde heerof growing in the ditches and marfhie grounds in the me of She- pey 3 going from Sherland houfe to Feuerfham. •fr The time. They flower and beare their mace or torch, in Iuly andAugud. -fr The names. They are called in Greeke m<pn : in Latine Typha: of feme Ceftruw Morionis : in French CMarteau, <JMa(fes : in Dutch and£> 0 ltfetU in Italian c JWazza fir da : inSpanifh Behordo, and Iunco am&corodaco : in Englifh Cats taile, and Reede mace. Of this Cats taile driliophanes maketh mention in his Dialog of Frogs, where he bringeth them foorth one talking with another, being very glad that they had (pent the whole day in skipping & leaping inter Cyperwn and Phleum , among Galingale and Cats taile. otrid (eemeth to name this plant Scirpus , for he termeth the mats made of the leaues. Cats taile mats, asinhisfixt booke Fastorum^ isft Dominies, difcedite,ait % plausirocp moyantes , v> v iA ^ SuJlulit, in plaufirofiirpea matt afuit. . i ’ .< ' r # The nature. It is cold and drie ofcomplexion. ^ The<vertues. ‘ - r: 'c • ' A The foft downe (lamped with fwines greale well wafhed,healeth burnings or fealdings with (ire or water. . \ ". AT v B Some praditioners by their experience haue found,that the downe oftheCatstaile beaten with the leaues ofBetonie,the rootes of Gladiole^and the kaues of HippogloJJbn into powder,and mixed with the yelks of egs hard (odden, andfo eaten;' is accountcdaLrftod perfed medicine, againd the di(ea(e in children called in Greeke Er7^;it>^whidhis 3 when die gut called Intefiimm cMum, is fallen intothecods. This medicine mud be minidred ettery day fading for the (pace of thirde daies 3 the quantitie whereof to be minidred at one timef* 13. This berrrg'vfed 5 'as. 4 efore is (perilled, doth _not onely helpe children and driplings, but growen men al(o 3 if in time of their cure 3 they vie convenient ligature or truflings, and fit confounding plaifters vpon the greened place, according to art appointed for that purpofe in chirurgerie, vr yf : C This downe in (orne places of the lie of Ely^and the lowe countries adioining thereto, is gathe¬ red and well (bld 3 to make mattrefies of 3 for plowmen and poore people. D It hath been alfo often prooued,to heale kibed or humbled heeles(as they are termed ) being ap- plied to them,either before or after the skin is broken. Of Stitclnvoort. Chap .3 1 . 1 P Titchwoort, or (as Rue lines termeth it) HoloHenm, is of two kindes, and hath roundtendcr dalks 3 full ofioints, leaning toward the ground. Ateuery ioint grow two leaues one againd another. The flowers be white, compari of many fmall leaues,fet in the maner of a dar. a The „ HISTORIE <OF PLANTS. . t 4j 2 The fecond is like the former in fhapeof leaues and flowers,wljfcb ate let in forme of a ftar,buc the leaues are orderly placed, and in good proportion by couples two togither,being ofawhiulli colour, deciining to crimfen: when the flowers be vadSd,then followe the feedesjwbich are mclofed in round bullets like the feede of flaxe. - l *'- . * • *s i GramenLeucanthemiem. 2 GramenLetuanthemwnalterum. Stitchwoort, < ^ Siuill Stitchwoort. r •k The place. They growe in the borders of fields vpon bank fides and hedges 3 almofl euery where. & The time. They flourifh all thefbmmer,efpecially in May and Iune. k The names. The Grecians call this plant exfcw: in Latine Tota ojfea : in Englifh All-bonie: whereof I fee no reafon ,except it be by the figure otf ntonomia , as when we fay in Englifh, He is an honefl man, our meaning is, that he is a knaue. For vndoubtedly this is a tender herbe, lightly braied or pound, ha« uing no liich bonie or tough fubflance in him, according to the fignification of his Greeke name. Wherefore I take it to be fo called by contraries: commonly in Englifh Stitchwoort. ic The nature. The feede of Stitchwoort, as Galen writcth,is fharpe or biting to him that tafleth it :and to him that vfeth it, very like to Mill. k The vertues. They are woont todrinkeitin wine with the powder of Acornes, againflthe paine in the fide, A flitches,and fuch like. Diners report, faith Dio/corides , that the feede of Stitchwoortbeingdrunke, cauleth a woman B to bring foorth a man childe,if after the purgation of hir ficknes before fhe conceiue, (he do drinke it falling thrife in a day,halfe a dram at a time,in three ounces of water many daies togither, : of r i t THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE OfSpidcrmort. £bap.fy /» phalangzumnonramojfm. Vnbranched Spiderwoort, i PhxLngium rmofurn. BranchedSpiderwoort. "*2 Phalangitm^ nonrmofm. .... ; 3 The deferi^tion. 1 He obfeure defeription which Diofcorides I and Pliny haue fet down for Phulangium, hath bred much contention among wri¬ ters , (ome affirming that Phalangium is Plinies Maly , in which error Dodoneus perfifteth. This plant phalangium, hath leaues much like Couch gnile, but they are fomewhat thicker and fatter, and of a more whitifh greene colour. The ftalks grow to theheigbt of a cubit. The top of the ftalkc is befet with (mall branches, gamifhed with many little white flowers, compa&of fixe little leaues. The threds or thrums in the middle are whitifh, fixed with a faire yellow, which being fal!en,there followe blacke feedes, inclofed in final! round knobs, which be three cornered. The rootes are many,tough,and white of colour. 2 The fecond is like the firft, but that his ftalke is not branched as the firft, and flowreth not in a moneth after. • 3 The third kinde of Spiderwoort,which Carolus Clufius nameth t^ffbhodelm minor, hatharooteof many threddie firings, from the which immedi¬ ately rife vp graffie leaues , narrow and fharpe pointed: HISTOTUE OF PLANTS. 45 pointed: among the which come foorth diuers naked ftraight ftalks, garnifhed on euery fide with faireftar-like flowers from the middle to the top, of colour reddifh, withcertainechiuesor threds in them.The fcede folio weth inclofed in fin all crefted knobs,like vnto the kindes of Afphodils. # The plate. All thefe kindes gro we in my garden: but not wilde in England, The time* 1 The firft flowrcth in the beginning of Iune. 2 The fccondflourifheth in the end of Iuly,and his feede is ripe in September. The names. The firft is called of the Latines andlate herbarifts, phatangium, bicaufe of his vertues againft the biting of the fpider Phalan : in Englifh it is called Spiderwoort; and furely it may well be io cal¬ led for this caufe likewife; The leaues being growen to their greatnes, ftand vpon the ground with long legs, and the knees bowing vp like the Tpiders legs when he creepeth : and the whole tuft in the middle refembling the bodie ofthe fpider. Cordus calleth it Lilli ago, & The nature, Calen faith,all the kindes are of a drying qualitie,by reafon of their tenuitie ofparts. & The vertues. Diolcorides faith, that the leaues, feede and flowers, or any of themdrunke in wine, preuaileth A againft the bitings of fcorpions,and againft the flinging and biting of the fpider called Phalan , and all other venemous beafts. The rootes tunned vpin new” ale, anddrunke for a moneth togithcr, expellct^poifon, yeaal-B though it had yniuerfally fpred it felfe through the bodie. / A ry ' ■ S ^ r ■ ~ / j • • j \ \ 1 '■ ' • 1 ) Of the Flower deduce. Chap. 34 - Jodi m ! n; lie* .'v : The kindes. Here be many kindsof Iris, or Flower de-luce,whereof fome are tall and great, fome little, (mail and lowe, fome finell exceeding fweeteintheroote, fome haue not anie finell at all: fome flowers are fweetc in finell, and fome without, fome of one colour, fomeofmanycoloursmi^ed : vertues;attributed to fome, others not remembred: fomehaue tuberous or khdbbie rootes . Others Bulbus or Onion rootes: fomehauc _„t_1-1 _ rr ■ i eaues like flags,others like grafle or rdftes. . . . ~ ., * J 1 j ‘.l -' * tejcription. 1 ^ He common Flower de-luce hath long and large flaggie leaues,Iike the blade of a fworde, with two edges, amongft which fpring vpftnooth and plaine ftalkes, two foote long, bearing flowers toward the top, compact of fixe leaues ioined togither, whereof three ihafftande vpright are bent inward ofte^oward another, and in thofc leaues that hang downwarde, there are certaine rough or hairie wclts,growing or rifing from the neather part of theleafe vpward, aftnaft of a yellow colour. The rootes bethicke, long and knobby, with many hairie threeds hang- ing thereat. .ODid-cb o x- 2 The water Flower de-luce or water flag,or baftard Ac or us > is like vnto the garden Flower de-luce in rootes leaues and ftalks, but theieaues sare&nuch longer, fomtimes ofthe height of fower cubits, and altogether narrower : the£owerisof a perfed yellow colour, and therootc knobbie like the other, but being cut 9 it feemeth to be of the colour of raw flefh, ariT s ’ ' I lm THE FIRST BOOKS OF THE l Iris vulgaris. Flower de-luce. 2 IrispaluHrUlutea, Water flags 3 or Flower de-luce. ^ # The place. The water Flower de-iuce or yellow flag, profpereth well in moifl: medowes 3 and in theborders and brinkes of riuers,ponds,and (landing lakes. And although it be a water plant ofnature, yet be- ingplanted in gardens, itprolpereth well. I "rgsgg 3391, Thefe flowerin'May and Iune,bnnging foorth their fqwarecQds/ulI ©flame yellowifhfe'feed^ Joined or piled togitherlike little chcefes. ‘ Th e names, , . - ' Flower de-lhce is called inGreeke : CAthenem and Theophufim dare^de l*ur. as though they fllohld (aV ^Cmfetrairix'^y Which name it is alfo called oft^L at ms^Raitfx maric& * or rather Radix Naronica , of the tiuer Naron, by which the bed and greatefl (tore do grbweiwhereupon 2 S Tjcander in his Treacles commendeth it thus, ■. •- .•* Iridem quam aluit Drilon & Tparonis ripa* .-.Vyjhichmay.thusbeEngliihed; :f .. ; m . . H X 3 Jr if', which Drib# water feedes, — me , i , ' An diV4/^ ban^ke with other weedes. , . v £?d '^eitaliaps * n Spanifh LilioCardenp .‘in French Wtmhei the.Germainefe«fi|^ 0 itji jn Dutch fttficft. . ..... . fl ■ d 50 Hgnoitjntsri*) m a»df Thcicconcl is called in Latine, irispalusirislutea, Pfcudoacorus, and Acorm fduHrisz iriEuglilh, Water Ifags, Bafiard Flower de-luce,or water Flowre de-luce. . . *y> ... r : • ;-% r -.*!r;T: ad] yjrtv o ' I ' ieThenature* ".... tojb ;< s y.:\- i Ti,fc footes of the Flovyre de-luce being as yet frefli andgreene,and full of iuice, are hot almofl in thQibiixth degree.The:dried rootesarehotand drieinthethirde degree, burningthtfdiroate and mouthjofftich as taftethereto•. adi&dSsfrhimaalst -jud* lodaud a The HISTORIE PLANTS. 47 2 The baflard Flower deduce, his roote is colde and dri,e in the third degree, and of an a ft tin gent or binding facultie. * ... # The -vertues. The roote of the common Flower deduce cleane wafhed and ftampcd 3 vvith'a fewc droj)sof rofe A water, and laideplaifldr wife vpon the face of ma,q or woman, doth in two daies at the moil, take away the blacknes or ble wnes of any flroke or brude: fo that if the skin of the fame woman, or anie other perfon,be very tender and delicate; itiEaJlbeneedfullthatyeelaie a pceceof filke, findail; or a peece of fine latine betweene the plaifter and the skin: for otherwife in fuch tender bodies, ic often caufeth heate and inflammation. The iuicc of the fame doth not onely mightily and vehemently drawe foorth choler, but moft B efpecially waterifh h^mours,and is a fpecial and fingular purgation forthem that haue the drppfie, if it be drunke in whaie o'rfbme other liquor, that may fopa what temper and alaie his heatc. The drie rootes attenuate or make thin thicke and tough humors, which arc hardly and with dif- C ficultie purged away. They are good in aloche or licking medicine for fhortnes of breath, an old cough, and all infir- D mi ties of the cheft, which rife heereupon. They remedie thofe that haue euill fpleenes, and thofe that are troubled with convulfions orE cramps,biting of ferpents,andtherunningoftheraines,beingdrunkewith vineger, as faith Diof- cor ides ; and drunke with wine,it bringeth downe the monthly courfe of women. The deco&ion is good in womens bathcs,for it mollifieth and openeth the matrix. Being boiled very foft,and laid to plaiftcrwife,mollifieth or fbfteneth the kings euill,and old hard fwcllings. • v ' ^ . v. Of Flower deduce of Florence • Chap . 35 . p* o 4 8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE f c • i*. c ~ — ' : it T he deftrripticn. He Fower de-luce of Florence, wholero,q£es in {hops and generally eucry where, are cal¬ led//-^,or Ome, (whereof fwecte waters, fweete powders, and fuch like are made,) is al- ^ t ogither like vnto the common Flower de-luce,fatiipg that the flowers of this 7 r<w is of a white'colour,and therootes exceeding fweete of fmeli,and the other of no finell at all. i the' white Flower .de-luce is like vnto the Florentine Flower de-luce in rootes, flaggie Ieaues j n d ftalkes,btit .they differ in that, that this iris hath his flower of a bleake white colour, declining 1 yelIownes,and the rootes haue not any fmeli at afljbut the other is very fweete,as we haue find. 2 a to dnc ^ iris Dalmatic a maioir . Great Flower de-luce of Dalmatia. 4 irisDdmaticaminor. ■<’ Small Dalfnatica Iris. ' :; - uiOiT.-r.i:. wV\ f YhU- it The deferiptk-a. 3 The great Flower de-luce of Dalmatia, hath leaucs much broader, thicker and more clofely compa&togitherthcn any of the other, and let in order like wings, or the fins of a whale fifh, greene toward the top, and of afhining purple colour toward the bottome, cuen to the ground: among which rifeth vp a ftalke of fewer foote high,as my felfe did mcafiire oft in my garden: wher- upon doth grow faire large flowers,of a light blcwgor(as we terme it)a watchetcolour.The flowers do fmeli exceeding fweete,much like the Orenge flower. The feedesarccontcinedinfquare cods, wherein are packt togithcr many fuch flat feedcs like the former. The rootc hath no (melD U. 4 The (mall Flower de-lucc of Dalmatia is in (hew like to the precedent, but rather reft ding IrisBiflora., being both of one ftature, (mall and dwarfe plants in relpedofthe greater. The flowers be of a more blew colour. They flower likewile in May as the others do, but beware that yee neuer cad; any colde water vpon them prefently taken out of a well: for their tendernes is fuch that they will wither immediately, and rot away, as I my felfe haueprooued: but thofe which I left at the fame time vnwatred,liue and profper to this day. t.'.YT 5 Irii HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 49 5 Irii Eiflord . Twite flowring Flower de-luce. 7 Irii Pannonica . Portingale Flower de-luce. 6 Irii VioUeex. Violet Flower de-luce. 8 IriiC&mcrarij. Germane Flower de-luce. THE FIRST EOOKE OF THE 5° The defer ip ion, 5 This kinde of Flower de-luce came firft from Portingale to vs. It bringeth foorth in the Ipring time flowers of a purple or violet colour, fmclling like a violet, with a white hairie welt do wne the middle. The roote is thicke and fhort, ftubborneorhardetobreake. Inleaues and fhevv it is like to the lefler Flower de -luce of Dalmatia, buttheleaucs be more Ipred abroad, and it commonly hath but one flower vpon one ftalke, which in Autumne flowreth againe, and bringeth foorth the like flowers,for which caufe it was called Iru bijlora. 6 jris violxccA is like vnto the former, but much fmaller,and the flower is of a more deepc violet colour. ^ The defeription. 7 Carolus Cltifimfnax. excellent and learned father of Herbarifts,hath fet foorth in his pannonick Epitome the pufture of this beautifull Flower dc-luce,with great broad leaues, thicke and fat, of a purple colour neerc vnto the ground,like the great Dalmatian Flower de-luce, which it doth verie well relemble. The roote is very fweete when it is dric, and ftriucth with the Florentine Iris in fweet- nes. The flower isofall the other moft confuledly mixed with fundry colours, infomuch that my pen cannot fet downe euery line or ftreake as it deferueth. The three leaues that ftande vpright do clalpe or embrace one another,and are of a yellow colour. The leaues thatlooke downwarde about the edgcs,arc of a pale coIour,the middle part ofwhite,mixed with a line of purple,and hath many fmall purple lines ftripped ouer the faid white flower, euen to the brim of the pale coloured edge.lt finclleth like the Hawthorne flowers,being lightly fmelled vnto. 8 The Germaine Flower de-luce, which Camerarim hath let foorth in his booke named Hoy tut Medicm, hath great thicke and knobby rootes: the ftalke is thicke and full of iuice: the leaues be ve¬ rie broad in refped of all the reft of Flower de-luces. The flower growethatthetopof the ftalke, conflfting of fixe great leaues,blew of colour, welted downe the middle, with white tending to yel- lo we, at the bottome next the ftalke it is white of colour, with fome yellownes fringed about the faidewhite, as alio about the brims or edges, which fetteth foorth greatly his beautie, the which Joachimus Camerarim, the lonne of old Camerarim of Noremberg, had fent him out of Hungarie, and did communicate one of the plants thereof vnto Clufm , whofe figure he hath moft liuely fet foorth with this, defcription; differing lomewhat from that, that Ioachimm himlelfc did giue vnto me at his being in London. The leaues faith he,are very large, twifefobroad as any of the others. The ftalke is fingle and finooth,the flower groweth at the top of a moft bright fhining blew colour, the middle rib tending to whitenes, the three vpper leaues ibmwhat yellowifh. The roote is like- wife Iweete a s ireos. •fy The place. Thclekindes of Flower de-luces do growe wilde in Dalmatia, Goritia and Piedmont 5 notwith- ftandingour London gardens are very well ftored with euery one of them. The time. Their time of flowring anfwereth the other Flower de-luces. The names. The Dalmatian Flower de-luce is called in Greek of ^Athenam & Theophrallm leva it is named alfo ov&evU, of the Heauenly bowe,or Rainbow: vpo the fame occafion SatyW*, or Admirableffcr the Poets Ibmetime do call the Rainbowe : in Latin Iris , and in Englifh Flower de-Iucc. Their feuerall titles do flifficicntly diftinguifti them,whereby they may beknowen one from another. •& The nature. The nature of thele Flower de-luces are anfwerable to thole of the common kinde, that is to fay, the drie rootes are hot and drie in the latter end of the fecond degree. Thevertues. A The iuice of thele Flower de-luces doth not onely mightily and vehemently draw foorth ch oler, but moft: cl[3ecially watrifh humors, and is a Angular good purgation for them that haue the drop- fie ,ifit bedrunkein Iweete woort or whay. B The fame is good for them that haue euill fplecnes,or that are troubled with cramps or convul- fions, and for fuch as are bit with ferpents. It profiteth alfo much thole that haue the Gonorrhey or running of the raines, being drunke with vineger as Biofcorides faith: and drunke with wine they bring downe the monethly termes. J Iris HI STORIE OF PLANTS. Of:variable Flower deduce. Chap. 3 6. I Iris luted variegata. Variable Flower de-luce. 2 Iris Chalcedonica. Turkie Flower de-luce* # Fhe defer ip tion. 1 ►nr-* Hat which is called the Flower de-luce of many colours, lofeth his Icaues in winter, and in the Ipringe time recoucreth them a newe. I am not able to exprelfe the fundry co¬ lours and the mixtures, contained in this flower. It is mixdd with purple,yellowe, blacke, white,and a fringe or thrum downe the middle of the lower leaues, of a whitifh yellow tipped or frizcd,and as it were a little railed vp: of a deepe purple colour necre the ground. 2 The fecond kind hath long and narrow leaues of a blackifh greene, like the (linking Gladdon, among which rife vp (lalkes two foote long, bearing at the top ofeuery ftalkconc flower, corn- pad of fixe great leaues. The three that ftande vpright are confulcdly and very (Irangely dripped, mixed with white and a duskifh blacke colour. The three leaues that hang downward are like a ga¬ ping hood,and are mixed in like maner; but the white is nothing fo bright as of the other, and arc as it were lhadowedouer with a darke purple colour, lomcwhat fhining: lo that according to my iudgement, the whole flower is of the colour of a Ginnie hen:a rare and beautiful flower to behold. # The defeription. 3 The French Flower dc-luce (whereof alio there is another of the fame kinde, alrogithcr lefler,) haue their rootes without any fauour. Infhew they differ little from the garden Flower de-luce,buc thatthcle latter are altogither flenderer, and vnplcafant in tafle, growing plentifully in the rough crags of the rocks vnder the Alpes,and neerc vnto the lea. The which Pena found in the graflie gra- lielly grounds of the fea coafles ncere to Montpellier. The learned dodor slffeattus a long time l'up- pofed it to be Mediwn Diofeoridcs: Matthiolus deceiued himlelfe and others, in that he laid, that the rooteofthis plant hath thefentof the peach: but my felfe haue prooued it to be without la- uour at all. It yeeldcth his flowers in June, which are of all the reft moll like vnto the grade Flower dc-luce. The tafte of his roote is hot,bitter,and with much tenuicie ofparts,as hath becne found by phificallproofe. P 2 3 Iris THE FIRST B0OIE OF THE 3 Iru fylwflru Bizantina. Wilde Bizantine Flower de-luce.* The defer}pt ton. 4 Narrow leafed Flower de-luce hath an infi¬ nite number of graffie leaues , much like vnto reede, among which rifevp manyftalkes, much fhorter than the leaues. On the endes of the fame fpringfoorth two, fometirnes three , right fweetc &pleafantflowerSjCoirjpadlofnine leaues. Thofe three that hang downward;, are greater than the reffof a purple colour,dripped with white and yel¬ low : but thofe three frnalileaues that appeere next are ofa purple colour without mixture: thofe three thatdand vprightareof an horfeflefh colour, tip¬ ped with purple, and vnder ech of thefe leaues ap¬ peere three fmall browne aglets, like the toong of afinallbird. 5 The final] graffie Flower de-luce,differeth from the former in fmalnes and thinnes of leaues, in other refpedfs there is no difference. & The place. Thefe plants do grow in the gardens of Lon¬ don, amongfl Herbarifts and loners ofpiants. The Tiifkie Flower de-luce came from Con- ftantinople, and doth profper well in my garden, being not planted in oner wet ground. 5 Chamairis t emu folia. Graffe Flower de-luce. 5* HISTORIE OF PLANTS. it The time. They flower from the beginning of March to the end ofMay. - it The names. TheTurkie Flower de-luce is called in the Turkifh toong Alaia Sujiani with this additamenc from the Italians, Bellepint ate, fiippofe d of L'Obelms to be Medium of Diofcorides ; in Englifh French Flower de-luce. it The nature and vert ties. The faculties and temperature of thefe rare and beautifull flowers, are referred to the other A forts of Flower de-luces,whereunto they do very well accord. There is an excellent oyle made of the Flowers and rootes of Flower de-luce, of ech a like quantitie, called Oleum Irinum, made after the fame inaner that oyle of Rofes,Lilies,and fuch like be made: which oile profiteth much to ftrengthen the finews and ioints ,helpeth the crampe,proceeding of repletion, and the difeale called in Greeke Peripneumonia. The flowers of French Flower de-luce diftilled with Diatrion fandalon, and Cinnamom, and the B water drunke,prcuaileth greatly againftthe dropfie,as teftifieth Hollerius and Gefnerw. Offinking Cjladdon . Chappy. I XyrU. Stinking Gladdon. it The defeription, S Tinking Gladdon hath long narrow leaues like Iris, but fmaller, of a darke greene colour; & being rubbed,of aftinking fmell,verie lotli- fome. The ftalks 2re many in number, & round to¬ ward the top,out of which do grow flowers like the Flower de-luce, of an ouerworne blewifh colour, declining to grayifh, or an afh colour. After the flowers be vaded, there commeth great husks or - cods,wherein is contained a red berrie or feede, as big as a peafe.The roote is long and threddie, it The place. Gladdon groweth in many gardens: I haue feene it wildc in many places, as in woods and fhadovvy places neere thefea. it The time. The ftinking Gladdon flowreth in Auguft: the feede whereof is ripe in September. it The names. Stinking Gladdon is called in Latine Spatula faetida: among the apothecaries; it is called alfo Xyris : in Englifh ftinking Gladdon and Spurge- vvoort. it The nature. Gladdon is hot and dry in the third degree. itThevertucs. Such is the facultie ofthe rootes of all the Irides before named, that in pownding them they pro- , . ll °kefhcefing,and purge the head .‘generally all the kinds haue an heating,and extenuating quality. They arc effeduall againft the cough:, they eafily digeft, andconfume the grofle humors, which B arc hardly concodtcd: they purge choler and tough flegme; they procure fleepe, and helpe the eri- pings within the bellie. : ~ - It helpeth the inuoluntarie effufion of naturall feede, as Plinie laith. If it be drunke in wine it Q prouoketh the termes, and being put in bathes for women to fit ouer, itprouoketh the like effeft molt exquifitely. The roote put in maner of a pefiarie, haftneth the birth. They couer with flefh, D 3 bones 1 54 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE bones that be bare 3 being vfed in plaifters. The rootes boiled Toft, and vfed plaiflerwifc 3 foften all old hard tumors,and the fweilings of the throtc 3 called Strumas y that is 5 che Kings cuill; and empla- ftered with honic 3 it draweth out broken bones. D The mcalc thereof 3 heaIcth all the rifts of the fundament,and the infirmities thereof, called Con- dilomata •' and openeth the Hemorrhoides. The iuice fniffed or drawne vp into the nofc, prouoketh fneefing, and draweth downe by the nole great (lore of filthie excrements 3 which would fall into other partSjby fecret and hidden waies and conuciances ofthe channels. E Itprofiteth being vfed in a peffarie 3 to prouoke the termes 3 and to cauie abortion. F It preuailcth much againtf all euill affedions of the bred and lungs 3 being taken in a little fweete winc 3 with fomc Spiknard 3 or in the whaie of milke 3 with a little Mafticke. G Theroote of Xyris or Gladdon,is of great force againd wounds and fradures of the head, for it draweth out all thorncs 3 ftubs 3 pricks and arrow heads 3 without greefc: which qualitic it affedeth as Galen faith 3 by rcafon of his tenuitic of parts 3 and of his attrading, drying 3 and digeding facultie, which chiefely confiftcth in the (eedc or fruite 3 which mightily prouoketh vrine. H Tlierootegiucninvvine, called in-phificke Pijftm, profiteth much againd convulfions 3 rup- turesjthc paine of the huckle bones 3 the drangurie, and the fluxe of the bellie. Where note 3 that Wxhereas it is faid 3 that the potion aboue named ftaieth the fluxe of the bcllie 3 hauing a purging qua- litieric muft be vnderdood 3 that it worketh in that maner as Rhabarbarum,& Afanm do 3 in that they concod and takeaway the caufe ofthe laske 3 otherwife no doubt it mooucthvnto thedoole 3 as Rheubarb.Afarum^nd. the other Iridcs do. Heereof the countrey people of Sommerfetfhire haue good experiencc 3 who vfeto drinke the decodion of this roote. Others do take theinfufion there¬ of in ale and fuch like 3 wherewith they purge thcmfclues ,and that vnto very good purpofe & effed. * The feed therof mightily purgeth by vrine as Galen faith 3 & the cuntry people haue found it true. Of finger. Chap. 38 . i Zinzibevisfiftiim. 2 Zinziberu -verior Icon. The fained figure of Ginger. The true figure of Ginger. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 55 k The defcription. i Inger is moft impatientof the coldnes of thefe our northernc regions, as my felfe haue \ f found by proofe; for thatthere haue been brought vnto me at feuerall times fundry plants thereof,frefh,greene, and fullof iuice,as well from the Weft Indies, as from Barbarie and other places, which haue fprouted and budded foorth greene leaues in my garden in theheateof fommer,but as foone as it hath bin but touched with the firft fharp blaft of winter,it hath prelently perilled both blade and roote* The true forme or pidkire hath not before this time been fet foorth by any thathath written, but the world hath been deceiued by a counterfet figure, which the reue- rent and learned heibarift Mathias L’Obel, did fet foorth in his obferuations. The forme whereof notwithftanding I haue heere exprcfled,with thetrue and vndoubted pidure alfo, which I receiued from L'O beb us hisowne hands at the impreffion heerof. Thecauleof whdfe former error, as alio the meancs whereby he got the knowledge of the true Ginger, mayappecre by hisowne words lept vnto me in Latine,which I haucheere inferted. His words be thefe. How hard and vneertaineitis, todeferibe in words the true proportion of plants, hauing no other guide than skilrulfbut yet deceitfull formes ofthem, lent from friends or other meanes$ they beft do know,who haue deepheft waded in this lea of fimples. About thirty yeeres paft or more,an honeft and expert Apothecarie William Dries, tofatisfie my defire, fentme from Antwerpeto London the pi&ure of Ginger, which he held to be truly andliuelydrawen ; I my felfe gaue him credit eafily, bicaufe I was not ignorant, that there had been oft Ginger rootes brought greene, new,and full of iuice from the Indies to Antwerpe: and further, that the fame had budded and growen in the faid Dries garden. But not many yeeres after,I perceiued that pidure which was fent me by my friend, not to haue been truly fet foorth, but before that time to haue been drawen by the old Germane Botamcus. Therefore not fuffering this error any further tofpread abrode, (which I difeouered not many yeeres paft at Flufhing in Zealand^! the garden of William of 2 {affk- tr Prince ofOrange offamous mernorie 5 through the meanes of a woorthicperlon, if my memorie deceiue me not, called Vunder Mill , at what time he opened, and fooled his firft yoon g buds and fhootes about the end of fommer, refembling in leaues, andftalksof a foote high, theyoong and tender fhootes of the common reede called Harundo'v allatoria:) I thought it conuenient to impart thus much vnto Mafter lohn Gerard an expert herbarift, and Mailer of happiefucceftein Surgerie, to the end he might let pofteritieknow thus much, in the painfull and long labored trauels which now hehathinhand, to the great good and benefit of his countrie. The plant it felfe brought mefo Middleborrough, and fee in u.y garden, perifhed through the hardnes of the winter. Thus much haue I fet downe, truly translated out of his owne words in Latine, though too fauourably by him done to the commendation of my meane skill. k The place. Ginger groweth in Spaine,Barbarie,in the Canarie Hands,and the Acores. Our men which lac¬ ked Domingo in the Indies,digged it vp therein fundry places wildc. k The time. Ginger flourilhetn in the hot time of fommer,and loleth his leaues in winter* k The names. Ginger is called in Latine Zinziber. k The nature. Ginger heateth and drieth in the third degree. k The vertues. Ginger,as Diojcorides reporteth, is right good with meate in fauces, or otherwile in conditures: A for it is of an heating and digeftingqualitie, it gently looleth the bellie, and is profitable for the ftomacke, and effedlually oppofoth it felfe again!! all darknes of the fight, anfwering the qualities andeffedts of Pepper. It is to be confidered, that greene canded or condited Ginger is hot and moift in qualitie,prouoking venerie ;and being dried,it heateth and drieth in the third degree* D 4 t Of THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Of<tAromaticall^Reccies. Chappy, I Calamus i^fromaticm. 2 Acorus^ojfcintsfalso Calamus, AromaticallReede. * Baftard or falfe Calamus. it 7 'he defeription. i His fweete fmelling Reede is of a darkc dun colour, full of ioints and knees eafie to be bro» 1 ken into fmaIifplinters,hollow and full of a certaine white pith, cobweb wife, fomewhat ■ gummie in eating,and hanging in the teeth, and of a fharpe bitter tafte. It is of the thick- nes of the little finger,as Lobelias affirmeth of fome which he had feene in Venice, a Baftard Calamus hath fiaggie leaues like vnto the water Fiower deduce or flag, but narrower, three foote long: the longeft and eldeft of which leaues are within a foote of the top, as it were cur¬ led or pleated confufedly. The reft of theleafeis finooth and euen, among which commeth vp a ftalke like the common reede, which yeeldeth out of the middle a certaine long aglet or bunch, fuch as the After tree bringeth foorth. Ihauenotasyet feeneitbearehis tuft in my garden, and haue read that it is barren, and by proofehaue feene ir fo : yetforallthatIbeleeuec/«/fi%r, who faith he hath feene it beare his flower in that place where it dothgrowe naturally, although in England it is altcgither barren. The roote is fweete in fmell, and bitter in tafte, and like vnto the common Flag. 'k The place. The true Calamus aromatic us groweth in Arabia, and likewife in Siria, efpecially in the moorifh grounds at the foote of Libanus , neere vnto thetowneof Tripoli*, where there is great refortof Englifh marchants,as ofother nations out of moft parts of the world. At which place there is alakc called Anti lib anum , fituated in a valley neer adioining, the which lake in the heat of fommer is drie, in relpedt of the ftorc of water that it doth abound withall in winter. It groweth likewife in the weft: and eaft Indies,in the like foile as aforefaid, . Baftard t ' HISTORIC Of HANTS. 57 Baftard or falfe Calamus doth growe naturally at the foote of a high hill neere to Pruflia,'a citie of Bithynia,not far from a great lake. It profpereth exceeding well in my garden, but as yet it beareth neither flowers nor ftalke.lt groweth alio in Candia^s Plinie reporteth: in Galatia likewifeyand in many other places. •ft The time* They lofe their leaiies in the beginning of winter, and do recouer themagaine in the fpringof the yeere. - . % # The names. There hath bccne from time to time great controuerfie, and many deputations among writers about thefe two names £ damns and ^Acorus. The which hath been taken generally to be one, and the felfe fame plant; which controller fie may eafily be decided, if men that haue trauailedin this * qualitie,had but common fence: for that it is moft euidengthat Acorus is one, and Cdamns another, and both reedes, and yet differ as their deferiptions do fhew* But if mycenfure might be rec.ciued, the errour hath growen through the ignorance of the apothecaries , w ho haue taken for Cdamus a roote called y^icorus : generally I muft confeflfe taken among the ignorant for the true cdamus Aro¬ matic uai the which by tradition hath been obferued to this day; I thinke by reafon that ^Acorus is verie cheape,and cafie to be gotten; and the right deere,and hard to come by. So that the fweete or Aromaticallreede is called in Latine cdamus Aromatic us, and Calamus O dor at us: cAuicen and other of the ancient Arabians,haue called it Cafab and ^Aldiriragd.Seragios Hajjahel-derire . The falfe or baftard Cdamus is called of the Latines ^Acorus, of fome cdamus Aromatic us,but vn» truly: in Italian c_ Acoro : the Arabians Vage, or Vgi : in Greeke Ajw^V, zadAw&v '• of diuers as witnefi feth i^Apuleius, Venereadt is alio called Radix Nautica,Singentiana } Vnguentaria: inEn- glifh after the Latine name, Calamus aromatic us. The nature. Biofcorides faith,the rootes hath an heating facultie: Galen and Plinie do affirme, that they haue thin and lubtill parts,both hot and drie. tfr Thevertues. The dcco&ion of the roote of Calamus drunke,prouoketh vrirte, helpeth the paine in the fide, Ii- A tier, fpleene, and breft: convulfions, gripings,andburftings: it eafeth and helpeth the pilling by drops. It is of great effed, being put in broth or taken in fumes through a dole ftoole, to prouoke wo- B mens naturall accidents. The iuice drained with a little hony,taketh away the dimnes ofthe eies 3 and helpeth much againft C poifon,the hardnes ofthe fpleene, and all infirmities of the blood. The roote boiled in wine, damped and applied plaifterwife vntothe cods, doth woonderfullie D abate the (welling ofthe fame,and helpeth all hardnes and colledtions of humors. Thequantitieof twofcruples and a halfe of the roote drunke in fower ounces of Mu(cadelI,E helpeth them that be brufed with greeuous beating,or fals. The roote is with good fuccefte mixed with counterpoifons. In our age it is put into Eclegmas, F that is, medicines for the lungs, and efpecially when the lungs and cheft are oppreft with rawe and colde humors. The choice. The bed: Acorus as Biofcorides faith,is that which is fubftantiall, and well compad,whitc within, not rotten, full,and well (melling. Plinie writeth,that thofe which grow in Candia are better then thofe of Pontus, and yet thole of Candia woorfe then thofe ofthe eafterne countries or thofe of England, although we haue no great quantitie thereof. 5« THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Of Come. Qbap.^o. V r tfc The kindes. Hus far haue I difcourfed vpon GrafTes 3 Ru{hes,Spartum,Flags,and Flower de-luces •, my next labour is to let downe for your better inftru<ftion,the hiftorie of Corne, and the kindes thereof, vnder the name of Graine, which the Latins call Cere ilia, femini , or bread corne : the Grecians and e/W»of which we purpofe to dif courfe. There belong to the hiftorie of graine all fuch things as be made of corne, 2 s Far,Chondru.i,T'ragm^Anylwn^Vtifdndy Potent a } Afaz,d } Bync or Mault, Zythum , and what- (oeuer are ofthat fort. There be alfo ioined vnto them many feedes,which Theophraftus in his eight booke placeth among the graines,as Millet, Sorgum,Panicke, Indian wheate, and fuch like. Galen in his firft booke of the faculties of nourifhments,reckoneth vp the difeafes of graine, as wcllthofe that come of the graine it felfe degenerating, or that are changed into fome other kinde, and made worfe through the fault of the weather, or of the foile 3 as alio fiich as be cumberfbme, by growing among them, do likewife fitly fuccccde thegraines. And beginning with corne,we will firft fpeake ofwheate,and deferibe it in the firft place,bicaufe it is preferred before all other corne. 1 Tritiam [pica mntica. White Wheate. & The defection . 1 J—r-*This kind of Wheat which EObelius cab I leth Spied Mttticiyis the moft principal of all other, whole eares are altogithcr bare ornaked 5 without awnes orchaffiebeardes. The ftalk rifeth from a threddie roote, copad of many ftrings,iointed or kneed,at fundry diftancesjfrom whence (boot foorth graffie blades or leaues, like vnto Rie,but broader: the plant is fo well kno wne to many,and fo profitable to all, that the meaneft: and moft ignorant, need no larger defeription to know the fame by. & The defeription. 2 The fecond kinde of Wheate in roote, ftalks, ioints and blades, is like the precedent, diffe¬ ring onely ineare,and number of graines, where- ' of this kinde doth abound,hauing an eareconfift- ing of many ranks, which feemeth to make the eare double or fquare cared. The roote and graine is like the other,but not bare and naked,but brift- led or bearded, with many (mail and fharpe eiles or awnes,not vnlike to thofe of Barley. 3 The third kind is like the laft defcnbed,&: thus differeth from it in that, that this kind hath many fin all eaves, comming foorth ofone great eare, and the beards hcerof be {hotter, then of the for¬ mer kinde. 4 Flat Wheate is like vnto the other kindes of Wheate in lcaues,ftalkes and rootes,but is bearded and bordered with very rough and fharpe ailes, wherein conftfteththe difference. 5 Bright Wheate, is like the lafte before deferibed, and differeth from it in that, this kinde is fower fquare,fomwhat bright and fhining, the other not. & The historie of plants. .59 2 Triticuw aritfi* circwnuxlUtum. Bearded Whcatc. 4 Tnticum Typhimm FlatWheate. 3 TriticummultipUci(jiicA. Double eared Wheate. 5 Tnticum tucidum* Bright Wheate. * *Th # The place. Wheate groweth almoftinall the countries of the world that are inhabited and manured., and requireth a fruitfull and fatfoile, and rather funnie and drie, than waterie grounds andfhadowy: for in a drie ground as Columella reporteth,it groweth harder,and better compad: in a moift & darke foile,it degenerateth (bmtime to be of another kinde. i? The time. They are mod commonly fowen in the fall of the leafe or Autumne: fometime in the fpring. The names. Wheatc is called ofthe Grecians 7n&: of the Latines Triticum. Triticum doth generally fignifie any kind of corne,which is threfhed forth of the earcs, & made cleane by fanning, or fuch ordinary meanes. The Germaines call it GSleufeH tin low Dutch 'CSCtDCJ in Italian Grano: the Spaniards Trigo: the French men Bled, ouTourment: in England we call the firft white Wheate, and Flaxen Wheate. Triticum Lucidum , is called Bright Wheate: Red Wheate is called in Kent Duckbill Wheate, and Normandie Wheate. *kThe nature. The kindes of Wheate according to their naturall qualities,are hot and moift in the firft degree, and drie in the middle of the fecond. Wheatc faith Galert is very much vfed of men,and with greateft profit. Thofe Wheates do nou- rifin mod which be hard,and haue their whole fubftancc fo clofely compa6t,as they can (carfely be bit a (under,for fuch do nourilh very much : and the contrarie but little. Wheate, as it is a medicine outwardly applied, is hot in the firft degree, yet can itnot manifeftly cither drie or moiften.lt hath alfo a certaine clammines and floppingqualitie. 'k The vertues. A Rawe Wheate frith Diofcorides, being eaten, breedeth woormes in the belly: being chewed and applied doth cure the biting ofmadde dogs. B The flower of Wheate being boiled with hony and water, or with oyle and water, taketh away all inflammations or hot fwellings. > C The bran of Wheate boiled in ftrong vineger,clenfeth away (curffe and dry fcales,and diflblucth the beginning of all hot fwellings, ifitbe laid vnto them. Andboiledwith the deco&ion of Rue, it flaketh the fwellings in womens brefts. D The graines of white Wheat, asP///zywritethinhis 22.booke,& 7«chap .being dried browne,but not burnt,& the powder therof mixed with white wine,is good for watering eies, ifit be laid therto . E The dried powder of red Wheate,boiled with vineger,he!peth the fhrinking of finews. F The mealc of Wheate, mingled with the iuice of Henbane, and plaifterwife applied, appeafeth inflammations, as Ignis facer, or S. Anthonies fire, and fuch like: flaying the (luxe of humors from the Joints, which the Grecians call Kheumijmata. Pafte made of fine meale,fuch as Booke binders v(e,helpeth fuch as do (pit blood, taken warme one (poonfull at once. The bran of Wheate boiled in fharpe vineger, and rubbed vpon them that be feuruie and mangie, ealeth the partie very much. G The leauen made of Wheate hath vertue to heate & draw outward,it rc(olueth,conco<fteth and openeth all fwellings, bunches, tumors and felons, being mixed with (alt. H The fine flower mixed with the yolke of an egge, honie and a little faffron, doth draw and heale biles and fuch like fores in children,and in old people,very well & quickly .Take crums of Wheaten bread one pound and'an halfe, barley meale $ ii. Fennigrceke and Linelecde ofcch halfe an ounce, the Ieaues of Mallowes,Violets, Dwale, Sengreene and Cotyledon, ana one handfull: boilethem in water and oile vntil they be tendenthen ftampe them very (mail in a (lone morter,and adde there¬ to the yolkes of three egs,oile of roles,and oile of violets, am\ ii. Incorporate them altogithcr, but if the inflammation grow to Erifipelas, then adde thereto the iuice of Nightfhade, Plantaine and Henbane, ana 5 ii.eafeth Eriflpelas or S. Anthonies (ire and all inflammations very fpeedely. I Slices of fine White bread, Iaide to infufe or fteepe in rofe water, and lo applied vnto Tore eies, which haue many hot humors falling into them, doth eafily defend the humour and ceale tfie pain. K The oile of Wheate prefled foorth betweene twoplates of hot iron , healeth the cliappes and chinkes of the hands,feete and fundament which come ofcolde,making fmooth the hands, face, or any other part of the body. L The fame vfed as a Balfame, doth excellently heale wounds, and beingput among (alues or vn- gucnts,it caufeth them to worke more effe&ualiy,e(pecially in old vlcers. HtsrORIE OF PLANTS. Of Rie. Chap . 4 . 1 . u ft The defer ipt ion. T He leafe of Rie when it firft commeth vp 3 is fomewhat reddifh, afterward greene,as be the other graines. It groweth vpwith many {talks,flenderec than thofe of Whcate,and longer, with knees or ioints by certainediftances like vnto Wheate: the cares are orderly framed Vp in rankes, and compared about with fhort beards,not lharpe but blunt, which when it flow- reth ftandeth vprighgand when it is filled vp with feede it leaneth and hangeth downward.The feed is longjblac-kifb, {lender and naked, which eafilie falleth out of the husks ofit felfe. The rootes be many,flender and full of firings. ft The place. Rie groweth very plentifully in the moft places ofGermanie andPolonia, as appeereth by the great quantitie brought into England in times of dearth, and fcarfitie of corne, as happened in the yeere 15 96. and at other times, when there was a generall want of bread corne, by reafon of the abundance of rain that fell the yeere before,wher- by great penuric infued, as well of cattell, and ail ocher victuals, as of all maner of graine. It grow¬ eth likewife very well in moft places ot England, efpeciaiiy toward the North. ft The time. Iris for the moft part fowen in Autumne, & fomtimes in the fpring,which proueth to be a graine more fnbie<Stroputrifa<ftion, than that that was fowen in the fall of theleafe, by reafon the winter doth ouertake it before it can attaine to his perfedl maturitie and lipeneffe. ft The names. Rie is called in high Dutch, lEUJCftCttj i n loweDutch in Spanifh Centeno: in Italian Segda: inFrench Seigle r \fniQh foundeth after the old La tine name Silt go. Rlinie calleth it Seeds and Rogge in his 18. booke and 1 ^.chapter. jjjfe The temperature. Rie as it is a medicine, is.hotter then Wheate,and more forcible in wafting and confirming away the body which is nourifhed by it. ft Thevertucs. Breadjorrheletrenof Rie, as the Belgian Phifttions do affirme vpon their pra&ile, doth more J forciblie digeft, drawe, ripen, andbreake allapoftumes, botches, and biles, than the leuenof wheate. *. a». , i ^ - .1 — ... v ; ... ‘ J-a , V\\ - . . v v . \ Of Spelt Corne . fbap.^z. ft The Acjeripttin. \ Peleislike to wheate inftalksan^care: itgroweth vp with a multitude, of ftallcs, whicliarc kpc^djor ioiinted Higher than thof^ q£ Sarly. Itbringethfbortha difor deredearc,.fop titer oft . paf^imbut beards. The comes Re wrapped in;certaine drie husks, from^ich they camfcc eaftly hs^uyged, and aye ioinedtQgitjiier by couples in twq chaffip husks* out of pyhich whoruney be taken,they ate like vnto wheate cornes: it hath alfo many roptp.aspyhcuteiudi, whereof itE 3 ... ze& 6% THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Zeafm Speltd. Spelt come. k The place. It growcth in fat and fertill moift ground. k The time ♦ It is altered and changed into Wheate it felfc, as degenerating from bad to better,contrary to all other that do alter or change; elpecially as Theo- phrafius faith,if it be fowcn in one loile three yeercs togither,then at the third yeere it is changed. k The names. The Grecians haue called it and (at: the La¬ tin s Spelt a: in the Germaine toong and in low Dutch g>pelte X in French Ejpeau¬ tre: ofmoft Italians Birr a Farr a: of the Hetru- fcians Biada : of the Ilanders, <_ Alga: inEnglifh Spelt corne. Diofcondes maketh mention of two kindes of Spelt, one which he furnameth or fingle: another *Wws, which bringeth foorth two cornes ioined togither in a couple of husks, as be¬ fore in the description is mentioned. That Spelt which D/ofcorides calleth JDicoccos, is the very fame that Thccphrajlus and Galen do name Zea . The moft ancient Latins haue called Zea or spelt a by the name of Far, as I) tony pm Halt car najpeus doth fufficiently teftifie. The old Romanes (faith he)dicf callfacred marriages by the word p*pp«w<*, bicaufe the bride and bridegroome did cate of that Far which the Grecians do call The fame thing i^ylfclepiades in Galen, in his ninth bookc sccordingto the places affeded, writing thus, Farris quod, Zea appellant, that is to fay, Far which is called Zea,&c. And this Far is alfo named of the Latins AdoryPfdoreum, and Semen adore tan. it The temperature and vertues. Spelt as Diofcorides rcporteth,nourifheth more than Barley. Galen writeth in his bookes of the Faculties of fimple medicines, that Spelt is in all his temperature in a mcanc betweene Wheate andBarly, and may in vertue be referred to the kindes of Barly or Wheate, being indifferent to them both. A The flower or meale of Spelt corne, boiled in water with the powder of red launders, a little oilc of Roles and Lillies vnto the forme of a pultus,and applied hot, taketh away the (welling of the legs gotten by cold and long Handing. Of Starch Corne . Qhap. k The dcfeription. T His other kinde of Spelta or Zea, is called of the Germaine Herbarifts AmyUtm Frttmentum, or Starchecorne randisakindofgraine lowen to that end, orathreemonethsgrainc^andis very like vnto wheat in ftalke and fcede,but the eare thereof is let rotinde about, and made vp with two ranks, with ccrtaine beards,almoft after the maner of Barly ,and the feeds is do fed vp in diafHehusks,andisfoweninthclpring. L kTht I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. "ft The place. Amilcorne or ftarche corne, is fowen in Ger¬ many ,Polonia,Denmarke,& other thole eafterne regions, alwellto feede theircattelland pullen with, as alio to make ftarch, for the which pur- pole it doth very fitly lerue. k The time. It is lowen in Autumne or the fall of the leafe, and oftentimes in the Ipring, and for that caule hath been called Trimeltre or three months graine, itbringethhisleedeto ripenesinthe be¬ ginning of Auguft, and is lowen in the low coun¬ tries in the Ipring of the yeere. k The names. Bicaulethe Germaines haue great vie of it to make ftarche with, they do call it > we thinkc good to name it in Latine ^Amyleum fra¬ me ntum : inEnglifh it may be called Amelcorne after the Germaine word, and may likewile be called Starch corne. Tragus and Fuchftus tooke it to be Triticum trimeltre , or three moneths Wheate. Columella fpeaketh of a graine called Tar Halicafirum which is lowen in the Ipring: and for that caule is furnamed Trimeltre, or thretf moneths Far, whereof is made the beft ftarchi;. If any be defirous to learne the making of it, let them read Dodoneushft. Edition, where they fhalbe fully taught, my fclfe not willing to fpende time about lo vaine a thing, and not pertinent to the hiftorie. k The nature and vertues. There hath not any peculiar vertues been attributed to this kinde of Amy Icorne,more than hath been faid,that is to feede cattell,pullen,and to make ftarch,the nature is referred vnto the bafe kinds of Wheate or Barly. Of^Barly. Chap.^\. f k The defeription. 1 TJ Arlyhath an hclme or ftrawe, which is fhortcr and more brittle then that of Wheate, and with moeioints: theleaues are broder, and rougher: the eare is armed with long, rough, and pricking beards or ailes , and let about with fundry ranckes , fometimes two, otherwhiles three, or fower at the moft. The graine is included in a long chaffie huske: the rootes bcllender and grow thicke togithcr. Barly, as Plinie writetb,isof all graines the lofteft, and leaft fubie<ft to cafualtie,yecldeth fruite very quickly and profitable. 2 The fecond kind of Barly is like vnto the former in ftalkes,rootes,and blades: they differ in the eare. For this hath many ranckes ofcornes fet very orderly,which make a Iquare eare,the other not. The north parts of England hath in yle two kindes of barly ,the one is lowen in Autumne,the other mApriiland May. I Hordeum Triticnm ^dmylettm* Starchc cornc 64 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE i Hoy dam, Barly. 2 Horde um Poly Bichum verntrn. Beare Barly. He The place. They are fowen as Columella teacheth, in loofe and dric ground ,and are well knowen all Europe through. ’ Jl. . it The names. 1 Thefirft is called of the Grecian s>cM-. in high Dutch in low Dutch <$D£tfU in Itali¬ an Orzo . in Spanifh Ccuada : in French Orge : in Englifh Barly. 2 The fecond is called ofthe Grecians ana alfo Columella calleth it Galaticum^ and Hippocrates aythdU;. of our Englifh northerne people Big, and Big Barly. Crimnon faith Galen in his commentaries of the fecond book of Hippocrates his Prognoftikes, is the groffer part of Barly meal, being grofly ground. Mault is well knowne in England, infomuch that the word ncedeth no inter¬ pretation ; notwithffcanding bicaufc thefe works may chance into the hands of Grangers that neuer hard of fucha worde, orfucha thing, by reafonitis noteuery where made ; I thought good to laie downe a word of the making thereof. Firft,it is fteeped in water vntill it do fwell, then it is dried with the heateoffire,andfo vfed. It is called in high dutch * in lowe Dutch 11 in Latin of latter time Malt urn : which name is borrowed of the Germaines. Act ins a Greeke Phifition,na- meth Barly thus prepared BtVn, or Bine: the which author affirmeth that a plaifter of the meale of Mault is profitable laide vpon the Iwellings of the dropfie. Zythum , as Diodorus Siculus affirmeth,is not onely made in Egypt,but alfo in Galatia.The aire is fo cold faith he writing of Galatia, that the countrey bringeth foorth neither wine nor oile, and therefore men arc compelled to make a com- pounde drinke of Barly, which they call Zythum \ Diofcorides nameth one kinde of Barly drinke Zy- another Curmi. Simeon Zethy a later Grecian, calleth this kinde of drinke by an Arabicke name Ww. in Englifh it is called Beere and Ale made of Barly Mault. it The temperature. Barly as Galen writeth in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments, is not of the feme tempera¬ ture that Wheate is: for Wheate doth manifeftly heate $ but contrariwife what medicine, or bread foeber HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^5 foeuer is made of Barly, is found to haue a certaine force of cooling and drying in the fird degree, according to Galen in his booke of the faculties of fimplcs.lt hath alio a little abder(iuc,or clenfing qualitie,and doth drie fomwhat more than Beane mealc. ic'Thc vertues. Barly,faith Diofcorides,d oth clenfc, prouokc vrinc, breedeth windincs, & is an cnimic to the do- A macke. Barly mealc boiled in honied water with figs,taketh away inflammations: with pitch, rofine, and B pigeons dung,it (oftneth andripeneth hard fwellings. With melilot and poppie feeds it taketh away the paine in the (ides: it is a remedie againft win- C dines of the guts, being applied withlinefeedc,denugrcekeand rewe: with tar, waxe, oyle and the vrine of a yoong boy, it doth digeft, (often and ripen hard fwellings in the throte, called the Kings euill. Boiled with wine,mirtils,the barkc of the pomcgranate,wildc peares,and the leaues of brambles, D kdoppeththelaskc. Further it (erueth for Ptifana, Polenta,Maz.a,m%v\tf\z, and beere. The making whereof if anie E be defirous to learne,Iet them reade VObeltttt Aduerfaria,in the chapter of Barly. But I thinke our London beere brewers,would fcorne to learne to make beere of either French or Dutch,much Jefie of me that can fay nothing therein of mineowne experience more than by the writings of others. But I may deliuer vnto you a confe&ion made thereof,as Columella, did concerning (vveete wine 3 (od- den to the halfe,which is this: boije (Irong ale till it come to the thicknes of honie, or the forme of an vnguent or falue,which applied to the paines of the finews and ioints,(as hauing the propertie to abate aches and paines) may for want of better remedies be vfed for old and new forcs,if it be made after this maner. Take drong ale two pound,one oxe gall,and boilc them to one pound with a foft fire,continuaIly F flirting it,adding thereto of vineger one pound,of Olibanum one ounce,flowers of camomil and me- lilote ofechoneotince, rewe in fine powder halfe an ounce, a little honie, andafmallquantitieof the powder of comin fecde,boiIe them altogither to the forme of an vnguent or falue, and fo applie it. There be lundry forts of confedlions made of Barly, Polenta, Ptifanavmdeoi water and vn- husked or hulled Barly and filch like. Polenta is the meate made of parched Barly, which the Gre¬ cians do properly call fofmy. Maza is made ofparched Barly tempered with water,after Hippocrates and Xenophon: Cyr#* hauing called his foldierstogither, exhorteth them to drinke water wherein parched Barly hath been deeped, calling it by the fame name,^^4 ; Hefychius doth interpret (Afa to be Barly mealc mixed with water and oile. ^ Barly meale boiled in water with garden nightfhade, the leaues of garden Poppie,the powder of G Fenugreke, and linefeed, and a little hogs grea(e,is good againd all hot and burning fwellings, and preuaileth againd the dropfie being applied vpon. Ofjfak^ed "Barly . C^ a P* 4 - 5 * The description, % H Ordeumnudumis alfo called Z copy runt and Tritico-Speltum, bicauleit is like to Zea , other- wife called Spelt a, and is like that which is called French Barly, whereof is made that noble drinkefor fickc folks called Ptifana. The plant is altogither like vnto the common Barly, fa¬ iling that the eares arc rounder, thecilcsor beards rougher and longer, and the feedc or erainc naked without husks. & E i r* is The 66 THE FIRST BOQKE OF THE Tlordeum nudum. Naked Barly. I Hordeum Disiichon. Burnt Barly.* •ft The vertices, A This Barly boiled in water cooleth vn- naturalland hot burning choler. In vehe¬ ment feucrs you may adde thereto the feedes of white Poppie and Lettufe, not onely to coole 3 but alio to prouoke fleepe. B Againft the (hortnes of breth and pains of the breft, may be added to all the afore- laidjfigs/aifons of the funne 3 liquerice and annife feede. C Being boiled in the whay of milke, with theleaues ofSorrell.,MarigoIds. ) andScabi- r oils 3 it quencheth third:, and cooleth the heate of the inflamed liuer, being drunke firlt in the morning,and lad: to bedward. 0 / 1 Burnt j Barly . Chap, ^ 6 . 2 Hordeum Spur turn. Wall Barly. ieThc HISTmRTE OF PLANTS. 6 1 •& The defer ip ft on. 1 r T Ordeum VlBichon is that burnt or blaited Barly, which is altogither vnprodtable and I I good for nothing, an enimie vntocorne; for that in (lead of anearewith corne, thereis ^ nothingelic but blacke dud,which fpoileth bread,or whatfoeuer is made thereof. 2 This kinde ofvvilde Barly,called of the Latins Hordeum Spnrmn, is called of Pi:we Holchus : in Engiifh Wall Barly, Way Barly,or after old Englifh writers,WayBennet. Itgrovveth vponmud wals,and donie places by the waies fides 5 very well refembling felfc fowed Barly, yet the blades are rather like grade than Barly. & The vertnes. This baftard wilde Barly damped and applied vnto places wanting haire, doth caule it to growe A and come foorth,whereupon in old time it was called Ripda. / Of Saint IPeters Corne . Qbap.^j. I Briza Monococcos. Saint Peters Corne. 2 Fesiuca Italica* Hauer Grade, f . i. -v. •> ** 1 351 " n n: & fhe' defeription. } T\ Riza is fomewhatlike Wall Barly,whereof it is akinde,but much Ieder,ofabrownereddifh colour: a graine vnpleafant to eate,and riot vfed in phificke. 2 This degenerate kinde of Barly called Feline a of Narbon, hath dalks befet with leaues, growingdn fpaces one chdantfrom another cuen to the top ; whereupon do growe certaine round bottles, after the fafhion of a peare: onthecrowne whereof fprouteth foorth many longhaires tuft or tadell fafhion ,as is to be feehe in centaurea maior,bi\x. much longer. Matthiolm faith,that he by hjs owne triad,and his fathers experience,hath found this to be true. Thdtwhich is our common Darnell, is certainly kftowen to be a feede degenerate from Vvheate, bdng-fouhdfbr themodpart among wheate , or where wheate hath beene: ibis Fettucax feede or graine degenerating from Barly, and is found among Barly, or where Barlv hath been. E 2 ’ * The 68 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Thenxmes, 1 BrizJL Monococcos, after L’Obelzw 5 is called by Taberne Monuntu > Monoeoteos: in Englifh Saint Peters Corne. 2 Fettuca of Narbon in France is called AiA* 4 : in Latine Aegilops Narbonenfis, according to the Greeke :in Englifh Haucrgrafle. He The nature. They arc of qualitie fomewhat fharpe,hauing facultie to digeft. He The venues. The iuicc of Feffacamxcd with barly meale dried, and at times ofneedemoiftned with role wa¬ ter applied plaifterwife,healeth the difeafe called Aegilops or Fiftula in the corner of the cic: it mol- lifieth and diiperfeth hard lumps,and afTwageth the iwellings in the ioints. Of Oter. Cbap.^%. I ^Auena Vefca. Common Otcs. $ Kyluena Tpuda. Naked Otes. . He The deferipiion, r A Vena Vefca , common O tes, is called Vefca a Vefcendo, bicauleit is vied in many countries to make fundry forts of bread,as in Lancafhire, where it is their chiefeft bread cornc for Ian- ^ nocks, Hauer cakes, Tharffe cakes, and thofe which are called generally Oten cakes j and for the rnoft part they call the graine Hauer, whereof they do likewile make drink for want of Barly. 2 Kstaena Nttda is like vnto the common Otes,differing in that,that thele naked Otcs immediate¬ ly as they be threfhed without helpe of a mill become Otemcale fit for our vie. In conlideration whereof in Northfolkc and Southfolke they are called vnhulled and naked Otes. Some of thole good hufwiues that delight not to haueftorcof any thing but from hand to mouth, accordingto our Englifh prouerbe, mayfwhiles their pot doth feath) go to the barne, and rub foorth with their hands Sufficient for that prelent time, not willing to prouidefor to morrow a according as the Scrip¬ ture fpeaketh 3 but let the next day bring with it. * 7 hit HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. ^ "the nature. Otes arc drie and fomwhat cold of temperature, as Galen faith. # Thevertues. Common Ores put into a linnen bag,with a litle bay fait quilted handfomly for the fame purpofc, \ and made hot in a frying pan,and applied very hot, eafeth the paine in the fide called the ftitch, or collicke in the bellie. IfOtes be boiled in water,and the hands or feete of fuch as haue Scripigo or impetigo, that is,cer- g taine chaps,chinkes or rifts in the palmes of the hands or feete ( a difeale of great affinitie with the pocks) be holden oner the fume or fmoke thereof, in fome bowle or other vell'ell wherein the Ores are put,and the patient couered with blankets to fiveate, being firft annointed with that ointment or vndion vfually applied contra MorbtmGalhcum : it doth perfectly cure the fame in fixe times lb annointing and (weating. Otemeale is good for to make a faire and well coloured maide to looke like a cake of talIow,elpe- q dally if fhe take next hir ftomacke a good draught of ftrong vineger after it. Of wilde Otes. Chap. I Bromos Sterilu . Wilde Otes. 2 Bromos altera. Small wilde Otes. 1 D Romos called likewife ^fuenafatua, which the Italians do call by a very apt name, fj} Vena vana,ox Auena caffaj in Englifh barren Otes,or wilde Otes: hath the like qualitie that our common Otes haue : they are fo common that they neede no defcription. 2 Thereis alio another kinde of Bromos ovw\\<ho. Otes,which Dodoneus calleth Feftnca altera, not differing from the former wilde Otes, but that his eares are neither fo great, nor fo long as the firft. It may be called inEnglifh Small wilde Otes,agreeing with Brtinfelfius, that it is a kinde of Otes. There is nothing extant woor th’e the noting, cither of their temperature or vertues 3 btJt reckoned as hurtful! to come,and vnprentabie. E 3 ... P/ THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE OfhB carded Otes. Chap.jo. Bromoicles. Bearded Otes. 2 Vstilago fee alma. Burnt Rie. The defer/ptiott. A Egilops Brotnoides Belgarum ,is a plant in- ^-^dnTerently partaking of the nature of Ae- gilops and Bromos. It is in fhevv like to the naked Otes. The feede is fharpe,hairie,fomewhat long, and of a reddifh colour, inclofed in chaffie husks like the common Otes, and maybe englifh- ed Crefted or Bearded Otes. I haue found it often among Early and Rie in fundrie grounds. This is likewile vnprofitabIc,and hurtfull to corne,where- of is no mention made by the ancients vvoorthie the noting. vV The defeription, 2 Burnt Rie hath no one good propertie in phi- lleke,appropriate cither to man,birds, or beafts,& is a hurtful maladie to all corne where it groweth, hauing an care in fhape like to corne, but in Reed of graine it doth yeeld a bheke powder orduft, which caufeth bread to looke blacke, and to haue aneuilltafte. And that corne where it is, is called fmootie corne: and the thing it felfe Burnt corne, or blafced corne. 3 B nr n t O te s or Vshlago attend, or tAaenacea, is like wife an vnprofitable plant, degenerating from ores, as the other fro.m Barly,Rie, and wheate. It 3 Vftilago Auenacea. Burnt Otes. were HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 7! were in'vaine to make a longharueftof fuch euill corne, confidering it is not pofTefled with any one good qualitie. And therefore this much fhallfuffice for the defeription. I Lolium album. White Darnell. A OfT)arneU> Chap.j i. 2 Lolium rubrum. Red Darnell. k The defeription. 1 A Mong the hurtful weedes 3 Darnell is the firft.lt bringeth foorth leaues and (talks like thofe /■\ofwheateorbarly 3 yetrougher 3 withalongearemadevpof many little ones, euery parti¬ cular one whereof containeth two or three graines, lefler than thofe of wheate/carfly anv chaffiehuske to couer them with, by reafon wherof they are eafily fhaken out and (cattery d abroad 2 Red Darnell is likewife an vnprofitable corne or grafle, hauing leaues like barly. The ioints of the ftraw or ftalke are of a reddifh colour 3 bearing at the top a finall and tender eare 3 fpike fafhion. k The place. They grow in fields among wheate and barly, of the corrupt and bad feede as Galen faith 3 e{pcch ally in a moift and dankifh foile. k The time. They fpring and flourifh with the corne 3 and in Auguft the feede is ripe. k The names. 1 Darnell is called in Greeke ‘ in the Arabian toong Zizania and Sceylen: in French Yuray: in Italian Loglio: in lowDutch 2 f) 0 ltCft ♦ in Englifh Darnell,of fome Iiuay and Rave, and of fome of theLatines Triticum Temulentum . 2 Red Darnell is called in Greeke or Phoenix, of red crimfon colour: in Latin Lolium rubrumi and Lolium Murinum . in Englifh Wall Barly,and Waie Bennet: of fome Horde am murinum, and Triticum murinum ; in Dutch 90 UJ)ft C02CU. k The temperature. Darnell is hot in the third degree., and drie in the fecond. Red Darnell drieth without fharpnes 3 as Galen faith. E 4 k The 7 2 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE :'k'the'vertues. A The leede of Darnell,pigeons dung 3 oile oliue , and powder of linefeed, boiled to the forme of a pIaifter,conlumet:h vvens 3 hard lumps 3 and luch like excrefcence in any part of the body. - B The new bread wherein Darnell is, eaten hot, caufeth drunkennes: in like maner doth beere or ale wherein the leede is fallen., or put into the mault. C Darnell taken with red wine ftaieth the fluxe of the belly, and the ouermuch flowing of womens term&s. D Dzofcorides faith, that Darnell meale dothftaie and keepe backe eating fores, gangrenes and putrified vlcers: and being boiled with radifh rootes,falt, brimftone and vineger,it cureth Ipreading Icabs and dangerous tetters,called in Greeke terfivu, and leprous ornaughtie fcurlfe. E The leede of Darnell giuen in white or rhenifh wine,prouoketh the flowers or menles. F Afuine made thereof with parched barly meale,myrrhe, faffron andfrankenlence made in form of a pultus,and applied vpon the belly, helpeth conception,and caufeth eafie deliuerance of childe bearing. G Red Darnell as Diofcoridej writeth, being drunke in fower or harlh red wine, ftoppeth the laske, and the ouermuch flowing of the flowers or menfes, and is a remedic for thole that pille in bed. The danger. Darnell hurteth the eies and maketh them dim, ifit happen in corne either for bread ordrinke, which thing Quid in his firfl; booke Fasiortm hath mentioned. Et care ant lolliis oculos <vitiantibm agri. And heereupon it feemeth that the old prouerbe came, thatfuch as arc dim lighted fhould be laid to eate of Darnell. Of c Rice . Oryza. Rile. Qhap.jz. The description. 1 13 ^ Ce * s vnto ^ arnc E ] ' n fhew, as Then - pbrajltui aith: itbringeth foorth notan care as come, but a certainc mane or plume, as Mill,Millct,or rather like Panicke.The leauesas Plinie writeth, are fat and full of fib- ftance,like to the blades of leekes,but broder :but if neither the loile, nor climate did alter the lame, theleaues of Rice that did growe in my garden, had leaues loft, and graflie like Barly. The flower did not fhew it felfe with me, by realon of the iniurieofour vnlealonableyeere i55><5. But Thco- phrajius concludeth, that it hath a flower of a purple colour. Butlaith my Author, Rile hath leaues like vnto Dogs gralfe or Barly, a linall ftrawe,or ftemme, full ofioints like corne. At the top whereof groweth abufhor tuft,far vnliketo Barly or Darnell,garnifhed with round knobs like Imall gooleberries, .wherein the leede or grainc is contained: eucry fuch round knob hath one fmall rough ailc,taile, or beard like vnto Barly hanging thereat. ^Ariftobulns as Strabo reporteth, fhew- eth that Rife is two yardcs high, and hath many cares, and bringeth foorth plentie of feede. It is reaped at the letting of the leucn llarres 3 and purged as Spelt, oteraeale, or hulled, as French It HISTORIE OF PLANTS. k 'Theplace. It grovveth in the territories of the Ba&rians,in Babilon, in Sufium, & in the lower part of Syria. Itgroweth inthefe daics , not onely in thefe countries before named , butalfo in the fortunate Hands, and in Spaine, from whence it is brought vnto vs, purged and prepared, as we fee after the mancr of French barly. It profpereth beft in fenny and waterifh places. ^ The time. It is fowen in the fpving in India, as Eratotthenes witnefieth, when it is moiftened with fommer fhowers. - k The names. The Grecians call it cpvfc, or as Theophraftus faith o^ov-. the Latines keepe the Greeke worde Oryza : in French it is called Riz : in the Germaine toong IRffj,and jRp# ♦ in Englifh Rife. k The temperature and vertucs. Galen faith,that all men vfe to ftaic the belly with this graine, being boiled after the fame maner that chondrus is. In England we vfe to make with milke and Rife, a certaine food, or pottage which doth both meanely binde the belly,and alfo nourifh. Many other good kinds of foode is made with this graine,as thofe that are skilful! in cookerie can tell. Of Cbap.yy 1 Milium . Mill or Millet. a Milium nigrum. Blacke Millet. *. « ■ . v • ■ i ihL k The description. i X Jf Ilium rifeth vp with many hairic ftalkes, knotted, or iointed like wheate. The leaucs are y I long,and like the Ieaues of the common reed. It bringeth foorth on the top ofthe ftalke, a fpokie bufh or mane, called in Greeke <pog», like the plume or feather of the pole reede hanging downewards,of colour for the mod part yellow,now and then blackifh,in which groweth thefcedjfmall, hard,and gliftring,couered with a few thin huskes,out of which it eafily falleth. The rootes be many,and grow deepein the ground. 2 Milium < PQ 74 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 2 Milium nigrum is like vnto the former, feuing that the eare or plume of this plant is more loofc and thimand the feed fomewhat bigger,ofa fhining blacke colour. * 7 ‘he place. It loueth light and loofo mowld, and profpereth beft in a moift and rainie time. And after Coin- me Unfit growethin greateft abundance in Campania. I haue of it yecrely in my garden. it The time. It is to be (owen in Aprill and May and not before,for it ioyeth in warmc weather. The names. It is named of the Grecians of fome uyyg of Hippocrates Pajpale, as Hermolaushith : in Spanifh CMijo ; in Italian Miglio : in high Dutch X in French Millet : in low Dutch ♦ in Englifh Mill and Millet. it The temperature. It is cold in the firffc degree as Galen writeth , and drie in'the third , or in the later endc of the fe- eond,and is of a thin fubftance. it The vertues. The meale of Mill mixed with tar,is laid to the bitings offerpents and all venemous beads. There is a drinke made heereof bearing the name of firupus '^Ambrofii, or KMmbrofe his lyrupe, which procureth fweate,and quencheth third, vied in the citie of Milan in tertian agues. The re- ceit whereof Henricm Rantfzjonius in his bookeofthe gouernment of health fetteth downe in this maner: Take faith he,of vnhusked Mill a fufficicnt quantitie, boile it till it be broken: then take fiue ounces of the hot deco&ion,and adde there to two ounces of the beft white wine, and fo giue it hot vnto the patient being well couered with clothes,and then will he fweate throughly .This is likewife commended by Ioannes Heurnem in his booke of pradtife. Of Turtle come . Cbap.jq.. it The k^ndes. O FTurkiecornes there be diuers (brts, notwithftandingof one do eke or kinred,confiding of fundrie coloured graines, wherein the difference is eafie to be difeerned: and for the better explanation of the fame, I haue fetfoorth to your view certainc eares of different colours ,in their full and perfed ripenes, andfuchas they fhewethcmfelues to be, when their skin or filme doth open it felfe in the time of gathering. it The deferip>tion. i Orneof Afiabearethalonggreatftemorftalke, couered with great leaues like the great cane Reede,but much broader, and of a darke brownifh colour towards thebottome: at the top of the (talks grow idle or barren tufts like the common Reede 3 fomtimes of one co¬ lour and fomtimes of another. Thofe eares which are fruitfull do grow vpon the fides of the (talks among the leaues which are thicke and great 3 (o couered with skins or filmes 3 that a man cannot fee them vntill ripenes haue difeouered the^i. The graine is of fundrie colours, fomtimes red 3 and (om- times white, and yellow, as my (elfe haue (eene in mine owne garden,where it hath come to ripenes. 2 The (talke of Turk ie Wheate is like that of the Reede,full of fpungie pith,(et with many ioints, fine or fixe foote high,big beneath,and now and then of a purple colour,and by little and little (mall aboue :the leaues are broad,long,(et with vaines like thole of theReede.The eares on the top of the (talke be a fpan long, like vnto the feather top of the commonReede, diuided into many plumes hanging downward, emptie and barren without (eede,yet blooming as Rie doth. The flower is ei¬ ther white, yellow or purple,that is to fay, euen as the fruite will be. The fruit is contained in verie bigcares,which grow out of the ioints of the (talke, three or fower from one (talke, orderly placed one aboue another,couered with cotes or filmes like husks and leaues,as if it were a certain fheath: out of which do (land long and (lender beardes, foft and tender, like thofe laces that grow vpon Sauorie, but greater and longer, euery one faftned vpon his owne (eede : the feedes are great, of the bignes of common peafon,couered in that part whereby they are faftenedto the care, and in the outward part round; being of colour fometimes white,now and then yellow, purple or red, of tafte fweete and pleafant; very clolely ioined togither,in eight or ten orders or ranks. This graine hath many rootes,ftrong and full of firings. - •- i Pumentm HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 75 3 Frumenti Indict (bid. 4 Fnmennm Intern dbarn. ^ Turk.e VVheate in the huske 5 as alfo naked or bare. The eare of white T urkie Wheate. THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 5 Frimerdim Indicum lute urn. Yellow Turkie Wheate. 7 Fr amentum In die urn ruhrum , Red Turkic Wheate. 6 f rumenttm Ind- cute aureum. Gold coloured Turkie Wheate. Frumentum c&rnkwn & album. Blew and white Turkie Wheate mixed 77 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ The place. Thefe kinds of Graine were firft brought into Spaine, and then into other prouinces of Europe, out of Afia which is in the Turkes Dominions, as alfoout of America and the Hands adioyning from the eaft and weft Indies, and Virginia or Norembega, where they vie to fowe or fet it, and to make bread of it,where it groweth much higher than in other countries. It is planted in the gardens of thefe northern regions, where it commeth to ripenes when the ibmmer falleth out to be faire and hot,as my felfe hauc fecne by proofe in mine owne garden. it The time. It is lowen in thefe countries in March and Aprill,and the fruite is ripe in September. it The names. Turky wheat is called of fome Fnmentum Turcicum , and Milium Indicum. Strabo , EratoBcnes y Oneficritus, PlinieivA others, haue contended about the name hecreof, which I minde not to re- heade,confidering how vainc and friuolous it is: but leaning it vntill fuch time as fome one Oedipus or other {hall bewraie any other name therof that hath been defcribed,or known of the old writers. In Englifh it is called Turky corne and Turky wheate: the inhabitants of America and the Ilandes adioining,as alfo the eaft and weft Indies,do call it Maizium and Maizum and Mats. it The temperature and vertues. Turky wheate doth nourifh far lefte than either Wheate,Rie, BarlyorOtes. The bread which is made thereof is meanly white,without braruit is hard and drie as bisket is,and hath in it no clammh nes at all: for which caufe it is ofhard digeftion, and yeeldeth to the body little or no nourifhment, it (lowly delcendeth and bindeth the belly, as that doth which is made of Mill or Panick. We hauc as yet no certaine proofe or experience concerning the vertues of this kinde of Corne,although the barbarous Indians which know no better,are conftrained to make a vertue of neceflirie, and think it a good food 5 whereas we may eafily itidge that it nourifheth but little, and is ofhard and euill dige- ftion,a more conuenient foode for fwinc than for men. Of Tur!<ie fillet . Chap . 55 . Turkic Miller. it The description. /I lour. It is faftened with a multitude of ftrong flen- jj \ der rootes like vnto threeds: the whole plant hath ^ * r/v It is called of the Infubers, Melegui , aild Mele« ga .'in Latine Melica . in Hetruna Saggina: in other places of Italy Sorgho: in Portingale Milium fiburrum: in Englifh Turkie Mill or Turkic Hirfte a This is one of the fommer graines: it is ripe in Autumnc. it The place. It ioieth in a fat and moift ground:it groweth in Italy,Spaine,and other hot regions. theformcofaRecde: the ftalkes and eares when the feede is ripe,are red. groweth a great & large tuft or care, like the great Reede,ofaycllowifh colour. The feede is rounds and (harpe pointed,of the bignesofaLentill/om- times red, and now and then of a fuller blacke co- broad leaues like Turky wheate: at the top wherof Vrkie Millet is a ftranger in England.lt hath many high ftalks, thicke and iointed, fome- what brownifh, befet with many long and 1 it The names. it The time. it The 7 8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE •& The temperature andvertues. The feed of Turkie Mill is like vnto Panicke in tafte and temperature: the countrie people fomc* rimes make bread heerof,but it is brittle and of little nourifhment, and for the moft part itferueth to fatten hens and pigeons with. Of Tanic!^, Chap. 5 6 . k Thckindes. T Hcre be fundrie forts of Panicle, although of the ancients there hath beene let downe but two, that is to fay, the wilde or fielde Panick, and the garden or manured Panick: the which kinds haue degenerate into other forts differing in ftature, as alfo in colour, according to the fbile, climate,or countrey,as fhalibe declared. I Panicim Indicum. 2 Paniam C&rnlewn* Indian Panick or Otemeale, Blew Panicke. k The description. 1 r"* He Panick of India growethvp like Millet, whole ftrawe is knottic or full of ioints; the : I cares be round, and hanging downward,in whichis conteined a white or yellowifh feede, like Canarie feede or Alpifii. 2 Blew Panick hath a reddifh ftalke like to fugar Cane,as tall as a man,thicker than a finger,full of a fimgibus pith,of a pale colour; the ftalks be vpright and knottie, thofe that grow neere the rootc are of a purple colour: on the t-qp of the ftalke eommeth foorth a fpike or eare like the water Cats taile,but of apurple colour; the feede is like to naked Otes; therootes are very fmall inrefpedt of the other parts of the plant. .. . 3 PMiUum 19 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 Pam cum Melyne* Germaine Panick. 5 Ptnicumfylue&re . Wilde Panick. # The Acferipticn. 3 Germanie Panick hath many hairie rootcs 3 growing thickctogither like vnto Wheatejas is all the reft of the plant,as well leaues or bladcs,as ftfawc or ftalke. The eare groweth at the top fingle s not vnlike vnto Indian Panick 3 hut mtich Idler. The graines are conteined in chaffie lcales 3 red de¬ cliningto tawnie. ' . 4 The wilde Panick groweth vp with long reedenftalks, fullofioints 3 let with long leases like thole of Sorghum 3 or Indian Panick: the tuft or featherlike top is like vnto the common reede or the c are ofthegralle called lfch<mon or Mawagufle: the roote is fmall and threddie. " ; •&Theplace an&time. The kinds of PanicEare fowen in the fpring 3 and arc ripe in the beginning qf Auguft.: they pro¬ per belt in hot and drie regions 3 and wither for themoft part with much watering,as doth Mill and Turkie Wheate: they quickly come to ripenes^and may be kept good a long time. *- ' : d • or 3i lows . *kThenames. Panick is called in Greeke Diocles the phifttion nameth it MelFrugym % the Spaniards Pti¬ nt zv. the Latines Panicwn of Pannicuh: in Englifh 3 fndian Otemcale. / ' >:ix .. Jr: : D no'} The temperature, Pannickesnourifhlittle^and are driers as Galen faith., • - ot/ . . • tfc The Virtues, 'r: : v-r; rr’ Pannick ftoppeth the laske as Millet dotjhjbeing boiled (as Phnie reportcth)in Goatcs milke and A drunke twifeinaday. .f’ <... i.; - -r — j * ; • y ' - : ; Bread made of Pannick nourifheth little, and is’cold and dry 7 verie brittle^ hauing in it neither B clamminefl^nor fatnelfe > and therefore it drieth a moift belly. > ■ .kit "■ ' So THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Of Canariefeede P or Tetie c Panich c Qhap. 57. I Phalar is. Canarie leede. 2 Phalar ispratenfis. Quaking grafle. .. 1.0 I , : I He The dejcription. < Anarie fced,or Canarie grafle after fome,hath many fmall hairie rootes,from which arile ^ , fmall ftrawiejjalks iointed like corne,wherupon do grow leaues like thole of Barly,which the whole plant doth very well refem'dle. The (mall chaffic Care groweth at the top of the ftalkesjwhcrcin is contained flnall feeds like thofc of panike, of a yellowish colour and {Tuning. 2 Shakers ,or quaking grafle, groweth to the height ofhaifd a fobt'e, afldfbmetime Higher when it groweth in fertill medowes. The ftalke is very {mail and-bentie, fet with many graflie leaues like the common medow grafle, bearing at the top a bufh or tuft of flat fcalic pouches, like thole of fhcpheards purle, but thicker, ofa browne colour let vpon the mod Imall.and weakeft hairie foote ftalkcs that may be found,whereupon thofe imall pouches do, hang: by meanes of which fmall hai¬ rie firings, the knaps which are the flowers do continually tremble and fhake, in luch iort that it is notpoflible with the moft ftedfaft hand to hold it from (baking, whereof it tooke his name laris of that cruel!trembling tyrant of the fame name. .Au'/I r/. J . ..Abb' ^ Tie place. ... \ • Canarie feed groweth naturally in Spaine,and alfo in the fortunate or Canarie Hands, and doth grow in EngIand,or any other of thefe cold regions if it be fowen therein. • . ..i Quaking Phdaris groweth in fertill paftures and in drie medowes. He The time. ■ 1 This Canarie feed is lowcn in May,and is ripe in Auguft. ‘ v> He The names '. due Canarie feede,or Canarie corne is called ofthe Grecians ; the Latines retaining the fame name HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 81 name pj balaris: in the Hands of Canarie <^dpitti: in Englifh Canarie feed,Canarie corne,and Ca- narie grafle. phalarispratenjis is called in Chefhire about Nantwich, Quakers and Shakers , taking his name Phalaris of the tyrant Phalaris as aforefaid. ic The nature and vertites. I finde not any thing fet downeas touching the temperature of Phalaris , notwithstanding it is ' thought tobe of the nature of Millet. The iuice ancf feed as Galen faith, are thought to be profitable drunke againft the paines of the bladder: Apothecaries for want of Millet do vfe the fame with good fucceffe in fomentations :for in drie fomentations it ferueth in (teed thereof, and is his fuccedanewn , or quidpro quo. We vfe it in England alfo to feed the Canarie birds. hlopecuros. Foxe taile. Of Foxetaile . Chap . 58 . /.. ■ r ( & The defeription. F Oxetaile hath manygraffie leaues or blades, rough,and hairie,likc vnto thofe ofBarly,but leffer and fhorter. The ftalke is likewife foft and hairie: whereupon doth growe a fmallfpike or eare,foft, and very downie,briftled with very fmall haires in fhape like vnto a Foxetaile, whereof it tooke his name,which diethat theapproch of win¬ ter, and recouereth it felfe the next yeereby falling of his feed. The place. This kind of Foxetaile growethin my garden, but not w'ilde in England,and is maintained in gar¬ dens, for it is a pretie toye for wantons. The time. It fpringeth vp in May of the feed that was fcat- tcred the yeere before, and beareth his taile with hisfeede inlune. & The names. There hath not beeue more faid of the ancient or later writers , as touching thq^ame, than is fet downe,by which they called it ^A!ope cur os : in En, glifh Foxetaile. it The nature andvertues. I find not any thing extant woorthie the memo- rie,either of his nature or vertues. Of IobsFeares. Chap.jp. ^ The description. I Obes Teares hathmany knottie ftalkes proceeding from a tuft of threddy rootes, twofoote high, fet with great broad leaues like vnto thofe of Reede, amongefl which leaues come foorth many fmall branches like ftrawe of corne: on the end whereof doth grow a graie fhining feede or graine hard to breake, and like in fhape to the feedes of Gromell, but greater, and of the fame co¬ lour, whereof I hold it a kinde: euery of which graines is bored through the middeft like a bead, and out of the hole commeth a fmall idle or barren chaffic eare like vnto that of Darnell, F 1 Lachrym& Si THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Lachrim^Iob. lobs Teares. Tragopyron$i\ eke wheate. The place. It is brought from Italic and the countries adioining,into thefe countries where it doth grow very well, but feldome commeth to ripeneffe; yet myfelfe had ripe feede thereof in my garden the fommer being very hot. •& The time. It is fowen earely in the fpring, or elfe the win¬ ter will ouertake it before it come toripenefTe; •Je The names. Diners haue thought it to be Lithojpermi Jpeci- espc a kind of Gromell,which the feede doth very notably refemble, and doth not much differ from Diofcorides his Gromell, and therefore it might verie aptly be called in Latine o Trundo Lithojper - mos , that is in Englifh, Gromell reede, as Gefne - m faith : it is generally called Lachrimalob, and Lachrima Iohi: of fomeit is called Diojpiros : in Englifh it is called Jobs Teares or Jobs Drops, for that euery graine refembleth the Drop or Teare that falleth from the eie. •Je The nature and vertices. There is no mention made of this herbe for the vfe of Phificke.Onely in Fraunce and thofe places where it is plentifully growing, they doe m ake beades,braclets,and chaines therof,as we do with Pomander and fuch like. Of Buckjbheate. Chap.60 . The description. B Vcke Wheate may very well be placed among the kindes of graine or come, for that oftentimes in time of neceflitie bread is made thereof, mixed among other graine. It hath round fat (talks fomwhatcrefted,fmooth and reddifh, which is deuided in many armes or branches, whereupon do grow finooth and foft leauesjin fhape like thofe of Iuie or Bafill; whereof Taber mentanus called it Ocymum Cereale : the flowers be (mail,white andclufte- ftered togither in one or moe tufts or vmbels, (lightly dafht oner heere and there with a flo- rifh of light carnation colour. The feedes or graines are of a dead or darke blackifh colour, triangled or three fquare like the feede of blacke Bindevveede, called of the ancient Her- barifts Malacocijfos. The roote is final! and threddie. ie The place. It profpereth verie well in any ground be it neuer fo drie or barren, where it is commonly (owen to ferue as it werein fteede of a dung¬ ing’ It quickly commeth vp and is tery foone HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. ■' 83 ripe, it is very common in andaboutthe Namptwichein Chefhire, where they fowe it afwell for foode for their cattell, pullen and fuch like, as to the v(eaforefaid..Jt groweth Iikewifein Lanca- fhire and fome parts of our fouth countrey, about London in Middlelex, as alfo in Kent and Eflex. . • • ~ ill • * .VTMV. * 7 '•■Hi 7 " ft 'The time. This bale kinde of graine is fowen in April! and the beginning of Maie , and is ripe in the be¬ ginning of Auguft. ft Thenames. Buckwheat is called of the high Almaines t of thebafe Almaines IBttCfcStUuesBG that is to fay ^Hirci Triticwnp\ Goates whcate. Of fome Fagi 7 riticum , Beech wheate. In Greeke T£ciy>7rivv: in Latine Fago-Triticum .-taken from the fafhion of the (eede or fruit of the Beech tree. It is called alfo Fegopyrtm and Tragopyron ; in Englifh French wheate, BuIlimong,and Bucke wheate: ^n French Dragee aux cheueaux. ft 'The nature. Bucke wheate nourifheth leffe than wheate, rie, barlie, or otcs$ yet more than either Mill or Pa- nicke. ft The vertues. Bread/made of themealc ofBucke wheat is ofeafiedigeftion, itfpeedily palTeth through die bel- A ly,butyeeldeth little nourifliment. Of Cow wheate. fhap.6i. Melampyrum album. White Cow wheate. ft The defer iption. M Elampyrum groweth vpright, with a ftraight ftalke, hailing other (mail (talks comming from the fame, of a footelong. The lcaues are long and narrow, and of a darke colour. On the top of the branches grow bufhie or (pikie eares full of flowers, and final! leaues mixed togither, and much iagged, the whole care refernbling a Foxe taile. This eare beginneth to flower below, andfb vpward by little and little vnto the top : the (mail leaues before the opening of the flowers, and like- wife the buds of the flowers, are of a darke purple colour 5 and after their opening, of a yellow colour mixed with purple, and at the falling of the flowers thofe fmall purplifh leaues become of a greene co¬ lour. Then come’vp broade husks, wherein are inclofed two feedes fonrwhat like wheate, but (mai¬ ler & browner. The roote is of a wooddy fubftance. Of this kinde there is another called Me lumpy- rum luteum , which groweth neere to the ground, with lcaues not much vnlike Harts home, among which rifeth vp a (mall ftawe with an eare at the top like AlopecurosjhQ common Foxe tailc,but of a yel¬ low colour. ft The place. JfliO The firft groweth among come, and in paflure grounds that be fruitfull: it groweth plentifully in thepaftures about London. The fecond is a (hanger in England. , F 2 ft The THE FIRST EOOKEOF THE # The time. They flower in Iune and Iuly. The names. Melampyrum is called of fome Triticum vaccinitm : in Englifh Cow wheate, and Horfe flower: in Greeke .'-'-sAc4/.7rv£S!'.The fecond is called Melampyrum luteim ; in Englifh yellow Cow wheate. «. - The danger. The feede of Cow wheate raifethvp fumes, and is hot and drie of nature, which being taken in tneates or drinks in the maner of Darnell,troubleth the braine,caufeth drunkennes and headach. Of Wilde Cow wheate. Cbap.6z . I C rat cogo non album. Wilde Cow wheate. 2 Crateogononrubrum. Red leafed Cow wheate. *k The defer iption. i ■ —< He firll kinde of wilde Cow wheate clufm in his Pannonickhiftory calleth Parietaria fyt~ 1 ueftris, or wilde Pellitorie : which name according to his owne words if it do not fitly an- fwer the plant,he knoweth not what to call it, for that the Latins haue not giuen any name thereunto; yet bicaufe fome haue fo called it,he retaineth the fame name. Notwithftanding he re¬ ferred! it vnto the kinds of Melampyrum or Cow wheat,or vnto Crateogonum the wilde Cow wheat, which it doth very well anfiver in diuers points.lt hath an hairie fewer fquare ftalk,very tender,weak &eafie to break,not able toftand vpright without the helpe of his neighbors that dwel about him, a foote high or more,wherupon do grow long thin leaues, fharpe pointed and fnipt about the edges like the teeth of a (awe, ofa darke purphfh colour, femtimes greenifh, fet by couples, one oppofite againft the other: among the which come feorth two flowers at one ioint, long & hollow,fomwhat gaping like the flowers of a dead nettle,at the firft of a pale yellow, and after of a bright golden co¬ lour; which do flowre by degrees,firft a few,and then more; by means wherof it is long in flowring: which being paft there fucceede (mail cups or feed veffels, wherein is conteinedbrowne feed no? vnlike to wheate. The whole plant is hairie, not differing from the plant Stichwoorr. C . 2 Red 'HISTC0R:LEOOF PLANTS; H7 85 2 Red leafed vvildc Cow wheate is very like vnto the former, failing tfoafrthe-Ieaues be narrower, and the tuft ofleaucs more lagged. Theftalksandleauesareof a rcddiOilftwrfcflcfti colour. The flowers in forme are like the other, but in colour differing j for that the hollow part of the flower with the heeleor fpurre is of a purple colour,the reft of the flower yellow. The feede and veftels are like the precedent. 3 Crateogonon Ettphrofine. Eiebright Cow wheate. it The defeription. 3 This kinde of wilde Cow wheate "Tuber Mon¬ tanas hath fet foorth vnder the title of Odontites: others hatie taken it to be a kinde of Euphrafa or Eiebright, bicaufeit doth in fome fort refemble it, efpecially in his flowers. Theftalks of this plant are finall,tender, andweake, not able to ftand alone, rough and fquare. Theleaues are indented about the edges, fliarpe pointed, and in moft points re- fembling the former Cow wheate : fb that of necef- fttie it muft be of the fame kinde, and not a kinde of Eiebright, as hath beene fet downeby fome. ft Thep'ace. Thefe wilde kindes of Cow wheate do growe commonly in fertill paftures, and biifhie copies, or low woods,and among bufbes vpon barren heaths and fuch like places. The two firft do growe vpon Hampfted heath neere London , among the luniper bullies , ar.d Bilberrie buflies in all the parts of the laid heath, and in euery part of Englande where I hauetra- uelled. ft The time. They flower from the beginning of May to the end of Auguft. ft The nances. I The fir ft is called of TO helms Crateogonon : of Taber Montanas Milium fyluaticumgx Wood Millet, and Alfinefluaticum , or Wood Chickweed. 2 The fecond hath the fame titles: in Englifh Wilde Cow wheate. 3 The laft is called by Ttber Montanas , Odontites : of Dodonetc-s , Euphrafa altera an d Euphrofne : wherein I thinke he miftooke it. Hippocrates called the wilde Cow wheate Po'lycarptm and Poly- eritum. ft The nature and vertnes. There is not much let downe either of the nature or vertnes of thefe plants: onely it is reported that the feedes do caufe giddines and drunkennes as Darnell doth. The feede of Crateogomm made in fine flower, and giuen in broth or otherwife, mightily prouo- ^ keth venerie. Some write that it will likewife caufe women to bring foorth male children. ^ Of White (tAffhodill. Chap . 6 ^. ft The kindes. ■! H Auing finiflied the kindes of Come,it followeth to fliew vnto you the fundry forts of Afpho- dils,whereof fome haue bulbous rootes, other tuberous or knobbie rootes 5 fome of yellow colour, and fome of mixt colours, notwithftanding maketh mention but of one Afphodill: but Plinie fetteth downe two, which Dionyfusc onfirmeth faying, that there is the male and female Afphodill. The latter age hath obferued many more befides the bulbed one, of which Galen maketh mention. F 3 I Afhodelm 26 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I Affhodeltttnon ramofui* White Alphodill. 2 Afphodelut ramcjks. Branched Afphodill. # The defeription. 1 He white Afphodil hath many long and narrow leaues ,1 ike thole of leekes,fharpe pointed, I The ftalkc is round, linooth, naked, and without leaues, two cubits high, garnifhed from the middle vpward with a number of flowers,ftar fafhion,made of fine leaues a peece; the colour white,with fome darke purple drakes dravven down the back fide.Within the flowers be cer- tainefmall chines. The flower being paft, there Ipring vp little round heads, wherin are contained hard, blacke, and three fquare feeds as are thole of Buckwheate, or Staphilacre. The rootc is corn- pad of many knobbie rootes, growing out of one head like thole of the Peonie, full of iuice, with a Small bitternes and binding taile. 2 Branched Alphodill agreeth well with the former defcription,fauing that this hath many bran¬ ches or armes growing out of theftalke, whereon the flowers do grow, and the other hath not any branch at all,wherein conlifteth the difference. 3 Afphodill with the reddifh flower groweth vp in rootes,ftaIke,leafe,and mancr ofgrowing like ' the precedent, failing that the flowers of this be of a darke red colour, and the others white, which fetteth foorth the difference, if there be any fuch difference, or any liich plant at all 5 for I haue con¬ ferred with many moll excellent men in the knowledge of plants, but none of them can giue me ccrtaine knowledge of any fuch, but tell me they haue heard it reported that fuch a one there is, andfohauelalfo, but certainly I cannot let downc any thing of this plant, vntilllhearemorecer- tainty^for as yet I giue no credit to my author,which for reuerence of his perlbn,I forbeare to name. 4 The yellow Alphodill hath many rootes growing out of one head, made of fundrietough,fat, andoleousyellowfprigs, orgroflefirings, fromthcwhich rifevp manygraflieleaues, thickeand grolle,tending to fquarencs: among the which commeth vp a rtrong thicke fblke, let with the like leaues euen to the flowers,but lefler: vpon the which do grow llarlike yellow flowers,otherwife like the white Alphodill. 3 Ajjfhodelu* HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 87 g (ytjhhodelmfbrt rubcntt. Red Afphodill. 4 i^ffthodelmluttM. Yellow Afphodill. The time* They flower in May and Iune,and that by parcels or peecemcaIc,beginningbclowe,and fo flow- ring vpward. 'The names. Afphodill is called in L2.t\nc.AJphodeltu z Albucum } Albucus y an<\ Hatfula Regia, : in Greekect^o^^f: inEnglifh AfphodilI,not Daffodil!; for Daffodill is TfjirciJJks, another plant differing from Afpho¬ dill. Pliny writeth that the ftalke with the flowers is called Anthericos, and the roote, that is to fay, the bulbs Afphodelus. Of this Afphodill Hefiod maketh mention in his works, where he faith, that foolesknowe not how much good there is in the Mallow and in the Afphodill, bicaufethe rootesof Afphodill arc good to be eaten .Yet Galen doth not beleeue that he ment of this AfphodiI,but of that bulbed one, whereof we will make mention hecrafter. And he himfelfe teftifieth, that the bulbs thereof are not to be eaten without very long feething; and therefore it is not like that Hefiod hath commended any fuch: for he feemeth to vnderfland by the Mallow and the AfphodiI,fuch kindc of foode as is eafi ly prepared,and foone made ready. & 'The nature. Thefe kinds of Afphcdils be hot and dric almoft in the third degree. The vert ties. After the opinion of T)iofcorides and ^Aetius y the rootesof Afphodill eaten, prouoke Vfine and A the termes effedually,efpecially being ftamped and ftrained with wine and drunke. One dram thereof taken in wine in mancr before rehearfed, helpeth the paine in the fides, rup^. B tures,conuulfions ? and the old cough. < . The rootes boiled in dregs of wine curefoulc eating vlcers 3 all inflammations of the dugs, or C ; ftones,and eafeth the fellon being put thereto as a pultus. The iuice of the roote boiled in old fweetc wine,togithcr with a little myrrhe and faffron,maketh D an excellent CoIIyric profitablcfor the eies, • F ^ Galen 8 S THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE E Gdfcn faith 3 t he rootes burnt to afhes^and mixed with the greafe of a ducke 3 helpeth Alopecia, brin- geth haire againe that was fallen by meanes ofthat difeale. F The weight of a dram thereoftaken with wine helpeth the drawing togither of linewes 3 cramps, and burftings. G The like quantitie taken in broth prouoketh vomit 3 and helpeth thofe that are bitten with any venemous beaft. H Theiuiceof the roote clenleth and taketh away the white morphew 3 if the face be annointed therewith: but firft the place rnuft be chafed and well rubbed with a courfe linnen cloth. I ^Affihodeluj lutem minor. The Kings Speare. Of the Kings Speare, Chap . 64 .. 2 o 4fj>hodelw Lane allyi<e. Lancafhire Afphodill. the defeription. 1 ►y’ 1 He leaues of the Kings fpeare are Iong 3 narrow, and chamfered or furrowed 3 of a greene I blew colour. The ftalke is round 3 of a cubit high. The flowers which grow thereon from the middle to the top are very many 3 in fhape like to the flowers of the other 3 which being paft 3 there come in place thereof little round heads or feede veflels, wherein the leede is con¬ tained. The rootes in like matter are very many, long and flender 3 fmaller than thole of the other yellow fort. V pon the fides whereof grow foorth certaine ftrings, by which the plant it lelfeis eafily increafed and multiplied. 2 There is found in thele daics a certaine waterie or marifh Alphodil like vnto this laft delcribed, in ftalke and flowers, without any difference at all. Itbringeth foorth leaues of a bcautifull greene fomewhat chamfered, like to thofe of the Flower deduce orCorneflag, but narrower; not full a fpan long. The ftalke is ftraight 3 a foote high 3 whereupon growe the flowers,confiding of lixefmall leaues : in the middle whereof come foorth fmall yellow chiues or threds. Thefeede isveryfmall 3 contained in long lharpe pointed cods. The roote is long 3 iointed 3 and creepeth as grafle doth 3 with many f nail ftrings. # 'theplace. 1 The fmall yellow Afphodill groweth not of itfelfewilde in thele parts 3 notwithftanding we " . hau HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8p haue great plentie thereof in our London gardens. 2 The Lancafhire Afphodill groweth in moift and marifh’places neere vnto the towne of Lanca- fter in the moorifh grounds there, as alio neere vnto Maudfley and Martom, two villages not far from thence, where it was found by a worfhipfull and learned gentleman,a diligent fearcher offim- pies, &feruentlouer of plants, matter Thomas He sket, who brought the plants thereof vnto me for the increafe of my garden. I receiued fome plants thereof likewile from matter Thomas Edwards. Apothecarie in Excefter, learned and skilf till in his- profettion, as alio in the knowledge of plants, vnto whom 1 reft bounden as well for this plant, as alio other rare and ftrange plants and leedes, elpecially for the plant of Juca , which his feruant brought from the Indies, & is the plant of whole roots the needy naked Indi¬ an foules do make their bread, as fhall be exprefled more at large, where I fhallhaue occafionto make further mention thereof.He found this Afphodill at the foote of a hill in the weft part of Eng- land,called Bagfhot hill,neere vnto a village of the fame name. k The time. They flower in May and lune: moft of the leaues thereofremaine greene in the winter,if it be not extreme cold. k The names. The latter herbarifts call this yellow Afphodill Xiphium: inLatine ^sfjphodelus luteus of Diony- (ius: oflbme it is called HaTtula Regia. We haue englifhed it,the Speare for a King, or Imall yellowc Afphodill. 2 The Lancafhire Afphodil is called in Latine ^fjphodelus Lancaffria^nd may likewile be called jtjphodeluspaluTiris, or Pfeudoajphodelm luteus pi the Baftard yellow Alphodill. k The nature and vertues. It i$ not yet found out what vfe there is of either of them in nourifihment or medicines. Of Onion (tAJphodill. Chap .65. 'V . .Vv>A 1 k The dejeription. T He bulbed Afphodill hath a round bulbus or Onion roote, with fome fibres hanging thereat: from the which come vp many gral- fiekaues,very wel relembling the Leeke, amongft the which leaues there rifeth vp a naked or fmooth ftem, garnifhed toward the top with many ftarlike flowers, white of colour, confifting of fixe little leaues fharpe pointed, with certaine chines or threds in the middle. After the flower is paft,there fucccedeth ftnall knops or heads three fquare, wherein lieth the feede. k The place. It groweth in the gardens of herbarifts in Lon- don,and not eltewhere that I know of: for it is not very common. k The time. It flowreth in lune and Iuly,and fomwhat after, k The names. The ftalke and flowers being like to thole of the Alphodill before mentioned, doc fhewe it to be c .AJphodeli Jpecies , or a kinde of Afphodill : for which caufe alio it feemeth to be that Alpho< dill, of which Galenh.zxh made mention in his fe- conde booke of the Faculties of nourifhmcnts in thefe words. The roote of Alphodill is in a ma- per like to the roote of Squill or tea Onion, as well ^fjphodelm hulbofus. Onion Afphodill, po THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE infhape as in bitterncfle. Notwithftanding faith GWIf/*, myfelfe haue knowen certaine countrie men, who in time of famine could not with many boilings and ftcepings make it fit to be eaten. It is called of Dodoneus '^Afphodelti*foemina , and <^Afphodelns Bulbofm: of Galen Hyacintho-^AJphodc- lus&n&^AJphoddusHyacintkinus, and that rightly ; for that the roote is like the Hyacinth and the flowers like Afphodelus : and therefore as it doth participate of both kindes , fo likewife doth the name: in Englifh we may call it. Bulbed Afphodill. # The nature. The round rooted Alphodill according to Galen, hath the fame temperature and vertuc, that GAron i t^Ari[arumys\& Dracontium haue, namely., an abftcrfiue and clcnfing qualitic. & The vcrtucs. The yoong fprouts or fprings thereof is a lingular medicine againft the yellow launders,for that the roote is of power to make thin and open. g The rootes heereof, as Galen writeth in his booke of the Faculties of fimple medicines, are like in vertues to wake Robin or Aron, and Plinics cowkowpintle,and likewife to Dragons as aforefaid, q Galen faith that theafhes ofthis Bulbc mixed with oile or hens greafe,cureth the pilling or falling of the haire in fpots 3 as ^Alopecia doth. Of Yellow Lillies . (fhap.66 . °$c The kindes. B Icaufe we fhall haue occafion hcereaftcr to fpeake ofcertaineCloued or Bulbed Lillies, we wil in this chapter intreat onely of another kind not Bulhed,which likewife is of two fbrts,differing principally in their rootes j for in flowers they are Lillies,but in rootes Afphodils,participating as it were of both,though neerer approchingvnto Afphodils than Lillies. I Lilium non bulbofim* The yellow Lillie, ! 2 Lilium non bulbojum Hhamictum. The Day Lillie. * The HI ST OKIE OF PLANTS. j>i icThe defer ipt'ton. He yellow Lillie hath very long flaggie leaucs,chamfered or channeled, hollow in themiddeft like a gutter: among the which rifeth vp a naked or bare ftalke, two cu¬ bits high, branched toward the top, with fundrie brittle armes or branches, wher- on doe grow many goodly flowers, like vnto thofe of the common white Lillie in fhape & proportion, of a (Lining yellow colour; which being paft there fucceede three-cornered husks or cods/ull of blacke (hining feedes,like thofe of the Peonie. The roote con- (ifteth of many knobs or tuberous clogs, proceeding from one head, like thofe of the white Afi phodillor Peonie. 2 TheDay Lilly hath (talks and leaues like the former. The flowers be like the white Lillie in fhape,of an orenge tawnie colour: ofwhich flowers much might be faid,which I omit. But in briefe this plant bringeth foorth- in the morning his bud, which at noonc is full blowen or (pred abrodc, and the fame day in the euening it is as rotten and (linking, as if it had been troden in a dunghill a moncth togither infoule and rainy weather : which is the caufe that the feede doth not follow, as in the other of his kinde, nor bringing foorth any at all that I could euer obferue, according to the old prouerbe,Soone ripc/oonc rottcn.His rootes are like the former. ft The place. Thefe Lillies do growe in my garden,and alfo in the gardens of herbarifts and louers of fine and rare plants 5but not wilde in England,as in other countries. # The time. Thefe Lillies do flower fomewhat before the other Lillies. ie The names. Diuers do call this kinde of Lillie LilUJpbodelus, Liliago, and aKo LiliaHrum , but mod: commonly Lilium non bulbofum: in Englifh Liricontancie,and yellow Lillie. The old herbarifts name it Heme - rocallu: for they haue twokindesof Hemerocallis , the one a fhrub or wooddie plant, as witnefTeth TheophraHm in his fixt booke of the hiftorie of plants. Plinie fetteth downe the fame fhrub among thofe plants,the leaucs whereof oncly do feme for garlands. The other Hemerocallis which they fet downe, is a flower which perifheth at night, and buddeth at the funne rifing,according to Athenam ,and therefore is called the Day Lillie,or Lillie for a day. # The nature. The nature is rather referred to the Afphodils than to Lillies. # Thevertues. Diofeorides faith, that the roote (tamped withhonie, and a mother peflarie made thereof with A wooll,and put vp,bringeth foorth water and blood. The leaues (tamped and applied,do alay hot dwellings in the dugs after womens trauell in childc B bearing,and likewife taketh away the inflammation of the eies. The rootes and the leaues be laid with good fuccefle vpon burnings and fealdings. C Of ‘Bulbed Flower deluce . Chap. ^ 7 * # The kinde s. Ike as we haue fet downe fundry forts of Flower de-luces, with flaggie leaues and tuberous or knobbie rootes, variyng very notablie in fundrie refpe&s, which we haue diflinguifhed in their proper chapters: it refteth that in like maner we fet foorth vnto your view, certaine Bulbofe or Onion rooted Flower de-luces, which in this place doe offer themfelues vnto our confiderarion, whereof there be alio fundry (brts,(orted into one chapter as followeth. ie The description. I Nion Flower deduce hath long narrow blades or leaues, crefled, chamfered, orftraked II on the backe fide, asitwere welted, below (oinewhat round, opening it fclfe toward the top,yet remaining as it were halfe round,wherby it refembleth a hollow trough or gutter. In the bottome of the hollownellc it tendeth to whitenefie, and among thefe leaues doe rifevpa ltalke of a cubit high, at the top wherof groweth a faire blew flower not differing from the common Flower dc-lucc 5 the which being paft, there com in place long thicke cods or feede veflels, wherein THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE whei'ein is contained yellowifh foede of the bignefle of a tare or fitch: the roote is rounde like the Onion,couered oner with ceitaine browne skins orfilmes. 2 Changeable Flower de-luce hath leaues like the former, but thinner, narrower, and fharper pointed. The llalke and rootes are alfb like vnto the former, but lefler. The flower groweth at the top,bailing likewife the forme of the Power de-luce, that is to fay, confifting of fixe greater leaues, and three lefler: the greater leaues fold backward and hang downeward, the lefler ftand vpright. And in the middle of the leaues there rifeth vp a yellow welt, white about the brims, and fha- dowed all oner withawafh of thin blew tending to a watchet colour : toward theftalke they are ftripped oner with alightpurplecolour,andlikewife amongft the hollow places of thofe thatftand vpright, which cannot be exprefl: in the figure, there is the lame faire purple colour: the fmell and Jauour very fweete arid pleafant. The roote is Onion fafhion or bulbus,like the other. 3 Of which kinde or fort there is another in my garden, which I receiued'of my brother lames Garret Apothecarie,far more beautiful! than the lalt deforibed. The which is dafht ouer in fteed of the blew or watchet colour, with a moft pleafant gold yellow colour, of fmell exceeding fweete, with bulbed rootes like thofe of the other fort. 4 It is reported, that there is in the garden of the Prince elector the Landgraue of Heflens gar¬ den,one ol this fort or kinde,with white flowers,thc which as yet I haue notfeene. I Iris bill bo ft. Onion Flower dc-Iuce. The defcripticn. 3 The yellow bulbedJFlowcr de-Iucc hath leaues, rootes, ftalks and flowers like vnto the variable or changeable fort; differing notably in two points, that is to fay,the ftalks of this kinde do appeere ofa reddifh colour next vnto the ground, whereas the others are of a greenifh colour, and the flow¬ ers of thefe be ofa faire gold yellow colour,aiid the other of variable colours. 4 This r : HISTORIE'OOIF PL A NT Si P3 4 This pale ; _ mcr in defcription. I fay if there be any fuch 5 for in mine opinion there is none fuch differing from the other. — 01 jr h soj&wiii . • .. .. 3 Irii btdhofkflare luteo. Yellow bulbed Flower deduce. r-ror.i 4 Irii bttlbofaflorepa llido. Afh colourde Flower deduce. r\ 1 •\V» r > • •« • * \ * » * i » rtV The place. The firftofthefe bulbed Flower deduces doth grow wilde, orofitfclfeinthecorne fields of the moft parts of England,as about Bathe and Wels,and thole places adiacentjfrom whence they were firft brought into London, where they be naturalized and increafe in great plentie in our London gardens. * -• •,;; o.. w The other forts do grow naturally in Spaine & Italie wilde, from, whence we haue had plants for our London, gar dens ,whereof they do greatly abound. The time, ' They flower in Iune and Inly,andfeldome after. 1; ^ tfr The names. The Bulbed Flower deduce is called of L'Obeliui Iris Bulhofa , and alfo Hyacinthmflore ir/dps : of fomc Hyacinthuipoetarum^ and peraduenture it is the fame that ^Apuleim mentioneth in the twenty one chapter, fayingjthat/)'# named ainongthe old writers ffleris, may alfo be called and not vupro- perly Hierobulbns or Hie rt bulb us, as though you fhould fay irii Bulbofa , or Bulbed Ireos,ynlefIe yon would haue l^CorCof, called a greater or larger Bulbe: for it is certaine that great and huge things were called of the Ancients or Sacra: in Englifh holy. & The nature* -i -\r The nature of thefe Bulbed Flower deduces, are referred to the kinds of Afphodils. ’kThevertues. Take faith Apulem } of theherbe Hiercbulbus fixe §. Goates fuctas much , pile of Alcanetone A pound, Tr),v/C :‘:0'>nVV £ P 4 THE FIRST ROOKE OF THE pound, mixethemtogither being firft ftamped in a ftone mortar, it taketh away the paine of the goute. - - .• ^ 2 ■' Moreouer,if a woman doe vie to wafli her face with the deco&ion of the roote, mixed with the meale of Lupines^tfoorthwith cleanfeth away the freckels and morpbew,§c fuch like deformities. v ,-j ■ - ; ‘ rr inr f < ’ T . - - r ^ r ■ ' --r ■ - • ' v - v . M - > £ 0/ Spanifhnut . Chap. 6$. l Sifmrichitm. SpanifhNut* \ 2 Iru Taheroja. Veluct flower dc-Iuce. & ’the defer if tion. i P Fanifh Nut hath final graffie leaues like thofe of theftars of Bethlem or Ornithogalu ,among which rifcth vpafmallftalkeofhalfeafootehigh, garnifhed with the like leaues,butfhor- ter.The flowers grow at the top, of a skie colour, in fhape refembling the flower de-luce or common iris: which being paft, there fucceede friiall cods with feeds, like thofe of Turneps. The roote is round,5#/^ or Onionfafhion,couered with a skin or filme, in fhape like a Net. The bulbe is fweete intafte,and may beeaten before any other Bulbed flowers. There is fetfoorth another of this kiiide fomwhat leffer,which may chance by thefoile or climate,and yet the felfe fame plant. Veluet flower de-luce hath many long fipiare leaues,fpungious or full of pith, trailing vpon the * J - i ! I __ i i — _ . _ 1*1 , 1 n 11 • _ i _ _ L. - —. l-. U n rr 2 ' ground,in fhape like to the leaues of r Lillies: among which rifeth vp a ftalke of a foote high,bearing at the top a flower like the flower de-luce. The lower leaues that turne downward, are of a perfect blacke colour ,foft and fmooth as is blacke veluet, theblacknesis welted about with greenifh yel¬ lower as we terrnc it,a goofe turde greene 5 of which colour the vppermoft leaues do confifl:: which being paft, there follovveth a great knob orcrefted feede veflellof thebignesof a mans thombe, wherein isconteined round white feede, as big as the Fetch or Tare. The roote conflfteth of many knobby bunches like fingers. / -krht HISTORIE OF PLANTS. P5 The place. Thefe baftard kinds of Flower de-luces,are ftrangers in England, except it be among fome fewe diligent Herbarifts in London, who haue them in their gardens where they increafe exceedingly, efpecially thelaft deferibed,which is faid to grow wilde about Conftantinople, Morea and Greece, from whence it hath been tranfported into Italy, where it hath beene taken for Hermodatfylis , and by fomeexpreft or let foorth in writing vnder the title Hermodatfylis, whereas in truth it hath no; any femblance at all with Her modally lis, :&• The time. Thefe wilde or baftard Flower de-luces,do flower from Maie to the end of Iune. ^ ft The names. 1 The bulbed baftard Flower de-luce which we haue Englifhed SpanifhNut, is called in Spaine T^ozeda: thckffei (on P arua Nozella,in thtirownc toons, Macuca: we take it to be that kinde of nourifhing Bulbe which is named in Greeke nwexyov: of pliny Stfmrichium.. 2 Pliny and Theophrattus contend whether this veluet Flower de-luce be the true Hermodatiylu: The which controuerfie I intende not to meddle withall, feeing the matter fo plaine, which may be decided by the leaft and fimpleft Symplift in thefe our daies, confidering it doth not agree with the true Hermodattylis in any one point. it The nature and vertues. Of thefe kinds of Flower de-luce there hath been little or nothing at all left in writing concerning their natures or vertues: onely the SpanifhNut is eaten at the tables of rich and delicious, naie vi¬ cious perfons in fallads,or otherwife to procure luft and lecherie. ✓ S >, , ‘ :• • - \ ' Of Come Flag. Qbap. 69. I Gladiolus TpjirbonenJis. French corne Flag. 2 Gladiolus Italicus. Italian corne Flag. 1 French $6 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE i? T he defer ip t ton. i Tp» Rcnch Corne Flag hath fmall ftiffe leaues, ribbed or chamfered with Iongnerues orfinewes H running through the fame,in fhape like thofe of the fmall Flower de-luce, or the blade of a fworde/harpe pointed,of an ouerworne grcene colour: among the which rifeth vp a ftiffe brittle ftalke,a cubite high,whereupon do grow in comely order many faire purple flowers, gaping as thofe of Snapdragon,or not much differing from theFoxe gloue, called in Latin Digitalis ; after there come in place round knobby feedevefTels , full ofchaffiefeede, very light, of a browne red- dilL colour The roote confifteth of two Bulbes, one fetvpon the other, the vppermoft whereof in thpbeoinniiW of the fpring is lefler and more full of mice: the lower more greater, but moreloofe and lithie,which a little while after perifheth. . - Italian Corne Flag hath long narrow leaues , with many ribs or nerues running through the fame - the ftalke is ftiffe and brittle,whereupon do grow flowers orderly placed vpon one fide of the ftalke whereas the precedent hath his flowers placed on both the fides of the ftalke, in fhape and colour like the former,as are alfo the rootes,but feldome feene one aboue another, as in the former. 3 There is a thirde fort of Corne Flag, which a- greeth with the laft deferibed in cuery point,failing that the flowers ofthis are of a pale colour, as it were betweene white and that which we call mai¬ dens blufh. 7 * he plate. Thefe kinds of Corne Flags growe in medowes, and in eareable grounds among corne in many pla- great plentie of them in our London gardens, efpe- cially for the garnifhing and decking them vp,with their feemely flowers. it The time. They flower from May to the end ofluly. # The names. Corne Flag is called in Greeke^Vo^ in Latine Gladiolus, and of forne Enfa of others tp&ysmv, and Gladiolusfegetalis: Theophrajlm in his difcourle of Phafganum , maketh it the fame with Xiphion. Vale¬ rius Cor dm calleth Corne Flag Viciorialisfeemina: others Vittorialis rotunda: In the Germaine toong t to make a difference betweene Gla¬ diolus and Viftorialis , feeing that the right Victoria- lis is akinde of Garlicke found vpon the higheft tops of the Alpifh mountaines, which is likewife called of the Germains ^)£i£lUUtt? * lb that Cor dm did forget himfelfe in calling Gladiolm Vi flo¬ rid^ * notwithftanding the Germaines appellations. The flowers of Corne Flag are called of the Italians Monacuecio : in Englifh Corne Flag,Corne Sedge, Corne Gladin: in French Glais. iiThe nature. The roote of Corne FIag,as C74/c«faith,isofforcetodrawe,wafteor confume away and dric, as alio of a fubtill and digefting qualitie. it The venues. A The roote ftamped with the powder of frankenlence and wine,applied, draweth foorth fplinters and thornes that fticke faft in the flefh. B Being ftamped with themeale of Darnell and honied water, doth wafte and make fubtill harde lumps, nodes and fwellings being emplaiftred. ces of Italy, as alio in the parts of Fraunce borde¬ ring rherunto. Neither are the fields of Auftria and Morauia without them,as Cor dm writeth.We haue 2 Gladiolusflore Pallido. Some HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 97 Some affinne that the vpper roote prouoketh bodilic luft,and the lower caufeth barrennefle. C The vppcr roote drunke in water , is profitable againftthat kindeof burfhngin children called D Enterocele. The roote of Corne flag damped with hogs greafe and wheaten meale, hath been found by late E practitioners in Phificke and Chirurgerie to be a certaine and approoued remedie againft Struma , ScrophulM ^nd duch like dwellings in the throte. The cods with the feed dried and beaten into powder, & drunke in Goates milke, or Afles milke, F prefentlie taketh away the paine of the collickc. Of Hyacinthes and their hfids. Chap.jo. # The kindes. • * *• • f ; aT • » ? 'v » T Here belikewife Bulbus or Onion rooted plants that do orderly ducceedjwhereof dome are to be eaten, as Onions, Garlick, Leekes, and Ciues; notwithftandinglamfirftto entreateof thode Bulbed rootes,whodc faire and beautifull flowers haue recciued grace and ornament in gardens, and Garlands: the firffc are the Hyacinths, whereof there is founde at this day diuers forts differing verynota bly in many points, as fhall be declared in their deuerall dedcriptions. I Hyacinthmfiellatits Fuchsij. 2 Hyacinth it*ft e Hat us Lilifolias. Starrielacinth. Lillie Iacinth. ^ The dejeription. I * |“^ He firft kind of Iacinth hath very fat thicke browne Icaucs,hollow like a little trough ,very I brittle, of the length of a finger: among which fhoote vp fat thicke brownifh ftalkes, fodt and verie tender,and ful ofiuice, wherupon do grow many final blew flowers confifting of fixe little leauesjfpread abrode like a liar. The feed is contained in finall round bullets, which are do V G i ponderous «?8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ponderous or heauie,that they lie trailing vpon the ground. The roote is bulbus or Onion fafhion, couered with brownifh fcales orfilmes. There is founde another of this kinde which feldome or neuer hath more than two leaues.The rootes are bulbed like the other. The flowers be whitifh ftar fafhion, tending to blew’nefie, which I receiuedfrom Robinus of Paris. 2 The fecond kind of Hyacinth hath many brode leaues fpread vpon the ground-jibe vnto thofe of garden Lillie,but fhorter.The (hikes do rife out of the middeft thereof bare,naked,& verie fmooth, anhandfull high 5 at the top whereof do grow fmall blew flowers ftar fafhion, verie like vnto the preccdent.The roote is tbicke andfullofiuice,compa£t of many fcalie cloucs of a yellow colour. Likewife we haue anotherfort in our London gardens ofthis ftarry Hyacinths,like vnto the Hya¬ cinths of Fuchfm defeription, hauing for the mod part three leaues. The flowers are of a purple blew colour. is 'The place. Thefc plants do grow in many places of Germanie, in woods and mountaines, as Fuchfius and Gcjner do teftifie. In Bohemia alfo vpon diuers banks that are full of herbs. In England we cherifh them in our gardens onely for the beautie of the flower. is The time. They begin to flower in the middeft of Ianuarie,and bring foorth their feede in May. is The names. The fir ft of thefe Hyacinths is called Hyacinthus fiellatus , or St e [laris Fuchsij , of the ftar-like flowers: Narcijfus carulem Becky: of fome Flos Martinsfiellatus. The Lillie Hyacinth is called Hyacinthus Germanic us lilifiorus ,or Germanie Hyacinth,taken from the countrie where it naturally groweth vvilde: ofothers Hyacinthus bifolius&s of Theophr alius* 3 Hyacinthus autumnalis. 4 Hyacinthus autumnalismaiot. Winter Hyacinth. Great Winter Hyacinth. 99 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The defer ift ion. 3 Autumne Iacint is the leaftof alllacints: it hath (mall narrow graflie leauesfpread abroad vpon the ground ; in the.middeft vvherof fpringeth vp a (mall naked ftalke an handful high, fet from the middle to the top with many (mall ftarlike blew flowers, hailing certaine (mallloofechiues in the middle. The (eede is blacke contained in (mall husks: the roote is Bulbus or Onion rooted. 4 The great winter Iacint is like vnto the precedent in leaues, ftalkes and flowers, not differing in any one point,but in greatnefle. l * The f lace. Thefe Autumne Iacints grow not of themleluesor wildcin England, notwithftandinglhaue them in my garden,although they be very rare with vs inLondon. ft The time. Thye flower in the end of September,and (ometimes after. ft The names. 1 The firft is called Hyacinthus Autumnalispt Autumne Iacint,and winter Iacint. 2 The (econd Hyacinthus Autumnalts mxiorfhz great Autumne Iacint,or winter Iacint. 5 Hyacinthus ^Anglic us. Blew Englifh Hare-Bels. 6 Hyacinthus alhus ^Anglicus. White Englifh Hare-Bels. ft The defeription. 5 The blew Harebels or Englifh Iacint is very common throughout all England. It hath long narrow leaues leaning towards the ground, among the which fpring vp naked or bare (talks, loden with many hollow blew flowers, ofaftrongfweetefrnell, (ome what fluffing the head: after which come the cods or round knobs,conteining a great quantitie of (mall blacke fhining feed. The roote is Bulbus,ful of a (limy glewifh iuice,which will (erue to fee feathers vpon arrowes in fteed of glew, ar topafte bookes with: whereof is made the beft ftarche next vnto that of Wake robin rootes. G 2 6 The THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 6 The white Englifh Iacint is altogether like vnto the precedent,failing that the leaues hereofare fomwhat broader, the flowers more open,and very white of colour. There is found wilde in many places of England, another fort, which hath flowers of a faire car¬ nation colour, which maketh a difference f rom the other. •fr The place. The blewHarebels dogrowe wilde in woods, copies, and in the borders offieldseuery where through England. The other two are not fo common,yet do they grow in the woods by Colcheftcr in Effex, in the Eeldes and woods by Southfleete neere vnto Graues-end in Kent, as alfo in a peece of grounde by Canturburie called the Clapper, in the fields by Bathe, about the woods by Warrington in Lan- cafhirc and other places. The time. They flower from the beginning of Maie vnto the end of Iune. •&The names. The firft ofour Englifh Iacints is called Hiacinthus Anglicus, for that it is thought to grow more plentif Lilly in England than elfe where: of Do done us Hyacinthus nonJcriptus , or the vnwritten Iacint. The other Hyacinthus Belgian candidmpt the Lowe countrey Iacint with white flowers. 7 Hyacinthus orient alls caruleus. Tiie blew Orientail Iacint. 8 Hyacinthus orientals Polyanthos. Double Orientail Iacint. •fy The description. 7 The orientail Iacint hath great leaues,thicke,fat,and full of iuice, deepely holloweid in the mid- die like a trough: from the middle of thofc leaues rifeth vp a ftalke two hands high, bare without leaues,very finooth, loft and full of iuice, loden toward the top with many faire blew flowers, hol¬ low like a bell, greater than the Englifh Iacint. The roote is great, Bulbus or Onion fafhion, coue- red with many foalie reddifh filmes or pillings,fuch as thofe that couer Onions. 8 The double Iacint or Iacint with many flowers (for fo doth the word Polyanthos import) hath very many large and broad leaues, fhort and very thicke, fat or full of flimie iuice: from the middle whereof rile vp ffrong thicke groffe (talks, bare and naked, fot from the middle to the top with ma- ny HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ioi ny blew or skie coloured flowers, growing for the moft part vpon one fide of the ftalke.The roote is great, thicke and full of flimie iuice. There is come vnto vs from beyond the feas diners other forts, whole figures are not extant with vs,of which there is one like vnto the firft of thele orientall Iacints, fauing that the flowers thereof are purple coloured. Likewile there is another called Orientalisalbus, differing alio from the others in colour of the flowers,for that thele are very white,and the others blew. There is another called Hyacinths Brumalis , or winter Iacint, it is like the others in fhape, but differeth in the time of flowring. & The place. Thefe kinds of Iacints haue been brought from beyond the feas, fome out of one countrey and lome out of others, elpecially from.the Eaft countries, whereof they tooke their names Orientals. The time. They flower from the end of Ianuary vnto the end of Aprill. ie The names* There is a Lilly which Ouid in the tenth booke of his Metamorphofis called Hyacinthus , of the boy Hyacinth y ofwhole blood he faineth that this flower fp rang, when he perifhed as he was play¬ ing with Apollo y for whofe fake he faith that Apollo did print certame letters and notes of his mour¬ ning writting thus, Eccc criioYy qui fiufiiis humofignauerat Herb,ts y J) efin it ejfie cruor , Tyrioque nitentior oltro Flos oritur ,fiormamque capit,quam Lilia, jinon Pur pur eus color hiSy argenteus effiet in illis. T{on fat is hoc Phabo eft,( is enimfiuit auc lor honoris) Jpfefiuos gemitusfioliis inferibit,dr M Flos habet infieriptum yfiun efla que liter a duff a esi. . •' That is. Behold the blood of him Which dide the gralle,cealt blood to be,and vp there Iprang a trim And goodly flower, more orient then the purple cloth in graine: In fhape a lillie, were it not that lillies do remaine Of filuer colour,where as thofe ofpurple he we are leene: Although that Phoebus had the caule of this great honor beene. Yet thought he not that fame inough,and therefore did he wright His fighs vpon the leaues thereof: and fo in colour bright The flower hath writ thereon,which letters ate of griefe. Theocritus alio hath made mention of this Hyacinth in Bions Epitaph in the i^.Eidyll, Now Hyacinth,thofe letters thine tell them and do not pafle. And take vpon thy leaues« «, hei(mourning notes ) alafle. Likewife Virgillhzxh written heereof in the third Eclog of his Bucolicks, Et me Phoebus amat, Phcebo fiua fimper apudme Munerafiunt, lauri drfihaue rube ns Hyacinthus. And me Phcebus loues,P/^£ay hath his gifts alwaies with mee Trees Laurell,flowers Hyacinth fo Iweete and red to lee. In like maner alio ispemefianus in his lecond Eclog of his Bucolicks: Te fine meynifiero mihi lilia nigra videntur Pallentefique Rofie, necdulce rubens Hyacinthus: O ;itfitu veniaSy dr candida.lilia fient Purpureaque Rofie , dr dnlcc rubens Hyacinthus. Me without thee, white Lillies feeme all blacke poore man to me And Roles pale,vnfvveete the ruddieHyacinth will be: But iffo be thou corn’ll,O then the Lillies fhall be white 7/ ‘ AndRoles red,andfweetc the ruddy Hyacinth in fight. The Hyacinthes are faid to be red, which O/iid calleth purple, fome would haue them called by the name ofRuftie Iron, for that when the bell iron is made hot and wrought til it be cold, there re- niaineth a certaine blewnes,which they call iron colour ; grounding themjelues vpo n Virgils audio- * G 3 ritie. io2 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ritie,in thcfixtofhis AEneidos, where he defcribeth charons ruftieiron coloured bote, andpre* fently calleth the fame blew. Ipfe ratem conto fubigit velifcgue mimjlrat 3 Etferrugineafiibueat corpora Cymba. Himfelfe with piked pole his boate doth guide,and beares a charge, Tranfporting ftill the foules in a ruftie cankered barge. —— And Claudius alfo doth not a little confirme their opinions, who writeth that the Violets are ofa fweete iron colour in his lecond booke of the carying away of Proferpina. Sanguine oJplendore r opts,'vaccinia mgro Induity& dulci violas ferruginepingit. He trims the role with bloudy bright And Primetree berries black he makes. And decks the Violet with a fweete Darke iron colour,which it takes. But let vsreturne to the proper names from which we hauedigrefied: moftof the later Herba- rids do call this plant Hyacinthus Poeticmpx Poets Hyacinth. Paufamas in his lecond booke of his Corinthiacks, hath made mention of Hyacinthus, called of the Hermonians Comofandalas , letting downe the ceremonies done by them on their feftiuall daies, in the honor of the goddelle chthonia. The priefts faith he,and the magiftrates forthat yeere being, do leade the troupe ofthe pompe; the women and men follow after: the boies lolemnly leade foorth the goddelle with a ftately fhewe; They go in white veftures with garlands on their heads,made of a flower which the inhabitants call Ccmopndalos, which is the blew or skie coloured Hyacinth, hauing the markes and letters of mour¬ ning as aforelaid. ft- The nature. The Hyacinths mentioned in this chapter, do lightly clenle and binde, drying in the thirdede- grec.But the rootes are drie in the firfl degree,and colde in the lecond. ft The verities. A The root of Hyacinth boiled in wine and drunke,ftoppeth the belly,prouoketh vrine, and help- eth againft the venemous bitings of the fielde Ipider. B The leede is of the fame vertue, and is of greater force in flopping of the laske and bloudy fiixe: being drunke in wine it preuaileth againft the falling licknes. C The rootes after the opinion of Diojcorides 3 procure haire in beardlelle men, and fuch as haue been ouertaken with ^Tlopecia. 7 zu . ■ ;■ ; .• v r ’ Of faire haired lacint . Cbap.yi. ft Thedefcription. 1 He faire haired lacint hath long fatleaues,holIowed alogft the inlide,trogh falhion,as are I mod of the Hyacinthes,of a darkc green colour,tending to rednes.The ftalke rifeth out of the midft of the leaues,bare & naked, loft & ful of flimie iuice,which are belet round about with many final! flowers of an ouerworne purple colour: the top of thefpikeof flowers conlifteth of a number of faire fbining purple flowers, in maner of a tuft or bufh of haires, whereof it tooke his name Como fits, or faire haired. The,leed is conteined in Imall bullets, of a fhining blacke colour, as are molt of thofe of the Iacints. The roote is Bulbus or Onion fafhion, full of flimie iuice with loine hairie threds,faftened vnto his bottom. 2 White haired lacint differeth not from the precedent in rootes, ftalkes,Teaues or feede. The flowers heerol are ofa darke white colour,with fome blacknes in the hollow part of them,which let- teth foorth the difference. Of thiskinde I receiued .another lort from Conftantinople, rcfembling the fiift hairie lacint very notablyibut dilfereth in that,that this is altogither greater,afwell in leaues,rootes and flowers, as alfo is of greater beautie without all comparifon. I Hyacinthus HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 103 I Hync'mthus comofus. 2 Hyacznthuseomojuf albus, > Faire haired Iacinr. White haired Iacint. 3 Hyacwthus Botryoides cat tile us. 4 Hyacinthus BotryotcUsctruleus maior* Blew Grape flower. Great Grape flower. io4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ieThe deferiftion. 3 The (mall Grape flower hath many long fat and weake leaues,trailing vpon the ground,hollo w in the middle like a little trough, full of flimie iuice like the other Iacints: among which come foorth thicke,(oft,fmooth and weake ftalkes,leaning this way and that way, as not able to (land vp- right,by reafon it is furcharged with very heauie flowers on his top, confiding of many little bottle¬ like b^ vvflowcrsjclofely thruft or packt togither like a bunch of grapes, of aftrong finell, yet not vnplea(ant,fomwhat reiembling the (auour of the Orenge. The roote is round and Bulbus,fet about with infinite yoong cloues or rootes,whereby it greatly encreafeth. 4 The great Grape flower is verie like vnto the (mailer ofhiskinde. The difference confifteth in that tlxis plant is altogither greater,but the leaues are not fo long. 5 Hyacinth m botryoides C&ruleu* amcenus. 6 Hyacinthus botryoides lacleus* Skie coloured Grape flower. White Grape flower. The defer ip ion. 5 The skie coloured Grape flower hath a few leaues in re(pe< 5 t of the other Grape flowers, the which are fhorter, fuller ofiuice, ftiffe and vpright, whereas the others trade vpon the ground. The flowers grow at the top, thruft or packt togither like a bunch of Grapes, of a pleafant bright skie colour,euerie little bottle-like flower, (et about the hollow entrance with (mail white fpots, not eafie to be perceiued.The rootes are like the former. 6 The white Grape flower differeth not from the skie coloured Iacint, but ; n the colour of flo¬ wers : for this Iacint is of a pleafimt white colour tending to yellownefie, tipped about the hollow part with white,whiter than white it felfe,otherwi(e there is no difference. # The place. Thefe plants are kept in gardens for the beautie of their flowers, wherewith our London gardens do abound. & The time. They flower from February to the end of May. * The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 105 * The names. -- ■ ' • The Grape flower is called Hyacinthus Botryoides^nd Hyacinths T^eoticorm Dodonat: of fome * The nature and vertues. There is not any thingfet down of the ancient or later writers, of the nature »d venues of thefe, but they are referred vnto the other Iacints. vti ' Of tTK'tufcari/jr Mussed grape flower. Cbap.ji. The defer iff ion. 1 X 7 " Ellow Mufcarie hath fiueor fixe long Ieaues (pread vpon the ground,thicke,fat,and full of Y flimie iuice, turning and winding themfelues crookedly this way and that way, hollowed alongftthe middle like a trough, as are thofeof faire haired Iacint, which at the firft bud¬ ding or fpringingvp are of apurplifh colour ^ but being growen to perfection, become of adarke greene colour ramongft the which Ieaues rife vp naked jthicke & fat (hikes,infirme and weake in re¬ aped of the greatnes therof 3 lying alfo vpon the ground as do the Ieaues: let from the middle to the top on euery fide with many yellow flowers, euery one made like a finall pitcher or little boxe 3 with a narrow mouth; exceeding fiveete of fmelllike thefauourof muske, whereof it tooke the name Mtfcari.Thc (cede is inclofed in puffed or blowcn vp cods, confufedly made without order, of a fat and (pungiousfubftance: wherein is contained round blackefeede. The roote is Bulbus or Onion fafhion,whereunto are annexed certaine fat and thicke firings like thofe of Dogs grafle. 2 Afh coloured Mufcari or grape flower, hath larg and fat Ieaues like the precedent, not differing in any point,failing thatthefe Ieaues at their firft (pringing vp are of a pale duftie colour fike afhes. •*’ “ " " ' The ic 6 THETFIRST BOOKE OF THE The flowers are likewifc fweete,but of a pale bleake colour, wherein confifteth the difference. •/'. -.voV -7 The place. " ’ ’’ . Thefc plants came from beyond Bofphorus in Afia,and about ConftantinopIe,the which by the meanes of friends hairc been brought into thefe parts of Europe, whereofour London gardens are poflefled. ■ - bnse r . ‘ k The time. They flower in March and Aprillymdfomtimes after. k The names. They are called generally Mujcari , intheThufcane orTurkie toong Mufchoromi, Mufcurimi , Tipcadi y and Dip cadi, oftheir pleafant fweete fmcll: of ATathialm , Bulbm Vomitorim. Thefe plants maybe referred vhto the Hyacinthes,whereofvhdoubtedly they be kinds. it The nature andvertues. There hath not as yet any thingbeen touched concerning the nature or vertuesof thefeplants, onely they are kept and maintained in gardens for the pleafant fmell of their flowers 3 but not for their beautie,for that many flanking field flowers do in beafitfe far furpaftc them. But it fhouldfeem that Mathiolus called them Fomitorim, in that they do procure vomiting 3 which of other audors hath not been remembred. Of Jfoolly "Bulbm. Chap.j 3 . Bulbm Eriophorm. Woolly Iacint. # The defeription. T Here hath fallen out to be heere inferted a Bulbus plant confifling of many Bulbes, which hath pafled currant amongft all our late writers.The which I am to fet forth to the view of our nation 3 as others hauedone in fundrie lan¬ guages to theirs, as a kinde of the Hyacinths: which in rootes and leaues it doth verie well re¬ ferable, called of the Grecians €e«?«p©-: in Latine Laniferm , bicaufe of his abundance of woolly flockes, wherewith the whole plant is in euerie part full fraughted,as well rootes,leaues,as ftalkes.The leaues are broade, thicke,fat, full of iuice 3 and of a fpiderlike webbe when they be broken. Among thefe leaues rifeth vp a ftalk two cubits high,much likevntotheftalkeof Squilla, or fea Onion. And from the middle to the top it is befet round about with many final ftarlike blew flowers without frnel, verie like to the flowers of Afphodill, beginning to flower at the bottome, and fo vpward by degrees, whereby it is long before it hath done flowring: which flowers the learned Fhifition of Vienna Iohannes ^Aicholzim defired long to fee , who brought it firft from Conftantinople, and planted Jit in his garden, where he nourifhed it ten yeeres with great curiofitie; w'hich time being expired, thinking it to be a barren plant, fent it to Carolus Clnfm , with whom in fome few yeeres it did beare fuch flowers as before deferibed,but neucr fince to this day. This painefuli Herbarifl; would gladly haue feene the feede that fhould fucceed thofe flowers: but they being of a nature quickly fubied to perifh, decaie, and fade, began prefently to pine away, leaning onely a fewe chaffie and idle feede veffels without fruit.My felfe haue been pofieffed with this plant at the leaft 12.yeers,wherof I haue ycercly great increafc of newrootes 3 but! didneuerfee any token of budding or flowring to this day: HIS TO R IE OF PLANTS. 107 day: notwithflandingl (hall be content tofufferit in lome bafe place or other of my garden to (land as the cipher 0 at the end of the figures to attend his time & Ieafure, as thole men ot famous memorie haue done. Of whole temperature and vertues there hath not any thing beene faide, but kept in gardens to the end afore faid. Of two fained figures, Cbap.jq.. I Btdbus bombicinus commentitius . Falfe bumbafte Iacint. 2 Tigriditflos. The flower of Tigris. ikThe defer /'pt ion. 1 T Haue thought it conuenient to conclude this hiftorie of the Hyacinthes with thefe two Bul~ I bus plants,receiued by tradition from others, though generally holden for fained and adulte- rine.Their pictures I could willingly haue omitted in this hiftorie, if the curious eie could elle where haue found them drawn & deferibed in our Englifh toon g: but bicaule I finde them in none, I wil lay them down heere to the end that it may lerue for excufe to others w'ho fhal com after 3 which lift notto deferibe them,being as I faid 3 condemned for fained and adulterine 3 nakedly drawen onely and called by others Bulbus Bombicinus,and by fom Comment it /^.The defeription confifteth of thefe points ,vide/.The flowers(faith the author)are no IefTe ftrange then wonderfull. The leaues &rootes are like to thole of Hyacinths, which hath caufed it to eccupie this place. The flowers re- femble the Daffodils or JSljirciffus. The whole plant confifteth of a woollie or flockie matter: which defeription with the pidure was lent vnto Dodontus by Iohannes ^zcholzius. It may be that Aicholzius receiued inftrudions from the Indies of a plant called in Greekc red^'cV, which greweth in India, whereof Theopbraflus and k_Athen<eus doe write in this maner,faying. The flower is like the NaniJJusc onfifting of a flockie or woollie fubftance, which by him feemeth to be the difeription of our bombafte Iacint. 2 The fecond fained pidurehath beentakenof the difeouerer, and others of later time, tobea kind of Dragons not feene of anv that hath written thereof, which hath mooted them to tbinke it a - ' r - “-- - : ■ - fained 108 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE faincd pi&ure likewife; notwithstanding you fhall recciue the defcriptionthereofas it hath come to my hands. The roote(faith my Author)is Bulbus or Onion falhion, outwardly blacke: from the which fp ring vp long leaues,fharpe pointed 3 narrow 3 and of a frefh greene colour: in the iniddeft of which leaues rile vp naked or bare ftalkes,at the top whereof groweth a plealant yellow flower,ftai- ned with many fmall red lpots,heere and there confufedly call abroade. And in the iniddeft of the flower,thrufteth foorth along red toong or ftile 3 which in time groweth to be the cod or feed velfel, crooked or wreathed,wherein is the leed.The vertues and temperature are not to be fpoken of, con- fidering that we alfuredly perlwade our felues that there are no fuch plants, but meere fidions and dcvifes as we tearme them,to giue his freind a goudgeon,&c. Of ‘Daffodils. Chap . 75 . ft The kindes. Affodill or Narciffus , according to Diofioridesjs of two forts. The flowers of both are white, I the one hauing in the middle a purple circle or coronet: the other with a yellow cuppe cir¬ cle or coronet. Since whole time there hath been fundry others delcribed, asfhallbefet foorth in their proper places. I Narcijjus medio pur pur eus. Purple circled Dalfodill. 2 NareiJJus medio pur pure us pracox . Timely purple ringed Daifodill. ft The defeription. I > "T h He firft of the Daffodils is that with the purple crownc or circle, hauing fmall narrowe leaues, thicke,fat,and ful offlimie iuice ramong the which rifeth vp a naked ftalke, fmooth and hollow,of afootehigh,bearingat the top afaire milke white flower, growing forth of a hood, or thin filme, fuch as the flowers of Onions are wrapped in: in the iniddeft of which flower is a round circle or fmall coronet of a yellowifh coiour,purfled dr bordered about the edge of the laid ring or circle, with a plealant purple colour, which beirig.paft, therefollweth.a thickeknobbeor button. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 109 button,wherein is conteined blacke round feede.The roote is white, Bulbus or Onion fafhion. 2 The fecond kinde of Daffodill agreeth with the precedent in euerie refpeft without difference, failing that this Daffodill flowreth in the beginning of February, and the other not vntil Aprill,and is fomewhat leffer. ft The deferzption. 3 The third kinde of Daffodil with the purple ring or circle in the middle, hath many final narrow leaues, very flat, crookedly bending toward the top: among which rifeth vp a {lender bareftalke, at whole top doth grow a faire and pleafant flower, like vnto thofe before deferibed, but leffer, and flowreth fooner, wherein confifteth the difference. 4 The fourth ofthefe purple Daffodils is like vnto the Iaft before deferibed, but leffer, and doth bring foorth his pleafant flowers firft of all the others,which maketh the difference. 3 T^arciJJttsmediopurpureasprtcocior. 4 T^xrciffusmediopurpureasfrtcocifimus. More timely purple-ringed Daffodill. T he very haftie flowring Daffodill. 5 This late flowring Daffodill hath many flat thicke leaues ,full ofiuiceramong the which rifeth a naked ftalke,on the top whereof groweth a faire white flower,hauingin the middle a ringe or yellow r circle.The feede groweth in knobby feede veflels.The roote is Bulbus or Onion f afhion: it flowreth later than the others before deferibed,that is to fay in Aprill and May. 6 The fixt kinde of Daffodill is that fort of ipjirciffuso'i Primrofe peereleffe,that is moft common in our countrey gardens,generally knowne euery where. It hath long fat and thicke leaues, full of a flimie iuice: among which rifeth vp a bare thicke ftalke, hollow within and full ofiuice. The flower groweth at the top, of a yellowifh white colour, with a yellow crowne or circle in the middle: and flowreth in the month of Aprill,and fom times fooner.The roote is Bulbus fafhion. 5 T^arc/JJJis 3 10 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 5 Harcijfmminor (erotimu. 6 TJjmiJpismeiioluteus. The late flowring fmall Daffodill. Primro/epeerles, or the common white Daffodil!. 7 Iffartiffin tnedioluteuspolymthou French Daffodill. 8 Iffar tiffin Pifams. Italian Daffodill. Ill HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft Thedefcriptzon. 7 The feuenth Daffodill hath many broad and thicke leaucs,fat and full of iuice,hollow and fpun- eious. The ftalks, flowers and rootes are like the former, and diifereth in that that this plant bring- eth foorth many flowers vpon one ftalke,and the other fewer, and not of fo perfect a fweete fmell, but more offenfuie and ftuifing the head. It hath this addition Polyanthos, that is, of many flowers, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference. . - . ' • 8 The Italian Daffodillis very like the former, the which to diftinguifh in words that they may be ' knowne one from another, is impoffible. Their flowers,leaues and rootes are like, failing that the flowers of this are fweeter and mo in number. 9 TUrctfnsdbusfolymihos. io Tfjtrci,fas torn Mus. The double white Daffodill of Conftantinoplc. Milke white Daffodill. ft The defer iff ion. 9 The double white Daffodill of Conftantinoplc .was lent into England vnto the right Hono¬ rable the Lord Trealurer, among other bulbed flowers: whole rootes when they were planted in our London gardens,did bring foorth beaijtifull flowers, very white and double,.with lome yellow- nes mixed in the middle Ieaues, plealant and fweete in fmell; but lince that time we neuer could by any induftrie or manuring bring them vnto flowriflg againc.So that it fhould appeere,when they were difehargedof that birth or burden which they had begotten in their owrie countrey, and not finding that matter/©He or climate to beget more flowers,they remaine euer lince barren and fruit- lelfe. Belides we found by experience that thole plants which in Autumne did fhoote forth Ieaues, did bring foorth no flowers at all; and the others that appeered not vntill the fpring, did ftourifhSc beare their flowers. The ftalks,leaucs and rootes are like vnto the other kinds ofDaffodill. It is cal¬ led of the Turks G'ml CatAmer Lie y that is T^arcljjus with double flowers. Notwithftanding we haue receiued from beyond the fleas, as well from the lowe Conn tries, as alfo from Fraunce another fort of greater beautie^which from yecre to ycere doth yecld foorth moftpleafant double flowers, and great encreafe of rootes, very like as well in ftalks as other parts of the plant, vnto the other forts of Daffodils. It differeth onely in the flowers which are very double and thicke thruft togither, as 112 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE as arc the flowersof our double Primrofe, hauing in the middle of the flower fome fewe chiues or welts,of a bright purple colour,and the other mixed with yellow as aforefaid. i o The milke white DafFodill differeth not from the common white DafFodill, or Primrofe peere- Iefle,in leaues flalkes,rootes or flowers, failing that the flowers of this plant hath not any other co¬ lour in the flower but white,whereas all the others are mixed with one colour or other. 11 Narcijfus Iuncifoliuspracox, 12 TpjirciJfus luncifolius ferotims . Rufh Daffodil!. Late flowring Rufh DafFodill. The defecription. 11 The rufh DafFodill hath long narrow and thicke leaues, very fmooth and flexible,almofl: round likerufhes, whereofittookehisfurname/^w//^//^orRufhie. It fpringethvp in the beginning of January,at which time alfo the flowers do fhoote foorth their buds at the top of fmall rufhie ftalkes, fomtimes two and often more vpon one ftalke,made of fixe fmall yellow leaues. The cup or crowne in the middle is Iikewife yellow, in fhaperefembling the other DaifodiIs,but fmaller,and of a ftrong fweete fmcll.The roote is bulbed,white within,and couered with a blacke skin or filme. 12 The twelth kinde of Nxrcifeiis is another fort of rufh DafFodill, like vnto the precedent in ech refpe< 5 t,fauing that this is altogither lefter,and longer before it come to flowring. *& The defeription. 13 The Pctfian DafFodill hath no ftalke at all, but onely a fmall and tender foote flalke of an inch high, fitch as the Saffron flower hath: vpon which fhort and tender ftalke doth ftand a yellowifh flower,conli fling of fixe fmall leaues ;of which the three inner moft are narrower than thofe on the out fide. In the middle of the flower doth grow foorth a long ftile or pointell, fet about with many fmall chiues or threds.The whole flower is of an vnpleafant finell, much like to Poppie. The leaues rife vp a little before the flower, long, fmooth, and fhining. The roote is Bulbed, thicke and grofle, blackifh on the out fide, and pale within, with fome threds hanging at the lower part, 14 The Autumne DafFodill bringeth foorth long fmooth glittering leaues, of a deepe greene colour: among which rifethvpa fhort flalke, bearing at the top one flower and no more, refem- hling the flowers ofinead Saffron, or common Saffron, confifting of fixe leaues,of a bright fhining yellow colour; in the middle whereof ftand fixe threads or chiues, and alfo a peftell or clapper yel¬ low likewife.The roote is thicke and groffe,like Ynto the precedent. 13 TS^arciffm HISTORIE 13 Tftrciffus Perficus. The Perfian Daffodill. 15 2 \arciffius autumn alts minor. Small winter Daffodill. OF PLANTS. ii) 14 Narcijfus ^Autumnali* maior. The great winter Daffodill. Ik The defer iption. 15 Small winter Daffodill hath a bulbus roote, much like vnto the roote ofrufh Daffodill 3 but lefc fer: from the which rifeth vp a naked ftalke with¬ out leaues, on the top whereof grovvech afmall white flower with a yellow circle in the middle, fweete in fmell, fomething fluffing the head 3 as doe the other Daffodils. The place. The Daffodils with purple coronets,do grow wilde in fundry places of Fraimce 3 chiefely in Burgundy and in Switzerland in medowes. The ruih Daffodill groweth wilde in the vva- rerie places of Spaine among graffe and other herbes. Diofcorides faith that they be efpeciallie found vpon mountaines. Thcocritus affirmeth the Daffodils to growe in medowes in his 20. Eidyl\ where he writeth that thegoddeffe Europa ente¬ ring with hir Nymphs into the medowes, did ga¬ ther the fweet fuelling Daffodils in thefe verfes. But when the girles tr ere come into T he medowes flowring all in fight, T hat wench with thefe 3 this wench with thole T rimflow ersjbertojc lues did all delight: She with jf^Narcifle troedin font., Andfee with Hyacinths content. Hi ^ But o H4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE But it is not greatly to our purpofe particularly to feeke out their places of growing wild, feeing that we haue them all,and euerie of them in our London gardens in great abundance.The common white Daffodill groweth wildin fields and Tides of woodes in the weft parts of England, k The time. They flower for the moft part in the fp ring,that is,from the beginning of Februarie vnto the end of April!. The Perfian and winter Daffodils do flower in September and October. k The names. Although their names be let foorth in their (euerall titles, which may ferue for their appellations and diftindtions: notwithftanding it fhall not be impertinent to adde a fupplie of names,as alfo the caufe why they are fo called. The Perfian Daffodill is called in the Slavonian or TutViihtoon^ZaremcadaPerfana, andZa- remcatta , as for the moft part all other fortes of Daffodils are. Notwithftanding the double flowred Daffodill, they name Giulcatamer lale: which name they generally giuevnto all double flowers. The common white Daffod’il with the yellow circle,they call Serin Cade,that is to fay, the kings chalice, and Deue bohiniyv Inch is to fay. Camels necke,or as we do fay of a thing with long fpindle fhinnes,!ong fhankes,vrgingit from the long necke of the flower. The rufb Daffodill is called of fome Ionquillius, of the fimilitude the leaues haue with rufhes: of Diofcor ides Bidbm vomitories, or vomiting Bulbe. Generally all the kindesare comprehended vnderthis nam zNjirciJfm, called of the Grecians vzpyjfiroi . in Dutch Bai'CtlTen X in Spanifh lennetten: in Englifh Daffodiliy,DaffodowndrlIy,& Prime- rofe peereleffe. Plutarch in his booke of Feaftes, fheweth that they are called Narcijfus^ as though they did be- numthe finewes, and caufe dre vfineffeor heauinefle , and therefore Sophocles nameth them the garland of the great infernall goddes,bicaufe they that are departed and dulled with death, fhould woorthily be crowned with a dulling flower. Of the fir ft and fecond Daffodill, Ouidhath made mention in the third booke of his Met amorpho¬ us y where he deferibeththe transformation of the faireboie Narcijfus into a flower of hisowne name, faying: Nufquam corpus eratqcrcceum pro cor poreflorem Inueniunt foliis medium cingentibus albis. But as for bodie none remaind,inftead whereof they found Ayellow flower,with milke white Ieaucs,new fprong vpon the ground. Plmie and Plutarch allirme as partly hath beenc touched before, that their narcoticke qualitie, was the verie caufe of the name Narcijfus, that is a qualitie caufing fleepinefle, which in Greeke is called vstpuZm: or of thefifh Torpedo called in Greeke which benummeth the hands of them that touch him as being hurtfull to the finewes, and bringing dulnefle to the head,which propertie belongeth to theNarcifles,whofe fmellcaufeth drowfineffe. k The nature. . ( The rootes of Narcijfus are hot and drie in the fecond degree. k The vertues. A Galen faith, that the rootes of Narcijfus haue fuch woonderful qualities in drying, that they con¬ found and glue togither verie great wounds,yea and fuch rifts,gafhes or cuts, as happen aboutthe vaines, finewes.and tendons. They haue alfo acertaine wiping,cleanfing,and attraAing facultie. g The rootes of Narcijfus (lamped with honie and applied plaifterwife,helpeth them that are burnt with fire,and ioincth togither finewes that are cut in funder. C Being vfed in mancr aforefaid, it helpeth the great wrenches of the ankles, the aches and paines of the ioints. D The fame taken with honie and the feed of ncttles,purgeth the difeafe which caufeth fpottines in the body,called Ephelis and ^Alphus, and funne burning. E The lame damped with barrowes greafe, and leuen of rie bread , hafteneth to maturation hard impoftumes,'which are not eafily brought to ripeneffe. F Being (lamped with the meale of cockle and honie, it draweth foorth thornes and flubs out of any part of the bodie, ' ' The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ii 5 The roote by the experiment of ^puletus ,(lamped and drained,and giuen in drinkejhelpeth the G cough and collicke,and thole that be entered into a ptificke. The rootes whether they be eaten or drunken, do moue vomit 5 and being mingled with vineger H and nettle feed,taketh away Ientiles and (pots in the face. Of the bajlardf^ajfodils. Chap, 7 6 . 1 P feudonarciffm Intern multiplex. Double yellow DafFodill. 2 P(eudonarcijjiti K^ingltcm & Hijpanicm. Common yellow Daffodilly. •ft The defcription. 1 He double yellow Daffodill hath (mall fmooth narrow leaues,of a darke greene colour: a- ? mong which rifeth vp a naked hollow ftalke , of two hands high : bearing at the top a faire and beautiful! double yellow flower , as is the Marigolde, of a pleafing (weete (inelf.lt fheadeth his flower, but there follovveth no feed at all, asithapnethinmany other double flowers .The roote is (inall,bulbus or Onion fafhionlike vnto the other Daffodils,but much (mailer. 2 The common yellow Daffodilly or Daffodowndilly is fo well knowne to all, that it needeth no defcription. We haue in our London gardens another (ort of this common kinde, which naturallie groweth in Spaine,very like vnto our beft knowne Daffodil in fhape and proportion, but altogither fairer,greater,and lafteth longer,before the flower doth fall or fade. it The place. The double yellow Daffodill I receiued from Rohimcsoi Paris, which he procured by meanes of friends from Aurelia,and other parts of Fraunce. The yellow Englifh Daffodill groweth almofteuery where through England. The yellow Spa- nifh Daffodill d<ath likewife decke vp our London gardens where they increafe infinitely. ii The time. The doubleDaffodill (endethfoorth hisleauesin thebeginningofFebruarie, and his flowers in Aprifl. H 2 it The ii 6 THE FIRST BOOICE COF THE iiThemmes. • .■ The flrft is called Ppeudonarcifjhsmultiplex , and Narcifjutluteut Tolyanthos: in Englifh, the dou¬ ble yellow Daffbdill or Narcijfus. n n • , . . . . The common lort are called in Dutch inEnglifh yellowe Daffodilly Daffodilly,and Daffodowndilly. ii The temperature. The temperature is referred vnto the kinds of Narciffus. ii Thevertues. .■ Touching the vertues heereof,it is found out by experiment of lome of the later Philitions, that the decodion of the rootes of this yellow Daffodilly,doth purge by liege tough and flegmatike hu¬ mors and alfo waterifh,and is good for them that are full of rawe humors, efpecially if there be ad¬ ded thereto a little anile feede and ginger , which will corred the churiifh hardnefle of the working. B The diftilled water ofDaffodils doth cure the pallie, ifthe patient be bathed and rubbed with the faid liquor by the fire.lt hath beene prooued by an efpecial and truftie friend of mine,a man learnedj and a diligent learcher of nature. Mailer Nicholas Belfin , fomtimes of Kings colledge in Cam¬ bridge. /#' # Of Tulip a or the Dalmatian cap . Chap . 77 . 1 Tulip a Bononienjis . Italian Tulipa. 2 Tulipa Bolonienjis Tfjtrhdmhjis. French Tulipa. it Thekindes. T Vulipapt the Dalmatian cap, is a llrang and forraine flower, one ofthe number of the bulbed flowers,whereof there be fundrie forts, fome greater, fome Idler, with which all lludious and painefull Herbarills delire to be better acquainted,bicaule of that excellent diuerlitie of moll braue flowers which it beareth. Of this this there be two chiefe and generall k'mdc$ 3 videl. Prxcox and 1 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 117 M and Serotina, the one doth beare his flowers timely 3 the other later: to thefe two, we will ad Je a third fort called Media, flowring between both the others. And from thefe three forts , as from their heads,all other kinds do proceede 3 which are almoft infinite in number. Notwithftanding my Jouing freind Mafter times Garret, a curious fearcher of Simples, and learned Apothecarie in Lon¬ don, hath vndertaken to finde out if it were poffible, the infinite forts by diligent fowingof their feedes 3 and by planting thole of his owne propagation 3 and by others receiucd from his friends be¬ yond the fees,for the fpace of twentic yeeres not being yet able to attaine to the end of his trauaile, for that each new veerebringeth foorth new plants of fundriecolours not before feene: all which to deferibe particularlie 3 were to roule Si fichus ftone,or number the fandes: lo that it fhall fufhee to ipeak&defcribe afew,referring the reft tofom that meane to write of Tulipa a particular volume. &T he defer ip ion. . . He 7 ulipa of Bolonia hath fat, thicke, and grefle leaues 3 hoIlow 3 forrowed or channeled, bending a little backward,^ as it were folded togither: which at their firft coming vp 3 feem to be of a reddifh colour, and being throughly growen, turne into a whitifh greene.In the midft of thofe leaues rife vp a naked fat ftalk a foote nigh,or fomthing moreron the top wherof ftan- deth one or two yellow flowers, (bmetime three 3 or more 3 confifting of fixe final! leaues, after a fort like to a deepe wide open cup, narrow aboue, and wide in the bottome. After it hath beene fbme fewedaies flowred, the points and brims of the flower turne backward, like a Dalmatian or Turkes cap,called Tulip an, Tolepan, Turban 3 and Turf an, whereofit tooke his name. The chines or threads in the middle of the fiowers 3 be fomtime yellow, other whiles blackifh or purplifh 3 but commonly of one ouerworne colour or other, Nature feeming to plaie more with this flower, than any other that 1 do know .This flower is of a reafbnable pleafant finell, and the other of his kindehaue little, or no frr.cllat all. Thefecdis flat 3 finooth,fhining, andofagriftly fubftance. TherooteisBulbofe, and verie like to a common Onion of Saint Thomas. 2 The French Tulipa agreeth with the former, except in the blacke bottome which this hath in the middle of the flo wer,and is not fo fweete in frneH,which fetteth foorth the difference. 3 Tulipa pracox tot a lute a . 4 T ulipa Coccineaferotina. Timely flowring Tulipa. Late flowring Tulipa. Hj S- The nS THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ft The defer option. 3 The yellow Tulipa that flowreth timely,hath thicke and grofle leancs,ful ofiuice, long, hollow or gutter fafhion,fet about a tender ftalke,at the top whereof doth grow a faire and pleafant fhining yellow flower,confifting offixe (mail leaues without fmell. The roote is Bulbus or like an Onion. 4 The fourth kinde of Tulipa that flowreth later, hath leaues, ftalkes, and roote likevnto thepre- cedent.The flowers heerofbe of a skarlet colour, welted or bordered about the edges with red. The middle part is like vnto a hart tending to whiteneffe, fpotted in the fame whiteneffe with red fpec- idcs or fpots.The feed is conteined in fquare cods,flat,tough andfinewie. 5 Tulipx media, fanguinea albis oris . 6 T<dipa Candida fuane rubentibus oris. Apple bloome T ulipa. Blufh coloured T ulipa. ^ The description. 5 The rift fort ofTulipa,which is neither of the timely ones, nor of thclater flowring fort,but one that buddeth foorth his mod beautifull flowres betweene both. Itagreeth with the laft difcribed Tulipafes leaues,ftalkes,rootes,and feed,but different in flowers. The flower confiftcth of fixe flnall leaues ioined togither at the bottome. The middle of which leaues, are of a pleafant bloody colour. The edges be bordered with white, and the bottome next vnto,the ftalke is likewife white. The whole flower refembling in colour the b) oflbmes of an apple tree. 6 The fixt hath leaues, rootcs, ftalkes, and feed like vnto the former, but much greater in euerie point. The flowers heereof are white dafht about the brims or edges with a red or blufticolour.The middle part is dripped confufedly with the fame mixture wherein is the difference. 7 ' Carolus Clufem fetteth foorth in his Pannonicke hiftorie a kinde of Tulipa , that beareth faire red flowers, blackein the bottome with a peftellin the middle, of an ouerworne greenifh colour: of which fort there hapneth fome to haue yellowe flowers, agreeing with the others before touched , but this bringeth foorth encreafeofroore,in the bofbmeofhisloweftleafe next , : vnto HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Up Tulipa bttlbifera. Bulbofe ftalked Tulipa. o vnto theftalke, contrarie to all the other kindes of Tulipa. 8 L'Obeliusi n his learned obferuations hath fet foorth many other forts, one he callerh Tulipa edei- donica , or the Turkie Tulipa , faying it is the lea ft of the fmal kinds or dwarfe Tulipaes, whole dower is of a fanguine red colour, vpon a yellow ground, agree¬ ing with the others in roote, leafe and ftalke. 9 He hath likewife fet foorth another, his dower is like the Lillie in proportion, but in colour of aline purple. 10 We may alfo behold another fort altogither greater than any of the reft,whole dower is in colour of the ftone called Amethift, not vnlike to the dow¬ ers of Paeonie. 11 We haue likewife another ofgreat beautie,and veriemuch defiredor all,with white dowers dafhton the backlide, with a light wafn of watcher colour. 12 There is another alfo in our London gardens .of a fnow white colour: ( the edges lleightly wafht ouer with a little of that we call blnfh colour. 13 We haue another like the former, failing that his dower is ofa ftraw colour. 14 There is another to be feene with a dower mix¬ ed with ftrakes of red and yellowe, refembling a damhe ofiire, whereupon we haue called it Flam- bant. There be Iikewifelo many more differing fo notably in colour of their dowers,although in Ieaues, ftalke and rootes,for the moft part one like another, that as I laide before, tofpeake of them leue- jally, would require a peculiar volume. There be a fort greater than the reft , which in forme are like; the leaueswherof are thicke long, broade, now and then fomwhat folded in the edges, in the middeft whereof doth rife vp a ftalkea foote high or lomthing higher, vpon which ftandeth onely one dower bolt vpright, con- fiftingof fixe leaues,like after a fort to a deepe wide cup of this forme, videl. the bottome turned vp- wards,with threds or chiues in the middle,of the colour of fatfron. The colour of the dower is fom- times yellow,oftentimes white,now and then as it were of a light purple, and many times red: and in this there is no finall varietie of colours: for the edges of the Ieaues, and oftentimes the nailes or lower part of the Ieaues are now and then otherwife coloured than the Ieaues themfeiues; & manie times there doth run all along thefe ftrakes Ibmc other colours.They haue no fmell at all which can be perceiued. The rootes of thele are likewife bulbed or Onion fafhion. Euery of the which feueral- ly to fet foorth would trouble the writer and weary the Reader, fo that it fhall fuffice what hath been faide, as touching the defeription of Tulipaes. # The place. Tulipa groweth wilde in Thracia, Cappadocia, Italie; in Bizantia about Conftantinople, at Tri- polis, and Alepo in Syria, from whencel haue receiued plants for my garden, and likewife Mafter Garth a worfhipfull gentleman, and Mafter James Garret apothecarie alfo for their gardens, where they ftorifh and increafe,as in their owne natiue countrey. ft The time. They flower from the end of February vnto the beginning of Maie and fomwhat after: although linger in* Busbe quint in hisiourney to Conftantinople, lawebetweene Hadrianopolis and Con¬ ftantinople, great abundance of them in flower euery where, euen in the middeft of winter in the month of Ianuarie,which that warme and temperate climate may feeme to performe. ‘ H 4' ft The > 120 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE # The names. The later Herbarifles by a Turkifh and ftrange name call it Tulip* of the Dalmatian Cap called Tulipa,the forme whereof the flower when it is open fecmeth to reprefent. It i£ called in Englifh after the Turkifh name Tulipa , or it may be called Dalmatian Captor the Turkes Cap:what name the old writers gaue it,it is not certainly knowne. A man might fufpedt it to be m 77.JV, if it were a Bulbe that might be eaten & were of force to make milke cruddie: for Theophra¬ stus reckoneth it among the Bulbes that may becaten: and it is an herbe as Hefychius faith wherwith milke is crudded. Ccnradus Gefnerus hath taken Tulipa to be Satyr turn, which is furnamed Erythroni- //;#,that bicaufe one kinde hath a red flower, or altogitheracertainekindeofi'^mw, with which whether it doth agree or no, and how far, we leaue to thofe that will more diligently confider of it by the defcription of the Satyriens: in the Turkie toong it is called Cafe tale, Caudle hie ,and likewifc Turban and Turfanpi the Turkes Cap fo called,as aforefaid of L'Obslius. & The temperature and vertues. There hath not been any thing fetdowne of the ancient orlater writers as touching the nature or vertues of the Tul/paes, but are efteemed efpecially for the beautie of their flowers. Oj ^ulbedJlockgCjillojloViiers Cbap.jS. it The kindes. T Hcophrafus hath obferued one kinde of Bulbed fcocke Gilloflower which he calleth his Vio¬ let , which retaineth the name Violet of fundrie writers to this day 5 of Viola Theophrajli , or Theophraftm his Violet. But we haue obferued three forts, whereof fome bring foorth many !eaues,others fewer,fome flower very earely,and others later,as fhall be declared. 1 Leucoium Bulbofimpracox. 2 Leucoium Eidbofumferctinwm. Timely flowring Bulbus violet. Late flowring Bulbus violet. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 121 ft The description. He firft of thefe Bulbus violets rifeth foorth of the ground with two frp'ill leaucs, flat and crefted, of an ouerworne greene colour: among the which rifeth vp aTmal and tender ftalke, of two hands high; at the top whereof commeth foorth of a skinnie hood, a final white flower of the bignefie of a violet 3 compa6f of fixe Ieaues, ocC three bigger and three Iefler, tipped at the points with a li^ht greene : the (mailer Ieaues are not fo white as the outtermoft great Ieaues, but tipped with greene as the others be. The whole flower hangeth downe his head by reafon of the weake foote ftalke whereon it groweth.The roote is fmall,white,and bulbofe. 2 The (econd fort of Bulbed violets hath narrow Ieaues like thole of the leeke, but Iefler and fmoo- ther,not vnlike to the Ieaues of the baftard Daffodill. The (hikes be (lender and naked , two hands high, whereupon doe grow faire white flowers, tipped with a yellowifh greene colour, with many fmall chiuesorthreeds in the middle of the flower. The feed is contained in (mall round buttons. The roote is white and Bulbus. 3 Leucoitm Bulbofnm maim. The great Bulbed violet. ft The description. 3 The great Bulbed vioiet islike vnto thefe- cond in ftalke and Ieaues, yet greater and higher. It bringeth forth on euerie ftalke, notone flower onely, but flue or fixe, blowing or flowring one after another,aItogither like the other flowers in forme andbignes. ft The place. Thefe plants do grow wildeinltalieand the places adiacent, notwithftanding our London gardens haue taken pofleflion of them all,many yeeres paft. ft The time. Thefirft flowrethinthe beginning of Ianua- rie: the fecond in September: and the laft in Male. ft The names. Thefirft is called of Theophraftus , Viola alba . V viola BdboSapt bulbed Violet: IdObelim hath called it LeuconarciJSolirien and that very pro¬ perly, confidering how it.doth as it were par¬ ticipate of three fundry plants, that is to fate,the roote of Nafciftus, the leau.es of the (mall Lilly, and the white colour of the Stocke gilloflower: taking the firft part Leuco of his whitenes: Nar- ciS[o of the likenes that the rootes haue vnto Narciffus , and Lirium of the Ieaues of Lillies, as aforelaid: in Englifh we may call it the Bulbofe Violet,or after the Dutch name ^)Oma*fOttC(iCn^thatis,Sommerfooles,and The others may more properly be called Leucoium Bulbofum,on the Bulbed ftocke Gilloflower, bi- caule that the flowers of thefe laft two deferibed, do more refemble the flowers of ftocke Gillo- flowers then the firft. Which name Leucoium although it hath another fignification , yet is ir gene¬ rally taken for the ftocke Gilloflower. ^ ! ° . ft The nature and vertues. Touching the faculties of thefe Bulbed ftocke Gilloflowers we haue nothing to fay, feeing that nothing islet downe heerofby the old writers , nor any thing obferued by the new: onely theyare maintained and cheriflied in gardens for the beautie andrarenefle of the flowers, and fwectenes of their finell. : ‘ ' Of THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I2£ ft The deferipttoK. f * 8 '| aa * He checkered Daffodillor Ginny hen flower, hath finalnarrow graflie leauesj among which I rifeth vp a ftalke of three hands high, hailing at the top one or two flowers, and fcmtimes three,which confifteth of fixe finall leaues, checkered moft ftrangely : wherein nature or rather the Creator ofall things hath kept a very woonderfull order,furpaffing(as in all other things) the curieft painting that Art can fet down.Onc fquare is of a greenifh yellow color,the other purple, keeping the fame order as wel on the backfide of the flower as on the infide, although they are blac- kifh in one fquare, & of a violet colour in another: in lo much that euery leafe feemeth to be the fea¬ ther of a Ginnie hen,whereofit tooke his name.The roote is fmal,white,and of the bignefle of halfe a garden beane. . , 2 The fecond kinde of checkered Daifodill is like vnto the former in ech refpe< 5 t, fauing that this hath his flower dafht oner with a light purple,and is fomwhat greater than the other: wherein con¬ fifteth the difference. ft The place,, Thefe rare and beautifull plants grow naturally wildeinthe fields about Orleance and Lions in Fraunce, from whence they haue been brought into the moft parts of Europe. The curious and painfull Hcrbarift ofParis John Robin, hath lent me many plants thereof for my garden, where they profper as in their owne natiue countrey. ft ‘the time. They flower from the beginning of March vnto the end of Aprill. The feede is ripe in June. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 123 & The names. T he Ginny hen flower is called o fDodon&us, Flos Meleagris ; ofL'Obelius, Lil/o-narciffus varie- gxtus, for that it hath the flower of a Lillie and the roote of T^arcijjus: it hath been called Frittillx- ria, of the table or boord vpon which men plaie at chefle, which fquare checkers the flower doth very much refemble, fome thinking that it was named FnttiUus^ whereof there is no certain- tie, f or CMartialis feemeth to call Frittillus, Abacus 3 or the tables whereat men plaie with dice, in his firft bookeof his Epigrams written to Galla. Iam tnftis-y nucibtts puer reliffis, Clamofo reuocatur a mxgiHro: Et b lando male proditus Frittillo osFrcana modo rapt us e popina oAEdtlem rogat vdus a leaf or. No w fad the boye, hailing his nuts forfaken Of clamorous mafter called vpon a maine. And waxt ftarke nought by flattering tables traine, And lately from the priuie kitchen taken Being a drunke dice-plaier. Doth aske to be furueiour. In Englifh we may call it Turkie hen,or Ginny hen flower, and aljfo checkerd Daffodil!. # The temperature and verities. Of the faculties of thef£pleafant flowers there is nothing fetdowne in the ancient or later wri¬ ters.but are greatly efteemed for the beautifieng of our gardens, and the bofomes of the beautifull I Crocus fineflore. Saffron without flower. 2 Crocusforens. Saffron in the flower. 12 * THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ft The defcription. A lthough I haue expreffed two pictures of Saffrons as you fee,yet are you to vnderftand that thefc two do but fet foorth one kinde ofplant, which could not lo eafily be concerned by one pi&ure as by two, bicaufe his flower doth firft rife out of the ground nakedly in September, and his long (mail graflie leaues fhortly after the flower, neuer bearing flower & leafe at once. The which to exprefte I thought it conuenient to fet downe two pictures before you with this defcripti- on fjjdel. The roore is final!, round and Bulbus. The flower confifteth of fixe fmall blew leaues ten¬ ding to purple, hauing in the middle many finall yellow firings or threds, among which are two, three or more thicke fat chines, of a fterie colour fomwhat reddifh, of a ftrong fmell when they be dried, which doth ftuffe and trouble the head. The firft pi&ure fetteth foorth the plant when it beareth nothing but Ieaues,and the other expreffeth the maner of his flowring. ft The place. Common,or the beft knowne Saffron groweth plentifully in Cambridgefhire. Saffron Walden and other places thereabout, as come in the fieldes. ft The time. Saffron beginneth to flower in Septetnber,and prefcntly after fpring vp the leaues, and remaine greene all the winter long. ft The name's. Saffron is called in Greeke x&dr. in Latin Crocus : in Mauritania Zafar an : in Spanifh afroh : in Englifh Saffron: in the Arabicke toong Zahafaran. Some that are difpofed to diffemble and ieft with their friends and to make them merrie with pretre Poeticall figmentes, haue giuen it the name of a Damfell,whereof O^/imaketh mention, which to recite were impertinent to our hiftorie. ft The temperature. Saffron is a little aflringent or binding,but his hot qualitie doth fo ouer rule in it,that in the whol effcnce it is in the number of thofe herbes which are hot in the fecond degree,and drie in the firft: therfore it alfo hath a certaine force to conco<ft,which is furthered by the filial aftridlionthat is in it, as Galen faith. ft The vertsees. y^Auicen affirmeth that it caufeth hcadach, and is hurtfull to the braine, which it cannot doe by taking it now and then, but by too much vfingof it: for too muchvfingof it cuttethoff fleepe, through want whereof the head and fences are out of frame. But the moderate vfe of it is good for the head,and maketh the fences more quicke and liuely, fhaketh offheauie and drovvfie fleepe,and maketh a man merrie. B Alfo Saffron ftrengtheneth the hart,conco< 51 :eth crude or rawe humors of the cheft,openeth the lungs,and remooueth obftrudiions or ftoppings. C It is alfo filch a fpeciall remedie for thofe that haue confiunption of the lungs, and are, as wc tearm it, at deaths doore,& aimoft paft breathing,that it bringeth breath againe,& prolongeth life for certaine daies , if ten or twentic graines at the 1110ft be giuen, with new or fweete wine. For we haue found by often experience that being taken in that fort, it preftntly, and in a moment remoo- ueth away difficultie of breathing, which mo ft dangeroufly and fuddenly happeneth. D Diofcorides teacheth,that being giuen in the fame fort,it is alfo good againft a furfet. £ It is commended againft the ftoppings of the liner and gall, and againft the yellow Iaundife. And heereupon Diofcorides vvriteth that it maketh a man well coloured. It is put into al drinks that are made tohelpe the difeafes of the intrailes,as the fame Author affirmeth, & into thofe efpecially which bring down the flowers,the birth &the after burthen. It prouoketh yrine,ftirreth flefhly luft, and is vied in Cataplaftn.es & pultefies for the matrix and fundament, & alfo in plaifters and ftare- cloths which ferue for old fwellings and aches, and like wife for hot fwellings that haue alfo in them Saint Anthonies fire. F It is with good fuccefle put into compofitiotis for infirmities oftheeares. G The eies being annointed with the fame diflbltied in milke or fenell, or rofe water, are preftrued from being hurt by the fmall poxe and meafels,and are defended thereby from humours that would fall into them. H The Chines fteeped in water, ftrueth to illumine, or as we fay, limine pi&ures and imagerie, as alfo .HISTORIE O-F PLANTS. 125 alio to colour fundry meates and confedions. It is with goodfucceffe giiien to procure bodilie luff. The confedions called Crocomagn*^ Oxycroceum, and Diacitjcumw 3 withdiuers other emplai- flers andeleduaries,cannot be well made without Saffron. • b:. 1 , i: : The waightof ten graines of Saffron, the kernels of Walnuts ii. ounces. Figs ii.s. Mitridate; one dram,and a fewe fage leaues, (tamped togither with a fufficient quantitie of Pimpernell water, and made into a mafTe or lumpe and kept in a glade for your v(e,and thereoftwelue graines giuen in the morning fading,preferuech from the peftilence and expelleth it from thofe that are infeded. 10b ;■ j au:.n atni-q io n t'xrN, Of "ivllde Saffron. Chap. Si. fff:/ * rhekisdes. O F wilde Saffrons there be (undry (orts, differing as wel in colour of therflovyers as alfo in the time of their flowring,of which the figures of two (hall be fet foorth vnto you. The reftfhall be defcribed onely , bicaufe nature hath been fo plentiful! and copious in multiplying of thefe plants aboue many others. I Crocus verms. Early Eowring wilde Saffron. 2 Crocusvcrnus.minor. Small wilde Saffron. AT „ m him? & The defiription. 1 r | firdkindeof wildeSaffron hath (mall fhort graffieleaues,furrowedorchaneIeddown. JL the middle with a white line or ftrake: among the leaues rife vp fmall flowers in fhape like vnto the common Saffron,but differing in colour; for this hath flowers of mixt colours, t iatis to (ay,the ground of the flower is white, (tripped vpon the backe with purple, and dafht ouer on t e lnnde with a bright fhining murrey colour 5 the other not. In the middle of the flowers come oort many yellowifli chiues without any (mell of Saffron at all. The roote is (mall, rotindc, and couered with a browne skin or filme,like vnto the rootes of common Saffron. 2 The n6 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 2 Tnefecond wilde Saffron,in Ieaues, rootes, and flowers, is like vnto the precedent, but aitogi- ther leffer; and the flowers of this are of a purple or violet colour. 3 We haue likewite in our London gardens another fort, like vnto the other wilde Saffrons in e fiery ppint,fauingthat this hath flowers of a moftperfedtfhining yellow colour, teeming a far off to be a hot glowing cole of fire,which maketh the difference. 4 There is found among Herbarifts another fort, not differing from the others, failing that this hath white flowers contrarie to all the reft. 5 Loners of plants haue gotten into their gardens, one fort heereof with purple or violet colou¬ red flowers,in other relpedts like the others. 6 Of thete we haue another that flowreth in the fall of the leafe with flowers like vnto the com¬ mon Saffron, but deftitute of thofe chiues which yeeld the colour, fmell,or tafte,that the right ma¬ nured Saffron hath. .. 1 - 7 There is alfo another of Autuinne wilde Saffrons with white flowers, which tetteth foorth the diftin&ion, ~f , ' Many forts there are in otir gardens befides thote before fpecified, which I thought needles to entreat of,bicaute their vfe is not great. & The place. All thete wilde Saffrons we haue growing in our London gardens.Thote which do flower in Au- tuinne do grow vpon certaine craggy rocks in Portingale not far from the tea fide. The other haue been tent ouer vnto vsffome out of Italy,and fome out of Spaine, by the labor and diligence of that notable learned Herbarift Carolus Clufuts, outofwhofeobleruations, and partly by teeing them in our owne gardens we haue tet downe their deferiptions. That pleafant plant that bringeth foorth yellow flowers, was tent vnto me from Robinus of Pa- ris,that painfull and moft curious fearcher of Simples. it The time. They flower for the moft part in lanuarie and Februarie, that of the mountaine excepted, which flowreth in September. ie The names. All thete Saffrons are vnprofirablc, and therfore they be truely faid to be Crocifyltie sires, or wilde Saffrons: in Englifh fpring time Saffrons,and vernall Saffrons. i? The temperature and vertues. Ofthe faculties ofthefe we haue nothing to tet downe, for that asyetthereisnoknowne vte of them in Phificke. Of Me dow Saffron, (fbap.%2. 'M # The kindes. Here be fundrie forts of medowe Saffrons differing very notably as well in the colour of their flowers,as alfo in ftature and countrey, from whence they had their being as (hall be declared. ic The dejeriptten. Edow Saffron hath three or fower Ieaues rifing immediately foorth of the ground, long. brode,firooth,fat, much like to the Ieaues of the white Lillie in forme and Imoothneffe: in the middle whereof fpring vp three or fower thicke cods of the bigneffe of a fmall wal¬ nut, ftandingvpon fhort tender footeftalks three fquare, and opening themfelues when they be ripe,full of feede fomthing rounde, of a blackifh red colour: and when this teede is ripe, the Ieaues togither with the ftalks do fade and fall away in September. The flowers do bud foorth ( before any Ieaues do appeere)ftanding vpon fhort tender and whitifhftems, like in forme and colour to the flowers of Saffron jhauing in the middle fmall chiues or threds of a pale yellow color,altogither vn- fit for meate or medicine.The roote is round or bulbus,(harper at the one end then at the other,flat on the one fide,hauing a deepe clift or furrow in the fame flat fide when it flowreth, and not at anie time elte: it is coueredouer with blackifh coates or filmes: it tendeth downe vnto the Ioweft part certaine firings or threds. The roote it telfe is full of white fubftance, yeelding aiuicelike milke vvhileftit is greene and newly digged out of the earth. It is in tafte fweete, with a little bitterneffe folowing, which draweth water out of the mouth. 2 The fecond kinde of meade Saffron is like the precedent, differing onely in the colour of the flowers,for that this plant doth bring foorth white flowers, which of fome hath been taken for the true Hermodaclylis)e>wt in fo.doing they haue committed the greater error. i Colchicum H I ST O RIF. OF PLANTS. I27 I Colchiciim Anglicism Pttrpureum Purple Englifli medow Saffron. 3 Colcbicum P annunicum. Hungarie meade Saffron. Caleb turn Anglic um album. White E11 glifh medow Saffron. Colchicum Pannomcum■ flare ns. Hungarie meade Saffron flowring. 328 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE $r The defer ip ion. 3 Thefe two pictures exprelfed are both but one and the lelfe fame plant, and yet is diftinguifhed bicaulc it newer beareth flowers and leaues both at one time as doth the common Saffron. So that the firil figure fetteth it foorth when it is in leaues and buds, and the other when itflowreth. And therefore one delcription fhall fuffice for them both. In the fpringoftheyeereit bringeth foorth his leaues,thicke,fat,fhining and fmootb,not vnlike the leaues of Lillies /which do continue greene vnto the end of lune, at which time the leaues do wither away, but in the beginning of September there fhooteth foorth of the ground naked milke white flowers without any greene leafe at all: but fo loone as the plant hath done bearing of flowers, the roote remaineth in the ground not lending foorth any thing vntill February in the yeere following. 4 Colchictm minus. Small medow Saffron, 5 Colchicum montAnum minus. Small mountaine medow Saffron, tfc Thedefcription. 4 The (mail medow Saffron hath three or fower thicke fat leaues, and narrower than any of the reft. The flower appeereth in the fall of the leafe, infhape, colour and maner of growing like to die common medow Saffron,but of a blewifh colour, and altogither Iefler. The roote is thicke, ra¬ ther tuberous than bulbus , thatis, a knob or confufed lumpe rather then Onion fafhion, as arc thole of the otherkinde. 5 The fmal mountaine Saffron hath three or fower grafiie long leaues,and a round bulbus roote, and flowers ofa purple colour tending to blewnefle, and bringeth foorth his flowers in Autumnc as the others do, 6 Colchicum hHISTORIE oQM.kANTS^ no $ Colchicwn illiricvm, , , 7 Colchicwn SyrUcum Alexandrintm, ■ 'Aflyrian medow Saffron. r GrcckcmcdowSaffron. .iioancd 3t> wcbsnixcaialsru The defeription. 6 The mcdow Saffron of Illiria hath a great, thicke, and bulbus rootc 3 full of fubftance : from which rifeth vpafat, thicke 3 and groffe ftalke, fet about from the lower part to the top by equall diftances, with long, thicke, and groffe leaues, fharpe pointcd,not vnlike to the leaues of Leekesi among which leaues do grow yellowifh flowers like vnto the Englifh medow Saffron 3 but fmaller. 7 The Aflyrian medow Saffron hath a bulbus roote 3 made as it were of two peeces; from the middle cleft whereof rifeth vp a loft and tender ftalke, fet with faire broade leaues from the middle to the top: among which commeth forth one fingle flower like vnto the common medow Saffron, or the white Anemone of Mat thiolui defeription. 8 Colchicumpartium montanim LutCum. Yellow mountaine Saffron. ■ft The defeription. g The mountaine wi-lde fafffon is a bale and lowc plant, but in fhape altogither like the com¬ mon medow Saffron,but much lefler.The flow¬ ers are fmaller and of a yellow colour, which fetteth foorth the difference. Of all thefe kindes of medowe Saffrons it hath not been certain¬ ly knowne which hath beene the true Herroo- da&yle : notwithftanding we bane certaine knowledge that the Illirian Colchicke is the phificall Hermoda&yle. I X £ Colchicum THE FlKST^fiOOKEr^F THE k The defeription. $ The male medow Saffron of Germany hath many thicke leaues, broade, and full of iuice, and flowers like to thofe of the Englifh medow Saffron, as well in colour, as proportion 5 and differeth in that,that this kinde is barraine, and bringeth foorth no feede at all, contrary to all the reft of the Colchickes,which maketh the difference. 1 o The female is like vnto the male in each relped, but differeth in that,that this plant bringeth foorth white flowers,and the other purple. k The place, Medow faffron or Colchicwn , groweth in Meflinia and in the lie Colchis, whereof it tooke his name. The titles of the reft doe let foorth their natiue countries, notwithftanding our London gardens are pofiefted with the moft part of them. The Two firft do gro\v in England in great abundance, in fat and fertill medowes, as about Vil- ford and Bathe, as alio in the medowes neere to a ftnail village in the Weft part of England called Shepton Mallet, in the medowes about Briftow, in Kingftroppe medow neere vnto a water mill as you go from Northampton to Holmeby houfe vpon the right hand of the way ,andlikewile in great plentie in Nobottle-woode, two miles from the faide towne of Northampton, and many other places. k The time. The leaues of all the kinds of mead faffron do begin to {hew themfelues in February. The {cede is ripe in lime. The leaues,(talks andleed do perifh in Iuly,and their plealant flowers do come forth of the ground in September. k The names. Diofcoridescollczh medow laffron fome iwus&v'i • notwithftanding there is another Ephe- meron , which is not deadly. Diuers name it in Latin Bulbus agreftti, or wilde Bulbe : in high Dutch it is called 3 IfitiOf 0 lU in loweDutch jf£tipntU£lj€ CttElOflfCn ♦ in French MortmChien: com¬ monly HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 131 monly called of the Apothecaries Hermodaffylii' but notwithftanding that Hermodaffyle which vvc do vfe in compound medicines differeth from this in many notable points, for that the true Hermo - daffyle hath a bulbe or rounde roote, which being dried continued! very white within and without, not wrinckled at all,but full and fmooth, of a meane hardnes. Valenti* Cor dm writeth that there is found a ccrtaine wilde Saffron like vnto the common kinde, but with white flowers, and with a bulbe, when it is dried fomwhat white on the out fide, and within very white, the powder of which being beaten is like wheate flower,with a fweete and pleafant tafte. This doth not grow faith he in Germanie,but is brought from fome other countrey: and it is very like to be the rootes of the white and ftrange wilde Saffron which are folde in fhops by the name of Hermodaffylm: and Hermodaffyle to be nothing elfc, but wilde Saffron with the white roote. And fo fhali there be two of one kinder that is to faie, the right Hermodaffyle with a roote white both within and without: and abaftarde Hermodaffyle or deadly Colchicum, or wilde Saffron, with a rooie blackifh or reddifh both without and within. And that Auicen was of this opinion thofe things declare which he hath written in his 3 5 2. chapter, for he faith that Hermodaffyle is the roote of a plant bearing rofes ( that is.flowers) which are white or yellow (rather purple) and that the white is the better, the red and blacke be naught,and are pernicious and deadly poifons. Soto conclude, it mayappeere by that that hath been laid,that the white medow faffron which we haue in the weft parts of England, growing efpe- cially about Shepton Mallet, are the Hermodaffyles vied in fhops. It was called Colchicim of an lie called Colchis where it was firft found,as alfo the vfe of it. It is called of fome, Filins ante Patrem y although there is a kinde of Lyfmachia or Lone ftrife f o called, bicaufe it firft bringeth foorth his long cods with {cede,and then flower after,or at the fame time at the end of the faid cod. But in this meade Saffron it is far otherwife,bicaufe it bringeth feforth his leaues in Februarie, the feed in May, and the flowers in September, which is a thing cleane contrary to all other plants whatfoeucr, for that they do firft flower and after feede: but this Saffron feedeth firft, andfower moneths after bringeth foorth flowers: and therefore the Latins thought this a fit name for it Filins ante Patrem: and we accordingly may call it, the Sonne before the Father. Of Pliny itis called NarciJJhspurpu- reus$LBidbm Agreffi^oi fome Pfeudo-Hermodaffylm: in Dutch Cl)QiOttfCtt* # The temperature. Medow faffron is hot and drie in the fecond degree. # The vertues. The rootesof meade faffron is of force to purge. It is properly giuen faith Paulmto thofe that haue the goute,euen then when the humours are in flowing. The fame ftamped and mixed with the whites of egges, barly rneale, and crums of bread, and applied plaifterwife,eafeth the paine ofthe goute,fwellings and aches about the ioints. The fame ftrengtheneth,nourifheth,and maketh good iuice, increafeth fperme or naturall feede, and is alfo good to clenfe vlcers and rotten fores. & The correction. The powder of Gingcr,long Pepper, Annife feede,or Commin feed,and a little Mafticke, corre- <fteth thechurlifh working of that Hcrmodaffile ,or meade faffron, which is vfed in fhops. But thofe which haue eaten of the common medow Saffron muft drinke the milke of a cow, or els death pre- fentlyenfueth. *k The danger. The rootes of al the forts of meade faffrons, the white excepted,are very hurtfull to the ftomacke, and being eaten,they kill by choking as mufromes do, according vnto Diofcorides , wherupon fome haue called it Colchicum ftrangulatormm. Of Star of ‘Bethlehem . Chap.%^. ft The kindes. T Here be fundrie forts of wilde field-onions called Star of Bethlehem, differing in ftature.tafte, and fmell,as fhali be declared. 1 2* I Ornithogalwn , . I jl I *1 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ' I 0/nithogdum. Star of Bethlehem. 3 Ornithogdum hit mm. Yellow ftar of Bethlehem. 2 Cepaagraria. Wilde Star of Bethlehem. 4 Or nithogalum PttnrtQnicmi Star of Hungarie. •j hHIS 1EORIB)OF PLANTS. '; i 3J . u-vk'n £ . •' .srio'nO \y)r * The definition. 1 S~\ Vrcommon Star ofBethlehem hath many narrow leaues, thicke,fat, ful ofiuice,and of a l I very greene colour,with a white ftrake downe the middle of each leafe: among the which rile vp fmall naked ftalkes,at the top whereof do grow fmall flowers, compad of fixe final leaues, ftripped on the backfide with lines of a yellowifh greene. Theinfideis of amilke white colour, which openeth itfelfeatthe rifingof thefunne, andfhuttethagaine at the fiunne fetting, whereof it hath beene called of fome Bulbus Solfequtus . The flowers being paft,the feed doth follow inclofed in three cornered husks. The roote is bulbus, white both within and without. 2 The fecond fort hath two or three finall graflie leaues,proceeding from a clouen or fcaly bulbus roote. The ftalke rifeth vp in the midft naked, but toward the top there do thruft foorth more leaues like vnto the other,but fmaller and fhorter:among which leaues do ftep foorth very fmal,weake and tender footeftalk gech of them bearing one flower like vnto the precedent. 3 The yellow Scar of Bethlehem is very like vnto the Iaft deferibed. The flowers of this are on the backfide,of a pale yellow ftripped with greene,on the infide of a bright fhining yellow colour,in other reipeds alike. 4 The great bulbed Star of Bethlehem hath many large and long leaues, thicke and crefted, re- fembling Galens bulbed ^4/phodyll in roote, ftalke and flowers, failing that this plant dothbpng foorth white flowers ftripped with greene on the backfide, and alcogither white on the innermoft fide,and the i^ifphodyll not fo. it The place. Stars of Bethlehem grow in fundrie places which lie open to the aire, not onely in Germany and the Lowe countries,but alfo in England in fundry places,and in our gardens very common.The yel¬ low kinde Lobelias found in Somerfetfhirein the corne fields. The Taft is aftranger in England,yet we haue it and the reft in our gardens. * The time. Thcfe kinds of bulbed plants do flower from Aprill to the end of May, ie The names. Touching the names there is no certaintie, feeing that Pliny is fo breefe who hatbonely mentio¬ ned them.In high Dutch it is called X as you fhould fay Cepa agraria, and Bulbine: in Englifh Stars of Bethlehem. it The nature. Thefe are temperate in heate and drines. 'k The vertues. The vertues of them are vnknowne, notwithftanding Hieronymus Tragusw riteth that the roote A of the yellow Star of Bethlehem rofted in hot embers, and applied with honie in manerof a cata- plafine or pultus,healeth old eating vlcers. The rootes which are to be vfed in Phificke, if any part thereof be, do not make any good iuice. g They are windie, faith Diofcorides) and hard to be digefted, and through their windines prouoke flefhly luft. 0/0 nions. (^hap. 84 .. k The kindes. Here be, faith TheophraftusjMuers forts of Onions, which haue their furnames ofthe places where they grow. Some aifb lefler, others greater: fome be round, and diuers other long: but none wilde as Pliny writeth, X Z l Cepa 134 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE L J S'- I Cepa alba. % Cepa rubra. White Onions. Red Onions. i *“**““» He Onion hath narrow leaues and hollow within: the ftalke is fingIc,round, biggeft in the middle. On the top whereof groweth a round head couered with a thin skin or filmc,which being broken,there appeere little white flowers, made vp in forme of a ball,and afterward blacke feede three cornered,wrapped in thin white skins. In fteede of the roote there is a bulbe or round head compad of many coates, which oftentimes becommeth great in maner of a Turnep, many times long like an egge. To be briefe, it is couered with very fine skins, for the moft part of a vvhitifh colour. i The red Onion differeth not from the former,but in lowrenes and rednes of the roote; in other refpe&s there is no difference at all. # The place. The Onion requireth a fat ground well digged and dunged,as Palladios faith. It is cherifhed eue- rie where in kitchen gardens. It is now and then in beds fowen alone, and manie times mixed with other herbs,as with Lettuce, Parfheps, & Carrets. P alladiosXkzxh. well that it fhouldbe fowen with Sauorey, bicaufe faith Pliny, it profpereth the better and is more holfome. & The time. It is fowen in March or Apnll,and fomtimes in September. ie The names. 1 he Onion is called in Greek v : in Latine Cepa$L many times Cepe in the neuter gendenthe fhops keep that name.The old writers haue giuen vnto this many liirnames of the places where they grow for fome are named Cypria^SardixJZretiG&^Samothraci&jjAjcaloni&pi a towne in Iudea,other- wife called Pompeian a: in Englifh Onions. Moreouer,there is one named Marifea, which the coun¬ try men call Vrao,i aith Columella : and thereupon it commeth that the French men call it Oignon , as Suelliusxhmkcxh : and peraduenturc the lowe Dutch men name it °f the French word cor¬ rupted : they be called Setania if they be very little andfiveete, and be thought to be thole which Palladios nameth CepulU* as though he called them parua Cepxpi little Onions. There HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 135 There is an Onion whichis without an head or bulbe,and hath as it were alongnecke,as hath the vnfet leeke, which is cropped or cut for the pot like a leeke: this Theophraftus nameth?^^: ofthis p/z^alfowritethinhis 19. booke and 6. chapter. There be with vs two principal! forts, (that is to fay of Onions)the one fertiing for a fauce, or to feafon meate with, which fome call Gethyon , and another Pallacana : which in Englifh we call holloweLeekes: the Germaines £Dltfon fUUheU the Italians Cipolla : the Spaniards Cebollafieba^nd CeboU. is The temperature. All Onions be fharpe,and mooue teares by the fmell. They be hot and drie as Galen faith , in the fourth degree,but not fo extreme hot as garlicke. The iuice is of a thin waterie and aide fubftance: the reft is of thicke parts. is The vertues. The Onions do fret, attenuate or make thin, andcaufe drines: being boiled they dolofe their A fharpnes,efpecially if the water be twife or thrife changed,and yet for all that they do not lofe their attenuating qualitie. They alfo breake and confume winde, prouoke vrine,and be more foluble boiled than rawe, and B being rawe they nourifh not at all, and but a little though they be boiled. They be naught for thole that are cholericke : but good for fuch as are replete with rawe and Q flegmatike humours: and for women that haue their termesftaied vpon a cold caufe, byreafon they open the conduits that are flopped. Galen writeth that they prouoke the Hemorrhoidcs to bleede if they be laid vnto them,either by D themfelues or ftamped with vineger. The iuice of Onions fniffed vp into the nofe,purgeth the head and. draweth foorth rawe flegma- E tike humours. Being ftamped with falt.rewe and honie,and applied,is good againft thebiting of a mad dogge. F Being rolled in the embers and applied, ripeneth and breaketh colde apoftumes, biles and fuch G like. The iuice of .Onions mixed with the decodlionof Penniriall and annointed vpon the goutie H member with a feather,or a cloth wet therein and applied,eafeth the fame very much. The mice annointed vpon apilde or balde head in the funne, bringeth againe the haire very (pee- I The iuice taketh away the heate offcalding with water or oile, as alfo burning with fire and gun- K powder, as is let foorth by a very skilfull Chirurgion named mafter William Clowes, one of the Queenes Chirurgions. Onions fliced aud dipped in the iuice of forell, and giuen vnto the ficke of a tertian ague to eate, L doth take away the fit in once or twice fo taking it. is The hurts. The Onion being eaten,yea though it be boiled caufethheadach ;hurteththe eies, and maketh a man dim fighted,dulleth the fences,engendreth windines,and prouoketh ouermuch fleepe, efpeci- ally being eaten rawe. / Of Sea Onion, Chap. 83. is The defer ipt ion. 1 He great fea Onion which clufeus hath fet foorth in his Spanifh hiftorie, hath very great and broad leaues, 2sBiofeoridesidkh.^ longer thenthofeofthelillie, but narrower. The bulbe or headed roote is very gteat,confifting of many coates or fcaly filmes, of a reddifh colour. The flower is fbmtimes yellow, fomtimes purple,and fomdmes of a light blew. 2 The fea Onion of Valentia, or rather the fea Daifodil!,hath many long andfat leaues, and nar¬ row,like thofe of Narciftus,but fmoother & weaker,lying vpon the ground: among which rifeth vp a ftalkc a foote high bare & naked, bearing at the top a tuft of white flowers, in fhape like vnto our common yellow Daffodill. Thefeedeis inclofed in thicke knobby huskes,blacke, flat, thicke, and very {oft, in fhape like vnto the feedes of i^irifiolochialonga, or long Birth woort. The roote is great, white,long and bulbus. * / 4 1 PamrAtinni l%6 THE FIR.ST BOOKE OF THE I Pancratium clusij. Squill or fea Onion. 2 Pancratium mar hum. Sea Onion of Valentia. Pancratiumfloribus rubric. Red flowred lea DafFodill. Pancratium mar hum htcttm . Yellow flowred iea Daifodill, $e The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *j 7 ft The deferiptton. 3 Red flowred feaDaffodill or fea Onion, hath a greatbulbeor roote like vnto the precedent; the leaues long,fat, and fharpe pointed. The Aalke bare and naked, .bearing at the top fundry faire red flowers,infhape not much vnlike to the common Daffodill. 4 The yellow flowred fea Daffodill or fea Onion, hath many thicke fat leaues like vnto the com¬ mon Squill or fea Onion: among which rifethvp a tender ftraight ftalke full of inice, bearing at the top many flowers like the common yellow Daffodil!. Thefeede and roote is like the prece¬ dent. 4*. The place. The fir A is found in Spaine and Italic,not far from the fea fide. Thefecond alfo neere vnto the lea in Italy, Spaine, andValentia. I haue had plants of them brought me from fundry parts of the Mediterranc fea fide, as alfo from ConAantinople , where it is numbred among the kinds ofNarciffus. The thirde groweth in the fandes of the fea, in moA places of the coaA of Narbone, and about Montpelier. The fourth groweth plentifully about the coafcs of Tripolie and Alopo neere vnto the fea, and alfo in the fait marfhes that are fandieandlieopento the aire. ft The time. They flower from May to the end of Iuly,and their feede is ripe in the end of Auguft. ^ The names. The firfl is called of the Grecians and of the Latines alfo Scilla • the Apothecaries name it Scfuilla: ditiers Cepa marts: the Germaines olUitcD the Spaniards Cebollaalbarrana: the French men Oignon demer: the Englifh Squill and fea Onion. The feconde is called Hemerocallis Valentina: of the Turkes Confambach : in Greeke TmMKpJjlOV :and likewife in Latine Pancratium: in Englifh the white feaDaffodill or fea Onion, and of fomzNar- cijjhs Conftantinopolitanus. ft The temperature. The fea Onion is hot in the fecond degree,and cutteth very much as Galen faith,it is beA when it is taken baked or roAed,for fo is the vehemencie ofit taken away. ft The vertices. The roote is to be coueredwith paAeor claie (as Diofcorzdes teacheth) and then put into an A ouen to be baked,or elfe buried in hot embers till fuch time as it be throughly ro Aed: for not being fo baked or roAed it is very hurtful! to the inner parts. It is likewife baked in an earthen potclofe couered,& fet in an ouen.That is to be taken efpecially B which is in the middeA, which being cut in peeces muA be boiled, but the water Aill to be changed, till fuch time as it is neither bitter nor fharpe: then muA the peeces be hanged on a thred and dried in the fhadow,fo that no one peece touchan other. The!e ilices of the Squil are vied to make oile,wine,or vineger ofSquill.Of this vineger of Squill C is made an oximell or fharpe firupe. The vfe wherof is to cut thicke, tough,and clammie humours. This roAed or baked Onion is mixed with potions and other medicines which prouoke vrine, D and open the Aoppings of the liner & fpleene, and is alfo put into treacles. It is gitien to thofe that haue the dropfie,the yellow laundile, and to fuch as are tormented with gripings of the belly, and is vfed in a licking medicine again A an old rotten cough, and for fhortnefle of breath. One part of this Onion being mixed with eight parts of fait, and taken in the morning faAing to B the quantitie of a fpoonfull or Two,looleth the belly. The inner part of SquiEa boiled in oile& turpentine, is with great profit applied to the chaps or F chilblancsof the feete or heeles. Itdriuethfoorthlongandroundwormesifitbe giuenwithhonie andoile. 4 Of THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE x$8 Of Leekes Qhap. 8 6. ^ The deferiptioft. T He Icaues or the blades of the Leeke be long 3 lomwhat broad 3 & very many 3 hauing a keele or creft in the backfidc, in Imell and tafte like vnto the Onion. Theftalkesif the blades be not often cut 3 do in the fecond or thirde yeere grow vp round 3 bringing foorth on the top flowers made vp in a rounde head or ball, as doth the Oni¬ on: the leedes are like. Thebulbeor rooteislong and (lender 3 elpecially of the vnlet Leeke: that of the other Leeke is thicker and greater. # The place. It requireth a meane earth 3 fat 3 well dunged and digged. It is very common cuery where in other countries as well as in England. it The time. It may be lo wen in March or Aprill 3 and is to be remooued in September or October. rk The names. The Grecians call it : the Latines Porrum: The Emperour TTjro had great pleafure in this roote 3 and therefore he was called in fcorne Porro- phagus. But Palladium in the mafeuline gender cal- leth it Pontes: the Germaines LflUC&Uhe Braban- ders Po^rCUC ♦ the Spaniards Puerro : the French Porreau; theEnglifhmen Leeke or Leekes. The temperature* The Leeke is hot and dry, and doth attenuate or make thin,as doth the Onion. & Thevertues. A Being boiled it is lefie hurtfull by reafon that it lofeth a great part of his fharpenes: and yet be¬ ing fo vied,it yeeldeth to the body no good iuice. But being taken with colde herbes, his qualitie is tempered. B Being boiled and eaten with Ptilana 3 orbarly creame, it concodeth and bringeth vp rawe hu¬ mors that lie in the chefl. Some affirme it to be good in a loch or licking medicine 3 and to clenle the pipes of the lunges. C The iuice drunke with honie is profitable againfi: the bitings of venemous beafts, and likewile the Icaues damped and laid thereupon. D The fame iuice with vincger,frankenlence and milke, or oile of roles dropped into the eares, mi- tigateth their painc 3 and is good for the noile in them. E Two drams,or a quarter of an ounce of the leede 3 with the like weight ofMyrtill berries being drunke, ftoppeth the Ipitting of bloud which hath continued a long time. The fame put into wine kcepeth it from fowring 3 and being already lower it corredeth the lame as diuers write* It cutteth grofle and tough humours. # The hurts. It heateth the bodie 3 ingendrethnaughtie blood, caufethtroublelomeandterribledreamesj of* fendeth the eies 3 dulleth the fight, hurteth thole that are by nature hot and cholericke, and isnoi- fome to the ftomacke,and breedeth windines 0 Porrum. Leekes. i i H 1 ST O R I E O F- r P L A N T S. ' 139 : jauiD e zouirfD t E3»iD rfiilgnH hiJ mu dhi) , Of dues , Chines .or wilde Lee fas . Chav . 87 . J ■ r,n 1 n3 f ft The kinds. Here be diuers kindes of wilde Leekes,lbme wilde,andlbme of the garden, as {hall be decla* red.Thole called Ciues,haue been taken of fome for a kinde of wilde Onion: but all the au¬ thors that 1 haue been acquainted with,do accord that there is not any wilde Onion* ft The defeription. 1 lues bringeth foorth many leaues about a handfull high, long,(lender, round,like to little rufhes: among which grow vp fmall and tender (talks,fending foorth certaine knops with flowers like thole of the Onion, but much lefler. It hath many little bulbesor headed rootes faftned togither, out of which growe downe into the earth a great number of little ftringes, and hath both the fmell and tafte ofthe Onion and Lceke, as it were participating of both. 2 The vine Leeke or French Leeke,groweth vp with blades like thole of Leekes.The llalke is a cu¬ bit hi eh : on the top whereof ftandeth a round head or button, couered at the firft with a thin skin, which being broken,the flowers Si leedes come foorth,like thofe of the Onion.The bulbe or headed roote is round 3 hard and found 3 which is quickly multiplied by lending foorth many bulbes, it Theplace and time. Ciues are let in gardens 3 theyflorifh long, and continue many yecres, they fuffer the colde of winter.They are cut and polled often, as is the vnlet Leeke. The Vine Leeke groweth ofit lelfe in vineyards, and neere vnto vines in hot regions, whereof it both tooke the name Vine Leeke and French Leeke. It beareth his greene leaues in winter, and wi- thcreth away in the fommer: it groweth in moll gardens in England. ft The names. Ciues is called in Greekc r%iroir&far, Schcenoprafum ; in Dutch though youfhould faie ; 14 ° THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE faic Iunceum For rum , or Ruih Leeke: in Englifh Ciues, Chiues, Ciuet and Sweth: in French Brelles. .Vv/UJ \() The Vine Leeke k called in Greeke A [Amxor&bvv, in the place where it naturally groweth: it may be called in Latin For rum Titium y ox Vitiginctw P or rum : in Englifh after the Greeke and Latine Vine Lecke,or French Leeke. , . ;• J: r , ie The temperature. Ciues are like in facultie vnto the Leeke. They are hot and drie. The Vine Leeke heateth more then doth the other Leeke. it Thevertues. The Ciues attenuate or make thinne, open, prouoke vrine, ingender hotte and grofie vapors, and are hurtfull to the eies and braine. They caufc troublefome dreames, and worke all the effe&s, that the Leeke doth. ' , The Vine Leeke prouoketh vrine mightily,and bringeth downe the flowers. It cureth the bitings of venemousbeafts 3 as Diofcorides write th. Of (jarlic\. Chap.%%. Hi//: Garlick. it The defeription. T He bulbe or head of Garlicke, is couered with moft thin filmes or skins,of a very light white purple colour, confiding of manie cloucs feuered one from another; vnder which in thegrounde belowe groweth ataflellof threddes in fteede of rootes: it hath long greene leaues like thofe of the Leeke, among which rifeth vp a ftalke at the end of the fecondor third yeere,whereupon doth grow a tuft of^flowers couercd with a white skinne,in which being broken when it is ripe ap- peereth round blacke feeds. it Theplace and times. Garlick is feldome fowenof feede, but planted in gardens of the fmall clones in Nouember and December, and fometimes in Februarie and March. it The names. It is called in Latine <_ Allium: in Greeke nd&JW* the apothecaries keepe the Latine name: the Ger¬ maines call it JRnoblattClj X the low Dutch Look X the Spaniards k_sTios, ^s/lho .• the Italians t^Aglio: the French o 4il or Aux: the Bohemians Czefnek • the Englifh Garlicke and poore mens Treacle. it The temperature. - Garlick is very fharpe, hot, and drie, as Galen faith, in the fourth degree, and exulccrateth the skin by railing of blifters. it Thevertues. A Being eaten it heateth the bodie extremely, attenuateth and maketh thin, thicke and grofle hu¬ mors; cutteth fuch as are tough and clammie,digefteth and confumeth them,alfo openeth obftruc- tions, is an enimie to all colde poifons, and to the bitings of venemous beafts : and therefore Ga - len nameth it Theriaca ruflicorum , or the husbandmans Treacle. B yeeldeth to the body no nourifhment at all,it engendreth naughtie and fharpe blood. There¬ fore fuch as are of a hot complexion muft efpecially abftaine from it. But ifit be boiled in water vn- till fuch time as it hath loft his fharpnes, it is the lefle forcible; and retaineth no longer hiseuill juice. * i HISTORIH OF PLANTS. iuicc 3 as Galen writeth. •' '• It taketh away the roughnesofthethrote,ithelpeth anoIdcoug.h,itprouoketh vrine,itbrcaketh C and confumeth winde,it is a remedie for the dropfie.proceeding of a colde caufe. It kilieth wormes in the belly,and driucth them foorth. The nr Ike alio wherein it hath been fod- D den,is giuen to yoong children with good fuccefle againft the wormes. It helpeth a colde llomacke,and is a prefematiue againft the contagious^and peftilent aire. E The decodion of Garlicke vfed for a bathe to fit ouer, bringeth dowhe the flowers and fecon- F dines or afterburthen,as Diofcorides faith. It taketh away the morphew, tetters or ringwoormes, fcabbed heads in children* dandrafe and G feurfe, tempered with Iiony and the parts annointed therewith* - r With figge Ieaues and cumtnin it is laide onagainft the bitingsof the moufe, called in Greeke H y.vyxhY \: in Englifh a Shrew. Ofmlcte (jarlif Qbap. 85 ?. & The defeription. 1 >■ |H Hc wilde Garlike or crow Garlick hath {mail tough Ieaues like vnto nifties, fmooth and | hollow within: among which groweth vp a nakedftalke,round,flipperie, hard and found: on the top whereof after the flowers be gone, growe little feedes,made vp in a rounde clu¬ tter like {mall kernels,hauing the Imel! and tafte of Garlick. In fteede of a roote there is a bulbe or rounde heade without any cloues at all. 2 Ramfons {endeth foorth two or three broade Ieaues fharpe pointed, flnooth and of alight greene colour. The ftalke is a {pan high, fmooth and {lender, bearing at the top a clufter of white flowers. In ftced of a roote it hath a long {lender bulbe,which fendeth down a multitude of firings* and is couered with skins or thin coates. I LAllium jyluesire . Crowe Garlick. 2 lA llium vrjtnum, Ramfons. 144 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE it The time. Tliey fpring vp n Aprill and May. Their feede is ripe in Auguft. The place. The Crow Garlicke growcth in fertill paRures in all parts of England. I founde it in great plentie in the field called the Mantels,on the backfide of Iflington by London. Ramfons doe grow in the woods and borders of fields vnder hedges among the bufhcs. I found it in the next field vnto Boobies barne,vnder that hedge that bordereth vpon the Iane,and al¬ io vpon the left hand vnder a hedge adioiningtoa lane thatleadeth toHampReede, both places neere London. it The names. Both of them be wilde Garlicks,and are called in Latin i^Allia JylueHria: in Greeke ayua . : but the Crow Garlick is called of Dioforides ovteayjj'&Jbv, that is tofaie ^Anguimm allium, or Snakes Garlick,and offome Ceruinum allium^ Harts Garlick,or Stags Garlick. Ramfons are named of the later practitioners (_Allium Vrfinum, or Beares Garlick: ^Allium Lati- folium,and CMoly Hippocraticum • in Englifh Ramfons ,Ramfies,and Buckrams. it The nature. The temperatures of thefo wilde Garlicks are referred vnto thofe of the garden. it The 'vertues. A Wilde Garlick or Crow Garlick as Galen faith, is ftronger and of more force then the garden Garlicke. B The leaues of Ramfons be Ramped and eaten of diners in the low countries with fifh for a fauce,' euen as we do eate erecne fauce made with forrell. C The fame leaues may very well be eaten in April and Maie wdth butter, of fuch as are of a ftrong conRitution,and laboring men. D The diRilled water drunke breaketh the Rone,and driueth it foorth and prouoketh vrine. 3 Scorodoprafan. Great mountaine Garlick. 4 Allium Alpinum latifoliumfeu 'vittorialti. Brode le aued mountaine Garlick. . ^ The 143 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. * The description. 3 The great mountaine Garlicke hath long and brode leaues like thole of Leekes,but much grea¬ ter and longer,embracing or clafping about a great thicke ftalke, foftand full of iuice,bigger then a mans finger, and bare toward the top: vpon which is feta great head, bigger then atennile ball, coueredwith a skin after themanerof an Onion. The skin when it commeth to perfection break- eth,and difclofeth a great multitude of whidfh flowers,which being paft,blacke feedes follow inclo- led in a three cornered huske. The roote is bulbus of the bignes of a great Onion. The whole plant linelleth very ftronglike Garlick,and is in fhew aLeeke, whereupon it was called Scorodoprajum y as if we fhould faie,Garlick Leeke,participating of theLeekeand Garlick, or rather a degenerate Garlick growenmonftrous. 4 The brode leaned mountaine Garlicke,or rather the mountaine Ramlons, rifeth vp with a ftalk of a cubite high,a finger thicke,yet very weake,full of fpungious fubftance,neere to the bottom of a purplifh colour,and greene aboue,bearing at the top a multitude of fmall whitilh flowers, fomwhat gaping,ftar fafhion.The leaues are three or fower,brode ribbed like the leaues of great Gentian, re- lemblingthofeofRarnfons,butgreater. The roote is great and long, couered with many Icaley, cotes, and hairie firings. * The place. The great mountain Garlick groweth about Conftatinople as faith Clujius. I receiued a plant ofit from M .Tho Edwards apothecarie in Excefter, who found it growing in the weft parts of England. Vtclorialis groweth in the mountaines of Germanie,as faith Carolus clujius, and is yet a ftranger in Englandfor any thing that I do know. Of zS\foly,or the Sorcerers (jarlic\\ Chap.yo. & Thckindes. Here be diuers forts of Moly written of by fundrieof the ancients, which lhall be deferibed in this prelent chapter. I Moly Diofcorideum. a CMoly Serpentinum. Diofcorides his Moly. Serpents Moly. THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE it The deferiptioK. 1 *‘“1“* He firft kinde of Moly hath for his roote a little whitifh bulbe fomewhat long, not vnlike S to the roote of the vnfet Leeke, which fendeth foorth leaues like the blades of corne or grade: among which doth rife vp a (lender weake ftalke, fat, and full of iuicc, at the top whereof commeth foorth of a skinnie filme abundellof railke white flowers, not vnlike to thofe of Ramibns.The whole plant hath the fxnell and tafte of Garlick,whereof no doubt it is a kinde. 2 Serpents Moly hathlikewilea fmall bulbils roote with fome fibres fattened to the bottome; from which rile vp weake gralfie leaues, of attaining greene colour, crookedly winding and turning themfelues toward the point like the taile of a Scrpent,wherof it tookc his name. The ftalk is tough, thicke, and full ofiuice: at the top whereof ftandeth a clutter of (mall red bulbes, like vnto the fma- left cloues of Garlick, before they be pilled from their skinne. And among thofe bulbes there doe thruft foorth fmall and weake footeftalkes, euery one bearing at the end one (mall white flower ten¬ ding to a purple colour: which being paft, the bulbes do fall downe vpon the ground, where they without helpe do take hold and roote,and thereby greatly increa(e,as al(o by the infinite bulbes that the roote doth caft off: all the whole plant doth fmell and taft of Garlick whereof it is alfo a kinde. 3 Moly Homericunt, 4 Moly Indicum . . :T it The deferiptiow* 3 Homers Moly hath very thicke leaues, broad toward the bottome, fharpe at the point, and hol¬ lowed like a trough or gutter: in the bolbme of which leaues neere vnto the bottome commeth foorth a certaine round bulbe or ball of a goole turd greene colour: which being ripe and (et in the ground,groweth and becommeth a faire plant,fuch as is the mother. Among thofe leaues rileth vp a naked ttnooth thicke ftalke, oftwo cubits high,as ftrong as a fmall walking ftaffe: at the top of the ftalke ftandeth a bundell of faire whitifh flowers 5 dafht ouer with a wa(h of purple colour, duelling like HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *45 like the flowers of Onions. When they be ripe there appeereth a blacke feede wrapped in a white skinne or huske. The roote is great and bulbus, cohered with a blaekifh skinne on the outfide, and white within,and of the bigneffe of a great Onion. 4 Indian Moly hath very thicke fat fhort leaues, and fharpe pointed: in the bofome whereof commeth foorth a thicke knobbie bulbe like that of Homers Moly. The flalke is alfo like the prece¬ dent,bearing at the top a chiller of fcalie bulbes included in a large thinne skin or filme. The roote is great,bulbofe falhion,andfullofiuice. 5 Caucafon. Withering Moly. I "73 ft The defcripttort. 5 Caucafon or withering Moly, hath a very great bulbus roote, greater than the roote of Homers Moly, and fuller, of a flimie iuice: from which doe arife three or fower great thicke and broad leaues withered alwaies at the pointe, wherein confifterh the differencebetwecne thefe leaues, andthofeof Homers Moly,which are not fo.In the middle of the leaues rifeth vp a bunch of finooth greenifh bulbes let vpon a tender footeftalke, in fhape and bignefle like to a great garden worme, which being ripe and planted in the earth, cloth alfo growe vnto a faire plant like vnto the mother. ft The place. Thefe plants do grow in my gardenias alfo in the gardens of Mafter Garret Apothecarie, and Mafler Garths, a worfhipfull gentleman and expert in theknowlege of plants. it the time. They fpring foorth of the grounde in February, and bring foorth their flowers,fruit,and feed,in the end of Auguft. ft The names. Some of the Greeke writers haue deriued the names of thefe plants c Moly, from the Greeke word MaWeiv 7kV voa*i, that is , to driue away difeafes. It may profitablie be argued, to belong to a certaine bulbofe plant, moftliketo Garlick, by thewoord which Hippocrates and Galen doe expound and call a Garlick head, giuing that interpretati¬ on to the Greeke word. As for repeating of foolifh and vaine figments, the coniuring of witches, & magicians inchantments, which haue beene attributed vnto thofe herbes, I leaue them to fuch as had rather plaie with fhadowes,than beflow their wits about profitable and ferious matters. ieThe temperature and vertues . Thefe Molyes arc very hot, approching to the nature of Garlick, not doubting but in time fome excellent manor other will finde out as many good vertues of them, as their {lately and comely proportion fhould feeme to be poffefled with. But for my part,I haue neither prooued,nor heard of others, nor found in the writings of the ancients any thing touching their facilities. Onely Diofco- rides reporteth, that they are of maruellous efficacie to bring downe the tearmes, if one of them be ftamped with oile of the Flower-deluce according to art, and vfed in maner of a peffarie or mother fuppofitorie. If any be defirous to heare of their charming qualities,wherewith the Circes and magicians haue vfed to bring to pafle their diabolicall incantations,let them read Homer touching that matter in the twentie chapter of his Odpjses^nd there Hull they finde matter fcarce woorth the reading. ' of THE FIRST BOOKE - OF THE Of white Lillies. Chap.pi. ft Tbekindes. T Hcre be fundry forts of Lillies whereof fome be wilde , or of the field* others tame, or of the garden; fome white* others red * lome of our owne countries growing ; others from beyond the feas,and bicaufe of the variable forts we will deuide them into Chapters, beginning with the two white Lillies,which diifer little but in the natiue place of growing. I Lilum album. The white Lillie. 2 Lilium album Bizantinum. The white Lillie of Conftantinople. ft The deferift ion* i He white Lilly(which in beauty and brauerie excelled Salomon in his greateft roiaItie)hath I longjfinooth, and full bodied Ieaues,of a graflie or light greene colour. The ftalkes be two cubits high,and fomtimes more,fet or garnifhed with the like leaues, but growing finaler and (mailer toward the top: and vpon them do grow faire white flowers,ftrong of(melI,narrow to¬ ward the foote of the (hike whereon they do grow,wide or open in the mouth like a. bell. In the mid¬ dle part of them do grow fmall tender pointels tipped with a duftie yellow colour,ribbed or chamfe¬ red on the backe fide,confiftingof fixe (mall leaues thicke andfat. The roote is a bulbe made of foa- lycloues,full of tough andclammie iuice wherewith the whole plant doth greatly abound. 1 The white Lillie of Conftantinople hath very large and fat leaues like the former,but narrower and letter. The ftalke rifeth vp to the height of three cubits, let and garnifhed with leaues alfo like the precedent, but much letter. Which ftalke oftentimes doth alter and degenerate from his natu¬ ral, roundnefle to a flat forme,as it were a lath of wood furrowed or chaneled alongft the fame,as it were ribbes or welts. .The flowers growe at the top like the former,(auing that the leaues doe turne themfelues HISTORIE OF PXAHTS.i l 147 themfelues more backward like the Turkes cap, and beareth many more flowers than our Englifh white Lillie doth. it The place. Our Englifh white Lillie groweth in molt gardens pf England. The other groweth naturally in Conftantinople and the parts adiacent,from whence we had plants for our Englifh gardens a where they flourilh as in their owne countrey. v ru : , it The time , '...-j.'.. The Lillies do flower from May to the end of lime. it The names. The Lillie is called in Greeke xfivdvia. in Latine Lilium, and alfo Rofa Iunonis 3 or Iunos rofe, bicaule as it is reported, it came vp of hir milke that fell vpon the ground. For the Poets faine that Hercules whom lupiter had by Alcumena,w as put to Iunos brefts whileft fhe was a fleepc; & after the lucking, there fell away abundance of milke, and that one part was fpiltin the heauens, and the other on the earth,and that of this fprang the Lillie, and the circle in the heauens called LatteusCircuius , or the milkie way,or otherwife in Englifh Wading ftreete.D. Bafilius in the explication of the 44. Pfalme faith,that no hearbe doth fo liuely let foorth the frailtie of mans life as the Lillie. It is called in high Dutch cHUICtff ^llgCn f in low Dutch OTtttfc LtltCU X in Italian Giglio ; in Spanifh Lirio bianco: in French Lys blanc-: in Englifh the white Lillie. The other is called Lilium album Bi&antinum^ and alfo Mart agon album Bizantimm ; in Englifh the white Lillie of Conftantinople: of the Turkes themfelues Sultan Zambach , with this addition that it might be the better knowen which kindc of Lillie they ment, when they lent rootes of them into thefe countries F a fior i granch Bianchi , fothat Sultan Zambach, Fafiori grandi Bianchi , is as much to fay,Sultans great Lillie with white flowers. it The nature. The white Lillie is hot and partly of a fubtile fubftance. But if you regard the roote, it is drie in the firft dcgree,and hot in the fecond. it The vertues. The roote of the garden Lillie ftamped with honie, gleweth togither finewes that be cut in fun- \ der. It confumeth or fcourethaway the vlcers of the head called Achores 3 andlikewife alllcurui- nefle of the beard and face. The roote ftamped with vineger,thc Ieaucs of Henbanc,or the meale of barly,cureth the tumors g and apoftemes of the priuie members. It bringeth the haireagainc vpon places which hauebeene burned or fcalded,ifit be mingled with oile or greafe,and the place therewith annointed. The lame rofted in the embers and ftamped with lome leuen of rie bread and hogs greafe , brea- Q keth peftilentiall botches. It ripeneth apoftemes in the flankes comming of venerie and fuch like. The flowers fteepedinoile oliue and fhifted two or three times during lommer, and let in the X) fiinne in a ftrong glaffe,is good to foften the hardnefie of finewes and the hardnes of the matrix. Florentines fenptor rei rustic & faith,that if the roote be curioufty opened, and therin be put foine £ redjblew or yellow colour that hath no caufticke or burning qualitie, will caule the flowers to be of the lame colour. Julius Alexandrines faith , that the water thereof diftilled anddrunke, caufeth eafie andfpedie p deliuerance,and expelleth the lecondine or after burthen in moft Ipeedie maner. Cafartus Archiater faith, theleaues boiled in lower wine, and deepeandperillous woundsfo-G mentedor bathed therewith, doe greatly helpe the working of the other medicines that are applied thereto,comforting the parts adioining,as (Ja/ewlikewife doth report inhis y.booke de Simpli.medi. facultati. Therooteof the white Lillie ftamped and ftrained with wine, and giuento drinke for two or j-j three daies togither, expelleth poifon ofthe peftilenec, and caufeth it to breake forth in bliftersin the outward part of the skin, according to the experience of a learned gentleman mafter VVilliam Godorus , Sergeant Chirurgion to the Queenes Maieftie: who alio hath cured many of the dropfie with the iuice thereof, tempered with barly meale and baked in cakes, and lb eaten ordinarily for fotne month or fixe weekes togither with meate, but no other bread during the time. THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE Of Tfd Lillies. Chap. pz. ik Thckindes. Here be likewife fundry forts of Lillies, which we do comprehend vnder one generall name: in Englifh red Lillies, wherof fbm are of our owne countries growing,and others of beyond the Teas, the which fhall be diftinguilhed fcuerally in this chapter that followcth. I Lilittm mrcum. Gold red Lillie. 2 Ltliumrubrum . The red Lillie. The defeription, 1 *-|H He gold red Lillie groweth to the height of two, and fometimes three cubits, and often higher than thole of the common white Lillie. The leaues be blacker and narrower, let vc- rie thicke about the ftalke.The flowers in the top be many from ten to thirtie flowers, ac¬ cording to the age of the plant, and fertilitie of the loile, like in forme and greatnes to thole of the white Lillie,but of a red colour tending to a faffron, Iprinckled or poudered with many little blacke lpeckes,like to rude vnperfedf draughts of certaine letters. The rootes be great bulbes, confiHing of many cloues,as thole of the white Lillie. 2 The fine red Lillie hath rootes like the former: from the which rifeth vp a llalke of a cubite and halfe high, fet with broad leaues like thofe of Plantaine. On the top doth grow one flower or two, leldomemany,in colour red or as the flame offire,which quickly doth fade and perifh. 3 The great red Lillie is like vnto the former in ftature,the leaues be fewer in number, broader, & not lo thicke fet. The flowers in fhape be like the former, lauing that the colour heereof is more red, and thicke dafht with blacke fpeckes.The rooteis Icaley like the former. 4 There is another red Lillie which hath many leaues fomwhat ribbed,broader than the laft before mentioned,but fliorter 5 & notfo many in number.The ftalk groweth to the height of two cubits and lome- HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 14? fbmetimes higher, whereupon do grow flowers like the former. Among the footeftalkes of which flowers commethfoorth certainebulbcs or cloned rootes, browneof colour tending to redneflc, which do fall in the ende of Auguft vpon the ground, taking roote and growing in the fame place, whereby it greatly increafeth,for feldome or neuer it bringeth foorth feed for his propagation. There is another fort of the red Lillies, hauing a fairelcaley or eloued roote, yellow abouc,and browne toward thebottome : from which rifeth vp a faire fliffe ftalke crefted or furrowed, of ail ouerworne browne colour, let from the lower part to the branches, whereon the flowers do grow with many leaues, confufedly placed without order^r Among the branches dole by the flemme, grow foorth ccrtainc clones or rootes of a reddifh colour, like vnto the clones of Garlicke before they be pilled, which being fallen vpon the grounde at their time of ripenefle, doe flioote foorth certaine tender firings or rootes that do take hold of the ground whereby it greatlyincreafeth. The flowers are in fhapelike the other red Lillies, but of a darkeoreng colour, refemblinga flame of fire fpotted with blacke fpots, whereof it tooke his name. # The place. Thefe Lillies do growe wilde- in the plowed fieldes of Italie and Languedocke, in the moun- taines andvaliies ofHetruria and thofe places adiacent. They are common in our Englifh gar¬ dens as alio in Germanic. * The time. They flower commonly a little before the white Lillies,when Rofes do. The names. There hauebeene from the beginning great controuerfles about the name of tins red Lillie, or afterfome purple Lillie: the which contro¬ uerfles haue beenefb ridiculous, and yet neuer cenfurcd, that it were much labour loft ro re- peate them: for all and euerie of them haue faid fomewhat, but nothing to the purpofe: for lome haue fought to mende others errors, and haue made more than were before, and therefore it fhall fuffice what hath becne faid in the deferipti- on or title. & The nature. The flower of the red Lillie (as Galen faith) is of a mixt temperature, partly of thin, and partly of an earthly effcnce. The roote and leaues do drie and elenfe, and moderately digeft or vvafte and confume awav. # Thevcrtues. The leaues of theherbe as Diofcorides teacheth, being applied are good againft the flinging of A ferpents. The fame boiled and tempered with vineger, are good againft burnings, and heale grecnc B wounds and vlcers. The roote rolled in the embers and pound withoile of roles cureth burnings, and fofteneth C hardnes of the matrix. The fame flamped with honie, cureth the woundedflnewes and members out ofioint. It taketh D away the morphe w and deformitie of the face,and taketh away wrinckles. Stamped with vineger,the leaues of Hcnbane,and wheat meale, remooueth hot fwellings ofthe 5 ftones,tae yard and matrix. K 3 The 3 Lilium cruentum latifolium. The firie red Lillie. i5<» THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE F 1 he rootes boiled in wine, faith Pliny, caufeth the corncs of the feete to fall away within fewc daies,with remoouing the medicine vntill it haue wrought the effeft. G Being drunke in honied water, they driue out by fiege vnprofitable blood. Of mountaine Lillies. Chappy 7 Lilium montamm mains. The great mountaine Lilly. \ 8 Lilium montamm minus. Small mountaine Lillie* ft Thedefcription. 7 The great mountaine Lillie hath a cloucd bulbe or fcaly roote, like vnto thofe of red Lillfc 3 ycl- fowe of colour,very fmall in refped of the greatnes of the plant: from the which rifeth vp a ftalke, fomtim es two or three, according to the age of the plant, whereof the middle ftalke commonly tur- neth from his roundnes into a flat forme,as thofe of the white Lilly of Conftantinople. Vpon thele ftalks do grow faire leaues of a blackifh greene colour,in roundels and fpaces as the leaues ofwood- roofe,not vnlike to the leaues of white Lilli e,but fmaller at the top of the ftalkes. The flowers be in number infinite,or at the leaf!: hard to be counted, very thick fee or thruft togither,of an ouerwornc purple,tending to the colour ofred lead, /potted on the infide with many fmal fpecks of the colour of ruftie iron. The whole flower doth turneit felfe backward,at fuch time as the funne hath caft his beames vpon it, like vnto the Tulipa or Turkes cap, as the Lillie or Martagon. of Conftantinople doth^ from the middle whereof do come foorth tender pointels withfrnall^dangling pendents hanging thereat, of the fame colour the flower is fpotted with. 8 The fmall mountaine Lillie is very like vnto the former in roote,Ieafe, ftalke and flowers, diffe¬ ring in thele points,the whole plant is lefter, the ftalke neuer leaueth his rounde forme,and beareth fewer flowers. ft The place. Thele Lillies as Diofcorides writeth,do grow wilde in Laodicea and Antioch,a citie ofSyria: and hath likewife bin found in the mountaines of Italy,& fuch hot countries as do border vpon Morea or HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Hi or Greece, many daies iourneies beyond Conftantinople, from whence they are brought among other bulbus plants for the garnifhing of the Turkcs gardens, and the curious Bafhaoesgfrom whence they haue beene brought to England, where they fionrifh as in their natiue countrey. The fmall fort I haue had many ycercs growing in my garden >, but the greater I haue not had till of late, giuen me by my louing friend mailer lames Garret apothecarie in London. - c. •fe The time, . 7 ad: Thele Lillies of the mountaine flower at fuch time as the common white Lilly doth,and iomtimes iooner. - / : v '' ; - it 'the names. * - t j . ' The great mountaine Lillie is called of Taber Mont anus, Lilium Saracenicum , receiued by mailer Garret aforefaid, fromLileinFlaunders.by the name Mart agon Imperiale: of fomc Lihum Saraeenicum mas. The ftnall mountaine Lillie is called in Latinc Lilium montamm, and Lihum fylueHre: of fome Hemerocallupi other Martagon-, but nei ther truly,for that there is of either, other plants properly called by the fame names. In high Dutch it is called in lowe Dutch Ltliftttt# ftait Caluarien: in Spanifh Lirio 'Jkmarillo - in French LysSattuage: in Englifh mountaine Lillie. # The nature and vert ties. There hath not been any thing left in writing either ofthc nature or vertues of thefe plants: not- withftanding we may deeme that God which gaue them fuch ieemely and beautifull fhape, hath not left them without their peculiar vertues: the finding out whereof we leaue to the learned and irc- duftriouslearchcrof nature. The red Lilly of Conftantinople. (fthap.y^.. $ Lilium Bizantinum. The red Lillie of Conftantinople. .CO •fr The dejeription. 9 red Lillie of Conftantinople hath a 1 yellowe fcaly or cloned roote like vnto the mountain Lillie,but greater: from the which rifeth vp a fairc fat ftalke a finger thick,of a dark purplifh colour toward the top, which fom- times doe turne from his naturall roundnes into a flat forme,like as doth the great mountain Lilly: vpon which ftalke do grow fundrie faire andmoft beautiful flowers,in fhape like thole of the moun¬ tain Lilly,but ofgretcr beauty, feeming as it were framed of redwax,tendingtoared leade colour. From the middle of the flower commeth foorth a tender pointcll or peftell % and likewife many final chiues tipped with loofe and tottering pendants hanging thereat. The flower is of a reafonablc plealant lauoure. The leaues are confuledly fet about the ftalke like thole of the white Lillie, but (mailer. & The place. This plant groweth wilde in the fieldes and mountaines , many daies iourneis beyondeCon- ftantinopole, whither it is brought by the poore pefants to be folde, for the decking vp of gardens. From thence it was lent among many other bulbs of rare & daintie flowers, by mailer Harbran am- baflador there, vnto my honorable good Lord and mailer,the Lord Treafurer of Englan d, who bellowed them vpon me for my garden. K 4 * TU 15* THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE He The time. They Bower and flourifh with the other Lillies. He The names. The Lillie of Conftantinople is called likewiic in England Martagonof Conftantinople , of VOhelius Hemerocallis Chalcidonica , and likewiic Ldhum Bizantintm: of the Turks it is called Znfini - 4re: of the Venetians Marocali. t He The nature and vertues Ofthe nature or vertues there is not any thing asyetlet downe, butcfteemedefpecially for the beautic and rarenes of the flower., referring what may be gathered hereof to a further confideration. Of the T erf an Lillie . fhap.93. IQ Lilium Perform. The Perlian Lillie. He The defer ipt ion. io T““* He Perlian Lilly hath for his rootc a great white bulbe, differing infhape from the other Lillies , hauing one great bulbe firme or folide, full of iuice, which commonlie ech ycere fetterh off or encreafeth one other bulbe, and fbmtime more; which the next yecrc after is taken from the mother roote, and fo bringeth foorth fiich flowers as the old plant did: from this rootc rileth vpa fat, thicke, & ftraight ftem,of two cubits high, whereupon is placed long narrow leaues of a green colour 3 declining to blewnefle as doth thole of woade. The flowers growealongft the naked part of the ftalke 5 like little bels,of an ouerworne purple coIour,hanging downe their heads, euerie one ha¬ iling his owne foote ftalke of two inches long, as alio his pointell or clapper from the middle part of the flower; which being paft and withered,thcre is not found any feede at all, as in other plants, but is increaledoncly in his roote. He The place. This Perlian Lillie groweth naturally in Perfia and thole places adiaccnt, whereof it tooke his name, and is nowe made by the induftrie of trauai- lcrs into thofe countries, louers of plants, adeni« zon in forne fewe of our London gardens. He The time. This plant flowreth from the beginning ofMaie, to the end of Iune. He The names. This Perlian Lillie is called in Latin Lilium Perfcum,Lilium Sufantm^Pennacio Pcrfano,zndi Pan - naco Perfiano , either by the Turks themlelues, or by fuch as out of thofe parts brought them into England,but which of both is vneertaine. c. yflphonfks at his being in Conftantinople lent this plant vnto Carolus clufrnw ith this title, Pennacio Perfiano e Plant a bellifima & } Jpeciedi GigliooMar- tagon,dtuer[b della corona Imperi ale : that is in Englifh,This moft elegant plant Pennaco of Perliais a kinde of Lillie or Martagon,differing from the flower called the crowne Imperiall. He The nature and vertues. There is not any thing knowne of the nature or vertues of this Perlian Lillie, efteemed as yet for his rarenes and comely proportion: although if I might be fo bold with a ft ranger that hath vouch- lafed to trauellfo many hundreds of miles for our acquaintance; we bane in our Englifh fields ma- nic fcores of flowers in beautie far excelling it. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 153 The defeription. 11 >- ■ -< He crowne Imperiall hath for his roote a thicke, firme, and foiide bulbe, couered with a 1 ycllowifh filme or skin: from the which nfeth vp a great thicke fat ftalkejtwo cubits high, in the bare or naked part of a darke ouerworne duftie purple eolour.The Ieaues grow con- fufedly about the ftalke,like thofe of the white Lillie, but narrower. The flowers grow at the top of the flalke,comparing it round about in forme of an Imperiall crowne, (whereof it tooke his name) hanging their heads downward as it were bels: in colour it is yellowifh, ortogiue you the true co¬ lour 3 which by words otherwife cannot be expreffed, if you lay fap berries in fteepe in faiFe water for the fpace of two houres, and mixe a little Saffron with that infufion, and laie it vpon paper, it fheweth the perfect colour to limne 3 or illumine the flower withall. The backfide of the faid flower is ftraked with purplifh lines, which doth greatly fet forth the beautie therof. In the bottome ofech of thefe bels there is placed fixe drops of moft cleercfhiningfweete water, intafte like fiigar, re- fembling in fhew faire orient pearles; the which drops if you take away, there doe immediately ap- pecre thelike, as wellinbignes as alfo in fweetenes: notwithflanding if they may be fuffered to ftandc {till in the flower according to his o wnc nature ,they will netier fall away, no not if you ftrike the plant,vntill it be broken: among thefe drops there ftandeth out a certaine peftell,as alio fundrie fmall chiues, tipped withfmall pendents , like thofe of the Lillie. Aboue the whole flowers there groweth a tuft ofgreene Ieaues like thofe vpon the {talks, butlinaller. After the flowers be faded, there followe cods or feede vefiels fixe fquare , infh'ape like the wheelesof alacke to turne the fpit, or like the nut of a crofie-bowe, wherein is conteined flat feede s,tough and limmer, of the co¬ lour of the fpice called mace. The whole plant as well rootes as flowers do fauour or finell verie loathfomly like the foxe. As the plant groweth old,fp doth it waxe rich, bringing foortb a crowne 154 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE of flowers amongft the vppermoft greene leaues , which lome make a fecond kinde, although in truth they are but one and the lelfe-fame, which in time is thought to growe to a triple crowne, which hapneth by the age of the roote, & fertility of the foile; whole figure or type I hauc thought good to adioine with that pi&ureallo which in the time of his infancieithad. - ^ ^ it The place. This plant Iikewile hath been brought from Conftantinople amongft other bulbus rootes, and made denizons in our London gardens,whereof I haue great plentie. it The time. It flowreth in Aprils and lorn times in March when as the weather is warme and plealant. it The names. This rare and ftrange plant is called in Latin Corona Imperials , and Ltlium BizAntinum; of the Turkes themfelues Caualelale, and Tufai. And as diuers haue fent into thefe parts, of thefe rootes at fundry timcs,lb haue they Iikewile fent them by fundry names,lome by the name Tufet, others Toth Jas^ndTupJchlacUyindhkcmib Turfani zwd Turf an.la. it The nature and •vertues. The vertues of this admirable plant is not yet knowne, neither his faculties or temperature in working. Of T>ogs tooth. Cbap.yj. 13 Denscaninus. Dogs tooth. 14 Bens caninusfore dbo anguJlioribmfolijs. White Dogs tooth. it The defeription. 2 3 ^TpHere hath not long fince been found out a goodly bulbofe rooted plant, and termed Saty- I rion, which was fuppofed to be the true Satyrion of Diofcor idesf&vex that it was cherifhed and the vertues thereof found out by the ftudious fearchers of nature. Little difference hath HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 155 hathbeen found betwixt that plant of Diofeorides and this Dens caninus, except in the colour,which (as youknow)doth commonly varie, according to the diuerfitie of places where they grow, as it fab leth out in Squilla,Onions,&: the other kinds of bulbofe plants. It hath moft commonly two leaues, very feldom three,which leafe in fhape is much like to Allium vrfinum ,or Ramfons, though far IefTer. The leaues turne down to the groundvvard:the ftalke is tender and flexible,like to Cyclamen or Sowe bread, about a handfull high, bare and without leaues to the roote. The proportion of the flower is like thofe of Saffron, or the Lilly flower, full offtreames of a purplifh white colour. The roote is bigge and like vnto a Date,with fome fibres growing from it: vnto the laid roote is a fmall,flat,halfe round bulbe adioining,like vnto Gladiolus or corne flagge. 2 The fecond kinde is farre greater and larger than the firft,in bulbe,ftalke,leaues,flower and cod It yeeldeth two leaues for the moft part,which do clofe one within another, and at the firft they d, hide the flower(for fo long as it brings not out his flower)it feemes to haue but one leafe like the T lipaes &like the Lillies, though fhorter, & for the moft part broader ; wherfore I haue placed it and his kinds next vnto the Lillies,before the kinds of Orchis on fronts. Thefe leaues which he beareth, are fpotted with many great fpots of a darke purple colour, narrow below, but by little and little to ward the top waxing broade, and after that growing to be fharpe pointed,in forme fomewhat neere Ramfons,but thicker &more oleous. When the leaues be wide opened, the flower fheweth it felfe vpon his long weake naked ftalke bowing to the earthward, which flower confifteth of fixe verie long leaues, of a fine delaied purple colour,which with the heate of the funne openeth it felfe, and bendeth his leaues backeagaine after the maner of the Cyclamen flower, within which there are fixe purple chiues and a white three forked ftile or peftell. This flower is of no pleafant fmell, but commendable for the beautie : when the flower is vaded, therefuccedetha three fquarehuske or head, wherein are the feedes which are very like them of Leuccium bulbojhmpracox, but longer,flen- derer, and ofayellowe colour. The roote is long, thicker below than aboue, let with many white fibres, waxing very tender in the vpper part, hauingoneor moreotf-fets oryoongfhootes, from which the ftalke arifeth out of the ground(as it hath been faid ) bringing foorth two leaues and not three,or onely one, faue when it will not flower. 3 The third kind is in all things like the former, faue in the leaues which are narrower, and in the colour of the flower, which is altogither white, or confiding of a colour mixt of purple and white. Wherefore fith there is no other difference it fhall fuffice to haue faide this much for thedeferip- tion. ft The place. Thefe three plants grow plentifully at the foote of certaine hils in the greene and moift grounds of Germanie and Italy, in Styria not farre from Gratzium, as aHo in Modena and Bononia in Italy, and likewife in my garden. i? The time. They flower in Aprill,and fomtimes fooner, as in the middle of March. ft The names. The firft is called in Latine Dens caninus herbariorum^ and Erithronium, that is, the Herbarifts Dogs tooth. The men of the countrey where it groweth do call it Utt0 ♦ and the Phifiti- ans about Styria do call it Dentali^ and likewife Dens caninmflore albo^ angushonlm foliis^ that is. Dogs tooth with the white flower and narrow Ieane-s. ft The nature. Thefe are of a very hot temperament, windie and of an excrementitious nature, as may appeere by the vertues. ft The vertues. The women that dwell about the place where thefe grewe and do growe, haue with great pro- A fiteput the dried mealc or powder of it in their childrens pottage, againft the woormesof the belly. . i.. Being drunke with wine, it hath been prooued maruelloufly to aflwage the collickpalfion. B It ftrengthneth and nourifheth the bodie in great meafure,and being drunke with water it cureth C children of the falling ficknes* It prouoketh bodily luft if it be onely handled,but much more ifit be drunke with wine. D Of THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 15 6 Of Dogsflones. Chap. 9%. # The kindes. S Tones or Tcfticles,as Diojcorides faith,are of two forts, one named Cynojorchu or Dogs ftones, the other Orchis Serapias, or Serapias his ftones. But bicaufe there Ec many and fundrie other forts differing one from another, I fee not how they may be contained vnder thefe two kinds onely: therefore I hauc thought good to.deuide them as followeth. The firft kinde we haue named Cynoferchisoi Dogs ftones: the fccon&pTeBiculusMorionis^oi Fooles ftones: the third,T ragorchis^ or Gotes ftones: the fourth, Orchis Serapias , or Serapias ftones: the fift, TeHiculus odor at hs^ or fwcete fmeliing ftones ,or after CordusgTeHicuUu Ttmilioftf. Dwarffe ftones. The dejerrption . Keat Dogs ftones hath fourc,and fometimes fine,great broad thickc IeauesTomewhat like t to e o t te garden Liliie, but finaller. f he ftalke rifeth vp two hands high: at the toppe j , u creo ot grow a great thicke tuft of carnation or horfe-flefh coloured flowers, thicke and clofe thruft togither, made 01 many irnall flowers fpotted with purple fpots, in fhape like to an u P en °° ° r lc 1 n d from the hollow place there hangeth foortha certaine ragged Chiuc or jin , na P C 1 ° a oulc ^ ootc ^ beaft. The rootes be round likevnto the ftonesofa dog, or two me erics, one angingfomewhat {hotter than the other, whereofthe higheft or vpermoft is me fmallcr, but fuller and harder. The Jowermoft is the greateft, lighteft, and moft wrinckled or ihnueled,not good for any thing. % Whire Dogs fton^ hath likewife fmooth,long,and broad leaues, but lefler and narrower than no eof thenrftkind. Theftalkeisa Ipanlong, fetwithfiue orfixeleaues clafpingor embracing the historie OF PLANTS. 157 the fame round about. H.s f|ukie flower is thicke, bulWe, compaft of many CnaU purple coloured Bowers declining to whitenffe, fpotted on the inf.de with many finall purple fpots andhttle lmcs or Brakes. The fmfll flowers ate like an open hood or helmet, hamnghangmgoutof eueneoneas.t were the bodie ofa little man without ahead,with armes fttetched out, and th.ghs ftradlmg abrod, after the fame maner almoft, that thelittle boies are woont to be poured hangmg out of SMrnes mouth.The rootes be like the former. 3 Cy no for chi* maculata. Spotted Dogs ftones. 4 CynoforchispaluHrk. Marifh Dogs ftones. >nnv/ Tv »\ L k 'the defer ip ion. 3 Spotted Dogs ftones bringeth foorth narrow leaues, ribbed in fbme fort like vnto the leaues or narrow Plantaine or ribwoort, dafht with many blacke ftreakes and fpots. The ftalkc is halfe a .cot high: at the top whereof doth grow a tuft or eare of crimfon flowers , mixed with a darke purple, but in thchollownefie thereof whitifh, of the fame forme or fhape that the others are of, but Idler, hauing alfo hanging out of the gaping flowers a little rude and deformed fhape, as it were of Ibmc fower footed beaft.The rootes be like the former. \ . " 4 MariftiDogs ftones hath many thickc blunt leaues next the roote,thicke ftreakedwith lines or nerues like thofe of Plantaine. The flower is of a purple or violet colour. The ftalke and rootes like the former. k The place. Thefe kinds of Dogs ftones do grow in moift andfertill medowes. The marifh Dogs ftones gro~ weth for the moft part in moift and waterifh woodes,and alfo in marifh grounds. k The time. f/ t '/; T They flower from the beginning of may to the middeft of Auguft. k The names. . 5 _ ’ ~ t> \. The firft and fecond are thofe kindes of Dogs ftones, which Diofcorides calleth Cynoforchis • m Enghfh Dogs ftones: after the common or vulgare fpecch Satyvicn, the one the greater, the other the Idler. k The y 1 158 THE first:booke of the & The temperature. Thefe kinds of Dogs (tones be of temperature hot and moift, but the greater feemeth to hauc much fuperfluous windines 3 and therefore being drunke it ftirreth vp flefhly luft. Thefecond which is leiler, is quite contrarie in nature, tending toa hot and drie temperature: therefore his roote is (ofar from mooning venerie, that contrariwile it ftaieth and keepeth it backe, as (j^zzteacheth. He aho affirmeth that Serapias (tones are of a more driefacultie, and do not (o much prcuaile to (tir vp the luft of the flefh. Thevertues. Pi It is reported as Diofcorzdes vvriteth, that if men do eate of the great full or fat rootes of thefe kinds of Dogs (tones,they caufe them to beget male children: andifwomeneateof thelefter, drie or barren roote which is withered or (liriueled , they (hall bring foorth females. Theft are fome Doctors opinions onely. B It is further reported that in The(Talia,the women giuc the tender full roote to be drunke in gotes fnike,to mooue bodily luft 3 and the drie to reftraine the fame. C Our age vftth all the kindes of (tones to ftirre vp venerie , and the apothecaries doe mixe any of them indifferently with compofitions feruing for that purpofe. But the beft and moft effedtuall are the Goates (tones as moft haue deemed:yet both the bulbes or (tones are not to be taken indifferet- ly 3 butthe harder and fuller 3 and that which conteineth moft quantitieof iuice: for that which is wrinckled is lefle profitable or not fit at al to be vfed in medicine. Andthe fuller roote is not alwaies the greater 5 but often the Ieflegefpecially ifthe rootes be gathered before the planthathfhed his flowers 3 or when the ftalke firft commeth vp, for that which is fuller of iuice is not the greateft be¬ fore the feed be perfectly ripe.For feeing that euery other yeere by courft one done or bulbe waxeth full, the other emptie & perifheth, it cannot be that the harder and fuller of iuice fhould be alwaies the greater.For at fuch time as the leaues com forth 3 the fuller then beginneth to increaft 3 & whiled the fame doth by little & little increaft, the other doth decreaft and wither vntill the feed be ripe: then the whole plant togither with the leaues and ftalkes doth foorth with fall away and perilh, and that which in the meanc time inercafed } remaineth ftili frefli and full vnto the next yeere. Of Foole s Jlones , 5 Cyno for chi; Ol to ?io mas . The male Foole (tones. Chap.pp. 6 Cynoforchis Morio farming The female Foole (tones. HHrtisYoi-t# C b I F PlMSTSJ °ti9 t ‘ A»wmn^wt l ^nonmqt>pkm 9 dt * Thedefcrtyhn^"^’ 5 Kip< He male Fooleftoneshath fiue,fometimes fixe,longbroad and fmooth leaues,not vnlike I to thofe of the Lillie , failing that they are dafht and fpotted in fundry places with blacke -*■ fp OCS andftreaks.The flowers grow at the top tuft or fpike fafhion,fomewhat like the for¬ mer but thruft more thicketogither, infhapelike to afooleshoodorcocks-combe wide open, or gaping before,and as it were crefted aboue with ccrtaine eares handing vp by euery fide, and a fmal taile or fpur hanging downe, the backfide declining to a violet colour, of a pleafant fauourot finell 6 The female Fools ftones hath alfo finooth leaues,narrow ,ribbed with nerues like thofe ofPIan- taine. The flowers be likewife gaping, and like the former, as it were open hoods, with a little home or heele hanging behinde euery one of them, and finall greene leaues forted or mixed among them,refemblingcocks-combe,with little eares, notftandingftraightvp, but lying flatvpon the hooded flower, in fuch fort, that they cannot at the fuddcn viewe be perceiued. The rootes are a couple of fmall ftones like the former. The flowers of this fort do varie infinitely in colour, accor¬ ding to the foile or countrey where they do grow: fome bring foorth their flowers of a deepe violet colour, fome as white as fnow,fome of a flefh colour, & fome garnifhed with fpots of diuers colours which are not poffible to be diftinguifhed. ft The place. Thefe kinds ofFooles ftones do grow naturally to their beft liking in paftures and fields thatfel- dome or neuer are dunged or manured. VI • The time. They flower in tune , Iuly and the beginning of Auguft. Their ftones are to be gathered for medicine in September,as are thofe of the Dogs ftones. ft The names. The firft is called Cynoforchis morto •* of Fuchjius Orchis mas: of ^Apuleius Satyrion, and alfo Or - chisDelphinix .'in Englifh male Foole ftones,and Cuckow Orchis. • • ft The temperature. Foole ftones both male and female are hot and moift of nature. ft The vert ties. The vertues of thefe Foole ftones are thought to haue the vertues of Dogs ftones, whereunto they are referred. ‘ • ... , ■ i T {-- •_ . ' V'_ ... /: :1'; . . . . j;oj • . -I Of Gj oates ftones . Cbap.ioo. ft The kindes . T Here be three forts or kinds of Goates ftones, which differ from the others before mentio- ned,as well in fhape of flowers, as alfointheranknesorlothfomnesoffmell. Thelaft ofthe three is thought to be the true and right Tragorchis, according to the beft approoued opi¬ nions rnotwithftanding among themfelues there is great contention for fenioritie, as alfo for fea¬ ture and perfonage; fomehauing leaues like vnto the Lillie, others refemblingthofeof the great Plantaine; fome bringing foorth flowers of a perfect purple colour 5 others white, and fome of mixt colours: the which to diftinguifh particularly were too finall purpofe, confidering the great har- ueft we haue in hand. * I Tragorchis THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I Trdgorchu muximtit. The greateft Goates ftones. 2 Tragor chit mas. The male Goate {tones. it The defer iff ion, 1 |“*Hc greateft of the Goates ftones, bringeth foorth narrow leaues, ribbed in lome fort like I vnto the broad leafed Plantaine, but larger. The ftalke groweth to the height ofhalfe a cu¬ bit, let with fuch great leaues euento the top of the ftalke by equall diftances. The tuft or bufh of flowers be Imall and flat open,with many tender ftrings or laces comming from the middle part of thole fmall flowers, crookedly tangling one with another, like the finall tendrels of the vine, or rather the laces or ftrings that growevponthe herbe Sauorie. The whole flower con- liffceth of a purple colour.The roots are like the reft of the Orchides, but greater. 2 The male Goate ftones hath leaues like to thofe of the garden Lillie, with a ftalke a foote long, wrapped about euen to the tuft of the flowers with thole his leaues. The flowers which growe in this bufh or tuft be very lmall,in forme like vnto a lizard, bicaule of the twilled or writhen tailes and ipotted heads: euery of thele Imall flowers is at the firft like a round dole huske, of the bignes of a peafe, which when it openeth there commeth out of it a little long and tender fpur or taile, white toward the fetting of it to the flower,the reft Ipotted with red dafhes, hauing vpon ech fide a fmall thing adioined vnto it, like to a little legge or foote; the reft of the faid taile is twilled crookedly about, and hangeth downwarde.The whole plant hath a rancke and flinking fmell or fauor like the fmell of a goate, whereof it tooke his name. 3 The female Goate ftones hath leaues like the male kind, fauing that they be much fmallcr, ha¬ uing many flowers on the tuft,refembling flies that feede vpon flefh. The ftones or rootesare like the former. 3 Tragorchii HISTORIE OF PLANTS. & The place. 3 Trdgorchis fornix a. The female Goate ftones. l6t Thefe kinds of Goates ftones delight to grow in fat clay grounds,and leldom in any other foils to be found. & The time. They flower in Maie and Iune,with the other kinds of Orchis. The names: The Grecians haue named thefe kindes of Gor»:e ftones : in Latine Tetticttliss Hir- cinm, and alfo Orchis Saurodes, or Scincophora • in Englifh great Goate ftones. The lecond Tragorchis mas, male Goates ftones. The third Trdgorchis feemina , or CorioJrnites y and offome Coriophora: in Englifh female Gotes ftones. & The nature andvertues. The temperature andvertues of thefe are re~ ferred to the Foole ftones, notwithftanding they are felddme or ncuer vfed in phifick, in regards of the ftmking and lothfome ftnell and fauour they are poftetfed with. Of Foxeflones. f bap. iou ie The kindes . T flowerf Somelf n ^ C fl °^ Foxc ^ ,ne 55 differing very much in fhape of their leaues, as alfo in A v e h. Some haue flowers, wherein is to be feene the fhape of limdrie forts of liuinP crea- I vnrn h ancJ proportion of flies 5 in other gnats 5 fome humble bees • others like to Lome bees; fome like butterflies; and others like wafpes that be dead 5 fome yellow of colour- and thfrt e veeres i to wSf?,"' ’ ,s r° rthle tri P le ho!lor ) hath <pent at the eaft fine ssaa&r “ S2«ss5ssift i will be nothin® like the nlant from bc | rcth flo ' vers ° fvaIlab k colours, and the tnoft ofthofe plants I Kerned* l6% THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 1 I Hermaphroditica. Bees Satyrion. 3 Tejliculm Vulpinus, Humble Bee Orchis • a Te&iculm Spbegodes. Gnats Satyrion. 4 TefticnJusVulpinusmAior. Great humble Bee Orchis. * the HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 163 k The defer lotion, Ecs Orchis or Satyrion,bearcth next the roote two very faire broad leaues like thofe of the Lillie, fcldomc three. The flowers be white of colour, refembing the fhape of a butter flie. The ftalke is a foote high, the roote is two ftones like the other kindes of ftones or Cul- lions. 2 Gnat Satirion comfneth foorth of the ground, bearing two,fometime three leaues like the for¬ mer,but much fmaller. The ftalke groweth to the height of an hand, whereon are placed veric orderly finall flowers like in fhape to Gnats and of the fame colour.The roote is like the former. 3 The Humble Bee Orchis hath a fewe fmall weake and fhorte leaues, which growe fcatteringly about the ftalke. The flowers grow at the top among the fmall leaues,refembling in fhape the hum¬ ble Bee. The roote confiftethof two ftones or bulbes withfome fewe threds annexed thereto. 4 The great Humble Bee Satirion groweth out of the ground, hailing ftalkes flnall and tender. The leaues are like the former, but fomewhat greater, declining to a browne or darke colour. The flowers be fmall, of the colour of a drie oken leafe, in fhape refcmbling the great Bee called in En- glifh an Hornet or drone Bee. The roote is like the other. 5 The leaues of Wafpe Satirion are longer than the laft before mentioned, narrower, turning thcmfelues againft the funne as it were rounde. The ftalke is round,tender, and verie fragile. At the top grow the flowers,refembling the fhape of the dead carkas of a Bee. The ftones or buibes of the rootes be fmaller and rounder than the laftrehearfed. 6 The Flie Satirion is in his leaues like the other, failing that they be not of fo darke a colour: the flowers be fmaller and more plentifully growing about the ftalke in fhape like vnto Fiies,brownc of colour. qdVb. : ; " . qv.dr b ::: k The description . 7 Yellow Orchis rifeth out of the grounde with browne leaues, fmaller than the laft before men¬ tioned. The ftalke is tender and crooked. The flowers grow at the top yellow of colour, in fhap^ refcmbling the yellow Flies ,brcd in the dung of kinc after raine. f o <> L a 8 The 1(54 THE first booke of the 8 The fmall yellow Satyrion hathleaues fpread vpon the ground,at the firft coaiimngvp; the Hea¬ der fhlke rifeth vp in the middeft, of halfe a hand high. The flowers grow fcatteringly towarde the top, rcfembling the flies laft before mentioned, darkc or ruftie of colour :thc ftones or bulbes are my round. y Orchis My odes Lutetu, Yellow Satyrion. 8 Orchis My odes minor. Small yellow Satyrion. & The defeription. 9 Birdes Orchis hath many large ribbed leaues, fpred vpon the ground like vntothofe of Plan- , ;;:;r°,T he t l nC !? rftaIkcsCOUercd Cl,en tothe tL,ftof thefl owers withthelike ies,b j t leller,in fuch fort that the (hikes cannot be feene for the leaues. The flowers grow at the op not fo thicke fet orthruft togither as the others, purple of colour like in fhapevnto little birds,with their wings fpred abroad readie to flie.The rootes be like the former. F t o Spotted Birdes Satyrion hath leaues like vnto the former, fauing that they be dafht or fpot- ed hecre and there with darke fpots or ftreakes, hauing a (hike coucrcd with thelike leaues, fo that the plants differ not in any point,except the blacke fpots which this kind is dafht with, ii Buttcrflie Satyrion hath leaues riling immediately foorth of the ground like vnto the blades o leaues ofLcekes but fliortcr: amongthe which rifeth vp a (lender naked ftalkc two handfuls A £ * °° th , e to P wherc °f Ibe whtc flowers, refembling the fhape or forme of a fmall bird readie to of the former* bUttCrfl!e WKh hlr Win S es f P read abr °ad. Hie rootes are round and fmaller than any in \ S /7 rion br ”l§ etb Portb man y broad large and ribbed leaties,fpred vpon the ground rlnrlwZ m f ^fr rf With T X P ur P le {P°W thcbaclcepart oftte flower Sin| to red les. The rootc* be greater (tones than aay'df.thekindsofSatyrioiiSi ; v/offT---‘dapm-Mr.** ■:/. $ Orchti HISTORIE OF PLANTS. T iff* £ Orchis Ornithophorx 10 Orchis Ornithophorafolzomaculofo* Birdes Satyrion, II Ormthophorc Candid*. Butte r-flic Orchis. \ Tv; Spotted Birdes Orchis. 12 Orchis Strateunuticx, Souldiers Satyrion. Qrchk / 16 $ THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I £ Orchis Stratctm&ticA minor\ Souldicrs Cullions. 14 Orchis ^fndrschnitu. Maimed Satyrion. 13 Souldiers Cullions hath many Ieaues fpred vpon the ground, but lefler than the fouldiers Sa¬ tyrion , as is the whole plant. The backe fide of the flowers are fomewhat mixed with whitenefle, and fometimes are afh coloured: the infide of the flower is fpctted with white likewife. 14 Maimed Satyrion hath many thinne Ieaues like vnto thole of the Lillie, fcatteringly fet vpon a weake and feeble ftalkc : whereupon do grow fmall flowers, refembling as wellinfhape as colour, the bodie ofa dead humble Bee, with rootes like the former. 7 ‘he place. Thefe kinds of Orchis growe forthemoft partinmoiftmedowes and fertill paftures, asalfoin moift woodes. The Bee, theFlic, and the Buttcr-flie Satyrions, do growe vpon barren chalkie hils andheathie grounds, vpon the hils adioining to a village in Kent named Greene-hithe, vpon long field downes by South-fleet, two miles from the fame place, and in many other places of Kent: likewife in a field adioining to a fmall groue of trees halfe a mile from Saint Albons at the South ende thereof. They grow likewife at Hatfield neere Saint Albons, by the relation of a learned Preacher there dwelling mafter Robert ^€bot, an excellent and diligent Herbarift. Thatkinde which refembleth the white Buttcr-flie, groweth vpon the declining of the hill at the North ende of Hampfleed heath , neere vnto a fmall cottage therein the way fide, as ye go from London to Hcnden a village thereby. It groweth in the fields adioining to the pound or pinfolde, without the gate at the village called Highgate neere London: and likewife in the wood belonging to a worfnipfull gentleman of Kent named mafter Sidley of South-flcete, where doe grow likewife many other fare and daintie Simples,that are not to be found elfe where in a great circuit. ii The time. They flower for the molt part from May to the end of Auguft. 1 kThe 3 H 1 H I S;T Q R lib Q Pr P A ftN T S, 7 *67 ft ba • ol • # ' : WiifiJ Thefe kinds of Orchis haue notbeen much written of bythe ancients, neither by the late writer's to any purpofe, lb that it may content you for this time to receiue the names fet dojvne in their feue- rall titles, referuing what elfe might be faid as touching the Greeke, French, or Dutch names, or any generall definition vhtilha further confideration or fecond Edition. .. vU' ■ 'fsThenatureandvertues. .a. 1 - The nature and vertues of thefekindesof Orchis are referred vnto the others, namely to thofe oftheFoxe ftones: notwithftanding there is no great vfe of thefe in Phificke, but regarded for the pleafant and beautifull flovvers,wherewith nature hath feemed to plaie and difport hir felfe. Of Sweete bullions. Cbap.ioz. # Thckindes. r Tp Here befundrie lorts of fweete fmelling Tefticles or ftones,whereof the firft is moft fweete and pleafant in fmell; the others of lefte finell or fauour, differing in flowers & rootes. Some haue white flowers; others yellow; fome flefh coloured; fome dafhtvpon white with a little redaifh waih,fome haue two ftones,fbme three,and othersfower,wherin their difference doth confift. I Te Bicults* odor atm. Ladie Traces. % 2 Triorchis. Triple Ladie Traces. ^ The dejcr'tption. 1 He firft kind ofSwecte ftones is a fmall, bafe, and lowe plant inrefpe&ofallthcreft. The leaues be fmall,narrow and fhort,growing flatvpon the ground: among the which rifeth vp a fmall, weake, and tender ftalke of a finger long; whereupon doe grow fmall white flo¬ wers fpike-faftiion, of a pleafant fweete fmell. The rootes are two fmall ftones in fhape like the others. 2 Triple Orchis hath fower bulbes or tuberous rootcs,fomewhat long,fet with many {mall fibres or {hort threds, from the which roots rife immcdiatly many fiat&plaine leaues,ribbed with nerues * ^4 along 168 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE along the leaues,like thofe of Plantaine: among which come foot th naked ftalkes , fmall and ten- dcrjwhereupon are placed certainie ffnall white flowers,tracc fafhion,notfo fweetc as the former in fmell andfauour. 3 Orchis Frijta. Friezland Ladie traces. ncrji': ■ 4 Orchis Leodienjis. Liege Ladie traces. ft The dejeription. $ Friezland Ladie traces hath two fmall round ftones or bulbes,ofthe bignes of the peafe that we call Rouncifals 5 from the which rife vp a fewe leaues , Iefler then thofe of the triple ftones, ribbed as the ffnall leafed Plantaine: among the which commeth foorth a fimall naked ftalke , fetround about with finall yellow flowers,not trace fafhion,as the former. 4 Liege Ladie traces hath for his rootes two greater ftones and two fmaller^from the which com¬ meth vp two and fomtimes more leaues, furrowed or made hollow in the mids like vnto a trough, from the which rifeth vp a {lender naked ftalke, fet with fuch flowers as the laft deferibed, fauing that they be of an ouerworne yellow colour. ft The place. Thefe kinds of Stones or Cullions do grow in drie paftures Si heathes, and likewife vpon chalky hilsjthe which Ihaue found growing plentifully in fundry places, as in the fielde by Iflingtonneere London,where there is a bouling place vnder a fewe old fhrubby okes.They grow likewife vpon the heath at Barne-elmes, neere vnto the head of a conduit that fendeth water to the Iioufe belonging to the late fir Frances VValfingham. They grow in the field next vnto a village called Thiftlewoorth, as yee go from Branford to hir Maiefties houfe of Richmond; as alfo vpon a common heath, by a village neere London called Stepney, by the relation of a learned merchant of London, named mafter James Cole, exceedingly well experienced in the knowledge of Simples. The yellow kinds growe in barren paftures and borders of fields about Ouenden and Clare in Eflex. Likewife neere vnto MucheDunmowe in Eftex, where they were fhewed me byalearned gentleman mafter lames T rr^^excellently well feene in the knowledge of plants, ft Th HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 169 ^ The time. Thefc kinds of Stones do flower from Augtift to the end of September. is Then Ames. The firfl is called in Latine Te Site ulus Odor at us: in Englifb iweete fmelling Tefticles or Stones, not of the fwetenes of the rootcs,but of the flowers. It is called alio Orchis Jpiralis , or c Autumnalis , for that it commeth to flowring in Autumne: of our Englifh women they be called Ladie traces: in euery countrey by a feuerall name, as of fomefweeteBallocks, iweete Cods, fweete Cullionsand Standergrafie. In Dutch Jftttatafetatttjand ♦ in French Sattrion. The lecond fort is called T*iorchu y and alio Tetrorchis: inEnglifh triple Ladie laces, or white Orchis. The third is called Orchis Frizia: in Englifh Friezland Orchis. The laftoftheickinde of Stones or Tefticles,is called of iome Orchis Leodtenjis, and Orchis Lu- tea ; in Latine likewiie Bajilica minor Serapias, and Trtorchis ^fEgineta : in Englifh yellowe Ladie traces. is The temperature. . Thefe kinds of iweete Cullions are of nature and temperature like the Dogs ftones, although not vied in Phificke in times paft, notwithftanding later writers haue attributed iome vertues vnto them as folioweth. is The venues. The full and fappy rootes of Ladie traces eaten or boiled in tnilke and drunke, prouoke venery, A nourifh andftrengthenthebodie,and be good for fuch as are fallen into a coniumption or feuer Hedtique. Of Satyrion royall. # The kinds. T Herc be fundrie forts of Stones comprehended of the auncients vndcr the generall title Sati- rion roiall 5 notwithftandingfor diftindfcions fake, and for the eaiier vnderilandingof the Rea* der, I haue fet downe onely two,male and female, the reft I thought good to make the kindes of Scrapias Stones. 1 Talma chrtfli mas. The male Satyrion royall. 2 Talma Chrisli feemina. The female Satyrion royall. / 170 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE k T 'he defer ip ion. j > ' 1" * He male Satyrion roial hath large rootes,knobbed,not bulbed as the others,but branched I or cut into fundrie fe&ions like an hand, from the which come vp thicke and fatte ftalks, let with large leaues like thofeof Plantaine: at the top whereof growetha tuft of pur¬ ple flowers 5 fpotted with a deeper purple colour. 2 The female Satyrion hath clouen or forked rootes, with feme fibres ioined thereto. The leaues be like the former,but finaller and narrower,and confufedly dafht or fpotted with black fpots: from the which fpriogeth vp a tender ftalke, at the top whereof doth grow a tuft of purple flowers, in fa- fhion like vnto a fliers hood,changing or varying according to the foiie and climate,fomtimes red, fomtimes white,and fomtimes light carnation,or flefh colour. k The place. The roial Satyrions do grow for the mo ft part in moifl and fennie grounds,medowes and woods that are very moifl: and fhadowie. I haue found them in many places, efpecially in the middeft of a wood in Kent called Swainefcombe wood neere to Grauelend, by the village Swainefcombe,and likewife in Hampftced wood fower miles from London. k The time. They flower in Maie and June,but feldome later. k The names. Roiall Satyrion or finger Orchis,is called of theLatincs Palma Chrifti j notwithftanding there is another herbe or plant called by the fame name,which otherwife is called Ricinm. This plant is cal¬ led likewife of fome Satiria Rafihcapi Satiria regia.S ome would haue it to be Buzeiden, or Buzidan K^irabttm , but iMuicen faith Buzeiden be hard white rootes,like thole of Behen album : but contrari- wife the rootes of Palma Chrifti are nothing leflethan wooddie, fo that it cannot be the fame. Mathiolm would haue Satirion roiall ro be Digiti Citrini ^Auicenna , finding fault with the monkes which fet foorth commentaries vpon Mefues compolitions, doubting and leauing it to the cent¬ ring of the difereet Reader. Yet do we better allow of the monkes doubt than of Mathiolns afterti- on, for ^sfuicens words be thefe 5 What is ^Afabafafra, or Digiti Citrini , anfwering the doubt him- felfe faith; it is in figure or fhape like the hand of a man, of a inixt colour between yellow and white, and of a hard and wooddie fubftance. Which words vndoubtedly of KMmcenna and Rhafis in the cares of men of iudgernent do confirmethat Satirion roiall or Palma chriHi, are not tho fc Digiti Citrini of Mathiolm. k The temperature. The rootes of Satirion roiall are like to the ftones or tefticles of CynoJdrchis } ovT)o°s ftones,both in fauour and tafte,and therefore are thought to be of like faculties. k The ’vertues. Nicolaus TSljccls in the chapter of the cure of a quartaine ague, faith, that the rootes of Palma Chrijli are offeree to purge vpward and downward,and that a roote or two ftamped and giuen with wine before thefitcommeth, is a good remedie againft old quartaines after purgation, and repor¬ ted! that QVKBiliolus after he had endured fower and for tie fits was cured therewith. Of Serapi as jlones . Chap . i ozj.„ k Thekindes. T Here be fundrie forts of Serapias ftones, whereof feme be male; others female; fome great; and fome of finaller fort, varying likewife in colour, the flowers whereof fome be white, others purple coloured, altering according to the foiie or climate, as the greateft partofbul- bofe rootes do: moreouer fome grow in marfhie and fennie grounds, and fome in fertill paftures,ly- ing open to the funne,varying likewife in the fhape of their flowcrs,retaining the forme of flies, but¬ terflies and gnats,like thofe of the foxeftones. I Serapi# HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 171 I Serapi as Candida fore. White handed Orchis. 3 Serapiaspaluflri* latfolia. Marrifh Satyrion. 2 Serapias minor jtitentefore. Red handed Orchis. Serapias pikBris leptophyEa . Fennie Satyrion. Hetk i7 3 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE # The defection. He white handed Orchis or Satyrion 3 hath long and large leaues, fpotted and dafht with blacke fpots 3 from the which doth rife vp a final fragile or brittle flalke of two hands high, hailing at the top a bufh or fpokie tuft of white flowers, like inflhapeto thofeof Palma Chritfzjn herof this is a kinde. The rootc is thick 3 fat 3 and full of iuice, fafhioned like the hand and fingers of a man,with feme tough and fat firings fattened to the vpper part thereof. 2 ~Red handed Satyrion is a fmal lowe and bafe herbe 3 hauing a fmall (lender ftalke 3 fet with two or three fmall leaues like to thofe of the Leeke,but fhorter. The flower groweth at the top tuft fafhion, of a glittering red colour 3 with a roote fafhioned like an hand 3 but letter than the former. 3 Serapias ftones 3 or marrifh Satyrion 3 hath& thicke knobbie roote 3 deuided into fingers like thofe of Palma ChriHi, whereof it is a kinde: from which rife thicke 3 fat 3 andfpungious ftalkes 3 let with brode leaues like thofe of Plantaine 3 euen to the top of the tuft of flowers; but the higher they rife toward the top the fmaller they are. The flower confifteth of many fin all hooded flowers fomwhat whitifh, fpotted within with deepe purple fpots; the backfide of thefe little flowers are violet, mixed with purple. , 4 Fennie Satyrion or Serapias ftones differeth little from the former 3 failing that the leaues are fmaller and fomewhat fpotted, and the tuft of flowers haue not fo many greene leaues nor fo long, mixed with them,without difference at all in the rootes. 5 Serapias merit ana. Mountaine Satyrion. 6 Serapias Gariophyllata. Sweete fuelling Satyrion. & T he description. 5 Mountaine orchis or Satyrion hath thicke, fat, and knobbie rootes 3 diuided like the former in flalkes,Ieaues,and flowers,but fomewhat letter. 6 Cloue Satyrion or fweete finelling Orchis 3 hath flat and thicke rootes diuided into fingers like thofeof Palma chrtHi , fauing thatthe fingers are longer, fmaller, and more in number: from the which rife vp long and narrow leaues like thofe of Narelfins orDatfodill: among which commeth foorth a fmall tender flalke at the top whereof, doth growe a purple tuft, compact of many fmall flowers* HI $ T O RIE OFi P L A N T S. 175 flowers refcmbling Flies,but infauour and fmelllike the CIoue,or Cloue gillofer; but farrefweeter and pleafanter, as my felfe with many Qtliers can witnes now lining,that haue both feene and fmelt them in iny garden.' \ v 7 Serapias CaHratum. Gelded Satyrion. 8 Serapias Batrachites. Frog Satyrion. 'k’The defeription . 7 Gelded Satyrion hath Ieaues with nerues and finewes like to thofe of Daffodilly fet vpon a weake and tender ftalke, with flowers at the top refcmblingthe crowneor diademe of a king, white of co¬ lour ,fpotted within the flower in fhapelike Gnats and little Flies. The CVlke is gelded as it were, or the ftones and handcs cut off, leauing for the roote two longlegs or fingers, with many firings fa¬ ttened to the top. 8 Frog Satyrion hath final flat Ieaues fet vpon a (lender weake ftetn: at the top wherof doth grow a tuft of flowers compad offundrie finall flowers, which in fhape doe referable little Frogs, wherof it tooke his name. The roote is likevvife gelded, onely referued two finall mifhapen lumpes with ccrtaine fibres annexed thereto. ii Thetime. . . , Thefe flourifh in May and Iune,but fcldome after Auguft,except fome degenerate kinde,or that hath had fome impediment inthe time when it fhould haue flowred,as often happeneth. ie The names. Wehaue called thefekindes, Serapias ftones, or Orchis Serapiades, efpecially for that fundric of them doe bring foorth flowers, refembling Flies ahd fuchlike, taking the name as it were from Serapias the god of the Citizens of Alexandria in Acgypt, who had a moft famous Temple at Ca- napus where he was worfhiped by allkindeoflafciuiousvvantonnes,fbngs,dauncings,as'wemay read in*S trabo in his iy.booke. It is alfo called Entaticos, Panion and of the Latines Te Hi cuius lepo~ rintis^ and Satyr iam : of fome Orchis : in Engl ilia Satyrion,and finger Orchis,and Hares ftones. ie The nature and vert ties. Serapias ftones arc thought to be in nature, temperature, and vertues like vnto the Satyrion roi- all,although not fo much vied in Phifickc,yct doubtlefle they worke the effed of the other ftones. Of 174 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE ^ \ f t- r • r *' " r ...... . .. • f -> Of Fennieflones . I SttAfitU pdluttrulatifolu* Marrifh Satyrion. Cbap.io 5 . 2 Ser/tpjM pdluHrkleptophylU, Serapias handed Satyrion. ✓ ’k The dejeriftio#, ■: -r . O 1 YJ Road leafed Serapias ftoncs hath cleft or diuided rootes like fingers , much like vnto the rootes of Palma ChriHi, whereof this is a kinde: from the which rifeth vp a ftalkc of a foote high ,fet heere and there with very faire Lillie like leaues,which do clip or imbrace the ftalks almoft round about like the Ieaues of Thorowewax: at the top of the ftalke groweth a faire bufh of white flowers /potted or dafht ouer with purple: among the which flowers grow many final! green fharpe pointed Ieaues. The feedcl could neuer obferue, being a thing like dull that fliethin the winde. 2 Serapias handed Satyrion differeth little from the precedent, but in greatnefle^ colour of the flowers: for this plant bringeth foorth faire white flowers gaping wide open; in the hollownefle whereof appeere certaine things obfeurely hidden refembling little Helmets, which fetteth foorth the difference. 3 Handed Satyrion hath very great rootes, with fome firings faftened to the vpper part there¬ of, fafhioncdlike an hand, whereof it tooke his name;from which rifeth vpa faire ftiffe ftalke, armed with large Ieaues, verie notablie ftraked with blackifh fpots, clipping or embracing the ftalkc round about: at the top of the ftalkc ftandeth a faire tuft of purple flowers, with manic greene Ieaues mingled amongft the fame, which maketh the bufh or tuft much greater.Thc feed is nothing elfe but as it were duft like the other of his kinde. 4 The Eunuch Orchis or handed Satyrion with tefticles, hathmanie long rootes, difperfing diemfelues,or creeping farre abroad in the groundc,contrarie to all the reft of the Orchides: which * •'' ' rootes i J. HI S T OR IE OF PLANTS. 175 rootcs are of the bignefle of ftrawes in fubftance, likethofe of Sopcwoort; from the which imme¬ diately rife fower or hue broade fmooth leaues like vnto the fmall Plantaine, from the which fhooteth vp a fmall and tender ftalke 3 at the top whereof groweth a pleafant fpikie eare of a purple or incarnate colour, {potted on theinfide with little fpeckes of bloody colour. Theftede is very {mail, yet better to be obftrued than any of the reft of the Orchides. 3 Palma Chrislipalusiris. Handed marifh Satyrion. 4 1 ■ 4 Palma Chrisli,radicerepente. Handed Satyrion without ftones. ft The place. ■ 4 •* ■" . * * - r • ■. ' • •' They grow in marifh and fenny groundes,and in fhadowie woodes that are very moift. The laft was found ( by a learned preacher called mafter Robert ^Abbot of Bifhops Hatfield)in a boggie groue where a Conduite head doth ftand, that fendcth water to the Queenes hoiife in the fame tovvne. ft The time They flower and flourifh about May and Iune. ft The temperature and vertues. There is little vfe of theft in Phificke,onely they are referred vnto the handed Satyrions, wherof they are kinds: notwithftanding Dalejcampitu hath written in his great volume, that the marfh Or¬ chis is ofgreater force than any of the Dogs ftoncs in procuring ofluft. earner ariut of Noremberge,who was the firft that deferibed this kinde of creeping Orchis, hath fet it foorth with a bare defcription onely ..and I am likevviftconftrained to do the like,bicauft as yet I haue had no triall thereof. Of 17$ the FIRST BOOKE OF THE&c. Of \'Birdes nefl. Cbap.\o6. Satyr turn abort nidus auk. Birdes nefl. T he dejcrif tion, Irdesnefl hath many tanglingrootes platted or eroded one oner another verie intricately, which refembleth a Crowes nefl made of ftickes j from which rifeth vp a thicke foft grofle flalk of a browne colour,fet with final! fhort leaues of the colour of a drie oken leafe that hath lien vn- der the tree all the winter long: on the top of the flalke groweth a fpikie eare or tuft of flowers, in fhapelikevnto maimed Satyrion, whereofdoubt- lefle it is a kindc. The whole plant, as well flalkes, leaues, and flowers, are of a parched browne co¬ lour. & "Theylace. This Baflardor vnkindely Satyrion is very fel- dome feene in thefe Southerly parts of England. It is reported that it groweth in the North parts of England neervntoa village called Knaesborough. I found it growing in the middle of a wood in Kent two miles from Graues end,neer vnto a worfhipfuli gentlemans houfe called mafter William Swan of Howcke greene. The wood belongeth to one ma¬ iler lohn Sidley : which plant I did neuer fee elfe where. Andbicaufeit is very rare lam the more willing togiueyouall themarkesin the wood for your better finding it, bicaufe it doth growe but in one peece of the wood,that is to fay, the ground is couered allouer in the fame place neere about it with theherbe Sanyde 3 and alio the kinde of Orchis called Hermaphroditica.px. Butter-flie Satyrion. The time. It ffowreth and ftourifheth in lune and Auguft. The duflie or mealy feede (if it may be called feed)falleth in the end of Augufl,butin my iudgement it is an vnprofitableor barraine dull,and not any feed at all. tfr The names. It is called Satyrittm abort'mum 3 of fome Tfidm auk : in French Tfjd dl aufea : in Englifh Birdes nefl and Goofe nefl. ic The temperature andvertues. It is not vied in Phificke that I can finde in any autoritie, either of the auncicnt or later writers, but is dleemed as a degenerate kinde of Orchis 3 and therfore not vfed. The end of thefirfiBookg. *77 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE HIST OKIE OF PLANTS: Containing the defcription, place, time, names, nature, and yertues ofallforts of herbsfor meate, medicine, or fyeetefuelling vfe, &c. He treatie of Grades,Rulhcs,Corne and bulbus rootes, vve haue in our fiift Booke diffidently defcribed,& fuch alfo as whole braue and gallant flowers do decke and beautifie Gardens, and feede rather the eies than the bellie.Bcfides thefe,there remaine certaine other bulbes,but yet not all foiling for foode: of which notwithftanding we will alfo difeourfe in this booke,deuiding them in fuch fort, that thole that may be iudged to be of one kinde,fhall be leparated one from another. It may therefore fulfice that vve haue leuered the bulbed flowers from thefe that ferue for meate and nourifhment, which otherwile might hauebeene allb com¬ prehended in one booke togither,as by lome they haue beene. Of Turneps . Thefirf Chapter . # The kinds. T Here be fundrie forts of Turneps; feme wilde; lome of the garden; fome with round rootes globe fafhion pother ouall or peare falhion j lome great 5 and fome of a fmaller forte. I Rapummitus, Great Turneps. 2 Rapumminus. Small Turneps. M x * The I; \ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE k The defer i ft ion. He Turnep hath long, rough &greeneleaucs, cut or fhipt about the edges with deepe gafhes. The ftalke diuideth it fclfe into fundrie branches or armes,bearin? at the top fmall flowers of a yellow colour,and fome times of a light purple 5 which being paft , there do fucceed long cods full of fmall blackifh feede like rape feede. The roote is round like a bowleg and fometimes a little ftretched out in length,gro¬ wing verie (hallow in the ground,andoften fhewing itfelfe aboue the face ofthe earth. 2 The fmall Turnep is like vnto the former, fauingthatitislefler. The roote is much fweeter in taft,as my felfehaue often prooued. 3 There is a third fort of fmall Turnep laid to hatic red rootes, but my felfehaue not as yet feene any fiich. But I am of opinion that fome haue feene the roote of the red Beet, which oftentimes is found in barren grounde to haue the roote declining to roundnefle, and of colour red or fed- difh 3 vvhich hath beene taken for a kinde of Turnep. v k The place* The Tirrnep profpereth well in a light, loofe, and fat earth, andfo loofe a s Petrus Crejcentiut fheweth ,that it may be turned almoft into duft. It grovveth in fields and diuers vineyardes ,or hoppe gardens in mod places ofEngland. The iinall Turnep groweth by a village neere London (called Hackeney) in a fandie ground,and brought to the Grofle in Gheap-fide by the women of that village to be fblde, and are the bell that euerltafted. k The time. Turneps are fowen in the fpring,as alfo in the end of AuguftV They flower and feede thefeconcj yeere after they are fowen 5 forthofe which flower the fame yeere that they are fowen are a degene* ratekinde, called in Chefhire about the Namptwitch Madneeps, of their euill qualitic in cau- fi'ng frenfie and giddincfTe of the braine for a feafon. k The mines* The Turnep is called in Latinc Rapum: in Greeke pyyuM, which is commonly vied in fhops,and euery where Rapa. The Lacedemonians call it^?.* theBoetians^xeATvVasc^^^ reportethtin high Dutch it is named HtitCIl ♦ in low Dutch jRapeil t in French N.ahcak rond : in Spanifh Nabe : in Englifli Turnep and Rape. k The temperature and verities. A The bulbus or knobbed roote, which is properly called Rapum or Turnep, and hath giuenthe name to the plant,is many times eaten raw efpecially of the poore people in Wales, but mod com¬ monly boiled. The raw roote is windie and engendreth grofle and cold blood:the boiled doth cook lefle,and fo little as that it cannot be perceiued to coole at all,yet it is moift and windie. B It auaileth not a little after what maner it is to be prepared, for being boiled in water or in cer- taine broth, it is more moift and fooner defcendeth,and maketh the bodie more foluble ;but being rolled or baked it drieth and ingendreth lefle winde, and yet it is not altogither without windc. But howfoeuer they be drefled they ycelde more plentie of nourifhment than thofe that are eaten rawe: they do increafe milke in women brefts,and naturall feed,and prouoke vrine. C The decodtion of Turneps is good again ft the cough and hoarfiiefle of the voice, being drunke sn the euening with a little fugar or a quantitie of clarified hony. D Dtcfcor/dcswriteth that the Turnep it felfc being ftamped is withgood fuccefle applied vpon mouldle or kibed heeles, and thatalfo oileof roles boiledin an hollowe Turnep vnderthe hot embers doth cure the fame. E The yoong and tender fhootes or fprings of Turneps at their firft comming foorth of the ground,boiled and eaten as a fallade, prouoke vrine. F The feed is mixed with counterpoifons and treacles: and being drunke it is aremedie againft poifon. G They of the lowe countries doe giue the oile which is prefled out of the feede, againft the af¬ ter throwes of women newly brought to bed, and alfo do minifter it to yoong children againft the wormes,which ir both killeth and driueth foorth. H The oile wafhed with water doth allaie the feruent heat, and ruegidnes of the skin. of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i 7 <? Of mldeTurneps. fbap.z. tfc The kindes. T Here be three forts ofwildc Turneps; one our common Rape, which beareth the feed where- ofis made rape oile,and feedeth tinging birdes: the other the common enimy to corne,whiGh wc call Charlock; whereof there be two kindes, one with a purple flower, the other with a white flower: there is alfo another of the water and marifh grounds. I Rapm fyluejlre Wilde Turneps. 2 RapiUrum uruorum. Charlock or Chadlock. & The defeript fan. 1 T TT T Ildc Turneps or Rapes,haue long,broad, and rough leaues like thofe of Turneps, but V/ V not fo deepely gafhed in the edges.The ftalkes are (lender and brittle, fbmewhat hai- rie, of two cubits high, diuiding themfelues at the top into many armes or branches, whereon do grow little yellowifh flowers: which being pad, there doe fucceede fmall long cods which containe the feed like that of theTurnepjbutfmaller,fomewhatreddifh. ) and of a firiehotand biting taftc as is the muftard, but bitterer. The roote is fmall, and perifheth when the feede is ripe. 2 Charlocke or the wildeRape, hath leaues like vnto the former,but leflcr,and not lb rough: The ftalkes be of a cubite high, (lender, and branched, the flowers are fometimes purplifti, fometimes white, and often yellow, varying in colour according to the foile and climate. The rootes are Ren¬ der,with certainc threads or firings hanging on them. 3 Water Chadlock gro weth vp to the height of three foote or fbnoewhit more, with braunches flcnder and fmooth in refped of any of the reft of hiskinde, fetwith rough ribbed leaues, deepely indented about the lower part of the leafe. The flowers grow at the top of the branches, vmblc or tuft fafhion,fometimes of one colour,and fometimes of another. The roote is long, tough,and full of firings. M a 3 Rapijlrum i 8 o THE SECOND 3 Rapifirum aqmticum. Water Chadlock. BOOKE OF THE ie The place* Wilde Turneps or Rapes, do grow of themfelues infallowfields, andlikewife by highwaiesneere vnto olde walles, vpon ditche-bankes, and necre vnto townes and villages , and in other vntoiled and rough places. The Chadlocke growcth for the moft part among corne in barraine grounds, and often by the borders of fields and luch like places. Water Chadlock groweth in moift medowes andmariflh grounds, as alfoin water ditches,and fuch like places. iff The time, Thefe do flower from March till Ibmmer be far lpent,and in the meane fealbn the leede is ripe. i ie The names . Wilde Tumep is called in Latine Rapitfrum, Rapum JylueJtre , & offomc Sin xpiJylucBrefKwfth muftard: in high Dutch Ipe&rrlcf) X in low Dutch J in French Velar: inEnglifh Rape, and Rape feed. Rapt Brum aruorum is called Charlock, j(edlock } and Carloek. ift The temperature. The leede of thefe wilde kindes of Turneps as alfothe water Chadlock , are hot and drie as mil¬ liard feed is. Some haue thought that Carlockhatha drying and clenfing qualititic,and lomcwhat digefting. °kThc vertues* Diucrs vfe the leede of Rape in deed of muftard feede 5 who either make heereof a fauce bearing the na me of muftard, or elle mixe it with muftard leede: but this kinde of fauce is not fo pleafant to the tafte, bicaulcitis bitter. Galen writeth that thefe being eaten engender euill blood: yet Diofcorides faith, they warmc the ftomack and nourifh lomewhat. He The kindes. T Here be fundrie kinds of Nape or Naucwes degenerating from the kinds of Turneps of which fome are of the gardens and other wilde, or of the field. The defeription, t Ik T Anew gen tie is like vnto Turneps in leaues, ftalkes, flowers, and leede, differing in the fV rootc: the Turnep is round like a globe, the Nauew roote is fomewhatftretched foorth in length. a The final! or wilde Nauewe is like vnto the former,lauing that it is altogithcr lefler. The roote is finall,lbmewhat long, with threads long and tough at the end thereof. i Bunias .HISTORTE OF PLANTS. rSi I 'Bunt04, Naucw; gentle. *' V: 1 '(■ Ht J ^ " 2-$ity;as fylticttrUVOheliii * * Wilde Naucw. ■ "' '-V ' " Nauew gentle requireth a loofc & yellow mould eucn as doth the Turnep,& profpercth in a fruit- full foilc: he is fowen in Fraunce, Bauaria,& other places in the fields for the feed fake,as is likewife that wild Colewoort called of the old writers Cramhe: for the plentiful! incrcafeof the feeds brings cth no fmall gaine to the husbandmen of that countrey, bicaule that being prclfcd they yeelde an oile which is vied not onely in lampcs,but alio in the making of lope; for of this oile and a lie made of certaine afhes 5 ishoileda fopc which is vied in thcl^pwe countries euery where tofeowreand wafh linnen clothes.! haue hard it reported that it is at this day fowen in England for the fame pur- pole. *;• The wildc Nauew groweth vpon ditch bankes neerc vnto villages and good townes, as alio vp- on frelh marfhie bankes in moll places. ‘ * The time. x The Nauew is fowen,flourcth and feedeth at the fame time that the Turnep doth. The nmes.' '\ The Naucw is called inLatine^^/^, and alio B uni as ; inGrcekc b mar. the Germaines call it ^tcc&ruben: thcBrabandcrs ^tCCfetapett X in Spanifh Atyj; in Italian Nano : the Frenchmen 2 {aueau: in Englilh Nauew gentlc^r French Naueau. ^ The temperature and vertues. TheNauew and the Turnep arc all one in temperature and vertues, yetlbme fuppole that the Nauew is a little drier and not lo foone conco&ed , nor palleth downe lo eafily, and doth withalj ingender lefle windc. In the reft it is anfwcrablc to the Turnep. s8i THE SECOND BOOKE iOF THE \ » QfLyons%urnep>or Lyons leafe. ffiap.4.^ Leontopetalon . Lyons leafc. k The defeription. </'■ L Yons Turnep or Lions Ieafe , hath broad leaues like vnto the Colewoorts, cut and deuided into fundrie great gafhes : the {hike is two foote long,thicke,&: fullofituice, diuiding it felfeinto diuers branches dr vyings; in the tops whereof ftand red flowers : after¬ ward there appeereth long cods in which lie the feedes like vnto tares, or wilde cichcs. The roote is great, bumped like a Turnep, and blacke without. k 7 heplace. It groweth in arable grounds,in open fields among corne: it is found in diuers places of Italy j as inHetruria and Apulia, in Candic alfo, and in other Prouinces and Hands to¬ wards the South &Eaft.The right honorable Lord Zouch , brought a plant heereof from Italy at his returne into England, the which was planted in his garden. But as far as I doc know,it perifhed. ♦ k The time. It flowreth in winter, as witnefieth Petr ns Bellonius. k The names* The Grecians call that is Leo- nis folium , or Lyons leafe: Plmic doth call it alio Leontopetalon f^ipulcius Leontcpodion: yet there is another plant called by the fame name. There be many baftard Names giuen vnto it, zsRapeium, Papauerculum y Semen Leoninum y Pes Leoninns^nd.Brumaria : in Englifh Lyons leafe and Lyons Turnep. ; : ! . ho: i. . i k The temperature. Lyons Turnep is of force to digeft,it is hot and drie in the third degree, as Galen tcacheth. -■ :;r; ">:i■!; TV h-n~h?nH l.\ -.i>Vv-' "juJ J£!i c.'.’j ; . a ■' - • . “ LU! “’". & The venues . The roote(faith Diofeorides)t2kcn in wine doth helpc them that are bitten of Serpcnts,and it doth mod fpeedily alaie the paine.lt is put into gliilers which are madefor them that be tormented with the Sciatica. Of c RadiJh. Chap. 5 . k The kindes. T 1 Here be fundrie forts of Radifh 3 whereoffomebe long and white; others long and blacke; fome round and white; others round, or of the forme of apeareand blacke of colour; fome wilde, or of the field; and fome tame, or of the garden, whereof we will intreat in this prefent chapter. 1 Raphanus \ « ;HISTOB.1E (OF PLANTS. i 8 | I Ruphinw fatiuui. A a .iGirdenRadifh. r/l 2 RaAiculafatiun minor. Small garden RadiHi, h- i {-V .. & The defeription. 1 >■ « •" * He garden Radifh fendeth foorth great and large leaues, greene, rough, cut on both fides with deepe gafhes^not vnlike to the garden Turnep,but greater. The ftalkes be round and parted into many branches: out of which fpring fmal flowers of a light purple color., made offower little leaues*. 2nd when theybepaft, there do come in place fharpe pointed cods puflt or blowen vp toward the ftalke,full of a fpungious fubftance, wherein is contained the feede of a light browne colour,fomewhat greater than the feeds of Turneps or Colewoorts. The roote is grofie, longhand white both without and within,and of a fharpe tafte. 2 The frnall garden Radifh hath leaues like the former, but fmaller, and more brittle in handling* The ftaike of two cubits high, wheron be the flowers like the former. The feed is fmaller and not fo fharpe in tafte.The roote is.fmall,long,white both within and without, except a little that fheweth it felfe aboue the ground of a reddifh colour. 3 Radilhwitha round roote hath leaues like the garden Turnep: amongft which leaues fprin- geth vp a round andfmooth ftaike , deuidingitfelfe toward the top into two or three branches^ whereon do grow final! pur pl'ifh flowers made of fower leaues a pecce: which being paft,there do come in place fmall long cods puft vp or bunched in two, and fometimes three places,full of pith as the common Radifh, wherein is contained the feede, fomewhat fmaller than the Colewoort feede, but of a Hotter tafte. -The roote is rounde andfirme, nothing waterilh like the common Radifh^ mote pleafant in tafte,holfbmer,not caufing fuch flunking belchings as the garden Radifh doth* 4 The Radifh with a roote fafhionedlike a peare, groweth to the height of three or fower cubits, of a bright reddifh colour. The leaues ate deepely cut or lagged like thofe of the Turnep, fomewhat rough. The flowers are made offower Ieaues,ofa light carnation or flefhie colour. The feed is cor.- tainedin fmallbunched cods like the former. Therooteis fafhioned like a peare or long Turnep, blacke without and white within,of afirmeand folide fubftance. The tafte is auicke and fharpe bi-. ting die toong as the other kindes ofRadifh,but moreftrongly. M 4 3 RaphanH* 184 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE | r 4 Raphanuspyriformu. Pcare fafhioa Radifh. 3 Raphanus orhiculatus. Round Radifh. & The place. All the kindesofRadifhrcquirea loofe grounde which hath becne longmanured andisfome- what fat. They pro (per well in fandie ground vvhere they are not fo fubiedt to wormes, as in other grounds. # The time ThefekindesofRadifh are mod fitly fowen after the fommer Solftice in lune or Iulie: for being fowen betimes in the fpring they yeeide not their rootes fo kindcly nor profitably, for then they do for the mod: part quickly run vp to ftalke and feedc, where otherwife they do not flower and feed till the next fpring following. They may be fowen ten moneths in the yeere,but as I faid before,the beft time is in lune and Iulie. * The names. Radifh is called in Greek of T hcophr aliuspDt°fcorides,Galen y and other old writers pcopavU: in (hops Raphanm , and Satina Radicttla: in high Dutch HCftICf) X in low Dutch JR aft fig ♦ in French Raifort: in Italian Raphano : inSpanifh Rauano: in Englifh Radifh, andRabone: in the Bohemian toong JRfCfifCUb Calms affirmeth that the feed of Radifh is called of Cfrlarcetlus Emper tests , Bacanon, and fo likewifeof ^Aettus in the fecond chapter of the fecond bookeof his Tetrable : yet Cornaritu doth not reed Bacanon , but Cacanon: The name q iBacanum is alfo founde in N. Mirepftts in the 15 5. Compofition of his firft booke. The temperature. . Radifh doth manifeftly heat and drie, open ana makethinby reafonof the biting qualitie that ruleth in it. Galen maketh them hot in the third degree, and dric in the fecond,and fheweth that it is rather a fawce than a nourifhment. The virtues. ■. Radifh are eaten raw with bread in Read of other foode 5 but being eaten after that ipaner, they yecla ' - ■ HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 185 yeeld vcrie little nourifhment 3 and that faultie and ill. But for the mold part 3 they are vfed as a fawcc with meats to procure appetite 3 & in that fort they ingender blood lelfe faultie, than eaten alone or with bread onely: butfeeingthey be of a harder digeRion thanmeates 3 they are alfomany times troublefome totheRomack; neuerthelefle 3 they ferae to diRribuceanddifperfe thenouriiliment, efpecially being taken after meat ; and taken before meate, they caufo befehings 3 and ouerthrowe the Romacke. . Before meate they caufe vomiting 3 and efpecially the rinde: the which as it is more biting than B the inner fubftance 3 fo doth it with more force caufe thateffed if it be giueri with Oximel,which is a lyrupe made with vineger and hotly. MoreoiieigRadifh prouoketh vrine and diljfolucth cluttered fande 3 and driueth it foorth, if a good C draught of the deco&ion thereof be drunke in the morning. TiiHte writeth and Diofcondes likewife that it is good againft an old cogh 5 Sc to make thin, thick & grolfe flegm which Ricketh in the cheft. InReed heereof the Phifiticns of our age do vfe water diftilled thereof: which Ijkewiic proeuxeth D vrine mightily 3 and driueth foorth Rones in the kidneis. The root fliced and laid oner night in white or Rhcnifh vvine 3 and drunke in the morning, driueth E out vrine and graueil mightily 3 but in taRe and Imell it is very lothfome. The roote Ramped with hony and the powder of afheepes hart dried, caufoth haire to grow in F lhortfpace. The foede caufoth vomite, prouoketh vrine: and being drunke with honied vineger 3 it killeth and G driueth foorth wormes. The roote Ramped with the mealc of Darnell and a little white wine vineger 3 taketh away all H blew and blacke fpots 3 and brufed blemifhes of the face. ; dV- The roote boiled in broth, and the deco&ion drunke 3 is good againR an olde cough: it moouech I womens RckeneRe 3 and caufoth much milke. ■ l8 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE He The defcription. j T IT T Ilde Radifh hath a broader & rougher Icafe than the common Radifh, & not fo deeply V V cut or iagged,almoft like the leaues of Rocket,but much greater. The ftalk is flender & rough,oftwo cubits high,deuided toward the top into many branches.The flowers are finall and yellow: the cod is long and flender, wherein is the feed. The roote is of the bigneffe of a ftnger,white within and without,of a fharpe and biting tafte. 2 The water Radifh hath long and broad leaues, deepely indented or cut euen to the middle rib. The ftalke is long, weake, and leaneth this way and that way being not able to ftand vpright with-' out a prop, in fo much that yee fhall neuer finde it, no not when it is verie yoong, but leaning down vpon the mud or mire where it groweth. The flowers growe at the top made of fower fmall yellow leaues.The roote is Iong,fet in fundrie fpaces with fmall fibres or threds like the rowell of a fpur,hot and burning in tafte more than any of the garden Radifhcs. Thefirftdo grow vpon the borders of bankes and ditches caftvp, and in the borders of moift fields. .... ' ? The fecond grow in ditcheSjftanding waters,and riuers. There is a kinde heereof growing in the ioints or chincks amongft the mortar of a ftone wall that bordereth vpomthc riucr Thames by the Sauoy in London, the which yee cannot finde but when the tide is much fpent. . # The time. They flower inlune,andthe feede is ripe in Auguft. , fV The names. The wilde Radifh is called in Latine Radicula fyluettris , and Raphanm Jylueffris, inGreeke fagavk *ytU, and of fome ^yfrmoracia in high Dutch ITCtfCj) X in Spaniih Xarmago ; in Italian Ramohcei: in Englifh Wilde Radifh. •fe The temperature. Thefc wilde Radifhes are of like temperature with the garden Radifh, but hotter and drier. •& Thevertues. A Dwfcorides writeth, that the leaues are rcceiued among the pot herbes , and likewife the boiled roote, which as he faith, doth heate,and prouoke vrine. Of Horfe Radifh. Chap . 7. ie The defcription. 1 TIT Drfe Radifh bringethfoorth great leaues,long, broad, fharpe pointed, ofa deepegreenc r”"| colour like thofe of the great garden Docke, called of fomeMonkesRubarbe, of others Patience, but greater and rougher. The ftalke is flender and brittle, bearing at the top fmall white flowers: which being paft, there follow fmall cods, wherein is the feede. The roote is long and thicke,white of co!our,in tafte fharpe,and verie much biting the toong like pepper. 2 Dittander or pepperwoort, hath broad leaues, long, and fharpe pointed,of a blewifh greene colour like woad,fomewhat fiiipt or cut about the edges like a fawe. The ftalke is round and tough: vpon the branches wherof grow little white flowers.The root is long and hard,creeping far abrode In the ground, in fuch fort that when it is once taken in a ground,it is not poffible to roote it out,for It will vnder the ground creepe and fhoote vp and bud f oorth in many places far abroad. The roote alfo is fharpe and bitech the toong like pepper,whereofit tooke the name pepperwoort. r ~ HIS TORI E OF PLANT S. MV- 1187 I RjtphanusrufHcanus. 2 Raf>h<tmaffi«etfrii officinarum, kpidium Mgmet& Ditfcander^ndPeppetwoort. (L’Obelu. •k The place, Hor^ Radifh for the mpfl part groweth 3 and is planted in gardens, yethaue Ifounditwildein fimciric place's as at Namptwich in Chefhire, in a place called the Milne eye, and alfo at a fmall village neere London called Hogfdon , in the field next vntoa farmehoufe leading to Kings land, where my verie good friend mafter j5r<?dwe#pra<ftitioner in Phifick, a learned and diligent fearcher ofSympIes,' and mafter WillUmiMxrtin one of thefellowfhipof Barbers and Chirurgians, my deere and louing friend in company with him found it, and gaue me knowledge of the place where it floiirifheth to this day. Dittander is planted in gardens, and is to be found wild alfo in England in fundrie places, as at Clare by Ouenden in Eflex, at the Hall ofBrinne in Lancafhire,and neere to Excefter in the Weft parts of England.lt dclighteth to grow in fandie and fhadowie places lomewat moift. k The time HorfeRadifti for the moft part flowreth in Auguft, and the feedc is ripe in September and that lo rare or feldome feene, as that Petrus P latentius hath written that it bringethfoorthnofeedeac all. The leaues of Dittander come foorth in the fpring: the flowers appeere in Iune and luly. kThe names. Horfe Radifh is commonly called Raphanus rutticanuspr Magnus ,and of diners Amply Raphanm fylueliru: of the high Dutch men 95 £rrCttIClh in French Grand raifort: ofthe low Germaines $9in Engliihmountaine Radifh,Great Raifort, andHorfe Radifh. It is called in the north part of England red-cole. Diuers thinke that this Horfe Radifh is an enimie to Vines, and that the hatred between them is fo great, that iftherooteshcereof be planted neere to the vine it bendeth backward from it as not willing to haue fellowship with it. u 188 THE SECON D BOOK E O Fl :T H E ItisaHb reported that the roote heercof ftamped, and caft into good and pleafant wine, doth foorthwithturneitintovinegcr. But {heolde writers doaferibethis enmitieto the vine and Braf- fica,our coolcworts, which the moft auncients haue named fCUSAVOi. Dittanderis deferibedof Plinic bythenameofZ^/W//^inhisip.bookc^.Chapter, likewife AEginxta maketh mention of this plant,by the name Lepicliumjn. fhops RaphanusfylueHrii , and Pi- peritis : the Germancs call it pfeffetfetatlt X the lowe Dutch men pep pet Cttipt : the Englifh men Dittander,Ditany 3 and Peppcrwoort. V ft The temperature. Thcfe kinds of wilde Radifnes,are hot and drie in the thirdc dcgrecithey haue a drying and clen- ftngqualitie,andfomwhatdigefting. ft Thevertues. Horfe Radifh ftamped with a little vineger put thereto,is commonly vfed among the Germancs for fauce to eate fifh w[th, andXuch like meates, as we do muftarde; but this kinde offauce doth heate the ftomacke better ,and caufeth better digeftion than muftard. g Oxymci or fyrupe made with vineger and honie, in which the rindes ofHorfe radifh haue bcenc infilled three daies,caufeth vomit and is commended againft the quartaine ague. q The Icaues boiled in wine,anda little oile oliue added thereto and laid vpon the grecued parts in manor of Pultns ,do roollifie and take away the hard fwellings of the Iiuer and milte j and being ap¬ plied to the bottome of the belly is a remedie for the ftrangurie. j) It profiteth much in the expulfionofthefecondine or after-birth, g It mittigateth and affwageth tlie paine ofthe hip or haunch;, commonly called Sciatica, p It profiteth much againft the poikeke, ftrangurie, and difticultie of making water, vfed in ftcade ofmuftardasaforefaid. ' -/ q The roote ftamped and giiiento drinke,killeth the wormes in children: the iuice giuen doth the fame 3 an ointment made thereofidoth the like: being annointed vpon the belly of the child, jq The leaues of Pepper wobrte but efpecially therootes,be extreamehot,for they haue a burning and bitter tafte. It is,oi the number of fcorching and bliftringfimples faith Plinie in his ao.bookc, 17 .chap ter,and therefore by his hot qualitie, it mendeth the skin in the face,and taketh away fcabs, fcarres,and mangihefle,if any thing reinaine after the healing of vlcers and fuch like. Of Winter Qrejfes. Chap.S. Mm Winter Crefles. %n T ft The defer iptWi,.y ? y p 1 W winter CrcfiTe b hath jgrccn^W broadc, finooth and flat leaues'like vn- to the common turnep s , whole ftalkcs be rouhdj& full of branches, bringing foorth at the top finall yellow flowers 5 after them do fol- lowe final! cods, wherein is conteine4finall red- difhfccde. . . r ’ace. ft iwvyrwtH.. ; It groweth in gardens among pot herbcs,an very common in the fields, neere to pathes and high waies, almoft euery where. ft The time. This herbe is greene al winter long, it flowreth in Maie,and feedeth in Iunc. ft The names. Winter Crefle is called ofthe Latines,^- damum, or Nasturtium Hibernum , of fbme Bar- bar ea^ andPfeudobumum : the Germancs call it OBarhatn tout: in loweDutch, umnntec It feeineth to be Dicfcorideshis that is to fay, falfe or baftarde Bmium , inEnglifli winter Crcftes,orherbe Saint Barbara. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. • i T i8* tfr The nature. • ? This herbe is hot and drie in the fccond degree. •fcThe virtues. The (cede of winter Creflc caufcth one to make water, driuethfoorthgrauell,andhelpeth the \ ftrangurie. The iuice therof mundificth corrupt and filthie vlcers,being made in forme of anvnguent with g waxe,oyIe,and turpentine. In winter when fallade herbes be fcarce, this herbe is thought tobcequallwith Crefles of the Q garden,or Rocket. This herbe hclpeth the fcuruie,being boiled among feuruie grafTe 3 called in Latiu Cochlearia, cau- D ling it to worke the more effectually. Of zPvfusiard, Chap. 9 . # The kindes. There be three kindes of Muftarde: two of the Garden,and the thirde wilde. I Sinapt fitiuum. 2 Sinapt Sxtiuum alter tm. Garden Muftard. Fielde Muftarde. The defer ipttott. 1 ►tH He tame or garden Muftard, hath great rough Ieaues, like to thole of the Turnep, but rougher and lefier. The ftalkc is rounde,rough,and hcarie,ofthree cubits high,deuided in¬ to many branchesjwhereon do grow frnall ycllowc flowers,and after them long cods,Ren¬ der and rough,whcrein is conteined round feede, ofcolour whitifh declining to yellovve, of cafte fharpe and biting the toong,as doth our common fielde muftarde. 2 The other tame Muftarde is like to the former in leaucs, and braunched (hikes, butlefler, and arc more whitifh and rough. The flowers arc likewifc yellow 3 and the feede browne like the Rape fcede,which is alfo not a little fharpe or by ting. 3 Sinapt BOOKE OF THE *&The defcription. 3 The wilde Muftard hath leaues like thofe of fhepheards purie, but rougher 3 andmore deepely indented, with a ftalkc growing to theheightof twofoote, bearing at the top final! yellow flow¬ ers made of fower leaues : thecodsbefmall and {lender, wherein is conteined reddifh feede,fmal- ler then any of the others, but not lb fharpe or hi¬ ring. The place* The garden Muftard,with whitifh feed is fowen in gardens : Palladim faith, itloueth to groweiti plowed grounde, and is delighted with moifture. This kinde is not common in England, yet I haue difperfed the feede thereof into fundrie parts of thislande, fb that I thinkeitisreafonablie well Icnowne at this day. The other kinaesdo growe of their owneac- cordein grauelly grounds and ditch bankes, and by high waies,and among rubbifh. The time. Muftard may be fowen in the beginning of the fpring. The feede is ripe in Iuly or Auguft: it com- meth to perfedio the fame ycere that it is fowen. ^The names. The Athenians haue called muftard vim : the La- tines Sinapi: the rude and barbarous Sinapiumi theGermanes the Frenchmen Seneue . and Moultarde : thelowe Dutch fact* but the fauce which is made of the feede, is fimplie called Muftard in Englifh: the Italians Senape: the Spaniardes Moltaza and Molt alia • the Bohemians Horace' Flint calleth it Thlafpi t whereof doiibtldlc it is akinde,and fome haue called it Samion. That Muftard which bringeth foorth white feede, may be called white MuftardL The fecond kinde, common Muftarde^r fielde Senuic. The third wilde Muftard,or treacle Muftarde. The temperature. The feede of Muftard.efpecially th at which we chicfely vie,doth heate and make thinne, and alfe drawe foorth. It is hot and drie in the fourth degree according to Galen. & The vertues. A The feede ofMuftara pound with vinegcr,is an excellent fauce good to be eaten,with any grofle meates, cither fifh or fleih,bicaufekdothhelpedigeftion, warmeth the ftomacke, andprouoketh appetite. B It is giuenwith good fucceftein like manner to fuch as befhort winded, andare ftoppedin the bread: with tough flegme from the head and braine. C It appeafeth the toothach,being chewed in the mouth. D They vfe to make a gargarifine with honie, vineger, and Muftard feede againft the tumors and fwelling of the Vuula, and the Almondes about the throateand roote of the toong. E Muftard dronke with water and honie,prouoketh the teamies and vrinc. F The feede of muftard beaten and put into the noftrils, caufeth Freezing, and raifeth women fick of the mother out of their fits. G It is good againft the falling ficknes,and fuch as haue the Lithargie,ifit be laid piaifterwife vpon the heade (after flrauing) being tempered with figs. H It helpeth the Sciatica or ache in the hippe or liuckle bone ? it alfbeureth all manner of old pains proceeding of a colde caufe. I It is mixed with good fuccdTe with drawing plaifters,and with fuch as wafte and confumc nodes ’ T and THE SECOND 3 Sinapi jyluejlre. Wilde Muftard. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 191 and hard fwellings. It helpeththofe that haue their haire pilled off; it taketh away the blew and blackemarkes that K comeofbrufings. Qf*B$ckgi. Qbap.10. H i ■' ' ! tfr The kindes. . Ij l Yi'j* r • .*// / nr* Here be fundry fortes of Rocket/ome tame,or of the garden 5 fome wilde or of the fidde 5 fome * ofthc water,andofthefca. ^e The deferiftioif. 1 Arden Rocket or Rocket gentle 3 hath broadc leaues like thole of Turneps , but not yjj’ altogitherfo great, nor rough. The ftalkes rile vp of a cubite, and lometimes two cubites high, weake and brittle; at the top whereof growe the flowers of a vvhitifh colour, and fometimes yellowifhjwhich being pall, there do fucceede long coddes, which conteine the fcede 3 not vnlike to rape leede,but fmaller. 2 The common Rocket which we haue in our garden's, called the wilde Rocket,is leller then the Romaine Rocket, or Rocket gentle, in leaues and ftalke?; narower,and more iagged. The flowers be yellowe,the cods alfo llenderer,the feedc is reddifh and biteth the toong. 3 Erncx 1 ?£ THE SECOND BOOKE | £«w Jylueliris anguBifolix. Narrow leafed wilde Rocket. OF THE & The defeription. 3 This kinde of Rocket hath long narrows leaues, almoft fuch as thofe of Tarragon, but thicker & fatter, refembling rather the leaues of Myagrum, altogether vnlike any of the reft of the Rockets, fauing that the braunche, flower, and feede are like the gardenRocket. 4 There is anotherkindeofRocket,thoughtby that reuerend and excellent Herbarift Caroltts Cltifm , to be a kinde of Grefles, if not Crefles it felfe, yet cofin germane at the leaft: vnto whofe cenfure llObeliu* is indifferent, whether fo call it Rocket with thinne or narrowe leaues , or to call it cofin to the kinds of Crefles, hauingthetafte of the one,and the fhape of the other. 5 There is a wilde kinde of Rocket, which hath long,weake,and tender braunches,tray]ing vpon, the ground, with long leaues like vnto common Rocket,or rather Groundfwell, hauing fmall and white flowers, in whole place commeth finall coddes, wherein is conteined feede like thofe of JBady. is The place. Romaine Rocket is cherifhed in gardens, and groweth many times of it fclfe among rubbifti of olde buildings. Common garden Rocket groweth in moft gardens of it felfe, you may fee moft bricke and ftone wals about London and elfe where,coucred with it. The narrowe leafed Rocket groweth neere vnto water fides,inthe chinkes and creuifes of ftone wals among the morter. I found it asyee go from Lambithe bridge to the village of Lambithe, wil¬ der a fmall bridge that you muft pafle ouerhard by the Thames fide. I found fea Rocket growing vpon the fandes neere vnto the fea in the He of Thanet, harde by a houfe wherein fir Henry Crifpe did fbmetime dwell,called Queakes houfe. Surely when I found the feede of this herbe, I thought there had beene fomc fhip laden with Barly loft in that place, it doth (o wellrefemble it, and withall fuch grcatquantitieofit, as ifit had beene fpilt inthatplace, vndll fuel] time as I found fome of the plants not yet withered nor loft their feede, and then I euidcntly perceiued it to be the feede of fea Rocker, which before that time I had not feene. is The time. Thcfckindes of Rocket flower in Iune and Iuly,and the feede is ripe in September. The Romaine Rocket dicth euery yeerc, and recouereth it felfe by the falling of his owne feede. is The names. Rocket is called in GreekeK^^inLatine Eruca: in high Dutch JR8U£&CH&t8Ut J inFrench Roquette: in lowe Dutch KakCttC i in Italian Rucbetta • in Spanifh Oruga: in Englifh Rocket, and Racket. ThePoets do oftentimes name it Herha falax f Eruca doth fignifie like wife a certainc can¬ ker worme,which is an enimie to pot-herbes,but efpecially to colewoorts. Rocket of the fea is called of L Q belim^Kakile Seraptonis. is The temperature* Rocket is hot and drie in the thirde degree,,therefore faith Galen it is not fit nor accuftomed to be eaten alone. QThevertues. A Rocket is 2 good falladeherbe,ifit be eaten with lettuce, purflane, and fuch colde herbes, for be¬ ing fo eaten,it is good and wholefbme for the ftomacke, and caufeth that fuch colde herbes do not ouer coole the faraejotherwife to be eaten uloneJt caufeth headach and heateth too much. The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. IP3 The vte of Rocket ftirreth vp bodely luft, elpecially the teedc. B Itprouokethvrine 3 andcaufethgooddigeflion. O Plzme reporteth 3 that whofoeuer taketh thefeede of Rocket before he be whipt, fhall be fo hard- D ned,thathefhalleafily endure the paines. The roote and leede ftamped,and mixed with vineger, and the gall of an oxe, taketh away free- E kles,lentiles,blackc and blew fpots,and all fuch deformities of the lace. ^ Of Tarragon, fbap.u. Draco herba. Tarragon. ’ *klhedescription. T Arragon thefallade herbe,hathlong and narrowe leaues, of a deepe greene colour, greater and longer than thofe of common Hyfiope, with (lender brittle rounde (hikes, two cubites high: about the branches whereof,hang little rounde flowers, neuerperfe&ly opened, of a yellowe colour mixed with blacke, like thole of common Wormewoode. The roote is long and fibrous, creeping farre abroad vnder the earth, as doe the rootes of Couch-grade, by which fprouting foorth it increateth, yeelding no feedc at all, but as it were a certaine chaffie or duftic matter that flieth away with the winde. •kThe flute. Tarragon is cherifhed in gardens, and isem created by the yoonglhootes : KuelUtu and fuch others haue reported many ftrange tales heerof, fcarte worth the noting,faying that the teede of flaxe put into a radifh roote or tea Onion, and fo (et doth bring foorth that herbe Tarragon. •frThe time . It is greene aU dimmer long, and a great part of Aututnne,and flowreth in Iulie. it The names. It is named in Latinc Draco ; of the Italians Dragonccllum: in French Dragon : in Englifh Tarragon. It is thought to be that tar con which Auicenne mentioneth in his 686. chapter, buthewriteth (o little thereof,as that nothing can certainly be affirmed of it. Moreouer it is written, that with Tarragon, which is alfonamedin Greeeke^^^, wherewith Glaucus was reftored to life. it The temperaturci Tarragon is hot and drie in the thirde degree. Thevertues. Tarragon is not to be eaten alone in (allades,but ioyned with other herbes,as lettuce,purflaine, A and fuchlike,thatitmay al(b temper the eoldnes of them, like as Rocket doth,neither do weknowe what other vfc this herbe hath. . ~ N i of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Nafiurtium Hcrtenfe* Of Cl cjjCS . CbdJ) . IZ . Garden Crefies. SpanilhCreftes. r - & The description. 1 Arden Crefles orTowneCrefies 3 hathfmall l jp narrow lagged leaues 3 fharpe and burning in tafte.The italics be round 3 acubite high,which bring foorth many finall white flowers 3 and after lit¬ tle flat huskes or feede vcflels, like to thole of fhep- heards purfe, wherein are concerned feeds of a brown reddifh colour. The roote dieth when the feede is ripe. There is another kinde in tafte like the former, but in leaues farre different, which I recouered of feedes, fent me from Robwus dwelling in Paris. The ftalkes rife vp to the height of afoote 3 garnilhedwith many broade leaues, decpely cut or indented about the edges: the middle of the leafe is deckt and garnifhed with many little finall leaues or rather fhreddes of leaues 3 which make the fame like a curlde fanneof feathers. The feede is like the former in fhape. 2 Spanifh Creflcs rifeth foorth of the grounde like vnto Bafill, afterwarde the leaues growe larger and broader,' like thole of Marigoldes, among the which rifeth vp a crooked lymmer ftalke 3 whereupon doe growe lmall tuftes or Ipokie rundels of white flowers. The feede followed!, browne of colour 3 and bitter in tafte. The whole plant is of a lothlome finell & lauor. 3 Tpjiflurtium RetreumHObeliL Stone Crefies. HI ST ORIE OF PLANTS. ip 5 3 Stone Crefles groweth flat vpon the grounde,with leaues iagged and cut about the edges like theokenlcafe, rcfemblihg well the leaues of fhcpheardes purfe. I haue not feene the flowers, and therefore they be notexpreft in thefigurc 5 notwithstanding it is reported vnto me, that they bee fmall and white of colour,as are thofe of the garden CreflTes.The feed is conteined in fmal pouches or feede veflels, like thofe of Treacle muftard or Thlafpi. it The place. CrefTes is fowen in gardcns,it skils not what foile it bejfor that it iiketh any ground, efpecially if it be well watered. it The time It may be fowen at any time ofthe yeere,vnleffe it be in winter; it groweth vp quickly, &bringeth foorth betimes both ftalke and feede: it dieth euery yecre, and recouereth it felfe of the fallen or fhaken feede. it The names. Crefles is called in Greeke yJfJttuer : inLatine Tpatturtium: in Englifh Crefles,being a name bor- rowed of the Germaines, who call it and in French Crejfon: the Italians T^aHurtio and Agretto: of fome towne CrefTes and garden Karfle. It is called Ipjifturtiwn > as Varro and Tlinie thinkc anaribus torquendisjhzx. is to fay of writhing the nofethrils,which alfo by the lothfome fmeil and fharpenes of the feede doth caufe Stermtamenta , or fheezings. it The temperature. The herbe of garden CrefTes, isfharpe and biting the toong; and therefore it is very hot and drie,but lefTe hot whileft it is greene and tender, by reafon of the watery moifture mixed therewith, by which the fharpnes is fbmewhat alaied. The feed is much more biting then the herbe,and is hot and drie almofl in the fourth degree. it The vertues. Galentivh that Crefles may bee eaten with bread Felnti cbfonzum-> as thelowe Countriemen ^ many times do,who commonly vfe to feede of Crefles with bread and butter. It is eaten with other A fallade herbes,as Tarragon and Rocket: and for this caufe it is chiefely fowen. It is good againfl: the difeafe which the Germaines call £2)CQ£bUC& and in Latine Scorbutus: which we in England call the Scuruie, and Scurby, and vpon the Teas the Skyrby : it is as good and as effir&uall as the Scuruie grafle,or water Crefles. Dzojcor/des faith, if the feede be ftamped and mixed with honie, itcureth the hardnefle of the milte: with vineger and barly meale parched,it is a remedie againfl; the Sciatica, and taketh awaie hard fwellings,and inflammations. It fcoureth away tetters, mixed with brine: itripeneth felons called in Greeke Mmu: it forceablie cutteth and raifeth vp thicke and tough humours of the chefl, if it be mixed with things proper againfl the fluffing of the lunges. D Dzojcorzdes faith it is hurtfull to the ftomacke, and troubleth the belly. It driucth foorth woormes, bringeth downe the flowers,killeth thechilde in the mothers womb, E and prouoketh bodily luft. Being inwardly taken, it is good for fuch as haue fallen from high places: it diflolueth cluttered f bloud,andpreuenceththefamethat it do not congeale and thicken in any part of the body: itpro- cureth fwcate,as the later Phyfltions haue found and tried by experience. ' - ; Hi ■ . blfil i Of Indian Creffes. Chap. 15 . it The deferzption. C Refles of India hath many weake and feeble branches, rifing immediately from the ground, difperfing rhemfelucs farre abroade; by meanes whereof,one plant doth occupie a great cir¬ cuit ofgi.ound, as doth the great Bindeweedc. The tender ftalkes deuidethemfeluesinto fundrie braunches , trailing likewife vpon the groundc, fbmewhat bunched or fwollen vp at euerie toint or knee, which are in colour of a light red, but the fpaces betweene the ioints are greene. The N z leaues ■ . . 1 196 the second booke of the Icaues arc round like wall peniwoort,calIed Cotyledon 3 the footeftalke of the leafe commeth forth on the backfide almoft in the middeft of the leafe.as thofe of Frogbit,in tafte and fmell like the gar¬ den Crefles. The flowers are difperfed throughout the whole plant,ofcolour yellowe 3 with a crof- fedftarreouerthwarttheinfide, ofa perfed purple colour; vnto the backepartof the fame doth hangataileorfpurre, fuchashaththeJLarkesheele 3 orMonkes hoode, called in Latine Confohdx Regalis, but greater 3 and the fpurre or heele longer: which being paft there do fucceed bunched and knobbed cods or feede veflels,wherein is conteined the feede 3 rough 3 browne of colour and like vn¬ to the feedes of the Beete,but fmaller. Najlurtium Indicum . Indian Crefles. & The place. The feedes of this rare and faire plant came firft from the Indies intoSpaine and thofe hot re- repions, and from thence into Fraunce and Flaunders, from whence I haue receiued feede that hath borne with me both flowers and feede 3 efpecially thofe I receiued from my louing friend John Robin of Paris. ie The time. The feedes muft be fbwen in the beginning of AprilI 3 vpon a bed of hot horfe dung,& fbme fine lifted earth call thereon, of anhandfullthicke. The bed mull; becoueredin fundrie places with hoopes and poles, to fuftaine the mat or fuch like thing that it muft be coucred with in the night, and laid open to thefun in the day time; the which being fprung vp and hailing gotten three leaues, you muft replant them abroad in the hotteft place of the garden, and rnoft fine and fertill moulde. Thus may you do with muske Melons,Cowcumbers, and allcoldefruites that require hafte 3 for that other wife the froft will ouertake them,before they come to fruite bearing. ieThe names. This beautifull plant is called in Latine Najlurtium Indicum : in Englifh Indian Crefles. Al¬ though fome haue deemed it a kind of Conuulus or Binde-weede: yet I am well contented that it retaine the Indian name, for that the fmell and tafte doth fhewe it to be a kinde of Crefles. & The nature and vertues. We haue no certaine knowledge of his nature or vertues 3 but are content to refer it to the kinds of Crefles,or to a farther conflderation. Of Flores dr fimina Natturtii Indict. The flowers and feeds of Indian Crefles. HIST OR IE OF PLANTS, . v.' *' \Z. £ . . vV. i 0 _ ■ Of Sciatica Crejjes . Cbap.i^.. 197 . Vi^Vwn V. Cardamantica r. Sciatica Crefles. <•<& ^ # The description. S CiaticdCrcfles hath many (lender braunches, growing from aftalke of acubite high > with fmall,long,and hgrroweleaues,like thofc of garden Crefles.The flowers be very fmall,and yel¬ low ofcolour, the feede veffels belittle flat chaftie huskes, wherein is the feede of a reddifh golde colour, fharpe and very bitter in tafte. The rootc is fraall, tough, white within and without, and of a biting tafte. ardamantic/t. J /' rk The place. It groweth vpon olde wals and rough places by high waies fides,and fuch like: I haue founde it in cornefieldes about South fleete neere to Grauefl end in Kent. k The time. It flowreth according to the late or earcly (owing of it in the fieldes, inlune and Inly. Ik The names. Sciatica Crefle is called in Greeke and y&pJkfMvnKtj : in Latine iberis: of Plinie H herii , and Tpjttturtium fylueltrc , and in like maner alfo Lfipi- dium. There is another Lepidmm of Plmie: in Em gli(h Sciatica Crefle. «/ * j i A k 'The nature. Sciatica Crefle is hot in the fourth degree, and like to garden Crefles both in linell and tafte, - tcThe vertices. The rootes gathered in Autumne, faith Diojco- ^ rides ,do heate and burne , and are with good ihc- cefle with fwines greafe made vp in manner of a plaifter,and put vpon fuch as are tormented with the Sciatica: it is to lie on the grieued place but fower howers at the moft, and then taken away, and the patient bathed with warme water, and the place afterwards annointed with oilc and woolllaide on it; which xhin^Galex in hisninth booke of medicines, according to the place greeued, citeth out of Democrats in certaine verfes tending tothateffed. ••jDiitna OfHanke Crejfes. Qbap. 15 . B k The defeription. Ancke Crefles hath long lcaues, deepely cutor iagged vpon both fides,not vnlike to thofc ofRockct,or wilde muftardc. The ftalkcs be fmall,limber or pliant, yet very tough,and will twifte and writhe as doth the Ozter or water willovve, whereupon do growe fmall yellowe flowers, which being pafte there do fucceede little (lender cods/ull of fmall feedes, in tafte fnarpe and biting the toong as thofc of Crefles. 2 The fecondekinde of bancke Crefles hath leaues like to thofe of Dandelion, fomewhat refem- blin°. Spinach. Thebraunches be long,tough, and pliant like the other. The flowers beyellowe, vvhicn bring foorth fmall biting feede,like the other of his kinde. N 3 1 Eryfintm 15)3 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i Eryfimwn DtofioridtsX Obelii. 2 EryfimumfylucHrc . Bancke Crelles. VVilde bancke Crelles. He The place* Bancke Crefles is found in ftony places among rubbifh,by path waies,vpon earth ormudde wals, and in other vntoiled places. The feconde kinde of bancke Crelles, groweth in fuch places as the former doth:I founde it growing at a place by Chelmcsfordc in Eflex called little Baddowc,and in fundric other places. He The time* They flower in Iune and Iuly,and the feedc is ripe in Auguft and September. He The names. Bancke Crelles is called in Greeke tpu^y, and of fome -fiiMtrtior. chamaplium according to Diofi corides • Theophrafius hath an other Eryfimum, eucn that which Diofiorides calleth Myagrum, and is the plant that Dodlor William Turner of famous memory,called winter CrelTcs:it is called of Diofco~ rides and Theophrastus likewife/r/^and Irion . ie The nature. The feede of bancke CrelTes is like in tafte to garden Crefles , and is as Galen laith of a fieric tem¬ perature,and doth extreamly attenuate or make thinne. He Thevertues. A The feed of banc ke Crelles is good again!! the rheume thatfallcth into the chcft,by rotting the fame. B Itrcmedicth the cough, the yellow iaundile,and the Sciatica or ache of thehucldebonesjifitbe taken with honic in manner of a Lohoc and often licked. C It is alfo drunke again!! deadly poifons, as Diofiorides addeth: and being made vp in aplaifter with water and honic and applied, it is a remedie again!! hidden cankrous apoftumes behindethe cares, bard fwcllings,and inflammations of the pappes and ftones. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 1 99 OfTtocfyCreffes. Chap.16. Lampfana. Docke Crefles. ft The description. D Ocke Crefles,is a wilde woort or pot herbc, hailing large leaues of an ouerworne greene colour, deepelycutorendented vponboth fides, like the leaues of (mail Turneps , but lef- fer. The ftalkcs growe to the height of two foote, deuiding themfelues toward the top. into fundrie fmall braunches; whereon do growe many final! yellowe flowers, like thofe of Hieracium or Hauke- weede. # The place. DockeCrefles growetheucrywhere, by high waies,vponwallesmadeofmuddeor earth, and in flonie places. •fr The time. It flowreth from Maie to the ende of Augufbthe feede is ripe in September. ft The names. Docke Crefles is called in Greeke a*m-x*Vh : in La- tine Lampfana and Napitm. ft The nature. Lampfana is of nature hot, and fomewhat ab- fterfitic or fco wring. ft The <vertues. Taken in meate as Galen and Diofcorides affirme, & it engendreth euill iuice, and naughtie nourifh- tnent. Ofwater Crejfes . Chap a 7 . ft The kindes. 'T 1 Here be three forts of water Crefles, one of the marrifti grounds 5 the other of the riuer j the laft of the cleere and bluer running fprings. ft The defeription. I Reat water Parfnepe, groweth vpright, and is deferibed to haue leaues of a pleafant fa- It uour,fatand full of iuice as thofe of Alexanders, but fomewhat lefler, refembling the gar¬ den Parfhep. The ftalke is rounde/mooth and hollow,like to Kexe or Cafshes. The roote confiftethofmany fmall flringes or threddes, faftned vnto the ftalke within the water or myrie grounde.-atthetopdogrowmany white flowers, in fpokie rundels like Fennell, which being bru- led do yeelde a ftrong fauour,fmelling like Petroleum, as doth the reft of the plant. 1 Small water Crefle hath great, thicke,and hollow ftalkes,fet with great leaues made of many fmall,fet vpon a middle rib like the afhe,not one oppofite againft another, but confufedly and out oforder, not much vnlike the leaues of Heralocke orCheruile, in all other points like the other of hiskinde. N 4 1 Stum 200 |i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Stum maim. Great water Parlhepo 3 I'xjfritYtium aquatic urn. Water Creftes. 2 Stum minus. Small water Crefle. ieThedefcription. 3 W ater Crefles hath many fat and weake hol- lowe braunches , trailing vpon the grauell and earth where it groweth, taking holde and rooting in fundrie places as it creepeth ;by meanes wher- ofthe plant fpreadeth ouer a great compafTe of groimde. The leaues arc likevvife compact and winged with many fmalleaues,iet vpon a middle ribbe one againft another,except the point leafe, which ftandeth byhimfelfe, as doth that of the Afhcpf it growe in his naturall place, which is in a grauely fpring. The vpper face of the whole plant is of a browne colour, and greene vnder the leaues, which is a perfe6b marke to know the Phi- fie all kihde from the others. The white flowers growe in [pokie roundels. The roote is nothing elfebut as it were a thrum or bundellofthrcedes. £ The place. The firft groweth in moorifh and marfhie grounds,and.in medowes and woodes that be fel- dome drie. The feconde and thirde do growe in running brookes of moft cleere fountaines and grauelie ip rings, where the befl: for phiflck do vfe to grow. & The time. They Ipring and waxe greene inAprill, and flower HISTORIE OF PLANTS. • 2 O I flower in Iuly. I he water Crefle to be eaten in fallacies, fheweth it felfe in March when it is heft, and flowreth infommer with the reft. # The names. The firft is called in Latine Slum mams , and Lauer maim of Dio/cor ides: of others it is called St¬ um odor atum Tragi , and alfo Past mac a aquatica. The l'econd is called in Greeke aim in Latine Stum alter urn,and alfo Sifymhrium ; in Englifh great water Crefle,for that it hath the tafte of garden Creftes. Water Crefle is called of Cratetta Sium^nd Sifymbrium aquatiewn : of the newe writers T^ajlur- tittm aquaticumy and Lauer Crateua: in Englifh water Crefles,or browne Creftes. it The temperature. Water Crefle is euidently hot and drie. it Thevertues. Water Crefle being boiled in wine or milke, anddrunkefor certaine daies togithcr,is verie A good againft the feuruie or fcorbute. Being chopped and boiled in the broth of flefh, and eaten for xxx. daies togithcr at morning, B noone and night,prouoketh vrine,wafteth the ftone,and driueth it foorth. Taken in the fame man¬ liest doth cure yoong maidensof the greene ficknefle,bringeth downe their termes, and lendeth into the face their acouftomedliuely colour, loft by theftopping of their menftrue. Ofwilde 'water Crejfes or Cuckpwflowers . Chap . 18 . it The kindes. There be fixe kindes of wilde herbesnumbred among the water Crefle which followe in order. I Cardamine. > 2 Cardamine altera. - Cockowe flowers. Ladies fmockes. 3 Cardamine THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 Cardamine Trifolia. Three leafed Ladie (mocks. 4 Cardamine latifolia. Great Ladie (mocks. 5 Cardamine laBea. & Cardamine Lipina. Milke white Ladie (mocks. Mountaine Ladie (mocks. 20J ' 'HI ST OR IE OF' PLANTS. ' >A * W - • r\ \ \ *___ , ; . . - - % ♦ .£ k The defer ip ion. 1 > - |—< He firft of the Cuckowe flowers, hath Ieaues at his Ipringing Vp fomcvvhat roundc, and I thofe that fpring afterward grow iagged like the Ieaues of Greeke Valerian :among which rifeth vp a ftalke a footc long, let with the like Ieaues,but fmaller and more iagged;, refem- bling the Ieaues of Rocket. The flowers grow at the top in fmall bundels,white of colour, hollowe in the middlc,refcmbling the white fweete Iohn: after which do come (mail chaffic huskes, or fcedc veflels,whcrein the feede is conteined. The rootc is fmall and threddie. 2 The fccond fort of Cuckowe flowers,hath fmall iagged Ieaues like thofe of fmall water Valeri- an,agrceing with the former in ftalkcs and rootes. The flowers be white,ouerdafht or declining to¬ ward a light carnation. 3 The thirde fort of Cuckowe flowers groweth creeping vporuhe ground , with (mail threddie ftalkes, whereon do groweIeaues like thofe of theficldcClauer, orthree leafed grade : among which do come vp fmall and tender ftalkcs two handfuls high, hauing flowers at the top in greater quantitie than any ofthc reft, of a light fleihie colour dafht with white. The roote is nothing elfe butasitwereabundellofthrumsorthrcds. 4 The fourth groweth likewife flat vpon the grounde: the Ieaues growe Vpon a (lender ribbe , as doth the Ieaues ofSetwall, or rather water Trefoylc,among which do rife vpftalkes a cubitehigh. The flowers growe at the top,tuft or feather fafhion,with a threddie rootc like the former. 5 Milke whiteLadicfmockes hath (hikes rifing immediately from the roote,deuidingthemfelues into fundrie fmall twiggic and hard braunchcs,fet with Ieaues like thofe of Serpillum. The flowers growe at the top,madc of fower Ieaues of a ycllowifh colour. Thc-rootc is tough and wooddy, with fome fibres annexed thereto. 6 Mountainc Ladicfmockes hath many rootes, nothing elfe but as it were a bundell of threddy firings, from the which do come foorth three or fower (mall, weake or tender Ieaues, made of fundrie fmall Ieaues,in fhewe like thofe of fmall water Valerian. The ftalkcs bee fmall and brittle, whereupon do growe fmall flowers like the firft kindc. A The place. Thcfe kinds of Cuckowe flowers, grow not fo much in waters as they do in moift medowes, and in fuch places as be vene often ouerflovvep not onely with raine water, but alfo with riuers and ponds. ■ . That of the Alpifh mountaines is a ftranger in thefe colde countries,thc reft arc to be found eue* ric where,as aforefaid,efpccially in the caftle ditch at Clare in Eflex. kThe time. r Thefe flower for the moft part in Aprill and Maie, when the Cuckowe doth begin to fing her plcafant notes without Hammering. kThe names. Thev are commonly called in Latinc Flos Cuculi , for the reafon aforefaid, and alfo T^aflurtium aquaticum minus, or the lefler water Crefle: of fome Cardamtne, and Sifymbrium alterum of Diojco- rides: it is called in the Germaine toong OTfl&CtTtCfj ♦ m French Pafferage fiuuige: in Englifh Cuckowe flowers in :Northfolke,Caunterburie bels: at the Namptwich in Chefhire where I had my beginning, Ladie fmockes, which hath giuen me caufe to chriften it after my countrie fafhion. k The nature and vertues. Thefe herbes be hot and drie in the fecond degree: we hauc no certainc prodfe or authoritie of their vertues, but furely from the kindes of water Crefle they cannot much differ,and therefore to them they may be referred in their vertues* Of Treacle zPvfuHarde. Qhap.iy* •kThe kindes . T* Here bediuers and fundrie forts of Treacle Muftardes, or wilde Crefles, which you pleafe to call them, for that they may be referred vnto cither, as herbes participating ofboth, as well in qualitie astafte, t ThUj}i a ©4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 1 ThliJ}i Diefcoridis. Treacle Muftarde. 3 Thlajpimaiui. Knaues Muftarde. 2 Thlxfti Vulgutifimum. Mytridate Muftarde. 4 ThhjjtimlnM . JBowyers Muftarde. 5 Thlafii 205 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 ThUJpi Gracum, Grecian Muftarde. 7 T hlajpi Clypeatum L* Obeli}* Buckler Muftarde. 6 T hlajpi am Arum. Clownes Muftard* 8 Thlajpi minus ClypeAturn. Small buckler Muftarde. & 7 ‘he defeription. i Reacle Muftarde hath long broadc leaues ,efpecially thofe next the ground, the others left | fer, {lightly indented about the edges like thofe of Dandelion.The {talks be long & brittle, deuidedinto many braunches euen from the ground to the top, where grow manye fmall idle flowers tuft; fafhion, after which fueceede flat,thinne,chaffie huskes or feede veftels hart fafhi- on 3 whcrin are contained browne long leedcs, Iharpe in tafte,burning the toong as cloth Muftarde feede, zo6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE \ (eede,leauing a tade or fauour of Garlicke behinde for a farewell. 2 Mythridate Mudard hath long narrow leaues like thole ofVVoad,or rather cow Bafil.The dalks be inclofed with final! (nipt leaues eucn to the braunehes, Pyramidis fafhion, that is to lay, (mailer and fmaller toward the top 3 where it is deuidcd into fundrie braunehes 3 whereon do growe fmall flowersjwhich being paft 3 the cods or rather thinnechafliehuskes do appeere full of fharpe feede 3 like the former. The roote is long and (lender. 3 The thirde kinde of treacle Mudarde,named knaues Milliard 3 (for that it is too bad for honed men)hath long 3 fat 3 and broade Ieaues 3 like thole of Dwale or deadly Nightfhade: in tade like thole ofVuluaria or dinking Orache 3 (et vpon a rounde ftalke two cubits high, deuidedatthetopinto fmall armes or braunches 3 whereon do growe (mall foolifh white fpokie flowers. The feede is con- teined in fmall flat pouches like thofe of Shepheardes purfe 3 browne and fharpe in tade 3 but of a rancke fauour. 4 Bowiers Mudard hath very fmall leaues like Toade flaxe,but fmaller. The dalkes be finall,(len¬ der,and many. The flowers be lo finall, that they (eeme to be dud. The feedes be placed vpon the braunehes from the lowed part of the plant euen to the top,excceding fharpe and hot in tade 3 with a (inall and (ingle roote. 5 Grecian Mudard hath many leaues (pread vpon the ground, like thofe of the common Daifie, of a darke greenifh colour: from the midd whereof, (pring vp dalkes two foote long, deuided into many fmall braunehes: whereupon do growe fmall white flowers,compofcd of fewer leaues, after which fucceede rounde flat huskes or (cede vcdels,fer vpon the dalke by couples,as it were fundry paires of (pedaclcs, wherein the (eede is conteined, fharpe and biting as the other. 6 Clownes Mudard hath (mail tender dalkes riling immediately from the ground,(et with leaues like tho(e of (mall Haukcs weede, (leightly indented about the edges. The flowers grow at the top in fpokie rundels like thole of Sefeli Creticum , not much differing from the flowers of wilde pard neps. The (cede is as fmall as fande,yet biting the toong as the fcfrmer.The roote is (ingle with cer- taihe threds hanging thereat. y Buckler Mudard hath many large leaues, fpread vpon the grounde like Hzeratium or Hauke- weede,(omewhat more toothed or fnipt about the edges : among which come vp dalkes finall and brittle,acubitehigh, garnidied with many finall pale yellowifh flowers, in whole place fucceede many round, flat, cods or pouches,buckler fa(bion,conteining a (cede like vnto the others. 8 Small buckler Mudard, is a very final!, bafe,or lowe plant, hauing leaues like thofe of wilde Tyme, (et vpon fmall, weake and tender braunehes. The flowers growe at the top like the other buckler viuflard.The (eede vedels are like,but not fo round, fo me what fharpe pointed, fharpe in tade, and burning the toong. The whole plant lieth flat vpon the ground,like wilde Tyme. H The place. Treacle Mudard groweth wilde in fundry places in corne fieldes,ditch bankes,and in (andy,drie, & barren grounde. Ifound it in the corne (ieldes betweene Croydon and Gods done in Surrey, at South-fleete in Kent,by the path that leadethfrom Harnfey (a finall village by London)vnto Wal¬ tham ao(fe,and in many other places. The others do growe vnder hedges,oftentimes in fieldes and in donie and vntoiled places; they growe plentifully in Bohemia and Germanie; they are feene likewile on the donie bankes of the riuer Rhene. They are like wile to be found in England in fundrie places wilde, tire which I haue ga¬ thered into my garden. i>: The t‘me. Thefe treacle Mudardes are found with their flowers from Maie to lulie, and the feede is ripe in the end ofAugud. O °i: The names. The Grecians call thefe kinds of herbes of the huske or (eede veiled, which is like a little duffed fhielde.Theyhauealfo other names which be found among the badard wordes: as Scandu- laceism, CapfelU,Pes gallinacens. Neither be the later writers without their names, as Nasturtium teElonim, yn&SifiapiruHicum'. it is called in Dutch CxHUitK ? in French Seneuefauuage •' in Englifh treade Mudarde, Bowlers Mudarde,difh Mudard,offorneThla(pi after the Greeke name, chudes Mudarde,and wilde Creffes. bm ^ Treticle Mudarde is called of forrie scorodothUjpt, that is to fay, Garlicke Thlafpi^softhe rancke and drong fmell ithath of garlicke. i . f &The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 207 ft The temperature. The feede of theft kindes of treacle Muftards , be hot and drie in the ende of the third degree. •i Thevertues. The feede ofThlafpi or treacle Muftarde eaten, purgeth choler both vpward and downwarde, A prouoketh flowers,and breaketh inwarde apoftemes. The fame vfed in clyftcrs,hclpeth the fciatica,and is good vnto thofe puroofes for which Muftard B feede ferueth. ' ' ft The danger. The feede oftheft herbes be fo extreeme hot and vehement in working,that being taken in too great a quantitie,purgeth and fcoureth euen vnto blood, and is hurtfull to women with childe, and therefore great care is to be had in giuing them inwardly. Of Candie zCMuslard. Thlajpi CondiJt. Candie Milliard. ft The defeription. Andie Muftarde excelleth all the reft:, as well for the comely flowers that it bring- eth foortb for the decking vp of gardens andhoufts, as alio for that it goeth beyondc the reft: in his phyficall vertues.lt rifeth vp with a very brittle ftalke of a cubite high, which diuideth it ftlfe into fundrie bowes or braunches, fet with leaues like thofe of the ftocke eilloflowers, of a graie or ouerworne grecne colour. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes rounde, thicke ciu- ftering togither, like thofe of Scabious or Deuils bit, fomtimesblewe,often purple, fometimes car¬ nation or horfe-flefh, and leldomc white, for any thing that I haue feene, varying according to the foile or climate. The feede is reddifh, fharpe, and byting the toong, wrapped in little huskes fafhio- ned like a hart. ft The place. This plant groweth naturally in that Pannonia which is nowe called Auftria, in vntoiled places,, and by high waiefides: in Crete or Candia, in Spaine and Italie,and fuch like hot regions, from whence I rcceiued feede, by the liberalitie of the right Honorable the Lorde EdwardZouchepx his returne into England from thofe partes,with ma¬ ny other rare feedes, which do flourifh in my gar- ito his good Lordfhip. ft The time. It flowreth from the beginning of Maic vnto the ende of September, at which time you fhall haue flowers,and feedes vpon one braunch,fbme ripe,and fome that will not ripen at all. ft The names. This plant is called in Greeke feJM or byafmall errour in chaunging / into in Latinc ArabU and Dr aba: Plinie in his 27. booke p. chapter, nameth itDryophtnon : it is vfu ally called Thlajpi Candia : in Englifh Candie Thlafpi, or Candie Muftarde. # The temperature. The feede of Candie Muftarde is hot and drie in the ende of thethirde degree, as is that called Scorodothlafi or treacle Muftarde. ft The 2g8 < THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE #The vertues. A Viofcorides faith,that they vie to eate the dried feede of this herbe with meate,as we do Muftarde, efpccially in Cappadocia* B They vfe likewife to boile the herbe with the decodtion of Barly,called Ptifena,in which being io boiled, it concodeth and bringeth foorth of the chcft tough and rawe flegme , which ftickcth therein. * C It is reckoned a chiefe among thofe Simples with which mithridate and treacle is made 3 and is mixed in counter poyfons and fuchlike compofitions. Of Treacle tSMustarde. Chap. zi. i 7 hlajpt wcumm. Hoarie Muftarde. 2 ThlaJJ>i Pannomcum Clufii. Hungarie Muftarde. *k The defeript ion. Oarie Muftarde hath many large leaues 3 laide flat vpon the grounde like the leaues of Woade 3 and of the fame colour, but not io fharpe pointed: among which rife vp hoarie ftalkes declining to the colour of allies, whereof it tooke his name, which arefet with leaues far vnlike to thofe next the grounde, encloiing or embracing the ftalkes, as do the leaues of Perfoliatum or thorow-waxe. The flowers (being of fmall reckoning) grow at the top of thebraun- ches,white of colour,whicl) being paft there do fucceede flat huskes or pouches,like thofe of Shep- heards purfe,with hot feede by ting the toong. 2 Hungarie Milliard bringeth foorth (lender ftalkes,two cubits high. The leaues which firft ap- peere arc flat,fomwhat round like thofe of the wilde Beete; but thofe leaues which after do garnifh the ftalks are long and broade like thofe of the garden CoIewoort,but lefter & fofter,greene on the vpperflde,and vnder declining to whitenefle,duelling like garlicke. The flowers be finall and white, confiding of fower fmall leaues, which in a great tuft or vmbeil do grow*e thicke thruft togither, which being paft, there followcth in euery fmall huske one duskiih feede and no more, bitter and fharpe HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 'ao* harpe in tafte.Thc rootc is white and finall, creeping vnder the grounde far abroadc like the roots >f Couch graflc, preparing newe fho.otes and braunches for the yecrc following , contrarie to all be reft of his kindc,which are increafed by fcede 3 and not otherwife. 3 ThUfyi Narbonenfe VObelii. Churles Muftardc. 4 Thlajjti vmbelktum 7 fj.rboncnJe % Pefants Muftarde of Narbone. "k The defer iption. 3 Churles Muftarde hath manie finall twiggie ftalkes, (lender, tough and pliant, fet with (mall Leaues like thofe of the Hy(ope,'with finall and idle flowers, leane husks fc arfe yeelding two (eerie s, and thole fewe,fharpe,bitter and vnfauoric, not fit for meate nor medicine, and therefore we call them as you fee,making no reckoning of them. 4 Pefants Muftarde hathmany (lender pliant braunches like the former, with thinne and iagged leaues like thofe of Harts home but (mailer: a plcafimt greenc fauce herbe, in (auour and tafte like Vuluaria. The flowers be yellowe, andgroweina fmall (pokie tuft. The (cede in tafte and fauour is equall with the other of his kinde and countrey. 5 Yellowe Muftarde hath an exceeding number of whitifh leaues, (pread vpon the grounde in manner of a turife or haflbckc,from the middeft wherof rifeth an vpright ftalke of three foot high, putting foorth many fmall braunches or armes: on the top whereof growe many (mail yellowe flowers like thofe of the Wall flower, but much leffer, which being paft, thehuskes appeereflat, pouch fafhion,wherein is the feede like Treacle Muftarde,fharpe alfo and biting. 6 White Treacle Muftard hath leaues (preade vpon the grounde like the other,but (mailer. The ftalkes rife vp from the middeft thereof,braunched, fet with leaues (mailer then thofe that he vpon the grounde euen to the top,where doth grow a tuft of white flowers in fafhion like thofe of Taft- fie.The feede is like the other. 7 The finall kinde of Muftarde, hath a fewe finall leaues fpred vpon the grounde like thofe of Moufe-eare: from which rife vp finall tender ftalkes, fet with three arid (omtimes fower final fharpe pointed leaues. The flowers grow at the top,fmall, and of no moment, but as it were duft.The cods are flat, pouch fafhion, like thofe of Shepheardes purfe. O 1 5 TbUJfri tio'' THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 7 Thlafbi minus Clufii. Clufmt fmall Muftarde. :i I 6 Thlajpi album fuptnmn. White treacle Muftard. *k Theplace. Thefe kindes of treacle Muftardc grow vpon hils and mountaines in cornc ficldcs, in ftonic a barrainc and grauely grounds. # The time. Thefe flower in Maie, Iune, and Iuly, The feedc is ripe in September. •k 7 he names. Thefe herbes are called by one gcnerall name 7 ‘hlajbi : the Germaines BpfStttferaut i the Bra- banders 'Befemcrupt i in EnglifhBeefome weede, or Broome woorte,and treacle Muftarde. Notwich- ftanding, by reafon of the affinitic they haue with muftarde & prefles, I haue thought it expedient to call them alby the name of muftarde, bicaufe their nature doth not differ from it. k The temperature and vertaes. The feeds of thefe churlifh kindes of treacle mu¬ ftarde, haue a fharpe or biting qualitie: breake in- warde apoftumes, bring downe the flowers, kill the birth, and helpeth thefciatica orpainc in the hip. They purge choler vpward and downewarde, if you take two ounces & a halfe of them, as Diofco- rides writeth. They arc mixed in counterpoifons, as treacle, mithridate,and fuch like compofitions. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 21 i Of woody <t7v£uftarde. Qhap. z i. I Thlajfi fruticojitm. Woody Muftarde. 2 ThUfpijrtttieofum minki. Small wooddy Muftarde. A & The description. 1 T TT T Oodie muftarde hath long narrow greene lcaucs, declining to whiteneffe, like thofe \/ Y/ of the Stock-gillofer 3 but fmaller, very well refembling the leaues of Rofemarie, rough ftalkes very tough and pliant , being of the fubftaunce of woode : the bowers growe at the top white ofcolour 3 in fafhion of the great Clauer or fielde Trefoile: the feedes do fol- lowe in tafte fharpe and biting: the huskes or feede veftels flatjfpade fafhion, like the other kinds of Thlafpi. 2 Small wooddie muftarde groweth to the height of two cubites,with many ftalkes let with frnall narrowcleaueSjlike thole of HylTope; and at the top growe flowers likethofe of Treacle muftard, or Thlafpi. The whole plant groweth as a fhrub or hedge bufh. 3 Thornie muftarde groweth vp to the height offower cubitesjofa wooddy fubftaunce like vnto a hedge bufh or wilde fhrub ,with ftalks befet with leaues 5 flowers,and feedes 3 1ike the laft before men- tioned 5 agreeing in all points fauing in the cruell pricking fharpe thornes wherwith this plant is ar¬ med, the other not. The roote is tough,wooddie,and fomefttinges or fibres annexed thereto. 4 There is another fort of Thornie Muftard growing in (hadowie and obfeure mountaines, and rough ftonie places, refembling the laft deferibed; failing that, that this plant hath little or no bi¬ ting ta ft atall,whereinconfifteththe difference. O 2 %12 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The flees. 3 Thlajfi (fanofitm. Thorme Muftarde. Th«le plants do growe vpon the Alpifh and Pyrene mountaines, in Piemont, andinltalie in llonie and rockie groundes. ft The time. They flower when the other kindes of Thlalpi do, that is/rom May to the end of Auguft. it T he ftames* I finde nothing more faide of their names, ci¬ ther of the anneient or later writers, then is let downe in their feuerall tytles. ft The nature and vertues . Likewife I finde nothing extant of their na¬ tures or vertues, but are referred to the kindes of Thlalpios, whereof no doubt they are of kin- red and affinitie. T urritii . Towers Milliard. Of Towers AfuHarde. fbap.ii. MWmmXr ft The defeription. Owers Mufiarde,offome hath beene taken for a kinde of C relies, & referred by them to it;of lome/or one of the Muftardes ,and fo placed among the Thlafpios as a kinde thereof andtherfore myfelfemuftneedes bellowe it lome where with others. TherforeI haue with Clufusznd. IIObeli , placed it among the Thlalpios as a kinde thereof, which commethoutof the grounde with many long and large rough leaues, like thole of Houndes-toong,efpecially thole next the grounde: among which nleth vp a long ftalke of a cubite or more high, fet about with fharpe pointed leaues like thofe of woade. The flowers growe at the top, if I may terme them flowers, but thev are as it were a little dultie chaffe driuen vpon the leaues & bran¬ ches with the winde: after which come very fmall cods, wherein is final reddifh leede like that ofCa- meiine,or Englifh Wooimleed,witharootemadc of a tuft full of innumerable threddes or firings. 2 Guide of plealiirc is an herbe with many braun- ches fet vpon a ftraight ftalke, rounde and deuided into fundric wings, in height two cubites. The leaues be long, broade and fharpe pointed, lorne- what Ihiptcr indented about the edges like thole of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 213 of Sowthiftles. The flowers along the fhlkes are white, the feede conteined in rounde little velTels,is fat and oilie. 3 Treacle Wormeleede rifeth vp with tough and pliant braunchcs, whereupon do growe manie fmall yellowe flowers,after which come long (lender cods like Flixe-vveede, or Sophia , wherein is conteined fmall yellowifh fcede,bitter as Woormefeed or Coloquintida. The leaues are fmall and darke of coIour,in lhapelike thofe of the ftocke Gilloflowers, but not fo thicke 3 nor fat. The rooic is fmall and Angle. There is a kinde ofmuftard called Dr aba Vulgaris, or drunkards Mullarde, it hath (mall rounde ftalkes afooteanda halfelong, let withgreene leaues like vnto the Marigolde 3 though not fo thicke or fat: the top of the ftalke is diuided into many braunches ofequall height 3 charged on the top with many white flowers like vnto Elder, and of the fame fmcll. The feede is contained in fmall flat huskcs 3 fharpe pointed 3 and as it were a little railed vp like the brefts of a woman. There is likewile another fort ofby ting milliard or Treacle mullarde, which hath manie weake braunchcs trailing 3 or as it were leaning on the grounde 3 vpon which do grow whitifh leaues lome- what toothed or Flipped about the edges,bearing at the top ofthcftalkeslmallwhite flowers, after which there followe long cods like the Stoeke gilloflowers, but much {mailer, wherein is the leedc^ of a fharpe-and biting talle. 2 Myagrum . 3 Camclina. Golde ofpleafurc. Treacle Wormeleed. 'k The place. Towers Treacle groweth in the Well part of Englande vpon dunghils and fuch like places. I haue hkewife feene it in fundrie other places, as at Pyms by a village called Edmonton neere Lon- bridge t lC CUle WalS of Wcft_chefter in the corne fieldes, and where flaxe did growe about Cam- Thcother growe in the terricorie of Leodenin Zclande, and many places of the Lowe coun- tries, and likewife wilde in {iindry places ofEngland, 03 * The 414 the second eooke of the ft The time. Thefe herbes do flower in Male and Iune 3 and theirfeede is ripe in September. ft Then.imes. y In * Golde ofpleafure 3 is called in the Latine toong Eryfimum', it is called properly Myagrtm'fiox that there is another herbe called Eryfimum: in the Germain toong jflacfjftlOttCtM X in (Tops Sef&mum, where they vfe the ovle thereof in fteedc of oyle o f Sejamum, not without errour. Treacle wormefeede is called Camelina , and is that£;^yw#»* orkindeof graine which Galen in his firff booke of the faculties of nourifhments 3 and Theophratfus\)kzmfe do calUpt'V^&is deferi- bed by Dioficorides in his fecond booke:wherof<74/f7? in his tf.booke of the faculties of fymple medi¬ cines hath made mention 3 much differing from this Eryfimum of Theophrattm: for Diojcondes doth not call this plant Eryfimon 3 but Melampyrim 3 which fbme(faith he)do call .«^>.7 wop, perad- uenture through the likenesofthelcaues which it hath with the other Melampyrum of Theophra- Jins and Gitlen 3 differin g alfo from M yagrum or C Amelin a. ft Tie temperature. Thefe plants be hot and drie in the thirde degree. ftThevertues. A It is thought faith Diofcorides, that the roughnes of the skinneis polifhed and made fmooth with the oilie fatnefle of the feede of CMyagrum. B Rue Hi ms teacheth, that the iuice of the herbe healeth vlcersof the mouth 3 and that the poorc peaf'ant doth vfe the oile in banquets 3 and the rich in their lampes. C The fee de of camelina damped and giuen children to drinke, killeth wormes, and driueth them foorth both by fiege and vomit. Of Shepheardes purfe *. Cbap.zz. I Bur fa Pallor is. Shepheards purfe. 2 Bur fa FaHoria minima. Small Shepheards purfe. 215 . HISTORIE )OF PMNTS,:: > * & The defeript ion. 11 : x He leaues of Shepheards purfe growe vp at the firft long, gafhed in the edges like thofe | ot Rocket,fpred vpon the ground: fro thefe (pring vp veric many little weakc (talks dcuided ■*' into fundrie braunches, with like leaues growing on them,but lefTer 5 at the top wherof arc orderly placed fmall white flowers: after thefe come vp little feede veflels, flat,and cornered, nar¬ row at the (femme like to a certaiue little pouch or purfe,in which Jicth the feed,with a white roote not without firings. ^ \ ' r 2 The (inall Shcpheardes purfe commeth foorth of the ground like the cuckowe flower, which I haucEnglifhedLadie (inockes, hailing (inall leaues deepely indented about the edges, among which rife vp (inall tender (hikes with flowers at the top, as it were chaffe. The huskes and feeds is like the other before mentioned. & The place. Thefe herbes do growe of themfelues for the mod part,neere common highwaies,in defertand vrltilled places, among rubbifh and olde wals. & The time. They flower, flourifh and (eede all the (bmmer long. The names. Shepheardes purfe is called in Latine Patton* bur fa, oiPeraPaforit: in high Dutch in lowe Dutch 3 O|fC(int 0 erupt t in French Bourfe de Pajlcur ou Cure : in ; EngIifh Shepheardes purfe or Scrip: of fome Shepheards pouch, and poorc mans Parmacctic, and in the North part of England Toywoort,Pickepurfe,and Cafe weede. ie The temperature. They are of temperature colde and drie, and very much binding after the opinion of Ruedius y Math tolas ,and DodonxM'y but L'Obel and Pena hold them to be hot & dry,iudging the fame by their fharp taffe. Which hath caufed me to infert them heere among the kinds of ThIafpi,co(idering the fafhion of the leaues, cods, feede,& taffe thereofjwhich do (o well agree togither,that I might very well haue placed them as kindes thereof, but rather willing to content others that haue written before,then to pleafe my (elfe,I haue followed their order in marfhalling them in this place, where they may ftande for cofin Germaines, tfc The vertues. Shepheardes purfe (faicth bleeding in any part of the bodic, whether the iuice or the dccodfion j\ thereofbe drunke,or whetherit be vfed Pultus wife,or in bath,or any other way elfe. In a clyfter it cureth the bloudy flixe: it healeth greene and bleeding woundes: it is maruclous R good for inflammations newly begun,and for all difeafes which muft be checked backe and cooled. The deco&ion doth (lop the laske, the fpitting and pifling of blood, and all other fluxes of C blood. ' "\ 1 T Talian Rocket hath long leaues cut into many parts or diumons like thole of the Afhc tree, I refembling Ruelliu-s his Buckes home‘.among which rile vp (lalkesweake and tender, but thicke and groffe, two foote high, garnifhed with many (inall yellowifh flowers like the mid¬ dle partofTanfie flowers,of a naughtie fauour or fineii. The (eede is fmall like (ande or dull, in taftc like Rocket (eede,whereof in truth we fufpedt it to be a kinde. The roote is long and wooddie. 2 Crambling Rocket hath many large leaues cut into fundry fedtions, deepely thruft to the middle ribbe, braunchedlike the homes of a (tag or hart:among which there do rife vp long, fat&flefhie (falkestwocubites high,lying flat vpon the grounde by realbn of his weake and feeble braunches. The flowers growe at the top cindering thicke togither,yellow of colour like thole ofDiers weede. The feeds is like the former, O 4 216 THE SECOND BOOK.E OF THE I Rhejeda TltniL 2 RhefecU maxima . Italian Rocket; Crambling Rocket, k 7 heplace. Thefe plants do growe in fandie 3 {lonie 3 grauely 5 and chalkie barren grounds.I haue foundc then* in fundric places of Kent, as at Southfleete neere matter Str^/feyhoufe vpon longfielde downcs, which is a chalkie and hilly ground,very barren, where grade willfcarfely growe or any thing eife but Iuniper and thefe plants. They grow at Greene-hithe vpon the hils neere vnto the village, and in other places of Kent: but I haue not feene them elfe-where, although I doubt not but that they grow in other places of this lande. k The time. Thefe plants do fiourifh in Iune,Iuly,and Auguft. k The names. The firffc is called of Pl'tnie,Rhefeda> Erne a peregrina^ and Eruu Cantabrica: in Englifh Italian Rocket. The fccond is called likewife odiPlinie pRhejedapx\d. Rejeda maxima ? o£ AnguilUra Pi gnomon of I findencthing extant woorthie the memorie,eithcr of temperature or vertues. Of (jroundfell. Chap. 25. k The description. 1 ‘“TT" 1 He ttalke of Groundfell is round,chamfered & deuided into many braunches:theleaucs be I greenejpn g and cut in the edges almoft like thofe of Succorie, but letter, like in a manner to the leattes of Rocket. The flowers be yellowe and turne into downe that is carried away with the winde. The roote is full of firings and threds. 2 Cotton Groundfell hath a ttraightftalke of a browne purple colour,couered with a fine cotton or downie haire, of the height of two cubits. The leaues arc like thofe of Saint lames woort or Rag- woort, r HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 217 woort;and at the top of the ftalke growe fmall knops , from which come flowers of a pale ycllowe colour,which are no fooner opened and fpred abroad, but they change into downe like that of the Thiftle, cuenthefamehowerofhis flowring,and is caried away with the winde. Therooteis fmall and tender. it the place. Thefe herbes are very common throughout England,and do growe almoft euery where. it the time. They flourifh almoft euery moneth in the yeere. # theti ames. Groundfell is called in Greeket’e^p^in Latine Scnecio ) bica.u[c it waxeth olde quickly: it is called byabaftardc name Herbutum: inGermanieCtClif^&UCt?: in lowe Dutch C£ttiP0 CUlPt, and CtUPfftenerupt * in Spanifh Term cam: in Italian Cardoncello Jpcliciofa : in Englifh Groundfell. Cotton Groundfell feemeth to be all one with theophrattue his ijkphace , he maketh mention of otf 'phace in his y.booke, which is not onely a kinde of pulfe,but an herbe alfo, vnto which this kind oi Groundfell is very like. For as TheophraHus faith, the herbe ^Aphacei s one of the potherbes and kindes ofSuccorie: adding further that it flowreth in hafte, but yet foone is olde and turneth into downe,and fuch a one is this kinde of Groundfell. But theophrattue faith further, that it flowreth al the winter long,and fo long as the fpring Iafteth,as my felfe haue often feene this Groundfell do. it the temperature. Groundfell hath mixt faculties: it cooleth ana withall i theveytues. The Icaues of Groundfell boiled in wine or water and drunke, healeth the paine and ache of the A ftomacke thatproceedeth of choler. The leaues and flowers ftamped with a little hogs greace,ceafeth the burning heate of the ftones B and fundament: by adding to a little faffron and fait helpcth Struma or the Queenes euill. The digefteth as Pattlus ^AEgineta vvriteth. 2 i8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE C The Ieaue$ damped and drained into milke and drunkc , helpeth the red gumtne and frets in children. D Diofcorides faith ,th at with the fine powder offrankenfence it healeth wounds in the finewes.Thc like operation hath the downe ofthe flowers mixed with vineger. E Boiled in ale with a little honie and vineger,prouoketh Yomite/pecially if yee adde thereto a fewe rootes of Aflkrabaccu. Of Saint lames bis mort . Chap.i6. # The kindes. '~T f He herbe called Saint lames his woort,is not without caufc thought to be a kinde of Ground- T fell, ofwhich there be fundrie forts 5 lbme of the pafture, and one of the fca j lorne lvveete fmel- Iing 3 and fome of a lothfome fauour,all which kinds I will fee downe. & The deferiptim* i O Aint lames his woort or Ragwoort is very well knowne euery where, and bringeth foorth ^ at the fird broadc leaues,gaflhed rounde about like to the leaues of common Wormwood, but longer,broader ,thicker,not whitifh or foft,of a deepe greene colour,with a dalk which rifeth vp aboue a cubite high,chamfered,blackifh and fomwhat red withal!. The armes or winges are let with lefier leaues like thofe of Ground/ell or ofwildc Rocket. The flowers at the top be of a yellowe colour like Marigolds, afwell the middle button as the finall flowers which dandeinapale round about.which tunic into downe as doth Groundfell jthe roote is threddie. a Sea HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 219 2 SeaRapvvoort ctowcth to the height of two cubits; the ftalkes be not reddifh astheother,but contrariwile afhe coloured,graie and hoaric; the leaues be greater and broader ;hen the other; the flowers grow at the top ofa pale yellow colour, coucrcd on the cup or huskeof the flower, as alio the leaues, with a certaine loft white downe or freeze; the flowers vamfhiilto downc, and flic away with the winde. # The place. Lande Ragwoort groweth euery where in vntilled pafturcs and fieldes which are fomwhat moilt elpccially,and ncere vnto the borders of fieldes. Thefecondc kinde of Ragwoort groweth neere the lea fide in fundric places : I haue feene it in the fielde by Margate by Queakes houfe, and Byrchenton in the Re of Thanet; likewife it groweth ncere the kings ferrey in the lie of Shepey, in the way leading to Sherlande houfe where Sir Edward Hobby dwelleth; and likewife at Queencborough called in the fame lie, and m other places. $e The time. They flower in July and Augufl,at which time they are carried away with the downe* •frThe names. ThcfirftiscaHedinLatineifrr^S./*^/, or s. Jacob ifos, and Iacobea : in high Dutch SnCOh.ShiOUUlCtUi^loweDutcb^aRt 31 aCOb£Ct:upt;in French Fitter deS.Jacques : in Enghfli S. lames his woort: the countrey people do call it Stagger woort, and Stauerwoort, and alfo Rag- woorte. The fecond is named Cineraria fir afhe coloured Saint lames woort: fome call it Erigeronmari - nwn> or fea Groundfelfof foinc ^Artemifia marina. •& The temperature. Saint lames woort is hot and drie in the fcconde degree,and alfo clenfingby reafbn of the bitter- nelle which it hath. Thevertues. It is commended by the later phyfitions to bee good for greene woundcs, and oldefilthie vlcers A which are not feoured, mundified & made cleane, and alio healeth them with the iuice hereof tem¬ pered with honie and Maie butter boiled togither to the forme of an vnguent or falue. Itis much commended and not without caufe to helpe oldc aches and pains in the armes,hippes, B and legs,boiled with hogs greafe to the forme of an ointment. Moreouer the decodhon hereof gargarized is much let by as a remedie againfl fwellings and im- C poftumations of the throte, which it wafteth away and throughly healeth. The leaues ftamped verie fin all, and boiled with fome hogs greace vnto the confumption of the D iuice, adding thereto in the ende of the boiling a little Maffcich and Olibanum, and then ftrained, taketh away the olde ache in the hucklebones called Sciatica, Of garden Succorie. Chap.\j. •& The kinds. "T* Here be three forts ofplants comprehended vnder the iv&tcichoreum-or Succorie, that is to faie Cichorie,Endiue,& Dandelion,differing not fo much in operation & working,as in fhape and forme,which hath cauled many to deeme them diuers, who haue diftinguifhed them vnder the titles aforelaide:of euery which kinde there be diuers forts, the which fhail be deuided in their leue- rail chapters, wherein the differences fhail be exprelfed. I Cichorium THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Cichoriumfttirnm. Garden Succorie. 2 Cichoriumfatiuum Utifolium. Broade garden Succorie. # The defeription. 2 Arden Succorie is oftwo forts,one with broade Ieaues, and the other with narrow deepe- It ly cut and gafhed on both (ides. The firft hath broad Ieaues fomwhat hairie, not much vrr- likc to Endiue, but narrower :amongft which do rile vp ftalkes, whereon are placed the like Ieaues,but fmaller. The ftalke deuideth it felfe rowarde the top into many braunches, whereon do growe little blewe flowers ccnfiftingof many fmall Ieaues, after which followeth white feede. The roote is tough, long, and white of colour, continuing many yeeres'j from the which as from euery part of the plant doth lffue foorth white,bitter and rnilkie iuice.The whole plant is of a bitter taftelikewife. 2 The feconde kinde of Succorie is like vnto the former, but greater in euery point. That which eanfeth the difference is that this beareth flowers white of colour tending to blewnefle, the others blewe, as I haue faide. 3 Garden Endiue bringeth foorth long Ieaues, broade,fmooth,more greene then white, like al- moft to thofc oflettuce,fomthing nicked in the cdges.The ftalke groweth vp among the Ieaues,be¬ ing rounde and hollowe, deluded into braunches, out of which being broken or cut there iiTueth a iuicelike milke fomewhat bitter: the flowers vpon the braunches confift of many Ieaues, in colour commonly blewe, feldomc white. The roote is long,white; with ftringes growing thereat, which withereth after the feede i s ripe. 4 Curled Endiue hath Ieaues not vnlike to thole of the curled or Cabbage Lettuce, but much greater, among which rife vp ftrong and thicke ftalkes , fet with the like Ieaues buclefler, and not fb notablie curled or crifped.The flowers growe at the top blewe of colour.The roote perifheth as doth the whole plant wheia it hath brought foorth his ripe feede. 3 Ixtybut v 221 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 Intybmfdtiua. Garden Endiue. 4 End/uia crijfa. Curled Endiue. The place andthne. Succorie is not onely fowen in gardens,but groweth alfo by high waies fides, and in vntilled and barren grounds in moft places of Englande, and elpecially that fort which hath the deepe gafhes, which is alio bitterer then the reft. Endiue being fowen in the fpting quickly commethvpto dower, which feedeth inharueft and jafterwarde dieth.But being lowen in Iuly it remaineth till winter, at which time it is taken vp by rhe rootes and laide in the funne or aire for the fpace of two houres, then will the leaues be tough and eafily endure to be wrapped vpon an heape,& buried in the earth with the rootes vp ward, where no earth can get within it, which ifit did, would caule rottennelfe, the which locouered maybe taken vp at times conuenient,and vfed in fallades all the winter, as in London and other places is to be feene,and then is it called white Endiue,whercof Plinte feemeth not to be ignoraunt, Ipeaking to thefame purpoleinhis 20.booke8.chapter. & The names. Theleherbcs be called by one name in Greeke2?e^ : notwithftanding for diftin&ion fake they haue called Succorie in Greeke^*? Plinie nameth the broade leafed Succorie Hedypnois: and the bitterer Eiofcorides calleth in Latine IntybumJylueHre,Intybum sgrejle, Intybum erraticum , and Cichorium: in fhops it is called Ctcorea, which name is not onely alowed of the later Phifitions, but alfo of the Poet Horace in the 31. Ode of his firll booke. Me pafeunt oliua. Me Ckorea^lcucjqtte malua. With vs faith Plinie in his ao.booke B.chapter, they haue called Intybum erraticum , or wilde En¬ clitic, Ambugia (others read Ambubcja :) and fome there be that name it Rostrum porcinum : and others as Gmlielmus Placeniinus , and Petrus Crejcentim terme it Sponfa folk: the Germaines call it which is as much to fay 3 as the keeper of the waies: the Italians cichor ea: the Spa¬ niards Aimer ones: the Englifh men Cicorie and Succorie: the Bohemians Czakanka. Endiue 21m Cw4 ^ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Endiue is named in Greeke >T ■ in Lacine Intybum fat mum: of feme End ink: of Auicenni and Serapio T ar ax aeon : of the Italians Scar to/a, which name remaineth in moftfhops 3 aIfo Seriola, as though they fhould fitly call it Seris, but not fo well Scrriola , with a double r: for Serida is Lac- tucafylusstri*, or wilde lettuce: it is called in Spanish S err ay a Emide : in Englifh Endiue and Scari- olerand when it hath been in the earth buried as aforefaid^thetys it called white Endiue. The nature. Endiuc and Succorie are cold and drie in the fecond degree 3 and vvithall fomwhat binding :and bicaufe they be fome thing bitter 3 they do alfo clenle and open. Garden Endiue is colder and not fo drie or clenfingi, and by reafon of thefe qualities they are thought to be excellent medicines for a hot liuer 3 as Galen hath written in his 8. booke of the com- pofitions of medicines according to the places affeded. ie The verities. A Thefe herbs when they be greenc haue vertue to coole the hot burning ofthe liuer 5 to helpe the flopping of the gail 3 yellow iaunders 3 lacke of fleepe, flopping of vrine 3 and hot burning feauers. B A fyrupe made thereof and fiigar is very good for the difeafes aforefaid. C The diddled water is good in potions, cooling and purging drinks. D The diflilled water of Endiue, Plantaine and Roles profiteth againfl excoriations in the conduit of theyardeto be inieded with a firing, whether the hurt came by vncleannefle or by finall Hones and grauell iffuing foorth with the vrine as often hath been feene. E Thefe herbes eaten in fallades or otherwife efpecially the white Endiue 3 doth comfort the weake and feeble flomacke 3 and cooleth andrefrefheth the flomacke oucrmuch heated. F The leaues of Succorie brufedare good againfl inflammation ofthe eics being outwardly ap¬ plied to the greened place. Of wilde Succorie . fhap.zS. # The kindes. T N like manor as there be fundrie forts of Succories and Endiues, fo is there wilde kindcs of eithet * of them. i Ctchoriumjyluefire. Wilde Succorie. 2 Cichoriumlnteuw. Yellow Succorie. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 223 •fy The dejcrzption. 1 rt T IldeSuccorie hath long leaues, fomewhat fiiipt about thecdgcs like theleaues of V \/ Sowthiftle, with a ftalke growing to the height of two cubits, which is deluded to- v warde the top into many braunches. The*flowers grow at the top blewe of colour: the roote is tough and woodie , with many firings faftned thereto. 2 Yellowe Succorie hath long and large leaues, deepely cut about the edges like thofe of the Haukeweede.The ftalke is braunched into fundrie armes, w'heron do growe yellowe flowers verie double,refembling the flowers of Dandelion or Pifle-abed,the which being withered, it flieth away in downe with euery blafle of winde. 3 Jntyhum fylucHre. Wilde Endiue. 4 IntybumJylueJlre latifolzum. Medowe Endiue. 3 Wilde Endiue hath long fmooth leaues fleightly fnipt about the edges. The flalk is brittle and full of a milkie iuice,as is all the reft of the plant: the flowers grow at the top of a blewe or skic co¬ lour: the roote is tough and threddie. 4 Medowe Endiue or Endiue with broade leaues, hath a thicke, tough and woodie roote with many firings faftned thereto,from which rife vp many broade leaues fpreadvpon the groundelike thofe of garden Endiue,but lefler and fomewhat rougher; among which rife vp many flalkes im¬ mediately from the roote,euery of them aredeuided into fundrie braunches, whereupon do growe many flowers like thofe of the former, but fmaller. Vi T he place. Thefc plants do growe wilde in fundry places in Englande, vpon wilde and vntiiled barren grounds jcfpccially in chalkie and flonie places. it The time. They flower from the middeft to the end of Auguft. it The names. Yellowe Succorie is not without caufe thought to be Hyofirh , or (as feme copies haue \t)Hyofci- y it^ « 224 THE second booke of the rAfjofwhich plimcm his 2 o.book 8.chapter writeth;/^y?>7V(faith he)is like to Endiuejbut leflcr and rougher,it is called of L'ObeliutHedypnois y the reft of the names fetfoorth in their feucrall titles fhall be fufficicnt for this time. & The temperature. They agree in temperature with the garden Succorie and Endiue. •fcThe vertues. A Theleauesof thcle wildeherbes are boiled in pottage orbrothes for ficke and feeble perlbns that haue hot,weake and feeble ftomacks to ftrengthen the fame. B They arc iudged to haue the fame vertues with thole ofthe garden, if not of more force in Work¬ ing* Of (fumme Succorie. Chap. 19 % # The kinJ.es. D Iofcorides deferibeth two forts or kindes of gum Succorie, notwithanding by the diligence of the later writnrs there be fundric forts founde more, differing as well in colour of the flowers as alfo in the fhape and proportion ofthe whole plant, which Ihall bee deferibed in this Chapter foiowing. I chondrilta ccerulea. 3 chondriUa earulea Utifolix. Blewe gum Succorie.' Robinm gum Succorie. *kThedefcription . $ Vmme Succorie with blewe flowers hath a thicke and tough roote with fome firings an- \JT nexed thereto, full ofa milkie iuice as is all the reft of the plant,the flowers excepted. The leaues are great and long, in fhape like to thofe of garden Succorie, but deepelier cut or iaggcd,among which ri,le tender ftalkcs very eafie to be broken, branched toward the top in two or fometimes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 225 fometime more braunches, bearing very pjcafant flowers of an azure colour or deepc blcwe,which being paft the fcecie flicth away in downe with the winde. 2 Gum Succorie with broad leaues, which I haiie named Robinta gum Succorie (for that he was the firft that h ath made any mention of a fecond kind,which he lent me as a great dainty, as indeede I confefte ir)in rootcs is like vnto the former jthe leaues be greater not vnlike vnto thofe of Endiue, but cut more deepely euen to the middle rib;the ftalkes growe to the height of two foote: the flow¬ ers are likewife of an azure colour, but fprinckled oner as it were with filuer fande,which addeth vn¬ to the flower great grace and beautie. 3 Yellowe gum Succorie hath long leaues like in forme and deuifion of the cut Ieaues to thofe of wilde Succorie,but lefler,couered all ouer with a hoarie downe. The ftalke is two foote high,white and downie alfo, diuided into fundrie braunches: whereupon do growe torne flowers like thofe of Succorie,but in colour yellowe,which are turned into downe that is carried away with the winde. The roote is long and of a meane thicknefte, from the which as from all the reft of the plant doth iftuefoorth amilkie iuice, which being dried is of ayellowifh red , flharpe or biting thetoong. There is founde vpon the braunches heereofa gum as Diofcorides faith, which is vfed at this daie in Phificke in the He Lemnos,as Bellonius witnefleth. 4 Spanifh gum Succorie hath many leaues fpread vpon the ground,in fhape like thofe of Ground- iell,butnotfbthickeandfat: among which rifevp braunched ftalkes fet with leaues like thofe of Stoebe faUmantica or filuer weede,whereof this is a kinde. The flowers growe at the top of an ouer- worne purple colour, which feldome fhewe themfelues abroade blowen. 3 chondrtlla lutea. Yellowe gum Succorie. 4. chondrtlh H/Jpanica. Spanifh gum Succorie. 5 Rufhie gum Succorie hath a tough and harde roote, with a fewe fhort threeds faftened there¬ to: from the which rifevp a feweiagged leaues like thofe of fuccorie. The ftalke groweth vptothe height of two footc,tough and litnmer like vnto rufhes , whereon are fet many graflie leaues. The flowers be yellowe, Angle and fmall, which being faded,do fiie away with the winde. Thewhole P 1 plant 226 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE plant hailing miikie iuice like vnto the other of his kinde. 6 Sea gum Succorie hath many knobby or tuberous rootes like thole of chamabahms , or Pefe- earth nut., with long firings fattened thereto: from which immediately rife vp a fewe Ifnall thinne leauesfafhionedlikethepointofafpeare: amongwhich fpring vpfmall tender flalkes ,wcake and reeling this way and that way lying flat vpon the ground.The flower groweth at the top,of an'ouer- worne or euill yellow colour.The whole plant is whitifh or hoarie, as arc many of the lea plants. 5 Cbondritlctluncea. Rufhie gum Succorie. 6 chondrilla, mar 'inn UObclii. Sea gum Succorie. 7 Swines Succorie hath long ? fmall and tender rootes/rom the which rile many indentedleaucs like thofeofSowthiftle,fpread or laide flat vpon the groundejfrom the middell whereof rile vp fmall loft and tender ftalkes, bearing at the top fmall double yellowe flowers like thole of Dande¬ lion or pifle-abed,but fmaller.The leede with the downie tuft flieth away with the winde. 8 The male Swines Succorie hath a long and flenderroote, with feme fewe threds or firings, faft- ned thereon: from which Ip ring vpfmall tender leaues Ipread vpon the groundnut or fnipt about the edges confufedJy 3 of an ouerworne rullie grayifh colour 3 full a miikie iuice: among which rife vp diuers fmall tender naked flalkes, bearing at the top of euerie llalke one flower and no more, of afaintyellbw colour and lomething double; which being ripe doe turne into.downe that is carried away with the winde. The feede likewife cleauethvnto thefaidedowne 3 and is Iikewife carried away.The whole plant periilieth when it hath perfected his fcede 3 and recouereth it felfeagaineby the hilling thereof. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 7 UypodjjerUyPorccllia, Swines Succorie. 8 HyoftrutnafcuU, Male Swines Succorie. a 27 ft The place, Thcfc kinds of gum Succories do grow in vntilled places vpon ditch bankes and the borders of fieldes. ft The time. They do flower from Maie to the end of Auguft. ft 7 he names. Gum fuccorie hath beene called of the Grecians mvJ'zImji : of the Latines CondriUa and chondrilU. Biofcorides and Plnie cal it C ahoy ton and Serfs 3 by realon of fome likenefle they haue with Suc- corie, efpecially the two firft which haue blewe flowers as thofe of the Succories. L’ObcUw maketh Cicorea verrucaria to bee Zazintha of Mathtolus . Diuers haue taken the plant with blewe Powers to be Sefamoides magnum^ but without any rea(on,for that Sefmotdes hath borrowed his name from the likenefle it hath with Sefamum: but this herbe is rfbtlike to Sefrnum in anie one point,and therefore I thinke it better referred vnto the gum Succories, for the flowers haue the forme and colour of gum Succorie, and yceldeth the like milkie iuice. ft 1 he nature. The kinds of gum Succorie is like in temperature to the common Succorie, but fbmwhat drier. ef. The vertues. The iuice of gum Succorie taken with red and thicke wine and drunke,ftaieth the laske. The root and leaues tempered with honie are made vp intoTrocis or little flat cakes with niter or faltpeter added thereto,doth clenfe away the morphewe, fun burnings,and all fpots of the face. C The gum which is gathered from thebraunches whereof it tookehis name , laieth downe the flaring haires of the eie browes and ftich like places. D The gum powdered with myrrhe and put intoalinnenclothandapeflariemade thereoflikea finger, and put vp,bringeth downe the termes in yoong wenches and fuch like. E Thcfeedes of Zazmtha brought to powder andgiueninThedecreaflngoftheMoone to the quantitieofafpoonefull, taketh away wartes and fuch like excrefcencc in what part of the bodie fo- euer they be;the which medicine a ccrtaine Chirurgion of Padua did much vie, whereby he gained great films of money,as reporteth that auncient Phyfition Joachim us earner anus nowdiuing in No- remberg a famous citie in Germanic. P 2 Of W > »&■ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I 0/ ‘Dandelion. t Dens Leonti. Dandelion. Ckap.% o. 3 Dens Leonti Cichorizata, Succorie Dandelion, & The defeription. 1 Mr* He herbe which is commonly called Dandelion; doth fende foorth from the roote long | leaues deepely cut and gafhed in the edges like thole of wilde likcorie, butfmoother: vpon euerie ftalke llandeth a flower greater then that of Succorie 3 but double and thicke let togither, of colour yellowe and fweete in lmell 3 which is turned into a round dow- nie blowball, that is carded awaie with the winde. The roote is long 3 flender 3 full of milkieiuicc when any part of it is broken 3 as is the Endiue or Succorie 3 but bitterer in tafte then Succorie. 2 There is alio another kinde of Succorie which may be referred heereunto, whole leaues are long ,cut like thole of broade leafed Succorie: the ftalkes are not vnlike 3 being deuided into braun- ches as thole of Dandelion, but leller 3 vvhich alfo vanifheth into downe when the leedeis ripe» ha¬ iling a long and white roote. & The place. They are found often in medows neere vnto water ditches 3 as allb in gardens an$ in high waics much troden. The ttine. They flower molt times in the yeere 3 elpecially if the winter be notextreame colde. •?: The names. Thefe plants belong to the Succories, among which Theophrattm in his 7. bookenameth m-^ktov , Leonardus Fneb fits thinketh that Dandelion is Hedypnoti Flinij , of which he writeth in his 20. bopke 8. chapter, affirming it to be a wilde kinde of broade leafed Succorie, and that Dandeli¬ on is Taraxacon: but T'araxacon as <^Auieen teachcth in his 6 gi. Chapter is Garden Endiue, as Se~ raft#). HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 225? r^/Vmentioneth in his 143. chapter,who citing Vanias for a witnefleconcerning the faculties, fc t- teth downethefe words which pWa.fwriteth of Endiue and Succorie. Diuers of the later Phifiti- ens doalfo call it Dens Leonti or DandeIion:it is called in high Dutch fftalfcraUt: in low Dutch penenut t in French Pijpntit ou couronne deprettrt ,or Dent de ly on •* in Englifh Dandelion , and of diuers Pifteabed. ie The temperature and 'vertues. Dandelion is like in temperature to Succorie,that is to faie to wiide Endiue.lt is coIde,but it drf- eth more, and doth withall elenfe and open by realon o f the bitternes which it hath ioined with it : and therefore it is good for thole things for which Succorie is. Of Sowthistle. Chapel. # The kinds. "T 1 Here be two kindcs of Sowthiftles one tenderer and lofter: the other more pricking & wilder, whereof there be fundrie forts more founde by the diligence of the later writers, all which fhal be comprehended in this chapter,andeuery one be diftinguifhed with a feuerall defeription. 'T tfc The description. He pricklie Sowthiftle hath long broade leaucs cut very deepely euen to the middle ribbe, full offinall prickles roiindc about the edges fomethingharde and fharpe, with a rough and hollowc ftalke. The flowers ftande on the toppes of the braunches,confifting of many (mail torne leaues,{ingle and yellow of colour:and when the feede is ripe it turneth into dovvnc,and is carried away with the winde.The whole plant is full of a white milkie iuice. 2 The ftalk of hares lettuce or fmboth Sowthiftle,is oftentimes a cubite high,edged Si hollow,of 2 pale colour and fomtimes reddifh. The leaues be greene,broad, fet round about with deepe cuts or gafhesfmooth and without prickles. The flowers ftande at the top of the braunches yellow of co¬ lour, which are caricd away with the winde when the feede is ripe. I Sonchus a [per. Prickly Sowthiftle. 2 Sonchus L<tuti. Hares Lettuce. 3 SonehUs ) <•> A A THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Sonchtu Uuii latifolim' Broad leafed Sowthiftle. 4 ScmlmslMujlore alba. White flowred Sowthiftle, 3 Broade leafed Sowthiftle hath a Iong,thicke and milkie roote,as is all the reft of the plant,with many firings or fibres: from the which commeth foorth a hollowe ftalke braunched or deuided in¬ to fundric fedlions. The leaues be great, fmooth,fharpe pointed and greene of colour: the (lowers be white in fhape like the former. 4 White flowred Sowthiftle is like vnto the Iaft before defcribed, failing that the whole plant is far greater; the leaues broadcr,and the rootes with many more tangled firings,which efpecially fet- tcth foorth the difference. 5 Snowe white Sowthiftle hath many large leaues cut to the middle rib 3 fharpc pointcd:the ftalke thickc and hollowe, whereupon do growe flowers ofthe colour of fnowe,which efpecially maketh the difference from the laft defcribed. 6 This blew flowred Sowthiftle is the greatefc of all the reft ofthe kindes, refembling the garden Hndiue as well in leaues as in colour of the flowers. The whole plant yecldethmilkeasall the reft doe. 7 Tree Sowthiftle hath a very great, thicke and harde roote,fet with a fewehairicthreddes:from which rifeth a ftrong and great ftalke of awooddic flibftauncej fet with long leaues not vnliketo Languedebeefe, but more deepely cut about the edges: vpon which do growe faire double yellow flowers which turneinto downe and are caricd away with the winde. The whole plant is poffeft with fuch milkie iuice as arc the tender and hearby fowthiftles, which certainly fheweth it to be a kiude thereof 3 otherwifc it mighthaue been referred to the Haukcvvecdcs, whereuute in face and fhew it is like. 8 The woode Sowthiftle hath many fibrous rootes, from the which fpring many branched ftalk« the lower leiues are like vnto the wilde colewoortin lhewe and fafhion: the flowers growe at the top yellow and downic,as arc the reft offbwthiftlcsc 5 Somhm HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 231 5 Sonchtu flore niueo, 6 Sonchza (hvc c£Tu!cj. Snowe white Sowthiftle. Blew fiowreci SowthrfHe. 232 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The place. Thefe kinds of Sowthiftles do grovve wiide in paftures 3 medowes 3 woods 3 and marfhes necrc the fea, and among pot herbes. The nee Sowthiftle I haue not as yet feene 3 and may be counted a ftranger in Englifh gardens or elfe where in thefe Northerne and colde regions. ft The time . They flower inlune 3 luly 3 Auguft 3 and fometimes later. it The names. Sowthiftle is called in Greeke aiy^t -‘in Latine Sonchtioi diners CicerbitaJla5tuccUa>‘M\& Lacterones: ^Apuleius calleth it Laffuca Leporim, or Hares Thiflle, offome Brafttca leponna 3 or Hares Cole- woort: the Englifh names are fufficiently touched in their feuerall titles: in Dutch it is called |)a* f£tt 5L attottmc X rhe French Palays de lieure. ft The temperature. The Sowthiftles 3 as Galen writeth 3 are ofa mixt temperature; for they confift of a watry &earthic fubftance,colde and likewife binding. ft The vertues. A Whileft they are yetyoong and tender they are eaten as other potherbes are 3 but whether they be eaten or outwardly applied in maner of a pultus they euidently coole: therefore they be good for all inflammations dr hot fwellings if they be laide thereon. B Sowthiftle giuen in broth 3 taketh away the gnawings of the ftomack proceeding of an hot caufc, and increafe milke in the breafts of nurfes, caufing- their children whom they nurfe to haue a good colour 3 and of the feme vertue is the broth if it be drunken. C The iuice of thefe herbes doth coole and temper the heate of the fundament and priuie parts. Of Haukpveede. Qhap.yi. ft The kindes. H Aukeweedeis alfoa kinde of Succorie, of which Diofcorides maketh two forts, and the later writers mo 3 the which fhall be defcribed in this chapter following 3 where they fhallbediftin- guifhed as well with feuerall titles as fundrie deferiptions. I Hieractum maiusD tofcoridii , Great Haukeweede. 2 Hieracium minus Diojcoridu. Small Haukeweede. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. # The defeription. 1 > » i*h He great Haukeweede hath large and long Ieaues fpread vpon the grounde, in fhape like ■ thole of the milke Thiftle. The ftalke growerh to the height of two cubits braunched in¬ to fundrie armes or diuifions,hollo we within as the yoong kexe, reddiili of colour: where- vpon do grow yellow flowers thicke and double, which turne into downe that flieth awaie with the winde when the feede is ripe.The roote is thicke,tough and threddie. 2 The final Haukeweede which of mod writers hath beene taken for yellow Diuels bit, hath long Ieaues deepely cut about the edges,with fomc fharpe roughnefle thereon like vnto Sowthiftle. The ftalkes and flowers are like the former, the roote is compaft of many final firings with a final knob, or as it were the flumpe of an olde roote in the middle of thofe flringes,cut or bitten off, whereupon it tooke his name Diuels bit. 3 Hterncium nigrum. Blackc Haukeweede. 4 Hieracium Leporinum . Hares Haukeweede. 3 Blacke Haukeweede hath very many long iagged Ieaues, not much vnlike to thofe of Buckes home, fpred flat and farre abroad vpon the grounde,which the picture cannot exprefle in fo little rootneas is requifite: among which rife vp many ftalkes {lender and weake, the flowers growing yellow at the top and verie double, with a threddie roote. 4 Hares Haukeweede hath many long iagged Ieaues,cut about the edges on both the fides like the teeth ofafawe, refembling very well the yellowe Diuels bit as well in Ieaues as rootes, failing that it hath no fuch knobbed bitten roote as it hath. The ftalke is hollowe, vveake and {lender: the flowers be like the former, but not fo double. 5 Succorie Haukeweede hath many long and large Ieaues fpread vpon the grounde,deepeIy cut on both Tides to the middle ribbe,from which rife vp fmall ftalkes and flowers like thofe of the lefle Dandelion,but leffer.The roote confifteth of many frnall threddie firings. 6 Endiues Haukeweede hath many broad Ieaues, endented about theedges very like vnto gar¬ den Endiue: but narrower among which rife vp ftalkes a foote high,flender and brittle. The flowers growe yellowe at the top, double and thicke fet in a fcaleyhuske like the Knap-weedc or Iacea, ha- uing great 3 t’nicke and threddie roote. 5 Hieracium 234 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 liter tic turn Aphacoides. Succorie Haukeweede. 6 Hieracium inty bticeum* Endiues Haukeweede. 7 Hieracium longim radio at um. Long rooted Haukeweede. 8 HierAcium a d erum. Sharpe Haukeweede. HI S T O R I E OF PLANTS. ; : 235 ft The dejcriftion. j I ^ ‘ . 7 Long rooted Haukeweede hath many broade leaucs fpred vpon the ground, (lightly andcon- fufcdly indented about the edges,not vnlike to Endiue Haukcwcede.-among which leaues fpring vp (Iron? and tough ftalkes a foote and halfe high,fet on the top with faire double flowers, yellow and like vnto Pifleabed. The rootc is very long,white and tough. 8 Sharpe Haukewcedc hath leaues like to thofe ofLangucdcbeefe or Oxetoong,fharpe about the edges and rough in the middle. The ftalkes be long and (lender, fet with the like leaues, butlefler; the flowers grow at the top double, and ycllowe af colour.-the roote is tough and threddie. 5? HieractumfalcAttpn L’Obeli }. Crooked Haukeweede. I o Hieracium [atifolium. Broade leafed Haukcwecdeo P Crooked or falked Haukeweede hath Ieaueslikc vnto the garden Succoric,(lightly endented on both fides, with tender, weake,and crooked ftalkesj wherupon do grow foolilh idle flowers of a bleake or pale yeliowc colour,and the roote fmall and threddy. 10 The broade leafed Haukeweede hath broade long leaucs, rough and deepely endented to¬ ward the ftalke,re(embling the leaues of the greateft Sowthiftle. The ftalke is hollowc and fpungi- ous.full of a milkie iuice as is the reft of the plant,as alfo all the other of his kinde: the flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes double and ycllowe. 11 The great mountaine Haukeweede with broade leaues, groweth vp in forme of leaues and fta- turc to Golden rod or Virga aurea. The (talksbe fat,hollowe and full of milke:the flowers growe at the top double and yeliowc of colour. The roote is (mall and threddie.. There is a (mail mountaine Haukeweede hauing leaues like vnto the former, but more deepely cut about the edges and fharper pointed •, the ftalkes are tender and weake the flowers be double and yeliowc like thofe of Pilolella or great moufe-earej the roote is (malltmd threddie, ft The 2 S 6 the second booke of the I x Hier'icium montanum latifolium. Great leaued mountaine Haukeweede. i The place. Thefe kindes of herbes do growe in vntoiled places neere vnto the borders ofcome fieldes, in medowes 3 highwaies, woodes, mountaines and hillie places 3 and neere to the brinks of ditches. it The time. They flower for the moft part all the fommer long 3 fome fooner and others later. it The names. Thefe plants are al conteined vnder the name of Hieraciwn: which is called in Grecke alfb liippMOV; diners name it in Latine Accipitrina , which is ter¬ med in French Cichor eetaulne : in Englifh Hauke- weede. Thefe herbes tooke their name from a Haukc, which is called in Latine t^Accipiter, and in Greek for they are reported to cleere their fight by conueying the iuicc heereofinto their eies. Gapx calleth it Poreellia 3 for it is numbred among the Succories 3 they are called alfoz^- puca. Yellowe Haukeweede is called offome Morfta diabohjox yellow Diuels bit,for that the roote doth very well referable the bitten or cropt roote of the common Diuels bit 3 being like Scabious. it The nature. The kindes of Haukeweede are coldeanddrie, and fomewhat binding. it The verities. They are in vertue and operation like to Sonchns or Sowthiftle 3 and being vfed after the fame mi¬ ner, be as good to all purpofes that it doth ferue vnto. They be good for the eie fight 3 if the iuice of them be dropped into the eies,efpecially that that is called Diuels bit 3 which is thought to be the beft and of greatefl force. Therefore as Diofcorides writeth,itis good for an hot ftomacke 3 and for inflammations if it be laid vpon them. The herbe and roote being ftamped and applied 3 is a remedie for thofe that be flung of the fcor- pion,which eifed not onely the greater Haukeweedes 3 but the leffer ones alfo, do performe. Of Clufm Haukeweede s. Qbap.y r it The kindes. T Herc be likewife a greater fort or kinde of Hauke wcedes,which Carolw Clufitu hath let foorth in his Pannonickeobferuations,refembling the kindes of Scorzxnera, or vipers Grafle, where¬ unto they are very like $ the which likewife require a particular chapter, for that they do differ in forme very notablie. it The description. X firftof clufius his Haukeweeds hath great broad leaues fpred vpon the ground 3 fbmwhat I hairie about the edges 3 oftentimes a little iagged 3 alfo foft as is the leafe of Mullen or Hig- taper 3 and fometimes dafhtheere and there with fome blacke fpots 3 in fhape like the garden Endiuc/ullofamilkie iuice : among which rifeth vp athickehollowe flalkeof acubite high,deui- ding it felfe at the top into two or three braunches, whereupon do grow fweet fmelling flowers not vnlike HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 237 vnlike to thofe of yellowc S.uccorie, fet or placed in a blacke hoarie and woollie cup or huske,of a pale bleak yellow eolou^which turneth into a downie blowebal that is caried away with the winde: the rooce entereth deepe' into the ground,of the bignes of a finger,full of milke 3 and couer^d with a thicke blacke barke. 2 The fecond fort of great Haukewcede according to my computation, and the 5.of Clujiw , hath leaues like the former, that is to faie, foft and hoarie, and as it were couered with a kinde of wool- linefle or hairinefle, bitter in tafte,of an inche broade, narrower and longer then the former. The (hike is a foote high, whereupon dogrowe yellowe flowers like thofe of Goates>beard or Trago- pogon, which are caried away with the winde when the feede is ripe. The roote is blacke and full of milkie iuice,and hath certaine white firings annexed thereto. I Hteraciumprimum clufit. The fir A: Haukewcede oiclufim. 2 Hier/icium 5. CiuJU. Clujiushis 5.kindof Haukeweede, } T . h,s k ,n( * °f Haukeweede h; ith blacke rootes a finger thicke, full of milkie iuice, deepely thruft in to t. e groiindjwith fo me fmal. I fibres belonging thereto: from which come vp many long leaues 1 * * 1 ? aQ mCi C 01 mol e broad,co tiered with foft downie or hairie leaues,of an ouerworne ruflet co- ° Lh ' 2 - non gft leaues come vp naked hard ftaIkes,wherupon do grow yellow flowers fer in winde XlG CU ^ e ° r c ^ a ^ ce 3 w fil< : h is turned into downe and caried away with his feede by the 4 The feuemh Haukeweede hath a great thick roote not deepely thruftinto the ground, but lying a ongyn^er the vpper cruft of the earth ,fome what bunched vp in the middeft, with many firings e on gmg thereto: from which rife long leaues lomewhat indented about the edges with Height mp.,, n°t vnhke to the leaues ofyellowe Diuels bit,hoarie, hairie and foft as arc the others prece¬ de. ie aike is hollowe,foft a. nd fpungie;the flowers be ycllowc and double as the other. 3 Hkracim 93 S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Mfcr&cium 6. Clufii. 4 Hieracium 7. Clujii. Cfajita his 6 . Haukeweede. Clufm his 7. Haukeweede. The place. Thele kindes ofHaukewcede according to the report of clufim do growe in Hungarie and Au« ftrich,and in the graflie drie hils and herbie, and barraine Alpifh mountaines andfuch like places: notwithftanding if my memorie faile me not I haue lee ne them in liindrie places ofEngland,which I meane God willing better to obferuc heerafter.as oportunitie fhalllerueme. # The time. He faith they flower from Maie to Auguft.at what time the feede is ripe. ieThe names. The authour himlelfe hath not laide more then heere is let downe as touching the names, lo that it fhallfuffice what hath nowebeenefaide, referring the handling thereof to a further conli- deration. The nature and vertues. I finde not any thing at all let downe either of their natures or vertues, and therefore I for- bcare to faic any thing elfe of them as a thing not necelfarie to write any experiment vpon my owne conceit and imagination. Of Lettuce . Chap.y j.. ie The kindes. HH Here arc according to the opinion of the auncients, ofLettuce two forts the one wilde or of ^ the fielde,the other tame or of the garden; but time with the induftrie of later writers hauc Fotinde out others both wilde and tame,as allb artificiall s which I purpole to laie downe. I Lift USA HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *39 I LaEttUA fatiua. Garden Lettuce. 2 LaBuca cri(j>a. Curled Lettuce; ^ The defer if tion. 1 Arden Lettuce hath a lbtig broade Ieafe, fmooth and ofa light greene colour: the flalke I y is rounde, thicke fet with leaues full ofmilkie iuice,bufhed or braunched at the top: wher- upon do growe yellowifh flowers which turne into downe that is caried away with the winde. The feede fticketh fall vnto the cottonie downe and flieth away likewife, white of colour &: fomewhatlong. The rootehath hanging on it many long tough firings, which being cut or broken do yeelde foorth in like maner as doth the flalke and leaues,a iuice like to milke. And this is the true defeription ofthe naturall Lettuce and not of the artificial!: for by manuring, tranfplanting, and ha¬ wing regarde to the moone and other circumflances$ the leaues of the artificial! Lettuce be often¬ times transformed into another fhape :fdr either they are curled, or elfe fo drawne togither,as they feeme to be like a cabbage or headed colewoort, and the leaues which be within and in the midft, arc fomthing white tending to a very Iightyellowe. 2 The curled Lettuce hath great and large leaues, deepely cut or gafhed on both the fides, not plaine or fmooth as the former, but intricately curled and cut into many fedlions. The flowers are fmal,of a bleake colour,the which do turne into downe and is caried away with the winde.The feed is like the former,fauing it changeth fomtime into blackneffe with a roote like the former. 3 This frr.all fort of curled Lettuce hath many leaues, hackt and torne in peeces very conftifedly, and withall curled in fuch an admirable fort', that euery great leafe feemeth to bee made of many fmall leaues fet vpon one middle ribbe, refemblingafanne of curled feathers vfed among gentle¬ women. The flowers,rootes,and feede agree with the former. 4 The Sauoie Lettuce hath very large leaues fpread vpon the grotindc, at the firfl comming vp broade,cut,orgafht about the edges,crifpingor curling lightly this or that way, notvnlike to the leaues of garden Endiue,with ftalks, flowers andfeedes like the former,as wel in fhape as yeelding that milkie iuice wherewith they do all abound. 3 LaffucA THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i 3 LttZiucn crifya alter*. Small curled Lettuce. 4 Laffuca Saubaudica crijfa. Sauoie Lettuce. 5 Laciucdcafitata. Cabbage Lettuce. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 24* 5 Cabbage Lettuce hath many plaine and fmooth leaues at his firft growing vp, which for the moft part lie flat ftill vpon the groundc; the nest that doe appeere are thole leaues in the middle, which tume themftliies togither itnbracing eche other fo elofely, that it is formed into that globe or round head, whereof the fimpleft is not ignorant. The leedeheereof is black , contrary to all the ieft,which may be as it were a rule whereby yee may knowe the ftedc of Cabbage Lettuce from the other forts. 6 TheLumbard Lettuce hath many great leaues,fpred vpon the grounde like vntothofe of the garden Endiuc, but leffer. The ftalkes rife vp to the height of three footerthe flowers be yellowifh, which turne into downe and flie away with the winde: the ftede is white as fnowe. •Sc The place. Lettuce delighteth to growers Palladium faith, in a manured,fat 3 moift, and dunged grounded muft be fowen in faire weather in places where there is plentie of water as Columella faith, and pro- lpereth beft if it be fowen very thinne. •Ze The time . It is certaine faith Palladia fhzt Lettuce may well be fowen at any time of the yeere,but efpeci- ally at euery firft fpring,and fo foone as winter is done,till fommer be well fpent. •fe The names. Garden Lettuce is called in Latin Laffucafatiua-.Galen nameth it9e«Awy«:the Pythagorias iwov^ovi the apothecaries Laftttcoyk Latteo fucco, as the Latines doe, of the milkie iuice which iflueth foorth j of the wounded ftalkes and rootes; the Germaines name it 3L attICf) X the lowe Dutch & flt£0U&£ l \ the Spaniardes Lechiiga and Alface: theEnglifh Lettuce:and the French Laiffue .When the leaues of this kinde are curled or crompled,it is named of Plinie Laffuca crij}a , and of Columella, Lacluco Ceciliana: in Englifh curld or crompled Lettuce. The Cabbage Lettuce is commonly called Laffnca capitata^nd Lacluca Jeftlis , Plinie nameth it Lattuca Lacontca: Columella Latfuca Batica-Petrus Crefcentius^Laciuca Romano ,: in Englifh Cabbage Lettuce and Loued Lettuce. There is another fort with reddifh Ieaues,called of Columella Latfuca Cypria: in Englifh red Let¬ tuce. ^ The temperature. Lettuce is a colde andmoift pothcrbe,yet notm the extreme degree ofcolde or moifture,but al- togither moderately,for otherwift it were not to be eaten. ZeThe vertues. Lettuce cooleth a hot ftomacke,called the hart burning; and helpeth it when it is troubled with A choler: it quencheth thirft,caufeth fleepe,maketh plentie of milke in nurfts, who through heate & drineftedogrowebarraineanddrieofmilkerforitbreedcth milke by tempering thedrinefle and heat. But in bodies that be naturally colde,it doth not ingender milke at all, but is rather an hinde* rance thereunto. Lettuce maketh a pleafantfallade,being eaten rawe with vineger,oile, and a little fait: butifitbe B boiled it is fooner digefted,and nourifheth more. It is ftrued in thefe daics,and in theft countries at the beginning offuppcr,and eaten firft before C any other meate,which alfo Martialis teftifieth to be done in times paft , marueiling why fome did vie it for a feruice at the ende offupper,in theft verft s: Claude re qua ccends Lattuca folebat auorum 3 Die mihiyur noHras inchoat ilia dapes? Notwithftanding it may now and then be eaten at both thofc times to the health of the bodic: D for being taken before meate it doth many times ftir vp appetite: and eaten after fupper it keepetn away drunkennes which conyneth by the wine; and that is by reafon that it ftaieth the vapors from rifing vp into the head. The iuice which is made in the veines by Lettuce is moift and coldest not ill nor much in quan- £ titie: Galen affirmeth that it doth neither binde the belly nor loofe it, for it hath in it no barfhnefte nor ftiptike qualitie by which the belly is ftaied, neither is there in itanyfharpe or biting facultie, which fcoureth and prouoketh to the ftoole. But howfoeuer Galen writeth this, and howfoeuer the fame wanteth thefe qualities,yet it is found F by experience that it maketh the body foluble,efpecially if it be boiIed,for by moiftning of the belly Q^i it THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it maketh it the more flipperie, which Martidti very well knewe writing in his n .booke ofEpf grams in this maner, Prim a tibi dub it nr, ventri Lift tic a mouendo-— Vtilis G Lettuce being outwardly applied mittigateth all inflammations: it is good for burnings and fcaldin^s ifit be laide thereon with fait before the blifters do appeere, as Plinie writeth. H TheTuiceof Lettuce cooleth and quencheththe naturallfeedeif itbe too much vfed 3 but pro- curcth fleepe. Of Lamhes Lettuce >or Come fallade. Chap. 55 . 1 Ldclnca Agnina. Lambes Lettuce. 2 Laffuca Agninalat / folia. Corne fallade. & The description. z »-p* He plant which is commonly called Olm album, or the white potherbe ( which of fopio 1 hath beetle let out for a kinde of Valerian 3 but vnproperly, for that it doth very notablic re- femble the Lettuce as well in forme as in mcate to be eaten 3 which property is not to bee founde in Valerian, and therefore by reafbn and authoritie I place it as a kinde of Lettuce with this name,Lambes Lettuce)hath many (lender weake (hikes trailing vpon the grounde, with certaine edges,a foote high when it groweth in moft fertillgroundc,otherwife a hand or two high, with fiin- drie ioints ot knees: out of euerie one whereof grow a couple of leaues narrowe and long,not vnlike to Lettuce at the flrft commingvp, as well in tenderneffe as tafle in eating: and on the top of the (lalkes ftande vpon a broadc’tuft as it were certaine white flowers, that be maruellous little, which canfcarfeiie beknownctobe flowers, fauingthatthey growc many togither like a tuftorvmble: it hath in deeded rootes a fewc (lender threds like vnto haires. 2 The other kinde of Lettuce which Dodonam in his lad Edition fetteth foorth vnder the name of alburn olm, the lowe countrey men call it 3 and vfe it for their meate called Wermofe, and with vs Loblollie. This plant hath {mail long leaues a finger broade, ofa pale greens colour, among t HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 243 amon^ which fhooteth vp a final cornered and (lender ftemme halfe a foote high pointed with two or three ioints or knees,out ofwhich proceede two leaues longer then the firft, bearing at the top ofthebraunches tufts of very (mail white flowers clofely compad togither , with a roote like the former. ft The place. Thefe herbes do growc wilde in the come fieldes 5 and fince it hath growne in vfe among the French and Dutch ftrangers 3 in England it hath beene fowen in gardens as fallade herbes. ft The time. They are found greene alrnoft winter and fommer. ft The names. The Dutch men do call it that is to faic olus' of (bme it is named dcItCtOfU in Gieeke : in Englifh the White potherbe, fo called for that there is a blacke pot- herbe, which is called Alifander; the Latines Lattuat agnina. ft The temperature and vertues. This herbe is colde and (omthing moift,and not vnlike in facultie and temperature to the garden Lettuce, in fteede whereof in winter and in the firft monthes of the fpringeit femes for a fallade herbe,andiswithpkafureeatenvvithvineger,falt,andoile,asotherfallades be, amongwhich it is none of the woorft. Qf Colewoorts. Qbap.^6. ft The kinds. 'T , \/(?/cflr/^maketh two kinds of Coletvoorts: the tame & the wilde:but Theophrajlm maketh mo kindes heereof, the ruffed or curled Cole; the (inooth Cole; andthcvyildc Cole: Cato imita¬ ting TheophraUusfc tteth downe alfo three Colewoorts : the firft he deferibeth to be fmooth,great, broade leafed,with abigge ftalke: the fecondc ruffed: the thirde with little ftalkes, tender.and very much biting.The fame diftimftion alio Plinic maketh in his ao.booke 5).chapter where he faith,that the moft auncient Romaines haue deuided it into three kindes :the firft ruffed; the fecond fmooth; and the thirde which is properly called x-c/pfin, or Colewoort: and in his 19. booke he hath alfo ad¬ ded to thefe other moe kindes,that is to faie, T rtttanum , Cumanum , Pompeianum^Erutianum^Sahel- ItcumJU Lacuturrium. The Herbarifts ofour time haue Iikewife obferued many forts, differing either in colour or clfe in forme: other headed with the leaues drawen togither;moft of them white;fome of a deepe greene; fome fmooth leafed; and others curled or ruffed, differing iikewife in their ftalkes, as Hull bee ex- preffedin their feueralldefcriptions. ft The defeription. 1 He Garden Colewoort hath many great broad leaues,of a deepe blacke greene colour, mixed with ribbes and lines of reddifh and white colours. The ftalke groweth out of the middeft from among the leaues, braunched with fundrie armes, bearing at the top little yellowe flowers: and after they be paft there do fucceede long cods full of rounde feede like tbofe or the Turnep, but (mailer, with a woodic roote hairing many firings of threds faftned thereto. 2 There is another Iefter fort then the former with many deepe cuts onbothfides, euen to the middeft of the ribbe, and very much curled and ruffed in the edges; in other things it differeth not. 3 The red kind of Colewoort is Iikewife a Colewoort of the garden, and differeth from the con> monin thecolour of his Ieaues,which tende vnto rednefle, othewi (every like. 4 There is alfofoundc accrtainc kinde heereof with the leaues wrapped togither into a rounde head or globe, whole head is white of colour efpecially toward winter when it is ripe. The roote is barde: and the ftalke ofa woodic fubftaunce. QJ llJK . t Erafica 244 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Brdftca vulgar itfatiua. Garden Colewoort. 2 Brajftcafatiua criffa. Curld garden Cole. g Brafiicarubra. Red Golewoort. 4 Brapea cafitata alba. White cabbage Cole. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. J Bra(ska Cap it at a rubra. t Red cabbage Cole. 6 Brajsica P atuLu Open cabbage Cole. •45 7 Brafizca prolifer a. Double Colewoort. ; 4 5 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 There is another fort of Cabbage or loued Colewoort, which hath his leaues wrapped togither into a rounde head or globe, yet Idler then that of the white Cabbage,and the colour of the leaues of a lighter red then thofe of the former. 6 The open lotied Colewoort hath a very great hard or woodie ftalke, whereupon do grow verie large leaues of a white greene colour,and fetvvith thicke white ribbes,and gathereth the reft pf the leaues clofely togither , which be lefler then thofe next the grounde $ yet when it commeth to the fhutting vp or doling togitheigit rather dilateth it felfe abroade thenclofeth al togither. 7 Double Colewoort hath many great & large leaues, wherupon do grow hcere and there other (mail lagged leaues, as it were made of ragg ed fhreds and iagges fet vpon the fmooth leafe, which giuethfheweofa plume or fanne offeathers. In ftalke, roore, and euery other part befidesit doth agree with the garden Colewoort. 8 The double crifpe or curled Colewoort agreeth with the laft before deferibed in euery refpeift, onely it diifereth in the leaues,w’hich are lo intricately curled,and fo thick fet oner with other fmall cut leaues,that it is hard to fee any part of the leafe it felfe 3 except yee take and put afide fome of thofe iagges and ragged leaues with your hande. 5> Brafiicaflorsda. lo Brafeca Tophofi. Cole Florie. Swolen Colcwoorte. p Cole Florie, or after fome Coliefiorie, hath many large leaues flcightly endented about the edges, of a whitifh greene colour, narrower and (harper pointed then Cabbage: in the middeft of which leaues rifethvp a great white head of hard flowers clofely thruft togither, with a rootc full of firings -,in other parts like vnto the Colewoorts. j o The fwolen Colewoort of al other is the ftrangeft,which I receiued fro a worfhipfull merchant of Londo mafter JS{ichoUs Let e,who brought the feeds therofoiit of Fraunce^who is greatly in lone with rare and faire flowers and plants,for which he doth carefully fend into Syria, hauing a feruant there at Alepo and in many other countries, for the which my felfe and likewife the whole Iande are much bound vnto. This goodly Colewoort hath many leaues ofablewifh greene, orofthe colour historie of plants. i47 II Braflica Sabauda, Sauoie Cole. 12 Br dfeic/t Sxbauda crifjhi. Curled Sauoie Cole. though they woulde embrace one another to make a Joued Cihh tbc ™k Iues v P war des as Shutting vp they ftande at a ftaie,and rather fhewe themfelues wiJrF’ but , whe !? the V come to the githerjm other refpedts it is like vnto the Cabbage. ° pen then fllu£ an y ncer ^ to- . dofomivhatcurie orcrif^about'themTddl^ the ' eal!< j sheereof 13 This kinde rfColevvoort hath veri?Celeaue s <W^ 1 * T” “ kinde defctibed - face refembling great and ranke nerflev iAirh e P eI y la gged euen to the middle ribbe, in flowers and feeds not ynlike. curious cutting and lagging of the Ieaues, in (hike, 0^4 *3 BraJftcA !i 15 % THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 13 Bra fie a Selim fa. Parity Golewoorti 15 Brafiica marina Anglic a. Englifn lea Coiewoorts. 14 Brafica felinoides. Pine cut Colewoort, 1 6 Brafica marina[ylueftrU* Wilde lea Colewooits. HIST OKIE OF PLANTS. 2j.9 l 5ea Colevvoort hath large and broade leaues very thicke and curled, and fo brittle that they mnot be handled without breaking, ofa deepe ouerworne greene colour tending tograineftc: nong which rife vp ftalkes two cubits high ^bearing fmall pale flowers at the top 3 which being paft iere follow rounde knobs wherein is conteined one round feede and no mare 3 blacke of colour 3 of 1 e bignefleof a tare or fetch. „ The wilde Colewoort hath long broad leaues notvnlike to the tame Colewoort 3 butleirer 3 as all the reft of the plant,and is of his owne nature wilde, and therefore not fought after as a me ate; jut is fbwen and husbanded vpon ditch bankes and fuch like places for the feede fake 3 by which of- ntiines great gaine is gotten. i: 'the place. The greateft fort of Colewoorts do grow in gardens,& do lone afoilc which is fat and through- 1 j dunged & well manured: they do beft profper when they be remooued 3 and euery of them grow i our Englifh gardens except the wilde,which groweth in ficldes and newe digged ditch banks. The fea Colewoort groweth naturally vpon the bay^ he and brimmesof the lea 3 where there is 10 earth to be feene, but fande and row ling pebble ftones 3 which thofe that dwell neere the fea do all Bayche.I founde it growing betweene Whytftable and the He of Thanet neere the brincke of he fea 3 and in many places neere to Colchefter and elfewhere by the fea fide. it the time. Petrus Creflentius faith that the Colewoort may be fbwen &: rcmootied at any time of the yeere, vhofeopinion Ialtogithermiflike. Itis fbwen inthefpring, as March 3 Aprill, and oftentimesin Vlaie 3 and fometimes in Auguft 3 but the efpeciall time is about the beginning of September. The Colewoort 3 faith Columella 3 muft be remoued when it hath attained to fixe leaues after it is come vp from feede 3 the which muft be done in AprillorMaie 3 efpeciallv thofe that were fbwen in Autumne 3 which afterwarde flourifh in the winter moneths-y ^K what time they are fitted: for jmeate. * , t * f'' • *’■**' “ y ^ V s - But the SauoieCoIe, and the Coleflorey muftbefowenin Aprillinabedof hothorfedung, and couered with ftrawe or fuch like,tokeepe it from the cold & froftie mornings; and when ichath. gotten fixe leaues after this fbrt 3 then fhallyou remooue him as aforefaid, otherwife if you tarrie for temperate weather before you fowe 3 the yeere will be fpent before it come to ripenefle. it the names. Euery of the Colewoorts is called in Greek by D/ofcorldeszyid Galen W/u£»: it is alfo called W?, fo named,not onely bicaufe it driueth away drunkennefle 3 but alfo for that it is like in colour to the pretious ftone called the Amethyft 3 which is ment by the fhft or garden Colewoort. The Apothe¬ caries & the common Herbariftes do call it Caulis^ of the goodnefle of the ftalke: in the Germaine toongitis called il^OOlC httlllt f in French desChoux : in Englifh Coleworts. Coleflorey is called in Latine B rape a Cypria 3 and Cauliflora ', in Italian Cxulifiore : it feeineth to agree with BraptcaPompeianaoiPlinie^hQttoihz writethinhis i^.booke and 8. chapter. it the temperature. All the Colewoorts haue a drying and bindingfacultie, with acertaine nitrous or faltqualitie 3 whereby it mightily clenfeth 3 either in the iuice or in the broth thcrof. The whole fubftaunceor bo- dicofthe Colewoort is of a binding anddrieng facultie 3 bicaufe itleauethinthe decodion this fialtqualitie which lieth in the iuice and waterie part thereof: the water wherein it is firft boiled draweth to itfelfe all that qualitie \ for which caufe the decodion thereof loofeth the belly 3 as doth alio the iuice of it if it be drunke: but if the firft broth in which it was boiled be caft away 3 then doth the Colewoort drie and binde the belly. But it yceldeth to the bodie fmall nourifhment 3 and doth not ingender good blood 3 but a grolle and Melancholickc. The white Cabbage is beft next vn- to the Cole-flourey ; yet Cato doth chiefly commend the rufledCole 3 blithe knewe neither the white ones 3 nor the Cole-flourey: for if he had 3 his cenfure had beene otherwife. it the vertices. Diofcoridcs teacheth that the Colewoort being eaten is good for them that haue dimmeeies, A and that are troubled with the fhakingpaifie. The fame author affirmeth, that if it be boiled and eaten with vineger it is a remedie for thofe B that be troubled with the fpleene. It is reported that the rawe Colewoort being eaten before meate 3 doth preferue a man from C drunkennefle 3 thereafonisyedded 3 forthatthereisanaturallenmitie betweene it and the vine: which 250 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE which is fuch as if it growe neere vnto it, foorthwith the vine Derifhcrh o,„t. .1 t. wme he poured vnto it-rvliM it is in boiling.it will not be anymore boiled and Ihccolour' the” 1 '! <]LHte altered; as CafmimApjonyfarimnfis do write in their bookes of tiflape: yet cloth not Jti woort VCr£ ‘ ,e ° r 1Ulng Way drankc "" e *‘° theleaues, but to the feedcsof C* D ^^‘^^thb^Ieymerie^iid^d'vponthfmwhhl'alt^ anc^alftTbreakccarbuncles 6 ^ 111 ^ 5 * beafts'! 16 bel l' C k °l u ^ e: ^nd being dnmke with wine <t is a remccfc agahift the bitingof venemous F ttlJcirrrXSldc^d^ulf v!« r : he F—S-ekc, tttketh aevety the paine of c^goue land G dow,ti" H deSr tCth ’ thM thC iUiCemiXCtllV,thlvine “dropped into the eares is a remedie againft be healed by any other meanes, if they be waihed therewith. 10 Gtee ^ e C * retn ‘ m ‘ t ‘‘> which cannot Of%apeCok . Chappy* it The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ' 25 i The de fcripthn. He firft kindeof Rape Cole hath one Angle long roote, garnifhed with many threddie ftrings: from which rifeth vp a great thicke ftalke bigger then a great Cucumber or great Turnep: at the top whereof (hoote th foorth great broade leaues likevnto thoft of Cab¬ bage Cole. The flowers grow at the top on (lender (hikes compact of fower fmall yellow flowers, which being pad the ftede followeth incloftd in little long cods like the feede of Muftarde. a The fecond hath a long fibrous roote like vnto the precedent j the tuberous ftalke is very great and longjthrufting foorth in fomefewe places heere and there, fmall footeftalkes; whereupon doe growefrnoothleaues,(lightlyindentedabouttheedges, on the top of the long Turnep italic growe leane (hikes and flowers like the former. ic The place. They growe in ItaIy,Spaine,and (ome places of Germanie, from whence I haue receiued (cedes for my garden, as alfo from anhoneftand curious friende of mine called mafter Goocbnanax. the Minories neere London. & The time. They flower and flourifh when the other Colcwoorts do, whereofno doubt they are kinds, and mull be carefully fet and fowen as muske Melons and Cucumbers are. & The names. They are called in Latine Cauloraptm , & Rapocaulis , bearing for their (hikes as it were Rapes or Turneps jparticipating of two plants, the Colewoort and Turnep; whereof they tooke their names. *kThe temperature and vertues. There is nothing fet downe of the faculties of theft plants, but are accounted for daintie meate, contending with the Cabbage Cole in goodnefle and pleafant tafte, OfTSeetes. Qbap.fi. it T he defer ip tion . 1 He common white Beete hath great | broade Ieaues,fmooth andplaine .-from which rift thicke crefted or chamfered ftalks. The flowers grew along the (hikes cinde¬ ring togither,in (hape like little ftarres,which be¬ ing paft, there fuccedeth rounde and vneeuen pricklic feede.The roote is thicke,hard and great. 2 There is another fort like infhape and pro¬ portion to the former, (ailing that the leaues of this be ftraked heere and there confuftdly, which fttteth foorth the difference. 3 There is likewift another fort heereof that was brought vnto me from beyondetheftas by that courteous merchant mafter Lete before re- membred, the which hath leaues very great and red of colour,as is all the reft of the plant, as well roote as ftalkes and flowers, full of a perfedt pur~ pie iuice tending to rednefle : the middle ribbe of which leaues are for the mod part verie bread and thicke, like the middle part of the Cabbage leafe.whichis equall in goodnefle with the leaues of Cabbage being boiled. It grew with me 159 6 „ to the height of viij. cubites,and did bring foorth his rough and vneeuen feede very plentifully: with tthich plant nature doth fteme to plaie and (port Beta. Beetes. ■ 2<i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ' (port hirfelfe: for the feedcs taken from that plant which was altogithcr of one colour and fowen, doth bring foorth plants of many and variable colours, as the worfaipfull gentleman mafter/^« Nor den can very well teftifie, vnto whom I gaue fome of the feedes aforefaid,which in his garden brought foorth many other of beautifull colours. & The place. The Beete is fowenin gardensrit loueth to growe in a moift and fertill grounde. it The time. The fitteft time to (owe it is in the fpring: it flourifheth and is greene all fbmmer long, andlike- wile in the winter,and bringeth foorth his fecde the next yeere following. ifc The names. The Grrccianshaue named it 2ivTA«^T£r7-Aoi': the Latines ; the Gerfnaines 9 ?nit£ 0 ltJ the Spaniards ^Ajelgas: the French deU Poree , deslotes ^and Petes: TheophraHus faith that the white Beete is furnamed^Am), that is to laie Stcala , or of Sicilia rheereof commeth the name Sic!a, by which the Barbarians and moll of the apothecaries do call the Beete, the which worde we in Eng- lande do vie, taken from the fame. ^ The nature. The white Beets are in moifture and hcate temperate, but the other kinds arc drie,and al of them abfterfiue: fo that the white Beete is a colde & moift pothearbe, which hath ioined with it a certain fait and nitrous qualitie,by realbn whereof it clenleth and draweth flegme out of the nofthrils. # Thcvertnes. A Being eaten when it is boiIed,it quickly defcendeth,loofeth the bellie,& prouoketh to the ftoole, efpecialiy being taken with the broth wherein it was Ibdden: it nourifhcth little or nothing, and is not fo holfoine as Lettuce. B The iuice conueied vp in the nofthrils,doth gently drawc foorth flegme,and purgeth the head. C The great and beautifull Beete laft delcribed may be vied in winter for a lallade herbe with vine- ger,oile, and lalt,and is not onely pleafant to the tafte, but alio delightfull to the eie. D The great red Beete or Romaine Beete boiled and eaten with oile ,vineger and pepper is a moll excellent and delicate lallade: but what might be made of the red and beautifull roote (which is to be preferred before the leaues,as well in beautie as in goodnefte)! referre vnto the curious and cun¬ ning cookc, who no doubt when he hath had the view therof, and is allured that it is both good and holfome,will make thereof many and diners difhes bothfaire and good. OfBljtes . Chappy. •kThekindes. np Here be many forts of Elites differing in greatnefie and alfo in name 5 and likewile in colour j • * and yet one and of the felfc fame kinde/auing in fhe we and habite,and not in nature. *£ The defeription. 1 He great white Blite growcth three or fower foote high, with grayifh or white rounde i ftalks. The leaues are plaine andfmooth almoft like to tholeofthe white Orach,butnotfo loft nor mealie. The flowers grow thruft togither like thofe of Orach: after that commeth the feed incloled in little rounde flat huskie skins. 2 There is likewife another in our gardens very like the former,failing that the whole plant traileth vpon the ground. Theftalkes, braunchcs nor leaues are not reddifh at all. The feede is fmall and cluttering togither,greene of colour and like vnto thofe ofRuellius Ccronopw, or Buckes home. ? There is likewife found a thirde fort very like vnto the other,fauing that the ftalkes, branches, leaues ,and the plant is altogither of a greene colour. 4 There is likewife a fourth fort of Blites very fmooth and flexible like the reft, fauing that the leaues are reddifh, mixed with a darks greene colour, as is the ftalke and alfb the reft of the planr. / JSlitum . HIS TORI E OF PLANTS. 2 5 BlitiW. Blites. •ft The place. \ The Blites grow in gardens forthe moll part, although there be founde of them wilde manie times. k The time. They flourifh all the fommer long,and growe verie grecne in winter like wife. ‘hi he naves. It is called in Greeke ■■ in Latine Blitum: in Englifh Blite and Blites: in French Blites or B litres: qujdfex pjpuli ijs vefetur , it The nature. The Blite faith Galen in his fixtbookeof the faculties of limple medicines is a potherbe, which ferueth for meate,beingof a colde & moift temperature, and that chiefely in the feconoe de¬ gree. It yeeldeth to the body fmali nourifhment, as in his fecond book of the faculties of nourifh- ments he plainely fheweth: for it is one of the potherbes that be*OT*<*,vnfauory or without taftc 3 whofe fubftance is waterifh. •k Thevertues. The Blite doth nourifh little,and yet is ft to \ make the bellie lolublc though not vchement’ie, feeing it hath no nitrous or fharpe quality where¬ by die bellie flaoulde be prouoked. I haue heard many olde wines faie to their feruants, gather no Blites to put into my pottage; for they are not good for the cie fight: whence they had thofe words Iknowcnot, it may be offomc dodlor that ne- ucr went tofchoolc, for that I can finde no fuch thing vpon recorde, either among the olde or later writers. OffiovpcrCjentle, Chap./. j.o. •& The kindes. np Here be diuers fortsofflower Gentle, differing in many points verynotablie, as in greatnelTe ‘ *• and finalnefle;fbmc purple,and others of a fcarlet colour; and one aboue the red whetwith na¬ ture hath feemed to delight hirfelfe, elpeciallie in the leaues 3 which invariable colours doe ftriue with the Parrats feathers for beautie. k The deferipticn. i "Tv Vrple flower Gentle rifeth vp with a ftalke a cubite high, and fometime higher, ftraled or I-*' chamfrcd alongft the fame,often redefifh towarde ‘the roote and very ffnooth: which deui- deth it felfe toward the top into fmali braunches, about which ftande long leaues, broade fharpe pointed,foft,ftippefie, ofa grecne colour, and fomtimes tending to areddifh : in fteede o flowers come vp eares or fpokie tufrs,veriebruaetolooke vpon, but without ffnell; of a fhining light purple with a glofle like veluet,but farre paffing it,which when they are brufed do yeeld a mice almoft of the like colour, & being gachercd do keepe their beautie a long time after; infomuch that being fet in water it will reuiue againe as at the time of his gathering;, and remaineth fo many yeeres, whereupon likewife it hath taken his name. The feede ftandeth in the ripe eares,ofcolous: blacke and much glittering: the roote is fhort and full of firings. 3 The fecond fort of flower Gentle hath leaues like vnto the former: the ftalke is vpright with a fewe fmali {lender ftalks fet vpon it; among which do growe fmali clufters of fcaiey flowers, of an ouerworne fcarlet coiour.The feede is like the former. i i^fmarantbm P THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Armwanthm Purpuretu. Purple flower Gentle. 2 Aramunthutcoccinem . Scarlet flower Gentle. H ISTORIE OF PLANTS. 255 3 It farre cxqeedcth myskilto defcribe thebeauticandexcellencieof this rare plant called Flo- ' r amoves and I thinke the penfillofthemoft curious painter will be at a ftaie when he 'Tall come to fet him downe in his finely colours: but to colour it after my be ft maner this I faie, Floramor hath a thicke knobbicroote, whereupon do growe many threddie ftrings: from which rifeth vp a thicke ftalke,but tender and foft,which beginneth to deuide himfelfe into fundry branches at the ground and fo vpvvarde, whereupon do growe many leaues wherein doth confift his beautie: for in fevve words 3 eueryleafe doth refemble in colours the moft faire and beautifull feather of a Parra t, efpeci- ally thofe feathers that are mixed with moft fundrie colours, as a ftripe of red, and a line of yellow 3 a dafhe of white,and a ribbe ofgreene colour,which I cannot with words fet foorth,fuch is the fun- drie mixtures of colours that nature hath beftowed inhirgreateft iollitie vpon this flower : the flowers do growe betweene the footeftalkes of thofe leaues, and thebodieof the ftalkecr trunke bale,and of no moment in refped of the leaues,being as it were little chaffie husks of an ouerwom tawnie colour: the feede is blacke,and fhining like burnifhed home. 4 This plant hath a great many of threddesor ftrings, of which his rootes do confift. From which do rife vp very thicke, fat, and oileous ftalkes, crefted and ftraked, exceedingfinooth and of a fhining red colour, which beginne atthegroundeto diuide themfelues into braunches : whereupon do growe many great and large leaues of a darkegreene colour tending to rednefte, in fhewe like thofe of the red Beete, ftraked and dafht heere and there with red,mixed with green e. The flowers growe alongft the ftalkes, from the middeft thereof eucn to the top, in fhape likei>4- niettm , that is,a great number of chaffie confufed matter thruft harde togither, of a deepe purple co¬ lour. I can compare the fhape thereof to nothing fo fitly as to thevcluetheadofaStagge, com- pad of fuch foft matter as is the fame: wherein is the feede, in colour white, rounde, andbored through the middle. is The place. Thefe pleafant flowers are fowen in gardens,efpecially for their great beautie. i is The time. They flower in Auguft, and continue flowring til the froft doth ouertake them,at what time they perifh & muft be fowen the nextyeete again.But the Floramor would be fowen in a bed of hot horf- dung with fome earth ftrowed thereon in the end of March,and focouered with mats or fuch like in the night and laid to the fun in the day time;otherwife the winter wil approch before it commeth to perfedion,for that it is verv impatient ofour colde clymate. The right honorable the Lord Edward Zcw/'e gaue me the feedes thereof, the which brought fooi th their pleafant leaues , butperifhed before the feede was ripe,which chaunced for want of this inftru&ion. is The names. This plant is called in Greeke of Plinte bicaufe it doth not wither or waxe olde fin La- tine Amaranthm pur pure its jhzt it may differ from Elichryfn^ which is alfo called VTDV, whereof we will entreat heereafter in his place: in high Dutch Sg&aittattliUOUICHj £D3UfCltfCi)Q0Uj and Flo¬ ramor,taken from fome that haue called it Flos amor Iran Italian F/or velluto : in French Paffe velours: Rue Him tranflateth it Paffe tie lutumlm Englifh flower Gentle,purple Veluet flower,Floramor,and of fome flower Veltire. is Thetemperature. Moft of the later Pbifitions do attribute to flower gentle, but efpecially to the firft 3 a b inding fa- cultie with a colde and drie temperature. is The vert ties. It is reported they flop all kindes of bleeding,which propertie is not made manifeft by any appa- A rantqualitie that is in the,except peraduenture by the colour only that the red cares haue: for fome arc of opinion,that all red things do (launch bleeding in any part of the bodie: bicaufe fome things as Bole armoniacke , fanguisDraconis^ terra Slglllatajxnd. fuch like things orred colour do flop bloud, But Galen in his fecond and fourth bookes of the faculties offimples doth plainly fhewe, that there can be no certaintie gathered from the colours touching the vertues of fimple and compound rne- dicines:wherefore in common fence they are ill perfwaded thatthinke the flower Gentle to ftaunch bleeding, flop the Iaske and bloudic flixe bicaufe of the colour onely. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Orach . Chap.4.1. tie The kmdes . . T Here be fiindrie forts of Orach,forne white; fbme of a reddifh or deepe purple colour; fome of the garden; and others wildeor of the fielde,and alfo one of thcfca. x ^ftriplexfatim alba* White Orach. 2 Atriplexfatim purpurea. Purple Orach. & The defiription. 1 »—g-* He Garden white Orach hath an high and vprightftalke,with broade (harpe pointed I leaues like thofe of B lite,yet fmoother and fofter. The flowers are fmall and yellow,grow- ing in clufters: thcieederoundeandlikealeafecouered withathinneskinorfilme,andl groweth in ciuftcrs.The roote goeth farre into the ground,vpon which hang many fmall threddes. The leaues and ftalkes at thefirftare of a glittering graic colour, and fprinckled as it were with meale or flower. 2 The fecond is like to the former,fauing that the whole plant tendeth to an ouerworne purplifh colour,in euery other rcfpe<ft alike. 3 The wilde Orach is like in fmoothnefle and fafhion of the leaues vnto the garden Orach. The ftalkes and euery part thereof alfo are veric like, failing it is altogether lefler. 4 There is founds a wilde kindc growing ncerc the lea coaft which hath long frnal narrow leaues, ftightlycut about the edges,fharpe pointed, and couered ouer withacertainemealineffe, Co that the whole plant as well leaues as ftalkes and flowers,looke of an hoarie or graie colour 3 as do many other fea plants. 3 <^s£tripk* i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 2)7 3 Atriplex fylueflru finepoly flyer won. 4 ^triplex marina* Wilde Orach,or all feede. Sea Orach. k*t'he place. The garden Orach doth growc in the moft fruitfull gardens. The wildc Orach jgroweth neerc vnto path waies by ditch fides, and in the borders of fields. c Matthiolui reporteth that he found certaine Orach on the fea coaftes,*d TergeBinifxlinas: the which I haue found in our owne countrey neere the fea fide be tweene Rochefter & Queenborough caftle, as alfo from Reculuers to Margate in the lie of Thanet ritgrowethby the blockhoufc of Tilberie,and the Fort in Kent by Grauefend right againft the fame place. k The time. They flower and feede from Iune to the end of Auguft. k The names. Garden Orach is called in Greeke .• in Latine ^triplexgs\<\ ^urcum olm: in Dutch tUcElClD t in French (^Arrouchesbu bonnes dames : in Englifh Orach andOrage: in the Bohemian toong Lebodct: Plinie hath made fome difference betweene O'f triplex and Chryfolachanum , as though they differed one from another, for of Atriplex he writeth in his 20.booke: and of chrjfi- mhanum'mhis 28.booke 8.chapter, where he writech thus: Chryfolachanum faith he groweth in Pinctum like Lettuce : it healeth cut finewes if it be foorthwith applied. The wilde Orach hath bcene called Polyflermon Caffani of VObelm^ or all feede. k The temperature. Orach faith Galen is of temperature moifl: in the feconde degree,and colde in the firfi. kThe vertues. Diofcorides writeth that the garden Orach is both moifl; and colde, and that it is eaten boiled as A other falla.de herbes are,and that it foftneth and loofeth the bellie. Itconfumeth away the fvvellings of the throate,whether it be laide on rawe or fbddcn. B The feede being drunke with meadc or honied water,is a remedie againfl the yellow iaundefs. C thinketh that for that caufeithath a clenfing qualitie, and may open the hoppings ofD the liuer* R 1 Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE O/Jlinking Orach. Chap. 4.2. o fir ip lex ollida . Stinking Orach. sen into a ground,it cannot be deftroied. ^ Tbe defription. S Tinking Orach groweth flat vpon the ground, and is a bafe and lowe plant with many vveakc and feeble braunches; whereupon do growe final! leaues of a grayifh colour, (princkled ouer with a certaine kinde of durtie mealinefle,in (hape like the leaues ofBafill: among which leaues heerc and there confufedly difperfed bee the (eedes as it wercnothingbutdud or afhes. The wholeplantis of a mod lothfome fauour or fmell, vpon which plant if any fhould chauncetoreft and(leepe,he might very well report to his friendes that he had repofed himfelfe amongft the chiefe of Scoggins heires. ft The place. It groweth vpon dung hils and in the moft filthy places that may be founde, as alfo about the com¬ mon pifling places of great princes, & noblemens Houles. Sometime it is founde in places neere brick kils and olde wals, which doth lomewhat alter his fmell, which isliketoftedcheele: but that which groweth in his naturall place (melleth like (linking fait fifh,whereof it tooke his name Garofmus. ft The time It is an herbe for a yeere,which (pringeth vp,and when thefeedc is ripe it perifneth, and recouereth it felfe againe of his owne fee de, fo that if it be got- ft The names. Stinking Orach is called of Cordus Garofmus , bicaufe it fmelleth like (linking fi(h,which is called in G reeke y&v : it is likcwife called T ragium G ermamcum , and Atriplex fcetida garum olens Pena dr HOhelif for itftneilcth more (linking then the rammifh male Goate, whereupon (ome by a figure bane called i tVuluam^ and may be called in Englifh (linking Motherwoort. ft The nature and verities. There hath bcene little or nothing (et downe of the auncients either of his nature or vertues: not- withftandingithathbeene thought profitable by reafon of his (linking finell for fuch as be trou¬ bled with the Mother: for as Hippocrates faith,when the Mother doth ftifle or (lrangle,fiich things are to be applied vnto the nofe as haue a rancke and (linking fmell. Of (joofe-foote. Chap.ty ft The defer ipiion. G Oofe-foote is a common herbe and thought to be a kinde of Orach: it rileth vp with a ftalke a cubite high or higher,fomewhat chamfered and braunched: the leaues be broade, fmooth, fharpe pointed,fhining,hailing certaine deepe cuts about the edges, & rcfembling the focte ofaGoofe. The flowers be finalffomething red, the feede (landeth in clufters vpon the top of the branches,being very like to the feed of wilde Orach, & the roote is deuided into fundrie firings. 1 Pes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 255? & The place. ft growcth plentifully in obfcurc places neerc vnto oldc walks and high waies , and in defers places. x ' is The time. Itflourifheth when the Orach doth,whereof this is a wilde kinde. - " is The names. The later Herbariftcshaue called it Pcsanjirintts* of thelikenefle that the leaueshaue with the footc of a Goofe:of lome chenopodium: in Englifh Goofefoote and wilde Orach. is The temperature. This herbe is coldc and moift 3 and that no leflerxhen Orach,but as it appeereth more coldc. tj. Thevertues. It is reported that it killeth Twine if they do eatc thereof: it is not vfed in Phyfickc : and much A lefie as a fallade herbe. Of Englifh z%fercurie. Qbap.^. Bonus Henri cue. Englifh Mercurie,or good Henric. is The defeription. G Ood Henrie called Tcta bona, Co named of the later Herbarifts 3 is accounted of them ^o be one of the Docks , butnotproperlie. This bringeth foorth very many thicke ltalkes 3 fet with leaues two foote high ; on the braunchcs whereof towards thetopfhndegreene flowers in cluftcrs, thicke thruft togither. The feede is fiat like thole of the Orach 3 whereof this is a kinde. The leaues be faftned to long footeftalkes, broadc behinde 3 and fharpe pointed 3 fafhioned like the leaues of Aron or Wake-robin 3 whi:e or grayifh of colour, and as it were couered ouer with a fine meale, in handling it is fat &: oleous 3 with a verie thicke roote,and parted into many deuilions, of a .yellowe colour within 3 like the fharpe pointed Docke. is The place . It is commonly founde invntilled places, and among rubbifh neere common waies, olde wals, and by hedges in fieldcs. is The time. It flourifheth in Iune and Inly efpecially. is The names. . It is called oflbme Pes ^ytnfcrinuspmd Tot a bo¬ na : in Englifh all Good 3 and Good Henric, in Cambridgefhire it is called Good king Harry: the Germaines call it 0 Ut£t IpOUnckj ofacertaine goodqualitieithath,as they alio name a certaine pernicious herbe, MalusHenncus^ or bad Henry, It is taken for a kinde ofMercurie, but vnproperly, for that it hath no participation with Mercuric, cither in forme or qualitie,cxceptyce wilcalleuery herbe Mercuric which hath power to loole the bellic. is The temperature. Bonus Henricus or good Henric is moderately hot and drie 3 clenfing and fcouring with all. is The vertues. The leaues boiled with other potherbes andeaten,maketh the bodic foiuble. A The fame brufed and laid vpon green wounds orfoule &old vlcers.doth fcoure,mundifie & heale B them. R 2 Of 1.60 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfSpinach. Chap. 4 . 5 . Spinach. s it 7 he defcriptio'd. Pinach is a kind of Blitc after fome 3 notwith {landing I rather take it for a kind of Orach. Itbrineeth foorthfoftand tender leauesof a darke greene colour 3 fuil ofiuice 3 fharpe pointed, and in the largeft part 3 or neather end fquare; par¬ ted oftentimes with a deepe galh on either fide; next to the ftemrae or foote ftalke: the flalke is roundc 3 a foote high 3 hollowe within: on the tops of the braunches ftande little flowers in clufters 3 in vvhofe places doth growe a prickly feede.The rootc confifleth of many fmall threds. 2 There is another fort found in our gardens like vnto the former in goodnefte, as alio in fhape, fa¬ iring that the leaues are not fo great nor fb deepely gafht or indented: and the feedc hathnoprickels at all 3 for which caufe it is called round Spinach. it 7hefkce. It is fovven in gardens without any great labour or induftric 3 and forfaketh not any grounds being but indifferent fertill. it The time. It may be fowen almoft at any time of the yeere, but being fowen in thefpring it quickly groweth vp 3 & commeth to perfection within two moneths: but that which is fowen in the fall oftheleafe gro¬ weth not fo foone to perfe<ftion 3 yet continueth all winter and feedeth prefently vpon thefirftfpring. it The names. It is called in thefe daies Spinachia^oCfome Spin ache urn olus : of others Hiftanicumolus: Fuchfm nameth it the Arabians and Serapio czWit Hijpane: the Germaines £s>ptUEt;in Englim Spinaee and Spinach: in French Efjinas. it The nature. Spinach is euidently colde and moift 3 almoft in the feconde degree 3 but rather moift. It is one of the potherbes whofe fubftance is waterie, and almoft without tafte: and therefore quickly deicen- deth and loofeth the belly. itThevertues . .. A It is eaten boiled 3 but it yeeldeth little or no nourifhmcnt at all: it is fomething windie,and ealily caufethadeflretovomite 3 itisvfedinfalladeswhenitisyoongandtcnder. B This herbeofall other potherbes andfalladc herbes 3 maketh the greateft diuerfitie of meates andfallades. Of^Tellitorie of the wall. Chap.^. 6 . it The defeription. Ellitone of the wall hath rounde tender ftalkes fomewhat browne or reddifh of colour and fomewhat fhmingrthe leaues be rough like to the leaues of Mercurie 3 nothingfnipt about the edges.The flowers be finall 3 growingclofeto the ftemmes,the feedc blacke and verie imalfce- uered with a rough huske which hangeth faft vpon garmentstthe roote fomewhat reddifh. HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. ads Par it tana. Pellitoric of the wall. He Thep,fa.ce. It groweth n'ccrc to olde wal$ in the moift cori ners ofchurchcsandftone buildings, alnongftrub- bifh and fuch like places. # The time. It commcih vp in Maie: ft leedeth in Iuiy and Au- guft: the rootc onely conrinuetliand is to be found in winter. # the names . It is commonly called Parietaria , or by a corrupt vvorde Par it aria , bicaule it groweth neere to wals : & for the fame caule it is named of diners Mur alii : alio Murahum ofPliny andCelJ(u:of the Grecians There is alfo another Helxine furnamed Cif Jkmpelos: fome call it Perdtcium , of Partriges which fomtimes feed hcereof: fome Vrceolarts , an dvitra- >x*,bicaufeitferueth to fcoure glaffes 3 pipkens and fuch like : it is called in high Dutch tlfaij liacfjt X in Spanifh Terua delmuro : in Englifti Pelli- torie of the wall : in French Parieiatre . iethe temperature . Pellitorie of the wall(as Galen faith) hath force to fcoure,and is fomthing coldc and moift. •kthe vertues. Pellitoric of the wall boiled and the deco&ion of fa it drunken, helpeth fuch as are vexed with an olde cough; the grauell and ftone, & is good againft the difficultie of making water } & flopping of the fame, not onely inwardly,but alfo outwardly applied vpon the regionof the bladder,in maner ofa fomen¬ tation or warme bathing, with fpunges or double clouts or fuch like. Dio/corides faith that the iuice tempered with Cerufe or white leade, maketh a good ointment g againft Saint Anthonies fire and the fhingles: & mixed with the cerot of Alcanna or with the male Goates tallowe, it helpeth the gout of the feetc; which Plinie alfo affirmeth in his 22. booke 17. chapter. It is applied faith he, to the paines ofthe feete with goates fuct and waxe of Cyprus: where in q fteede of waxe of Cyprus there muft be put the Ccrotc of Alcanna. Diofcorides addcth,that the iuice hecrcofis a reniedie for old coughes, and taketh away hot Iwel- p> ftngs ofthe Almonds in the thtoatif it be vfedin a gargarifmc or otherwife applied; it mitigateth alfo the paines in the eares being poured in with oilc of roles mixed therewith. Itis-affirmcd that if three ounces ofthe iuice be drunke, itprouoketh vrine out ofhande. The leaues tempered witholleof fweete almonds in maner of a pultus and laide to the pained partsj is a rcmcdic for them that be troubled with the ftone and that can hardly make water. Of French ercurie . Cbap.t\. 7 . -•:> # The kindss. 'T’Here he two kindesofMercuric reckoned for good, and yet both fometimes wilde, belides other two wildc neuer founde in gardens, vnlefte they be brought thither. Tbcdcjcription. 1 He male garden Mercurie hath tender ftalks full of ioints and braunches, whereupon do f growe blackifh leaues like Pellitorie of the wall: among which commeth foorth two hai~ rie bullets rounde and ioined togither like thole of Goofe-grafte, or C!e tiers, eche con- R 3 reining *T1 W t6z THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE teining in it felfe one /mall round feede with a tender roote 3 and full of white hairie firings. 2 The female is like vnto the former in leaues, ftalkcs,and manerof growing 3 differing but in the flowers and feede: for this kind hath a greater quantitie of flowers and feede growing togither like little clutters of grapes 3 of a yellowifh colour. The feede for the moft part is loft before it can be ga¬ thered. I Mercurialu mus. 2 McrcurUlufasmina . Male Mercuric. Female Mercuric. ;/■ ■roi f j \ X ■ ■ ■ . rr.cvO'i r.Vlo r rM He The fine. French Mercuric is fowen in kitchen gardens among potherbes 3 in vineyardes, and in moift fha- dowie places, I foundc it vnder the dropping of the bifhops houfeatRocheftcr, from whence I brought a plant or two into my gardcn 3 fincc which time I cannot rid my garden from it. He The time. They flower and flourifh all the fbmmer long. He The names. ItiscalledinGreekc and £omW, or Mercuric his herbe $ whereupon the Latines call it < JMercurialU : and Theophrajltts : and in DiofcoridcsPbydon : it is called in Italian Mercorelk : in Englifh French Mercurie: in French Mercurtate 3 Vignoble 5 and Foirelle 3 quia Fluidam Uxmaue> almm redditfi allobelg* enimfotze foizeus, ventrii Fluor em vocant. He The temperature. Mercurie is hot and drie,yet not aboue the fecond degree: it hath a clenfing facultie, and (as Gx- len writeth)adigeftingqualitieaI/o. r Ht Thevertues. ^ It is v/ed in our age in glitters .,and thought very good to clenfe and fcoure away the excrements andothcrlilthconteinedintheguts.lt/erueth to purge the belly being eaten orotherwi/e taken, voiding out ofthebdly not onely the excrements^but alfo phlegme and choler. Diojiorides repot- eeth that the decoftion heerofpurgeth waterifh humours. The , ; HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 26s The Ieaues ftamped with butter and applied to the fundament prouoketh to the ftoole, and the B herbe brufed and made vp in maner of a pefifarie, clenfeth the mother,and helpeth conception. Cottttu in his booke of the nature ofplants faith,that the iuice of Mercurie,Hollihocks,and Pur- c flane mixed togither,and the hands bathed therein,defendeth them from burning if they be thruft into boiling leadc. tit ' • ■ < * • . ■ Ofwilde <£>Vfercurie . Qhap. 4.8. I Cynocrmbc. 2 rhylloHThelygonon; Docs Mercurie. Childrens Mercurie. . it The defer iption. 1 T^V Ogs Mercuric is lomewhat like vnto the garden Mercurie, failing the Ieaues heercof I are greater, and the ftalke not fo tender, and yet very brittle, growing to the height of a foote,without any braunches at all, with finail yellowe dowers. The feede is like the fe¬ male Mercurie. 2 Childrens Mercurie hath three or fower ftalkes or mo: the Ieaues be fomewhat long,not much vnlike the Ieaues of the Oliue tree,couered ouer with a loft downe or wooll, graie of colourrand the feede alio like thofe of female Mercurie. it T he place. They grow in woods andcopfes,in the borders of fieldes,and among bufhes and hedges. The dogs Mercurie I hauefounde in many places about Greene-Hith, Swanes-combe village, Grauef-ende, and Sotith-deete in Kent ; in Hampefteede vvoode, and all the hedges thereabout, fower miles from London, it The time. Thefe flourifh all the fommer long vnti ll the extreme froft do pull them downe. r 4 * The i 6 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The names. Dogs Mercurie is called in Greeke uivoyjdy.fr ■.in Latinc Caning and Braftca canina^wd Mereuri* alisJylueJfris : in Englifh Dogs Cole 5 and Dogs Mercurie. Childrens Mercurie is called Phyllon theltgomn 3 and Phyllon Arrhenogonon . ft The temperature and vertues. > i > . Thefe wilde kinds of Mercurie are not vied in Phificke 5 notwithftanding it is thought they agree as well in nature as qualitie with the other kinds of Mercurie. Of Tornefole. Chap. 4 . 9 . v< y? . T/ ; ft The kittdes. T Here be hue forts ofTornfole 3 differing one from another in many notable points 3 as in great* neile and finalncfle,in colour of flowcrs 3 in forme and fhape. * V . I lieliotropmi mains. Great Tornfole. 2 Heliotropum minus. Small Tornfole. ft The dejcrifticn. 1 >-|-< He great Tornefole hath ftraight rounde ftalkes cowered with a white hairie cottonjefpeci* I ally about the top whitifh Ieaues 3 foft and hairie in handling, in fhape like theleaues ofBa- fill: the flowers growe at the top of the braunchcs 5 in colour white 3 thicke togitherin rowes vpon one fide of the ftalke,which ftalke doth bende or turne backward like the taile ofa fcor- pion: the rootc is fmall and hard. 2 The (ina 11 Tornefole hath many little and weake braunches trailing vpon the grounde, where¬ upon go growe fmall lcaues like thofe of the Idler Balill. The flowers do growe at the endes of the tender braunchesjgraie of coIour,with a little fpot of yellow in the middeft^the which turneth into crooked taile s like thofe of the precedent. t 5 Hehotropium HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 255 3 Hdiotropium fupinum Clufii & Idobelij. 4 HtliotropiimreEium* Hairie Tornfolc. Vpright Tornefolc. 5 Heliotroftum Trieoecum . Widowe waile Tornfolc. fet with imall leaues Ieller then the fmall Tornfole: among which groweththe feede in fmall chaffie huskes which do not turne backe like the taile of a fcorpion; which mooueth me to thinke it a kindc of finall water Chickweede. 4 The vpright Tornfole hathaflalkoftwofoote high 3 fet with rough hairie lcaues 5 couercd with a Cottoniedowne, notvnliketothe leaues of vipers Buglofle. Theftalkedeuideth it felfe into fundrie finall braunches towards the top; the flowers fmal and idle. The feede is inclofed in little rounde vef fels like thole of dogs Mercurie. 5 This kinde of Tornefole hath leaues verie like to thofe of the great Tornfole, but of a blacker greene colour: the flowers be yellow, after which commeth out the fruite hanging vpon frnall roote- ftalkes three fquare, and in euery corner there is a finall feede like thofe of the Tythimales ;the roote frnall and threddie. •fr The place. Tornfole,as Diofcorides faith 3 doth growe in fen- nie grounds & neere vnto pooles and lakes. They arc flraungers in Endande as vet: It doth growe about 266 THE SECOND BOOKEOF THE about Montpelier in Languedock,where it is had in great vfe to ftainc and die clouts withal,whcr- with through Europe meate is coloured. The time. They flouriftefpedallyinthefommerfolftice, or aboutthe time when the funne entreth into Cancer. He The names. The Grecians call it Heliotropiwn : the Latines keepe thefe names Heliotropistm magnum ^ and Scorpiurwn : of Hue lit us Herba Cancri : it is named Heliotropium , not bicaule it is turned about at the daily motion of the funne, but by reafon it flowreth in tne (bmmer (olftice, at which time the funne being fartheft gone from the asquino&iall circle, returneth to the fame; & Scropiurum of the twiggietops thatbowebackewarde like a fcorpions taile :of the Italians Tornefeolbobo'-'m. French Tournfel : it is alfo called Herba ClitU , whereof the poet hath thefe verfes: Herba velut Clitixfemperpetit obuia folem , Sic pia mens Chrifium quo prece feeffet habet. Hr 7 he nature. Toi'nlole as Paulus AEgineta writeth,is hot and drie,and of a binding facultie. He The vertues. A good handfull of the great Tornfole boiled in wine and drunke,doth gently purge the body of hot cholericke humours and tough clammie or (litrtie flegme. The lame boiled in wine and drunke is good againft the Hinging of Scorpions or other venemous beafts,and is very good to be applied outwardly vpon the griefe or wounde. The feede damped and laide vpon warts and fuch like excrefcens or fuperfluous outgrowings, caufcth them to fall away. The fmall Tornfole and his feede boiled with Hy(ope,Cre(Ies, and faltpeter and drunke, driueth foorth flat and round wormes. With the fnall Tornfole they inFrauncedoedielinnen rags and clouts into a perfect purple colour,wherewith cookes and confectionaries do colour iellies, wines,meates, and fundriecom- feChires: which clouts in fhops be called Tornefble after the name of the herbe. Of Scorpion grajfe. Chap.*) o. He The defeription. S Corpion grade hath many finooth 5 plaine, euen leaues, of a darke greene colour; ftalkes fmalijfeeble 2 and weake, trailing vpon the grounde and occupying a great circuit in refpeCtof the plant.The flowers growe vpon long and (lender footeftalkes, of colour yellowe, in fhape like to the flowers of broome; after which fucceede long crooked rough cods, in fhape and colour like vnto a caterpiller,wherein is conteined yellowifh (eede like vnto a kidney in forme. The roote is fmall and tender,the whole plant perifheth when the feede is ripe. There is another (ortof Scorpion grade found among corne,peafe,and tares, and therupon cal¬ led Scorpioides Leguminofa; which hath fmall and tender rootes like (mall threds: braunches manie, weake and tender, trailing vpon the grounde if there be nothing to takeholde vpon with hiscla- fping and crooked feed vedeIs,otherwifeth it rampeth vpon whadoeuer is neere vnto it. The leaues be fewe and fmall: the flowers very little & white of colour: the feede foiloweth: little and blackifh, conteined in crooked cods like vnto the taile of a fcorpion. There i s alfo another fort almoft in euery fhallowe grauely running flreame, hauing leaues like to Becabimga or Brokleme. The flowers growe at the top, oftender fat greene (lalkes, blevve of co¬ lour, and oftentimes with a fpotof yellowe among the blevve; the whole braunch of flowers doc turne themfelues likewife round like the fcorpions taile. There is alfo another growing in waterieplaces,with leaues likevnto o Tnagallis aquatic a, orwa- ter Chickweede, hauing like (lender dalkes and braunches as the former, and the flowers not vn- Jike, failing that the flowers of this are of a light blewe or watched colour , ibmewhat bigger, and (aide more open,whcreby the yellowe (pot is better feene. There HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 26 7 Scorpioides Bupleurtfolio, Pena & L'obeli}. Scorpion graffe. *k 7 be defcriptiori. There is likevvife another fort growing vpon the inoft drie grauely and barren ditch bankes, with leaues like thofe of c Aurtculx Muris or Mouftare, called Myofotis fcorpioides , with rough and hairie leaues,ofan ouerworne rufletcolour: the flowers do grow vpon weake,fceble, Sc rough braunches, as is all the reft of the plant. Theylikewife growe for the moft part vpon one fide of theftalke,blcwe of colour, with alike little fpot ofyelloweas the others,turningitftIfebacke againe like the taile of afcorpion. There is another of the Iande called Myofotis Scorpioides repens, like the former: but the flowers are thicker thruft togither, and do not growe all vpon one fide as the other,and part of the flowers blcwe,and partpurple,confufedly mixt togither. i? The place. The Scorpion graffe deftribed growethnot wilde in Englande, notwithftanding I haue recei- ued fecdes therof from beyond the feas 5 and hauc difperfed them through England,which areeftee- med of gentlewomen for the beautie & ftraunge- nefle of the crooked coddes, notwithanding it is the belt feeding for cattell that may be. The others do growe in waters and ftrcames,as alfo in the drie and barraine bankes. The time. r Thcfirft flowreth froinMaie to the end of Auguft; the others I haue found all the fbmrner long. ^ The names. There is not any thing remembredas touching the names more then hath beene let downe in their deferiptions: onely our Englifh gentlewomen and others do call it Caterpiliers, of the fimi- litude it hath with the fh^pe of that canker worme called a caterpiller. ieThe nature and vertues , There is not any thing remembred of the temperature, yet Diofcor ides faith that the leaues of Scorpion graffe applied to the place is a preftnt remedie againft the flinging of Scorpions: 6c like wife boiled in wine and drunke preuaileth againft the laid bitings,as alfo of adders, fhakes,and fuch like vehemous beafts: being made in an vnguentor falue with oi!e,waxe, and a little gum Elewpni , is profitable againft fuch hurts as require a healing medicine. Of 3 \QgbtJhac/e. Chaff .ji, v ' : -frThe kindes. T" 1 Here be diuers Nightfhades, whereof fome are of the garden; and fome that loue the fieldes, and yet eueryofthem found wilde; whereof fome caufe fleepinefie euen vn to death; others caufefleepinefte, andyetPhificall; and others, very profitable vnto the health of man, asfhallbe declared in their ftuerall vertues. ic The deferipthn. I ArdenNightftiade hathrounde ftalks afootehigli and full of braunches,whereon are ft t yjf leaues of a blackifh colour,foft & ful ofiuice,in fhape like to the leaues of Bafilfbut much greater: among which do growe linall white flowers with yellow c pointels in the middle; which 268 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE » which being paft 3 therc do fucceede rounde berries,greene at the firft,and black when they be ripe, like thofe of Iuie: the roote is white and full of hairie firings* 2 Sleeping Nightfhade hath for his roote a great bundell of threddie rootes, from which rifeth vp a fat ftalke of a blackifh greene colour as is the reft of the plant; whereon do growe fharpe poin¬ ted leaues like vnto thofe of the Docke. The flowers are white with a ccrtaine yellowe aglet in the middle,after which come forth berries, greene at the firft,and aftewards of a faint yellowifla green. The whole plant perifheth at the firft approch of winter. i Solarium Horten ft. ; % Solanum Pomiftttm. This Nigh tfhade commeth vp in many places,and not onely in gardens, ofwhich notwithflan- ding it hath taken his furname, and in which it is often founde growing with other herbes: but alfb necre common high waies,the borders offieIdes,by olde wals and ruinous places. ft The time. It flowreth in fbmmer,and oftentimes till autumne be well (pent; and then the fruitc commeth to ripenefle. ft The Names, It is called of the Grecians 2pt r/yo( -of the Latins Solanum Solatium hortenfelm fliops SoUtrum: of fome Morella^Vua Lupin a,Vua Vulph: in Spanifh like wife Morelia & yerua Moya: Marccllus an olde Phificke writer, & diners others of his time called it Strumum:?lmie in his 27. book 8.chapter, fheweth that it is called Cucubalus: both thete wordes are likewife extantin iMpuleiut among the confuted names of Nightfhade: who hath gathered togither in one chapter fo many, that he hath as it were confounded the name thereof: in Englifh it is called Garden Nightfhade; Morell, and petie Morell: in French Morelle , Gallobelgu: feu ardent: quia medetur tgni facro, ft The temperature. Nightfhade as Galen faith in his booke of the faculties of Ample medicines is vfed for thofe in¬ firmities that hauc neede of cooling and binding: for thefe two qualities it hath in the feconde de¬ gree : which tiling allbhe aflirmethin his booke of the faculties of nourifhments, where he faith v that HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 2 69 that there is no potherbe which wee vie to eate that hadifo great aftridion or binding as Night¬ shade hath, and therefore phifitions do woorthely vie it, and that fe. do me as a no unfhmenr 3 butalwaiesasa medicine. •kThevcrtues . Diofeorides writeth,thatNightfhade is good againfl Saint Anthonies fire,the fhingles,paine of « the head,the hart burning or heate ©f the ftomacke, and other like accidents proceeding of flharpe 1x and biting humours: notwithftdhding that ithaththefe venues, yet it is not alwaies good that it fhoulde be applied vnto thole infirmities, for that many times there hapneth more dangers by ap- plyingof thefe remedies ,thea of the difeafe it felfe.For as Hippocrates writeth in the 6. booke ofhis Aphorifmes,the 2 5.particular,thatit is not good, that Saint Anthonies fire ftibuid be driuen from the outward parts to the inward: and likewife in his prognoftickes he faith, that it is neceffaric that Saint Anthonies fire fhoulde breake foorth,aifd that it is death to hatie it driuen' in; which is to be vnderftooae not onely of Saint Anthonies fire, but alfo ofother likeburftings out procured by nature.For by vfing of thefe kind of cooling & repelling medicines,the bad, corrupt and fharp hu¬ mors are driuen back inwardly to the chiefe& principal! parts,which cannot be done without great danger and hazarde of life. And therefore we mull not vnaduifedly,lightly, or rafhlyminiftcr fitch kinde of medicines vpon thecommingout of Saint Anthonies fire, the fhingles, or fuch hot pim¬ ples andblemifhes ofthe skin. Theiuice ofthegreene leaues of garden Nightfhade mixed with barley mcale,is very profita- B blie applied vnto Saint Anthonies fire and to all hot inflammations. The iuice mixed with oile ofrofes,cerufe,and littarge ofgoIde,and applied,is more proper and C cffedfuall to the purpofes before fe t downe. Neither the iuice heereof nor any other part is to be giuen inwardly. The leaues damped are piofitablie put into the ointment of popler buds, called VngutTitnm po- puleon , good and aliother ointments. Officering 3 \QghtJbade. Chap. 51 . Solarium Lath ale. Dwale,or deadly Nightfhade. ’kThe defeription. Wale orfleepingNightfhadehath round blackifh flalks fixe foote high, whereupon doegrowe great broade lcauesofadarkc greene colour5 among which doe growe fmall hollowe flowers bell faflhion of an ouerworne purple colour; in the place whereof come foorth great rounde berries of the bignefTe of the blacke cherrie, greene at the firft, but when they be ripe of the colour of blacke iette or burnifhed home, foft and full ofpurple iuice; among which iuice lie the feeds like the berries of Iuie: die. roo tc is very great,thicke and longlading. The place. It groweth in vntoiled places necre vnto high waiesandthefeamarfhes and fuch like pla¬ ces. It groweth very plentifully in Hollande in Lin- colnfhire, and in the He of Elie ar a place caUed Walfoken,neere vnto Wisbitch. I founde it growing without the gate of High- gate neere vnto a pound or pinfold on the left hid & The time. This flourifheth al the fommer and fpring,bca- reth his feede and flower in Inly and Augud. •klhe names. It is called of Diofeorides sfSx vo{ uwmvy.of : of The- cphraBus rpt 'yja ImuM: of the Latines Solatium fomniferum 27° THE SECOND B OOK E OF THE a fommfemm or deeping Nightfhade; and Solanum Utbale , or deadly Nightfhade i and Solarium rna- nicum# aging Nightfhade; of iovt\C Apollmaris minor vlticana ,& Herha Of (ago: in Englilh Dvvale or deeping Nightfhade: the Venetians and Italians call it Bella dona ; the Germaines iDoUtOtltt? i the lovve Dutch £>Dl£fccOcn ♦ in French CMorelle mortelle ; it commcth very neere vnto 7 heopkra - ftm his MandragoraS} (which diifereth from Diofcondes his Mandr agones ) if there he a difference. ^ 7 he nature . It is eolde euenin the fourth degree. it The vertues. A This kinde of Nightfhade caufeth fleepe,tronblcth the minde,bringeth madnes if a fewe of the berries be inwardly taken, but if mo be giuen they alfo kill and bring prelent death. TheophraBiu in his c.booke doth likewise write of Mandrake in this mailer; Mandrake caufeth llcepe, and if alfo muchofitbe taken itbringeth death. B The greene leaues of deadly Nightfhade may with great adwife be vfed in fuch cafes atPctti- morrell: but if you will follow my counfell, deale not with the fame in any cafe, and banifh it from your gardens and the vie of italic,being a plant fo furious and deadly : for it bringeth fuch as haue eaten thereof into a dead fleepe wherein many haue died , as hath beene often feene and prooued by experience both in England and elle where. But to giue you an example heereofit fball not be amiffe: It came to pafle that three boies of Wisbich in the lie of Ely,did eate of the pleafant and beautifull fruite heerof, two whereof died in lefle then 8. liowers after they had eaten of them.Thc thirde childehad a quantitic of honie and water mixed togither giuen him to dirinkc , caufinghim to vomite oftemGod bleflcd this meanes and the childe recouered. Banifh therefore thefe pernici¬ ous plants out of your gardens ,and all places neere to your houfes,where children or women with childe do refart,which do oftentimes long and luff after tilings moll vile and filthie; & much more after a berrie of a bright fhining black colour, and of fuch great beautie,as it were able to allure any fuch to eate thereof. C The leaues heeroflaid vnto the temples caufe fleep,efpecially if they be imbibed or moiftened in wine vinegcr. It eafeth the intolerable paines of the headach proceeding of heat in furious agues, caufing red being applied as aforefaid. Of muter Cherries . Chapel, r v i ►“jr"* He red winter Cherrie bringeth foorth ftalkes acubite Iong,roundc, flender,{fnooth, I and fomewhat reddifh,reelmg this way and that way by rcafon of his weakenes, notable toftande vpright without a fupporte: whereupon do growe leaues not vnlike to thole of common Nightfhade, but greater^among which leaues come foorth white flowers, confiding of fiUc final! leaues: in the middle of which leaues ftandeth out a berrie, greene at the firft, and red when it is ripe, in colour of our common Cherrie and of the lame bignelle, which is incloled in a thinne huske or little bladder of a pale reddifn colour, in which berrie is conteined many finall flat feedes of a pale colour. The rootes be long,not vnlike to the rootes of Couch ^ralle,ramping and creeping within the vpper cruft of the earth fame abroade, whereby it encrealeth greatly, j The blackc winter Cherrie hath weake and (lender ftalkes fomewhat crefted, and like vnto the tendrels of the Vine, calling it felfe all about and taking holde of fuch things as are next vnto it: whernpon are fet iagged leaues deepely indented or cut about the edges almoft to the middle ribbe. The flowers bee verie finall and white (landing vpon long foote ftalkes or ftemmes. The skinnie bladders lucceede the flowers, parted into three cellesor chambers ,euery of the which conteineth one feede and no more, of the bignelle of afmallpeafe, and blacke of colour, ha¬ iling a rnarke of white colour vpon cch berrie, in proportion of a harr. The roote is very fmall and threddie. r v I SoUnum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 27* I Solatium Halicacabum. 2 Halicacabum Peregrimm . Red winter Cherries. Blacke winter Cherries. The reddc winter Cherrie groweth vpon olde broken wals about the borders of fieldes, and iri moift fhadowie places, and in moll gardens, where fome conlerue it for the beautie of the berries, and others for the great and vvoorthy vertues thereof. a The blacke winter Cherrie is brought out of Spaine & Italy,or other hot regions,from whence I hauc had of thole blacke feedes marked with the fhapeofa mans hart white, as aforelaide: and haue planted them in my garden where they haue borne flowers, but haue perifhed before the fruite could growe to maturftie,by realon of thole vnlealonable yeeres 15574. 9 5. and 96. k The time. The red winter Cherrie beareth his flowers and fruite in Auguft. The blacke beareth them at the fame time, where it doth naturally growe. k The names. The red winter Cherrie is called in Greeke : in Latine Veficaria^ and Solatium Veficarium * in fhops Alkekengi: Pit me in his 21. booke nameuh it Halicacabut and Fejicaria, of the little blad¬ ders: or as the fame author writeth bicaufeit is good for the bladder and theftone: it is called in Spanifh Vexiga deporro : in French Alquequenges , Bagenauldes, and Cer/fes d'outre mer .-inEnglifh redNightfhade, Winter Cherries and Alkakengie. The blacke winter Cherrie is called Halicacabus Peregrinate Veficaria Peregrins^ or ftrange winter Cherrie: of Pena and LObel it is called Corlndum , Cor In die urn: of others Pijitm Cor datum: in Englifh the Indian hart, or hart Peale: fome haue taken it to be Dorycnion , but they are greatly deceaued, being in truth not any of the Nightfhades; it rather feemeth to agree with the grain no.- fnzdot Serapto Abrong y oz o^£r/^i,ofwhichhe writeth in his 153. chapter in thefe words :Itis a little graine fpotted with blacke and white,rounde,and like the graine Maiz, with which notes this do th agree. k The 272 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft Thetemperature. The red winter Cherrie is thought to be cokie anddrieand offubtile parts. The leaues differ not from the temperature o} the garden Nightfhade as Galen faith. ft 7 hevertues. The fruit© brufed and put to infufe or ftiepe in white wine two or three howers , and after boi¬ led two or three biddings, draining it and putting to the deco&ion a little fugar and cinamome, and dr voice-, preuaileth very mightily againft the flopping of vrme, the done and grauell, the diffi- cultie Jad fharpenes of making water and fueh like difeafes: if the greete be olde the greater quan¬ tise muff be taken, ifnewe and not great, thelefjfe:itfcoureth away theyellowe iaundife alfo as iome write. Of the maruaile ofthe JVorld . Chap . 53 . Mirahilia Peruitiana. The maruaile of Peru. ft Tie defer iption. T His admirable plant called the maruell of Peru,or the maruel of the World,fpringeth foorth of the grounde like vnto Bafdl in leaues; among which it fendeth out a ftalke two cubits and a halfe high, of the thicknefle of a fin¬ ger, fullofiuice, veryfirme, and of ayellowifh greenecolour,knotted or kneed with ioints fom- whatbunchingfoorth, of purplifhcolour, as in the female Baifamina : which ftalke diuideth it felfe into fundrie braunches or boughes, &thofe alio knottie like the ftalke : his braunches are bedecked with leaues growing by couples, atthe iointes like the leaues of wilde Peafcods, greenc, flefhie,and full ofiuice, which being rubbed doc veelde the like vnpleafantffnell as wilde Peafcods do, and are in tafte alfo verie vnfauorie,yet in the latter end they leaue a tafte and fharpe finacke of Tabaco. The ftalkes towards the top are garni- fhed with long hollow fingle flowers, fouldedas it were into fiue parts before they be opened, but being fully blowen do referable the flowers of Tabaco, not ending into fharpe corners, but blunt and rounde as the flowers of Bindweede, and larger then the flowers of Tabaco, glittering oftentimes with a fine purple or crimfbn colour; many times of an horfeflefh; fometime yellowe; fometime pale; and fometime refemblingan old red or yellowe colour; fometime whitifh; and inoft commonly two colours occupying halfe the flower, or intercourfing the whole flower with ftreakes and orderly ftreames, nowe yellowe, nowe purple, diuided through the whole; hauing fometime great, fometime little fpots of a purple colour, fprinckled and (battered in a moft variable order,and braue mixture. The grounde or fielde of the whole flower is either pale,red, yellowe , or white, containing in the middle of the hollownefle a prickc or pointcli fet rounde about with fixe fmali firings or chines. The flowers are verie fvveete and pleafant,refembling the Narcifle or white Daffodil!, and are very fodainly fading ;for at night they arc flowred wide open, and Id continue vntili eight of the clocke the next morning: at which time they begin to clofc or flint vp (after the maner ofthe Bindweede) efpecially if the weather be very hot; but if the airc be more temperate they remaine open the'whole day, & are doled onely at night,& fo perifh,onc flower lading but onely one day,like the trueEphcmcrum or'Hemerocallis. This HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 273 This maruellous varietie doth not without great caufe bring into 1 admiration all thofe that obferue it. Tor ifthe flowers be gathered and referued in feuerall papers, and compared with thofe flowers that will Tpring and flotirifh the next daie, you (hall eafily percciuc that one is not like another in colour, though you fboulde compare one hundreth, which flower one day; and another hundred which you gathered the n’ext day; and To from daie to day during the time of their flowring- The cups and hushes which containe and embrace the flowers, are diuided into flue pointed fetdions, which are greene, and as it were confiding of skins, wherein is conteincd one feede and no more, couered with a blackifh skin, hailing a blunt point whereon the flower groweth; but on the ende next the cup or huske,it is adorned with a little fiue cornered crowne.The feed is as bigge as a pep¬ per cornc,which ofitfelfefadeth with any light motion; within this feede is contemed a white kernell,which being brufed, refolucth into a verie white pulpe like (larch. The roote is thicke and like vnto a great rad ifh, outwardly blacke,and within white,fharpe in tafle, wherewith is mingled afuperficiallfweecenes. It bringeth newe flowers from Iuly vnto Odobcr in infinite number, yea euen vntil thefrofts do caufe the whole plant toperifhrnotwithdandingitmay be referued in pots, and fet in chambers and cellers that arc warme, and (o defended from the iniurie of our colde cli¬ mate : prouided alwaies that there be not any water cad vpon the pot,or fet footth to take any moi- dure in the aire vntill March following; at which time it mud be taken foorth of the pot & replan¬ ted in the garden. By this means I haue^p referued many (though to (mail purpofe ) bicaufc I ha tie fowen feeds that hauc borne flowers in as ample mancr & in as good time as thofe referued plants. Of this woonderfullherbe there be other forts, but not fo amiable or fo frill of varietie, and for the mod part their flowers are all of one colour.But I haue fince by pradife founde out another way tokcepe the rootes for th^yecre following with very little difficultie, which neuer faileth. At the find frod I digge vp the rootes & put vp or rather hide the rootes in a butter ferkin, or fuch like vefi fell,filled with the fande of a riu :r, the which I differ dill to dande in fbme corner of a houfe where it neuer receiueth moidure vntill Aprill or the midded of March,if the weather be warme; at which rime I take it from the fande and plant it in the garden, where it doth flourifh exceeding well and increafeth by rootes; which that doth not whOi was either fowen of feede the fapie yeere, nor thofe plants that were preferued after the other maner. k The place. The feed of this drange plant was brought firft into Spainc,from Pengwherof it tookc his name Mir abilix Peruana , or Peruuuna : and fince difperfed into all the parts of Europe: the which my fclfe haue planted many yeeres, and haue in fbme temperate yeeres receiued both flowers and ripe feede. k The time. It is fowen in the midded of April!, and bringeth foorth his variable flowers in September, and perifheth with the fir A frod, except it be kept as aforefaide. k the names. It is called in Peru of thofe Indians there Nachal : of others after their name Hachal Tndi: of the high and lowe Dutch SoUnunt odor ifer urn: of fomc Iajbiinum mexicxnum : and of CaroLu Clu- (i wjnirabilia Peruuiana : in Englifh, rather the tnaruell of the World,then of Peru alone. k The nature and venues. Wc haue not as yet any indruidions from the people of India concerning the nature or vertues ofthis plant: the which is edeemed as yet rather for his rarenefle, beautic, and fwcetenede of his flowers, then for any vertues knowne ;but it is a pleafant plant to decke the gardens of the curious. Howbeit Ixcobtu Antonins Cortufus of Padua hath by experience found our, that two drams of the roote thereof taken inwardly doth very notably purge watcrifh humours. Of madde pples. Qbap. R kThe defer iption. Aging Apples hath arounde flalke of two foote high, deuided into fiindrie braunches, fee with broade leaues fomewhat indented about the edges, not vnlike the leaues of white Hen¬ bane, of a darke browne greene colour fomewhat rough: among the which come the flowers Si of 2 7 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE of a white colour , and fometimes changing into purple, made of fixe parts, wide open like a ftarre withccrtaineyellowechiues or thrums in the middle;which being paft tbefruite commeth in place,let in a cornered cup or huske after the maner of the great Nightlhade, great and fomwhat Iong,ofthe bignefie of a fwans egge, and fometimes much greater, of a white colour, fometimes yellowe, and often browne, wherein is conteined finall flat feede <?f a ydlovve colour. The root is thicke,with many threds faftned thereto. Mala in (ana, Madde or raging Apples. # T heplace. This plant groweth in^Ecypt almoftcucry where infandiefieldeseuenof it feife , bringing foorth fruite of the bignes of a great Cucumber, as Petrus Bellonim reporteth in the fecond bookc of his lingular obferuations. We haue had the fame in our London gardens, where it hath borne flowers, but the winter ap- proching before the time of ripening,it perifhed: notwithftanding it came to beare fruite of the bignes of agoofe egge one extraordinarie tem¬ perate yeere, as I did fee in the garden of a wor- fhipfull merchant, Matter Haruie inLimeftreece, butneuer to the full ripenefle. •$: 7 he time. This herbe muft be fowen in Aprill in a bed of hot horfe dung, asmuskc Melons are, andflow- ej|h in Auguft. •fr The names. Petrus Bellonim hath iudgedit to be Malim- thal/a 7 heophrajli. In the Dukedome of Milan it is called of the Infubres c Melongcna : and of fbme Melanzana : in Latine Mala mjana : inEn* glifh Madde Apples: in the Germaine toong iOoUopffti ♦ in Spanifh Verangenes. •k The nature. This herbe is coldealmoft in the fourth de¬ gree. # The vfe and danger. The people of Tolledo do cate them with great deuotion being boiled with fatflefh, putting thereto fome feraped cheele,which they dokeepe in vineger,honie,or fait pickell,all winter to pro¬ cure lull. Petrus Bellonim and Hemolam Bar bar us report,that in Egypt and Barbaric, they vie to eate the fruite of Malainfana boiled or rotted vnderafhes with oiIe,vinegcr, and pepper, as people vfc to eate Mufhroms. But I rather wifhe Englifh men to content themfelues with the meate and lauce of our owne countrey,then with fruite and fauce eaten with fuch perill: for doubtlette thefe apples haue a mifeheeuous qualitie,the vfe whereof is vtterly to be forfaken. And as we fee and know that many haue eaten and do eate Mufhroms more for wantonnefle then for neede: fo there are two kindes heereof venemous and deadly, which being in the handling of an vnskilfull cooke, may procure vntimely death. Therefore it is better to efteeme this plant and haue him in the gar¬ den for your pleafure and the rarenette thereof, then for any vertue or good qualities yetknownc. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, *75 Of apples of Lone. Chap . 55 . Pom a Amor is. Apples ofLouc. * The defer iption. T Hc apple of Lone bringeth foorth verie long round flalkes or braunches,fat and full of iuice, trailing vpon the grounde, not able to fuflaine himfelfe vprightby reafon of the tendernefleof the flalkes, and alfo the great waight of the leaues and fruite wherewith it is furcharged. The leaues are great and deepely cut or iagged about the edges, not vnlike to the leaues of Agrymony ? but greater, & of a whiter greene colour: among which come foorth yellow dowers growing vpon fhort Items or foot flalkes, cindering togither in bfiches: w r hich be ing falne, there do come in place faire and goodly apples, chamfered, vneeuen, and bunched out in manie places ; of a bright fhining redde colour and the bignes of a Goofe egge or a large pepin. The pulpeormeat is very ful ofmoidure, foft^reddifh* and of the fubdaunce of a whcateplumme. The feede is fmall, flat and rough: the roote ffnall and threddie: the whole plant is of a ranke and dink- ing fauour. There hath happened vntomyhajides po¬ ther fort , agreeing very notablie with the for¬ mer,as well in leaues and dalkes as alfo in flowers and rootes,onely the fruite hecreofwas yellow of colour, wherein confided the difference. & The place. Apples ofLoue do growe in Spaine, Italie, and filch hot countries, from whence my felfe hang receiucd feedes for my garden, where they do increafe and profper. •& The time . ' Itisfowen in the beginning of Ap rill in a bed of hot horfe dung after the maner ofmuske Me- Ions and fuch like colde fruits . k The names. The apple ofLoue is called in Latine Pomum Aureunt , Poma ^AmorU^ and Lycopertium, of fome Glauctum .* in Englifh apples of Loue, and golden apples: in French Pommes d’amours •* howbeic (there be other golden apples whereofthe poets do fable growing in the gardens of the daughters of HeJpertU} which a dragon was appointed tokeepe, who, as they fable; was killed by Hercules . •* The temperature. The golden Apple with the whole herbe it felfe is colde, yet not fully fo colde as Mandrake, after the opinion of Dodonatts : but in my iudgement it is very colde, yea perhaps in the highefl de¬ gree ofcoldneffe: my reafon is, bicaufe I haue in the hottefl time of fbmmcr cut away the fiiper- fluous braunches from the mother roote 1 , and call them away careleflyin the allies of my garden, the which(notwithflanding the extreme heate of the funne, the hardnefle of the troden allies, and at that time when no raine at all did fall) haue growen as frefh where I cafl t hem,as before I did cut them off; which argueth the great coldncfle conteined therein. True it is that it doth argue alfo great moiflure wherewith the plant is pofrefTed,but as I haue faide not without great cold, which leaue to euery mans cenfure. v S % ^ k The 1 2^6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ftThe verities. A In Spaine and thofc hot regions they vfe to eate the apples,prepared and boiled with pepper,fair, and oile: but they yeelde very little nourifhment to the bodic,and the fame naught and corrupt. B Likewife they do eate the apples with oile, vineger and pepper mixed togither for fauce co their meate 3 euen as we in thefe cold countries do muftarde. Of the jEthiopian apple, Q pa P Mala i^ARthiopica. Apples of AEthiopia, ft T he defeription. He apple of AEthiopia hath large leaues T of awhitifh greene colour,deepely inden¬ ted about the edges, euen to the middle ribbe;the which middle ribbe is armed with a few fharpe prickles. The flowers be white, confiding of fixe finall leaues, with a certaine yellowe poin- tell in the middle. The fruite is rounde, and bun¬ ched with vneuen lobes or bankes lefterthen the golden apple, of colour red,and of a firmc and fo- lide fubftaunce, wherein are conteincd finall flat feedes.The roote is finall and threddie. ft The place. This planthath been brought vnto vs from out that part of Spainwhich is called Andalufia, and from other parts of the fame counntrey alfo fent intoFraunce andFIaunders: but to what perfec¬ tion it hath come vnto in thofe parts I am igno- raunt. But mine perifhed at the firft approch of win er. But his firft origin all was from AEthio¬ pia whereof it tooke his name. ft The time. This plant muft be l'owen as muske Melons, and at the fame time, they flower in Iuly, and the fruite is ripe in September. ft The names. In Englifhwee haue thought good to call it the AEthiopian apple, for the reafon before alledged: in Latine Mala AEthiopica: of fomc it hath been thought to be Malimthalla:but the apple of Lone better agreeth with the deferiptio of it. ft 7 he nature. The temperature agreeth with the apple ofLoue. ft The verities. Thefe apples are not vfed in Phificke that I can reade of, onely they are vied for a fauce and fer- uice vnto rich mens tables to be eaten, being firft boiled in the broth of fat flefh with pepper and fait,and haue aleflehurtfull iuice then either madde apples or golden apples. Of Thorne apples . Chappy. ft The description. i Heftalks of thorne Apples are oftentimes aboue a cubite and a halfe high, feldom higher; | an inch thicke, vpright and ftraight,hailing very fewe braunches, fometimes none at all, but one vpright ftemme; whereupon do growe leaues finooth and euen, little or no¬ thing indented about the edgcs,longer and broader then the leaues of Nightfhade, or of the mad apples. HISTORIH OF PLANTS. 277 apples.The flowers come foorch of long toothed cups, great, white, of the forme of a bell, or like the flowers ofthe great Withwinde that rampeth in hedges, butaltogither greater and wider at the mouth, fharpe cornered at the brims with certaine white chines or threds in the middcft, of a ftronc: ponticke fauor, offending the head when it is fmelled vnto: in the place of the flower com- meth vp round fruitc full of fhort and,blunt prickles, of the bignes of a greene Walunt when it is at the biggeft, in which are the feeds of the bignes of tares, orofmandrakes ; & of the fame forme. Theherbeitfelfeisofaftrongfauour, and doth ftuffe the heade, and caufeth drowfmefle. The roote is ftnall and threddie. 2 There is another kinde heereof altogither greater then the former, whofe fecdcs I rcceiucd ofthe right Honorable the Lord Edward Zoncb^ which he brought from Conftantinople,and of his liberalitic didbeftowe them vpon me,as alfo many other rare and ft range feeds, and is that Thorn apple that I haue difperfed through this lande,whereof at this prefent I haue great vfe in Chirur- geric,as well in burnings and fcaldings,as alfo in virulent and maligne vlcers,apoftemes,and fuch like. The which plant hath a very great ftalke in fertill groun d, bigger then a mans arme, finooth & greene of colour,which alittle aboue the ground deuideth it felfc intofundrie boughs or armes in manetofan hedge tree; whereupon are placed many great leauescut and indented deepely about the edges,with many vneuen fharpe corners: among thcfeleaucs come white round flow¬ ers made ofonepeeceinmannerofabell, (hutting it felfe vp clofe towarde night as doe the flowers of the great Bindeweede whereunto it is very like,of a fweete finell,but fo ftrong that it of- fendeth the fences. The finite followeth rounde fometimes or of thefafhion of an egge, fet about on euery part with mod fharpe prickles j wherein is conteined very much feede, of the big- nefle oftares and ofthe fame fafhion. The roote is thicke , made of great and fmall firings. The whole plant is fovven, beareth his fruite, and perifheth the fame yeere. I Stramonium Veregrinum. The apple of Peru. 2 StramoniumJpinofum. Thornie apples of Peru. s : 3 ■it The 27§ THE'SECOND EOOKE OF THE •& The place. This plant is rare and ftrange as yet in Englande, I haue receiued feede s thereof from John Ro¬ hm of Paris, an excellent Herbarift; which did growe and beare flowers, but perifhed before the fruite came to ripenefte. The Thorne apple lafl deferibed was brought in feede from Conftantinople, by the right ho¬ norable the Lorde Edwarde Zouch and giuen vnto me,and bearcth fruite and ripe feede. •ic The time. The firft is to be fowen in a bedofhorfedung,as we do Cucumbers and Muske Melons. The other may be fowen in March or Aprill as other feedes are. ie The names. The firft ofthefeThorne apples maybe called in Latine StramoniafoL Pomum ot-Malumftinofum : of force Corona regia & Melofinu: the Grecians ofour time name it or rather as though they ihould faie a nut Huffing and cauflng drowfmefteand troublefbme fleepe: the Itali¬ ans Paracoctdr. itfeemeth to Valerias Cor dm to be Hyofyamus Permianus , or Henbane ofPeru: Cardanm doubteth whether it fhould be inferred among the Nightfhades as a kind thereof: of Se- rapio&c others it is thought to be Tpjix methel: Serapio in his ^.chapter faith/hat Nuxmethelis like vnto 2(ux vomica,: the feede whereof is like that of Mandrake, the huske is rough or full of prickles: which defeription agree th hcerewith except in the forme or fhape it fhoulde haue with 2{ux vomica:Anguilkra fufpeCteth it to be Hippomanes which Theocritus mentioned!, wherewith inhisEgjog of charmes hefheweththathorfes are made madder for Crateuas whom Theocritus tranflacor doth cite, writeth that the plant of Hippomanes , hath a fruite full of prickles as hath the fruite of wilde Cucumbers: in Engiifh it may be called Thorne apple or the apple ofPeru. & The nature. The whole plant is coldein the foor th degree,and of a drowfie and numming quaiitie,not infe- riour to Mandrake. P: The verities. A The iuice of Thome apples boiled with hogges greafe to the forme of an vnguent or falue,curcth all inflammations whatfoeuer,allmaner of burnings or fcaldings,as wcl of fire, water,boiling lead, gunpowder, as that which comes by lightning,and that in very fhort time,as my lelfehaue found by my daily pradife to my great credite and profite. The firft experience came from Colchefter, where miftrefie L’Obcl, a marchants wife there,being moft greeuoufly burned with lightning, and not finding eafe or cure in any other thing,by this founde helpe when all hope was paft, by the report of matter William Rammepp ublike notarie of the faide towne was perfectly cured. B The leaues ftamped fmall and boiled with oile oliue vntill the herbes be as it were burnt, then ftraiiTed and fet to the fire againe wirh fome waxe,rofm 3 and a little turpentine,& made into a falue, doth moft fpeedily cure olde vlcers,newe and frefh wounds, vlcers vpon the glandulous part of the yarcle,and other fores of hard curation. J : ;f d f / Ap Of ‘Bitter fweete^or rroode 3 \QgbtJhade. (fhap. 58. The defeription. B itter fweetebringeth foorth wooddieftalks as doth the Vine , parted into many (lender cree¬ ping braunches, by whichkclimethandtakethholde of hedges and fhrubbes next vnto it. The barkeof the oldeft ftalkes are rough and whitifh, ofthe colour of afhes, with the out- warde rinde of a bright greene colour; but the yoonger braunches are grecne as are the leaues: the wood brittle,hailing in it a fpungie pith; it is clad with long leaues,Imooth/harp pointed,lefler the thofe of the Bindeweede. At the lower part ofthe fame leaues doth growe on either fide one fmall or letter leafe like vnto two earcs. The flowers be final! and fomewhat cluftered togither,confifting of fine little leaues a peece,of a perfedfc blewe colour with a certaine pricke or yellow pointell in the middle: which being paft there do come in place faire berries, more long then roiinde, at the firft greene, but very red when they be ripe, of a fweere tafte at the firft, but after very vnpleafant, of a ftrong iauour; growing togither in clutters like burniflied corail. The roote is of a meane bignefle and full of firings. I haue found another fort which bringeth foorth moft pleafant white flowers with yellowepoint tels in the middle,in other refpedls agreeing with the former. Amaru HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ■19 KMmara Dulcii. Bitter fwcte. tA The place. Bitter fwect doth grow in moift places about dit¬ ches, riuers,and hedges,almoft euery where. The other fort with white flowers I found in a ditch fide againft the garden wall of the right ho¬ norable the Earle of Suffex his houfe in Bermon- fey ftreete by London 5 as you go from the court which is full of trees, vnto a farme houfe neere thereunto. & The time. The leaues come foor:h in the fpring: the flo¬ wers in Inly; the berries are r(pe in Auguft. it 7 he names. - The later Herbarifls haue named this plant Dulcamara, ^Amarodulcis 3 and Am ar a dulcii: the Greekes^vjuwwe?!' ^Solarium Hgnofumpsad Siliquaf trurn. Tlinie calleth it Me lor turn : TheophraHua Vitisfylueliri* • inEnglifh we call it Bitter fweete, and Woodnight fhade; but eucry author muft for hiscreditefaie fomthing, although tofmall pur- pole; for Vitis fylueftris is that which we call our Ladies fcale, which is nokinde ofNightfhadc:for Tamns and Vitisfyluejlyis are both one, as like wife Solanum lignofiwtpt Fruttcofsrn: and alfo Solatium rubrnm : whereas indcede it is no fuch plant, nor any of the Night (hades , although Ihaue follo¬ wed others in placing itheere. Therefore thofe that vfe to mixe the berries thereof in compofiti- onsof diuers cooling ointments infteede of the berries ofNightfhadc, haue committed the greater errour: for the finite of this is not colde at all, as is the Nightlhadc, but hot,as foorthwith (hall be Chewed. Diofcorides faith it is Cy clam inns alte¬ ra , deferibing it by the defeription oftliofe with white flowers aforelaide,whereunto it doth very well agree. *kThe temperature. Theleaucs and fruit of Bitterfivcctc are in temperature hot, and drie,c!enfing and wafting away* ^ The venues. The decobtion of thelcaues is reported to remooue the (loppings of the liuer 2nd gall: and to be A drunke with good fuccefle againft the yellow iaundife. The iuice is good for thole that haue fallen from high places, and thereby brufed,or dry bea- ten: for it is thought to diftolue bloudcongealed or cluttered any where in the entrailes, and to heale the hurt places. Hyeranimus Tragus teacheth to make a deco&ion of wine with the woode finely diced & cut in- Q to (mall peeces, which he reporteth to purge gently both byvrine andfiege, thole that haue the dropfie and iaundife. Diofcorides doth aferibp vnto Cyclammus alter 4,or Bitter fweete with white flo wers,as I conceaue D it,the like faculties. cf jrx.' ; The fruite faith he, being drunke in the waight of one dram with iij.ounces ofwhite wine, for 40. E daiestogitherhelpeththefpleenc. . • It is drunke againft difficultie of breathing: it throughly clenfeth womenthat are newly brought £ abedde. u rr- . aBo THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of c Bindvpeede < 5 \( ightfbade . Chap. 59 . Circe a Lutetiana. Inchaunters Nightfhade. A ^ 0 ft The clefecription. I NchauntersNightfhade hath leaues like vnto Petimorell, fharpeat the point like vnto Spi- nage. The ftalke is ftraight and vpright verie brittle , of halfe a foote high. The flowers are white tending to carnation, with certaine {mall browne chiues in the middle. The feede is contei- ned in finall rounde bulIets,rough and very hairic. The roote is tough and very many in number , thrufting it felfe deepe into the grounde and di- {perfingfar abroad , whereby it doth greatly in- crcafe, infomuch that when it hath once taken faft rooting, it can hardly with great labour bee rooted out or deftroied. ft The place. It groweth in obfeure and darke places, about dunghils and in vntoiled groundes,by pathwaics and Tuch like. ft The time It flourilheth from Iune to the ende of Sep¬ tember. ft The names. It is called in Latine of V Obeli tu Circe a luteti - ana: in Englifh Inchaunters Nightfhade,or Bind- weedc Nightfhade. ft The nature and vertues. There is no vie of this herbe either in Phificke or chirurgerie that I can read of, which hath hap- nedby the corruption of time, andtheerrour offome who haue taken Mandragorasfor Circea, in which errour they haueftill perfifted vnto this daie, attributing vnto Circea the vertues of Man- dragoras:by which meanes there hath not any thing beene {aide of the true Circea, byreafbnas I haue {aide,that M andragoras hath beene called Circea: but doubtlefle it hath the vertuc of garden Nightfhade, and may feme in ftcede thereof without errour. Of cSKfandrake. Chap. 6 q . ft The defeription. T He male Mandrake hath great, broad, long, finooth leaues, of a deepp greene co!our,flat {pred vpon the ground: among which come vp the flowers of a pale whitifh colour, handing euery one vpon a finglc final & weak footftalk,ol a whitifh green colour: in their places grow round apples of a yellowifh colour, finooth,foft & glittering,of a ftrong finel: in which are conteined flat and finooth feedes,in fafhion of a little kidney like thole of the Thorne apple. The roote is long, thick,whitiflijdiuidcd many times into two or three parts,re fembling the legs of a man,with other parts of his bodie adioining thereto, as the priuie parts,as it hath beene rep.ortedjwhereas in truth it is nootherwife then in the rootes of carrots, parfneps, and fuch like,forked or deuidedinto two or more parts,which nature taketh no account of. There haue been many ridiculous tales brought vp of this plant, whether of olde wines or fome runnagate furgeons or philickmongcrs,I know not, (a title bad inough for them:) but fure fome one or moe that fought to make themlelues famous in skill HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 281 skillfull abouc others were the firft brochers of that errour I fpakc of. They ndde further, that it is neucror verie feldoine to be founde growing naturally but vnder a gallows, where the matter that hath fallen from the dead bodie,hath giuen it thefhapeofaman:and the matter of a woman,the fubftauncc of a female plant; with many other filch doltifn dreames. They fable further and affirm, ; t hat he who wouldc take vp a plant thereof muft tie a dogge thereunto to pull it vp,which will giue- agreat fhrike atthe digging; vp; otherwise if a man Ihould doit, he fhould certainly die in fhort fpace after: befides many fables of louing matters,too full of feurrilitie to fet foorth in print,which I forbeare to fpcake of: all which dreames and oldc wines tales,you fhall from hencefborth call out of your bookes and metnorie 5knowing this that they are all and euery part of them falfe and moll vntrue. For I my felf’c and my feruaunts alfo haue digged vp, planted, and replanted verie many: &yet neuer could either pcrceiue fhape of man or woman, but fometimes one ftraight roote,fome- times two, and often fixe or feauen braunches comming from the mainc great roote; euen as na¬ ture lift to beftowe vpon it as to other plants. But the idle drones that haue little or nothing to do but cate and drinke, hauebeftowedfomeof their time in earning the rootesof Brionie, forming them to the fhape of men & women; which falfifyingpra&ife hath confirmed the errour amongft the dimple and vnlcarned people, who haue taken them vpon their report to be the true Man¬ drakes. The female Mandrake is like vnto the male, lauingthat the Ieaues heereof be of a more fwartc or darke greene colour; and the fruite is long like a peare,and the other is rounde like an apple. # The place. Mandrake groweth in hot regions, in woodes and mountaines, as in mount Garganus in Apu¬ lia,and fuch like places; we haue them onely plan¬ ted in gardens, and are not ellcwherc to be found in England. k The time. They Ipring vp with their Ieaues in March, and flower in the ende of Aprill: the fruite is ripe in Auguft. k The names. Mandrake is called of the Grajcians.^^e^e^j of diners and Circaa of Circe the Witch, who by Art could procure loue; for it hath beene thought that the roote heereof leruethto winne loue; of lb me v , inthropomorphos , and Morion : fome of the Jfiatines haue called it Ter¬ ra malum ^ and T erreiire malum , and Caninama- lus: fhoppes and other nations alfo do receiuc the Greeke name. DiofconJ.es faith that the male is called of diuers.^^and deferibeth’alio another Mandrake by the name of Morion: which is generally holden to be Solamrn Hortenfe , but of Ibme Circea lutetianafcut not properly: in Englifh we call it Mandrake, Mandrage, and Mandragon. k The temper attire. Mandrake hath a predominate coldefacultic, as Galen faith, that is tolaie colde in the thirde degree: but the roote is colde in the fourth de¬ gree. tf. The venues. Diojcorides doth particularly fez downe many faculties heereof,of which notwithftanding there A be none proper vnto it, failing thole that depende vpon the drowfie and fleeping power thereof, which (Jlfandr agora* mas comma. The male and female Mandrake. rSz THE SECOND EOOKE OF THE which qtialitie confifleth more in theroote then in any other part. B The apples are milder, and are reported that they may be eaten,being boiled with Pepper and other hot Ipices. C < 3 den faith, that the apples are lomcthing hot and moifl, and that the barke of the rootc is of greatefl flrengrli,and doth notonely coole, but alfo drie. D The iuice of the Ieaues is very prohtablie put into the ointment called Populeon , and all cooling ointments. E The iuice drawen foorth of the rootes, dried, and taken in fmall quantitie, purgeth tlie belly cx- Ce edingly from flegme and mclancholicke humours. ■ F It is good to be put into medicines and colliries, that do mitigate the paine of theeies: and put vnder as a peffarie it draweth foorth the dead childe and fecondine. G The grccne Ieaues (lamped with barrowes greace and barley meale, coole all hot fwcllings and inflammationstand they haue vertue to confume apoftemes and hot vlcers,beingbriifed&applied thereon. H A fuppofitorie made with the fame iuice and put into the fundament caufeth (leepe. I The wine wherein the roote hath bcenc boiled or infufed, prouoketh {leepe, and afiwageth f paine. K The (mell of the apples mooucth to (leepe likewife, but the iuice worketh more effectually if you take it in fmall quantitie. L Great and ftrangc effedls are fuppofed to be in Mandrakes, to caufe women tobefruitfull and beare children if they fhall but carie the fame neer vnto their bodies* Some do from hence ground it, for that Rahel deflred to haue hir fillers Mandrakes(as the text is tranflated) but if we looke well into the circumftaunces which there we (hallfinde, we may rather deeme otherwife. Yoong Ruben hroiighthomc amiable and Ivvecte fmelling Sowers ( for fo fignifleth die Hebrewe word, which is vfed Cantic. 7.13. in the fame fence:) and the lad brought them home rather for their beautie & (mell,then for their vertue. Now in the flowers of Mandrake there is no fuch dele&able or amiable (mell,as was in thefe amiable flowers which Ruben brought home. Befides we read not that Rahel conccaucd heercupon,for Leah Jacobs wife had fower children before God graunted that bleffing of fruitfulnefle vnto Rahel. And laft of all ( which ismychiefeft reafon) lacob was angrie with Rahel when fne faid, Giue me children elfe I die: and demaunded of hir whether he were in the (leade of God or no, who had vvithhelde from hir the fruite of hir bodie. And we know that the prophet Da- uid faith, 1 Children and the fruite of the wombe are theinheritauncc,that commeth from the Lord, Pfilm.127. M Seraplo^yJmenejxvA Paulas iMEgineta, do write, that the feede and fruite of Mandragoras ta¬ ken in drinke,do clenfe the matrix or motheiqand Diofcondes wrote the lame long before them. He that wouldeknow more heereof may read that chapter of dodtor Turner his booke concer¬ ning this matter,where he hath written largely and learnedly of this limple. Of Henbane . Chap. 6 1 . # The ktndes. ■) There be three forts or kinds of Henbane,the white,the blacke,and thcyellowc Henbane. '&T he defer ft ion: 1 He common blacke Henbane hath great and loft Halks; Ieaues very broade,lbft and wool- lie,fomewhat iagged,clpecially thofe that growe neere to the ground,and thofc that grow vpo the (talk,narrower,(mailer, & fharpcr.The flowers are bel falhion,ofa faint yellowifa white, and. browne within towards the bottome 5 when the flowers are gone,there commeth harde knobbiehuskes, like (mall cups or boxes wherein are (mail browne leedes. 2 The white Henbane is not much vnlike to the blacke, failing that his Ieaues are much (mailer, whiter and more woollie,& the flowers alfo whiter. The cods are like the other, but without pricks; it dieth in winter,an'd mud likewife be fewen againc the next yeere. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 283 & The place. Theblacke Henbane gtoweth almofteuery where by high waies 3 in the borders of dunghils and vntoiled places; blit the white Henbane is not found but in the gardens of thole that lone phificall plants: the which gtoweth in my garden and doth fowe it felfe from yeere to yeere. •& The time. They fpringout ofthe grounds in Maic, bringfoorth their flowers in Auguft, and thefeede is ripe in O&ober. The names. Henbane is called of fhe Grecians ■ of the Latines Apollinari* 3 and Faha fuilla : of the Arabians as Pliny faith i^iitercum^ of ibme Faha Iouis , or Iupiters beane: of Pyti agorae, ZoroaHes, and ^Apuleim in [an a Alter culum,Jymphoniaca , and Calicttlaris : of the Phrygians Remenia: of the Tufc anes Fahulonia and Faha let pin a • of CMathxus SyluaticuSyDens C a hallinus, Milimandrum Cafii la- go : of lac oh m a Manlijs Her ha Pinnule.: in {hops it is called Iu'cyiiiamtis and Hyojcyamm: in Englifh Henbane : in Italian Hyof^uiamo: inSpanifh Velenno • in high Dutch Btlfin htHUt X in French Hannchane^ Endormie: fo mi other Latinifts Hyofcyanms alb usy or white Henbane. # The temperature. Thele kinds of Henbane arc coldc in the fourth degree. ft The vertues. Henbane caufeth drowfinefle.,and mitigateth all kinde ofpaine. It is good againft hot & fliarpe A diftillations of the eies and other parts: it ftaieth bleeding and the difeafe in women : it is applied to inflammations of the (tones and other fecret parts. The leaucs ftamped with the ointment Populeony made ofpopler buds^affwageth the paine of the B eout. *84 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE pout and the fwellings of the dones,and the turnouts of womens breds ; and arc good to be put in¬ to the fame ointment,but in final! quantitic. C To vvafh the feete in the decodion of Henbane caufeth flccpe : or giuen in a glider it doth the famejand alfo the often fmclling to the flowers. _ D Theleaues,feed,and iuice taken inwardly caufeth an vnquiet fleepe 3 like vnto the fleepe of drun- kenneffe, which continueth long,and is deadly to the partie. E The feede of white Henbane is good againft the cough, the falling of wateric humours into the eies or bred, againft the inordinate fluxe of womens iflues, and all other ifliics of blood, taken in the weight often graines with water wherein honie hath beene fodden. F The roote boiled in vineger and the fame holdcn hot in the mouth, eafeth the paine of the teeth. The feede is vfed of mountibancke toothdrawers which rtinne about the countrey, tor to caufe woormes come foorth of mens teeth by burning it in a chafing difh with coles, the partie holding his mouth oner the fume thereof: but fome craftie companions to gaine money conuey fmall lute firings into the water, perfwading the patient that thofe fmall creeping beads came out of his mouth or other parts, which he intended to eafe. Of yellow Henbane^or Englijh Tabaco. Chap. 6 z* Y Ho fey am as luteus. Yellow Henbane. * The defection. Ellow Henbane growe th to the height or two cubits. The dalke is thicke, fat and greene of colour, full of afpungious pith; and is deluded intofundrie braunches, fet with fmooth and euen leaues, thicke, and full of iuice. The flowers growe at the tops of the braunches orderly placed, of a pale yellowe colour, fome- thing Idler then thofe of theblacke Henbane. The cups wherein the flowers do Aande ate like, but Idler, tenderer and without fharpe pointes, wherein is fet the huske or cod fomwhat rounde, full of very fmall feede like the feede of Mar- ierome .The roote is fmall and threddie, # The place. Yellow Henbane is fowen in gardens where it doth profper exceedingly, infomuch that it can¬ not be dedroied where it hath once fowen it felt, and is difperfed into the mod parts ofEnglande. •kThetime. It flowreth in the fommer moneths, and of¬ tentimes till Autumnebe farre fpent, in which time the feede commeth to perfection. •it The names. Yellow Henbane is called Hyofcymm luteus, of fome Petum, zn&Petun: of others HjcoJ/aM, of Nicot a French man that brought the feedes from the Indies j as alfo the feedes of the true Tabaco, whereof this hath beene taken for a , kinde, infomuch that VOhelius hath called it Duhius Tlyofcyamus , or doubtfull Henbane, as a plant participating of Henbane and Tabaco: and is vfed of diners in deede of Tabaco, and called by the lame name, tor that it hath beene broug from Trinidada,a place fo called in the Indies 5 as alfo from Virginia or Norembega for labaco, which doubtleffe taken in fmoke worketh the fame kind ©fdrunkennes that the right Tabaco com. 285 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The nature. This kinde of Henbane is thought offome to be coidc and moift; but after L'Oheiius it rather heareth thcncooleth at all,bicauleofthe biting tade, as alio that rofennes or guminindieit ispol- fcfTcd of, which is euidently perceiucd both in handling and chewing it in the mouth. ft 7 he vertws. . - This herbe preuaileth againft all apoftemes, tumours, inueterate vlcers, botches and fuch like, A being made into an vnguent or falue as followeth. Take of the greene leaues threepounde and a halfe,ftampe them very fmall in a done morter; ofoileoliue one quart; fet them to boile in a bradc pan or fuch like, vpon a gentle fire, continually dirring it vntill the herbes leeme blacke, and wiil not bubble nor boile any more; then fhall you haue an excellent greene oile, which being drained from the feces or drode, put the cleere and drained oile to the fire agaiue, adding thereto of waxe halfe a pounde, of rolen fower ounces,and of good turpen tine two ounces 5 melt them alto- gither and keepe it in pots for your vfe to cure inueterate vlcers, apodemes, burnings, greene wounds,and all cuts and hurts in the head,wherewith I haue gotten both crownes and credit. It is vfed offome in deede ofTabaco, but to fmall purpofc or profite, although it do dupifie or B dull the fences, and caufe that kinde of giddinede that Tabaco doth, and likewise fpitting, which any other herbe of hot temperature will do,as rofemarie, time, winter fauorie, fweete marierome, and fuch like,any of the which I like better to be taken in fmokc then this kinde of doubtful! Hen¬ bane. OfTabaco or Henbane ofTeru . Chap . 63 . ft The ktndes. Hp Here be two forts or kindes ofTabaco, one greater, the other leffer; the greater was brought . intoEurope out of the prouinces of America, which we call the wed Indies: the other from Trinidadaanllandeneerevnto the continent of the fame Indies; fome haue added a thirde fort, and others making the yellowe Henbane for a kinde thereof, although not properly. I Hofcyamm Perumanut. , 2 Sana SanTta In dor urn. Tabaco or Henbane of Peru. Tabaco ofTrinidada. 1 &S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The defer iption. » 1 Abaeo or Henbane of Pern, hath very great ftalkes of the bignefle of a chikies arme, I growing infertill and well dunged ground, of feauen or eight foote high, deuiding it felfe into fundriebraunchesofgreat length, whereon are placed in mod comely order verie faire long Icaues,broade,fmooth,and fharpe pointed, foft, and ofalight greene colour,fo faftned about the dalks, that they feetne to embrace and compafie it about.The flowers grow at the top of the (balks in fhape like abel flower, fomwhat long and cornered,hollow within,of a light carnation colour,tending to whitne He toward the brims. The feede is contcined in long fliarpe pointed cods or feede veflelsjlikevnto the feede of yellow Henbane, but fomewhat (mailer and browner of co¬ lour. The roote is great, thicke,and of a wooddie fubflaunce, with fome threddic firings annexed thereto. 2 Trinidada Tabaco hath a thicke,tough and fibrous roote,from which immediately rife vp long broade Ieaues,and fmooth,of a greenifn colour, letter then thofe of Peru, among which rifeth vp a ftalkc diuiding it felfe at the grounde into diners braunches, whereon are fet confufedly the like leaues, but letter: at the top of the dalks,dande vp long necked hollow flowers of a pale purple,ten¬ ding to a blu(h colour; after which fucceede the cods or feede veflels, including many final! feeds like vnto the feede of Marierom. The whole plant perifheth at the fiifl approch of winter. # The place. It was firfl brought into Europe out of the proumces of America,which is called the well Indies, in which is the prouince or countrey of Peru: but being now planted in the gardens of Europe, it profpereth very well,and commeth from feede in one yeere to beare both flowers and feede. The which I take to be better for the conflitution of our bodies, then that which is brought from India; and that growing in the Indies better for the people of the fame countrey; notwithstanding it is not Co thought nor receiued of our Tabackians; for according to the Englifh prouerbe; Far fetcht and dccre bought is bed for Ladies. & The time. Tabaco mud be fowen in the mod fruitcfull grounde that may be founde, carelefly cad abroade in the lowing,without raking it into the grounde or any fuch paine or indudrie taken, as is requifitc in thefowing ofocher feedes as my felfe hauc found by proofe, who haue experimented euery way to caufe it quickly to growe: for I haue committed lome to the earth in the ende ofMarch, fome in Aprill,andfomein the beginning of Maie, bidiufel durd not hazard allmyfeede at one time left fome vnkindly blad fhould happen after the (owing,which might be a great enimie thereunto. The names. The people of America call it Pstun: others Sacra Herba^fmcia Herha , and fana fanffa. Jndo~ dorum , Id Obeli] and Penrt^ and fome Hycfcyamus Fertmiamts, or Henbaiieof Peru: 2 {jcolaus Mor nardis nameth it Tabaco: that it is Hyofcyami (fiecics^ or a kinde of Henbane, not oncly the forme be¬ ing like to vellowe Henbane, but the qualitie ado doth declare; for it bringeth drowfinette, trou¬ bled! the fences, and maketh a man as it were drunke betaking of the fume oncly; as ^Andreas Theuctus teftifieth,(and common experience fheweth:) of fome it is called Ni cot tana : the whichl refer to the yeliowe Henbane for diftindion fake. The temperature. It is hot and dric,and that in-the fecond degree,as Mon at dis thinketh: and is withall of power to difeuffe orreloluc,and to clenfe away filthie humours, bailing alio acertainc fm all attrition and a ftupifien g or benumming qualitie, and purgeth by the doole: andc Momrdis writeth that it hath acertainepowertorefidpoiibn. And to prooueittobeeofahot temperature the biting quality of the leaues doth fhewe,which is cafily perceaued by tade: alfo the greene leaues laid vpon vlcers in finewie parts may feme for a proofe of heate in this plant; bicaufe they do draw out filth & cor¬ rupted matter, which a cold fimple would neuer do. The leaues likewifebeingchewed drawfoorth flegme and water, as doth alfo the fume taken when the leaues are dried: which things declare that this is not a little hot: for what things (oeuer being chewed orhelde in the mouth bring foorth flegme and water, the fame be all counted hot, astherooteofPellitorieofSpaine , of Saxifrage, and other things oflike power. Moreouerthe benumming qualitie hcereofis nothardtobe pen cciued, for vpon the taking of the fume at the mouth there followeth an infirmitie like vnto drun- kennefle HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 287 Petrus Bellonius in his thirde booke of Angularities doth declare; where alfo he fheweth that the Turkcs do oftentimes vfe Opium > and take one dram and a halfe thereof atone time; without anic other hurt following,fauing that they arc thereupon taken with a certaine light drunkennefie as it were. So alfo this Tabaco being in tafte biting, and in temperature hot, hath notwithftanding a benumming qualitie. Heereupon it feemeth tolollow, that not onely this Henbane of Peru, but al¬ fo the iuice ofpoppie orherwife called Opium , confifteth of diners parts, fome biting and hot, and others extreme colde,that is tofaie,ftupifieng or benumming: if fo be that this benumming qualitie procecae of extreme colde (as Galen and all the olde phifitions holde opinion:) butifthebenum- ming facultie doth not depende of an extreme colde qualitie,and that in the fourth degree,but pro¬ ceeded of the eTence of the fubftance; then may Tabaco be both colde and alfo benumming; of temperature hot and benumming, not by reafon of his temperature, but through the piopertie of his fubftaunce;otherwife then a purging medicine, which hath his force not from the temperature, but from the efience of the whole fubftance. ■y, T he vertues. Nicolaus Moturdis faith that theleaues hereof are a rcmedic for the paine in the head called the A Megram or Migraime that hath beene oflong continuance : and alfo for a colde ftomacke, eipeci- ally in children; and that it is good againft the paines in the kidncies. Itisaprefentremedieforthefitsof the mother: it mitigated the paine of the gout if they bee B rotted in hot embers and applied to the greeued part. Itislikewifearemedieforthe toothach, if the teeth and gummes bee rubbed with a linnen C cloth dipped in the iuice;and afterward a rounde ball of the leaues laid vnto the place. The iuice boiled with fugar in forme of a lirupe and inwardly taken, driueth foorth woormes of D the bellie; if withall a leafe be laide to the nauell. The fame doth likewile fcoure and clenfe olde and rotten vlcers , and bringeth them to perfect E digeftion as the lame author affirmed. In the low countries it is vied againft fcabsand filthineffeof the skin,& for the cure ofwounds: F but fome holde opinion that it is to be vied but onely to hot and ftrong bodies: for they fay that the vfe is not lafe in weake and olde folke: and for this caufe, as it feemeth, the women in America ( as Thcuetus faith)abftaine from the htibzPetun or Tabaco,and do in no wife vie it. The weight of fo wer ounces of the iuice heereof drunke purged both vpwards and downwards, G and procured after along & found fleepe,as we haue learned of a friend by obleruation, affirming that a ftrong countrieman of a middle age,hauing a dropfie, tooke ofit, and being wakened out of his lleepe,called for meatc and drinke,and after that became perfectly whole. Moreouer the fame man reported, that he had cured many countriemen of agues with the deftil- H led water of the leaues drunke a little while before the fit. Like wife there is an oile to be taken out of the leaues that healeth merrie galles,kibed heeles and I filch like. It is good againft poilon,and taketh away the malignitie thereof, if the iuice be giuen to drinke, K or the wounds ofvenemous beafts be wafhed therewith. The drie leaues are vied to be taken in a pipe let on fire and fuckt into the ftomacke, and thruft L foorth again at the nofthrils againft the paines of the head,rheumes,aches in any part of the bodie, whereoffoeuer the origin all doth proceed,whether from Fraunce, Italy, Spaine,Indies,or from our familiar and belt knowne difeafes .-thole leaues do palliate or eafe for a time,but neuer performe any cure abfolutely : for although they emptie the bodie of humours, yet thecaule of the griefe cannot be fo taken away. But lome haue learned this principle,that repletion requireth euacuation; that is, fulneffecranethemptinefle, and by euacuation allure thcmfelues of health: but this doth not take away fo much with it this day, but the next bringeth with it more; as for example, a Well doth neuer yeelde fuch ftore of water as when it is moft dravvneand emptied. Myfelfe Ipeake by proofe, who haue cured of that infe&ious dileale a great many;diuers of which had couered or kept vnder the licknefte by the helpe of Tabaco as they thought, yet in the ende haue beene conftrained to haue vnto fuch an hard knot,a crabbed wedge,or elfe had vcterly perifhed. Some vfe to drinke it (as it is rearmed) for wantonnefte or rather cuftcme. and cannot forbcare M it THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it no not in the middeft of their dinners which Linde of taking is vnhol§>me and very daungerous: although to take it feldome and that PhificaUy is to be tolerated and may do fomc good,but I com- mendethe fyrnpe aboue this fume or fmokie medicine. vt Xt is taken offome phifically in a pipe for that purpofc once in a day at the moft, and that in the morning falling againft paines in the head, ftomacke, andgriefe in the breftand lungs: againft catarrhes and rheumes,and fuch as haue gotten colde and hoarfenefle. O Some haue reported that it little preuaileth againft an hot difeafe * and that it profiteth an hot complexion nothing at all: but experience hath not ihewed it to be iniurious to either, p They that haue feene the proofe heereof, haue.crediblie reported, that when the Moores and In. dians haue fainted either for want of foode or reft, this hath becnc a prefent reinedie vnto them to fupplic the one,and to helpe them to the other. O The priefts and inchauntcrs ofthe hot countries do take the fume therofvntill they be drunken, ^that after thev haue lien for dead three or fower howers, they may tell the people what woonders, vifions or iilufions they haue feene,and fo giue them a propheticall direction or foretelling (if wee may truft the diuell)of the fuccefle of their bufinefle. . R The iuice or diftilled water ofthe firft kinde, is very good againft catarrhes 3 the dizzinefle ofthe heade and rheumes that fall downe the cies, againft the painc called the migram, if either you applic it vnto the temples or take one or two grecncleaues, or adneleafemoiftned in wine, and dried cunningly vpon the embers and laid thereto. . S * It clecreth the fight,and taketh away the webs and fpots thereof, being annotated with the mice T^°The oile or iuice dropped into the eares is good againft deafenefle; a cloth dipped in the fame and laide vpon the face,taketh away the lentils, rednefte,and fpots thereof. V Many notable medicines are made heereof againft the olde and inuetcratc cough, againit altn- maticall or pedorail griefes, which if I fhouldc fet downe at large, woulde require a peculiar vo- X It is piuen to fuch as are accuftomed to fwoune, and ate troubled with the collicke & windinefle, aeaiuft the droofie,the w'oormes in children,the piles and the feiatica. Y It is vfed in outward medicines either the herbe boiled with oile, waxe, rofin and turpentine, as before is fet downe in yellowc Henbane,or the extraction thereof with ialt, oile, balfame , the di¬ ftilled water and fuch like, againft tumours,apoftemes,olde vlcers,ofhard curacion,botches, icabs, flinging with nettles, carbuncles,poifoned arrowes, and woundcs made with guns or any other 7 ^Itis excellent good in burnings and foldings with fire,water,oile,lightning,or fuch like, boiled with ho^s greace in forme of an ointment,which I haue often prooued and found moft true,addi g a little oi the iuice of thomc apple leaues,fprcading it vpon a cloth and io applying it. I do make heereof an excellent balfame to cure deepe wounds and pun&ures,maGC oy fomenar- towe fharpe pointed weapon: whichbalfame doth bring vp the flefti from the bottome veryfpee- dilv and alfo hcale fimple cuts in the flefti according to the firn. intention, that is, to glewe or foder the lips of the wound togither,not procuring matter or corruption vnto it,as is commonly feene in A the healing of wounds. The rc'ccit is this, take oile of roles,oile of Saint lohnswoort,of either one 1 pint, the leaues of Tabaco ftamped fmall in a ftonc morter two pound 5 bode them togither .o the consumption of the iuice,ftraine it and put it to the fire againe, adding thereto of Venice Turpen - tine two ounces, of olibanum & mafticke of either halfe an ounce,m moft fine & fubtill powder, h - which you may at all times make into an vnguent or falue by putting thereto waxe and rofin to gn e vnto it a ftiffe bodie, which worketh exceeding well in malighe and virulent vlceis, asmw ° l and pundurcs: I fendc this iewell vnto you women of all forts, especially to fuch as cure and he P the poorc and impotent of your countrie without rewarde. But vnto the beggerly rabble f witches, charmers, &fuch like coufeners, that regarde more to get money then to helpefor c a tie I wifn thefe fewe medicines far from their vnderftanding, and from thofe deceiuc \ s J h I V wiftito bee ignoraunte hcercin . Butcurtepus gentlewomen, 1 may not for the ?^®*a beare vnto fuch, hide any thing from you of fuch importaunce: and therefore take one more tha fol'oweth wherewith I haue done very many and good cures,although of final! coft, but regar B^ttekffihatcaufe. Take the leaues of ^baco two pounde, hoggesgreafe one pound ftampe the herbe fmal in a ftonc morter,putting therco a final cupful of red or clare t wme 3 ftir r ie^ HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 285) well togither,couer the morter from filth and Co let it reft vntill morning; then put it to the fire and Jet it boiie gently continually ftirring it vntill the confumption of the wine;ftraine it and fet it to the fire againe,putting thereto the iuice of the herbe one pounde,of Venice Turpentine fower ounces 5 boiie them togither to the conftimption of the iuice,then adde thereto oftherootesof round eytri- , (lochia or birth vvoort in moft fine powder two ounces,fufficientwaxe to giueitabody, the which ,keepe for thy wounded poore neighbour, as ahb the olde and filthie vlcers of the legges and other parts offuch as hatic neede of helpe. Of tree Offhtfliade. Chap. 6^. Amomtim plinij. Tree Nightfhade. . kThe definition. T His rare and pleafaunt plant, called tree Nightfhade, is taken of Tome to be akinde of Ginnie pepper,but not rightly; of others fora kinde of Nightfhade, vvhofe judgement and cenfurel gladly admit; for that it doth more fitly anfiver it both in the forme and nature. It groweth vppe like vnto a (mall fhrubbe or wooddiehedge bufh, two or three cubits high , couered with a grecnifh barke fet with many fmall ewiggie braun- ches, and garnifhed with many long leaues verie greene, like vnto thofe of the peach tree. The flowers are white , with a certaine yellowe pricke or pointell in the middle, like vnto the flowers of garden Nightfhade. After which fuc- ccede (mall rounde berries verie red of colour, and of the fame fubftance with winter cherries, wher- in are conteined little flat yellow (eedes.The roote is compad of many fmall hairie yellow (fringes. k The place. It groweth not wildc in thefe colde regions, but vvehaue them in our gardens, rather for pleafure then profite, or any good qualitic as yet knowne. A The time. It is kept in pots and tubs with earth and fuch like in hoiifes during the extremitieof winter, bi- caufc it cannot endure the eoldnefle of our colde clymate, and is (et abroade into the garden in March or Aprilhit flowreth in Maie,and the fruite is ripe in September. •• k The names. Tree Nightfhade is called in Latine Solanum arbor efeens , offotne Sticknodendron, and Strichnc - dendron: Amomum of Plinie : and Pfeudocapftcum of Dodoneuts. kThe nature and vertices. We haue not as yet any thing fet downe as touching the temperature or vertues of this plant, but is referred offome to the kinds of Ginnie pepper, but without any reafon at all; for Ginny pep¬ per though it bringfoorth fruite verie like in fhape vnto this plant,yet in tafte moft vnlike, for that Capficum or Ginny pepper is more fharpe in tafte then our common pepper; and the other hath no tafte cfbiting atall,but is like vnto theberries of garden Nightfhade in tafte, although they differ i in colour: which hath mooued feme to call this plant red Nightfhade,of the colour of the berries: and tree Nightfhade,of the wooddy fubftance which doth continue and grow from yeere to yeere: and Ginnie pepper dieth at the firft approch of winter. T i Of 2pG THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of c Balme appleapple of Hierufalem. Chap. 6% I Bxlfamma mas. The male Baifam apple. 2 Balfimma feewim. The female Baifam apple it The deferipicn. 1 ’“ip He male Baline apple hath long,(mall, and tender braunebes, fe t with leaues like thole of | the vine; and the like final clafping tendrels wherewith it catcheth holde of fuch things as do growe neere vnto it, not able by realon of his weakcnefTc to ftande vpright without fome pole or other thing to fupport it. The flowers confift of flue ftnall leaues of a ineanc bignes, andareof a faint yellowe colour: which being pad, there docomein place longapples, fomething fharpe toward the point almofl: like an egge, rough all oner as it were with fmall harm- idle prickels,red both within and without when they be ripe,and cleaue in funder of themlelues: in the apple lieth great broadc flat feede,Iike thofe ofPotnpion or Citrull; but fomething blacke when they be withered. The roote is threddie,and difperfech it lelfe farre abroad in the ground. # 2 The female Balme apple doth not a little differ frorfi the former: it bringeth foorth Bailees not running or clyming like the other, but a moft thickeandfat truncke or flockefullof iuice, infub- flance like the flalkes ol Purflane,ofa reddifh colour and fom what fhining. The leaues be long and narrowe, in fhape like thofe of willowe or the peach tree, feme what toothed or notched about the edges: among which grow the flowers of an incarnate colour tending to blewnefle, hauing a fmall fpur or taile annexed therto as hath the Larkes heele, of a faire light crimfbn colour: in their places come vp the fruite or apples rough and hairie, but leffer then thofe of the former,yellow when they be ripe, which likevvile cleaue a (under of themfclues and calf abroad their feedes much like vnto Lentils feecles faith mine author. But thofe which I haue from yecre to yeere in my garden , bring foorth feede like the Coleflorey or Muftarde feede; whether they bee of two kindes, or the cli¬ mate do alter the fhape,it refteth difputable. &Th: HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 291 tie Theplace. Theft plants do profper bed in hot regions: They are ftraungers in England;, and do with great labour and induftrie giowe in theft colde countries. ie The time. They muft be lowen in the beginning of Aprill in a bed of hot horftdung, euen as mtiskc Me¬ lons,'Cucumbetsyandfilch like colde fruites are ; and replanted abroad from the /aide bed into the mofthot and fertill place of the garden at Inch time,as they hauc gotten three leaues apeece. The names. Diuerfly hath this plant bcene named, fome calling it by one name, and fome by another,euerie oneasitftemedgoodtohisfancie. Baptifla SardusCdMexh it Bdfimina Cuctmer ina • others Viti- *f#<j,and charantiapxs alfo Pomum Hierojolymitanum , or apples of Hierufalem: in Englifh Balme apple: in Italian Caranza: in the Germaine toong IMfattlOpiTeL in French Merueille: fome of the Latincs haue called it Pomum mirabile^ or maruelous apples. It is thought to be named B Ifa- mina bicauft the oile wherein the ripe apples be fteepedor infufed, is taken to be profitable for ma¬ nic things,as is Carpobaljamum ^or the liquor of the plan t Bdfamum. The female Balfam apple is likewift called Bxifamim: and oftentimes in the Neuter gender Bd- f&minwn' Gefner chofeth rather to name it Balfamina amygdaloides' Valerius Cordus Bdfamella :others \ Balfamina famina ’ in Englifh the female Balme apples. tie The nature. The fruite or apples heereof,as alfo the leaues, do notablie diie,hailing withall a certaine mode¬ rate coldnefle very neere to a meane temperature,that is,after fome hot in the firft, and drie in the fecond degree. tie The venues. The leaues are reported to heale greene wounds if they be bruftd and laide thereon; and taken with wine they arefaidetobearemediefor the collicke; and an cffe&uall medicine forburftings and conuulfions or crampes. Theleauesofthemale dried in the fliadowe, and beaten into powder and giuen in g wine vnto thoft that are mortally wounded in the bodie, doth cure them inwardly, and helpeth alfo the collicke. The oile which is drawen foorth of the fruite doth cure all greene and frefih woundcs as the true q naturallBalfam: it helpeth the crampes and conuulfions and the fhrinking of finewes, being an- nointed therewith. It profiteth women that are in great extremitie of childbirth in taking away the paine of rhema- X) trix,caufing eafie deliuerance being applied to the place, and annointed vpon their bellies, or caft into the matrix with a fyring, and eafeth the dolour of the inward parts. It cureth the Hemorrhoides and all other paines of the fundament, being thereto applied with £ lint of old clouts. The leaues drunken in wine, heale ruptures. p I find little or nothing written of the property or vertucs of the female kind,but that it is thought Q to drawe neere vnto the firft in temperament and vertue. Oyle oliue in which the fiuite(the feede taken foorth)is either fet in the funne as we do when we H make oile of roles, or boiled in a double glafie fet in hot water, orclfe buried in hot horfe dung; taketh away inflammations that are in wounds. It doth alfo eafily and in fhort time confbiidate or glcw them togither,and perfedtly cure them. It cureth the vlcers of the dugges or paps, the head of the yarde or matrix, as alfo the inflamma-1 tion thereof being iniedted or conueied into the place with a fyringe or mother peffarie. This apple is with good fuccefte applied vnto wounds,prickes, and hurts of the finewes. It hath K great force to cure fcaidingsandburnings: it taketh away fcarres and blemifhes, if in the meane time the powder of the leaues be taken for certaine daies togither. It is reported that fuch as be barren are made fruitfull heerewith, if the woman-firft be bathed in £ a fit and conuenient bath for the purpofe, & the parts about the fhare and matrix annointed heer- with,and the woman prefently haue the companie of hir husbande. TV Oj 2 92 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Cjinnie orfndian Tepper. Cbap.66. i Capfictan longioribuifdzquis. Long codded Ginnie Pepper* 2 Capficum minimi*filzquit. Small codded Ginnie Pepper, itT he deferiq/tion. 1 >—|-h He flrfl: of thefe plants haue fquare (hikes a foote high or fomewhat more,fet with many I thicke and fat leaues,not vnlike to thole of garden Nightfhade, but narrower & (harper ^ pointed,ofa dark greene colour. The (lowers grow alongft the (Talks out of the wings o( thcleaues ofa white colour ,hauing for the mod; part fine fmallleaues bla(ingoutlikeaftar,witha greene button in the middle. After them growe the cods, greene at the firft, and when they be ripe of a braue colour glittering like red coral!,in which is conteined little flat (eedes of a light yellowe colour, ofa hot biting tafle like common pepper, asisalfothe coditfelfe: which is long, and as bigge as a Anger and fharpe pointed, 2 Thefecondkindeof Ginnie peoperislike vnto the precedent inleaues , flowers, and (hikes. The cods heereofare fmall, rounde,andredde, verielike vnto the berries of Dulcamara or woodc Nightfhade, both in bignefle, 1 colour,and fubftaunce, wherein confifteth the difference: notwith* (landing the (eede and cods are verie fharpe and biting,as arc thofe of the firfl: kinde. it The place. Thefe plants are brought from forren countries, as Ginnie, India, and thofe parts, into Spaine and Italy.- from whence wee haue receiued (eede for our Englifh gardens, where they come to finite bearing: but the cod doth not come to that bright red colour which naturally it is poffeflcd with, which hath hapned by reafon of thefe vnkindely yceres that are pad: but we expeft better when God (hall fends vs a hot and temperate yeere. it The i * 9 $ HISTORIE OF PLANTS. * The time. The feedes heereofmuft be Ibwen in a bed ofhot horfedung, as rnuske Melons arc, and remoo- ued into a pot when it hath gotten three or fower leaues, that it may the more conncniently be ca- ried from place to place to receiue the heate of the funne: and are towarde Autumne to be caried into fome horde, to auoide the iniurie ofthecolde nights of that time of the yeere vvhen it is to bearehisfruite. ft The aames. Actuarius calleth it in Creeke j^jwV , in Latin Capjicum:& it is thought to be that which Anicenne nameth Zinzibcr caninum^ or dogs Ginger: and Pliny Stliquajlrum , which is more likeintafteto pepper then is Pamx , and it is therefore called Piperitis , as hee hath written in his ip.booke 12. chapter: Pamx(faith he)hath the tafte of pepper and Siliauajlrum^O'i'which caufe it is called Pipe- ritii. The later Herbariftes do oftentimes call it Piper ImUanumpx. Indicum , fbmetimes Piper Cale - cuthiumpi Piper HiJ}anicum:'m Englfth it is called Ginnie pepper, and Indian pepper: in the Ger¬ maine toong JntJiamfchEr Pfefff l * in lowe Dutch Pepfr ♦ in French Poiure d’ Indent- newcll knowne in the (hoppes at Billinglgate by the name of Ginnie pepper, whereitis vfuallyto be bought. The temperature. Ginnie pepper is extreme hot and drie euen in the fourth degree: that is to (aie, farre hotter and drier then Auicen fheweth dogs ginger to be. ' The vermes. Ginnie pepper hath the tafte of pepper, but not the power or vertue, notwithftanding in Spaine and fundrie parts of the Indies they do vfe todrefle their meate therewith, as we do with Calecute pepper :but(faith my author)it hath in it a malitious qualitie,wherebyit is an enimie to the liner &: other of the entrails j ^Auicen writeth that it killeth dogs. Itisfaidetodieorcolourlikefaffron,andbeingreceiuedinfuchfortas faffronis vfually taken, B itwarmeth theftomackc,and helpeth greatly the digeftion ofmeates. It diftoluerh the fvvellings about the throte called the Kings Euill, as kernels and coldfwellings j G and taketh away fpots and lentilcs from the face, being applied therto with honie. Of horned Toppie, Chap ,6j. 'k'The kindes. HP Here be fundrie forts of homed Poppies,differing in foile, ftature, andproportion, colour of flowersandleaues.Thefiguresof two of the chiefeftfhall be fet downe: the reft we intende toleaue either vnto a fecond Edition,or a further confideration. izThedcfeription. 1 ■"T"* He yellowe horned Poppic hath whitifh leaues very much cut or lagged, fomewhat like the leaues of garden Poppie,but rougher and more hairic.The ftalks be long, rounde, and brittle. The flowers be large and yellow,conftfting of fower leauesjwhich being paft,there jcomelong huskesor cods, crooked like an home or comet, wherein is concerned fmall blacke feede. The roote is great, thicke,(calie and rough,continuing long. 2 The fecond kindeof horned poppic is much flenderer and lefter then the precedent, and hath leaues like deepe cuts a^Rocket hath,and fomething hairie. The ftalkes be verie (lender,brittle,and braunched intodiuersarm.es or wings j the flowers fmall, made offower little leaues, ofared co¬ lour,with a (mallftrake of blacke towarde the bottome,after which commeth the feede, inclofed in (lender, long, crooked cods fuH of blackifh feede. The roote is fmall and (ingle, anddieth euery yeere. I Papauer THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Papauer cor nutum fiore luteo. 2 Papauer cor nuttmfore rubra. Yellowe horned Poppie. Red horned Poppie. 3 Papauer cornutumfiore violaceol Violet colour horned Poppey. 4 Papauer cornutum luteum minus. Small yellowe homed Poppie. -kThi t HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 2<?5 p- The defer jpt ion. 5 There is another fort ofhorned Poppie altogither letter then the latt defcribed,haiiing tenderer leaues, cut into fine little parcels: the flower is likewife letter, of a blew purple colour like the dou¬ ble Violet. 4 There is founde another fort hailing leaues like Rewe, with fmalland lowcftalkcs, and little yellowe flowers compadl of fixe fmall leaues,three bigger,the reft letter. & The place. The yellowe horned Poppie groweth vpon the fandes and bankes of the fea: I found it growing necrcvntoRieinKent:intheIlesof Shepey andThanet: at Lee in Ettex: at Harwich, atWbite- ftable,and many other places alongft the Englifh coaft. The feconde groweth not wilde in England. Angelin Palea , and Purtholcmansab Vrbe-vcteruw, whohaue commented vpon Mefue ^ write that they founde this red horned Poppie in the king- domes of Arragon and Caftilein Spaine,and infieldes neere vnto common paths. They do growe in iny garden very plentifully. The time. They flower from Maie to the ende of Auguft. ^ The names. Moft writers haue taken horned Poppie, efpecially that with red flowers to be GLucium , neither are they in their opinion deceiued: for as Diofeorides faith , Giancium hath leaues like thofe of hor¬ ned Poppey, but , that is to faie fatter,^-^**? lovve,or lying on the grounde, of a ftrong fmcllandofa bitter taftc: theiuice alfo is much like in colour to faffron. Moreouer LOhelius doth witnefle that this horned Poppie hath the fame kind of iuice; as my felfe likewife can teftifie. Diofco- fides faith that G line turn groweth about Hierapolis, a citie in Syria : but what hindreth that it fhould not be found alfo fome where elfe:fo that by the concordance of all authors for the moft part, it is the true and legitimate Glaudum of D iofeorides: of fome it is called Mccon Ceratites: in Englifh fea Poppie, and horned Poppie: in Dutch and UH£ X in the Germaine toong X in French Pauet Cornu: in Spanifh Dor wider a mar in a. & The nature. Horned Poppies are hot and drie in the thirde degree. t : •/ v ' ' 'klhevertues. The roote ofhorned Poppie boiled in water vnto the confumption of the one halfe, and drnnke, prouoketh vrine,and openeth the flopping of the liner. T he feede taken in the quantitie of a fpoonefull, loofeth the bcilie gently. The iuice mixed with meale and honic,mundifieth olde rotten and filthie vlcers. • The leaues and flowers put into Vnguents or falues appropriate for greene woundes, digefte them,that is,bringe them to white matter,with perfedl quitture or fanies. Ofgarden Top pie. Chap. 68. % The kinds. T Ike as there be fundry forts ofhorned Poppies,fo are there of tame,or of the garden. The which fhall be diftinguifhed into two kinds, that is to faie, the Angle flovvredPoppie ofthe garden, and the double flovvred Poppie: and feeing the difference of thofe double ones, confifteth onely in the colour of the flowers: it fhall fuffice to deferibe fome two of them, and giue you the figures of the reft with their feuerall colours in their titles,which fhall fufficiently fet foorth their defcrjption. it The defersption. 1 He leaues ofwhite Poppie are long,broad,fmooth,longer then the leaues ofLettu.ce,whi- jl ter,and cut in the edges: the ftem or ftalke is ftraight and brittle, oftentimes a yarde and a halfe high: on the top wherof grow white flowers, in which at the very beginning appee- reth a final head,accompanied with a number ofthreds or chines,which being full growen is round, and yet fomthing long withall, and hath a couer or crownet vpon the top 5 it is with many filmes or thinne skins diuided into coffers or feuerall partitions, in which is conteined abundaunce of final! round and whitifh fcede.The roote groweth deepe,and is of no eftimation nor continuance. 2 Like vnto this is the blacke garden Poppie, failing that the flowers ate more white and fhining, fpotted or ftraked with fome lines of purple. The leaues are greater,more iagged,and fharper poin- ted.The feede is likewife blackerpvhich maketh the difference, T 4 ] 2 $6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i Papauerfatirnrn album. White garden Poppie. 2 Papauer fatiuum nigrum. Blacke garden Poppie. 3 Papauer nigrum polyanth on. Double blacke Poppie. 4 Papauer album multiflorum. Double white Poppie. / 25)8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The place. Thcfc kindes ofPoppies are fowen in gardens, which do afterwarde come of the fallings of the {cede. ft The time. They Rower moil: commonly in Line, The leede is perfected in Inly and Auguft. ft The names. Poppie is called of the Grecians oftheLatines Papauer : thefhoppes keepe the Latine name: it is called in high Dutch 03 agfShl£n ♦ in lowe Dutch fptICl and Q^attCOp $in Englifh Pop- pic, and Checfcbowles: in French Pauot, and Ohette Gallobelgis. The garden Poppie which hath blacke feedes,is furnamed of Dzojcor ides or wildc, and isas he faith, called . bicaufe Opium is gathered from it: of Plinie and of the Latines Papauer ni¬ grum: and of moftof our age of the red colour of the flowers Papauer rubrum ^ or redde Poppie, whereof there bee many variable colours and of great beautie, although of cuill fmcll, whereupon our gentlewomen do call it lone filuer pin. ft The temperature. All the Poppies are coIde,as Galen teftifieth in his booke of the faculties of Ample medicines. . ft The'verifies. The feede,as Galen faith in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments, is good to leafon breade with j but the white is better then the blacke. Hee alio addeth that the fame is coldc andcaufeth fleepe,and yeeldeth no commendable nourifhment to thebodicj it is often vfed in comfits, or fer- ued at the table with other iunketting difhes. B The oile which is preffed out of it is pleafant and delightfull to be eaten, and is taken with bread or any other waies in meate,without any fence of cooling. C A greater force is in the knobs or heads which do fpecially preuaile to raooue fleepe,and to flay and reprefie diftillations or rhcumes 3 and come neere in force to Opium , but more gentl e.Opium, or thehardciuiceofPoppieheadsisftrongeftofall: Meconium ( which is the iuice of the heads and leaues)is weaker ."Both of them any waies taken either inwardly, or outwardly applied to the heade, prouoke fleepe. Opium fbmewhat'too plentifully taken doth alfb bring death, as Plinie triielie wri- teth. / • •• D It mitigateth all kindes of paines: but it leaueth behinde it oftentimes a milchiefe wborfc then the difeafe it fclfe, and that hard to be cured.as a dead palfie and fuch like. E The vie of it^sGaleninhis n.bookeofmedicinesaccordingtotheplaces affe&ed faith,is fo of- fenfiue to the firme and folide partes of the bodie 3 as that they hadneede afterwardes to bee rc- ftored. F So alfo colliries or eie medicines made with Opium haue beenc hurtfull to manyjinfbmuch that they haue weakned the eies, dulled the fight of thofe that haue vfed it:it bringeth hardnes of hea¬ ring whatfoeuer is compounded of Opium to mittigate the extreme paines of the cares. Wherfore all thofe medicines and compoundes are to be fhunned that are made of Opium 3 and are not to be vfed but in extreme neceflitie, and that is, when no other mitigater or affwager of paine doth any thing preuaile, as Galen in his thirde booke of medicines according to the places affe6fced,doth eui* dently declare. G The leaues of Poppie boiled in water with a little fugar & drunke,caufeth fleeperor if it be boi¬ led without fugar, and the head, feete, and temples bathed therewith,it doth effed: the fame. H The heads of Poppie boiled in water with fugar in manner of a firupe cauferh fleepe, and is good againft rheumes and catarrhes that diftill and fall downe from the braine into the lungs,and eafeth the cough. I The greene knops of Poppie Lamped with barly mcale, & a little barrowes grcafe,helpeth Saint Anthonies ficr,called Ignis facer. K The Ieaues,knops,and feede,ftamped with vineger,womans milke, and faffron,cureth Eryjipelas, (another kind of Saint Anthonies fire:) and eafeth the gout mightily,and put into the fundament as a differ,caufcth fleepe. L The feede of blacke Poppie drunke in wine ftoppeth the fluxe of the bellie, and the ouermuch flowing of womens fickncfle. M A caudle made of the feede of white Poppie,or made into almonde nailke,and fo giuen,caufeth Of fleepe. % HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *99 Of come d\ose 3 or wide Top pie. Qhap. 69. l Papauer Rhceas. Wilde Poppic. 2 Papauer caduco flore multiplex Double wilde Poppie. ft The description. 1 > “T“ h Heftalkesof wilde Poppie be blacke, tender, and brittle, lo mewhathairie. Theleaues I are cut rounde about with deepe gafhes like thole of Succorie, or of Rocket. The flowers grow foorth at the tops of the (talks, being of a beautifuil and gallant red colour, with blackifh threddes compaffing about the middle part of the head: which being fully growen, is lefler than that of the garden Poppie. The leede is fmall and blacke. 2 There is alfo a lefler kinde heereof,with fmallcr leaues,not fo deepely fnipt about the edges,buc a little nickt or toothed; in other points agreeing with the former, fauingthat the flowers of this are fomewhat doubled. ft The place. They growe in eatable grounds among wheat, fpelt, lie, barley,otes,and other graine, anditi the borders offieldes. ft The time. The fieldes are garnifhed and ouer'pred with thefe wilde Poppies in lime and Auguft. ft The names. Wilde Poppie is called in Greeke of Diofcondesyxw v ■ in Latine Pap me r erratkwn: Gaza na~ metn it Papauerfluidum: in (hops P pauer rubruidtL’Obcliuspaj; alter Rhceas } bicaufe the flower ther- of loon falleth away; which name Rhcc-ts may for the fame caufe be common, not only to thefe, but alio to the others, if it be fo called of the Ipeedie falling of the flowers: but if itbefurnamed Rhceas of the falling away of the feed (asitappeercrh)thenlhallit be proper to ail the reft, whole flowers do not qnelv; quickly fall awaie,but the feece a lib*: in French Cocmelicot .Ccnfanons , P auot famtage , in Dutch full;c Izzm ea 3 € m tc itn : in high Dutch mmu BcifUfl ■ 7 , ftThe 300 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 4 ft 'The nature. The facultie of the wilde Poppies is like to that of the other Poppies: that is to faie colde, and caufmgfleepe. ft The vertues. + ■ Mod men being led rather by falfe experiments then reafon, commende the flowers againd ^ thepleurifie 3 giuingtodrinke aflooneasthe paine commeth, either the diftilled water, orfyrupe made by often infilling the Ieaues. And yet many times it hapneth that the paine ceafeth by that rneanes, though hardly fomtimes,by reafon that the fpittle commeth vp hardly and with more dif¬ ficult! e.efpecialiy in thofe that are weake and haue not a ftrong conditution ofbodie. BaptiBa Sar - dm might be counted the author of this errotir; who hath written that mod men hauegiuen the flowers of thisPoppie againd the paine of the fldes: and that it is good againd the ipitting of blood. . It is manifed that this wilde Poppie is that of which the compodtion Diacodium is to be made: D as Galen hath at large entreated in his feuenth booke of medicines according to the places affec¬ ted. Crito alfo,and after him T hemifo, and Democrates do appoint *%iov, or the wilde Poppie,to bee in the fame compofition; and euen that fame Democrates addeth, that it fhoulde bee that which is not fowen: and fuch an one is this,which growet'n without lowing. Ofbaflarde voilde 'Toppie. Qbap.jo. \ . l t^Arqemone capitulo torulo. 2 Argemone capitulo lon^iore. ftThedefcriptton. T He firfl of thefe badard wilde Poppies, hath flender weake flems a foote high, rough and hairie, let with Ieaues notvnliketothofeof rocket, madeofmany final Ieaues, deepe- ly cut or iagged about the edges. The flowers grow at the top of the dalks of a red colour, with HISTORIE OF PLANTS. . 301 wifh fomc frnall blacknefle toward thebottome. The feede is fmall conteined in little round knobs. The rootc is finall and threddie. 2 The fccond is like the firft,failing that the cods heercof be long, and the other more rounde, :(wherein the difference doth confift. it The place. ' Thefe plants do growe in the corne fieldes in Somerfetfhire,and by the hedges and high waiesj as yc'e trauell from London to Bathe.. HObel>us founde it growing' in the next fielde vnro a village in Kent called Sou’thfleete, my felfe being in his companie, of pui pbfe to difeouer Lome ftrange plants,not hitherto written of. it The time. They flower in the beginning of Auguft,and their (cede is ripe at the ende thereof. it The names. The baftardwilde Poppie is called in Greeke Ap3*«rfw: inLatine ^Argemone,^Argemonia y Concor- diajConcorAalis, 2nd Her ha liburnica : of fotnc Pergalmm^ArfeU^ and Sarcocolla Herba : in Englifh winde Rofe,and baftarde wilde Poppie. it The temperature. They are hot and dric in the third degree. it The vertues. The Icaues ftamped ,and thciuice dropped into the eies cafeth the inflammation therof;and cn- A reth the difeafe in the eie called o irgema , whereof it tooke his name : which difeafe when it hap- neth on the blacke of the eie it appeereth white; and contrariwife when it is in the white, then it appeereth blacke of colour. The leaues ftamped and bound vnto the eies or face that are blacke or blewe by meanes of fomc B bloweor ftripc,doth perfedly take it away.Thedrie herbe fteeped in warme water,vvorketh the like effed. The leaues and rootes ftamped,and the iuice giuen in drinke,helpeth the wringings or gripings C of the belly. The drie herbe infufed in warme water doth the fame effedually. The herbe ftamped,cureth any wounde,vIcer, canker,orfiftula, being made vp into an vnguent D c falue 3 with oile,waxe,and a little turpentine. The iuice taken in the waight of two drammes with winc^mightely expelleth poifon or any ve- nome. The iuice taketh awaie warts if they bee rubbed therewith 5 and being taken inmeateithelpeth the mile or fplecne if it be wafted. Of JVinde flowers. Chap. 71. & Thekindcs. 'T* He ftock or kinred of the Anemones or Winde flowers, arc without number, or at the leaftnot * known vnto any one that hath written of plants. For Dodonxus hath let forth 5. iotts:L’ Obehus eight: T aber Monfanm^ttn : mv felfe haue in my garden twclue diiferentforts: and yet I do hearc of diuers more,differing verie notably from any of thefe, which I haue briefely touched, though not figured 5 eueryn ewe yecrebrin^cth with it newe and ftrange kindes. And euery countrey his peculiar plants of this fort, which are font vnto vs from farre countries: in hope to receiue from vs Inch as our countrie yceldeth. m it The defeription. 1 > “r H Hefirftkindeof Anemone or Winde flower, hath finali leaues very much fniptoriagged 5 I almoft like vnto Camomill,or Adonis flower; among which rifeth vp a ftalke bare or na¬ ked almoft vnto the top,at which place is fet two or three leaues like the other; and at the top ofthe ftalkecommcth foorth a faire andbeautifull flower,compact offeauen leaues,and fome- timeseight,ofa violet colour tending to purple. It is impolfible to deferibe the colour in his full perfection,confiderii-ig the variable mixturcs.The roote is tuberous or knobbie,and very brittle. 2 The < THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 The fecondekinde of Anemone hath leaues like vnto the precedent, infomuch that it is hardto diftinguifh the one from the other but by the flowers onely: for thofe of this plant are of a moil bright and faire fcarlet colour,and as double as the Marigolde 3 and the other not lb. The roote is t knobbie and verie brittle, as is the former. , 1 Anemone tuherofx radio*, Purple Winde flower. 2 Anemone coccinea multiplex , Double fcarlet VViude flower. & The defiriftion. 3 The great Anemone with double flowers, vfually called the Anemone of Conftantinople, not farre from Bithinia; hath great broade ieaucs deepely cut in the edges, not vnlike to thofe of the fielde Crowefootc,of an ouerworne greene colour: among which rilethvp a naked ftalkebareal- moft vnto the top, where there ftande two or three leaues, in fhape like the others, but lefTer^ fometimes changing into reddifh ftrippes,confufedly mixed heere and there in the Paid leaues. On the top of the ftalkc ftandeth a inoft gallant flower verie double, of a perfedf redde colour ftripped, and fometimes among the red with a little line or two of yello we in the middle$ from which mid¬ dle commeth foorth many blackifh thrums. The feedeis nottobeefoundethatl coulde euer ob- lerue,but is caried awaie with the winde.The roote is thickc and knobbie. 4 The fourth agreeth with the firffc kinde of Anemone , in rootes, leaues, ftalkes, and fhape of flowers,and do differ in that, that this plant bringeth foorth faire Angle red flowers, and the other of a violet colour as aforefaid. 3 Anemone HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 3°3 3 Anemone maxima, Chalcedonicapolyanthos . 4 Anemone Chalcedonica Jtmyliciflore. The great double Winde flower of Bithinia. The Angle Winde flower of Bithinia. 5 Anemone Bolbocaftani radice. 6 ^Anemone UtifolU Clufii. Cheftnut Winde flower. Broade leafed Winde flower. 364 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE *«£ Tbe deferiftton. 5 The fife fort of Anemone hath many fmali iagged leaues like thofe of Coriander , proceeding from a knobby rcotc,refembIing the rootc of Bolbocaftamm or earth che.ftnut. The ftalke rifeth vp y amongft the leaues oftwo handes high, bearing at the top a (ingle flower, confiding of a pale or border of little purple leaues, fometimes red, and often of a white colour fet about a blackiih poin¬ ted, thrummed ouer with many finallblackifhhaires. 6 The (ixthath very broade leaues in refpedt of all the reft of the Anemones , not vnliketo thofe of the common Mallo we, but greenc on the vpperpart and tending to redneflevnderneath, like the leaues of Sowe breade.lt hath vpon very little footeftalkes final! yellovve flowers: but my felfe can giue you no certaine knowledge of the plant; bicaufe I did neuer fee it: yet haue I in mv garden growing all the other forts, of which I can more certainly write.Thc roote(faith my author)is a fin- ger long,thicke,and knobby. 7 Anemone Ger&nifolix. 8 Anemone (Jfrtathioli, Storkcs bill Winde flower. Mathiolm whiteWinde flower. 7 The feuenth hath many large leaues deepely cut or iagged, in (Tape like thole of the Storks bill or Pinckneedle: among which rifeth vp a naked ftalke,(et about toward the top with the like leaues, but (mailer and more finely cut,bearing at the top of the ftalke a (ingle flower, confiding of many fmali blewe leaues, which do change fointimes into purple,and oftentimes into white, (et about a blackifh pointed with fome (mall threds like vnto a pale or border. The rooteis thicke and knob- bie. 8 The eight fort of Anemone hath leaues like vnto the garden Crovvefoote. The ftalke rifeth vp from amongft the leaues of a foote high, bearing at the top faire white flowers made of fiue fmali leaues: in the middle whereof arc many little yeilowe chiues or threds. The roote is made of many (lender threds or ftrings,contraric to all the reft of the Winde flowers. o Anemont HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3°5 f Anemone trifolia. 1 hree leafed Winde flower. io Anemone Papaueracea. Poppie Winde flower. & ’The defer ift ion. 9 The ninth lort of Anemone hath many Icaues like vnto the common medowe Trefoile 3 {leightIy fnipt about the edges like a fawe: on the top of the (lender ftalkes ftandeth a fingle white flower tending to purplexonfiftingofeight fmalleaues 3 refemblingin fhape the flowers of common field Crowfoote.The roote is knobbie with certaine firings faftned thereto. 10 The tenth kinde of Anemone hath many iagged leaues cuteuentothe middlerib, refcmbling the leaues of Geranium columhinumpi Doues foote. The leaues that do embrace the tender weakc ftalkes are flat and fleightly cut. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes 3 of a bright fhiningpur- pe colour 3 let about a blackiflh pointelI 3 and (mail thrums or chiues like apale.The roote is knobby ? thicke 3 and verie brittle 3 as are moft of thole of the Anemones. The place. All the forts of Anemones arc ftrangers 3 andnotfounde growing wilde in England $ notwithftana ding all and eucry fort of them 3 do growe in my garden very plentifully. ie The time. They do flower from thebcginningoflanuarie totheendeofAprill 3 at what time the flowers do fade 3 and the feede flieth away with the winde 3 if there be any leedc at all 5 the which I coulde ne* uerasyetobferue. •kThe names. hmpwv, or Winde flower 3 is fo called 'ini 3 that is to faie, of the Winde: for the flower doth neuer open it felfe but when the winde doth bIowc 3 as Blmie writeth: whereupon alfo it is named of diuers HerhaVenti • in Engiifh Winde flower. tThoftnxdth double flowers are called in the Turkie toong Giul^ and Gulcatawer: and thole with finall iagged leaues and double flowers are called Lale-henzede, and Galipoli lale. They do call thofe with finall iagged leaues and fingle flowers Binizate & Bmzade } znd Binizante. i: The temperature. All the kindes of Anemones arc fbarpc 3 biting the toorig 3 and of a binding qualitie. Vi tfc The m &Cj THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^ T /><? virtues. A The leaues ftamped 5 and the iuicc fiiiffed vp into the nofe 3 purgeth the head mightily. B The rootc champed or chewed procureth {pitting, andcauleth water and flegme to run foorth of the mouth,as Pellitorie of Spaine doth. It profiteth in colliries for the eies,to ceafe the inflammation thereof. The iuice mundifieth and clenfethmaligne, virulent and corofiuc vlcers. The leaues and ftalkes boiled and eaten of nurfes caufeth them to haue much milke: itpro- uoketh the tearmes,and eafeth the leprofie being bathed therewith. Ofmlde Anemones jor JV ; ndeflowers. Chap. yz. ft 7 ’hekindcs. T Ike as there be many and diuers forts of the garden Anemones : fo is there of the wildc kindcs al- fo 3 which do vane efpecially in the flowers. * i Anemone minorum lutea. 2 Anemone nemorum a,lha. Yellowe wilde Windc flower. White Winde flower. ft Th e defer ip t ion. 1 hjh Hcfirft of thefe wildc Anemones hath lagged leaues deeply cut or indented, which do grow vpon the middle part of a weake and tender ftalke: at the top whereof dothftandea pre¬ tie yellowe flower made of fixe (mall leaues,and in the middle of the flower there is alittlc blackifh pointell,and ccrtaine (lender chiucs or threds. The roote is fmall, fomewhatthickc &very brittle. 2 The (econd hath lagged leaues } not vnlike to water Growfoote or mountaine Crowfoote.The flower n H TH I S T O R IE O F WG. ANT S. ?°7 flower groweth at the top of the ftalke not vnliketo the precedent in fhape, failing that this is of a milke white colour. The roote like the other. Ihaueinmygardenoneofthiskindewith white flo¬ wers very doublets is that of the icarLctAnemon^. which was giuen me by a vvotfhipfull merchant of London 3 called mafter Iohn Franc/ueuille^j very good friende. 3 c Anemone nimprpnfiirfurea. The wilde purple Winde flower. 4 Anemone tiemofum cltcima. The wilde Icarlet Wilde flower* | is “ *° rt hath flovvers of a P ur P le colour 3 ^agreeing in euery other refpe£ with the reft o L? fru nh ^/™ ny fmaI1 Ieaues dec P cI y cut about the edges 3 euen to the middle ribbe Iik. hatwerallMnirf* i ° OWe ,\ s are °^ a hghtpurplifh colour tending to fcarlet 5 which maketh that hat we callblulh coIour3and is m other refpetfts like the other. d ° in wwds ; & copies through England, except that wit! rhich bearcrh'v C M ,VV '"a as y et ^ a “ e notfeenetnotwi hftanding, I haue one of the greater kind: 'e^notahwS 1 ^^iowe dowers wh°f c figure i s not cxpre(red nol . yet defaib(;d _ for s that j£ dorf lower or o&ovrife * ^ *”* fi " § C floivers 5 but is of fma11 momem »either 111 beautie of the Tt, a . k The time. cy ower from the middeft of Februarie vnto the endc of Apriil, or, the midft of Maie. Thr ? u i k The names. remavcalhhrm • P° C ?vu th f5 haue fet downe other naines then theirfeuerall titles doexpreffe: c may call them in Enghftr wilde Ammomspt Winde flowers. ■tl r . . kThe temperature and venues. inelaculues and temperatureof thefe plants arc referred to the garden forts o{ Anemones V z %H THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of bajlard AnemonesjorPafjueflowers. Cbdp . 73 . 3 PulfatilUrubra . Red Pafie flower. I Pulpit HU vulgar is. Purple Paffe flower. ■ 7 •fc The description* He firft of thefe Pafie flowers hath many fmall Ieaues finely cut or tagged,like thofe ofcar- T rots: among-which rifevp nakedftalkes, rough andhairie; whereupon -*• full flowers bell faihion, of a bright delated purple colour: in the bottome V* weth a tuft ofyellow thtums, and in the middle of the thrums thrufteth foorth a fmall purple poa,- tell: when thl whole flower is pad there fucceedeth an head or k ”°PP e > com .P a * hj . hairie lockes, and in the folide partsof the knopslieth the feede flat and hoarte, f 1 nine his own linall ha.re hanging at it. The roote is th.cke andknobb.e of afin f r ‘ on S’“^T to thofe of die , (as it doth all other parts verie notabhe refemble) whereof no doubi a 1 " 5 Thereto differenceat all in Ieaues, rootes, or feeder, betweene this red Pafie flower ant the precedent, nor in any other point,but in the colour of the flowers: for whereas the otherar ofa purple colour 5 thefe are of a bright red 5 which fetteth forth the difference. , 5 The white Pafle flower hath many fine lagged Ieaues 3 clofely couched or thruft o§ which refemble anholi-watcr fprinclde, agreeing with the others m rootes, feedes andlbap flowers^ failing that thefe are of a white colour 3 wherein chiefly confifteth the difference. ^ HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 305* 3 Pu flat iliaflore albo. White Pafle flower. k The place. Rttclliw writeth, that the Pafle flovver groweth in Fraunce in vntoilcd places : in Gei manic they growe in rough and flonie places, and oftentimes on rockes. Thofe with purple flowers do growe very plen¬ tifully in the pafture or clofe belonging to the perfonage houfe of a finall village fixe miles from CambridgCjCalled Hilderfham ;the parfons name that lined at the impreflion heereof was mailer Ftiller ,a very kinde and louing man,and willing to fhewe vntoanyinan the (aide clofe, who defired the fame. :'kThe time. They flower for the niofl part about Eafler, which hath mooned me to name izPaflque flower, or Eafler flower : and often they do flovver againe in September. k The names. Pafle flower is called commonly in Latine Pul- flat ilia • and of forre ^Aptum riflin'. in French Co- qucloardes: in Dutch JfenCCfiCnfCfjrl! i inEngliih Pafque flower,or Pafle flower: and after the Latin name Pufltilfl or Flawe flower 5 in Cambridge- fhire where they grow, they are named Couentry bels, k The temperature. Pafle flower doth extremely bite , and exulce- rateth and eateth into the skin if it be (lamped and applied to any part of thebodie; whereupon it hath bcene taken offome to be a kinde of Crowfoote, and not without reafon, for that it is not inferior to the Crowfootes: and therefore it is hot and drie. •kThe vertues. There is nothing extant in writing among authors of any peculiar vertue, but they feme onely for the adorning of gardens and garlands, being flowers of great beautie. Of <iA donisflower, kThe deflription. 1 Hefirllhath verie many (lender weakeflalkes,trailing or leaning to thegrounde,feton euery part with fine iagged leau»s very deepely cut like thofe. of Camomill, or rather thofe ofMaiweeae: vpon which flalkes do growe finall redde flowers, in fhape like the fielde ! Crowfoote, with ablackifh greene pointed in the middle, which being grovvnc to matinitie tiirn- cth into a finall greenifh bunch of feeds, in fhape like a Iittlebunchof grapes. The roote is frnall j and threddie. 2 f he fecond differeth not from the precedent in any one point,but in the colour of the flowers, which are of a perfed yellowe colour,wherein conflfteth the difference. V3 I Flos 3 io THE SECOND BOOKE OP THE I Flos Adonisflore rubro. 2 Flos adonis flore luteo. Adonis red flower* Adonis yellow flower. •k T he place. The red flower of Adonis groweth wilde in the weft parts of Englande among their corne,euen as Maie-vveede doth in other parts, and is likewile an enimie to come as Maie-weedis,from thence 1 brought the feede,and bane fowen it in my garden for the bcautie of the flowers fake. That with the yeliowe flower is a ftranger in England. # T he time. They flower in the fommcr moneths,Maie,Line,and Iulie,and fomctimes later. The names. Adonis flower is called in Latinc Flos Adonis, 2nd Adoniclis: of the Dutchmen ^ EngliftiwemaycallitredMaythes.-by which name it is called of them that dwell where it gro¬ weth naturally, and generally red Camomill: in Greekew &yfleuoir, and Eranthemum : our London women do call it,Rofearubie. The temperature. There hath not beene any that hath written of the temperature heereofrnotwdthftanding, lo farre as the tafte thereof fheweth,it is fomething hot,but not much. ie 1 hevertu's. The feede of Adonis flower is thought to be good againft the ftonc: among the auncicnts it was not knowne to haue anie other facultic: albeit experience hath of late taught vs, that the feede ftampcd,and the powder giuen in wine, ale or beere to drinkc, doth woonderfully and with great eifedi helpe the coilicke. Qf'Dockps. Chap.73. ie The kindes. j~*\ Iofeorides fetteth foorth fower kinds of Docks, wilde or fharpe pointed Dockej garden Docke; rounde leafed Docke; and the foure Docke called Sorrell: belides thefe the later Herbariftes haue added certainc ocher Dockes alfo,which I purpofe to make mention of. 1 Lap at hum I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 311 I Lapathum acutum. 2 Lapathum acutum minimum. Small fharpe Docke. & The defcription. 1 *"T“* Hat which among the Latines fignifieth to foftenjeafe,or purge the bellie, the fame figni- fication hath xattzLUhv, among the Grecians: whereof Lapathum and ( as fome do reade)tooke their names for herbes which are vied in pottage and medicine, verie well knowne to haue the power ofclenfing; of thefe there be many kindes and differences, great ftore everywhere growing, among whom is that which is now called fharpe pointed Docke, or fharpe leafed Docke. It groweth alwaies in moift medowes and by running llreames, hauing long narrow leaues fharpe Sc hard pointed; among the which commeth vp round hollow flalks of a browne co¬ lour,hauing ioints like knees, garnifhed with fuch like leaues,but fmaller : at the endewherof grow many flowers of a pale colour, one aboue another; and after them commeth a brownifh three fquare feede, lapped in browne chaifie huskes like Patience. The roote is great, long, and yellovve within. iifr 2 The fecond kindc of fharpe pointed Docke is like the firft,but much fmaller,and doth beare his iecdcin rundles about his braunches in chaffie huskes, like Sorrell, not fb much in vie as the for¬ mer; called alfo fharpe pointed Docke. : rr ; i' ie The place. ... Thefe kindes ofDocks do grow,as is beforefaide, in medowes and by riucrsfides-. ■' The time; They flower in Iune and Iulie. . .. . The names. They are called in Latin Lapathum acutum, R timex,Lapat iu, Sl Lap at hum, of fome Oxy lapathum: in Enghln Docke and fharpe pointed Dock, thegreater and the ’ieffer: of the Grecians : in high Dutch ?in Italian Rombice: in Spanifh Romazi , Parade Ik,vt\ low Dutch pat|£f)(wlikh worde is deriued of Lapathum ) and alfo p?ftrJICfl X in French Pareille, it The nature and vert ties. Thefe herbes are of a mixture betweene coldeand heate, andalmoft drie in the thirde degree, A V 4 efpecially 312 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE efpecially the feede which is verie aftringent. 1 J3 The powder of any of the kindes of Dockes drunke in wine , ftoppeth the laske and blouddic flixe.and eafeth the paines of the ftomacke. C The rootes boiled till they be very foft,and ftamped with barrows greafe,and made into an oint¬ ment} helpeth the itch and all fcuruie fcabs and mangines. And for the fame purpofe it fhall be ne- ceflaric to boile them in water, as aforefaid 3 and the partie to be bathed and rubbed therewith. Of water T)ockes . Chap . 7 8, 3 Hydrolapathwn magnum. Great water Docke. 4 Hydrolapathum minus. Small water Docke. • % & Thedefcription, 3 *"T"* Great water Docke hath very long and greatleaues,ftiffe, andharde, notvnlike to I the garden Paticnce,but much longer and broader. The ftalke rifeth vp to a great height,, oftentimes to the height of hue foote or more. The flower grovveth at the top of the ftalke in Ipokie tufts,browne of colour. The fcede is conteined in chaffie huskes,three fquare,of a fhining pale colour .The roote is verie great,thicke,browne without,and yellowifh within. 4 The Small water Docke hath long crooked and crompled leaues, plaited or folded in di- uers parts,let vpon a ftiffe ftalke. The flowers growe from the middle of the ftalke vpwarde infpo- kierundels,fet in fpaces bycertaine diftances roundeabout the ftalke, as arc the flowers ofHore- hounde: which Dopke isofall the kinds moft common, and of leflevfe, andtaketh no p'leafureor delight in any one loile or dwelling place, but is founde almoft euery where, as well vpen the lande as in waterie places, but efpecially in gardens among good and holfome potherbes, being there betterknowne then welcome or deftred: wherefore I intendenot toipend further time about his defcription. f . 3 Hippolapa - HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3i3 5 Uippolapathum fativum. Patience pr Munkes Rubarbe. 6 Hi L Baftar 'ppolapAthum roturidifolium. .ftarde Rubarbe. ft The description. 5 The garden Patience hath very ftrong ftalkes, furrowed or chamfered, of ten or twelue footc high when it groweth in fertill grounde, fet about with great large leaues like to thofe of the water Docke, hauing alongft the ftalkes towarde the toppe flowers,of a light purple colour declining to brownnefle. The feede is three fquare, conteined in thinne chaffie huskes, like thole of the com¬ mon Docke. The roote is verie great, browne without and yellowe within,in colour and tafte like the true Rubarbe. 6 Baftarde Rubarbe hath great broade rounde leaues , in fhape like thofe of the great Burre Docke. Theftalke andfeedes are fb like vnto the precedent, that the one cannot beknowne from the other; failing that the feeds ofthis are fomwhat lefter. The root is exceeding great and thicke* verie like vnto the Rha of Barbarie, as well in p^portion as in colour and tafte; and purgeth after the fame maner, but uplift be taken in greater quantitie, as witnefteth that famous learned phi- fitionnowe liuing, mafter dodtor Bright and others, who haue experimented the fame. 7 The feuenth kinde of Docke is beft knowne vnto all, oftheftocke or kindred of Dockes; it hath long thinne leaues, fbmetimes redde ineuerie part thereof, and often (tripped heere and there with lines and ftrakes , of a darke red colour: among which rife vpftiffe brittle ftalkes of the fame colour: on the toppe whereof come foorth fuch flowers and feede as the common wilde Docke hath. The roote is hkewife red,orof a bloudie colour. ft The place. a They do growe for the moft part in ditches and water courfes ,very common through Englande. The two Iaft do grow in gardens,my felfe and others in London and elfewhere,hauc them growing 1 ' for our vfe in Phifickc andchirurgerie. ft The time. Moft of the Docke.s do rife vp in the fpring of the yeere, and their feede is ripe in June and Au- guft. ft The 3 i 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The names. The Docke is called in Greeke rd^ov: in Latine Rtmex , and La pat humect Plinie in his 1 55 book j 2.chapter feemeth to attribute the name of Rumex onely to the garden Docke. The Monkcs Rubarbe is called in Latine Rumexfatiims, and Patientia,® r Patience, which worde is borrowed of the French,who call this herbe Pacience: after whom the Dutch men name this pot herbe alio Patient X oflome Rhabarbarum Monachorum ,or Monkes Rubarbe: bicau/e as it ftiould feeme fome Monke or other hauc vfed the roote heereof in fteede of Rubarbe. Bloudwoort, or bloudy Patience, is called in Latine Lapathum fanguineum: of fome Sanguis Draconis,o{ the bloudie colour wherewith the whole plant is pofteft, and is ofpotherbes the chiefc or principall,hauing the propertie of the baftarde Rubarbe, but of leffe force in his purging qualitie. • f; . ic The temperature. Generally all the Docks are colde, fome little and moderately, and fome more: they doe all of them drie, but not all after one mancr .-notwithftanding, fome are of opinion that they are drie almoft in the third degree. The -venues. The leauesofthe garden Docke or Patience may be eaten, and are fomewhat colde, blit more moift,and haue withallacertaineclamminefie; by realon whereof, they eafily and quickly pa/Tc through the belly when they be eaten : and Diofcorides writeth that all the Dockes being boiled doe mollifie the bellie,which thing alio Horace hath noted in his fecond booke of Sermons, the fourth Satyre writing thus, - Si dura morabitur a lutes Mugilus,& vibes pe blent obstantu concha, Etlapath/ breuis herba. He e^Ieth it a fhort herbe,being gathered before the ftalke be growen vp; at which time it is fitted to be ^a ten. B And being fbdden, it is not fo pleafant to be eaten as either Beetes or Spinage: it ingendreth moift blond of a meanc thickne/Te, and which nourilheth little. C The leaues of the fharpe pointed Docke are colde and drie: but the feede ofPatience, and the water Docke,do code, with a certaine thinnefle of fiibftance. D The decodhon of the rootes of Monkcs Rubarbe is driinke againft the bloudie fixe, the Iaske, the wambling of theftomackc which commeth of choler:and alfo againft the flinging of ferpents as Diofcorides writeth. • , E It is alfo good againft the /pitting of bloud,being taken with Acacia(or as fome would haue it, the dried iuice of floes)as Plinie writeth, F Monkes Rubarbe or Patience is an excellent hol/ome potherbe; for being put into the pottage in’lome reafonable quantitie, it doth loofen the belly; helpeth the launders; the tympanie and fuch like difeafes,procceding of colde caufes. Ifyou take the roots ofMonks Rubarbe,& red Madder, of eche halfe a pound; Sena fower oun¬ ces; annife /cede and licorice,of eche two ounces; Scabioufe and agrimonic,of eche one handfull; flice the rootes of the Rubarbe, brufetheanni/efeale and licorice, breake the hearbes with your hands , and put them into a ftone pot called a fteane, with fower gallons of ftrong ale to fteepc or infufe the /pace of three daies: and then drinke this liquor as your ordinarie drinke for three weeks togither at the leaft, though the longer you take it, /o much the better; prouiding in a readines an other fteanfo prepared that you may haue one vnder another,beingalwais careful to keepe a good diet: it cureth the dropfie,thc yellowe iaunders, all maner of itch,fcabs, breaking out,and mangi- nefteof the whole bodie: it purifieth the bloud from all corruption; preuaileth againft thegrcenc ficknefte very greatly,and all oppilations or ftoppings: maketh yoong wenches to looke faire and cherrie like, and bringeth downe their tearrnes,the flopping whereof hath caufed the fame. q The feede of baftarde Rubarbe is of a mamfeft aftrjngent nature, in/omuch that it cureth the bloudie fixe, mixed with the feede of SorrelI,and giuen to drinke in red wine, jq There haue not beene any other faculties attributed to this plant either of the auncient or later writers, but generally of all it hath beene referred to the other Docks or Monkes Rubarbe,of which number I allure my /elfe this is the beft; and doth approch neereft vnto the true Rubarbe. Manie rea/bns induce me fo to thinke and faie: fiift this hath the fhape and proportion of Rubarbe, the fame HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 315 fame colour,both within and without,without any difference. They agree as well in tafte as fmell: it colouieth the fpjtrle of a yellowe colour when it is chewed , as Rubarbe doth: and laftly it pur- geththe belly after the fame gentle manner that the right Rubarbe doth, onely heerein it dif¬ fered!, that this muft be giuen in three times the quantitie of the other. Other diftindions and differences with the temperature and cuery other circumftaunce, Ileaiie vnto the learned phifiti- , ons of our London colledge (who are very well able to fearch into this matter) as a thing far aboue my reach,being no graduate,but a countrie fcholler,as the whole framing of this hiftoric doth well declare: but I hope my good meaning will' be well taken,confidering I do my beft,not doubting but fome of greater learning will perfed that which I hatic begun according to my fin all skill, especial¬ ly the ice being broken vnto him , and the vvoode rough hewed to his handes, Notwithftanding I thinke it good to faie thus much more in mineowne defence: that although there be manie wants and defedsin me, that were requisite toperformefuchaworke; yet may my long experience by chauncc happen vpon fome one, thing or other that may do the learned good: confidering what a notable experiment I learned of one Iohn Bennct a chirurgion of Maidflonc in Kent, a man as flen- derly learned as my felfe, which he pradifed vpon a butchers boie of the fame towne, as himfeJfe reported vnto me ; his pradife was this: being de fired to cure the forefaide ladde of an ague, which did greeuoufly vexe him, he promifed him a medicine, &for want of one for the prefent (for a fhife, ashunfelfe confefled vnto me)he tooke out of his garden three or fower Ieaues of this plant of Ru¬ barbe, which my felfe had among other fimplcs giuen him , which he (lamped and drained with $ draught of ale,and gaue it the ladde in the morning to drinke: it wrought extremely downwarde and vpwarde within one hower after,and neuer.ceafled vntill night. In the ende the ftrength of the boie ouercame the force of thephificke, it gaue ouer working, and the ladde loft his ague 5 fince which time (as he faith) he hath cured with the fame medicine many of the like maladie , haning euer great regarde vnto the quantitie, which was the caufe of the violent working in the firftcure. By reafon of which accident, that thing hath beene reucaled vnto poflcritie,which heerctofore was not fo much as dreamed of. Whofe blunt attempt, may let an edge vpon fome fharperwit, and greater iudgement in the faculties of plants, to feeke farther into their nature then any of the aun- cientshaue done: and none fitter then the learned phifitionsof the Colledge of London; where are many Angularly well Iearned,and experienced in naturall things. Therootes fliced and boiled in the water of CarduusBenedidus to the confumption of the third part,adding thereto a little honie,of the which decodion eight or ten fponfuls drunkc before the fitjCureth the ague in two or three times fb taking it at the moll: vnto robuftous or ffrong bo¬ dies twelue fponfuls may be giuen. This experiment was pradifed by a woi Tiipftdl gentlewoman called miftrcfle o innelVylbraham, vpon diuers of hir pcore neighbours with good fuccefle. Of %ubarbe. Chap. 79 . ^ The deferiptiow. 1 His kindc ofRubarbe hath very great Ieaues, fbmcvvhat fhipt or indented about the edges | like the teeth of a fawc,not vnlike the Ieaues of Enula campana, called by the vulgar fort Elecampane but greater: among which rifeth vp aflraight flalke of two cubits high, bea¬ ring at the top a fcalie head like thofe of Knappeweede, or lacea maior\ In the middle of which knap or head, thrufteth foorth a faire flower confifting of many purple threddes, like thofe ofrhe Arti¬ choke i which being paft,there followeth a great quantitie of downe, wberin is wrapped long (cede like vnto the great Centorie, whicji the whole plant doth very well referable. The roote is long and thicke,black ifh without, and ofapale colour within .‘which being chewed maketh the fpitrie verie yellowe,as doth the Rubarbe of Barbarie. 1 Rha THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE l Rha. Ctyitdtim Hole lit. Turkic Rubarbe. 2 Rhdbarbaruwflorens. Flowring Rubarbe. t? The description. 2 Touching the Rubarbe vfed in fhopp'es of the forme or bigiieffe of the'plant' it fel'fe, or or the leaues or flowers ,we finde nothing fet down in the olde writers ; Dio (cor ides hath exprened a certaine likenefTe/ubftance arid colour ofthe rootes on'ely: and yet but 0f that Rubarbe which groweth in thofe places that: arebeyonde the (freight of Con- ftantinople 5 called the blacke fea, and Pontus Euxinus, or alfoMceotis, called the white fea. The greatnes of the rootes of Rubarbe(and as it is very like of the whole plant itfelfe al(o)doth not a little varie according to the difference of thcre- gions,ground and weather, which(as we mull euer nowe and then repeat) be oftentimes great caufes of alteration and difference in plants. " But feeing there is extant a picture of the greenc Rubarbe with his flowers, ftalke,and rootes,it fhall not be amifle to let foorth h;s defeription likewife. Rubarbe hath a greene tliicke (lalke a foots high, garnifhed with many leaues, of two fpans long, fomtimes longer or fhorter,according to their age, narrowe toward the flemme, broad and rounde at the top like a peare, bowing backwardes towarde the ground,couered ouer with a certaine dovtfne or woolhnes when they be yoong & greene,but when they beoldeofapaleyejlowifh colour: out of the Rhabarbarumficcatum. The dry rootes of Rubar HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 317 flowers, confiftingoffuie little lcaues which turne from white to yellowe, in lapeucmegame. ,-r-afint&oour.Theftotgrweth twoot •hree handfulsdeepe in the grounde,wrapped in a barke, of a darke browne colour; fometimes as iifoeeasthecalfe of a mans legge, fometimes lefler: from the mainerooteihootc foorth manic hreddes and fmall fhootes.whicli fpread farre abroad in the earth, whereby lrmcrealeth. niddle ofthe lcaues there groweth vp a (lender (lalk bearing -onfidedly placed vpon the finall braunches without order, ... 1 _k..f n ftrnncr vnnle^ 4 Rha Ponticum Siccatum. Rubarbeof Pontus dried. * ™ defection. 4 The Ponticke Rubarbe is lefler and flcnderer then that of Barbarie. Touching Ponticke Ru¬ barbe Dio/corides writeth thus, Rha that diuers call Rheon, which groweth in thofe places that are beyond Bolphorus,from whence it is brought, hath blacke rootes like to the great Centorie, but leffer and redder,, that is to fay,without fmel (as the copies haue ) loofe or fpungie, and fome- thinglight, and ofthe kindesofRubarbe of leaft woorth. it The place. Itis brought out of the countrie of Sina (com¬ monly called China) which is towarde the eaft in the vpper part of India, and that India which is without the riuer Ganges: and not at all Ex Sceni - tarumprouincia, (as many do vnaduifedly thinke) which is in Arabia the happie, & far from China: it groweth on the fides of the riuer Rha as i^Amia- mu MarcelUu faith, which riuer fpringeth out of the Hyperboreimountaines in the high noithem parts jgndrunningthrough Mufcouie,itfalleth in¬ to the Cafpian or Hircan lea : as alfo vpon the banckes of the riuer Rha,now called Volga. it The choice. The beft Rubarbe is that which is brought from China frelhandnevve, of a light purplifh red, with certaine vaines and braunches, of an vn- certaine varietie of colour,commonly whitifh: but when it is old the colour becoinmeth ill fauored by turning yellowfh or pale,but more, if it be worme eaten: being chewed in the mouth it is Ibme- what gluie and clammieandof a faffron colour, which being rubbed vpon paper or fbme white thing,Iheweth the colour more plainly: thefubllance therof is neither harde or clofely compared, nor yet heauie; but lomthing light, and as it were in a middle betweene harde and loole and fome thing fpungie: it hath alfo a fweete andpleafant fmell. The fecond in goodnes is that which com- meth from Barbarie. The iaft and woorft from Bolphorus and Pontus. it The names. It is commonly called in Latinc Rha Ear bar urn, or RhaBarharicum, of diuers RheuBarbarum; the Moores and Arabians do more truely name it Raued Sent,a Sinenfiprouincia ’■> from whence it is brought into Perfia and Arabia,and afterwards into Europe: and likewife from Tanguth, through the Iande of Cataia into the lande of the Perfians,whereof the Sophie is the ruler, and from thence into Egypt,and afterwards into Europe. Itis called of the Arabians and the people of China, and the parts adiacent, Rauend Cini , Raued Sent , and Raued Sceni, in fhops Rhabarbarum : in Englifh. Rubarbe,andRewbarbe. it Thetemperature. Rubarbe is of a mixt fubftance, temperature and facultie: fbmc ofthe parts thereof are earthie, binding and drying: others thinne,aereous hot, and purging. itThevertues. Rubarbe is commended of .D/Vw/Wwagainft windinefre.weaknefTeof theftomacke and all griefes 3*8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE g“'l dA thereof, conuuiflions, difeafes of thefpleene, liuer,and kidneies,gripings and inward Gnaw¬ ings of the giits, infirmities of the bladder and cheft,fwelling about the hart 5 difeafes of the matrix painc in the huckle bones, fpittingofbloud,fhortneffe of breath, yexing or the hicket 5 the bloudy fiixc; the laske proceeding of rawe humours; fits in agues 5 and againft the bitings of venemous bealts. . , B Moreouer he faith,that it taketh away blaeke and blew fpots,and tetters or rin gwoormes,if itbe m i x ed with vineger and the place annointed therewith. C Gal en aifirmeth it to be good for burftings,cramps and conuulfions 3 and for thofe that are verie fhort winded,and that (pit blond. D But touching the purging facultie,neither Diofcorides not, Galen hath written any thing, bicaufc it was not vfed in thofe daies to purge with. Galen helde opinion, that the thinne aerious parts doe make the binding qualitie of more force: not bicaufe it doth refift the colde and earthie fubftance, but bv reafon that it carieth the fame, & maketh it deeply to pearce, & therby to worke the greater effect, the dric and thinne eflence conteining in it felfe a purging force and qualitie to open ob- ftrudtions 3 but helped and made more facile by the fubtile and aerious parts. Vaults* i_ AEgineu feemethtobethefirft that made trial! of the purging facultie of Rubarbe: for in his firft booke 43. chanter he maketh mention thereof, where he reckoneth vp turpentine among thofe medicines, which made the bodies offuch as are in health foluble. But when we purpofe, faith he, to make the turpentine more ftrong,we adde vntoit a little Rubarbe. The Arabians that followed him,brought it to a further vfe in phifn ke, as chiefly purging downward choler,and oftentimes flegme. p The purgation which is made of Rubarbe is profitable and fit for all fuch as are troubled with ^ choler, and for thofe that are fickc of fharpe and tertian feuers, for them that haue the yellow iaun- dcrs,andbadluicrs. j t j s a good medicine againft the pleurifie,inflammation of the lungs,the fquinancie or fquincie, ^ madnefte,frenfie,inflammations of the kidneies, bladder, and all the inwarde parts, and efpeciallie againft Saint Anthonies fire,as well outwardly as inwardly taken. Rubarbe is vndoubtedly an efpeciall good medicine for theliuer and infirmities of the gall, for ^ befidesthatitpurgeth foorth cholericke and naughtie humours, it remooueth ftoppings out of the conduits. r t It alfo mightily ftrengthneth the entrailes themfelues; infomuch as Rubarbe is iuftly tearmed of '* diuers ,the life ofthe liuer: for Galen in his 1 1 .booke of the methode or manner of curing , affirmeth that fuch kinde of medicines are 1110 ft fit and profitable for the liuer, as haue ioined with a purging and opening qualitie,an aftringent or binding power.The quantitie that is to be giuen, is from one dram to two :and in the infufion from one and a halfeto three. It is piuen or fteeped,and that in hot difeafes,with the infufion or diftilled water of Cycorie,En- 1 dine,or fome other of the like nature 5 8c likewife in Whaie: and if there be no heate it may be gi- ^Xtis'alfo oftentimes giuen being dried at the fire ,but fo,that the leaft or no part thereofat all be K burned 5 and being fo vfed it is a remedie for the bloudie flixe, and for all kinds of laskes: for it both purgeth away naughtie and corrupt humours, and likewife withall ftoppeth the bellie. T r The fame being dried after the fame maner doth alfo ftaie the ouermuch flowing of the monthly L fickneffcqand ftoppeth blond in anie part of the bodie, efpecially that which commeth through the bladder, but it fhoulde be giuen in a little quantic, and mixed with fome other binding thing. Mefues faith,that Rubarbe is an harmeleffe medicine, and good at all times and for all ages, and likewife for children and women with childc. Of Sorrell . Chap. 8 o» The kinde So T Here be diuers kindes of Sorrell differing in many points,fome of the gardcn,and others wilde, fome great and fome lefFer, , HISTORIE OF PL a MTS. ft The deferi^tion, 1 Hough Viofcorides hath not in all things fiifficicntly exprefled theOxalides 3 yet none I ought to doubt but that they were taken and accounted as the fourth kinde of Lapathim. For though fome like it well that the feed lhould be called D mnm , yet that is to be vnder- ftoode according to the common phrafe 3 wheneger things are confounded with thofc which be fharp & fower 5 elfe we might accufe him of fuch ignorance as is not amongft the fimplefi women. Moreouer the worde Om doth not onely fignifie theleafe,but the fauour andtartneffe, which by a figure drawne from the fharpnes ofkniues cdges,is therefore called fharpe: for fignifieth a fharpe or fower iuice 3 whichpearceth thetoong likeafharpe knife: whereupon alfo Lapatlunt maybe called Oxnlis , as it is indeede 3 hauing leaues thinner, tenderer, and more oileous then LapA- tium acutum, broader next to the fiemmc,horned and crefted like Spinage and Atriplex. The ftalke is much ftreaked, reddifh and full of iuice: the roote yellowe and fibrous: the feede fharpe cor- ncredand fhiiiing, growing in chaftie huskes like the other Dockes. 2 The feconde kinde of Oxdis or SorrelJ 3 hath large leaues IikePatience,confufedIy growing to- gitbervpon a great tall ftalke,at the top whereofgrowetuftsofachaffielubftaunce. The roote is tuberous,much like the Peonie,or rather Philipcndula,faftned to the lower part of the ftemme with lfnall long firings and laces. . 5 The third kinde of Sorrell groweth very final!, braunching hither and thither, taking holde of the ground where it rampeth,whereby it difperfeth it felfe farre abroade. The leaues arc little and thinne, hauing two finall leaues like eares faftned thereto, in fhetve like the herbe Sagittaria. The feede in tafie is like the other of his kinde. 4 The fourth kindeof Sorrell hath leaues fomewhat round and cornered, hailing two fhort eares annexed vnto the fame. The feede and roote in tafie is like the other Sorrels. 3 Oxaiii 20 a iiE Sjl DE BOOKE OF THE 3 Ox alii tenui folia. Sheepes Sorrell. J OxduCrifa. Curled Sorrell. 4 Ox&lis Franca feu Romano,. Round Sorrell. it The deferiftion. 5 This kinde of curled Sorrell is allranger in Englande, and hath verie large leaues, in thape like the garden Sorrell, b ut curled and cromplcd about the edges as is the curled Colcwoorte.Thc ftalk rifeth vp among the leaues, let here & there with the like leaues,but leffer: the flowers,feede, and rootes are like the common Sorrell or fovver Docke. . 6 The finail Sorrell that groweth vpon dry bar¬ ren fandie ditch bankes, hath fmallgrafiie leaues, lomewhat forked or crolled oucrHke the croifc hilt of a rapier. The ftalkes rife vp among the leaues,fmall,weake,and tender, of the lame lower talk that the leaues are of. The flower,leede,and roote, is like the other Sorrels, but altogither lelfer. 7 The fmallell lort of Sorrell is like vnto the precedent, fauing that the lowell leaues that lie flat vpon the grounde be lomewhat rounde, like vnto the fmallell Bell flower, called Campanula minor , Rotundifolia ? which fetteth foorth the dif¬ ference. 6 Ox alii HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 321 6 Ox alii minor . Small Sorrell. 7 Oxdumitiima. The (mailed Sorrell, it The place. The common Sorrell groweth for the mod part in gardens jthe (econd by waters (ides: the two ad vpon euerie grauelly or fandie barren grounded ditch bankes* it The time. They flourifh at that time 3 wheri as the other kinde of Dockes do flower. itThenames. Garden Sorrell is called in Greeke and dvagyeif, of Galen »^v\dm 9 ov t that is to faie, K^Acidum Upathumpx Acichu Rumex 3 lower Docke: and in (hops commonly ^Acetofa: in the Germain toong ^a'^amptfec: inloweDutch ^tltinck: the Spaniards AzeAcras } AgrcUes£x\& Aze~ ias: in French Ozeille, and Surelle 3 Aigrette: in Englifh garden Sorrell. The fecond is called of the later Herbarifls Tuherofa AcctoJ'afxxd T uberofum lapathum:'w\ Englifh junched or knobbed Sorrell. The third is called in Englifh fhcepes Sorrell: in Dutch ^Ut&CL The fourth Romaine Sorrell 3 orrounde Sorrell. The fift curled Sorrell.The (ixt and (euenth barren Sorrell. it The nature* The Sorrels are moderately colde and drie. it 7 he vert ties. Sorrell doth vndoubtcdly coole, and mightily drie; but bicaufe it is lower 3 it likewile cutteth ^ :ough humours. The iuiceheereofin dimmer time is a profitable fauce in many meates 3 and pleafant to the tade. g Itcooleth anhotdomacke:mooueth appetite to meate 5 tempereth the heatc of the liner, and :>peneth the floppings thereof. The leaues are with good fuccefle added to deeodlions which are vied in agues. G The leaues of Sorrell taken in goodquantitie 3 damped and drained into fome ale, and apodet D ! iadetherof,cooleth theficke bodie 3 quencheth the third, and alaieth the heate ofluch as are trou- led with a peftilent feuer 5 hot ague } or any great inflammation within. Theleaues fodden 3 and eaten in manner of a Spinnach tart, or eaten as meate/ofteneth & loofe- E eth the bellie 3 and doth attemper and coole the blood exceedingly. The feede of Sorrell drunke in grofle red winc 3 dopppeth the laske and bloodie flixe. E XI. Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfSnakgtoeede* 1 BiBortamator. Snakcwccdc. Chap.Si. 2 BtfiortA minor. Small Snakcwccdc, 0 - # The defeription. He great Biftort hath long leaues much like Patience,but ftnaller & more wrink¬ led or crumpled, on the vpper fide of a darke greene, and vnderneath ofa blewifh greene colour, much like Woade. The ftalke is long, fmoothe, and tender, hauing at the top alpiked knap or eare, fet full of fmall whitifh flowers, de¬ clining to carnation. The roote is all in a lumpe, withoutfafhion ,within of aredcolourlikevnto flefh,in tafte like the kernell of an acorne. 2 The fmall Biftort hath leaues about three inches long, and of the bredthof a mansnaile: the vpper fide is ofa greene colour, and vnder¬ neath of an ouerwornc greenifh colour: among which rifeth vp a ftalke,of the height of a Ipan, fui of ioints or knees, bearing at the top fuch flowers as the great Biftort beareth; which being fallen, the feedes appeere of the bignes of a Tare, red- difh of colour ; euerie leedc hauing one fmall greene leafe fattened thereunto a . with many fuch leaues thruft in among the whole bunch of flow¬ ers HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 323 >rs and feed. The roote is tuberous like the other,but fmaller,and not fo much crooked. ? Broade leafed Snakeweede hath many large vncuen leaues, fmooth and very greene : among vhich rife vpfmall brittle ftalks of two handes high, bearingatthetopafairefpikeof flowers, like mto the great Biftort. The roote is knobbie or bunched, crookedly turned or wrythed this way md that way,whereof it tooke his name BiHorta. The place. i The great Birtort groweth in moift and wateric places, and in the darke fhadowie woods,and is /ery common in moft gardens. 1 The fiTiall Biftort groweth in great abundance, in Weftmcrland, at Crosby, Rauenfwaith, at he head of a parke belonging to one Maftcr Bickering, from whence it hath beenedifperfedinto nanygardens,as alfo fentvntomefrom thence for my garden. i? The time. They flower in May,and the feede is ripe in Iune. it The names. BiHorta is called in Englifh Snakeweede; in other places Oifterloit: in Chesfhire Pafshions and Jnakeweede, and there vied for an excellent potberbe. It is called BiHorta , of his writhed rootes; nd alfb Coluknna, Serpent a rta Bntanmca , Dracontion PhnfDracunculm Dcdon. and Limonium Gef xeri. %• T he nature. Biftort doth coole and drie,in the third degree. rkThevertnes. ^ The iuice of Biftort put vp into the nofe, preuaileth much againft the difeafe called Polypui , and he biting offerpents,or any venemous beaft,being drunke in wine,or the water of Angelica. ^ The roote boiled in wine and drunke,ftoppeth the Iaske,and bloodie flixc;it ftaieth alfo the ouer- nuch flowing of womens monethlyfickneffes. q The roote taken as aforefaid,ftaieth vomiting, and healeth the inflammation, and forenes of the nouthand throte: it like wife fafteneth loofe teeth, being holden in the mouth for a certaine ipace, md at fundrie times. * • ' n ‘ . . T r • bns, m ; " , OfScuruie grajfe^orSpoonemort. Qbaj).%z» The defeription. t T) Ound leafed Scuruie grafte is a lowe or bafe herbe: it bringeth foorth leaues vpon fmall ftems or footeftalks of a meane length, comming immediately from the roote, verie manic in number, of a fhining greene colour, lomewhat broad,thicke,hollowe like a little fpoone, but of no great depth, vneeuen,or cornered about the edges: among which leaues fpring vp fmall lalkes of a fpan high,whereon do grow many little white flowers, after which commeth the feede, mall and reddifh,conteined in little flat pouches or feede veftels like thofe of garden Crefles. The ootes be fmall,white,and threddie. The whole plantis of a hot and fpicie tafte. 1 The common Scuruie grafle or fpoonewoort,hath leaues fomwhat like a ipoone,hollow in the middle, but altogithervnlike the former: theleaues heereof arebluntly toothed about the edges, harpe pointed and fomwhat long: the ftalks rife vp among the leaues, of the length of hake a oote,whereon do grow white flowers with fome yellownefle in the middle: which being paft,there ucceede fmall feede veftels like vnto a pouch not vnlike to thofe of fheapherds pur/e, greene at he firft ,next yellowifh,and laftly,when thev be ripe of a browne colour or of the colour oi a fiiberd aut. Theroote is fmall and tender, compact ol a number of threddie firings verie thicke thruft to¬ other in manner of a little turffe. X a l Coolie mi 4 3*4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Cochlear id rotmdifolia. Round leafed Scuruie grafie. 2 CochkariaBriUnnica . Common Englilh Scuruie grade. ft The place. Thefirftgrowethby the lea fide at Hull , acBofton, andLynnc, and in many otherplaces of Lmcolncfhire neeie vnto the lea, as in WhapJoade and Holbiche marfhes in Holland, in the fame countie. It hathbeene foundeof larc growing many miles from the feafide vpona great hill in Lancafhire,called Inglebotrough hill,which may feemeftrange vnto thofe that do notknowe that it will be content with any foile,piace,or clime whatfoeuer: for proofe whereof,my felfe haue 1c wen the feedcs of it in my garden , and giuen of them to others, with whom they flower, flourifn and bringfoorththeirfeede, as naturally as by the lea fide; andlikewile retainethe fame fpicie talle: which prooueth that they refute no culture 3 contrarie to many other lea plants. The lecondjwhichis our common Scuruie g?:ade,groweth in diuers places vpon the brims of the famous riuerThames,as at Woolwich,Erith,Grcenhithe,Grauefend 3 as well on theElTexlhore, as theKentilh .-at Portl-mouth,Briftowe, & many other places alongll the weftemc coaft: but to¬ ward the north I haue not hard that any of this kinde hath growen. ft The time. It flowreth and flourilhcth in Maic. The feede is ripe in June, ft The names. We are not ignorant, that in Lowe Germanic, lome of the belt learned haue leene the true Bri- iamica^nd namely in the Ocean next vnto Frifland and Holland,which the Germanes call Lcfft \* It'SlUG that is, Cochlearia or Spoonwort,by realon of the compaflfed roundnes and hollowndle of theleauesjlikc a fpoonc3 and haue thought it to be Plimes Britannica^ bicaufethey finde it in the lame place growing, and endued with the fame qualities. Which excellent plant, Cafars loldiers (when they remooued their camps beyond the Rhenc ) found to preuaiie (as the Frilians had taught it thern)againft that plague and hurtfulldifeafcof the teeth, gums, and finewes, called the Scuruie, being a depriuation of all good bloode and moifturc, in the whole bodie, called Scorhutum ; in Englilh HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 325 Englifh the Scuruie,and Skyrbie: a difeafe happening at the Tea among Fifhermen, and frefhwatet foldiers, and fuch as delight to At ftill without labour, andexcrcife of their bodies; and efpecially aboue the reft ofthe caufes, .when they make not dearie their bisket bread from the flower or mea- lynefie that is vpon the fame,which doth fpoile many. But fith this agrees not with Plinies defcrip- tion and that there be many other water plants,as liaUurtium^ Siam r, Car damme ^ and fuch others, like in tafte and not vnlike in proportion & vertues, which are remedies againft the difeafes afore- faid,yet can there be no certaine argument drawn therefrom,to prooue it to be Bntannica. For the leaues at their firft commingfoorth, are fomewhat long like PyroLi or Adders; toon g, foone after fomewhat thicker,’and hollow like a nauell, after the manner of funQ&dcaw, but in greatnefle like Soldanella ,in the compafle fomwhat cornered,in fafhion fomwhat like a fpoone: the flowers white, and in (hape like the Cuckow flowers : the feede reddifh, like the feede of Thlafp /, which is not to be feene in Britamica ,which is rather holden to be Biftort or garden Patience, than Scuruic graffe. In Englifh it is called Spoonewort,Scrubie grafie,and Scuruie graffe. it The temperature. Scuruie graflfe is euidently hot and drie, verie like in tafte and qualitie to the garden Creffes, of an aromaticke or fpicie tafte. i? The vertues. The iuice of Spoonewoort giuen to drinke in ale or beere,is a Angular medicine againft the cor- A rupt androtten vlcers,and ftench ofthe mouth: it perfedly cureth the difeafe called of Hippocrates Voluulus Hematites : of Phnie Stomacace: of Mar cellm Ofie do : and of the Italians Scorhutum : of the Hollanders and FrifiansScuerbuyck: in Englifh the Scuruie .-either giuing the iuice in drinke as aforefaide,or putting fixe great handfuls to fteepe,with long pepper, graines,annife feede, and li¬ quorice,of eche one ounce, the fpiccs being braied,and theherbes brufed with your hands, and fe> put into a pot,fuch as isbefore mentioned in the chapter of baftardeKubaibe, and vfed in like ma- ner: or boiled in milke or wine and drunke for certaine daies togither; worke th the like effedh The iuice drunke once in a daie falling in any liquor, ale, beere, or wine, doth caufe the fore Arid B medicine more fpeedilic to worke his effect in curing this filthie , lothfome, heauie, and dull dil- eafe, which is very troublelome and of long continuance. The gums are looked, fwolne and exulce- ratejthe mouth greeuoufly {linking; the thighes and legs are vvithall verie often full of blewe {pots, not much vnlike thofe that come of brufes: the face and the reft of the bodie is oftentimes of a pale colour; and the feete are {wolne,as in the drop Ac. There is a difeafe,(faith Olausmagntesm his hiftory ofthe northern regions)haunting thecampes,C which vexe them there that arebefleged and pinned vp: and itfeemeth to come by eating of fait meates, which is increafed and chcrifhed with the colde vapours of the ftone wals.The Germaines call this difeafe(as we haue faid) Scorbuck, the fymptome or paflion which hapnech to the mouth, is called of Plitne comu&m , Stomacace : and that which belongeth to the thighes omkotu^-. Marcellm an olde writer nameth the infirmities ofthe mouth Ofiedo; which difeafe commeth of a groffe, cold &tough bloud, fuch as melancholic iuice is, not by aduftion,but of fuch a blond as is the feculent or droflie part therof: which is gathered in the bodie by ill diet, flothfulnefle to worke, iaiAncs(as we terme ir)much fleepe and reft on fhipboorde, and not looking to make cleane the bifquet from the mcalienefle, and vneleane keeping their bodies, which are the caufesof this difeafe called the feuruie or feyrby. Which difeafe doth not onely touch the outwarde parts, but the inwarde alfo: for the liuer oftentimes, but moft commonly the fpleene,is Ailed with this kinde ofthickc,cold and tough iuice,and is fwolen byreafem that the fubftance thereof is flacke,fpungie, and porrous, verie apt toreceiue Aich kinde of thicke and colde humours. Which thing alfo H/ppocratcs hath written of in the feconde booke of his Prorrhetikcs: their gums (faith he) are infected, and their mouthes ftinke that haue great fpleenes or miltes : andwholoeuer haue great miltes and vie not tobicede, can hardly be cured of this malladie,efpeciallie of the vlccrs in the legs, and blacke fpots.Thefamc is affirmed by Paulus oHEgineta in his thirde booke 49.chapter,where you may eaAIy fee the diffe¬ rence betweene this difeafe and the blacke iaunders; which manie times are fo confoundedtogi- ther, that the diftinction or difference is harde to be knowne,butby the expert chirurgion: who of¬ tentimes feruingin the fhips,as wellhir Maicfties as merchants,is greatly peftered with the curing thereof: it fhall be requiAte to carrie with them the herbe dried$ the water diftilled,and tire iuice put into a bottle with a narrowe mouth, full almoft to the necke, 8c the reft Ailed vp with oile oliue, ro keepc it from putrefaction: the which preparations difereetlv vfed, will ftande them in great itcace X 3 for , S 26 the second booke of the for the difeafe aforefaide. D The herbe ftamped and laide vpon (pots and blemifties of the face, will take them awaie within fixe houres,but the place muft be wafhed after with water wherein branne hath becne ioddcn. \ Of Tmy blade,or herhe Bifoile. Chap. 83 . I Ofhris Bifolia. Twaiblade. a Ofhris trifolia. Trefoile Twaiblade. ’fe The defeription. 2 TT ErbcByfoilehath many final! fibres or threddie firings, fattened vnto a finallknot or roote,from which riieth vp a (lender ftemme or ftalke,tendcr, fat, and full of iuice ; in the middle whereof,are placed in comely order two broade leaues, ribbed and chamfered, in fhape like the leaues of Plantaine : vpon the top of the ftalke groweth a (lender greenifii bufhe of flowers ,made ofmany (mall flowers 5 each little flower relcmbling a gnat, or little gofling newly hatched ,very like thole of the third fort of Serapias ftones. 2 Ophri* Trifolia or Trefoile twaiblade, hath rootes, tender ftalkes, andbufh of flowers like the precedent; but dilfercth in that, that this plant hath three leaues which do clippe or imbracethc ftalke about; and the other hath but two, and neuer more, wherein efpecially confifteth the diffe¬ rence : although in truth I thinke it a degenerate kinde, and hath gotten a thirde leafe per accidens, as doth Ibmetimcs chaunce vnto the adders toong 3 as fhall be declared in the chapter following. - it The place. Thefirft groweth in moift medowes,fennie grounds and fhadowie places.I haue found it in ma¬ ny places, as at Southfleete in Kent, in a wood of Mafter Sydleys by Longfield downes,in the wood by London called Hampfteede-wood, in the fields by Highgate, in the woods byOuendenneere to Clare in Eftex, and in the woods by Dunmow in Eftex. The other fort is leldomefeene. ft The 3*7 HISTORIE OF PLANTS, it The time. They ftoWer in May and Iune. #7 he names. It is called of the later Herbarifts Bifolium, and Oj>hris. it The nature andvertk.es. It is reported of the Herbarifts of our time., to be good for greene wounds, burftings, and rup¬ tures* whereof I haue in my vnguents and Balfams for greene wounds 3 had great experience., and good fuccefle. Of <tAdders toong . Chap. 84 .. it The defeript ion. ’ O P hioglcffum 3 or Lingua Serpent is (called iri Englifh Adders toong, of fome Adders grade;, though vnproperly) rifeth foorth of the grounde 3 hauing one leafe and no more, fatte or oleous in fubftance 3 ofa finger longhand very like the yoong and tender leaues of Maugoldes: from the bottome of which leafe Ipringeth out a fir.ail and tender ftalke, one finger and an halfelong; on the ende whereof dothgrowe a long final! toong 3 not vnlikethetoongofa ferpent 3 whereof it tooke the name. I haue feene an other like the former 3 in root 3 ftalke 3 andleafe; anddiftereth in that that this plant hath two and fometimes more crooked toongs^yet of the fame fafhion, which if my iudgement fade "not, changeth per accidens, eucn as we fee children borne with two thombes vpon one hand : which mooueth me fo tothinke 3 for that in gathering of twentie bufhels of the leaues,a man fhal hardly finde one of thatfafhion. The place . Adders toong groweth in moift medowes throughout rfioft parts of Englande 3 as in a medowe neere the preaching fpittle adioining to London; in the Mantels by London; in the medowes by Colbrooke 3 in the fieldes in Waltham forreft,and many other places, it The time. They are to be founde in Aprill and Male; but in Iune they are quite vanifhed and gone. •it The names. Ophiogloffum is called in fhops Lingua ferpentis. Linguaee , and Lingualace : it is alio called Lan- cea chrifli, Eneaphyllon , and Lingua vulneraria : in Englifh Adders toong 3 or Serpents toon g: iri Dutch Jftatettcmguett: ofthe Germains SBsitCt f implm* •it The nature. Adders toong is drie in the thirde degree. it The vertucs. The leaues of Adders toong ftamped inaftonemortcr, and boiled in oileoliuevnto the con- ^ fumption of the iuibe 3 and vntill the herbes be drie and parched , then ftrained, will yeelde a moft excellent greene oile 3 or rather a Balfame for greene wounds 3 comparabie vnto oile of Saint Iohns woortjif it do not farre furpafte it by many degrees: whofe beautieisfiich 3 that very many Artifts haue thought the fame to be mixed with Verdigreafe. X 4 . Ophiogloffbn. Adders toongc. Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Ofone < Berrie > orberbeTrucloue } andMoonelfroort. Chap.Sf. Herbs Parti, LunarU minor. One Berrie,or herbe Trudouc. ^ Small Mooncwoort. TUI Erbe Paris rifeth vp with one (mail tender ftalke two handes high, at the very top whereof A A come foorth fower leaues directly fet one againft another,in maner ofa Burgunnion croffe or a true lone knot; for which caufe among the auncients it hath bpene called herbeTrueloue: in the middle of the laid leaues commeth a ftarlike flower ,of an herbie or graffie colour j out of the midft whereof there arifeth vp a blackifn browne berrie: the roote is long and tender, creeping vnder the earth,and difperfing it felfe hither and thither. ThcfmallLunarie fpringeth foorth of the ground with one Ieafe like Adders toong, iaggedor cut on both fides into hue or fixe deepe cuts or notches, not much vnlike the leaues of Scolopendrix or Ccteracb , of a greene colour; whereupon doth grow a fmall naked Rename of a finger long, bea¬ ring at the top many little feedes cluttering togither, which being gathered and laide in a platter, or fuch like thing ,for the fjpace of three weekes, there will fall from the fame a fine dull: or mealc of a whitifh colour, which is the fecd,ifit bring foorth any.The roote is {lender and compact of many fmall threddie firings. ■>/. Thepb.ee. Herbs Par it groweth pentifully in all thele places following, that is to faie, in Chalkney woede neeretowakesCoulne, fcauen miles from Colchefter in Ettex ; andin the wood by Robinhoods well, ncere to Nottingham; in the parfonage orcharde at Radwinter in Eflex, neere to Saffron Walden ;in Blackburne at a place called Merton in Lancafhire; in the moore by Canterburiecal¬ led the Clapperin Dingley woode, fixe mile from Pr etton in Aundernette 5 in Rocking parke by Braintree ■ HISTdRIE OF PLANTS. 329 Braintree in Eflex; at Heifer in Lancafhire; and in Cotting woode, in the north of Englande; as that excellent painfull and diligent Phifition mafter do<ftor Turner of latememorie doth recorde in his Herbalh Lunaria or finall Moonevvoort groweth vpon drie and barren mountaines and heathes, I liaue Founde it growing in thefe places following, thatistofaie; about Bathe in Somerfetfhire in ma¬ nic places, efpecially at a place called Carey, two miles from Bruton, in the next dole vnto the chufchyarde ; on Cockes heath betweene Lowft and Linton, three miles from Maidftone in Kent. It groweth alfo in the mines of an olde bricke kill by Colcheftcr, in the grounde of mafter George Sxytr, called Miles ende: it groweth likewift vpon the fide of blacke Heath,neere vnto the ftile that leadeth vnto Eltham houfe,about an hundreth paces from the ftile: alfo in Lancafhire neere vnto a woode called Faireft by Lath am: moreouer in Nottinghamfhire, by the weft woode at Gring!ey 3 & at Wefton in the Ley field,by the weft fide of the townc; and in the bilhops fielde at Yorke,neere vnto Wakefieldc in the clofe where fir George Sauell his houfe ftandeth, called the Heath Hall, by the relation of a learned dodtor in phifickc , called mafter lohn Aicrjhc ofCambridge, and many other places. * The time. Herb* Paris flowreth in ApriII,and the berrie is ripe in the ende of Maie. Lunari* or finall Moonewoort, is to be feene in the moneth of Maie. The names. One Berrie, is alfo called hcrbe’frucloue,and herbe Paris :in Latine Herb* Paris. Lunar ia minorfis called in Englilh finall Lunaric & Moonwoort, it is called likewift Ophioglojfon . it The nature. Herbe Paris is exceeding colde, whereupon it is proued to repreffe the rage and force ofpoifon. Lunar ia minor is colde and drie of temperature. •fyThe vertices. 4 The berries of Herbe Paris giuen by the (pace of twentie daies, are excellent good againft poi- A fon, or the powder of the herbe drunke in like manner halfe a Ipoonefull at a time in the morning falling. The fame is miniftred with great fiiccefte, vntofuchas are become peeuifh, or without vnder-® ftanding, being miniftred as is aforefaide, euery morning by the fpace of twenty daies, as EaptiHx Sardus and Matbiolus haue recorded. Since which time,there hath beene further experience made thereof againft poifon,and putin pra&ift in the citie of Paris,in Louaine, and at the bathes in Hel- uetia,by the right excellent Herbarifts Mathias de L’obel, and Petrus Pena , who hailing often read, that it was one of the Aconites, called Pardalianches , and fo by confoquence, of apoifqning quali- tie,they gaue it vnto dogs and lambes, whoreceiuedno hurt by the fame : wherefore they further profecuted the experience thereof, and gaue vnto two dogs faft bound or coupled tog*ether, a dram of Arfenicke, and one dram of Mercurie fublimate, mixed with flefh,which the dogs would not willingly eate,and therefore they had it crammed downe their throtes: vnto one of thefe dogs, they gaue this antidote following in a little red wine, whereby he recouered his former health againe,withinafew howersjbut the other dog,which had none of the mcdicine,dicd incontinently. This is the receit. R. vtriufque Angelica / innuit)domeIiicam } & filuesfrem VkctoxiciJPalerian* domeHica^Po- lipodij querniya dieum Althcx^dr Vrtica,ana 5 .iiij y Corticis Mezerei German/ci,y ij. grano- rnm herb a Partdis^N. 2 4 .foliorum eiufdent cum toto> Tgjsm. 3 6 . Ex maceratis in aceto radici - * bus, & ficcatis fit omniumpuluis. The people in Germanie dovft the leaucs of Paris herbe in grecne wounds, for the which it is C very good,as reporteth Idachimus Camerarius , who likewifo faith, that the powder of the rootes gi¬ uen to drinke,doth fpeedily ceafe the gripings and paine ofthe collicke. SmallMoonewortisfingulartohealegreene andfrefh wounds; itftaieththe bloodiefiixe. It B 1 hath beene vied among the Alchymiftes, and witches to do wonders withall, who fay, that it will loolelocks,and make them to fall from thefeetc ofhorfos that graft where it doth growe, and hath beene called of them Martagon yvhereas in truth they are all but drowfie dreames and ilIufions,but fingular for wounds as aforefaid. 13 ® THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfWintergreene. Chap.% 6 . • E Pyrola. Wintergrcene. a Lftlonophyllon, One blade. The defcrtption. 1 Yrola hath many tender and very greene leaues, almoft like the leaues ofBecte, but rather in mine opinion like to the leaues of a Peare tree, whereof it tooke his name Pyrola , for that it is Pyrifomts, Among thefe leaues commethvp a ftalke gamifhed with pretie white flow¬ er of a pleafantlweetelmell like Lillium ccnuallatm> or Lillie of the valley. The roote is fin all and threddie, creeping far abroad vnder the ground. 2 Monophyllon or Vnifolium, hath a leafe not much vnlike the greateft leafe of luie, with many ribs or finewes like the Plantaine leafe, which {ingle leafe doth alwaies fpringfoorth of the earth alone, but when the ftalke rifeth vp,it bringeth vpon his fides two leaues, in fafhion like the former 5 at the toppe of which (lender flalke,come foorth fine fmall flowers like Pyrola , which being vaded, there fucceede fmall red berries. The roote is (mail, tender, and creeping far abroad vnder the vpperfaceof the earth. ic The place. 1 Pyrola groweth in Lanfdale, and Crauen, in the north part of England, efpecially in a dole cal¬ led Craggeclofe. 2 Monophyllon groweth in Lancafhire in Dingley wood, fixe miles from Prefton in Aundernefle; and in Harwood,neere to Blackeburne likewife. •k The time. 1 Pyrola fiowreth in Iune and Iuly,and groweth winter and fommer. 2 Monophyllon fiowreth in May,and the fruite is ripe in September. k The names. 1 Pyrola is called in Englifh Winter greene: it hath beene called Limonium of diuers,but vntruly. 2 Monophyllon according to the etymologic of the word,is called in Latine Vnifolium • in Englifn One b!ade,or One leafe. t The 33i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. •fr The nature. 1 Tyrol* is cold in the fecond degree, and drie in the third. 2 Monothylbn is hote and drie of complexion. r hevertues. Pyrola is a moft lingular wound herbe, either giuen inwardly, or applied outwardly, theleaues A whereof ftamped and {trained,and the iuice made into an vnguent,or healing falue,with waxe,oiie, and turpentine, doth cure wounds, vlcers, andfiftulaes, that are mundifiedfrom the callous and tough matter,which keepeth the fame from healing: The decodtion hereof made with wine, is commended to dole vp and heale wounds of the en -15 trailes,and inward partes: it is alfo good fotvlcets of the kidneies, efpccially made with water, and the rootes ofGomfrey added thereto. , . „ n The leaues oiMonophyllon,ox Vnifolium, areofthefameforcein wounds with Pyrola, efpecially C in wounds among the rierues and finewes. Moreduer,it is efteemed of fome late writers, a moft pcr- fedt medicine againft the pcftilence, and all poifbns, if halfe a dram of the roote be giuen in wine, and the ficke go to bed and fweate vpon it. Of Lilly in the valley <i 5 V 3 f ay Lillie. Chap.ftj . I Lillian conuallium. Conuall Lillies. 2 Lilium conualliumflorihwfiiaHC-rubentihut. Red Conuall Lillies. & The defer iption. i ►"1“' He Conuall LilIie,or Lillie of the Vally,hath many leaues like the fmalleft leaues of Water Plantaine; among which rileth vp a naked ftalke halfe a foote high, garnifhed with manic white flowers like little bels,with blunt and turned edges, of a ftrong fauour,yct pleafant ynough; which being paft, there come {mall red berries, much like the berries of ' AJparagus y wherein the feedeis contained.The roote is (mail and flender,creeping far abroad in the ground. 2 The 3j2 THE SECONDE BOOKE OF THE 2 The lecond kindc of May Lillies, is like the former in cuery relpeft ; and herein varieth or dif¬ fered^ that this kindc hath reddifn flowers,and is thought to haue the Tweeter fmell. k The place. 1 The firft groweth on Hampfted heath 3 fower miles from London 3 in great abundance: ncere to Lee in Eflex 3 and vpon Bulhie heath 3 thirteene miles from London,and many other places. 2 That other kinde with the red flower 3 is a ftranger in England : howbeit 1 haue the fame grow¬ ing in my garden. k the time. They flower in May 3 and their fruit is ripe in September* k The names. The Latins haue named it Li Hum contiallum : Gejnerus doth thinke it to Callionymwn: in the Ger¬ maine toong biUilflcn * the Lowe Dutch ttfOSttlkCHS X in French Muguet: yet there is likcwife another herbe which they call c JWuguet, commonly named in Englifh Woodroof. It is called in Englifh Lillie of the vaIley 3 or the Conuall Lillie, andMay Lillies, and in fome places Liriconfancie. k the nature. They are hote and drie ofcomplexion. k the vertues. & The flowers of the Valley Lillie diftillcd with wine 3 and drunke the quantitie ofa Ipoonefull, rc- ftoreth Ipeech vnto thole that haue the dum pallie and that are fallen into the Apoplexie,& is good againft the gowte 3 and comforteth the hart. B The water aforefaid doth ftrengthen the memorie that is weakened and diminifhcd $ it helpeth alfo the inflammation of the eies 3 being dropped thereinto. Q The flowers ofMay Lillies put into a glaue, and let in a hill of antes dole flopped for the fpacc of a moneth 3 and then taken out,therin you fhall finde a liquor, that appealeth the paine and griefc of the gowte, being outwardly applied 5 which is commended to be inoft excellent. OfSea Lauander* Chap. 8 7. 331 'T HISTORIE OF PLANTS. k The deferipiion. Here hath beene among writers from time to time, great contention about this plant Li- moniumpo one author agreeing with another: for foine haue called this herbe Lmonium' y fome anotherherbe bythisname;andfomcinrcmoouingthe rock,haue mired themfelues inthemaid,as whodeferibedtwokindes, butmadenodiftin&ionof them, noryetex- prefied which was the true Limonium^awt as a man herein ignorant, he fpeakes not a word of them. Now then toleaue controuerfies andcauilling, the true Limomum is that which hath fairelcaues, like theLimon or Orenge tree,but of a dark green coIor,fomvvhatfatter,S: a little crumpled.-among which leaues rifeth vp an hard and brittle naked ftalke^ofa foote high,diuided at the top into fundry other fmall branches, which growe for the moft part vpon the one fide, full of little blewifh flow. ers,in fhew like Lauander, with long red feede,and a thicke roote like vnto the fmall Docke. 2 There is a kinde of Lrmomum like the firft in each refpe£t,but lefler, which groweth vpon rocks and chaikie cliffes. kThe place. 1 The firft groweth in great plentie vpon the walles of the fort againft Grauefend: alfo fall by the Kings Ferrey going into the He of Shepey: in the fait marfhes by Lee in ElTex; in the Marfh bv Har¬ wich,and many other places. 2 The final kinde I could ncuer finde in any other place,but vpon the chaikie cliffe going from the towne of Margate downe to the fea fide,vpon the left hand. k The time. They flower in Iune and Inly. kThe names. It fhall be needlefle to trouble you with any other Latinename than is exprefted in their titles: the people neere the fea fide where it groweth do call it Matfh Lauander,and Sea Lauander. kThe nature. The feed o£Limonium is very aftringent or binding. k Tbevertues. The feede beaten into powder,and drunkc in wine,helpeth the collicke, ftrangurie,&Dyfentena. A The feede taken as aforefaid,ftaieth the ouermuch flowing ofwomens termes,and alother fluxes B of blood. ,-vwv v.: v\t ;; OfSerapias Turbith.orSea St amort. Chap. 8 8. Tripolium -vulgare. Sea Starwort. kThe description. 1 T 1 He firfl kinde of Tripolium hath long and large leaues, fomewhat hollow or furrow¬ ed, of a fhining greene colour declining to blevv- nefle, like the leaues of Woade : among which rifeth vp a ftalk of two cubits high & morejwhich toward the topis diuided into many fmall bran¬ ches, garnifhed with many flowers like Camo- mill, yellow in the middle, let about or bordered with fmall blewifh leaues, like a pale, as in the flowers of Camomiil, w hich growe into a whi- tifh rough downe,that ftieth away with the vvind» The roote is long-arid threddie. 2 There is another kinde of Tripolium like the firft,but much fmaiier,wherein confifteth the dif¬ ference. 'k The place. Thefe herbs grow plentifully along the Englifh coaftes in many places, as by the fort againft Grauefend, in the He of Shepey in fundry places, in a marfh which is vnder the towne wals of Har¬ wich , in the marfh by Lee in Eftex, in a marfh which is between the He of Shepey & Sandwich, efpecially where it ebbeth and floweth : being brought into gardens,it florifheth long time,but there it waxeth huge, great, &ranke$ and chan- geth the great rootes into fttings. k 7 he time. Thefe herbes do flower in May and June, kTh 334 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft Thennmes. It is reported by men of great fame and learning, that this plant was called Tripolium , bicaufe it doth change the colour of his flowers thrice in a day. Indeede the word Tripolium doth importfo much.This rumor we may beleeue^and it may be true,for that we fee and perceiue things of as great and greater wonder ,to proceedc out of the earth /This herbe I planted in my garden,whither(in his leafon)I did repaire tofinde out the truth hereof, butlcouldnotefpie any fuch variablenefie here¬ in ; yet thus much I may fay, that as the heate of the funne doth change the colour of diuers flow¬ ers : fo it fell out with this, which in the morning was very faire, but afterwarde of a pale or wan co¬ lour. Which prooueth that to be but a fable which Dio/corides write th, that in one day it changeth the colour of his flowers thrice: that is to fay,in the morning it is white, at noone purple, and in the euening <poivnt 7 v ,or crimfbn.But it is not vntrue,that there may be found three colours of the flowers in one day,by reafon that the flowers are not all perfe&ed togither (as before I partly touched,) but one after another by little and little.And there may eafily be obferued three colours in them, which is to be vnderftood ofthem that are beginningto flower, that are perfectly flowred, and thofe that are falling away. For they that are blowing,and be not wide open & perfect, are of apurplifh co¬ lour,and thofe that are perfedt and wide open,of a whitifli blew; and fuch as are falling away,haue a white downe: which changing happeneth vnto fiindry other plants. This herbe is called of Serapias Turbith .-women that dwell by thefeafide, call itinEnglifh blew Dailies, orblew Camo- inill j and about Harwich it is called Hogsbeanes, for that the fwine doe greatly delight tofeede thereon: as alfo for that the knobs about the rootes do fomwhat refemble the Garden Beane. It is called in Greeke 7?mW,and ofdiuers 4 «^\it may be fitly called Aster Marines ,or Amellm Marwm: in Englifh Sea Starwort,SerapiasTurbith,offomeBlew Daifies. The Arabian Serapio, doth call Sea Starvvort, Turbith, and after him Auicen : yet A ffuariits the Grecian doth thinke that Turbith is the roote of Aiypum i Mefues judged it to be the roote of an herbe like Fennell. The hiftorie of T urbith of the fhops fhall be difeourfed vpon in his proper place. ft The nature. ■ Tripoliumis hot in the third degree, as Galen faith. # Thevertues. A The roote of Tripolium taken in wine by the quantitie of two drains^ driueth forth by fiegc watc- rifh and grofle humors,for which caufe it is often giuen to them that haue the dropfie. B It is an excellent herbe againftpoifon,and comparable with Pyrola, ifnot of greater efficacie, in healing of wounds either outward or inward. Of 'Turbith of ntioch. Chap. 85?. ft The defeript ion. G Arcia a Lufitanian or Portingale phifition faith that Turbith is a plant hauing a roote which is neither great nor long : the ftalk is of a (pan long, fomtimes longer, a finger thicke, which creepeth in the groundelike Iuie, and bringethfoorthleaues like thofe of the marifliMah lowe. The flowers be alfo like thofe of theMallowe, ofareddiih white colour: the outward rinde of wdiofe roorcs is that which is profitable in medicine, and is the fame that is vfed in fhops: they choofe that for the be ft which is hollowe, & round like a reede, brittle, and with a finooth barke, as alfo that whereunto doth cleaue a congealed gum, which is faide to be gummofum^oi gummie,and fomewhat white. But, as Garcias faith,it is not alwaies gummie of his own nature; but the Indians bicaufe they fee that ourmarchants note the beft Turbith by the gumminefle, arewoont before they gather the fame, either to writhe or elfe lightly tobrufe them, that the fappeor liquor may iffueout; which roote being once hardned, theypicke outfromthereft to fell at a greater price. It is likewife made white, as the faide author fheweth, being dried in the funne: for if it be dried in the fhadowe^it waxeth blacke. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Turbith Alexandrinwn officimrnm. Turpetumpx Turbith of the ill ops. •k The place. Itgrovvethby thefea fide, but yet notloneere that it may receiue the vapors that life from the fea,but two or three miles diftant, and that in vntif- led grounds rather moift then drie. Itisfoundein Cambaya,Stirratcs,in the lie Dion,Bazaim,and in places hard adioining; alfo in Guzarates, where it groweth plentifully 3 from whence great abundance of it is brought intoPerfia, Arabia, little Alia, and fo into Europerbut that is preferrcd*vhich groweth in Cambaya. k The names. It is called of the Arabians,Perfiansj'and Turks Turbith: and in Guzarata Barcaman ; in thepro- uince Canara, in which is the citie Goa, Tigus.r: likewifc in Europe the learned call it by fundrie names, according to thejr feuerallfancies 3 which hath bred fundrie controuerfies as it hath fallen out betweene the Hcrmodadyles, and Turbith; the vie and pollellionof which, we cannot feeme to want: but which plant is the true Turbith 3 we haue great caufe to doubt. Some haue thought our Trtpoliummarinnm 3 defcribed in the former chap* ter to be Turbith: others haue fuppofed it to bee one of the Tythimales, but which kir.de they knovve not: Guillxndmm faith 3 that the roote of Tythi- main* mirfinitii is the true Turbith ; which caufed L’Obelius and Ten a to pluckevpby the rootesall the kindes of Tyth malespnd drie them very curiouflie; which when they had beheld 3 and through¬ ly tried,they founde it nothing lo.The Arabians and halfe Moores that dwell in the eafl parts 3 haue giuen diuers names vnto this plant: and as their wordes are diuers 3 fo haue they diuers figniflcati- ons;but this name Turbith they feeme to interpret to be any milkie root which doth ftrongly purge flegme, as this plant doth. So that as men haue thought good pleafing, themfelues 3 they haue made many & diuers conllru&ions which haue troubled many excellent learned men 3 toknowe whofe roote is the true Turbith. But briefly tofetdowns mine opinion, not varying from the judgement ofmen which are of great experience; I thinke afluredly that the roote of Scammonie of Antioch is the true & vndoubted Turbith: one reafon efpecially that mooueth me fo to thinke is, for that I haue taken vp the rootes of Scammonie which grewe in my garden, and compared them with the rootes of Iurbith, betweene which Ifounde little or no difference at all. k The temperature and vert ties. 1 he Indian phifitions do vfe it to purge flegme, to which if there be no ague they do adde gin- A ger 3 otherwife they giue it without it in the broth of a chicken 3 and fometimes in faire watefninii c%?/»^writeth, that Turbith is hot in thethirde degree; and that it v.oideth thicke tough B flegmeoutof the ftomacke, cheft 3 finewes, and out of the furthermoft parts of thebodie: but (as he faith) it is flowe in working, and troubleth and ouerturneth the ftomacke : and therfere gin¬ ger, mafticke, and other fpices are to be mixed with it; alfooileoflweetealmondes, oralmondes themfelues, or fugar, leaft the bodie with the vfe heereoffhoulde pine and fall away. Others tem¬ per it with dates, fweete almonds, and certaine other things, making thereof acompofition (that the apothecaries call an Eleduarie) which is named J)et^omxXy: common in fhops, and in continuall vfe among expert phifitions. There-js giuen at one time of this Turbith one dram(more or lcffe)two atthe mofhbut in the de- C codion ,or in the infufion three or fower. of / THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 36 Of Arrowe header water Archer . Qhap. 9 o. I Sagittaria maior. 2 Sagittartaminor. Great Arrowe head Small Arrowe head it The definition. 1 frTr* He firfl kind of water Archer or Arrow head , hath large & long leaues, in fhape like the I fign c Sagittarius, or rather like a bearded broad arrowe header amongwhich rifethvp a fat and thicke flalk, two or three foote long,bailing at the top many pretie white flowers, declining to a light carnation, compadtof.three fmall leaues: w hich being paft, there come after great rough knops or burres wherein is the feede, The roote confifleth ofmany firings * 2 The fecond is like the firfl, and differeth in that this kinde hath fmaller leaues and flowers, and greater burres and rootes. 3 The thirde kinde of A rrowe heade hath leaues in fhape like the broade Arrowe head,Handing vpon the endes of tender foote flalkes acubitelong: among which rife vplong naked fmooth flalkes of a greenifh colour,from the middle whereof to the top do growe flowers like to the prece- dent.The roote is fmall and threddie. 3 SagittdrU 33 ? HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 Sdrift aria minor Angujlifolia, Narrow leafed Arrow head. - - jot /s ^ k T heplacc. Thefe herbes do grow in the watric ditches by faint George his fielde neere vnto London; in the Tower ditch at London; in the ditches neere the wals of Oxforde;by ChelmesfordeinEflex 3 and many other places, as namely in the ditch neere the place ofexecution, called faint Thomas Wa¬ rnings not far from London. k The time. They flower in Maie and Iunc. k The names. Sngittaria may be called in Englifh the water Archerpr Arrow heade. k The nature and vertues. I flnde not any thing extant in writing either concerning their vertues or temperament , bur donbtleflethey are colde and drie in qualitie, and are like water Piantaine in facultic and tempera¬ ment. . .. Of water 'Tlantaine. Cbap.y i. I Plant ago aquatic 4. Water Piantaine. . 2 Plant ago aquat.humlislDwaite water Plantain. 338 THE SECOND BOOK||QF THE it Thedefcription. He firftkinde of water Plaintainehath faire great large leaues like"the lande Plantaine,but fmoother,and not (o full of ribbes or finewes : among which rifeth vp a tall (femme fower footehigh, deuiding it felfe into many (lender braunches, garnifhed with infinite fmall white flowers,which being paft there appeerc trianglcdhuskes or buttons, wherin is the feed. The roote is as it were a great tuftofthreds or thrums. 2 The feconde kinde hath long, little, and narrowe leaues, much like the Plantaine called Rib- woort: among which rife vppe fmall and feeble ftalkes braunched at the top, whereon are placed white (potted flowers, confining of three (lender leaues; which being fallen, there come to your ^iew round knops,or rough burs: the roote is threddie. fyTheplacc. Thefe herbes growe about the brinkes ofriuers, pondes and ditches almofteuery where. ' r . - ...... it The time. They flower from lune till Augufl:. it The names. The firfi: kinde is called Plant ago aquatica, that is, water Plantaine. The (econd Plant ago aquati- ea humitis , that is,the lowe water Plantaine. it The nature. Water Plantaine is colde anddrie pftemperature. it The ven ues. The leaues of water Plantaine as (bme authors report, arc good to be laide vpon the Icgges of fuch as are troubled with the dropfie,and hath the fame propertie that the land Plantaine hath. 0 [Land Tlantaine. Cbap.yz. * The kindes. There be diuers fortes of Land Plantaines,differing in forme very notably,as (hall be declared. 1 Plant ago latif olta. -... 2 plant ago incana. Brode leafed Plantaine. - Hoarie Plantaine. # The description. 1 A S the Greekes hauc called fome kinde ofherbes, Serpents toong,Dogs toong, and Oxe toong; fb haue they termed a kinde of Plantaine ‘^frnoglojjayv hich is as if you fhould fay A Lambes toong, very well knowen vnto all, by reafbn of the great commoditie and plentie thereof growing euery where; and therefore it is needleflc to fpend time about them. The greatnes and fafhion of the leaues hath beenc the caufe of the varieties,and diuerfities of their names. 2 The fecond is like the firft kinde,and differeth in that,that this kinde of Plantaine hath greater, but fhorter (pikes or knaps:and the leaues are of an hoarie or ouerworne greene colour: the ftalkes likewifc hoarie and hairie. 3 Plant ago latifolia minor. Small broad leafed Plantaine. 4 Plant Ago angufiifolia minor. Small narrow ieafed Plantaine. The defeript ion. 3 The (mall Plantaine hath many tender leaues ribbed, like vnto the great Plantaine 3 and is very like in each refpeft vnto ir,fauing that it is altogither lefler. 4 The narrow leafed Plantaine is like vnto the final Plantaine, fauing that the leaues of this plant are narrower,whereinconftftcth the difference. it Thedefcription. The fpiked Role Plantaine hath very few leaues, narrower than phe leaues of the fecond kind of Plantaine,fharper at the ends,& further growing one from another.lt beareth a very double flower vpon a fhort ftem like a Rofe, of a greenifh colour tending to yellownefle.The feede groweth vpon a fpikie tuft,aboue the higheft part of the plant: notwithftanding it is but very lowe iarefped of the other Plantaines aboue mentioned. 6 The fixt kinde of Plantaine hath beenc a ftranger in England, and elfewhere vntill the impref- lion hereof. The caufe why I fay fo, is the want of confideration of that beautie, which is in this plant, wherein it excelleth all the other. Moreouer, bicaufe that it hath not beene written of, or recorded before this prefenttime : though plants of lefler moment haue beene very curioufty fee foorth. This plant hath leaues like vnto them of the former, and more orderly fpred vpon the ground like aRofe, among which rife vp many fmall ftalkes like thsother Plantaines, hailing at the top of euery one a fine double Role, altogither vnlike the former; of an hoarie or ruftie greene colour. r a 5 Plant ago THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Plant Ago Rofeajpicata. Spiked Role Plantainc. 6 plant ago Rofea exotica. Strange Role Plantainc. •k the place. The greater Plantaines do grow almoft euery where. The Idler Plantaines are found on the fea coaftes,and banks of great riuers, which arc fbmtimcs wafhed with brackifh water. i? The time. They are to be feene from Aprill vnto September. it The names. Plantaine is called in Latine Plant ago, and in Greeke and ^Arnoglofja, that is to fay, Lambes toong.The Apothecaries keepc the Latine name: in Italian Piantagme , and Plantagtne: in Spanifh Lhantem ; the Germaines X in Low Dutch £L£lS(iji^C X in Englifh Plantaine and Weybred: in French Plantain. The temperature. Plantaine, as Galen faith, is of a mixt temperature: for it hath in it a certaine waterie coldnefle, with a little harfhneffe, earthie, drie, and cold. Therefore they are cold and drie in the fecond de¬ gree. To be briefe,they are drie without biting, and cold without benumming. The roote is of like temperature,but drier,and not fo cold.Thc feede is of fubtile partes 3 and of temperature lefte cold. •ft The vertues. A Plantaine is good for vlcers that are of hard curation,for fluxes., iffues, rewmes and rottennefle, and for the bloodie flixe.lt ftaieth bleeding,it healeth vp hollow fores, and concauate vlcers as well oldeasnew. Of all the Plantaines the greateft is the belt, andexcellcth the reft in facultieand vertue. ^ B The iuice or dccodion of Plantaine drunken, ftoppeth the bloodie flixe and all other fluxes of the belly, ftoppeth the pilling of blood, (pitting of blood, with all other ifliies of blood in man or woman,and the defire to vomite. Plantaine HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 341 Plantaine leases damped and made into aTanfie 3 with the yelks of egges, ftaieth the inordinate C fluxeof the termes, although it liaue continued many yeeres. The roote of Plantaine with the (cede boiled in white wine and drunke 3 openeth the conduites or D pafiages of the liner and kidncics 3 cure the iaundies 3 and vicerations of the kidneies and bladder. The inice dropped into the eies 3 doth coole the heate or inflammation thereof. I finde in ancient E writers many Good morrowes, which I thinke notmeete to bring into your memorie againe, as that three rootes will cure one griefe 3 fowcr another dileale, fixe hanged about the necke are good for another maladie 3 Sic.all which are but ridiculous toies. The lcaues are Angular good to make a water to wafh a fore throte and mouth 3 or the priuie parts F ofman or woman. . cl The leaues of Plantaine damped, & put into oile oliue, & let in the hot funne for a moneth togi- G ther,and after boiled in akettle of leething water (which we do call Balnea Mari<t)&L then drained: preuaileth againd the paines in the eares, the yarde or matrix(being dropped into the eares 3 or cad with a firing into the other parts before rehearfed) or the paines of the fundament: proouedby a learned gentlcman 3 Mader William Godomtts Sergeant Chirurgion to the Queenes Maiedie. V ■ ' V -v ! •:*.» . 7 ■ ■ • - ■ ' . • ' *V" ’■ " Of Ribwort. Cbap.y^. I Plant ago quinqueneruia. Ribwoorte Plaincaine. 2 Plant ago quinquenerufo rofea. Role Ribwoorte. R # The defeription. woorte or fmall Rantaine, hath many leaues dat fpred vpon the ground, narrow 3 fharpe pomted,and ribbed lor the mod part with due nerues or finewes, & therefore ir was called * , : in tire middle of which leaues rifeth vp a creded or ribbed da!k, bearing at opadarkeor duskieknap, fee with a fewe fuch white flowers as are the flowers of Wheate. Y ?, The 34 * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE The roote and other parts are like the other Plantaines. 2 Role Ribwoort hath many broade and Ion g leaucs ,of a darke greene colour,fharpe pointed and ribbed with hue nerues or finewes, like the common Ribwoort: among which rife vp naked flalkes, furrowed, chamfered,or crefled with certaine fharpe edges: at the toppe whereof groweth a great and large tuft of fuchleauesas thofe are that growe next the grounde, making one entire tuft or vmble,in iliape refembling the rofe,(whereof I thought good to giue it his fiirname role) which is his flower. it 7 he place. Ribwoort groweth almoft euerie where in the borders of path waies, and fertillfieldes. Rofe Ribwoort is not very common in any pIace;notwithftanding it groweth in my garden, and wilde alfo in the north parts of Englande; and in afielde neere London by a village called Hoggef donfounde by a learned marchant of London mafter lames Cole, alouerof plants, and very skil- full in the knowledge of them. it The time. They flower and flourifh when the other Plantaines do. , it The names. Ribwoorte is called in Greeke mv^vys •. in Latin Quinquenernia, and Lanceola , or Lanceolatx: in high Dutch UiCgttCf): in French Lanceole: in lowe Dutch | 3 ont!t 0 tlhbCjthat istofaie in Latine Cojla canina , or Dogs rib: in Englifh Ribwoort,and Ribwoort Plantaine. The fecond I haue thought meete to call Rofe Ribwoort in Englifh, and Qmnqueneruia Rojeain Latine. it The temperature. Ribwoort is colde and drie in the fcconde degree,as are the Plantaines. it 7 he vertues. The vertues are referred to the kindes of Plantaine. OffeaTPlantaines. Cbap.p^., I UoloHeum Salamanttcum . Flowring fea Plantaine. 2 Holofleumparuwri* Small fea Plantaine* HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 343 tfr The definition. 1 Arolus Clufius that excellent learned Herbarift, hath referred thefe two forts of Holofieum ( vntothekindesof fea Plantaine. The firft hath long leaues like the common Rib woorte, but narrower, couered with an ouerworne greene colour, with fome hearinefle or woollinefie: among which there rifeth vp a ftalke,bearing at the top a (pike, like the kinds of Plan- taine, befet with many (mail flowers of an herbie colour declining to whitenes. The feed is like that of the Plantaine: the roote is long and woodie.' 2 The (econd is like the former^ but fmaller: the flowers are like to Coronopus , or the lefler Rib- woort. 3 Plant ago marina. Sea Plantaine. 4 Holofieum Petraum. Mountaine Plantaine. ,v 3 The thirde kinde which is the fea Plantaine,hath fmall and narrowe leaues like Buckes home, but without any manifeft incifure, cuttings or natchesvpon the one fide: among whichriletlivpa (pikie ftalke like the common kinde, but (mailer. 4 There is a little graflie plant growing vpon (Ionic mountaines and rockes couered with grade, called Holofieum Petraum:'\ thath many graflie leaues, ftiffe,bentie, rough and (hearing, as Sheere grade is: the top of eche graflie leafe diuideth it felfe into diuers parts in maner of a fmall tuft. The roote is (lender and very full of threddes. ft The place. The two firft do grow in moft of the kingdomes of Spaine. Carolus clufius writeth that he neuer (awe greater or whiter then neere to Valentia, a citie of Spaine, by the high waies: fince they haue beene founde at Baftable in the He of Wight: and in the lies of Garnfey and Iarfey. The thrid doth growe neere vnto the fea fide in all the places about Englande where I haue tra- uelled,efpecially by the fortes on both the (ides of the water at Grauefendj at Erith neere London j at Lee in Efiex 5 at Rie in Kent; at Weftchefter, and at Briftowe, # 7 he names. Holofieum is alfo called Plant ago anguH /folia albida } or Plant ago Hifianienfis •’ in Englifti Spanifh haitie (mail Plantaine 3 or flowring fea Plantaine. Y 4 a The 344 THE SECONDE BOOKE OF THE •fr The temperature and vertues. Galen faith,that Holofiium is of a binding and drying facultie. Galen, Dio/corsdes 3 2nd Pliny haue prooued it to be inch an excellent wounde herbe, that it pre- fently clofetn or fhutteth vp a wounde though it be very great and large: and by the fame authority Ifpeakeit, that if it be put into a pot where many peeces of flefh are boiling, it will foderthemto- gither. Thefe herbes haue the fame faculties and vertues that the other Plantaines haue, and are thought to be the beft of all the kindes. Offea c Budforne c Plantaines. Chap. 95 . 1 Coronopm. SeaBuckehorne. 2 CoroncpmJiueScrpentinaminor. Small Sea Bucknorne. *&The defeription. 1 He new writers following,as it were by tradition 3 thofethathauewrittenIongagone 3 hauc I bcene content to heare themfelues fpeake, and let downe certainties by incertaine fpee- ches; which hath wrought fuch confufion and corruption in writings, that fomany wri¬ ters lo many fundrieopinions,as maymofteuidently appeere in thefe plants and mothers: And my felfe am content rather to futfer this fcarre to pafTe, than by correding the error 3 to renew the olde wound. But for mine owne opinion thus I thinke: The plant which is reckoned for a kinde of Coro - nopus, is doubtlelfe a kinde of Holosleum ; my reafbn is 3 bicaufe it hath graflie leaues 3 or rather leaues like Vet onto afyluettrispx wilde Pinks ; a roote like thole of Garyophyllata or Auens,and the fpikie eare of Holotthim or feaPlantaine, which are certaine arguments, that thefe writers haueneuerfeene the plant,'but onely the pidure thereof, and fo haue let downe their opinions by hearefay. This plant likewife hath beene altogither vnknowen vnto the olde writers. It groweth on the hilles and rocks HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 4s racks neere thewafhings of the lea at Maflilia in great plentie, almoft euery whereamong the Tragaganthum, hailing a moftthicke and fpreading clufter of leaues, after the manner of Sedum minimumfaxcum montanum,ox finall Stonecrop, fomewhat like Pinafter, or the wilde Pine, as well in maner of growing as ftilfenefle, and great increafe of his {lender branches,which are nine inches long. It hath the fmall feede of Plantaine, or Serpentina vulgaris, conteined within his fpikie eares„ The roote is fomewhat long,wooddie,and thicke,in tafte fomewhat hot and aromaticalL 2 The fecond fort of wilde fea Plantaine or Serpentina,ditfcrcth not from the former, but onely in quantise and flendernefee of his {talks, and the ftnalnefteof his leaues, which exceede not the height of two inches, growing moft plentifully vpon the cliffes and rocks,and the tops of the bar¬ ren mountaines of Sauena,and Narbon in Fraunce. 3 Co^onopmfineferpentina minima. Small Buckhorne Plantaine. The dejcript ion. 3 This finall fea plant is Iikewife one of the kindes of feaPlantaine, participating as well of Buckhorne as of Holojlium ,being as it were a degenerate kind of fea Plantaine. It hath many graffie leaues, very like vnto the herbe Thrifte; among which come foorth little tender footeftalkes, whereon do growe fmall lpikie knops like thole of lea Plantaine. The roote is tough and threddie. & The dejcript ion. 4 Moufetaile or Cauda muris , refembleth the Iaft kind ofwild Coronopus or fea Plantain,in finall fpikie knops, leaues and ftalkes, that I know no reafon to the contrarie,but that I may as well place this finall herbe among the kinds of Coronopus or Buckhorne, as other writers haue placed kindes of HoloBium in the fame fedtion 5 & if that be pardonable in them, I truft this may be tolerated in me,confidering that without controuerfie this little and bale herbe is a kinde o iHoloftium^ hailing many finall fhort graflie leaues fpred on the ground, an inch long orfome- whatmore; among which do rife finall tender na¬ ked ftalkes of two inches long, bearing at the top a little biackifh torch, or fpikie knop in fhape like that of the Plantaines, refernbling very notably the taileofa moufe, whereof it tooke his name. The roote is finall and threddie. it The place. The firft and fecond of thefe plants are ftrangers in England,notwithftanding I haue heard fay,that they growe vpon the rockes in ScvlIa,Garnfey,and thelleofMan. Moufetaile groweth vpon a barren ditch bankc neere vnto a gate leading into a pafture, on the right hand of the way as you go from London to a village 340 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE village called Hampfteed $ in a field as you go from Edmonton, a village neere London, vntoa houfe thereby called Pims,by the footepathes fides; in Woodford Rowe in Waltham forreft, and in the orchard belonging to Mailer Franck Whet Hone in Efiex,and other places. ☆ The time. They flower and flourifh in May and Iune. The names. Mathiolm writeth, that the people of Goritia do commonly call thefe two former plants Serpen- tariaand Serpentina^ butvnproperly; for that there be other plants which may better be called Serpentina than thele two: we may call them in Englifh wild fea Plantaine,wherof doubtlefie they are kindes. Mouletaile is called in Latine Cauda Murk , and Cauda murina : in Greeke or Myojiiros is called of the French men Queue deJourk: in Englifh Bloodllrange and Mouletaile. ie The temperature. Coronopus is cold and drie much like vnto the Plantaines.Moufetailc is colde and lomething dry- ing,with a kinde of aftridion or bindingqualitie. The verities. Their faculties in working are referred vnto the Plantaines and Harts home. Of Buckjoorne Tlantaines^or Harts home . Chap.96. 1 Cornu Ceruinurn. Hartes home. 2 Coronopus Ruelliy. Swines Crelfes,or Bucks home. The deferiptiofi* Vckes home or Hartes horne,hath long narrowc hoarie leaues , cut on both the fides with three or fower fhort ftartes or cnagges,relembling the braunches of an Harts hornc,lprca- ding it lelte on the ground like a ftarre: from the middle whereof fpringvpfmall, round, naked hairie ftalkes; at the top whereof do grow little knops orlpikie torches a Iike thole of the fmal Plantame.The roote is Render and threddie* % FueUim HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. *■ 347 2 Ruellius Buclces home or Swines Crertes,hath many finall and weake ftrag’ingbraunches, trai¬ ling heere and there vpon the grounde,fet with many (inall cut or lagged leaues, fomewhat like the former,but fmaller and nothing at all hairie,as is the other. The flowers growe among the leaues in finall rough clutters, of an herbie greenifh colour; which being part, there come in place little flat pouches broad and rough,in which the feede is conteined.Thc roote is white, threddie,and in taftc like the garden Creffes. it the place. They growe in barren plaines and vntilled places,and fandie grounds,as in Touthill fielde ncerc vnto Weftminfter; at Waltham twelue miles from London, and vpon biacke Heath alio necre London. it The time . They flower and flouriflh when the Plantaines do,whereofthefe haue beene taken to be kindes. it The names. Buckes home is called in Latine Cornu Ceruinum , or Harts home: diuers name it Herba Stella , and Stellaria , although there be another herbe fo called : in lowe Dutch IpCrtTflOC^Cn X in Spanifh Guiabella: in French Come de Cerf.Diofcor ides & alfo diuers others after him name it K>?avomvf ,which doth fignifie Cornicispedem ,a Crowes foote: notwithftanding it is not Coronopus, which he hath ex- prefled vnder the fame title : it is called alfo by certainebaftarde names, as Harenaria, orSand- woott } Sanguinaria , or Blond wooct: and of many herbe Iuie,or herbe Eue. it The temperature. Buckes home is like in temperature to the common Plantaine, inthatitbindeth, cooleth, and drieth. it Thevertues. The leaues of Bucks home boiled in drinke, and giuen morning and euening for certaine daies A togither, helpeth moft woonderfully thofe that haue Tore eies, waterie, or blafted, and moft of the gricfes that happen vnto the eies, experimented by a learned Phifition of Colchefter called matter Duke y and the like by an excellent apothecarie ofthe fame towne called matter Buckflone. The leaues and rootes ftamped with baie fait, and tied to the wrefts ofthe armes, taketh awaie B fits of the ague: and it is reported to worke the like effed being hanged about the necke of the pa¬ tient in a certaine number,as vnto men nine plants rootes and all, and vnto women and children feauen. Of Saracenes Confound . Chap .9 7 . Solidago Saracenica. Saracens Confound. it The defeription. S Aracens Confounde hath many long narrow leaues cut or ileightly fhipt about the edges: among which rife vppe faire browne hollowe ftalkes,of the height offower cubites; along which euen from the bottome to the top, is fet with long, fmall, and narrowe leaues, like them of thePeach tree: at the top of the ftalkes growe little bleake yel¬ low flowers,which turne into downe, and are caried away with the winde.The roote is verie fibrous or threddie. it The place. Saracens Confounde groweth by a wood, as yee ride from great Dunmowe in Ettfex, vnto a place called Clare in the faide countrey5 from whence I brought fome plants'into my garden. it The time. It flowreth in Maie,and the feede is ripe the fame moneth. it The name. Saracenes Confounde is called in Latine Solidago Saracenica , or Saracens Comfrey, and Confolida Saracenica : in Dutch fpetttmtffcf) MtmBtfemtt; of fome Herba fortis: in Englilh Saracens Con¬ found,and Saracenes Woundwoort. ' • it The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE *$r The nature. Saracens Confound is drie in the thirde degree, with fome manifeft heat. ic The verities. A Saracens Confound is not inferior to any of the wounde hcrbes whatfbcuer, being inwardly mi- niftred, or outwardly applied in ointments or oiles: with it I cured mafter Cartwright a gentleman ofGrayes Inne,whowas greeuoufly wounded into the lungs, and that by Gods permiffion in Abort (pace. B The Ieaues boiled in water and drunken, doth reftraine and ftaie the wafting of the liuer, takeih away the oppiladon and ftopping of the fame,and profiteth againft the iaundies and feauers of long continuance. C The deco&ion of the Ieaues made in water,is excellent againft the forenefle of the throte,if it be therewith gargarifed; it incrcafeth alfothe vertue and force of lotion or wafhing waters, appro¬ priate for priuie maimes,fore mouthes,and fuch like,if it be mixed therewith. Oj (jolden 'Rod. Qoap . 98 . a Firga wren K^frnotti FilUnouani. Arnold of the new towne his Golden Rod. Q l Virga aurea. Golden Rod. The defeription. 1 Olden Rod hath long broad Ieaues fomewhat hoarie and flfarpe pointed; among which f -r rife vp browne ftalkes two foote high, diuidingthemfelues towardethe toppe into fun- drie branches,charged or loden with fmall yellow flowers, which when they be ripe,turnc into downe,which is caried away with the winde.The roote is threddie and browne of colour. 2 Thefecond fort of Golden Rod hath (mall thinne Ieaues, broader than thofeof the firft deferi- bed, fmooth, with fome fewe cuts or nicks about the edges,and fharpe pointed; of a hot and harlh tafte in the throte being chewed; which ieaues are fetvpon a faire reddifhftalke, whereof it tooke his name. The flowers growe at the top of a golde yellow colour, whereof fo me haue thought it tooke his name: whole opinion I hold for beft; which flowers turne into downc that is carried away with thavinde, as is the former.The roote is fmall, compact of many firings or threds. H The 342 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The place. They both growc plentifully in Hampftecd wood neere vntothe gate thatleadethoutof the wood, vnto a village called Kentifh towne, not far from London ; in a wood by Rayleigh in Eflex, hardc by a Gentlemans houfe called Matter Leonard, dwelling vpon Dawes heath; in Southfieete, and in Swanfcombe wood alfo neere vnto Grauefend. ft- 7 he time. They flower and flourifh in the end of Auguft. ft The names. It is called in Englifh Golden Rod: in Latine Virgaaurea, bicaule the branches are like a gol¬ den rod ; in Dutch ^Ul'Ocn COEUC X in French Verge d’or. ft The temperature. GoldenRodishot anddrie in the fecond degree; it clenfeth with a certaine aftri&ion or bin¬ ding qualitie. • tyThevcrtucs. Golden Rod prouoketh vrine, wafteth away the ftones in the kidneies, and expelleth them; and A withall bringeth downe tough and rawe flegmatike humors Ricking in the vrine veflels,wbich now and then do hinder the comming away of the ftones ; and caufeth the grauell or fand which is brittle,to be gathered togither into one ftone. And therfore <^Trnoldws Villanouanus by good realoiV^ hath commended it againft the ftone and paine of the kidneies. It is of the number of thofe plants that ferue for wound drinkes, and is reported that it can fully B performe all thofe things that Saracens Confound can : and in my pra&ifc fhallbe placed in the foremoft ranke. c. Arnoldus writeth,that the diftilled water drunke with wine for fome few daies togither,worketh C the fame efFe&,that is,for the ftone and grauell in the kidneies. It is extolled aboue all other herbes for the flopping of blood in fanguinolentvlcers andblee- D ding wounds; and hath in timespaft been had in greater eftimation and regarde than in there daies: for within my remembrance, I haue knowne the drie herbe which came from beyond the feas, folde in Bucklers burie in London forhalfe a crowne an ounce. Butfince it was founde in Hampfteed wood, euen as it were at our townes end, no man will giue halfe a crowne for an hundred weight of it: which plainly fetteth foorth ou^fnconftancie and hidden miitabiiitie, efteeming no longer of anything (howpretious foeuer itbe) than whileft itis ftrange and rare. This verifieth our Englifh prouerbe,Far fetcht and deere bought,is beft for Ladies.Yct it may be more truly faid offantafticall Phifttionsjwho when they haue found an approoued medicine,& perfect remedy neer home againft any difeafo; yet not contented with that, they will feeke for a new farther off, and by that meanes many times hurt more than they helpe. Thus much I haue fpoken,to bring thefe new fangled fel- lowes backe againe to efteeme better of this admirable plant than they haue done; which no doubt hath the fame vertue now that then it had, although it do growe fo neere our own homes in ne- ucr fo great quantitie. Ofcaptaine zAndreas Doreas his JVoundwoort. Chap. 99 . ft The description. T His plant hath long thicke and flatleaues, fharpe pointed, of a blewiftfgreene like vnto Woade, which being broken with the hands hath a pre tie fpiciefmell. Among thefe leaues rifethvp a ftalkeof the height of a tall man, diuided at the top into many other branches, wherupon growe ftnall yellowifh flowers, which turne into downe that flieth away with the winde. The roote is thicke almoft like Helleborm albus. Ofw^aich kinde there is another like the former.but that the leaues are rougher, fomwhat blunt¬ ly indented at the edges,and not fo fat and groffe. Her ha THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 35 ° Her ha. Doria L’Obelij. Doreas Woundwoort. '22 The place. Thefe plants growe naturally about the bor¬ ders or brinkes of riuers neere to Narbone in Fraunce, from whence they were brought into England, and are content to be made denizons in my garden, where they flourifh to the height aforefaide. A The time. They flowered in my garden about the twelfth oflune. A The nature. The rootes are fweete in fmcll, and hot in the third degree. A The vertues. Two drammes of the rootes of Herba Doria boiled in wine and giuen to drinke,draweth down waterifh humors,andprouoketh vrine. The fame is with good fucceflevfed in medi¬ cines that expellpoifbn. Of FefaoortjOrHaldmoney. Cbap.ioo. A The kindes. T Here be diners forts of Gentians or Felwoorts,whereoffomebeofourowne countrey; others more ftrange and brought further off; and alfo fome not before this time remembred; either of the auncient or later writers,as fhall be let foorth in this prelent chapter. 'A'The defeription. 1 He firft kinde of Felwoort hath great large leaues, not vnlike to thofe of Plantaine, very well refembling the leaues ofthe white Hellebore: among which rifethvp a round hollow ftalke as thicke as a mans thombe, full of ioints or knees like the Portingale dead nettle, euery iointorknot let rounde about with (mail yellowe ftarlike flowers, like a coronet or garlande: at the bottotne of the plant next the grounde the leaues do fpread themfelues abroade, embracing or clipping the ftalke in that place rounde about, let togither by couples one oppolite againft an other. The feede is (mail, browne, flag and finooth like the feedes of the ftocke Gilloflower. The roote is a finger thicke. The whole plant is of a bitter tafle. 2 Carolui Clufius fetteth foorth an other fort of great Gentian ,rifing foorth of the grounde with a ftiffe,firme or folide ftalke, fet with leaues like Afclepiaty by couples one oppolite againft ano¬ ther cuen from the bottome to the top in certaipediftances : from the bolome of the leaues there fhoote foorth fet vpon (lender footeftalkes certaine long hollow flowers like bels, the mouth wher- ofendeth in fine fharpecorncrs.The whole flower changeth many times his colour according to the loile and clymate; now and then purple or blew, fometimes whitifh,and often of the colour of allies. The roote and (cede is like the precedent. I Gentianx HIST OR IE QF PLANTS. 35 j I QiHtUnam.iior. Great Fclwoort* 2 Gent km maior i). ClufiL Purple flowred Felwoort, sQtV 3 Gent Una minor Cruckta. Croflewoort Gentian. 4 Gentian a Tennei minor. Spotted Gentian of D Penniel 352 THE SECOND BOOTEDTTHE 3 Croflewoort Gentian hath many ribbedleaues fpred tpon the ground, like vnto.the leaues of Sope woort,blit of a blacker greene colour: among which rifevpweake iointed ftalkes trailing or leaning towarde the grounde. The flowers grovve at the topinbundelsthickethrufttogither, like thole of fvveete Williams, of alight blew colour. Therooteis thicke,and creepeth in the grounde farre abroade,whereby it greatly increaleth. 4 Carolus Cluftus hath let foorth in his Pannonicke hiftorie a kinde of Gentian, which he receiued from mailer Thomas Pennie of London, do&or in Philicke of famous memorie, and a lecond Diof cor ides for his lingular knowledge in Plants: which Taber Montanus hath let foorth in his Dutch bookeforthefeuenthof Cluftus: wherein he greatly deceiued himfelfe, and hath with a falfede- feription wronged others. The 12. fort or kinde of Gentian after Cluftus^ hath a rounde ftiffe ftalke, firrae and folide, lome- what reddifh at the bottom, iointed or kneed like vnto Croflewoort Gentian.The leaues are broad, fmooth, full of ribs or linewes ,fet about the ftalkes by couples, one oppofite againft another. The flowers growc vpon Irnall tender ftaIkes,compa& of flue llender blewifh leaues, (potted very curi- oiilly with many blacke Ipots and little lines; hailing in the middle flue yellowechiues. The leede is Irnall like fande: the roote is little,garnifhed with a fewe firings of a yellowifh colour. ’‘icThc place. Gentian groweth in lhadowie woods,and the mountains of Italic, Slauonia, Germany, Fraunce, andBurgundie; from whence mailer Jjaac de Laune alearnedphifition, lent me plants for the en- creale of my garden. Croflewoort Gentian groweth in a pafture at the weft ende of little Rayne in Eflex, on the north fide of the waie leading fram Braintrie to much Dunmow ; and in the horfe way bythefameclofe. it The time. They flower and flourifh in Auguft,and the feede is ripe in September. ' 'it The names. < GentiusVm g of Illyria was the firft founder of th is herbe,and the firft that vfed it in medicine, for which caufe it was called Gentian after his owne name: in Greeke )«»»which name alio the apo¬ thecaries retaine vnto this daie,and call it Gentiana : it is named in Englifh Felwoert Gentian; Bit- terwoort,Baldmoyne,andBaldmoney. it The temperature. The roqte of Felwoort is hot, as Diofcorides faith, clenlingor Icouring, diuers copies haue, that it is likewife bin ding,and of a bitter tafte. it Thevertues. It is excellent good, as Galen faith,when there is needc of attenuating,purging, clenling, and re- moouing of obftrudtions,which qualitie it taketh of his extreme bitternefle. B It is reported to be good for thofe that are troubled with crampes and conuullions, for fuch as are burft,or haue fallen from lome high place; for liich as haue euill liuers and bad ftomackes. It is put into counterpoilbns,as into the compofition named TheriacadiateJJaron : which AEttm calleth (JWyFleriim , a miftcrie or hid lecret. C This is of fuch force and vertue, faith Plinie, that it helpeth cattle which arc not onely troubled with the cough,biit are alio broken winded. D The roote of Gentian giuen in powder the quantitie of a dram, with a little pepper and herbe Grace mixed therewith,is profitable for them that are bitten or ftung with any maner of venemous beaft or madde Dogge: or for any that hath taken poifon. E The decodtion drunke is good againft the Hoppings of the liuer and ftomacke, helpeth digeftion, difloluethandfcattereth congealed bloud; and is good againft all colde difeales of the inwarde parts. Of Englifh Fclvpoort . Q° a ? • 1OI * it The defeription. Ollovve leafed Felwoort or Englifh Gentian,hath many long tough rootes,difperfed hither and thither within the vpper cruft of the earth} from which immediately rifeth a fat thicke ftalke jiointed or kneed by certaine diftances, fet at euery knot with one leafe,and fometimes mo .keeping no certaine number: which leaues do at the firft inclofe the ftalkes round about, being one HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ;<? one whole and entire leafe without any incifure at all, as it were a hollowe trunke; which after it is mowen to his fiilncfle, breaketh in one fide or other, and becommeth a flat ribbed ieafe, like vnto the great Gentian or Piantaine. The flowers come foorth of the bofbme of the vpper leaucs, fee vpon tender footc ftalkes, in fhape like thofe of the finall Bindweedc,or rather the flowers of Sope- woortjofa whitifh colour, wafht about the brims with a little light carnation. Then followcth the fccde,wh:ch as yet I haue not obferued. Gent Una. concaua. Hollow Felwoort. k The place. I found this ftrange kinde of Gentian in a fmall grouc of wood called the Spinnie, neerc vnto a finall village in Northampton fhire called Lichbarrow: ehewhere I haue not heard of it. k The time. Itfpringeth foorth of the ground in Aprill, and bringeth foorth his flowers and feede in theendofAuguft. k The names. I haue thought good to giue vnto this plant, in Englifh the name Gentian,being doubtlefife a kinde thereof. The which hath not beene let foorth, nor rememhred by any that hath writ¬ ten of plants vntill this time. In Latine we may call it Gentixnaconce.ua , of the hollow leaues: it may be called alfo Hollow leafed Felwoort. k The temperature and ve? tues. Of the faculties of this plant, as yet I can fay nothing, referring it vnto the other Gentians, vntill time fhall difclofe that, which yetis fie- crete and vnknowen. Of c Baftard Feboort. Cbap.ioz. k The description. 1 *tt' He Baftard Felwoort hath many finall tender branches,fet with many little leaues at euery iointby couples like thofe of the finall Centorie. At the top of the (talks do grow hollow flowers,bell fafhion, of an excellent faire blew colour, like vnto thofe flowers which Dodo- new callcth Viola Calathianx. The feede is blacke, and very fmall. The roote is very little, and lome firings thereto faflened. 2 The fccond kind hath many little ribbed leaues, like thofe of the finall Piantaine; among which rifeth vp a tender flalk fet with fiich leaues by couples, as thofe were that did grow next the ground. The flowers grow at the top of theflalkcs, compact of fiue little leaues, of a perfc6t blew colour. The roote is fmall and tender. 2T r i GentianelU 354 THE SECONDE BOOKE OF THE i Gentiandh Alpina xi.Clusij. Baftard Felwoort. 2 Gentianella Alpina verna. Alpes Felwoort of the fpring time. k The place. The hrft of thefe wilde Gentians doth grovve vpon the mountaines of Heluctia, and of Germa¬ nic,but are (dangers as yet in England. Theieeondgroweth plentifully in Waterdovvne foreftin Sudex, in the way that leadeth from CharlevvoodeslodgevntoahoufeoftheLordof Abergiuenie^ called Eridgehoufe, by abrooke fide there,efpecially vpon a heath by Colbrooke neere London; on theplaine of Salisburie, harde by the turning from the faide plainc vnto the right honorable the Lorde of Pembrookes houle at Wilton, and vpon achalkie bankc in the high waie betweene Saint Albons and Goramberrie. it The time. They dower and flourifh from Auguft to the ende ofO&ober. it The names. Their is as much faide in the title touching their names, as is extant in writing, afwcll in Englifh as Latine. k T he temperature and vert ties. There faculties in working arc referred vnto the other Gentians, although they be ofleflc force and bitterneffe. Of Calatbian Violet > or Autumne bell flower. Chap a 03. k The defeript ion. A Mongthenumberofthebafe Gentians there is a (mail plant, which is rate before it com- meth vp, hailing (talks a ([ran high,and (ometimes higher,narrowe leaucs like vnto Time, fee by couples about thedalkes bycertainediftances: long hollowe dowers growingat the top of the ftaikes, like a cup called a Beaker, wide at the lop, and narrower towarde the bottome, of a deepcblcwe colour tending to purple, with certaine white threds orchiucs in the bottome; the dower at the mouth or brim is due cornered before it be opened, but when it is opened ft ap- peereth with due elides or plcates. The whole plant is of a bitter tade, which plainly (heweth it to be akindeofwilde Gentian. Theroote isdnall, andperifheth when it hath perfected his feede, and recouereth it felfe by falling of the fame Tneumonanthe. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 35S Pneumonanthe. Calathian Violet. ft Theplace. It is foundc fometimes in meadowes, often¬ times in vntilled places. It groweth vpon Long- fielde downesinKent, neerevnto a village cal¬ led Longfielde by Grauefende;vpon thechalkie cliifes neere Greene-Hythe&CobhaminKenr, and many other places. It likewife groweth as you ride from Sugar loafe hill vnto Bathe, in the weft countrey. ft The time. The gallant flovyers heereof be in their braue- rie about the end of Auguft, and in September* ft The names. There is great ambiguirie in the words of pli - me and Ruetlius^ hich I do not intende to repeat, bicaufe they do rather confounde the memorie, then bring any profite to the Reader. They com¬ pare the yellow Marigold, with the blew orazu- red Calathian Violet, which are no more like, then things that are moft vnlike. Notwithftan- ding,for the better fatisfying ofthe curious Rea- der,I fhall deliuer vnto you the wordes of Ruelli- us. Calathian Violet is the gift of Autumne: the otherVioletsareof thefpring:it hath, faith he, (and that truely) a little leafe,not vnlike to that of the fmall ftocke gilloflower altogither /without Imell. The flower is like a little bell cuppe, grow¬ ing onely in Autumne, offo beautifull a colour, that it pafteth the very blewe it felfe. By which words we may gather, it can be no kinde of yellowe Marigoldeas P//>?ywouldehaue it. It is called Viola Autumnalis^ or Autumne Violet, andfeemeth to be the fame that Valerius Cordus doth call Pneumonanthe, which he faith is named in the Germain toong LtUtgCtt hlUtRCltjor Lungflower: in Englifh Autumne bell flowers,Calathian violets, and offome Harueftbels. ft The temperature. This wilde Felwoort or Violet,is in temperature hot,fomewhat like in facultie to Gentian,wher- ofit isakinde,but farre weaker in operation. ftlhevertues. The latter Phifitions hold it to beeffe&uallagainft peftilent difeafes, andthebitings andfting- A ings of venemous beafts. Of Verms Lookingglajje. Chap.10^. ft The defeription. B Efidesthe former Bell-flowers, there is like wife a certaine other, which is low and little 5 the ftalks whereof are tender, two 1'pans long,diuided into many branches moft commonly lying v pon the ground. The leaues about the ftalkes are little,flightly nicked-in the edges. The flow¬ ers are very finall, of a bright purple colour tending blewnefie very beautifull, with wide mouthes like brode bels, ha.uing a white chiue or thred in the middle. The flowers in the day time are wide open, and about the fetting of the funne are fhut vp and doled faft togither, in fine corners, as they are before their firft opening,and as the other Bell flowers are. The rootes be very flender, and pe« rifh when they haue perfected their feed. I 2 Speculum 35 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Speculum Vcnerii. Venus Looking glaflc. Of 3 \(eejing rootejr I Hellebor us alb us. White Hellebor. le The place. It groweth in ploughed fields among the corne in a plentifull and fruitfull foile. I found it in a field among the come by Greenehithe, as I went from thence toward Dartford in Kent, & in many other places therabout,but not eliewhere: from whence I brought of the feedes for my garden, where they come vp of themfelues from yeere to yeere by fal¬ ling of the feede. & The time. It flowreth in lune and Iuly, and the feed is ripe in the end of Auguft. 1 ; The names. It is called Campana Aruenfis , and of fome Ono- brychis , but vnproperly: of other Cariophyllusfege- tum , or Corne Gilloflower, or Corne pinke, and Speculum Veneris pi Ladies glafle.Tfie Brabanders in their toongcall it ^ptCgeL The temperature and vertues. We haue not found any thing written either of his vertue or temperature , of the ancient oriater writers* $\(eefemort. fbap. 105. 2 Hellebor us albuspr acosC. Timely white Hellebor. 3 57 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft 7 he defeription. 1 *"T W Hefuftkindeof white Helleborhath leaues like vnto grear Gentian,but much broader, I and not vnlike the leaues of the great Plantaine,folded into pleates like a garment pleated tobclaidevp in acheft; among thefe leaues rifeth vpathlke cubite long,fet towardes the top Full oflittle ftarlike flowers,ofan herbie greene colour tending to whitenefle; which being pad there come fmall huskes containing the feede. The roote is great and thicke, with many final! threds hanging thereat. 2 The fecond kinde is very like the firft,and differeth in that, that this hath black reddifh flowers, and commeth to flowring before the other kinde,and feldome in my garden commeth to feeding. ft The place. The white Hellebor groweth on the Alpes, and fuch like mountaines where Gentian doth grow. It was reported vnto me by the Bifhop of Norwich, that white Hellebor groweth in a wood of his owne necre to his houfe at Norwich. Some fay likewife that it doth growe vpon the mountaines of Wales; I fpeake this vpon report, yeti rhinkenot, but that it may be true. Howbeit Idare allure yoiijthat they grow in my garden at London,where the firft kinde flowreth and feedetli very well. ft The time. The firft flowreth in Iune,and the fecond in May. ft 7 he names, Ncefevvoort is called in Greeke \<lx.oe. inLatine Feratrum album, Hellebor us albus^ and Sanguis Herculeus . The Germans call it OTctf£ HtCfjUSUtt: the Dutch men : the Itali¬ ans Elleborobianco: theSpaniardes Ferde gambre bianco: the French Edebore blanche: and we of England call it white Hellebor,Niefwoort, Lingwo'ort, and the roote Neefing powder. ft The temperature. The roote ofwhite Hellebor, is hot and drie in the thirde degree. ft Thevcrtues. The roote ofwhite Hellebor procureth vomite mightely, wherein confifteth his chiefe vertue, and by that meancs voideth all fuperfluous (lime and naughtie humours. It is good againft the fal¬ ling ficknes,phrenfies,fciatica, dropfies, poifon,and againft allcoldedifeafesthatbeofhard cura- tion,and will notyeeld to any gentle medicine. This ftrong medicine made of white Hellebor, ought notrobegiuen inwardly vnto delicate B bodies without great corre£bon,but it mav more fafely be giuen vnto countrie people which feede grofleIy,and haue hard,tough,and ftrong bodies. Therooteof Hellebor cut in fmall peeces,fuch as may aptly and conueniently be conueied into Q the Fiftulaes doth mundifiethem, Saaketh away the callous matter which hindereth thecuration, and afterward may be healed vp with fbme incarnatiue vnguent,fit for the purpofe. The powder drawen vp into the nofe caufeth fneefing, and purgeth the braine from grofle and D flimie humours. The roote giuen to drinkein the waight of two pence, taketh awaie the fits of agues, killeth £ mice and rattes being made vp with home and flower of wheate: Vlinie addeth that it is a medicine againft the Lowfte euill. Of wilde white Hellebor . fhap . i o 6. ft The defer ipt ion. 4 i T_J EUeborine is like vnto white Hellebore, and for thatcaufewe haue giuen it the name of **• Hellebor ine: it hath a ftraight ftalke of a foote high, fet from the bottome to the tuft of flowers,with faire leaues,ribbed and chamfered like thofeof white Hellebor, of a darke greene co- lour.The flowers be orderly placed from the middle to the toppe of the ftalke, hollowe within, and white of colour,ftraked heere and there with a dafh of purple, in fhape like the flowers of Sadrion. The feede is fmall like duft or motes in thefunne. The roote is fmall, full of iuice, and bitter in tafte. ’ a The fcconde is like vn:o the firft, but akogither greater, and the flowers white, without any mixture at all, wherein confifteth the difference. Z 3 i Hellebor im THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE l Helleborine . Wilde white Hellebor* 3 Helleborine angujlifolia 5. Clufei . Narrow leafed wilde Neefewoort. 2 Helleborine {lore albo. Wilde Neefewoorc with white flowers. ie The defeription. v 3 The thirdc kinde of Helleborine. being the fift af¬ ter Clufeus account, hathleaues like the firftdefcri- bcd3b1.it (mailer and narrower. The ftalke rilcth vp to the height of two (pans 5 at the top whereof growe faire fhining purple coloured flowers, confiding of fixe little leaues , within or among which lieth hid, things like fmall helmets. The plant in proportion is like the other of his kinde. The roote is (mall and crcepeth in the ground. 7 he pUce. They befoundeindankifh andfhadowieplaces: the firft was found growing in the woods by Digges well pafturcs, halfe a mile from Welwen in Hart- fordfhire-’ it groweth in awoode fiue miles from London, neere vnto a Bridge called Lockbridge: by Nottingham neere toRobinhoode his well, where my friend mafter Steuen Bredxcell a learned phifition founde the fame.' in the woods by Dunmowein Eft (ex: by Southfleete in Kent 5 in a little groue ofluni- per,and in a woode by Clare in Eftex. it The time. They flower in Maie and Iune, andperfed their feedein Auguft. The names. Thclikcneflc that it hath with white Hellebor, doth 7 HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 359 doth fhewe it may not vnproperly be named Helleborine, or wilde white Hellebor, which is alio cal¬ led of Diofcor ides and Eltme hn^Kfi \s, or Epipaclis ; but from whence that name came it is not appa¬ rent^ is alfo named it The temperature. They are thought to be hot and drie of nature. itThevertues. The faculties of thefe wilde Hellcbors arc referred vn to the white Neefcwoort, whereof they A arekindes. Itisreported,thatthedcco< 5 lionof wilde Hcllebor drunken, opencth the (loppings of the liner, B or helpetli any imperfe&ions of the fame. Of our Ladies Slipper . Chap. 107. Calceolus LftlarU. O ur Ladie s Slipper. it The dejeription. Vr Ladies Shooe or Slipper, hath a thicke knobbed rootc, with certaine markes or notes vpon the fame, fuch as the rootes of SaJamons Seale haue, but much lefler, creeping within the vpper cruft of the ground; from which rifcthvpaftiffe and hairie ftalkc a footehigh, fet by certaine {paces, with faire broad Icaucs, ribbed with the like finewes or ncrues, as thofe of the Plantaine. At the top of the (hike growethone (ingle flower, feldome two, fafhioned on the one fide like an egge; on the other fide it is open,emp- tie,and hollow, and of the forme of a fhoo or flip¬ per,whereof it tooke his name: of a yellow colour on theoutfide, and of a ihining deepe yellow on the infide. The middle part is compared about with fower leaues,of a bright purple colour, often ofa light red, orobfeure crimfon, andfometimes yellow as is the middle part, which in fhapeislike an egge,as aforefaid. ■ it. The place. Ladies Slipper groweth vpon the mountaines of Germanie,Hungarie,and Poland. I haue a plant thereof in my garden, which I received from Ma¬ iler Garret Apothecarie my very good friend. j. if The time. Itflowrethaboutthemiddeiboflune. . it The names. It is commonly called Calceolus D Mari.epmd Mari amts : of fome Calceolus Sacerdotis • of fome iMlifma but vnproperly : in Englifh our Ladies fhoo or Slipper : in the Germaine toong pLUiitt fcocn X and of fome Damafomum nothum. it T he temperature and vert ties. Touching the faculties of our Ladies fhoo, wee haue nothing to write, being not diffidently knowne to the old writers,no nor to the new. OfSopewoort. Chap. 108. it The dejeription. He (hikes of Sopewoortareflipperie, (lender, round, iointed, acubitehighor higher: the Ieaues be broad fet with vaines, very like broad leafed Plantaine, butvetlefier, (landing out pfeueryiointby couples for the mod part, and dpccially thofe that are the neerelb to the Z 4 rootes s 6 o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE rootes bowing backwardes. The Bowers in the top of the Balks,and about the vppcrmoB iftints are many, well fmelling, fometimes of a beautifull red colour like a Rofe,otherwhile of a light purple or white,which growe out oflong cups, conliBing of hue leaues: in the middle of which are certaine little threds. The rootes are thicke, long, creeping aflope, hauing certaine Brings hanging out of them,like to the rootes of blacke Hellebor. And if they haue once taken good & fure rooti ng in any ground,it is impoflible to deftroy them. & ' Saponaria.Sopcwoort or Brufewoort. ^ The place. It is planted in gardens for the flowers fake,to the decking vp of houles, for the which purpole it chief¬ ly ferueth. It groweth wilde of it lelfe neere to riuers and running brookes in liinnie places. it The time. It flowreth in Iune and Iuly. it The names. It is commonly called Saponaria 3 of the great fcou- ringqualitie that the leaues haue. For they yeeldc out of themfelues a certaine iuice when they are brufed, which fcowreth almoft as well asSope; al¬ though Ruellius defcribc a certaine other Sopewort. Of fome it is called K^4ltfma 3 or Damafonium : of others Saponaria Gentiana , whereof doubtlefle itis a kinder inEnglifh it is called Sopewoort, and of fome Brufewoort. it 7he temperature and vertues. It is hot and drie,and not a little fcowring withal, hauing no vie in phificke let downe by any author of credit. Of Arfmart,or water \ Tepper . (fbap. 109. it The defeription. 1 A Rfmartbringethfoorth Balks a cubite high,round,fmooth,iointed or kneed, deuidingthem- Jr\ lelues into many braunches: whereon grow leaues like thole of the Peach tree,or of the fal¬ low tree. The flowers growe in cluflers vpon long flems, out of the bolome of the braun¬ ches and leaues,and like wife vpon the Balkes themfelues, of a white colour tending to a bright pur¬ ple .* after which commeth foorth little feeds lomewhat broade,ofa reddifh yellowe, and fomtimes bIackifh,of a fharpe and biting taBe, as is all the reB of the plant, and like vnto Pepper, whereof it tooke his name; yet hath it no Anell at all. 2 Dead Arfmart is like vnto the precedent in Balks, cluflering flowers,rootes, and leede,and dif- ferethinthat, that this plant hath certaine Ipots or markes vpon the leaues, in fafhion of ahalfe moone,of the colour of lead. The roote is Bnall and threddie: the whole plant hath no fharpe or bi¬ ting taBe as the other hath,but as it were a little lower fmacke vpon the toong. The roote is like- wife full of Brings or threds. 3 There is ( faith Tobelius ) a kindeof Per pearia growing in Germanie and Sauoy, which I haue named Nolime tangerep ouch me not: the reafbn of the name is, faith he, bicaufe it hath the forme ofMercurie,thc feede of Ralpmina, and the purple flowers of Larks heele; all which are mofl whol- lome herbes both for meate and medicine: and contrariwile this plant caryingthe face of whol- lome herbes, is mofl venemous and deadly. Therefore,faith he,take this note by the way, T{oli me tangere, touch me not, that is,haue Ipecial regard, that in gathering of thele wholfomeherbes, this peflilent herbe be auoided. I Hydropiper. HISTORIE I Hydropiper• Arfmart. OF PLANTS. 361 2 Per fearia rnaculofa. Dead Arfmart. V: The place. They gowe very common almoft euery where in moift and waterifh plafhes, and neere to the brims of riuers,ditches, and running brookes. it The time. They flower from the beginning of Iune to the ende of Auguft. The names. Arfmart is called in Greeke : of the Latines Hydropiper, or Piper aquaticum^oc Aqua- tile , or water Pepper: in high Dutch uOafift'U Pfeffet : in lowe Dutch peper: in French Cur age ^ orCulrage: in Spanish P me nta aquattca: inEnglifh Water Pepper, Culrage, and Arfmart, according to his operation and effed,whenitis vied in thofe parts. Dead Arfmart is called Pcrficaria, orPeach- woort, of the likenefle that the leaues haue with thofe of the Peach tree. It hath beene called Plumbago of the leaden coloured markes which are feene vpon the leaues: but plinie would haue it called Plumbago, not of the colour, but rather of the effed, byreafon thatithelpeth the infir- mitie of the eies called Plumbum: yet there is an other Plumbago o{Plinies defeription, as fhall be Shewed $6z THE SECOND < B O O K E OF THE fhewed in his proper place: inEilglifh wemaycallitPeachwoort 3 and dead Arfmart, bicaufo it doth not bite thofe places as the other doth. 'The temper Attire. Arfmart is hot and drie: yet not fo hot as Pepper, according to Galen* Dead Arfmart,is of temperature colde and fomthing drie. it The vertues. Theleauesandfeedeof Arfmart do wafte and confiime all colde fwcllings 3 diffolue andfcat- ter congealed bloud that commcth of brufings or flripes. The famebrufed and bound vpon an impoftume in the iointsof the fingers (called among the vulgare fort a fellon or vncome)for the fpace of an hower, taketh away the paine: but faith the au- thor 3 it muft be firft buried vnder a ftone before it be applied; which doth fomevvhat difcredite the medicine. The leaues rubbed vpon a tyred iadesbacke, and a goodhandfullortwolaidevnderthefaddle, and the fame let on againe 3 woonderfully cefefhcth the weariedhorfe 3 and caufethhim totrauell much the better. It is reported that dead Arfmart is good againft inflammations and hot fivcllings, being ap¬ plied in the beginning,and for greene woounds if it be ftamped and boiled with oile oliue 3 waxe and turpentine. OfTi ell flowers. Cbap.no. # The kindest T Herebe diuefs forts of Bell flowers 3 whereof the greateft number of them when they be bro¬ ken or brufod do yeeld a milkie iuice: fome likewife be great, others final!; differing very nota- blie afwellin colour of flowers, asinfhape and proportion: which fhall be deuided into iundrie chapters 3 according to the neerneffe ofthem in kinred and neighbourhood: and firft we wil deferibe Couentrie bels 3 called Viola mariana . 1 Viola ^Mariana. Blew Couentrie bels. 2 Viola Mari an a florealbo. White Couentrie bels. HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS, 3^3 ft 7 he defeription. , ! Oucntrie bels hath broadc leaues,rough and hairie, not vnlike to thofe of the garden Bu¬ ll glofie,ofa fwartgreene colour .-among which do rife ftiffe hairie ftalkes, the fecond yecre after the fowing of the feede,which ftalke deuideth it felfe into fundrie braunches, where¬ upon doe grovve many faire and pleafant Bell flowers,long, hollowe, and cut on the brim with flue Height gafhes,ending in flue corners toward night when the flower fhutteth it felfe vp, as do the moft of the Bell flowers: in the middle of the flowers be three or fower whitifh chines,as alfc> much' downy haire,fuch as is in the eares of a dogge or fuch like beaft.Thc whole flower is of a blew purple colour, which being paft,there fucceede great fquare or cornered feede veftels , deuideden the in- fide into diners cels, or chambers, wherein doe lie fcatteringly many fmall browne flat feeds. The roote is long and great like a parfnep,garnifhed with many threddie firings,which periiheth when it hath perreded his feede, which is inthefecondc yeere after his fowing, and rccouerethit felfe againe by the falling of the feede. 2 The fecond agreeth with the firft in each rcfped,as well in leaues,flalks,as rootesj and differeth in that,that this plant bringeth foorth milke white flowcrs,and the other not fo. ft The place. They growe in woods,mountaines and darke vallies, and vnder hedges among the bufhes, efjoc- cially about Coucntrie, where they growe very plentifully abroad in the fieldes, and arc there cal¬ led Couentrie bels; and of fome about London Canterbury bels,but vnproperly; for that there is another kinde of Bell flower growing in Kent about Canterbury, which may more fitly be called Canterburie bels,bicaufe they growe there more plentifully than in any other counrrie.Thefe plea¬ fant Bel flowers we haue in our London gardens,efpecially for the beauty of their flowers 3 although they be kindes ofRampions,and the rootes eaten as Rampions are. ft The time. They flower in Iune, Iuly, and Auguft, the feed waxeth ripe in the meane time; for thefe plants do not brin g foorth their flowers all at once,but by parcels; for when one flowreth,another feedeth, aad both vpon one branch. ft The namee. Couentrie bels are called in Latine Viola Mariana^ or Mercuries violets, and Couentrie Rapes, and of fome Mariettes. It hath been taken to be Medion,but vnproperly .Of fome it is called Rapwn fylueHrey which the Grecians call^w^a Hyu*. ft The temperature and verities. The roote is colde and fomevvhat binding, and not vfed in phificke, but efleemed for one of the fallet rooteSjboiled and cat en with oi!e,vineger and pepper. Of Throtewpoort,or Canterbury C Bels. Q oa P * 11 ° * ft The defeription. 1 He firft of the Canterburie bels hath rough and hairie brittle flalks,crefled into a certaine I fquareneffe, diuidingthemfeluesinto diuers branches, whereupon do growe very rough fharpe pointed leaues, cut about the edges like the teeth of a fawe, and fo like the leaues of nettles, that it is hard to knowe the one from the other, but by touching them. The flowers are hollow, hairie within, and ofaperfed blew colour, bell fafihion, not vnlike to the Couentrie bels* The roote is white,thicke and long lafling. 2 The white Canterburie bels are fo like the precedent,that it is not poflible to diflinguifh them, but by the colour of the flowers; which of this plant is a milke white colour, & of the other a blew, which fetteth foorth the difference. 3 The thirde fort of Canterburie Bels, called Iikcwife Throtewoortc,of his vertue in curing the difeafes of the throte,hath long Ieaties,fharpe pointed,flightly indented about the edges.The flalks are round and hairie, diuiding themfelues into fundrie braunches, eucn from the bottome to the top,whereupon do grow pleafant, flowers fafhioned like BeIs,of a faint purple colour. The roote & feedcs are like vnto the great Canterburie Bels. 4 The fmall Canterburie Bels,hath very rough leaues,fomwhat cut about the edges. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalke bellfafhion,of a pleafant azure blewe eolour.The roote is like the pre¬ cedent,but altogitherfinaller,which is the true and right Calathian Violet. I Tr ache litem 364 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 Tv ache Hum maim. Blew Canterburie bels. 2 Tra chelium maimflore albo . White Canterburie bels. 3 T y ache liwn maim Bdgarum Label if* Dutch Throtewoort. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. S <5j 5 Trachelium Ctgantcwn, 6 Viola Cdlathiana. Giants Throtcwoorc. The true Calathian Violet. • & Thedefeription. 5 Giants Throtevvoort hath very large leaues of an ouerworne greene colour, hollowed in the middle like the Molcouites (poone, and very rough, (lightly indented about the edges. The (falke is two cubites high, whereon thole leaues are fet from the bottome to the top j from the bofome of each Ieafe commeth foorth one (lender footeftalke, whereon doth growe a faire flower fafhioned like a bell, of a whitifh colour tending to purple. The pointed corners of each flower turne them- felues backc like a fcroule,or the Dalmatian cap; in the middle whereof commeth foorth a flharpe (file or clapper of a yellow colour.The roote is thicke,with certaine (brings annexed thereto. 6 The fmaller kinde of Throtewoort of my owne defeription hath ftalkes and leaues very like vn- to the great Throtevvoort, butaltogitherleffer: from the bofome of which leaues fhoote foorth very beautifull flowers bell fafhion,of a bright purple colour, with a fmallpeflell or clapper in the middle,and in other relpedts is like the precedent. •ft The place. The three firftclelcribed do growe very plentifully in the lowe woods and hedgerowesof Kent, about Canteiburie,Sittingborne 7 Grauefend,Southfleete, and Greenehyth, elpecially vnder Cob- ham parke pale in the way leading from Southflecte toRochefler, at Eltham about the parke there not farre from Greenwich j in mod of the paftures about Watford and Bufhey,fifteene miles from London. The fourth groweth in the medowe next vnto Ditton ferrie as you go to Windfore, vpotl the ch alkie hils about Greenehyth in Kent; and in a fielde by the high waie as you go from thence to Dartforde; in Hennyngham parke in Eflex; and in Sion medowe neere vnto Branforde,eighr miles from London. ii The gf>6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The time. All the kindes of Bell flowers do flower and fiourifhfrom Maie vnto the beginning of Auguft, exceptthe laft which is the'plant that hath beene taken generally for the Calathian violet, which fiowreth in the latter end of September; notwithftanding the Calathian violet or Autumne vio¬ let is of a moft bright and pleafant blewe or azure colour , as thofe are of this kinde, although this plant hath changed his colour from blewe to whiteneffe by fome one accident or other. ieThe names. Throtewoorte is called in Latine Ceruicaria , and Ceruieariamaior: in Greeke of moft Vuularia: of Fuchfm Campanula: in Dutch JpalfCtUpU inEnglifh Canterbury beIs,Haskewoort, Throtewoort or Vuula woort, of the vertue it hath againft the paine and (welling thereof. The greateft fort which I haue fet foorth not before defcribed, fhal reft and content it felfe with the name fet downe in the title vntil fome fecond writer fhall adde thereto,or elfe referre it to a fur¬ ther confideration. is The temperature. Thefe plants are colde and drie as are moft of the Bell flowers. islhevertues. A Theophrafus and Pliny haue not fet downe any thing concerning the vertues of thefe Bel flowers: notwithftanding we haue founde in the later writers as al(o of our owne experience: that they are excellent good againft the inflammation of the throtc& Vuulaor almonds 3 & all maner of cankers and vicerations in the mouth, if the mouth and throte be gargarized and wafhed with the deco&i- on heereof, and is of all other herbes the chiefe and principal! to be put into lotions, or wafhing wa¬ ters, to iniedt into the priuie parts of man or woman, boiled with honie, Allam 3 water, and feme white wine. Of Teach bels ? andSteeple bels. Cbap.ui. it Thekindes. L ike as there be fundrie forts of the greater Bell flowers, fo is there alfo many kindes of (mail Bell flowers 3 which differ in fuch notable maner, that they are cafie to be diftingiiifhed, as fhall be fliewed in the chapter following. it The defeription. I He Peach leafe Bell flower hath a great number offinall and long leaues, riling in a great I bufh out of the ground, like the leaues of the Peach tree; among which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high: alongft the ftalke growe many flowers like bels 3 fometime white, and for the moft part, of a faire blewe colour: but the bels are nothing fo deepe as they of the other kindes, and thefe alfo are more delated and fpred abroade then any of the reft. The feede is (mall like Ram- pions 3 and the roote a tuft of laces or (mail firings. 2 The fecond kind of Bell flower hath a great number of faire blewifh or watchet flowers,like the other laft before mentioned, growing vpon goodly tall ftems two cubits and a halfe high, which are garnifbed from the top of the plant vnto the ground, with leaues like Beetes, diforderly placed. This whole plant is exceeding full of milke 3 infomuch as if you do but breake one leafe of the plant, many drops of a milkie iuice will fall vpon the groundc. The roote is verie great and full of milke alfo; Iikewife the knops wherin the feede fhoulde be,are emptie and voide of feed,fb that the whole plant is altogithcr barren,and muft be increafed with flipping of his roote. 3 The (mailed Bell flower hath many round leaues, very like thofe of the common field Violet fpred vpon the ground; among which rife vpfmall (lender ftems 3 diforderly fet with many graflic narrow leaues like thofe of flaxe. Thefinallftcmis diuided at the top into fundrie little branches, whereon do grow pretie blew flowers bellfafhion.The roote is finall and threddie. 4 The yellow Bell flower is a very beautifull plant, of an handfull "high, bearing at the top of his weake and tender ftalkesmoft pleafant flowers bellfafhion; of a faire and blight yellow colour. The leaues and rootes are like the precedent,fauing that the leaues that grow next to the ground of this plant,are not fo round as the former. I Campanula HTSTORIE OF PLANTS. 36 I Campanula perficifolia . Peach leafed Bell flower. 3 Campanula rotundifolix . Round leafed Bell flower. 2 Campanula laclefcens pyramidalis. Srecple milkic Bell flower. 4 Campanula lutea linifolU, Yellow Bell flower. 3 68 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 C/vnpanulamtnor^ilha. Little white Bell flower. 6 Campanula minor>purpure*. Little purple Bell flower. 5 The little white Bel! flower is a-kinde of wilde Rampions, as is that which foIIoweth 3 and alfo thofe two lad before defcribcd. This fmall plant hath a (lender root, of the bignes of a fma'.l draw, with fome few firings annexed therto. The leaues arc fomvvhat Iong,fmocth 3 &of a perfed green colour,lying flat vpon the ground 5 from thence rife vp fmall tender dalkes, let here and there with a few leaues. The flowers growe at the top,of a miike white colour. 6 The other fmall Bell flower or wilde Rampion, diifereth not from the precedent, but onely in colour of the flowers: for as the others are white 3 thefe are of a bright purple colour, which fetteth foorth the difference. The place. The two firffc growe in our London gardens, and not wilde in England. The reft, except that (mail one with yellow flowers, do growe wilde in mod places of England, efpecially vpon barren landie heathes 3 and fuch like grounds. vV 7 he time. Thefe Bell flowers do flouxilh from Mav vnto Augud. */r The names. Their feuerall tides fet foorth their names in Engliihand Latine, which is as much as hath been (aid of them,. — # The temperature and vertues. Thefe Bell flowers, efpecially the fewer iaflmentioned, are cold and drie, and of the nature of Rapes, whereof they be kindcs. * ^ Of HI'S TOR IE OF PLANTS, . f # The deferzption, 1 > ■ a - * He great Rampion being one of the Bell flowers* hathleaues which appeerc or come I foorth at the beginningiomewhat large and broad, finooth and plaine, nor vniike to the leaues of the Beete. Among which rile vp ftems two cubits high, fet with fuch like leaues as thofc are of the firft fpringing vp,but fmaller, bearingat the top of the ftalk a great, thick, bufnie eare, full of little long flowers clofely thruft togither like a Foxe taile; which fiiiall flowers before their opening are like little crooked homes ;andt>eing wide opened,they arefmall blew bels,forne- times white,or fometimes purple.The roote is white,and as thicke as a mans thombe. 2 The fecond kinde being likewife one of the Bell flowcrs,and yet a wilde kinde of Rampion,hath leaues at his firft comming vp like vntothe garden Marigold, llie leaues that fpring vp afterward for the decking vp of the ftalke, are fomewhat longer and narrower. The flowers growe at the top offender and brittle {talks ,like vnto little bels, of a brightbiew colour, fometimes white,or purple. The roote is linall,long,and iomewhat thicke. 3 This is a wiidc Rampion that groweth in woods; ir hath (mail leaues fpred vpon the grounde, bluntly indented about the edges: among which rifeth vp a ftraight ftem, of the height of a cubite, fet from the bottome to the top, withlcnger and narrowerleaues thanthofe next the ground; at the top of the ftalkes growe fmall Bell flowcrs,of a watchet blewifh colour. The roote is thicke and ! tough,with fome few firings annexed thereto, o/rf i 3 RapuKCuUts 37 ° THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^ Rapuncttlus nemoyofw. Wood Rampions. A B k The place. Thcfirftis fowenand fetin gardens, efpecially bicaufe the rootes are eaten in fallads. The feconde groweth. in woods and fhadowie places 3 in fat and clayie foiles. k 7 he time. They flower in May 3 Iune and Iuly. k The names. Rampions are called offbme i^tlopecuros, of the eare or Ipike that is full of flowers, which are like ai- moft to tailes of foxes when they are bloomed: but Alopecuros or Foxetailc is altogither another herbe, which we haue defcribedin the hiftorieof graine; for which caufe this hath beene named of diuers Rapunculum ^Alopecuron, that it may differ from the true and right Alopecuros or Foxetaile. It is called in Englifh of all Rampions, or gardenRampions, and the other wilde Rampions. k 7 he temperature. The rootes of thefe are of a cold temperature, and fomething binding. k The vertues. The rootes are efpecially vfed in fallads, being boiled and eaten with oiIe,vineger,and pepper. Some affirme, that the decodtion of the rootes are good for all inflammations of the mouth, and almonds of the throte,and other difeafes happening in the mouth and throte, as the other Ihroteworts. Of JVdlflowers, or yellowfloc\e (jilloflowers . Chap . 113. k The kindes. O F Wall flowers there be two kindes, one with Angle flowers, the other with double, both which are comprehended vnder the title Viola , deriued of the Greeke worde lenai, which fignifieth to go, tobefoorthcomming ,orto comefoorth firft: they are alfb calledK«e«, with the pleafantnefle whereof many being delighted, haue giuenit a common name Lencoium , of the whitenefife of the flowers as fome haue deemed, but although Lciicosfispnfeih. white, it was notbicaufe the flowers of Violets, or ftockc Gilloflowers be white, being euident that thofe plants do differ in coIour,as much as any other plants do; but as I take it of the colour of the leaues,which arc for the moft part grayifh or afhe coloured. k The defeription. Heftalkesof the Wall flower are full of greene branches ; the leaues are long, nar¬ row,fmooth.flipperie,ofablackifh grecnc colour, and lefier than the leaues of ftockc Gilloflowers. The flowers are final!, yellow, very fweete of fmell, and made of fower little leaues; *-hich being paft, there fucceedelongiiender cods, in which is contai¬ ned long reddifh feede. The whole plant is fnrubbie, of a wooddie fubftance, and can eafily endure the cold of winter. 2 The double Wall flower hath long leaues greene and finooth, fetvpon ftiffe branches,of a wooddie fubftance: whereupon do growe moft pleafant fweete yellow flowers very double; which plant is fo wellknowen to ail,that itfhallbe needlefte to fpend much time about the defeription. 1 Viola historie of plants. J7 1 I Viola lutea. Wall flower. 2 Viola lute a. multiplex* Double Wall flower. & 'theplace. Thefirftgrowethvponbricke and ftonewals, in the corners of churches cuery where among rubbifh,and ocher ftonie places. The double Wallflower groweth in moft gardens of England: whereof wehaue another fore that bringeth his flowers open all at once, whereas the other doth flower by degrees, by meanes whereof it is long in flowring. the time. They flower for the moft part all theyeere long, butefpecially in winter, whereupon the people in Chefhire do call them Winter Gilloflowers. it the names. The Wall flower is called in Grccke in Latin e Viola lutea, and Leucoium luteum : in the Arabicke toong Keyri: in Spanifh Violettas Amarilhas ; in Dutch ultOltCtTn X in French Giroff lees iaulncs,Violiers des murailles: in Englifh VVali Gilloflower,Wall flower,Yellow ftocke Gilloflower, and Winter Gilloflower. *&the temperature. All the whole fhrub of Wall Gilloflower, as Galen faith, is of a clenfing facultie, and of thinne? partes. the vertues . Dio/corides writeth that the yellowe Wall flower is moft vfedin phificke, and more then the A iteft offtocke GiIloflowers,whereofthis is holden tobe akinde, which hath mooued metopreferre it vnto the firft place. He faith, that the iuice mixed with fome vn&ious or oilie thing, and boiled to the forme of a lyniment,helpeth the choppes or riftes of the fundament. The herbe boiled with white wine,home,and a little allom,doth cure hot vlcers, and cankers ofB the mouth. The leaues ftamped with a little baie falt,and bound about the wrefts of the hands, taketh awaie C the fhaking fits of the agewe. Of ^A a 3 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Stocke Gilloflorvers. fhap.uq.. # The kinds . V Nderthe name of ftockc Gilloflowers are comprehended many kindes of Violets, which differ efpecially in the colour of the flowers,and alfo fomewhat in the leaucs. Thefe may bee deuided into two kinds: the one which hath whiter and foftcr leaucs than the other, may be called white ftocke Gilloflower, of the colour of the leaues, and not of the flowers: and the other yellow ftocke Gilloflower, oftheyellowc colour of the flowers. Againe,of the white ftocke Gillo* fiowcr,there be alfo two forts,that is to faie,the great and the little: and of this kinde there be fomc with double flowers; fome oftheir flowers are of one colour,and fomc of another; likewife there is a degenerate or wilde kinde growing ncere the lea, which doc differ very much one from another, as well in colour of their flowers, as alfo in ftature and proportion, all which fhallbc diuided into feuerall chapters. I Leucoium album. White ftocke Gilloflower. 2 Leucoium furfur cum. Purple ftocke Gilloflower. & Thedefcriftion. He ftalke of the great ftockc Gilliflower is two foote high or higher, roundejand parted into diuers braunches. The leaues are long, white, foft, and hauingvpon them as it were a downe like vnto the leaues of Willowe, but fofter: the flowers confift of fower little leaues growing all along the vpper part of the branches, of a white colour, exceeding fweetc of fmell: in their places come vp long and nar- fowc cods,in which is contcined broad,flat, and round feede. The roote is of a woodic fuftaunce,as Is the ftalke alfo. The purple ftocke Gilloflower, is like the precedent in ech relpe«ft,fauing that the flowers of this plant HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 373 plant arc ofa pleafant purple colour, and the others white, which fetteth foorth the difference: of which kinde we haue fome that beare double flowers,which are of diuers colours, greatly efteemed for the beautie of their flowers ,and pleafant fweetc fmcll. 3 Leucoium violaceum. 4 LeucoiumJylueHre. Violet colour ftockc Gilloflower. Wilde ftockc Gilloflower. k The defeription. 3 This kinde offtocke Gilloflower that beareth flowers of thecolourofaviolet,thatistofaie, of a blewe tending to a purple colour, which fetteth foorth the difference betwixt this plant and the other ftocke Gilloflowersjin euerie other rcfpdt is like the precedent. 4 The wilde ftocke Gilloflower hath athickeand wooddie roote, with fome threddie firings faftened thereto: from which rifeth vp a ftiffe and brittle ftalke, garnifhed from the bottome to the tuft of flowers with long, fat and thickehoarieleaues. The flowers growe at the top of theftalkes, of a redifh colour .The feede is like the garden ftocke Gilloflower,but lefter. it The place. Thefc kindes of ftocke Gilloflowers do grow in moft gardens throughout England. The wilde ftocke Gilloflower doth growe vpon rockie andftonie mountaines. it The time. They flower in the beginning of the fpring,and continue flowring all the fommerlong. . icThenamcs. The Stocke Gilloflower is called in Greeke ’K&Voiov : in Latine Viola alba: in Italian Viola bianco.: inSpanifh violettaablanquas ; inEnglifhStocke Gilloflower, Garnfey Violet, andCaftleGillo¬ flower. it The temperature andvertues. They arc referred vnto the Wall flower, although in vertue much inferior, yet are they not vfed in phificke,except amongft certaine Empericks and Quackfaluers,about lone and luft matters,which for modeftie I omit, Aa 3 Ioachimm 374 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE g Iocichimm Camerarius reporteth,that a conferue made of the flowers of Stocke Gilloflower, and giuen with the diflilled water thereof, helpcth the Apoplexie andthcpalfie: whereof Plutarch fpea- kcth in his booke De amove fraternopulcherr. inter Echinopodas velut ajfccram, & inter ononin nafcun - tur pafsim mo Ilia Leuccia . Of Seaflocke (jiUoflowers . (f'bap.u^. # 7 he kindes. O F Stocke Gilloflowers that growe neerc vnto the tea, there be diuers forts, differing as well in leaues as flowers,which fhall be comprehended in this chapter following. i Lettcoium marimmflore Candida L‘ Oheiij. 2 Leucoium marinnmpnrpureum IC Oheiij. White Sea flocke Gilloflowers. Purple Sea flocke Gilloflowers. The description. He Sea flocke Gilloflower hath a fmall wooddie roote very threddicjfrom which rifeth vp an hoarie white flalke of two foote high, diuided into diuers fmall branches, whereon are placed confufedly many narrow leaues, of a foft hoarie fubflance. The flowers growe at the top of the branches, of a whitilh colour, made of fower little leaues; which being pafl, there follow long cods and feede,like vnto the garden flocke Gilloflower. 2 The purple flocke Gilloflower hath a very long tough roote, thrufling it felfe deepe into the ground; from which rife vp thicke,fat,foft,and hoarie flalkes. The leaues comefoorth ofthe flalkes next the ground long,foft,thicke, full ofiuice,couered oner with a certaine downie hoarinefle, and fnipt vpon the one fide with a fmall cut or notch, fuch as is to be feene in theleafe of Buckes home. The flalke is fet here and there with the like leaues,but leffer. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalks, compact of fower fmall leaues, of a darke purple colour. Thefeede is conteined in long crooked cods like the garden flocke Gilloflower. 3 Leucoiuw HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 375 2 Ltucoiwn warinum httfolium. . -^VoAT . Broad leafed Sea ftocke GiUoflower. ,;,' f: : . icThe defertption. i i sdcons. .TOJisrbiL . t .. . , 3 y \ This Sea ftocke GiUoflower hath many broad leaues fpred vpon the ground, fomewhat fidpt or cutoo.the edges j among which rilevp fmallna- ,' kedjftjdkes, -hearipg at the top many lit deflowers, f ofa blew colour tending to a purple. Theieedeis ,. conteined in Jong coddes like the others of his VjVvN . *•.' • <’ i>.'% - 9 b .- ' kmde * 4 ~ I :jo,9i^I.iaq m s**>n* if ' tv ■ n ?; '/* _ ... . . ; Sv fhe defer iption. VO dented about the edges, iefembling the leaues of Sowthiftle. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes,of a gold yellow colour. The roote is fraall andfingle. 5 The ftnal Yellow Sea ftocke GiUoflower hath manyfmooth, hoarie, and foft leaues, fetvpona branched ftalke: on the top whereofgrowe pretie fweete IfneHing yellow flowers,bringing his feede in little long cods. The roote is fmall and threddy. 4 Leucomm marintm luteum mum Clustj & L’ohelfj. 5 Leucoium nurimm minm Vohelij & Cluf The Yellow Sea ftocke GiUoflower. Small yellow Sea ftocke Gilloflo wer. A34 J7$ the second booke of the * ThepUce. ■■■’». Thcfc plants do growe neere vnto the Sea fide, about Golchefter, in the lie of Man , neere Pre- £lon in Aunderneffe 3 and about Weftchcftcr. ft the time. They flourilh from Apfill to the end of Auguft. iethe names. There is little to be faidas touching the names, more than hath beene touched in their feue- rall titles. ft the temperature and vertues. There is no vfe of thefe in phificke,but they are efteemed for the beautie of their flowers. Of T)ames Violets^or Queenes (jiUoflowers. Qhap. 116. I Viola Matronalisflorepurpureo. Purple Dames Violets. >iri -if 2 Viola matronalisflore albo. White Dames Violets. ft the defeription. 1 Ames Violets or Queenes Gilloflowcrs, hath great large leaues of a darke greene colour, I 1 fome wh at fnipt about the edges: among which fpring vp ftalkes of the height of two cu- bites, fet with fuch like leaues: the flowers come foorth at the toppe of the braunches, of a faire purple colour verie like thole of the ftocke Gilloflowers, of a verie Iweetelmell, after which come. vp little long cods, wherein is conteincd fmall longblackifh feed. The roote is flender andthreddie 2 The Queenes white Gilloflowers are like the laft before remembred, fauing that this plant bringeth foorth faire white flowers,and the other purple. # ThepUce. They are lower* in gardens for the beautie of their flowers. “ " ft the . . ,! 377 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. - H v.v; £ k The time. .*■ ..v\ v v ..\ v , c .'.vi. They efpecially flower inMaic and Iune,the fecond yecre after they be fowen. k The names. r Dames Violets is called in Latine Viola matronaln^w^ Viola Hy emails winter Violets, & Viola Damafcenaa in French ViolettesdesDames, &deDamas, and Girofflees des Dames, or UWatrones Violettes: in Englifh Damaske Violets, winter Gilloflowers, Rouges Gilloflowers, and clofe Sciences. ^ The temperature. The Ieaues of Dames Violets are in tafte fharpe and hot, very like in tafte and facultie to Erucx or Rocket, and feemeth to be a kinde thereof. k The venues. The diftilled water of the flowers heereof is counted to be a moft effeduall thing to procure fweatc. Of white Sattinflower. Chap. 117 . k The defeription. 1 T), Olhonae or the Sattin flower,hath hard and Pj round ftalkes,diuiding themfelties into ma- nie other fmall braunches, befet with Ieaues like Dames Violets,or Queenes Gilloflowers,fome- what broad and (nipt about the edges, & in fafhion almoft like Sawce alone, orlacke by the hedge. The (talks are charged or loden with many flowers like the common ftocke Gilloflower,of a purple co¬ lour,which being fallen, the feede commeth foorth conteined in a flat thinne cod, with a fharpe point or pricke at one ende, in fafhion of the Moone,and fomewhat blackifh. This cod is compofed of three filmes or skins, whereof the two outmoft are of an ouerworne afhe colour, and the innermoft or that in the middle wheron the feed doth hang or cleaue, is thinne Sc cleere fhining,like a peece ofwhice Sat- ten newly cut from the peece. The whole plant di- eth the fame yeere that it hath borne feed, and muft be fowen yeerely. Theroote iscompa&of manie tuberous parts like Key clogs, or like the great Afphodill. 2 The feconde kinde of Bolton ic or white Sattin, hath many great and broad leaues,almoft like thofe of the great burre Docke: among which rifeth vp a verie tall ftemme of the height of fower cubits, ftiffe , and of a whitifh greene colour, fet with the like Ieaues, but (mailer. The flowers growe vpon the (lender braunches ofa purple colour,compact of fower fmall Ieaues like thofe of the ftocke Gilloflower, after which come thinne long cods of the lame fubftaunce and colour of the former. The roote is thicke, whereunto are faftned an infinite number of long threddie ftrings,which roote dieth not euery yeere as the other doth, but multipli¬ ed! itfelfe as well by falling of the feede,as by newe fhootes of the roote. I Viola Lunar isJtue Bolbonac. White Sattin. 2 Viola 378 THE SECOND ■iEOO.tEOOFIT.HE 2 Viola, luna.ru longioribusJiliquis. , y v \ -A T * 2 VioU inn arts Radix . The place. Thefe plants are let and fowen in gardens; notwithftanding the firft hath beene founde wilde in the woods about Pinner 3 and Harrow on the hill 3 twelue miles from London 5 and in Efiexlikewile about Hornchurch. The lecond groweth about Watforde 3 fifteene miles from London, The time. They flower in April! the next yeere after they be fowen, •fy 7 he names. They are commonly called Bolbonac by a barbarous name,we had rather call it Viola latifoliajmi Viola lunark , or as it plealeth molt Hcrbarifts/W^ pcregrinaithc Brabanders name it PcnnUlCfc of the fafhion of the cods, like after a fort to a groat or tefterne 3 and ]p>agfcf}~ hl0£lt1£tt* bicaufe it alwaies flowreth neere about the feall of Eafter: moftof the later Herbariftsdo call it Lunar ia: others Lunaria Graca: either of the fafhion ofthe feede, or of the liluer brightnes that it hath; or of the middle skin of the cods, when the two outtermoft skins or husks &feedes likewile are fallen away.We cal this herb in EnglifhPennie flower 3 or money flower 3 liluer plate 3 Pricklbng woort 5 in Northfolk Sattin 3 & white Sattin 3 & among our women it is called Honeftie :it leemeth to be the old Herbarifts Thlajpialterum ,or lecond Treacle muftard 3 & that which Crateuas de(cribeth 3 called of diners Sinapt Perficum: for as Diofcoridesfakh, Crateuas maketh mention of acertaine Treacle Muftard 3 with broade Ieaues and bigge rootes, euen fuch an one as this Violet is 3 which we furname Latifoha or broade leafed: generally taken of all to be the great Lunaria 3 or great Moone- woort. The temperature andvcrtues. The feede of Bolbonac is of temperature hot and drie 3 and fharpe pf tafte, and is like in tafte and force to the feede of Treacle milliard, the rootes likewife are lomewhat of a biting qualitie 3 but not much: they are eaten with fallads as certaine other rootes are. A HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 37 9 - A certaine Chirurgian of the Heluetians, compofed a moft Angular vnguent for wounds of the B leaues of Bolbonac and Sanicle ftamped togither,ad^ing thereto oile and waxe.The leede is greats Iy commended againft the falling ficknefie. 1 ... O/Galen his ^Tvfoone^oort^ or Madwoort. Cbap.11 %. ft The defer iption. 1 ♦“p* His might be one of the number oftheHorehounds, but that Galen vied it not for a kindc { thereof; but for Alyffin ,or Madwoort: it is like in forme and fhew vnto Horehound, and alio in the number of the ftalks, but the leaues therof are lelfer, more curled,more hoarie, andwhiter,withoutanyinanifeftfinellatall. The little coronets or fpokie whurles thatcompafle theftalkes round about, are full of fharpe prickles : out of which growe flowers of anouerworne grayifh colour,like to thofe of Horehound.The roote is hard,wooddie,and diuerfly parted. 2 The Germaine Madwoort bringeth foorth from a fibrous roore, two broad, rough, and hoarie Ieaues;betweene which rifeth vp a hoarie brittle ftalke,diuided into fundrie finall branches, where¬ upon do growe long, narrow leaues, lomewhat fnipt about the edges; from the boforne of which leaues come foorth finall roundles ofpurple flowers like thofe of the dead Nettle. I haue one of Diofccrides delcription growing in my garden, which is thought to be the true and right Lunarie orMoonewoort, hailing his firft leaues lomewhat round, and afterward more long, whitifh, and rough, or fomewhat woolly in handeling; among which rile vp finall, rough, brittle ftalkes, diuided into many branches, whereupon do growe many little yellow flowers; the which being paft,there folow flat and rough huskes,of a whitifh colour,in fhape like little targets or buck¬ lers, wherein is conteined flat feede, like to the feedes of ftocke Gilloflowers. The whole huske is of the fame fubftance,fafhion and colour,that thole are of the white Sattin. ft The j8a> THE SECONDE BOOKE OF THE ft The place: Thefe plants are fowen now and then in gardens, efpecially for the rarenc-fle of them 5 the feede being brought out or Spaine and Italie,from whence I haue receiued feme for my garden. ft The time. They flower and floftrifh in Mays the feede is ripe in Auguft,the fecond yeere after their fowing. ft The names. MadwoortorMoonewoort is called of the Grecians or . of the Latines Alyffmt: in Englifh Gale ns Mad woort: of fome Heale dog, and it hath the name thereof, bicaufe it is a prefent . remedie fot them that are bitten of a mad dog,as Galen writeth; who in his fecond booke of Coun¬ ter poifons,in AntoniusCous his compofition deferibeth it in thefe wordsjMadwoort is an herb very liketoHorehound, but rougher aud more full of prickles about the flowers ; itbeareth a flower tendineto blew. ft The temperature and vertues. A Galen faith it is giuen vnto fuch as are enraged by the biting of a mad dog, which therby are per¬ fectly cured,as is knowne by experience, without any artificial! application, or method at all. The which experiment if any fhallprooue, he {hall findeinthc working thereof. It is of temperature meanly drie, digeffeth and fomething fcowreth withall 3 for this caufe it taketh away the morphew and funne burning 5 as the fame author affirmeth. Many fabulous narrations haue been fet foorth concerning the vfe of thefe Lunaries by the an¬ cient writers offorcerie,with which I lift not to trouble your cares,being fitter for Cornelius Agrippn his booke,than to be inferred in our hiftorie of plants * Of %ofe Campion . Chap.up. ft Thekindes. Here be diners forts of Rofe Campions,fome ofthe garden, and others of the field: the which fhall be diuided into three feuerall Chapters 5 and firft ofthe Campion of Conftantinoplc. Lychnis Chalcedonica. Flower of Conftantinoplc. T FIe Campion of Conftantinoplc hath fun- drie vpright ftalkes, two cubiteshigh, and full of icints,with a ccrtaine roughnes; and at euery ioint two large Ieaues, of a browne green colour. The flowers growe at the top like Sweete Williams, or rather like Dames violets, of the co¬ lour of red lead, or orengetawnie. The roote is fbmewhat fharpe in tafte. ft The place. The flower of Conftantinoplc is planted in gardens,and is very common almoft euery where. ft The time. It flowreth in Xune and Inly, the fecond yeerc after it is planted,and many yeeres afterjfor it con- fiftethof a roote full of life : and endureth long, and can away with the cold of our climate. ft The names. It is called Condi antinopolitanmflos, and Lychnis Chalcedonica : of Aldrouandm Flos Creticus , or Flower of Candie: of the Germans Hierofolymo- rum flos, ox flower of Ierufalem : in Englifh Flower of Conftantinople; of fome Flower of Briftowe, and None fuch. ft The temperature and vertues. Flower of Conftantinople, befidesthat grace and HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 381 and beautie which it hath in gardens and garlands, is for ought we know of no vfe at all in phifickc: for which caufe the vertucs thereof are not yet found out. / Of%ofe Qampion. Qoap.no! I Lychnis Coronaria rubra . Red Rofe Campion. 2 Lychnis Coronaria alba. White Rofe Campion. 1 & The defeript ion. 1 ► " i‘ H He firftkinde ofRofe Campions hath round ftalkes,very knottie and woollie; and at euery knot or ioint there do ftand two woollie foft leaues like Mullein, but lefier, and much narrower. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalke,of a perfect red colour j which being paft 3 there follow round cods,full of blackifh feede.Theroote is long and threddie. 2 The fccond Rofe campion diifereth not from the precedent in ftalkes,leaues, or fafhion of the flowers: the onely difference confifteth in the colour, for the flowers of this plant arc ofamilke white colour,and the other red. ^.Theplace. The Rofe Campion groweth plentifully in moft gardens. & The time. They flower from lune to the ende of Auguft. it The names. TheRofe Campion is called in Latin Tominarum RofayJWariana Rofe, Cali Rofa , Califlos : of Di- cfcondes ^octveofMVKti, that IS) Lychnis Coronariapx. Satiua : Gaza tranllateth wyyl/a, Lucernula* bicaufe the leaues thereof be foft, and fit to make candle weekes, according to the teftimonie of Di - ofcortdes : it was called Lychnis or Lychnides, that is a torch or fuch like light, according to the figni- ncationof the worde,cleerc,bright,and light giuing flowers; and therefore were called the Gard¬ ners delight,or the Gardners eie tin Dutch : in French Oeillcts. and QtilctsDiets: in highDutch smarten rofjlm* and ij)tmrcel toffltn. . * The 38 * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The temperature. The (cede of Rofe Campion, faith Galen, is hot and drie after a fort in the fecond degree. ft Thevertues. The feede drunken in wine is a remedie for them that are ftung with a fcorpion, a sDiofcortdes teftifieth. } ‘ Of wide rofe (fampions. Chap azi. The description. 1 *-t“* He wilde rofe Campion hath many rough broad leaues, fomewhathoarie and woolly; S among which rife vp long,foft and hairic ftalkes, branched into many armes, fet with the like leaues, but lefler. The flo wers growe at the top of the ftalkes, compact of fiue fmall leaues,of a reddifh colour .The roote is thicke and woodie,with fomethreds annexed thereto. 2 The fea rofe Campion is a fmall herbe, fet about with many leaues from the lower part vpward, which leaues are thicke,fomwhat Idler and narrower than the leaues of fea Purflane. It hath many* crooked ftalks fpred vpon the ground, a foote long; in the vpper part whereof there is a fmall white flower, in fafhion and fhape like a little cuporboxe, after the likenes of Behcn album, or Spading Poppie, hatting within the faid flower little threds of a black colour,in tafte fait, yet not vnpleafant. It is reported vnto me by a gentleman one Mafter Thomas Hesket , that by the fea fide inLanca- jfhire,from whence this plant came,there is another fort hereof with red flowers. 3 The third kinde being a wilde field Campion, hath leaues like vnto the wilde red kinde, but that his ftalkes are hairie,and the flowers of a reddifh colour. 4 The fourth kinde of wilde Campions hath long and flender ftems,diuidingthcmfelues into fun- drie other branches,which are ful ofioints,hailing many fmall and narrow leaues,proceeding from the faid ioints. The flowers do grow on the top of the ftalke, of a whitifh colour on the inner fide, andpurplifh on the outward fide, confiftingof flue fmall leaues, euery leafe hauinga cut in the end,which maketh it of the proportion and ill ape of a forke: the feede is like the wilde Poppie; the roote fomewhat grofle and thicke. 3 Lychnis HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 5^ 3 Lychnis fylueHruhirta. 4 Lychnisfylue(iris,primaClusij. Wilde hairie Campion. 5 Lychnis Hirta minima. Smallhairie Campion. . 1 . \)i!J Hoarie wilde Campion. 6 Lychnis (yhesiris incana. Ouerworne Campion. 5 The s ?4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 The fiftkindc of wilde Campion hath three or fovver great (oft leaues, fomewhat downie, ly¬ ing Sat vpon the grounde: among which riieth vp an afhe coloured ftalke,diuided into diuers bran¬ ches .-whereupon do growe at certaine (paces,eucn in the (etting togither of the ftalke and braun- ches,(mallgraflelikeleaues,which referable the (haggey hairinefteof a goate,butofanouerworne duftie colour,as is all the reft ofthe plant, whereof it tooke his name Hlrfuta. The flowers growe at the top of the braunches 3 compofed of fine (mall forked leaues of a bright ihining red colour. The roote is thicke and of a wooddie fubftance. 6 The fixt kind of wilde Campion, hath very many long,thickest, and hoaric leaues (bred vpon the grounde, infhape and fubftaunce like thofe of the garden Campion, but ofaveric duftie ouer- vvorne colour : among which rife vp (mall and tender ftalkes 3 fet at certaine diftances by couples, with fuch like leaues as the other 3 but (inaller.The flowers do growe at the top of the ftalkes in little tnfts 3 like thofe of fweete Williams 3 ofa red colour. The roote is thicke,with many threddie firings faftned to the vpper part thereof. i? The deferzption. y Spading Campion hath a (lender hoarie ftalke (omewhat brittle, wherupon are (et Ifnal fharpe pointed leaues ftraked with greene among the hoarie part of the leafe,euen as the grade called La¬ dies Laces are ftriped with white among the greene part of theleafe, (et togither vpon the ftalke by couples, in cquall diftaunces. The flowers growe at the top of the (mall braunches like vn to Cowe Baftll,or rather like Sparling Poppie, of a white colougwhercupon I gaue it that name. § The wilde white Campion hath leaues like vntothe Seaftockc Gillofiower.The ftalkeis hoaric and hairie. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes, ofa milke white colour. The roote is tough, of a woodie fubftaunce, and fome threddie firings annexed thereto. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 385 9 Lychnit Tlumsria. Fcthcrtop wilde Campion, k The deferipticn. $ The feathered Campion hatha thickegrofle roote, of a woodie fuftance, as moil of the Campi¬ ons hauc.-from which rifeth vp a ftiffe hoarie (hike, fetfrom thebottome to the top by couples , with leaues like vnto Cowc Bafill: from the bofome of the leaues hard by the ftalke come foorth little ten-, der fhootes, whereon do growe very fmall hoarie leaues. The flowers grow at the top of the braun- chcs , in fhape like little goofeberries, thrufting foorth in one place of echc little flower a iTxiaU purple taffell: the little knubbe it felfe is of a yel- lowifh colour, it The place. They growe of themfelues ncerc to the borders of plowed fieldes , meddowes , and ditch bankes 3 common in many places. The Sea Campion grovveth by the fta fide in Lancafhire at a place called Lytham, fine miles from Wygan, from whence I had fome feedes brought me for my garden by a diligent fearcher of fimples 5 mafter Thomas Hesketh , who hath harde it reported that in the fame place doth grew of the fame kinde fome with red flowers, which are very rare to be ft enc. k The time. They flower and flourifh moil part of the lorn- mcr,euen vnto Autumne. k The ngmes. The wild Campion is called in Greeke*^* in latinc Lychnis fyluefiriu inEnglifh wilde Role Campion. ^ The temperature. The temperature of thefe wilde Campions are referred vnto thofe of the garden, k The venues. The weight of two drams of thefeedeof wilde Campion, beaten to powder and drunkc, doth purgccholer by thcfloole 5 and is good for them that are ftung or bitten of any venemous bead. OfIViUm berbe } or Loofejlrife. Chap.m. k 7 he kindes. D to/corides and other old writers knew but one herbe WiIIow,which was that with the ycllow flower.The later age hath added three, which are baftardekindes; two of a purple, and the third of a blew flower. Since wee hauc difeouered diuers forts more, one of them*hduing leaues like the water Willow, or Ofier, which (hall be fet forth 5 the reft we will leaue to a fecond edition,or a further confideration. k Thedefcription. 1 M kinde of Willow herbe hath long and narrow leaues, of a grayifh greene colour JL in fhape like the Willow or Sallow leaues, ftandingthree or fowerone againft another round about the ftalke, which toward the top diuideth itfelfe into many other branches* on the tops whereof grow tufts ofyellow flowers without fmcll; which beinppaft, there commeth foonh feede like Coriandcr.Thc roote is long and (lender. ? The fecond kinde of Willow herbe in ftalkes and leaues is like the former, failing that his leaues are not fo broad The flowers growe along the ftalke toward the top fpike fafhion, ofa fairs purple colour 5 which being withered, doe growe into downc that is carried away with thewinde. 1 1 Lyjh’achia THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 Lyfimachia purpurea.JJJcata. Spiked Willow herbe. I Lyjimachia lute a. Yellow Willow herbe. 3 Lyfimachia fihquofa. Codded Willow herbe* chamanerion. Role bay Willow herbe. 3 8 7 H IS TO R. IE OF P L A N T S. 7 he description. 3 This Lyfw&chin being the thirde in number,hath Ieaues and rtalt.es like the former. The flower grovveth at the top of the ftaIkc,cornming out of the ende ofa fmall long codde, of a purple colour, infhape like the ftocke Giiloflowerrand is called of many Tilim ante Pi.trem, that is, the fonne be¬ fore the father, bicaufe that the codde commeth foorth ftrfthamng feedes thcrin s beFore the flower doth fhevve it fclfc abror.de,which is of a purple colour like Geranium called Doucs iootc. 4 The fourth being thought by Dodoneut to be a Ballard kinde, is(as I do erteeme it) of all the reft the moft goodly and (lately plant,hauing Ieaues like the greateft Willow or Ozier. The branches come out of the ground in great numbers,growing to the height of flxe foote.garnifhed with braue flowers of great beautie, confiding of fower leaties a peece, of an orient purple colourftiauing fomc thrums in the middle of a yellow colour. The codis long like the lafl fpoken cf, and full of downie matter,which flieth away with the winde when the cod is opened. 5 There is another baftarde Loofcftrifc, or Willowc herbe, hauing ftalkes like the other of his kinde, whereon are placed long Ieaues (nipt about the edges, in fhape like the great Veronica , or herbe plucllen. The flowers growe along the ftalkes fpike fafhion,or like vnto Lauender, ofa blewe colour; after which fiiccccde fmall cods or pouches. The roote is fin all and fibrous. It may be called Lyfunuclii a C/trulea, or blewe Willowe herbe. 6 We haue likewile another Willowe herbe that groweth neere vnto thebrinkesof riuersand water courfcs. This I found in a waterie lane leading from the Lord Treaf Lit ers boufe called Thtbals vnto the backfide of his (laughter houfc: and in other places as (hall be declared heereafter: which L'Obclius hath called Lyfirnac hia gdltrictdata , or hoodded Willowc herbe. It hath many final ten¬ der (talks trailing vpon the grounde,be(et with diners Ieaues, fomewhat fnipt about the edges, of a deepe greene colour like vnto the Ieaues of Scordium ^or water Germanderiamong which are placed fundric (mall blew flowers,fafhioned like a little hoode,in (hape refembling thofc of Alenooue.The root is fmall and fibrous,difpcr(ing it (clfe vnder the earth far abroad,wherby it greatly increafeth. 7 LyfmachU cxmpeflrU. 8 Lyjmxchix fyluatica. Wilde Willowe herbe. Wood Willowc herbe. # rk Bb z 3 88 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE A The deficription. 7 The wilde Willowe herbe hath fraile and verie brittle flalkes,(lender,and of the height of a cu« bite, fometimes higher: whereupon do growe fharpe pointed leaues fomewhat fnipt about the edges 3 fet togither by couples. There come foorth at the firft long (lender coddes, wherein is conteined fmall feede, wrapped in a cottonie or downie wool], that is caried awaie with the winde when the feede is ripest the ende of which commeth foorth a fmall flower of a purplifh colour, whereupon it was called FtliiM ante Patrem } b\caute the flower doth not appeere vntill the cod be filled with his feede: but there is another fonne before the father, as hath beene declared in the chapter of meadowe Saffron.The roote is fmall and threddie. 8 The vvoode Willow herbe hath a (lender ftalke diuided into other (mailer braunches 5 wheron are let long leaires 3 rough and fharpe pointed, of an ouerworne grecne colour. The flowers growe at the tops of the braunches,confifting of fower or fine final! leaues, of a pale purplifn colour ten¬ ding to whitenes,after which come longs cods,wherin are little feeds wrapped in aceitaine white downejthat is caried away with the winde. The roote is threddie. ft The place. The yellow Lyfimachia groweth plentifully in moiftmedowes, efpecially along the medowes as you go from Lambeth to Batterfey neer London,and in many other places throughout England. The fccond groweth in places of greater moifture, yea alrnoft in the running ftreames,and ftan- ding waters, or hardeby them. It groweth vnder the Biihopshoufe wall at Lambeth, neerethc water of Thames,and in moift ditches in moll places of England. The third groweth neere the waters(but not in the waters)in all places for the moft part. The fourth groweth in Yorkfhire in a place called the Hooke, neere vnto a dole called the Cow pafturc •, from whence I had thefe plants, which do grow in my garden very goodly to behold, for the decking vp ofhoufes and gardens. Thefiftgrowcrhhardby the Thames, as ye go from a place called the Di'uels Neckerchefe to Redrcife, neere vnto a {file that ftandeth in your way vpon the Thames banke, among the plankes that do hold vp the fame banke.lt groweth alfo in a ditch fide not farre from the place of execution, called Saint Thomas Waterings. ft The time. Thefe herbes flower in lunc and Iuly,and oftentimes vntill f. uguft. ft 7 he names. Lyfimachia , as Dicficorides and Flinie doe write, tooke his name of a fpcciall vertue that it hath in appealing the ftrife aid vnrulinefte which falleth out among oxen at the plough, if it be putabo t their yokes: but it rather retaineth and keepeth the name Lyfimachia^ of King Lyfmachm the fonne of Kji^athocleS )the firft finder out of the nature and vertues of this herbe, as Pliniei aith; which re¬ taineth the name of him vnto this day, and is made famous of ErafiHratm in his 25. booke,chap.7. Ruelltm writeth,that it is called in French Cornelle and Cor neo/a : in Greeke MmuAyiov . of the La tines Lyfmachium: of Phnie Lyfimachia; of the later writers Salk aria : in high Dutch i in Engliib Willow herbe,or herbe Willow,and Loofe ftrife. Chamanerium iscalled of Gefiner us Epilohion • in Englifh Bay Willow,or Bay Willow herbe. ft The nature. TheyellowZ,>yf^c/>M,whichisthechicfeandbeftforphificke vfes, is coldc and drie, and very aftringent. ft 1 he vertices. A The iuice according to Dioficoridesfis good againft the blcodie flixe,being taken either by potion or glifter. g It is excellent good for greene wounds,and ftancheth the blood:being alfo put into the noftrils, it floppeth the bleeding at the nofe. q The fmoke of the burned herbe driueth away ferpents, and killeth flies and gnats in a houfe; which Pliniei peaketh of in his 2 5.booke,chap.8. Snakes faith he, craull away atthefinell of Loofe ftrife. The fame author affirmeth in his 2<5.booke,laftchap.thatitdieth haireyellow; which is not very vnlike to be done by reafon the flowers are yellow. D The others hauenot beene experimented, wherefore vntill fome matter woorthy the noting, doth offer it felfe vnto our confideration,I will omit further to djfcourfe hereof. E The iuice ofyellow Lyfimachia taken inwardly, floppeth all fluxe ofblood, and the Dyfenteria or bloodie flixe. The ' HISTO.RMDOF <P L ANTS, i H 3 $9 The mice put into the nofc, ftoppeth the bleedingof the fame, and the bleeding of wounds, and F mightily dofeth and healeth them ? bcing madcYhto an wigucht or falufcT) The fame taken in a mother fuppofitorie of woole or cotton,bound vp with thredsfas the maner u thereof is very well knowne to yvomen ) ftaieth the inordinate fiuxe crpuermuch flowing of wo¬ men termes, r'V 5 11 .11 IVIUIVJ . ~ J , j It is reported, that the fume or fmoke of the herbe burned, doth dime away flies and gnats, and ^ all maner of venemous beafts. Of^arren woort. (JoafiAix Efimedium. Barren Woort. & The definition. T His rare and flrange plant was lent to me from the French Kings Herbarift, Robin dwelling in Paris at the figne of the blacke head, in the ftreete called Du bout du Monde. .in Ehg- lifh,Theendofthe world. This herbe I planted in my garden, and in the beginning of May it came foorth of the ground, with frnall, hard and wooddic crooked ftalkes: whereupon grow rough and fharpe pointed leaues, almoftlike ^M!ltaria 3 that is to lay. Sauce alone, or lacke by the hedge. L’Obeli&s and Dodonxus fay, that the leaues are lomwhat like Iuic, but in my iudgement they are rather like All taring fomewhar fnipt about theedges, and turning them- felues flat vpright, as a manturnethhis handevp- wardeswhen he receiueth money. Vponthc fame ftalks come foorth final flowers,confining of fower leaues, whofe outfides are purple, theedges on the inner fide red, thebottome yellow, and the middle part of a bright red colour, and the whole flower fomevvhat hollow. This hauelfeene, although Do- donem faith that it neuer beareth any flower at all. Thecaufc maybe, for that the countrie where he fawethe fame doth not agree fb well with the na¬ ture of the plant,as our foile England doth. The roote is frnall, and crecpcth aimed: vpon the vpper- moftfaceof the earth. It beareth his feede in very finall cods like Saracens Confound, but fhorcer: which came not to ripenefieinmygarden,byreafonthatit was dried away with the extreme and vnaccuflomedheateofthefunne, which happened in theyeere 1590. fince which time from yeere to yecrc it bringeth feede to perfection. Further Diofiorid.es and Phnie do report, that itis without flower or feede. ThepLice. It groweth in the moifl: medowes of Italie about Bononia and Vincentia : it groweth in my garden. % The time'. It flowreth in Aprill and May when it hath taken faff hold, and fetlcd it feife in the earth a yeere before. ’kThe names. It is called Epmcdium: I haue thoughtgood to call itBarren woort in Englifh; not bicaufe that Diofiorides faith it is barren both of flowers and feedcs, but bicaufe as fome authors affirmc, being drunke itis an enimie to conception. The temperature andvertues. Gkj/lraaffirmeth that itis moderately cold, with a waterie moifture: wc hauc as yet no vfe hereof in phificke, Bb 3 Of s<>» THE SECOND BOOKEC OF THE Of Fleabane Mullet. Cbap.nq.. I Conyzs major. Gicat Flcawoort. 2 Conyza minor. Fleabane Mullet. T 3 Conyzs minims. Dtvarfe Fleabane* # The defer ip ion. He firft and true kind of Conyzs hath large and broadeleaues, like Verbafcum nigrum, or black Mullet, but fomwhat narrower,of a dark green colour: among which rifeth vp a Item three cubits high, diuiding it felfe into many other braunches, which are befec with the like leaues,but lefler: among which and to the top 3 there commcth vp fmall yellowifh flowers of a fweete fauour, which doe turne themfelues into downe, that is caried away with the winde. The roote is thicke & tough, hailing many firings thereto adioining. 2 The fecond kinde of Conyzs hath leaues,ftalks, flowers, and roots like the former, but lefler by ma¬ ny degrees,and of a more fragrant fmell. 3 There is a third kind o f Conyzs that hath around, white wooilie ftalke, mor.e then a cubite high;nar¬ row and long leaues,fomewhat cottonie or woolie: at the top of the ftalke grow fmal flowers like Cam- momill, but greater, and not onely of a yellow colour in the midftof the flower, but in the border round about alfb. There HISTORIE OF PLANTS; sp i There is a fourth and final Conyza, which differeth not from the reft,faufng that it is a great deale lefle,and guoweth feldorne a footc high.The flowers be of a darke yellow c colour;, almoft like Tan- fie flowers,or the midft of the flowers of Cammomill: the whole plant is of a ftrong laurnir. There be three kindesmore,whereofIfinde not any thing written: for which caufelleaue it to a further confideration: the one is called Conyza Hellcnitis^Mclhta Inc Ana : another Conyza. Helleni- tufolijs Uciniatii • and the other Conyza Hedenitispilofa. • The place. The great and letter Conyza do growe among the chalkie ground,by Detford, three miles from London, neerc vnto the place where Lime is made jatGreenhiueinKentjat GrayesinElFex, and many other places. The other which is the middle, groweth in eueric wateric ditch,and running ftrcamfc. The finall kinde of Conyzi groweth at Iflington by London, in the ftreete as ye go from the endc of the townc next London vnto the church, and in many other barren and wafte places neerc London. ie The tme. They flower iniuly and Auguft. The names. Conyza from time to time hath been called in Englifh rleabane, but without reafon 3 confidcring there is another herbe fo called: but if it were pcflible to roote out auncient errors, I would gladly haue Conyzatobc called in English Fleabane Mullet, to make a difference betweene two herbes thatbeare one name. In Greeke it is called in Latine Conyza: of Plinie Cunilago: of Gaza Po- hear ia , and Pulse Aria •, yet it differeth from fjyllium, which is alfo called Pnlicarta, Fleawoort* The great Coniza is called Diofcorides his Baccharh, or our Ladies gloues, •yc The nature. Conyza is hot and dric in the third degree. & The verities. The lcaues and flowers be good againft the ftranguric,thc iaundifc,and the gnawing or griping A, ofthebcllic. The fame taken with vinegcr,hclpeth the Epilepfie or falling ficknette. B If women do fit oucr the decodion thereof,it greatly cafeth their paines of the mother. C The herbe burned,where flics,gnats,fleas,or any venemous things arc,doth driue them away. £) Of Starrewoort. fhap.n^. ^ Thekindes. There be diuers forts of the Afters or Starwoorts,as (hall be declared* The defer ipt ion. i He firft kinde of Lsflteror Ingmnalisjnixh large,broadc leaues like Verhafcum, or the great | Conyza: among which rifeth vp a ftalke fower or fiue foote long,harde, rough,and hairie, befee with leaues like role Campions, of a darke browne green colour. At the top of the laid (talks comefoorth flowers, of a fhining & gliftering golden colour,& fomtimes purple: among thefe flowers growe fiue or fixe long leaues, fharpe pointed and rough, notmuch vniike the fifh called Stelkmanna .The flowers turne into downe,and are caried away with the winde. i he roote is fibrous,of a binding and fharpe taftc. a The feconde called Italian Starrewoort, hath leaues like Conyza , among which rife vp manie fhrubbie ftalks,verie hard and blackifh,a foote high,bcaring at the top yellowe flowers/mxed with lomc purple,let about with chaffie feales like iacea or Knapwccde.Thc roote is fibrous,ofan aftrin- gent and drying tafte. 3 The third kinde hath lcaues fo like Italian Starrewoort. that a man can fcarfely at the fudden diftinguifh the one from the other .The fingle ftalke is a cubite long,vpright,and tendet: on the top whereof growefaire yellowe flowers, like thofe of EnulaCampana , in fhape hke a ftarre: and th« roote finall and thrcddic. 4 The fourth kinde in talneffe and flower is notmuch vniike that kft before (pecified,but in ftalke and leaues more hairie, and longer, (omewhat like our finall Hounds toong: and the roote fibrous or threddie as the former* Bb 4 i Alter THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I After atticus. Starrewoort. 2 Aster It alarum, Italian Starrewoort. ■ | ■ 3 lifter montAnus. Mountaine Starrewoort, 4 After hirfutm. Hairie Starrewoort. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 393 5 There is another fort that hath a browne ftalke, with lear.es like the fmall Coniza. The flowers arc of a darke yellow,which turne into downe that flieth away with the winde like Coniza.Thc roote is full of threds or firings. 6 There is alfb another that hath leaues like the great Campion, fomewhat hairier among which come vp crooked crambling ftaikes, leaning lamely many waies: whereupon do grow faire yellow flowers, ftarrefafhion, which turne into downe that iscariedaway with the winde. The roote is long and flraight as a finger,with fome few firings annexed vnto the vppermofl part. 7 There groweth another kinde of Starwoort, which hath many leaues like Scabious, but thin¬ ner,and of a more greene colour,couered with a woollie hairines,fharpe and bitter in tafle ; among which fpringeth vp a yoong ftalke more than a cubite high, often growing to a reddifh colour: fet with the like leaues, but finaller and fharper pointed,diuiding it felfe toward the top into fome few branches; whereon do grow yellow flowers like Dotonictw or Sonchm. The roote is thicke and crooked. • ■ . J ... .. 8 We haue feene growing vpon wilde mountaines, another fort, which hath leaues much Idler than the former,fomewhat like to the leaues of Willow, of a faire greene colour, which do adornc 2nd decke vp the ftalke euen to the top 5 whereupon do growe yellow flowers liar fafhion,like vnto the former. The roote is fmall and tender,creeping far abroad,whereby it mightily increafeth. 5> Cluftus hath fet foorch a kinde that hath an vpright ftalke, fomewhat hairie, two cubites high, befet with leaues fomewhat woollie like Willovves, hauing at the top of the ftalke faire yellow flow¬ ers like EnuU Campana , which turne into downe that is caried away with the winde. The roote is thicke,with fome haires or threds faftened thereto. 10 Hehathlikewifo deferibed another fort, that hath leaues, flalkes,flowers, and rootes like the ninth,but neuer groweth to the height of one cubite. And the mother ftalke and flower doth neuer growe fo high as hir children, much Idle Herba impia fo called, for that the children do ouergrowe their parents. 11 There is likewifo fet foorth in his Pannonicke Obferuation, a kinde of After that hath many fmall hairie leaues like the common great Daifie •, among which rifoth vp an hairie ftalke of a foote high,hauing at the top faire blew flowers inclining to purple, which turne (in the time of feeding) into a woollie downe, that fleeth away with the winde. The whole plant hath a drying, binding, and bitter tafte. The roote is threddie like the common Daifie. i-: The place. The kindes of Starwoort growe vpon mountaines and hillie places,and fometimes in woods and inedowes lying by riuers fides. Thetwofirft kindes do growe vpon Hampfleed heath fower miles from London,in Kent vpon Southfleetc downes,and in many other fuch downie places. 1 . - -•w ' • / J. . 70^ :'?• 1 The time. They flower from Iuly to the end of Auguft. i? The names. This herbe is c ailed in Greeke Antf. ***»<,and alfo Wnov ■. in Latin Asier At ficus, Buboniumfti Ingui- nalii: of fome Atterion,Afterifconp.n<\ Hyophthalmon: in high Dutch X in Spanifh Bo¬ bos : in French Esirille ,and Aftergouttemenne: in Englifh Starwoort and Sharewoort. / - 'd ' ‘ V* dob :• ■ - - -7 •. P he nature. Itisofameane temperature in cooling and drying. Galen faith it doth moderately wafleand confume,efpecially while it is yet foft and new gathered. That with the blew flower or purple, is thought to be that, which is of Tirgillc^W^ftos Amefius ; ofwhich he maketh mention in the fourth booke of his Georgickes. ' rr Eft etiamftos inpratiycni nomen ^Amello Fecere agncoLt: facilis quarenttbus herba ; Namque zno ingentem tolht de ceftiteftluam ; ^Aureus ipftfted tn fo lips,qua plunma circum Funduntur t violafublucetpurpura nigra. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE InEnglifhthus. With little fearch in medowes green a flowre is to be found. The countric fWaines do clepe the fame Starwoort. Out of the ground One root doth fprout,which fpredes broade with branches thicke 6 c wide, Of colour like the fineft golde in fire that hath beenc tride. The leaucs which bud on cucry fide in a round and thicke ranke Haue fuch a purple colour as darke Violets on a bankc. # The'virtues. A The leaues of After or InguinalU ftamped, and applied vnto botches 3 impoftumes 3 and venereous hubones (which for the molt part happen in Inguine , that is, the flankc or flhare) doth mightily ma¬ turate and fiippuratc them, whereof this herbe After tooke the nam zlngumnlis. B helpeth and preuaileth againft the inflammation of the fundament, and the falling foorth of the gut called Saccus ventris. C The flowers are good to be giuen vnto children againft the Squinancie 5 and the falling ficknes. Of JVoade . Chap, n 6. Glaftumfatiuvm. Garden Woade. & The defers ft ion. G Lift urn or Garden Woade hath Ion g leaues of a blewifh grecne colour. The ftalk grow- eth two cubites high, fet about with a great number of fuch leaucs as comcvpfirft, but Smal¬ ler, branching it felfe at the top into many little twigs, whereupon doe growe many frnall yellow flowers, which being paft, the feede commeth foorth like' little blackifh toongs: the roote is white and Angle. There is a wilde kinde of Woade very like vnto the former in ftalkes, leaues,and fafhion,fa- uing that the ftalke is tenderer, fmaller, and brow¬ ner, and the little toongs narrower j otherwife there is no difference betwixt them. ^ The f lace. The tame or garden Woade groweth in fcrtill fields, where it is fowen: the wilde kinde grow¬ eth where the tame kinde hath been fowen. if 7 he time. They flower from Iune to September, it The names. Woade is called in Greekc lAve. in Latine Jfati'^ and Glaftum. Caftr in his firft booke of the Frcnch-wars, faith, that all the Britons do colour themfelucs withWoad, which giueth a blew co¬ lour; the which thing alio Plinie in his 22. booke, chap.i.dothteftifie : inFraunce they call itG 7 *- which is like vntoPlantaine, wherewith the Britons wines, and their fonneswiuesare coloured all ouer,and go naked in fbmc kinde of lacrifices. It is likewife called ofdiuers Guadum :of the Italians Guado ; a word as it feemeth, wrung out of the word Glaftwn : in Spanifh and French Paft el: in Dutch ®,CSt X in Englifh Woade and Wade. ,.;' .;■ : if The nature. Garden Woade is dric without fharpndfc: the wilde Woade drieth more, and is more fharpe and biting, O' ie The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 395 k The vertues. The dccodtion of Woade drunken,is good for fuch as haue any flopping or hardnes in the milt A or fpleene,and is alio good for wounds and vlcers in bodies of a ftrongconftitution, as ofcountric people and fuch as arc accuftomed to great labour,and hard courfe fare. Y It ferueth well to die and colour cloth,profitable to fome few, and hurtfulltomany. B OfCov'Bafill. Chap.izj. I Paccar**. CowBafill. 2 Ephemerwn Mathioli. Qmcke fading flower. k The deferiptton. 2 His kinde ofwilde Woade hath fat long leaues like Valeriana rubra Dodcnai, or lichen at* I hum : the ftalke is finall and tender, hauing thereupon little purple flowers, confifting of fower leaues \ which being paft, there come fquarc cornered huskes, full of round blackc feede like Colewoorts. The whole plant is couered ouer with a clamme fubftance like Birdlime, fo that in hot weather the leaues therof will take flies by the wings (as Mufcipula doth)in fuch maner, that they cannot efcape away. 2 Ephemcrum Mat hi oh,hath Iong,fat,and large leaues like vnto Woade,but much leflenamong which rifeth vp a rounde ftalke a cubite high, diuiding it felfe into many braunches at the top. The which are fetwith manyffnall white flowers, confifting of fiue leaues, which being paft, there followe little rounde bullets,conteining the feede.The roote is finall and full of fibres. ie The place. Cow Bafill groweth in my garden: but Ephemernm isa ftranger as yet in Eaglande. it The time. They flower in Maie and June. •k The nature and vertues. I findenot any thing extant concerning the nature and vertues of Vaccaria , called Cowe Bafill. Ephemerum (as Dio'corides writeth) boiled in wine, and the mouth waffled with the deception thereof,taketh away the toothache. Of S $6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE O/'SefamoideSjOr baflard Weld or Woade } out o/^Diofc. Qhap.\% 8. •kThekin&ts* T Hctc hath bcenc much faide of thefe plants, comprehended vnder the name Sefamoidcs, about which many words haue beene Ipent, but to fmall purpofe; the controuerfie is as yet not deci¬ ded: andbicaufethis volume growethto be great, and muchishccrcaftertobefaidc; Iamcon- ftrained to leaue it little better then nakedly fet downe; the beft haue done no more, although Do- ionAM hath let them downe for purgers among the Hellebores , yet I am not of his opinion, but ra¬ ther repute them for kindes of diers Woade ; or of the wilde Poppies. I scfiwoides Ulmmticum magnum. Great baftardc Woade. 2 Scfmcidcifalamanticimfarutm* Small baftarde Woade. l#St & Thedefcription . He great Sejamoides hath very long leaues & many,{lender toward the ftalke, & broa- 3§ij dcr by degrees toward the end,placed confuledlv vpon a thick ftiffe ftalke; on the top " 3 R wherofdo growlittle, foolifh, oridle white flowers; which being paft there do fol¬ low fmall feeds like vnto the true Sefamum , whereof it tookehis name, and is not vn- to l sflpiBiy or Canarie feede that birdes are fedde withall.The roote is thicke^and ofa wooddie fubftance. 2 Little ScfirniotdeS) as Diojcoridcs faith,hath many fmall hoarie leaues fpred vpon the ground like thole ofMoufe eare; among which rife vp fmall ftalks of a fpan high: on the top whereof are tufts ofvery little flowers,foracwhatofapurpiecolour.Thcmiddlepart whereofis white,wherein licth the feedc,bitter in tafte 3 and of a yellowifh red colour.The rcote is {mall and {lender. 3 Sefmojdes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 397 3 Scfamotdes maius Scaligeri . Barren Wcldc. 4 J\ 4 Sefamotdes par Hum M athioli. Bucks home Welde. # 7 'he deferiptton. 3 Barren welde hath a thicke wooddic roote, out of which rife vp immediately from the grounde lundrie fmall braunches, fet round about with many {lender, rough, and hoarie leaues like thole of PyloJelL , or the great Moufe eare: it bringeth foorth neither flowers nor leede, but is increaled by the roote. 4 Buckes home Welde hath many Imooth and (oft long leaues, cutvpon the fides with one or two great gafhes, relembling very notablie the leaues of Buckes home. The ftalkes grewe to the heightofafoote; on the top whereof dogrowefcaleyknopslikethofe of Knapweede : from the which doe fhootc foorth at the time of flowring fuch like fmall flowers as Wheate hath, butol a blew colour.The roote is great,Iong and wooddie. i? The place. Thefe do growe in rough and ftonie places, I haue had the feedes lent me from Padua in Italic; The flowers I do exped this prelent yeere. & The time. Tlie time I exped to be in Iune,notwithftanding I haue no certaintie thereof but by report. The names. I doe not finde in any author that hath written heercof any other name vfed then the title doth exptelfe , exceptions Grecians who haue called them in Greeke ttvauolJif :the which name Se~ famcidcs we do retaine. Ve The temperature. - . Galen aflirmeththat the leede conteineth in it lelfe a bitter qualitie,and faith that it heateth,brea~ kcth,andfcoureth. The'vertues. Dicjcorides afhrmeth that the weight of a halfe pennie of the leede drunke with meade,or honied A water,purgeth flegmeand choler by the ftoole. \ I he fame being applied doth wafle harde ki?ots and fvvellings. B Of o $5?o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of 'Diers weede. Cbap.np. LitieoU. Diets weed,oryellow wcede. St aphis. a grid Staucs-aker. k The defer/fitton. lers wccde hath long, narrow, and blackith leaues , not much vnlikc to Woadc , but a great dcale fmaller and narrower : from among which commeth vp a ftalk two cubits high, befet with little narrow leaues: arnog which leaues eucn to the toppe of the ftalke come foorth fmall pale yellow flowers,clofely cluttering togither one aboue another, which do turne into fmall buttons, cut as it, were crottewifc, wherein the feede is con- teined.The roote is very long and Angle. k The place. Diers weede groweth of it felfe in moift,bartcn, and vntilled places, in and about villages almoft cuery where. k The names. Pliny'mhxs 33.bookecap.5.maketb mention by the waie of this herb,and callcth it Lutea:Vitruutu$ in his 7. bookc Lutum : and likewife Virgil in his Bucolickes, the fourth Egloge: in Englifh Weldc and Diers wcede. k The time. Thisherbe flourifheth in Iune and Iuly. k The nature. It is hot and drie of temperature. OfStaues alter . Chap. 130. k The description. Taues aker hath ftraight ilalkes of a browne colour,with leaues clouen or cut into fundry fedtions, almoft like the leaues of thewildc Vine. The flowers doe growevpon fhort Items, fafhioncd like vnto our common Monks hoode, ofaperfedt blew colour ; which being paft,there fucceede welted huskes like thofe of Wolfes bane, wherein is conteincd triangled black feede. The root is of a wooddic fubftance,and perifheth when it hath perfedted his feede. k The place. It is with great difficulty preferued in our cold countries, albeit in fome mildc winters I hauc kept it coueredouer with a little feme to defende it from the iniurie of the March winde, which doth more harmc vnto plants that come foorth ofhot countries,than doth the greateO: froftes, k 7 he time. It flowreth in Iune, and the feede is ripe the fd- cond yeere of his lowing. k The names. It is called in Greeke dyfe. in Latine ITeria Pedicular is,, and peduncularia-> as Me.rcellm repor- teth. Plinie in his 2 6. booke, 1 g.chap. feemeth to name it Vua T aminia : of lome Pit ml area , and Papilla rtiont aha, : in (hops- S tsphip.gr ia : inSpa- nilh Terua pioienta • in F rench Her he aux poulx : in HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 99 ’ in high Dutch Lett ? taut : in Lowe Dutch jLupfcrtttt ; in Englifh Stauefaker, Lowfewoort, and Lov/fe powder. ft The temperature. Thefeedcs of Stauefaker are extremely hot, almoft in the fourth degree, ofabitingandburning qualitic. ft The virtues. Fiftecncfecdesof Stauefaker taken with honied water, will caulconc to vomit groffc flegmc ^ andflimie matter,but with great violencejand therefore thofc that haue taken them,ought to walke without ftaying,and drinke honied water, bicaufe it bringeth daunger of choaking and burning the throte,as Vhfcorides noteth. And for this caufe they are reie&ed, and not vfed of thephifitions ei¬ ther in prouoking vomit,or elfe in mixing them with other inward medicines. The feedc mingled with oile or greace,driueth away lyce from the head,beard,and allother parts B of the bodie,and cureth all feuruie itch and manginefle. The fame boiled in vineger,and holden in the mouth,afTwageth the tooth ache. The fame chewed in the mouth dravvethfoorth muchmoifture from the head, andclenfeththe brainc,efpecially if a little of the roote of Pellitoric of Spaine be added thereto. The fame tempered with vineger,is good to be rubbed vpon lowfie apparell,*to deftroy and driue E away lice. The feedes hereof are perilous to be taken inwardly without good aduife, and corredlion of the F fame.Therefore I aduile the ignorant not to be oucr bolde to meddle with it, fkh it is fo dangerous, that many times death enfueth vpon the taking of it. Of Talma Qhrijli . Qbap, 131 . I Ricinw. Palma Chrifti. 2 Ricimts Americas. Palma Chrifti of America, \ ft Th$ DO 400 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The defer iption. 1 I? IcmttiPdttUL Chrifti } or Kik,hath a great round hollow (hike fiue'cubits high, ofa browne colour,died with a blewifh purple vpon greene. The leaucs are great and large,parted into fundric fe&ions or diuifions, fafhionedlikc the leaucs of a Figgc tree, but greater, fpredor wideopenlikethchandoiaman; and hath toward the top a bunch of flowers, cluttering togither like a bunch of grapes, whereof the lowed arc of a pale yellow colour, & wither awav without bea¬ ring any fruit ;and the vppermoft arc reddifh, bringing foorth three cornered huskes, which con- taine feedc as big as a kidney beane, of the colour and fliape of a certaine vermine which haunteth cattell.callcd a Tike. 2 This Palma Chrifti of America groweth vp to the height and bignes of a fmall tree,or hedge fhrub, of a wooddie fubftance, whofe fruit is expreffed by the figure, being of the bignes ofa great beane,fomcwhat long,ofa blackifh colour,rough and fcalic. ft The place. Ricima or Palma Chrifti,groweth iii/iny garden,and many other gardens likewife. ' ft The time. Ricinw or Kik mutt be fowen in Aprill,and the feede is ripe in the end of Auguft. ft The n&me^andcaufe thereof. Ricitws; whereof mention is made in the fourth chapter and fixt verfe of the prophecie of lohas was called of the Talmudifts, m Kik } for in the Talmud we rcade thus,o’j id^ uhn Veto befebemen kik: that is in Englifh,And not with the oile of Kik; which oile is called in the Arabian toong o 4 lkertia as Rabbi Samuel the fonne of Hophni teftificth. Moreouer, a certaine Rabbine mooueth a queftion, faying, what is Kik? Hereunto RefchLachifi m&cth anfwer in Ghemara, faying, Kik is nothing* clfe but Iona* his Kikaijon. And that this is true, itappeereth by that name Kku, which the ancient Grecke phificions, and the Aegyptiansvfed; which Greckewordcommethof the Hebrew word Kik. Hereby it appeereth,that the old writers long ago,though vnwittingly,called this plant by his true and proper name. But the olde Latinc writers knew it by the name Cucurbit a, which euiden tly is manifefled by an hiftoric, which Saint Augallinc recordcth in his Epiftle to Saint/erome, where in effect he wriceth thus ; That name Kikayon is of fmall moment, yet fb fmall a matter caufed a great tumult in Africa. For on a time a certaine Bithop hauing occafion to intreat of this which is mentioned in the fourth chapter of Ionas his prophecie (in a collation or ferrnon, which he made in his cathedrall church or place of affemblie) faid,that this plant was called Cucurbit a,2. Gourde, bi- caufe it increafed vnto fo great a quantitie in fo fhort a fpace, or elfe ( faith he) it is called Hedera. Vpon thenoueltieand vntruthof this his dodlrine, the people were greatly offended, and thereof fuddenly arofc a great tumult and hurly burly; fo that the Bifhop was inforced to go to the Iewes, to askc their iudgement as touching the name of this plant. And when he had receiued of them the true name, which was Kikaijon he made his open recantation,and confefled his error,and was iuftly accufed for a falfifier of the holy feripture. ft 7 he nature. The feede of Palma Chritt i,or rather Kik,is hot and dric in the third degree. ftThevertues. Ricinus his feede taken inwardly, openeth the bellie, and caufeth vomit, drawing flimie flegme and choler from the places poflefled therewith. g The broth ofthemeate flipped vp, wherein the feedehathbeenfodden, isgoodforthecollickc andthegowte, andagainftthe paine in the hips called Sciatica^ itpreuailethalfbagainft theiaun- dife and dropfie. q The oile that is made or drawen from the (cede, is called Oleum Cicinum: in (hops it is called Oleum de cherua : it heateth and drieth, as was faid before,and is good to annoint and rub all rough hardnes and feuruinette gotten by itch. This oile,as Rabbi Dauid chimehi writcth,is good againft extreme coldnes of tire bodie. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 401 Of Spurge. Chap. 131 . # The kinds. T Hcre be diuers forts of Spurges according to Diofcorid.es , Tlinie ,and o tyuleim , whereoffome arc of the woode,fomeofthcfea,fome of the garden, and others of the fieldc: all which fhall be deferibed in this generall Chapter , efpecially bieaufe they are not ail of them vfed in Phificke, Therefore to dcuidc them feuerally > it were but to tell one tale oftentimes ouer. I TithymalusparxltM* 2 T'tthyntalus Heliojcopim* Sea Spurge. Sunnc Spurge. $ > ”T H He firft kinde of Sea Spurge rifeth foerth of the fands, or baich of the fca, with fun dry red- | difh ftems or ftalkes growing vpon one (ingle rootc, of a wooddie fubftaunce: and the ftalkes are befet with (mall, fat, and narroweleaueslikevnto the leaues ofFlaxe. The flowers are yellowifh and growe out of little difhesor faucers like the common kinde of Spurge. After the flowers come triangled feedes^as in the other Tithymales. 2 The feconde kinde (called Heliofcopius, or Sohfequita ; and in Englifh,according to his Greeke narriCjSunne Spurge, or time Tithymaie,of turning with the funne) hathfundrie reddifh ftalkes of a foote high: the leaues are like vnto Purflane, but not fo great: the flowers yellowilli and grow¬ ing in little platters. 3 The thirde kinde hath thicke, fat,and (lender braunches trailing vpon the grounde, befet with leaues like Kneeholme,or the great Myrtle tree.The (eede and flowers are like vnto the other of his kinde. 4 The fourth is like the laft before mentioned, but it is altogither lelTer, and groweth more vp- tight,otherwife alike. '■ 7 ithymdtti Cc I 4 02 the second booke of the ^ Tithymalm Myrtifolim. Myrtle Spurge. 4 Tithymalus Myrfmitk* Philicke Spurge. 5 TithymalusCupreffinw . Cypres Spurge. £ T'ithymtltis ?tnca. Pine Spurge. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 7 Tithymaius Alirfinitii altera. Tree Mirtle Spurge. 4°3 ❖ The defeription. 5 Cypres Tithymale hathroundereddifhftalkes a foote high, fet with Jcaues like to the great Cypres tree leaues. The flowers.(cede and roots are like the former. 6 The fixt is like the former, in flowers, ftalkes, rootes and (cedes, anddifferethinthat, that this kindehath leaues like the Pine tree, otherwile it is like. & The defeription. 7 There is fet foorth another fort likewife, that hath a round ftalkc, beletwith leaues like the firft kinde of Mirtlc Tithymale, but fomewhat longer i in feede, flowers,and giuing milke like the others. There is another kinde that groweth to the height of a man j the ftalkc is like the laft mentio¬ ned,and fomewhat hairie,not red as the others,but white 5 the leaues be long a n d narrow : in other points like to the other of his kinde. TithyindiM char acids Amygdalotdes* Vnfauorie wood Spurge. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 10 Titbymalus Plataphyllos, Broad leafed Spurge. II EfuUmnior German tea. Quackfaluers Turbith. it The defer ip tion, 8 The eight kinde rifeth vp with round reddifh ftalkes two cubits high,let about with long,thinne and narrow leaues, like the leaues of Oliues: the flowers come foorthatthe top like the others , of a fweete fmell like luncus odor at us : the leede and roote refemblc the other of his kinde. $ The ninth is like the former, but his leaues be longer, and more like to the leaues of an Al¬ mond tree,and is without fmell. i o The tenth kinde hath great broad leaues like Verbafcumfz t round about a ftalke of a foote high, in good order; on the top whereof growe the flow¬ ers in fmall platters like the common kinde, of a yellow colour declining to purple. The whole plant is full of milke, as are all the reft before fpe- cified. There is another kind of Tithymale,taken out of the Emperors bocke,that hath a ftalke of the big- nesof a mans thigh, growing like a tree vntothe height of two tall men,diuiding it lelfe into fundry armes or branches toward the top, of a red co¬ lour. The leaues are (mail and tender, much like vntothe leaues of Myrtusi the feede is likevnto that of wood Tithymale, or char&aas , according to the authoritie o iPeterJBelone, 12 Efuh minor feu Pityuji* Small Efula. jti Th#* HISTORIE OF PLANTS. •& The At [trip ion* 4 ° 5 A^v:. I r There is a kinde of Ti thy male called EfaU maior , which Martina* Ruiandut had in great ve¬ neration^ his extra&ion he vied for many infirmities (rnay , and doth appecr at large in his books intituled Curationum cmy trie arum , dedicated vnto the Duke of Bauicre,) This plant of Ruiat- dus hath verie great and many rootes, coueredouer with a thicke barke, plaited as it were with many furculous Ipiigs , from which rile fundrie ftrong and large Ifemmes of a fingers thkknefie, in height t,wo cubits,bclct with many narrow leaucs like Lathyris, that is the common garden Spurge. The feed and flower are not much vnlilcc the other TithymaJes. ; 3 The twelfth is like the cleucnth,laue thatit hath fmaller and more feeble braunches, and the whole plant is altogitherlefler. There is another rare and ftrange kinde otEfaU ( in alliance and likenes neere vnto Efuh. minor , that is the fmall EfttU or Pytiuft\fed among the Phyfici ans and Apothecaries of Venice as a kinde of Efuld, in the confection of their Benedtcla, and Catartick pilles in ftead of the true Efula Jyceldeth a fungous, rough,&browneftalkc two cubits high, diuiding itlelfe into fundrie braunches, fur- nifhed with ftiffe and fat leaucs like Licorice, growing togither by couples, i he flowers are pen- duloiis s hanging downe their heads like fmall bels, of a purple colour,and within they are of a dark colour like AriftolcchU rotund*. IJ Lathyrkfeu Catayutu tns.hr. Garden Spurge. 14 CatApttia minor * Small Spurge. fe4 0k T , The deferhtion. 1 mk^trth ni \x CX c%“ t! ‘' !f , Iike vnt0 the forn,er > but much lcffer, whereby it may eafilie be dntinguifhcd,being Iikewife fo well kr.owne vnto all, that I (hall not neede to deferibe it/ Cc S ! ' c ( 1ks THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & 7 he defeript'ton. 1 5 .The fifteenth kinde (called Peplus, of the purple outfide, or murrey reddc colour) hath a long, finall, and fibrous roote, bringing foorthmany fruitefullbraunchestwohandfulslong,butlittle and tender ,with leaues like the funne Tithymale,growing two and two togither; and fmall yellow {lowers: which being pall: there appeereth a Header pouchet, three cornered like the other Ti- thymales,hauing within it a verie medullous whitifh lcede like Poppie, the whole plantyeclding a milkie iuice,which argueth it to be a kinde of Tithymale. T 6 As in name lo in fhape this 1 6 .\efembleth Peplus, and commeth in hkelihoode neerer the figni- fication of Fepluin^ or Flammeolum then the other: therfore Diefcorides affirmeth it to be Tha'nnos amphilapheS) for that it bringeth forth a greater plentie of braunches,more clofely knit and wound togither,with finning twifts and clafpers an handfull and ahalfelong. The leaues arc letter then Peplum^ of an indifferent likenette and refemblauncc betweene and wildc Purflane. The feede is great,and like that of Peplus phe. roote finall and fingle. 27 The 17. kinde may eafily be knowen from the two lafl before mentioned,although they be ve¬ rie like. It hath many braunches and leaues creeping on the grounde of a pale green colour, not vn- like to HernUtU^ but giuing milkeas al the other Tithymales do,bearing the like feed,pouch, and flowers ,but fmaller in ech refpedf. 18 The iS.kinde of Tithymale hath a roundc roote like a [mail Turnep , as euery author doth re¬ port .-yet my fclfehaue the fame plant in my garden which doth greatly increafe, of which I hauc giuen diners vnto my friendes,whereby I haue often viewed therootes, which do appeere vnto me iomewhat tuberous ,and therein nothing anfwering the deferiptions which Diofcorides , Pena , and others,haucexprefIedandfetfoorth. This argueth that either they were deceiued anddeferibed the fame by hearefaie 3 orclfc theplant doth degenerate being brought from his natiuefoile. The leaues are let all along!! a finall ribbe like Fraxinell.i , fomewhat roundc greenc aboue,, and reddifh vnderneath. The feede groweth among the leaues like the feede Peplca. The whole plant is full of milke like the other Tithymales. 17 chama- HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4°7 17 chtfntfae. Spurge time. 1% i^fp/osvem Knobbed Spurge/ k The place. The firft kinde of Spurge groweth by the fea fide vpon the rowling fande and baich, as at Lee in Eflex, at Langtree point right againft Harwich, at Whitftable in Kent,and many other places. The fcconde groweth in grounds that lie wafte,and in barren earable foile. The thirde and fourth growe in my garden,but not wilde in England. The Spurge called C haracia /.r groweth in moft woods of England that are drie and warme. The 14. and 15.growe in fait marfhesneere the fea, as in the ile of Thanet by thefeafide, be¬ twixt Reculuers and Margate in great plentie. \'kThettine . Thefe plants flower from Iune to the ende of Iuly. k The names. Sea Spurge is called inLatine Tithymalm par dim : in Spanish Lethe trefua : in high Dutch tKlOlfCS? flUftfi, thatistofaie, Lupimtmlac, or Wolfes miike : Wood Spurge is called Tithymalm tharacias. The firft is called in Enghfh fea Spurge, orfea Wartwoort; the feconde Sunne Spurge 5 the thirde and fourth Mirtle Spurge; thefift Cyprefte Spurge,or among women,We!comc to our houfe ;the fixtPine Spurge; the feuenth fhrub Spurge ; the eight tree Mirtle Spurge; the ninth and tenth Wood Spurge; the eleuenth tree Spurge;the twelfe Broad leafed Spurge; the thirteenth and fowerteenth Quackfaluers Spurge; the fifteenth Venice Spurge; thefixteenth and fcuentcenth common Spurge; the eighteenth and nineteenth Petie Spurge; the twenty Spurge time; the one and twentic True Apios or knobbed Spurge. T he temperature. All thekindes ofTithymales or Spurges,arehotand drie ahnoft in the fourth degree,of a fhaipe and biting qualitie,fretting or confuming. Firft the miike andfappe is in fpeciall vfe, then the fruit and leauesjbut the roote is ofleaft ftrength. The ftrongeft kinde ot Tithymale,and ofgreateft force is that of the fea. Some write by report of others that it inflameth exceedingly,but my fclfe fpeake by experience, for walking along the fea cofc at Lee in Eftcx, with a gentleman called Mafter Rich dwelling in the fame towhe,I tooke hutone drop ofit into my mouth; which neuerthelefle did fo inflame and fweli inmythrotethatlhardly efbaped with my life i And in like cafe was the gentleman which caufed vs to take our horfes, and pofte for our lines vnto the next farme houfe to drinke fome milks to quench the extremitie of our heate,which then ceafed. k Thevertues. TheiuiceofTithymale, IdonotmcanefeaTithymale, is a ftrong medicine to open the bellie; . and caufing vomite, bringeth vp tough flegme and cholericke humours. Like vertue is in the feede . Cc 4 and 4 o8 the second books of the and roote, which is good for fuch as fall into the dropfic, being miniftred wdth diferetion and good aduile offbme excellent phifition 3 and prepared with his correttoriesby fbme honeft apothecarie B The inice mixed with honic , caufeth hairc to fallfrom thatplace which is annointed therewith if it be done in the funne. C The iuice or milke is good to flop hollow teeth being put into them warily, fo that you touch neither the gums, nor any of the other teeth in the mouth with the faide medicine. I> The fame cureth all roughnes of the skinne,mangines,lcprie, fcurffe, and running fcabs 3 and the white feurf of the head. It taketh awaie all rnaner of wartes,knobs 3 8ahe hard calloufnes of Fiflu- lacs 3 hot fwellings 5 and Carbuncles. E 11 killeth fifli, being mixed with any thing that they will cate. F Thele herbes by mine aduife would not be recciued into the bodie, confidering that there be Co many other good and wholefome potions to be made with other herbes 3 that may be taken without perill, remembring the old worne prouerbe , Deare is the honie that is lickt out of thornes,& that health is deere bought which is procured with fuch danger. Of Herbe Terrible . i Lsffypwn montii celt. Herbe terrible. Chap.iifi. 2 Tarton Raire GaBo-prwincf#, Cutwoort. The description* 1 T | Erbc Terrible is a fmall fhrub two or three cubits high, branched with many fmall twigs, «—I hauing a thinne rinde, firft browne, then purple, with many little and thinne Ieaues like JL A Myrtus. The flowers are rough like the middle of Scabious flowers, of a purple colour. The roote is two fingers thicke,browne of colour, and of awooddie fubftancc : the whole plant very bitter,and of an vnpleafant taflc like chaweleajjtz fomewhat flronger. 2 Tartonraire, called in Englilh Gutwoort, which groweth by the fea, and is Cathartica.il not of any long continuance among vs, and a flranger, very goodly tobeholde, and therefore in t c mother toong of the Maffilians, is called Tartonraire, of that abundant and vnbrideledfaculticot purging, which many times doth procure Jjyjcnterta, and fuch like immoderate fluxes,efpecia^) / HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 40 9 when one not skilfull in the vfe thereof, fhall drinke the powder of the leaues, delated in any liqnor This plant groweth in manerof a ibrub, like chamelea, and bringeth foorth many final!, touWand pliant twigs, fet about with a thinne and cottonie hairineffe, and hath many leaues of a gliftcnne filuer colour,growing from the Ioweft part euen to the top, altogether like Alyftts before mentioned: and vponthefe tough and thicke branches ( ifmymemoric failenot) dogrowefmall Powers firft white, afterward of a pale yellow: thefeede is of a rufiet colour: the rootc hard and woody, not very hot in the mouth,leauing vpon the toong feme of his inbred heat Saafte/omwhat refembling common Turbith,and altogether without milke. it The place. Thefe plants do grow vpon the mountains in Fraunce,and other places in the grauelly grounds, and are as yet ftrangers in England. ' it The time. They flourifb in Auguft and September. it The names. There are not anv other names appropriate vnto thefe pi ants more than is fet foorth in the title, it The temperature and vcrtucs. There is nothing cither of their nature or vertues,more then is let forth in the defections. Of herbe <iAloe, or Sea Houjlceke. ([hap. 134 .. f^Aloefolto mucronato. Herbe Aloe, or lea Houflcekc. H it The defeription. Earbc Aloes hath leaues like thole of Sea Onion, very long, broade/mooth, thicke, bending backwardes, notched in the edges, fee with certainc little blunt prickles, full of tough and clammie iuice like the leaues of Houflceke. The ftalke, as Diojeorid s faitfgis like to theftalke of Aifodi'l: the flower is whitifh; the feede like that of Affodiil: the roote is finglc,of the fafhion of a thicke pile thrufl into the ground. The whole herbe is extreme bitter, fois the iuice alfo that is gathered thereof. There is another Herbe Alee that groweth like- wife in diners prouinces of America, the leaues whereof are broader, greater, and lharpe pointed like a thorne, and hath on the edges farre harder prickles. it 7 he place. This plant groweth very plentifully in India, Sc in Arabia,Ccelofyria, & Egypt: from whence the iuice put into skins is brought into Europe. It groweth alfo,as Dio [cor ides writeth, in Afla on the fea coafls,and in Andros, but not veric fit for iuice to-be dravvne out. It is likewife founde in Apulia and in diners places of Granado and An- dalufia, in Spaine not from the fea: the iuice of this alfo is vnprofitable. it The time. The herbe is alwaies greene, and likewife fendeth foorth braunches, though it remaine out of the earth ,cfpecially if the roote be couered with Iome,Sc now & then watered: for fo being hanged on the feelings and vpper polls of dining roomes, it doth not onely continue a long time greene, but it alfo groweth and bringeth foorth new leaues: for it muft haue a warme place in winter time, by reafon it pineth away if it be frozen. it The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE r At 7 he names. The herbe is called in Greeke^ 'in Latine and in fhops alfo ^yflo'e: and fo is Iikewife the iuice. The plant alfo is named t? vynfeei but they are baftarde wordcs: it is called v^iCtov, bicaufe it Iiueth not onely in the earth, but alfo out of the earth* It is named in French Porroqust : in Spanifh K^fzeuar^ and Term hauofi • in Englifh Aloes 5herbe aloes'. Sea houfeleeke SeaAigrene. The herbe is called of the later Herbariftes oftentimes Semperu'mum , and Sempermunm mar hum bicaufe it lafteth long after the manner of Houliceke. It feemeth alfo tha tColumella in his lo.booke nameth it Sedum^ where he fetteth downe remedies againft the cankerwoormes in trees: Profuit &plant is lat icesinfundsre Amuros Man ubtjjmdtoque Sedz contingirefucco. In Englifh thus. Liqueurs of Horehound profit muchb’ingpowr’de on trees 5 The fame efteCI Sea Houflceke works as well as thees. Forhcreciteththeiuiceof Sedumoi Houfleeke among the bitter iuyees, and there is none of the Houfleekes bitter but this. At The temperature* K^floe, that is to fay,the iuice which is vfed in phificke, is good for many things. It is moderately hot,and that in the fir ft degree, but drie in the third, extreme bitter, yet without biting: it is alfo of m emplaifticke or clammie qualitie,and fomething binding. The ver tries. A It purgeth the belly- and is withall a wholefome and conuenient medicine for the ftomacke, if any at all be wholefome. For as Panins Aegineta writeth, when all purging medicines are hurtfull to the ftomack,^/<?i?.r onely is comfortable. And it purgeth more effectually if it be not wafhed: and ifit be,it then ftrengtheneth the ftomacke the more. B L bringeth foorth choler, but efpecially it purgeth fuch excrements as be in the ftomacke, the firft vaines,and in the neereft paftages. For it is ofthe number of thofe medicines, which the Gre¬ cians call ^tw^^i,of the voiding away of the ordure; and offuch whofepurgingforce pafteth noc far beyond the ftomacke. Furthermore Aloes is an enimie to all kindes of putrefactions; and defendeth the bodic from all manner of corruption. It alfo preferucth dcade carcafes from putrifiyng ; it killeth and purgeth away all manerof woormesof the belly. It is good againft a ftinking breath proceeding from the imperfection of the ftomacke : it openeth the piles or hemor- rhoides of the fundament: andbeingtaken inafinallquantitie, itbringeth downe themonethly courfe: it is thought to be good and profitable for obftruCtions and ftoppings in the reft of the in- trals.Yet fbme there be whothinke^thatitis not conuenient for the liner. C One dram thereof giucn,isfufftcient to purge.Now & then halfe a dram or little more is ynough. I) It healeth vp greene wounds and deepe fores,clenfeth vlcers, and cureth fuch fores as are hardly tobe helped, efpecially in the fundament and fecrct partes. It is with good fuccefie mixed with b>a£(M <, or medicines which ftanch bleeding, and with plaifters that be applied to bloodie wounds 5 for it helpeth them by reafon of his cmplaiftike qualitie and fubftance. It is profitably put into me¬ dicines for the eies/or as much as it clenfeth and drieth without biting. E Dtofcorides faith,that itmuft be torrified,or parched at the fire,in a cleane and red hot veflell,and continually ftirred with a Spatula or iron ladle, till it be torrified in all partes alike: and that itmuft alfb be wafhed 5 to the end, that the vnprofitable and fandy droffe finke downe to the bottome, and that which is fmooth and moft perfcCt,be taken and referued. F The fame author alfo teachcth,that mixed with hony it takeih away black and blew fpots,which come of ftripes : that it helpeth the inward ruggidnes ofthe eiclids,and itching in the corners ofthe eies it remedieth the headache, if the temples and forehead be annointed therewith, being mixed withvineger and oile of rofes : being tempered with wine, itftaicththefallingGffoftheha:rc,if the head be wafhed therewith rand mixed with wine and honie, it is a remedy for the fwellingof the Vuiila,and fwelling ofthe Almonds ofthe throte.for the gums,and all vlcers ofthe mouth. G The iuice of this herbe Aloe^ (whereof is made that excellent and moft familiar purger, called Aloes Succotrina , thebeft is that which doth neereft come vntothe colour of a liner, cleereand (hining, of a brovvnc yellowifh colour) openeth the belly, purging colde,ftegmatike,and cholerike humors^ I t * HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 411 humors, efpecially in thofe bodies that are furcharged with furfetting, either ofmeate or drinke, and whofe bodies are fully repleate with humors,faring daintily,and wanting cxercifc. This ^iiocs I fay,taken in a final! quancitie after fupper in a dewed prune,or in wa rcr the quantitie of two drams in the morning, is a mod foueraigne medicine for to comfort the domacke, and to clenfe and driuc foorth all fuperfluous humors. Some vfe to mixe the fame with Cinnamon, Ginger, and Mace, for the purpofe aboue faid; and for theiaundies,fpiting ofblood,and all extraordinarie iflues of blood. The fame vfed in vlcers,efpecially thofe of the fecret parts or fundament, or made into powder, H and drawedonfrefh woundcs, it daieth the blood,and healeth the fame,as thofe vlcers before fpo- kenof. . : _ The fame taken inwardly caufeth the Hemorrhoides to bleede,and being laid thereon it caufcth I them to ceafe bleeding. Of Houfleekejr Sengreene. fhap. 135 . The kindes. S Engreenc,as Diofcoridcs writeth,is of three forts,the one is great,the other final,and the thirde is that which is called Illecebra, , biting ftone Crop,or VVallpepper. Scmperuiuim maim. Great Houfleeke. -frThedefiription. 1 He great Sengreene which in Latine is I commonly called Iouisbarbx, Iupiters bearde,bringeth foorth Ieaues harde ad- ioyning to the grounde and roote, thicke, fat, full of tough iuice,fharpe pointed, growingclofe and harde togither,fet in a circle in fafhion of an eie,& bringing foorth very many fuch circles, fpreading itfelfeout allabroade: it oftentimesalfo fendeth foorth final! firings, by which it fpreadeth farther, andmakethnewccircles; thereriferhvppe often¬ times in the middle of thefe an vpright flaike about a foote high, couered with Ieaues growinglefle and lefletowarde the points, parted at the top in¬ to ccrtaine winges or braunches, about which are flowers orderly placed of a darke purplifh co¬ lour: the roote is all of firings. 2 There is alfo another great Houflcek or fengreen (fiirnajmed tree Houfleeke) that bringeth foorth a flalka cubitehigh,fomtimeshigher,6eoften two5 which is thicke,harde, woody,tough, and that can hardly;bebroke,paited into diners branches,& co¬ uered with a thick groffe barke, which in the lower part referueth certaine prints or impreffed markes of the Ieaues that are fallen awaie. The Ieaues are fat,wellbodied,fulIofiuice,aninch long and fom- what more like little toongs,very curioufly minced in the edges,(landing vpon the toppes of the braunches, hauing in rhem the fhape of an eie. The flowers grow out of die braunches,which are diuided into many fprigs, which flowers are (lender, ycllowe, Sc fpred like a flar 5 in their places commeth vp very fine feede, the fprigs withering away: the roote is parted into many ofsprings. This plant is alivaies greene, neither is it hurt by the colde in winter, growing in his natiue foile; whereupon it is named and S empty uiuum , or Sen¬ greene. 3 There is alfo another of this kinde,the circles whereof are anfwerable in bignefle to thofe of the fonner,but with lefler Ieaues,mo in number and clofer let, hauing (landing on the edges verv fine haires 4t* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE baires as it were like (oft prickles. This is (omewhat of a deeper green: the (hlkeis fhorter,and the flowers are ofa pale yellow. There is likewife a third to be referred hereu»to,the flowers whereof be ofa whitifh grcene 3 and are very curioufly nicked round about. There is alio a fourth, the circles whereof are Iefler, the leaues fharpe pointed, very clofel y fet, of a darke red colour on the top, andhairiein the edges : the flowers on the (prigs are of a gallant purple colour. ik The place. 1 The great Sengreene is wellknowen not onely in Italic, but alfo in Fraunce, Germanic, Bohe. itsia, andthc Lowe countries. Itgrowethon (tones in mountaines, vponolde wals, and ancient buildings,e(pecially vpon the tops of houfes. The forme hereof doth differ according to the nature of the (bile: (or in (omc places the leaues are narrower and Iefler, but mo in number; and haue one onely circle: mother (omc they are fewer, thicker, and broader; they are greene and of a deeper greenc in (bme places; atid in others of a lighter greene: for thole, which we haue defcribed,grow not in one place,butin diners and fundric. 2 Great Sengrcen is found growing ofit (elfe on the tops of houfes, old wals,& fuch like places in very many prouinces of the Haft,&of Greece,and aI(o in the Hands of the Mediterranean lea,as in Crete,which now is called Candic,Rhodes, Zant, and others; neither is Spainc without it: for ( as C.Clufites wit-nefleth)it groweth in many places in the kingdome of Portingale; othervvife it is che- riilied in earthen pots. In coldc countries, and fuch as lie northward, as in both the Germanies, it neither groweth of it (e'lfe,nor yet Iafteth long, though it be carefully planted, and diligently loo- ked vnto,but through the extremitieofthe weather, and the oiicrinuch cold of winter it perifheth. "The time. The (hike of the firft doth at length flower after the Sommer Solftice, which is in Iunc about Saint Barnahies day, and now and then in the moneth of Auguft; but in Aprill,that is to (ay, after the atquino&iall in the (pring, which is about a moneth after the fpring is begun. There growc out of this among the leaues (mall (brings, which are the groundworkc of the circles, by which being at length full growne, it (preadeth it (elfe into very many circles. / a Houfleeke that groweth like a tree, doth flower in Portingale at the beginning of theyeerepre- (cntly after the winter Solftice,which is in December about S. Lucies day. The names. The flift is commonly called Jottis harha^ orlupiters beard, andfo it is named of the Apotheca¬ ries: the Germans call it tpattff&Urt3S they of the Lowe countries £)ott* Ucrtett t the Hollanders IplSpflGSCk t the French men Ioubarbc : the Italians Sempremttotnag* giorc: the Spaniards Siempreuiua, yeruapuntera : the Englifh men Houfleeke, and Sengreene, and Aygrecne: of fome lupiters eie,Bullocks eie,and lupiters beard: of the Bohemians Tpetreske. Many take it to be Cotyledfa a it era D/oJcoridiet, but we had rather haue it one of the Sengreenes: for it is continually greene and alwaies flourifhcth,and is hardly hurt by the extremitie of winter. The other without doubt is Dtofcorides his that i s, Semperuiuummagnum, or Sedumma.- //^gveat Houfleeke, or great Sengreene: Apulciutc alleth i x. Vitalii, and Stmperflonum : it is alfo named The temperature. • The great Houfleekcs are cold in the third degree: they arc alfo drie,but not much,by realon of the wacerie eflcnce that is in them. & T he vertues. & They are good againft Saint Anthonies Are, the (hingles, and other creeping vlcers and inflam¬ mations, as Galen faith, that procecde of rheunres and fluxes: andasD/SyfcH^ej'teacheth, againfl the inflammations or fine hcate in the eies: the leaues faith Plinie , being applied,or the iuicc laide on,atc a remedie for rheumanke and watering eies. B They take away the Are in burnings and fcaldings, andbeing applied with Barly mcalc dried, do take away the paine of the gowte. C Diofcondes teacheth, that they are giuen to them that are troubled with a hotlaskc: that they likewilc driue foorth woormes of the belly if they be drunke with wine. D The iuicc put vp in apeflarie do flay the fluxes in women, proceeding of a hotcaule: the leaues held in the mouth do quench thirflin hoc burning feuers. i w/ The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 413 The iuice mixed with Barly mealeand vineger preuaileth againft S. Anthonies fire, all hot bur- E ning and fretting vlcers,and againft fcaldings, burnings, and all inflammations, and alio the gowte comming of an hot caufe. The iuice of Houfleeke,Garden Nightfhade, and the buds of Poplar boiled in Oxungia porci,or F hogs greafe,maketh the moft Angular Populeon that euer was vfed in Chirurgerie. The iuice hereof taketh away cornes from’the toes and feete, if they be wafhed and bathed ther- G with,and euery day and night as it were implaiftered with the skin of the fame Houfleeke, which certainly taketh them away without incifion, orfuchlike, as hath beene experimented by my very good friend ^..Nicholas Belfon , a man painfull and curious in fearching forth the fecrets of nature. The decodion of Houfleeke, or the iuice thereof drunke, is good againft the bloodieflixe, and H cooleth the inflammation of the eies being dropped thereinto, and the brufed herbe laid vpon. . Of little Houjleekg or Stonecrop. Chap.1^6. & The kindes. Here be two kindes of little Houfleeke defcribcd by the ancient 5 the new writers haue found L many moe. I Sedum minus h matoides. Stonecrop. 2 Sedum minus op) cinarm. Small Stonecrop. . , # The defeription, ■ - 1 I * He firftof thefe is a very little herbe, creeping vpon the ground with many {lender (talks, which are compafled about with a great number of Ie&ues, that are thiche of iointes, little,long, fharpe pointed, inclining to a greene blew. There rife vp among thefe, little jtalkes,a handfull high,brin gin g foorth at the top,as it were a (hadowie tuft; and in thcle.fine yel¬ low flowers: the roote is full of ftrings, 2 The other little Sengreene is alfo afmallherbe, bringing foorth many {lender ftalkes,fcldome aboue a {pan high 5 on the tops whereof ftand little flowers like thole of the other, in (mall loole tuftes; .1 4 T4 THE second booke of the tuftes 5 but they are white and fomething Idler : the Ieaues about the ftalkes are few and little, but long,blunt, and round, bigger than wheaten cornes, fomething Idler than the kernels of the Pine apples, otherwife not vnlike; which oftentimes are fomething red, ftalkes and all: the roote cree- peth vpon the fuperficiall or vppermoft part of the earth, lending downe {lender theeds. There is a ftnallkinde of Stonecrop, which hath little narrow Ieaues, thicke, fharpe pointed,and tender ftalkes, fulloffattieiuice; on thetop whereof do growe fmall yellow flowers, ftar fafhionl The roote is finall and running by the ground. There is likewife another Stonecrop called Frog Stonecrop, which hath little tuftes of Ieaues riling from finall and threddie rootes, creeping vpon the ground like vnto Ka/i 3 or Frog grafle ; from the which tuftes of Ieaues riftth a {Tender ftalke,ftt with a fewe fuch like Ieaues, hauing at the top fmall yellow flowers. Many ignorant Apothecaries haue beene deceiued ingathering this great Stonecrop, called Vermicular isJlue Illecehra maior> for the true Prickmadam, and the rather, bicauftit doth growe where the other doth, and fomewhat refembleth the fame, and yet of a contrarie facultie, namely, of heating & vicerating 5 neuerthelefie the difference is aifeerned by the final round Ieaues, which are fmooth,long, and more oleous, and crookedly turned aboue, & are fharpe pointed, like wormes Comming foorth of the ftalkes,and hanging dovvne.The flowers are of a pale yellow colour: all the plant doth refemble the fmall kinde of Stonecrop. There is another Stonecrop, or P err Ulus Prickmadam called <^Aiz,oon Scorpio ides , which is alto- gither like the great kinde of Stonecrop, and ditfereth in that, that this kinde of Stonecrop or Prickmadam, hath his tuft of flowers turning againe, not much vnlike the taile of a foorpion,rdem- bling Myofiu Scorpioid.es y znd the Ieaues fomewhat thicker, and cloler thruft togither. The roote is finall and tender. There is a plant called Sedum Portlandtcum , or Portland Stonecrop, of the Englifh Hand called Portland, lying in the fouth coaft,which hath goodly branches& a rough rinde. The Ieaues imitate Z^/mw/^jgrowing among the Tithymales, but thicker, fhorter, more fat & tender. The ftalk is of a wooddy fubftance like Laureola, participating of the kindes of CrajJitla^Semperuimm, and the Tithy- rnales,whereof we thinke it to be a kinde, yet not daring to deliuer any vneertaine ftntence, it {"hall be Idle preiudiciall to the truth,to account it as a fhrub, degenerating from both kindes. There is a plant which hath receiued his name Sedum Petreum , bicauft it doth for the moft part growe vpon the rockes, inountaines, and fuch like ftonie places, hauing very fmall leaues,comming foorth of the ground in tuftes like pfeudoMoly, that is, our common herbe called Thrift: amongft the Ieaues come foorth {lender {talks anhandfullhigh, loden with fmall yellow flowers, like vnto the common Prickmadam; after which come little flat cods like Tblajpt j or Treacle muftard, which conteine thefeede. k The place. The former of theft groweth in gardens in the Lowe countries: in other places vpon ftone wals and tops of houfcs,in England almoft euery where. The other groweth about rubbifb,in the borders offie!ds,and in places that lie open to the fun. k The time. They flower in the fommer monethes. > it The names. The Idler kinde is called in Greeke ; in Latine Sedum an d Semperuiuum minus: of di¬ ners tyuW Smooth*, Cerannia , Vitalis ; of the Germans folepit DonUttbaCtS and IMeptt ipaufp iDttrtf \ of the Italians Semperuiuo minore: of the French men Trictyue Madame: of the Englifh men Prickmadam. The ftcond kind is named in fhops Crafjula miner, and they {umame it Minor for difference be- tweene it and the other Crajfula , which is a kinde of Orpin. It is alfo called Ve/micularis : in Italian Pignola^Granellofa^nd Grafella : in Lowe Dutch QBlaECClOOfSlU ill Englifh Wilde Prickmadam, great Stonecrop,or Wormegralle. k The temperature andvertues. The Orpines are ofa cooling nature like vnto the great ones, and are good for thoft things that the others be. The former of theft is vied in many places in{allads,in which it hath a fine rcliib,and a pleafant tafte: it is good for the hart-burne, . , - , . /- • , of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Ofthefmallett Stonecrops, called mil'Temper. Cbap.i^y. 4’5 # Thekindes. O F thefe fmall Stone crops there be diuers forts , their feuerall defcriptionsfhallbefet down£ with their names for diftin&ions fake. • * * Vermicularie flue Illecebra . Wall Pepper. •ftThedefiription. T His is a lowc and little herbe: the (hikes b6 flender and fhort: the leaues about thefe - ftande very thicke and fmall in growth , full bodied/harpe pointed and full of iuice: the flowers ftand on the top,and are maruellous little,of colour yellow & of a fharp biting tafterthe root is nothing but firings. * The place. It groweth euery where in ftonie and drie places^ and in chinkes or crannies of olde wals : it is al- waies greene , and therefore it is verie fitly placed among the Sengreens* The time. It flowrethin the fbmmer moneths. #7 he names. This is terthm Semperuiuum Diofcoridte, or Diof corides his thirde Sengreene, which he faith is cal- _ led of the Grecians dvS'efr/y* hi ldL > and ™**?™*: and of * theRomaines Illecebra, Plinie alfo witnefieththat the Latines name it Illecebra. Yet there is another bl&rxjm dyet*, and another n^ior. the Germains call this herbe fpaUtpfCffeG andfeat?0RttCU&fe* the French men Pain d' oifeau: t hcLowcoun- triemen05ii£f PsppCtJtheEnglifhmen Stonecropand Stonehore, little Stonecrop, Pricket, of fome Prickmadam, Moufetaile,wall Pepper 3 countrey Pepper 3 and lacke of the butterie. "k The temperature. This little herbe is fharpe and biting 3 and very hot. Being outwardly applied it raifeth bliftets, and at length exulcerateth. k Thevertues. It wafleth away hard kernels, and the kings euill 3 ifitbe laide vnto them, as Dio for ides writetb. The iuice heereof extraded or drawne forth & taken with vinegcr or other liquor 3 procureth vo- g mite 3 and bringeth vppe groffe and flegmatike humours, and alfo cholericke 5 and doth thereby of¬ tentimes cure the quartaine ague and other agues of long continuance 5 and giuen in this maner it is a remedie againft poifons inwardly taken. Of Orpyne. Qhap. 158 . ^ The deferiptiox. I ■*. He Spanifh Orpyne fendeth foorth round flalkes 3 thicke 3 flippcrie,hauing as it were little ioints 3 fomewhat red now and then about the roote: the leaues in like manner arc thicke, fmooth,grofte,full of tough iuice, fometimes (lightly nicked in the edges, broader leafed, & greater then thofe of Purflaine,otherwife not much vnlike,which by couples are fet oppoflte one againft another vpon euery ioint, couering the ftalke in order by two and two; the flowers in the rounde tufts are ofapaleyellowe: the roote groweth full ofbumpes like vnto longkirnels, waxing fharpe towarde the point: thefe kernels be white and haue firings growing foorth of them. 2 The feconde which is our common Orpyne, doth likewife rife vp with very many rounde ftalke s that are fmooth, but not iointed at all: the leaues are grofie or corpulent,thicke, broade,and often¬ times fomewhat nicked in die edges, leffer then thofe of the former, placed out of order: the flo¬ wer? 4i(S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE wers be cither red or yellowe, or elfe whitifh: the roote is white,well bodied,& full of kernels. This plant is very full oflife j the ftalks fet onely in claie continue greene a long time,andif they be nowe and then watered they alfo growe. We haue a wilde kinde of Orpyne growing in come fieldes,and fhadowie woods in moft places of Englande,in cche relpedt like that of the garden/auing that it is altogitherleffer. , it the place. They pro (per beftin fhadowie and ftonie places, in old wals made of Iome or ftone. Oribafhts laith that they grow in vineyardes and tilled places, i he firft groweth in gardens: the other eucrie where: the firft is much founde in Spaine and Hungarie: neither is Germanie without it; for it gro¬ weth vpon the bankes of the riuer of Rhenc neer the vineyards,in rough and ftonie places,nothing at all differing from that which is founde in Spaine. The feconde groweth plentifully both in Germanie, Fra uncc, Bohemia, Englande, and in other countries among vines,in olde lomie,daubed,and ftonie wals. it The time. The Orpynes flower about Auguft or before. it The names. The firft is that which iscallcdofthe Grecians t**a<?iov 3 v: of the Latincs Telephium^ & Semper imwmfylttettre", and Illccebra: but lllecebra by reafon of his fharpe and biting qualitre doth much differ from it, as we haue declared in the former chapter. Some there be that name or Portulaca fylueHrii’ yet there is alfo another Pcrtulaca fyluettris , or wilde Purflaine, like to that which groweth in gardens, but lefter: we may cal this in Englifh Spanifh Orpyne , Orpyne of Hun¬ garie,or iointed Orpyne. The fecondc kinde of Orpyne is called in (hops Craffula, and CrafJuL Fabaria^nd CraJfuUmaior, that it may differ from that which is deferibed in the chapter of little Houfleeke : it is named alfo Tab an a : in high Dutch &ttauettaUt 3 jf Jfotfissepn: in Italian Fab* g ra JF*i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 41 *p graffai in French loubarbe des vignes , F<r#* ejbcffe:\n lowe Dutch and^emel ^Juetel X in Englifh Orpync; alfo Liblong,or Liuclong. ^ The temperature. The Orpyns be colde and drie,and of thinne or fubtilc parts. The vertues. Dipfcorideshithphix. being Iaide on with vineger it taketh away the white morphew: Galen faith A the blacke alfo,which thing it doth by rcafon of the fcouring or clenfing qualitie that it hath: wher- upon Galen attributeth vnto it a hot facul tic,though the tafte fheweth the contrary,which forefaid fcouring qualitie dcclareth that the other two alfo be likewife colde. But colde things may as well clcnfc 3 if drincflc of temperature,and thinnes ofeflcnce be ioined withall. Ofthefmaller Orpins . Qhap. l 19 m 1 Telephitm for thus par purek. Purple Orpin. 2 Telephiumfimper virens. Neuer dying Orpin. *k The dejiription. 1 He Orpin with purple flowers is lower and leflcr than the common Orpin• the ftalkcs be flenderer,and for the moft part lie along vpon the ground. The leaues ate alio lefler,roun~ der,ofa more blew grecne, grofle,well bodied, handing thicker belowe than aboue jeon- fufcdly fet altogither without order. The flowers in the tuftes at the tops of the (talks be of a pale blew tending to purple. Therootesbenotfet withlumpes or knobbed kernels, but with a multi- tude ofhairic firings. 1 This fecond Orpin, as it is knowen to few, fohathit found no name, but that fome Herbarifts do call it Telephium Jemperviuum or vtrens\ for theflalkesof the other do wither in winter, the roote remaineth greene: but the ftalkes and leaues of this indure alfo the fharpnefte of winter, and therefore we may call it in Englifh Orpin euerlafting,or neuer dying Orpin. D d 1 * 7 hi 418 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The place. The flrft groweth not in Englande. The fecond I hauc in my garden,, where it flourifheth as be¬ fore fpecihed. ft The time. They flower when the common Orpin doth. # 7 he names. The names are fpccified in their feuerall deferiptions. •ft The temperature and vertues. Their temperature and faculties in working are referred vnto the common Orpin. OfTurjlane. Cha^A^o. it The kindes. T Hcrebcdiuers fortes or kindes of Purflanc; one of the garden,and another wildc: and alfo two of the fea, one phificall, the other a baftard kinde. I PortuUca domestic a. 2 PortuUcafylucftru. Garden Purflanc. Wilde Purflanc. it 7 he dejeription. i ^ He (hikes of the great Purflanc be,round, thicke, fomewhat red, full ofiuice, fmooth, glit- I tcrin g, and parted into certaine branches trailing vpon the ground: the leaues be an inch long,icmething brode,thicke, fat,glib, fomewhat greene,whiter on the neather fide: the flowers arc little, of a faint yellow, and growe out at the bottome of the leaues. After them fprin- get’ri vp a little huskc of'a grecne colour, of the bignes almoflof halfe a barlv corne, in which is finall blacke feede: the roote hath many firings. * . " a the HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 41 <? 2 The other is letter,and hath like ftalkes,but fmaller, and it fpreadeth on the ground: the leaues be like the former in fafhion,fmoothnes,and thicknes, but far letter* The place. The former is fitly fowen in gardens,and in the waics and alleis thereof being digged & dunged 5 ' it dclighteth to growe in a fruitfull and fat foile not drie. The other commeth vp of his owne accord in alleis of gardens and vineyardes, and oftentimes vpon rocks: thisalfois delighted with waterie places being once fowen, if it be let alone till the feede be ripe it doth eafily fpring vp afrefh for certaine yeeres after. k The time. It may be fowen in March orAprill; itflourifhethand isgreene inlune, and afterwardes cuen vntill winter. kThe names. Purflanc is called in Grceke dvf&X* '• ln Latine Portulaca: in high Dutch 'BUtliClfftflUtfin French poupier : in Italian Procacchia: in Spanifh VercLolagas : in Englifh Purflane and Porcelaine. T he temperature. Purflane is cold, and that in the third degree, and moift in the fecond: but wilde Purflane is not fo moift. k Thcvcrtues. Rawe Purflane is much vfed in fallads with oile, fait, and vineger; it cooleth an hot ftomack, and A prouoketh appetite; but the nourifhment which commeth hereof is little, bad, colde, grotte, and moift: being chewed it is good for teeth that are let on edge oraftoniedj the iuice doth the fame being held in the mouth,and alfo the diftilled water. Purflane is likewife commended againft woormes in yoong children, and is Angular good efpe- B cially if an ague be ioined: for it both allaies the oucr much heate,and killeth the woormes: which thing is done through the faltnes mixed therewith, which is not onely an enimie to woormes, but alioro putrefa&ions. The leaues of Purflane either rawe or boiled, and eaten as fallads, are good for thofethathaue C great heate in their ftomacks and inward partes, and doth coole and temper the inflamed blood. The fame taken in like manner is good for the bladder and kidneies, and allaieth the outragious luft of the bodie: the iuice alfo hath the fame vertue. The iuice of Purflane ftoppeth the bloody flixe,the fluxe of the hemorrhoides,monthly termes, D fpitting of blood, and all other fluxes wbatfoeuer. -2 - The fame throwen vp with a mother firing, cureth the inflammations, frettings, and vicerations E ofthematrixj and put into the fundament with a cliftcr pipe, helpeththe vicerations and fluxe of the guts. ■ ; The leaues eaten rawe,taketh away the paine of the teeth, and fafteneth them; and is good for F teeth that are fet on edge with eating of fharpe things. v/vvV* : The feede being taken,killeth and driueth foorth woormes,and ftoppeth thelaske. G Of fed c Purflane ) and of the bastarde grounde Tines^ Anthillis , orflunking ground "Tine, (fhap .izjj. k The dejtr 'iption. rim 1 C? Ea Purflane is not a herbe as garden Purflane, but a littleflirub: the ftalkeswhcrof be hard and wooddie : the leaues fat, full of fubftahee, like in forme to common Purflane, but whiter and harder : the flowers ftande roundabout the vpper parts of the ftalkes, asdoal- ^noft thofeofBlyte, or of Orach : neitheris the feede vnlike being broad and flat: therobteis wooddy, long Tailing, as is alfo the plant, which bearcth out the winter wich the lofie of a few leaues. ; j ^ .i •«. ... There is another feaPurflaine called Halimtu , or after Dodonatts Portulaca marina , *vhieh hath leaues like die former, but much whiter ( as though meale had beene ftreweei ouer them ) and fomewhat longer, not much vnlike the leaues of the Oliue tree. The branches are much greater, and the flowers of a deeper ouerworne herbic colour. Dd 2 1 Portiu THE SECOND BOOKE*'OF THE 4 *® I fortulaca marina. Sea Purflane. k The defer ip tion. There is founde another wildc Tea Purflane, ) whereof I hauc thought good to make menti¬ on $ which doth refemblethc kindes of Aizocs. The firft kinde groweth vpright withatrunke likcafmalltrecorfhrub, hauingmany vpright woodic braunchcs,ofan afhe colour , with ma» niethicke, darke, grecncleaues like the fmall Stone crop, called Vermicukrti •• the flowers are of an herbie yellowifh greene colour: the roots very harde and fibrous: the whole plant is of a fait tang tafte,and the iuice like that of Kaly. There is another kinde like the former, and differeth in that,this ftrange plant is greater,thc leauesmore fharpe and narrower, refembling . the common chamapitys , and the whole plant more woodie, and commeth neerc to the forme of a trce.The flowers are of a greenifh colour. k The place. The firft fca Purflane groweth in the fait mar- fhes neerc the fea fide, as you pafle ouer the Kings ferrey into the lie of Shepey, going to Sherlandchoufe,( belonging fometime to the Lord Chelny , and in 1590. vnto the right wor- fliipfull fir Edward Hobby ) faft by the ditches fides of the fame marfhit groweth plentifully in the lie of Thanct, as yee go from Margate to Sandwich, and in many other places along tbecoaft. The other forts growe vponbankes and heapes of fandeonthefea coaftsof Zelande, Flaunders, Hollande, and 1:1 like places in other countries, as befidcs the lie of Purbeck in Eng- lande 5 and on Rauen-fpurne in HoldernefIc,as I my felfe haue fecne. k The time. Thefe flourifh and flower cfpecially in Iuly. There be alfo founde other kindes hccrcof with whi- terleaues,longer, and like almoft to Oliuclcaucs ;and many times they be higher, and with tende¬ rer braunches, fuch as clufius vvriteth that he himfclfe (awe and obferued in Portingale 3 and in the kingdome of Valentia in Spaine. k The names. Sea Purflane is called fortulaca marina: in Grcekc it is alfo called in Latine Halmm: in Dutch *fZZ pO^CCleftte X in Englifh Sea Purflane. The baftard ground Pines are called of fbmc Chamapitys vermieulata , H&limtu , and ^dnthillis' in Englifh fca ground Pine. k Thetemperature. Sea Purflane is(as Galen faith) of vnlikeparts,but the greater part thereofis hotin amcanc,with a moifture vnconco<fted,and fomwhat windic. ; j: - k The venues. A The Ieaucs (faith Dioforicies) arc boiled to be eaten: a dramme waight of the rootc being drunkc withmeade or honied water, is good againft cramps and drawings awric offinewe$,burftings, and gnawings of the belly .-it alfo caufeth nurfes to haue ftore of milke. The leaues be in the Lowe coun¬ tries preferued in fait or pickle as capers arc, and bee ferued and eaten at mens tables in ftcede of them , and that without any miflikc of tafte, to which it is pleafant. Galen doth alfo report that the yoong and tender buds are woont in Cilicia to be eaten,and alfo laide vp in ftore for vfe. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 421 Of herbe Iue, or ground ‘Pine. Chap, 14.2. I Chimxpitys mas. , 2 Charnapitysfc&nina. The male ground Pine. The female ground Pine. it The description, 1 >' I’"* He commonkinde of cbAtn/epitys or groundc Pine, is a finall herbe and verie tender, cree¬ ping vpon the ground, hauing (mall and crooked braunches trailing about. Thcleaues be fmaIl,narrow,& hairic,in fauour like the firre or Pine tree: but ifmy fence of fmelling be perfect, me thinkes it is rather like vnto the fmell of hempe. The flowers be little and of a pale yel¬ low colour^and lomtimes whiterthe roote is finall and fingle,and of a woodie fubftancc. 2 1 he fecond kinde hath in like maner finall and tender braunches, browne and hairie, verie like vnto the former: from which grow finall hairic leaues, much elouen or cut,almoft like iagged Ger¬ mander. The flowers ar. of a pin pie colour, and growe about the flalkes in roundles like the dead Nettell. The feede is blacke and roundc,and the whole plant fauourcth like the former. 3 This kinde of herbe Iue, growing for the mofl part about Montpelier in Ftaunce, is the leaffc of allhis’kinde, hauing-fiiiall 5 white,and rough leaues and ycllowe flowers, in lmell and proportion like vnto the others,but much fmaller. There is a wilde or baftard kinde of ch&niAp'itys^ or ground Pine, that hath leaues fomewhat like vnto the fccond kinde, but not iagged in that manner, only diuiding themfelues into diners flender ftalks.The roote is fomewhat bigger,and like vnto the roote of Succorie, There is a baftarde kinde of chamepitys that hath long and finall braunches, difperfing it felfe fat about vpon the ground.The leaues are fomwhat broader then the Iaft mentioned,being of a ftrong fmell and bitter tafle:the feedes (to the view)like vnto the feeds of Cluridea Tricoccos-^oi Widowe waile,being fower in number,and let in good order within a little chalice: the roote is greater then any ofthe reft. Pd 3 There THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE '& The dcficnption. There is another kind that hath many ten¬ der branches, befee with little Icai'.es for the mod part three togithe-r, almod likethclcau.es ofRofe- tnarie: at the top of which braunches growe (len¬ der white flowers , which being turned outwardc (that the inner fide may be feene) do fomewhat re- lemble the flower of Lamium: the feede is like the feede of Spuria altera. There groweth in Auftrich a kindc of cham*pytu y which is a mod: braue & rare plant,& of great beau- tie; yet not once remembred cither of the auncicnc or newe writers, vntill of late that famous Carolus Cluflus had fet it foorth in his Pannonickc traucis, who for his Angular skill and induflrie hath wonne the garlande from all that haue written before his time. This rare and drange plant I haue in my gar¬ den, growing with many fquareftalkes ofhalfea foote high, befbt euen from the botreme to the top with ieaues lo like our common Rofemarie,that it is hard for him which doth not know it exadlly to fade the difference; being greenc aboue,and fomwhat hairic and hoarie vnderneathiamong which come foorth rour.de about the ftalks(afrer the mancr of roundles or crownets) certaine fmali cups or chalices.of a reddifh colour,out of which come the flowers like vnto Archangeilin fhape,but of a moil excellent and (lately mixed colour; the out fide purple declining to blcwncde, and fomtimes of a violet colour. The flower gapeth like the mouth of a bead, dnd hath as it were a white toong, the lower and vpper iawes arc white I kewife, fpotted with many bloudie fpots: which being pad, the (cedes appeeie very long, of a fhining blacke colour 3 fet in order in thefmallhuskes, as the cham&pytis Spuria. The rootc is blacke and harde,with many capillaments or hearie drings fadned thereto. it T he place. Tiled kinds of chamtpytis (except the two lad) grow veric plentifully in Kent, cfpecial'y about Gw mes aide, Cobham, Southfleetc, Horton, Dartforde, and Sutton, and not in anic other (hire in England diatcucr I could finde. That kinde of chamapitys which beareth the white flower,I haue not as yet feene. # The tme. They flower in lone and often in Augud. ■fr 7he names. Ground Pine is called in Greek xtwu™ws :inLadne ibsga^AiugatcAbiga: in (hops Itta Artherica , & lux mofihati: in Italian //win Spanith cham.mteos : in high Dutch Qf&tfffCSl UTlCf)UiC&tJ in Iowc Dutch elicit sO p^Ey X in French lue mofihste : in Englifh herbe Iuie, Forget me not, grounde Pine, and fielde Cyprefie. v? The nature. Thefe herbes are hot in the fecond degree and drie in the third. */,* The vert ms. A The lcaues of chamapytis tunned vp in ale,or infufed in wine,or fbdden with hony, and drunkcby the fpace of eight or ten daics 3 curcth the iaundies,the Ifchiatica, the doppings of the liuer, the dif- ficultieof making water, the doppings of thefplcenc, and caufethwomen to haue their naturall (icknes. B chamapytis damped greenc with honiecurcth wounds,maJignant and rebellious vlcers,anddifi folueth the hardnes of womens breds or paps, and profitably helpeth againd poifbn, or biting of any venemous bead. C The dcco&ion drunke, diflToIueth congealed blood, and drunke with vineger driueth foorth the dead childe. D It denfeth the inrrals: it helpeth the infirmities of the liuer and kidneies: it cureth the yellow iaundies being drunke in wine : itbringethdowne the deli red ficknes,andprouokethvrinc: being boiled m Meade or honied water and drunke, it helpeth the Scianicain fortie daies. The people of Hera- 3 lua Mufiata rnexfieliaca. Herbe Iue,or grounde Pine. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 44? Heraclea in Pontus do vfe it againft Wolfes banc in fteed ofa counterpoifon. The powder hereoftaken in pilswithafig, mollifteth the belly ; it wafteth away the hardnes of E the paps; it healeth wounds 5 it cureth putrified vlcers being applied with honie : and thefe things the firft ground Pine doth performe, fo doth the other two $ but not fo effe&iially, as witnelfeth T)ioJcorides. Clufuu of whom mention wasmade,hath not faid any thing of the vertuesof chamtpytii'^fu- F firtaca’, but verily I thinke it better by many degrees for the purpofes aforefaid:my conieChire I take from the tafte, fmcll, and comely proportion of this herbe, which is more pleafing and familiar to the nature of man,than thofc which ivchaue plentifully in our owne countrie growing. r y\ \y • Of Jfauefaoort 3 or c Pennimort of the wall. Chap. 14 . 3 . r • r 1 2 \ * l VmbilicusVeneru. 2 Vmbilicus Veneris minor* Wall Penniwoort. Small Nauelwoo it. •de The defeription. 1 He great Nauelwoort hath round and thicke Ieaues, fbmewhat bluntly indented abouc the edges, andfomewhat hollow in themidft on the vpper part, hauing afhort tender Item fattened to the midft of the leafe , on the lower fide vnderneath the ftalke, whereon the flowers do grow,is fmall and hollow,an handfull high and more, befet with many fmall flowers of an ouerworne incarnate colour.The roote is round like an oliuc of a white colour. 2 The fccondkinde of Wall Pennywoort or Nauelwoort, hath broad thicke leaties r fomewhat deeply indented about the edges, & are not fo round as the Ieaues of the former,but fomwhat long like toongs,fpred vpon the ground in maner of a tuft, fet about the tender ftalke, like to Sengreene or Houfleeke; among which rifeth vp a tender ftalke whereon do grow the like Ieaues. The flowers ftandonthe top conftftingoffiue fmall Ieaues of a white colour. The root is fmall and threddie.. Dd 4 3 Cotyledon ,-s the second booke of the i ^ 3 Cotyledon palullris. Water Penny woorce ' The defer if tion* 3 There is a kindc of Nauelwoort, that grow- eth in waterie places, which is called of the huf- bandman Sheepesbane,bicaufe it killeth fheepe that do eate thereof: it is not muchvnlike the precedent, but the round edges of theleaues are not fo euen as the other j and this creepeth vpon the ground,and the other vpon (lone wals. ft The place. Thefirftkindcof Pennywocrt groweth plen¬ tifully in Northampton vpon euery ftone wall about the towne, at Briftowe, Bathe, Weis; and moil places of the weft countrie vpon ftone wals. It groweth vpon Weftminfterabbay, ouer the doorc that leadeth from Chaucer his tombe to theolaepalace. The fecond groweth vpon the Alpes neere Piedmont, andBauier, and vpon the mountaines of Germany : Ifounde the fame growing vpon Bieftoncaftellin Chefhire. ft The time. They are greene and flourifh efpecially in win¬ ter : they flowre in the beginning of fommer. ft The names. Nauelwoort is called in Greeke in JLatine Vmbilicm Veneris, and ^Hcetabulun : of diners Herb a Coxendicum: lacobm cManlim na- meth it Scatumcali, and Scatellum : in Dutch jfpfa r.elCritPt : in Italian Cupertoiule : in French Ejcu- dies : in Spanifh Capa della : of fome Hortm Vene- ris, or Venus garden, and Terra vmbilicm , or the Nauellof the earth: in Englifh Pennywoort,Wall Penny woort,Ladies nauel!,and Hipwoort. Water Pennywoort is called in Latinc Cotyledon palufiris : in Englifh Sheepes killing Penny- grade , Penny rot, &in the north countrie White rot: for there is alfo Red rot, which is Rofa\folu y in Northfolke it is called Flowkwoort. ft The temperature. Nauelwoort is of a tnoift fubftancc and fomewhat colde, and of a certaine obfeure binding qua- litie: itcooleth, repelleth, or driueth backe, fcowrethandconlumeth, or waftethaway, as Galen teftifieth. Q The venues. A The iuice of Wall Pennywoort is a fingular remedie againft all inflammations and hot tumors, as Eryfipelas,Saint Anthonies fire,and fuch like: and is good for kibed heeles, being bathed there¬ with, and one or more of the leaues laid vpon the heele. B The leaues and rootes eaten do breake the ftone, prouoke vrine, and preuaile much againft the dropfie. G The ignorant Apothecaries do vfe the Water Pennywoort in fteade of this of the wall, which they cannot do without great error, and much danger to the patient: for husbandmen know well, that it is noifome vneo fheepe^ and other cattell that feede thereon, and for the moft part bringeth death vnto them 5 much more to men, by a ftronger reafon. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4*5 f . • > .. . * Of Sea Temjxtoort. Q ia T 144* I Androface Mathioli, Sea Hauell woort* a ^yfndroface annua fpurta. One fommers Nauell woort. k The defeription, 1 v He Sea Nauelwoort hath many round thicke Ieaues like vnto litde lancers, let vpon (mall I and tender ftalkes,bright,fhining and fmooth,of two inches long,for the molt part grow¬ ing vpon the furrowed backs of the fhell fifh called Chamaconchaf. uery (mall Item bearing vpon the end or point, one little buckler and no more, refemblinga nauell; the ftalkc and lea!e let togither in the middle of the fame. Whereupon the Herbarifts of Montpelier haue called it Vmbilicus Mxrinusfsc Sea Nauell. I he Ieaues and ftalkes of this plant, whileft they are yet in the water, arc of a pale afhe colour, but being taken foorth, rheyprdently waxe white > as SeaMoiTe called Corallintt )or the {hell of a Cockle. It is thought to be barren of leede, and is in tafte faltifh and bitter. It were amaruelltoconlider (as I h me done) how far, euen the bed: writers haue beene deceiuedinthe defeription of this plant. But we muft remember, that no man liuing knowethall things,and \^Alicpirndo bonus dorm it at Homer tts: it is a good horfe that ncuer ftumbleth. 2 The fecond Androfece hath little fmooth Ieaues, fpred vpon the ground like vnto the Ieaues of fmall Chickweede, orHennebit, whereof doubtlefte it isakinde: among which rifethvpa (len¬ der ftem,hauing at the top certainc little chaffie flowers of a purplifh colour. The (cede is contei- ned infinallfcaley huskcs,of a reddifh colour,and a bitter tafte. The whole plant perifheth when it hath perfe&cd his feede, and muft be fowen againc the next yeere,which plant was giuen to Ma- thtolus by Cortufus , who ( as he affirmeth ) receiued it from Syria; but I thinke he (aide (o to make ' M'lthiolm more ioifull: but furely I (Iirmile he picked it out ofoneolde wall or other, where it doth growe euen as the (mall Chickweede, or Nailcwoort of the wali do. k The place. K^indrofees will not growe any where but in water: great ftore there is ofit about Trontignan by Monpelliers in Languedoc , where cuery fillier man doth knowe it. The leconde groweth vponolde (tone andmudde wals :notwithftandingIhauc (the more to grace Mathiolus great iew r ell) planted it in mygarden. k The time. The haftarde ^Androjkce flowreth in Inly,and the feede is ripe in Auguft. k 7 he names. Androfaces is offome called Fmbiljcm marinas pi fea Nauell# t.HV. . "hvO • & thi 4 iS THE SECOND BOOK.E OF THE it The temperature. ThefeaNauell is of a diureticke qualitie, and more dric then Galen thought it to be,and Idle hot then others haue deemed it: there can no moiflure be found in it. it 7 he vertucs. A SeaNauellwoort prouokcth vrinc, and digefteththefilthineffeandflimineffe gathered in the iointes. . Two drams of it, as Diofcorides faith, drunke in wine^bringethdowne great (tore of vrineoutof their bodies that haue the dropfie,and maketh a good plaifler to ceafe the paine of the gout. R ho did radix. Rofewoort roote. Of "Rrtsemort) or c Rose roote. Chap. 14 . 5 . it 7 he deferiptIon. W\W' R Ofewoort hath manie fmall 3 thicke, and fat flems, growing from a thicke and knobby rooue 3 thevpper end of it for the moft part flandeth out of the ground, and is there of apur- plifh colour, bunched and knobbed like the roote ofOrpin 3 with many hairie firings hanging there¬ at, of a pleafant fmeli when it is broken 3 like the damaske Role, whereof it tookehis name. The leaues are let rounde about the /hikes, euen from thebottometothe toppe, like thole of the fielde Orpin 3 but narrower and more fnipt about the edges. The flowers growe at the top of a faint yellowe colour. The place. It groweth very plentifully vpon fundry moun- taines in the north part of England, efpecially in a place called Ingleborough Fels 3 ncere vnto the brooke fides, and not elfe where that I can as yet findeout, from whence I haue had plants for my garden. it The time. It flowreth and flourifheth inluly 3 and the feed is ripe in Auguft. it The names. Some haue thought it hath taken the name Rhodia of the Hand in the Mediterranean fea,cal- led Rhodes: but doubtleffe it tooke his name Rha* dia radix , of the roote,which fmelleth like a Role: in Englifh Rofe roote,and Rofe woort. itTheruertues. A There is little extantin writing of the faculties of Rofewoort: but this I haue founde, that if the roote be damped with oilc of Rofes and laide to the temples of the head 3 it eafeth the painc of the head. Of Sawpier. Chap.1^6. x itThekindes. The later Herbarifts haue obferued eertainc kindes of Sampier,as fhall be declared. HISTORIE I Crithmum marinum. Rockc Sampicr. 3 Crithmum chryjdnthemum. Golden Sampler. OF PLANTS. 4:7 2 CrithmumJiimfum. Thorny Sampicr. # The deferi^tion. 1 T) Ocke Sampler hath many fat and thicke Icaues, fomcwhaclike thole of the ledcr Purflane, of a fpicie tafte with a ccrtaine faltnefle; among which rifeth vp a ftalke, diuided into many fmall ipraies or /prigs; on the top wher- of dogrowe fpokie tuftes of white flowers, like the tuftes of Fenell or Dill; after which commeth the (cede like the (cede of Fenell,but greater. The roote is thick and knobbie,being of/mell delight¬ ful! andpleafant. 2 Thefecond Sampicr called Pajlwac&marixa, or Sea Par/hcp, hath long fat leaues, very much iaggedorcut eucn to the middle lib, flharpeor prickley pointed ^ which are /ec vpon large fat iointed ftalkes ; on the top whereof do growe tuftes ofyellovvifh flowers. The feede is wrap¬ ped in thornic huskes. The roote is thicke and long, not vnlike to the Par/hep, very good and wholefome to be eaten. 3 Golden Sampicr bringeth foorth many /Talks from one roote, compa/led about with a multi¬ tude of long fat leaues, fet togirher by equall di- ftances ; at the toppe whereof come ycllowe flowers. The feede is like thofe of the Rocke Sampler. *k The 4*8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE k The place. Rocke Sampier groweth on the rocky clifFcs at Doucr,Winchelfey,hy Rie,about Southampton, the ylc of Wight,and moft rockcs about the weft: and north weft parts of England. The fecond groweth ncciethe lea vpon thefands, andBayche bctwcenc Whitftablc and the Vie ofThanet 5 by Sandwich,and by the Sea Ueere Weftchefter. The third groweth in the mirieMarfh in the ylc of Shepey, as you go from the Kings ferrieto Shetland houfe. k 7 he time. Rocke Sampler flourifhcth in May and Iune,and inuft be gathered to bekept in picked in the be¬ ginning of Auguft. k The names. Rocke Sampier is called in Grceke : in Latine alfo Crithmum, and of diners Bati: in fome fhops Crete, mar in a: of Beirut Crejcentim , Cretamum, and Rincum marinum: in high Dutch f^nCljEllx which is in Latine Fxmculusmarinut, or Sea Fcnell: in Italian Fenocchio marino , Herb a d,i San Pietro, and hereupon diuers name it Sampetra : in Spanifh Per ex tide la mer, Hinoiomarino , Fenolmarin: inEnglifh Sampier, and Rocke Sampier, and of fomeCrcftmarine; and thefe be the names of the Sampler generally eaten in faliads. The other twobealToCr/Mw^,or Satirpicrs, but moft of the later writers would drawe them to fome other plant : for one calleth die fecond Pattinaca marina, or Sea Parfnep,and the third After- attic m : but we had rather entertaine them, as Matthiolus doth,among the kindes of Crithmum, or Sampier* k The temperature. Sampier doth dne,wamie,andfeowre,as Galeniaxth. k Th vertues. A The leaties, feedes, and rootes, as Diofcorides faith, boiled in wine and drunke, prouoke vrinc* and womens ftcknes,and preuaile againft the iaundies. B The leaues kept in pickle,and eaten in faliads with oilc and vineger,is a pleafant fauce for meate, who!feme for the ftoppings of the liner, milt,kidneies, and bladder: itprouokcth vrine gendy 5 it openeth the ftoppings of the intrals,and ftirreth vp an appetite to meate. C It is the pleaianteft fauce,moft familiar, and beft agreeing with mans bodie, both for digeftion of meates,breaking of the ftone,and voiding of grauellin the reines and bladder. Of (Jlajfe Salmoort. Chap.i^j. k Thshndcs. T Here be very many kindcs of Glaffe woorts, as it is euident not oncly in the bookes of the latei Hcrbarifts,biit in Amen alfo,and in Serapio. k The deferipiion. 1 Laffewoort hath many grofte,thicke and round ftalkes afoote high, full offatandthickc I j" lprigs,fet with many knots or ioints, without any leaues at all, ofareddifhgrecnc colour. The whole plant relembleth a branch of Corall.Thc roote is very finall and fingle. There is anotherkinde ofSakwoort, which hath beene taken among the ancient herbarifts fora kindeof Sampler. It hath a little tender ftalke a cubit high, diuided into many Ifnall branches, fee full of little thicke leaues very narrow,fomewhat long and fharpe pointed,yet not pricking; among which commeth foorth (mail feede, wrapped in a crooked huske, turned round like a crookcdper- wiakle.The ftalkes are of a reddifh: olour. The whole plant is of a fait and biting tafte. The roote is finall and threddie. There is likewife another fert of whereof make th mention vnder the name Crith• mm ,which is like vnto the laft before remembrcd 3 but altogither Icffer. I SalkornU HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 429 I StUcornu. GlaflcwoortjOr Saltwoort. ic The thee. Thcfc plants arc to be founde in fait marfhes al- mofteucry where. •& The time. They flower and flourifh in the foramer mo- nethes. # The names. Saltwoort is called of the Arabians Kali , and Alkali.^Auicenm his 724.chapter deferibeth them vnder thenameof Vfncn, -which differeth from Vf. nee: for yfnee is that which the Grecians cali gfv’oy, and the Latines Mufcus 3 orMc-iTe ; of fome Em~ fetron. The axen or afhes hereof is named of Mattham Situations, Soda : ofmoft S'al^ytlkali : diners call it Alumcn cat mum. Others make this kindeof diffe¬ rence betweene Sal Kali and . w Alumcn catinum, that K-Alumen catinum is the afhes i t felfe. and that the fait that is made ofthe afne'sds Sal Alkali. Stones are beaten to powder, and mixed with afhes, which being melted togither become the matter whereof glafies are made. Which while it is made red hot in thefornace and is melted, be- comming liquide and fit to worke vpon, doth yeeld as it were a fat floting aloft \ which, when it is cold, vvaxeth as hard as a ftonc, yet it is brittle, and quickly broken. This is commonly called Axungia •vitri : in Englifh Sandeucr .* in French Sum de votrre: in Italian F'tor deChrikUl,x\\2X is,the flower of Chriflall. The herbe is alfo called of diners Kali articulatumpi iointed Glaflewoort ♦ and in Englifh Crab gr jfle.and Frog grade. ft 7 he temperature. v Glaflewoort is hot and drie: the afhes are bo th drier and hotter, and that euen to the fourth de¬ gree :fhe afhes hauc a cauftickeor burning qualitie. ft Thevertues. A little quantitie of the herbe inwardly taken, doth not onely mightily prouoke Vrine, but in like A fort cafteth foorth the dead childe. Itdrawcthfoorth by fiege waterifh humors, and purgeth away the dropfie. A great quantitie taken,ismifchieuous and deadly. The fmell and flnoke alfo of this herbe being B burntjdothdriueawayferpents. . ' v The afhes are likewife tempered with thofe medicines, tbatferue to takeaway fcabs and filth of C the skin: it eafily confumeth proud and fuperfluous flefh that groweth in poifonfome vlcers 3 as Aui - ten and Serapio do report. p" We reade in the copies of Serapio , that Glaflewoort is a tree lb great, that a man may ftande vn- D der the fhadow thereof: but it is very like, that this error proceedeth rather from the interpreter, than frpm the author himfclfe. The flower of Chriflall,or (as they commonly tei;mc it,the fat of Glafle)doth woonderfuliy drie. E It eafily taketh away fcabs and mangin$fle, ifthefottie partes be wafliedand bafhed with the water wherein it is boiled vm'ni ; t * Of !i - : . -a , T * ThmjhrPption. . . r T ^Horowe waxe or ThotoWe’Ieafe,hafh afdiind,{lender,and brittle fla!kc,diuided intrrrna- nie final! braUtlches,wHicb f pkflfe or go tbbroW thVkTkilfei,'^ thotfgH they had beeii drawn or thruft thorowe,and(to make it more plainc) cuerybraunchdoth growthorowe euerie leufe. f *>v •jv; 0 -w|ri 43 © THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Icafe,making them like hollowe cups or fawcers. The (cede groweth infpokie tufts or rundelslike Dill, Jongandblackifh. The flowers are of a faint yello we colour. The roote is Angle, white, and threddie. 2 Codded thorowc waxe reckoned by Dodonaus among the Braflickcs or Colewoorts, and ma¬ king it a kinde thereof, and calling it BrapcaJilueHris perfoliata : though in mine opinion without rcalbn,Ath it hath neither fhape,affinitic,nor likenefle with any of the Colewoorts, but altogither moftvnlikc, refembling very well the common Thorowe waxe; whercuntol rather referre it. It hath fmall,tender,and brittle ftalks two footc high, bearing leaues, which wrap and inclofc them- lelues round about,although they do not run thorowc as the other do, yet they grow in fuch maner, that vpon the fudden viewe thereof, they Icemc to pafle thorowe as the other: vpon the Imall braunchesdo growe little white flowers: which being paft, there fucceede {lender and long cods like thofe of Turneps or Nauewes, whole leaues and cods do fomewhat refemble the fame, from whence it hath the name Napifolia, that is, Thorowe waxe with leaues like vnto the Nauewc. The roote is long and Angle,and dieth when it hath brought foorth his leede. There is a wilde kinde hcercof growing in Kent, in inanyplaces among the corne, like vnto the former in echrefped, butaltogithcr Idler: the which no doubtbrought into the garden woulde prooue the very fame. I Perfoliatx'vulgaris . Common Thorowc waxe. 2 PerfoVata fifyuofi. Codded Thorowe waxe. ' riic & The place. They growe in the gardens oFHcrbarifts,and in my garden likewile. ie T he time. •,- T They flower in Maic and Iune,and their leede is ripe in Augiift. it The names* _ It hath bcene called from the beginning Pcrfoliata , bicaule the ftalke doth pafle thorowe the teafe, following the fignification of Sic fame: wc call it in Englilh Thorpwc waxe, or Thprowc leafe. . ( ; i ! rf-t n . ' i ■i ! T. Ji ' j J • Ji • J I ^7 he HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 43 * & The temper Atnre. Thorowc waxe is of a dric complexion. •fc Thevertues. The dcco&ion of Thorowc waxe made of water or winc,healcth wounds. The iuice is excellent A for wounds made cither into an oile or vnguent. The greenclcaues ftamped,boiled with waxc,oilc,rofin and turpentine, maketh an excellent vn- B guent or faluc to incarnate,or bring vp flelh in deepe wounds. Of Home wort. Chap . 1 ^ 9 . I Cerinthe mxior. Great Honie woort. 2 Cerinthe minor. Small Honie woort. The description. I Erinthe or Honie woort, rifeth foorth of tne groundc after the lowing of his leede, with f . two linall leaues like thole ofBalilljbetwccnc the which leaucs commeth foorth a tnickc, fat, fmooth, tender, and brittle ftalkc full of iuice, that diuideth it lelfe into many other braunches: which alio arc diuided in fundric other armes or braunches likewile, crambling or lea¬ ning toward the groundc, being not able without props to fuftainc it felfe , by realon of the great waight of leaues, braunches, and much iuice, the whole plant is furcharged with: vpon which braunches arc placed many thicke,rough Icaues, fet with veryfharpe prickles like the rough skin of a Thorncbacke,of a blewifh greene colour, fpotted very notablie with white ftrakes & fpots,likc thofe leaues of the true Pulmonaria or Cowllips of Icrufalem, and in lhape like thole of the codded Thorowe waxe,which leaucs do clippe or imbrace the ftalks round about: from the bofome wher- ofcorne foorth liiull clufters of ycllo we flowers, with a hoopeorbande of bright purple rounde about the middle of the ycllowe flower. The flower is hollo we, fafhioned like a little boxe, of the taftc of honie when it is fucked, in the hollownefle wherof,are many fmall chiues or tbreds$ which beinc;pafl: 5 there fuccecdeth round blacke feed,conteincd in loft skinnie huskes. The root perifheth at the firft approch of winter. 2 Pliny 432. THE SECOND BOOKE OF .THE 2 Pliny fetteth foorth another Cerinthc or Honie woort, which Dodonam in his laft Edition cal- leth it hath {mall, long, and {lender braunches, reeling this way and that way, as not able to fuftaine it fclfe, verie brittle, befet with leaues not much vnlike the precedent, but lefler, neither fo rough nor fpotted,ofa blcwifh greene colour. The dowers be {mail, hollow,and yellow. The feede is fmall, roundc, and as blacke as icat: the which dieth as the former. There is no taftc, either of honie or waxc in the flowers or leaues, as the name doth feemc to import, neither the for¬ mer,but onely in the flowers which are exceeding fwcetc. The place. Thcfe plants do not growc wilde in Englandc,yet I hauc them in my garden; the feedes whereof 1 reccaued of the right honorable the Lord Zouch , my honorable good friend. •fy The time. They flower from Maie to Auguft,and perifhe at the firfl: approch of winter, and mult bee fowen againe the next fpring. The temperature and vertues. Plinie and i^fuiccn feemc to agree, that thefeherbes are of a coldc complexion, notwith{lan¬ ding there is not any experiment of their vcitucs woorth the writing. Of Saint Iohfis woort. Chap. 150 . 1 Hypericum. Saint Iohns woort. 2 Hypericum SyrUnum. Rewc Saint Iohns woort. tfr The defeription. i £ Aint Iohns woort hathbrownifh {hikes, belct with many final! and narrowe leaues, which j if you behold betwixt your eies and the light, doe appeercas it were bored or thruft tho- rovv in an infinite number of places with pins points. The braunches diuide themfelues in¬ to fundne fin^ll twigs, actnetop whereof ciogrowemanyycllowe flowers, which with the leaues bribed do yeclde a reddim iuiceor tue colour of bloode. The {cede is conteined in little fharpe 4" pointed V. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. - 433 pointed huskes blacke of colour, and finelling like rofin.The roote is long, yellow, and ofa wooddy fubftance. • 2 Thefecondkindeof S.Iohns woort named Siriactm^ of thole that haue not fecne the fruitfull and plentiful fields of England, wherein it groweth abundantly, hauing fmall leaues almoll like to Rew,or Herbe grace, wherein Dodoneus hath failed, intituling the true Androfemwn , with th e name oikutafylueftriS) whereas indeede it is no more like Rew, than an apple to an oilier. This plant is altogither like the precedent,butfmaller,wherein confiileth the difference. 3 Hypericum foment ofum L'Obelij. Woolly S Johns woort. it The description. 3 Woolly S.Iohns woort hath many finall wcake branches trailing vpon the ground, befet with many little leaues, coueredouer with a certainefoftkindc ofdowninefle; among which commeth foorth weake and tender branches,chargcd with fmall pale yellow {lowers. The leedes and rootes are like vnto the true S.Iohns woort. it The place. They grow very plentifully in the pallures in eue- rycountrie. it The time. They flower and flourifhfor the moll part in Iuly and Auguft. it The names. S.Iohns woort is called in Gre eke ■foktxov: in La- tine Hypericum : in (hops Perforata : of diners Fuga D.amonum ; in Dutch g>aH 3 fCfjait£ kfOUt i in Italian Hyper ico : in Spanifh Caraconzillo: in French c Mile pertuys: in Englifh S.Iohns woort,or S.Iohns grade. it The temperature. S.Iohns woort,as Galen teacheth,is hot and drie,being of fubllance thinne. it The vertues. S.Iohns woort,with his flowers and feede boiled and drunken,prouoketh vrine,and is right good A againft the Hone in the bladder,and ftoppeth the laske. The leaues llamped are good to be laide vpon burnings, lcaldings,and all wounds 3 and alio for B rotten and filthie vlcers. The leaues, flowers,and feedes llamped, and put into a glafle with oile oliue, and fct in the hot Q funnefor ccrtaine weekes togither, and then llrained from thofeherbes, and the like qu anti tie of new put in,and funned in like maner,doth make an oile of the colour of blood,’ which is a moll pre- tious remedy for deep wounds,& thefe that are thorovv the bodie, for finewes that are prickt, or any - wound made with a venomed weapon. I am accultomed to make a compound oile hereof, the ma¬ king of which yec fhali recciue at my hands, bicaufe that Iknowe in the world there is not a better, no not natural! Ballam it felfe; for I dare vndertake to cure any fuch wound, as ablolutelyineach relpedt, if not looner and better,as any man whatfoeucr flhall or may with naturall Ballam. Take white wine two pintes,oile oliue fower pounds,oile of turpentine two pounds, the leaues, D flowers, and leedes of S Iohns woort,of each two great handfuls gently brufed 5 put them all togi¬ ther into a great double glafie Sc let it in the funne eight or tendaies; thenboile them in the fame glafle per Balneum Marta, that is,in a kettle of water, with fome ftrawe in the bottome, wherein the glafle mud Hand to boile; which done, llraine the licour from the herbes, and do as you did before, putting in the like quantitie ofherbes,flowers,andleedes,butnotany more wine. Andfo haueyou a great lecrct for the purpofes aforefaid. Diofcorides faith,that the feede drunke for the Ipaccof fortiedaies togither, cureththe Sciatica, E and all aches that happen in the hips. The fame author faith,that being drunke with wine,it taketh away tertian and quartan agues. F The 1 Of 434 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfS.Teters woort flrjquare S.fohnsgraJJe. Chap.x^i, %^ 4 fiyrot». S.Pecers woorr* # The definition. S Aint Peters woort groweth to the height of a cubit and a halfe, hauing a ftraight vp- right fquare ftalkc, fomewhat brownest by couples at certaine diftances with leauesmuch like thofe of S.Iohns woort 5 but greater ; from the bofome of which leaues come foorth ma¬ ny limllcr leaues , the which are not bored through as thole of S. Iohns woort are: yet fom- time there be fome fewlecnelo bored through. The flowers grow at the top of the branches of a yellow colour: the leaues and flowers when they arc brufed, do yeeld foorth a bloodic iuicc, as doth S.Iohns woort,whereof this is a kinde. The rootc is tough and of a wooddie fubftance. ie The place. S.Peters woort 3 or fquare S.Iohns grafIe,grow- eth plentifully in the North part of England, dpecially in Landefdale and Crauen. I haue found it in many places of Kent, elpcially in a Cops by Mailer Sidleyes houfe,neere Southfleet. & The time. It flourcth and flourifheth when Saint Iohns woort doth. #7 he names. It is called in Greeke the Latineshauc no other name but this Greeke name Afiyron. It is tailed of fome Androfimtrn : Galen makcrh it both akindeofTutfan, and S.Iohns woort; and faith it is named Afiyron and Afiyroides : inEng- lifh S. Peters woort. Square or great S. Iohns gralle: and oflome Hardhay.Fcvv Apothecaries do knowe it from S.Iohns woort. ^ The temperature. This herbe is of temperature hot and drie. * The verities. It is endued with the fame vertues that Silohns woort is indued withall. The leede,faith Diofio - rides , being drunke in fower ounces and a halfe of Meade, doth plentifully purge by liege, chole- sicke excrements. Galen doth likewile affirme the fame. QfTutfan, or c ParJ\e leaues . Chap.ijz. The defeription. T He ftalkes ofTutlan be ftraight,round,chamfered or crefted,hard and wooddie,being for the moll part two foote high. The leaues are three or fower times bigger than thole of S. Iohns woort, which be at the firft greene; afterwardes, and in the end of Sommer of a darke red co¬ lour. Out of which is prefted a iuicc not like to blacke blood, but to Claret or Galcoine wine. The flowers are yellow, and greater than thofe of S. Peters woort: after which rifeth vp a little round head or berrie, firft greene, afterwardes red, laftof all blacke, wherein is contdnedyellovvifhrcd feede.The rocte is hard,woodic,and of long continuance. Clymcnott I HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 435 Clymenoxi Italorum. Tutfan,or Parke leaues. ^ The place. Tutfan grovveth in wooddes, and by hedges, efpecially in Hampftecd wood, where the Golden ( rod doth growe, in a wood by Railie in Eflcx, and many other places. k 7 he time. It flowreth in Inly and Auguft. The feede in the meanc time waxeth ripe. The leaues become red in Autumne ; at that time is very cafiiy pfciTcd foorth his winie iuicc. k 7 he names. It is called in Greek cdvJ'&Totuoy. and the Latines alio ^Aniroftmon ; it is likewife called Dionyjtas, as Galen witnefleth. They are farfrom thctrutb,that take it to be Clymenum , and it is needlefle to finde fault with their error: it is alfo called Sicilian *, and Herb a Sicilian a : in Englifh Tutfan, and Parke leaues. k The temperature. The faculties are fuch as S.Peters woort,which doth fufficiently declare it to be hot and drie. k Thevertues. The feede hereof beaten to powder, and drunke \ to the weight of two drams, doth purge cholericke excrements,as Diofcorides writeth, and is a lingular remedie for the Sciatica, prouided that the patient do drinke water for a day or two after purging. The herbe curerh burnings, and applied vpon B new woundes, it ftancheth the blood, and healeth them. The leaues laide vpon broken fhins and fcabbed legs, healeth them, and many other hurtes and C griefcs,whcreofit tooke his name Tout faine,or Tutfane,ofhealing all things. Ofthe great Centorie . Chap.rj 3 . kThe description. T He great Centorie bringeth foorth round fmooth ftalkes, three cubits high: the leaues are long, diuidedas it were in many parcels like to thofeof the Walnut tree, fomewhat fnipt about the edges like the teeth ofafawe. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes in fcaiie knaps like the great Knap weede,the middle thrums wherof are of a light blew,or skie colour; when the feede is ripe,the whole knap or head turneth to a downie lubftance,like the head of an Artichok; wherin is found a long ffnooth feede, bearded at one end likethofe of Baftard Saffron, called Carta - mmp'i the feede of C ardutu benedrthu. The roote is great,long, blacke on the outfide, and of a fan- guine colour on the infide, fomewhat fweete in tafte,and biting the toong. There is likewife another fort hereof,hailing great and large leaues like thole of the water Dock, fomewhat fnipt or toothed about the edges. Theftalkeis fhorterthan the other, but the roote is more oleous or fuller of iuice, otherwife like. Ee 2 Centaur mm 43 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE * Centaur item magnum*. Great Centorie. it The place. The great Centorie ioycth in a fat and fruitful! (bile, and in funnie banks full of graffe and herbes. It growcth very plentifully, faith Dio/corides, in Lycia, Peloponnefus, Arcadia, inMorea, and in Baldus a mountains in the territories of Verona, and likewife in my garden. it The time. It flowreth in fommer, and the rootcs may be gathered in Autumne. :oo; 'ft The names. It is called in Greek K-tnu/Sziov riftiyt: of Theophrajlus alfo Centaur is: in diuers fhops falffy Rha Ponticum: for Rha Fonticum is Rha growing in the countries ofPontus ; a plant differing from great Centorie. There is found among the baftard names Vnefera , Felterra y and Polyhydion\ but Theophrajlus and Pliny do fee downe among the kindesof Panacesoi All- heale,this great Centorie, and alfo the leflerwhcr- of we wil write in the next chap.followingi/ 5 //^ re¬ citing the words of Th'eophr.doth in his 2 5.book 4. chap. write,that they were found out by Chiron Cen¬ taur m and furnamed Centauria. Alfo affirming the fame thing inhis < 5 .chap.where he more largely ex¬ pounding both the Centauries, repeateth to be found out by Chiron:& therupon he addeth,that ei¬ ther of them is named chironium. Of fome it is re¬ ported, that the laid Chiron was cured therewith of awoundinhisfoote, that was made with an arrow that fel vpon it,when he was entertaining of Hercules into his houfe: wherupon it was called Chiro- nittm: or of the curing of the woundes of his lb!diers,for the which purpofe it is moft excellent. it T he temperature. It is hot and dric in the third degree. Galen faith, by the talk of the roote it fheweth contrarie qualities, fo in the vfe it performeth contrarie effects. itThevertues. * A The 100 tc taken in the quantitie of two drams, is good for them that arc burften, or /pit blond 5 againft the crampc and fbrinking offinewes, the fhortnes of winde or difficultie ofbreathing, the cough and gripings of the belly. g There is not any part of the herbe, but it rather worketh miracles then ordinarie cures in greene wounds: for it ioineth togither the lips oflimple wounds in the the flefh, according tothefirft in¬ tention,that is,glewing the lips togither,not drawing to the place any matter at all. C Thefe things and mo belides Diofcondes tclleth of.The roote (faith he) is a remedie for ruptures, conuulfions and cramps, taken in the weight of two drams tobegiuen with wine to thofe that arc without a feauer,and to thofe that hauc,with water. X) Galen faith, that the iuice of the leaues thereof, performeth thofe things that the roote doth, which is alfo vfed in fteede of Lyceum^ a kinde of hardc iuicc of a fharpe taftc. Of [mall Centorie . Chap. 15 ^. it The defeription. 1 > ' gr- < He Idler Centorie is a little herbe: it groweth vp with a cornered ftalke,halfe a foot high, I with leaues in forme and bignefle of Saint Iohns woort: the flowers growe at the top in a Ipokie bufh or rundelI,ofa red colour tending to purple, which in the day time, and after the HtSTORIE OF PLANTS. 43? thcfunhe isvpdocopetlthemlelues, andtowardcseueningdo fhutvp againe : after them come foorthlmallfeedeveGcls,ofthelhapeofwheatecomes, in which are conteined very little feedes. The roote is Gender,hard,and foone fading. .2 The yellowe Centorie hath leaues, ftalkes, and (eede like the other, and is in ech refpedl alike, fauing that the flowers heercof are of a perfedt yellowe colour, which ietteth foorth the difference. < I Centaurium parmrn. Small Centorie. 2 Centauriurn paruum luteitm L'Obelij . Yellowe Centorie. it’theplace. The firft is growing in great plentie throughout England,in moft paftures and graftie fieldes. The yellow doth grow vpon the chalkie cliffes of Greenehith in Kent,and fuch like places. it The time . They are tobe gathered in their flowring time,thatjs, in Inly and Auguft; of fome that gather theqj fuperftitiouGy,they are gathered betweene the two ladle daies. it The names. Pliny nameth the fmall Centorie Libadion , and by reafon of his great bitternefle Felterra. The Italians in Hetruria call it Biondella: in Spanifh Centoria .- in lowe Dutch : in Englifh lefler Centorie,or common Centorie: in French Ccntoire. it The temperature. The fmall Centorie is of abitter qualitie, and of temperature hot anddrie in thefecond degree: and the yellow Centorie is hot and drie in the third degree. it Thevertues. Being boiled in water and drunke, itopeneth the (toppings of the liner, gall, andlpleene, it & helpcth the yellowe iaundile, andlikewife long and lingering agues: it killeth the woormes in the bellie; to be briefest cIenleth,lcoureth, and makeththinne humors that are thickc, and doth effec¬ tually performe whatlbeuer bitter things can. Dio/corides, and Galen after him, report, that the decodtioii drawethdowne by liege cholcr and B fhicke humours,and hclpeth the fciatica: but though we haue vfed this often and luckely,yet could Ec 3 v/e % ? I 438 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE we not perceiue euidently thatit purgcth by the ftoolc any thing at all,and yet hath performed the etfe&s aforefaide. C This Ccntorie being ftamped and laidc on while!! it is frcfh and greene, doth heale and clofc vp greene wounds,clen!eth old vlccrs,and perfectly curcth them. D The iuice is good in medicines for the eies, mixed with hony it clenlcth away fuch things as hin¬ der the fight, and being drunke it hath a peculiar vertue again!! the infirmities of thefinewes, as Diofeorides teachcth. E The Italian Phificions do giue the powder of the leaues of yellowe Ccntorie once in three daics, in the quantitie of a dram,with annile andcarowaie feedcs,in wine or other liquor,which preuaileth again!! the dropfie and greene ficknefle,of which plant Io&nncs ?o/?/'«hath thus written; Flos mihifuaue rubet^fed incjl quoque juccus Amarus ^ Qui iuuat obfejjum bile^apcritque iecur. My flower is fweete in fmell,bitter my iuice in taftc. Which purge choler and helps liuer that clfe would waftc. Of Caines front >or Snapdragon. Qoap. 155 . 1 lArtirrhimm pur pur cum. Purple Snapdragon. a ^Antirrhinum album. White Snapdragon. * The defeription. 1 P ur P^ e Snapdragon hath great and brittle ftalks, which diuideth it felfc into mame ira- | gilc braunches: whereupon do growe long leaues fharpe pointed, very greene like vnto thole of wilde flaxe, but much greater, let by couples one oppofite again!! another. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalks of a purple colour, fafhioned like a frogs mouth, or rather a dragons mouth; from whence the women hauc taken the name Snapdragon. The leede is blackc, conteined in long husks fafhioned like a calues liiout, wherupon !omc hauc called it Calues fnout, or in mine opinion it is more like vnto the bones of a Iheepes head that hath beene long in the wa- ter,the flefh confumcdcleane awaie. 2 The lecond agreeth with the precedent in eucry part, except in the colour of the flowers: fo* this plant bringeth foorth white flowers,and the other purple, wherein confifteth the difference. 3 Antirrhinum HI ST OKIE OF PLANTS. 43 9 3 Antirrhinum luteum. Yellow Snapdragon. 4 Antirrhinum mintta. Small Snapdragon. 'k The defeription. 3 The yellow Snapdragon hath a long, thicke woodie rootc,with certaine firings faftr.ed therto: from which rileth vp a brittle ftalke of two cubits and a halfe high, diuided from the bottomc to the top into diuers braunches; wherupon do grow long green leaues like thofe of Pimpernel!,but grea¬ ter and longer. The flowers growe at the top of the maine braunches, ofa pleafant yellovvc colour, in fhape like vnto the precedent. 4 The fmall or wildc Snapdragon differeth not from the others,but in ftature.The leaues are lefier and narrovvcr.The flowers purple,but altogicher fmaller. k The place. The three firft do growe in mod gardens ; but the yellowe kinde groweth not common,except in the gardens of curious Herbarifts. __ v k The time. That which hath continued the whole winter doth flower in Maic, and the reft offbmmer after¬ wards : andthat which is planted later and in the end of fommerjflowreth ip. the fpringof the fame ycere: they do hardly endure the iniurie ofourcofde winter, y a kThenamcs , 1 tniid c atu 1st bin fir Snapdragon is called in GreekTn Latine alfb AntirrhinumyyflApuletui Canu cerebrum,Her- ha SimianaTenufla minor^Opalis grataOrontium: it is thought to be Leo herbayv hich Columella in his xo.booke doth reckon among the flowers: yet Gcfherus hath thought that this Leo is Columbine , which for the fame caufe he hath called LeontoBowwn: but thisname feemeth to vsto agree bet¬ ter with Calues ftiout,then with Columbine: for the gaping flower of Calues fhout is more like t<a lyons fiiap then the flqvver of Columbine: it is galled in Dutch - inSpanifh CabezA deter - nera: inEnglilhCalues fhout, Snapdragon, and Lyons fnap :inFrench T ejledechien , and Tejle deTeau. -- ' * -. •, c ’ > ,— .... - ^'y c He 4 kThi 440 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The temperature. 1 hey are hot and dric,and offubtill parts. i? Thsvertues. The fccde of Snapdragon,as Galen faith,is good for nothing in the vfe of phificke; and the herbe it felfe is of like facultie with Bubonium , or Star woort,but not fo effe&uall. g They report,faith Diofeorides , that the herbe being hanged about one,preferucth a man from be¬ ing bewitched jand that it maketh a man gratious in the fight of people. q K^ipuleius writeth, that the diftilled water or the decoction of the herbe and roote made in wa¬ ter, is a fpeedie remedie for the watering of eies proceeding of a hot caufe,if they be bathed there¬ with. OfTodeflaxe. Chap.156. 1 Linaria. Great Tode flaxe. 2 Linaria purpurea odor at a. Swecte purple Tode flaxe. „.,v\ & The defeription. 1 T //wrwbeinga kinde oiAntyrrhmim , hath fmall , flender, blackifh ftalkes ;from which do growe many leaues like flaxe. The flowers be yellow, withafputxehangingat thefamc like vnto a Larkes fpurre,hauing a mouth like vnto frogs mouth, euen fuch as is to befecne in the common Snapdragon ;'the whole plant fo much refembleth Efttla minor, that the one is hardly knownc from the other,but by this olde verfe: ' r ' EfetLlatlefcitfenelaEte Linaria crefeit. ' • Some there be that haue cotifbMi&e&Scopariu, or Behteder It alarum , with this Linaria\ but in that they are deceiued greatly, as in many other things ; for the leaues of Belueder arc longer then Linar ria , and more in number,not bitter ,nor of that effect which Linaria ferueth vnto in them which be molefted with the iaimdife, and brought therby very neere vnto the dropfie.^ - L ; ^ ; a The feuenth kinde of Snapdragon, being the fecond kinde ofTode flaxe,hath leaues like vnto j > r - Beliis HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 441 Bellit motor ,but not fo broade 3 and fomewhat lagged about the edges. The ftalke is finall and ten- der 3 of a cubitc high 3 befet with many purple flowers like vnto the former in fhapc.The root is long, with many thrcddes hanging thereat: the whole plant is of a reafonablc fwccte fauour. 4 Linorio Valentia. Tode flaxe of Valentia. 2 Linorio purpurea altero . Variable Tode flaxe. ’k The defer iption. V;. 3 The eight kindc of Antyrrhinum or Snapdragon , being likewife a kinde of Tode flaxe, hath fmall and narrowe leaues like vnto the firft kinde of Linoiia : the ftalke is a cubitehigh, belet with flowers of a purple colour 3 in fafhion like Linorio, but that it wanteth the taile or fpurre at the ende oT:hc flower which the other hath. The roote is fmall and threddie. 4 Linar to Valentino hath leaues like Hypericon, or rather XkoCytifm , growing vpon a ftalke or twiggiebraunch 5 ofafootehigh 3 and ca\\tdby C/uftMVafyptina, for thatitwasfounde by himfelfe in agro Valentino, a citie in Italie; where it beareth yellowle ftbw^rs about the rop of the ftalke like common L;^r/4,butthemouthofthc flower is downie, or moftic,and the taile of a purple colour. It flowreth at Valentia in March,and groweth in the medowes there, and hath not as yet been feen in thefcnorthern parts. \ : v 5 Ofyrisalba hath great, thicke, and long rootes,with fome threds or firings hanging at the fame : from which rife vp many braunchcs very tough and pliant 3 befet towards the top with flowers 3 not much vnlike the fmall Snapdragon 3 but of a white colour, and the inner part of the mouth fomwhac more wide and operand the leaues like the common Tode flaxe. 6 Ofyris purpurocarulea is akind of Snapdragon,or Tode flaxc 3 that hath many final & weak bran- ches,trailing vpon the grounde 3 befet with many little leaues like flaxe. The flowers grow at the top of theftalke like vnto the common kinde, but of a purple colour declining to blewncfle. The roote is fmall and threddie,' ^±r ... THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Ojyru alba. White Todeflaxe. 7 Linofyrii J^uperorum. Bulhie Todeflaxe. 6 Ofyrk furfurourulen. Purple Todeflaxe. 8 Liner tenure*. Golden Todeflaxe. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 445 7 Forafmuch as this plant is {talked and leafed like common Linaria, the new writers hauc called it Linofyru: it hath ftalkes very ftiffc and wooddie, befet with leaues like the common Linar ia, with flowers at the top of the (talks ofa faint fhining yellow co!our,in forme or fhape fomwhat like vnto Conyza maior. The whole plant proweth to the height of two cubits ,& is in tafte fharpe & clammie, or Glutinous,& fomwhat bitter^he root is compad of many firings,in tangled one within another. Gntllandtntis caileth this plant HyJJopus 'vmbelliicra Diofioridis , that is, Dio/corides his Hyfope, which beareth a tuft in all points hk zLinoJyris, whereof it isakinde, not differing from it in fhew and leaues.The ftalkes are a cubite high,diuided aboue into many fmali branches.thc tops whereof arc garnifhed with tuftes of fmali flowers, gliftering full of many golden haires or thrums, witfi feede as fmali as duft. 8 ' Golden Todeflaxe hath diuers fmali vpright branches very little & tender, garnifhed from the bottometo the top with fmali long thinne leaues like thole of wilde flaxe:,on the toppeof the ftalkes doe grow tufts of flowers of a gold yellow colour. The roote is tough and fingle. 5 ? Scop aria fue Ofyris Gracorunt. l° Pafferinalinarta. Broome Tode flaxe. Sparrowes Tode flaxe. & The defeription, 9 scoparta , or after Dodoneus Ofyris , which the Italians call Bdvidere, hath very many fhootes or fprigs riling from one fmali ftalke,making the whole plant to refemble a broome or beefome,whcr- of it tooke the name Scoparia. Thcleaues be fmali and narrowe. almoftlike to theleauesof flaxe. The flowers be as it were a bufh of herbic coloured threds, growing among the leaues,which keepe greene all the winter. 10 This plant alfo f or refemblance fake is referred vnto the Linaries, bicaufe his leaues be like Linarta. At the top ofthe fmali branched ftalks,do growe little yellowifh flowers, paleot colour, fomewhat like the tops of Chryfocome, and the ftalkes of Limontum. John Mouton of Tournay taketh ittobc Chryfocome altera : and bicaufe there hath beene no concordance among writers, it (bail be lufficicnt to hauc fe t foorth his defeription with his name Pafferm « * The The second booke of the “ •deTheplace. The kindes of Tode flaxe growe vVilde In many places,as vpon ff one wals,grauelly grounds,bar- ten medowes,and alongby hedges. ft The time* They flower from Tone to the end of Auguft. # The names. Tode flaxe is called of the herbarifles of our time, Linaria, or Flaxweede, and Vrinalis: of fomc Ofyris: inhigh Dutch LpttktaUt:, and (Dttlfct fCHtimen : in Lowe Dutch uLltit : in Englilh Wilde flaxe,Tode flaxe,and Flaxe weede; in Italian Belvidere, or faire in fight,which may very well agree with the firft deferibed, as being in (flew a moft glorious and goodly flower, but at the nofe moll lothfomly (linking. The plant called Scop aria, is named alfo Her ha'.Jludiofertm, bi- caufe it is a fit thing to makebroomes of, wherewith fchollers and (Indents may fweepe their owne ftudies and clofets. The particular names are expreffled both in Latine and Englifh in their feuerall titles, whereby they may be diftinguifhed. ft The temperature. Thckindes of Tode flaxe arc of the fame temperature with wilde Snapdragons, whereof they are kindes, ik Thevertnes. A Thedccoftion of Tode flaxe takethavVay the yellowneffe and deformitie of the skin, being waffled and bathed therewith. B The fame drunken openeth the (toppings of the liuer and fpleene, and is Angular good for the iaundife which is of long continuance. C The fame decodtion doth alfo prouokc vrinc, in thofe that piffle drop after drop, vnftoppeth the kidneies and bladder. Of far den Flaxe* Chappy* Linton Jatiuum . Garden Flaxe. & The dejeription . F Laxerifeth vp with (lender and round TfcalkesJ Thcleaucs thereofbc long, narrow,& flnarpe pointed; on the toppes of the (prigs are faire biewe flowers, after which fpring vp little rounde knops or buttons,in which is conteined the feede, in forme fomewhatlong, fmooth,glib or flipperie, of a darke colour. The rootes be fmall and thred- dic. The place. It profperetfl beft inafatandfruitfullfoile, hi moift and not drie places; for it requireth as Colu¬ mella faith a very fat grounde, and fomwhat moift. Some, faith Pattadius^ do (owe it thicke in a Ieane grounde, and by thatmeanes the flaxe groweth fine: Pliny faith that it is tobefowen in grauellie placcs,efpcciallyinoncforrowe: 2(ec magisfetti- mare al'md : and that it burneth the ground and maketh it woorfer, which thing alfo Virgill teftifi- cth in his Georgickcs: Vrit lint campumfcgcsjvrit Auena: Vrunt lethdoperfufa papauerafomno. Flaxe and Otcs fowne confume the moifture of a fertile field: The fame worketh Poppie, whofe iuice a deadly fleepe doth yeeld. # The 445 HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. •kThe time. Flaxe is fowen in the fpring, it flowreth in Iune and Iuly. After it is cuttc downe (as Plinte in his j^.bookc fird chapter faith) the dalles are put into the water fubied to the hcateof theliinneand lome waigh t hide on them to be deeped therein , the loofenes of the rinde is a figne when it is well jdeeped: then is it taken vp and dried in the funne, and after vied as mod hufwiues can tell better thenmyfelfe. The names. It is called both in Greeke and Latine a hoy, Ltnum: in high Dutch jf laeftf? ♦ in Italian and Spa- nifh Ltno ; in French Dahn: in lowc Dutch X in Englilh Flaxe and Lyne. v - ie The temperature and venues. Galen in his fird bookeof the faculties of nourifhments faith, that diners vie the feede heereof A parched as a fudenance with Garum; no otherwile then made fair. They alfo vie it mixed with honie; lame likewife put it among bread, but it is hurtful! to the do- B macke,andishardofdigeflion,andyeeldcthtothcbodiebutIittlc nourifhment: but touching the qualitiewhich maketh the belly foluble,neither wil I praife or dilpraife it;yet that hath it fome force to prouoke vrine,is more apparant when it is parched: but then it alfo daieth the belly more. The lame author in his bookes of the faculties of fimple medicines faith, that Lineleede being C eaten is windie although it be parched, lo full is it of fuperfluous moidure: and it is alio after a fort hot in the fird degree, and inameanc betweenemoidanddrie. But how windie the feede is, and how full offuperfluous moidure it is in euery part,might very wel haue been perceiued a few yeeres finceatMiddleborough in Zeland,where for want of graine and other corne, mod of the Citizens were faine to eatc breade and cakes made heereof with honie and oile, who were in fhort time af¬ ter fwolnein the bellie about the fhort ribs, faces, and other parts of their bodies infuch fort, that a great number were brought to their graues thereby: for thele lymptomes or accidents came no otherwile then by the fuperfiuous moidure of the feede,which caufeth windinefle. Linefeed, as Diofcorides hath written,haththc fame properties that Fenugrceke hath: it wadeth L^ awaie and mollifieth all inflammations or hot fwellings, as well inwardc as outward, if it be boiled with honie,oile,and a little fair c water, and made vp with clarified honie; it taketh away blemifhes of the face and the funne burning, called in Greeke Ephelds^ being rawe & vnboiled; and alfo foulc fpots, if it be mixed with fait petcr& figs: it cauleth rugged and ill fauoured nailes to fall off,mixed with honie and water Crefles. It drawe th foorth of the died corrupted flegme and other filthie humours,if a compofition with E honie be made thereof to licke on,and ealeth the cough. Being taken largely with pepper and honie made vp into a cake,it flirreth vp hid. F The oile which is prefled out of the leede,is profitable for many purpoles in phificke and chirur- G gerie; and is vfed of painters,pidure makers, and other artificers. It loftneth all hard fwellings; it Aretcheth foorth the finewes that are fhrunke and drawne togi- H thcr, mitigateth paine,being applied in mancr of an ointment. Some alfo giue it to drinke to fuch as are troubled with paine in the fide & collickejbut it mud be I frefh and newly drawne: for if it be olde andranke, it caufeth aptiiefle tovomite, and withall it ouermuchheatcth. Linefeed boiled in wder with a little oi!e,& a quantitic of Annifc feede impowdered and implai- K Acred vpon angina, or any Iwcllingin the throate, helpeth the fame. It is with good fucccfle vfed plaifletwife,boiled in vineger, vpon the difeafes called Coliaca , and L DyJJenteriajnhich are fluxes and paincs of the bellie. The feedes damped with the rootes of wilde Cucumbcrs,draweth foorth lpIinters,thornes,bro- M ken bones, or any other thing fixed in any part of the bodie. The decodion is an excellent bath for women to fit ouer for the inflammation of the lecret parts, N bicaufc it foftneth the hardnefle thereof,andeafeth paine and aking. The feed ofLine & Fenugreek made into powder,boiled with Mallowes,Violet Ieaues,Smallage, O & Chickweed,vntill the herbs be foftjthen damped in a done morter with a litle hogs greale to the forme of a cataplalmc or pultus:appeafeth all maner of paine,foftneth al colde tumors or fwellings, mollifieth & bringeth tofuppuration all apodemes;defendeth wounded members from fwellings & rankling, and when they be alreadic rankled, it taketh the fame away being applied verie warme euening and morning. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OflVilde Flaxe. Chap. 158 . I Linum fylueUre fioribptt dhU* 2 Linwn fylueHrctenuifolium, Wilde white flaxe. Thin leafed wilde flaxe. *k Thedefcription, 1 This Wilde kinde of Line or flaxe hath ieaues lik zAjparugtts, or rather like Fennell, grow- I ing vpon round bright and fhinmg lprigs,a foote long, and flowers like the manured flaxe, but of a white coIour.Thc roote is tough andfmall,with fome fibres annexed thereunto. 2 The narrow and thinne leafed kinde ofLine is very like to the common flaxe, but in all pointes lefler. The flowers ccnlift of fiue leaucs,which do loone fade and fall away ,hauing many ftalks pro¬ ceeding from one roote, of a cubitehigh, bdetwithfmall Ieaues, yea lefler than thole of LinariA pur pure a. 3 There is a kinde of wilde flaxe which hath many hairic branches, rifing vp from a very fajlal roote,which doth continue for many yeercs without lowing, increafing by rootes into many other plants,with ftalkes amounting to the height of one cubite,belet with many rough and hairic broadc Ieaues: at the toppe of the ftalkes do growc many faire blew flowers, compaft of fiue Ieaues,much greater and fairer than common Line or flaxe; which being paft, there fucceede (mail fharpe poin¬ ted heads full of leedcs,like Linefeede,but of a blacke fhining colour. 4 Caw&Unumipi Ibme called Linumfyluelireperpufillum , $c may be called in Englifh very Lowe or Dwarfe wild flaxe 5 for this word chaw# joined to any Ample doth fignifie,that it is a low or dwarfe kinde thereof) being fcarce an handfull high, hath pale yellow flowers : but as itis in all things like ■vneo flaxe; fo the flowers,lcaues,and ftalkes,and all other partes thereof,are fower times lefler than Linum . 3 Linum -HISTORIE Oi? PLANTS. 447 k The place. They growe generally in grauellie grounds. T he firft groweth in well manured placcs 3 as in gardcns 3 and fuch like foiles. The lecond groweth by the Tea fide. The third and fourth growe vpon rocks and differs necrc to the fea fide. I haue feene them growe vpon the fea bankes by Lee inEflex, and in many places of the ylc of Shepey. They growe alfobetvveene Quinborow and Shetland houfe. k The time. They flower from May to the middeft of Auguft. k The names. Their names arc fufficiently exprefied in their feuerall titles. kThe nature an A vertues. The faculties of thefe kindes of Wilde flaxe are referred vnto the manured flaxc 5 but they are fcldome vfed either in phifickc or chirurgerie. Ofblacke Salt Vvoort. Chap . 159 . it The deferiptton. I N olde time this plant was vfed forfauceand meate, as Purflaineand other hcrbcsarcin thefe our daies, and recciued among the Legumtna. In mine opinion it was called Glaux , by reafon of the colour of the leaues 5 which are of a gray or olde dried colour^ called in Latine Glaucm ' olor , fuch as are in the Sallow leafe: of others it is called Galax or Glax: of others Engalatton^ quafil 'ilea or Latttfica: bicaufe it is good to increafe milke in the brefls of women, if it be much vfed. Ru< Him and others haue fet do wnzGalega, Securidica , Poly gala ^ andmanyothcr plants for the true Gbuxy which Glaux exigua maritime Blacke Salt woort. 448 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE which hath bred a confufion. Tlje true Glaux Di- ofcorides hath many finall branches, home creeping on the ground, and feme (landing vpright, tender, and fmall,bcfet with many little fat leaues like Tribu¬ tes terreftriipx Herniaria , growing along the ftalkes by couples; betweene whom grow fmall purple! flo¬ wers ; which being paft, there fiicceed certaine little bullets, or feede veffels. The roote is very finall and threddy,& taking hold of the vpper face of the earth, as it doth runne abroade, by which meanes it doth mightily increafe. it The place. The true Glaux or Milkwoort groweth very plenti¬ fully in fait places and marfhes neere the lea, from whence I haue brought it into my garden, where it profpereth as well as in his natiue (bile. I found it e (penally betweene Whitftable and the yle of Tha- netinKent, and by Grauefend in the fame countie, by Tilbery Blockhoufe in Effex, and in the yle of Shepcy,going from Kings ferry to Shetland houfe. it 7 he time. It flowreth in May,and the feede is ripe in Iune. it The names. The names haue beene fufficicntly fpoken of in the defeription, It fhall fuffice to call it in Eng- Iifh Sea Milkwoort. it The nature. Paulus ^sfegineta faith,it is hot and moift of temperature. it The vertues. A This Milkwoort taken with rnilke, drinke or pottage,ingendreth ftorc ofmilke,and therefore it is good to be vied by nurfes that want the fame. OfzIAfilkeypoort. fbap. 160 . it The kindes. Hp Here be diners fortes ofMilke woorts,varying in the colour of their flowers, wherin confiftcth their difference. it The defeription. 1 Here haue beene many plants neerely reiembling Polygata, and yetnot the fame in deede, | which doth verific the Latine faying, TijiHum fmile ell idem. This neere refemblance doth rather hinder thofe that haue not (pent much time in the knowledge of fimples, than in- creafe their knowledge. And this alfo hath beene an occafion that many haue imagined a fundrie Polygala vnto themfelues,and fo of other plants. Of which number, this (whereof 1 fpeake) is one, obtaining this name of the heft writers and herbarifts of our time, deferibing it thus. It hath many thicke fpreading branches, creeping on the ground,bearing leaues like them of Herniaria ,ftanding inroweslike the Sea Milkwoort; among which dogrowefinail whorles, or Crownets of white flowers; the roote being exceeding finall and threddie. 2 The fecond kinde ol PelygaL is a finall herbe with (lender pliant ftems, of a wooddie fubftance, an handfiilllong,creepingby the ground: the leauesbe finall and narrow like vnto Lintels,or little HyfFope. The flowers growe at the top, of a blew colour, fafhioned like a little bird, with wings, taile,and bodie,eafie robedifeerned by them tbatdoobferue the fame: whi:h being paft,there fuc- ceede final! pouches,like thofe o'iBnrf pastorufiv. lefler.The roote is finall and wooddie. 1 PoIp gala. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 44 9 l PofygaU repens. Creeping Milke woorc. 2 Tolygda fart cxruko. Blew Milke woorc. 3 PofygaUrulrUfar thus. Red Milke woort. 4 PolygaU alhitfaribw. White Milke woorc. * The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The defeription. K 3 This third kinde of Polygxlx or Milkewoort, hath lcaues and ftalkcs like the laft before mentio* ntd, and differeth from it herein, that this kinde hath fmallcr branches, andtheleauesare notfo thicke thruft togither, and the flowers are like the other 5 but that they be of a red or purple colour. 4 The fourth kinde is like the laft fpoken of in cuery refpe<ft,but that it hath white flowers; other- wife it is very like. •fe The defer iption, 5 Purple Milkc woort differeth from the others in the colour of the flowers ; itbringethfoorth mobranches than the precedent, and the flowers are of a purple colour; wherein efpcciallyconfi- fteth the difference. 6 The fixt Milke woort is like vnto the reft in each refpeft, fauing that the flowers arc of an ouer- worne ill fauored coIour,which maketh it to differ from all the othpr of hiskinde. The place. Thefe plants or Milkc woorts growe commonly in eucry wood and fcrtill pafturc, wherefbeuer I hauc trauclled. & The time. They flovvre from May to Auguft. ie The names. Milkc woort is called i^imbxruxliiflos: fo called bicaufe it doth fpccially flouriih in the Crofle or Gang wcckc,or Rogation weeke ;ofwhich flowers,the maidens which vfe in the countries to walke the proccflion,do make themfelues garlands,and nofegaiesrin Englifh we may cal it Croffe flower, Gangflowcr,Rogation flower, and Milke woort, of their vertues in procuring rnilke in thebrefts of nurfes. Hieronimiu Trxgm calle th it Polygahn, and likewife Diofcoridcs. ik The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 45* # 'Thc'vertttes. Gdlen.TheophrdBuSj and Diofcorjdes do account thefeforMilkewoorts, and may without error A be vfed for thofc purpofes,whcrcunto Glaux fcructh. OfKnotgrajJe. Chap.idu # The kittles. T Hcrc be diuers herbcs of fundrie formes and (hapes, comprehended vnder this name Polygon num, or Knot grafle. But of the common or beft knowen Knot grafle, we intend to intreate in this chapter: whereof there be two forts^the greater and the lefler. I Polygonum mas vulgar c. Common Knot graflei 2 Polygonum mas minus. Small common Knot grafle. 'T °k Thedejcription . He common male Knot grafle creepeth along vpon the ground, with long {lender wcake branches, full of knots or ioints, whereof it tooke his name. 1 he leaucs growe vpon the wcake branches like thole of fmall S. Iohns woort, but longer and narrower. The flowers are maruellous little,and growe out oftheknots, of anherbie colours in their places come vp trian- glcd feede. The roote is long,flender,and full offtrings. 2 The lecond diflereth not from the former, but onely that it is altogither leffer, wherein elpe* cially confifteth the difference. The place. Thefc Knot grafles do growe in barren and ftonie places almofleuery where, ie 1 he time. They are in flower and feede all the fommer long, ff j * Th$ 45* * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE *5- Thenxmes. Knot graffe is called in Grecke wto>w,«,^ 3 that is to ii.y ^Polygontm mas, or male Knot grafTc: in Latinc Seminalis ., Sangurmrh : of ColumellSangttindu : in (hops Centumnodm^ and CorrigioU • of dpuleius Proferpinaca ; in high Dutch O30dgj)^tt X in Iowe Dutch <Cterfi£tt0 gra#? and fcnt Imnp: in Italian Polygono : in Spanifh Corriola : in French Renouce ; in Wallen ManoLinedc Cure: in Englifh Knot grahe.and Swines grade: in the North,Bifdes toong. & The temperature. Knot grade,as Ga ’en teachcth,is ofabindijagtjiulitie^yet is itcolde in the fccond degree, or die in the beginning of the third. . - # The'virtues. The mice of Knot grade is good againft the fpit ting of blood, the pilling of blood, and all other i flues or fluxes of blood,as hr afanoint reporteth,and Camerarius faith he hath cured many with the iiiice chereof,that haue vomited blood, giuen in a little ftipticke wine. It greatly preuaileth againft the Gonorrhea, that is,the running of the reines, and the weaknes of the backe comming by meancs thercof,beingfhred and made in atanfie with egs and eaten. B The dccotftion of it enreth the difeafe aforefaid,in as ample maner as the iuice: or giuen in pow¬ der in a rearc egge,hclpeth the backe very much. C The herbe boiled in wine and honie, cureth the vlcers and inflammations of the fccret partes of man or woman,adding thereto a little allume,and the parts wafhed therewith. D Diojcorides faith thatit prouoketh vrine, and helpeth fuch as do pifle drop after drop, when the vrine is hot and fharpe. E It is giuen vnto fwine with good fucceflc, when they are ficke, and will not eate their meate j whereupon the countrie people do call it Swines grafte,and Swines skir. HIS TOR. IE OF PLANTS. 453 ft The defeription, j >-»-< He fnowie white and lead kinde of Polygonum , or Knot grade, called of Clufitts Faronychis | Hi(p«nic.zj s a ftrange and woorthie plant to behold, handle, and condder, although it be bur fmall. It is not aboue two inches long, hailing final! branches, thic ke, tough, hard, and full ofioints: out of which the leaucs come foorthlike fmall teeth Jefler than the leauesof HerniarmfiV Thymttm tenuifoleum. At the top of the ftalkes (band mod: delicate flowers framed by nature,as it were, with fine parchment leaues, (landing like fmall buttons, in their Angular white- nesand fnowie colour rcfembling the perfeCt white filke , fo many in number at the top, andfo thicke, that they ouerfhadow the red of the plant beneath. The roote is (lender, and of a wooddie fu5(lance,longcr than the branches,or the whole plant.Thc (cede is couered as it were with chafe, andisasimallas duft,or the motes in the funne. 2 ^Anthyllu of Valentia,being like wife a kinde of Knot gra(Te,hath (mall leaues like Glaux exiguity fet orderly by couples at the ioints: among which come flowers,and other final leaues like the fird, but altogithcr letter. The roote is fmall and long,and of a wooddie (ubftancc. ft The defeription. 3 There is a kinde of Knot grade, which hath ma¬ ny long and (lender branches, or rather (mall twigs, (pred and ilretched vpon the ground like Serpillum; from among which leaues, do cluder in rundcls like tuftes, hailing (paces betweene each tuft ; out of which proceedeth a (mall dudic flower. The whole plant is full of iuice like Aizoon, or fin all Sengreene. The roote is (bmewhat long and wooddie, bitter in ta(le,and hor, and fomewhat aftringent. Among the Knot graflfes may well befutedthis (mall plant but lately written of, and not (o common¬ ly knowne as growing in Englande, being about an handful! high, and putreih out from a fibrous roote fundrie fiender (lalkcs full of little braunches and ioints: about which growe confufedly many narrow leaues,for the mod part of an vnequall quantitie; yec heere and there two longer then the reft, and much alike in greatnes: at the outmod parts of thebraun- ches and (lalkes (where it hath thickeft tufts)appecre our of themiddeftof the leaues little flowers of an faetby colour. The whole plant is all oner whitifii or hoarie. If my memorie faile me not, pent doth meane this herbs where he fpeaketh of Saxifrtgaanglicana , in his Aduerfiriapag. 103. and alio re- porreth that lie founde this plant by the way fide as he rode from London to Bridovv,on a little hill not far from Chipnam 5 his picture doth very well refemble the kinde of Knot grade, called among the Germaines HUlflTElb and calling it Sax/jraga anglicana , cauleth me to thinke that fome in the wed parts where he fird founde it do call it baxidage,as we do call fundrie other herbes, especially if they feme for the done. My friende mader Steuen Bredxvclh practitioner in Phyfick in thofe parts, heard of a fimple man, who did much good with a medicine (that he made with Paidey Piert) againd the done,which he minidred vnto all forts of people. This my friend iequefted the poore man to fhew him theherbe called Parfley Piert,who frankly promifed it him, and the next morning brought him an handful! of theherbe, and tolde him the compofition of his medicine withal,which you (ball finde (etdowne in tlx: vertues,and prooued by fundrie of good account, to be a Angular remedic for the fame. ftThepUce. The fird and common Knot grade groweth ineuery grauely or barren grounde: thefcconde groweth neerc the fea banks: the thirde and fourth are drangers in Englande: thefift doth growe in my garden: the fixt groweth in barren (andie fieldes where Barley hath been fowen: the feuenth groweth by die fea dde vpon rockes and cliffes: and the lad doth growe in the places where torne Ff 3 hath 3 Polygonum Selinoides.fme Knave el, PariieyPierr. 454 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE hath becne fowen,as by Barneelmcs,where ray frierxde aforefaid founde the fame: it doth growe in Kent in fundrie places, from whence I brought fome for my garden , where it profpereth well; and by Chipnam aforefaide,as Pena reporteth. k The time. Thefc flower for the moft part from Maic to September. k The names. 'That which hath becne faide of their feuerall names in their deferiptions fEiall ftiffice. k The nature. They are colde in the feconde degree ,and drie in the thirde,aftringent and making thickc. k Thevertues. A The mice ofKnotgrafle is good againft the {pitting of blonde, the pilling of blond and all other 5 flues and fluxe of blond: it preuaileth againft the Gonorrhsea, and the weakncfie of the backe, be¬ ing made in a tanfie with egges. B The decodicn ofKnotgrafle cureth the difeafe aforefaide, in as ample manner as the mice, and being boiled in honie and wine, it cureth the vlcers St inflammations of the priuie or fecret parts of man or woman. C D’ofcorides faith that Knot graffe prouoketh vrine, and helpeth fuch as pifle drop by drop, when the vrine is hot and fharpe. D Heere according to my promife I haue thought good to infert this medicine made with Knawel, which herbe is called (as I faide befo re) Parfley Piert; but if I might without offence, itfhoulde be called Petra Pun gens : for that barbarous vvorde Parfley Picrt,was giuen by fome Ample man, who had not well learned the true terme. The compofition which followcth muft be giuen inwarme white wine halfc a dram,yea two fcruples or more,according to the conftitution of the bodie which is to receiueit. £ The leaues of Parfley Piert, Moufeare,of eche one ounce when the herbes be dried, Baie berries, Turmcncke,Cloues J thefeedesofthe great Burrc, thefeedes in the berries ofheppes or Briertrce, . Fenugreekc,of eche one ounce,the ftone in the oxe gall, the waight of 24.Barley cornes, or haJfe a dram, made togither into a moft fine and fubtill powder, taken and drunke in manner aforefaide, hath beene prooued moft Angular for the difeafe aforefaide. Gf'Hupture woort. Qjtip.iSf Herniaria. Runmrc wnnrt. whole plant feemeth as it were couercd oner much Idler. k 7 he defer iptiefn. T Here is alfo a kinde of Knot grafle common¬ ly called in Latin Herniaria : in Engiifh Rup¬ ture woort,or Rupture grafle. It is a bafe and lowc creeping herbe, hailing many finall flender braunchcs trailing vpon the grounde 1 , yet very tough and full of little knots fomewhat rtddifh, whereupon do growe very finall leaues like thofeof Time;among which comefoorthlittle yellowifh flowers which turne into very fmall feede, & great quantitie thereof, confidering the ftnalnefle of the plant, growing thickecluftering togither by cer- taine fpaces. The whole plant is of a yellowifh greene colour.The roote is very flender and Angle. There is another kinde of Herniaria ailed Mil- legranxpx all feed,that groweth vpright a handfull high, withmanie Analland tender braunches, fee with leaues like the former, but few in number, ha¬ iling as it were two finall leaues and no more. The with fcedcsor graines, like the feedes ofPanicke,but k The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. He The place. It ioycth in barren and fandie grounds,and is likewife founde in dankifh places that lie wide open v to the Wne,it doth growe and profper in my garden exceedingly. He The time. It flowreth and flourilheth inMaie,Iune,Iiilie,and Auguft. He 7 he names. It is called of the latter Herbariftes Hermann , and Herniola : taken from the effect in curing the dileafe Hernia: of diuers Herb a Tuna , and Empetron : in Frencli Boutonet ; in Englifh Rupture woort 3 and Burftwoort. He The temperature. Rupture woort doth notably drie,and throughly cloleth vp togither andfaftneth. He The vertues. It is reported, that being drunke it is Angular good for ruptures, and that very many that haue beeneburften,were reftored to health by the vie of this herbe: alio the powder heereof taken with wine, dothmakeamantopifle that hath his water ftopt, and that it wafteth awaie the Hones in the kidneies,and expclleth them. Ofvpilde Time * Chap .164,0 1 SerptUimvulgare. 5 2 Serf ilium vulgarefore albo a Wilde Time. White wilde i ime. He The defeript: on. 1 Y) Oth Diofcorides and Plinie make twokindes of Serptdum, thatis, ofcreepingor wilde Time, fj whereof the firft is our common creeping Time,which is lo well knowen,that it needeth no delcription 3 yet this ye ill all vnderlland,that it beareth dowers of a purple colour,as euerie bodieknoweth.Of which kinde I found another lbrt,with flowers as white as fnowe.and haue plan¬ ted it iri my garden, where it becommeth an herbe of great beautie. 2 This wilde Time that bringeth foorth white flowers, differeth not from the other, hut onely in the colour of the flowers. . r There is another kinde of Scrpilluin, which greweth in gardens, hifmell and fauour tefemu bling Marierom. It hath leaues like Organie, or wilde Marierome, butfomewhat whitef, putting foorth many Email ffalkes,fer full ofleaues like Rue, but longer, narrower, and harder. The flowers are of a biting taftc.and pleafant imell. The whole plant grovverh vpright, whereas the other cree- peth along vpon the earth,catchinghold where it groweth, and fpreading itfelfe far abroad. Ff 4 3 SerpillM 45<5 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 SerpiUtim rntLitttforepur pur co clusij dr L’Obtlij, Great purple wilde Time. 4 Serp/llum maim fere albo . Great white wilde Time. 5 Serpilhrw folijs amarncL TimeMarierom. £ Serpillum Creticum. Wilde Time of Candie. 457 HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. # 7 he definition. 3 This great wildc Time creepeth not as the others do, but ftandeth vpright, and bringeth forth little (lender branches full of leaues like thole of Rue; yet narrower, longer, and harder. The flow¬ ers be of a purple colour, and of a twinging biting talk : it groweth vpon rocks, and is hotcer than any of the others a This other great one with white flowers differeth not from the precedent, hauing many knaps or heads,of a milke white colour,which fetteth foorth the difference. 5 This wilde Time creepeth vpon the ground, fet with many leaues by couples like thofe of Mar- ierom,but le(Ter,of the fame fmell: the flowers arc of a reddifh colour. The roote is very threddie. 6 Wilde Time of Candie is like vnto the other wilde Times, fauing that his leaues are narrower and longer. The fmell is more aromaticall than any of the others, wherein is the difference. There is a kinde of wilde Time, growing vpon the mountaines of Italic called Serpillum Citratum , that is,hauing the fmell of a Pome Citron,or a Limon,which giueth it the difference from the other wilde Times. & The place. The firft groweth vpon barren hils,and vntoiled foilcs,the fecond groweth in gardcns.The white kinde I found at Southfleetc in Kent, in a barren field bcionging to one Mailer William Swan. if 1 he time. They flower from May to the end of fommer. if ‘The names. •. A Wilde Time is Called in Latine Serpillum).ferpepdopi creeping: in high and Iowe Dutch ClUEiP &0l,and UiilllCfl CfcjmiU&and alfo £>nftr p^OUlr cn hC^atflO X in Spanifh Serpol: in Italian Serpillo: in French Pillolet : inEnglifh wildc Time,Pulia!l Mountaine,Pella mountaine, running Timc,crec- pingTime,Mother of Time, and out Ladies Bedftrawe. Vet there is another herbe hauing the fame name,called alfo Gallium : it is doubtles Serpillum veterum : of fome Apothecaries named Fuleguwi montanum\ notwithftanding it anfwereth not fb well to the wilde Times, as to Diojcortdes his Saxtfranga: for if it be diligently compared with the defeription of Time and Saxtfranga, it fhall be found to be little like the wilde Times, but very much like to Saxifranga^ being none of the kindes of theolde phifitions wilde Time, but SaxijrangaDiofcorid.it: for faith he, Saxijranga is an herbe like Time,growingon rocks where our common wilde Time is oftentimes found. Aelianu* in his ninth bookeof his fundriehiflories, feemeth to number wilde Time among the flowers. Dionyfius Iunior ,faith he,comming into the citie Locris in Italic, pofleffed moil of the holl¬ ies of the citie, and did flrewe them with rofes, wilde Time, and other fuch kindes of flowers. Yet Virgtl'm the fecond Eglog of his Bucolicks, doth mofl manifcflly tellifie, that wildc Time is an herbc,and not a fhrubbic plant,in thefe wordcs, T he By Id dr rapidofefismeflorihusajlu iMlha fe rpillurnque^ h er bus contundit olentes . Theflylis,to eafe men wearied with parching heate; Garlick ,wiid Time and holfome herbes prouides to eate. Out of which place it may be gathered, that common wilde Time is the true and right Serpillum , or wilde Time,'which the Grecians callep^w^®-- Mar cellus^ olde ancient author among the French men,faith it is called GiUrum^xs Phnim Valerianus faith it is called of the fame Laurio . it 7 he temperature. Wilde Time is of temperature hot and drie in the third degree: it is of thinne and fubtill partes, cutting,and much biting. if Thc'ucrtues. It bringeth do wne the defired ficknes, prouokethvrinc, applied in bathes and fomentations it A procuiethfweate: being boiled in wine, ithelpeththe ague, iteafeththeftrangurie, itflaieththe hicket,it breaketh the (tones in the bladder, it helpcth the Ly thargie,frenfie,and madnes, and ftai- cth the vomiting of blood. Wilde Time boiled in wine anddrunke,is good againft the wambling andgripingsof thebellie, B riipturcs,conuiilfions,and in flammations of the liuer. Ithclpeth againft the bitingsof any venemous bead, cither taken in drinke, or outwardly ap- C plied. * AEtiui : V) Z THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE < sfEttas writeth, that Serf Mum infilled well in vineger, and then fodden and mingled with role w ater,is a nght lingular remedie to cure them that haue had a long phrenfle or ly thargie. p Galen preferibeth one dram of the iuice to be giuen in vineger againft the vomiting of bloud, " and helpeth fuch as arc greeued with the fplccnc. Of garden Time. Chap. 165. ^ 7 ’hekindes. There be two forts of garden Time among the old writers 3 the latter Herbarifts haue found more. 1 Thymtw durius* 2 Thymum Uitfolium. Ha^d Time. Great or broade leafed Time. & The description. 2 Hp He firft kinde of Time is fo well knowen, that it needeth no defeription, bicaufe there is not ■*“ any which are ignorant what T hymurn durius is,I meane our common Garden Time. 2 The leconde kinde of Time with broadeleaues , hath many wooddie braunches riling from a threddie roote, befet with leaues lik eMyrtm. The flowers are fetin rundels about the ftalke like Horehounde.The whole plant is like the common Time in tafte and fmell. 3 Time of Candie is in all refpedls like vnto common Time, but differcth in that, that this kinde hath certaine knoppie tufts like vnto the Irnall cares of PhaUris^ and not much vnlike the Ip ikes or knopsof St&cades, but much Jelfer 5 befet with (lender flowers of a purple colour. The whole plant is of a more pontick and gratious fmell then any of the Times,and of another kinde of tafte^s it were fauoring like Ipice. The roote is brittie,and of a woodie fubftance. 4 Doubtlelle that kinde of Time vvhereon Eptthymum doth growe, (and is called for that caule Epithyrntm, and vied in Ihoppes,) is nothing elle then Dodder that groweth vpeon Time; and is all one with ours, though Mathiolus makes acontrouerlie& difference therof: for Penal ra¬ nching oner the hils in Narbonc neere the fea^ hath leene not onely the garden Time, but the wilde Time HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 459 Time Iikewife, Ioden and garnifhed with this Epithymum.So that by his fight and mine ovvne know. ^ ledge, I am allured that it is not another kinde of Time thatbeareth Epithymum 3 but is common Time: for I bane often foundc the lame in Englande, not oncly vpon our Time,but vpon Sauorie, and other herbes alfo: notwithstanding, thus much I may coniedture, that the clymate of thole countries doth yceldcthcfamefoorthin greater abundance then ours, byreafonof the intempe¬ rance ofcolde 3 whercunto our countrey is fubiedi. 3 ' ThymamCreticnm. TimeofCandie. 4 Epithymum Grttortan. Laced Time. I # The pUce. Thefe kindes of Time growe plentifully in England euery where, except that with broad leaiies, and Time of Candie 3 which I haue in my garden. # T he time. They flourifh from Maic vnto September. Then Ames. The firft may be called harde Time, or common garden Time: the feconde broade leafed Time: the thirde Time of Candic 3 our Englifh women call it Muske Time: the iaft may be called Dodder Time. ^ The nuture. Thefe kindes of Time arc hot and drie in the thirde degree. Thevertucs. Time boiled in water and honie and drunken, is good againft the cough and fhortnefle of the A brcath;it prouoketh vrine, expelleth the fecondine or afterbirth 3 and the dead childcjand diflolucth clotted or congealed bloud in the bedie. The fame drunke with vinegcrand fait, purgeth flegmc: and boiled in Meade or Metheglin, B clenfeth the brefl,lungs,reines,and matrix,and killeth wormes. Made into powder and taken in the waight of three drams with Meade or honied vineger, called C Oximelfj 4 ^o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Oximelljand a little fair, purge th by ftoole tough and clammie flegine, fharpe cholcrickc humours, and ail corruption of blood. D The fame taken in like fort,is good again# the Ifchiatica, the paine in the fide and breft, a sainft the winde in the fide and bellie , and is profitable alfo for fuchas are fearefuil, melancholike^ and troubled in minde. E It is good to be giuen vnto thofe that haue the falling fickneflc to fmcll vnto. P Epithymum, after Galenas of more cfFe&uall operation in Phificke then Time,being hot & dry in the third degree, more mightily clenfing, heating, drying, and opening then Cufcuta, hailing right good effed to eradicate melancholie,or any other humour in the fpiecne,or other difeafe,fprong by occafion of the fpleenc. G E helpeth the long continued paincs of the head, and beftdes his Angular effects about fpleneti- call matters; it helpeth the lepry, or any difeafe of melancholic, or hypochondriacs , all quartaine agues,and fuch like griefes proceeding from the fplecne. H Diofcorides faith ^Epithymum drunke with honied water,pulleth downe by fiege flegme, called Pi- tutta, and melancholic. I Of his natiue propertie it releeueth them which be melancholike, or houen vp, fwollen in the face and other parts, ifyou pound Epithymumand take the fine powder thereof in the quantitie of fower fcruples in the liquor which tiie apothecaries call Pafjumpt with Oximell and fait, which ta- keth away all flatuous humours and ventofiues. % Of Sauorie . Qbap.\6^ 9 The kinde$. * T 1 Here be two kinds of Sauorie, the one that endureth winter 8 z is of long continuance: the * other an annuall or yeerly plant,that perifherh at the time when it hath perfe&cd his (cede,and muft be fowen agairic the next ycere,which we call Sommer Sauorie,or Sauorie of a yecre. There is likewife another,which is a ftrangcr in England, called o ‘iL'Cleum Thymbra. nying it to be the right Saturday or Sauorie, whether that of TObelita , or that wc haue in our Enghfh gar¬ dens be the true Winter Sauorie ; is yet dilputable: for we thinke thatofS.Iulians rocke,to be rather a wildc kinde, than otherwife. \\ The description. T r ^ r * _ r r 1 t I 7 Inter Sauorie is aplant refcmbling HyHope,but lower,more tender,and brittle ritbrin- V V f° ort h very many branches, compaflcd on eueric fide with narrowe and fharpe pointed leaucs, longer than thofe of Time , among which growc the flowers, from the bottom to the top,out offmalihuskes, of colour white, tending to a light purple. The roote is hard and wooddie,as is the reft of the plant. 2 Sommer Sauorie groweth vp with a (lender brittle (hike a foote high, diuided into little bran¬ ches : the leaues arc narrow,Idler than thofe of Hy{ope,like the Icaues of Winter Sauorie,but thin¬ ner fet vpon the branches. The flowers ftand hard to the branches, of a light purple tending to whitenes.The roote is fmall,full of firings,and perifheth when it hath perfected his feede. 3 This fmall kinde of Sauorie, which llobel hath fet foorth vnder the title Thymbra S.Iuliani , bi- caufe it groweth plentifully vpon the rough cliffcs of the Tyrrhenian fea in Italic > called Saint Julians rocke,it hath tender twiggie branches an handful! high, of a vvooddie fubftance, fet full of leaues from the bottom to the top, very thicke thruft togithcr like vnto thofe of Time, failing that they be (mailer and narrower, bringing foorth at the top of the (prigs a round fpikie tuft, of fmall pui plifh flowers. The whole plant is whitifh tending to a bleake colour, and of a hot and fharpe taft v,and well fmelling. 1 Satartia HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 451 1 Satureia hortenfis. Winter Sauofic. 2 Satureia hort&ijis &si ina . Summer Sauorie. 3 Satureia Sancit Ittlinm. Rocke Sauoric. & The place. They are fowen in gardens, and bring foorth their flowers the firfl: yeere of their lowing. The time. They flower in Inly and Auglift. The names. Sauorie is called in Greekneither hath it any other true name in Latine than Thymbra, The interpreters would haue it called Satnnia, wherin they are repugnant to Columella a Latilie writer, who doth fhevv a manifeA difference betweene Thymhra and Sat nr eta, in his tenth book where he writethjthat Sauorie hath the tafte of lime, and of Thymbra^ox. Winter Sauorie. Et Sutureia Thymi referens ThyYnbran., faporcm . Sauorie is like Thyme in tafte,but not in lent: So winter Sauorie from it is different. Notwithftanding the contradiction of Columella , or whofoeuer, our Winter Sauorie may be that Thymbra ,called alfo Ctinila : in high Dutch ftiitlCl € fctlTOJ, and inlowe Dutch CCUl£H X which name, asitfeemeth, is drawenoutof Cnnila: in Italian Sauoreggta ; in Spanifh Axedrea , and Sagonda: in French Sarrictte: in Englifh S-uoriCjWinter Sauorie,and Sommer Sauorie. £ it The temperature and vertues. Winter Sauorie is of temperature hot and drie in the third degree, it maketh thinne, cutteth 5 it A clenfeth Ill THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE clenfeth the paflages,to be briefest is altogither of like vertuc with Time. , Sommer Sauorie is not full fo hot as Winter Sauorie, and therefore faith Biojcorides , more fit to be vied in medicine : it maketh thin, and doth maruellouflypreuaileagainftwinde ; therefore it is with good fucccflc boiled and eaten with beanes, peafon,and other windie pulfes, yea if it be appli¬ ed to ithe belly in a fomentation, it foorthwith helpeth the mother proceeding of windc. Of Dodder. Chap .166. CufcuttJiueCaffntha. Dodder. * 7 'hedefeription. C J^/tf^or Dodder, is a ftrange herbe, al- togither without leaues or roote, like vn- tothreds very much fiiarled or wrapped togither, confufedly winding it felfe about bufhes and hedges, and fundrie kinde^ of herbes. The threds arefomewhatred: vpon which growhcerc and there little rounde heads or knops, bringing foorth at the firftflender white flowers, afterward afmallfced. •frlhe place. This herbe groweth vpon fimdrie kindes of herbes,as vpon Time, Winter Sauorie, German¬ der, and fuch like, taking his name from the herbe whereupon it doth growe, as that vpon Time is called Epithymum , vpon Line or flaxc Epilinum, and fo of others, as Dodonaus fetteth foorth at large: yet hath he forgotten one among the reft:, which groweth very plentifully in Sommcrfet- fhire vpon ncttles.-neither is it the Ieaft among ma- nie, cither in beautie or operation,but comparable to the beft Epithymum : following therefore the ex¬ ample of Diofcorides ,I haue thought good to call it Epiurtica ,and fo of the reft according to the herbe whereon they do growe. ft The names. The greateft is called in (hops eucry where Cuf- cut a: and of diuers bicaufe it groweth vpon flaxe or Ly nt,Eoda.gr a Lini i the better learned do name hCaffutha, or CaJJytha: and Gefnerm MvoS'wmr. the Arabians kejfutb, and C hafuth: in Dutch and X in high Dutch jfllferfltlt: in French Goute d' Lin, and Tigne de Ltn: in EnglifTi Dodder. That Idler and flenderer which wrappeth it felfe vpon Time and Sauorie,is called of Biofiorides Ztidvfioy, the apothecaries keepe the name Epithymum: others, among whom is Aquarius ,name that Epithymum which groweth vpon Time onely, and that which groweth on Sauorie Epithymbrum, and that alfo which hangeth vpon Stesha ,or Scabious,they terme Epidtashen ,giuing a peculiar name to euery kinde. # The nature. The nature of this herbe changcth and altcreth, according to the nature and qualitic of the herbes wherupon it groweth: fo that by fearching of thenatureof theplant you may eafilie finde out the temperament of the laces growing vpon the fame. But more particularly; it is of tempera¬ ture fotnewhatmore drie then hot, and that in the leconde degree : it alfo clenfeth with a ccrtainc aftridiue or binding qiialkie, and efpecially that which is founde growing vpon the bramble: for it alfo receiueth a certainc nature from his parents on which it groweth *, for when it groweth vpon the hotter herbes,as Time and Sauorie,it becommeth hotter and drier, and of thinner parts: that which commeth ofBrome prouoketh vrine more forcibly, and makesh the bellie morefolublc rand that is moifter which groweth vpon flaxe: that which is founde vpon the bramble hath ioined with •" " ". it. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 463 it, as weluuefaide,abindingqualitie, which alfo by reafon of thisfacultie ioyncd by good right cure other infirmities ofthcliucr and milt: for feeing that it hath both a purging and binding fa- cultie vnited to it, it is moil: fingular good for the entrals: for Galen in his \ 3. booke of the methods of curing,doth at large declare that iuch medicines are fitteft of all for the iiuer and milte. & The vertues. This kinde of Dodder remooucth the ftoppings of the liner and of the milt or fplecnc, it disbur- A, deneththe vcincsof flegmatike, cholcrickc, corrupt andftiperfluoushumours: prouoketh vrine gently,and in a meane openeth the kidneies,curcth the yellowc iaundife which arc ioined with the Sopping ofthcliucr and gall: it is a remcdicagainft lingring agucs,corrupt and long tertians,q'jar- , tains alfo, and properly agues in infants and yoong children, zsMeJuesitathmSerapio: who alio tcacheth,that the nature of Dodder is to purge choler by the ftoole, and that more etfeftually if ic haue Wormcvvoode ioined with it 5 but too much vfing of it,is hurtful! to the ftomacke: yet Avian writeththatit doth not hurt it, but ftrengthcncthaweakeor feeble ftomacke; which opinion alfo wcdo better aliowc of. Epithymum, or the Dodder which groweth vpori Time; is hotter and drier then the Dodder that B grovveth vpon fi axe,that is to faie, cuen in the thirds degree, as Galen laith. It helpeth all the infir¬ mities of the milte: it is a remcdicagainft obftru&ions and hard wennie fwdlingr,: it taketh awaie oldc head aches,the falling fickncfte, madneftc that commerh of melancholie, and efpecially that which procecdcth from thcfplcenc and parts thereabout: it is good for thofe that haue the French difcafe,and fuch as be troubled with contagious vlccrs,the Icprofie^and the fcabbie euill. Itpurgeth downwards blacke and mclancholickc humours, as ^fetim y '^Affuariu* y A\'\&Mefues C write; and alfo flegme as Diofcorides noteth: that likewife purgeth by ftoole which groweth vpon Sauoric Snd Scabious,but more wcakcly,as Aclu&rius faith. Cufcuta .)or Dodder that groweth vpon flaxc,boiled in water or wine and drunk,opencth the ftop- D pings ofthe Iiuer, the bladder, the gall,the milt^thc kidneics and vcincs, and purgeth both by fiege and vrine cholcricke humours. It is good againft the ague which hath continued a long time,and againft the iaundife, I meane E that Dodder especially that groweth vpon brambles. Epiurtita or Dodder growing vpon nettles, is a moft fingular and cfre&ual medicine to prouoke F vrine,and to loofc the obftru&ions of the body,and is prooued oftentimes in the weft parts to haue good fucccfte againft many maladies. OfHyjfope. Chap.\6j . . ,f “it The kincUs. 'T 1 Here be diuers fortes of Hyflbpc, fome greater, others lefier, fome with white flowers, others A of a purplifh blew colour,as fhall be declared in this prefent chapter. it The defeription. 1 T^V Iofcsridcsxhax. gauc fo many rules for the knowledge of fimples, hath left Hyftbpe altogK J^/ ther without defcripti'on, as being a plant fo well knowen, that it needed none: whofe ex¬ ample I follow not oncly in this plant, but in many others which be common, toauoidc teaioufhcs to die reader. 2 The fccond kinde of Hyftbpe is like the former, which is our common Hyftopc, snd differeth in that,that this Hyftopc hath his fmail and flender branches decked with faire red flowers. I Hyflopib t THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Hyfjoput ^fr& hum. Hyflopc with blew flowers. 2 HyJpPtu Lsfrabumfore rubro. Hyflope with rcddifh flowers. tfr The deferiptm. j 3 The third kinde of Hyflope hath Ieaues, lhlkes,branches, leede, and roote, like the common Hyflope,and differeth in the flowers oncly,which are as white as fnowe* 4 Thiskindeof Hylfope of all the reftis of the greateft beautie; k hath a wooddic roote»tough, and full of firings; from which rife vp (mall, tough, and (lender flexible ftalkes, whereupon do grow infinite numbers of fmall Fenell-Iike Ieaues,much relcmbling thole of thelinalleft grafl'cjcf aplea- fant fweet fmell,and aromaticke taftc, like vnto the reft of the Hyflbpes, but much liveeter: at the top of the ftalkes do groweamongft the Ieauesfinal! hollow flowers, of a blewifh colour tending to purple,The leedes as yet I could fteuer oblerue. We haue in England in our gardens another kind,whofe pidhire it (hall be needleflc to exprcftc, conlidcring that in few words it may be dcliuered. It is like vnto the former,but the Ieaues are fotne of them white,lotne greeners the other jand feme greenc and white,mixed and fpotted,very good¬ ly to beholde. Of which kinde we haue in our gardens morcoucr another fort, whole Ieaues are woonderfully curledjroiighj'andhairie, growing thicke thruft togither, making as it were a tuft of Ieaues jin taftc and ftnell, and in all other things like vnto the common Hyflopc. f Ihauelikewileinmy garden another fort of HyUope, growing to the forme of a fmall wooddic flmib,hauing very faire broad Ieaues like vnto thole cr Money woort, but thicker, fuller of iuice,and of a darker greene colour • in tafte and fmell like the common Hyflope. Z Tfyjfefw HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 465 3 Hyffopuedbiifloribus. litc ftowrcd Hyflopc. 4 Hyjfopus temifoli a. Thin leafed Hyflopc. •fr The place. All thefe kindes of Hyflopc do growe in my garden,and in fome others alfo. •k The time. They flower from Iunc, to the end of Auguft. it The names. Hyflope is called in Lztine Hyffopus : the which name is likewife retained among the German^ Brabanders,French men,Italians,and Spaniards. Therefore that (hall fuffice,which hath beenc fet downe in their feuerall titles. •Si The temperature and vertues. A decoftion ofHyflope made with figs,and gargled in the mouth and throtc,rfaenerh an.c bre> A keth the tumors and impoftumes of the mouth and throte, and cafech the difficuidc of Iwaiiov-n ;g. comming by cold rheumes. The fame made with figs, water, honie, and rue, and drunken, helpcth the inflammation of the B lungSjthe olde cough,and fhortnes ofbreath,and the obftru&ions or (loppings of the bread. Thefirupeor iuice of Hyflope taken with the firupe of vineger, purgeth by ftoole tough and C clammie flegme,and driueth foorth woormes, ifit be eaten witl 1 figs. The diddled water drunke,is good for thole difeafes before named,but not with that (pcede,and D force. OfHedge Hyjjope . fhap.16%. ^ The defer if tion. Edge Hyflope is a lowe plant or herbcabouc a fpan long, very like vnto the common hyflope, with many lquare ftalkes or (lender branches, belet with leaues fomwhat larger than Hyflope,but very like. The flowers growe betwixt the leaues vpon (hort ftems,of a Gg i white 466 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE white colour declining to blcwnes. All the herbs is of a mod bitter tafte, like the fmall Centorie. The roots is little and threddie,dilating it lelfe far abroad 5 by which meanes it multiplicth greatly, and occupieth much ground where it groweth. 2 Broad leafed Hedge Hyffope hath many finalland tender branches,fower fquare,and fomwhat hollow or furrowed, befet with Ieaucs by couples one oppofite againft another, like vntothc for- mer, but fomewhat fhorter and much broader: among which grow the flowers of a purple colour, {pot ted on the infide with white, and of a brighter purple than the reft of the flower, fafhiqned like the fmallcft Antirrhinum, or leaft Snapdragon; which being paft, there fuccecd little feed vcflels, fafhioned like the nut of a croflebowe, which conteinefmall yellowifh feede, extreme bitter of tafte. The whole plant is likewile bitter,as the common or well knowen Grattola. The roote is corn- pad of a great number ofwhitifh firings,iatangled one within another, which mightily increafcth and fpreadeth abroad. 1 Gratiola. Hedge Hyffope. 2 Gratiola latifolia. Broad leafed Hedge Hyffope. & The place. The ftrft groweth in Iowc and moift places naturally, which I haue planted in my garden. The fccond groweth Iikcwife in moift places. I found it growing vpon the bog or marrifh ground at the further end of Hampftced heath, and vpon the fame heath towards London, ncere vnto the head of the fprings that were digged for water to be conueied to London 1590. attempted by that care¬ ful! citizen fir lohn Hart Knight, Lord Maior of the Citic of London: at which time my felfe was iti his Lordfhips company,and viewing for my plcafure the fame goodly fprings,! found the faid plant, not heretofore remembied. * The time. The firft flo wreth in May, the fecond in Auguft. 4 6 7 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ The names. Hedge Hyflope is called in Latine G rat sola , and Gratia Dei , or the Grace of God; notwithftan- ding there is a kinde of Geranium, or Storkcs bill, called by the lame name. Of Cor dm Limnejium , and Centaur is of Anguilhra and Diofcondes : and alio Papauer Jpumcum , or Spading Poppie: but there is another herbe comprehended vnder the fame name, which we call Behenalbum : in Dutch it is called gratis X in Italian Stanca cauallo , bicaule that horfes when they haue eaten ther- of,do waxe leane and languifh thereupon: and in Englifh Gratia Dei, and Hedge Hyflope. The feede hereof is called Gihenech^ which name the Arabians do reteine vnto this day.. # The temperature . Hedge yiflope is hot and drie of temperature. ie The vertucs. Who lo taketh but one fcruple of Gratiola bruiled, fhall percciue euidently his effe&uall opera- A tion & vertue, in purging mightily, and that in great abundance, watrifh, grofle, & flimie humors. Ccnradtti Gefnerus experimented this, and found it to be true, and fo haue I my lelfe and many others. Gratiola boiled,and the deco&ion drunke or eaten with any kinde of meate, in manner of a fal-B ladejopeneth the belly,and caufeth notable loofenes,and to fcowre freely,and by that meanes pur- geth grofle flegmes,andcholerike humors. Gratiola^ or Hedge Hyflope boiled in wine and giuen to drinke, helpcth feuers of what fort C loeuer, and is moft excellent in dropfies, and fuch like difeafes proceeding of colde and waterie caufes. r. ’ - The extra&ion giueri with the powder of cinamom and a little of the iuice of Calamint, preuai - D leth againft tertian and quotidian feuers, let downe for moft certaine by the learned Ioachimus Ga¬ mer arim. OfLauanderJpikg* Chap.169, I Lauandulaflore caruleo. Common Lauander fpike. 2 Lauandulaflore alho. White flowred Lauander Ipike. Qg 2 # The ■ 4 <S8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The defer if tion. 1 T Auander fpike hath many ffciffe branches of a wooddiefubftance, growing vp in manner of | a fhrub,fet with many long hoaric leaues, by couples for the moft part;of a ftrongfmell,yet pleafant ynough to fuch as lone ftrong fauors. The flowers growe at the top of the bran¬ ches fpike fafhion 5 of a blew colour.The roote is hard and wooddie. 2 Thefeconddiffereth not from the precedent, but in the colour of the flowers : for this plant bringeth milke white flowers ;arid the other blew,wherein efpecially confifleth the difference. ft The description. 3 We hauc in our Enghflh gardens a final kinde of Lauander, which is altogither lefier than any of the other of his kinde, wherein confifteth the difference. ft Theplace. ' ' In Spaine,and Languedocke in France,moft of the mountaines and defert fieldes, are as it were couered ouer with Lauander. In thefe cold coun¬ tries they are planted in gardens. ft The time. They flower and flourifh in Iune and Inly. ft The names. Lauander fpike is called in Latine Lauandula y and Spica : in Spanifh Spigo, and Languda. The firftisthemale, and the feconde the female. It is thought of fome to be that fweete herbe Cafta y whereof Virgil maketh mention in the feconde Eclog of his Bucolicks. Turn Cafia atcjtic alijsintexensftauibus her bis , Molha luteola pingit vac ini a Calt ha. The maide faire hir gar]ad decks with flowers gay That yeeld a fragrant fmel as frefh as fomer may; Mingling fweete Lauander and yellow Marigold With purple violet,moft pleafant to behold. And likewife in the fourth of his Georgicks,where he intreateth of choofing of feates and places for Bees,and for the ordering thereof. Hac circum Cafia virides , & olentia late Serpilla$ grauiter fir antis copia Thywbra^ About the feates ofBees many brauc herbes are planted That with pleafant aires All the places of them haunted. As Lauander,wilde Time and Thymber,moft fweete in lent Breathing foorth ftrong finels,their appetites oft to content. Yet there is another Cafia y called in fhops Cinamomum , and Canella , as alfo Cafanigra y which is named Cafia fifiula ; & another a fmall fhrubbie plant extant among the fhrubs or hedge bufhes cal¬ led Cafia poetic a. ft 7 he tempera ture. Lauander is hot and drie, and that in the third degree, and is of a thin fubftance, confiftingof many airieand fpirituall partes. Therefore it is good to be giuen any way againft the difeafes of the head, and efpecially thofe which haue their originallor beginning not of abundance of humors, but chiefly ofaqualitieonely. ft Thevertues. A The diftilled water of Lauander (melt vnto, or the temples and forehead bathed therewith, is a refrefhing to them that haue the Catalepfie, alightMigram, and to them that haue the falling ficknes,8ahat vfe to fwoune much. But when there is abundance of humors,efpecially mixed with blood,it is not then to be vfed fafely,neither is the compofition to be taken, which is made ofdiftil- led wine : in which fuch kinde of herbes, flowers, or feedcs, and certaine fpices are infufed or fteeped, 3 Lauandula hortenfs minima. The Smalleft Lauander. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4*9 fteeped, though moft men dorafhly andatTduenture giuc them without making any difference at all. For by vfing fuch hot things that fill and ftuffe the head, both the dileafe is made greater,and the ficke man alfo brought into danger, efpecially when letting ofblood, or purging haue not gone before. This much by way of admonition, bicaufe euery wheie diners rafn and ouerbold Apo¬ thecaries, and other foolifh women, do by and by giue fuch compofitions, andotherspf the like kindc,not onely to thofe that haue the Apoplexie; but alfo to thofe that cannot fleepe,& haue alfo * an ague; to whom they can giuc nothing worfe, feeing thofe things do very much hurt, and often¬ times bring death it felfe. The flowers of Lauander picked from theknaps,I meane the blew part, and not the huske,mixed B with Cinamom,nutmegs, and cloues,made into powder, and giuen to drinke in the diftilled water thereof, doth helpe the panting and paflion of the hart, prcuaileth againft giddinefle, turning, or fwimming of the braine.and members fubied to the paifie. Conferuemadeof the flowers withfugar, profitech much againft thedileafesaforefaid, if the^ quantitieof a beane be taken thereof in the morning fading. It proficeth them much that'haue the paifie, if they be wafhed with the diddled waterof thep> flowers, or annointed with the oile made of the flowers and oile oliue, in fuch manner as oile of rofes is, which fh all be expreffed in the treadle of Roles. OfFrench Lauander,or Stic/^adoue* Chap a 7 o. l StacJjMfiue(pica, hortnUm . Sticadouc and Sticados. 2 Stocchaa multifiAa.. lagged Sticados. m Ms St *kThe dejcrtpthn . 1 T“? Rench Lauander hath a body like Lauander,fhort,and of a woodie fubftance, but flenderer, befet with long narrow leaues,ofa whitifh coIour,lefier then thole of Lauander: it hath in the top bufhie or Ipikie heads,well compact or tbruft togitherjout of the which grow foorth fmall purple flowers, ofa pleafantfineli. The feede isfmalland blackilh: the roote is hardc and woodie. -- - — . - Gg 3 3 Ibis 47° TH E SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 This lagged Sticadoue hath many {mall ftife ftalkes of a woody fubftance 5 whereupon do grow jagged leaues in fhape like vnto the leaues of Dill, butofanhoarie colour: on the top of the ftalks do growe fpike flowers of a blewifn colour 5 and like vnto the common Lauander fpike. The roote is like wife wood ie. ... \ . 3 St (echosfolio ferrato. Toothed Sticadoue. ft The defeription . 3 There is alfo a certaine kinde heereof, diffe¬ ring in fmalnefie of the leaues onely, which are rounde about the edges nicked or toothed like a fawe,refemblin g thole of Lauander cotton. The roote is Iikewife woodie. ft The place. Thefe herbs do grow wilde in Spaine, in Lan- guedock in Fraunce, and the Hands called Stoe- chades oner againft Maffilia: wehaue them in our gardens, and kept with great diligence, from the iniurie of our colde clymate. ft The time. Theyarefowenofleedeinthe end of April!, and couered in the winter from the colde, or elfe fet in pots or tubs with earth, andcaried into houfes. ft The names. The apothecaries do cal the flower Stcecado t: Diofcorides^^'Galensor^t^ by the diphthong 01 in the firft fillable: in Latin Stcechas: ’m high Dutch 0 tsdja .3 kraut: inSpanifh Tomam, and Can- Pteffo: in Engbflh French Lauander, Steckado, St!ckadoue,Caffidonie, and fomefimple people imitating the fame name doe call it, Call me downe. ft The temperature. French Lauander faith Galcnxs of tempera¬ ture compounded of a little colde earthie fubftaunce,by reafon whereof it bindeth: it is offeree to take away obftru&ions, to extenuate ormakethinne, tofcoureandclenfe, and to ftrengthen not onely alkhe entrailes,but the whole bodie alfo. ft Thevertues. D/^or/^teacheththatthedeco<Tionthereof dothhelpcthedifeafesof the cheft, and is with goodlucceffe mixed w ith counterpoifons. g The later phifitions afhrme, that Stoech.u, and efpecially the flowers of it, are moft effeduall againft paines ofthehead, and all difeafesthereofproceeding of colde caufes, and therefore they be mixed in all compofitionsalmoft which are made againft headachoflong continuance, the apoplexie,the falling fickneffe,and fuch likeciifeafcs. C The decodkm ofthehuskes and flowers drunke,openeth tbeftoppings of the liner,the lungs, the milt, the mother, thebladder, and in one worde all other inwarde parts, clenfingand drilling foorth all euill and corrupt humours,and procureth vrinc. v Of Pie amort. Qjap.iji. .7 W uu ft The defeription. j ITS Syllitm , or the common Fleawoort, hath many round and tender branches, fet full of long J ^ and narrow leaues fornewhat hairie.The top of the ftalkes are garnifhed with fundrie round chaflieknops, befet with fmali yellow flowers; which being ripe, containe mahy littlefhi- ning feedes,in proportion,colour,and bignes like vnto fleas, ‘ ■. ■ 2 The HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 471 2 The fccond kinde of Pfylhum , or Fleawoort, hath long and tough branches, of a wooddie fub- llance like the precedent, but longer & harder,with leaues rclembling the former, but much longer & narrower. Tire chaffie tuft which containeth the feed is like the other,but more like the care of Pbalaru , which is the care of Alpijli^ the Canaric feede which is mcate for birdes, that come from the Hands of Canarie. Th^roote hereof ladeth all the winter, and likewife keepeth his grccne lcaucs,whereof it tookc his name. I PfyIliumfmepulicarh herbu Fleawoort. 2 PfyUrumfemper virens L'Obelij. Neuer dying Fleawoort. k Theplace. Thcfc plants are not growing in our fieldes of England, as they do in France and Spaine, yeti hauc them growing in my garden. k The time. They flower in Line and July. k 7 he names. Fleawoort is called in Greekcd^' 01 ': in Latine Pulicam , and Herb a Pulicaru : in fhops Pfyllmm • inEnglifh Fleawoort, notbicaufeit killeth fleas, butbicaufethefeedsarelikefleas: and of fomc Fieabane, but vnproperly. in Spanish largatona: in French L'herbe aws pulces : in Dutch IDupigf & 7 he temperature. Galen and Serapio record,that the feede of Pfyllium , which is chiefly vfed in medicine, is colde in thefecond degree,and temperate in moifture and drinefie. •k T he vertues. The feede ofFleawoort boiled in water, or infus’d, and the decodiion or infufion drunke, pur- A geth downwardes aduft and cholericke humors, odoleththe heate of the inward partes,hot feuers, burning agues,and fuch like difeafesproceeding of heate,and quencheth drought and third. The ieede damped, and boiled in water to the forme of a plaider, and applied, taketh away all B dwellings of the ioin ts,efpecially if you boile the fame with vineger and oilc of rofes, and applie it as afortfaid. • V - Cg 4 The 472 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE C The fame applied in maner aforefaid,vnto any burning hcate, called S.Anthonies fire,or any hot and violent flaming impo{tumc,aflvvageth the fame,and bringeth it to ripencs. D Some hold that the herbe ftrowed in the chamber where many fleas be,will clriuc them away ; for which caufe it tooke the name Fleawoort: but I thinke it is rather bicaufc the feede doth referable a flea fo much, that it is hard to difcernc the one from the other. The danger. Too much Fleawoort feedc taken inwardly is very hurtful to mans nature; fo that I wifh you not to follow the mindeof Galen and Vtcfcondcs in this point, being a medicine rather bringing a ma ladic,than taking away the griefe: remembring the oldc prouerbc,Aman may buie gold too decrc: and the honic is too deerethatis licktfrom thornes. OfClone ( jittoflowpers . (fhap.ijz. •& Thekindes. Here are at this day vndcr the name of Caryophyllue, comprehended diuers and fundric | ' 0 i forts of plants, of fuch variable colours, and alfo feucrall fhapes, that a great and large volume would not fufliceto write of eueryone at large in particular jeonfidering how ^ infinite they are, andhoweueryyeere, euery climate and countrie bringeth foorth new forres,fuch as bane not beene heretofore written of j fome whereof a re called Carnations, others Cloue Gilloflowers,fome Sops in wine,fome Pagiants or Pagion colour, Horfcflcfh,bIunket, pur¬ ple, white, double and Angle Gilloflowers, as alfo a Gilloflower with yellow flowers. The which a worfhipfull marchant of London Matter Nicholas Lete, procured from Poland, and gaue me therof for my garden, which before that time was neucr feene nor heard of in thefe countries. Likewife there be fundrie forts of Pinks ,comprehended vnder the fame title,which fhall be deferibed in a fe- uerall chapter. There be vnder the name of Gilloflowers alfo thofe flowers, which we do call Sweet Iohns,and Sweete Williams. And firft of the great Carnation and Cloue Gilloflower. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 473 ft The defer iftion. 1 «He great Carnation Gilloflower hath a rhicke wooddie roote, from which rileth vp many I ftrongiointcdftalks^ fetwith long greene leaues by couples: on the top of the flalkes do A growe very fairc flowers of an excellent fweete Imell, and pleafant Carnation colour, whereof it tooke his name. 2 The Cloue Gilloflowerdiffcrcth not from the Carnation,but in greatnes as well of the flowers as leaues.Thc flower is exceeding well kno wen, as alfo the Pinks and other Gilloflowers,wherfore I will not (land long vpon the defeription. ft The place . Theie Gilloflowers,clpecially the Garnations,aickcpt in pots from the extremitic of our coldc winters.The Cloue Gilloflower endureth better the coid,and therefore is planted in gardens. ft The time. They flourifh and flower moll part of the fomrocr. ft The names. The Cloue Gillo flower is called of the later Herbarilfs Caryophylleusflos, of the knell of Clones, wherewith it is poflefled: in Italian Garofolu in Spanifh Clauel: in French Oeilletz, : in low Dutch ^tnoffelbteemen: in Latinc of moll Ocellus Damafenus, Ocellus Bar banc us, and Barbarica : in Englifh Carnations,and Cloue Gilloflowers.Offome it is called Tetonica^nd Herba Tmica. The which Bernardus Gordons us hath let downc for Dioforides his Polemonie. That woorthie Herbarift and learned phylition of late memorie,Mafter Dodlor Ttimer , maketh Caryophylleus to be Cantabrica , which Plinie in his 2 7,.booke 8.chaptcr, writeth to haue been found outin Spaincabout AugttBu* time,and that by thofe ofBifcay* Johannes Ruellius thought, that the Gilloflower was vnknowen tothcolde writers, whole iudge- ment is very good, elpecially bicaufe this flower is not like to that of Vetonica , or Cantabrica. It is inaruell,faith he,that fuch a famous flower, fo pleafant and fweete, fhould lie hid, and not be made knowenby the oldc writers, which may be thought not inferior to the Rofe inbeautie, fmclland varietic. ft The temperature. The Gilloflower, with the Ieaucs androotes for the moll: part are temperate in heat and drinefle. ft The vert tie s. The Confcrue made of the flowers of the Cloue Gilloflower and fugar,is exceeding cordial!, and A woonderfully aboue meafure doth comfort the hart,being eaten now and then. Itpreuailethagainfthot peftilentiall feuers, expelleththe poifonand furieof thedileale, andB greatly comforteth the ficke,as hath of late been found out by a learned gentleman of Lee in Eflcx, called Mailer Rich. Of^Vinks^or vpilde (jilloflo'rvers. Chap . 173 . ft The defeription. 1 He double purple Pinke hath many graflic leaues,let vpon ffnall iointed llalks by couples, ? one oppofite againll another; whereupon do growe plealant double purple flowers, of a moll fragrant fmell, not ihferiour to the Cloue Gilloflower. The roote is fmall and wooddie. /r . 2 The Angle red Pinke hath likewile many Imall graflic Ieaues,lefler then the former .The flowers growe at the top of the fmall llalkes Angle,and of a fweete bright red colour.* ^ 3 The white tagged Pinke hath a tough woodie roote: from which rile immediately many graf Ac leaues, fet vpon a fmall llalkc full of ioints or knees, ateuery ioint two, one againll another, e-uen to the top; whereupon do growe faire double purple flowers of a fweete and fpicie ftncll, con- Ailing of flue leaues, lbmctimes more, cutordcepely iagged on the edges, relembling a feather $ whereupon I gaue it the name Plumarius^ or feathered Pinke. The leedc is foft,blackilh,and like vn- to Onion feede. 4 This'purplc coloured Pinke is very like the precedent, in llalkes/ootes, and leaues. The flowers growe at the top of the braunches lefler then the lafl delcribed,and not lo deepcly iagged; of a pur- pic colour tending toblcwncfle,whcrein conflfteth the difference* ■ I Caryophyllm 474 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I CaryophyHu*[ylueffyu multiplex. Double purple Pinkes. Caryophyllu* fylucsirufimpkxfuaue ruhens. Single red Pinkes. 3 Caryophyflua plum.tr m cutout. White lagged Pinkes, 4 CaryvphyUwpiumuriut purpureiu, Purpleiageec, Pinkes. HISTORIE OF PLANTS.' 4?* There be diners forts of Pinkes more,whereof to write particularly were to finall purpo fe, confT derino they are all well knowne to the mod,if not toall.Thereforethcfe fewe fhal feme at this time? for thofe that we do keepe in our gardens'rnotvvithftanding I thinke itconuenient to place thcle wilder forts in this fame chapter; confidering their nature and venues do agree, and fewe or none of them are vfed in phificke, tefides their neerenefie in kindred and neighbourhoode. 5 Ca ryophyllutplum ay tmfyluejlrii albut « White wilde iagged Pinkes. 6 CurycphylhumontAnutpurpurctK , Wilde purple iagged Pinkes. The description. 5 This wilde iagged Pink hath leaues, if alks, and flowers like vnto the white iagged Pinke of the garden,but akogither letter,wherein they efpecially differ. 6 The purple mountaine or wilde Pinke hath many finall grattie leaues jamong which rife vp {len¬ der (hikes, fet with the like leaues, btic lefler: on the top whereof do growe finall purple flowers, much leffer then any ofthe others before deferibed. 7 The mountaine Pinke of C/^/^defcription,hathmany leaues growmginatuftlikevntothofe ofThrift,and of a bitter tafle: among which rile vp finall tender foote (hikes, rather then (hikes or (hms themfelues, ofthe heightof two inches; whereupon do growe fuch leaues as tho(e that were next the gronnde, but letter, fet by couples one oppofite to another: at the top of each final! footedaike doth fhnde one red flower without fmell, confiding of flue little leaues, fet in a rough hairie huske,or hole,fine cornered, ofa greenifh colour tending to purple. The rocte is cough and thicke,calling abroade many fhoote^,whereby it greatly increafeth. 8 Thislcufeies Pinke 5 as the Greeke wordedoth fee>ne to impoitjhath many final! rufhieor bentie leaues, rifmg unmediate'y from a tough rulTiy roote ; among which rile vp ihlkes like vnto rufheso! a. (pan high.without any ioint at all, but fmoothand plaine: on the top whereofgroweth afmall flower ofa blewifh or 4 i c colour, confiitingnf fower little leaues lomewhat iagged in the cdges 3 not vnlike thofe of wilde (laxe. The whole plant is very bitter and of a hot cade. ... < 7 CAryophj'.lm 47 * THE SECOND j Canophyllus montamu Clttfti. UufiH* mountaine Pinke, f Caryophylltti m^ntanus albus* White Mountaine Pinke. The flowers are of a blulh colour, whereof it the other. BOOKE OF THE S Caryophyllus caruletuflue JphyHanthes* Leafeles Pinke,or rulhie Pinke. The description ( 9 The white Mountaine Pinke hath a great, thicke,and wooddie roote, from the which imme¬ diately rile vp very many Imall and narrow leaues, finer & Idler than grafte,not vnlike to the Ifnalleft rufh: among which rile vp little tender ftalkes, jointed or kneed by certaine diftances, let with the like leaues, euen to the top by. couples, one oppofite againft another: on the top whereof do growe pretie fweete ftnelling flowers, compofed of fiue little white ieaues. Theleede is fmall and blackilh. - There is a Wilde creeping Pinke,which grow- eth in our paftures necre about London, and other places, but elpecially in the great field next to Detford, by the pa th fide as you go from Red- riffe to Gteencwich, which hath many Imall ten¬ der leaues, fhorter than any ol the other wilde Pinkes; let vpon little tender ftalks, which lie flat vpon the ground,taking holde of the fame in fun- drie places, whereby it greatly encreafeth; wher- vpon doth growe little reddifh flowers.The roote is fmall,tough,and long Ialling. 10 This Virginlike Pinke is like vnto the reft of the garden Pinkes in ftalkes,leaues,and rootes. tookc his name, which lhcweth the difference from io Cary ophy Hus 477 HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS, Io CaryophyUus Virgineus. Maidenly Pinkes. II Caryofhyllm UoloHim. Wilde SeaPinke. • ■ ■ * The defeript ion, 11 This wilde Sea Pinke hath diners fmall tender weake braunches, nailing vppon the ground 5 whereupon are let leaues like thofe of our fmalleft garden Pinke, folk ofanolde hoary colour, tending to whiteneffe, as are moft of the Sea plants. The flowers groweat the top of the ftalks in fhape like thofe of Stitchwoort, and of a reddifh colour. The feedes, neither the feedeveffels,1 haue not as yet oblcrued. The roote is tough and Angle. 12 There is another of thefe Wilde Pinkes, which is found growing in plowed fieldes; yet in flich as are neere vnto the fea : it hath very many leaues fpred vpon the grounde, of ail ouervvorn hoary colour, like thofe of the Cam¬ pion; among which rife vp tender ftalkes of the height of two foote,let with the like leaues by couples at certaine diftances. The flowers groweat the top many togither, in manerof the Sweete William, of a red colour tending to purple. The roote is fmall 3 tough 3 and long lafting. 1 2 Caryophylltti HoloHim aruenjis. Broad leafed wilde Pinke. 47 ® THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The place. Thefekindes ofPinkes do growe for the mod part in gardens , and likewife many other fortes, which wcreouerlong to write of particularly. Thofc that be wilde do grew vpon mountaines^ftonie rockes^and defart places. The reft are fpecified in their deferiptions. ^ 7 he time. They flower with the Clouc GiIloflower,and often after. & The naves. ThcPinke is called of plime and Turner ^Cantabnca^ nd Slattice : of Fuchfms and DoHonaus, Fe- tonica altera , and Vetonica altilu: ofL'Obtliut and Fuchftm , Superba : in French Gyrofflees, OetlietZy and Violtttes her hues: in Italian Garofoli and Garoni : in Spanilh clanu : in Englifh Pinkes,and omal Honefties. i? T‘ et' mperature. The temperature of the Pinkes is referred vnto the Cloue Gilloflowers. tfc l b. vertues. A Thefe are not vfed in phificke, but efteeined for their vfe in garlands and nofegaics. They are good to be pUtinto vineger,to giue it a p’eaiant tafle,and gallant colour,as Rur/liu4writzx.b.FuchJius faith,that therootes are commended againft theintedion of the plague; and that the iuice therof is profitable to walte away theflone, and todriueitfoorth: and likewile to cure them that haue the failing ficknefie. Of Sweete Iohns ^nd Sweete IVilliams . Chap. 174 .. I '^Frmeria alba. White Iohns. 2 ksfmerta rubra. Red Iohns. it Thedefcription. 1 £7 Weete Iohns hath round iointed ftalkes,as haue the Gdloflowers(whereof this is akinde) halfe a cubiteh gh.* whereupon do growe Ion:, leaues broader than thole of rheGillo- fiower,of a greene graffie eolour.The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes,very like vnto Pinkes, of a perfect white colour. a The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 47 9 ^ The Iccond ditFereth not from the other, but in that, that this plant hath redde flowers, and the We haue in our London gardens a kinde hereof, bearing moil fine and pleaiant white flowers, fpottedvery confufedly with reddifh fpots, which ietteth foorth the bcautic thereof, ana hath becne taken of ionic to be the plant called of the later writers SuperbaAuftrtacd) or the pride o± We haue likewiic one of the fame kinde,bringing foorth moil double flowers,and yet very white of colour. 3 Kjfrmcrin rubralatifolia. 4 ^rmeriafuauerubens. Broad leafed Swcetc Williams. Narrow leafed Sweete Williams, it The defeription. 3 The great Sweete William hath round iointeci ftalkesj thicke and fat, iomwhat reddifh about the lower iointes,acubitc high,long,broad,and ribbed lcaues as thole of the Planraine, of a greene graflic colour. The flowers at the top of the ftalkes are very like to the final! Pinkes, manyioined togither in one tuft or ipokie vmbell,of a deepe red colour. The roote is thicke and wooddie. 4 The narrow leafed Sweete William growerh vp to the height of two cubites, very well refem- bling the former,but letter,and the lcaues narrower.The flowers are of a bright red colour,wherem cipeciallyconfifteththedifference. it The place. Thcfe plants are kept and maintained in gardens, more for to plcafe the eie,than either thenofe or belly. if. The time . They flourifh and bring foorth their flowers in Aprill and May, fomewhat before the Gilioflow- ers,and after beare their flowers the whole ibmmcr. it The names. The iweet Iohn,& alio the iwcet William are both comprehended vnder one title, that is to iaie, firmer ta. of fome Superb a , and CaryophylltcsfyluettrU ; of fome Hcrbarifts Vettonica agreftis, or Syl- uejlrisy of fome Herba tunica : but it doth no more agree heerewith then the cloue Gilloflower doth with 4 8o the second booke of the with Vet tonic a altera^ or Polemonium •' in French Armoires , heereupon Rue Hi us nameth it firmer ij flores : in Dutch &£pf;Cn& as though you fhouldc faie a bundell or clufter,for in their vulgar toong bundels of flowers or nofegaics they call I&cpflCrUSjdoubtldle they arc wilde kinds of Gilloflowers: in Englifh the firffc two arc called fiveete lohns, and the two laft Iweete Williams 3 Tolmeiners 3 and LondonTuftes. k Thetemperature and vertues. Thefe plants arc not vied cither in meate or medicine,but efteemed for their beautic to deckc vp gardens 3 the bofomes of the be autifull,garlands and crownes for pleafure. OfCrowe flowers>or wilde Williams. ChapAjj. 1 Armorarhprat enfis mas. The male Crowe flower. 2 Armorarta pratenfis foemina. The female Crowe flower. k The defeription. i TQ Elides thefe kindes of Pinkes before deferibed, there is a ccrtaine other kinde 3 cither of the Gilloflowers or elle of the fweet Williams,altogither and cuery where wild, which of fomc hath been inlerted amongft the wilde Campions,of others taken to be the true Flos Cuculi: notwithftandinglamnotofanyofthcirmindes,butdoholde it for neither: but rather a degene¬ rate kindc ofwilde Gilloftower.The Cukowc flower I haue comprehended vnder the title of Sifmb £r/#w,Engliflied Ladies finocks, which plant hath beene generally taken for Flos Cuculi. It hath ftalkes of a (pan or a foote high, whereupon the leaucs do ftand by couples out of euery ioint j they are final Sc bluntly pointed,very rough & hairy. The flowers arc placed on the tops ofthe ftalks,ma- ny in one tuft, finely and curioufly fnipt in the edges,letter then thofe of Gilloflowers, very well rc- fembling the fweete William(whereofno doubt it is a kinde)ofa light red,or fcarlet colour, a This female Crowe flower differethnotfrom the male, failing that this plant is letter, and the flowers more finely iagged like the fethered Pinke,whcreofit is a kinde. Of thefe Crowe flowers we haue in our gardens one that doth not differ from the former of the ficlde HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 481 fielde 3 fauing that the plant of the garden hath very faire red double flowers, and thofe of the fielde Angle. ■ & The place. Thefc growe all about in medowes and paftures 3 and dankifh places. ■ , , ' *kThe time. They begin to flower in Maie,and ende in Iune. The names. The Crow flower is called in Latine Armor ariafyluettrisjk Armoracia, of fomc Flos Cueulifmx. not properly; it is a ho called Tunix : of fbme Armcria , Armerim flos primus of Dodonaus ; and like wife CaryophyUus minorJylueHrisfoiijs lationbus : in Dutch CtftCVnblOCtttftCn&thatis tofaie Cornicitflo- res : in French Cuy dr ellcs : in Englifh Crowe flowers., wilde Williams., marflh Gilloflowers, and Cockowe Gilloflowers. # The temperature and vertues. Thefe are not vfed either in medicine or in nourifhment;but they ferue for garlands and crowns, and to decke vp gardens. OfCatch Flie^or bird-Lime wort. Chap. 17 6 . * , < I Fife aria, 2 Mufcipula Id Obelij. Limcwoort. , Catch Fife. ^ < & The description. 1 *T ca ^ e ^ Tifcaria or Lime woor^islikewifeoftheftockandkindredof the wilde Gilloflowers inotwithftanding Clufim hath joined it with the wilde Campions, making it T n' • • a Wnde thereof,but not properly 5 Vobeheu among the fweete Williams, whereof doubt- idle it is a kinde. It hath manyleaues riling immediately from the roote like thofe of the Crowe flowcr,or wilde fweete William: among which rife vp many reddifh (hikes iointed or kneed at cer- taine fpaces 3 fet withleauesby couples one againft another: at the toppe whereof come foorth Hh 1 pretig THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE pretie little red dowers, which being paft there commcth in place fmallblackifhfcede, The roote is fmall and threddie. The whole plant, as wel leaues & ftalkcs,as alftfshe flowers,are couered ouec with a moll: thicke and clammie matter like vnto Birde lime, which if you take in your handes, the flimynefle isfuch, that your Angers will fticke and clcauetogither, as if your hand touched birde- lime: & furthermore, if flies dolight vpon the plant,as they do vpon other herbs, they wil be fo in- tangled with the limynefle,that they cannot flie away; infomuch that in feme hot day or other, you fhall fee manie flies caught by that mear.es: whereupon I haue called it Catch flic,or Lime woort. 2 This plant hath many broad leaues like the great Sweet William, but fhorter(wherof it is likc- wife a kinde)fet vpon a ftiffe and brittle ftalk ; from the bclbme of which leaues Ip ring forth fmaller branches than the aforefaide,clothed with the like leaucs,but muchlefler. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes many togither tuft fafhion, of a bright red colour. The whole plant is alio poflef- ied with the like limynefte,as the other is,but letfe in quantitie. ft Theplace. Thefe plants do growe wilde inthefieldes in the weft partes of England, among the corne: we haue them in our London gardens rather for toyes of pleafure, than any vertues they are poflefted with,that hath as yet been knowen. ft The time. T hey flower and flourifh moft part ofthe fommer. ft The names. Catch flies hath beene taken for Behen, commonly fo called, for the likenefle that it hath with Behenrubentisfloris^ or with Be hen that hath the red flower, called of fom zValerianarubra^ or red Valerian 5 for it is lomething like vnto it in iointed ftalkcs and leaues, blit more like in colour: of U Obeli us Mufcipula and Fife aria : of Dodoneus Armerius jlostertius: of Clufius Lychnis fylueffru, Stlene 7 heophratfi,znd Behen rubrum Salamanticum : in Englifh Catch flie,and Lime woort. ft The nature and vertues. The nature and vertues of thefe wildc Williams are referred to the wilde Pinkes and Gillo- Uowers. Of Thrifty or our Ladies cuJhion.\ Chap. 177 . I Caryophyllm mart nut minimus JjObely, 2 Caryophyllus Mediterraneus. Thiift,or Sea Gilloflowers. Leuant Thrif t,cr Sea Gilloflower. 4 8 J HIST OTR IE OF PLANTS. it The definition. j ^"1“' Hriftis alfba kindeqfGilloflowcr, ofZ}^/w/4 reckoned among graflcs, which bringeth I foorth leaues in great tuftes, thicke thruft togither, finaller, llenderer, and fhorter. thaii grafle : among which rife yp finall tender ftalkes of a Ip an high,naked and without leaues 5 on the tops whereof ftand little flowers in a fpokietuft, of a white colour tending to purple. The roote is long ana thrcddic. 2 The other kind of Thrift,found vpon the mountaines necre vnto the Leuant or Mediterranean fea,differeth not from the precedent in leaues, (hikes, or flowers, but yet is aitogither greater, and the leaues are broader. it The place. The firft is found in moll fait marfhes in England,as alfo in gardens,for the bordering vp of beds and bankes,for the which it ferueth very fitly .The other is a flranger in thefe northren regions. it 7 he time. They flower from May till fommer be far fpent. it Themmes. Thrift is called in Latine Gramen Polyanthemum ,of the multitude of the flowers.- oflome Gramen marinum ; of L'Obelim Caryophyllus meirinm : in Englifh Thrift,Sea grafie,and our Ladies Cufhion. it The temperature andvertues. Their vfe in phificke as yet is not knowen, neither doth any feekeinto the nature thereof* but efteeme them onely for their beautie and pleafure in gardens. Of Sneefe ypoort. Chap. 178 . I P tannic a. 2 ptn mica dupitciflore. Snecfewoorto Double ftowred Sneefe woort. 4 8 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •& The defection. 1 He frnall Sneefe woort bath many rounde and brittle braunches, befet with long and nar- 1 rowe leaues,hackt about the edges like a fawejat the top of the ftalkes do grow final fingle flowers Ike the wilde fielde Daifie. The roote is tender and full of firings, creeping farre abroade in the earth, andinfhorttime occupieth very much grounde; the whole plant is flharpe, biting the toong and mouth like Pellitorie of Spaine,for which caufe fbme haue called it wilde Pel- litorie.Thc fnell of this plant procureth freezing,whereof it tooke the name Sternutamentoriajhix. is the herbe which doth procure Sneefing, or Necfewoort. 2 Double flowred Sneefewoort,or Ptarmicafs like vnto the former in leaues ,ftalks, and rootes,fo that vnleffe you behold the flower,you can not difeerne the one from the other, and it is exceeding white,and double like vnto double Fetherfevv. This plant is ofgreat beautie, and if it be cut downe in the time of his flowring,there will come within a moneth after a fupplie or crop of flowers fairer then the fit ft. 3 Pt armies. Auflriaca. Sneefevvoort of Auftrich. % The dcjcription. 3 There is alfo another kind heerof, of excee¬ ding great beautie, hauing long leaues fbmwhat narrow like thofe ofthe Ohue tree :the ftalkes are of a cubite high, on the top wherofdo grow very beautiful flowers of the bignefte of a frnall Angle Marigold, confiding of fifeeene or fixteene large leaues, of a bright fnining red colour tending to purple; fet about a ball of thrummie fubftance, fuch as is in the middle of the Daifie, in manner of a pale,which flowers Hand in fcalie knops like thofe ofKnapwecde, orMatfellon. The roote is jdraight,and thrudeth deepe into the ground. :•k The place. Thefird kindeof Sneefewoort groweth wilde in drie and barren padures in many places, and in the three great fieldes next adioining to a village neere London called Kentilh towne, and in fun- dry fieldes in Kent about South fleete. The fecond groweth in my garden,and in fome others alfo. # 7 he time. They flower from May to theende of Septem¬ ber. The names. Sneefewoort is called of fbme ptarnica , and Pvrethrum fyluefire , and alfo Draco fylueHrii , or Tarcon fylueflris ,of mod Sternut.'imentorzaj.dkcn from his effebt, bicaufe it procureth fneefing; of Trxgtts Tanacetum acutum album: in Englifh Pel¬ litorie of Spaine, taking that name from his iTiarp and biting tade 5 but it is altogether \nlike in proportion to the true Pellitorie* The nature. They are hot and drie in the thirde degree. %. Thevertues. The iuice mixed with vineger and holden in the mouth eafeth the painc of the toothach. The herbe chewed and holden in the mouth, bringeth mightily from the braine flimie fleagme, like Pellitorie of Spaine 3 and therefore from time to time it hath beene taken for a wilde kinde thereof, Of / HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Of Hares cares. ChapAjy. 485 I Bupleunm anguftifolium Monfelicnfe. Narrowc lealed Hares eare. 2 Bkpleuruwi Uti. folium Monfelienf. Broad leafed Hares eare. ft The defcr'tption. 1 'V T Arrowe leafed Hares eares is called in Grceke and is reputed of the Latine wrt- ters to be Bupleunm Plinijfi rom which the name or figure difagreeth notrit hath the long, 2 narrow and graflie leaues ofLachryma lob,or Gladiolus fk reaked or balked as it were with fundrie diftedreakes or ribbes running along eueryleafe, as Pliny fpeaketh of his Heptapleurwn ; The dalkes are acubice and ahalfe long,full of knots or knees, very rough or ftiffe/preading them- felues into many braunches: at the tops whereof grovveyellow flowers in roundc tufts or heads like Dill.The roote is as bigge as a finger,and blacke like Peucedanmn , whereunto it is like in tade, (mcll and refemblance of (cede,which doth the more perfwadc me that it is the true Bupleurwn 5 whereof 1 now fpeake,and by the authoritie of Iff c under and Pliny confirmed. 2 The fecondckinde called broade leafed Hares eares, in figure, tufts, and flowers, is the verfc fame with the former kinde,faue that the leaues are broader & differ,and more hollow in the midfc; which hath caufed me to call it Hares eares, hauing in the middle ofthe leafe fome hollownefle re- fembling the fame. The roote is greater and of a woodie fubftance. it The place. Theygrowe among oken woods in donie and harde grounds in Narbone. Ihauefounde them growing naturally among the bufhes vpon Beidonc cadell in Chefhirc. ■k The time. They flower and bring foorth their feede in Iulie and Augud. •ft The names. Hares eare is called in Latine Bupleurum: in Greekc •. the Apothecaries of Montpelier in Fra tin ce do call it Auricula leporis , and therefore I terme it in Englifh Hares eares: Valerius Cor dm namethit ifophyllon ,but whence he had thatname,itis notknowen. Hh 3 •ft The 4 8fS THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft 1 he temperature. They arc temperate in heate and drinefle. ft Thevertues. ^ Hippocrates hath commended it in mcates, forfallads and potherbes: but by the authority of Glaucon^Nicander ft is cffe&uall in medicine,hauing the tafte and fauour of Hyper/eon,feruing in the place thereof for woundcs , and is taken by Tragus for kanax Chironium , who doth rccken it mtet Herb as vttlnerarias. B The leaues damped with fait and wine, and applied, doth confume and driue away the dwelling of the nccke^called the Kings euill,and is vied againd the Hone and grauell. OfCjromell . Qhap.1%0. i Lithofpermum maim. Great Gromell. 2 Lithojjtermum minus. Small Gromell. ft The defeription. 1 He great Gromell hath long,(lender and hairic dalkes.befet with long,browne and hoarie | leaues; among which grewe certaine bearded huskes, bearing at the firft (mall blew dow¬ ers ; which being pad, there (ucceedeth a gray donie (cede fomewhat (hining. The roote is hard,and of a wooddie fubdancc. 2 The (econd kinde of Gromell hath draight, round,wooddie (talks, full of branches: the leaues long, (mall, and fharpe,of a darke grecne colour; fmaller than the leaues of great Gromell: among which come foorth little white (lowers 5 which being pall, there doth follow fuch feede as the for¬ mer hath,but (mailer. There is another kinde of Gromell, which hath lea lies and ftalkes like the (mall kinde 5 the feede is not fo white, neither fo fmooth and plaine, but fomewhat fhriueled or wrinkled. The leaues are fomewhat rougher, !ike ( vmoaundekindeof Buglolfe, called Anchufa 3 for which caufe it carrieth that HI S TOR IE OF PLANTS. 48? that additament Anchufafacie .The flowers are like vnto the former,that is,ofa white colour,grow- ing in tufts at the top ofthe ftalkes,like vnto Sopewoort. There is alfo a degenerate kinde hereof called Anchufit degener , being either a kinde of wilde Buglofle, or a kinde of wilde Gromell,or elfe akinde of neither of both, but a plant participating df both kindes: it hath the feeds and ftalkes of Aliliumfolic , or Gomell; the leaues and rootes of An - chufa, which is Alkanet,andis altogither of a red colour like the fame. k 7he place. The two firft kindes do growe in vntoiled places, as by the high waies Tides, and barren places, intheftreeteatSouthfleeteinKent, as you go from the church vnto anhoufe belonging to a gen¬ tleman of worfhip,called Matter William Sxvan, and in fundrie other places. The two laft kindes growe vpon the fands and bach ofthe fea, intheyleof ThanetneereRecul- uers,among the kinds of wilde Buglofle there growing. k The time. They flower from the fommer Solftice, or from about the twelfe day of lune e'uenvntoAu- tumne,*and in the rueane feafon the feede is ripe. k 7 he names. . Gromell is called in Greeke hiifanffur, of the hardnefleof the feeder of diuers Gorgonium • of others o Aegonychon, Leontion, or Diojporonfi r Diofpyron, as Phnie readeth it, and alfo Htracleos: of the Arabians Alilium filer: in lhops, and among the Italians Miliumfolis: in Spanifh Atfi del fit: in French Gremil> and Herbe auxperles : in Englifh Gromell: of fome Pearle plant, and of others Lichwalc. k The temperature. The feede of Gromell is hot and drie in the fecond degree. kThe vertues. The feede of Gromell pound, and drunke in white wine, breaketh,diflblueth,and driuethfoorth A the ftonc,and prouoketh vrine,and efpccially breaketh the ftone in the bladder. Of Qhictypeede. Chap. 181 . k The kindes. Here be diuers forts of Chickweedcs, among which one is greater and other lefler and lower: and other fome there be alfo which we may call baftarde Chickweedes: and firft ofthe beft knowne Chickweedes. kThe defer iption. He great Chickweede rifeth vp with ftalkes a cubite high, and fome time higher, a great many from one roote,long and rounde, {lender, fullofioints, with a couple of leaues growing out of euery knot or ioint aboue an inch broade.and longer then the leaues of Pellitorie of the wall,whereunto they are very like in fhape,biit fmooth with¬ out haires or downe, and of alightgreene colour: the ftalkes are fome thing cleere, and as it were tranfparent or thorow fhining, and about the ioint s they be oftentimes of a very light red colour, as be thofe of Pellitory of the wal: the flowers be whi tifh oh the top of the branches like the flowers of Stitchwoort, but yet lefler: in whole places fucceedelongknops, but not great, in which the feede is conteined. The roote confifteth of fine little firings like haires. 2 The feconde Chickweede for the raoft part lieth vpon the grounde: the ftalkes are {mall, flen- der ? long, and rounde,and alfo iointed; from which flender braunches do fpring leaues refembling the precedent jbut much lefler, as is likewife the whole herbe, vvhichinnorefpedattainethto the greatnefle of the fame: the flowers are in like fort little and white; the knaps or feede heads are like the former. The roote is alfo full of little firings. 3 The third is like the fecond,butfarre lefler: the ftalkes be mod tender andfine: the leaues are very fmall: the flowers very little; the rootes maruellous (lender. 4 Alfo there is a fourth kinde which groweth by the fea ; this is like to the feconde.but the ftems are thicker, fhorter,and fuller ofioints. The leaues in like fort be thicker: the knaps or feede headcs be not long and rounde,but fomewhat broade,in which arc three or fewer feedes contained. . ' ’ . ’ " . ' Hh 4 1 Alfim THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i ^Hfmemaior. Great Chickweede, k*4lfine minima* Fine Chcekeweede. 2 minor. Small Chickweede. 4 ^sfljinemarina. Sea Chickweede HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 8 ^ 5 Kjflfmt media. Middle Chickweedc. 6 ^yflfine recta* Right Chickweede. k the defer ipt /bn. 5 The middle Chickweede hath long trailing braunches , difperfed heere and there vpon the ground,whereupon are fet by couples (mall leaues like thofe oiVuluaria. The flowers are verv lit¬ tle,and white of colour; after which come rounde knops wherein is the feede. The roote is (lender andthreddie. * 6 The vpright Chickweede hath a very (mall (ingle threddie roote,from which rifeth vp a (lender ftem,diuiding it felfe into diuers braunches,enen from the bottome to the top; whereon do growe fmall leaues,thieke and fat in refped of the others, in fhape like thofe of Rue or Herbe grace. The flowers grow at the top of the branches confiding offower (ir/all leaues of a white colour. 7 Aljinc Petr**. Stone Chickweede. 8 AlfmefolijsvctcnicA . Speedwell Chickweede. •k Thi 7 This ftone Chickweede is one of the common Chickwceds,hauing very threddie branches co~ uering the grounde farre abroade where it groweth: the Ieaues be fet togither by couples: the flo¬ wers be Imall and verie white: the roote is tough and very {lender. g Speedwell Chickweede hath a little tender ftalke/rom which come diuers fmal annes or bran¬ ches as it were wings,fet togither by couples: whereon doc growe Ieaues fet likewile by couples, • like thole tronica^ or herbe Fluellen, whereof it tooke his name. The flowers growe along the braunches of a blewe colour 3 after which come little pouches wherin is the feed .The roote is fmal 1 , and likevvife threddie. 9 ^Ifmefontavd. jo Alfmeflumatilu. Fountainc Chickweede. — - Riucr Chickweede. / $ The description $ There is a ktnde of Chickweede growing in the brinks and borders of wels, fountaines, and lliallowfpringSjhauing many threddie rootes; from which rife vp diuers render ftaIkes,whereupon dogrowelong narrow Ieaues, notvnliketothe yoongleaues of Marigoldes : from the bofomeof which, come foorth diuers fmaller Ieaues, of a bright greene colour. 1 he flowers growe on the top of the ftalkes/nrall and white of colour. i o There is likewife another Chickweede, fmaller than the laft deferibed, hauing for his roote a thicke haftbeke or tuft of threddie firings; from which rife vp very many tender Items, ftretching or trailing alongft the ground; whereon do growe long Ieaues, confiding of many {mail Ieaues let vpon a middle rib, like thofe of Lentils, or the wilde Fetch. The flowers and feedes are like the pre- cedent,but much finaller. ii There groweth in the marrifh orwaterifhgrounds,another{brtof Chickweede altogither vnlike the reft of the ftocke or kinredof Chickweedes, It hatha long roote, of the bignesof a wheateftrawe, with diuers firings hanging thereat, very like the rootes of Couch grade; from the which rifeth vp diuers vpright (lender ftalks, fet vpon by couples at ccrtaine diftances ; on the top •' T .." ' ‘ ' ' \ T' of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 9i of the ftalkesdo growe fmall white flowers like thofc of Stitchwoort, but lefier, and of a white colour. II ^yf/fne pdufirU. Marifh Chickweedc. ft The place. Chickwcedes,fome growe among bufhes and briers,oldewaIs,gutters ofhoufes,and fbadowie places. The place is fee foorth in the fcuerall dc- fcripcions of the other lores. ft The time. The Chickwecdes are greene in winter, they flower and feede in the fpring. ft Then Ames. Chickwecde or Chickenweede, is called in Greeke ahaivn s in Latine it retaineth the fame name Aljinc: of fomeof the ancientsit is called ff/ppia, the greater and the lefier. The reft of the plants are diftinguifhed in their feuerall titles, with proper names which likewife fetteth foorth the place of their growings. ft The temperature. Chickwecde is coldc and moift, and of a wa= terifn fubftance 5 and therefore it cooleth with¬ out aftri&ion or binding, as Galen faith. ft The virtues. The leaues of Chickwecde boiled in water A veryfoft, adding thereto fomehogs greace, the powder of Fenugreeke and Linefeede, and a few rootes of Marfh Mallowes, ftamped to the forme of a Cataplafma or pultus, taketh away thefwellingsof the legs, or any other part; brin- geth to fuppuration or matter, hot apoftemes; diflolueth ftvellings that will not willingly yeeld to fuppuration ;eafeth members that arefhrunkc vp; com forte th wounds in finewie partes jdefendeth foule maligne and virulent vlcers from in¬ flammation during the cure : in a word, it comfortcch, digefteth,defendeth,and fuppurateth very notably. 1 ' The leaues boiled in vineger and fait,is good againft mangynefle of the hands & legs, ifehey be B bathed therewith. Little birdes in cages (elpecially Linets) arefefrefhed with the lefier Chickweed, when they C loath their meate; whereupon it was called of fome Pajferina. Of the haftard Qoickffeeds . (fhap * 1 ^ z * ftThekindes. HP HcbaftardChickweedcsdo differ from the former, efpecially bicauie they be rough and hai- rie: fome alfb differ in forme and fafhion of the leaues,and in colour of the flowers. ft The defeription. 1 Ermandcr Chickwcede hath fmall tender branches trailing vpon the ground, be let with yjy leaues like thofc of Scordium, or Water Germander. Among which come foorth little blew flowers; which being faded, there appeere fmall flat huskes or pouches, wherein lieth the feede. The roote is fmall and threddie,which being gotten into a garden grotmd ? it is hard to be dcftroicdjbut naturally commeth vp from yeere to yecre as a noifome wccdc. 2 492 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 Clttfmp manfingular in the knowledg of plants,hath fet down this herbe for one of th e Chick- weedespvhich doth very well referable the Storks bill 3 and might haue been there inferted. But the matter beingoffmall momentllctitpaflej fordoubtle{Teitpan:icipatethofboth 3 thatis 3 thehead 1 or beake of Storks bill 5 and the leaues of Chickweed,which are long & hairy, like thofe of Scorpion Moufe eare. The flowers are final l 3 and of an herbie colour j after which come long horned cods or fcedc veflels, like vnto thofe of the Storks bill. Theroote is fmall and fingle 3 with firings fattened thereto. I "Alfinefolijs Triffkginis . Germander Chickweede. 2 Alfine corntcuUtx Cksij. Horned Chickweede. The deferi'pt fan* 3 luie Chickweede or fmall Henbit, hath thinne hairie leaue s fomewhat broade,with two cuts ot gafhes in the fides 3 aftcr the maner of thofe ofgrounde Iuie 3 whercofit tooke his name 3 refembling tnebackeofa Bee when fhe flieth. The flalkes are fmall, tender, hairie, and lying flat vpon the grounde. I he flowers are flender and of a blew colour. The roote is little and threddie. 4 > The great Henbit hath feeble ftalkes leaning towarde the grounde,whereondogrowatcer- tainediftancesIeaueslikcthofeofthedeadNettellj from the bofome whereof come foorth (len¬ der blew flowers tending to purplejin fh ape like thofe of the fmall dead Nettell.The roote is tough, fingle and afewc firings hanging thereat. 2 AlJIfie HISTORIE 3 Lsflfine Hederacea. Iuie Chickcweede. OF PLANTS. 4 91 4 A>fine HederuU altera. Great Hennebit. ib The face. Thefe Chickweedes are fowenin gardens among potherbes,in darke fhadowie placesjandin the fieldes after the corne is reaped. The time. They flouriflb and are grcene when the other Chickweedes are. # The names. The firft is called Morfa Gallin*, Hens bit, Alfme Hederula , and Hederacea: in high JJJtlttCtfcffjy: in French MorfgeltnpxvXCMorgeline :in low Dutch IpotUDCUtlfet* inEnglifhHenne bit the grea¬ ter and the leffer. it The temperature and vertues. Thefe are thought alfo to be colde and moifl, and like to the other Chickweedes invertue and A operation. Of Timpernell. Chap. 183 . The defeription. 1 T'X Impernell is like vnto Chickweede j the ftalkes arc fower fquare , trailing heere and there vpon the grounde,whereupon do growe broad leaucs, and fharpe pointed, fettogithei by couples: from the bofbme whereof come foorth (lender tendrels, whereupon do growe fmallpurple flowers tending to rednefle: which being pafl there fucceede fine roundc bullets, like vnto the feede of Corianders, wherein is conteined fmall duflie feede. The roote confifteth of dea¬ der firings. 2 The female Pimpernell differeth not from the male in any one point, but in the colour of the flowers ;for like as the former hath reddifh flowers , this plant bringeth foorth flowers of a moll peifed blew colour,wherein is the difference. x Anagallk THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 494 I Anagallumas. Male Pimpcrncll. 3 An again* hitca. Yellowe Pimpernel!, 2 Anaga llufamine,. Female Pimpernel!. & ’The defer ration. 3 The yellowe Pimpernell hath many weake and feeble brannehes trailing vpon the ground, bdet with leaues one againit another like the great Chickweed,notvnlike to Nummularia, or Money woortejbetweene which and the ftalkes, commeth foorth one Angle and fmall tender ftalkc, bearing at the toppe thereof one yellowe flower and no more.The root is flnall & threddy. y The place. They grow in plowed fieldes neere path waies, in gardens and vineyards, almofteuery where-.I founde the female with blewe flowers in a chal- kie corne ficlde in the way from mafter William Sxcatnes houfe of Soathfieete to Long ficlde downes,but neuer any where die. & The t me. They flower in fommer, and efpccially in the month of Auguft,at what time the husbandmen hauing occaflon to go vnto their harueft worke, will firft behold the flowers of Pimpernell,wher- by they know the weather that fh ail foilowe the next day aftegas for example: if the flowers be fhut clofe vp, it betokeneth rain & foul weathers contrarivvife, if they beelpread abroade, fair.c weather, &The I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 495 ft The names. It is called in Greeke«V*>«M/f in Latinc alio AnagaUis 3 o£ diners as {Plinre reporteth) Corchortu but vntrueIy;of Marcellsu an olde writer Mac:a , the words is extant in Dicfcortdes among the baftardc namcs.Thatwith the crimfon flower being the male, is named Phcenicion , and Coralhon 3 oi this is made the compofition or receipt called Ijiacor&lUon that is vfed againfl: the gout, whichcompo- fition Tautitt <l^Egineta fetteth do wne in his y.booke.Among the bafiardenames it hath been cal¬ led ^Aetitis 3 agitis 3 and Saurttis: in Englifh red Pimpernell,and blew Pimpernell. it The temperature. Both the forts of Pimpernell are of a drying facukie without biting, and fbmewhat hot, with a certaine drawing qualiticjinfomuch that it doth drawe foorth fplinters,and things fixed in the flefh, asGW./nvriteth. ft The virtues. D/ofcor/des writeth that they are of power to mittigate painc, to cure inflammations or hot fwel- A Jings,todraweoutofthebodieandflefh,thomes,fpiintersorfhiucrsofwoode, andto helpe the kings euill. The iuice purgeth the head by gargarifing or wafning the throrc therewith: it curcth the tooth- B ach,bcingfhift vp into the nofthriis,efpecially into the contrary noflhrili. It helpcth thole that be dim lighted, the iuice mixed with honie, cienfeth the vlcers of theeie, C called in Latine iMrgema. Moreouer he affirmeth that it is good againfl: the flinging of vipers, and other venemous beaks. D It preuaileth againfl; the infirmities of the liner and kidneies, if the iuice be drunke with wine. He E addeth further,how it is reported that Pimpernell with the blew flower helpeth vp the fundament that is fallen downcj and that red Pimpernell applied,contrari wife bringeth itdovvne. 0 fProokely me,or water ‘Pimpernell. Chap. 184 .. ftThekindes. T Here be fewer forts of Water herbes comprehended vnder the name AnagaUis aquatic 4 , or water Pimpernell,or water Chicken wcede,whereof fbme are in vie both in Phificke and chi- rurgeric, the others not fo much vfed,nor fo well knownc. ft The defeription. Rookelimc orBrooklem, hath fat , thickcftalkes, roundc and parted into diners 1 * ■ braunches. The leaucs be thicke,fmooth,broad,and of a deepe greene colour. The flowers growe vpon fmall tender fooreftalkcs, which thruft foorth of the bofome of the lcauesjof a perfed blew colour,not vnlike to the leaucs of lande Pimpernell. The roote is white,lowe creeping, with fine firings faftned thcrcto;outof the root Ipring many other ftalks,whereby it greatly incrcafeth. 2 The great water Pimpernell is like vnto the precedent,failing that this plant hath fnarper poin¬ ted and larger leaues 3 and the flowers are of a paler blewe colour , wherein confifteth the diffe¬ rence. 3 Small water Pimpernell hath for his roote a great bufh of threddie firings , from which rifeth vpafatj thicke, ftraight ftalke, fetwithlongerandfmallerleauesthentholeofBrookelcm, of an ouerworne green colour, placed togither by couples: ftorn the which leaucs dole by the ftalk come foorth final tender footeftalks fet by couples with like leaues.but Idler: whereupon toward the top come foorth little foolifh or idle flowers,ofa faint ouerworne blew colour. 4 The other differeth not from the laft deferibed , inlcaucs, ftaihes, flowers,or rootes, failing that the leaues hecreof are rounder, broader, and more blunt at the points, wherein is the defe¬ rence, ' I AnagaUis 4 96 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Ana jallii feu Btcahunga* Brooke lime. 2 Anagallis aquatzca. Water Pimpernel!. 3 ^Anagallis (tenanta minor . Small watei Pimpernell. fST 4 Anagallii aquatic a minor flore paUido . Pale flowred water Pimpernell. HI'STORIE OF PLANTS, 497 k The place. They growe by riuers fides,fmall running brookes,and waterie ditches. The yellow Pimpernel! I found ^rowing in Hampfteed wood neere London,and in many other woods and copies. it The time. They bring foorth their flowers and feede in Iune,luly and Auguft. k The names. . Water Pimpcrnell is called Anagalli* aqmtica .- of moft Becahunga , which is borrowed of the Germane word BaCfrptmgfjen: in lowe Dutch 'BeeCkptUinftjett: in French Berle , wherupon fome do call it Berulai notwithftanding Marcellus rep ^rteth that BertlU is that which the Grecians call j^p/afww.or rather Crefles: it is thought to be Cep^St^h at is to fay, of the garden; which Diofcorides writeth to be like vnto Pur(Iaine,whereunto this Brookvdime doth very well agree. But ifit be there¬ fore laid to be bicaufe it gro weth either onely in gardens,or for the moft part^this Pimpcrnell or Brookelime fhall not be like vnto it, which groweth no where Idle than in gardens, beingako- gither of his owne nature wilde, cleftring to grow in waterie places,and fuch as be continually ouer- flowen: in Englifh the firftis called Brookelime,and the reft by noe generall name. Water Pimper- nell, or Water Chickwecde,being likewile a kinde thereof. k The temperature. Brookelime is of temperature hot and drie like Water Crefles,yet not lo much. k The vertues. Brookelime is eaten in fallads, as Water Crefles is, and is good againft that bmpptw malum^ of A fuch as dwell neere the Germaine (eas,whichthey call @CU£CftUpC{JG or as we terme it the Scuruic orSkirbie, being vfed after the fame maner that Water Crefles and Scuruie grafle is vfed, yetis it not of fb great operation and vertue. The herbe boiled maketh a good fomentation for (wollen legs,and the aropfte. The leaues boiled, (trained, and (lamped in a (lone mortar with the powder of Fenugreeke, Litie- leede, the rootes of marfh fylallowes, and fome hogs greace, vnto the forme of a Cataplaftna or pultis, taketh away any fwelling in leg or arme, woundes alfo that are ready to fall into apoftefma- tion, it defendeth mightily that no humor nor accident fhall happen vnto it. The leaues of Brookelime (lamped, drained, and giuen to drinke in wine, helpeth the ftrangurie D and griefes ofthe bladder. The leaues of Brookelime, and the tendrelsof^j^nrga*, eaten withoile, vineger and pepper, £ belpeth the ftrangurie and (lone; Of (Uniting (f round "Tine. Chap. 185 . k The kindes. HP Here be diuers fortes of Ground Pines growing neere vnto the (ea, the which may be num- ^ bred among the wilde kindes of Sea Chickwcedes. k The description. Here hath beene much adoe among; writers about the ccrtaine knowledge of the true <^Anthylliso$Diofcorides:\ will therefore (etdowne that pi ant,which of all others is found moft agreeable thereunto. It hath many fmall branches full of ioinrs, not abouc a cubite high, creeping fundry waies, be(et with fmall leaues of a pale colour, relembling Lenticula^ or rather Alfinc minima , the fmall Chickweede. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkc, (tar fafhiori, of an herbie colour like Boxe, or Sedum minus: it fofte- rcth his (mallfeedcs in a three cornered huslce. The roote is fomewhat long, (lender, knottie, and deepely thruft into the ground like Soldanella: all the whole plant is falti(h,bitter in tafte,and fome¬ what heating. There is another kind o {Anthyllu, that hath been taken for chamafice of ancient writers, which is not poflible to agree with truth,bicaufe that this plant yeeldeth no milkie iuice at all, and chamajice hath great plentie of miike like the Tithymales; (o that of neceflitie this mtift needes be (as I ha.:c faid)onekindeof AnthylUs^ or Sea Pine, which in fliew relembleth Ter mar; a, or Chamxfice. The whole plantis very fait and fharpe in tafte: the flowers fmall, of a white purple colour; and vnder the leaues the feede is inclofed in little huskes,much lefter than Clinopodtumpi the baftard Bafill. li 1 * ^Anthyllii O w THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 4?8 I ^Anthyllis lentifolia. Stinking Ground Pine. & The defer iption. There is likewife another fort o fAnthyllis or Sea Ground Pine, but in truth nothing elfe than a kinde ofSea Chickwcede, hauing fma!l branches trailing vpon the ground of two handes high* whereupon do growe little leaues like thofc of Chickweede, not vnlike to thole of Lenticula ma¬ rina pi Sea Lentils: on the top of the (talks Hand many fmall flowers of an heibie or moffie white colour. The whole plant is of a bitter and faltifh tafte. k Theplace. Thele do growe in the fouthyles belonging to England, efpecially in Portland in the grauelly andfandie foordes , which lie Jowe and againft the lea 5 and likewife in the yle of Shepcy neere the water fide. k The time. They flower and flourilhin Iune and Inly. k The names. Their titles do fufticiently fet foorth their leue- rall names: in Englifh they may be called Hoarie Salt woortjSea ground Pine and Stinking ground Pine, bicaulc their fmell ftinketh in refped of thofc of the Champion ground. k The temperature. Thele Sea herbes are of a temperate facultie betweene cc-!d and drines. k The verifies. A Halfe an ounce of the dried leaues dnmke,preuailcth greatly againft the hot pifte,thc ftrangurie, or difficultie of making water,and purgeth the reines. B The lame taken with Oximeil or honied water is good for the falling ficknes, giuen firft at mor¬ ning,and laft at night. 5 OfWbitehlow^r Whitlowgraffe* Chap . 186 . k The defeription. 1 » He firft is a very (lender plant hauing a fewe fmall leaues like the leaft Chickwcede, 1 growing in little tufcs,from the midft whereof rileth vp a finall ftalke,nine inches long; on whole top do growe verie little white flowers 5 which being paft, there come in place finall flat pouches compoledof threefilmesj which being ripe, the two outfides fall away, leaning the middle part Handing long time after which is like white Sattin, as is that of Bvlhonacke;, which our women call white Sattin,but much Imaller: the tafte is lomewhat iliarpe. 2 This fmall plant hath a (lender tough roote, from which rile vp a tuft of leaues Iprcd vpon the grounde,verylike vnto thole of the greater Chickwcede, butnot alcogithcr (obroade: from the midft of which tuft Ipringeth vp a final vpright ftalk,on the top wherof doth grow litlc idle flowers, of an herbie colour tending to whitenelfe; after which there come in place fmall flatcoddescr (cede vellels bright fhining, and as it were made of a peece of the whiteftfattin, wherein is the feede. - l Paronychia HISTORIE OF PLANTS, I far onychia vulgaris. Common VVhitlowe graffe. 3 Paronychia Itutacco folio. Rewe leafed Whitlowe grafle* 4 99 2 Paronychia latifolia. Broad leafed Whitlowe grafle,, 4 Paronychia Lacinkta. lagged Whitlowe grafts. 500 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ■& The defeription. 5 This Wnitelowc graflchathfTnall iagged leaues deepely cut , lying flat vpon the tvall or earth where it groweth: among which riieth vp a (lender ftem, whereupon do growe fuch leaues as thole next the ground, but Idler. The flowers growe at the top like thole of the laft described. The feedc and rootes are alfo like. 4 The fourth kindc of Paronychia,hath fmall,thicke, and fat leaues,cut into three diuifions, much relembling the fmall leaues of Rue,but a great deale fmallcr. The ftalks are little like the former, & the leaues alio 5 but the cafes wherin the feed is contained, arc like vnto the feed vcficls of Myofitu Scorpioides ,or Chickweede Scorpion grade. There is another fort of Whitlow grade or Naile woort,thatis Iikcwife a low or bafe hcrb,hauing a Imail tough rootc,with fome threddic firings annexed thereto: from which rife vp diners (lender tough (bikes, fet with little narrowe leaues confuledly like thofe of the fmalleft Chickweede,wher- ofdoubtlefle thefc be kindes; alongft thellalkcs do growe very little white flowers, after which come the (cedes in fmall buttons,ofthe bigncfle of a pinnes head. # The piece. Thefc lmall,bale, and lowc herbes growe vpon bricke and done ivals, vponoldc tiled houlcs, which are growen to haue much mode vpon them, and vpon lomc fhadowie and drie muddi? wals. It groweth plentifully vpon die brickewall in ChaunccrieJane, belonging to the Earle of Sou¬ thampton, in the fubnrbcs of London,and fundrie other places. ie The time. Thelc flower many times in Ianuarie and Februarie, and when hot weather approcheth,they ai€ no more to be scene all the yeere after. ^ The names. The Grecians haue called thefc plants -mtm which Cicero callcth Redmtia. There be many kindes ofplants,called by the faid name of Paronychia, which hath cauled many writers to doubt of the true kindc: but you may very boldly take thefe plants for the lame, vntilltime hathreucaled or railed vp fome new plant,approching necrer vnto the truth: which I thinke will neuer be, lb that we may call them inEnglifh Naile woort,and Whitlowe grade. tV The temps rat arc and vertucs. ^ As touching the qualitie hereof,we haue nothing to 1 st downe: onely it hath been taken to heale the difeafe ofthe naiics calldd a WhitIowc,whereofit tookchis name. Of Fluellen thefemale,or Speedwell . (fhap.i 8 7 . i ' . • The kindes. There be two fortes of female Fluellens. # The defir ipt ion. I . . . , ' M 1 -r-» He firfl kindc of E latent, being of Fitch fuss & "Mathiolits called Veronica famina, or the fe¬ ll male Fluellen, fhooteth from a fmall and fibrous root many flexible and tender branches, difperfed flat vpon the ground* ramping & creeping with leaues lik zNummularia, but that the leaues okElatine are of an hoarie, hairic, andouerworne greenc colour; among which come foorsh many fmall flowers, of a yellow colour mixed with a little purple, like vnto the (mall Snap¬ dragon,hailing a certaine taile or {pur faftened vnto euerie (uch flower,Iike the herbe called Larkes Ipur. The lower iawe or chap of the flower is of a purple colour,and the vpper iawe of a faireyel- low* which being pad,there fucceedeth finall blacke leede contained in round huskes. 2 Thefecondkindeof£/^/7>?diathd2!kes,braunches, flowers,androotes,likethefird, but the leaues are fafhioncd like Eryfimum ,and fomewhat relembling a broad arrow head, which is fharpe at the point: but the fpurre or taile ofthe flower is longer, and more purple mixed with the yellowc in the flower. 1 Veronica HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 ©i I Veronica famtmFucbsijyfme Elatine. , 2 Elat ine niter a. The female Fluellen. Sharpe pointed Flucllen. *k The place. Both thefe plants I haue founde in fundrie places where corne hath growen, efpccially Barley, as in the fieldes about SouthfleeteinKent 3 where within fixe miles compaffe there is not a fieldc wherein it doth not grow. Alfo it groweth in a fielde next vnto the houfe fometime belonging to that Honorable gentle¬ man Sir Fraunces Walfingham^ at Barne-elmes,and in fundrie places of Effex ; and in the next fieldc vnto the churchyarde at Chefwicke neere London,towards the midft of the fielde. iiThetme. They flower in Auguft and September. The names. Their feuerall titles fetfoorth their names as well in Latine as Englifh. •$e The nature and verities. Thefe plants are not onely of a Angular aftringent facultie,and thereby helpe them that be gree- A ued with the dyfenterie and hoat fwelling; but of fuch Angular efficacie to heale fpreading & eating cankers 3 & corofiue vlcers,that their vertue in a maner pafieth all credit in thefe fretting fores vpon fure proofe done vnto fundrie perfons, & cfpecially vpon a man whom Pena reporteth to haue his nofc eaten molt greeuoufly with a canker or eating fore, who fent for thePhifitions and Chirurgi- ons that were famoufly knowen tobethebeft, & they with one confent concluded to cut thefaide nofc off, to preferue the reft of his face: among thefe .Surgeons and Phificions came a poore forie Barbar,who had no more skill than he had learned by tradition , and yet vndertooke to cure the patient. Thisforefaide Barbar Handing in the companie and hearing their determination, defired thathc might make triall of an herbe which he had feene his mafter vie for the fame purpofe, which herbe though he wereignorantof the name whereby it was called, yetheknewc whereto fetch. To be fhort,this herbe he fhmped, & gaue the iuice of it vnto the patient to drinke, and out¬ wardly applied the fame plaifterwife,and in very fhort (pace perfectly cured the man,and ftaied the reft ot his bodie from further corruption 3 which wasreadie tofallintoaleprofie. Flat me 5 o* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE B Elat ire helpcth the inflammation of the eies,and defended! humours flowing vnto tficmbcing boiled 5 and as a pnltus applied thereto. C The leaues fodden in the broth of a hennc,or vcale,ftaieth the dyfenterie. X) The new writers affirme, that the female Fluellen openeth the obftrudtions or (toppings of the liner and fplene,prouoketh vrine, driueth foorth (tones, and clenfeth the kidneies and bladder, ac¬ cording to Paulas. " V £ I he waight of a dram or of a french crowne,of the powder of the herbe, with the like waight of trcacle,is commended againft peftilent feuers. Of Fluellen the male,or F aide sHetonie. Qhap. i88w The kinoes. T Hcrc be diners forts of male Fluellen, differing very notably as well in ftaturc, forme, as place of growing. I Veronica vera dr ntaior. Fluellen or Speedwell. 2 Veronica re ft* mm. The male Speedwell. •k The defeription, 1 He firftkinde of Verenicx is a fmall herbe, and crecpcth by the ground, with little reddifh I and hairie branches. The leafe is fomething long and hairie, indented or fnipt rounde about the edges. The flowers are of a light blew colour, declining to purple : the feeders contained in little flat pouches: the roote is fibrous and hairie. a The (econd doth alfo creepe vpon the ground, hauing long (lender ftems, and (omewhat large leaues a little hairie,and pleafimtly foft.The flowers be yellow,with final! round huskes like the iced vefifels of Pimpcmcll. 3 Veronica HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5°3 3 Veronica minor. Little Flue Hen, 5 Veronica affurgens^ Tree Fluellen. 4 Veronica refta minima. The fmalleft Fluellen, 6 Veronica fupina. Vpright Fluellen. ~:i i ark 5 o 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE <v k The defription. 3 The third kiftdc of Veronica: ereepeth with branches and leaues like, vntoSerp/Mfm^ for whicli caufc it hath been called Veronica, Serpillifolia. The flowers growe along the fmal and tender bran¬ ches,ofa whitifh colour declining to blewnefle. The roote is fmalland threadie, taking hold vpon thevpperfaccof the earth, where it fpreadeth. Thefcedeis contained in fmall pouches like the former. 4 The fourth hath a roote fomewhat woodie, from the which rife vp leaues like the former. The lmall vpright flalke isbefet with the like leaues, but Idler 3 at the top whereof commcthfoortha (lender fpkie clofely thrufl togither,and full of blewifh flowers. 5 The fift kinde of Veronica hath many vpright braunchcs a footc high andfbmtimcs more, di- uiding themfelues into fundrie other fmall twigs5 at the top whereofdo growe faire fpikie tufts,bea- ring bright and fhining blew flowers. The leaues are fomewhat long,indented about the edges like a fawe: the roote is compadt ofmany threds or firings. 6 The fixtlookcth with his face vpright,hauing fundrie flexible braunchcs 3 fet with leaues like vntowilde Germander by coupIcs,one right againfl another, deepely lagged about the edges, in refped of the other beforementioned. The flowers are of ablewe colour, the roote is long, with fome threddes appendant thereto. k The place. Veronica groweth vpon bankes,borders of fieldcs, and graffie mole hils, in fandie groundes, and in woods,almofl eueric where. The four th kinde,my good friende mafler Stephen Bredxtell, pradicioner in phifickc founde and (hewed it me in thcclofe next adioining to the houfc of mafler Beic, cheefe of the clarkcs of hir Maieflies CounfeIl>d welling at Barnes neere London. The fift is a flrange r in England, but I hauc i t growing in my garden. k The time. Thefe flower from May to September. k The names. Thefe plants are comprehended vnder this generall name Veronica^ with their additions, which doe diflinguifh the onefrom the other: we do call them in Englifh Paulcs Betonie, or Speedwell: in Welch it is called Fluellen,and the Welch people do attribute great vertues vnto the fame: in high Dutch ♦ in lowe Dutch Gtttl that is to faie;,honor and praife. k The nature. Thefe are of a meane temperaturc,betweene heate and drinefle. - k The vertues. & The deco&ion of Veronica drunke, fodereth and healeth all frefh and olde wounds, clenfeth the bloud from all corruption,and is good to be drunke for the kidneics,and againfl feuruines and foulc fpreading tetters,and confuming or fretting fores,the fmall pockes and meafels. B The water of Veronica deflilled with wine, and redeflilled fo often vntill the liquor waxe ofarc d* difh colour: preuaileth againfl the old cough,the drineffe of the lungs 3 and all vlccrs and inflam¬ mation of the fame. Ofherbe Twpo pence . Chap. 185 ?. kThe defeription. 1 T | Erbe Twopence hath a fmall and tender roote, fpreading and difperfingitfelfcfarre rH! within the ground;from which rife vp many littlc,tender,flexible flalkes trailing vpon the grounde,fet by couples at certainc (paces, with fmooth greene leaues fomewhat rounde, whereof it tooke his name: from the bofome of which leaues fhootc foorfh fmall tender footflalks, whereon do growe little yellowe flowers,like thofe ofCinkcfoilc or Tormentill. 2 There is a kinde of Money woort orherbe Two pcnce,like the other ofhis kinde in cchrefpeft, failing it is altogither lefler,wherein they differ. 1 TTjtmmuUrU H H 1 tn CT D RIR O F FLAN T S. • • ! 505 # The place. It groweth ncere vnto ditches and dreames,and other waterie places, and is fometimes founds ft moid woods: I founde it vpon the bancke of the riuer of Thames, right againft the Quccnes pal- lace of White hall 5 and almod in euery countrey where I haue trauelled. it The time. It flowreth from May till fbmmcr be well [pent. •ft 7 he fumes. , Herbe Two pence is called in Latine Nummularis , and Centummorbia : and of diuers Serpents - rid. It is reported that if ferpentsbehurtor wounded, they dohealethemfclues with this herbe, whereupon came the name Serpent aria : it is thought to be called- Centummorbia , of the woonder- full effed which it hath in curing difeafes; and it is called Nummularis , ofthe forme of money,wher- untotheleauesarelikciin DutchP^ntlUlCkCCUpt \ inEnglilTnMoney woort; herbe Twopence, andTwopennie grade. it 'the temperature. That this herbe is drie,the binding tafte thereof doth fhewe: it is alfo moderately colde. it the vertues. The flowers and Ieaues damped and laide vpon wounds and vlcers doth cure them: but it wor- keth mod effe&ually being damped and boiled in oile oliue with fome rofen, waxe, and turpentine added thereto. Theiuice drunke in wine,is good for the bloodic flixe, and all other iflues of blood in man or wo- g man. The weaknede and loofencde of the belly and laske 5 it helpeth thofe that vomite blood, and the Whites in fuch as haue them. Boiled with wine and honie it cureth the wounds ofthe inwarde parts, and vlcers of the lungs, Q and in a worde, there is not a better wound herbe,no not Tabaco it feIfc,nor any other whatfoeuer. The herbe boiled in wine with a little honie, or mcade, preuaileth much againd the cough in D childrcn,called the Chinne cough. ^ Of % 505 THE SECOND 300KET0F THE Y ' . c .*ah^v»vv : v Of c Bugle i 6r Middle Qomfrej. Cbapiipa. ‘ | Bugula. Middle Confound. * Bugula flore aibo. White Bugle, •frThe description. r^/^fpreadethandcreepethalongft the ground like Monie woort; theleaues be long, 1 fat, and oleous, and of a browne colour for the moft part. The flowers growe about the ftalkes in rundles, compafling the ftalke, leauing betweene euerie rundle bare or naked fpaces 5 and are of a faire blew colour,and often white. I found many plants of it in a inoift ground vponBlacke heath necre London, faft by a village called Charleton, but the leaues were greene, and not browne at all like the other. 2 Bugle with the white flower differeth not from the precedent, in rootes,leaues,and ftalkes: the onely difference is, that this plant bringeth foorth faire milke white flowers, and the other, thofe that are blew. # 7 he place. Bugula groweth almoft in euerie wood and copfes, and fuchlike ftiadowie andmoiftpIaces 3 and is much planted in gardens. ie The time, Bugula flowreth in Aprill and May. y “k The names. Bugle is reckoned among the Confoundes or wound herbs : called of fome Confolida media , Bn- gula , and BugUm ; in high Dutch X in lowe Dutch ^EnCgrOCM t of Alathiolus Laurent in a ; in Englifh Browne Bugle: of fome Sickle woort,and herbe Carpenter, but not truly. ie The nature. Bugle is of a meane temperature, betweene heate and drinefle, & The UHISTORIE OF PLANTS. 507 & Thevertues . Itis commended againA inwarde burftings,and members tome, rent, andbrufed: and therefore A it is put into potions that leruc for nodes,in which it is offuch vertue,that it can diflblue and wafte away congealed and clotted blood. RuclUus writeth that they commonly faie m Fraunce, howe he needeth neither phificion nor furgeon that hath Bugle and Sanickle, for it doth not onelycure woundcs being inwardly taken ,but alfo applied to them outwardly j it is good for the infirmities of the liuer 3it taketh away theobftru< 5 lions,and ftrengthneth it. The decoction ofBugle drunken ,diflblueth clotted or congealed bloode within the bodie, hea- B leth and maketh founde all woundes of the bodie,both inward and outwarde. The fame openeth the ftoppings of the liuer and gall, and is good againft the iaundife and feuers C of long continuance. The fame decodtion cureth the rotten vlcers and fores of the mouth and gums. D Bugula is excellent in curing wounds and fcratches, and the iuice cureth the wounds a vicers and E fores of the feerct parts ,or the herbe brufed and laide thereon. Of Selfe heale . 1 Prunella. Selfe healc. CbapApi. 2 Prunella Id Obelij . Thefccond Selfe healc. ■p # The defeription. Runell or Bruncll,hath fquarc hairie ftalks of a foote high,befet with long hairie and fharpe pointed leaues, and at the top of the ftalkes growe flowers thicke fet togither, like an eare or fpikie knap, of a browne colour mixed with blew colours,and fbmetimes white,of which kinde I founde fbrne plants in Eflex neere Henningham caftell. The root is fmall and verie threddy. 2 Prunella, altera,or after L'Obelius and Pena Symphytumpetranm, ( many plants hau:ng like ver- tuc in fodcring, confolidating ofwounds and fractures.) Is'woodie, full of twigs and well fmelling, hauingthe braunchcsof Origanum, with fmall leaues, and the tufts of Time .-thcroote is long, a finger 5q8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE finger big,of a purple colour. To be lliort,I cannot finde that any of our new writers haue afliiredly found this plant as yet,though Mathiolus triumpheth before vi&orie: but the necrcft plant thereto (in mine opinion) is Cor is CWonpellienfium, and yet in forne points they differ 5 and therefore I leaue this plant to abetter confideration. 3 Prunellafore albo. White flowred Selfehcale. k The defer iption. 3 The third fort of Selfehealc is like vnto the laft deferibed in roote, ftailcCj and Ieaues., and ia euery other point, fauing that the flowers hereof are of a perfed white colour, & the others not fo, which maketh the difference. k 1 he place. The firft kinde of Prunell or Brunei!, groweth verye commonly in all our fieldes throughout England. The fecond Brunei, or Symphytumpetreum grow¬ eth naturally vpon rocks, ftoniemountaines, and grauellie grounds. 1 k The time. Thefe plants flower for the moftpart allfbm- merlong. k The names. Brunell is called in Englifh Prunell, Carpen¬ ters herbe,Selfeheale,and Hookeheale, & Sickle- woort. It is called of the later Herbarifus prunelit, and Prunella, of CMathiolm, Confolidaminor, and Solf dago minor ; but faith Ruellius , the Daifie is the right Confolida minor, and Solidagominor, k The nature. Thefe herbs are of the temperature o ?BuguU, that is to fay,hot and dric,and fomthing binding, k Thevertues. A The decodion of Prunell made with wine or water, doth ioine togither and make whole and found all wounds,both inward and outward, cuen as Bugle doth. B Prunell brufed with oile of Roles and vinegcr, and laid to the forepart of the head, fwageth and helpeth the paine and aking thereof. C To be fhort, it ferueth for the fame that Bugle doth, and in the world there arc not two better wound herbes,as hath been often prooued. D It is commended againft the infirmities of the mouth,and efpecially the ruggednefle,blacknefle, anddrinefleof the toong, with a kinde of fwclling in the fame. Itisaninfirmitie among foldiers that lie in campe. The Germans call it tie which happeneth not without a continual! ague andfrenfie. The remedie hereof isthedeco&ionof Selfeheale, with common water, after blood letting out of the veinesof the toong : and the mouth and toong muftbe often waited with the fame dcco&ion, and fometimes a little vineger mixed therewith. This difeafe is thought to be vn- knowen to the old writers: but notwithftanding if it be conferred with that, which Panins Aegineta calleth pryftpelas Cerebri, S. Anthonies fire of the braine, then will it not be thought to be much differing, if it be not the very fame. Of the great TOaijie , or Maudelen mort. Chap. ipz. k The defer iption. I He great Daifie hath very many broade Ieaues fpred vpon the grounde, fbmewhat inden¬ ted about the edges, of the breadth of a finger, not vnlike thole of groundfwell: among which rife vp flalks of the height of a cubite, fet with the like Ieaues, but letter, in the top whereof HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5°9 whereof doe growc white flowers withyellowe thrums in the middle like thofe of the fingit* fielde Daiflc or Maiweedc 3 without any flnell at all. Therooteis full of firings. i Belli* maior. The great DaiAe. # 7 he place. It groweth in medowes and the borders of Aeldes almofteuery where. The time. Itflowrethand flourifheth inMaie and lune. tfr The names. It is called (as we haue faide) Beilis maior^ and alfo Confab da media vttlnerario? ump.o make a dif¬ ference betweene it and EugstU, which is the true Conjohdamedix: notwithftanding this isholden ofalltobe ConfUdamedij generis , ora kinde of middle Confounde: in high Dutch as Fuchfms reporteth X in Englifh the great DaiAe,and Maudleine woort. The temperature. This great DaiAe is moift in the end of thefc- cond degree., and colde in the beginning of the fame. # The vertucs. Theleaues of the great Maudleine woort arc A sj. good again# all burning vlcers and apoftemes, again# the inflammation & running of the cies, being applied thereto. The fame made vp into anvnguentor falue B with waxe 3 oile/and turpentine, is mo# excellent for wotindes, efpecially thofe wherein is any in¬ flammation , and will not come todigeftion or maturation,as are thofe weeping wounds made in the knees,elbowes 3 and other ioints. The iuiccjdecodionjor deftillcd waters drunkc to very good purpofe again# the rupture or any C inward burftings. The herbe is good to be put into Vulncrarie drinkes or potions 3 as one Ample belonging thereto D mo# neceffarie 3 to the which effed the be# pradifed dd vfc it, as a Ample in Inch cafes of great effed. It likewife aflwageth the cruell torments ofthe gout 3 vied with a fewe Mallow'cs and butter,boi- E led and made to the forme of a pultis. The fame receipt aforefaid vied in clyfters, profiteth much again# the vehement heat in agues,, F and ceafeth the torments or wringing of the guts and bowels. Of little Daifies. Qbap. lyy & The kindes. HP Here be diuers ofthe fmall Daifles differing in colour of the flowers 3 and alfo in the don- **• blenefle thereof. # T he defeription. HeDaiAebringeth foorth manyleaues from a threddie roote,frrK}oth 3 fat, long,and form whatrounde withail,veryfieightly indented about the edges, for the mo# part lying flat vpon the grounderamong which rife vp the flowcrs 3 eue:y one with his owne (lender ftem, like almoft to thofe of CamomilAbut lefler,ofa perfed white colour,and very double. 2 The double red DaiAe is like vnto the precedent in euery refped, fauing in the colour of the flowcrsifor this plant bringeth foorth flowers of a red colour 3 and the other white as aforefaid. I Be lid 1 "]f 5io THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE I Beilis llortmjis multiplex flore albo. The double white Daifie. 2 Beilis TJortenJisflore rubro . The double red Daifie. 3 Beilis minor fyluefirU. 4 Beilis media fylueflris. > The fiiiall wilde Daifie. The middle wil de Daifie. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5” ^ The defer ip ion. 3 The wilde fielde Daifie hath many leaues fpred vpon the grounde,like thofe of the garden Dai¬ fie; among which rife vp (lender Items ,on the top whereof doth grow fmall Angle flowers like thole of*Camomill,fet about a bunch of yellow thrums,with a pale of white leaues,fomtimes white,now and then red,and often of both mixed-togither.The roote is threddie. 4 There doth likewile growe in the fields another fort of wilde Daifie, agreeing with the former in each refped,failing that it is fomewhat greater then the other,and the leaues are fomwhat more cut in the edges. 5 Beilis catuUa feueglobularja. 6 Belli* c&rulcaApulea. The blewerounde Daifie. The Blewe Italian Daifie. & The defer ip ion. 5 The blewe Italian Daifie hath manie Imall threddie roote s, from which rile vppe leaues like thofe of the common Daifie, of adarkegreene colour, among which commethvpa fat (femme fet rounde about with like leaues, but leller, The flowers growe at thetoppe globe fafhion, that is,rounde like a ball, of a perfect blewe colour, verie likevnto the flowers of Mountaine Sca¬ bious. 6 This Italian blew Daifie hath many leaues Ipred vpon the ground like vnto the former,but fom- ivhat broader and more hollowed in like a fpoone, among which rile vp flowers rounde asabal!, and of a blew eolour.The roote is threddie. 7 The French blew Daifie is like vnto the other blewe Dailies in echerefped, fauingitis altogi- ther lefler,wherein confide th the difference. 7 Belli* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The place. The double Dailies are planted in gardens: the others growe wilde euery where. The blew Dailies are ftrangers in England, their naturall place of abode is fet foorth in their leue- rall tides. ■it The time. The Dailies do flower moll part of thelommer, it The names. TheDailie iscalled in high Dutch J ’ in lowe Dutch C^argnetCn: in Latin" Beilis minor , an &Conplidaminor, or the middle Confound: of Phnie Primula veris: but that name is more proper vnto Primrofe, orcertainekindesofMulleines; of fome Herha Margarita: or Margarites herbe : in French Marguerites , and Cafjaudes: in Italian Fieri At prim a 'verigentiii • in Englilh Dailies and Bruifc woort. TheblcweDailieis called Be Hit camlea : oflome Clohularia^oi the rounde forme of the flower: it is alfo called phyllanthes and Frondiflcra: in Italian Botanaria: in Englifh blew Dailies and Globe Dailie. it 7 he temperature. The leller Dailies are colde and moilf,and they are moift in the ende of the feconde degree, and colde in the beginning of the fame. itThevertues. The Dailies do mitigate all kinde of paines, but efpecially of the ioints and goute proceeding from a hot and drie humour, if they be ftamped with newe butter vnlalted, and applied vpon the painfull place: but they worke morc erfedually ifmaliowes be added thereto. B The leaues of Dailies vied among other potherbes, do make the bellie loluble, and are alio put into clyfters with good fuccelTe,inhot burningfeauers,and again!! inflammations of the inteftines. C The iuice of the leaues and rootes fliiFc vp into the nofthrils,purgeth the head mightilie of foule and filthy llimie humours :andhelpcth the Megrim. X) The fame giuen to little dogs with milke,keepeth them from growing great. E The leaues ftamped,taketh away brules and Iwcllings proceeding of lome ftrokc,if they be flam- ped and laide thereon,whereupon it was called in olde time Bruile woorte. p The iuice put into the eies cleereth them,and taketh away the watering. q The deco&ion of the fielde Dailie (which is the bell for phifickes vle)made in water and drunke, is good againfl; agues,inflammation of the liuer,and all other the inward parts. 7 Beilis carulea Monfpeliaca. Blew French Dailies. Ofz 5 \£oufeare. Chap.194-* it The kindes. Here be diuers forts of Mouleare: whereof to write apart were to fmail purpole, confide- ring they may be diftinguifhcd,and yet comprehended in one chapter. it The defeription. He great Mouleare hath great and large leaues, greater then our common Pylofella fit Mouleare, thicke,andfulloffubfl:aunce. The Italkcsandleauesbehoarieandwhite, with a lilken moflines in handling like filke,pleafant and faire in view.lt beareth three or fower quadranglcd ftalkes,lbmewhatknottie,a foote long. The rootes are haide, woodie and full of firings: the flowers come foorth at the top of the lfalkes,like vnto the fmail Pifle- abed,or Dandelion,of a bright yellowe colour. 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 513 The fecond kinde of Pilofelk is that herbe which vVe call Auricula muris, or Moufeare, being a cry common herbe (but fewe more woorthy ofconftderation) bicauie of his goodeffed : and yet .leanevnremembredofthe old writers. It is called of the rough, hairie, and whitilh fub- y :ance growing on the leaues,which are fomewhat long like the little Daifie, but that theyhauc a nail hollownefle in them, relembling the eare of a moufe: vpon which conflderation the Grarci- ns hauc called it Myofotis^ wherein they were greatly deceiued , for it is nothing likevnto/k/)^- ■>tU of Viofcorides * his fmall (hikes arc likewife hairie, (lender, and creeping vpon the ground, his lowers are double, and of a pale yellowe colour, much like vnto Sonchis, or literacium , or rlaukcweede. I PilofeUa thaior. Great Moufeare. 2 Pilofelk repens. Creeping jMouleare. 'the defeription. 3 The fmall Moufcare with broade leaues hatha fmall, tough roojtc; from which rife vpma- nie hairie,and hoarie broade leaues fpred vpon the grounde: among which growethvp a (lender ftem; at the top whereof (landetwoor three finall yellowe flowers, whichbeingripe turnevnto downe that is caried away with the winde. 4 The blewe Moufeare hath a (mall threddie roote, from which rife vp many rough hairie leaues, ofan ouerworne ruflet colour. The (hike is likewife hairie ,as is euery part of the plant:the flowers are very fmall, of a blewe colour t after which followe little hairie pouches or feede veflels, like thofeofShephcards purfe. Kk 1 3 Pilofelk BOOKE OF THE 4 Pilofellaflore carulet. Blewe Moufeare. ■■ n ii # The place. Thefe plants do growe vpon fandie bankes, and vntoiled places that lie open to the aire. A The time. They flower in Male and lime. ie 7 he names. Great Moufeare is called ofthe later Herbarifts PilofelU : the fmaller likewife Pilofella 3 and Au¬ ricula muris •' in Dutch j6?0g0lCtUtfGand fjf Upf0O2 3 offome HclojUum lacuna : in French Oreille de rat on four is •' in Italian Pelofma •' in Hnglifh great Moufeare,fmallMoufeare 3 and blewe Moufeare. v it The temperature. They are hot and drie of temperature 3 of an excellent aftringentfacultie 3 withacertainehot tenuitie admixed. *£• The verities. A The decodtion of PilofelU drunke 3 doth cure and heale all wounds 3 both inwarde and outwarde, it cureth hernies 5 ruptures or burftings. B The leaues dried and made into powder, profite much in healing woundes being ftrawed there- vpon. C Thcdecodfionorthciuiceis of fuch excellencie, that if fteele edged tooles glowing hot be drenched and cooled therein oftentimes 3 it maketh them fo hard 3 that they will cut (tone or iron 3 be it neuer fo hard vvithoutturning the edge or waxing dull. D This herbe being vfedin gargarifines 3 cureth theloofenefle of the Vuula.' H Being taken in drinke it healeth the fluxes of the wojube 3 as alfo the difeaies ca 'led Dyffenteria, and Entcrocele: it glueth and confoundeth wounds 3 ftaieth the fwelling of the fpleene,and the blou- die excrements procured thereby. F The Apothecaries of the lowe countries make a fyrupe of the iuiceof this herbe, which they vfe for the cough 3 confumption. and ptificke. - t s> a.3 ;n: HISTORIE OF PLANTS. OfCotton Weede >or Cudweede . Chap .ipf. 5*5 I Gnaphalium ^Anglicum. Engiifh Cudweedc. 2 Gnaphaliim vulgar e. Common Cudweede. The description. 1 Nglilh Cudweed hath fundrie {lender and vprightftalk$,diuided into many branches, and £“< groweth as high as common Wormwood,, whole colour andfhape it doth much refera¬ ble. The leaues fhoote from the bottome of the turfe full of haires, in fhape lomewhat like a Willow leafebelowe, but aboue they be narrower, and like the leaues of Pfyllium^ or Fleawoort: among which do grow fmall pale coloured flowers, like thole of the fmall Coni&a or Fleabane: the whole plant is of a bitter tafte. 2 The lecond being our common Gmphalitm , or Cudweede, is a bafe or lowe herbe, nine or ten inches long, hauing many fmall ftalkes or tender branches, and little leaues, couered all ouer with a certaine white cotton,or fine wool,and very thicke.The flowers be yeIlow,and growe like buttons at the top of the ftalkes. 3 The thirde kinde of Cudweede, or Cotton weede being of the fea, is like vnto the other Cud¬ weede laft recited, in ftalkes and white cotton leaues, but is altogitherfmaller and lower, leldome growing an handfull high. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes in final! round buttons, of colour and fafhion like the other Cudweede. 4 The fourth being the Cotton weede of the hils and ftonie mountaines, is fo exceeding white and hoarie, that one would thinke it to be a plant made of wooll, which may very eafily be kno wen by his picture without Other defcription. 5 The fiftkinde of Cotton weede hath leaues and ftalkes like the other of his kinde, and differeth in that,that this plant beareth a bufh or tuft of purple flowers,otherwife it is very like. 6 The fixt is like vnto the laft recited, but greater: the flowers are of an exceeding bright red co¬ lour,and of an aromaticall fweete finell. 3 Gnaphahum ICk 2 y.6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Gnaphalium marinim. Sea Cudwcede. 5 Gnaphalium montmiimpurpureum . Purple mountaine Cotton weeded 4 Gnaphaliummontanum album. White mountaine Cudweede, 6 Gnaphalium montammfuaue rubens. Bright red mountaine Cotton weede. it the dejcription. 7 The feuenth kinds of Gnaphalium, or Cotton weede of Clufm his defcription, groweth to the height of nine or ten inches,hauing little long leaues,like the ftnall Moufeare; woollie within, and of an hoarie colour on theoutfide. The ftalkes in like manner are very woollie; at the top whereof commcth foorth a fairs flower and a ftrange, hauing fuch woollie leaues bordering the flower about, that a man would thinke it to be nothing elfe but wooll it felfe: and in the middeft of the flower come foorth fundrie fmall heads of a pale yellow colour, like vnto the other of thiskinde. The roote is blacks,and fomewhat fibrous. 7 Gnaphalium HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 517 7 GmpbAlium ^Alpinum. Rocke Cotton weede. 8 F'tUgo minor. Small Cudweede. k 7he defeription. There is a kind of Cotton weed being of greater beauty then the reft, that hath ftraighc & vpright ftalks, three foote high or more, couered with a moft foft and fine wool,& in fuch plentiful maner, that a man may with his handes take it from the ftalke in great quantitie: which ftalke is befet with many frnall, long and narrow leaues, grecne vpon the inner fide, and hoarie on the other fide, fa- fhioned lomewhat like the leaues of Rofemarie, but greater. The flowers do growe at the top of the ftalkes in bundles or tufts, confiding of many fmall flowers of a white colour, and very double, compact or as it were confiding of Ifttle fiiuer dales, thruftclole togither, which do make the fame very double. When the flower hath long flourilhed, and is waxen old, then commeth there in the middeftof the flower, a certaine browne yellow thrum, fuch as is in the middeft of the Dai- fie; which flower being gathered when it is yong, may be kept in fuch manner as it was gathered, I meane in fuch frefhnefle and well liking, by the fpaee of a whole yeere after in your cheft or elfe- where; wherefore our Englifh women haue called it Liue long, or Liue for euer, which name doth aptly anfwer his effects. $ Filagofiue Herb a imp in, Herbe impious,or wicked Cudweede, ! li! 5lB THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The defection. 8 The eight kinde of Cottonweede is called Filago , to make fame difference that it may he di- ftinguilhed from Gnafialium: yet without doubt it is on#,pf thekindesof Gnafialium, as the others are. This plant hath three or fower finall gravifh ,cottonie or woollie ftaiks,growing ftraight from the roote,and commonly without branches. The leaues be long,narrow,whitifh, foft, and woollie, like the other ofhis kinde. The flowers be rounde like buttons, growing \erie many togither at the top of the ftalks,but nothing fo yellowe as Mouleare, which turne into downe,and are caried away with the winde. 9 The ninth is like vnto the Iaft before mentioned,in ftalkes,leaues,andflowers, but is altogither fmaller &much lower, &: for the moft part thole flowers which appeerfirft are the Iowcft & bafeft; and thofe that come after growe higher,as children leeking to ouergro we or ouertop their parents, (as many wicked children do)for which caufe it hath beene called Herba impia, that is,the Wicked Herbe,or Herbe impious. I o Leontopodiumfine Pes Leonimu . Lion Cudwecde. II Leant opodiumparuum. Small Lion Cudwecde. & The defeription. 10 The tenth plant comprehended vnder the title ofGnafaliuw , ( being without doubt a kinde thereof,as may appeerc by the fhape ofhis flowers and ftalkes, couered ouer with a loft wooll like vnto the other kindes of Cotton weede) isanhandfullhighor thereabouts, befet with leaues like Gnafialium anglicum,bi}tfomcwhat broader. At the top of the ftalke there groweth a flower of a blackifhbrownevioletcolour, befet about with rough, and woollie hairie leaues, which make the whole flower to refemble the rough haired foote of a Lion, of a Hare, or a Beare, or rather in mine opinion,of a rough footed Doue.The heads of thele flowers when they are Ipred abroad, Car¬ rie a greater circumference then is required in fo finall a plant, Sc when the flower is faded, the feed is wrapped in ftich a deale of wooll,that it is fcarlely to be founde out. 11 This finall kind o{Leontopodium beinglikewifeakindof Cotton weed, (neither by DioficoridtS) Fuchfiui , or any other auncient writer once retnembred ) hath one Angle ftalke nine inches in height, & leaues of Gnafialiummontanwn ; which leaues and ftalkes are white ,*with a tnicke hoaric woollinefte, bearing at the top pale yellowe flowers like Gnafalium CMontanwn : the roote flender and wooddie. 7 • The place. The firfr groweth in the darke woods of Hampfteede, and the woodesneerevntoDetfordeby London.Thefecondgrowethvpondriefandiebanks. The thirde groweth at a place called Mere- zey, fixe miles from Colchefter,neere vnto the lea fide. The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 51 9 The reft grow vpon mountaines and hillie grounds,and barren pallures. The kind of Gnaphalium newly fet foorth, groweth naturally neercvnto the Mediterranean lea, from whence it hath beene brought and planted in our Englifh gardens. k The time. They (lower for the moft part,from Iune to the end of Auguft. & The names. Cotton weede is called in Greeke^p^Wj and it is called Gnaphalion, bicaule men vfe the tender leaues ofit in fteed of Bumbafte or Cotton, as Paulua o* Egineta writeth; Plinie faith it is called Chamaxybn: as though he fhouldc fay lowe Cotton; for it hath a foft and white cotton like vnto bumbafte, whereupon alfo it was called of diners Tomentitix , and Coton art a: of others Centuncu - /»j,and Centuncu/arii) and Albinumyvhich worde is founde among the baftarde names.But the later worde by reafon of the white colour doth reafonably well agree with it. It is alio called Bombax^ humilia filago , and Herb a Impiabiczufe the yonger,or thofe flo wers that fpring vp later,are higher, and onertop thofe that camefirft,as many wicked children do vnto their parents ,as before touched in the defeription: in Englifh Cotton weede, Cudweede, Chaffe weede,and petie Cotton. k The nature. Thefe herbes be of an aftringent or binding and drying qualitie. kThe vertues. Gnaphalium boiled in ftrong lee,clenfeth the haire from nits and lice: alfo the herbe being laid in A wardrobes andpreftes,keepeth apparell from mothes. The fame boiled in wine and drunken,killeth wormes,and bringeth them foorth, and preuaileth B againft the bitings and flingings of venemous beafts. The fume orfmoke of the herbe dried,and taken with a funnell, being burned therin, & receiued C in fuch maner as we vfe to take the fume of Tabaco, that is,with a crooked pipe made for the lame purpofc by the potter, preuaileth againft the cough of the lungs , the great ache or paine of the head,and clenfeth the breft and inward parts, l Of (jolden uShfotbmortjr Quhveede. Chap.196. & The kindes. r T i Here be diuers fortes hereof,conteined vnder diuers titles,yet of one flocke or kinred,and all of them Cudweedes,or ChafFeweedes,or Cottonweedes. k The defeription. 1 Olden Mothwoort bringeth foorth flender ftalkes fomewhat hard and wooddie, diuided i Y into diuers fmall branches: whereupon do grovve leaues fomewhat rough, and of a white colour, very much iagged like Southernwood, which the grauer hath omitted in the pic¬ ture. The flowers (land on the top of the ftalkes ioinedtogither in tuftes of a yellow colour, glitte¬ ring like golde, in forme 1 elembling the fcalie flowers of f anfie, or the middle button of tire flow¬ ers of Camomil,which being gathered before they be ripe or withered, remain beautiful long time after,as my fclfe did lee in the handes ofMafter Wade, one of the Clerks of hir Maiefties Counfell, which was fent him among other things from Padua in Italie. For which caufe of long lading, the images and earned gods were woont to weare garlands therof, wherupon feme haue called it Gods flower. For which purpofe Ptolemte king of Aegypt did moft diligently obferue them, as Plinie writeth. 2 There is another fort of golden Mothwoort, which L'ObelitMCpWtth.Co'ma aurca, of the golden tuft of flo wers,which are like the precedent,as is all the reftof theplant. Kk 4 I Eliochryfon, 5io THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE l Eliochryfonjine auremjlos. 2 Comaaurea . Golden Mothwoort. Golden tuft. He 7 he place. They growcin mod vntilied placesof Italic and Spaine, tnmedowes where the fbilc is barren, and about die banks of riuers.They are ftrangers in England. He The time . They flower in Auguft and September, notwithftanding TheophraHm and Plinie do number them among the flowers ofthe fpring. He The names. GoIdenMothwoort is called of D/ofcorides Plinie calleth it Hcl'mhryjbn , and like wife Tbecpbrajlut: GazA tranflatethit Amelia: in Englifh Gold flower,GoIdcn Mothwoort, or Golden Cudweede, being doubtlefle a kindc of Gnaphalium, or Cudweede. He The temperature. It is (faith Galen)o>i power to cut and make thin. He Thevcrtues. A Diofeorides teacheth, that a branch thereof drunke in wine, is good for them that can hardly make water 5 againft dinging of ferpents, painesof the buckle bones : and taken in fweete wine it didolueth congealed blood. B The branches and leaueslaid among clothes keepeth them from moths, whereupon ithath bene called offome Mothwecde,or Mothwoort. Of (f olden flower (jentle. Qhapnyj . He The deferipticw. 1 *~f"* Hisorenge coloured Cudweede or Flower gentle, called of the latter herbarids Yellow j| Stoecados,is a plant that hath daiks of a fpan long,and (lender,wherupon do grow narrow leaues white and downie,as are alfo the dalkes .The Bowers dand on the tops of the daiks, confiding HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 521 confiftingofa fcattcred,ordilordered fcalie tuft,of a reafonable good liriell,and of a bright yellovve colour,which being gathered before they be ripe,do keepe their colour and beautie long time with¬ out withering, as do mod of the Cotton weedes,or Cudweedes, whereof this is a kinde. The roote is blacke and (lender. 2 This Crjryfocome, or Floramore (which may be englifhed GoldiIockcs,of his golden chaise, or fcalie locks)is altogither Idler than the former,whcrein conlifteth the difference. I Stcechas Citrina. 2 chryfocome^fiue Amaranth us lute us. Golden Stoechas. Goldilockes Mothweed. & The defer iption. 3 About Nemanfium and Mountpellier, there groweth another kinde of C hryfoeomesox as it may be called Stcechas Citrina alter a y but thatas this plantis in all points like, (o in allrefpeds it is Idler Slenderer,blacker,& not offuch beautie as the former, growing more ncer vnto an aPnie colour, confiding of many (mall twigs afoote long. 1 he roote is lefier, and hath fewer firings annexed thereto: and is feldom found but in the cliffes and crags ofrubbifh,S<: on wals of cities.This plant is browne, without lent or fauour like the other, euery branch hath his ovvne bunch cf flowers, but not a number heaped togither,as in the fill kinde. It profpereth well in our London gardens. 4 There is a kinde hereof being a very rare plant, and as rare to be founde where it naturally gro¬ weth, which is in the woods among the okes hetweene Omcrs and Mountpellier. It is aline and beautiftillplant,infhewe palling Stcechas Citrina altera : but the leaucs ofthis kinde are broade, and fomewhathoarie,as is all the reft ofthe whole plants the ftalke afoote long, andbeareth the verie flowers of Stcechas Citrina ait era , but bigger and longer, and lomewhathke the flowers of Laciuca, agrejlis. The roote is like the former, without any manifeft fmell, little knowne,hard to finde,whofe faculties be yet vnknowne. 5 Thisisawilde kinde (which HOhe lives his obferuations fetteth foorth) that heere may be in¬ ferred , called Elicchryfos filuejiris of Tragus y which CAlathiolus calleth FJeudoleontcpodzem. i he woolly or flockey leafe of this plant refembleth Gnaphaliumvulgare y they be of a pale colour, which growc with their feede vnder the wings of the leaues: the roote is very threddy. 3 Chryfocome 5*2 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Chryfocome Galeni. Giilcns Goldilocks. 5 Heliochry (os filucftris. Wilde Goldilocks. 4 kyfmaranthus Galeni, Gillens Mothwoort. They grows in rough and grauellie places al- mofl: euerie where neere vnto theRhene, efpe- cially betweene Spira and Vormacia. #The time. They flower in Iune and Inly. # The names. Golden Flower is called in Latine Cemaaures, of his golden lockes or beautifull bufn, and alio Tineraria : in fhops Stcechas ettrina^Amaranthns Intern Fuchjii , & 7 ragi: of fomc' Linaria airea, butnot truely: in Greekc chryfocome ? in Dutch JRcpnhlOClHCn, and gotten erupt X in Italian Amarantho Giallo • in Englifh Goldc Flower, Gods Flower,and Golden Stoecados. ie The temper aturc and vertues. The flowers of Golden Stcechadosboiledin wine and drunke, expell wonr.es out of thebel- lie; and being boiled in Ice made of ftrongafhes doth kill lice and nits, if they be bathed there¬ with. The other faculties are referred to the for¬ mer plants mentionedin the laft chapter. Of ■ - ' ■ 5*3 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ofCoslmarieandtTKTaudelein. Qoap.iyK. I Bdf&mitA nuts. 2 Bdlfttmittfowning Coftmarie. Maudelein. ft The de feription. 1 Oftmarie groweth vp with round hard ftalks two foote high, bearing long broad leaues finely nicked in the edges, ofanouerworne whitifti greene colour. The tuft or bundle is of a golden colour, confiding of many little flowers like clufters ioined togiffierln a rundle, after the maner of Golden Stoechados. Therooteisofa wooddiefiibftance,bynStuqe very durable,not without a multitude oflittle firings hanging thereat. The whole plant is of a pleafant fine ll,fauour and tafte. ■: r - - 2 Maudelein is fbmewhatlike vnto Coftmarie (whereofitis akinde) in colour fmell,tafte, and in the golden flowers,fit vpon the tops of the ftalks in round clufters. It bringeth fporth a number of ftalkes,flender,and round. The leaues are narrow,long, indented,and deepely cut about the edges. Theclufterof flowers is lefier than that of Coftmarie, but of a better fmell and yellower colour. The rootes. are long lading andmany. There is another kindc of Ba/famta^which we hauc called Ageratum , as alio that other with the white flowers,that is all one with Bdfxmitxfii you may cal them at your pleafure either Ageratumot Baljamta :the Grecians call it which is in La tine <^Ageratum , njel non fenejeens .-called in fhops (though vntruly) Eupatorium. The flowers areof a beautifull and fiemely lhew, which will not loofi their excellencie of grace in growing, vntill they be very olde, and therefore called of Mejue 2 \j>k fenejcens > as before; and are like in tufts to Eliochryfon , but of a white colour, and is the true and right L^geratam of DiofcoriMs , although there hath beene great controuerfie which fhould be the true plant. ft The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The place. They growe ege.ry yvhere in gardens, and are cherifhed for their fweete flowers andleaues. it The time. They bring foorth their tuftes of yellow flowers ,in the (ommer monethes. & The names. Coftmarie is called in Latine Balfamita maior or mas : of iorne CoHut hortorum: it is alfb ca. ied Mi nth a Grata, and Saracenica officinarum: oi Tragus Alijma: of Mathiolus Herba Grata: of outers Salma Ronana, and Herba lajjulata: ofiome HerbaD.Mann: in Englifh Coftmarie,and Aleccaft; in high Dutch jf raiiimtlkiaut X in lowe Dutch ^ep&Utfcf) UritMraUt: in French Coq. Maudelein is without doubt a kinde of Coftmarie, called of the Italians Giula: of Valerius Cor - dus Mentha Co » ymbifera, and Eupatorium CMefua: of Diojeorides Ageratwn ,& Coitus minor hortenfis: in Eng iih Maudelein. it The nature. They are hot and’drie in the fecond degree. & 7 hevertues. A Thefe plants are very efFecfcualI,dpeciaIIy Maudelein,and taken either inwardly or outwardly do prouoke vrine 3 and the fume thereof doth the Iike 3 and moilifieth the hardnes of the matrix. B Coftmarie is put into ale to fteepe 5 as alio into the barrels and ftands among thole herbes wher- with they c'o make fage ale; which drinke is very profitable for the difeales aforefaid. C The leaues ofMaudleine and Adders toong ftamped and boiled in oile oliue 5 adding thereto a little waxe, rofin 3 and a little turpentine,maketh anexcellent healing vnguent, or incarnatiue falue to raife or bring vp flefh from a deepe and hollowe wounde or vlcer, whereofl haue had long expe¬ rience. D The conferue made with the leaues of Coftmarie and fugar,doth warme and drie the braine 3 and openeth the ftoppings of the fame: ftoppeth all Catarrhes, rheumes 3 and deftillations 3 taken in the quantitic of a beane. E The leaues of Coftmarie boiled in wine and drunken, cureth the griping paine of the bellie, the guts ,andbowels 5 andcureth the bloodie flixe. F It is good for them that haue the greene ftcknes 3 or the dropfie, efpecially in the beginning, and it helpeth all that haue a weake and cold liner. G The feede expelleth all manner of wormes out of the belly,as wormfeede doth. Of Tanfie. Chap.199. . The deperption. 1 > i" 1 * Anfie groweth vp with many ftalkes,bearing on the tops of them certaine cluftcred tufts, I with flowers like the rounde buttons of yellow Romaine CammomilI,or Feuerfewe(with- out.any leaues paled about them) as yellowe as golde. The leaues be long, made as it were of a great many let togither vpon one ftalke,Iike thole of Agrimonie 3 or rather wilde Tanfie, verie like to the female Ferne,but fofter and Ie'fier,and eucrie one of them flafhed in the edges as are the leaues of FeFne, Therooteis tough, and of a wooddie Jubilance. The whole plant is bitter in tafte, and of a ftronge fmell,but yet pleafant. 2 The double Englifh Tanfie hath leaues infinitely iagged and nicked, and curled withall, like vnto a plume offeathers:it is altogither like vnto the other,both in fmell and tafte,as alfo in flowers, b'ut mo.r?J>le.afantly fmelling by many degrees, wherin elpecially confifteth the difference. g Thethirdekinde of Tanfie hath learns, rootes,ftaIkes, and braunches like the other, and dif¬ fer eth from them,in that this hath no litnell or fiiuour at all,and the flowers are like the common An¬ gle Fetherfewe. \ a: :• ' .. 4 The fourth kinde of Tanfie hath broad leaues much iagged and well cut, like the leaues of Fe- therfew,but fmaller and more decpely cur. The ftalke is fmall, a footelong, whereupon do growe little tufts of little white- Bowers, like the tuft of Milfoile or Yarrow.The herbe is in ftnell andlauour like the common Tanfie,but not altogither fo ftrong. x Tanacetum> HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. I Tavacetum, Tanfie. 2 T amcetum crifltm Anglkum . Double Englifh Tan fie. 525 5 2<S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^ % The-place. The firfi groweth wilde in fields as well as in gardens: the others growe in my m en. The time. They flower in Inly and Auguft. ft 7 he names. The firfi is called Tanfie 3 the fecond Double Tanfie, the third Vnfauorie Tanfie, the Jaft White Tanfie: in Latine Tanacetum , and Atbanajia , as though it were immortal! 5 bicaufe the flowers do not fpeedily wither: of feme Artemijia 3 but vntruly. ft The nature. The Tanfies which finell fweet are hot in the fecond degree,and drie in the third. That without finell is hot and drie,and of a meane temperature. ft Thevertties. A In the fpring time are made with the leaues hereof newly fproong vp,and with egs 3 cakes or tan- fies,which be pleafant in tafte 3 and good for the ftomacke. For if any bad humors cleans thereunto, it doth perfectly concocft thcm 3 and fcowre them downwards. Theroote preferued with honieor fugar 3 is an efpeciall thing againft the gowt, if eucrie day for a ccrtaine fpace,a reafbnable quantitic thereof be eaten falling. B The feede of Tanfie is a Angular and approoued medicine againft wormes 3 for in what fort foeucr it be taken 3 it killeth and driueth them foorth. C The fame pownd, and mixed with oile oliue 3 is very good againft the paine and fhrinking of the finewes. D Alfo being drunke with wine,it is good againft the paine of the bladder, and when a man cannot pifle but by drops. Of Feuerfew. Chap. zoo. 1 Matricara. Feuerfcw. 2 Matricaria duplicijlore . Double Feuerfew. * Tie HIST O R I E OF PLANTS. 5-7 a ■ W Tbedefiription. 1 X^Euer^wbrin2,eth roorth m^ny little round ftalkes , diuided into certaine branches. The |H leau.es are tender, diuerfiy torne & iagged, and nickt on the edges like the firft and neither- moil leaues of Coriander,but greater. The Bowers (land on the top of the branches,with a fmall pale of white leaues, fet round about a yellow ball or button 3 like the wildc field Daifie. The roote is hard and tough: the whole plant is of a light whitiihgrcene colour, of a ftrongfmcll and bitter tafte. 2 The fecond kinde ofFeuerfew, Matricaria, or Partkenium , difrereth from the former, in that it hath double flowers; other wife in finell, leaues, and brahches,it is all one with common Feuerfew. There is a third fort called Mountain Feuerfew, Carolus Clufua his c!efcription,that hath fmall and fibrous rootes 5 from which proceed flendcr wooddic fhlkes, a footc high and iomwhat more, befet or garnifhed about with leaues like CammomilJ, deepely iagged or cut, of the fauour or fmell ofFeuerfevvjbut not fo ftrong; in tafte hot,but not vnpleaiant. Atthe top of the ftalkes there come foorth ftnall white flowers not like vnto the firft, but rather like vnto Ab(ynth turn album , o r White Woormwood. Of which kinde I haue growing in my garden another fort,like vnto the firft kinde, but of a moft pleafant fwcete fauour,in refped of any of the reft. * # The place. The common fingle Fcuerfewe groweth in hedges, gardens, and about olde walles. It ioyeth to growe among rtibbifh. There is oftentimes founde when it is digged vp a little coale vnder the firings of the roote,and neuer without it, wherof Car Jane in his booke of Subtilities fetteth downs diners vame and trifling things. ft The time. They flower for the meft part all the fommer long. ^ The names. Feuerfewe is called in Greeke ovDiofcoridcs wpShwjof Galen & Paulas one of his fie 61 ‘-ini Latine Parthenium , Matricaria^ and Fekrifuga.pl Fuchfius Mir te mi fa Tenmfolia: in Italian Mma- rella : in Dutch CCUPt ; in French EJfiargoute: in Englifh Fedderfewe, and Feuerfewe,ta¬ ken from his force of drilling awaie agues. ft The temperature. Feuerfewe doth manifeftly heate: it is hot in the thirde degree , and drie in the fecond 5 it pien- feth,purgeth,or fcourcth,openeth and fully performeth all that bitter things can do. Thevertues. It is a great remedie againft the difeafes of the matrix; it procurcth womens ficknes with fpeed; A itbringeth foorth the afterbirth,and the dead childe,whether it be drunke in the decodion, or boi¬ led in a bath and the woman fit ouer it; or the herbes lodden and applied to the priuie part, in man¬ ner of a cataplafineorpultis. * VioJconJ.es alfo teacheth,that it is profitable applied to Saint Anthonies fire, to all inflammati- B ons,andhot fivellings,ifit be laide vnto both flowers and leaues. The fame author aftirmeth,that the powder of Feuerfewe drunke with oximelI,or fyrupe of vine- C ger,or wine for wantofcheothers,dravveth away flegme and melancholy,and is good for them that are purfie,and haue their lungs fluffed with flegme; and is profitable likewifeto be drunke againft theftone,as the fame author (aith. Feuerfew dried and made into powder, and two drams of it taken with honieor fweete wine, D purgeth by fiege melancholie and flegme 5 wherefore it is very good for them that are giddic in the head, or which haue the turning called Vertigo , that is a fwimming and turning in the head. Alfo it is good for fuch as be melancholike,fad,penfiue,and without fpeech. The herbe is good againft the fuffocation of the mother, that is, the hardnes and flopping of the E fame,being boiled in wine,and applied to the place. Thedecodfion of the fame is good for women to fitouer,for theputpofes aforefaid. It is vied both in drinks,and bound to the wrefts with bay fait, and the powder of glnffe (lamped togither.as a moftfinguiar experiment againft the ague. ' of O ^ 528 THE SECOND.BOOKE OF THE Of Toley^or T*ellamountaine . Chap.z ei. •bThekindes, Of Pellamountaine there be diners forts,as (hall be declared in this prelent chapter. # The defeription. 1 Mp* He firft kindeof Pohumpi in Englifh Poley of the mountaine, is a little tender and fweete I fuelling herb,verie hoarie,wherupon it tooke his name:For it is not only hoarie in part,but his hoarie fiockinefte pcflefleth the whole plant, tufts and all, being no lefle hoarie then Gnaphdium , elpecially where it groweth neerethefea at the bending of hils, or neere thefandie fhores of the mediterranean fea: from his wooddie and fomewhatthreddie roote,fhooteth foorth ftraight from the earth a number of {mall round ftalkes nine inches long, and by certaine diftances from the ftalke proceed fomewhatlong leaues like Gnaphdium , which haue light nickes about the edges, that ftand one againft another, inclofing the ftalke: in the toppe of the ftalkes ftande Ipokie tufts of flowers, white of colour like Serpiltum. This plant is ftronger of fent or fauour then any of the reft following,which fent is fomewhat fharpe and affedfingthe note with his lweetenefte. 2 The tuftes of the fecondkind of Polium , are longer then the tufts or flowers of the laft before mentioned,and are ofayellowe colour,otherwife they are very like. 3 From the wooddie rootes of this thirde kinde of Polium, proceedca great number of fhootes like vnto the laft rehearfed,lying flat vpright vpon the grounde, whole {lender braunches take hold vponthe vpper part of the earth where they creepe. The flowers are like the other, but of a purple colour. 4 The laft; kinde o ^ Polium, and of all the reft the frnalleft, is of an indifferent good fmell, in all points like vnto the common Polmmbwt that it is fower times lefter. Polium r : HIS T OrRI,5 (OF PLANT S. 5 25 > k Theplac e. Thefe plants do growe naturally vpon the mountaines of Fraunce,ltalie, Spaine,and other hot regions. They are (dangers in England; notwithdanding I haue plants of that Poley with yellowc flowersjby the gift o iUObelitts. k The time. They flowerfrom theende ofMaie,to the beginning of Auguft. X 1 kThenamts. Poley mountaine is called in Grceke^W, of his hoarinefle, and in Latinealfo Poltum. Diners rufped that Poliumis Leucas^ind that Dzo/corides hath twiie intreated of that herbe, vnder diuers names; the kindes, the occafionofthe name, and like wife the faculties do agree. There be two of ch cLeucades, one«p w», thatis, of the mountaine; the other » ’{u&c, which is that with the broader leafe: it is called Lcucm of the whitifh colour ; and Potion of the hoarinefle,bicaufe it (eemeth like to a mans hoarie head ,for whatlbeuer waxeth hoarie,is faid to be white. k The temperature. Poley is of temperature dric in the thirde degree,and hot in the end of the fecond. k The verities. Diofcorides faith,it is a remedie for them that haue the dropfie,the yellowc iaunders, and that arc troubled with the (pleene. It prouoketh vrine,and is put into mithridate,treacle,and all counterpoifons. It profiteth much againd the bitings of venemous beads, and driueth away all venemous beads from the place where it is dro wed or burnt. The fame drtinke with vineger,is good for the difeafes of the milt and fpleene; it troubleth the domacke,and afflidteth the head,and prouoketh the loofenes of the bellie. Of Cjermander. Chap.ioz. \ / k The kindes. He olde writers haue let downe no certaine kindes of Germander,yet we haue thought it good and not without caufe,to entreat of mo forts then haue becneobferuedof all, deluding thole: vnder the title of Teucr turn from cham^dries: although they are both of one kind; but yet differing very notab lie. T Ll l l 53 ° THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Chamtdrys maior. Great Germander. 3 Chamadrys Utifolia. Broad leafed Germander. 2 Chamadrys minor. Small Germander. 4 chamadrysfyheflrU. Wilde Germander. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 53' ic The dejcripttort. T Hefirft (germander gtowethlowe, with very many braunches lying vpon the-groundc, tough , harde, andwooddie, fpreading it felfe hccre and there : whereupon are placed frnall leaues fnipt about the edges like the teeth of afawe, refembhngthe fnape of an >ken leafe.The flowers are of a purple colour, very Imall, landing clofe to the leaucs towards the op of the braunches. The feede is little and blacke, The roote (lender and full of ftriog^aeeping, md alwaics fpreading within the ground,whereby it greatly incrcafeth. >. The fcconde Germander rifeth vp with a little flraight flalke a (pan long, and fomcrimes len¬ der,woodie & hard like vnto a little fhrub: it is afterwards diuided into very many little (mall braun- :hes. Theleaues are indented and nicked about the edges, greater then the leaues of the creeping Germander: the flowers likewife flande neere tQ.the leaues, and oil the vpper parts of the fprigs, of :olour fometimes purple, and oftentimes tending to blewnefle: the roote is diuerfly difperfed with nany firings. . 0 ; Thethirde Germander hath many threddie rootes,from which rifeth vp a fliffe and tough ftalk, liuiding it felfe from the ground to the top into diuers braunches,one fet oppofite againfl another $ vherupon arc placed by couples broad leaues, fnipt or toothed about the edges. The flowers grow unong the leaues of a bright red colour,in fhape like thofe of red Archangcil,but lefTer. |. Wilde Germander hath little flalkes, weake and feeble, edged or cornered, fomewhat hairie, tnd fet as it were withiointsof a cubitelong : about the which by certaine diftances there come 'oorth leaues fomethingbroad, nicked in the edges, and fomewhat greater than the leaues of crec- )ing Germander, and fofter. The flowers be of a gallant blew colour, made of fower (mail leaucs ipeece, (landing orderly on the tops of the tender (priggie fprajes; after which come in place lictle luskes or (cede vefTels.The roote is fmall a nd threddie. & 7 he place, Thele plants do growe in rockie and rough grounds, and in gardens they do eafily profper. The wildc Germander groweth in many places about London in medowes andfertillfieldes,and n cucrie place wherefoeuer I hauc trauelled in England. it 7 he time. They flower and flourifh from the ende ofMaie,to the later end of Augufl. it The names. Garden Germander is called in Greeke Cham&drys: of (bme Trijfigo, and Trixago, and {[Vemfe Quercula minor j notwithflandingmoflof thele names do more properly belong to m , or water Germander fin Italian Querciuola .-in Englifh Germander, orEnglifh Treacle: in French Germxndre. Before creeping Germander was knowne,this wilde kind bare the name of Ger¬ mander among the apothecarieswas vied for the right Germander in the compofitions ofmedi- cines: but after the former were brought to light, this began to be named Sylue dirts , and Spurt a Chamadrys, that is wilde and baftard Germandenof (ome Teticriumpaluflre , and without errour 5 bi- caufe all the (brts of plants comprehended vnder the title of Tcucrium, are doubtleffe kindes of Germander. Offome it hath beene thought to be the plant that Diojcoridesc ailed nicra- jthatistofaic, thcHolieherbe, iffobe that the Holie herbe, and Verbenacd , orVeruaine, which is called in Grceke^e^fsaV, be fundrieherbes. Diofcortdes makeththem fundrie heibes, de- feribing them apart, the one after the other: but other authors as Paultts <^ 4 etius , and Ortbajius , make no mention of HerbaSacra, the Hoiie herbe 5 but onely of Pert Her eon ,-and this fame is founde to be likewife called Hierabotane , or the Holie herbe; and therefore it is euident that it is one, and the felfe fame plantjCailed by diners names: the which things confidcrcd, if theyfaiefo, andfaie truely, this wilde Germander can not be Flier*bot wear, all, as diuers haue written and faide it is a kinde of Veruaine,whereunto it hath beene referred. it 7 he temperature. Garden Germander is of thinne parts,and hath a cutting facultie: itis hot and dric almofl in the thirde degree,euen as Galen doth write of Teucrium y or wilde Germander. The wilde Germander is likewife hot and drie, and is not altogither without force or power to open and clenfe: it may be counted among the number of them that do open the liuer and fplecne. it Thevertnes. Germander boiled iii water and drunke,deliuereth the bodie from all obftru&ions or (loppings, A L1 2 diuideth 53 *2. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE diuideth and cutteth tough and clammie humours: being receiued as aforefaide, is good for them that haue the cough,and fhortnefle of breath,the ftranguric or flopping ofvrine,and helpeth thofe which are entring into a dropfie. „ . B The leaues flamped with hony and ftraincd, and a drop at fundrie times putinto the eies, taketh ‘ away the web,and hawe in the fame 3 or any dimnefle of fight. ' C It prouoketh mightely the termes 3 being boiled in wine, and the decodion drunkc with a fo¬ mentation dr bath made alfo thereo£,and the fecret parts bathed therewith* Of Tree Cjermander • Chap, zo^. 1 Tetter turn ktifolium. a TeucriumTAHttonicum, Tree Germander with broade leaues 0 Hungaric Germander. The dejer tion. 1 >—i”* He firft kinde ofTree Germander rifeth vp with a little ftraight ftalke a cubite high, wood- I die and harde like vnto afinallwooddiefhrubbe. The ftalke diuideth it fclfe from the bottome to the top into diners braunches, wheron are fet indented leaues nickt about the edges,in fhape not vnlike the oken leafe. The flowers growe among the leaues of a purple colour. The too e is wooddie,as is all the reft of the plant. 2 The Tree Germander of Hungarie hath many tough, threddie roots,from which rife vp diuers weake and feeble ftalkes, reeling this waie and that waic j whereupon are fet togither by couples long leaues lagged in the edges , not vnlike thofe of thevpright Fluellen: on the toppesof the ftalkes ftande the flowers fpike fafhion thicke thruft togither, of a purple colour tendingtoblewc- nefle. 3 Tmr 'tnm 533 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 Tetter hen Edeticum. Tree Germander of Boetia. 4 Tencrium Alpimtm Ctfiijlore . Tree Germander with Sage rofe flower. k The defeription. 3 This Germander of Boetia rileth vp oftentimes to the height of a man, in manerof a hedge buflhjWith one ftitfe ftalke,ofthe bignefle of a mans little finger, couered ouer with a whitifh barke, deuidedfomtimes into other braunches which are ahvaies placed by couples, one right againft ati other,ofanouerwornehoarie colour, and vpon them arc placed leaues not much vnlike the com¬ mon Germander. The vpper parts whereof areof agrayifh hoare colour, & the lower of adeepe greene ^ofabitter tafte,and lomewhat crooked, turning and winding tbemfelues after the manner of a welt. The flowers come foorth from die bolome of the leaues, Handing vpon fmall tender ioot- ftalkesofawhitc colour, relemblingthefhapeof a little helmet, hauing in the middle that ftand- eth foorth many threddie ftrings.The whole plant keepeth greene all the winter long. 4 Among the reft of the Tree Germanders, this is not of leftbeautie and account, hauing many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the ground, of a darke reddifh colour, hard and wooddie; at the bottome of which ftalkes come foorth many long, broad,iagged leaues, not vnhke the prece¬ dent,hoarie vnderneath,and greene aboue, of a binding and drying tafte. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes, not vnlike to thofe of Cifhufcemina, or Sage role, white of colour, confiding of eight or nine leaues 5 in the middle whereof do growe many threddie chines, without finell or fa~ uour: which being paft 5 there fucceedeth a tuft of threddie or flockie matter, not vnlike to thofe of the great Auens,or PnlfitilU. The roote is wooddie, and fet with foine few hairie rootes faftened to the fame. At The place. Thefe plants do ioy in ftonie and rough mountaines and drie places , andfuch as lie open to thefunne and aire, andprofper well in gardens. And of the fecond fort delcribed, Ihauerecei- ued of Mafter Garret Apothecarie one plant for my garden. k The time. They flovver,Flourifli,and feede when the other Germanders do. Z / 3 i fit 534 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE The names. Tree Germander is called in Greekc ^uaiJ'pvf, retaining the name of the former chamadrys^ and r^iipiov ,according to the authoritic of Diofcortdes and Pl'tme : in Latine Teucrium : in Englifh great Germander,vpright Germander,and Tree Germander, •fy The temperature and vertues. Their temperature and facultiesare referred vnto the garden Germander, but they are not of fuch force and working 3 vvherefore they be not much vfed in phifickc. Of JViter (jermander^or (jar lie ke (jermander. Chap . z 04.. 1 Scordiummaim. Great Garlicke Germander. 2 Scordium minus. Small Garlicke Germander. SSTA? The description. 1 O Cordium or water Gcrinander,hath (ouare hairie ftalkcs, creeping by the ground 3 befet with (oft whitifh crumpled leaues, nickt-and fnipt roundabout the edges like a fawe : among which growe foal! purple dowers 3 like the flowers of dead Mettle. The roote is (mall and threddie, creeping in the ground verydeepely. The whole plant being bruifed fmellcth IikeGar- kcke.whereofk tooke that name Scordium. 2 Thiskindeof Germander of Ponies defeription, hath great broad leaueslike vnto the great water Germander, but much (mailer, fet vpon (lender ftems, at the top whereof groweth foorth a ftalke, branching it (elfe intofundrie other twigs, garnifhed with fmallpendulous flowers like vnto Sage.The roote is threddie and fpreading. This plant being bruifed doth fmell like Garlicke, as the other kinde doth,but is notfo common. ik The place. Water Germander groweth neere to Oxenford, byRuleyon both fides of the water, and in a medowe by Abington called Niecford, by the relation of a learned Gentleman of S. lohns in the n ' faid HIST ORIE OF PLANTS. 535 {aid towne ofOxenford,a diligent <?thoCoTuriv my very good friend,called Mafter Richard Slater. AKo it groweth in great plentie in the yle of Elie,and in a medow by Harwood in Lancalhire,and diuers otherplaces. .■ - .vn_ . ft The time. The flowers appeere in Iunc and Iulie : it is belt to gather the herbe in Auguftj itperifhethin winter 3 it commeth vp againein Ibrnmer: the roote remaincth frefh all the yeere. . 1 :: »: v ft Th:names. The Grecians call it SjwpJW. the Latines keepe that name Scordium : the Apothecaries haue no other name. It is called of forne Tfipcago PaluBris, Quercula , and alfo Mithridatium of Mithridatet the finder of it out. It tooke the name of Scordium from thelinell of Garlicke, which the Grecians call m'o&<tov and M<mry.ov, of theranknes of the fmell: in high Dutch ISTflff.CC hflttntEg X in French Scordion: in Italian chalamandrtna pa lust re : in Englilh Scordium, Water Gcrmander 3 & Garlicke Germander. ' : j ft The temperature. Water Germander is hot anddrie : it hath a certaine bitter tafte, harfh andfharpe 3 as Galen witnefieth. ft T he verities. Water Germander cienleth the intrals,andlikewile olde vlcers, being mixed with honie accor- A ding to art: it prouokefh vrine, andbringeth downethe monethly fickncs: itdraweth out of the theft thicke flegme and rotten matter. It is good for an olde cough 3 paine in the fides, which com¬ meth of flopping and cold.and for burftings and inward ruptures. The decoction made in wine and drunke 3 is good againft the Sitings oflerpents, and deadly poi- B dons rand is vfed in Antidotes or counterpoifon.s with good fuccefle. It is reported to mitigate the paine of the gowt 3 being flamped and applied with a little vincger C and water. Some affirme 3 that rawe flelh being laid among the leaues of Scordium 3 may be prcfcrued a long D time from corruption. Being drunke with wine,it opcneth the ftoppings of the liuer 3 the milt 3 kidneies 3 bladder 3 & ma- E trix 3 prouoketh vrine 3 helpeth the ftrangurie,that is 3 when a man cannot pifle but by drops 3 and is a moft Angular cordiall 3 to comfort and make merrie the hart. The powder of Scordion taken in the quantitie of two drams in meade or honied water 3 cureth F and ftoppeth the bloodie flixe 3 and comforteth the ftomacke. Of this Scordium is made a moft An¬ gular medicine ^cdiledDia/cordium, which ferueth very notably for all the purpofes aforefaid. The lame medicine made of Scordium is giuen with good fuccefle vnto children and aged peo- G ple 3 that haue the fmallpockes, meafles 3 or the purples, or any other peftilent fickncs wfiatloeuer 3 euen the plague it felfe 3 giuen before the ficknes haue vniuerfally poflefled the whole bodie. Of Wood Sage,or (jarlicke Sage . Chap.105* ft The dejeription , • ' t ? r : • 1 ■ T Hat which is called wilde Sage 3 hath ftalkes fower fquare, fomewhtt hairie, about which are leaues like thole of Sage, but fhorter,broader, and lofter: the flowers growe vp all vpon one fide of the ftalke (which the grauer hath omitted in the picture) open and forked, as thole of dead Nettle,but lefler, of a pale white colour: then growe the feedes fower togither in one huske. The roote is full of fixings : It is a plant that liueth but a yeere, it Imelieth of garlicke when it is bruiled, being akinde of Garlicke Germander, as appeerethbythe fmell of Garlicke wherewith it is poflefled. LI 4 S coro don't a 536 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE . / • • - - ■ ' • * • • r ■ • _ ■; ’r Score doniafme Salma agreBis. Wood Sage,or Garlickc Sage. * TIt place. Itgroweth vponheathes and barren places: ic is alfo fonndin woods, and neere vnto hedge- rowes, and about the borders of fieldes 5 it fome- what dclighteth in a leane foile, and yet not alto- gither barren and drie. ❖ The time. It flowreth and feedeth in Iune 3 Iulie, and Au- guft,and it is then to be gathered and laid vp. & The names. It is called of the later Herbarifts Saluiaagre - Jits: of diners alfo Ambrofa, but true Ambrofa, which is oke of Cappadocia differeth from this : Valerius Cordus narneth it Scordonia } or Scorodo - nia, an d Scordium alterum. Ruellim faith it is cal- .led Bofcifalnia 3 or Saluia Bojci : in high Dutch CCItUDt faltep X in Englifh Wilde Sage 3 Wood Sage 3 and Garlicke Sage. It feemeth to be Theophrafim his spha¬ celus 3 which is alio taken for the fmall Sage , but not rightly. •& The temperature. Wilde Sage is of temperature hot and drie, yet leffe than common Sage 5 therefore it is hot and drie in theiecond degree. it The vertues. A It is commended againftburftings, drie beatings, and againft wounds: the decodion thereofis giuen to them that fall and arc inwardly bruifed.lt alfo prouoketh vrine. B Some likewife giue the decodion hereof to drinke with good fucceffe to them that are infeded with the French poxe: for it caufeth fweate,drieth vp vlcers, digefteth humors, wafteth away and confumeth fwellings,ifitbe taken thirtie orfortie daies togither,or putinto the decodion of 6ttia~ sum infleed of Bpithmum 3 and other adiutoncs belongingto the faid decodion. Qhap.zo 6 . ^ The defeription. 1 T’’'* Vphrafia or Eiebright 3 is a fmall lowe herbe,not aboue two handfuls high, full of branches, I* couered with littleblackifhleaues 3 dentedorfniptabouttheedgeslikeafawe:the flowers are final and white,fprinkled and poudered on the inner fide 3 with yellow & purplefpcckes mixed therewith. The roote is fmall and hairie. 2 There is another kinde that hath fmall threddie and fibrous roots like vnto the firff/rom which fpring vp flender ftalkes nine inches long 3 diuiding themfelues into many collate rail braunches, be- fet with little leaues 3 long, and narrowe, bluntly indented about the edges 3 andfharpeat thepoint, the moft of them bending or hanging backward,or downward. The flowers be of a blew colour. 1 Euphrafa hi s tor ie l Euphr*/ii. Eiebright. OF PLANTS, -i 537 2 Euphrajia sarnie a Taber. Mom. Blevvc Eiebright. He The place. Thefe plants growe in dric medowes 3 in greene and graflie waies 3 and paftures landing againft the funne. He The time. Eiebright beginneth to flower in Auguft 3 and continueth vnto September 3 and muft be ga¬ thered while he flowreth for phifteks vie. He The names. It is commonly called Euphrajia,-md alfo Euphrofyne : notwithftanding there is another Enphro - fyne, and that is Buglofle : it is named of lome Ocu/arispnd Ophthalmicapj the etfed: in high Dutch 3 u$en ttfllf: in Iqw Dutch C^Oflljen tVOOH X in Italian 3 Spaniih 3 and French, £*/?*/&, after the La- tine name: in Englifh Eiebright. He The nature. Thefe herbes are hot and drie 3 but yet more drie then hot. He The vertues. It is very much commended for the eies 3 being tj^en it felfe alone, or any waie elfe 3 it preferueth A thefight,increa r ethit 3 and being feeble and loft it reftoreth rhefame. Itisgiuen moft fitly being beaten into powder: oftentimes a like quantitie of Fenell feed is added thereto, and a little mace, to the which is put fo much fugar as the waight of them all commeth to. Eiebrighcftamped and laid vpon the eies 3 or the iuice thereof mixed with white wine and drop- B ped into the eies, or the deftilled water; taketh awaie the darknefte and dimnefle of the eies and clecreth the fight, - / Three parts ofthe powder of Eiebright, and one part of maces mixed therewith,taketh away all C hurts from the eies, comforteth the memorie, and cleereth the fight if halfe a fpoonefull be taken cuery morning falling with a cup of white wine. 538 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i anerome , Cbap.zoy, JflghckiH • & The description. ' T-: 1 ^ Weete Marierome is a Iowe and fhrubbie plant,of a whitifli colour and maruellous fweete fmell,afoote or fomewhat more high. The ftalkes are (lender, and parted into diners braun- ches: about which,growe foorth little Ieaues,foft, an.d hoarie. The flowers grow at the top infcalieorchaffiefpikedeares,of a white colour like vnto thofeof Candie Qrganie. The roote is compact of many fmall threds. The whole plant and euery part thereof is of amoftplcafanttafte, and aromaticali finell ,and perifheth at the flrft approch ofwinter. 2 Pot Marierome or winter Marierome,hath many threddie tough rootes,from which rife im¬ mediately diners fmallbraunches,whereon areplaced fuchleaucs as the precedent,butnot fbhoa¬ rie, nor yet fb fweete of fmell, bearing at the top of the braunches tufts of white flowers tending to purple. The whole plant is oflong continuance,and keepeth greene all the winter , whereupon our Englifh women haue called it 3 and that very properIy 3 win ter Marierome. g Marierom gentle hath many branches nfing from a threddie root, wherupon do grow foft and fweete fmellingleaues 3 of anouerworne ruftet colour. The flowers ftand at the top of the ftalkes, compact of diners fmall chaffie fcales ,of a white colour tending to a blufh. The whole plant is altogither like the great fweete Marierome,failing that it is akogither lefler 3 and far fweeter 3 wherin eipecially confifteth the difference. 4 Epimaioram is likewife a kinde of fine Marierome, differing not from the Jaft deferibed, failing in that, that this plant hath in hisnaturall countrieof Candia, and not elfewhcre fbme laces, ° r threds faftened vnto his branches, fuch and after the fame manner as thole are, and do grow vpon Sauorie,wherein is the difference. 3 Maioram HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 5 JP 3 Alaiora?ia tenuifolia. 4 Epimaierana. Marierome gentle. Laced Marierome. The place. Thefe plants do growe in Spaine, Italie, Candia, and other Hands thereabout, wi!de,and in the fieldsjfrom whence we hauc the feedes for the gardens of our cold countries. & The time. Thev arc fowen in May, and bring foorth their fcalie, or ebadie huskes or eares in h ugud. They arc to be watered in the middle of the day,when the funne fhinerh hotted, euen as Bafill fhould be, and not in theeueningnor morning 3 as mod plants are. & 7 he names. Marierome is called in Latine Maiorana, and Ama^acas^ and alfo Sampfychum of others: in high Dutch ? in Spanifh CMayorana, Moradux , and ^Almoradux : in French Mariolaine: in EnglifhSweete Marierome, Fine Marierome, and Marierome gentle 5 of the bed fort Maiorane. The pot Marierome is alio called Winter Marierome. Thecauleof the name of this mod fvveete and plcafant herbe is not determined,except it came through the faining of the Poets, who report thatthofeof Cypres fawning vpos their king Ctnara^ imagining topleafe his humor, faid that his fonne in time of his youth,caried a boxe full or'fragrant ointment, ouer the fieldes of mod pleafant herbes,which by mifchancehefpilt vpon the faid herbes,which being moiftened therewith,yeelde vnto this day that excellent fauour, wherein we dofo much delight. This boy mourning for the lode of bis ointment, the gods (as the poets faine) in condderation of his parentage and excellent perfection,did change and transforms the boy into that herbe, which is called Amaraem^ after his owne name. Some haue made a doubt whether Maiorana and Sampfychum be all one 5 which doubt, as I take it r is bicaufe that Galen rnaketh a difference between them, intreating of them apart, and attributed! to either of them their operations. But ^Arnaracm Galtni, is Paythenntm , or Feuerfew. Dtofccr/dcs likewise vvitnefleth, that fome do call ^maracu *, Parthemum ; and Galen in his bookc of the faculties of fimpie medicines, doth in no place, make mention of p art'henmm^ but* by the name of K^Amaracui. Flime'm his 2 i.booke, chapter 2.witnedeth, that Diodes the phidtion, and y 54 ® THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE they of Sicily did call that ’^Amaracus , which the Aegyptians and the Syrians did call Sampjyehum . Virgil in the firft of his Aeneidos fheweth , that the fhrub ^Amaracus beareth flowers, writing thus, 1 * Vbi mollis Amaracus ilium Jr lor thus dulci afpirans complect itur vmbra. Where beds of Time,and Marierome fo foft. And Iuftie flowers in greene wood fhade,him breathes in comforts oft. Likewife Catullus in Epithalamioyn mariage long of Julia and lMaIHus faith, Cinge temporafloribus Suaue olentis Amur act. Compas the temples of the head with flowres. Of Amarac affoording fweete fauours. Notwithftandingitmaynot feemeftrange, thatMaiorane is vied in fteede of Sampfychum , feeing that in Galen s time alfo, Marum was in the mixture of the ointment called Amarac inum vnguentum, in the place of Sampfychum y as he himfelfe vvitneffeth in his firft bookeofcounterpoifons. The temperature. They are hot and drie in the fecond degree,after fomc copies,hot and dric in the third degree. & Thevertues. Swecte Marierome is aremedie againft cold difeafesof the braine and head, being taken any way to your beft liking; put vp into the nofthrils itprouoketh fneefing, and draweth foorth much baggage flegme: it eafeth the toothach being chawed in the mouth, being drunke it prouoketh vrine,and draweth away waterifh humors,and is vfed in medicines againft poifon. g The Ieaues boiled in water and the deco&ion drunke , helpeth them that are entering into the dropfte: it eafeth them that are troubled with difficultie of making water, and fuch as are giuen to ouermuch fighing,and eafeth the paines of thebeilie. q The Ieaues dried and mingled with honie,and giuen, diflolueth congealed or clotted blood,and putteth away blacke and blew markes after ftripes and brufes^being applied thereto. jy The Ieaues are excellent good to be put into all odoriferous ointments,waters,powders,brorhs, andmeates. £ The dried Ieaues powdered,and finely fearced,are good to be put into Cerotes,or Ceredothes, and ointments,profitably againft colde fwellings,and members out ofioint. p There is an excellent oile to be drawen foorth of thefe herbes, good againft the fhrinking of finewes,crampes,conuulfions, and all aches proceeding of a cold caufe. OfmUe al%farierome . Chap . z o 8. The defeription. 1 TfJ Aftard Marierome groweth ftraightvpwith little round ftalkesofareddifh colour, full of ij branches,a foote high and fometimes higher. The Ieaues be broad, more long than round, of a whitifh greene colour: on the top of the branches ftand long fpikie fealed eares, out of which fhoote foorth little white flowers,like the flowring of wheate. The whole plant is of a fweete fmell,and fharpe biting tafte. , 2 The white Organie, or baftard Marierome with white flowers, differeth little from the prece¬ dent, but in colour and ftature. Thisplanthath whiter and broader Ieaues, and alfo much higher, wherei n confifteth the difference. I Origanum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Origanum Heracleoticwn. Baftard Marierome. *». jkdM 2 Origanum album. White baftard Marierome. 54 £ 3 Origanum Creticurn. Wilde Marierome ofCandie. 4 Origanum '^fnglicum. Englifh wilde Marierome. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 54! ■}; The defeription^ A - s 3 Baftard Marierome of Candle hath many threddic roots, from which rife vp diners weake and feeble braunches trailing vpon the grounde 3 fet with faire greeneleaues, notvnlike thofe ofpen- nie roiall, but broader and fhorter: at the top of thofe braunches ftande fcalic or chaffie eares of a purple colour. The whole plant is of a moftpleafing fweete fmell. Therootc endured in my garden and the leaues alfo gteene all this winter long, 1557. although it hath been faidc that it doth perifh at the firft froft, as fweete Marierome doth. 4 Englifh wildc Marierome is exceedingly well knowne to all,to haue Iong,ftiffe,and hard ftalkes of two cubits high,fet witlvleaues like thofe of fweete Marierome, but broader and greater,ofa rut fet greene colour: on the top of the braunches ftailde tufts of purple flowers, compofed of rrtanic final! ones,fet togithcrverieclofely vmbellfafhion. The roote creepcth in the ground and is long laPcing. Theplace. Thefe plants do growe wildc in the kingdomes of Spainc, Italie,and other of thofe hot regions. The laft of the fower doth growe wilde in the borders of fieldes and lowc copies, in mofl places of England. - ^ & The time. They flower and flourifh in the fommer months,aftcrward the feede is perfeded. it The names. Baflarde Marierome is called in Greeke :«^«m,&that which is furnamed Heracleoticum, Izlyms n^.KKsumti-.oi 'diners it is called Cunila, in fhoppes Origanum Hifpanicum , Spanifh Organic :our En¬ glifh wilde Marierome is called in Greeke of Diofcondes, Galen> and Plmie ovivs, Onitis , offome Agrioriganum , or SylueHre Origanum: in Italian Qrtgano: in Spanifh Oregano :in French Mario- iame baflarde: in Englifh Organie, baftarde Marierome : and that of ours wilde Marierome, and groue Marierome, it The temperature. All the Organics do cut^ttcnuatc, or makethinne,drie and hcate,and chat in the thirde degree: and Galen tcachcrh that wilde Marierome is more forceabie and of greater flrength; notwithftan- ding Organic ol Candie which is brought drie out of Spaine(whereof I haue a plant in my garden) is more biting then any of the rcft,and of greateft heate. QThevcrtues. * A Organie giuen in wine is a remedie againft the bitings and hangings of venemous beafts,and cu« reth them that haue drunke Opium, or the iuice ofblacke Poppie,or Hemlockes,efpecially if it be gi¬ uen with wine and rail'ons of the funne* B The decochon of Organic prouoketh vrinc, bringeth downe the monthly courfe, and is giuen with good fuccefte to thofe that haue the dropfie. C Iris profitably vfed in a loach,or a medicine to be licked againft an old cough,and the fluffing of the lungs. D It healeth fcabsEtchings,and fcuruinefle being vfedin bathes,and it taketh away the bad colour which commeth of the yelloweiaunders. E The weight of a dram taken with meade or honied water,dravveth foorth by ftoole blacke and fil¬ th ie humours,as Diofcorides and Plinie write. F The iuicc mixed with a little milke,being poured into the eares, mitigateth the painesThercof. G The fame mixed with the oile of ireospi the rootes of the white Florentine Flower-deluce, and drawen vppe into the nofthrils, dravveth downe water and flegme. Theherbeftrovved vponthe grounde driueth away ferpents. H The decodion loofeth the belly, and voideth choler, and drunke with vineger helpeth the infir¬ mities of the fpleene,and drunke in wine helpeth againft all mortall poifons 5 and for that caufe it is put into mithridates and treacles prepared for thatpurpofe. I Thefe plants are eafie to be takenin potions, and therefore to good purpofe they maybe vfed and miniftred vntofuch as cannot brooke their meate, and vnto fuch as haue a fower or fquamifh and waterie ftomackc,as alfo againft the fivouning or paffion ofthe harr. Of 543 HtSTORIE OF PLANTS. j'.\ ^ V* OfCjoates Marierome } or e. Ibap.ioy vih '; I Tragoriganum . Goates Marierome. 2 T ragoriganum Chip, Candie Goates Marierome. ft The defcrlption. 1 ♦np'He ftalkes of Goates Organie are {lender, hardc and wooddie jof a blackifh colour, 1 whereon are fet long lcaues,greater then thofe of the wilde Time, fweete of frriell, rough, andfomewhathairie. The flowers be final! and growe out of little crownes, orwharles, rounde about the top ofthe ftalkes,tending to a purple colour.The roote is final! andthreddie. 2 C<*r^C/« ; /f«fhathfetfoorthinhis SpanifhobferLiations another fort of Goates Marierome, growing vp like a ffnall fhrub. The leaues are longer and more hoarie then wilde Marierom, and al¬ io narrower, ofafharpefower tafte, but of a fweete fineil, though not verie pleafant. The flowers ft ande at the top of the ftalkes in fpokie rundles,of a white colour. The roote is thicke and woeddy. ft The place. Thele plants do growe wilde in Spainc,Italie,and other hot countries.The firft of thefe I founde growing in diners barren and chalkie fields and high waies neere vnto Sittingburne and Rochefter in Xent,and alfo neere vnto Cobham houfe,and Soiithfleete in the fame countie. The time. They flower in the month of Auguft: I remember faith Dodon&m that once I fawe Tragoriganum in the Lowe countries in the gardens of wjKo&mvvin that is, of thofe that apphe their whole ftudie to the knowledge of pIants,or as we may faic,in the gardens of cunning Herbarifts. c v ft the frames* Goates Organie is called in Greeke in Latine Iikewife Tragoriganum: in Englifh goates Organie,and goates Marierome. ft The temperature. 1 Goates Organie s are hot and dric in the thirde degree: they arc faith Galen of a binding quality. . ft The 54} THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it'the virtues. tragoriganumot Goates Marierome, is very good againft the wambling of the ftomackc, and the Tower belchings of the fitme,and ftaieth the defire to vomite,efpecalIy ktfea. Thefe baftarde kindes of'Organie or wilde Marieroms,haue the fame force and faculties that the other Organies haue for the difeafes mentioned in the fame chapter. Ofherbe Afaffic^e. Chap.zio. I Marum. Herbe Mafticke. 2 Marum Syrtacum. Aftyrian Mafticke. it The defeription. 1 *“T' H He Englifh and French Herbarifts at this daie do call this plant Mafticke or Maftiche, ta- I king this name Marum , of Maro king of Thrace; though fome rather fuppofe the name corruptlietobederiuedof this wordc Amarathum , the one plant being fo like the other that many learned haue taken them to be one, and the felfe fame plant; others haue taken Marum for Sampfuchtes, which doubtleffe is a kindc of Marierome. Some, as Dodonatts, haue called Marum by the name of clinopodium^ which is alfo another plant and not Mafticke. 2 If any bee defirous to fearcli for the true Marum , let them be allured that the plant laft mentioned is the fame: but if any do doubt of the fame, for nouelties fake, heere is prefented vnto your viewe a plant of the fame kinde (which cannot be reie&ed) for a fpeciall kinde thereof, which hath a moft pleafant lent or fmell, &in fhewe refembleth Marierome and Origanum , confifting of (mail twigs a foote and more long: the heads tufted like the common Marierome,but theleaues lefi ler and like c Myrtrn: the roote of a wooddie fubftance, with many firings hanging thereat* There is another kinde heereoffetfoorth by L'Obelius , which I haue not as yet feene, nor him- felfe hath well defcribed,which I leaue to a better confideration. it The place. Thefe plants are fet and fo wen in gardens of England,and there mainteined with great care and diligence from the iniurieof our cold climate. it the HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 545 & The time. They flower about Auguft,and fomewhat later in coldc lommcrs. i? lhe x ittimes. , Maftickc is called of the new writers Mtrum ; of Dio/corides Clinopodium. Diojeorides fheweth that Clinopodium is that is to fay,a little fhrub: of fomc it is called Cleonitum, and of the La- tines Letf/pes. & The nature. Thcfc plants arc hot and drie in the third degree. & The vert ties. Diofcorides writeth, thatthchcrbeisdrunkc, andlikewife the deco&ion thereof, againftthebi- A tings of venemous beaftsjerampes and conuulfions, burftings and the ftrangurie. The decodion boiled in wine till the third part bcconfumed,anddrunke>{loppeththelaske 3 in B them that haue an ague, and vntoothers in water.' O/Tennie roy alitor Tuddinggrajje. Chap.in* 1 Tulegimregitm . Pennic royall. 2 Pulegiummas. Vpright Pennie royall. & 7 hedefeription. i T'V Vlegium regiton vulgatumh lb exceedingly well knowne to all our Englifh nation, that it y* needeth no defcriptioi^being our common Pennie roiall. a The lecond being the m ale Pennie roiall is like vnto the former, in Icaues,flowers, and fmell 5 and differeth in that this male kinde groweth vpright ofhimlelfe withoutcrecping., much like in Ihewe vnto wilde Marierome. 3 The thirde kinde of Pennie roiall groweth like vnto Time, and is of a wooddie fubftance, fome¬ what like vnto the thinne leafed Hyhope,of thefauourof common Pennie royall. Mm I 3 Ptrfegmni 546 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ? Pttlegtwn anguHifolinm. Narrowe leafed Pennie royall. ftTheplace. The firft and common Pcnnie royal] 5 groweth naturallic wilde in moift and ouerflowen pTaces, as in the Common neere London called Miles endc, about the holes and pondes thereof in fundrie pla¬ ces , from whence poore women bring plen tie to fell in London markets, and it groweth in fundrie other commons neere London likewifc. The fccond groweth in my garden: the thirdc I haue not as yet lecne. ft The time . They flower from the beginning of lune to the _ ;$nd,eofAuguft. ft The names, Pennic royall is called in Grccke ytiypr, and of¬ tentimes : in Latine Ptdegitim , ami Pulefium regale , for difference fake betweene it and wilde Time,which of fbmc is called Pulegium montanwn: in Italian Pulegio: in Spanifh Poleo: in Dutch \tVX in JhcnchPouhot: inEngiifh Pcnnie royall. Pudding grafte,PuiialI royall,and of fomc Organic. > ft The nature. Pennie royall is hot and drie in the third degrec 3 and offubtile parts,as Galen faith. ftThevertues. _ fa Pennie royall boiled in wine and drunken, prouoketh the moncthly termcs, bringeth foorth the fccondine, the dead childe and vnnaturall birth: it prouoketh vrine, and brcaketh the flone efpcci- ally of the kidneis. 25 Pcnnie royall taken with honie, clenfeth the lungs, and clecreth the breafl from all groflc and thicke humours. q The fame taken with honie and Aloes, purgethby floolc melancholie humours ; hclpeth the crampe and drawing togither of finewes. j) The fame taken with water and vineger, affwagcth the inordinate defire to vomitc, & the paines of the ftomacke. £ If you haue when you are at the fea Pennie royall in great quantitie drie, and call into corrupt water,it helpcth it much,neither will it hurt them that drinke thereof. p A Garland of Pennie roiall made and worne about the head, is of great force againft the fwim- ming in the head,the paines and giddines thereof. r ~ q The deco&ion of Pennie royall is verie good againft vcntofitie,windii|?fs,or fuch like, & againft the hardnes and flopping of the mother being vfed in a bathe or flew for the woman to fit ouer. QfHaJill. Chap.in, ft The definition. 1 Arden Bafill is of two fortes, differing one from another in bignes. Thefirflhath broad, It thicke,andfatleaues, of a pleafantfweetefmell, andof which fome one here and there are of a blacke reddifh colour, fomewhat fhipt about the edges, not vnlike theleauesof French Mercurie. The ftaikc groweth to the height of halfc a clibite, diuiding it felfe into diuers branches, whereupon do ftande final] and bafo flowers fometimes whitifh, and often tending to a darke purple.The roote is threddie,and dieth at the approch ofwinter. 2 I he middle Bafillis very like vnto the former, but it is altogither lefler. The whole plant is of a mofl odoriferousfmell, not vnlike the fmdl of a Limon,or Citron, whereof it tooke his fur- name. 1 Ocirnrn i Ocimum magnum. Great Bafill. HlSTORlE OF PLANTS. 2 Ocimum medium citratum. Citron Bafill. & 3 Ocimum minus Gariophy [latum. Bufh Bafill. # The deferiptioti. 3 Bufh Bafill,or fine Bafill,is a low and bale plant, hauingathreddie roote, from which rifevp manie finall and tender ftalkes, branched into diuers armes or bonghes,whcrupon are placed many little Ieaues, Idler than thofe of Pennie royall. The whole plant is of a moft pleafing fweete frnell. *£ The place. Bafill is fowen in gardens, and in earthen pots. It commeth vp quickly, and loueth little moifture, ex¬ cept in the middle of the day , otherwife if it bee fowen in rainie weather, the leede willputrifie, and growe into a ieilie or flime,and come to nothing. ie The time. Bafill flowreth in Iune and luly, and that by little and little, whereby it is long a flowring, beginning firft at the top. # The names. Bafill is called in Greeke’omwi/, and a in the firft fyllable aV^^inLatine Ocimum. Itdilfereth from Ocymum which we haue called Cereale , as we hauefhewedinthe HiftorieofGraine. The latter Grecians haue called it ^A/y.oV: in fhops likewise Bafilicum , and Regium: \nSyam(i\All>ahaca m . in French Bafihc: in Englifii Bafill, Garden Bafill, thegreater Bafill royall, the lefier Bafill gentle, and Bulb Bafill:offbme Bafilicum Gariophydatum , e S\tm 2 * the 54 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The temperature. Bafill as Galen teacheth, is hot in the fecond degree, but it hath adioined with it afuperfluous moifture, by reafon whereof it is not like, that it fhould be taken inwardly ; but being applied out¬ wardly ,it is good to digeft or diftribute,and toconcod. i? The venues. A Diofcorides faith that if Bafill be much eaten, it dulleth the fight; itmollifieththe bellyjbreedeth winde; prouoketh vrine; drieth vp milke,and is of hard digeftion. B The iuice mixed with fine meale of parched Early, oile of Rofes and vineger, is good againft in¬ flammations,and the flinging of venemous beafts. C The iuice drunke in wine of chies ,or flrong Sacke,is good againft head ache. D The iuice clenleth away the dimnefie of the eies, and drieth vp the humour that fallethinto them. E The feed drunke is a remedie for melancholicke people; for thole that are fliort winded, & them that can hardly make water. F If the lame be liiift vp into the nofe, it caufeth often neefing: alio the herbe it felfe doth the fame. G There be that Ihunne Bafill and will not eatc thereof, bicaufc that if it be chewed and laid in the funne,it ingendreth wormes. H They of Africke do alfo affirme, that they who are flung of the Scorpion and haue cateaof it, {hall feele no paine at all. I The latter writers among whom Simeon Zethy is one, do teach,that the fmell of Bafill is good for the hart and for the head. That the feede cureth the infirmities of the hart, taketh away forrowful- nefle which commeth of melancholie,and maketh a man merrie and glad. Of vpilde 'Bafill. Chap.i 13. x Ocymmfyluejlre . 3 Acynos . Wilde Bafill. Stone Bafill. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 549 tfc The description. 1 nh He wilde Bafill or \Mcynos , called of Pena Clinopodium vulgare , hath (quare hairie Items, I befet with little Ieaues like vnto the fmall Bafill, but muchfmaller, and more hairie, and flowers ofa purple colour,fafhioned like vnto the garden Bafill. The roote is full of hairie threddes, and creepeth along the grounde, andfpringeth vpjyeercly anewe of it ielfe-without {owing. 2 This kinde ofwilde Bafill called among the Grecians dwv©-, which by interpretation is Sine fe- m/n^ov Sterilis , hath caufed lundrie opinions and great doubts concerning the words of Pltnie and Theophraftus , affirming that this herbe hath no flowers nor feeds,which opinions lam fure of mine owne knowledge to be without reafon: buttoomitcontrouerfies; this plant beareth purple flo¬ wers, wharled about fquare ftalkes, rough Ieaues and hairie,very like in fhape vnto Bafill. 3 Ocymoides re pens. Creeping-Cowe Bafill. vA ' # The defeription. 3 Creeping Ocymoides groweth not onely in the fhadowie and wooddie valleiesof Candie, about hedges, but cuen in the graiiie places andfhado- wie waie fides about riuers and flouds, and in the cliffes of rockes,withthinneflalkesiointed , cree¬ ping in the grounde, tender and crooked like the great Chickweede j out of which come two Ieaues light oppofite one againft the other: the flowers are in fiiape like vnto Fleawoort, and of the fame coIour,but much fmaller.Thc roote is thinnej and the vie thereof not found out. Serapio and others haue fet foorth another wilde Bafill vnder the title of Moloch ta 5 and L'Ohe - Lius after theminde of John Brandon^ calleth it Corcoros , which we figue Englifhed Fifn Bafill, the feedes whereof the (aide Brandon receiued fromSpaine, faying that Corcoros Pliny hath the Ieaues ofBafill. The (talks are two handfuls high, the flowers yellowe, growing clofe to the ftalkes, bearing his feede in finall bullets. The roote is compact and made of an innumerable companic of firings, creeping farre abroade like running 1 V & The place. •Cl The wilde kindes doe growe vpon graucliy grounds by water fides, and efpecially I found the tljTee laft in th,e barren plaine by an houfe in Kent, two miles from Dartforde called Saint Iones, tn^village called Sutton; and Clinopodium vulgar e groweth in great plentie vpon Long ficldedownes in Kent. : i.; : . \ . > ' •JcThetme. ’ , • Thefeherbes flower in Iune and Inly. Jonzi ’fcThehames. Vnprofitable Bafill, or wilde Bafill, is called of fome Clinopodium, Ocymoides is called in English creeping Cowe Bafill. ' : The nature* The feede of thefe herbes are ofcdfhplexion hot and drie.' ' ' . V : .' ' ft ihevertues* • . Wilde Bafill pounde with wineappeafeth thepaineof theeies, and theiuiccdoth mundifie the A lame,and putteth awaie all obfeuritie and dimnefTe, allcatarrhes and flowing humours that fall into the cies,being often dropped into the fame. The wilde Bafill howfoeuer it be taken floppeth the laske. B M m 3 Of $5? the second booke of the The defeript ion. 1 He fil'd kinde of OcymaJlrumjczMed of Dodon&m Valeriana rubra^ bringeth foorth long and I brittle ftalkes two cubits high,full of knots or ioints, in which place is ioined long Ieaues much like vnto great Bafill, but greater;;:ibroader 3 and larger, or rather like the Ieaues of Woade. At the toppe of the ftalkes do growe verie pleafant; and long redde flowers, ojfthefa- (hionof the flowers of Valerian, which hath canted Dbdotfato to call thefe plants redde Valerian 3 which being paft 3 the (cedes are caried away,with the winde beingfew in number,, and little in quan¬ tise, fo that without great diligence the feede is not to be gathered or preferued: for my.fejfe haue often indeuorued to fee it 3 and yet haue loft my labour. The roote is very thicke,and of an excellent. fiveete fauour. _ 2 The (econd is taken for Spwneumpapauer , in refpedt of that kinde of frothic ipattfe 3 ©r fpume, which we call Cuckow Ipittle, thatmoreaboundethin the bolomes of the Ieaues of thde plants, then in any other one plant that is knowne 5 for which caufe Pena calleth it Papauer fyumeum, that is frothy, orfpatlingPoppie; his flower doth ycrie little referable any kinde of Poppie, butoneiy theleedeandcod or bowle wherein thefeede is contained, otherwife it is like the other Oeyna- Jirtm 3 the flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes hanging downwards, ofavybitc colour, and is ta¬ ken generally for j Behenalbum: the roote is white, plainc, and long, and very tough and harde to breaks , , . ■ ?r ) 0 iw.or!' jaebfv £ 3 Ocymajlrum 551 HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 5 Ocymafirum multifiorurn. Double Spading poppie. •$: The description. 3 There is founde in Germanie another fortof Ocymafirum , or Valert ant hon (which Taber men- tan us hath let foorth) in leaues,{lalks, and rootes, like the precedent, onelyit hath double white flowers, dadit oner with a little blufh colour, which maketh the difference. it The place. The firfl groweth plentifully in my garden,be¬ ing a great ornament to the fame, and not com¬ mon in England. The fecond groweth almoft in et’.eiy pafture. # The time. Thefe plants do flower from Maie to the ende of Augufl. # The names. Red Valerian hath beene fo called of thelike- nefle of the flowers, and fpoked rundlcs with Va¬ lerian, by which name we had rather haue it cal¬ led, then railily to laic vpon it an vnproper name. There are fbme alfo who would haue it to be a kinde of Behen of the later Herbarifts, naming the fame Behen rubrum , for difference betweene it and the other Behen album , that of feme is cal¬ led Ocymafirum , and Papauer fiumeum , which I haue Englifhed Spading Poppie; and is in truth another plant, much differing from Behen of the Arabians: It is alfo called 'alertanthon, Sapona* ria altera^ St ruth item Aldroandt , and Condurdum: in Englifh red Valerian, and ted Cowe Bafill. Spading Poppie is called Behen album 7 Ocymafirum alteram ; offome PoUmonium , and Papauer Jfumeum: in Hnglifh Spatling Poppie, frothie Poppie, and white Ben. ' ifr The nature. Thefe plants are drie in the fecond degree. & The verities. Thcrooteof Behen album drunkeinwine j is good againfl the bloudie fluxe: and being pounde A leaues &flowers,andlaideTo,cureth the Hangings of fcorpions &fuch like venemous beads; info- much that whofo doth holdcthefameinhishande, canreceiue no damage or hurt by any venc- mous beaft whatfoeuer. The decodlion of the roote made in water and drunke, prouoketh vrine, it helpeth the ffrangu- B rie, and paines about the backe and huckle bone. Of zHAfints. Chap,u 5 . ie The kindes. Hp Here be diuers forts of Mintcs; fbme of the garden; others wilde, or of the fielde; and alfo fome of the water. ☆ T he defer ipt ion. 1 ’’"TT^He firfl tame or garden Mint, commeth vp with ftalks fower fquarc of an obfeure red colour fomwhathairie, which are couered vyith round leaues nicked in the edges like a fawe, of a deepe greene colour: the flowers are little and red, and grow about the {talks circlewife as thofe ofPennie roiail: the roote crccpcth aflope in the ground, hailing fome firings on it, and now and then in fundrie places it buddeth out a ftefh: 1 he whole herbe is of a pleafant finell, and it ra¬ ther lieth downe than ftandeth vp. 2 The fecond is like to the firfl in hairie flalkes fomethinground, in blackifh leaues, in creeping rootcs,and alfo in fmcll, but the flowers do not at all compafie the flalke about, but (land vp in the tops of the branches being orderly placed in little eares,or rather catkines or aglets. Mm 4 i Mentha 55* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE. I Mentha, fktma rubra. Red Garden Mints. Speare Mint. 2 Mentha cruciata. Croile Mint,or curled Mint. The description. 3 The leaues of Speare Mint arc long like thofe of the Willow tree, but whitcr 3 foftcr, and more hairie: the flowers are orderly placed in the tops of the ftalkcs, and in eares like thofe of the lecond. The roote heereofdoth alfo creepe no otherwile than doth that of the firft 3 vnto which it is like* There is another fort of Mint which hath long leaues like to the third in little flalkes,yet in leaues and in rootes lefier; but the flowers heereof (land not in the tops of the braunches,but compaflc the ftalkes about cirdewile as doe‘thofe of thefirft, which be ofa light purple colour. Likewife there be many other forts 3 whereofto write it were to fmallpurpole. ft The place. Moft vie to let Mints in gardens almoflcucrie where. ifr 7 he time. Mints do flower and flourifh infbmmcr, in win¬ ter the rootes onelyremaine: being once let they continue long, and remains fure and fall: in the ground. & The names. 1 Mint is called in Greeke and : th? fwcete finell (faith Plinie in his ip.boakcchap.8.) hath changed the name among the Grecians, when HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 553 when as otherwile it fhould be called Minthaf rom whence our old writers haue deriued the name: for*/* fignifieth fwe£t,and oruk fmell: The Apothecaries, Italians, and French men do keepc the Latine name Mentha', the Spaniardes do call it Terua buena, and. Ortelana : in high Dutch X in lowe Dutch Q^UHtC X in EnglifhMint. The firft Mint is called in high Dutch <DteniCHt X in low Dutch ^UVn ftepliglje X he that would tranflate it into Latine , muft call it Sacra nigricans , or the holy blackifh Mint: in Englilh brownc Mint, or red Mint. The fecond is called in high Dutch &taufj triemcnGtotlf? ttltUtt^and Erauf? halfam: that is to fay ^Mentha cruciata: in French Beaume crcjpu : in Englilh crofle Mint,or curled Mint. The third is called of diuers Mentha Sarraccnica } Mentha Romana^Saluia Rom an a pi herb a Sancln Marin: it is called in high Dutch Balfam ftaiuacn munt?*&ptt?er munt^pft* halfam X it may be called Mentha angujitfolia: that is to fay, Mint with the narrow leafe: and in Englifh Speare Mint, common Garden Mint,our Ladies Mint,Browne Mint, and Macrell Mint. The fourth is called in high Dutch (jWt^fetattG as though it were to be named Cardiaca , or Car - diaca Mentha: in Englifh Hart Woort, or Hart Mint. ft The temperature. Mint is hot and drie in the third degree. It is faith Galen fomzwh.2.1 bitter and harfh,and it is infe¬ rior to Calamint. The fmell of Mint faith Plinie doth fturre vp the mindc, and the tail a greedie defire to ineate. & The vertices. Mint is maruellous wholfome for the ftomacke, it ftaieth the hicket, parbraking, vomiting and A (cowring in the cholerikepalTion,ifit be taken with the iuicc of a fowre pomegranate. It ftoppeth the calling vp of blood,being giuen with water and vineger,as Galen teacheth. B And in broth, faith Plinie , it ftaieth the flowers, and is lingular good againft the whites, that C is to lay,that Mint which is delcribed in the firft place.For it is found by experience,that many haue had this kindc of fluxe ftaied by the continual! vie of this onely Mint: the fame being applied to the forehead,or to the temples,as Plinie teacheth,doth take away the headache. It is good againft watrjng eies,and all manner of breakings out in the head, and againft the iufir- D mities ofthe fundament: it is a Hire remedie for childrens fore heads. It is powred into the eares with honie water. It is taken inwardly againft Scolopenders, Beare B wormes,Sea fcorpions and lerpents. It is applied with fait to the bitings of mad dogs .It will not fuffer milke to cruddle in the ftomack, E (Plinie addeth to waxe lower.) Therefore it is put into milke that is drunke for feare that thole who have drunke thereof Ihould be ftrangled. It is thought,that by the lame vertue it is an enirnie to generation,by ouerthickening the feede. G Diofcorides teacheth,that being applied to the fecret part of a woman before the aft, it hindreth conception. Garden Mints taken in meate or drinkc warmeth and ftrengtheneth the ftomacke, and drieth vp H all fuperfluous humors gathered in the fame,and caufeth good digeftioti. Mints mingled with the meale ofparched barlie,confumeth tumors and hard Iwellings. I The water ofMints is of like operation in diuers medicines, it cureth the trenchings and griping K paines of the bellie and boweIs,it appeafeth headach,ftaieth yexing and vomiting. It is lingular againft the grauell and ftone in the kidneies,and againft the ftrangury, being boiled L in wine and drunke. They laic it to the flinging of walpes and bees with good fuccefle. M Of yfep,or (fat Mint. (fbap.i\6. ie Thedefcription. 1 AtMintorNcp growethhighjitbringethfoorth ftalkesaboue a cubitelong, cornered, ^ j chamfered, and full of branches: the leaues are broad, nicked in the edges likethofeof Bawme,or of Horehound,bur longer. The flowers are of a light yellow, and whitifh with- all,they partly compas about the vppermoft Iprigs,and partly in the very top,they are fet in manner like an eare,or catkin: the roote is diuerlly parted,and full of ftrings,and endureth a long time. The whole 514 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE whole hcrbe tcgither with the Issues and (hikes is foft,and couered with a white downe Idler than HorfeMint; it is of a (harpe unell, and pearfeth into the head : ithathahottafte with a certaine bitternefle. 2 There is alfo another kinde hereof, that hath a longer and narrower leafe, and not of fo white a colour: the (hikes hereof are fowerfquare; the flowers be more plentiful], ofa red light purple colour inclining to blew,fprinkled with little fine purple fpeckes: the fmel hereof is fcrongegbut the tafte is more biting. 2 Menta Cat tar: a altera. Great Cat Mint. # The pi They growe about the borders of gardens and fieldes,ncere to rough bankes, ditches, and com¬ mon waies: it is delighted with moifl: and waterie foiles; it is brought into gardens. *k The time. The Cat Mints flourifh by and by after the fpring: they flower in Inly and Auguft. •fy 1 he names. The latter herbavifts do call it TIerha Canaria , and HerhaCatti , bicaufe the cats are very much delighted herewith; for the (in ell thereof is fo pleafant vnto them, that they rub themielues vpon it, and wallow or tumble in it, and alfo feede on the branches and Jeaues very greedily. It is named of the Apothecaries Tpppeta : but Nepeta is properly called (as we haue laid) wilde Pennie royall: in high Dutch iftatjSn ♦ in lowe Dutch CslttC CCUtjt X ha Italian Gattaria, or Her ha Gatta ; in Spanifh Term Gatcra : in Engliih Cat Mint and Nep. i: The temperature. Nep is oftemperature hotanddrie,and hath the faculties of the Calamints. The vertues. A It is commended againfl olde paines of the head, ftomacke, and matrix, and thole difeafes that growe ofriegme, and rawe humors, and ofvvinde. Itis a prefent helpc for them that are burden in- • ' - ■' .' * ward!}', I Mentha Felinafeu Cattaria. Nep,or Cat Mint. HI S TOR IE OF PLANTS. 555 wardly, by meanes of Tome fall rcceiucd from an high place, and that are very much bruifcd, if the juice be giuen with wine or meade. It is vfed in bathes and decodions for women to{itouer,to bring do wne their ficknes, and to make them fruitful!. Of Horje Mint^or Water ^Tvlint, Qhap.z 17. 1 CMentha aquatic a. Water Mint. 2 Sifymbria Mentha. Sweete Water Mint. The defer2ption. 1 \ A 7 Ater Mint is a Vindc ofwilde Mint, it is like to the firft garden Mint,the Icaues thereof y y are round, the ftalkes cornered, both the leanes and ftalkes are of a darke red colour: therootes creepc far abroad, but euery part is greater, Sndthe herbe itfelfe isofa ftrongerlmell: the flowers in the tops of thebraunchesare gathered togither into a longfpikie eare,in drape like the red Mace,of a purple colour. 2 The lecond kind of water Mint in eche refpeeft is like the others, lauing that the lame hath a more odoriferous fauour,being lightly touched with the hand; otherwife being hardly touched,the faugur is ouer hot to fmeli vnto,and beareth his flowers in fundrie tufts toward the tobpe,of a light purple colour. ^ The place. They grovy iii moift andwaterie places, as in medows neer vnto ditches that haue water in them, andbyrkierg.; . , tfr The time. They floryer when the other Mints do,and reuiue in the fpring. ■ ■ ’■ • -r ie The names. It is called in Greek : in Latine Sijymbriumn nhigh Dutch Hof?vtUlut5>uol3»fCtiTlunfft in French Mentbejaunage : in Engliih Water Min t,Fifh Mint,Brooke Mint, and Horfe Mint. * The 556 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The temperature. Water Mint is hot and drie as is the garden Mint,but it is ofa flronger fmell and operation. V The verities, A It is commended to hauc the like vertues that the garden Mint hath: and alfo to be good againft the hinging of Bees and Wafpcs,ifthc place be rubbed therewith. B The fauour or fmell of the water Mint reioiceth the hart of man, for which caufc they flrowc it in chambers and places ofrecreation,pleafure,and repofe,and where feafls and banquets are made. C There is no vfeheereofinPhificke,whileft we may haue the garden Mint, which is fweeter, and more agreeing to the nature of man. Of mountable ^VCint^or Qalamint. Chap, 218. * The kinoes. There be three Calamints,as Diofcorides teacheth.The later writers hauc found more. I CaUmintha montana vulgaris. i Calamintha mont ana prajlantior. CalamintjOr tnountaine Mint. The more excellent Calamint. & Thedejcription. 1 Mr Ountaine Calamint is a Ioweherbe,feldomeaboue a foote high, parted into many bran- j %/| ches: the flalkes are fewer fquare, and haueioints as it were, out ofeuerie one whereof growe foorth leaues fomethingrounde,lefler then thofe of Bafill, couered with a \erie thinne hairic downe, as are alfo the flalkes,fomewhat whitifh, and of a fweete fmell: the toppes of the branches are gallantly deckt with flowers, fbmewhat of a purple colour,then groweth the feede which is blacker the rootes are full of firings,and continue. _ - 2 This mofl excellent kinde of Calamint hath vpright flalkes a cubite high, couered oner with a woollcy moflineSjbefet with rough leaues like a nettle,fbmewhat notched about the edges, among the leaues come foorth blewifh or fkie coloured flowersjtherooteis wooddie, and the whole plane is of a very good fmell. HIS TO RIE OF PLANTS. 557 There is another kinde ofCalamint which hath harde fquare (lalkes,couered in like manner as the other, with a certaine hoarie or fine cotton. The leaues be in fhape like Bafill,but that they are roughjand flowers growingonely by onefideofthe ftalke among the leaues, fometimes three or fower vpon a (lemme,of a blewifh colour. The roote is threddie. There is a kind of (linking Calamint,that hath alfo fquare (talks couered with foft cotton,and ah mod creeping by the grounde,hauing eucrmore two leaues (landing one againft another,final,and fof r not much vnlike the leaues of Penny roiall, failing that they are larger and whiter; the flowers growe about the (hikes like wharles or garIands,of a blewifh purple colour 5 the roote is (mall and threddie: the whole plant of a bad fmell. * The place. It delighteth to growe in mountaines,and in the fhadowie and grauelly Tides thereof: it is found in many places of Italy and Fraunce, and in other countries: it is brought into gardens where it profpereth maruellous well,and very eafily foweth it felfe.Ihaue founde thefe plants growing vpon the chalkie grounds and highwaies leading from Graues end vnto Canterburie, in mo(lplaces 3 or almofteuery where. it The time. It flourifheth in fommer,and almoft all the yeere thorowe: it bringeth foorth flowers and feede fromlune to Autumne. it The names. It is called in Greeke , as though yee (houlde fay ^Elegans ant vtilii Mentha , a gallant or profitable Mint: the Latines keepe the name Calamintha: ^Mpuleim alfo nameth itamifle 3 Men- tafoum, and confoundeth the names one with another: the apothecaries do call it Montana Cala- mintha , Calamentum , and (bmetime Calamentum montan urn- in French Calament : in Englifn Moun- taine Calamint. it The temperature. This Calamint which groweth in mountaines, isofaferuenttafte and biting, hotte, and of a thinne (iib(lance 3 and drie after a fort in the third degree,as Galen faith; it digefteth or walleth away thinne humours, it cutteth and maketh thicke humours thinne. it The vertues. Therefore being inwardly taken by it felfe,and aKo with meade, or honied water, it doth mani- A feftly heate,prouokcth fweate 3 and confumeth fuperfluous humours ofthe bodie, it taketh away the fhiuerings of agues that come by fits. The fame alfo fallct oyle performet’n, in which it is boiled 3 if the bodie bee annointed and B well rubbed and chafed therewith. The deco&ion thereof drunke prouoketh vrine, bringeth down the monthly (ickenes 3 and expel- C leth the childe, w'hich alfo it doth being but onely applied. , It helpeththofe that are brufed, fuchasare troubled with cramps and conuulflons, and that D cannot breath vnlefle they holde their neckes vpright(that haue the wheafing ofthe lungs faith Ga¬ len ) and it is a remedie faith Diofcorides for acholericke paflion, otherwife called the Felonie. 1 1 is good for them that haue the yellowe iaunders, for that it remooueth the (loppings of the E liuerand gall, and withall clenfeth .-being taken aforehande in wine, it keepeth a man from being poifoned : being inwardly taken, or outwardly applied, it cureth them that are bitten of forpents: being burned or (trowed it driueth ferpents awaie; it taketh awaie blacke and blewe fpots that come by blowes or diie beatings, making the skin faire and white, but for fuch things (faith Galen) it is better to be laide to greene then drie. Itkilleth all manner of wormes of the belly, if it be drunke with fait and honie: theiuice dropped F into the eares doth in like maner kill the wormes thereof. Vlinie faith,that if theiuicebe conueied vp into the nollhrils, itflancheth the bleeding at the G nofe,andthe roote ( which Dzofor ides w riteth tobegoodfor nothing) helpeth the fquincieifitbe gargarized,or the throate wafhed therewith 3 being vfed in Cute,and Myrtle feede withall. It is applied to thofe that haue the Sciatica, or ache in the huckle bone, for it dra weth the humor H from the very bottome, and bringeth a comfortable heate to the whole ioint; Panlus iMEgweta faith, that for the paine of the haunches or huckle bones,it is to be vfed in glifters. Being much eaten, it is good for them that haue the leprofie,fo that the patient drinke whaie af -1 tent, as Diofcorides witnelfeth. kMpulc'wa 558 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE K affinnethj if the leaues beoften eaten 3 they are a fure and certaine remedie againft the leprofie. L There is made of this an antidotepr compofition 3 which Galen in his fourth booke of the gouern- I mentofhealth 3 defcribethbythenameof DiacaUmmthos > that doth not onely notablie digeft or 1 wafte awaie 3 but alfo is maruellous good for yoong maidens that want their courfes 3 if their bodies be firft well purged/or in continuaunce of time it bringeth them downe verie gently without force. Of'Bawme. Chap.zip. & Thekindes. T Here be diuers herbes comprehended vnder this generall title or Bawme 3 taking their denomination of their natiue countries. Thedefcription. 1 /\ PMft rum = ot Meliffi-) is our common beft knowne Balmc, or Baume 3 hauingmany fquare ftalkes and blackifh leaues like to BalIote 3 or blacke Horehound 3 but larger, of a pleafaunt lmell 3 drawing neere in fmell and fauour vnto a Citron: the flowers are of a carnation co¬ lour $ the roote of a vvooddie fubftance. 2 The (econdekindeof Bawme was brought into my garden and others by his feedefrom the parts of Turkie 3 wherefore we haue called it Turkie Balme: it excelleth the reft of the kindes if you refpedt the fweece fauour and goodly beautie thereof, and deferueth a more liuely defcription then my rude pen can deliuer. This rare plant hath fundrie fmall, weake 3 and brittle fquare ftalkes and braunches, mounting to the height of acubiteand fomewhat more, befet with leaues like to Ger¬ mander 3 or Scorditm , indented or toothed very bluntly abou t the edges, but fornwhatlharpe poin¬ ted at the top. The flowers growe in fmall crowncts,of a purplifh-blewe colour. The roote is Imall and HISTORIH OF PLANTS. 559 and threddie, and diech at the firft approch of winter, andmuft be lowen aiievve in the beginning of Mate,in good and fertill ground. Fuehfm iettech foortha kinde of Balme hauing a fquareftalke, with leaues like vnto common Bawne, but larger and blacker , and of an euill iauour; the flowers white , and much greater then thole of the common Bawne: the roote hard and of a woodic fubftance There is akind of Balme called Herba ludtica , which L’Obelitts calleth T etrahit , that hath many weakc& tender fquare hairie branches; fome leaning backward, & others turning inward, diuiding thcmlelucs into fundrie other linall armes or twigges , which are belet with long rough leaues den¬ ted about 3 and fmaller than the leaues of Sage. And growing in another foileor climate, you fhall lee the leaues like to the okenleafe; in other places like (JMxrrubium creticum^ veriehoarie, which caufed Diofcorides to defcribe it with lb many fhapes, and alfo the flowers , which are fotnetimes blew and purple, and ofteritimes white: the roote is finall and crooked with fome hairieftrings fa- ftened thereto. All the whole plant dr avveth to the fauour of Balme,called Melijfa. & The deferiftion. 3 There be alfo two other plants comprehended vnder the kinds of Balme, the one very like vnto the other, although not knowne to many Herbarifts, and haue beene of fome called by the title of Cur due a ; the firft kinde tern calleth Car due a Melica , or Molucca Syriaca , fo called for that it was firft brought out of Syria: it groweth three cubits high,and yeeldeth many fhootes from a wooadie roote, full of many whitifh ftrings: the ftalkes be rounde, fomevvhat thicke , and of a reddifh colour, which are hollowe within, with certaine obfeure prints, or fmall furrowes along the ftalkes with cqiiallfpaces halfe kneed or knotted, and at euery fuch knee or iointftand two leaues one againft another, tufted like Melijpt, but more rough and deepely indented, yet not fo deepely as our common Cardiac a, called Motherwoort,nor fo fharpe pointed: about the knees there come foorth imall little prickles, with fixe or eight fmall open widebels, hauing many corners, thinne like parchment,and of the fame colour,fome what ft iffe and long; and at the top of the edge of the 5So THE SECOND EOOKE OF THE bell 3 it is cornered and pointed with fharp prickles; 5c out of the middle of this prickley bell 3 rifeth a {lower fomwhat purple tending to whitencfle 3 not vnlike our Lamiim ^or Cardiaca, which bringeth foortha cornered feede, the bottome flat and fmaller toward the top like a fteeple: the lauour of the plant draweth toward the fent of Lamiwn. 4 The other kinde of Meltc/t,othcrwifc called Molucca afpeyior 3 (whereof Pena writeth) differeth from the laft before mentioncd 3 in that the cups or bels wherein the flowers growe are more prickly then the firft 3 and much (harper, longer, and more in number: the ftalkcof this is fower Iquare, lightly hollowed or furrowed: the leede three corncrcd 3 fharpc vpwarde like a wedge ; the tunnels of the flowers brovvnifh 3 a ndnot fo white as the firft. - k The place. . rfj 0 fii: tfiesl risjlo wh o:> e»lil z&uj&I sr: Bawme is much fowen andfetin gardens 5 and oftentimes it groweth of it felfe in woods and mountaines 5 and other wilde places 5 it is profitable planted in gardens as Time writeth' in his a 1. booke 12.chap.about places where Bees are kept 3 bicaufe they are delighted with this herbe abouc others 3 whcreupon it hath beene called ^Apiattrum : for faith hc 3 when they arc ftraied away 3 they do finde their way home againc by it: as Fir gill writeth in his Georgicks: - Hu: tuiuffbs afperge liquor e$^ Trita Meliphylla , & Cerinthe ignobile gramen. Vie heere fuch helpe as husbandrie do vfually pre{cribe } Baulmc brufed in a mortar and bafe Honie woort befide. all the which I haue in my garden from yecrc to yecre. The time . Balme flowreth in Iunc 3 Iulie 3 and Auguft ; it withereth in the winter, but therooteremaincth, which in the beginning of the fpring bringeth foorth freflh Ieaues and ftalkcs. The other forts do like wife flower and fiourifh in Iune 3 Iuly 3 and Auguft 3 but they doperifh when they haue perfected their feede. k' 7 he names. Bawme is called inGreeke , of Pliny Melittu • in Latinc MeliffaApiaftrumfic Citrago a of fome Mehffop hyllon , and Mehphyllon: in Dutch Ccttfille Htgtgpn? in French Poucyrade on Mel/jje : in Italian Cedronella ^and ^Arantiata: in Spanifh Torongtl: in Englifh BaIme 3 or Bawme. k 7 he temperature. Balme is oftemperature hot and drie 3 as \Auicen faith in the feconde degree: Galenfoithiz is like Horchoundc in facultie. k The 'vertues. A Bawme drunke in wine,is good againft the bitings of venemous beafts; comforteth the hart, and driueth away all melancholie and fadnefle. B Common Balme is good for women which haue the ftrangling of the mother 3 cither being eaten or finelled vnto. C The iuice thereof gIuethtogithergrcenewoundes 3 being put into oile, vnguent or Balme, for that purpo(c,and maketh it of greater cflicacic. D The herbe ftamped and infufed in Aqua vita^ may be vfed vnto the purpofes aforefaidc (I meanc the liquor and not the herbe) and is a mod cordiall liquor againft all the difeafes aforefpoken of. £ The hiues ofBqes being rubbed with the Ieaues of Balme 3 caufeth the bees tokeepe togither 3 and caufeth others to come vnto them. F The later age together with the Arabians an d Mauritianes, affirm eth Balme to be Angular good forthehart,and to be aremedie againft the infirmities thereof; for t^Auicen in his booke written of the infirmities of the hart 3 teacheth that Bawm e maketh the hart merrie & ioifufand ftrengtheneth the vitall fpirits. G Ser&pio affirmeth it to be comfortable for a moift and colde ftomacke, to ftirre vp conco&ion, to open the flopping of the braine 3 and to driue awaie forrowe and care of rhe minde. H Diofcorides writeth that the Ieaues drunke with wine or applied outwardly, are good againft the ftingings of venemous beafts, and the bitings of maddc dogs; alfo it helpeth the toothach the mouth being wafhed with the deco<ftion 3 and is likewife good for thofe that cannot take breath vn« lefte they holdc their neckes vpright. I It helpeth (faith the fame author) the Ieaues being mixed with fait, the kings euill 3 or any other hard fwcllings and kernels 3 and mitigateth the paine of the g out. Smithes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 561 Smithes Bawme,or carpenters Bawme, is moft Angular to healevp green wounds that are cutK vith iron; it cure* the rupture in fhort time 5 it ftaiech the whites: Diofeoridesmd Pliny haue at- ributed like vertucsvnto this kind of Bawme, which they call Iron woort. Theleaues laie they be- > no- anolied clofevp wounds without any perill of inflammation: Plinie faith that it i s of to great /ertue,that though itbe but tied to his fworde that hath giuen the wounde,it ftancheth the bloode. Of Hore bound. Chap.no. # The kindcs. D Iofcorides and others of the auncient writers haue letdowne two forts onely of Horehoundes, the one white Horehounde, and the other blacke 5 notwithflandiiig the later writers haue cul- couered and founde out more forts,as well wilde as earners fhall be declared. I Marrubium album. White Horehound. 2 Ma r rub mm candidum. Snowe white Horehound. The defer iption. 1 T T Hite Horehound bringethfoorth very many ftalkesfower fauare, a cubite high,Colle¬ ys Y red oner with a thin whitifh downinefie; wherupon are placed by couples at certaine diftances, thicke whitifh Ieaues fomewhat round, wrinkled, and nicked on the edges, and couered oner with the like downinefie: from the bofomes of which Ieaues come foorth. fmall flowers,of a faint purplifn colour, (et round about the flalke in round wharles, whichturne into fharpeprickley huskes after the flowers be paft. The whole plant is of a firong fauour, butnotvn- pleafant.The roote is threddic. 2 The fecond kinde of Horehound hath fundrie crooked (lender fialkes, diuided into many flnall branches,couered oner with a white hoarinefie,or cottonie downe. The Ieaues are likewife hoarie .and cottonie,longer and narrower than the precedent, lightly indented about the edges,and fharp- | pointed like the Turkie Bawme, and of the fame bignefie, hauing fmall wharles of white flowers . N11 i and 5 6 % THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE and prickly rundlcs or (cede veflcls : about the ftalkcs be certaine dittoes. Theroote is likewife threddie. k tbe description. 3 Spanifh Horehoundhath a ftiffe,haaiie, and hairie ftalke, diuiding itfelfe at thebottome into two wings or armes ,and likewife toward the top with two others, whereupon are placed by couples atcertainefpaces, faire broad Ieiues, more round than any of the reft, and likewife inorewoollic and hairie. The flowers grovve at the top of the (hikes, fpike fafhion, compofed of fmall gaping flowers,of a purple colour. The whole plant hath the fauour of Stoechado c . 4 Candie Horehound hath a thick and hard roote, with many hairie threds fattened therto,from which rife vp immediately rough fquare (hikes, let confufedly with long leaues of a hoarie colour, of a mott pleafant ttrong imell. The flowers grovve toward the top of the ftalkes in chaffie rundles, of a*pale yellowifh colour. ft 'thepine. Thenrftof thefe Horehounds, being the common kinde, groweth plentifully in all places of England,neere vnto olde wals,h ; gh waies,bcaten pathes,in vntoiled places. The which groweth in all other countries likewife,where it altereth according to the fituation and nature of the conntrics: for commonly that which groweth in Candie, and in Hungarie, is much whiter, andofafweeter ttrtcll, and the leaues oftentimes narrower, and letter than that which groweth in England, and thefe northren regions. ft The time. They flower in Inly and Auguft,and that in the fecond yecrc after the fowing of them. ft the names. Horehound is called in Greeke ©essW: in Latine Marrubium : in (hops Prapstm^ and often Marruhium. There be certaine baftard names found in ex ivuleiue , as Meltttena , Ldheonia , and Vice - raria: in Italian Marrubio: in Spanifh Marruuro: in Dutch CgaJttUtS t in French Marnbrn: in Englifh Horehound. it the HIS TORI E OF PLANTS. 563 tsr Ti e temperature. Horehound, as teacheth, is hot in-the fecoad degree, anddrie in the third, and ofa bitter tadc. Thevertues. Common Horehound boiled in water and drunke, openeth the liner and fpleene, clenfcth the A breft and lungs,and preuaileth greatly againd an old cough, the paine of the fide, (pitting ofblood, :he ptilicke,and vicerations of the lungs. The lame boiled in wine and drunke, bringeth downe the termes, expelleth the lecondinc, after B SirthjOr dead childe,and alfo ealeth thofe that haue fore and hard labour in childbearing. Sirupc made of the grecnc trefh leaues and fugar, is a mod lingular remedie again!! the cough, C and wheeling of the lungs. The fame firupe doth woonderfully andaboue credit, ealefuchas haue lien Jonglicke of any D :onliimptionof the lungs, as hath bcene often prooued by the learned Philitions of our London Colledge. It is likewile good for them that haue drunke poilon, or that haue beene bitten of lerpents. The E eaues are applied with honieto clcnle fowle and filthie vlcers. Itdaiethandkeepeth backe the aearle or web in the eies. Theiuice prefled foorth of the leaues, and hardened inthe funne, is very good for the fame F :hings, elpecially ifit be mixed with a little wine and honie, and dropped into the eies ithelpeth :hcm,and cleereth the light. Being drawen vp into the nqflhrils,it clenfeth the yellowncs of the eies, and daieth the running G md watering of them. OfmUe Horehound\ Qbap, zzi. I Stachys . a Stachys Fuchjii, Wilde Horehound. Wilde dinking Horehound. 2 The 5 «4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The description, 1 \ K J Horehound is alio like to common Horehound: there rife from the roote heer- y y of a great number of ftalkes 3 highoriointed, and out ofeucry joint a couple of leaues oppofitc or let one againft another/omewhat harde, a little longer then thofc of com- monHorehoundj and whiter, asallbthe fhlkesarefetwithfoft haires, andofafwcetefinell: the flowers do compalle the ftalke about as thole do of common Horehound., but they are yelIow 3 and the wharles be narrower: the roote is wooddie and durable. 2 Bclides this there is alio another delcribed by Fuckjius ; the ftalkcs heereof arethicke, fewer f quare, nowe and then two or three foote longithe lcaues be broad,long 3 hoarie,nicked in the edges, hairie as are alio the ftalkes, and much broader then thofe of common Horehound; the flowers in the whorles which compalfe the ftalke about,arc of a purple colour; the feed is round and blackifh „• the roote hard and fomthingyellowe. There is a kinde of wilde Horehound 3 calIed St Achy s Spur i a Flandror urn yvhich doctor Pennie the phifition brought firft into England out of the clifts of the mountaincs Iura and Salana: this herbe beareth braue skie-colourcd flowers Handing in thrummie 3 prickley 3 fcaley or fhcllie crownets 3 diui- dingitlelfetowarde the top into fundry little braunchcs 3 let full of leaues like to Scabious 3 two to- gither 6ne againft the other 3 with a thin film or peele between them doling the ioints 3 which make a finallthree cornered difh 3 as in the Teafill 3 but much lefter, to hold the dewe and water that fallcth. There is another wilde Horehound of Mountpclier,called SideritU Monjpelliaca Scordioidesfsuc Scordtj folio ■ being that kinde of Sideritu, or wilde Horehound which is like vnto Scordium, or water Germander 3 which groweth to the height of a Palme and a halfe, with many Imall branches riling vpright 3 of a wooddie fubftance 3 hauing the tops & fpokie cronets of Hyffope 3 but the leaues do referable Diofcorides Scordium , fane that they be lome what lefter 3 ftiffcr 3 more wrinckledor curled and hairie,,then Tetrahit, or Iudaical herbe: the flowers do referable thole of common Sauo- ric 3 in tafte bitter,and of an aromatieal! fauour. Mountaine Sideritis being alio of the kindes of Horehound 3 was firft foundc by Valerandus Don- raz,jn the mountaines of Sauoy,refembling very well the herbe Ferruminatrix ^ but the leaues are much narrower 3 otherwifc like 3 hauing fmall rough rundlets or tufts 3 pale of colour like Marrubium or Tetrahit: the roote long and bendingpf a wooddie fubftaunce,and purple colour 3 bitter in tafte, but not vnpleafant 3 whofe vertue is yet vnknowne. it The place, Thele herbes are forreiners 3 they growe in rough and barren places 3 notwithftanding I haue them growing in my garden. it The time. They flower inthefomjnermonthsj and wither towardcs winter: the roote remaineth aliuc a certaine time. it The names. The former is taken for the right St achy which is called in Greeke sa^V: it is vnknowne in fhops and euerie where: we name it in Englifh yellowe Horehounde 3 and wilde Horehounde. The other wilde Horehound, feeing it hath no name 3 is to be called Stachys (puria:f or it is not theright 3 neither is it Sphacelus, (as moft haue fuflpe&ed) of which Thcophralius hath made men¬ tion :it is called in Englilh purple Horehound, baftarde wilde Horehound, and Fuchfitu wilde Horehound. it The temperature. Thele herbes are of a biting and bitter tafte 3 and are hot in the thirde degree according to Galen. itThevcrtues. The deco<ftion of the leaues drunk doth draw down the menles andthelecondine, zsDiofcorh des teacheth. Of historie of plants. Of water Hore bound . Chap .zzz. 5^5 i Marrubiumaquaticurft. Water Horehound. 2 Aiarrubium aquatic tan acututn. $harpe pointed water Horehound. & The description, 1 T 7 T T Ater Horehound is very like to blacke or (linking Horehound in (lalke and flowred Y V cups,which are rough, pricking, andcompafling the ftalkes rounde about like gar- landes: the leaues thereof be al(o blacke,but longer,harder, more deepely gafhed in the edges then thofe of (linking Horehound,yet not hairie at al, but wrinkeled: the flowers be final and whitifh: the roote is faftned with many blacke firings. 2 Sharpe pointed water Horehound hath an vpright rough (hike, and hairie, which diuideth it felfe towarde the top into other branches,whereon do growe broade rough leaues, fharpe pointed 3 ofa(lrong(rnell/lhe flowers growe at the top of the (hikes of a purplifh colour : the root is tough withfomethredsannxedthereto. • , ^ The place. They growe in brookes on the brinkes of water ditches* and neere vnto motes, for it requireth (lore of water,and groweth norin drie places. The time. K They flourifh and flower in the (ommer montn,in Iulie and Auguft. •& The names. It is called ^fquatileznd PaluHre Marrubtum : in Englifh water Horehound,and marrifh Hope- hound. Mathiolus taketh it to be Species Sideritidis j orakindeof Ironwoort, which Diojcorides hath deferibed in the firffc place ; but with this doth better agree that which is called Herba Indaica , or Glidewoort; it much lefle agreeth with Sideritisfeemda^ or the (econde Ironwoort, which thing «d(b hath his fauorers, for it is like in leafe to none of the Femes. Some alio thinke good to call it Nn Herba 5 66 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Herb i ^sfEgptia , bicaufe they that counterfet themfelues Egyptians (fuch as many times wan¬ der like vagabonds from citie to citie in Germanie)do v(e with this herbe to giue themfelues a fwart colour,fuch as the Egyptians and the people of Afrikeare of; for the iuice of this herbe doth die eucrie thing with this kinde of colour, which alfb holdeth (o fad, as that it cannot be waftiedor wiped awaie: in fo much as iinnen cloth being died heerewith, doth alwaies keepe that co¬ lour. ft The tempera,turc. It feemeth to be coIde,and withall very aftringent or binding. ft Thevertues. There is little vfe of thefe water Horehounds in Phificke. Ofblacke orjlinkfig Horehound. Chap. 223. ft jhe defeription. B Lacke Horehound is fbmewhat like vnto the white kinde. The ftalkes be alfb fquare and hairic. The leaues fomwhat larger,ofa darkc fwart or blackifh colour, (ome what like the leaues of Nettles, fnipt about the edges, of an vnpleafant and (linking fauour. The flowers growe about the ftalkes in certainefpaces, of a purple colour, in fhape like thole of Archangell or dead Nettle. The rootc is (mall and threddie. ft The place. It is found in gardens among pot herbes, and oftentimes among (tones and rubbilh in dric foiles. ft The time. It flowreth and fiourifheth when the others do. ft The names. It is called in Greeke /?ato»TM,and^ , *<«' ©c^Wjas p///wteftiheth in his 27.booke,8.chapter: of (omc Marrubiaflrum , or Alar rub turnfpurium, or baftard Horehound: in (hops Prafmmfcetidum , and Ballote: in Italian Aiarruhiafiro: in Spanifh CMarrauio ne¬ gro : in French Atarubin noir & puant: in Englifh (linking Horehound. ft The temperature. Stinking Horehound is hot and drie , and as PaulusAegineta tcacheth,of a fharpe and clenfing facultie. ft Thevertues. Being (lamped with fait and applied,it cureth the biting of a mad dog,againft which it is of great efficacie,as Diofcorides writeth. The leaues rolled in hot embers do wade and confumc away hard lumpes or knots in or about the fundament.lt alfo clenfeth fowle and filthie vlcers,as the fame author teacheth. Of.Archangelljr dead 3 \(ettle. Chap.zi^. ftThekindes. Here be diuers fortes of dead Nettles, or kindes of Horehound, differing in many notabk points,as (hall be declared. x Lamim Afarrubium nigrum. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5°7 I Lwiium album. White Archangel!. 2 Lamium luteum. Yellow Archangel!. *» ft The description. t T 7C T Hite Archangell hath fowerfquare ftalkes, a cubite high, leaning this way and that \/ V way, by reaIon of the great waight of his ponderous leaues, which are in fhapclike thole of Nettles, nicked round about the edges, yet not Hinging at ail, but loft, and as it were downie.The flowers compafle the ftalkes round about at certaine diftances,euen as thole of Horehound do, whereof doubtleflc this is a kinde, and not of Nettles, as hath beene generally holden, which flowers are white of colour, fafhioned like to little gaping hoods or helmets. The rootc is very threddie. 2 Yellow Archangell hath fquare ftalkes riling from a threddie roote,fet with leaues by couples, very much cut or hackt about the edges and fharpe pointed. The vppermoft whereof are often¬ times ofafairq purple colour. The flowers growe among the lame leaues of a gold yellow colour, fafhioned like; thole of the white Archangell,but greater,and more wider gaping open. 3 Red Archangell being called Vrtica non mordax, or dead Nettle, hath many Icaueslpred vpon the ground; among which rife vp ftalkes hollowe and hairie, whereupon do growe rough leaues of an ouerwornc colour, among which ccmcfoorth purple flowers, fet about in round wharles, or rundles.The roote is fm all,and peniheth at the firft approch of winter. 4 Dead Nettle ofHungarie hath many rough leaues very much curled or crumpled, like thole of the flinging Nettle, of a darke greene co!our,fnipt about the edges like the teeth of a fawe, let vp¬ on afower Iquare ftalke by couples; from the bolome of which leaues comefoorth the flowers dole to the ftalkes,of a perfect purple colour, in fhapclike thofc of the white Archangell, gaping like a dragons mouth, the lower chap whereof is ofa bright purple fpotted with white, which bc- ingpaft, there doth follow feede inclofed in rough husks, with fine fharpe points flicking out. The roote is thicke, tough, confifting of many threds and long firings. 2Y. n 4 3 Lam:am <S8 ' THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Laminmrubrum . 4 Lam turn Tannonicumfue Galeopfis. Red Archangell. Hungarie dead Nettle. & The place. Thcfc plants are founde vnder hedges, olde wals, common waies, among rubbifh, in the bor¬ ders of fields, and in carable grounds, oftentimes in gardens ill husbanded. That with the yellow flower groweth not fo common as the others. Ihaucfound it vnder the hedge on the left hand as you go from the village of Hampfteed neere London to the church, and in the wood thereby, as alfo in many other copfes about Lee in Efiex, neere Watford and Bufhie in Midlelcx, and in the woods belonging to the Lord Cobham in Kent. ie The time. They flower for the mofl part all the fommer long. it The names. , . Archangell is called of fome Vrtica iners , and Alortuajoi. fotne Lamitm: in Englifh^Vrchangcli, blinde Nettle, and dead Nettle. The temperature. They are hotter and drier than Nettle, approching to the temperature ofHorehound. A Thevertues. A Archangell ftamped with vineger, and applied in manner of apultis, taketh away Wens and hard Iwellings, theKings ctiill, inflammation of the kernels vnder the eares andiawes, and alfo hot ficric inflammations of the kernels of the necke,armeholes,and flanks. B It is good to bathe thole parts with the deco&ion of it as Diofcordes and Pltnte faie. C Tiie later Phifitions thinke that the white flowers of Archangell do ftaie the whites, and for the fame purpole diners do make of them a conferue,as they call it,of the flowers and fugar,which they appoint to be taken for ccrtaine daies togither. D The flowers are baked with fugar as roles are,which is called fiigar Rofet: as allb the difiilled wa¬ ter of them,which is vied to make the hart merriej to make a good colour in the face, and to make the vital! Ipirits morefrefh and Jiucly. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^9 Of 'S\ 4 'othervroort. - Cbap.2,25. £ Cardi.tca. Mother wooit. m The deferiftion. M Othcr woortbringeth foorth ftalks.fower fquare, rhicke, harde, two cubits high, of an obfeure or ouerworne red colour. The leaucs are fomewhat blacke, like thofe of Nettles, but greater and broader then the leaues ofHorehound, deepely indented or cut on the cdgcs.Thc huskes are harde and pricking which do compafte the ftalkes about like wharles, or little crownets, out of which do growe purplish flowers, not vnlike to thofe of dead Nettle, but lefler.The roote is compact of many final firings, the whole plantisof averieranke fhicll and bit¬ ter tafte. it The place. It ioicth among rubbifh , in flonie and other barren and rough places , efpecially about Ox¬ ford , it profiteth well in gardens. it The time. It flourifhethiflowreth, andfeedeth,from Iune to September: the leaues and ftalkes perifh in vvintcr,but the roote indureth. $e The names. It is called in our age Cardiaca: in high Dutch ram Ihettyffcfpo^t: in low Dutch Iperfe^efpan: in JJgJSSv _ -- French Agripauldlv: in Englifh Mother woort. Some there be that make it a kinde of Baume, it Icemeth that it may alfb be referred to Sideritii Hcrculan&fX Hercules Iron woort. it The temperature. Mother woort is hot and dric in the fecond degree, by reafon of the clenfing and binding qualh tic that it hath. ^ The vertues. Diucrscommenditagainft the infirmities of the hart: it is fudged to be fo forceablc, that it is A thought it tooke his name Cardiac a of the effedt. > It is alfb reported to cure conuulfions and cramps, and likewife the palfie : to open the obftrmfti- B ons or ftoppings of the intrailcs: to kill all kindes of wormes of the bellie. The powder oftheherbegiuen in wine, prouoketh not onely vrinc, or the monthly courfe ; but C alfois good for them that are in hard trauell with childe, Morcouer^ the fame is commended for green wounds: it is alfo a remedie againft certaine difea- D fes in cattcll 3 as the cough,Sc murrcn,&for that caufe diners husbandmen oftentimes much defireit. Of Stinging SAfettle. Chap.zi6, 1 K - it The kindes. There be diuers forts of Nettles as fhall be declared. it The defeription. I He ftalkes of the firft be now and then halfe a yardehigh,round, and hollow within: the | leaucs are broad,fharpe pointed,cut round about like a fawe,they be rough on both fides, andcouered with a flinging downe, which with a light touch onely cauleth a great bur¬ ning, and raifeth hard knots in the skin like blifters, and fbmetimes maketh it red. The feede com- metn from the rootes of the leaues in round pellets, bigger than Peafe; it is flipperie, glittering like Tine feede,but yet lefier and rounder.Thc roote is fet with firings. 1 Vrticd o 570 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE r Vrt'icA Roman a. ; 2 Vrtiuvrcns. Romanc Nettie. 3 Vrtiumirsor. Small Nettle. Common Hinging Nettle. 4 KrtkzritbrAl x Red Nettle. HIS'TORIE OF PLANTS. 57 1 2 The fecond Nettle is like to the former in Ieaucs and flalkes, but yet now and then higher and more full of branches : it is alfo couered with a downe that ftingeth and burneth as well as the other ;the feede hereofis finall, and groweth not in round bullets, but on long flender firings, as it were in clufters,as thofc of the female Mercurie,which gro we along the ftalkes and branches aboue the leaues, very many. The roote is full of firings, of colour fomething yellow, and creepeth all about. 3 The thirde is like to the feconde in ftalks,leaues, and feede, that groweth by clufters, but lefier, & commonly more full of branches,of a light greenc ? more burning and flinging; the roote is fmal and not without firings. ^ The fourth being our common red Nettle,is knowne better to fbme then defired ,and therefore needeth no defeription. •& Th e place. Nettles growe in vn tilled places, and the firfi in thicke woods,andis a ftranger in England, not- withftanding it growethin my garden. The fecond is more common and groweth of it felfe neere vnto hedges, bufhes, and brambles, andolde wals. The thirde and fourth alfo commeth vp in the fame places, which notwithfianding groweth in gardens,and moift earaole groundes. k The time. x They all flourifh in fommer,the lefier fuffereth the winter colde; the feede is ripe and may be ga¬ thered in Iuly and Auguft. k The names. It is called in Greeke A^w?n: in Latine Vrtica , of his burning and flinging qualitierwhereupon, as Macer faith: — nee immerito nomenfumpfiffe viclettir, Ta, 5 ta quod exurat digit os vrtica tenentis. The Nettle feemes her name to take of no vndeferued thing, Which hurtes the hand of him that toucheth her, with a piercing fling. And of diuers alfb*^ bicaufe it ftingeth wich hurtful downrin high Dutch l^effefiin Italia Ortica: in Spanifh Hortiga : in French Ortte : in Englifh Nettle.The firfi is called in low Dutch IRoottlfcfjC JOetClCfothatis Romana Vrtica, or Romain nettle :&like wife inhighDutch 9 . 2 UalfCt)C JMfdttU that is, italica vrtica , Italian Nettle,bicaufe it is rare and groweth but in fewe places, and the feed isfentfrom other countries and fowen in gardens for hisvertues : it is alfo called of diners Vrtica mas: and of Diofcorides Vrtica jyiuejtris ; or wilde Ncttle,which he faith is more rough, with broader and longer leaues,and with the feede of Flaxe, but lefier. Rlinie maketh the wilde Nettle the male, and in his 2 i.booke, chap.i 5*faith, that it is milder & gentler: it is called in Englifh Romane Net¬ tle, Greeke Nettle, male Nettle. The fecond is called Vrticafeemina , and oftentimes Vrtica maior , that it m ay differ from the thirde Nettle; in Englifh female Nettle, great Nettle,or common Net¬ tle. The thirde is named in high Dutch JptptCt X in the Brabanders fpeech ptijtt $ 3 ttCiCity fo called of the flinging qualitie: in Englifh finall Nettle, fmall burning Nettle: but whether this be that or no which Riinie calleth Cania , or rather the firft,let the Students confidcr. There is in the wilde nettle a more flinging qualitie, which, faith he, is called Cania , with a ftalke more flinging, hauing nicked leaues. k The temperature. Nettle is of temperature drie,a little hot,fcarce in the firfi degree,it is of thinne and fubtiie parts, for it doth not therefore burne and ftinge by reafon it is extreme hot: but bicaufe the downe of it is fiiffe and hard, pearcing like fine little prickles,or flings,and entring into the skin: for if it be withe¬ red or boiled,it ftingeth not at all, by reafon that the ftiffenefie of the downe is fallen away. k The vertues. Being eaten, or as Diofcorides faith, boiled with Perywinkles, it maketh the bodie folublc, and A doth itby a kinde of clenfing qualitie : it alfo prouoketh vnne,andexpellethftonesoutof thekid- neies; being boiled with barly creame, it bringeth vp tough humors that fticke in the cheft, as it is thought. , Being ftamped, and the iuicc put vp into the noflrils, it ftoppeth the bleeding of the nofe: the B iuice is good againft the inflammation of the Vuula. The 572- THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE C The fecde of Nettle flirreth vp luft, efpecially drunke with Cute: for (as Galen faith) it hath in it a certaine windinefTe. 7) Itconcoð and draweth out of the chefl raw humors. E It is good for them that cannot breath vnleffe they hold their neckes vpripht, and for thofe that haue the Pleurifie, & for l'uch as be licke of the inflammation of the lungs, if it be taken in a loachc or licking medicine, and alfo againfl the troublefome cough that children haue, called thechinne cough. F Nicander affirmeth,that it is a remedie againfl: the venemous qualitie of Hemlockc Muflhrom* andQuickfilucr. G And ^pollodorufaHLhjihax. it is a counterpoifon for Henbane,ferpents,and fcorpions. H As Plinie witnefleth, the fame author write th, that the oile of it taketh away the hinging which the Nettle it felfe maketh. I The fame groflely powned, and drunke in white wine , is a mod Angular medicine againfl the flone either in the bladder,or in the reines, as hath beene often prooued to the great eafe and com¬ fort of thofe,that haue been gricuoufly tormented with that maladie. K It expelleth grauell 3 and caufeth to make water. L The leaues ofany kinde of Nettle,or the feedes, do worke the like cffe^ but not with that good fpeede,and fo afTuredly as the Romane Nettle. Of Hempe, Chap.zzy-. Can ft a bit, Hempe. k The defer iption. H Empe bringeth forth round fta!ks,flraight 3 hollow, fiue or fixe foote high, full of bran¬ ches, and that when it groweth of it felfe wilder but when it is fowen infields, it hath very few or no branches at all. The leaues thereof be hard,rough,fomewhatblacke, and ifthcybebrui- fed they be of a ranke finell, made vp of diuers little leaues ioined togither, euerie particular leafe whereof is narrow, long, fharpe pointed, and nicked in the edges: the feede commeth foorth from the bottoms of the wings and leaues, being round,fbmewhat hard,full of white fubflance. The rootes haue many firings. There is another being the female Hempe, yet barren and without feede, contrarieto the nature of that fexe,which is very like vnto the other being the male. Sc one muft be gathered before the other be ripe, elfe it will wither away, and come to no good purpofe. k The place, Hempe,as Columella writeth,delightcth to grow in a fat dunged and waterie foile, or plainc and moifl,and deepely digged. k The time, Hempe is fowen in March and Aprill. The firfl is ripe in the end of Augufl,thc other in Iuly. k The names. This is named ofthe Grecians >&vva£t(, alfb of the Latines Cannabis : the Apothecaries keepethat name: in high Dutch ^atVTt* fjanff : of the Italians Canape : ( of the Spaniards Canamo ; in French Charnre: of the Brabanders I&Etttp X in Englifh Hempe. The male is called Charle Hempe, and Winter Hempe. The female Barren Hempc,and Sommer Hempe. - k The H 1 ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 573 k The temperature and vertues. Thc{eedeofHempe 3 as Galenw ritethin his bookesof the faculties of firnple medicines, is hard A ofdigeftion, hurtfull to the ftomacke and head, and contcineth in it an ili 'iuice, notwithstanding fome do vie to eate the fame parched, alijstragematis^ with iunkets. ’ Itconfumethwinde,asthefaid author faith in his booke of the faculties of medicines 3 and is fo B great a drier 3 as that it drieth vp the feede 3 iftoo much be eaten of it. Viofcorides faith,that the iuice ofthe herbe dropped into the cares 3 aflwageth the paine thereof C proceeding as I take it,ofQb'ftru< 5 lion a or flopping,as Galem&dzxh. The inner fubftancc or pulpe of the feed preffed out in fome kinde of liquor 3 is giuen to thofe that D haue the ycllowe launders, when the difeafe firft appeereth, and oftentimes with good fuccefie if the difeafe come of obftrudion without an agewe 3 for it openeththepafiage of the galj 3 anddi- iperfeth and concoð the choler through the whole bodie. ^/^/^ffaith 3 that the feed giuen tohens,caufeththcmtolaieegges more plentifully. E Of vpilde Hempe . Chap . z z 8. k Thekindes. T Here be diuers lorts of wilde Hempes 3 it (hall fuffice to giue you the figure of one ? with the defeription ofmo. Cannabis Spuria. Graucs ende 3 Southfleete 3 and in all the trad from thence to Canterburie. k The time. Thefe herbes do fiowerfrom Iulie to the end of Auguft. k The names. It fhall fuffice what hath becne /etdownc in the title for the Latine name: in Englifh wilde hempe,Nettle hempe, and baftard hempe. k T he temperature and vertues. The temperature and faculties arc referred to the manured hempe, notwithflandingthcy are not vfed in phifickeywhere the other may be had. Of 574 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of JVater Hempe. Chap.up. Eupatorium Cannabinum. Water Hempe,or water Agrimonie. k The defeription. W Atcr Hempe, or water Agrimonie, i? fekiome foundc in hot regions, for which caufe it is called Eupatorium Cannabinumfeemina Septentrionaliwm , andgro- wethin thecolde northerne countries in rnoift places,and in the midd of ponds, flowe running riuers,and ditches. The roote continucth long, hailing many long and (lender firings, after the nature of water herbes. Theflalkesgrowea cu- biteand a halfehigh, of a darke purple colour, with many braunches (landing by didaunces one from another. The leaues are more indented andlefiehairie than the male kindc, the flowers growe at the top , of a browne yellowe colour, (potted with black (pots like Afteratticus 3 which confifleth of fu’ch a fubftaunce as is in the midd of the Dai(ie,or the Tanfie flower, & is fet about withfmallandfharpeleaues, (uch as arc about the rofc, which caufeth the whole flower to rc- femble a (larre and (auoureth like gum Elempni , Rofme, or Cedar woode when it is burned. The (cede is long like Pyrethrum, elofely thruft togi- ther,ar.d lightly cleaueth to any wollen garment, that it toucheth by reafon of his roughnes. There is another wilde hempe growing in the water, whereof there be twofortsmoredeligh- ting to grow in the like ground, in fhew differing verie little. This (pringeth vp with long roundc (lalkcs, and (omewhat reddifn,4bout two cubits high, or fomething higher, they are be(et with long greene leaues indented vpon the edges, wher- of you fhall fee commonly flue or (eauen of thole leaues hanging vpon one (lem like the leaues of hempe,but yet fofter.The flowers are little, of a pale reddifh colour, confiding of (oft rounde tufts, and (land perting vpon the top of the (prigs ,which at length vanifh away into downe: the toote vn- derncath is full of threddie drings,of a meane bignefie. # The place. They growe about the brinkes of ditches,running waters, and (landing poolcs, and in vyateric places almoft cuerie where. The time. They flower and flourifh in Iulie and Augud: the roote continue th, but the dalkcs and leaues wither away in winter, k The names. The baftarde or wilde Hempes, elpccially thofe of the water, are called commonly Hepatorium Cannabinum pi diners alfo Eupatorium , Lconhar , Fuchfius nameth it Eupatorium adulterium z of mod Cannahina , of the likenes it hath with the leaues of Cannabis , Hempe, and Eupatorium Auiccnna. It is thought alfo to be that which Baptijla Sardus doth terme T erznla : in high Dutch gtUtU Ixtaiit) that is to faie in Latine Santta. Cunigundx Her la, S. Cunigundeshztbc: in low Dutch 110 kl'Utt X in Englifh water Hempe, badard and water Agrimonie. It is called Hepatorium , of the facultie, whereby it is good for Hepar^thz liuer. k The temperature. The leaues androotes ofthefe herbes are bitter,alfo hot and driein the (econd degree, they haue v 4 vertue HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 575 vertuetofcoureandopen, to attenuate ormakethinne thicke and grofie humours, and to expel! of driue them fborth by vrine: they clenfe and purifie the blood. it The virtues. The deco&ion heerof is profitable giuen to thofe that be fcabbed and haue filthy skins.-and like- A wife to fuch as haue their fpleene and liuer flopped or fwolne; for ittaketh away the ftoppingsof both thole intrailes j and alio of the gall: wherefore it is good for them that haue the iaundife,efpe- daily fomewhat after the beginning. The herbc boiled in wine or water,is Angular good againft tertian feuers. The decodion drunke, and the leaues outwardly applied, doe heale all wounds both inwarde and outward. Of Eg rimonie. Cbap.z^o. iMorimonia. Egrimonie. it The description. T Heleaues of 'grmoma , arc long and hai- rie , greene abouc, and lomewhat grayifh vn- derneath , parted into diners other fmall leaues, fnipt rounde about the edges, almoftlike the leaues ofhempe. The ftalke is two foote and an halfe long,rough,and hairie; whereupon grow ma- nie finall yellowe flowers one abouc another vp- wards towarde the top: after the flowers come the feedes fomewhat long and rough, like to finall burs hanging downwards, which when they be ripe, do catch holde vpon peoples garments which pafle by it.The roote is great,long,and blacke. it The pi ace. •It groweth in barren places by high waies,inc!o- fures of medowes, and of come fieldes, and often¬ times in woodes and copfes, and alinoft euerie where. it The time. It flowrcth in Iune, and fomewhat later, and feedcth after that,a great part of fommer. it 7 he names. The Grecians call it cAimmttov: and theLatines alfo Eupatorium. Phnie Eupatoria , yet there is ano¬ ther Eupatorium in iMpuleius^ and that is Mar rub i~ «w, Horehound: in like manner the Apothecaries haue another Hepatorium that is commonly vied, » which alfo is named Hep at or mm adulter mum : the fhops call it baftarde Agrimonie,of diuers it is named Ferrari*, of others Concordia ,or Marmorellai In Onbxfius his olde tranflation in the fourth bcoke of fimples, Agrimonie is named Lappa inuerfa: and it is named Lappa inuerfa bicaufo the foedes which are rough like burres,do hang dovvnwardes; oHome Philanthropos, of the cleauing qualitie of the feedes hanging to mens garments:the Italians and Spaniards call it ^yigramonia : in high Dutch ^DtierrHEUfl, : in lowe Dutch, in French,and in Eng[i(h,Cfrrimonie: Eupatorium beareth his name of Eupator the finder of itoutj and(faith Pltnie) it hath a roiall and princely authoritie. it The temperature. It is hot,and doth moderately binde,and is of a temperate drinefle: Galen tcacheth,that Agrimo¬ nie is of tine and fubtill parts,that it cutteth and fooureth, therefore faith he, it remooueih obftruc- tions or (toppings out of the liuer 3 and doth likewife ftrcngthen it 3 by reafon of the binding qualitie thatis in it: it The CQ O 57« THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE tfc The verities, A The deception of the Ieaues of Egrimonie is good for them that haue naughtie liuers 3 and for filch as pifle bloud vpon the difeafes of thekidneis. B The leede being drunke in wine(as Pliny affirmeth)doth helpe the bloudie flixe. C Dtofcorides addeth 3 that it is a remediefor them that haue bad liuers 3 and for fuch as are bitten withferpents. D The Ieaues being ftamped with, oldfwines greafe 3 and applied^ clofeth vp vlcers that be hardly healed 3 as Diojcorides faith. OfSawewpoort. Chap .231. 2 SerratuUfloye albo. White Sawewoort. The defcriytion. 1 > T"*Bc plant which the newe writers haue called SermlnU , differeth from Betonica , al- J though of theauncientsithath beene taken forBetonie, hailing large Ieaues fbmewhat fnipt about the edges like a fawe (whereofittooke his name) riling immediately from the roote: among which come vp flalkes of a cubite high, befet with Ieaues very deepelycutor iagged euen to the middle of the rib 3 notmuch vnlike the male Scabious. The ftalkes towardes the top di- uide themfelues into other fmall branches; at the top whereof they beare flowers fbmewhat Icalie, like the Knapwecde , but not fo great nor barde ; at the topoftheknapcommethforthabufhieor thrummie flower, of a purple colour. The roote is threddie 5 and therby increafeth and becommeth of a great quantitie. 2 Sawewoort with white flowers, dilfereth not from theprecedent , but in the colour of the flo¬ wer s:foi as the other bringeth foorth a bufh ofpurple flowers, in manner this plant bringeth foorth flowers of the fame fafhion 3 buc of a fno we white colour,wherein confifteth the difference. 3 SerrAtuk I Seryatulapurpurea. Purple Sawewoorto HISTORIE / Sen At id a flore ruhro. Red Sawewoort. OfHetorne* OF PLANTS. . 577 , 'k The description. 3 Wehauefounde in our woods another fort of Sawewoort, differing from the others of his kinde 3 onely in the colour of his flowers, without any other difference at all 3 for this plant biingcth foorth red flowers 3 and the others not fo. tf. The place. Sawewoortgrowerhin woods and fhadowie places 3 andfbmetimesinmcdowes. They grow in Hamfteede woode : likewife I haue feeneit growing in great abundance in the woode adioi- ningto Iflington 3 within halfea mile from the farther ende of the towne 3 and in fundrie places of Effex and Suffolke. kc The time . They flower in Iuly and Auguft. kc The names. The later age doth call them Serratula ; it dif- fereth as we haue (aide from Betonie, which is ah fo called S erratula : other names if it haue any we knowe not :it is called inEnglifh Savvewoort. , The temperature and vertues. Serratula is woonderfully commended to be A moft lingular for woundes 3 ruptures 3 burftings, hernies and fuch like : and is referred vnto the temperature of Sanicle. I Betomca. Bctonie. Chap .z^z. 2 Ectonicaflore <t!bo. Betonie with white flowers. ft The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^ The defeription. 1 T) Eronie groweth vp with leaues long and broad, of a darke greene colour, flightly indented fj about the edges like a fawe. Theftalkeis (lender, fewer fquare, fomewhatrough, afootc high more or lefie.lt beareth eared flowers,of a purplifh colour,and fomtimes reddifhjafter the flowersjcommeth in place long cornered feedc.The roote confiftech of many firings. 2 Beconie with white flowers is like the precedent in each refped, fauing that the flowers of this plant are white,and of greater bcautie,and the others purple or red, as aforefitid. it The place, Betonie loueth (hadowie woods,hedgerowes, and copfes,the borders of paftures, and (uch like places. Betonie with white flowers is fcldome (eene. I found it in a wood by a village called Hampftccdc neer vnto a worfhipfull Gentlemans houfe, one of the Clarks of the Queenes counfell called Ma- fier IVade, from whence I brought plants for my garden, where they flourifh as in their naturall place of growing. & The time. They flower and flourifh for the rnoft part in Iune and Iuly. it The names, Betonie is called in Greeke «ke*v ’ in Latinc Beton.ca : of diuers Vetonica , but vnproperly. There is likewife another Betonie a, which Paulm Acgmeta deferibeth, and Galen in his firft booke of the gouernment of health, fheweth that it is called 'tkyv, that is to fay, 2teA?2W4,Betonie,and alio Sarxi- phagon: Dio for ides liotwithfianding doth deferibe another Sarxiphagon. it The temperature. Betonie is hot and drie in the fecond degree: it hath force to cut,as Galen faith. ^ Thevertues. A Betonie is good for them that be fubied to the falling fickneffc, and for thofe alfo that haue ill heads vpon a cold caufe. B It clenfeth the lungs and cheft, it taketh away obftrudions or ftoppings of the liuer, milt, and gall: it is good againfi the yellow iaundies. C It maketh a man to haue a good,, ftomacke and appetite to his meate: it preuaileth againfi lower belcbings: it roaketh a man topifleweli : itmitigateth paine of the kidneies and bladder: itbrea- keth (tones in the kidneies,and driueth them foorth. 0 Ids alio good for ruptures,crampes, and conuulfions: it is a remedie againfi the bitings of mad dogs and venemous (erpents, being drunke and al(b applied to the hurts, and is moft lingular againfi poifon. E It is commended againfi the paine of the Sciatica,or ache of the hucklebone. F There is a conferue made of the flowers and fugar good for many things, and efpecially for the headach. A dram weight of the roote of Betonie dried and taken with meade or honied water, pro- curcth vomit,and bringeth foorth grofie and tough humors ,as diuers of our age do report. G The powder of the dried leaues drunke in wine, is good for them that (pit orpifle blood, andcu- reth all inward wounds,efpecially the greene leaues boiled in wine and giuen. H The powder taken with meate,loofeth the belly very gently, andhelpeth them that haue the fal¬ ling (icknes,with madnes and headache. I It is Angular againfi all paines of the head,it kiHeth wormes in the belly ,helpeth the ague,it clen¬ feth the motherland hath great vertue to heale the bodic, being hurt within by brufing,or fuch like. Of Water Betonie, Qbap.ity it The description, W Ater Betonie hath great (quare,hollow,and browne ftalkes, whereon are fet very broad leaues, notched about the edges like vnto thofe of Nettles, ofafwart greene colour: growing for the moft part by two and two as it were from one ioint, oppofite or (lan¬ ding one right againfi another. The flowers growe at the top of the branches, of a darke purple co¬ lour,in fhape like to little helmets. The feede is fmall, conteined in round bullets or buttons. The roote is compad of many and infinite firings. Betonica HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 57? Betonica aquatic a .Water Betonie. ft The place. Itgrowethbv brookesand running waters, by ditch tides, and by the brinks of riueis, andisfeF dome found in drie places. 1 he time. Itflowreth in Inly and Anguft, and from that time the feedc waxeth ripe. it The names. Water Bctonie is called in Latine Betonica aqua- tied: of Dzofcorides Clymenum , Galeopfis , and Scro- ph ul.tria altera of Do done us: of Turner Clymenon: of forne Sefamotdes minus , but not properly : of others Serpentaria: in Dutch CCUpDt inEnglilh Browne woorts, and Water Betonie: in Yorkthire Bifhop leaues: a The temperature. Water Betonie is hot and drie. The vertues. The leaues of Water Betonie are of a fcowring or denting qualitie, and is very good for foule and (linking vlcers , efpecially the mice boiled with honic. It is reported, if the face be wafhed with the iuice therof, it taketh away the rednefte and defor- mitie of it. Of great Figgeivoort.or Kernell ivoori . Qhap.%^ Scrophularia maior. Great Fig woett. ^ 1 he defeription. Kc great Fiege vvoort fpringetn vp with (lalkes fower fquare two cubites high, of a darke purple colour, and hollowe within: the leaues grovve alwaies by couples, as it were from one ioint, oppofite or (landing one right againd another, broad, fharpe pointed,(hipped rounde about the edges like the leaues of the greater Nettle,but bigger, blacker, and nothing at all dinging when they be touched:the flowers in the tops of the branches are ofa darke purple colour, very like in forme to little helmets: then commeth vp little fmall (cede in pretie rounde buttons, but fharpe at theend.-therooteis whi- tifh, befet with little knobs and bunches as it were knots and kirnels. There is another Figwoort, called Scrophu¬ laria Jndzcaphat hath many and great braunches, trailing heere and there vpon the ground,full of leaues,in fafhion like the wilde or common Thi- dle, but altogither without prickes: among the leaues appccre the flowers in fafhion like an hoode, on the outfide of a faint colour,and with¬ in intermixt with purple, which being fallen and withered, there come in place (fnallknops verie harde to breake,and fharpe n t the point,as a bod- O o a kin; A B 58 a THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE kin: which containeth a final! feede like vntoTime. The whole plant perifheth at the firft ap. proch of winter, and muft be fc wen againe in April!,in good and fer till ground. it The place. The great Scrophularia groweth plentifully in inadowie woods,and fbmtimes in moift medowes, efpeciallv in greateft abundance in a woode as you go from London to Harnefey, and alio in Stowe woode,and Shotouer neere Oxcnforde. The flrange Indian Figge woort,was lent me from Paris by lohn Robin, the Kings Hcrbarift, and now groweth in my garden. itThe time. They flower in lune and lulic. itThe names. Figge woort orKernellwoort, is called in Latine Scrophularia maior , that it might differ from the lefter Celandine,which is likewife called Scroph}dariapN\t h this addition minor , the Idler; it is called of fome Mdlemorbia , and Cajlrangula' in Englifh great Figge woort,or Kernell woort. it The vertues. Figge woort is good againft the hard kernels,which the Grecians call .* the Latines Stru¬ mas, and commonly Scrophtilas , and it is reported to be a remedie againft thofe difeafes whereof it tooke his name,as alio the painfull piles and (welling of the hemonheides. Diners do railily teach,that ifit be hanged about the necke,or elfe caried about one, it keepeth a man in health. Some do ftampe the roote with butter, and fetit in a moift (hadowie place fifteene daies togi- ther,then do they boile it,ftraine it,and keepe it, wherewith they annoint the harde kernels, and the hemorrhoide veines,or the piles which are in die fundament,and that with good luccefte. Of Vermine. Chap . 235 .. it Thekindes. Here be two kindes of Veruaine as Vliny faith, the male,and the female; or as others aftirmc, vpright,and creeping. 1 Verbena communis. Common Veruaine. 2 Verbena facra. Holie Veruaine. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1 HxH He dalke of upright Veruaine rifeth from the roote Angle,cornered, a foot high, fcldome I aboue a cubite,and afterwards diuidcd into many braunches: the leaues are long, greater A then thofe of the oke,but with bigger cuts and deeper: the flowers along the (prigs are lit¬ tle, blevve, or whitc,orderly placed; the rooters long,with firings growing on it. . 2 Creeping Veruaine fendeth foorth dalkes like the former,now and then a cubite long,cornered, more flender,for the mod part lying vpon the grounde: the leaues alfo are as the former, but with deeper cuts, and mo in number: the flowers in the tops of the fprigs are blewc, and purple withall, verie fmall as thofe of the other, and placed after the fame manner and order: the roote groweth ftraight downe being (lender and long,as is the roote of the former. it the place. Both of them grow in vntilled places neere vnto hedges, high waies, and commonly by ditches almofteuery where. it the time. TheVcruaines flower in Iuly and Auguft. it 7 he names. Veruain is called in Greek ps®V : in Latin Verbena fa. Verbenaca,Herculania,Ferraria^z. Ex up era, of (ome Matricalis , & Hierabotane , of others Vernena , & Sacra herb a. Verbena are herbs that were taken from the altar,or from (ome holie place,which bicaufe the Conful or Frtetor did cut vp,they were Iikewife called Sanmina, which oftentimes are mentioned in Lime to be graflie herbs cut vp in the capitol .Lime alfo witnefleth in his 2 2.book,i 1 .cliap.that Verbena Sz Sagmina be all onc,& this is manifeft by that which we read in Andria in Terence: Ex ara 'verbenas htnc fimeiTzVc herbs here f from the altar ; in which place Terence did not meane Veruaine to be taken from the altar, but forne certaine herbe: for in Menander, out of whom this Comedie was tran(lated,is read //ypc/i'»,or Myr¬ tle, as Donatos faith. In Spanifh it is called Vrgebaom: in Italian Verminacuh: in Dutch S fCt CW.iUt in French Veruayne: in Englifh Iunos tcares, Mercuries mcift bloude, Holie herbe, and of fome Pigeons grade,or Columbine, bicaufe Pigeons are delighted to beamongd it, as alfo to cate there- of,as Apnleim writeth. --:7 it the temperature. Both the Veruaines are of temperature very drie,and do meanely binde and code. it The vertues. The leaues of Veruaine pounde with oile of rofes,cr Axungiayhxt is,hogs greafo,doth mitigate & andappeafo the paines of the mother,being applied thereto. The leaues ofVeruaine and roles (lamped with a little newehogs greafo, and emplaiftered after ft themannerof a pultis, dothceafe the inflammation and greeuous paines of woundes, andfuffe- reth them not to come to corruption: and the greene leaues (lamped with hogges greafe, taketh away the fwelling and paine of hot impodumes and tumours, and clenfeth corrupt and rotten vlcers. It is reported to be of (ingularforceagaindthe tertian and quartaine feuers: but you muflob- C forue mother JSumbies rules to take iuft fo many knots or fprigs, and no more, lead it fall out fo that itdoyounogood,if youcatchnoharmeby it. Many odde olde wines fables are written of Ver- uaine tending to witchcraft and (breetie, which you may reade elfe where, for I am not willing to trouble your eares with reporting fuch trifles,as honed eares abhorre to heare. Archigenes maketha garlande of Veruaine for the headach, when the caufo of the infirmitie C proceeded! of heate. The herbe damped with oile of rofos and vineger, or the decodlion of it made in oile of roles, D keepeth the haires from falling,beingbathed or annointed therewith. It is a remedie againd putrified vlcers,it healeth vp wounds, and perfectly cureth fidulaes, it wa- E (ledi awaie oldefwellings, and taketh away the heate of inflammations. Thedecodionoftherootesandleaues,fwageththetoothach, and fadneth them, andhealethF the vlcers of the mouth. They report faith Plinie , that if the dining roome be fprinck’ed with water in which the herbe G lath beene deeped,the guefls will be the merrier,which alfo Dio/corides mentioned!. Oo 3 Mod 582 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE tj Moil of the later Phificions do giue the iuice or deco&ion heerof to them that haue the plague; but thefe men are deceiued,not dnely in that they looke for fome truth from the father offalfhood and leafingSjbut alfo bicaufe in fteede of a good and fure remedie they minifter no remedie at alljfor it is reported 3 that the diuell did reueale it as a fecret and diuine medicine. OfScabious . Chap.zjf. » - . •SeThekindes. T Here be many kinds or forts of Scabious 5 euery one for the moft part taking his denomination from his loiie or countrie. 1 Sea bio fa maior vulgaris. Common Scabious. 2 Scablofa minor flue Columbaria. The fmall common Scabious. ... The defeription. Fie Hrflkindeof Scabious being the moft common & belt knowen,hath Ieaues long and broad,of grayifh 3 hoarie, and hairie colour, fpred abroad ypon the ground, among which rile vp round and rough Items, befet with hairie iagged Ieaues, in fafhion like great Vale¬ rian,which we call Setwalh At the top of the Italkes groweblew flowers in thicke tufts or buttons. The roote is white and Angle. 2 The fecond is like vnto the former,fauing that his Ieaues are not fo much cut or iagged,and the v\'hole plant is altogither Idler, fcarfely growing to the height of a fopce T , 3 The third kinde of Scabious is in all things like vnto the firft,failing thatthe knap or head doth dilate it felfe further abroad, and is not fo thicke or clolely thruft togither, and the loweft Ieaues arc not fodeepely cut or iagged. ^ 4 The fourth groweth wit hone flender and weakeftem, hauiflg two Ieaues one fet right again w another,very much iagged, almoft like vnto common Feme, or rather Afh: and at the top of the ftalkes there groweth one flower and no more, like vnto the former but greater 5 and the roote is finall and Angle, 3 Scablofa HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 583 3 Scabiofa media. Middle Scabious. 4 Scabiofacampcliriifucfcgetwn. Corne Scabious. 5 Scabiofa fore purpurea. Purple flowred Scabious. 6 Scabiofa rubra L^uttriaca. Red Scabious of Auflrich. *7 he THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The defcription. 5 Purple flowred Scabious bath a rough hairie ftalke, whereon do growe broad leaues deepcly cut in the edges, in forme like thole of Sowthiftle, rough Iikewile and hairie. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes, compolcd of an innumerable fort of purple thrums; after which come fcalic knaps,like thole of lacea ^or Knapweed,wherein is the leede.The roote is fmall and theddie. 6 The fixt fort of the ftocke or kinred of Scabious, hath very many leaues fp red vpon the ground, cucandiagged euentothe middlerib, rough and hairie, inlhapelike the leaues of Buckes home: among which rife vp rough ftalkes, on the top whereof doe growe faire red flowers, confiding of a bundle ofthrums.The roote is long,tough and finglc. 7 Scabiofa montam. 8 Scabiofa montana lutifolia. Mountaine Scabious. Broad leafed mountaine Scabious. # 7 he defcription. 7 The leuenthkind of Scabious hath fundrie great, rough,and round ftems,as high as a tall man, belet with leaues like the firft Scabious, but far greater. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes like vnto the others , but of a faint yellow colour, which fall as looneas it is touched with the hande , whereby it mightilieincreafeth , notwithftanding the roote endureth many yeeres,and groweth to be woonderfull great: and in my garden it did growe to the bignefte of a mans bodie. 8 The broad leafed mountaine Scabious hath broad leaues lured vpon die ground, like thole of the field Primerole,but greater. Among which rileth vp a great ftiflPe ftalke ftnoorh and plaine,gar- nifned with the like leaues of thole next the ground,but leftcr. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes,of a watcher or light blew coIour.Thc roote is thicke and touch. 9 Scabiofa HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 S 5 Sea bio fa mat or Hi (panic a . Spaniih Scabious. 11 Scabioja omnium minima . Shcepes Scabious. 10 S t aI 10fi peregrin to Strange Scabious. 12 Scahioja minima Hirfnta. Hairie (heepes Scabious. H the 5 8S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The defeription. $ The ninth kind of Scabious is like vnto themountaine Scabious,butiowcr and fmal!er,hauing fundrie large & broad leaues next the ground, fnipt confufedly & out of order at the edo e s like the Gken leafe ; among which rifcch vp a Idem two cubits high,diuiding it felfe intofundry other bran, ches. The flowers are let at the top of the naked ftalkes, of a whitifh colour ; which beinp paft, the feede appeereth like a tuft of final! bucklers, round, andfomewhat hollow within, and made as it were of parchment, very ftrange to beholde : and within the bucklers there are fundry fmall croflfes of blacke fattened to the bottome, as it were the needle in a diall, running vpon the point of a needle. The plant dieth at "the beginning of winter, and muft be fovven in April!, in good and fertill ground. 10 The tenth is like vnto the laft before mentioned, in ftalkes, roote, and flowers, and diifereth in that, that this plant hath leaues altogither without any cuts or iagges about the edges, but is fmooth and plainelike the leaues of Marigolds, or Diuels bit. 11 Sheepes Scabious hath fmall and tender branches trailing vpon the grounde, whereupon do' growe fmall leaues very finely iagged or minced euen to the middle ribbe, of an ouerworne colour. The flowers growe at the top of a blewifh colour, confifting of much thrummie matter, hard thruft togither like a button: the roote is fmall and crecpeth in the grounde. 12 The other Sheepes Scabious ditfereth not but in the hairicnefle ofleaues,otherwife alike. & The place. Theft: kindes of Scabious doe growe in paftures, medowes, corne fieldes, and barren fandie grounds almcft euery where. The ftrange forts do growe in my garden,yet are they ftrangers in England. ie The time. They flower and flourifh in the fommer moneths. Vt The names. Scabious,is commonly called Scabiofa,d\uo.vs thinke it is named 4^ which fignifieth a fcabbe, and a certaine herbe fo called by \^T'etim . I do not knowe, faith Hermolam Bar bar us, whether it be Scabious which Aetius doth call Pfira^ thefmackeof which being burnt doth kill cankers or littk; wormes. The author of the Pandects doth interpret ScabiofaXo be Diofcorides his Stcebe ; Dtofcori - des deferibeth Stcebehy no markes at all,being commonly knowne in his time; and Galen in his firft booke of ^Antidotes faith thus: I here is founde amongft vs a certaine fhfubby herbe, hot, verie fharpe and biting, hauing a little kinde of aromaticallor fpicie fmell, which the inhabitants do call Colymbade^ and lingular good to keepe and preferue wine: bflt it ftemeth that this Stcebe doth differ from that,ofwhich he hath made mention in his booke of the faculties of medicines, which agreeth with that of Diofcorides: for he writeth that this is of a binding qualitie without biting: fo that it cannot be very fharpe. & The temperature. Scabious is hot and drie in the latter end of the fecond degree, or neere hande in the thirde, and of thinne and fubtileparts: itcutteth, attenuateth, ormakerh thinne, andthorowlyconcoð tough and grofie humours. •frThevertues. Pl Scabious fcoureth the cheft and lungs,it is good againft an old cough,flhortnes of breath, paine in the fides,and fuch like infirmities of the cheft. B The fame prouoketh vrinc,and purgeth now and then rotten matter by the bladder, which hap- neth when an impofteme hath fome where lien within the bodie. q It is reported that it curcth ftabs,if the decodion thereof be drunke certaine daics,andthc iuice vied in ointments. j) The later Herbarifts do alfoaffirme that it is a remedie againft the bitings of Serpents and Han¬ gings ofvenemous beafts,being outwardly applied or inwardly taken. £ The iuice being drunke procureth fweate, efpecially with Treacle; and it fpeedily confumeth plague fores,if it be giuen in time,and foorthwith at the beginning: blit it muft be vied often. p It is thought to be forceable,and that againft all peftilent fetiers. Of HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 587 Of Diuels bit. Cbap.ripj. »s;v; c MorftuDUbolu Diuelsbit. ft The definition . D iuelsbithathfmall vpright ronnde flalkes of a cubite high,befet with long leaiies fomewhat broade , very little or nothing fnipt about the edges, fomewhat hairie and euen. The flowers are of a darke purple colour, fafhio- ned like the flowers of Scabious,which being ripe are caried awav with the winde.The root is black, ✓ thicke,harde,& fhort,with many threddie firings faftned thereto. The great part of theroote fee- meth to be bitten away; old fantafticke charmers report, that the dine 11 did bite it for enuie, bicaufe it is an herbe that hath fo many good vertues, and is fo berieficiall to mankinde. „ ft The place. Diuels bit groweth in drie medowes &; woods, and about waies fides. I haue founde great (lore of it growing in Hampfteede woode neere Lon¬ don, at Lee in Effex, and at Raleigh in Eflex, in a woode called Hammered, and fundric other pla¬ ces. ft The time.' It flowreth in Auguft,and is harde to be known from Scabious,fauing when it flowreth. ft The names. It is commonly called Alorfas Diabolic or Diuels bit, of the root(as it feemeth)that is bitten off.For the fuperftitio'us people hold opinion,that the diuell for the enuie that he beareth to mankind bit it off, bicaufe it woulde be.otherwife good for maqy vfesrit is called of Fitch fins Sued fa: in high. CcufifekS afcfctTf % in lowe Dutch 0tiiu0ll£$ * hi French MorsduDiable: in Englifh Dmels bit, and Fore bit. ... ftThe temperature, ; . . Diuels bit is fomethipg bitter,and of a ho| and drie temperature,and that in the latter end of the fecond degree. . ft The^veitues. . ■ There is no better thing againfl old fwellings of the almonds,and vpper parts of the throte that j\ be hardly ripened. , — Itclenfeth away (Iimie flegme thaoilicketh in the iawes,itdigeReth andconfumethit: and it g quicklie taketh away the fwellings in thofe partes, if the decodion thereof be often helde in the mouth and gargarized, efpecially if a little quantise of Mel Kofinim , or honie of Rofes be put into it. , ’ It is reported to be, good for allthe inrirmities that Scabious ferueth for, and to be of nolefle Q force againfl; the Ringings of venemous b.ea.Rs,poifons,and peflTtent difeafes, and to confume and wafte away plague foreseeing Ramped and laide vpon them. p And aifoto mitigate the paines of the matrix or mother, and to driue foorth winde if the decoc- J) tion thereof oe drunke, , f > * • - * ■ / V ! L" ' 7-' ■ - * * ’ nnc r $88 THE SECOND BOQKE OF THE N Of z5Matfellon>or Knapweede. Cbap.z^S. ; I lace* nigra. BlackeMatfcllon. ^ The defcrzption. 2 ^ X Atfellon or blacke Knapweede, is doubtlefte a kinde of Scabious, as all the others are,in- I Y I tituled with the name of Iacer, yet for diftin&ion,I haue thought good tofet them down in a feuerall chapter,beginning with that kinde which is called inEnglifh Knapwecde, and Mitfel!on,or Materfilon. It hath long and narrovve leaues,ofa blackifh greene colour,in fhape like Diuels bit, but longer, fet vpon ftalkes two cubits high, fomewhat bluntly cut or fhipt about the edges: the flowers do grow at the top of the ftalks,being firft fmall fcaly knops,like to the knops ofComeflower,orblewbottles,but greater, outof the midft thereof groweth a purple thrummie or threddie flower. The roote is thicke and Ihort. a The great Knapweede is very like vnto the former, but that the whole plant is much greater, the leaues bigger and more deepcly cut,euen to the middle rib: the flowers come foorth of fuch like fcaly heads, of an excellent faire purple colour,and much greater. 3 The thirde kinde of Matfellon,or Knapweede, is very like vnto the former great Knapweed Ia.fl before mentioned,failing that the flowers of this plant are of an excellent faire yellowe colour,pro¬ ceeding foorth of a fcaly head or knop, befet with mo ft fharpe prickes, not to be touched without hurt ;the flower is of a pleafingfmell and very fweete ;the roote is long and lafting, and crecpeth farre abroad,by meancs whereof it greatly increafeth. 4 Themountaine Knapweede of Narbone in Fraunce,hath a ftrong ftemme, of two cubits high, and is vcrie plentiful! about Couentrie among the hedges and bufhes: the leaues are very much lagged, in forme of Lonchitis } or Spleene ivoort j the flowers are like the reft of the Knapweeds, of a purple colour. 3 lace* 3 HIST OKIE OF la.ce a nuior lute a. YelloweKnapwced. PLANTS. 4 Licea.mcnta.nA. Moimtaine Knapweed. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The defer ip ticn. 5 The white Rowed Knapweed is like vnto the great lacea in Jeaues, ftalkes, and rootes: the flo* wers of this plant are of a white colour 3 which lettethfoorth the difference. 6 The tuberous or knobbie Knapweed being fet foorth by Taber Mont anus , and is a ftranger in thefe parts, hath many Ieauesfpreadvpon the grounde, roughs deepely gafhtor hack about the edgeSjlikc thofeof Sowthiftle: among which rifeth vp a ftraight ftalke, diuiding it felfe into other braunches,whereon do grovve the like leaues,but fmaller; the knappie flowers ftande on the top of the branches,ofa bright red colour,in fhape like the other Knapweedes.The roote is great, thicke, and tuberous, confifting.of many cloggie parcelsfike thole of the Afphodill. it l'he place. The two firft growe commoly in euerie fertill pafture,the reft growe in my garden. it T he time. They flower in lone and Xulie, it The names. The later age doth call it lacea nigra, putting mgr a for a difference between it and the Harts eafe, orPauncie, which islikewile called Iacea: it is alfo called Materf lion, and LMatrcfillon , of a cor¬ rupted word as it feemeth: in Englifh MatfelIon,Bulweede,and Knapweed. it The temperature and verities. Thefc plants are of the nature of Scabious, whereof they bekindes, therefore their faculties are like,although not lo proper to phifickes vie. A They be commended againft the (welling of the Vuula } as is Diuels bit, but oflefte force and vertue: many fantafticall and foolilh old wines tales haue beene reported by fome of the ancients, which vve commit to obliuion. Chap.zi,9< l Stcebe argents a maior. Great filuer Knapweed. 2 Stcebe Argentea minor. Little filuer Knapweed. i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5$>t v 1 »-|H He great (Iluer Knapweed hath at his firft comming vp diners leaues fpred vpon the I groundc, of a deepe grecne colour, cut and iagged as are the other Knapweeds, ftraked “*■ heere and there with fame (Iluer lines downc the fame,whereof it tooke his furname,ofr- gentea : among which leaues rileth vp a ftraight ftalkc, of the height of a cubite, fomewhat ro-gh and brittle jdiuiding it (elfctowarde the top into other twiggie branches, on the tops whereof doe grow flowers fet in Italy headcs or knaps like the other Matfellons, of a gallant purple colour, con¬ fiding of a number ofthreds or thrums thicke thruft togither ; after which the feedes appeere, (lip- perie,fmooth at one end,and bearded with blacke haires at the other end, which maketh it to leaps and skip away when a man doth but lightly touch it.Thc roote is fmall, (ingle, anaperifheth when the (eede is ripe. 2 Thefecondagreethvviththefirftinecherefpe<ft, (ailing that the leaues heereof are more iag¬ ged, and the (Iluer lines or drakes are greater and moein number, wherein confifteth the diffe¬ rence. The place, Thefe do growcofthemfelues in fieldcsnecre common high waies, and in vntilled places, but they are (dangers inEngland,neuerthelefte I haue them in my garden. ft The time . They fpring vp in Aprill,they flower in Auguft,and the feede is ripe in September. k 7 he names. Silucr Knapweed is Called of Lobelias Stcebe jalamantica , of Dodonaut Kstyhyllanthes, that is, without leaues, for the flowers confift onelv of a number of threddes without any leaues at all: in Englifh (iluer Knapweed,or (iluer Scabious,whereofdoubtles they be kindes. k The temperature and vertues. The faculties ofthefeMatfellonsarenotas yetfoundeout, neither are they vied for meate or A medicine. Of blewe TSbttlefor Come flower. Qbap. 24 .©* \ k The kindes, T Here be diuers forts of blew Bottles, differing onely in the colour of the flowers, as £h all be fhewed. k The defeription. 1 hr< He great blcwe Bottle hath long lcaues,fmooth/oft, downic, and fharpe pointed: among I the leaues rife vp crooked, weake, and feeblebraunches, chamfered, furrowed,and garni- fhed with fuch leaues as are next the ground: on the tops whereof ftande faire blewe flo¬ wers tending to purple,confifting of diuers little flowers, fet in a fcaley huske or knap like thofe of the Knapweeds; the feed is rough or bearded at one end,fmooth at the other and fhining.The root is tough, and long lafting(contrarie to the reft of theCorne flowers) and increafeth yeerely into newe fhootes and fprings,whereby it greatly increafeth. 2 The common Corne flower hath leaues fpred vpon the ground, of a whitifh grene colour ,fom- what hackt or cut in the edges like thofe of Corne Scabious: among which rifeth vp a ftalk diuided into diuers (mall braunches, whereon do grovve long leaues, of an ouerworne greene colour, with fewe cuts or none at all. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalks,of a blewe colour, confifting of many fmall flowers fet in a fcaley or chaffie head,like thofe of the Knapweeds : the feede is fmooth, bright fhining,and wrapped in a wooley or floekie matter.The roote is (mall and (Ingle,and perifh- eth when it hath perfected his feed; i Cyanm • * 5 S>£ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Cymmwmior, Great blewe Bottle. 2 Cyxnm vulgaris. Common blewe Bottle. 3 Cya nm purpurea. Purple Come flower. 2 Cyanus albas. White Corne flower. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ' jjpj 7 7 l ‘7 '&Tbedcfcription. ,r i' )1 GU % i ‘ 1 > ’ O . ' J ■ i # -. x • % 5 This Bottle is like thelaft defcribed in eche relped/auing in the colour of the flowers ,which are )f a purple colour,wherein confifteth the difference. The fourth bottle is alfo like the precedent,not differing in any point but in the flowers, for as :hc laft before mentioned are of a purple colour: contrariwife thefe are of a milke white colour, vhichfetteth foorth the difference. 5 CyAntis Fiolaccui. 6 Cyatuu VariegdtA. Violet colourde Bottle. Variable Come flower. Thedtfcription. The violet coloured Bottle or Corne flower, is like the precedent, in ftalkes, Ieaues, fcedes,and ootes. The onely difference is, that this bringeth foorth flowers of a violet colour, and the others otfo. - . .' - Variable Corne flower is fo like the others, in ftalkes,leaues,and proportion, that it cannot be iftinguiftVed with wordes, onely the flowers heerqof are of two colours mixed togither, that is, urple and white, wherein it aiffereth from the reft. There is no difference to be fou^de in the. Ieaues^ ftalkes, feede, or rootes of this Corne ower from the other, but onely that the flowers hdereof are of a faire blevve colour and veric ouble. - . ' -V.v\v The jelght Corne flower is like the precedent, without any difference at all, failing in the alour of the flowers v the which are of a bright purple colour, that fetteth foorth the diffe- mce, ■ L, t ■[ |* La Pp I 7 Cymm m y Cyanm earuleKsmultiflorua. Double blewe Bottles. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE S Cyanuspurpuretesmultiflorm . Double purple Bottles. ie The place* The firft growetli in my garden,and in the gardens of Hcrbarifls, but not wilde that I Inoweot The others growe in Come fieldes among Wheate,Rie, Barley, and othergraine: it isfowenm gardens, which by cunning looking to, doth oftentimes become of other colours, and lomcalic <double,which hath beene touched in their feuerall titles. * The time. They bring foorth their {lowers from the beginning of Maie vnto the end of harueft. if The names. The oide Herbarifts called it Cyanm fas, of the blewe colour which it naturally hath: molt of the later fort folowing the common Germaine name, call it Flos Frumentorum^ forthe Germains name it COW fclumetU in lowe Dutch CO^ttblOCmen: in French Blaueole, and Bluet: in Italian Fior Campefe ,and Bladiferis , ideH Seris Blade y Barbara voce ,and Battifecula ,or Baptifecula ,as though it fhould be called Blaptifecula bicaufe ithindereth and annoieth the reapers By dulling and turning the edges of their Tickles in reaping of corne fin Englilh it is called blewe Bottle, blewe blow,Gome flower^ and hurt fickle. flower* ana nurt nciue* r .-»- f ieThe temperature andvertues. . D ,. \ The faculties of theft flowers are not yet fufficiently kriowen. Sith there is no yfc of them inF r ficke, we will leauc the reft that might be faidtoa further confideration: Notwithftandmg lome haue thought the common Blew bottle to be of temperature fomething colde, and therfou go againfl the inflammations of the eies,as diuers do thinke. Of (joates beard, or (jo to bed atnoone* Qoap*z^\. I Oates beard or Go to bedde atnolnc flmh hol'low ftalkes, fmooth, and of a whmfh greene colour, whereupon do grow long leaues crefted downe the middle with a we in^ ribbe 3 fharpe pointed,yeelding a milkic iuice when it is broken, in fhape like thole ot^ r HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS- 5P5 [ickc: frcgr \ thcbofomc of which leaues, thruft foorth final! tender ftalkes fet with the like leaues, butlefier, The flowers grow at the top Oi r thc ftalkes confiftingofa number of purple leaues,dafht auer as it vvere with a little yellowe drift , let about with nine or ten fharpe pointed greene leaues; the whole flower refembleth aftarre when it isfpred abroadc: for it iTuittcth it fclle attwelucof :heclocke,and fheweth not his face open vntill the next daics furine do make it flower anew, wher¬ eon it was called Go to bed at noone, when thefe flowers become to their full maturitie and ripe- iefle,it groweth into a downic blovvd ball likethofe of Dandelion, that is caried avvaie with the vindc. The feede is long, hauing at the ende one peece of that downie matter hanging at it. Tire oote is long and Angle,with fome fewc threds thereto annexed, which perifheth when it hath per- : e<ftedhisfeede,yee!dingmuchcfuantitieof amilkiciuice when it is cut or broken, as doth ail the •eft of the plant, and perifheth when the feede is ripe. \ The yellowe Goates beard hath the like leaues,ftalkes,rootc, feede and downie blow bais,that :hc other hath, andalfo yceldeth like quantitie or’ milke, infomuch that if the pilling while it 5 greene be pulled from the ftalkes,the milkie iuice followeth ; but when it hath there remained a ittlc while,it waxeth yellowe. The flowers heereof are of a golde yellow colour^ and hath no fuch greene leaues to garnifh it vvithall,wherein confifteth the difference. k The deferittion. i ^-jyft^all fort of Goates beardc,or Go to bed at noone,hath athickerootefullofa milkie lap, .rom w ncn rue vp many leaues Ipread vpon the grounds,very long,narrowe, thinne, and like vnto , 0 g ra Ae,but thicker and groffer .- among which rife vp {lender ftalks,on the tops whereof do ^an e aire double yellowe flowers like the precedent, but lefl’er.The whole plant yeeldeth a milkie apor juice as the others do: it perifheth like as the other, whe n it hathperfetfed his feede. P p 2 Trago- 5 9 $ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Trayopopon min m. Little Goates beard. $ The pit ace. The fir ft groweth notwilde in England that I collide euer fee or heare of, except in Lancafnire vpon the bankes of thcriner Chalder, ncerevnto my Ladie Hesketh hir houfe , two miles from Whawley: itisfowen in gardens for the beautie of the flowers, almoft euery where. The others growe in medowes and fercill paftures in moll places of England, It groweth plentifully in mofi: of the fieldes about London, as atlflington, the medowes by Redreffe, Dctforde, and in the me¬ dowes neere vnto Putney and diners other places. i- The time. They flower and flourifh from the beginning of lime to the ende of Aiiguft. ie The names. Goates bearde is called inGreekeTr^OT^w in Latine Barba Hirci , & aifo Coma : in high Dutch 'Bocrbaertt in low Dutch Jofepfje# htoemetu in French Bar be de bone, and Safify: in Italian Safe - frica: in Spanifh Barba CabrunaH nEnglifh Goats beard Jofephs flower, Star of Ierufalem,Noonc> tide, and Go to bed at noone. *k The temperature . Thefe herbes are temperate between heat and moifhire. & The njertues. Therootesof Goates bearde boiled in wine and drunke , aflwageth the paine and pricking flit¬ ches of the hides. Thefame boiled in water vntill they be tender, and buttered as Parfneps and Carrots are a moftpleafant tneateand wholfome, in delicate tafte farre furpafling either Parfliep or Carrot, which meate procureth appetite, warmeth the flomacke, preuaileth greatly in confumptions, and ftrengthneth thole that haue beene fleke of a long lingring difeafe. OfVipersgrajje. Qhap .24,2. The kindes. T Here be diuers forts of plants conteined vnderthe tide of Viper aria , Scorzonera , or Vipers grafife^asfnallbefbewed. \ : ' |p & The defeription. i He firft of the Viper grafts, hath long broade leaues, fat, or full bodied, vneeuen about 1 the edgeSgfhsrpe pointed,with a high fivolne rib downe the middle, and of an ouerwornc colour,tending to the colour of Woade: among which rileth vp a fliffe ftalke, fmooth and plaine,of two cubits high, wherpn do grow fuch leaues as thofe next the ground. The flowers ftande on the top of the ftalkes, confiding of many imall yellow leaues thicke thriift togither, verie double, as are thofe of Goates beard, whereofit is akinde, as are all the reft that doe follow in this prefent chapter ;the roote is long, thicke, veiie britde, continueth many yeeres yeelding great in- creafe of roots, blacke without, white within,and yeeldeth amilkie iuice, as do the leaues alfo,like vnto die Goates beardes. 2 The dwattfe Vipers grade differeth not from the precedent, failing that it is altogether lefler, wherein efpecially confuted! the difference. ’ ~ I Viper aria HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 P? I Viper aria f/ue S cor zon era. Common Vipers grafle. 3 Viper aria Hifpanica. Spanidi Vipers grafle. 2 Viper aria, humilis. DwarfFe Vipers grafle. 4 Viper art a Hifpanica hmnilis. DwarfFe Spanifti Vipers grafle. # The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ie The dejeription. 3 The Spanifh Vipers grade hath broadc Ieaues fharpe pointed, vneuen about the edges, of a blewifli preene colour: the ftaike rifeth vp to the height of two cubits; on the top whereof doe ftande faire yellowe flowers, very double,greater and broader then any of the reft, of a reafonable pood finell. The feede followeth long and fharpe, like vnto thofe of Goates bearde. The roote is thicke,long,and full of a milkic iuice,as are the Ieaues alfo. 4 The dwarffe Vipers grafle hath a great, thicke, fat roote, full of milkie fappe; the vpper part whereof is fringed or bearded with many hairic threds: from which fpring vp diuers long broadc Ieaues ribbed with flue nerues or ribbes,like thofe ofPlantaine or Ribwoort ;the ftaike groweth to the height of a foote, on the top whereof ftande double yellowe flowers like the former. 5 Piper ark Parinonica. _ Hungarie Vipers grafle. 6 Piper aria P annonica angttjlifolia. Narrow leafed Vipers grade. The dejeription. » 5 The broadc leafed Vipers grade of Hungarie, hath a thieke fat roote like vnto the other of his kindejthe (hikes and flowers are alfo like 5 the Ieaues are long,(mooth,and fhining, crumpled, and verie vneuen in the edges, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference. 6 The narrowe leafed Hungarie Vipers grafle, hath long Ieaues like vnto thofe of Goates beard, but longer and narrower,among which rifeth vp a (lender hollowe (hlke,ftifFe and fmooth, on the top whereof doe ftande faire double flowers of afaireblewe colour tending to purple, in fhape like the other of his kinde, of a pleafant fweete fmell, like thcfmellof fweeteballesmadeof Ben- z,ozn. The feede is conteined in fmall cups like thofe of Goates beard, wrapped in a downie matter that is cariedaway with the winde. The roote is not fo thicke nor long as the others', veryfingle, bearded at the top,with certaine hairie thrums yeelding a milkie iuice of a refinous tafte,and fome- whatfharpe withall. It indureth the winter cuen as the others do. - it The 5 99 historic of plants. •ft The place. Mo ft of thcfc are ftrangers in England. The two Arft defcribed do growc in my garden. The reft ire touched in their feuerall titles. ft The time. They flower and flourifh from May to the end of Itilie. ii Th: names. Vipers grafle is called of the Spaniards Scorzonera , which foundeth in Latine Viperaria, or Vipe- yina-pt Serpent aria, fo called bicaufe it is accounted to be offeree an J efficacie againft the ponons of Vipers andferpents , for Ft per a or a viper is called in Spanifh Scurzo: it hath no name either in the high or lowe Dutch,nor in any other more then hath beene faide that I can read: in Englifh we may call it Scorzoner after the Spanifh name 3 or Vipers grafle. & 7 he temperature. They are hot and moift as are the Goates beards. # The vertues. It is reported bythofeof great iudgement, that Vipers grafle is moil excellentagainft the A infections of the plague,and all poifons of venemous beafts,and efpecially to cure the bitings ofvi- pers 3 (ofwhich there be very many inSpaine and other hot countries, yet haue I hearde that they haue^ecnefeene inEngland)if theiuice of the rootc orherbe be drunke. It helperh the infirmities of the hart 3 and fuch as vfe to fwoune much 3 it cureth alfo them that B haue the falling ficknefle,and fuch as are troubled with giddinefle of the head. The roote being eaten,either rofted in embers, fodden or rawe 3 doth make a man merrie, and re- q mooueth all forrow. The rootes condited with fugar,as are the rootes of Eringos and fuch likc.worke the like effedes: D but more familiarly being thus drefled. Of <£\£arigoldes. Chap.zff. rkThe kindes. T Here be diners forts of Marigolds, differing in many notable points, fome are great and verie doublejfome finaller 5 and yet double; fome of the garden likewife and Angle, although it was fowen of double feed,folifteth nature to plaie with hir little ones; others wiide, or of theneld,and fome of the’water, which fhall be diftinguifhed in feuerall chapters. • . •fy The description. I He greateft doubleMarigoId hath many largc,fat,broade Ieaues, fpringing immediately 1 from a fibrous or threddie roote; the vpper Ad'es of the Ieaues are of a deepe greene,and the lower fide of a more light or thining greener among which rife vppe ftalkes fomewhat hairic,and alfo fomewhat iointed,and full of a fpungious pith. The flowers in the top are beautifull, roundc, verie large and double, fomethingfweete, withacertaine ftrong finell, of a light faffron colour ,or like pure golde: from the which follovve a number of long crooked feedes, efpecially the outmoft, or thofe that ftande about the edges of the flower, which being fowen commonly bring foorth Angle flowers pvher.eas contrariwife thofe feedes in the middle are lefler, and for the moil part bring foorth fuch flowers as that was from whence it was taken. 2 The common double Marigolde hath manie fat, thicke, crumpled Ieaues fet vpon a grc-fle and fpungious ftalke: whereupon do growe faire double yellowe flowers, hailing for the moft part in the middle a bunch of threddes thicke thruft togither, which being paft there fucceede fuch crooked feedes as the Arft defcribed. The roote is thicke and harde, with fome threds annexed thereto. --- -- Pp4 I Calendula 6co THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Calendula multi fiord maxima. The greateft double Marigold. t Calendula maiorpolyanthes. The greater double Marigold. 3 Calendula minorpolyanthes. The Imaller double Marigold. 4 Calendula multiflora orhiculata. Double Globe Marigolde. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. <?oi ^ The definition, 3 The fmaller or finer leafed double Marigolde grovveth vpright, hauing for the moft part one ftem or fat fpungious ftalke,garnifhed with fmooth and fatleaues confufedly. The flowers grow at the top of the fmall branches, verie double, but letter then the other, confiding of a more finer iag- gednette,and of a faire yellowe gold colour; the roote is like the precedent. 4 The Globe flowring Marigold hath many large broade Ieaues, riling immediately foorth of the grounde: among which rileth vp a ftalke of the height of a cubite, diuiding it felfe towarde the top into other fmaller branches, fetor garnifhed with the like Ieaues, but confufedly or without order. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalks verie double j the fmall Ieaues whereof arc let in comely order by certaine rankes or rowes, as fundrie lines are in a globe,trauerfing the whole coin- pafle-of the fame,whereupon it tooke the name Orbiculata, 5 Calendula poly ant ho s mclina. Straw coloured double Marigold. 6 Calendula fimplicifiore. Single Marigold. t- The defeription, 5 The fift fort of double Marigold differeth not from the laft defcribed,fauing in the colour of the flowers, for this plant bringeth foorth flowers of a ftrawe or light yellow colour, and the others not fo,wherein confifteth the difference. 6 1 he Marigold with Single flowers differeth not from thofe with double flowers, but in that it confifteth of fewer Ieaues which we terme Single,that makech the difference. 7 Calendula 6 0 i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The definition. y This fruitfull or much bearing Marigolde, is likewifo called of the vulgar fort of women lacks an apes a horfo backe.-it hath leaues,ftalkes and rootes like the common fort of Marigolde,differing in the fhape of his flowers, fbrthisplant doth bring foorth atthetopoftheftalke one flower like the other Marigoldes, from the which ftart foorth fondrie other (mall flowers, yellowe likewifo, andofthefamefafhion, as the firft, which if I be not deceiucd commeth to pafie^fr accident 3 or bychaunce, as nature oftentimes liketh toplaiewith other flowers,or as children are borne with two thumbes on one hand, and foch like, which lining to be men do get children like vnto others; euenfoof the feede of this Marigold, which if it be fowen ,it bringeth foorth notone flower in a thoufandjike the plant from whence it was taken. 8 TheodierfmitfuIlMarigoldjisdoubtlefleadegeneratekinde, comming by chance fromthe feede of the double Marigolde,whereas for the moil part the other commeth of the feede of Angle flowers,wherein confifleth the difference. $ The Alpifhor mountaine Marigolde, which IlObelim fetteth downefor NardusCeltica , or 'Plantago Albina alfocailedbv Taber Montana* Calt ha, or Calendula Alfilna ; and bicaufo I lee, it rather refembleth a Marigolde then any other plant,I haue not thought it amifie to infert it in this place, leaning the consideration thereof vnto the friendly Reader, or to a further conflderation, bicaufc it is a plant that I am not well acquainted withall, yet I do reade that it hath a thicke roote, growing a dope vnder the vpper cruft of the earth,qf an aromaticall or fpicietafte, &fomwhat bi- ting,with many threddie firings annexed thereto: from which rile vp broade, thicke, and rough le^iiesjofan ouprvvorne greene colour, not vnlike vnto thole of Plantaine: among which there ri- feth vp a rough and tender ftalke,fot with the like leaues ,op the top whereof commeth foorth a (in¬ gle yellow flower paled about the edges with (mail leaues of a light yellow,tending to a ftravve co-, lour; the middle of the flower is compofod of a bundle of threds, thicke thrufi togipher,fuch as is in the middle of the ficldc Daifie, of a deepe yellowe colour. - : - ' • ' io The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. <5oj jo The vvilde Marigold is like vntotheiingle garden Marigold 3 butaltogitheiTefler 3 & the whole plant perifheth at the firft approch of winter, and recoucreth it felfe againe by falling of the feeder $ Calendula alpina. io Calendula aruenjis . Mountaine Marigold. Wilde Marigold. # The place. Thefe Marigolds vvith double (lowers efpecially, are fet and fowen in gardens 5 the others,theit titles do fet foorth their naturall being. •fr The time. The Marigold (lowreth from Aprill or Maie, euen vntill winter,and in winter al fo if it be warme. ie 7 he names. The Marigolde is called Calendula : it is to be (eene to flower in the Calends almoftof euerie moneth: it is al fo called Chryfanthemum^ of his golen colour 3 offome Caltha , and Cait ha Poet arum 5 whereof Columella and Virgill&o write 3 faying: that Caltha is a flower of yellow colour 3 whereof Vir* gill in his Bucolicks 3 the fecond Egloge 3 writeth thus : Mollia Luteola ptngit vacinia Caltha. The wench trms vp her gariand with yellow Marigold, And purple Violets moll delightfulltobdhold. Columella alfo in his 1 o.booke of gardens hath thele words: Candida Leucota d rjlauentia Lumtna Caltha. Stockgilliflowers exceeding white. And Marigolds mod yelldw bright. It is thought to be Gromphena Pliny : in Dutch ©OUDt blOUtlCU: in high Dutch BDglChUd mCU tin French Soujii & Goude: in Italian Fior dogmmcf: ; in Englifh Marigolds andRuddes. S' The temperature andvertues. The flower of the Marigolde is of temperature hor 3 aImoft in the fecond degree,efpecial’v when A it is drie: it is thought to (Irengthen & comfort the hart, & to withftand poifon, as affo to be good againft peftilent agues 3 being taken any waie : Puchfim hath written 5 that beingdrunke vvith wine 5 it bringeth downe the termes, & that the fume thereof expelleth the fecohdine or afterbirth. But 604 the second booke of the B But the leaues of the herbe are hotter/or there is in them a ccrtaine biting: but by reafbn of the moiflure ioined with it, it doth not by and by fhewe it felfe,by meanes of which moifture they niol- lifie the bellie,and procure Iblubleneffe if it be vied as a potherbe. C Fuchfm writcthjthat if the mouth be wafhed with the iuice,it helpeth the toothach. D The flowers and leaues ofMarigolds being diftilled and the water dropped into red and waterie eies, ceafeth the inflammation, and taketh away the paine. E Conferue made of the flowers and fugar taken in the morning faffing, cureth the trembling of the hart, and is alfo giuen in time of plague or peftilence,or corruption of the aire. B The yellow leaues of the flowers are dried,and kept throughout Dutchlandagainfl winter,toput into brothes,in Phificall potions,and for diners other purpoles^in fuch quantitie that in fome Gro¬ cers or Seilers of fpices houfcs, are to be found barrels filled with them, and retailed by thepennie more or Idle,in fo much that no brothes are well made without dried Marigolds. - Of Germaine ^Tvlarigolds. Chap.z zj.3. ft The defcrfytion. 1 Olden Marigold with the broad leafe doth foorthwith bring from theroote long leaues fpredvpon the grounde,broad, greene, fomething rough inthevpperpart, vnderneath finooth,and of a light greene colour: among which fpring vp flender ftalks a cubitehigh, lomething hoarie, hauing three or fower ioints, out of euery one whereof grow two leaues, let one right againff another,and oftentimes little flender ffems, on the tops whereof ffande broad round flowers like thofe of Oxcie, or the corne Marigolde , hauing arounde ball in the middle ( fuch as is in the middle of thole of Camomill)bordered about with a pale of bright vellow leaues.The whole * flower HI STORIE OF PLANTS. £05 flower turncth into downe that is caried away with the winde, among which ddwne is founde long blackifh fecdc. The rootc confifteth of threddie firings. ^ The leffer fort hath fovver or fine leaues fpred vpon the groimde like vnto thofe laft defcribedj but altogither lefier and fhortenamong which rifeth vp a fieri der ftalke two hands high., on the top whereof Hand fuch flowers as theprecedent 3 but fairer and greater. The place. They be founde euery where in vntilled places of Germanic 3 and in woodes, blit are firangcrs iii England. # The time. They are to be feene with their flowers in Iune 3 in the gardens of the low countries. •fy The names. GoldenMaiigoldeiscalledinhighDutch(il^|.aitJfb!umf. There are that woulde hatie it to be i^dlijma Diofcoridis , which is allb called Damafonmm, but vnproperly $ therefore we muft rather call it cbryfmthemum lot folium y then rafhly attribute vnto it the name of Alifma. •ft The temperature and 'verities. Touching the faculties heereof,there is nothing certaine. Of corne ?f\£drigolct. Chap.z ^4., I chryfanthemum fegeiwn . Come Marigold. 2 Chryfanthemum Valentinum „ Corne Marigold of Valentia. & The defription. 1 (~^ ^ niC ^ ari § oWc or g° Wen Corne fiower 3 hath a foft ftalke 3 hollow 3 and of a ^reene colour, V_> whereu F°n doe growe great leaues, very much hackt and cut into diners fedions, like an • c feather jConfufedly or out oforder placed.-vpon the top of the branches do ftande iaire Starlike flowers 3 yellowe in the middlejand likewife the pale or border of leaues that compafie the < PQ 606 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE the foftball in the middle like that in the middle of Camomill flowers, of a rcalcnabie pleafaunt fmell.Thc rootes arc full of filings. 2 The golden flower of Valencia hath a thickefat ftalke,rough,vneuen, and lomewhat crooked, whereupon do grow long leaues,confifting of a long middle rib, with diners little fetherlike leaues let thereon without order. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalks,compoled of a yellow thrum- mie matter, fuch as is in the middle of the Camomill flowers, and is altogither like the come Mari- golde !aft deferibed, failing it doth want that border or pale of little leaues that do compaffe the ball or head,thc roote is thicke,tough, and difperleth it lelfe farre abroade. kThepiace. The firft groweth among corne,and where corne hath beene growing.-it is found in fome places with leaues more iagged,and in others iefte. The lecond is a ftranger in England. k The time. They flower in lulie and Auguft. & 7 he names, Thefe plants are called by one name in Greek,of the golden glittering colour in high Dutch 3 JO^att 3 Hunt t in lowe Dutch (UofeeJjJgK in Englilh Corne Marigold ; yeIlow Corne flovver,and golden Corne flower. There be diuers other flowers called Chryfanthemum alio,as Batrachicn ,a kindc ofyellow Crow- foote^Aeizchry/osflnd Heliochryfon^ but thefe golden flowers differ from them. k The temperature. They are thought to be of a meane temperature betweene heat and moifture. # The vertues. The ft alks and leaues of Corne Marigolde as Dtofcorides faith,are eaten as other potherbes are. The flowers mixed with waxe, oile, rofin, and frankencenfe ? andmadevp into a feare cloth, wafteth away colde and hardfwellings. q The herbe it felfe drunke, after the comming foorth of the bath of them that haue the yellowe iaundife, doth in fhort time make them well coloured. Of Oxeeie . Chap.z 4.5. k The deferiptioK. 1 >-■—* He plant which we haue called Buphthalmum^ or Oxe eie,hath (lender ftalks growing from I the rootes, three, fower, or more, a foote high or higher, about which be greene leaues finely iagged like to the leaues of Fenell, but much lefler: the flowers in the toppes of the ftalkes are great,much like to Marigolds, of a light yellowe colour, with yellowe threds in the mid¬ dle,after which commeth vp a little head or knap like to that of red mathes before delcribed,called o/i^jConfifting of many leedes let togither. The rootes arc {lender,and nothing but ftrings,likc to the rootes of blacke Ellebor, whereofit hath beene taken to be a kinde. 2 The Oxe eie,which is generally holden to be the true Buphthalmumfaxh many leaues fpred vp- on the grounde, of a light greene colour Iaide farre abroade like wings, confiftingofveriemany fine iags,let vpon a tender middle rib: among which Ipring vp diuers ftalks, ftilfe and brittle,on the top whereof doe growe faire yellowe leaues, fet about a head or ball of thrummie matter, fuch as is in the middle of Cammomill,like a border or pale. The roote is tough and thicke, with certaine firings faftned thereto. 3 The white Oxe eie,hath fmall vpn'ght ftalkes ofa foote high, whereon do growe long leaues, ccmpoled of diuers fmall leaues, and thofefnipt about the edges like the teeth of alawe. The flo¬ wers growe on the top of the ftalks,in lhape like thofe of the other Oxe eie; the middle part where¬ of is Jikewifemade of a yellowe fubftance, but the pale or border of little leaues, are exceeding white, like thofe of great Daifie, called Conjolida media <; vulnerarioruw . The roote is long,creeping alongft vnder the vpper cruft of the earth,whereby it greatly increafeth. 1 Buphthalmum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6oj l Buphtb/ilmumfiue Helleborui niger fcrulacew* Oxe eie. 5 'Buphthahnum album. White Oxe eie. 2 Buphthahnum verum . The right Oxe eie. k The place. The two firft growe of themfelues in Germany,, Bohemia,and in the gardens of the low countries; of the firft I haue a plant in my garden. The laft groweth in barren paftures andfieldes almofl cile¬ ry where. “ The time. They flower in Maieandlune. The laft in An- gun. k The names. Touching the naming of this plant the late wri¬ ters are of diners opinions; fome would haue it to be a kindeof Feratrum nigrum,blackcHellebor: other fome C0#y?//g<?,orBearefoote; and againe, others Sefamoides , and fome Elleborajtrum. But there be found two kinds of blacke Ellebor among the old writers, one with a leafe like vnto Laurell 3 with the fruite of Sejamum ; the other with a leafe, like that of the Plane tree, with the feed of baftard Saffron.Butitis mofteuident, that this Buphthal - r&w#,inEnglifh Oxe eie, which in this chapter we haue deferibed, doth agree with neither of thefe: what forme Confiligo or Bearefooteis of, we finds not among the old writers. Vlinie in his 2 £.booke, chapter 7. faith, that in his time it was founde in Marfi 3 and was a prelent remedie for the infirmitic of * <So8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE of thelungs’offwine,andofallkindeofcattell, though it were but drawne thorowe the eare. Colu¬ mella in his 6. booke,chap. 5.doth alfo faie, that in the mountaines called Marfi, there is verie great helpe for allkinde of cattell,2nd he telleth how and in what maner it muft be put into the eare; the rootes alfo of our Oxe eie are faide to cure certaine infirmities of cattcll , if they be put into the flit or bored eare :but it followe th not, that for the fame reafon it fhould be Conftltgo ; & it is an ordina- rie thing to finde out plants that are of alike force and qualitie: for Piinie doth teftifiein his 25. bookc 3 5. chapter 3 that the rootes alfo of blacke Ellebor can do the fame; it cureth (faith he) the cough in cattell 3 if it be drawne thorowe the eare 3 and taken out againe the next daie at the fame houre: which is likewife moft certaine byexperiments of the countrey men of our age jwhodoc cure the difeafes of their cattell with the rootes of common blacke Ellebor. The roots of white El- lebor alfo doc the like 3 as cytbfyrtm^ and after him Hi erodes^ doth write: who notwithftanding do not thruft the rootes of white Ellebor into the eare, but vnder the skin of the breft called the dew¬ lap ; after which maner alfo Vegetius Renatm doth vfe Confiligo , or Bearefoot,in his firft book of the curingof cattell, chapter i2.intitulcd 3 Of the cure of the infirmities vnder the skin: although in his thirde booke andlecond chapter. Be Cfrlalleo, hewriteth that they alio muft be faftned thorowe the eare. Which things do fumciently declare,that fundrie plants haue oftentimes like faculties:and tliat it doth not at all followe by the fame reafon, that our Oxe eie is Bearefoote, bicaufe it doth cure difeafes in cattell as well as Bearefoote doth. But if we mud coniedture by the faculties,Beare¬ foote fhali be white Ellebor: for Vegetim vfeth Bearefoote in the very fame manner that i^Abfyrtu* and Hierocles do vfe white Ellebor. This fufpition is made the greater, bicaufe itis thought that Be¬ get? m hath taken this maner of curing from the Grecians, for which caufe alio mod do take Beare¬ foote to be nothingelfebut white Ellebor: the which ifit be fo,then fhali this prefent Oxe eie much differ from Bearefoote; for it is nothing at all like to white Ellebor. And that the fame is not Sefamotdesg ithcr the firft or the fccond, it is better knowne then need* full to be confuted. This fame alfo is vnproperly called Helleborafirum , for that may aptly be called Helleborafirum , which hath the forme and likenefle of Hellebor: and this Oxe eie is nothing at all like to Ellebor. For all which caufes it feemeth that none of thefe names agree with this plant, but onely the name Buphthalmum: with whole defcriptionwhichisextantin Diofcor ides , this plant doth moft aptlic agree. We take it to be the right Oxe eie; for Oxe eie bringethfoorth {lender fbftftalkes, and hath ieaues of the likenefle or fimilitude of Fennell leaues:the flower is yellow,biggerthen that of Cam- momill,euen fuch an one is this prefent plant,which doth fo exquifttely exprefle that forme or like¬ nefle of Fennell leaucs, both in flendernefleand manifolde iaggednefle of the Ieaues, as no other little leafed herbe can do better; fb that without all doubt this plant feemeth to be the true & right Oxe eic. Oxe eie is called Cach/apt rather Caliba ; but Caltba is Calendula , or Marigolde, which we faid that our Oxe eie in flower did neereft reprefent. There are feme who would haue Buphthalmm or Oxe eie to be chryfanthewum , yellovve Cammomil^and fay that Diojcorides hath in fundry pla* ces,and by diners names intreated of this herbe; but if thofe men had fomewhat more diligently waied Dio/cor ides his words,they would haue beene of another minde: for although deferiptions of either of them do in many things agree,yet there is no propertie Wanting that may fhew the plants to differ. Theleauesof Chryfantbemum are faide to be diuided and cut into many fine iagges: and the Ieaues of Buphthalmum to belike the Ieaues of Fennell: for all things that are finely iagged and cut into many partes,haue the likenefte of the Ieaues of Fennell. Moreoner, Diofcorides faith , that Chryfantbemum doth bring foorth a flower much glittering, but hee telleth not that the flower of Buphthalmum, or Oxc eie is much glittering, neither doth the flower of that which we haue let down glitter,(o that it can or ought to be faide to glitter much* Do not thefe things declare a marti- feft difference hetweene BuphthalmumexuA chryfantbemum, and confirmethat which we haue fet down to be the true & right Oxc eie ? We are of that minde, let others thinke as they will: and they that would haue chryfanthemumyo heBuphthalmwn^ct them feeke out another if they denie this to be Oxe eie: for that which wc and others haue deferibed for chryfantbemum , cannot be the true Buphthalmum or Oxe eie; for the Ieaues of it are not like Fenell, fuch as thofe of the true Buphthal¬ mum ought to he. The temperature. But concerning the faculties ,Mathiolus faith, that all the Phifitions and Apothecaries in Bohe¬ mia, vfe the roots of this Oxe eie in fteed of thofe of blacke Ellebor, namely for difeafes in cattell: but he doth not affirme that the rootes heercof in medicines are fubftitutes, or quid pro quo', fat , - ' faith > HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 609 faith he,1 doe remember that I once fawc the rootes heereof in a fufficient biggc quantise put by certaine phifitions into decoctions , which were made to purge by fiepe , but they pur¬ ged no more then if they had not beene put in at all ; which thing malceth it moftrplaine, that it cannot be any of the Ellebors, although it hath beene vied to be faftned through theeares dF cattcll for certaine difea(es,& doth cure them as Ellebor doth. The rootes of Gentian do mighti- y open the orifices offiftulaes which be too narrow, lo do the roots oFAriflolochh , or Birth woort^ orBrionie, andpeecesof fpunges 3 which notwithstanding do much differ one from another in other operations: wherefore though the rootes of Oxeeiecan doc lomething like vnto blacke Ellebor 3 yet for all that 3 thev cannot petforrne all thole things that the fame can. We knowe that :hornes,fringes,Ip linters of woode, and fuch like bring painc, caule inflammations, drawe vnto> :hem humours from the parts neere adjoining,ifthey be faftned in any part of the bodie ;no part of :hc bodie is hurt without paine; the which is increaledif any thing be thruft through , or putinto :he wounde: peraduenture alfo if any other thing befide be put into the flit or bored eare,the fame :ffe< 5 t would followe 3 which hapned by the roote of this plant thruft in \ notwithftandtng we heere iffirme nothing, we onely make way for curious men to make more diligent fearch touching the operations heereof. k T he vertues. D/^r^/faith,thatthe flowers of Oxe eie made vpina fearecloth, doth allwage and wafte A twaie colde hard fwejlings: and it is reported that if they be drunke by and by after bathing, it ma~ ceth them in flhort time well coloured that haue beene troubledwith the yellowe iaundife. Of French Marigold\or Mfrican MarigoldChap . z/\.6, k The kindes. Hercbc extant at this day fiue forts of Turkie Gilloflowcrs or African Marigolds 5 feme with double flowcfcSjand other verie fingle,as (hall be declared. I Flos i^Aphrhanusmaior Poly.'inthos. 2 Flos -Aphvicantes m4ior multiflorm. The Ihialler double Africanc Marigold. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE £io # T ‘he description. 1 *~ir* He great double Africane Marigold hath a great, Iong,browne reddifh ftalkejCrefted/ur- I rowed,andf€mewhatknobbie,diuidingitfelfetowardthctopintootherbranches;wher- upon do grow leaucs compofed of many fmall Ieaues fet vpon a middle ribbe by couples, much like vnto the Ieaues of wilde Valerian, bearing at the top verie fairc Scbeautifull double yel¬ low flowers, greater and more double than the greateft Damaskc Rofe, of a ftrong fincll, but not vnpleafant. The flower being paft, there fucceedeth long blacke flatfeede; the whole plant peri* flieth at the Arftapproch of winter. 2 The fecond difFereth not from the firft 5 fauing that this plant is altogither letter, wherein con- fifleth the difference. £ The defeription. 5 There is little difference between this and the precedent,orlaft defcribed,fauingthat this plant is much letter, and bringeth foorth moreftoreof flowers,which maketh the difference. 4 The Angle great Africane Marigolde, hath a thicke roote, with fbme fibres annexed thereto; from which rifethvppe a ftiffeftalke chamfered and furrowed, of the height of two cubits, diui- ded into other finall braunches; whereupon are fet long Ieaues , compa<ft or compofed of many little Ieaues like thofe of tire Afhe tree, of a ftrong fmellj yet not verie vnplcafaunt: on the top of the braunches doe growe yellowe Angle flowers, compofed in the middle of a bundle of yellowe thrurnmes harde thruft togither, paled about the edges with a border of yellowe Ieaues; after which commeth long blacke feede. The whole plant perifheth with the Arft froft, and muft be fowenyeercly as the other forts muft be. 5 The common French Marigolde hath fmall, weake and tender braunches trailing vppon the grounde, reeling and leaning this waie and that waie, befet with Ieaues confiftingof many parti¬ cular Ieaues, indented about the edges, which be¬ ing held vp againft the funne, or to the light,arc feene to be full of holes like a Aeue, euen as thofe of Saint Johns woort: the flowers ftand at the top of the fpriggic braunches foorth of long cuppcs or huskes, conAfting of eight or ten fmall fcaues, vcllowe vnderneath, on the vpper Ade of a deeper yellowe tending to the colour of a darke crimfon veluet, asalfo foftin handling: but to defc ribe the colour in words, it is not poft Able,but this waie; laic vpon paper with a pen All a yellowe colour called Mafticke, which being drie, laie the fame oner with a little falfron fteeped in water or wine, which fetteth foorth moft liuely the colour. The whole plant is of a moft rankeand vnholfome fmell, and perifheth at the Arft froft. 4 Flos 3 Flos slpbficAnus minor mttitiflortM. Thefmalcft double Africane Marigold. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6n ft The place. They are dherifhed and fowen in gardens eucry yeere : they grow euery where almoft in Africke of themfel ties, from whence we firft had them, and that was when Charles the firfl: Emperour of Rome made a famous conqueft of Tunis; whereupon it was called Flos Aphricanus t or Flos Tune- tenfts. ft The time. They are to be fowen in the beginning of Apnll if thefeafbn fall out to be warme ,otherwi(e they muft be fowen in a bed of dung, as fhallbe fhewed in the chapter of Cucumbers. They bring foorth their pleafant flowers very late, and therefore there is the more diligence to be vfed to fowe them very earely, bicaufcthcyfhall not be ouertaken with the froftes before their feede be ripe. ft The names. The Africane or French Marigold is called in Dutch TThffltlJ blGCtttEftt in high Dutch JntT* fltttfCljtlClJCltjhthatis the flower or Gilloflower of India: in Latinc Caryophyllus Indicia, whereupon the Frenchmen call it Oeilletz, cl' Inde. Cor dm callethit T an,ace turn Peruni anu m , of the likenefle theleaues haue with Tanfie, and of Peru aProuince of A.merica, from whence it was firft thought tobebrought into Europe. GcfnermczWzihiz CalthaAphncana, and faith that it is called in the Carthaginian toong Pedua: fomc would haue it to be Petilimflos Plinij , but not properlyfor Pcti- limflos is an Autumne flower growing among briers and brambles. Z/indreM Lacuna callcth it O- thonna , making it a certaineherbe of the Troglodytes growing in that part of Arabia which lie th toward Aegypt, hailing leaues full of holes as though they were eaten with mothes. Galen in his fourth booke of the faculties of Simple medicines , maketh mention of anherbe called Lycoperji- um: the iuice whereof, a ccrtaine Centurion did carie out of Barbarie all Aegypt oner with lo rancke a fmell, and fo lothfome, as Galen himfelfe durfl: not fb much as tafte of it, but coniedtured it to be deadly; yet that Centurion did vfe it againil the extreme paines of the ioints, and it feemed to the patients l • ’ - - • 6u THE SECOND BOOKE -OF THE patients themfelucs ,to be ofa very colde temperature,but doiibtlefle of a poifbnfcme qua!itie,very neere to that of Hemlockes. • d-- r - - f -: c •£, The temperature and vertues. A The vnpleafant fmell,efpecially that common fort with Angle flowers (that ftuffeth the head like to that of Hemlocke, fuch as the iuice of Lycoperfum is ) doth fhew that it is of a poifbnfom & coo¬ ling quaiitie; and alio the fame is manifefted by diuers experiments :for I remember faith the fame author, that I did fee a boie whofe lippesand mouth when hee began to chewe the flowers did fwell extremely; as it hath often happened vnto them , that playing or piping with quils or kexes of Hemlockes,do holde them a while betweene their lippes: likewiie he faith, we gaue to a cat the flowers with their cups,tempered with freih cheefe, fhee foorthwith mightely fwelled, and a little while after died: alfo mice that haue eaten of the feede thereof haue beene founde dead. All which things do declare that this herbe is of a venemotis and poifonfome faculties and that they are not to be harkened vnto, thatfuppofe this herbe to be an harmelefie plant: fo to conclude, thcle plants are mod venemous and full ofpoilon, and therfore not to be touched or fmelled vnto, much lefle vfed in meate or medicine, Ofthcflower of the Sunnefr the Marigolde of Tem. fbap.i^y. 1 Flos Sofamaior. 2 Flos Sofa minor* & The defeription* 2 Hp He Indian Sunne or the golden flower of Peru, is a plant of fuch flature and talenefle, that in one lommer being (owenofa feede in April!, ithath rifenvp to the height of four- tpene foote in my garden, where one flower was in waight three pounde and two ounces, ana croffc ouerthwart the flower by meafure flxtecne inches broade. The ftalkcs are vpright and ftraight 3 of the bignefie of a ftrong mans arme,befet with large leaues euen to the top, like vnto the great ;H IS TOR IE OF PLANTS. Cyz great Clotc,orBurre rat the top of the ftalke commeth foorthTor the moft part one flower, yet many times there fpring out fucking buddes, which come to no perfedion : this great flower is in IhaDe like to the Cammomill flower , befet rounde about with a paleorbordcr oh goodlyyellovve lsaues,in thape like the leaues of the flowers of white Lillies: the middle part whereof is made as it were of vnfhorne ve!uet,or foine curious cloth wrought wfth the needle,which braue worke, if you do throughly view andmarke well,itfeemeth robe an innumerable fort offlnall flowers,refembling the nofe or nozell of a candlefticke,broken from the foote thereof: from which fmall nozell fweat- eth foorth excellent fine and cleere Venice Turpentine, in fight, fubftance, fauour, and tafte. The whole plant in like maner being broken,fmelleth of Turpentine • when the plant groweth to matu- titie,the flowers fall away,in place whereof appeereth thefeede, blacke, and large, much like the feede of Gourds, fet as though a cunning workeman had of purpole placed them in very good or¬ der, much like the honie combes of bees: the roore is white, compad of many firings, which pe- rifh at the firftapproch of winter,and mufi be fet in moft perfed dunged grounde : the maner how [hail be fhewcd,when vpon the like occafion I fliall fpeake of Cucumbers and Melons. ^ The other golden flower of Peru is like the former, failing that it is altogither lower, and the leaues more iagged,and verie fewc in number. 3 Flos Solti minor mas. The male Sunne flower. I 7 he defeription. \ The male flower of the Sunne ofthefmaller fort, hath a thicke roote,harde,and of a wooddie iibftance, witn many threddie firings annexed thereto, from which rifeth vp agraie or rulTet ftallc* .o tne height offiue or fixe cubits, ofthebignefle of ones arme, whereupon are fet great broade caues with long foote ftaikes,very fragill or eafie to breake, of an ouerworne greene colour,fharp xunterijand fomewhatcut or hackt about the edges like a fawe \ the flower groweth at the top’ of he fiaLe,bordered about with a pale ofyellowe leaues; the thrummed middle part is blacker then 3 • that 4 Flos Solis minorfccmina. The marigold Sunne flower. 6i 4 THE SECOND BOOK E' OF THE that of the'laft defcribed. The whole flower is compared about likewife with diners fuch ruflet leaues, as thofe arc that do growe lowervpontheftalkes 3 bui leffer and narrower. The plantand euery part thereofdoth Irnell of Turpentine, and the flower yeeideth foorth mod cleere Turpcn- tine,as my felfehauenoted diners yeeres.Thefeedcisalfolongand blacke; with certaine lines or drakes of white running alongd the fame. The roote and euery part thereof perifheth when it hath perfected his feed. . , 4 The female or Marigolde Sunne flower hath a thicke and wooddie roote, from which rifeth vp aftraightftem,diuidingit felfe into oneor more branches, fetwith fmooth leaues lnarpepointed, {lightly indented about the edges. The flowers growe at the top of the braunches of a faint yellow colour,the middle part is of a deeper yellow tending to b!ackncs,of the forme and fhape of a Angle Marigolde,whereupon I haue named it the Sunne Marigold. Thefcede as yetlhaue notobferued. kThe place. Thefc plants do growe of thcmfelues without letting or fowing in Peru, and in diners other pro¬ duces of America,from whence the feedes haue bcene brought into thefe parts of Europe. There hath beene (eene in Spainc and other hot regions a plant fowen and nourished vp from (cede, to at- taine to the height of 24.foote in one ycere. k The time, T he feede mud be fetor fowen in the beginning of Aprill if the weather be temperate, in the mod fernll grounde that may be, and where the Sunne hath mod power the whole daie. k 7 he names. The flower of the Sunne is called in Latine Flos Solis , taking that name from thole that haue re¬ ported it to turne with the lunne,the which I couldeneuer obferue, although I haue endeuored to finde out the truth of it 3 but I rather thinke it was fo called bicaufc it doth refemble the radiant beames of the Sunne, whereupon fomehaue called it Corona, Solis , and Sol Indianus^thc Indian Sun flower 3 others haue called it cbryfwthemtim PcrHuianumpi the golden flower of Peru i in Englilh the flower of the Sunnc,or the Sunne flower. k The temperature. They are thought to be hot and drie of complexion. The verities, A There hath not any thing been fet down either of the auncient or later writers concerningthe verrues of thele plants ,notwithftanding we haue founde by trial!, that the buddes before they be flowred,boiled and eaten with butter,vinegcr,andpepper,after the manerof Artichoks,are excee¬ ding pleafant meate, furpafling the Artichoke farre, in proeuringbodilie lull. B The fame buds with the (talks neere vnto the top(chc hairinefle being taken away) broiled vpoo a gridiron,and afterwarde eaten with oile, vineger,and pepper^hath the like property. Of CammoilL Chap,i^%» k The kindes. Here haue beene ofthe auncients fet footth two forts of (weete fmelling Cammomils.The la¬ ter age wherein we line hath founde two more,befldcs other wilde kindes thereof. k The deferipion, i ►- h— * O diftinguifn the kindes of Cammomils with long deferiptions it woulde but inlarge the I volume,and ftnall profile woulde thereby redounde to the Reader,confidering they arc (o wcllknownctoall jnotvvithftandingit (hall not be amilfe to foie (ornethingof them to keepe the order and method of the booke,hitherto obferued. The common Cammomill hath ma- nie wcake and feeble braunches trailing vpon the grounde, taking holde vpon the top of the earth, as it runneth, whereby it greatly increafeth. The leaues are very fine and much iagged or deepely cur,of a (hong fwcete fmelh among which come foorth the flowers like vnto the fielde Daifie,bor- dered about the edge with a pale of white leaues 3 the middle part is yellowe compofedof (uch thrums .dole thruft togither.as is thatoftheDaifie.Thc roote is veriefmall and threddie. - - - - 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 615 ic The defer ipt ion. 2 The fecond kinde of Cammomill hath leaues,rootes, ftalkes,and creeping branches, like vnto the precedent: the flowers grow at the tops ofima!! tender ftemmes, which are nothing elfe but Rich vellowe thrummie matter,as is in the middle of the reft of the Cammoinils, without any pale ar border ofwhite leaues ,as the others haue; the whole plant is of a plcafing fwcete fmell, where¬ upon fome haue giuen it this addition Odor At tm. 2 ChAm&melum nudum odor at um. Sweete naked Cammomill. I churnttmelum, Cammomill. & The definition* 5 This thirde Cammomill differeth not from the former, failing that the leaues heereof are verie luich doubled with white leaues, infomuch that the yellowe thrum in the middle is but little leene, md the other verie Angle, wherein confifteth the difference. Romifh Cammomill hath many (lender ftalkes, yet ftiffer and ftronger then any of the others, py reafon whereof it ftandeth more vpright, and doth notcreepevppon the earth as the others Joe. The leaues are of a more whitifh colour tending to the colour of the leaues of Woade. The flowers be likewife yellowe inthe middle, and paled about with a border of fmall white flo¬ ors, 4 05 4 3 chamjmelum 6i6 THE SECOND 2 Chciffl&ynelum Anglicum fore wttltiplici. Double flowred Cammomill. booke of the 4 cham&melum Romantm. Romifh Cammomill. •k the place. Thcfe plants are fetin gardens jboth for pleafure and alfo profite. He The time. They flower mod part of all the Sommer. Cammomill is called chamamelim^oifomz^ntbemu> an cl Leucdn !^ e '^ S ' tte whltencfi'e won j efpecially that double flowred Cammomill,which Greeke name is , p ne p mc p 0 ( of his flower: in Engliih Cammomill: it is called Cammomill bicaufe yjhov ,or an apple 3 which is plainly perceiued in common Cammomill. Cammomill faith G.len is hot and dri* di?efti!acken,and rai ifie; alfo it is thought to be like the Rofe in thmnefle of parts . comm the operation ofoile in heate, which are to man familiar and temperate, w* and allthcfc helpeagainft vvearifoirmdre,itea(ethandrnitigat et hpai n e,itin 0 llifiethandfiippleth,aMalltnele operations are in our vulgar Cammomill, as common experience tcachcth, lor it heateth mode ratcly 3 and drieth little. A Cammomillis goodagainfl: thecollickeandftone, prouoketh vrme, is moft Angular in g which are made again ft the forefaid difeafes. ar,, flirinkine B Oileof Cammomill is exceeding good againfl: all maner of ache and paine^b of fmcwes,hardnefle 3 andcoldc fwellings. , . a C The d'eco&ion of Cammomill made in wine and drunke, is good again co fewer belchings, voideth winde,and mightily bringethdowne the montlyaronrlc. ^ ^ D The Egyptians haue vfed it for aremedie againfl: all colde agues. they did the it 3 as Gxlen faith. Th< HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6ij The decoftion made in white wine and drunke,cxpelleth the dead childe and fecondine 3 or after- p birth fpcedilypnd clenfeth thofeparts. The herbe boiled in poflet ale, and giuen to drinke , eafeth the paine in the cheft comming of p ' vvindepnd expelleth tough and clammie flegme 3 and helpeth children of the ague. The herbe vfed in bathes prouoketh fweate, rarificth the skin, and opencth the pores, briefely G itmitigateth gripings and gnawings of the belly, italaieth the paines of the fides, mollifieth hard fwellings,and wafteth awaie rawe and vndigefted humours. The oile compounded of the flowers, performed! the fame, andisarcmedic againft all vveari- H fbmncfle 3 and is with good fuccefle mixed with all thole things that are applied to mitigat e paine. OfzZMaieweede^or mlde Cammomill. & Thekindes. T Here be three kindes of wildc Cammomils which arc generally called in Latinc CotuU one ftinking, and two other notftinking: the one hath his flower all white throughout the com- pafle, as alio in the middle 3 and the other yellow. Befides thefe, there is another with verie faire double flowers voide of fmell 3 which a Kentifhgentlemancalled Mafter Bartilmevve Line found growing wilde in a fieldeinthclleof Thanetneerevnto a houle called Queakes, lomecime the houfe of Sir HenrieCrifpe. Likewifc Mafter Hesketh before remembred, found it in the garden of his Inne at Barnet (if my memorie faile me not) at the figne of the red Lion 3 or elfe neere vnto it a in a poore womans gardenias he was riding into Lancafhire. I CotuU fatida . Maic weede. 2 CotuU lutea. Yellow Maie weede. 6i% THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The defer iption. Aie weede bringethfoorthroundeftalkes, greenc, brittle, and full ofiuicc, parted into manie branches,thicker,and higher then thofe of Cammomill; the leaues in like maner are wider, and of a blackifh greene colour, the Bowers like in forme and colour. The whole plant ftinketh,and giueth a rankeimell. 2 TheyellowcMaicweede hath a fmalland tender roote, from which rifethvp a feeble (hike, diuiding it felfe into many other branches, whereupon do grow leaues not vnlike to Cammomill, but thinner, and fewer in number. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes, of a golde ycllowc colour. ft The place. They growe in Cornc fieldes ,ncere vnto path waies,and in the borders of ficldes. * T be time. They flower in Iuly and Auguft. A The names. Maie weede is called in fhops Ccttda faetida , of Leonhartus Fuchfus , Tarthenium , and Virgin'*^ but not truelv: of 'others, in high Dutch ♦ in lowe Dutch PatmchtotBieiU in French Efargoutte: in Englifh Maie weede,wilde Cammomill,and {linking Mathes. ft The temperature and vertucs. A Maie weede is not vfed for meate nor medicine, and therefore the faculties are vnknowne, and not founde out,yet all of them are thought to be hot and drie, and like after a fort in operation to Cammomill, but nothing at all agreeing with mans nature $ notwithftanding it is commended a- painft the infirmities of the mother,feeing all {linking things are good againft thofe difeafes. B ° It is an vnprofitable weede among cornc, and raileth blifters vpon the handes of the weedcrs, and reapers. Of Tellttorie of Spaine . Cbap>i$o< I Tyre thrum officin/iirwn* Felitorie of Spaine. 2 Pyrethrwn fylueflrt* Wilde Pellitoric. 6 i 9 HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. The description. 1 "|~> rrf/£r#w,inEngIi{h Peilitorie of Spainc(by the name whereof, fome do vnpropcrly call an I * other plant, which is indeede the true imperatorii , or mafter wort, and not Peilitorie ) it hath great and fat Icaues,like vnto Fennell,trailing vpon the grounde:among which imme¬ diately from the roote,rifeth vp a fat greene Hem,bearing at the top a goodly flower, fafhioned like the great (ingle white Daifie, whofe bunch or knob in the midft is yellowehke that ofthe Daifie, ' and bordered about with a pale of fmall Ieaues, exceeding white on the vpperfide, and vnder of a fairc purple colour: the roote is long,of the bignes of a finger, verie hot,and of a burning tafte. 2 The wilde Peilitorie groweth vp like vnto wilde Cheruile, relembling the Ieaues of Caucalu^ of a quicke and nipping tafte,like the Ieaues of Dittander or Pepper woort; the flowers growe at the top of {lender ftalkes in fmall tufts or fpokie vmbles, of a white colour: the roote is tough, and of the bignefte of a little finger,with fomc threds thereto belonging,and of a quicke biting tafte. it Thepb.ce. It groweth in my garden very plentifully. it The time. It flowreth and feedeth in Iuly and Auguft. it The names. * Peilitorie ofSpaine is called in Greeke^H 9 ^ by reafonofhis hot and fierie tafte: iftfhopsalfb Pyre thrum : in Latinc Sa/inaris : in Italian Pyrethro : in Spanifh pelitre■ in French Pied A* Alexandre, that is tofaie. Pcs Kyilexandrwm^ or Alexanders foote: in high and lowe Dutch 'BSttCSltUin Englifh Peilitorie ofSpaine,and of fome Bertram after the Dutch name; and this is the right Pyre - thrumpx Peilitorie of Spaine,for that which diners take to be the right, is another kinde of herbe, commonly called Imperatoriapx Mafterwoort, but vntruly,being deceiued by D/ofcorides his cor¬ rupt copies,reading one thing for another. it The temperature and verities. The roote of Peilitorie ofSpaine is very hot and burning, byreafon whereof it taketh awaie the colde fhiuering of agues that haue bcene oflong continuance, and is good for thole that are taken with a dead paifie,as Diofcorides writeth. The fame is with good fucccfic mixed*vkh antidotes or counterpoifbns,which ferue againft the B migritn, and continuall paine of the head, the diifinefte called Vertigo^ theapoplexie, the falling ficknefte,the trembling ofthe finewes,and palfies, for it is a lingular good and effc&uall remedie for all colde and continuall infirmities of the head and finewes. PyretbruWi taken with honie, is good againft all colde dileafes ofthe braine. The root chewed in themouth,draweth foorth great ftore ofrheume,{limc, and filthie watcrifh humours,and eafeth the paine of the teeth,elpecially if it be ftamped with a little Staphifagria, and tied in a fmall bagge and put into the mouth,and there fuffered to remaine a certaine {pace. If it be boiled in vinegeratid kept warme in the mouth ithath the fame effedt. The oile wherein Peilitorie hath beene boiled,is good to annoint the bodie to procure fweating, and is excellent good to annoint any part that is brufed and blacke, although the member be decli¬ ning to mortification: it is good alfo for fuch as arc ftriken with the palfie. It is moft fingular for the Chirurgians of the Hofpitals,to put into their vndtions contra Tfjapo- Q lttanwnmorbuTnpci\& fuch other difeafes that be cofin germaine thereunto. Of Leopards bane . Qbap . 251 . ic The depcriptioK. I F this plant Doyen scum there be fundrie kindes, whereof I will onely touch fower, whom Do donates vnpropcrly calleth t^AconitumpardaliancheS) which hath hapned through the negligence of DtoScorides and Theophra\JluS) who in deienbing Doronicum ^haue not onely omitted the dowers thercof,but haue committed that negligence in many and diners other plants, leaning out in many plants which they haue delcribed, the fpeciall accidents, which hath not a lit¬ tle troubled the ftudie and determination of the beft Herbarifts of late yecres, not knowing cer¬ tainly Ufl WPh 6 *o THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE tainly what to determine and fetdowne in fo ambiguous a matter , fome taking it one waie, fome another,and fome efteemir.g it to be Acomttm'.but for better vnderftanding hcereof, knowe that this wordc Acomtum as it is a name attributed to diners plants, foit is to be confidercd that all plants called by this name,are malignant and venemous,as with the iuice and rootc whereof, fuch as hunted after wilde and noifome beafts, were woont to imbrue anddippe their arrowes, the fbo- r.er and more furely to difpatch and (lea the beaft in chace. But for the proofe of the goodnefle of . this D or oni cum and the reft ofnis kinde: knowe alfo that L'Obelzutw riteth of an excellent learned man called Iobn de Vrocdc^ who did eate verie many of the rootes at fimdrie times,and founde them verie pleafant in tafte and verie comfortable. But to leaue controuerfies, circumftances,and objec¬ tions which heere might be brought in andalleaged , affureyour fellies that this plant Doromcum. minui cfficinaritm (whofe rootes Pena reporteth to haue found plentifully growing vpon the Pede- inountaine hils and certaine hie places in Fraunce)hathmany greatleaucs fpread vpon the ground, fomwhat round,& rough haired like Plantaine: among which rife vp manic tender rough ftalks two cubites and an halfe high,bearing at the top certaine fingle yellow flowers, which when they vade, change into downe,and are caried away with the winder the rootes are thickc and manie,very croo¬ kedly crofting and tangling one within another, refembling a fcorpion, and in fome yeeresdo grow in our Englifh gardens into infinite numbers. 2 The fecond kinde of Doromcum hath larger leaues then the former, but rounde and broader,al- moft like the great Clot or Burre 5 among which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high: the flowers are like the formenrhe roote is longer and bigger then the former,barred oner with many fcalie barks, in colour white,and fhining like white marble,hailing on eehe fide one arme or finne, not vnlike to the fea fhrimpe called Scjuilla manna, or rather like the ribbes or fcaks of a fcorpions bodie, and is fweetin tafte. 4 1 D wont cum maim officinaruw* % .Doromcum minus . Great Leopards bane. Small Leopards bane. 3 Doyonicum • :: HISTORIE OIT PLANTS. . 6t i 3 Doronicmradtcerepente. .y,v*va\t 4 D oronicumhrachUtiraiice . Crayfiflh Woolfcs banc. .. . ! ;j i f ;r , — j ' - Winged Woolfes bane. & The defcription. 3 Thcthirdekindcof Doronicam, growing naturally in great abundance in the mountaines of Fraunce,is alfo brought into,and acquainted with our Englifh groundcs, bearing very large Ieaues of a light yellowifh greene,and hairie like Pilofella , oiCucumis agre[ks.Thc ftalkes are a cubite high, hailing at the top yellowe flowers like Buphthaimus, or Conjolida media vulner arionm : all the roote ouer is barred & weired with fcales like the taile of a fcorpion, white of colour,& in tafte fweet,with fome b;tternes,yeelding foorth much clamminefie,which is very aftringent. 4 The fourth kindeheereof is foundein the woodie mountaines about Taurinum and Sauoie, very like vnto the former ,fauing that the Ieaues are fomwhat rougher, the flowers grcater.and the (talks higher. But to be fhort,eche of thefe kinds are fo like one another,that in fhew, tafte,fmel,& inaner of growing, they feeme to be as it were al one;therfore it were fuperfluous to ftand vpon their varietie of names, Pardalianches^M yoffonumQThelyphomm^Camor um 3 and fuch like,of Theophralius , Diofeondcs , Plinie , or any of the newe writers, which names they haue giucn vnto Doromcuw, for by the opinion of the moft skilfull in plants, they are but Synonymies of one kinde of plant. And though thefe olde writers fpeake of the hurtfull qualities of thefe plants: yet experience teacheth vs,that they haue written what they haue heard and read.and not what they haue knowne and pro- lied: for it is apparant that Doronicuw by the confent of the olde and newe writers, is vfed as an an¬ tidote,or ccrtaine treacle,as well in the confe&ions de Gemmis Mefua, as in electnano o: iromatum . And though tMathiolus difeiaimeth againft the vfe thereof, and calleth it Pardi/ianches , that is, Wolfes bane: yet let the learned know,that Quant it as non qualities meet: for as Saffron is comforta¬ ble to the hart; yet if you giue thereof, or of muske,or any fuch cordiall thing, too great a quanti- tic,it killeth the par tic which receiueth it. The place. The place is fufficiently fet foorth in the defeription , yet you fball vnderftande that I haue the two firft in my garden, and the thirds hath beene founde and gathered in thecolde mountaines of Northumberlande,by dodfor Pennie 3 lately of London deceased, a man ofmuch experience and knowledge in Simplesjwhofe death my felfe and many others do greatly bewaile. Qji 2 •klh MW 6it THE SECON Di 3O0Kg <5®ITHE The time. • ' " ;s ; They do flower in the moneths of Iune and lulie. ft The names. Concerning their names I haue alreadiefpoken, yet fith I vvoulde be glad that our Engliih wo- men might know howto call it,they may termeI)<?m?/V#wby,this name,Crayfiih,Piflc inbed,bi- caufe the flower is like Dandelion,which is called Pifle in bed. Qua quia nafount ur dura viuacia caute^ Agrejles Accnita vacant. This froth(as men fuppofe)tooke roote and thrilling in the bailing foile in burgeons foorth did (hoot. To bane and mifchiefe men withall: and for bicaufe the fame did growe vpon the bare hard flints/olkc gaue the forefaid name of Flintwoort thereunto. ft T he nature and virtues. A I hauc fufficiently ipoken of that for which I haue warrant to write,both touching their natures & vertuesjfor thematter hath continued fo ambiguous &fo doubtfull;yea,& fo full of^ontrouerfics, that I dare not commit that to the world which I haue read: thefe few lines therfore fhal fuffice for this prefent: the reft which might be faide I referre to the great and learned doctors, and to your owns confideration. B Thefe herbes are mixed with compound medicines, that mitigate the painc of the eies, and by reafbn of his cold qualitie, being frefh & green,it helpeth inflammations,or fieric heat of the eies. C It is reported and affirmed 3 that it killeth Panthers, fwine,wolues, and all kindes ofwilde beafts, being giuen them with flefh. Theophrajhu faith that it killeth cattle, fheepe, oxen, and all fewer footed beafts,within the compafte of one daie, not by taking it inwardly onely, but if the herbe or roote be tied vnto their prime parts: yet he vvriteth further,that the roote being drunke, is a remc- die againft the ftingings offcorpions.'which fheweth that this herbe or the root therof is not dead¬ ly to man, but to diners beafts onely, which thing alfo is found out by trial!, and manifeft experi¬ ence: for ConradmGefnerm a man in our time Angularly learned, and amoft diligent fearcher of many things fheweth,that he himfelfe in a certaineEpiftle wiitten to Adolphus Occa, hath often¬ times inwardly taken the roote heereof greene,drie,who!e, preerued with honie, and alfo beaten to powder, and that euenthe very fame daie in which he wrote theie things, he haddrunkewith vvarme water two drams of the rootes made into fine powder, neither felt he any hurt therby; and that he oftentimes alio had giuen the lame to his ficke patients, both by'it felfe & alfo mixed with other chings,and that very luckelie, Moreouer, the Apothecaricsinfteedeof Doronicum, do vie (though amifle)the rootes thereof without any manifeft danger. D That this ^Aconite killeth dogs,it is very certaine and founde out by triall, which thing Mathio- ks 4 could hardly beleeue, but that at length he founde it out to be true by a manifeft example, as he confefleth in his Commentaries. Of Sage. Chap. i$z. ft T he kindes. HP Here be diners forts of Sage,twoefpeciailyobieruedof theauncients. The later writers haue found more. ft T he defer option. 1 He great Sage is very full of ftalks, fower fquare, of a woodie fubftancc, parted into bran- 11 ches,about the w hich grow broad leaues,long,wrinckIed.,rougb 5 whitifh, very like to the leaues of wilde Mullein, but rougher, and not fo white, like in roughnes to woollen cloth thread bare; the flowers ftande forked in the tops of the branches like thoieofdead Nettle, or of Clarie,of a purple blewe colour,in the place of which groweth little blackiih ieede in (mall husks. The roote is hard and woodie,(ending foorth a number oflittle ftrings. 2 The lefter Sage is alfo a ifhrubby plant, fpred into braunches like to the former,but lefter: the ftalks heereof are tenderer: the leaues be long,lefter, narrower, but not lefte rough; to which there do growe in the place wherein they are fixed to theftalke, two little leaues (landing on either fide one right againft another,fbmewhat after the maner of finnesorlittIeeares,the flowers are eared blewe like thole of the former: the roote alio is woodie, both of them are of a certaine ftrong finely but nothing at all oifenfiue,and that which is the lefter is the better^ I Saluia HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 52? I Saluia rmsor. Great Sage. 3 Stihi'u In die a, Indian Sage, . 2 Saluia minor. Small Sage. MountaineSage. isThe the second booice of the . The dcjcription. 3 This Indian Sage hath diuers braunches of a woodie fubftaunce , whereon do growe finall Icaues,!ong,rough,& narrowc,of an ouervvorne colour, & of a moft fweet and fragrant fmell. The flowers grow alongft the top of the braunches of a white colour, in forme like the precedent. The rootc is tough and wooddie. 4 The mountaine Sage hath an vpright ftalke, fmooth and plaine, whereupon doe growe broad, rough and rugged leaues,(lightly nicked, and vneeucnly indented about the edges, of ahoaric co- lour,fharpe pointed 3 and of a rankc fmell. The flowers growe alongft the top of the ftalke, in fhape like thofe of Rofemarie,of a purplifh colour tending to blewnefle. i he roote is likewife woodie. We haue in our gardens a kinde of Sage,the leaues whereof are reddifh,part of thofe red leaues arc ftriped with white, other mixed with white, greene and red, euenas nature lift to plaie with fuch plants. We haue alfo another, the leaues whereof are for the moft part white, fomewhat mixed with g reene,onen one leafe whitc,and another greene,etien as nature lift,as we haue faidc. ft The place, v ■ . .Thefe kinds of Sage do not growe wiide in England,I haue them all in my garden,moft of them arc very common. ft The time. Thcfc Sages flower in June and Iuly,or later: they are fitly remooued and planted in March. ft The names. Sage is called in Grceke the Apothecaries,the Italians, and the Spaniards, kcepe the Latine name Saluia : in high Dutch SaallTi! i in French Sauge : in lowe Dutch X in Hnglifh Sage. ft 7 he temperature. Sage is manifeftly hot and drie in the beginning of the third degree, or in the later ende of the feconde,it hath adioined no little aftri&ion or binding. ft The vettues. A ^sfgrippa, and likewife called it the Holieherbe,bicaufe women with childe if they be like to come before their time,& are troubled with abortments do eate thereof to their great good j for it clofeth the matrix, and maketh them fruitefull 5 it retaineth the birrh, andgiucth it life: and the woman about the fourth daie of hir going abrpade after hircbilding, (hall drinkc nine ounces of the iuicc of Sage with a little fait, and then vfe the companie of hir husbande, fhe (hall without doubt conceaue and bring foorth (lore of children, which are the blcffing of .God: thus fair o.Agripva. B Sage is Angular good for the head and brainc, quickneth the fences and memorie,ftrcngthneth the finewes,reftoreth health to thofe that haue the palfie vpon a moift caufe, taketh away (baking, or trembling of the members,and being put vp into the noftrils,it draweth thinne flegme out of the head. q It is likewife commended againft the (pitting of bloodc, the cough, and paines of the Tides, and biting of ferpents. D The iuice of Sage drunke with honie,is good for thofe that (pit and vomite blood,and ftoppeth the fluxe thereof incontinently ,expelieth winde,drieth the dropfie,he!peth the palfie,ftrengthncth the flnewes ,and ptirgeth blood. £ The leaues fodden in water, with Woodbine leaues, P!aintaine,Rofemarie, honie, allom, and fome white wine; maketh an excellent water to wafh the fecret parts of man or woman, and for cankers or other forenefte in the mouth, efpccially if you boile in the fame a faire bright Chining fea cole,which maketh it of greater efficacie. " p No man needeth to doubt of the wholcfomnefle of Sage ale, being brewed as it thoulde be, with Sage,Scabious, Betonie, Spikenard, Squinanth,and Fennellfeedes. Q The icaues of red Sage put into a wooden difh, wherein is put verie quicke coales. with feme aflies in the bottome of the difh to keepe the fame from burning, and a little vmeger fprinkled vp¬ on the leaues lieng vpon the coales &io wrapped in alinnencloth,& hoiden very hotvnto the fide of thofe that are troubled with a grieuous flitch,taketh away the paineprefentiy: die fame helpeth greatly tire extremitic of the plcurifte. Of I historie of plants. 6i] Of French Sage^ormodie Mullein. Chap.1%. Verbafcwn MAthiolu French Sage. #7 he defer ift ten. \w. «s»wi i- t\ ¥ IldeMullein, woodieMullein, c JMa* thioltu his Mullein , or French Sage, grovveth vppe like a fmall woodie fhrub,hailingmanie woodie braunches of a wol- lie and hoarie colour, foft & downie 5 wherupon arc placed thicke hoarie leaues,of a ftrong pon- ticke fauour, in fhape like the Ieaues of Sage, wherupon the vulgar peoplecall it French Sage: towarde the toppe of the braunches are placed roundels,orcrownets,of yellow gaping flowers like thofe of dead Nettle,but much greater. The roote is thicke, tough, and of a woodie fub- ilance, as is all the reft of the plant. There is another fort hecrof that is very fweet like the other, failing that the leaus &eucry other part of this plant,hath a mod Iweet and pleafant linell 3 and the other more ftrong and offenfiue. The place. Thefe wilde Mulleins do growe wilde in diuers prouinces of Spaine,and al To in Languedoc, vp- on drie banks,and ftony placesrl haue them both in my garden,and many others likewi/e. £ The time. They flower in Iune and Iulie. & The names. They are called of the learned men ofour time, Verbafca fyluejlria : the firft is called of the Gre¬ cians or qroyuQ-: in Latine Elychnium , or after others Elychinium , bicaufe of the cot- tonie fubftaunce thereof, matches, or weekes were made to keepe light in lamps: Verbafcum Lychnitis, as Diofcor/des himfelfe teftifieth, is named alfo Thryallis, or Role Campion 5 but the flower of Thryallis is red of colour, as Nhander in his ver- fes of counterpoilbns doth fhewe, but the flowers of thefc are yellowe: therefore they arc neither Thryallis nor Lychnttis : but Sylueilre Ferbafcnm , or wilde Mullein, as we haue alreadie taught in the chapter of Rofe Campion, that Thryallis is Lychnitis fatiua or role Campion. There is nothing to the contrarie, but that there may be many plants with (oft downie Ieaues fit to make candle weeke of :inEnglifhit is generally called French Sage,we may call it Sage Mullein, ik The temperature. 1 As thefebe likein vertuesto the others going before, fothey be like wile drie in tempera¬ ture. ‘ * & The vertues . Mofcorides faith, that the Ieaues are ftamped and laidein maner of a pultis vpon burnings and A %r Of 6z6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Clark . Qhap. 254 .. & The k fades. There be diuers kindes of Clarie/ome wilde, others of the garden, as (hall be declartd. l Galhtricum . / Common Clarie. a Gallttricwn alterm. Small Clarie. k The defer ip ion. 1 >—ip* He firft kinde of Clarie which is the right,bringeth foorth thicke ftalkes fower fquare,two I foote longjdiuided into braunches: it hath many leaucs growingboth from the roots,and along the ftalkes and braunches by diftaunccs,one againft another by two and two, great, a handfullbroade or broader,fomewhat rough, vnequall,whitifh,andhairie^ asbe alfo theItalks. The flowers are like thofe of Sage, or of dead Nettle, of colour white, out of alight blewe: after which grow vp long toothed huskes in fteed of cods,in which is blacke feede. The rooteis full of firings: the whole herbe yeeldeth foorth a ranke and flrong fmell that ftuffeth the head: itperifh- eth after the feede is ripe,which is in the fecond yeere after it is fowen. 2 The feconde kinde of Clarie hath likewife ftalkes fower fquare, a foote and a halfe high: the leaues alfo be rough and rugged, lefTer, and not fb white. The flowers be alike, of colour purple or blewe: the rootes be as thofe of the former are. This hath not fb flrong a fent by a great deale. There is a kind of Clarie which F#^/?#*pi< 5 turethfor wild Clarie,thathath fhorter ftalks,hairie alfo and fower fquare: the leaues lefter,long,deeper indented: the flowers blewe of colour, fweetc of fmell,but not fo fweete as thofe of the right Clarie: the huskes or cods when they are ripe bende do wnwards;the feede is blackifhjthe rootes in like maner are blacke and full of firings. , 3 Co/m 6-7 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The defer iption. 3 The thirde kinde of Horminum, called huh Coitus prefenreth in thehigheft top of the ftalks a diftaffe, wrapped about with yellow flaxe,wher- ofit tooke his name, hauingknobbie rootes, with certainefirings annexed thereto like Galeopfs,ot like vnto the rootes of Clarie, which doe yeeldc foorth fundrie fower tquare rough ftalkes, two cubit's high ; whereon do growe leaues like thole of the Nettle, rough 3 fharpe pointed, and of an ouerworne greene colour: the flowers do growe alongftthetopof the ftalkes, by certaine lpaces, fet rounde about in fmall coronets, or wharles, • like thofe of Sage in forme, but of a yellowe co¬ lour, •ft The place. Thefe do growe wilde in lbme places,notwith- ftanding they are manured and planted in gar¬ dens almoft euery where,except lupiters diftaffe, being akinde thereof, which I hauc in my garden. •ft The time. They flower in Iune,luly 3 and Aiiguft. •ft The names. Clarie is called of the apothecaries^## it is likewife named Oruala, of feme Tot a bona but not properly: of others Scar ted, Sclav ea , Centrum Galli, and Matrifalma: in Italian Sciaria: in french Ornate: in high Dutch in low Dutch 0 djat?cpet in Englifh CIarie,or Cleere eie. lupiters diftatfe,is called Coins louispi fome Galeopfis lutea, but not properly,of diuers Horminum luteumpr yellow Clarie, and Horminum Tridentwumpx. Clarie of Trent. •ft The temperature. Clarie is hot and drie in the third degree. ft The verities. The feede of Clarie poudered, finely fearced and mixed with honie 3 takcth away the dimnefie of ^ the eies,and cleereth the fight. The fame ftamped,infufed,or hide to fteepe in warme water,the muftilag or fiimie fuftaunce ta- g ken and applied plaifterwife,drawcth foorth fpiinters of woode,thornes,or any other thing fixed in the bodie: it alfo fcattererh and difiolueth all kindes of fwellings,efpecially in the ioints. The feede poudered and drunke with wine,ftirreth vp bodily luft. The leaues of Clarie taken anie maner of waie, helpeth the weaknes of the backe proceeding of the ouermuch flowingof the whites 3 butmofteffe(ftually if they be fried with egges in manrier of a tanfie,either the leaues hole or ftamped. Of wilde Clarie jot Oculus Chrifti. Chap.i^. •ft Thidefiription. I Cuius Chriftijs alfo akinde of Clarie,but lefter: the ftalks are many,a cubite high,{quaked, and fomewhat hairie: the leaues be broade, rough, and of a blackifh greene colour. The flowers growe alongft the ftalks, of a blewifh colour. The feede is rounde, and blackifh., the rootc is thicke and to ugh,with fome threds annexed thereto. Hr a z The / ao &.B THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE The purple Claric hath leaues fomewhat rounde , Iaide ouer with a hoare eottonic fub- nice, not much vnlike Horehounde: among which rife vp fmall hairie Iquare ftalkes, fet to- v £ i'de the top with little leaues of a purple colour 3 which appeere at the firfl vicwe to be flowers., yet are nothing elle but leaues, turned into an excellent purple colour: and among thefe I: h ull leaues comefoorth fmall flowers of a blewilb or watched colour 3 in fafhion like vnto the dc we rs ofRofemarie 3 which being withered^the huskes wherein they did growe containe certaine blacks feede 3 which falieth foorth vpon the ground very quickly 3 bicaufe that euery fuch huske doth turnc and hange downe his head towarde thegrounde. The rootc dieth at the firfl: approch of winter. / i Uorm'mum fyltie&re. Wilde CIarie 3 or Oculut Chrifti. « a Horminumfyluejlrefolijspnrpiircti. Claric with purple leaues. 7 he place. The firfl: groweth wild in diuers barren plac-es 3 almoft in euery countrcy 3 efpecially in the fields of Holburne neere vnto Graies Inne 3 in the high way by the end of a bricke wall: at the ende of Chcb fey next to London 3 in the high way as you go from the Queencs pallace of Richmond to the wa¬ ter fide 3 and diuers other places. The other is a flranger in England: it groweth in my garden. # 7 he time. They flower and flourifh from Iune to the ende of Auguft, & The names. Wilde Claric is called after the Latine name Oculm chrilii , of his effedt in helping the dileafes of the eies 3 in Greeke : and like wile inLatine Horminumpi fome Gennnalis : in Englilh wildc Clarie,and Ocdus Chrifti. The fecond is thought of fome to be the right Claric 3 and haue called it Horminumverum , but with greater error: it may be called in Latine Hormmum fylueftrefolijs&ftorihuspurpurets , Ciarie with leaues and flowers of a purple colour, it The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. bzp The temperature andvcrtues. The temperature and faculties are referred vnto the garden Clarics 3 yet Paulits of 'Eginata faith, A t is hot and moderately drie,and it alfb clenfeth. The feede ofwilde Clarie as Diofcorides writeth,being drunke with wine, ftirreth vp luft, it den- B cth theeies from filmes and other imperfc&ions being mixed with honie. The feede put whole into the eies 3 clenfeth and purgeth them exceedingly from watcrifh hu- C nours,rcdneffe, inflammation 3 and diners other maladies 3 or all that happen vnto the eies 3 and ta- ;cth away the paine and fmarting thereof, efpecially being put into the eies one feede at onetime, md no more,which is a generallmedicine in Chefhire and other countries thereabout 3 knowne of ilfand vfed with good fuccefle. The leaues are good to be put into pottage and brothes among other pot herbes jfor they feat- D cr congealed bloud 3 warme the ftomacke,and helpe the dimnes of the eies. Of <£MLullein. Chap.15 6. •ftThckindes. "pHerebetwokindes of Mullein, one whire,anotherb!acke;of the white there a re two forts,one -»■ with broad leaues,and another with narrow leaues: Dtojcoyidee, and Gaten after him haue added rvildc Mulleins,Primrofes 3 Cowflips 3 andRofe Campions 3 and firflof the true Mullein. I Tapfue Barbatut. Mullein, or Higtaper. 2 Tapftu Bar bat mflore albo. White flowered Mullein. •k The defeription. T He male Mullein or Higtaper, hath broade leaue$ 3 very foft, whitifh and downie ; in the midft of which rifeth vp aftalke,ftraight,fingle,andthe fame alfb whitifh all ouer, with a hoaric down,and couercd with the like leaues 3 but lefler and lefTer,euen to the top: among Rr 3 which, THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE which jtaperwife are fet a multitude ofyellowe flowers, confifting of fine leaues a peece: in the pla¬ ces whereof come vp little round vefTels,in which is conteined verje Imall feede. The roote is long, a finger thicke,blacke without and full of firings. 2 T he female Mullein hath likewife many white woolley leaues, fet vpon an hoarie cottonie vpright (talk, of the height offower or hue cubits: the top of the (talks refembleth a torche decked with infinite white flowers, which is the fpeciall marke to know it from the male kinde, being like in euerie other rdpedt. k The place. Thefe plants do growc of themfelucs neerc the borders of paftures, and plowed fieldes, or cau¬ ses,and driefandy ditch bankes,and in other vn tilled places. They grow in great plentie neerc vn- ro alymekill vpon the end of blacke Heath next to London, as alfo about the Queens houfe atEI- tham,ncere vnto Hartford in Kent: in the high waies about Hiegate neere London, and in moft countries of England that are of a fandic foile. k The time. They are found with their floWer from Inly to September, andbring foorth their feede, thefe- conde yeere after the feede is fowem k 7 be names. Mullein is called in Greekc ?>*VK,in fhops TapfitsBarbate, of diners Candela, Rcgia^ Candelaria , and Lanark: Diaper ides, Fhnie^nd Galenko call it Vcrbafcum : in Italian Verbafco , and Taffo Bar- haffo : in Spanifh Gordolobo •' in high Dutch OTUEferatlt + in French Bouillon : in Englifh Mullein,or rather Woolen,Higtaper,Torches,long Woort, and Bullockes Longwoort, and of fome Hares bearde. 'k The temperature. Mullein is of temperature drie; the leaues hauc ailo a digefting and clenfing qualitic, as Galen aftirmeth. s,* The vertues. j\ The leaues of Mullein being boiled in water, and laide vpon hard fwellings,and inflammations ofthe eies,cureth and ccafeth the paine. p, The roote boiled in red wine and drunke/foppeth the laske and bloudie flixe; q Tire fame boiled in water and drunke, is good for them that are broken and hurt inwardly, and preuaiieth much again ft the old cough. A little line treacle fpred vpon a leafe of Mullein, Si laide to the piles or Hemorrhoides, cureth the fame: an ointment alfo made with the leaues thereof and old hogees greafejworketh the fame cffebL £ The leaues worne vnder the feete dale and night, in manner of a fhoc foie, or fbeke, bringeth downe in yoong maidens their defired ficknefle, being kept vnto their feete with feme fockes, or other thing for falling away. p The countrey people,elpecia!ly thofe husband men in Kent, doe giue their cattell the leaues to drinke againft the cough of the lungs,bemg an excellent approoued medicine for the fame,where¬ upon they do call it Bullocks Longwoort. Q Frankenfence and Mafticke burned in a chafing difh of coles, and fet within a clofe ftoolc, and the fume thereof taken vnderneath, doth perfe&ly cure the piles, hemorrhoides, and all difeafes hapning in thofe lower parts,ifaHo there be at cuery fuch fuming (which muft be twife euerie day) a leafe of the herbe bound to the place,and there kept vntill the next dreffing. H There be fome who thinke that this herbe being but caricd about one, doth helpe the falling ficknefle, efpecially the leaues of that plant which hath not as yet borne flowers, and that is ga¬ thered when the funne is in Virgo, and the Moone in Aries, which thing natwithftanding is vainc and fuperftitious. I The later Phifitions commende the yellowe flowers, beeingfteepedinoile andfetin warme dung vntill they be wafted into the oile and confumed awaie, to bee a rernedie againft the piles. K The report goeth faith Blink that ftgges do not pntrifie at all, thatare wrapped in the leaues of Mulldn,which thing Diofcorides alfo raaketh mention oft D HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. S31 Ofbafe iSWullein. fhap.zyj. I Verbafeum album. Bafe white Mullein. |! 2 Verb aftum nigrum. Bafe blackc Mullein, ii The defer iptioK. 1 >*T"* He Bafe white Mullein hath a thicke woodie roote, from which rifeth vp a ftiffe and hairy ■ ftalke,of the height offower cubits, garnifhed with faire grayifh leanes like thofe of Ele- campane 3 but leflcr .-the flowers growe rounde aboutthe ltaikes taper or torch fafhion 3 of a white colour, with certaine golden thrums in the middle: the feedc followeth 3 finall, and of the colour ofduft. 2 Blacke Mullein hath long Icalies 3 not downie at all, large and fharpe pointed,ofan ouerworne blackifh greene coIour 3 fomewhat rongh 3 and ftrongly fmelling: the flowers grow at the top of the ftalks 3 of a golden yellow colour 3 with certaine threds in the middle therof. i herootdifferethnoc from the precedent. 3 Candle weeke Mullein hath large, broade 3 and woollie leaucs, like vnto thofe of the common Mullein:among which rifeth vp a ftalke couered with the like leaues,euento the braunches wheron the flowers do growe 3 but Idler and leffer by degrees.The ftalke diuideth it fdfe toward the top in¬ to diuers braunches, whereon is fet roundabout many yellowc flowers 3 which oftentimes doe change into white, varying according to the foile and climate. 1 he roote is thicke and wood- die. 4 The fmall candle weeke Mullein differeth little from the laft rehcarfcd 3 failing that the whole plant of this is of a better fauour,wherein efpecially confifleth the difference. Rr 4 3 Vcyb&fcmn THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 4 Verbafcum Lychnite minus. Small Candle vveeke Mullein. 6$i 3 Verb a fcum Lychnite Mathioli. Candle weeke Mullein. The place. Theft plants do growe where the other Mulleins do,and in the like foile. •fr 7 he time. The time likewife anfwereth their flowring and feeding. i? The names. Their capitall names expreftcd in the titles fhall feme for thefe bafe Mulleins, confidering they are all,and euery of them kinds of Mulleins. & The temperature. Thefe Mulleins are dry without any manifeftheat,yctdoubtlefie hotter and drier then the com¬ mon Mullein or Hygtapcr. & Thevertues. A The blacke Mullein, with his pleafant yellowe flowers, boiled in water or wine and drunken, is good againft the difeales of the bred and lungs,and againft all /pitting of corrupt rotten matter. B The leaues boiled in water, damped and applied pultis wile vpon colde fivellings ( called Oede¬ mata) and alio vpon the vlcers and inflammations of the eies, cureth the fame. C The flowers of blacke Mullein are put into lie,which caufeth the haire of the head to waxe yel¬ lowe,if it be wafhed and combed therewith. D The leaues are put into colde ointments with good fuccelle, againft lealdingsand burnings with fire or water. E t^fpuleius reporteth a tale of VlyffesyMercurie^ and the inchauntrefle Circe and their vfe of thele herbes in their incantations and witchcrafts. of HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. <*33 Of dTvfotb aTVfulkin. Chap. 258. C A . . % ft The ki ndcs. I Ike as there be diuers forts of Mulleins, &bate Mulleins;fo is there likewife mmyl fortsi or hrnds Lof Moth Mulleins differing efpecially in the colour of their dowers , ofwhich number you 1 ha I ecciuetwo figures or pictures } for the reft you muft content your (elues with their dcicriptions,re¬ tain* their formes vnto a further confiderauon,or a fecond edition. I Blattaria plinij. Plimes Moth Mullein. 2 Blattariaflorepurpurco. Purple Moth Mullein. ft The defeription. 1 T\ Linte hath fet foorth a kinde of Blattaria^ which hath long and fmooth leaues, fomewhat Y lagged or (nipt about the edges: the ftalke rifeth vp to the height of three cubits, diuiding it felfe towarde the top into fundrie armes or branches, befet with yellowe flowers like vnto blackc Mullein. 2 Blattaria with purple flowers hath broad blacke leaues, without any manifeft fnips or notches by the fides,growing flat vpon the ground: among which rifeth vp a ftalke two cubits high, garni- fticd with flowers like vnto the common Blattaria , but that they are of a purple colour,and thole fewe threds or chines in the middle, ofa golden colour: therooteisasthickeasamans thumbe, with fbme threds hanging thereat,and it endureth from yeerc to yeere. There is another kinde like vnto the blacke Mullein, in ftalkes, rootes, and Ieaues^and other re* fpc6ts,fauing that his (mail flowers are ofa greene colour. There is another like vnto the laft before written, fauing that his leaues are not fodeepelycut about the edges,and that the finall flowers haue fome purple mixed with the greennefte. - ; ~ & The 634 THE second booke of -the ft The place. The fir ft fecond and fourth grows in my garden :the third Ihaue not as yet feene. ft The time. They flower in Iuly and Auguft. ft The names. The later Herbarifts call Moth Mullein by the name of Blattaria, and doe trtiely take it to be that which Pliny deferibeth in his 22. booke, 9. chapter, in thefewordes: There A an herbe like Mullein ..or Verbafcum nigrum, which oftentimes deceiueth, being taken-for the,famey with Ieaues. not fo white, mo ftalkes,and with yellowe flowers(as we haue written) which do agreewith blackc Mullein; but we haue not as yet learned by obferuation that they do gather mothes and fleas vnto them,as we haue faid. Vderim Gordies tiameth it Verbafcum Leptophyllon , cr narrows leafed Mullein: then fcuerall titles do fufftciently fet fborth their Englifh names. ■y The nature and vertues. A Concerning the plants comprehended vndcr the titles of Blattaria , or Moth Mulleins, Ifindc nothing written of them^fauing that mothes,butterflies,and allmanerof fmaller flics and bats, do refort vnto the place vvherefoeuer thefe herbes be hide or ftrowed* Of Mullein of /.Ethiopia. fbap.zjp. AEthiopis. AEthiopian Mullein. ft The defeription. M Vilein of Aethiopia hath many very broad hoarie Ieaues fpred vponthc ground, very foft and downie or rather woollie,like vnto thofe of Hygtaper,but far whiter,foftcr,thicker,& fuller of woollinefle, which vvooll is fo long, that one may with his fingers pull the fame from the Ieaues,euen as wooll is pulled from a fheepesskin: among which Ieaues rifeth vppe a fower fquare downie ftalke,fct with the like Ieaues, but fmaller, which ftalke is diuided at the top into other bran. ches,fet about and orderly placed by certaine di- ftaunccs, hauing many flowers like thofe of Archangelljbf;a white colour tending to blewnes, which being part, there fucceedeth rounde blacks feed,like thofe of Colewoorts: the roote is black, hard,and of a woodie fubftance. ft The place. It groweth naturally in AEthiopia, and in Ida, a hill hard by Troie,and in Meflenia,a prouince of Morca,as Pliny fheweth in his 27.booke 4. chap¬ ter : it alfo groweth in Meroe, an Hand in the riucr Nilus, hauing a chic of the fame name in AEthi- opia,which lieth vnder Eegypnit like wife groweth in my garden. ft The time. It flowreth and flourifheth in Iune,and perfect eth his feede toward the end of Auguft. The names. ft It is called in Gieeke Artioms • ana in Latine AEthiopU , of the countrey in which it groweth: and for that caufe it is iikcwife called Aferoides, of (JMeroe^s Plinie writeth: of fbme bicaufe the Greekc worde A.0 fignifieth in Latine Fauilla adufa , or cinere aferfa , or couered with a Ores : in Englifh we may call it Mullein of AEthiopia,or woolly Mullein. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS; «j s V* The nature, AZthbpi* is dric without any manifeft heate. * i? 1 he verities. AEthiopH is good for thofe that haue the pleurifie,and for thofe that haue their brefts charged A with corrupt and rotten matter 3 and for fuch as are greened with the afperitie and roughnes in the throate and againft the Sciatic a 3 ifone drinke the deco&ion of the roote thereof. For the difeafes of the breft and lungs jit is good to licke oftentimes of a confe&ion made with B the roote heereof and homeland foare the rootes condked with fugar.in fuch mancr as they con- dite the roots of Eringos. Of Cow flips. Qhap.i6o. tV 7 he description. 1 Hofe herbes which at this day are called Primrofes, Cowflips, and Oxelips 3 arerec- I koned among the kinds of Mulleins, notwitfiftandingTor diftindtions fake 3 1 haue mar- fhalled them in a chapter 3 comming in the reerwarde as next neighbours vnto the Mullcinsjforthat the ancients haue named them Verba feuli, that is to faie/mall Mulleins. The firft which is called in Englifh the field Cowflip 3 is as common as the reft 3 therefore I fhall not need to fpend much time about the defeription. 2 The fecond is likewife wellknowne by the name of OxeIip 3 and differeth not from the other 3 fane that the flowers are not fo thicke thruft togither as the former 3 and they are fairer and fewer in number 3 and do not finell fb plcafandy as the other; of which kinde 3 wc haue one lately come in¬ to our gardcns 3 whofe flowers are curled and wrinckled after a moft ftrange maner ? which our wo¬ men haue named,Iacke an apes on horlebacke. 3 Trirnnh 6 $ 6 g Primula hortcnfis Anglica Double Paiglcs. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Primula veris minor. Ficldc Priinrofe. 4 Primula veri* {loregeminate. Collips two in a hofe. 6 Primula vemfiorepleno. Double white Piimrofc. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ©'37 • ?“ ft The defeription. 5 Double Paiglc, called of Pana, Primula hortenfs Anglic a omnium maxima, &ferotinn for it? us plenis, that is, the greateftEnglilh garden Co wflip with double yellowe flowers, isfo commonly knowne,that it needeth no defeription. 3. The fourth is likewife knowne by the name ofdouble Cowflips , hailing but one flower'within another, which maketh the fame once doubIe,where the other is many times double, called by Pa- na Geminxta, for the likenefle of the flowers, which are brought foorth as things againft nature, or twinnes. 5 The fift being the common white fielde Primrofe,needeth no defeription. 6 The fixt which is our garden double Primrofe, of all the reft is of greaceft beautie,the deferip* cion whereof I refer vnto your owne conftderation. 7 The feuenth kinde is alfo verie wellknowcn, which is a Primrofe that hath greenifh flowers that are fomewhat welted about the edges: for which caufe Pena hath called it Siluarumprimula, ft The defeription. There is a ftrange Primrofe founde in a wood in Yorkefhire, growing wildc, by the traueli and induftry of a learned gentleman of Lancashire, called mafter Thomas Hesketh , and a diligent fearcher of Simples, who hath not only brought to light this amiable and pleafanc kind of Prim- rofe, but many others likewife, neuer before his time retnembred or founde out. This kinde of Primrofe hath leaues and rootes like the vvilde fielde Primrofe in eche refped 5 it bringeth forth among the leaues a naked ftaike of a grayifh or ouerivorne grccnifli colour: at the top whereof doth growe in the wintertime one flower and no more, like vnto tbatfingleoneof the fielde; but in the fommer time it bringeth foorth a foft ruflet huske or hole, wherin are conteined many fmal flowerSjfometimes foyver or fine, and often¬ times more, very thicke thruft togithef, which maketh one entire flower, feemingtobcone of the common double Primrofes, whereas indeed it is one double flower made of a number of final fingle flowers, neuer ceaffingto beare flo¬ wers winter nor fommer^s before is fpecified. ft The place. Cowflips and Primrofes ioie in moift and dankifh places, but not akogithcr couered with water; they are found in woods and the borders ioffields: the Primrofe found by mafter Hesketh, grovveth in a woode called Clapdale, three miles from a towne in Yorkefhire called Settle. ft The time. , ^ They flourifh from Aprill to the end of May,and fome one or other of them do flower all the win¬ ter long. ft The names. They are commonly called Primula, -z/em.bicaufe they are thefirft among thofe plants that do flo¬ wer in the fpring,or bicaufe they flower with the firft. They are alfo named ^rthretica, and Herba Partlyps,toi they are thought to be good againft the paines of the ioints and finewes; they are cal¬ led in Italian Brache Cucult ; in Englifh pettie Mulleins,or Palfie woorts,of moft Cowflips. The greater fort called for the moft partOxeflips and Paigles,are named of diners Herba S. Pe¬ tri ■ in Englifh Oxeflip and Paigle. The common Primrofe is vfually called Primula verts , moft Herbarifts do refer the Primrofes to Horibxs obfeure virentibusfimbriatU. 7 Primula fore viridt. Greene Primrofe. . 6$ 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE to the axSfuJW, called in Latin Verbafiulapt pcttie Mulleins$but feeing the ieaues are neither woollie nor rounde , they bthardly drawne vnto them : for Phlomides are deferibed by Ieaues, as Pl,nU hath interpreted it, Hirfutis and Rotundis hairic and round, which Plinie in his 2 5.booke, 1 o. chap, translate th thus j Sunt & Phlomidesdu* Hirfuta, rotundis folzjSjhumiles, which is as much to faie in Englifh,as there be alfo twopettie Mulleins, hairie,rounde leafed,lowe,or fhort. ie 1 he temperature. The Cowflips and Primrofes are in temperature drie,and a little or nothing hot. ic The vertues. A The Cowflips are commended a gainft the paine of the ioints, called the gout, & flacknes of the finewes,(which is the palfte.) The clecodion of the roots is thought to be prohtablie giuen againft the (lone in the kidneies and bladder: and the iuice of the ieaues for members that are loofe and out of ioint,or in ward parts that are hurt,rent,or broken. B A dram & a halfe of the po wder of the dried roots of field Primrofe gathered in Autumne, giuen to drinke in ale or wine,purgeth by vomite very forcibly, (but fafely)waterifh humours, choler,and ftegme,in fiich maner as ^Az>arum doth, experimented by a learned and skilfull Apothecarie of Colchefter, matter Thomas Buckfione , and lingular in the knowledge of ttmples. C A conferue made with the flowers of Cowflips and fugar, preuaileth woonderfully againft the palfte, conuulfions,cramps,and all the difeafes of the linewes. O Cowflips or Paigles do greatly rettraine and ttop the bcllie in the time of a great laske or blou- die flixe,if the decodtion thereof be drunke warme. E A practitioner in London, who was famous for curing the frenlie, after that he had performed his cure by the due obferuation of Philicke, accuftomed cuery ycere in the moneth of May to diet his patients after this fort TCThe Ieaues & flowers of Primrofe,boi!e them a little in fountaine wa¬ ter, and infomeRofe&Betpnie waters,addingtheretofugar, pepper, falt,andbutter,which being drained,he gauc them to drinke thereof fir ft and laft. F The rootes of Primrofe (lamped and drained, and the iuice fniifed into the nofe with a quiI!,or ^ fuch like,purgeth the braine,and qualifieth the paine of the migrime. C An vnguent made with the iuice of Cowflips, and oile of Linleede, cureth all ttaldings or bur- nings with fire, water or otherwife. H I he flowers ofPrimrofes fodden in vincger,and applied,do heale the kings eui!,hcaletH alio the almonds of the throte and vuula, if you gargarrfe the purtie with the deception thereof. ^ The Ieaues and flowers of Primrofes boiled in wine and drunke’, is good againft: all difeafes of the breft and lungs,and draweth foorth of the flefh any thorne or iplinter,or bone fixed therein. Of \Birds eine . Cbap.idi. The description. 1 Ip Ome Herbarifts call this plant by the name of Sanicula angufttfolU , making thereof two kinds,and diftinguifhing them by thefe term 'cs^mator, St minor, hue media: otherscall them Paralytica alpina , which without controuerlie are kindes of Cowflips, agreeing with them afwell in fliape as in their nature and vertues, hauing Ieaues much like vnto Cowflips but frnaller, growing flat vpon the grounds,of a faint greenifh colour, on the vpperfide and vnderneath of a white or mealie colour: among which rife vp fmall and tender (talks of a Foote high, hauing at the top ofeuerie ftalke a bufli of final] flowers, in fliape like the common Oxelip,* fauing that they are ofafaire ftammell colour tending to purple: in the middle of euery fmall flower appeereth a little yelbwefpot,refembling cheese ofabird,whichhath mooned the people of the north parts(where it aboundeth)tocall it Birds eine.The fee Ce is fmall like duft,andthe roote whiteandthreddie. 2 The fecond is like the firft,fauing that the whole plant is gteater,in cche idpect 3 and that the flowers are of a whitifh colour. 1 Primuli HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Primal* verb{lore rubro. 2 PrimulaverUflorealbo . Red Bird cine. White Bird eine. •It The place. Thcfc plants do grow very plentifully in moift and fquallie grounds^in the north parts of Eng- landjas in Harwood neerc to Blackburne in Lancafhire, and ten miles from Prefton in Aundcr- ncfle,alfo at Crosbfo, Rauenfwaith 3 and Craggc clofe in Weftmerland. They likewife growe in the medowes belonging to a village in Lancafhire neere Maudfley cal¬ led Harwood 3 and at Hesketh not farre from thence 3 and many other places of Lancafhire,but not on this fide Trent that I coulde euer haueany certaine knowledge of; L’Obeliu* reporteth that Do&or Pennie (a famous Phifition of our London Colledge) did findc them in thefe Southerne parts. # The time. They flower and flourifii from Aprill to the end of May. # The names. The firft is called Primrofc with the redde flower: the fecond Primrofe with the white flower and Birds eine. ^ The nature andvertues. The nature and vcrtucs of thefe red and white Primrofes 5 muft be fought outamongft thofe abouenamed. of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Heares eares^or mountaine Cortfips. Cbhp.zdi, •kThekincles. < T t Here be diuers forts of Mountaine Cowflips ?0 r Beares cares, differing cfpccially in the. colour f of their flowers, as (hall be declared, notwithftandingit may appeere to the curious, that there is great difference in the rootesalfo, confidering fome of them haueknobbed rootes, and others threddie: no twithftanding there is no difference in their rootes atall. I Auricula Vrftfore luteo. Yellow Beares eare. 2 Auricula Vrf)fore purpurea. Purple Beares eare. it The dejeripthn, 1 A Vricula Vrfo was'callcd of Mathiolus^tena.^ and other Herbarifts, SkmcuUdlpini, by rea- fon of his Angular facultie in healing ofwoundcs,both inward and outwarde. They doal! call itP4r^/V4,bicaufeofhis vertues in curingthe palfies 3 cramps,and conuulfions, and is numbred among the kinds of Cowflips, whereof no doubt they are kinds,as others are which do heereafter followe vnder the fame ticIe,akhough there be fome difference in the colour of the flo¬ wers. This beautifull and braue plant Hath thicke, greene, and fat leaues, fomewhat finely fnipc about the edges, notakogithervnlike thofeof Cowflips, butfinoother, greener, and nothing rough or crumpled: among which rifeth vp a (lender rounde ftem an handfull high, bearing a tuft of flowers at the top,of a faire yellow colour, not much vnlike to the flowers of Oxelips, but more open,and confiding of one onely leafe like Cotiledon: the roote is very threddie, and like vnto the Oxelip. 2 The leaues of this kinde which bearcththe purple flowers, arc not fo much fnipt about the edges: thefefaide purple flowers haue alfofome yellownefle in the middle, but the flowers are not fo much laid open as the former,otherwife in all rdjpe&s they arc like, -- - - ' 3 ^Auricula HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ’ 641 3 ^AUrieuUVrfiij.Clufi. 4 tiij.cUftu - : Red Bcarcs care. Scarlet Beares care. ic "The defer iptitn. 3 Carolus Clufius fetteth foorth in the booke of his Pannonicke trauels two kinds more,which he hath foundc in his traucll oner the Alpes,and other mountaines of Germanie and Heluetia, being the third in number,according to my computation: it hath leaues like the formcr,but longer,finai- ler,and narrower toward the bottome, greenc aboue,and of a pale colour vnderncath.The {low ers arc in fafhion like vnto the former, but of a mod fhining red colour within; and on the outfide', of the colour ofaMulberie; in the middle or eieof the flower, it is of a whitifh or pale colour: the roote is like the former. 4 The fourth is a fmaller plant then any of the forefaid, whole leaues are thickc and fat, nothing at all fiiipt about the edges,greene aboue,and grayifh vnderneath : the flowers are like the former, fhining about the edges,of an ouerworne colour toward the middle, and in the middle commcth a forkc coucred with an hairinefle:the roote is blacke and threddie. 5 The blufh coloured Beares eare hath diuers thicke, fat,leaues,fpred vpon the grounde, of a whitifh greene colour,fleightIy indented in the edges -.among which rifeth vp a naked ftalkc, like- wife Iiairic or whitifh, on the top whereof ftandevery faire flowers , in fhape like thole of the com¬ mon Cow{Iip,but of a whitifh colour tending to purple, which we terme blulh colour.The roote is tough and threddie,as are all the reft, although the grauer haue omitted them in the cutting of the figure,it muft be vnderftoode,that their rootes are all alike. 6 The bright fhining red Beares earc of Matbiolus description, feemeth to late Herbarifts to be rather a figure made by conceit or imagination,then by the fight of the plant it felfe, for douhtleftc we are perfwaded that there is no fuch pIant,butonly a figure {billed for oftentations fake, the de- fetiption whereof weleauetoa further confideration, bicaufe we Jraue not feene any fuch plant, neither do we belecue there is any fuch. Sf 1 5 '^Auricula THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Auricula Vrji erubcfcens. Blnih coloured Beares care. 6 Auricula Vrfc[urine rubifo* Bright reel Beares eare. 7 Auricula Vr[minim*. Stamell Beares care. 3 Auricula Vrfiminimafare niuev* Little white Beares eare. 7 Pen* fetteth forth a kind of Beares eare vnder the name of Sanicul* bailing his vppermofl knx$ an inch long/omcwhat iagged and h&jide at the cndcs^and broadc before like a fhoucl 5 th< low C! HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ' 64 .? ower lcaucs next the ground/omewhat fhorter,but of the fame forme,among which rifeth a final! lender foote ftalke of an inche long, whereon doth ftande a fmall flower, confiding of fiue little canes of a bright red or ftammell colour. 3 The fnow whiceBeares eare differeth not from the laft deferibed but in the colour of the flow cr, 'or as the others arc red, contrary thefe are very white, and the wholp plant is ieffer; wherein con- ifteth the difference.The rootc is long,tough,with fom e fibres thereto belonging,neither of thefe wo laft written of will be content to grovve in gardens. is The place. They grow naturally vpon the Alpifh, and Heluetian mountaines,moft of them do grow in our i.ondon gardens. is 7 he time. Thefe herbes do flower in Aprill and Maie. is The names. Either the auncient writers knewe not thefe plants, or clfc the names of them were not by them 3j- t h e i r fucceffors diligently committed vnto pofteritie; Mathiolus and other later writers,haue gi- icn names according to the fimilitude, or of the fhape that they beare, vnto other plants accor- lingto the likenefle of the qualities and operations: you may call it in Englifh Beares eare: they hat dwell about the Alpes docallit£ 5 ^afffita'ait, and by reafon of the effe&s hereof/orthcrooteis among them in great requeft, fortheftrengthningofthehcad, that when hey arc on the tops of places that are high,giddines, and the fwimming of the braine may not af- li& them: it is there called the rocke role, for that it groweth vpon the rocks, and rcfembleth the araue colour of the rofe. . is The nature. Thefe herbes are drie and verie aftringent. is The vertues. It healeth all outward and inward wounds of the breft,and the entcrocelc alfo,if for fome reafo- \ Table (pace of time it be put in drinkes,or boiled by it felfe. Thefe plants are of the nature and temperature of Primula veris , and are reckoned among the jg Panicles,by reafon of their vertue. Thofe that hunt in the Alpes & high mountaines after Goats and Robucks, do as highly efteeme Q bcereof as of Doromcnm, by reafon of the Angular eflfe&s that it hath,but(as I faid before) one efpe- cially,euen in that it preuenteth the lode of their beftioints (I meane their necks) if they take the roots heerof before they afeend the rocks,or other high places. « Ofmount nine Sankle. isThekindes. 'T’ Here be fundrie forts of herbs conteined vnder the name of Saniclc, and yet not one of them A agreeing with our Sanicle,called Diapenfta, in any one refpe<ft,except in the vertues, whereof no doubt they tooke that name, which number doth daily increafe by reafon that the later writers haue put downe more new plants,not written ofbcforc by the auncients, which fhall be diftingui- fhedin this chapter by feuerall titles. is The dejcration. % l Potted Sanicleofthemountaine hath finall fat and roundeleaues, bluntly indented about the edges,and fafhioned like vnto the Ieaues of Saxifragia atirea , or rather Cyclamen folio* hedera,oi a darkegreene colour, and fomewhathairievnderneath, among which rife vp fundrie ftalkes,befet with like Ieaues, butfmaller, and of acubitehigh, diuiding themfelues into many fmall armes or braunches, bearing diners little white flowers, fpotted moft curioufly with jb!oodie:pecks, or pricks, infomuch that if you marke the admirable workmanlhip of the fame | wrought in fuch glorious manner, it muft needcs put euerie creature in minde of his creator: the S f 2 flowers <>44 THE SECOND BQOKE OF THE flowers are in fmell like the Maie flowers,or Hawthorn: the (cede is finall and blacke, contain^;- frnall pomtels,hke vnto white Saxifrage.The roote is fcalie and full of firings ? t T r he J co " d k ‘ nde of Sanicle,which C&>wcalleth PwgmcU, not before his time remembred hath fundne fmall chicke leaues,tat and full of mice .being broad towards the roote, and (harpe to wards the pomt.of a fain t greene colour,and bitter in tafte.-out of the middeft whereoffproutethor ftooteth vp a naked {lender ftalke, nine inches long, euery ftalke bearing one flower and no more fometiimes white, and commonly of a blewifli purple colour, fafliioned like vnto the common Munkes hoods,called Cmfilida rr,g4*,hauing the like fpur or Larkes hcele annexed thereto I Semcnkgutma. s Pi»gmsaltfiueSamc$ilaEli<irue»lis. Spotted bamcle* Butterwoort 3 or Yorkfhirc Saniclc •fr The defertptm, 3 The thirds kinde ©f mountaine Saniclc, feme Herbarifts haue called Santcul* alfinafloYt rnbro\ the leaues fhoote foorth in the beginning of the ipring , very thicke and fat , and arc like a purfe or lounde lumpe 3 at their firft comming out of the ground 5 and when it is Ipred abroad,the vpper pare rhereofis full of vaines or finewes, and houenvp or curled like Ranunculus Luftaniens, or like the crumpling of a cabbage leafe, and are not onely indented about the edges, butccheleafcisdiui- ded into fixe or more iagges or cuts, deepely hackt, greenilh aboue.and of an ouerwornc greene colour vnderneath jhot in tafte: from the middle whereoffhooteth foorth a bar or naked ftalke,fixe Inches long,fomcwhatpurple in colour, bearing at the top a tuft of finall hollow flowers,looking or banging downwards like little bels, not vnlike in forme to the common Cowflips,but of a fine deep red colour tending to purple,hauing in the middle a certaine ring or circle of white, &alfb certaine pointels or ftrings,which turnc into an head wherein is contained feede.The whole plant is coucrcd (as it were)with a rough woollinefle: the roote is fibrous and direddie« F iH 1 ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 645 4 There is another figure fet foorth which may feeme vnto the ignorant to be one of the fame kindc,but differing in fome points,whereas in truth they arc but one and the felfe fame plant; one of the which I would willingly hauc left foorth of our volume, but fearing that fome not knowing that they be one, might askethe caufewhy we left it out; but hencefoorth I doubt not but thole that fhall fuccede will leauc it out as needelefle, confidering they know that one pi&ure was made by a dric and withered plant,and the other by the liuely herbe it felfe. 3 SanicukAhinaClufttSmeCortufaMathiolt. 4 CortufaveriorIcon. Bcares earc Saniclc. Bearcs eare Sanicle the true figure. # The place. Thcle plants are ftrangers inEngland,their naturallcountric is the alpifhmountaines ofHelue- tia. 1 hey gro we in my gar den, where they flourifh exceedingly, except Butterwoort which gro- werh in our Englifh fqually wet grounds, and will not yeelde toany culturing or tranfplanting : it growethefpecially in a field called Craggeclofe, andatCrosbie, Rauenfwairh in Weftmerland, vpon Ingleborough fels, twelue miles from Lancafter, and in Harwoode in the fame countic neere to Blackburne, ten miles from Prefton in Andernefle vpon the bogs & marifh grounds, and in the boggie medowes about Bifhops Hatfielde; and alfo in the fens, in the waie to Wittles mearefrom London,in Huntingdonihire. ^ The time. They flower and flourifh from Maic to the ende of Iulic. •fy The names. The firft is called Sanicukguttata^ taken from the fpots wherewith the flowers arc marked, of VObelim Geum ^Alpinum^ making it akinde of Auens: in Englifh Ipotted Sanicle; of our London dames pratling Parnell. The fccond is called ofthefatnesorfulncsoftheleafc, oroffatning, inYorkfh're 'vhcre it doth efpecially gWwe, and in greateft abundance, it is called Bntterwoorts, Butter roote, and white roote, but that name belongeth more properly vnto Salomons fealc. S f 3 •&Tbe 6^6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE in-' & The temperature. They arc hot and drie in the third degree. •fr Thevertues. ^ The husbandmens wiues of Yorkfhire,do vfe to annoint the dugsof their kine with the fat and oilous iuice of the herbe Butterwoort,when they are bitten with any venemous worm, or chapped, rifted ,and hurt by any other meanes. f» They fay that it doth rot their fhcepe,when they arc for want of other food conftraincd to cate w thereof. f J Of Foxegloues. Chap.i6 4..' | Digitalis purpum* 2 Digit alia lute*. Purple Foxe gloue s Q W hitc Foxc gloues. ft The deferiptio ft. 1 'T^ Oxe gloues with the purple flo wer,is moft common; the leaues whereof are long,nicked in JH theedges,of a light greene,in manner like thofe of Mullein, butlefler, and notlodownic: the ftaike is ftraight, from the middle whereof to the top ftande the flowers, let in courfc one by another vpon one fide of the ftalkc, hanging downwardes with the bottoms vpwarde, in forme long, like almoft to finger ftals, whereof it tooke his name Digitalis , of a red purple colour, with certaine whitefpots dafht within the flower,after which come vp round heads, in which licth the leed,fomwhatbrownc,andaslmallas thofeofTime. The roots are many (lender firings. 2 That Foxe gloues with white flowers differeth not from the precedent, but in the colour of the fiowers/or as the others were purple,thefe contrariwile are of a milke white colour. Wc hauc in our gardens another fort heereof, which bringeth foorth moft pleafant yellow flo- wers^and fomewhat lefta then the common kinde,whercin they differ. H I S T O R IE OF PLANTS, <%7 VVc haue alfo another fort,which we call Digit alk ftrruginca , whole flowers arc of the colour of ruftic iron; whereof it tooke his name, and likewife inakem the difference. •til'll efface. Foxc glone groweth in barren fandic grounds ,anrl vnder hedges almoflcuery where. Thofc with white flowers do grow naturally in Landcfdale, and Crauen, in a field called Cragge clofc, in the north of England: likewife by Colcheflcr in Eflcx; necre Excefler in the weft pairs, and in fome fewe other placcs.The other two arc flrangers in England 3 neucrtheleffc they do grow with the others in my garden. $e The time . They flower and flourifh inlunc and Iuly. The names, >. Foxc gloues fome call in Greek 0ptkAXi? } & make it to be VerbafciJpeciem , of a kind of Mullein: in Latine Digitalis: in high Dutch jfW 0 fjCrf)UG and jffafitfier fraiit; in lowc Dutch, {gut 0 ec fjoet % French Gantesnojtre dame: inEnglifh Foxe gloues. •& The temperature. The Foxe gloues in that they are bitter,are hoc and drie,with a certaine kinde of clenfing quality joined therewith,yet are they of no vfe, neither haue they any place among medicines,according to the auncients. ie The vertues. Foxc gloue boiled in water or wine,and drunken,doth cut and confiime the chicke toughnefle of A groflc and flimic flegme and naughtie humours, it openeth alfo the flopping of the liner, fplecne, and milt,and of other inward parts. The fame taken in like maner, or boiled with honied water or fugar, doth fcoure and clenfe the B brefl,ripcncth andbringeth foorth tough and clammic flegme. They feme for the fame purpofes whereunto Gentian doth tende, and hath bcene vfed in fleadc C thereof,as Galen faith. Of TZaccharis out of Diofcorides, (fhap.165 Baccharu iJttonfpelicnfium. Plowmans Spiknard. *ti The deji rift/on. Bout this plant Baecharit, there hath becne great contention among thcoldandnevve writers; Mathiolrmnd Dodonaruhav.e. mif- taken this plant, for ncniza matoy^ or ConizA Hele - nitis Cordi ; Virgill and ^ithenam haue confoun¬ ded Baccharis, and oi frizarum togither: but follo¬ wing the auncient writers , it hath manyblackifh rough lcaucs,fomewhat bigger then the Icaucs of Primroferamong which rifetli vp a flalk two cubits high, bearing at the top little chaffie or fcalie flo¬ wers in final! bunches, of a darkc purple colour, which turne into downe,and are caried away with the vvinde,likc vnto the kinds of Thiflics: the roor is thicke, groffe, and fat, fpreading about in the earth, full of firings : the fragrant fmeil that the roote of this plant yeelaeth, may well be compa¬ red vnto the fauourof Cinnamom, Helemum, or Enula Campana, being a plant knowne vntove- riemany or mofl forts of people: I meane in mod parts of England. •tiTheplace. Baccharu delighteth to growe in rough & crag, gie places, andinaleanefbile where nomoiflurc is : it groweth very plentifully about Montpellier in France, aud di tiers places in the Weft parts of England. Sf 4 1 *7/,* 5 4 B the second eooke of the # 7 he time. It fpringeth vp in Apriil,it flowreth in lone,and perfeð his flede in Auguft. ft The names. The learned HerbariRs of Montpellier, haue called this plant Baccharis :the Grecians alter others by reafonof thatfweete and aromaticall fauour which his roote conteincth and yeeldcth : in Englifh it may be called the Cinamom roote,or Plowmans Spiknarde: FirgiU'm his feuenth ecloge of his Bucolicks, rnaketh mention of Baccharis-, and doth not onelv fhcw that it is a garland plant,but alfo fuch a one as preuaileth againft inchantrnents,faying, — Bacchare front em Cingitepe vati noceat mala lingua future. Dcckc the forehead of the Prophet with plowmans Spiknard, To keepe him from an ill toong that hurtes without regard. Baccharis is likewifl an ointment in Atheneus, in his i5.bookc, which may take his name of the fiveete herbe Baccharis: for as Plinie wntQthj^iriftophanes oi olde,being an ancient comicall poet, witnefleth ,that ointments were woont to be made of the roote thereof: to bebriefc, Crateuas hi* s^dfarum^ is the fame that Diofeortdcs his Batcharu is. The temperature. Baccharis or Plowmans Spiknard is of temperature very aflringent or binding. & Thevertues. A Baccharis ,or the deeo&ion of the roote,as Baultu AEgineta briefly fetteth downc, doth open the pipes and paflages that are flopped,prouoketh vrinc,and bringeth downe the defired fickneflc: the leaues thereof for that they are aflringent or binding,flop the courfl of fluxes and rheumes. B Baccharis is a lingular remedie to heale inflammations and Saint Anthonies fire, called Ignis fa* cer ,and the fmell thereof prouoketh fleepe. C The decodion ofthc roots of^tc/W^helpeth ruptures &conuulfions,thQfl alfo thathauc fal¬ len from an high place,and thofe that are troubled with the fhortnes of breath. D It helpeth alfo the old cough, and diflicukie to make water. E When it is boiled in wine, it is giuen with great profite againft the bitings of fcorpions, or anic venemous beaft 5 being implaiflercd and applied thereto. F A bath made thereof,and put into a clofe fiocle, and receiued hot, mightily voideth the birth, and furthered! thofe that haue extreme labour in their childing, caufing them to baueeafie deliuC" ranee. Of Elecampane . Chap .166* * He The defer iftion. E Lecampanc bringeth foorth prcfcntly from the roote great white leaues,fharpe pointed, aP moft like thofe of great Comfrey,but foft,and coucrcd with a hairie down, of a whitifh green colour,and are more white vnderneath,flightly nicked in the edges; the ftalke is a yarde and a. halfc long, aboue a finger thicke,not without downe,diuided at the top into diuers branches, vp- on the top of euerv fprig ftande great flowers, broad & round, of which not onely the long fmali leaues that compaffe round about are yellow, but alfo the middle ball or circle , which is filled vp with an infinite number of threds,& at length is turned into fine downe ;vnder which is {lender Sc long fled: the roote is vneeuen, thicke,and as much as a man may gripe,not long,oftentimes blac- kifh without,white within,and full of fubflance,fweete of finell,and bitter of tafte. Helenitim historie of PLANTS. 649 Hclenium. Elecampane* •ft The place. It grorveth in medowes that arc fat and fruitfulli it is alio oftentimes founde vp'on mountaincs,fha- dowie places,thatbe not altogither dry.-it groweth plentifully in the fieldes on the left hande as you go from Dunftable to Puddle hill; alfo in an orchards as yec go from Colbrook to Ditton ferrie,which is the way to Windfore, and in fundrie other places, as at Lidde, and Foikeftonc, neere tt> Doner by the fea fide! ft The time. The flowers are in their brauerie in Iune and Iu- lie: the rootes be gathered in Autumne,and often¬ times in Aprill and Maie. ft The names. That which the Grecians name ov, the La- tines cal! Inula, and Enula : in fhops Enulaempanai in high Dutch SfaiifivlUt? t in lowe Dutch gj> InntSSt lC0?teIe X in Italian Enoa, and Enola : in Spa- nifh Raiz, del alia : in French Enula Campane-. in En- glifhElecampane 3 and Sc ab woo rt 3 and horfeheale: fome report that this plant took the name HelenE um of Helena , wife to Menelaus , who had hir hands full of it when Parii ftole hir awaie into Phrygia. # T he temperature. The roote of this Elecampane, is maruellous good for many things,beingof naturehot and drie in the third degree,efpecially when it is drie: for be¬ ing greene and as yet full of iuicc, it is full of fuperfluous moifturc, which fomewhat abateth the hot and dry qualitic thereof. ft The vcrtucs. Itis good for fhortnesofbrcath,and an old cough, and for fuch as cannot breath vnlefie they j\ hold their necks vpright. It is of great vertue both giuen in a Iooch,which is a medicine to be licked on 3 & likewife prefer- g ued 3 as alfootherwife giuen to purge and voidc out thicke, tough, and clammie humours, which fticke in the cheft and lungs. The roote prelerued is good and holfbmc for the ftomackc: being taken after fupper it doth not q onely helpe digeftiotJ 3 but alfo keepeth the belly fbluble. The iuice of the lame boiled 3 driueth foorth all kindc of wormes ol the bellic,as Plinie tcacheth: £> who alio writeth in his twentie booke and fife chapter, the fame being chewed fatting, doth fallen the teeth. The root of Elecampane is with good fuccefle mixed with counterpoilbns:itis a remedy againft £ thebitings of ferpents: itrefiftethpoifon: it is good for them that are burften, and troubled with cramps and conuulfions. Some alfo affirmc, that the dcco&ionthcrcof, and likewife the fame beaten into powder and F mixed with honie in mancr of an ointrnent,doth clenfc and heale vp old vlcers. Galen faith 3 that heerwith the parts are to be made red, which be vexed with long 8c cold greefes: G as are diuers paflions of the hucklebones 3 called the Sciatica, and little and continual! bunnies and loofenes of ccrtainc ioints 3 by reafon of ouermuch tnoifture. 1 he deco&ion of Enula drunken prouoketh vrinc, and is good for them that are grietied with H inward burftings,orhaue any member out of ioint. The root taken with hony orfugar,made in an elc<ttuary 3 clenfeth thcbreft,ripeneth tough flegm, I andmakethiteafietobefpet foorth 3 and preuaileth mightily againft the cough and fhortnette of treath ,comfor teth the ftomacke alfo 3 and helpeth digcftion* The THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE The roores condited after the maner of c.ringos,leructh for the purpofes aforefaide. The roote of Enula boiled very fofr,and mixed in a morter with irefh butter, md the powder of Gineermiaketh an excellent ointment againft the itche,fcabs,mafiginc(E,atid fuch Eke. . , The motes are to be gathered in the end of September and kept for fundric vfcs,but it is efpeci- » ally preferued by thofe that make fuccade and fuch like. Of Sauce alone,*orfac\by the hedge, (fhap.167. if The defer rpticn. S h uce alone i s ioined with Garlick in name, notbicaufe it is like vntoit in forme, but in (mell: for if it be brufed or damped,it (inel- leth altogither like Garlicke: the leaues heereof are broad,of a light green colour, nicked round about,and (liarpc pointed: the dalke is (lender, about a cubitc high,about the branches where - ofgrowe little white flowers, after which come vp (lender, frnall, and long coddcs, and in thefc black feede: the roote is long,{lender and fomc- thing harde, the whole plant bein g brufed fmcb kth of Gadicke,whereofittookc his name. if The place. It growethof it felfc by garden hedges, by old walles,by highwaies (ides, or oftentimes in the borders offieldcs. i>? The time. It flowreth chiefcly in June and Iu!y,the (cede waxeth ripe in the meanc feafon. The leaues are vied for a faucc in March or April!. if The names. The later writers call it Csilli&rh and AlUarit, of feme Rsmit Mar:*, ’• it is not Scordium , or wa¬ ter Germandcrjwhich the apothecaries in times pad miftooke for this herbe; neither is it Scordij Jfecies , or a kind of water Germander, wherof wehauc written: it is reported to benamedof diners, Pes Afominm: it is called in high Dutch I&nQfclatiC!) feratlt, leucfttfj and feratlt: in lowc Dutch £®ck fOiD£t' £©Ck ♦ you may name it in Latine Allium non Bulbofmn in French Alii- ayre: m Englifh Sauce a!onc s and lackc of the hedge. , if The temper*ture. Iackeof the hedge is hot and drie,but much lefle then Garlicke,that is to faie, in the ende of the fecond dcgrce,or in the beginning of the thirdc.' if The vertues. ^ We know not what v(e it hath in medicine: diners cate the (lamped leaues heerof with (alt fifh. for a (aucc,as they do thofe ofRamfons. U Some alio boile the leaues in gliders which arevfedagaind thepaineof the collickc and done in which not onely winde is ootablie waded, butthepaincahbof the done mitigated t and veri< much eafed. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 651 Of ‘Dittanic. Chap.16$. I Victamnum Creticum, 2 Tfcudodicimntim* Dictanic of Candie, Baftard Dittanic. •feThc defer iption* X T'"v Ittanie of Crete now called Candie(as Diofccrides faith) is a hot and fharpe herbe, much It like vnto Peniroiall/auing that his leaucs be greater and fomewhat hoarie,couercd oner with a foft downe or white woolley cotton: at the top of the branches growe fmall fpikic cates or fcaley aglets, hanging by little fmall ftems,re{embling the fpikie tufts of Marierome, of a white colour; among which {calcs there do come foorth ftnall.ftowers like the {lewring of wheatc, of a red purple colour;which being paft,the knop is founde full of fmall feede,contrarie to the fay¬ ing o ^D/ofcorides, who faith, it neither beareth flower, norfeede ,but my fclfehaueieeneit beare both in my.garden : the whole plant perifhed in the winter following. . 2 The fccond kinde called Pfeudoditfamnum, that is,baftard Dittanie, is much like vnto the fir ft, failing that it is not ftveete of imell, neither doth it bite the toong, hauing rounde, foft, woolley ftalks,wkh knots and ioints,and at eueric knot two leaucs fomewhat round,foft, woolley,and fom- whar bitter: the flowers be of a light purple colour, compafling theftalkes by ccrtaine {paces like garkuids otwharles, and like the flowers of Peniroiall. The rooteis of a woodie fubftaunce: the whole plant groweth to the height of a cubite and an halfe,and lafteth long. . ■ -. v .l-jovd' ? QThepl&ce. The firft Dittanic commeth from Crete,an Hand which we call Candie,whete it growethnatu- ^I'y^haueibwenitinmygardenjWnereithathflow'rcdandbQrnefecde; but it perifbed by rea- fon of the inuiricof our extraordiuarie colde winter that then hapned: neuenhelelfe Diofcorides i. , ’ ‘ . . " ’ ’’ ' wiiteth | 6 52 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE writeth againd all truth, that it neither beareth flowers nor feedc: after Tbeophraftm } Virgil vvic- nefleth that it doth bcare flowers,in the 1 2 .of his AEneidos.* Tfiftamnumgenitrix Cretan Car fit ab Ida, '■ , pubertbtu caulent folijsfare comxntem Pur pureo. in Virgill But Venus much appald at this hir fonnes vnwoorthie painc, Greene Dittanie from Ida (acred mount in Crcta brings. The dalke with tender Ieaucs, and bloffome purple frefh that fprings. An herbe to Roe bucks wilde,and beads not tame right well be knowne Their backs when full of darts dofticke which hunters thicke haue throwne. & The time. They flower and flourifh in the (bmmer moneths,thcir feed is ripe in September. & The names. It is called in Greeke w: in Latine Dift am mm, of (bme Pulegiumfylueftre.pl wilde Penni- roiall: the apothecaries for Diftamnum with c in the firffc fyllable, do read Diptamnum with^:but this errour might be of fmall importance,if in dead of the leaues of Dittanie, they did not vfe the rootes of Praxinelk for Dittanie,which they falfely call Diftamnm : in Englifh Dittanie,andDit- tanieofCandie. The other is called P feuaodiftammm , or badard Dittanie, of the likenefle it hath with Dittanie, it skilleth not,though the (hops know it not: the reafon why,let the Reader gefief # The temperature. Thefc plants are hot and drie of nature. ie Thevertues. ^ Dittanie being taken in drinke, or put vp in a peflarie, or vfed in a fume, it bringeth away dead children: itprocureththemoncthly termes,and driueth foorththefecondincor afterbirth, g The iuice taken with wine,is a remedy againd the dingings offerpents. q The fame is thought to bee of fo drong an operation, that with the verie fmell alfo it driueth awaie venemous beads: and doth adonifh them. D It is reported likewife that the wilde goates and deere in Candie when they be wounded with ar- rowes,do (hake them out by eating of this plant,and healeth their wounds. £ It preuaileth much againd all wounds,and efpecially thofe made with inuenomed weapons, ar- rowes fhot out ofguns ,or fuch like,and is very profitable for Chirurgians that vfe the fea and lands wars,to carrie with them and haue in readines ,it draweth foorth alfo fplinters of wood, bones, or fuch like. < p The badard Dittanie, or ?[eudodift&mmm, is fomewhat like in vettues to the fird, but not of fo great force,yet it ferueth exceeding well for the purpofes aforefaid. Of "Borage . Cbap t z6p. # The kinder. T here is found at this day fewer forts of Borage,as (hall be declared in this prefent Chapter. & The deftription. S T) Oragc hath broad Ieaucs,rough,lying flat vpon theground,ofablackeorfwartgreeneco* JTj lour: among which rifeth vp a dalke two cubits high, diuided into diuers branches, where¬ upon do growc gallant blewe flowers,compofed of flue leaues a peece,out of the middle of which growe foorth blacke threds,ioined in the top,and pointed like a broch or pyramide: the root is threddie,and cannot away with the colde of winter. a Borage with white flowers is like vnto the precedent,but differeth in the flowers, for thofe of this plant are white,and the others ofa perfect blewe colour,wherein is the difference. i Bor ago HISTORIE 3 Bongofemper virerts. Ncucr dying Borage, OF PLANTS. «5J 2 Bor agoflare alho. White flowred Borage. 'fcThe defeription. 3 Neuer dying Borage hath many verie broade kaues 3 roughandhairie, of ablackedarke greene colour; among which rifevp ftiffehairieftalkes, whereupon do growe faire blew flowers,ripe feed, andbuds for newe flowers,all at once ; whereupon it was called Semper virens , and that very properly, bicaufe it is not to be leen neither winter nor fom- mer, but alwaies at one time, with greene leaues, faire flowers, buds,ripe andvnripe feed, wherby it greatly increaleth.The roote is very durable. There is a fourth fort of Borage,that hath leaues like the precedent, but thinner & lefler, rough and hairic,diuiding it felfe into branches at the bottom of the plant, whereupon are placed faire red flo¬ wers, wherein is the chiefefi: difference betweene this and the laft deforibed. it The place. Thcfe grow in my garden,and in others alfo. The time. Borage flowreth and flourifheth mod part of allfommer,and till Autumne be far Ipent. The names. Borage is called in fhops Borago : of the old wri¬ ters which is called in Latine Lingua Bu- hula; THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE bait: />//»y callcth \iE:ahroJimm)}\cm{c it make til i man merrie and ioyfull: which thing alfo the olde vctic concerning Borage doth teftifie: — . v- - . . - • Ego Bongo gaudiafemper ago. InEnglifh. I Borage bring alwaics courage. It is called inhigh Dutch 15 tUT£tfC§ ♦ in Italian Boragine .‘in Spanifh Bor aces • in low Dutch liable: in Englifu Borage. ft The temperature. It is euidently moift, and not in like fort hot, but feemeth to be inameanebetweene hot and colde. ft The vert net. A Thofc ofour time do vie the flowers in faIlads,to exhilarate and make the minde glad. There be alfo many things made of them,vfed euery where for the comfort of the hart,for the driuing away of forrowe,and increafing the ioie of the minde. '. B The leaues boiled among other potherbs,do much preuaile in making the bodie foluble, they being boiled in honied water, be alfo good againft the roughnes of the throte and hoarleneffe, as GaieKtczcheth. C The leaues and flowers of Borage put into wine,maketh men and women glad and merrie, and driueth away all fadnefle,dulneffe,and melancholias Dio fcorides and Elinie affirme. D Sirrupe made ofthe flowers of Borage, comforteth the hart,purgeth melancholie, quieteth the phrenticke or lunaticke perlbn. E The flowers of Borage made vp with fugar,doth all the afore faid, with greater force and effedt. F Syrupe made of the iuice of Borage with fugar, adding thereto powder of the bone in the heart ofan Hart, is good againft fwouuing, the cardiacke paflion of the hart,againft melancholy and the falling lickenefle. > t G The roote is not vied in medicine, the leaues eaten rawe ingendreth good bloode elpecially in thole that haue beene lately ficke. 0 / c BugloJfe. Cbap.iyo . ft Thekindes. T Ike as there be diuers forts of Borage, fo are there fundry of the Buglofles, notwithftanding af- -*“'ter Diojcorides, Buglofle is the true Borage; many are of opinion that the one is but a degenerate kinde from the other,yet will we diuide them according to tradition taken from the ancient fathers, Diojcorides i Pliniepasi& others. ft The defeription, 1 Hat which the Apothecaries call Buglofle, bringeth foorth leaues longer then thole of I Borage,fharpe pointed,greater then the leaues of Bectes,rough and hairie.The ftalke gro- weth vp to the height of two cubits,parted aboue into liindry branches; whereon are or¬ derly placed blewifh flowerstending to a purple colour before they be opened, and afterwardes more blewe.The roote is long, ifciicke s and groflc, and of long continuance. 2 Lang de Beefe is a kinde heereof,altogither lefler,but the leaues heereof are rougher, like the rough toong of an Qxc or Cowe,whereof it tooke his name. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6 55 •?: The flue. Thcie do growc in gardens euery where. ii 7 he time. They flower fimmMaie 3 orIune, euen to the cade of Sommer. The leaues pcrifh in winter,and newc come vp in the fpring. k Then Ames. Garden Bugloile is called of the later Herbarifts Bug/offa, and Buglojfa Domejh'ca, or garden Bu- glofic. Lange dc beefe,is called in Latine, Lingua bouts 3 and Buglojjum luteum , of feme Ha rac'to cognat urn, and alio Buglojfa fyluejlris , or wildc Bugloifc. k The temperature and vertues. The roote faith Diofcorides mixed with oile 3 cureth greenc vvounds 3 and adding therto a little bar- A ley mcale,itis arcmcdicagainft Saint Anthonies fire. It caufeth (wear in agues 3 as Bhnie faith, if the iuicc be mixed with a little aqua vit&> and the body g tubbed therewith. The Phifitions of the later time vfc the leaues, flowers, and rootes,in flecde of Borage 3 and put Q them both into all kindes of medicines indifferently 3 which are of force and vertue to driue awaic forrowe and penfiuenefie of the minde, and to comfort and ftrcngchen the hart. The leaues arc oflike operation with thofe of Borage, and are vied aspotherbes for the purpofes aforefaid, as well Bugloiie,as Lang debqefe 5 and alfo to keepc the bellie folublc. of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of nAikanet ormldeEuglofje. Qhap. 271 . c £* T he kin Acs. HP Here be fundric plants diuerfly called, and yet euericof them comprehended orcontcincd among the kindcs of wilde BuglofTes, whole figures to feefoorth particularly would both re¬ quire coft and alfo much labour 3 and yet to fmallpurpofe ;fo that it fhal fufllcc to fet foorth the pic¬ tures of feme and the bare deferiptions of the reft: whereof there be according to Diojcorsdes three kindcs (bcfidcs the common Buglofie and Landebcuf) that is to fay, Onoslia,^ficibiadi*^ and the third without a name which we make to be Onojfaa . And firft of 1 ^Anchufa AlcibUdion 2 Anchufa luted. Red Alkanct. Yellow Alkanct. ^ 7 he deferifthn. T Kcfe herbes comprehended vndcr the name of Anchufa were fo called of the Grcekc word*>^w«: iallinerefncsojvdpigmentiifhtjxis to colour or paint any thing:whcrupon thefe plants were called Anchufa of that flourifhing and bright red colour which is in the roote, eucnas red as pure and clecrc blood : for that is the onclynotcor markc whereby to diftinguifh thefe herbes from thofc which be called Echij, Lycopfis^ and Bugloffk, whereof they make a great rc- femblancc: I hauc therefore exp relied fower differences of this plant Ancbufa or Alkanct from the other kinds 5 by the leaues 3 ftowcrs 5 ahd bignefte. 1 The firft kinde of Alkanct hath many leaues like Ecbiumpi fmall Buglofie,couercd oucr with a prickly hoarincs,hauing commonly but one ftalk, which is round,rough,&a cubitchigh.Thccups of the flowers arc of a skic colour tending to purpIc,not vnlike the flowers of Echmm ; the feedcis finall/omcwhat Iong,and ofa pale colour: the roote is a finger thickc, the pith or inner part thcrof is HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6 ^ is of w'oodie fubftance, dying the hands or whatfoeuer toucheth the fame, of a bicodie colour , or ofthe colour of faunders. ^ The fccondkinde of Anchufa, or Alkanct,is of greater beautie and eftimation then the firft^thc branches are lefle and more buftiie in the top: it hath alfo greater plentie of leaues, and thofe mor« woolly or hairie : the flalke groweth to the heigl it of two cubits: at the top growe flowers of a ycl- lowe colour ,farre different from the other: the roote is more fhining, of an excellent delicate pur- plifh colour,and more full of iuice then the firft. There is a fmall kinde of Alkanet, whofe roote is greater and more full of iuice and fubftaunce then the rootes of the other kinds ; in all other refpe&s it is lefle,for the leaues are narrower, final- ler, tenderer, and in number more, very greene like vnto Borage, yeeldingfoorth many little ten¬ der ftalks: the flowers arc lefle then of the fmall Buglofle, and red of colour : the feedc is of an afhe colour fomewhat long and (lender,hauing the tafte of Buglofle. There is alfo another kinde of Alkanet,which is as the others before mentioned, a kind of wilde Buglofle,notwithftanding for diftindion fake,I haue feparated and feuered them. This laft Anchufa hath narroweleaues,much like vnto our common fommer Sauorie. The ftalkes are two handfuls high,bcaring very fmall flowers,and of a blewifh or skie colour; the roote is of a darke brownifli red colour,dying the hands little or nothing at all,and of a woodie fubflance. k The place. Thefe plants do grow in the fieldes of Narbone,and about Montpelier,and many other parts of ^--unce: I found thefc plants growinginthe He of Thanet neerevnto thefea, betwixt the houfc lc ^ctime belonging to SirHenne Crifte, and Margate: where Ifoundefomeintheir naturall ripe- nes,yetfcarcely any that were come to that beautifull colour of Alkanet: but fuchas is folde for very good in our Apothecaries fhops,I found there in great plentie. k The time. The Alkanets flower and flourifh in the fommer moneths: the rootes doyeelde their bloody iuice in haruefl: time,as Diofcondes writeth, k The names. Alkanet is called in Greeks in Latine alfo l Anchufa, ofdiuers Fucm herha, and Onoeleia , Bugloffa Hzftarica, or Spanifh Buglofle: in Spanifh Soagem: in French Orchanett: and in Englifh likewife Orchanet,and Alkanet. k The temperature. The rootes of Alkanet are cold and drie as Galen writeth, and binding, and bicaufe it is bitter it clenfeth awaie cholericke humours, the leaues be not fo forccable*, yet do they likewife binde and drie. # The virtues. Diofcorides faith,that the roote being made vp into a cerote, or fcrecloth with oilc, is very good for old vlcersjthat with parched barley meale it is good for the Ieprie,& for tetters or ring wormes. Thatbeingvfedasapeflarieit bringethfoorth the dead birth. g The decodion being inwardly taken with meade or honied water, cureth theyeIloweiaund:fe,Q difeales ofthe kidneies,the fpleene and agues. It is vfed in ointments for womens paintings: and the leaues drunke in wine is good againfl: the j) laske. Diuers ofthe later Phifitions do boile with the roote of Alkanet and wine, fwcete butter, fuch £ as hath in it no fait at all, vntill fuch time as it becommeth red,which they call red butter ,& giue it notoneiy to thofe that haue fallen from fome high place, but alfo report it to bee good todriue foorrh the meafels and (mail poxe,ifit be drunke in the beginning with hot beere. The rootes of thefe plants are vfed to colour flrups, waters, gellies,and fuch like confedions, as F Turnfoleis. Ichnof Ardernehath fetdowne,a compofitioncalled SanguuveneyU^ which is mod Angular in G deepe pundures or wounds made with thrufts,as followeth: Take of oile Oliue a pint, the rootes of Alkanet two ounces,earth woormes purged,in number twentie,boile them togither and keepe it tothe\feaforcfaid. The gentlewomen of Fraunce do paint their faces with thefe rootes,as it is faid. H Tt 1 Of s 5 8 the second booke of the & The definition. 1 T Teopfis Anglic a, or wilde Buglofle, fo called for that it doth not growe fo commonly el(e | where, hath rough andhairie leaues,fbmewhat Jefierthen the gat den Buglofle: the flowers grow for the moft part vpon one fide of the (lender ftalke,in faThtion hollow like a little bel, whereof fotne be blew,and others of a purple colour. 2 There is another kind of Eckium that hath rough &hairie leaues likewife^much like vnto the for¬ mer: the fta-lke is rough, charged full of little branches, which are laden on cueiy fide with diuers 1 mall n arrowe leaues,flharpe poinred,and of a browne colour, fcattered or (pred like little feathers: among which leaues growe the flowers,ofa fad blew or purple colour at the firft,but when they arc open they fhewetobeof an azure colour,long,and hollow,hauing certaine fmall blewe threds in the middle : the feede is fmall and blacke 3 fafhioned like the head of afnake or viper: the roote is longpmd red without. # The place. Lycopfis groweth vpon Hone wals,and vpon drie barren ftonie grounds. Ecrum groweth where Alkanet doth growe,in great abundance. # 1 he time. They flourifh when the other kinds of Buglofles do flower. ie Th: names. It is ca Hed in Greeke 'iytov , Echinm , and waju.&VJW •. Alcibiadion , of o ilcibiades the finder of the venues thereof; ol fome thought to be Anchufafiecies , or a kinde of Alkanet: in high Dutch wilde £'£|v'cn^hU 0 ||?n ♦ in Spanifh Term de U Bmorapx Chrtpamel: in Italian Buglojfi faluatica: in French V ~ Buglojfe p HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Englifh vipers Buglofle, Snakes Buglofle,and of fome vipers herbe, and wildc The temperature. Thefe herbes are colde and drie of complexion. ft 7 hevertues. The roote drunke with wine is good for thofe that be bitten with ferpents, and it keepethfuch A from being ftung as haue drunke of it before; the leaues and feedes do the fame, as Dioforides wri- teth: Wjeander in his bookc of Treacles, maketh vipers Buglofle to be one of thofe plants, which cure the biting of ferpents,and efpecially of the viper,and that driue ferpents away. If it be drunke in wine or otherwife,it caufeth plentie of milke in womens brefts. Theherbe chewed,and the iuice fwallowed downe, isamoft lingular remedieagainft poifon, and the bitings of any venemous beafts,and the roote fo chewed, and laide vpon the fore worketh the fame efleft. Baglojfe fauudge: in Buglofle the lelfer. Of Houndes toong. CM-ty Cynogloffum. Hounds toong. ft The defeription. He common Houndcs toong hath long leaues,much like the garden Buglofle,but narrower,fmaller,and not rough at al,but yet fome fine hoarinefle or foftnefle like veluet. Thefe leaues ftinke very filthily, much like vnto the pifle of dogs: wherefore the Dutch men haue called it ^OtmU0ptlfCj and not Hounds toong. The ftalks are rough,hard,two cubits high,and of a browne colour,bearing at the top many flowers, of a darke purple colour; the feedc is rough, clea¬ ning to garments like Agrimonie feede: the root blacke andthicke. We haue receiucd another fort heereoffrom the parts of Italie,hauing leaues like woade,fome- what rough,and without any manifeft fmel, wher- initdifferethfromthe common kinde, the feedc whereof came vnder the title Cynoglcjfum Creti - cum hounds toong of Candie We haue another fort of Hounds toong like vnto the common kinde, failing it is altogither leffer: the leaues are of a fhining grecne colour, ft The place. The great Hounds toong groweth almoft cue- rie where,by high waies and vntoiled grounde: the fmall Hounds toong groweth very plentifully by the waies fide, as you ride Colchefter highway from Londonward, betweene Efterford and Wit- tam in Eflex. ? time. They flower in Iune and Iulic. ft The names. Hcundes toong is called in Gieeke = in Latinc Lingua Canis 0 of Flirty Cynogloffos ,and fheweth two kindes thereof: in Englifh Hounds toongs ;but rather Hounds pifle, for in the world there is not any thing fmelleth fo like vnto dogs pifle, as the leaues of this plant do. ft The nature. Hound ■ toong but efpecially his roote,is colde and drie. Tt s %.The O W 65 o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & Thevertues. A The rootes of Houndcs toong rolled in the embers and hide to the fundament, healeth the hemorrhoides,and the difeafecalled Ignis Sacer^oi wilde fire. B The iuice boiled with honie ofrofes and Turpentine,to the fonne ofan vnguent,is moft Angular in wounds and deepe vlcers. C I )iofeondes faith ,that the leaues boiled in wine and drunke, do mollifie the bellie, and that the leaues (lamped with old Twines greafe, are good againft the failing away of the haire of the hcadc, which proceedeth of hot fharpe humours. D Likewife they are a remedie againft fealdings or burnings, and againft the bitings of dogs 3 as the fame author addeth. Of Comfrey > or the great Confound. Chap. 274 .. I CottjolifU maforiflorepurpurea. 2 Confilidi maior^jlore nlbo. Comfrey with purple flowers. Comfrey with white flowers. is Thedeferiptiorr] 1 &alks ofthis Comfrey is cornered,thicke, and hollowe like that of Sowthiftle,it grow* | eth two cubits or a yarde fiighrthe leaues that fpring from theroote,and thofe that growc vpon the ftalks are long 3 broade 5 rough 3 and pricking withall, fomething hairie, and that being handled,make the hands itch, very like in colour and roughnes to thofc, pfBorrage, butlon- ger and fharpe pointed,as be the leaues of Elecampane: from out the wings of the ftalkes appeere tlie flowers,orderly placedjlong, hollowe within, of a light redde colour: after them groweth the feed which is blacke: the roote is long and thicke,blackc without,white within, hauing in it a clam- mie iuice, in which roote confifteth the verttie. 2 The great Comfrey hath rough hairie ftalks,!ong rough leaues,much like the garden Buglofie, but greater and blacker:the flowers be round and hollowe like little beIs,of a white colourrthc root is biacke vvithouc,and white within and very flimic. There HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. €61 There is another kinde of Comfrey that hath leaues like the former, failing that they belefler: the (Talks are rough and tender: the flowers areTike the former , but that they be of an ouerworne yellow colour: the rootes are thicke,fhort,bIacke without,and tuberous. . The place. Comfrey ioyeth in vvatrie ditches,in fat and fruitfull medowes; they grow all in my garden. #7 he time. # 'The names. It is called in Greeke :in Latine Symphytum , and Solidago : in fhops Confolida major , and Symphytum mam : of Scnbonhts Largm,Inula ruHicayxnd Alus GalUca , of others OJleocollon : in high Dutch Mlalttm’ttf ♦ in low Dutch *in Italian Confolida maggiorc : in Spanifh Suelda. matoreyndiConfuelda mator : in French Confire, and Oreille d'afne : in Hnglifh Comfrey,Comfrey Con- found 3 of fome Knit backe 5 and Black woort. J The temperature. The roote of Comfrey hath a colde qualitie Jaut yet not much: it is alfo of a clammie and gluing moifture,it caufeth no itch at all,neither is it of a lharpe or biting tafte,vnfauorie, and without anie qualitie that may be tailed, fofarre is the tough and gluing moifture from the lharpe clamminefle of the fea Onion 3 as thatthere is nocomparifon betweene them. The leaues may caule itching not thorow heat or fharpnefle 3 but through their ruggednes^as we haue a jreadie written, yetlefle then of Nettle. . ; r Jc Thevertues. The rootes of Comfrey llamped 3 and the iuice drunke with wine 3 helpeth thole that fpit bloude, A and healeth all inward wounds and burllings. Thefamebrsifedandlaidetoinmannerofaplailter, doth heale allfrefh and greene woundes, B andarefoglutinatiue 3 that it will fodder or glewe togithermeatethatischopt inpeece* feetliing in a pox, and make it in one lumpe. The rootes boiled and drunke,doth clenfe the brelt from flegme, andcureth thegreefes of the C lungs,elpecially if they be confedt with lugar in fyrupe 3 it preuaileth much againll ruptures or bur- llinges. ' 1 he llimie fubllance of the roote made in a poflet of ale, and giuen to drinke againll the paine in D thebacke,gottenby any violent motion,as wrallling,or ouermuch vie of women, doth in lower or flue daies perfectly cure the fame: although the inuoluntarie flowing of the feed in men be gotten thereby. 'The rootes of Comfrey in number fower, Knotgrafle,and the leaues of CIarie,of eche an hand- g full,being llamped aItogither,andftrained,and a quart ofMulcadellput thereto,the yolkes of three egges 3 and the powder of three Nutmegs, drunke full and laft,is a moll excellent medicine againll Gonorrhoea or running of the raines,and all paines and confumptions of the backe. There is likewife a lyrupe made heereof to be vfed in this cafe,which ITaieth voiding of blonde: F tempereth the heate of agues, allaieth the fharpnefTe of flowing humours: healeth vp vlcers of the lunges, and helpeth the cough: the receit whereof is this :Take two ounces of the rootes of great Comfrey,one ounce of Lyquorice; two handfuls ofFolefoot rootes and allfone ounce and a halfe ofPine apple kernels ;twentie iuiubes 5 two drams or a quarter of an ounce ofMallowe feede; one dram of the heads of Poppie; boile all in a fuffiaenrquantitie of water,till one pint rematne, llraine it, and adde to the liquor {trained fixe ounces of very white fugar,and as many of the belt honie,and make heereof a fyrupe that mult be throughly boiled. The fame fyrupe cureth the vlcers of the kidneies,though they haue been of long continuance : G and ftoppeth the bloud that commeth from thence. Moreouer it ftaieth the ouermuch flowing of the monethly ficknelle taken euery day, for certain H daies togither. It is highly commended for wounds or hurts ofal the reft alfo of theintrailes and inward parts, I and for buntings or ruptures. The rootes ltamped and applied vnto them,taketh away the inflammation ofthe fundament,and K ouermuch flowing of the hemorrhoides. They flower in June and Inly 66i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ' 'i Of Cow flips offerufalem. Chap . Z75. l , • y it The kindes. 1 2 3 4 T Hereto diners forts of Cowflipsof lerufalem, being the true Lungwoorts, differing oncl yin colour of the flowers efpecially 3 as fhall be declared. it The defer lotion, 1 Owflips of Ierufalem or the true and right Lungwoort,hath rough,hairie 3 & large leaues, 1. of a brownegreene colour, confufedly fpotted with diuers fpots, ordroppes of white: amongft which fpring vp certaine ftalks^a fpan long,bearingat the top many fine flowers, growing togither in bunches like the flowers of Cowflips,failing that they be at the firft red or pur¬ ple, and fbmtimesblewe.and oftentimes of all thefe colours at once.Thc flowers being fallen, there come fin all buttons full of feed.Theroote is blacke and threddie. 2 The fccond kind of Lungwoort is like vnto the former,but greater in ech refpedb the leaues big* ger then the former,rcfembling wilde Buglcfie,yet fpotted with white fpots like the formerrtheflo- wers are like the other,but of an exceeding fhining red colour. 3 Caroline Influx fetteth foorth a thirdc kinde of Lungwoort,which hath rough and hairie leaues, like vnto wilde Bugloffe,but narrower: among which rifeth vpaftalke afootehigh, bearing at the top a bundle of blew flowers,in fafhion I ke vnto Sopewoort. 4 Pena fetteth foorth likewife a kinde of Lungwoort which naturally grovveth in Fraunce, whole leaues are like vnto Endiuc: the flowers yellowe,and like vnto the Haukeweedes, both which hauc no vie in Phificke. * 3 Pulmottam i H I ST O R I E d‘F P L AN T S. 66 $ 3 ?ulmonirhd#ppfomij.Cltifii. WVv*. 4 fklrimarU GaNorttm. Narrow leafed Cowflips of Ierufalem, French Cowflips of Ierufalem, 'A The pace. Thefeplants do growein moifl fhadowiewoods , and arc planted almoft euery where fn gar¬ dens. *& The time. They flower for the moll; part in March and April!. . ,n. . . r . - a he names. — Cowflips of Ierufalem, or Sage of Ierufalem ,is called of the Herbarifts of our time, Palme* nxrUy and Pulmondu ; q£ CordwySymphytmt JylueJlre, or wilde Comfrey: but feeing the other is alfoof nature wilde, it may aptly be called Symphytum maculojtm , or Maculatum' in high Dutch LungEftfctaUt t itilow'Durch Cnfec^CUlUCil UtelCkCnujtiinEnglifli /ported Comfrey, Sage of Ierufalem, Cowflip of Ierufalem, Sage ofBethlem, and offome Lungwoortj notwitbftanding there is another Lungwport,ofwhich we will intreat among the kindes ofMofles. ie The temper at we. Pulmomriafhovhd beoflike temperature with the great Comfrey if the rootc of this were clam- mie: but feeing that it is hard and woodie,it is of a more drying qualitie,and more binding. A Thevertues. Theleaucsare vfed among pot herbs. The roots are alfo thought robe good againft the irifirmi- A ties and vlcers of the lungs ,and to be of like force with the great Comfrey. Tt 4 Of SsSSifei S--.5 r s THE SECOND EOOKE OF THE 0 /" C/oteBurre, or'BurreDockg. Cbap.176. i Bardeina mafar. The great Burre Dockc. 2 Bar dan a minor. Thelefle Burre Docke. •fa The deferiptfax. Lot Burre bringeth foorth broad leaues and hairie, far bigger then the Ieaues of Gourde and of greater compafie,thicker alio,and blacker , which on the vpper fide are ofa darke greene colour ,and on the neather fide lomewhat white : the ftalke is cornered, thicke,be- fet with like Ieaues but farrelefle, diuided into very many wings and branches, bringing foorth greatBurres round like bullets or bals, which are rough all oner, andfuIJof fharpe crooking pric¬ kles, taking holde on mens garments as they pafie by; out of the tops whereof groweth a flower thrummedjOr all of thrcds,ofcolour purple: the leede is perfe&ed within the round bailor bullet, and this feedewhen the burres open, and the windebloweth, is caried away with the vvinde : thc % roote is long,white within,and blacke without. 2 The lefier Burre hath Ieaues farre imaller then the former, of alight green colour like to thole of Orach, nickedroundabouttheedges :theftalkeisafooteandahalfehigrg full of little blade fpotSjdiuiding it felfe into many branches: the flowers before the Burres come foorth do compallc the (mall llalkes round about, they are but little and quickly vade away: then followe the Burres or the fruit out of the bolbme of the leaues, in forme long, on the tops of the branches, as bigge as an Oliueora Cornell berrie, rough like the bawles of the Plane tree, and being touched cleaue faft HIS TO RIF- OF PLANTS. 66 5 fafl vnto mens garments; they do not open at all, but beingkept clofofhut bring foorth long leedes. The roote is faftned with very manie firings, and groweth not deepe. k The flue. The firft groweth euerie where: the feconde 1 foundein the high waie leading from E?rai- ton to Iuer, two miles from Colbrookc, fince which time I hauefounde it in the high waie be- tweene Stancs andEggham. 'k 7 he time. Their feafon is in Iulie and Auguft. kThe names. The great Burre is called in Greeke = in Latine Perfenata,perfonatia ,and in fhops Bar dun a, and Lappa maior : in high Dutch X in lowe Dutch Citfl'CH; in French Glouteron: in Englifh Great Burre, Burre Docke,or Clot Burre: ^fpalem befides thefe doth al(o fetdowne ccrtaine other names belonging to Clot Burre, as Dardana,Bacchion y Elephantoftsf\Ie- pheliottjManifolium. The lefler Burre Docke is called of the Grecians Sayd/oy. in Latine Xanthium\ in fhops Lappa, minor. Lappa inuerfageod. of diuers Strum aria • Galen faith it is alfo called phafganion , & Phaftpanon^ or herbe Victorie, being but baftarde names, & therefore not properly Co called: in Englifh Loufe Burre, Ditch Burre,and lefler Burre Docke; it feemeth to be called Xanthium of the effedl, for the Burre or fruite before it be fully withered being damped and put into an earthen vefTell, and after-* wards when need requireth the weight oftwo ounces thereof and fomewhat more,being fteeped in warme water and rubbed on,makcth the haires of the head red; yet the head is firft to be drefled or rubbed with nitcr,as D/oft or ides writeth. k The temperature . Theleauesof Clot Burre are of temperature moderately drie and wafting; the roote is fomc- thing hot. The feedeof the lefler Burre as Galen faith,hath power to digeft, therefore it is hot and dric. kThe vertues. The roote s being taken with the kernels of Pine apples, as Viftorides witnefleth, are good for them that fpit bloud and corrupt matter. Apuleins faith,that the fame being ftamped with a little fait and applied to the biting of a madde g dogge.cureth the fame,and Co fpeedily fetteth free the ficke man. He alfo teachethjthat the iuice of the leaues giuen to drinke with honie,procureth vrine, and ta- Q keth away the paines of the bladder, and that the fame drunkc with oide wine doth vvoonderfully helps againft the bitings of lerpents. Ct//«^’il / 4declareth,thattheherbebeatcnwithfaItandlaidvponthefcanfying, which is made with the launce or rafor,draweth out the poifon of the viper; and that alfo the roote being ftamped is more auaileable againft forpents ,& that the roote in like maner is good againft the kings euil. The ftalkofClot Burre before the burs come foorth, the rinde pilled of, being eaten rawe with £ fait and pepper,or boiled in the broth of fat meate, is pleafant to be eaten: being taken in that man¬ ner,it increafeth feed and ftirreth vp luft. Alfo it is a good noimfhment,efpecialIy boiled, if the kerncll of the Pine apple be like wife ad- F deditisthe better, and is no lefle auaileable againft the vlcerof the lungs, and {pitting of blond then the roote is. The roote ftamped and drained with a good draught of ale, is a moft approoued medicine for a G windie and colde ftoniacke. Treacle of Andromachus,and the whites ofcgges,of eche a like quantitie, laboured in a leaden H rnortar,andfpredvpontheBurre leafe,andfo applied to the gout, hauebeeneprooued oftentimes moft miraculo ufly to appeafe the paine thereof. Dioftondescommcndcth the decodtion ofthe rootes o CArcion with the feed, againft the tooth- 1 ache ifit be holden a while in the mouth: alfo that it is good to foment therewith both burnings & kibed heeles,and aftirmeth that it may be drunk with wine againft the ftrangury,& paine in the hip. Dioftorides reporteth,that the fruit is very good to be laid vnto hard dwellings. K The roote deane picked,wafhed, ftamped and drained with Malmf'ey, hclpeth the running ofL the raincs,the whites in women,andftrengthneth the backe,if there be added thereto the yolkes of eggcsjthe pouderof acornes,and nutmegs bruedor mixed togither,and drunk firft andb.fi. Of 6<S6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Coltesfoote, or Horfe foots. Cbap.zyj. I Tuf&lagoflorens*. Coltes footc in floweiv 2 TnJ&lagimfolia. The leaues of Coltes footc. tfr The defeript ton. i Vfihgo or Folefoote 3 hath many white and long creeping rootes, fomewhat fat j from | which rife vp naked ftalkes(in the beginning of March and Aprill)about a fpan long, bea^ ring at the top yellow flowers which change into downe , and are caried awaie with the winde 3 when the ftalke and feedc is periflied, there appeere ipringingoutof the earth many great broad leaues,greene aboue^and next the ground of a white hoarie or grayifh colour/afhioncd like an horfe foote,for which caufeit was called Folefoote,and Horfehoofe 3 feldome or neucr fhalyou finde leaues and flowers at oncc 3 but the flowers are pah: before the leaues come out of the ground, as may appeere by the firft pi 61 ure ? which fetteth foorth the naked ftalkes and flowers; andby thcfc- cond which pourtraiteth the leaues onely. ’k The place. This groweth of it felfe neere vnto iprings,and on the brinkes ofbrookes and riuers, in wet fur- rowcsjby ditches fides 3 and in other moift and watrie places neere vnto the lea almoft cuery where. t hi he time. The flowers which quickly fade 5 are to be feenc in the end of March,and about the Calends of Aprilljwhich fpeedily wither togither with the items, after them growe foorth the leaues, which remains greene all fomtner long : and hecrcupon it came that Coltsfoots was thought to be without flowers, which thing alio Tlinie hath mentioned in his flxe and twentic booke, and flxt Chapter. k The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ‘ 66j The names. Folefoote is called in Greeke tifyev ■ of the Latines likewife Bechion, and Tuftilago • in (hops Far- fara and Vngula Caballing of diners Pata equina: in Italian vnghia dt C audio: in Spanifh vnhadl \fno- in French d'afne: in Englifh Folefoote, Cokes foote, Horlehoofe, and Bulfoote. Thefameis alfo chamdeuce y wh\c\i Pknie \nh\s 28.booke i5.chap.reporteth to be likewife called Farfu?ium, and Farranum, (if rherebenotanerrour inthecopie) which thing alfo i^detim in his firft booke affirmeth,pretermitting the name of Bechium, and attributing vnto it all the vertues and faculties of Bechium^t Coltsfoot,whofe opinion Onbajhufcc meth to be of in his 15. booke of his medicinable collections, making mention of Chamdeuce: onely Plinie alfo agreeth with them, (hewing that fomethinke 3 that Bechium is called by another name Chamdeuce ^ in his 2^. booke tf.chap.and it may be that Viofcorides hath written of one and the felfefame herbe in fundric places, and by diuers names. Bechtum and Tuftilago{ which may alfo be Englifhed Coughwoort) fo cal¬ led of the effedt,>nd Farfara, of the white poplar tree,.to whofe leaues it is like, which was named of the ancients Farfarus, as phut us writeth in his Comeaie called P anulus: —vijctim legioni dedi fundafque ; eos pr after neb am vtfolia Farfari: To the company I gatie both lime bu(h and fling. That to the ground as Poplar leaues I might them fling. The white Poplar tree is called in Greeke and heereupon Bechion or Cokes foote, was alfo called Chamdeuce. The temperature and'vertues. The leaues of Cokes foote,as yetfrefh and greene,are fomething cold, and haue withall a dry- A ing qualitie: they are good for vlcers and inflammations; but the dried leaues are hot and drie,and fomwhat biting. A decoftion made of the greene leaues and rootes ,or elfe a fyrupc therof,is good for the cough, B that proceedeth of a thine rheume. The greene leaues of Folefoote pound with honie,docurc and heale the hot inflammation cal- C led Saint Anthonies fire,and all other inflammations. The fume of the dried leaues taken through a funnell or tunnell,burned vpon coales, effectually D helpeth thofe that are troubled with the fnortnefTe of breath,and fetch their winde thicke and of¬ ten,and breaketh without perill the impoflumes of the bred. Being taken in manner as they take Tabaco , it mightily preuaileth againft the difeafes afore- E (aide. ; _ .r . . : .. ’• - • ■P ’ n - ■ < , I. \ .s < i i '• I OfTSutterlyurre . The defer iption. 1 T) VtterBurre doth in like manerbring foorth flowers before the leaues, as doth Coltesfoot, fj but they arc fmall, moflie, tending to a purple colour.which being made vp into a big eare, as it were,do quickly togither with the ftem which is thicke, full of fubftaunce and brickie, I wither and fall away: the leaues are verie great like to a rounde cap or hat,called in La tine Petafus , of fuch a widenefle, as that ofit felfe it is bigge and large inough to keepe amans head from raine, and from the heateofthefunne 5 and therefore they be greater then the leaues of the ClotBurre, of colour fomething white,vet whiter vnderneath,euery (femme beareth his leafe.<the ftemme is of¬ tentimes a cubite long, thicke, full of fubftaunce; vpon which ftandeth the leafeinthe center or middlemoft part of the circumference or verie neere , like to one of the greateft Mufhroms (but that it hath a cleft that ftandeth about the ftem , efpecialiy when they are in penfhing and withe¬ ring away tat the firft the vpper fuperficiall, oroutfideof the Mufhroms ftandeth out, and when they ate in withering ftandeth more in,andeuenlo the leafe ofButter Burre hath on the outfidea ccrtaine (hallow hollownes: the roote is thicke,long, blacke without, white within,of tafte fbme- j w hat hitter,and is oftentimes woorme eaten, i Pentafttes 66 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Pettfttesfiorens. 2 Pettfitisfolit. Butter Butte in flower. The leaues of Butter Burre. and ponds 3 alnioft euery where. H The time. The eare with^he flowers flonrifli in A prill: then come vp the leaues which continue till win- tcr 3 with newe ones ftill growing vp. The names. Butter Burre is called in Oreeke of the hugenefle of the Ieafethat is liketo^Wsv, ora hat:theLatinesdoaUbcalIitP(?^/&^:inhigh Dutch X in low Dutch tsisll3£tcn t in English it is named Butter Burre ; it is very manifeft that this is like to Cokes foote 3 and of the lame kinde. it The temperature. Blitter Burre is hot and drie in the lecond degree^and of thinne parts. it The verities. A The rootes of Butter Burre ftaniped with ale,and giuen to drink in peflilent and burning feauers, • mightily cooIeth 3 and abateth the heate thereof. B-, The rootes dried arid beaten to powder and drunke in wine, is a foueraigne medicine againfl: the plague and peftilent feauers 5 bicaule it prouoketh fweat,and driueth from the hart all venome and i|l heat; killeth wormes 3 and is of great force againft the fuffocation of the mother. C The fame cureth all naughtie filthie vlcers,if the powder be ftrowed therein. 13 The lame killeth wormes in the belly5prouoketh vrine,and bringeth down the monethly termes. Of historie of plants. 6(9 Of [mall Celandine,or Tilemort. Chap . 279 . it T he ktndes. T' Here be two kitidcs of Celandine, according tb the olde wrirers, much diffocing in forme ?.n,d 1 figure: the one greater,the other Idler, which I intende to deu.de mto two d.lhnd chapters, marlhalling them as ncere as may be with their hke,tn forme and figure, and hi ft or the final. Ce- landine. Chelidonium minus. . , - . . , Pile vvoort. * Thedefer,pM. T He leflcr Celandine hath greene rounds Ieaues,fmooth,llipperie, andfhinir.g, Idle then theleaues oftheluie : the ftalkes are {lender, flhort, and tor the 1110ft part creeping vp- on the ground: they bring foorth little yellowc flowers like to thole of Crowfoote, and after the flowers there fpringeth vp a little fine knop or head full of feede: therooteconfifleth of (lender firings, on which do hang as it were certaine graines , of the bignefie of Wheate comes, or bigger. it The place: It groweth in medowes, by common waies, by ditches and trenches, & is common cuery where, in moift and dankifh places. it The time. It commeth foorth about the Calends of March,and flowreth a little after: itbeginneth to fade away in Aprill, it is quite gone in May, after¬ wards it is harde to be founde, yea Icarfely the roote. it The names. It is called in Greeke ^iJb’ytoi: of thcLatines Chelidonium minus , and Kir undin aria minor , of diuers Scrophularia minor fPicaria minor: of Sera - pio 'JMlemtren : in Italian Fauofceliod n high Dutch jag&tirtfenhraig; X in French Efclere, and Petit SafUnet : in Englifh little Cdandine,Figgewoort,and Pile woort. it The temperature. It is hot and drie,alfo more biting and hotter then the greater: it commeth neereft in facultie to the Crowfoote,. it The vertues. It prefently as Galen and Diofcorides vfiiimc , exul^eratethorblifiercth the skinne: itmaketh A rough and corrupt naiies to fall awaie. 1 he iuice of the roots mixed with honie, and drawne vp into the nofihrils, purgeth the head of B foule and filthie humours. 1 he later age vfe the rootes and graines for the piles, which being often bathed with the iuice C mixed with wine, or with the fickmans vrine, arc drawne togithcr and dried vp,and the paine quite taken away. There be alfo who thinke^hatiftheherbcbebutcaried about one that hath the piles, the paine D 'orthwith ceafeth. or THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 670 Of marfh z^VCarigolde, Chap, 280. T" 1 Here be foundc at this daie three forts of marfh Marigolds; the auncients haue deferibed but A one. S {.althapalujiris maior, 2 C<hapalujlrisminor, The great marfh Marigolde. The fmall marfh Marigold. The temper Ature, 1 TV A Arfh Marigold hath great broad leaues fbme what round,fmooth,of a gallant greeneco- Jyl lour, flightly indented or purlde about the edges, among which rife vp thicke fat ftalkes, likewife greenejwherupon do growe goodly yellow flowers, glittering like gold, and like to thole of Crowfoote, but greater: the rootc is fmall,compofed ofverie manic firings. 2 The fmaller marfh Marigold hath manie rounde leaues fpred vpon the grounde, of a darke greene colour: among which rile vp diuers braunches, charged with the like leaues :the flowers growe at the top of the braunches, of a moft fhining yellowe colour: theroote is like the for¬ mer. 3 The great marfh Marigolde with double flowers is a ftranger in England,his natiue countrey Thould feeme to be in the furthefl parts of Germanie, by the relation of: a man of thole countries that I haue had conference withal!, the which he thus deferibed: ithathlaithhe, leaues, rootes, and flalkes,like thole of our common fort, and hath double flowers like thole of the garden Mari¬ gold, wherein confifleth the difference. 3 Cdlth.i 3 Calthapaluftris multiplex. Double flowrcd marfh Marigold. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The place. 62i Theyioyinmoiftandmarifh groundes, and in watery medowes. ft The time. They {lower in the Spring when the Crowfoots do 5 biit fomewhatlater,ofrentimes in Ibmmei; the leaues keepe their greenenefie all the winter long. ft 7 he names. Marfh Marigold is called of Valerius Cordue, C Alt ha, paluflris 5 of 7 aber CMontantS 6 7 Populago_ but not properly: in Englifh Marfh Marigoldcs, in Chefhire and thofe parts it is called Bootes. ft The temper atti re and vertues. Touching the faculties ofthefe plants, we haue nothing to faie,either out of other mens writings, or our owne experience. Morgue Ran#. Froggebit. Of Frogge bit. Q.hap . 281 . * The defeription. •Hereflotethor Iwimmeth vponthevp* 1 > T B '] 1 per parts of the water a fmall plant, which vve vfually cal Frogge bit,hailing litle round leaues,thick & fulof mice,very like to the leaues of wall Peniwoort: the flowers g.ow vpon long ftemmes among the leaues of a white colour, with a certaine yellow thrum in the mid¬ dle, confiding of three leaues: in (lead of rootes it hath fleder firings, which grow out of alhorc & (mail head,as it were, from whence the leaues fpring, in the bottom of the water: from which head alfo come forth flopewife certaine firings, by which growing foorth, it multiplieth itfelfe. ft The place. It is founde fwimming or floting almofi in euery ditch, pond,poole,orftanding water, in all the ditches about Saint George his fieldes, and in the ditches by the Thames fide neere to Lam¬ beth marfh, where any that is difpoied may fee it. ft The t.me It flourifheth and flowreth moft part of al the ycere. ft The names. It is called of fome Ran# morgue, and Morgue Ran#, and Js[jgmph#a payua. ft 'l he 67 * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i? The temperature andvertues. It is thought to be Speciesfontafay or l j otmogcitonu^V\x\&z of Ponde wcede , and to hatiethe fame faculties that belong vnto it. Of water Lillie . Qhaf, z%%» 1? The kind's. There be diuers forts of water Lillies,fome greatcr,and others leffer. I Nymph aa alba, W hite water Lillie. 2 Nymph aalutea. Yellow water Lillie, tfc The defeription* T He white water Lillie or Nenuphar > hath great round leaues ,in fhape ofa buckler, thick, r .... ■ fat,and full ofiuice, {landing vpon long round and fmooth footeftalks, full ofa fpungious fubftance, which leaues do fwim or dote vpon the top of the water: vpon the end of ecne llalke groweth one flower onely,ofcoIour white , confiding of many little, long, fharpe pointed leaues,in the middeft whereof be many yellow threds: after the flower it bringeth foorth a rounde head,in which licth blackifh glittering feede. The rootes be thicke, full of knots, blacke without, white and fpungie within,out of which groweth a multitude of firings, by which it is faflned in t ie bo t come. 2 Tnc -} * HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 2 The leaues ofthe yellow water Lillie be like to the other,yet are they a little longer.The (hikes ofthe flowers and leaues be like: the flowers be yellowc,confiftingonely of fine little fhort leaues foine thing round; in the middeft of which groweth a (mall round head,or-button,, fharpe towards the point,compafied about with many yellowe thrcds,in which, when it is ripe, he alfo glittering feedes, greater then thofe ofthe othcr,and letter then Wheat comes. The roots be thick,long,fee with certaine dents,as it were white both within and without, of a fpungious fubftancc. 3 Nymph nibx minor. The fmall white water Lillie. 4 Nymph#* minor lutea. The fmall yellow water Lillie. # The deferipiioit* 3 The fmall white water Lillie floteth likewife vpon the water, hauing a fingleroote, with fo me fewe fibres faftned theretorfrom which rifeth vp many long, rounde,fmooth,and foftfooteftalkes, fome of which dobring foorth atthe endefaire broad rounde buckler leaues like vnto the prece¬ dent, but letter: on the other footcftalkcs ftande pretie white flowers, confitting of flue fmall leaues a peece,hauing a little yellowe in the middle thereof. 4 The fmall yellowe water Lillie, hath a little threddic rootc,creeping in the bottotne of the wa¬ ter,and difperfing it felfe farre abroad;from which ri fe fmall tender ftaIkes.,finooth and fof t,wherc« on do grow little buckler leaues like the Iaft deferibed; likewife on the other fmalfftalke ttandeth a tuftof many flowers,contrarie to all the reft of his kinde,of a (hilling yellow colour; the leaues and flowerslikcwife flote vpon the water as the others do. 5 1 his dwarfe water Lillie,differeth not from the other final! yellowe water Lillie, fauing that, that this kinde hath fharper pointed leaues, and the whole plant is altogether leffer, wherein lieth the difference. V v i 5 Nymph Aft Vv i ,574 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 Nymph xa lute a minima. Dwarfc water Lillie. & Theplace. Thefe herbes do growe in fennes, (landing waters 3 broad ditches, and in brooks that runne (lowly,and fomtimes in great riuers. ' ^4 The time. They flower and flourifh mod of the fom- mer moneths. 4 kThe names. Water Lilly is called in Greeke : and in Latine alfo Nymph xa, fo named bicaufe it lo- ueth to growe in waterie places as Diofcorides faith: the Apothecaries call it Njnuphar-, of K^fpuleius mater Herculania^^Nlga paluflris, Pa- pauerpalnfire , Claims veneris , and Digitus vene¬ ris: MarceUus a very old writer reporteth,thatit is called in Latin ClanaHerculis: in French Ba- ditm: inhighDutch Staffer : in low Dutch piompen t in Englifh water Lillie, wa¬ ter Ro (e. •& The temperature. Both the roote and feede of water Lillie hauc a drying force without biting. # Thevertues. Water Lilly with ycllowe flowers ftoppeth laskes,the oner flowing of feed which commeth away by dreames or otherwise, and is good for them that haue the bloudie flixe. But water Lillie which hath the white flow¬ ers is of greater force,infomuch as it ftaieth the whites: but both this and the other that hath the blacke roote are dnmke in red wine: they haue aKo a fcouring qualitie; therefore they both clenfe away the morphewe, and be alfo good againd the pilling away of the haire of the head, againfl: the morphew they are deeped in water, and for the pilling away of the haire in Tarre: but for thefe things that is fitter which hath the blacke roote, and f6r the other that which hath the white roote. q iheophrajhu faith, that being damped and laide vpon the wounde, it is reported to daie the bleeding. j) The Phifitions of our age do commende the flowers of white Nymphxa againd the infirmities of the head,which come of a hot caufc: and do certainly aflirme, that the roote of the yellowe cu- reth hot difeafes of the kidneies and bladder, and is Angular good againd the running of the raines. p The roote and (cede ofthc great water Lillie, is vefie'good againd venerieor flefhly defire, if one do drinke the decodtion thereof,or vfe the (eede or roote in powder in his mcates, for it dricth vp the feede of generacion,and fo caufeth a man to be chade,e(pecially vfed in broth with fle fh. p The conlerue of the flo wers is good for the diieafes afore(aid,and is good alfo againd hot bum* ing feauers. Q The flowers being made into oile,as yee do makeoile of rofes,doth coolc & refrigerate, caufing fweat and quiet fleepe,and putteth away all venereous dreames: the temples of the head & palmes of the hands and feete,and the bred being annoiated for the one,and thegenitors vpon and about them for the other. H The greene leaues of the great water Lillie,either the white or the yellow laide vpon the region ofthebacke inthefmall, mightily ceafeththe inuoluntarie flowing away of the (eedecalled Go¬ norrhea,ox running of the reines, being two or three times a day remooued 3 and fre(h applied ther- io. ■ • v . ‘ ..vdc t ■ • • . ' Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. €75 ' OfTondmede, orwaterSpi{c. Clnp.zSp l ToUmogeiton latifolium. Broad leafed Pondweed. 2 Totxmogeiton ungufHfoUum. Narrow leafed Pondweed. it The description. P Ondweed hath little (lalk$, (lender, (preading like thofe of the vine, and iointed: the leaues be long,(mailer then the leaues of Plantine, and harder, which (landing vpon (lender and longftems or footeftaIks,(hewethemfeluesaboue the water, and lie flat alongvpon the fuperficiall or vpper part thereof, as do the leaues of the water Lillie: the flowers growc in fhorc eares,and are of a light red purple colour,like thole of Redfhankes: the feede is hard. 2 There is another Pondweed deferibed thus; it fhooteth foorth into many (lender and rpundc (lems,which are diftributed into (lindrie branches: his leaues are broad, long, and fharpe pointed, yet much lefle then the fir(lkindc:outofthebofomesof the branches and leaues there iprmg cer- taine lutleftalkes, which beare fundrie (mall white moflie flowers, which do turne intoplainc and round feeds,like the common Tare or Vetch: his roote is fibrous, throughly faftned.in the ground. •*/. ThepUce. Thcfc herbes do grow in (landing waters, pooles,ponds,and ditches,almoft euery where. v it The time. They do flower in Iune and Iuly. - ! it The mmes. It is called of the Grecians ■mTxpuyetrrov : in Latin Fontaiii , and Spicatr.’m high Dutch f in low Dutch £OtRCpnCtiipt t in French E(pi d‘ erne : in Englifh Pone, weed,and water Spike. . if The temperxture. , Pondweed faith Gx.en doth binde and coole, like as dothKnorgraflc, but his cflence is thicker then that of Knotgtallc. *■ V v 2 it The Zy6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •fy The verities, A ft is good againft the itch 3 and confttming or eating vlcers,as Biofcorides writeth. B Alfoit is good being applied to the inflammation of the legges, wherein ignis facer hath gotten the fuperioritie. Of water Saligotfwater Caltrops ^or water Cfuts. Chap, 284 . Tribulus aejuaticw* Water Caltrops. # The defcrtption. Ater Caltrops hath long {lender ftalkes, growing vp and nfing from the bottome of the water , & moun, ting aboue the fame, weake, and flender, hauing heere and there vnder the water certaine tafleis full of {mall firings and threddie haires: the (tern towards the top of the water is verie great in re- {pedl of that which is lower:the leaues large and fomewhat round, notvnlike thofe of the Poplar or Elme tree leaues,a little creuiled and notched about the edges: amongftand vnder the leaues groweth thefruit,which istriang!ed,hard,iharp pointed and prickly, in fhapelike hurtfull engins in the wars, call in the paffage of the enimie to annoy the fcete of their horfes,calIed Caltrops, whereof it tooke his name; with n which is con- teined a white kernell, in tafte almoft like the Chefnut, which is reported to be eaten grecne. and being dried and grounde to leruein fteadoi bread. & The place. Cor das faith, that it groweth in Germanie in mirie lakes, and in citie ditches which haue mud in them 5 in Brabant and in other places of the low countries, it is found oftentimes in {landing waters,andiprings. Mathtolta writeth, that it groweth not onely in lakes of fweete water, but alio in certaine ditches by the lea neer vnto Vc nice. The time, t It flourlfhcth in Iune,Iuly, and Augufl. •Je The names. The Grecians call it rdfokas bvd&f the Latines Tribulus nquatilis, and aqutticus, and Tribulus U suttris: the Apothecaries 7 ribulm marina* : in high Dutch aiTCt tlUf? X the Brabcnders ttl no ten X and of thelikenefte of iron nailes Of. ittCfctlftt# X the French men Micres : in Englifh it is named Water Caltrops, Saligot,and water Nuts,moft do call the fruite of this Caltrops, CaJIa we& ajuatilesot water Chefnuts. “k- The temper a +urc. Water Caltrops is of a cofde nature, it confifteth of a moift eftence, which in this is more wa- eerie then in the land Caltrops,wherein a earthie colde is predominant, as Galen faith. ^ Thevertues. The herbe vfed in maner of a pulris,as Drcfcondes teacheth,is good againft all inflammations ol hoc {wellings: boiled with honie and water, it peritdliy healeth cankers in the mouth, fore gums, and the almonds of the throes. The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1-f 687 The Thracians faith Plinie that dwell in Strymona, do fatten their horfes with the Icaues of Sa- B ligot, and they themfelues do feede of the kernels, making very fweete bread therof,which bindeth the belly. The greene nuts or fruit of trihulmaquaticm^ or Saligot 3 being drunke in wine 3 is good for them G which are troubled with the ftone and grauell. The fame drunke in like maner,or laid outwardlie to the place 3 helpeth thole that are bitten with D any venemous beaft 3 and refifteth all venome and poifon. Theleaues of Saligot begiuen againft all inflammations and vlcers of the mouth 3 the putrifac- E tion and corruption of the iawcs 3 and againft the Kjfigs euill. ApowdermadeofthenutSjaregiuentofuchaspilTcbloud, and are troubled with grauell 3 and F do binde the belly very much. * , *‘^*'. -‘ • Y.:-V' v '.V.\* ■ \n • s >h’ .. - - 4 Of water Sengreene^orfrejh water Soldier . Chap. 285 . Militaru i^Hzazdes. Frelh water Soldier. * the defer ip t ion. F Refh water Soldier or water HoufIeeke,hath leaues like thofe of herbe Aloe 3 or Semper viuum y but fhortcr & lefler, let round about the edges with certain ftiffe and fnort prickles: a- mong which come foorth diners cafes or huske'is, very like to crabs clawes^out of which when they open growe white flowers 3 confiding of three leaues 3 aItogither like thole of Frogs bit, hailing in the middle little yellbwifh threds 5 in fteade of rootes there be long ftrings 3 roimde 3 white 3 verie like to great harpe firings 3 or to long vvoormes, which falling downe from a fhort head that brought foorth theleaues, go to thebottome of the water, and yet be they feldome there faflned: there alfo growe from the fame other firings allope 3 by which the plant is multiplied after the maner of Frogs bit. it the place. This is founde in lakes or Handing waters 3 and ditches 3 in verie manie riuersin thelovve coun¬ tries,the greatefi part of the leaues togither with the flowers ftandeth aboue the water: the other parts of the plant are vnder the water. it the time. It flowreth in Iune, and fomtimes in Auguft. it the names. It may be czllcdSedum aquatile, or water Sen- gteene, that is to faie 3 of thelikenefie of herbe Aloe, which is alio called in Latin cSedum, of Tome Cancri chela , or Cancriforficula: in Englifh water Houfleekc,Knights Pondw'oort 3 and of Ibrne Knights water Sengreene, frefh water Soldier 3 or wading Pondweed: it leemeth to be Stratiotes a- quatilispx Stratiotespotamiospt Knights water Woundwoort 3 which may likewife be named in La- tme Mtlitaris aquatic a , and MiUtaris Aizoidesp r Soldiers Yarrow; for it groweth in the vvater 3 and floteth vpon it 3 andif thole firings which it fendeth to the bottome of the water be no roots, it alfo liueth without rootes. it the temperature. • This herbe is of a cooling nature and temperament. Vv 3 it the THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # Thevertues. A This Houfleeke ftaieth the bloud which commethfrom the kidneies , it keepeth green woundes firm being inflamcd,and it is good againft Saint Antonies fire and hot fweilings being applied vm to them: and is equall in the vcrtucs aforefaid with the former. The deferiptton, 1 ir T Ater Violet hath long and great iagged leaues, verie finely cut or rent like Yarrowc, \/ \/ but fmaller: among which come vp fmall ftalkes a cubite andahalfehigh, bearing at the top Imall white flowers like vnto ftocke Gilloflowers , with fome yellowneffc in the middle. The rootes are long and fmall like blacke threds 3 and at the ende whereby they arc faft- ned to the ground they are white,and Alining like Chryftall. 2 Water Milfoile,or water Yarrow,hath long and large leaues deepely cut, with many diuifions like Fennell,but finelier iagged, fwimming vpon the water. Theroote i|£nglc,long,androunde, which bringethvp a right, flraight,and tender ftalke,let in fundrie places with the like leaues, but fmaller. The flowers groweat thetoppe of the ftalke tuft fafhion, andlike vnto the landeYar- rowe, ^ Millefolium HXSTORIE OF PLANTS. 6 79 3 Millefolhimflue Mar at riphy lion fore&femne Ranunculi aquatics, Hepatic * facie . CrovvfootCjOr water Milfoile. * The defer/ption. 3 This water Milfoile, differed! from all the kinds aforefaid, hailing a roote in the bottomeofthe wa¬ ter made of many hairie firings , which yeeldeth vp a naked (lender flalkc within the water, and the reftoftheftalke which floreth vpon the water di- uideth it felfe into fundry other branches Sewings, which are be dafht with fine final! iagged lea lies likevntoCammomill, or rather rcfemblinghairie Taflels or fringe, then leaues: from the bofomes whereof come foorth final! and tender braunches, euery braunch bearing one flower hkcvnto water Crowfootc,white of colour,with a little yellowe in the midft;the whole plant refembleth water Crow- foote in all things fane in thebroade leaues. There is another kind of water Violet very like the former, failing that his leaues are thicker and fattcr,fomcwhat refembling the leaues of Lonchi- tis, but as finall as Fennell, fafhioned like vnto v/ings,andthe flowers fomewhat (mailer. There is likewife another kind of water Milfoile which hath leaues very like vnto water Violet, ftnaller, and not fo many in number :the ftalkc is finall and tender, bearing yellowe gaping flowers fafhioned like a hood, or the finall Snapdragon, which caufed Penal o put vnto his name this addi- tament Gxlericulatum, that is, hooded. The rootes are fmall and threddie, with fbmc few knobs hang¬ ing thereatjlike the founds of fiih. ft Theplace. They be found in lakes and (landing waters,or in waters that run flowly, I haue not founde fiich plentie of it in any one place as in the water ditches adjoining to Saint George his fielde neere London. The time, . They flower for the mod part in Maie and Iune. ft The names. The flrfl is called in Dutch 2 tt 0 ltC££tt>that is to fai .Viola aquotilis • in En glifh water Gil- loflower,or water Violet: in French Gyroflees d'eaue: Mathiolus maketh this to be alfb Myriophylli jbecies, or a kinde of Yarrow,aJthough it doth not agree with the defeription thereof: for neither nath it one flalke onely,nor one Angle roote as Mynophyllon or Yarrow is deferibed to hauefl'or the rootes are full offtrings,and itbringeth foorth many (talks. TheiecondisnamedinGrecke/W9?wAo!':inLatineyI-Mf/»4 : «.y?, and CMyr iopytlum , and alfb Su¬ per cilium VenerU: in fhops it is vnknowne rthis Yarrowe differed! from that of the land ’ the thirde is fufficicntly fpoken of in his title. ft The temperature and vert ms. Water Yarrow as Dio/corides faith,is of a drie facultie: and byreafon thatitraketh away hot in- fa flammations andfwellings,it feemeth to be ofacolde nature, for Diofcorides affirmeth, that water Yarrow is aremedie againfl: inflammations in greene wounds, if with vineger it be applied greene or drie,and is giuen inwardly with vineger and fait to thofe that haue fallen from an high place. Water Gilloflower, or water Violet, is thought to be colde and dric, yet hath it no vfe in Phi- g fickeat all. THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE Of V uckes meate ^andotherfwimming herbes . Qhap.iZj. A B C Lens palufris. Duckes meate. D k The defript ion. Vckes meate is as it were a certaine green mofIe 3 with very little round leaues of the bignes of Lentils: out of the middle wher- of on the neather fide growe downs verie fine threds like haires, which are to them in fleedeof rootesrit hath neither flalke 3 flower nor fruite. kTheplace. It is found in ponds, lakes, citie ditches, and in other {landing waters euery where. k 7 he time. The time of Duckes meate is knowne to all. kThe names. Duckes meat is called in Latine Lens lacuflris , Lens aqnatilis, & Lens palufris: of the Apotheca¬ ries named aqua Lenticula-’in high Dutch Imfnn inlowe Dutch OTatetlmfett, & more vfually Cntien grunt, that is to fay Anatum her - ^Ducks herbe,bicaufe Ducks do feede thereof: whereupon alfo in Englifh it is called Ducks meate.-fome terme it after the Greek water Len- tils,and ofothers it is named Graines: the Itali¬ ans call it Lent di Paludc: in French Lent ilk d' eaue: in So ardfh Lenteius de agua. k The temperature. Galen lheweth that it is cold and moifl.afccr a fort in the fecond degree. k The vertues. D iofor ides fath xhzx.it \s a remedie againfl all manner of inflammations, Saint Anthonies fire and hot agues,ifthey be either applied alone,or elle vfed with parched barly meale: It alfo knitteth ruptures inyoong children. Duckes meate mingled with fine wheaten flower and applied 3 preuaileth much againfl hot fwel- lings 3 as Phlegmons,ErifipeIas 3 and the paines of the ioints. The fame doth helpe the fundament gutte fallen downe in yoong children. Of water Crowfoote . Chap . 1 8 8 . k The defer ipt ion. 1 \ /4 T ^ ter Crowfoote hath (lender braimches trailing farre abroade, whereupon do grow V y leaues vnder the water moft finely cut andiagged likethofeof Cammomill. Thofc aboue the water are fomwhat round 3 indenred about the edges in forme not vnlike the finall tender leaues of the malIow 3 but lefler: among which do grow the flowers fmall and white of colour,made of fine little leaues with fome yellownefle in the middle like the flowers of the Strabe- rie ,and of a fweete finell: after which there come rounde, rough and prickly knaps like thofe of the field Crowfoote.The rootes be verie finall hairie firings. 2 There is another plant growing in the water of fmall moment, yet not amifle to be remembred, called HdtkruU aquatic a or water Iuie,the which is verie rare to finde 5 neuerthelefle I found it once in HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 681 in a ditch by Bermbndfey houfe neer to London,and neuer elfc where: it hath final threddie firings in fteedof rootes and ftalkes,riling from the bottome of the water to the top, whereunto are fatte¬ ned fmall lcaues fwimming or flotingvpon the water, triangled or three cornered like vntothofe of barraine Iuie,or rather noble Liuerwoort: barraine of flowers and feeds. There is like wife another herbe of fmall reckoning that floteth vpon the water called StellarU aquatica or water Starwoort, which hath many fmallgrattie Items like threds,comuiing from the bottome of the water vnto the vpper face of the fame: whereupon do grow final double flowers of a grecniih or herbie colour. I Ranunculus aquatilis Water Crowfoote. 2 HaderuU aquatic a. Water luie. ft The place. / i Water Crowfoote grovveth by ditches and fhallow fpiings, and in Other moift and plafhie places. * ft The time. It flowrcth in Aprill and May,and fometimes in Iune. ft The names. Water Crowfoote is called in Latine Ranunculus aquat'dis , and Roly ant hemum aqua tile: inEn- glifh water Crowfoote, and white water Crowfoote: moft Apothecaries and Herbarifis doe erronioufly name it Hepatica aquatic a find Hepatuca alba find with greater error they mixe it in medi¬ cines in fteede of Hepatica alba or grade of Parnattiis. # The temperature and verities. Water Crowfoote is hot and like to common Crowfoote. Of c Dragons . Cbap.iSp. • ft Thekindes. "T 1 Here be two forts of Dragons, the greater and the letter: and befides thefc a third one which A groweth in waters. ft Thedefcription. \ I k TT - ' He great Dragon rifeth vp with a ttraightftalke a cubit'and a halfe high or higher, thicke, 1 round,fmooth,lprinckled with fpots of diuers colors like thofe of the adder or fnakes. The leaues are great and wide confiding offeauen or more ioined togither in order: euerie one ofwhich is long and narrow much like to the leaues of Docke, finooth and flipperie :out of the top of the ftalke grovveth along hofeor huske greater then that of the Cockow pintle, ofagreenifh colour. • 6 %: THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE colour without, and within crimfon,with his peftell which is bIackifh,!ong, thicke, and pointed like a home: the skin or filme whereof when the feede waxeth bigge being ftretched and broken in fun¬ der there appeereth the fruite,!ike to a bunch or duller of grapes: the berries whereof at the firft be greene,afterwards red and full of iuice, in which is conteined feede that is fomevvhat hard; the root con tin lie th frefh,thick,like to a knob, white,couered with a thinne pilling, oftentimes of the bignes ofameane apple,full of white little threds appendent thereto. 2 The teller Dragon is like Aron , or wake-Robin in lcaues 3 hole, or huske 3 peftell and berries yet are not the leaues fprinckled with blacke 3 but with whitifh Ipots,which perifh not lb foone as thofe of wake-Robin,but endure togither with the berries,euen vntili winter: thefe berries alfo be not of a deeps red, but of a colour inclining to faffron. The rooteis notvnlike to the Cuck.owpint 3 ha¬ lving the forme of a bulbc/ull of firings,with diuers rude fnapes ofnewe plants, whereby it greatly increafeth. i D r&contium mains. Great Dragons. 2 Dr aeon t turn minm. Small Dragons. The defer lotion. 5 Therooteol Water Dragon is not round like a bulb,but very long 3 creeping and jointed, and ofmeane bignes: out of the joints whereof arile the ftalkes of the leaues which are round, lmooth, and fpungie withirgand there grow downwards certaine white and (lender ftrings: the fruit fpring- eth forth at the top vpon a fhort (hike togither with one of the leaues, being at the beginning co¬ hered with little white threds 3 which are in lieede of the flowers; after that it groweth into a bunch or clufter,at the firft grecne.and when it is ripe, red,leller then that of Cuckcwpint, but not telle biting: the leaues arc broad, grecnifh, glib and fmooth,infafhion like thofe ofluie^ yet teller then thofe of Cuckowpint,but that thing whereunto the ciuftered fruite groweth is alfo lelfer, and in thatpart which is towards the fruite 3 that is to fay, the vpper par t is white. ft Th? HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 6% 4 The great Dragon oft Mathiolm defcription is a ftranger, not onely in England, but elfe where dorany thing that vve can learn of the ancient writers,or thofe lining in my time :>my felfe haue dili¬ gently inquired of moft Grangers skilfull in plants that haue reforted vnto me for conference fake, but noman can giueme any certaintie thereof: and therefore I thinke it not amifle to giueyou his figure without any further defcription, referring what might be faid to a further confideration 5 for as yet I take it for a fained picture. 3 D ractin cuius aqua tic us. Water Dragons. 4 Bracontiummaius Mathioli* Spikic Dragons. it The place. The greater and the Iefler Dragons are planted in Gardens. The water Dragons grow in wa¬ tery and tnarrifh places, for the moft part in Fennie and ftanding waters. ft The time. The berries ofthefe plants are ripe in Autumne. •ft The names. The Dragon is called in Greeke f&idman inLatine Dracunculus. The greater is named, Ser - petit aria maior , of fome Eifaria , and Coltibrina: Cordus calleth it Dracunculus Polyphyllos 5 m&Luph Crifpum: in high Dutch SSCljlfittgntf.raUt i in lowe Dutch tiC t in French Serpen - tairex in Italian Dragontea: in Spanifh Taragontia: in Englifh Dragons, and Dragon woort. Apu- leitis calleth Dragon Dracontea , and fetteth downe many ftrange names thereof, which whether they agree with the greater or the Iefler, or both ofthem he doth not expound: as Pythonionj^in- chomanes , Sauchromaton, They ion, Schcenos , Dorcadion, Typhonion , T hertophonon , and Emits ion. K^ithenxui iheweth that Dragon is alfo called Aronia 7 bic?.uCc ii is like to Aron. # The temperature. Dragon as Galen faith, hath a certaine likenes with Aron or wake Robin, both in Ieaue r and al¬ fo in roote,yet more biting,and more bitter then it, and therefore hotter and of thinner parts: it is alfo 684 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE alfofomthingbinding, which by realon that it is adioined with the two former qualities, that is to laie,biting and bitter,it is made in like maner a lingular medicine of very great efhcacie. ieThevertues. A The roote of Dragons doth clenfe and fcouie all the entrailes, making thinne, elpccially thicke and tough humours 5 and it is a lingular remedie for vlcersthatarehardctobecured,namcd in Grceke B It Icourcth and clenfeth mightily,afwell luch things as haue neede of fcpuring,as alio white and blackc morphewe,being tempered with vineger. C The leaues alfo by realbn that they arc of like qualitie, are good for vlcers and grcenc woundes: and the lelfe drie they are,the fitter they be to heale; for the drier ones are of a more fharp or biting qualitie then is conuenient for wounds. D The fruitc is of greater operation then cither the leaues or the roote : and therefore it is thought to be of force to conlume and take away cankers and proud flefh growing in the noftrils 3 called in Greckc Polypus: allb the iuice doth clenfe away webs andlpots in theeies. E Furthermore Dio/corides writeth ,that it is reported that they who haue rubbed the leaues or root vpon their hands 3 are not bitten of the viper. F Pltnie laith,that lerpents will not come neere vnto him that beareth Dragons about him, and thele things are read concerningboth the Dragons in the two chapters ofD/oJcorides.i G Galen alio hath made mention of Dragon in his booke of the faculties of nourifhments 3 where he faith; that the roote of Dragon being twife or thrife lod, to the ende it may lole all his acrimo- nie or lharpenefle 3 is lometimes giuen as Aron or wake-Robin is 3 when it is needfull to expell the more forceably thicke and clammie humours that are troublefome to the cheft and lungs. H And Diofcorides writeth that the roote of the Idler Dragon being both fodde and roftc with honie, or taken of it lelfe in meate 3 cauleth the humours which fticke fall in the cheft to beealilie voided. I The iuice of the garden Dragons, as faith Diofcorides> being dropped into the eies 3 doth clenfe them, and greatly amend the dimnelle of the fighr. K The diftilled water hath vertue againft the peftilence or any peftentiall feuer or poifon 3 being drunke blood warmc with the beft Treacle or mithridate. L The lineil of the flowers is hurtfull to women newly concerned with child. Of Cockgyppint , or wake ‘Robin. (fbap.zpo. ftThekindes. 'T* Here be diuers forts of wake Robin or Cockow pint differing in names, titles, and alfo in forme and figure. V? Thedefcription. 1 A rum or Cockow pint hath great,large,fmooth,lhining,fharpe pointed leaues,belpotted heere and there with blackilh Ipots, mixed with fome blewneftc: among which rileth vp a ftalke nine inches long, belpecked in many places with certaine purple fpots. It beareth alfo a certaine long hofc or hood, in proportion like the care of an hare: in the middle of which hoodcommeth foortha peftellor clapper of adarke murrieor palepurple colour: which being pall,there lucceedeth in place therof a bunch or chiller of berries in manner*>f a bunch of grapes, greene at the firft, but after they be ripe of a yellowifh red like corall and full of pith, with fome threddie additaments annexed thereto. 2 There is in Aegypt a kind of Arum , which alfo is to be leene in Africa, and in certaine places of Lufitania, about riuers and floods,which dilfereth from that which groweth in England and other parts of Europe. This plant is large and great, and the leaues thereof are greater then thofe of the ivater Lillie: the roote is thicke and tuberous, and toward the lower end thicker and broader, and maybe eaten. It is reported to be without flower and leede, but the increafe that it hath is bythe fibres which runne and fpread from the rootes. tfr the HISTORIE OF PLANTS. <J 3 5 I i^Arttm maim. ^Arttm minus . Great Cockow’pint. Little Cockow pint. ii The place. Cockow pint groweth in woods neerevnto ditches vndcr hedges, cuerie where in fhadowie places. •fy 7 he time . The leaues appeere prcfently after winter: the peftell fheweth it felfe out of his huske or (heath in Iunc whiled the leaues are in withering; and when they are gone, the bunch or cluder of berries becommeth ripe which is in Iuly and Augud. it The names. There groweth in egypt a kindeof Aron or Cockow pint which is found alfo in Africa, and likewife in certaine places of Portingall neere vnto riuers and ftreames , that difFereth trom thole of our countries growing, which the people of Cadilecall Manta, de mteHra 'fenora: mod would haue it to be called ColocaJIa, but Diofcor ides faith that Colocajix is the roote of Fab a Aegyptu, or the Beane of Acgypt. The common Cockow pint is called in Latin^m#.- in Greeks : in drops Urusfe. Barba-Aron: of others Pes vituli : of the Syrians Lupht : of the men of Cyprus Colccafu , as we dnde among the ba- ftard names.in his 24. booke 1 ^.chapter doth witnede that there is great difference between Aron & Dracontw •», although there hath bin fome controuerfie about the fame among the old wri¬ ters, affirming them to be all one: in high Dutch it is called PaffCU pint♦ in Italian Gsgaro: in Spa~ nidi Taro: in low Dutch in French Pieddevew: in Engl ifh Cockow pint, and Coc¬ kow pintle,wake Robin,Prieds pintle, Aron,Calfcs foote,and Rampe,and of fome Starch woor t. The temperature. The faculties of Cockow pint doe differ according to the varicticof countries: for the roote i heereoi as Gden inhis booke of the faculties of nourifhments'-doth affirn e, isdiarper or more biting in fome countries then in others almod as much as Dragons, contrariwile in Cyrena citie in Africke,yct is it generally 111 ail places hot and driest the lead in the fird degree. ii The I 685 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft Thevertues. A If any man would hauc„thickc and tough humours which are gathered in the cheft and lungs to be denied and voided out by coughing,then that Cuckowpint is bed that biteth moft. B It is eaten being fodden in two or three waters^and frelh put to, whereby it may lofc his acri- ' monie, which being lo eaten they cut thickc humours meanly, but Dragons is better for the fame purpofe. C Dioporidles fheweth that the leaues alio are preferued to be eaten, and he fheweth that they mull be eaten after they be dried and boiled, and w'riteth allb, that the roote hath a peculiar vertue againd the gout,being hide on (lamped with Cowes dung. D Beares alter they haue lien in their dens forty daies without any maner of fullenancc ( but what they get with licking and fucking their owne feete)do alfoone as they come foorth, eate the herbe Cuckowpint, through the windic nature whereof thehungriegutis opened and made fit againc to recede fuftenaunce; for by abfteining from foode fo long a time, t-hcgutislhrunkeordrawen fo dole togithcr,that in a maner it is quite fhut vp, as Artftotic, yAElianus, Plutarch , P tonic, and others do write. E The moll pure and white darch is made of the rootes of Cuckowpint} but mod hurtfull for the hands ofthelaundtelTe that hath the handling ofit, foritchoppeth, blidereth, and maketh the hands rough and rugged ; and withal! Imarting. Of Friers Coule ? or hooded Cuckowpint. Chap. 191. ft The kitties. F Riers hood is of two forts ,thc one broad leafed, the other narrow leafed, as our later Herbarifts haue oblerued: notwithdanding Mithiolw hath let foorth the figure of a thirds fort, as lhall be .declared. I Alrifarum latifolium. Broad leafed Friers coule. 2 Arifar urn anguft folium . Narrow lealed Friers coulc. ftlH HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 687 # The defeription. 1 T\ Road leafed Friers hoodehath a leafe like luie, broade, and fharperpointed: but far Iefler 5 approching iieere to the forme of thole of Cuckovvpint. The flalke thereof is linall and Render. The huske or hofe is little; the peflell fmall, and-of ablacke purplifh colour ;thc duller when it is ripe is red 5 the kernels linall. The roote white, hailing the forme of Aron or Cuc- kowpint,but Idler,whereof doubtlefle it is a kinde. 2 The fecond Friers hood hath many Ieaues,long and narrowe,fmooth,and glittering: the huske or hole is narrowe and longjthe pellell that commcth foorth of it is Render , in forme like a great earth worme,of a blackifh purple colour 3 as hath alfo the inflate of the hofe;vpon which hard to the ground,and fomtimes a little within the grounde 3 groweth a certaine bunch or duller of berries, greenc at the firlt 3 and afterwards red.The roote is round and white like the others. 3 Ar i[arum latifolium Math ioli. Italians Friers hood. # The defeription. 3 The Friers hood of Mathtolus defeription hath a knobbed thicke roote,let with diners final firings: from which rifeth vp fundrie weakc and tender footeftalks 3 wheron do grow broad Ieaues lharpe pointed,of aperfed greenecolour, not vnlike thofe oflbrrell, the hood and peflell grovy- eth at the ends of the like footeftalks, which turn into a bunch or chiller of reddc berries like the others. & The place. Thele plants are ftrangers in Englande: but common in Italy 3 & eipecially in j. tilcane about Rome 3 and in Dalmatia, as <Mlotfitts Anguiffartc witneReth; notwithftanding I hauc two of the firft in my garden. The time. The flowers and fruit ofthefe come to perfec¬ tion when thofe of Cuckowpint & Dragons do, •k Th e names. ..Friers hoode is called of Diofcorides v • in Latine Arifarum : but PltnyczWzxh it .-AW,or Ans^ for in his 24_booke 1 6 chapter, he faith that Arts which groweth in AEgypt is like Aron or Cuc- kowpint: it may be called in Englilh after the La- tjne name tMrtfarum but in mine opinion it may , . n r . be more fitly Englilhed Fliers hood, or Fners «m]il««rtoterfi! t ^ C ^o WerS ^ em e t h t0 ^ e l^ ie,VV h el:eu l >o n t h e ^? aB ‘ arc * snamc ‘ t - f ''‘‘'^fe,as Date- r . .... . & The temperature. faith.^ C ° U C 15 m P ° Wer 31 ’ d faCUlde t0 the Cuckow P int > yet is it more biting as Galea T , . it The vertues. eatinpfores'or S JSl Vft0 jl h L Cfe P Ia j“ s 1 J H’ificke.sKut- ic is reported that they ftaie running or i inGtitcX r^ I,k r^ *?“ ^ ? mad£ ° f the rooKS ^taine compofitions called 1 rotteth the PU ‘ int0 ^ ^ p3rt ° f ^ “* * in S> * : • • n'i. ' - .. M 'j • . . I-'"- • , zzzi , Of 688 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE QfdAjlrabacca . Qiap.iyz. l Afarstm. . 2 Afarina Mzthioli. 1 leaues of Afirabacca,are (moodgofa decpc grecnc colour,rounder,broader,and ten- derer then thofc of Iuie,and not cornered at all,not vnlikc to thofe of Sowe bread: the flo¬ wers lie clofe to the rootes,hkl vnder the leaues,(landing vpon llcnder footcftalks, of an ill fauoured purple colour,like to the flowers and huskes of Henbane, but lefier,whcrcin is conteined Em all (cedes,cornered and fomewhat rough; the rootes are many, fin al,and (lender,growing aflepe vnder the vpper cruft of the earth,one folded within anothcr,of an vnpleafant tafte: but of a mod fweete and p leafing fmelhhauing wfthall a kindc of biting qualitic. 2 This ftrangekrnd of Alarabacca which LMdtbjul&s hath fet foorth creepeth vpon die greunde, in manerofour common Aftrabacca; the leaues are fomewhat rounder and rougher, (lightly in¬ dented about the edges, and fctvponlong (lenderfootftalks: the flowers growc hardevnto the groundlike vnto thok ofCammomill.butmuch Iefter,of a mealieor dufticcolour, and not with¬ out (inell.The rootes are long and (lcnder,creeping vnder the vpper cruft of the earthy of a lharpe tafte,and bitter withall. '&The iLce." It-dclighteth to growe in fnadowic places,and is very common in mod gardens. ? '•' "t The time. The herbe is alwaies greene.yet doth it in the fpring bring foorth newc leaues and flowers. & T hs names. It is called in Greek r, A farm: in Lacinc Nardm Rujljca,$i of diuers Perfenfa Perpeitjk is alfo * Pa eckarit his tor ie of Plants. <j?<? BaccharU in Tlinie in his 21 .booke,2 r,chapter, Macer faith that ^Afarum is Vulgag». EH -Afiron Grace (faith h €)Vulgago di&a Latin}. This herbe kAfxron ,<\o the Grecians name. Whereas the Latines Vulgxgo clcpe the fame. It is found among the baftard names that it was calledofthe great learned Philo fophers that is Martis fanguii , or the blond of Mars: and of the French men Baccar , and thereupon it fee- meth that the word Afarabacca came,which the apothecaries vfe,and likewife the common people: but there is another Baccharx differing fromo 4 farum, yet notwithstanding Cratcuadoth alfo call B:icc b arts,Afarurn. Thisconfufion of both the names hath been the caufe,that mold could not fufficiently expound themfelues concerning kA farum Sc Baccharis: Sc that many things haue been written amifie in many copies of Diofcorides in the chapter of Afarum: for when it is fet downein the Greeke copies a fweetefmellinggarlandherbe , itbelongethnottothcdcfcriptionof this ^Afarum, but to that of Baccharis: for Afarum (as Bliny faith) is fb called bicaufe it is not put into garlands; and fo by that meanes it came to paffe,that oftentimes the deferiptions of the old writers were foiinde corrupted and confufed: which thing, as it is in this place manifefl, fb oftentimesitcannotloeafily be mar¬ ked in other places.Furthermore Afarum is called in French Cabaret : in high Dutch X in Iowe Dutch 00|C11 * in Hnglifh Afarabacca,Folefoote.and Hafeli woort. ft The temperature. The lcaues of Afarabacca arehotanddrie, with a purging qualitie joined thereunto: yet not ivithoutacertainekindeof affliction or binding. The rootes are alfo hot and drie : yet more then the leaues: they are of thinne and fubtill parts: they procure vfine , bring downe the deiired fick- nefle, andarelikeinfacukie,as Galen faith, to the rootes of Acorw y but yet more forceable:and the rootes of Acorw are alfo of a thinne effence,heating, attenuatin g, drying and protioking vrine, as he affirmeth: which things are happely performed by taking of the rootes of Afarabacca, ei¬ ther by themfelues,or mixed with other things. ft The vertues. The leaues draw foorth by vomit thicke, phlegmaticke, and cholericke humours, and withall \ rnooue the belly,arid in this they are more forceable, and of greater effebt then the rootes them¬ felues. They are thought tokcepe in hard fwelling cankers that they increafe not, or come to exulcera- B tion,or crcepe any farther if they be outwardly applied vpon the fame. The rootes are good againft the (loppings of the liuer,gall,and fpleenc, againft wens and harde Q fwcllings,and agues of long continuance: but being taken in the greater quantitie, they purge flegme and choler not much leffe then the leaues,(though Galen faith no,)by vomite especially,and alfobyfiege. One dram of the powder of the rootes giu,en to drinke in ale or wine,grof!ely beaten, prouokethj) yomitc for thepurpofes aforefaide. But being beaten into fine powder,and fb giuen, purgeth verie little by vomite,but worketh mofl by procuring much vrine j therefore the groffer the pow der is,fo much the better. But if the rootes be infufed or elfe boiled, then mufl there be two, three, or fewer drams puttog theinfufion; and of the leaues eight or nine be fufficient: the iuice of which (lamped with fomc liquid thing,is to be giuen. The rootes may befleeped in wine, butmoreeffe&uallyin Whaieof w honied water,as Mefues teacheth. The fameis good for them that are tormented with the Sciatica,orgoutinthehucklebones, for F thofe that haue the dropfie,and for fuch alfo that are vexed with a quartaine ague, who are cured and made whole by vomiting. Xx t Of Goo THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Sea Biniweecte, fhap.iy^. The defer/ ft ion, S Oldanelh or Sea Bindweedc,hath many fmal braunches,fomewhatred, trailing vpon the ground, befet with final! round leaues, not much vnlike Afarabacca,or the leaues of Arifto- lochia,but (mailer; betwixt which leaues and the; ftalkscome foorth flowers formed like a bell, of a bright red incarnate colour,in eucry refpcdl an- fwering the fin all Bind weed 5 whereof it is a kind, albeit I haue heere placed the fame for the rea- fons rendred in my Proeme.The feede is black, and grovveth in round husks: the roote is long & fmal,thrufting it felfefarre abroad, and into the earth like the other Bindweeds. Soldanella or mountaine Bindweed, hath ma¬ ny round leaues fpred vpon the ground,not much vnlike the former, but rounder and more full of veines 3 grecner,of a bitter tafl like Sea Bindweed: among which commeth foorth a fmall & tender ftalkeahandfull high, bearing at the top little flowers like the fmall GentUnelU , of a skie colour: the roote is finall and threddie. k The place. The fir^ groweth plentifully by the fest fhorc in mofl; places of Englande,efpecially neere vnto Lee in Eflex, at Merfey in the fame countie, in moil places of the Ifle of Thane t,and Shepie,and in many places along the northren coaft. The fecond groweth vpon themountainesof Gcrmanie, and the Alpesj it groweeh vpon the mountaines of Wa!es,not farre from Cowmcrs Meare in Northwalcs. 1 k The time . Thefe herbes do flower in Iune,and are gathered in Auguft,tobe kept for medicine. k The names. The fir ft called Soldanella is of the Apothecaries and others called MarinaBrapca , that is to fay,Sea Colewoort; but what reafon hath mooned them fo to do I cannot conceiue, vnlefleit be penurie and fcarfitie of names,ahdbicaufetheyknownotorhcrwifehowtotermeit: of this lam fure, that this plant & Brajstca are no more alike then things which are mofl vnlike,for Brnftca Mi - rina is the Sea Colevvoort,which doth much refemblc the garden Cabbage or Cole, both in fhape and in nature,as I haue in his due place exprefled. A great fault and ouerfight therfore it hath been of the old writers and their fucccffbrs which haue continued the cuflome of this error, not taking the paines to diftinguifh a Bindweed from a Colewoort. But to auoid controuerfies, the truth is as I haue before fhewcd,that this Scldanclla is a Bindweed.&cannot be e deemed for a Brajszcafhat is a Colewoort. The later Herbarifts call it Soldana , and Soldanella : in Dutch pfeUUnh , that is tofaie, Conuolutdus Alar inns', of DiofcortdesH. 0<**<W<*jand Brapcamarina: in. Englifh Sea Withwindc, SeaBindvveed,Sea bels,Sea Coale,of fome Sea Folefoote,and Scotrifh Scuruie grafle. Tire fecond is called Soldanella montan a: in Englifh Mountaine Bindweed. k The nature. Sea Bindweed is hot and drie in the fecond degree: the fecond is bitter and verie aflringent. k Thevertues. A Soldanella purgeth downe mightily all kin tie of watrifh humours 3 and openeth the (loppings of the HISTORIC OF PLANTS. : i 691 the Iiuer,and is giuen with great profite againft the dropfie; but it muft be boiled with'the broth of fome fat meate or flefh,and the broth drunke, or clfc the herbe taken in powder worketh the like effect . -• n: Sojdxnelh hurteth the ftomacke,and troubleth the weake 2nd delicate bodies which doreceiue B it in powder, wherefore aduice muft be taken to mixe the faidc powder with annife feedes, cinna¬ mon, ginger,and fugar,which fpices do corredt his mdlignine,: , Pra&itioners about Aufpurge & Rauifpurge(cities of Germanic)do greatly boaft that they haue C done woonders with this herbe SoldAneUamontam , faying, that the leaues taken andemplaiftred vpon the nauell and fomewhat lower,draweth foorth water from their bellies that are hydroptike, that is, troubled with water or the dropfierthis effeft it worketh in other parts without heating. It doth alfo woonderfully bring flefti in wounds and healeth them. D Diofioriiti witnefleth, that the whole herbe is an enimie to the ftomacke, biting and extremely g purging(bothfoddcn, and.takenwithmeate ) and bringethtroublcfome grip in gs thereunto, and doth oftentimes more hurt then good. $ The deferi^tton. 1 * I * He Graflc of Parnaffiis hath heeretoforc beene deferibed by blindc men, I do notmeane X arc bhnde in their eics, but in their vnderftanding: for if this plant be a kinde of . , taiie,then may the Butter Burrc,or Coltes footc be reckoned for grades,as alfo al other j P Iants w hatl°cuer.This plant hath fmall Xound lcaucs,very much differing from any kind of Grade. Xx 2 ~ much « 691 the second booke of the much rcfembling the Ieaues ofIuie,or Afarabacca,but fmallcr,and not of fo darke a colour .-among thefe leaucs fpring vp fmall ftalkcs a foote high, bearing little white flowers at the top, which be¬ ing fallen and pafl,there come vp round knops or heads, wherein is conteined a reddifh feede. The roote is fomwhat thicke with many firings annexed thereto. 2 The fecond kinde of Gramen Parnafss, doth anfwer the former in cche refped, fauing that the Ieaues arc fomewhat larger, and the flowers double,otherwifc verie like. kThepUce. d ■' The firft groweth very plentifully in Lanfdall and Crauen,in the north parts of Englandjat Don- eaftcr,and in Thorneton fieldes in the fame countrie: moreouer in the Moore neere to Linton, by Cambridge,at Heflet alfb in Suffolke,at a placenamed Drinkftone,in the medo we called Butchers meade. The fecond is a flranger as yet in England. k The time. Thefe herbes do flower in the end of Iuly,and their feede is ripe in the end of Auguft. k The names. Valerius Cor due hath among many that hauc written of thefe herbes faide fomething of them to good purpofe,calling them by the name of Hepaticaalha (whereof without controuerfie they are kinds) in Englifh white Liuerwoort 5 although there is another plant called Hepatic* alba, which for diflin&ion fake I hauc thought good to Englifh,Noble white Liuerwoort. The fecond may be called Noble white Liuerwoort. k The nature. The feede of Parnafliis Graffc,or white Liuerwoort.is drie and offubtill parts. # Thevertues. A The decodion of the Ieaues of Parnafliis Grade drunken, doth drie & ftrengthen the feeble and moifl flomacke,ftoppeth thebellie,and taketh away the defire to vomite. B The fame boiled in wine or water, and drunken, efpecially the feede thereof, prouoketh vrinc, breaketh the ftone,anddriupth it foorth. Of white Saxifrage,andgolden Saxifrage . fbap. 195. & The defeription. 1 >-t“< He white Saxifrage hath rounde Ieaues fpread vpon the grounde,and fomewhat iagged about the edges,not much vnlike the Ieaues of ground Iuie,but fofter and fmaller,and of a more faint yellowifh greene; among which rifeth vp a rounde hairie flalke a ctibice high, bearing at the top fmall white flowers, almoft like Stockgilloflowers: the roote is compad of a number of blacke firings, whereunto are faflnedvery manyfinallreddifh grainesor round roots as bigge as pepper cornesj which arevfedin medicine, and are called Semen S axifragx alba, that is^ the feede of white Saxifrage, or Stoncbreake, although (befide thefe forefaide rounde knobs) it hath alfo fmall feede contained in little huskes, following his flower as other herbes hauc. z. Golden Saxifrage hath rounde compaffed Ieaues, bluntly indented about the borders hkc the former,amonp which rife vp flalks an handfull high, at the top whereof growe two or three lit¬ tle Ieaues topither, out of the middle of them fpring lmall flowers of a golden colour,after which come little huskes, wherein is contained the red feede, not vnlike the former: the roote is tender, creeping in the grbunde with longs thredsothaires. Saxifttgi \ HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 651 ( Suxifrtgtulba. r White Saxifrage. 2 SaxifragaaurCa. Golden Saxifrage, The white Saxifrage groweth plentifully in fundrie places of England, and efpecally in a fidde on the left hand of the high way ,as you go from the place of execution called Saint 1 horn as Wa¬ terings vntoDedford by London. It groweth alio in the great fielde by Klington called the Man* tels;alfo in the greene places by the lea fide at Lee in Eflcx 3 among the rufhes 3 and irrfundrie other places thereabout and clle where. The Golden Saxifrage groweth in the moift and marrilTi grounds aboutBath and Weis $ alio in the Moores by Bolton and Wisbich in Lincolnfhire. •fyThe time. The white Saxifrage flowreth in Maie and Iune: the herbe with his flower arc no more feen vn- rill the next ycere. The golden Saxifrage flowreth in March and Aprill. it The names. The firft is called in Latine Saxifrage alba: in Englilh white Saxifrage 3 or white Stonebreake: Thelecondis called golden Saxifrage 3 or golden Stonebreake. •^The nature. The fir ft of thele elpccially the roote and feede thereof,is ofa warme or hot complexion. Golden Saxifrage is of a cold nature 3 as the tafte doth manifeftly declare. # Thevertues. The roote of white Saxifrage boiled in wine and drunken,prouoketh vri'ne, clenleth the kidneis, A and bladder,breaketh the (tone,and driueth it foorth 3 and is Angular againft the ftrangurie and all other griefes and imperfections in the mines. The vertues of golden Saxifrage are yet vnto vs vnknowne, notwithftanding I am of this mind 3 B that it is a fmgular wound herbejequali with Sanicle, X x 3 Of S<?4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Sowbreads. Chap.19 6. icThckindes. npHerebediuers forts orkindcs of Sowbreade, diffcringvery notably as well in forme or figure, *• as in their time of flowring,flourifhing,fading,and appropriate vertues. The defer ip ton. 1 He firft being the common kinde of Sowbread ,called in (hops ?*nis porcini#) and Arthi - j[ nit a , hath many greene and round leaues like vnto Afarabacca/auing that the vpper part of the leaues arc mixed heere and there confufedly with white fpots, and vndcr the leaues next the ground of a purple colour: among which rife vp little ftems like vnto the ftalkes of violets, bearing at the top fmall purple flowers which turne themfelues backward (being full blowen) like a Turke'scap,orTolepan,of afmall fentor fauour, ornoneatall: which being part there fucecede little roundeknoppes or heades which conteine (lender browne feedes ; thefeknops are wrapped after a fewe daies in the fmall ftalkes, as thredde about a bottome, where it remaincth fb defended from the imurie of winter dole vpon the ground,couered aho with the greene leaues aforefaidc,by which meanes it is kept from the froft, euen from the time of his feeding which is in September, vntill I unc; at what time the leaues do fade awaie, the ftalkes and (cede remaining bare and naked, whereby it enioieth the funne(whereofit was long depriued) the fooner to bring them vnto matu- ritie : thc .roote is rounde like a Turnep, bla eke without and white within, with many fmall firing? aunsxed thereto. 3 The HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 69 5 2 The fccond kinde of Sowbread,hath broad leaues (prcd vpon the ground,(harpe pointed,fom- what indented about the edges,of a darke greene colour with (bme little lines or ftrakes of white on the vpper fide, & of a darke reddilh colour on that fide next the ground: among which rife vp flen- j d cr footeftalks of two or three inches long •, at the tops wherof Hand fuch flowers as the precedent, but ofa Tweeter finell and more pleafant colour. The feed is alfo wrapped vp in the fta’ke for his fur¬ ther defence againfl: the iniurie of winter. The root is fomwhat greater and of more vertue, as fhall be declared. . There is a thirde kind of Sowbread that hath round leaues without peaked corners, as the lad before mentioned , yet fomewhat fnipt about the edges and fpeckled with white about the brims of the leaues, and of a blackifh colour in the middle: the flowers arc like vnto the reft, but of a deeper purple: the roote alfo like,but fmaller. There is a plant which I haue fet foorth in this place that may very wel be called into queftion,& his place alfo,confidering that there hath beene great contention about the fame,and not fully de¬ termined on either part, which hath mooued me to place him with thofe plants that moftdoe re¬ ferable one another,both in fhape and name: this plant hath greene cornered leaues like vntoluie, long and finall gapingflowers like thefmall Snapdragon: more hath not beene faid of this plant, either of {hike or roote,but is left vnto the confideration of the learned. itTheplace. Sowbread groeth plentifully about Artois, &: Vermandois in Fraunce,& in the forrefl: of Arden, and in Brabant: but the fecond groweth plentifully in manic places of Italic, being the beft of all. It is reported vnto me by men of good credite, that Cyclamen or Sowbread groweth vpon the mountaines of Wales 5 on the hils of Lincolnfhire, and in Somerfetfhiie by the houfe of a gen¬ tleman called Mailer Hales jvpon afoxe burrough alfo not farre from Mailer PamfieUs nee re to i towne called Hardington. The firil two kinds do grow in my garden,where they profper well. it The time. Sowbread flowreth in September when the plant is without leafe, which do afterwardsipring vp, continuing greene all the winter, couering and keeping warme the feede vntill midfommer next,at what time the feede is ripe as aforefaid. The third flowreth in the (pring, for which caufe it was called Cyclamen 'vemum. it The names. Sowbread is called in Greeke noadiwos in Latine Tuber terr Terr a rapum: of Marcellas Or¬ bicular u\ of ^yfwleius Tahiti, rapum Porcintcm , and Terr a malum ;in (hops Cyclamen , Pams Porch nus, and Arthamta : in Italian Pan Porcino: in Spanifh Mazan de Pucrco: in high Dutch Cijlldn* X in lowe Dutch £ 3 £iX&UtjS fyOOt X in French Pain de Porceau: in Englifh Sowbread. Plinie calleth the colour of this flower in Latine Colopnas color •* in Englifh Murrey colour. it The nature. Sowbread is hot and drie in the third degree. ielhevertues . The roote of Sowbread dried into powder, and taken inwardly in the quantitie of a dram and a A halfe jwith meade or honied waterjpurgeth downwarde tough and grofie flegme, and other fharpe humours. The fame taken in wine as aforefaid,is very profitable againfl: al poifon,and the bitings of vene- B mous beafts,and to be outwardly applied vnto the hurt place. The powder taken as aforefaide,cureth the iaundies and Hoppings of the liner, taketh away the C yellow colour of the bodie, if the patient after the taking thereof be caufed to fweat. The leaues (lamped with honie,and the iuice put into the eies,cleereth the fight,taketh away all D (pots and webs,pearIeor hawe,and all impediments in the fight,andis put into that excellent oint¬ ment called Vnguentum Arthanita. The roote hanged about women in their extreme trauell with childe, caufeth them to be deliue- E rpd incontinent,and taketh away much of their paine. The leaues put into the place hath the like effedf, as my wife-hath prooued fundrie times vpon F diuers women, by my aduife and commandement,with goodTuCceile. The mice of Sowbread doth open the hemorrhoides, and 'mafeth them to flowe being applied G with woollor flocks. _ It is mixed with medicines that confiime or waHc away knots,the kings euill,& other hard fwel- H Iings.-moreouer it clenfeth the head by the noflrils,itpurgeth the belly being annointed therevvith, X x 4 and THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE and killeth the childe.lt is a ftrong medicine to deflroie the birth 3 being put vp as a peffarie. I It fcourcth the skin,and taketh away funne burning,and all blemifhes of the face, pilling of the haire,and markes alfo that rcmainc after the fmali pockes and mefcls: and giuen in wine to drinke, it maketh a man drunkc. The deco&ion thereof ferueth as a good and effe&uall bath for members out of ioint 3 the gout 3 andkibedheeles. L The roote being made hollowe and filled with oile, doled with a little waxe and rolled in the hot embers,maketh an excellent ointment for the griefes laft rehearled. ^4 Being beaten and made vp into trofehies, or little flat cakes, it is reported to be a good amo¬ rous medicine to make one in loue if it be inwardly taken. H* The danger. It is not good for women with childe to touch ortake this herbe, ortocomenecrevntoit,or ftride ouer the fame where it groweth, for the naturall attradliue vertue therein contained is fuch, that without controuerfie they that attempt it in maner abouefaid, fhall be deliuered before their time: which danger and inconuenience to auoide, I haue (about the place where it groweth in my garden) fattened flicks in the ground, and fbme other ffcickes I haue fallned alio crolfewaies ouer them 3 leaft any woman Ihould by lamentable experiment finde my words to be true, by their Hep- ping ouer the fame. Of'Birthwpoorts. Chap.19 j. & Tbekindes. B irthwoort, as Diofcorides writeth,is of three forts,long, rounde 3 andbranched: Plinie hath ad¬ ded a fourth kinde called Pittotochia, or little Birth woord. The later writers haue ioined vnto them a lift named Saracens Birthwoort. I ^AriHolochti long*. l ong Birthwoort. 3 Kjtriflolochia rotunda. Round Birthwoort. historie of plants. <>P7 # The defeription. r On Birthwoort hath many {mall,long,ilender ftalks creeping vpon the ground, tangling 1 onevvithin another very intricately,befet with round leaues not much vnlike Sowbread or •L* Iuie but larger,of a light or ouerworne greene colour, & ofa greeuoqs or lothfom fowl and f r . a mon^ which comefoorth long hollow flowers, not much vnlike the flowers of Aron,but without anv peftell or clapper in the Tame 5 within of a darke purple colour, and without of a gree- nirti or her by colour ratter which do, follow fmall fruite like vnto little pearls, containing criangled feedesofablackiOicolour. Therooteislong,thicke,ofthecolqurof boxe,of a ftrong iauour and 2 1U The rounde Birthwoort in ftalkes and leaues is like the firft,but his leaues are rounder: the flo¬ wers differ onely in this,that they befomewhat longer and narrower, andof afaintyellowifh co¬ lour but the fmall flap or point of the flower that turneth backc againe,is of a darke or blacke pur¬ ple colour The fruite is formed like a peare, ftiarpe towarde the top, more ribbed and fuller then the former * the roote is round like vnto Sowbread,in tafte and fauour like the former. 3 ifolochia clematis. Climing Birthwoort. ■ •ft The defer iption. 3 Climing Birthwoort taketh holae of any thing that is next vnto it, with his long and clafping ftalkes,which be oftentimes branched, & windeth it felfe about like Bindweede : the ftalkes of the leaues are longer, whofc leaues be finooth, broad, fharpe pointed, as be thole of the others: the flo¬ wer Is likewife hollow, long,yellow,or of a blackifh purple colour: the fruit diftereth not from that of the.others: but the roots be (lender,and very long ? fometimes creeping on the top of the earth, and iometimes growing deeper, being of like colour with the former ones. There is a fourth kind ofBirthwoort refembling the reft in leaues,and branched ftalks, yet higher, and longer then either the long or the rou nde: the leaues thereof be greater then thole of Folcfoote: the flowers holiowe,long. and in one lide hanging ouer,of a yellowifh colour: the fruite is round and long like a peare,in which the leedes lie leuered,of forme three lquare,of an ill fiuoured blackifh co¬ lour: the roote is lomewhat long, oftentimes of a meane thicknefle ,yellowe like vnto the colour of Boxe, not inferior in bitternes either to the long or to the rounde Birthwoort, and fometimes thelc are found to be fmall and llender, and that is when they were but lately digged vp and gathered : for by the little parcels ol the rootes which are left, the yoong plants bring foorth at thebeginningtender and branched rootes. Small Birthwoort is like to the long and round Birthwoort, both in ftalkes and leaues, yet is it lefler and tenderer: the leaues thereof are broad, and like thofe of Iuie: the flower is long, hollowe in the vpper part,and on the outfide blackifh: the fruite fomthing rounde like the fruite of rounde Birthwoort: in fteed of rootes there growe foorth a multitude offlender firings. # The place. Tlinic fheweth, that the Birthwoorts grow in fat and champion places, the fields of Spaine are ful of thefe three long and round Birthwoortsjthey are alfo found in Italic and in N arbone or Lan- guedock, a countrey in Fraunce. Petrus Bellonim writeth,that hefound branched Birthwoort vp¬ on Ida,amountaine in Candie: Carolus clufiusl aith, that he found this fame about Hifpalis, and in many other places ofGranadoin Spaine 3 amongbufhesandbrambles;:hey grow ail in my garden. ieTbe 69 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •Sc The time. They (lower in Maie,Iune,and Iuly. •Sc The mmes. Birthwoort is called in Grecke in Latine likewile Ariftolochia ^icaufe it is ael& nit\i%if } that is to faie, good for women newly brought a bed, or deliuered with childe :in Englifh Birth- woort,Hartwoort 3 and of lome Ariftolochia. The firft is called Ariftolochia longa , or long Birthwoorte,of the forme of his ropte: and likewile Ariftolochia mas, or male Birthwoort; the fecond is thoughtto be Fcemina^ or female Birthwoort, and is called Rotunda Ariftolochia , or round Birthwoort: of diuers allb Terra Malum ,the Apple of the earth: yet Cyclaminus is alfo called Terr a Milum , or the apple of the earth. •Sc The temperature. All thefe Birth worts are of temperature hot and drie, and that in the thirde degree, hauiag be- fidesapower toclenfe, -- Sc The vertues. I\ D/^£>r/Wi?/writeth,thatadramwaightoflong Birthwoort drunke with wine and alfo applied, is good againft lerpents and deadly things: and that being drunk with myrrhe and pepper,it expel- leth whatfoeuer is left in the matrix after the childe is deliuered, the flowers alfo & dead children : and that being put vp in a peflarie 3 it performeth the fame. B Round Birth woore lerueth for all thefe things, and alfo for the reft of the other poilons: it is likewile auaileable againft the fluffing of the lungs, the hicket,the fhakings or fhiuerings of agues, hardnes ofthe milt or lpleene,burftings,cramps, and conuulfions,paines of the fides, if it be drunk with water. Q It plucketh out thornes, fplinters, and fhiuers,and being mixed in plaifters,or pultefes, it draw* ethfoorthfcales or bones,remooueth rottcnnefte and corruption, mundifiethand fcoureth foule and filthie vlcers, and filleth them vp with ncwe flefh,ifit be mixed with Ireos and hony. X) Galen faith, that branched Birthwoort is of a more fweete and pleafantfmell: and therefore is vied in ointments j but it is weaker in operation then the former ones. £ Birthwoort as Plinie writeth being drunke with water is a rnoft excellent remediefor crampcs and conuulfions,brufes,and for fuch as hauc fallen from high places. ip It is good for them that are Ihort winded,and troubled with the falling licknes. G The rounde Ariftolochia doth beautifie, clenfe, and fallen the teeth, if they be often froted or rubbed with the powder thereof. Of Violets. Cbap.19%. Sc Thekindes. T Here might be delcribed many kinds of flowers vnder this name of violets , if their differences fhould be more curioully looked into then is neceflarie: for we might ioine heereunto the flock Gilloflowers,the Wall Flowers, Dames Gilloflowers,Marians Violets, and likewile lome of the bulbed Flowers, bicaufe lome of them by Theophraftus are termed Violets. But this was not our charge,holding it fufficient to diftinguilli and diuide them as ncere as may be in kinred and neigh¬ bourhood ; addrefling my lelfc vnto the Violets called the blacke or purple Violets, or March Vio¬ lets of the Garden, which haue a great prerogatiue aboucothers,not onely bicaule the minde con - ceiueth acertaine pleafure and recreation by fmelling and handling of thefe moft odoriferous flo¬ wers, but alfo for that very many by thele Violets receiue ornament and comely grace: for there be made of them Garlands for the heade, nolegaies and poelies, which are delightfull to looke on and pleafant to fmell to, fpeaking nothing of their appropriate vertues; yea Gardens themfelues receiue by thele the greateft ornament of all, chiefeftbcautie, and moft gallant grace 5 and the re¬ creation of the minde which is taken heereby, cannot be but verie good and honeft: for they ad* monifh & ftir vp a man to that which is comely & honeft;for flowers through their beautie,varietie of colour, and exquifite forme, do bring to a liberall and gentle manly minde, the remembraunce of honeftie, comelinelle, and all kindes of vertues. For it would be an vnfeemely and filthie thing, - • " as HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *<?<? asacercaine wile man faith for him, that doth lookc vponand handle fairc and beautifull things? and who frequenteth and is conucrfantin fairc and beautifull places, to haue his raindc not faire, but fiichie and deformed. i Heblacke or purple Violet doth foorthwith bring from theroote manyleaues, broade, I fieightly indented in the edges, rounder then the leaucs of Iuie: among the middefl wher- of fpring vp fine (lender ftemmes, and vppon euerie one a beautifull flower fweetely fmel- ling,of a blew darkifh purple, confiding of flue little Icaues, the lowed whereof is the greated; and after them do appeere little hanging cups or knaps, which, when they be ripe, do open and cliuide thcmfelues into three paftes.Thc feede is fmalljlongjand fomewhat round withall. The roote con- fideth of many threddie drings. a The white garden Violet hath many milkc white flowcrs,in forme and figure like the precedent The colour of whole flowers efpecialJy fetteth foorth the difference. 3 The double garden Violet hath Icaues, creeping branches, and rootes like the garden Angle Violct^differing in that,that this fort ofVioletbringeth foorth mod beautifull fweete double flow¬ ers,and the other fingle. 4 The white double Violet likewifc agreeth with the other of his kinde, and onely dilfereth in the colour. For as the lad deferibed bringeth double blew or purple flowers; eontrariwife, this plant bearcth double white flowers, which maketh the difference. 3 Viola jog THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE 3 Pto/a mania purpurea multiplex. 4 Viola mania alba mu little x. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 701 5 The yellow Violet is by nature one of the wilde Violets, for it groweth feldome any where blit vpon moft high and craggie mountaines, from whence it hath beene diuers times brought into the garden,but it can hardly^be brought to culture,or growe in the garden without great induftrie. Arid by the relation of a Gentleman often remembred, called Matter Thomas Hesketh, who found it crowing vpon the hils in Lacalhire,neer vnto a village called Latham, & though he brought them mto his garden,yet they withered and pined away. The whole plant ^ delcribed to be like vnto the field Violet,and differcth from it, in that that this plant bringeth foorth yellow flowers, yetlikein forme and figure,but without Imell. 6 The wilde field Violet with long Ieaties, rifeth foorth of the ground from a fibrous roote, with long (lender branches,whercupon do growe long linooth leaues. The flowers growe at the top of the ftaIkes,of a light blew colour. . V •’ Of which kinde I haue found another fort growing wilde neere vnto Blackeheath by Greene- wich,at Eltham parke,with flowers of a bright reddifh purple colour. There is found in Germanie about Noremberg and Strasborough, a kinde of Violet which is altogitheraftrangcrinthefeparts. It hath faith my author, a thicke and tough roote, of awoodie fubftance/rom which rifeth vp a ftalke diuiding it felfe into diuers branches,of a woody fubttance, whereupon do growe long iagged leaues, like thole of the Panfey. The flowers growe at the top comp a<tt of flue leaues apeece,of a watcher colour. it The place. The Violet groweth in gardens aimoft euery where5 the others which are ftrangers, haue beene touched in their deferiptions. ^ T he time. The flowers for the moft part appecre in March,at the furtheft in Aprill. it The names. The Violet is called in Greekew,of TheophraHushoth^v S zutrdvuv, inLatine Nigra Viola ,or black V ioletjof the blackifh purple colour of the flowers.The Apothecaries keepe the Latin name VioUy but they call it Her ha Viotaria , & mater Violarum : in high Dutch (HtCl X in lowe Dutch (StOlettlUin French Violettedemars'. in Italian Violamammola : in Spanifh Violeta :in Englifh Vio¬ let. Tgjcanier in his Geoponickes beleeucth (as Hermolaut fheweth) that the Grecians did call it loj'.bicaufe certaincNimphes of Ionia gaue that flower firft to Jupiter^ others fay it was called W,bi- caufe when lupiter had turned the yoong Damfcli Io whom he tenderly Ioued into a C^ow, the earth brought foorth this flower for hir foode : which being made for hir fake, rcceiued the name fromhir: and thereupon it is thought, that the Latines alfo called it Viola> as though they fhould fay vituUi by blotting out the letter t. Serums reporteth, that for the fame caule, the Latines do likevvife name it Vactinium^ alledging the place of Virgil in his Bucolicks: k^ilba liguflra cadunt,vac tin/a nigra leguntur. White Priuet flowers to ground dofall,fade andofttimes fteruc. When purple Violets are kept for vies good to lerue. 7 Notwichftanding Virgill in his i o.EcIog fheweth that Vaccinium and Viola do differ. Et nigra viola [unt,& vaccinia nigra. Vitruuius alfo in his feauenth booke of Architecture or building,doth diftinguifh Viola from Vacci* niwn. For he fheweth that the colour of yellow Okcr of Athens is made exVtola or Violet, and the gallant purple ex Vaccinia or of Priuet. The diets faith he when they would counterfeit yellow Oker of Athens,they put the dried Violets into a fat, kettle or Cawdron & boile them with water, after- wardeswhen it is tempered theypowreit intoa linnenftrainerand wringing it with their handes, receiue into a mortar liquor coloured with the Violets, and fteeping bole of Erethria in it,and rub¬ bing the fame, do make the colour of yellow Oker of Athens. After the fame manner they temper Vactinium or Priuet berries, and putting milke vnto it doe make a gallant purple colour. But what Vactinia are we will elle where declare,and that in their proper place. it The temperature. The flowers and leaues of the Violets are cold and moift. it Thevertues* The flowers are good for all inflammations elpecially of the fides and lungs, they take away the A hoarlcneffe of the cheft, the ruggednefle of the winde pipe and iawes, alaieth the extreme heate o f the I ( 7 o2 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE the liuer, kidncies, and bladder, mitigatcth the firie heatc of burning agues, tempercth the fharp- nefle of choler,and takcth away third. U There is an oile made of Violets, which is likewife colde and moift. The fame being annointcd vpon the tefticlcs, doth gently prouokedeep, which is hindered by a hot and dric diftemper: mixed or laboured togither in a wooden difh with the yoikc of an eg, it aflwageth the paine of the funda mentandhcmorrhoides: it is likewife good to be put into cooling differs, and into puitifcs that coole and eafe paine, C But let the oile in which the Violets arc ftcepcd,bc either of vnripe oliues, called Omphtcfae, or offwcete almonds,as Mefues faith, and the Violets themfelucs muft be frefh and moift: For being drie and hauing loft their moifture,they do not coole,but feeme to hatie gotten a kinde of heate. D The latter phifitions do thinke it good to mixe drie Violets with medicines, that are to comfort and ftrengthen the hart. E The leaues of Violets inwardly taken do coole, moiften,and make thebodie folublc. Being out¬ wardly applied, they mitigate all kinde of hot inflammations, both taken by themfelucs, and alfo applied with barly flower dried at the fire, after it hath lien foking in water. They arc likewife laide vpon ahot ftomacke, and on burningeies, as Galen witnefteth. Diofcondcs writeth, thattheybe morcoucr applied to the fundament that is fallen out. p They may he]pe the fundament that is fallen out, not as a binder keeping backe the fundament, but as a fuppler and a mollificr. Befidcs plinie faith,that Violets are as well vied in garlands as (melt vnto; and are good againft furfetting,heauinefie of the head,and being boiled in water and drunkc, remoue the fquinancie,or inward fwcllings of the throte. They do cure the falling ficknciTe,efpeci- ally in yong children, and the ieede is good againft the flinging of Scorpions, Q There is a firtipe made of Violets and fugar,calied in Greeke or as ^Huarifts nameth it tfsgjkw, whereof three or fower ounces being taken atone time, it fofteneth the bellie, andpurgeth choler.The manner to make it is as followeth. H Firft make of clarified fugar by boiling a fimple firupe, ofa good confiftence, or meane thicknes, whereunto put the flowers clcane piked from all manner of filth, asalfo the white endes nipped away,a quantitie,according to the quantitic ofthe firupe,to your ownc diferedonp.vherin let them infufeor fteepe fower and twenty howers, and fet vpon a few wanne embers; thenftraine it, and put more Violets inro the fame firupe : thus do three or fower times, the oftener the better : then iet them vpon a gentle fire to fimper, but not to boile in any wife 5 fo haue you it fimpiy made of a mod perfect purple colour,and of the finell of the flowers themfclues.Some do adde thereto a little of the iuice of the flowers in the boiling,which maketh it of better force and venue. Likewife, feme do put a little quantitie of the iuice of Limons in the boiling, that doth greatly increafc the beau- tie thereof,but nothing at all the vertue. | There is likewife made of Violets and fugar,certaine plates called Sugar Violet,or Violet tables, or plate,which is mod pleafant and wholefome, efpecially it comforteth the hart, and the other in¬ ward parts. j£ The decodf ion of Violets is good againft hot feuers, and the inflammation of the liner, and all other inward pattes ;thc like propertie hath the iuice,firupe or conferuc of the fame. k Sirupc of Violets is good againft the inflammation of the lungs and breft, againft the pleurific and cough,againft feuers and agues in yong children,efpecially if you put vnto an ounce of firupe eight or nine drops of oile of Vitriol!, and mixe it togither, and giue vnto the childe a fpoonefull at once. The fame giuen in manner aforefaid,is of great efficacie in burning feucrs,andpeftilent difeafes, greatly cooling the inward parts: anditmayfeeme ftrange tofome thatfofharpe a corrofiue,as oile of Vitriol, flhould be giuen into the bodie,yct being delated and giuen as aforefaid,fucking chil¬ dren may take it without any perill. ... |q The fame taken as aforefaid,cureth all inflammations of the throtc,mouth,vuula,fquinancie,and the falling euill in children. q Sugar Violet hath power to ccafe inflammations,roughnefle of the throte, and comfortcth the hart,aftwageth the paines of the head,and caufeth fleepc. p The leaues of Violets are vfed in cooling plaifters,oiles, & comfortable cataplafmes or pultifes, and are of greater cfficacie among other herbs, as Mcrcurie and Mallowes and fuch like, in differs, for the purpofes aforefaid. HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 703 Of Harts eaJe,or T aim fie s. (fbap.iycj. ft Thekindes. As there be diners fortes of March Violcts,fo are there iikewife fundrie kindes of Paunfies, I VioL tricolor, * rioh affirgcns tricolor. Hartes cafe. a Vpright Hartes eafe. ft The defer iftlon, 1 He Hartes cafe or Paunfic, hath many roundleaues at the firft comming vp; afterwardes I they grovve fomewhat longer, (lightly cut about the edges, trailing or creeping vpon the ground. The ftalkes are weake and tender, whereupon do growe flowers in forme and fi¬ gure like the Violet,and for the moft part of the fame bignefie, of three fundrie colours (whereof it tooke the furnamc Tricolor) that is to fay,purple,yellow,and white or blew: by reafon oftlie beuatie Stbrauerie ofwhich colours, they arc very pleafing to the eie j for Imell they haue little, or none at jail.1 he feede is contained in little knaps,of the bignefie of a tare, which come foorth after the do- , wers be fallen,and do open of themfclucs when the feede is ripe. The roote is nothing elfe, but as it were a bundle of threddie firings. 2 The vprightPaunfiebringcth foorth long leaues deepely cut in the edges, fha.rpe pointed, of ibleakc or pale grecne colour, fctvpon (lender vpright ftalkes, cornered, iointed, or kneed, a foote tigh or higher; whereupon do grow very faire flowers of three colours, that i§,ofpurple, blew and fellow,, in fhapelike the common Hartes eafe,but greater and fairer; which colours are fo excel- entlyand orderly placed, that they bring great delegation to the beholders, though they haue little or no frnell at all. For oftentimes it happeneth, that the vppermofl flowers are differing from ihofe that growe vpon the middle of the plant, and thofe varie from the lovvcrmoft,as nature lift to lallie with things of fuch beautie.The feede is like the precedent. m N ? ViftU 7 ©4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Viola, tricolorfyke Hr is. Wilde Paunfies. 4 Viola tricolor petraa. Stonie Hanes cafe. it The description. 3 The wilde Paimfie differeth from that of the garden in leaues, rootcs, and tender braunchcs. The flowers of this wilde one are of a blcake and pale colour, farre inferior in beautie to thatofthe garden ,wherein conpfteth the difference. 4 Stonie Harts eafe is a bale or low plant. The Ieaues are rounder , and not lo much cut about the edges as the others: the braunches are weake and feeble trailing vpon the ground: the flowers are likewife of three colours, that is to fay, white, blew,and yellow,voide of fmcll. The roote peri- fl'ieth when it hath perfected his feede. There is found in fundrie places of England a wilde kinde hereof bringing flowers of one yeflow colour without mixture of any other colour, wherein it differeth from the other wilde kinde,which hath bsenc taken offbme yoong Herbarifts to be the yellowe Violet. The place. The Harts eafe groweth in fieldes in many places, and in gardens alfb, and that ofttentimes of it felfe: it is more gallant and beautiful! then any of the wilde ones. Mat hi elm reported! that thevpright Paunfie is foundc on Mount Baldusin Italie. Li Ob elites faith thauc groweth inLangudockemFratincc, and on the tops of fbme hils in England, butas ye11 haiie not feene the fame. Thofe with yellow flowers haue beene found by a village in Lancafhire called Latham, fswcf miles from Kyrckam by Mafter T ‘homos Hesketh before rernembred. it The time. They flower not onely in the fpring, but for the moft part all fbrnmer thorowe 5 euen vntill Au- tumne . it 7he names. Harts cafe is named in Latine Viola tricolor or the three coloured Violet, and ofdiners lace a : yet there is another lace a furnam cd Nigra: inEnglifh Knapweede, iBull weede, and Matfellon, of others Her baTrimtatis or Herbelrinitie, byreafonof the triple colour of the flowers, of others fbme Herba Ciauellata : in French Tenfees 5 by which name they became knowen to the Brabafiders and thofe of the Lowe countries that are next adjoining. It feemethto be Viola jlammea, which Thecphrapis HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 705 Theophraftw calicth which is alio called ^yov. in Englifh Harts cale,Paulks, Liu? in Idkncs, Cull me to you,and three faces in a hood. The vprightPancie is called not vnproperly Viola ajfurgens , or Surreal a, and withali Tricolor, that is to fay Straight,orvpright Violet three coloured 5 of {omcVioUarhortfctns } or waxing to a i tree,but without any rcafon,lor as much as it hath not attained to the height or likenes,no not of a fhrubjtnuch lcfic ofa tree. ft The temperature. It is of temperature obfcurcly cold,but more cuidently moift,of a tough and flimie liiicc, as that i of the Mallowe,for which caule it moiftneth and fuppleth,but not fo much as the Mallow doth. ft Thevertues. It is good as the later Phifitions write, for fuch as are ficke of an agewc, cfpecially children and A ! infants; whole conuulfions and fits of the falling ficknes it is thought to cure. It is commended again!! inflammations of the lungs and chcll,and againllfcabs and itchings of B the whole body,and healeth vlcers. The diddled water of the herbe and flowers giuen to drinkc,for ten or more daies togither, three C ounces in the morning, and the like quantitie at night, doth woonderfully eafe the paines of the French difeafe,and cureth the fame if the patient be caufed to fweate fundrie times, asieporteth Co flaw in his booke Denatura vniucrf.fiirp. 0 fground f hi e^or leboofe. Chap. 300 . Hedera terreflri*. Alehoofe. ft The defeription. G Round Iuie is a low or bafe herbe, itcree- peth and fpreadeth vpon the grounde hi¬ ther and thither all about, with manic ftalkes, of an vneertaine length, Render, and like thofc of the vine,fomthing cornered, and fome* times reddifh: whereupon do grow leaues fomc- thing broad and round, wrinckled, hairie, nicked inthecdges,forthemoftparttvvoout of eueric ioint: among which come fcorth the flowers gaping like little hoods-, not vnlike to thofe of Germander,ofapurplilh blew colour: the roots arc very threddie. The whole plant is of a drong finell,and bitter tafte. ft The place. It is lounde as well in tilled, as in vntilled pla¬ ces,but mod commonly in oblcure ,bafe & darke placcsjvpon dunghils,andby the fides ofhoufes, where the eues do drop. ft The time. It remaincth greene not onely in lbmmer,hut alloin winter at any time of the yeererit fiow- rcth from Aprill till fommer be farre lpent. ft The names. It is commonly called Hedera terrejlris/m. Greeke alio Corona terra • in high Dutch <g>unnc!r0b: in low Dutch £>uH£rljau0; in French Lierre ter re (Ire ; Hedera humilis of lofne, and Chamacz[fum : in Englifh ground Iuie, Ale- hoof,G ill creepe by ground,Tunehoofe,and Cats foote. Moil ot the later Herbarifts will not fuifer it to be Chamaciffm veterurn : or the olde Herbarifis Yy 1 ground 70 S THE SECOND BOOK^OF THE ground luie.-for the fafhion of the leaues,thc length of the ftalkes, the forme of the flotvcrs,and al¬ io the caite are repugnant. For Chamiecijfus (as the copies haue that are euery where extant) hath the leaues ofIuie,but thinner & longer ; the ftalksof afpan long, & flowers like thofe of the ftocke Gilloflowersjbut whiter and (lenderer, in tafte very bitter, But theleauesof this Iuie are rounder, and not fmooth at all,as be thofe of common Iuie.- the (talks be long and creepe all aboutjthc flow, ers differ from (locke Gilloflowers , and much lefie the leaues: which defeription of Diofcor/des may be Corrupted,and the words faifely read,as oftentimes finch an error as this may eafily happen by miltaking one letter for another, and certaine wordes alfo altered by thole that write foorth the copies. And this is prooued,bicaufe Diofcorides commendeth the leaues to be good for the Sciati¬ ca^ write th that they fcoure away the yellow iaundife; for if the flowers be bitterer, then are thefe of greater force then the leaues,efpecially to fcoure away the yellow iaundife, as we read that Galen did, who might haue beene deceiued by Diofcorides his corrupt text- if the defeription i^ould hauc differed this correclion,thc common ground Iuie might be Vettrwn chamacifpts or the old Herba- rilfo ground Iuie. The leaues will be anfwerable being lelier then thofe of Iuie, thinner, and veric bitter. The ftalks are full of leaues, which ftalks though they feeme long,yet are they (cant aboue a fpan long, for that they fo fatten themfelues m their trailing or running at euery iointwith newc rootcs,as that from the very roots indeed they are not aboue afpan long. The flowers likewife, al¬ though vniike in forme to ftocke Gilloflowers,rnay notwithttanding alfo be compared vnto them: For the colour or thebeautieof the flower ottered) atthefirftfhew, occafion of companion 3 al¬ though beheld with iudgemet, no more like then thole things that are mott vniike,which maner of comparifon among the ancients hath been a fault hereditary or taken by tradition,as for example. The flower of Caines lhout,or Snapdragon,faith Diofcorides ,is like to ftocke Gilloflowers, the yel¬ low flower of Spanifh Broome is as that of ftock Giliofiowers. 1 he white flower of ftnooth With- winde is not vniike to the Lillie^as Tlm'e writcch :there is a flower(faith hc)in his 21 .booke 5. chap¬ ter, not vniike to the Lillie, which they call Conuolunlm orWithwinde, growing amongfhrubs, without fmcll,without yellowechiues within, onely reprefenting a white colour, and as it were a rude fhape of nature,as now going about to learn how to make Lillies. Thefe & fuch like haue can- led much corruption and errours among writers. If die curious pleafe to read the 15«chap.of f times 24.booke,hefhalI there findcfuch a defeription ofgrounde!uie(asalfoinbis 2 5. booke 3.chapter) that he fhali haue r.oiuftcaufe to blame me for thefe fewe aduertifements which do offer matter difputable for fchollers, wanting iudgementin Hcibarilrne, but not woorth the (peaking of a- mong thole that haue but the Ieaft tafte in the knowledg of plants,leaning the reft vnto the curious Reader. # The temperAture. Ground Iuie is hot and drie, and bicaule it is birter it fcoureth, and remooueth ftoppings out of theentnilcs. •ft 7 hevertues. A Ground Iuie is commended againft the humming noile and ringing lounde of the earcs, being put into them,and for them that arc hard of hearing. B Mathiolus writeth,that the iuice being tempered with Verdigreace,is good againft ftftulaes and hollow vlcers. C Diofcorides tcacheth, that halfc a dram of the leaues being drunke in fewer ounces and a halfeof fairs water for for tie or fiftic daies togithcr, is a remedie againft the Sciatica or ache in the buckle bone. D The lame taken in like fort fixe or fcauen daies, doth alfo cure the ycllowe iaunders, Galen hath attributed(as we haue faid)all the vertue vnto the flowers: feeing the flowers of grouncle Iuie, faith he, is verie bitter,it remooueth ftoppings out of the liuer, and is giuen to them that are vexed with the Sciatica. E Ground Iuie, Celandine,and Daifies,of eche a like quantitie, ftamped and ftrained, and a little fugat and rolcwatcr put thereto,and dropped with a feather into the eies,taketh away all manner of inflammation, fpots, webs, itch, finarcmg,or any griefcwhatloeuer in the eies, yea although the fight were nigh hand gone,it is prooued to be the beft medicine in the world. F The herbes ftamped as aforelaid,and mixed with a little ale aedhonie, and ftrained,taketh away the / HISTbRIE OF PLANTS. 7°7 the pinne and web, or any griefe out of the eies of horfe or c owe,or any other bead, being (quirted into the fame with firing,or I might haue (aid the liquor inie&ed into the cies with a firin grbut I lift not to be ouer eloquent among gentlewomen, vnto whom efpecially my works are mod necefibry. The women of our northren parts',efpecially about Wales and Chefhne, do tun theherbe Ale- H hooue inro their ale,but the reafon thereof I know not, notwithftanding without all controuerfie it is mod fingular againd the griefes aforefaid; being tunned vp in ale and drunke, it alfo purgeth the head from rheumaticke humours flowing from the brainc. i/d-ie^/^r^rwboilcdinvvatcrdaieththetcrmcsj andboilcdin mutton brothhelpcth vveakel andaking backs. They haue vied to put it into ointments againd burning with fire,gunpowder,or fiich like. K //■^r^/erre/^^beingboundinabundelljorchoptasherbesforthcpot, and eaten ordrunkcL as thinne broth,daieth the fluxe in women. Of Iuie Chap. # The kindes. T Herebetwokindes of Iuie as iheophrtttus witnefTeth, reckoned among the number of thofe plants,which haue neede to be propped vprfor they dande not of themfellies,but are fadned to done wals,trees,and fuch like,and yet notwithdanding both of a vvoodie fubdance, and yet not to be placed among the trees,fhrubs,or bufhes,bicaufe of the affinitic they haue with climing herbes, as alfo agreeing with many other herbes in forme and figure that clime.and are indeed (imply, to be reckoned amongd the herbes that clamber vp.Bnt if any will cauiil or charge me with my promife made at the beginning of this Hidorie,wherc we made our deuifion, promifing to place eche plane as neere as may be in kindred and neighbourhood: the which promife I haue fulfilled, if the curi¬ ous eie can be content to view without ratlines thole plants folowing in order, andnot onely this climing Iuie chat liftethhirfelfe vnto the tops oftrees, but alio the other Iuie that crccpeth vpon the ground. v Of the greater or the climing Iuie there are alio many (bits, but e(peciallythree,the white, the blacke,and that which is called Heeler * Helix , or He deft Jlerilis. *k The defertption. I He greater Iuie climefh on trees, olde buildings andwals: the dalkes thereof are woodie 3 | and now and then (bgrcat,as it feemeth to become a tree, from which it (endeth a multi¬ tude of little bovves or branches euerywaie,whereby as ic were with armes itcreepethand wandrethfarre about: it alfo bringeth foorth continually fine little rootes,- by which it faftneth it felfeandclcauethyvoonderfull hard vpon trees, and vpon the imootheft (lone wals. The leaues atefmooth, fhining efpecially on the vpperfide, cornered with fhaepepointed corners. The flo¬ wers arc verie fmall andmoflie, after which (ucceede bundels of blacke berries, eueryone ha¬ lting a lmal! (harpepoinde. j: l., . Vi 1 here is another (ort of grear Iuie that bringeth foorth white fruite, which (ome call cumirrtgtum : and alfo another Icffer, the which hath blacke berries. This Plmie calleth Sell- »itium. , :r j v : ji . . Wc alfo finde mentioned another fort hcereof/pread abroad with fruite of a yellow faffr.on co- lour,called ofdmers DwnyfjM as Diefcorides writeth: others Bacchica,which the Poets vfbd to make garlands of,as Pliny feftificth inhis.i < 5 .booke ^.chapter. . ' a Barren Iuie is nor much vnlike vnto the common Iuie aforefaid, fauing that his braunches are, both (mailer and tcnderer,not lifting or bearing it felfe vpward, but creeping along by tbe.grpuride Vn dcr morft and fhadowie ditch bancks. The leaues are mod commonly three (quarc, cornered,of a blackifh greene colour,which at the ende of fummer become browmfh red vpon the lower fide. The wfiofe plant bearcth neither flowers nor fruite,but is altogither barren and fruitlefle. Yy 2 I Heder& THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Hedera corymbofa. Climing or berried Iuic. 2 Hedera Helix. Barren or creeping Iuic, * The place. Iuie groweth commonly about wals and trees .* the white Iuie growethin Greecejand the bar* ren Iuic groweth vpon the ground,in ditch bankes and fhadowic woods. & The time. Iuie flourifheth in Autumne, the berries are ripe after the winter Solftice* # The names. Iuie is called in Latine Hedera •* in Greeke M W, and xAnc ; in high Dutch ♦ in low Dutch (Ueple ♦ in Spanifh Tedra: in French Liarre . The greater Iuie is called of Theophraftus wWin Latin Hedera attollens ,or Hederaaffnrgens ; Gaza interpret!! it Hedera excelfa. The later Herborifts would haue it to be Hedera arborea, or tree Iuie,bicaufe it groweth vpon trees,and Hedera muralis which hangeth vpon wals. Creepingor barren Iuie is called in Greeke Shyiot hn Engljfh ground Iuiejyet doth it much differ from Hedera terrejlris^ox ground Iuie before defcribed:of Lome it is called Clauicula, Hedera Hel;x, and Hedera jlerili *; and is that herbe wherein the Boare deIighteth,according to lohannes Kb tie Kites. * ft The temper attire. Iuie as Galen faifays compounded ofcontrariefaculties: forit hath ar certainebinding, earthic and cold fubftance, andalfoa fublfance fbmewhat biting, which euen the very tafte doth fhew to be hot. Neither is it without a third facultie,as being of a certaine warme waterie lubftance, and thatisilitbegreene. Forwhileft it is in drying, this waterie fubftance being earthie 3 colde, and binding,confumethawayjand that which is hot and biting remaineth. tfc The l vertties. A The leaues of Iuie frefn andgreene, boiled in wine, doheale oldevlcers, and perfedlly cure thofe that haue a venemous andmalitious qualitie ioined with them: and are a remedie likewife againft burnings and fcaldings. B Moreouer the leaues boiled with vineger 3 are good for fuch as haue bad /pleenessbut the flowers or HISTORIE' OF PLANTS* or fruit are of more force, being very finely beaten and tempered with vineger, efpecially fo vfed they are commended againft burnings. Theiuice drawne or fniftvp into the nofc,doth effedually purge the head, ftaieth the running G of the eares that hath been of long continuance,and healeth old vlcers both in the eares, and alio inthenofthrils:butifitbetoofharpe,itis too be mixed with oile of Rofes,or fallad oile. The gum that is found vpon the trunks or body of the old ftockc of Iuie,kiileth nits,and lice,and D taketh away haire: it is oflo hot a qualitie, as that it doth obfcurely burnc 3 it is as it were a certaine waterifh liquor,congealed of thole gumrnic drops.Thus farre GxUn . The very fame almoft hath Diojcorides, but yet alfo fomewhat more: for ouer and befide*, he E faith,that flue of the berries beaten fmall and made hot in a Pomegranate rindc with oilc of Rofes, and dropped into the contraric eare,doth cafe the toothach, and that the drifter berries make the haire blacke. Iuieinourtimeis very fcldomc vied, faue that the Icaues are Iaide vpon little vlcers made in the F thighes, legs,or other part of the bodic(thcy are called iffucs) for they draw humours and waterifh fubftance to thole parts, and remooue out of them hot Iwellings or inflammations, that is to laic, the Icaues newly gathered,and not as yet withered or dried. Some likcwife2ffirmc, that the clufter berries arc efFc&uall to procure vrine: and are giuento G thofc that be troubled with the ftonc,and difeafes of the kidncics. The leaues laide to fteepe in water for a day and a nights (pace, helpeth fore and fmarting FI waterifh eics,if they bebathed and wafhed with the watcr,whcrcrin they fuue beene infufed. Of rough ‘Bindweed, fhap.^oi. # T hekindcs. nP Here be diuers forts of Bindweeds, fome rough 3 and others Imooth 5 fome greater,and others leffe,differing in countrcy and climate, wherof there is one called Zarfa ^as it is deemed of lome new writers: the which wc intend to comprehend vndcr one chaprcr. I Smilax Feruuunx^Sslfipxriftx. Rough Bindweed of Peru. 2 Stnifax AjperA. Common rough Bindweed. 7io THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Thedefcription . S A Lthough we haue great plentie of the rootes of this Bindweed of Peru, which we vfuallie £^ca\\ ZtrzApr Sarfa Pari/Li , wherewith diners griefes and maladies are cured, and that thefe rootes arc very well knowneto all; yet fpeh hath beene the careleflenes and final! prouidence offuch as haue trauelled into the Indies,that hitherto not any haue giuen vs inffrudi- on fufficient,eithcr concerning the leaues,flowers, or fruite,onely Monardus faith 3 that it hath long rootes deepe thruft into the gtound,which is as much,as ifa great learned man fhotild tell the Am¬ ple,that our common carrion Crowe were of a blacke colour,: fpr who is fo blinde that fecth the root it felf,but can eafily affirme the roots.to be very long? notwirh'flading,there is in the reports of fuch as faie they haue feene the plant it fclfe growing, fome contradiction or,contrarieties feme re* port that it is a kind of Bindweed,and efpcciaily one of thefe rough Bindweeds; others, as,one ma¬ iler White an excellent painter who caricd very many people into Virginia (or after fomeNorein- bega) there to inhabite, at which time he did fee thereof great plentie, as himfelre reported vnto me,with this bare defeription 5 It isfaith he,the roote of a final fhrubbie tree,or hedge tree, fuch as are thofc of our countrey called Hawthornes,hauing leaues rcfembling thofe ofluie: but the floir, ers or fruite he remembreth not. * 2 The common rough Bindweede hath many branches fet full oflittle fharpe prickles, with cer- taineclafping tendrels,wherewith it takethhold vpon hedges, fhrubs, and whatfoeuer ftandeth next vnto ir,winding & clafping it felfe about from the bottom to the top,whcron are placed at cue- rie ioint one leafe like that of Iuie, without corners,fbarpe pointed, Idler and harder then thofe of fm00thBindweed50ftentim.es marked with little white fpots, and garded or bordered about the edges with crooked prickles.! he flowers grow at the top of crooked flalkes of a white colour, and fvveet of fme!l: after commeth the fruite like thofe of the wild Vine^green at the firffand red when they be ripc,and of a biting tafte,wherein is conteined blackifh feede, in fhape like thofe of hempe. The roote is Iong,fomcwhat hard 3 and parted into very many branches. 3 SmiUx a ffer a Lufiun/ct. 4 SmiUx after a Germanicn. Rough Bindweed of Portugal!. Germame rough Bindweed. ■HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 711 I • • . ' ' ' k The defer iption. 3 This rough Bindweed found for the mod part in the barren mountains ofPor tin gale., differeth notfromtheprecedent,initalkes,Ieaues,flowersorfruitc. The roote heereof is one (ingle roote of a woodiefi)b(tance,with fome fibres annexed thereto,wherein.cpnfifteth the difference. 4 This Bindweed ofGermanie hath many rough,prickly (talks, garnifhed and fet rounde about with diuers thorns,like thofe of the brier or bramble, winding and wrapping it felfe with his ten- drels about thofe things that do (tande neere vnto it,like the common Bindweed, whereof this is a kinde.Theleaues are like thole of theluie: but (harper at the point, vpon the middle ribbe whereof do (land diuers fhaipe prickles of a black green colour: the flowers grow at the tops of the (balks in tufts,of a white colourjafter commeth the fruite in cinders like thofe of the red fmall radons, called Ribes,and of the (ame bignes.The roote is like the former. k The place. • Zarza parillxp* the pricklcy Bindweede of America,groweth in Ferula prouincc of America,in Virginia,and diuers other places both in the eaft and weft Indies. Theothers growe in rough and vntilled places, about the hedges and borders of ficldes, on mountaines andvallies,in Italie,Languedockin Frauncc,Spaine,and Germanic. k The time. ' / They flower and flourifh in the (pring,their fruit is ripe in Autumne, or a little before. k The names. Itis named in GreekeS.^'A^T^^- Gaza TheophraHns his tranflator nameth it Hedera Cilicia, as likewife Plinte , who writeth in his 24.booke i o.chapter,that it is alfo furnamed 2{Jcophoron. Of theHetrufcians Hedera (pinafa, and Rub us ccruinus: of the Caftilians inSpaine, as Lacuna faith, Zarzapart/la,as though they (hould fay^Kubus vincula or Bramble little vine. Parra as Mxtthiolus interpreted! it,doth fignifie a vine,and Par ilia, a fmall vine,or little vine. Diuers affirmc,that the roote(brought out ofPeru a prouince in America) which the latter her* barifts do call Zarza , is the roote of this Bindweede. Garcias Lopiua Lufitanm granteth it to be hke therupto, but yet he doth not affirme that it is the fame.Plants are oftentimes f ound to be like one another,which notwithftanding are prooued not to be the fame, by fome little difference. The di¬ ners conftitution of the weather and ofthe (oile,maketh the difference. Zarza pan [la of Peru is a ftrangc plant, and is brought vnto vs from the countries of the new worldjCailed America, and fuch things as are brought from thence, although they alfo fee me and are like to thofe that growe in Europe, notwithftandingtheydo often differ in vertue and opera¬ tion. For the diuerfitie of the foile and of the weather, doth not onely breede an alteration in the forme, but doth moft of all prenaile in making the qualities andvertues greater or Icfter. Such things as do growe in hot places be of more force and greater fmell 5 and in cold, oflefler. Some things that are deadly and pernitious, being remoued waxe milde, and are made wholefbme: (o in like manner, although Zarza panlla ofPeru be like to rough Bindweede, or to Spanifh Zarza pa¬ rt notwithftanding by reafbn of the temperature of the weather, and alfo through the nature of the (oile,it is of a great deale more force than that which groweth either in Spaine, or in Afrikc. Therootesof Zarza pari llaoi Peru (which are brought alone without the plant) be long and (lender, like to the lefler rootesof common Liquorice, very many oftentimes hanging from one head,in whichrootes the middle firing is hardeft. 1 hey haue little tafte and fo (inall a knell, as it is not to be perceiued.Thefe are reported to growe in Honduras,a prouince of Peru. They had their name of thelikenefle of rough Bindweede, which among the inhabitants itkeepeth, (ignifying in Latine alfo a rough or prickley vine,as Garcias Lopius doth witnefte. 4 : The temperature. The rootes are of temperature hot and drie, and of thin and (lib till partes, infomuch as their dc- co&ion doth very eafily procure fweate. k The vertues. The rootes are a remedie againft long continuall paine of the ioints and head, and againft colde A difeafes. They are good for all manner of infirmities, wherein there is hope of cure by (wearing, fo thattherebenoagueioined. N The cure is perfected in few dais,if the difeafe be not old or great^but if it be,it requireth a longer B tune of cure 3 mening,as I take it ; the roots of Zarza pari lla ,wherof this Snrilax afperapi rough Bind Y y 4 vveede 7is THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE vveede is holden for a kinde; notwithftanding this of Spaine, though it be counted Iefle woorthjyec it is commended of Diofcorides and plinie againft poifons. The leaues hereof, faith Diojcorides.ztt a countcrpoifon againft deadly medicines,, whether they be drunke before or after. Of fmooth or gentle Hindmede. Cbap.^oy # The kindes. T Here be diuers forts of Bindweedcs 3 diffcring as well in countric,as in forme and figure 3 as (hall be derlnred in rhisnrefentChanter. be declared in this prefent Chapter. i S mil ax lemfiue Uuis maior. Great fmooth Bindweede. 2 Smilax lenii minor. Small gentle Bindwcedc. The description. I T is a ftrange thing vnto me 3 that the name of Smilax fhould fo largely be extended., as that ic flionld be affigned to thofc plants 3 thar come nothing ncere the nature and fcarfly vnto any part of the forme of Smilax indeede. But we wiilleauc controuerfies to the further confideration o f fuch as loue to daunce in quagmires, and to come to this our common fmooth Smilax , called andknovven by that name among vs, or rather more truly by the name of Conuoluulta maior or Folu~ hdismasor: Itbeareth thelongbranches of a vine, but tcndeier 3 and forthe length and greatfprea- ding thereof, very fit to make ihadowes in arbors. The leaues are fmooth like Iuie, but fomewhat bigger,and being broken full ofmilke; amongft which come foorth great, white and hollow flow¬ ers like bels.The (cede is three cornered,growing in fmall husks 3 couered with a thin skin.The rootc is final!,white and long,like the great Dogs grade. 2 Smilaxlenisminorjs much like vnto the former,in ftalkes, leaues,flowers,feede and rootes,fa- uing that in allrefpedjts it is much (mailer, andcrcepeth vpon the ground. The branches arefmali and fmooth: the little leaues tender and fo ft: the flowers like vnto little bels 3 of a purple colour. The feede three cornered like vnto the others. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. •Of which irnall Bindvvccdc there arc foundc other forts which onely vane in the colour of die flowers. ^ The defer igtion. l This thirdekinde o£Bindeweeae ; Pern faith he ncuer fawcbat in the brinks ofquickfecs u and Oliuets in Prouence, Sauoy,andNarbone., noevvithftandingi found the fame growing in the corn fields about great Dunmow in Eflex infuch abundauncei, that it doth very great hurt vnto their corne.This kindc of Bindweed or Vohibilii is like vnto the final! Bindweed before mentioned.but k hath a more delicate flower , plaited or foulded in the compaffcofthe bell, very orderly , efpe- cially before the funne rifc(for after it openeth it lelfe, the welts are not fo much perceiued) and is ofadarke purple colour. The feede is notvnlike the reft,cornered and flat, growing out of (lender braunchcs,which flandc vprightand thickc togither,procecding out of a woodie white roote. The lcaues are lone and narrovv,refembIine Linar tx, bo tit in colour and hairinefle, in tafte drying. and fomewhat heating. 4 The fourth kind of Bindweed called Helxinc of the Greek word which flgnifieth to draw, tocIeauCjOr to pull to him .* being conferred with the forefaidekindes of Bindweedes togithcr with his nature and effect of purging, may yeeldemanifeft reafbns why Cifampelos (hould be alfo of the kindcs of Conuolmlus which D&donxm calleth Conuoluulum nigrum. Butfor as much as there be fower differences to be confldered in the herbe Comioluulus, or as the common people tearrne it Volnbilis , whole vertues haue notas yet by any one beenefet foorth: I hauc therefore thoughtit good to account this Volubilis for the right Ciffkmpelos , which agrecth mod with him as well in place of growing, as alfo in his euident proper tic of purging, which is the onely qualitie tha: Diofe cortdes noteth and applieth vnto him,which the ftudents of Padua call Broeggix^nd of Pliny Scam- moneatcnuiS) and doththinke it to be akindeof the true Scamnionic. This ojfampelcs, or blacks THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Bindweed hath fmoothred branches, and vcrie fmall, like the tendrels of a vine, wherewith it wrappcth and windeth it felfe about trees andhedges,and whatfocuer thingelfe, whereupon it ta- keth holde: the lcaucs are fmall and tender, refembling the leaues of the little Bindwccde, or ra¬ ther the leaues of Spinach .-the flowers are fmall, and of agreenifh or herbic colour. Certaine deceiueable drugmafters,or medicine makers, dwelling neere the fea coafts where this herbe gro- wetli in great quantitie,do mingle the iuice of the fea Tithymale, CoIophonie,Rofin, and the iuice of this Helxine, and fell it for the bed Scammonie,to the great hurt and detriment of thofe that re- ceiue it,and (lander to the Fhifition which miniflreth it. There is a kind of Bindweed that hath a tough root full of threddie firings, from which rife vp immediately diners trailing branches, wherupon do grow leaues like the common field Bindweed, of a blacke greene colour, whereofit tooke his name. The whole plant is not onely a hurtful! wcedc, butofan euiil fmell alfo. •y The place* All thefc kinds of Bindweeds dogrow very plentifully inmofl parts of England. k The time. They do all flower from Maie to the end of Auguft. k 7 he names. The great Bindweede is called in Greeke <ruiAag reia-.m Latine Lauis Smtlax, of Galen 2nd Panins <L*4Egmcta Awk: it is furnamed orfmooth , bicaufethe flaikes and the branches thereof haue no prickles at all. Doltchus called alfo Smilax hortenfls, or kidney Beane, doth differ from this: and likewife Smtlax the tree, which the La tines call Taxtes , in Englifh the Yewe tree. The later Herbarifts do call this Bindweed Folubtlismator, Camp amelia, funis arborum, Conuoluulusalbus, and Smtlax Uhismator : in like maner Plmie in his ? i. booke 5 .chapter, doth ajfo name it Conuoluulm . It is thought to be Ligustrum, not the fhrubbe priuet, but that which Martialtsi nhis firli: books of Epigrams foeaketh of, writing againft Procillta. The fmall Bindweede is called Comioluuitts minor, and Smtlax Unis minor 3 Volubilis minor : in high Dutch OTUMtSUt: m l° w Dutch OTjartfl# X in French Lifer on : in Italian Vikcchio: in Spanifh CampanillaTerna : in Englifh Wirhwinde, Bindweede, and Hedge Bels, k The nature. Thefe herbes are of an hot and drie temperature. k The vertues. The leaues of blacke Bindweede called Helxine Ctffamvelos-j Ramped and (trained^ and the iuice ^ drunken,doth loofe and open the bclhe exceedingly. The leaues poundc and laid to the greeued place,difiblueth,wafteth,and confumethhardlumps ® and fwelling,as Galen faith. The reft of theBindweedes are not fit for medicine 3 but vnprofitable weedes and huitftfll vnto ^ eche thing that grovveth next vnto them. Of 'Blew Bindweed . k The defer iptton* B LeweBindweed bringeth foorth Iong,tender,and winding branches,by which it climeth vpon things that (land neere vnto it,and fouldeth itfelfe about them with many turnings and wind¬ ings ,wrapping it felfe againft the funne contrarie to al other things whatfoeucr,that with their clafping tendrels do imbrace things that ftand neere vnto them;whereupon do grow broad corne¬ red lea ues very like vnto thofe ofIuie,fomething rough and hairie, of an ouerworne ruflet greene colour: among which come foorth moftpleafant flowers bell fafhion, fomething cornered as are thole ofthe common Bindweede, ofamoft fhining azure colour tending to purple: which being paft, there fuccede rounde knobbed feed veftels, wherein is contained long blackifh feedeofthe bignefleof a Tare, and like vnto thofe of the great hedge Bindweede, The rooteis threddie^ and perifheth at the firft approch of winter, Conuolmdsts HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 7*5 Couuoluultu Cay ulcus• Blew Bindweed. Theplace. The feede of this rare plant was firft brought from Syria and other remote parts of the world, and is a ftranger in thefe northren parts, yet haue I brought vp andnourifhed it in my gar¬ den vnto flowring, but the whole plant periled before it couldperfed his feed. # The time. The feede muff be fcwenas Melons and Cu¬ cumbers are, and at the fame time: it flowred with me in the end of Auguft. •k The names. It is called CarnpanaLazula ^ and Lazura , of the later Herbarilts Campana Carulea , and alfo Conuoluuium Catuleum : it is thought to b,e Lj?u- Jirumnig^um^ibiK not trucly) of which Columella in his ioJbookc hath made mention: Fer cal At his violam,& nigro perm if a ligufro Balfama cum Caft a neclens^c. In baskets bring thou Violets / And blew Bindweed vvithall; But mixed with pleafant Baulme And Caflia mcdicinall. For if the greater fmooth Withwindc, or Bind- vveede be Ligufrum , then may this be not vn- properly called Ligufrum nigrum ; for a blcwe purple colour is oftentimes called black, as hath bcene faide in the blacke Violet. But there be fome that would hauc this Bindeweed to be Gramm NilAuicenna, ofwhich he writeth in the 3o6.chapter; the which diffcreth from that Nil that is de¬ ferred in the 512.chapccr. For this is Jfatis Gracorumfiv the Grecian Woadejbut that is a ftrange plant,and is brought from Indians both <^iuicenne and Serapio do teftifie: l^Auicenne in this man¬ ner; what is granumNtl ? it is Chartamum Indum: and Serapio thus ; H&balNil ’ is granum Indicum y in the 28 3.chapter,where the fame is deferibedin thefe words: the plant therof is like to the plant of LeblabjLh&t is to faie of Couoluulus,oi bindweed,taking hold on trees with his tender ftaiks:it hath both greenc branches & leaues,and therecommeth out by cucry leafe a purple flower, in fafhion of the Beil flowers :and when the flower doth fall away,it yeeldeth a feede in fmall coddes(I read little heads) in which are three graines. Idler then the feedesof Stauefaker, to which deferiptionthis blew Bindweed is anfwerablc. There be alfo other forts ofBindweeds,which be referred to Nil Auicenna which no doubt may be kinds of Nilj for nothing gainfaieth it why they fhoulde not be fo. Therefore to conclude, this beautifull Bindweed,which we call Conuoluulus C&rulcus, is called of the Arabians Nil '• of Serapio Habalnih about Alepo and Tripolis in Syria,the inhabitants call it H&fmtfcrr\ the Italians Camp And azurea^ of the beautifull azured flowcrs,and alfo Fiordenottc y bicaufe his beautie appeereth mod in the night. r Ji The temperature. Conuoluulm Ctruleuspr Njl as ^Auiceme faitn,is hot and dric in the Hrft dcgree ; but Serapio ma- keth it to be hot and drie in the third degree. k The vertues. It purgeth and voidethfoorth rawc,thicke, flegmaticke,and mclancholicke humours : it driueth / outallkindeof wormes,butit troubleth the belly and caufctha readines to vomite, as Auicen faith: it worketh flowly as Serapio writeth,in whom more hecrof may be found,but to litle purpofe ? wher» fore we thinke good to pafie it oner. Of 71$ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfScammonie,orpurging Bindweed. Chap. 305 . I Scammonmn Syriacum, 2 Sc Ammonium Monffcllicnfe. Syrian Scammonie. j French Scammomc. The defertytion* 1 O Cammonie of Syria hath many ftalkes riflng from one roote, which are long, (lender, ^^and like the clafping tendrcls of the vine, by which it climcth and taketh holde of fuch things as are next vnto it. The Jeaues be broade/harpe pointed like thofe of the fmooth or hedge Bindweed .-among which come foorth very fairc white flowers tendingtoablufh colour, bell fafhion. The roote is long, thickc,and white within'; out of which is gathered a iuice, that be- inghardned, is greatly vfed in Phificke: for which consideration , there is not any plant tbatgro- weth on the earth, the knowledge whereof more concemcth a Phifition, both for his fhape and properties, then this Scammonie, which JV^calleth La ffaria feanforiaque •voluuh, that is milkie and climbing Windweed,whereof it is a kinde; although for diftindtion fake, I haue placed them as two (iindric kinds. And although this herbe be fufpe6tcd,and halfe condemned of fotne learned men, yet there is not any other herbe to be foundc , whereof (o fmall a quantitie will do fo much good: neither could thole which haue carped at it,and reprooued this herbe, finde any fimpie in relpe&ofhisvertuestobcputin his roome: and hecrcof infueth great blame to all pradtitioners who haue not indeuored to bee better acquainted with this herbe, chiefely to auoide the deceits of the craftiedrugleller and medicine maker of this conic&cd Scammonie, brought vs from farre places. FIISTORIE OF PLANTS. ' 717 pliccs, rather to be called I feareinfedted Scammonie, or poifoned Scammonie, then confe&ed. But to auoide the inconuenienccs heereof, by reafon of the counterfaiung and ill mixing thereof: I haue therefore thought good to fet downe what I haue taken out of the diligent , and no lede learned obferuations otPena, concerning this plant, ^Anno 1 561. or 1562. Sequinus Martinellm , an apothecarie of Venice, being a moft diligent fearcher of SympIes,to the end he might haue the right Scammonie of Antiochc,trauclledinto Syria, wherefrom the citie of Alepo, he fent an hundreth waightof theiuiceof Scammonie of Antioche, prepared and hardned into a lumpe, at the making whereof he was prefent himfelfe. This man fent alfo of the feedes thereof,which in all points anfwered the cornered feed of Volubilu ; which being fowen in the beginning of the fpring at Padua,and Venice,grew vp to the forme of a braue and goodly Con- uoiuuUu 'jw Icaues,flowers andflicwe like vnto our Czffampelos , that a man wouldc haue taken it for the lame without controuerfie,lauing that the roote was great, and inbignelfc equall to the great Brionic,as alio in tendemefle. The outwarde barke of the roote was of a pukic colour, and white within: the inner pith being taken foorth feemeth in all mens judgements to be the fame and the bell allowed Turbith ojficinartm : and yet it differeth from Turbith, in that, that it is more brittle, and will more eafily be broken, though the pith in Scammonie be no leflegummie, and full of milkie iuice then Turbith. Further Pena reporteth that afterward he lent of this feede vnto Ant- werpe,where it grewe very brauely,the diming firings and braunchcs growing vp to the height of flue or fixe cubits, not differing from that which was fowen in Italie. Alfo William Dries o f Ant- werpe, a moft excellent apothecary,did cut off the branches of this Antwerpian Scammonie from the roote, and dried them, planted the feedes in his garden, and conferred the fuperfluous bran¬ ched rootes with the Turbith of Alexandria, and coulde not finde them to differ or difagree. the one from the other in any point. But he that will knowe more concerning Scammonie (Imeane whatapothecarie foeuer,vnto whom elpecially it belongeth) either concerning the right choifc thereof,his difference from Opium,and how the counterfeiting thereof may be knowne,ofthe vfe ofScammonie,andtherealon that the doles which are giuen inthefedaies, will not anfwer the quantitie which was preforibed to be giuen in Galen his time,and how Scammonie is to be correc¬ ted and mixed with other purging medicines, as Diaphanicon, Catholicon , Succws rofarum , Brapca mar inland T ithymale: let him read Pena his learned obferuations in his chapter of Scammonie, where he (hall finde many excellent fecrets woorthie the noting ofthole, as knowhow to vfe filch rare and excellencmedicines, v 2 Scammonie ofMontpcilier(whereof I haue plentiein my garden ) is alfo a kinde ofBindweed, growing naturally by thefea fide vpon the graqely fliore, by the mouth of theriuerRhodanus, at the waters called Aquas marianasjvherc the apothecaries of Montpellier gather of it in great plen- tie,who haue attempted to harden the milkie iuice thereof,to vie it in fteedc of Scammonie of An¬ tioch. This plant bringeth foorth manie {lender branches, which will climbe and verie well runne vpon a pole,as being fupported therewith,and mounteth to the height of fiue or fixe cubits, clim¬ bing and ramping like the firft kinde of Scammonie. Theleaues are greene,lmooth, plaine, and lharpe pointed,which being broken do yeelde abundance of milke:the flowers are white, fmall, and ftarre fafhion: the rootes white and manie, fhooting foorth fundrie other rootes, whereby ic mightily increafeth. • — # The defer ipt ion. 3 This ftrange kinde of Scammonie, which cluflm founde in the marfhie grounds neere vnto the fea in the Prouince of Valentia,being one of the Bindweeds, as are likewife all the reft of Seammo- nies: neucrtheleftc he maketh this to be Per ip/oca fpecies , making Periploca and Scammonie to be of kinred. This plant hath a verie long branch ramping,and taking hold vpon fiich things as do growe necre vnto it, of a darkeruftet colour which we call afh colour, whereupon do grow leaues fliarpe pointed,crooked atthefettingon of the ftalk like thole of the blacke Brionie, andlikewife of an afh colour fet’togrther by couples: from the bofome wherof thrufteth foorth fmall tender foote ftalks, whereon are placed fmall white flowers ftarre falhion. The roote hath not as yet beene difcouered bv any that hath written heereof. ,3 '■ r.A-tZ} US' ■ v - r • - I r 3 ScammoncA THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE StmoncA Valentina. Scammonic ofValencia. •k Thephce. It doth grow in hot regions,in a Fat foile, as in Mifia,Syria,and other hke countries of /\ fia; it is likewife Found in the ^and of Candia,as Bellonm witnefieth, from whence I had lome feedes, of whichleedl receiucd twoplants thatprofpercd exceeding well, the one whereof I bellowed vp- on a learned apothecarie of Colchefter, which continueth to this daic,bearing both flowers and ripe feede. But an ignorant weeder of my garden plucked mine vp, and call it away in my* abfence, infteedeof aweede, by which milchance I am not able to write heereof 1 o abfolutely as I deter¬ mined: it likewife groweth neere vnto the lea fide about Tripolis in Syria, where the inhabi¬ tants do call it Meudhendt. i? The time. It flowred in my garden about Saint lames tide, as I remember 5 for when i went to Briftow fairc, Heft it in flower 5 but at my returne it was deftroi- ed as aforefaid. - % The names. The Greekes call it : the Latines Scam* monitem <, fo naming not onely the plan,t it felfe, but alfo the hard and congealed iuicc: of the apo¬ thecaries Sc&monea , and when it is boiled in a Quince Dtagrtdiuwi as though they fhoulde faie, Jk,Kfv’Jicv: which fignificth a little tears, both the lierbe and iuicc are named Sc.mony^ of Rhafis Coriziola. T he temperature. This iuicc doth mightily purge by the ftoole, and is the ftrongeft purge whatfbeucr 5 for as On* hajm faith, it is in no part oueicomebythofethingswhichftirreandmoouetbebodie. It worketh the fame not vehemently by any hot qualitie,but bvfiome other hid & lecret propertie of the whole fubftancef for there is no excremitie of heat percciued in it by tafle: for with what liquor or thing foeuer it is mixed, it giueth vnto it no bitternefle, biting, or other vnplcafant tafte at alfand there¬ fore it is not to be accounted among the extreme hot medicines 5 but among thofe that are mode¬ rately hot and drie. rr : ie The vert net. A 1 Icclenfeth and draweth foorth efpecally chokr: alfo thinne and watersfh humours, and often¬ times flegme,yet is it as Pmlm teacheth more hurtfull to the ftomacke then any other medicine. B Mejues thinketh that it is net onely troublefome and hurtfull to the ftomacke,but alfo that itfha- ueth me guts,gnawing and fretting the entrailes; opencth the ends of the vainesjand through the eflenceol his whole fubftaunce,itisenimie to the hart, and to the reft of the inward parts: if it be vied immoderately and in time not conuenientjrcaulethfwounings, vomitings, andouerturriings ofthe ftomacke,icouring the bloodie fluxeaad vlccrs in the lower gut , which bring a. continual! .defire to the ftoole. ... C Thefc mifehiefes are preucn;ed if the Sqammonie be boiled in a Quince and mixed with the {lime or mucilage of pftllttm, called Fleawc^r^ the; pappe orpulpe of Prunes, or other things that liauc a flimie iuice,with a litt-leMafticke added,or fome other eafic binding thing. Plinie affirracth that the hurt thereof is taken away if Aloes be tempered with it j Scammonic D E faitiihe, ouerthro'weth the ftomacke, purgeth choler,loo%h-tIie bellyvnlefte two drams of Aloes he put vnto one Icruple of it, which alfo Orib&fm allowed"} ofin the firft bocke of his Sympfes, and the 7«booke of his medicinal! Collcdlions. The old Phificions were alfo woon: to boile Scammonic in a Quince,and to giue the Quince to be HISTORIE OF PLANTS. fr<* bccaten,hauing caft away the Scammonie: and this Quince fo taken doth mooue the belly with¬ out anv hurt vnto the ftomacke, as Galen in his firft booke of the faculties of nqurifhments doth (et downc,and likewife in his third booke of the faculties of fimple medicines. The apothecaries do vfe Scammonie prepared in an apple, which as we haue faide, they name p j)iagridwm,zn& dorriixz it in diners compofitions. They keepe vfually in their fhops two compofitions, or eleduaries, the one of Pfillium or Flea- G woort,fet down by Mefues : the other of Prunes fathered vpon T^Jcholausy which were deuifed for the tempering and corre&ion of Scammonie, and be commended for hot burning agues,and terti¬ ans, and for what dieafes fbeuer that proceed of choler. Galen hath taken Mafticke and Bdellium out of the pillcs called CochU, which alfo conteine in j-| them a great & fufficient quantitie of Scammonie, as we may reade in his firft booke of medicines according to the places afte&cd, which alfo we mcanc to touch in the chapter of Coloquintida, where we intend to intreat at large concerning Mafticke, and other binding things, that are accu- ftomedtobemixed for the corre&ion offtrong and violent purgers. The quantitie of Scammonic,or of Diagridium it felfe,as Me[ues writeth,is from fiue graines to I ten or tweluc: it may be kept, as the fame authour fheweth, fower yeeres: Plinie iudgeth it to be af¬ ter two yeeres little woorth: It is to be vied faith he when it is two yeeres old, and it is not good be¬ fore,nor after.The mixing or otherwife the vfe thereof,more then is fet downe,I thinke it not expe¬ dient to fetfoorth in the Phificall vertues of Scammonie* vpon the receipt wherof, many times death infueth: my reafons are diuers,for that the fame is very dangerous, either if too great a quan¬ titie thereof be taken,or if it be giuen without corre&ion; or taken at the hands offome runnagatc phifickmonger,quackfaIuer, old women leaches, and fuch like abufers ofPhificke, and deceiuers of people.The vfe of Scammonie I commit to the lcarned,vnto whom it efpecially and onely belong¬ ed^ who very carefully and curioufly vfe the fame, ■ : ' I'IHh ': Of ‘Brionie,or the white Vine . (fbap.^06. # Thekindcs. T " 1 Here be twokindcs ofBrionie(befides the wilde one,called Brion'ta JylueJtru ,or wilde Brionie) * the one white,the other blacke,of the white Brionie as folioweth. ^ The deferbtion. W Hite Brioniebringeth foorth diuers long and {lender ftalkes, with many clafping tern drcls like the Vine, wherewith it catchcth holde ofthofe things that are next vnto it. The leaues arc broad,fiue cornered , and indented like thofe of the Vine; but rougher, more hairie,and whiter of colour. The flowers be fmall, white, growing manie togither.Thefrui e confifteth in little clufters,the berries whereof are at the firft greene, and red when they be ripe. The roote is veric great, long, and thicke, growing deepe in the earth, of a white yellowifh co¬ lour, extreme bitter, and altogither of an vnpleafanttafte. The Queeneschiefe Chirurgion,Ma- fter William Goodorous ,a very curious and learned gentleman,fhewed me a roote heereofi that waied halfc an hundred waight,and of the bignefle of a childe,of a ycere olde. Brton'u THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Bryonia a White Bryonie. rk The place. Brionic growcth almoft euery where among pot herbesjhedge bufhes, and fuch like places. •f: The time. It flowrcth in Maie, and bringeth foorth his grapes in Autumne. •k The names. Bryonie is called in Greek dymroi xzvr.n in Latin Kith alba,or white Vine,and it is named bi- caufc it is not onely like the Vine in ieaues, but al¬ io for that it bringeth foorth his fruite made vp after the likenefle of a little cinder, although the berries ftandc not clofe togither : it is called of T lime Bryonia and Madon i of the Arabians of/. phejera : of Math&us Syluaticni Kit ice Ua : in the poore mans Treafure Rorafrum: of ^Apuleitu Api~ aftelltim, vim 7 aminia Kitii alba, and Kit alb a : in high Dutch : in low Dutch in Eng.ilh Bryonie, white Bryonie, and tetter Bcr- rie : in French Couleurtc ' in Italian Zucca faluatica: in Spanifh Nueza blapca . rk The temperature. White Brionie is in all his parts hot and dric, exceeding the thirdc degree, elpeciallyof heatc, with an exceeding great force of clenfing and fcouring, by reafon vvhercofit purgeth and draw- ethfoorth, not onely cholericke and flegmatike humours,but alfo watrie* it The venues. A Diofcorides writCth that the full fprings or Iproutings being boiled and eaten, do purge by fiege and vrine. Galen faith, thatall men vfecuftomably to catcofitin the Ipring time, and that it isa nourifnment holiomc, by reafon of the binding qualitie that it hath j which is to be vnderftood of thole of the wildeVine,called in Latinc T/im# 3 andnotof the fproutingsof this plants for the Iproutings or the full Iprings of white Bryonie arc nothing binding at all, but do mightily purge the belly,and torment the ftomacke. B Diofcorides alfo affirmeth,tbat the iuice of the roote being prefled out in the fpring, and drunkc with meade or honied water,purgcth flegme: and not onely the iuice,but alfo the deco&ion of the roote draweth foorth flegme,choIer,and waterifh humours, and that very ftrongly 3 and is withali oftentimes fo troublefome to the ftomacke,as it procureth vomite. C This kinde of ftrong purgation is good for thofe that haue the dropfie,the falling ficknes, and the difinefte and fwimming of the braine and head,which hath continued long, and is h ardly to be remoouedryet notwithftandingitisnotdailytobegiuen (asD/p/cm^jadmoni{"heth) to them that haue the falling lickncs,for it wil be troubidome inough being taken now & thcn:& it is(as wc haue faid)an exceeding ftrong medicine,purging with violence, & very forccafcle for mans nature, D The roote putvp in manner ofapeftarie bringeth foorth the deadchilde and afterbirth: being boiled for a bath to lit in,it worketh the lame effedh E Itfcoureth the skin,andtaketh away wrintkles,freckles,funneburning,blacke marks,fpots,anc fears oftheface,being tempered with the meale of vetches or Tares, or of Fenugreeke: orboilec in oile till it be confumed; it taketh away blacke and blewe Ipots which comeof ftrires: it is gooc againft Whitlowes: being ftamped with wine and applied it breaketh biles 5 andlmall apoftumes it draweth foorth Iplinters and broken bones if it be ftamped and laid thereto. F The fame is alfo fitly mixed with eating medicines as Diofcorides writeth, G The fruit is good againft fcabs and the leprie,ifit be applied and annointed on, as the fame au¬ thor aftirmeth. . . - G.de HIS TO RIB OF PLANTS. 721 Gikn wfiteth that it is profitable for Tanners to thicken their leather hides with. H Furthermore anele&uarie made of the rootes and honyor fugar, is fingular good for them that I are fhorte winded, troubled with an old cough, paine in the Tides, and for inch as are hurt and bur- lien inwardly: for it diHoliieth and fcattercth abroad congealed and clotrered blood. The roote damped with fait, is good to be laide vpon fiithie vlcers and Icabbed legs. The fruite K is likewife good to the fame intent if it be applied in manner aforcfa ide. The roote of Bryonie and of wakc-Robin damped with fome fulphur or brimdonc, and made vp L into a made or lump and wrapped in a linnen clout,taketh away the morphewe, freckles,and Ipocs ^f the face, if it be rubbed with the fame being dipped fird in vincgcr. Of blacke 'Bryonie,or the wilde vine . Qhap.^oy. I Bryonia nigra. 2 Bryon id nigrafylueJlru. Blacke Bryonie. Wilde blacke Bryonie. & T he defer ift ion. i > "T h He blacke Bryonie hath long flexible branches of a woodic fubdance, couered with a ga- pingor clouen barke growing very farre abroad, winding it felfe with his fmall tendrels about trees, hedges, & what elfe is next vnto it,like vnto the branches of the Vine. The leaues are like vnto thofe of Iuie or garden Nightfhade,(harpe pointed, and of a fhining greene co- lour.the flowers are white,fmall and molfiejwhich being pad, there fuccccde little cluders of red berries,fomewhat bigger then thole of the fmall Raifons,or Ribes, which we call Currans or fmall daifins. The roote is very great and thickc,oftentimes as bigge as a mans legge, blackifh without, and very clammie or llimy within;whichbcingbutfcraped withaknife, or any other thing fit for thatpurpole, it leemeth to be a matter fit to fpread vpon cloth or leather in maner ofaplaider or feare clothjwhich being fo Iprcd and vied,it ferueth to laic vpon many infirmities,and to very good pvnrpoles,as lhall be declared in the proper place. z The 7 ii THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 The wilde blacke Bryonie refemblcth the former, as well in (lender Vinie ftalkes as leauejj but clafpingtcndrels hathitnone,ncucrthclcflebyreafonofthc infinite braunches,and the tendernes of the fame,it taketh holdeofchofe things that (land next vnto it 3 although eafie to be loofed, con- trarietotheotherofhiskinde. The berries heercof are blacke of colour when they be ripe.' The roote alfo is blacke without 5 and within of a pale yellow^ colour like boxe. k The place. The firft oftheft plants doth grow in hedges and bufhes almoft euery where. The fccond groweth in Helfia 3 Saxonie 3 Weftphalia 3 Pomer]and 3 &Mifnia,whcre white Bryony doth not growers Valerius Cor das hath written 3 who faith that it groweth vnder Hafell trees 3 ncer vnto a citie of Germanic called Argentine,or Strawsborough. k The time. They fpring in March 3 bring foorth their flowers in Maie 3 and their ripe fruite in September. k The names. Blacke Bryonie is called in Greek <iyM ■ in Latinc Bryonia nigra , and Fit is fylutHris, or wilde Vine ; notwithftanding it doth not a little differ from Labrufca> or Fit is vinifera.fyluettris,thzt is to laic, horn the wilde Vine 3 which bringeth foerth wine 3 which is Iikewift called Ampelosaqria: why both thefe were called by one name 3 Plinie was the cauft,whocould notfufficiently expounde them in his 2 3.booke firft chapter 3 but confounded them,andmade them allone, in which errour are alfo the Arabians. This wilde Vine alfo is called in Latine,7a^/&,and the fruit thereof Fhx Taminia. P///wnamcth it alfo SalicxJlrum.RueJkusi. aith that in certaine (hops it is called Sigilkm E.Maria: it is alfo called Cyclaminm altera but not properly: in Englifh blacke Bryonie,wilde Vine,and our Ladies Seale. kThe temperature. The rootes of the wilde Vine arc hot and drie in the third degree; the fruite is of like tempera- ture 3 but yet not fo forceable: both of them fcower and waft awaie. k Thevertues. Dijfcorides faith that the rootes do purge waterifh humours 3 and are good for fiich as haue the dropfie^iftheybeboiledin wine, adding vnto the wine a little fta water 3 and be drunke in three ounces of faire frefh water: he faith furthermore, that the fruit or berries doth take away the funne burns and other blemilhes of the skinne. g The berries do not onely clenfe and remoouc fuch kinde of(pots 3 but do alfo very quickly wafte and confumc away blacke and blewe marks that come of brufes and drie beatings, which thing alfo the roots performe being laid vpon them. q The yoong and tender fproutings are kept in pickle, and referued to be eaten with meatc as Di- ojeondes teacheth. Mathiolus writeth that they are ferued at mens tables alfo in our age in Tufcanc: others report, the like alfo to be done in Andalofia 3 one of the kingdomesof Granado. D It is laid that fwinefeeke after the rootes heerof, which they digge vp and cate with no lefle de¬ light then they do the rootes of Cyclaminm , or Pants for rimes , whereupon it was called Cyclaminm altera , or Sowe bread 5 if this reafon ftande for good, then may we in like mancr ioine heereunto many other rootes, and likewife call them Cyclaminmaltera , or Sowe bread: for fwine do not fteke after the rootes of this onely, digge them vp and greedily deuoure them 3 but the rootes of diuers other plants alfo,of which none are of the kinds of Sowbread. It would therforc be a point of rafh- nefte to affirme 7 amiss or our Ladies Seale to be a kind of Sowbread,bicaufo the rootes thereof arc pleafantmeate to Swine. ja The roote fpred vpon a peece of fhecpcs Icather,in mancr of aplaifter whileft it is yet frefh. and greene,raketh away blacke or blewe markes,all foarres and deformities of the skin, breaketh hardc apoftemes, draweth foorth fplinters and broken bones,diflolueth congealed bloud5 and being laid on and vied vpon the hippe or huckle bones 3 fhoulders, armes , or any other part where there i$ greatpaine and ach 5 it taketh it away in fbort lpace,and worketh very cffeduaUy. Of 7*3 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. OfUryonie of zSWexico. Chap. 308. X Mechoicm. Bryonie of Mexico. 2 Mechoaun Peruumm . Bryonie of Peru. - The deferiptioH. ' I 'T* Hat plant which is nowe called MeehoicmfK Bryonie of MexicoCottimeth verie neere I the kinds of Bindweeds, in leaues&trailingbranches a but in rootes like the Bryonies; fat there (hooteth from the rbotc thereof many long {lender tendrels, which do infinitely grafpe and clafpe aboutfuch thing?as growe or ftande next vnto themr whereiipon do grow great broad leaues lharpe pointed,of adarke greene colour,in fhape like thole of our Ladies Seale Tom- what rough and hairie,and a little biting the tcongiamongthe leaues come foorth the flowers (as JV/M/auscJlfMarduwritcthjnotvnlikc tothofe ofthc Orengctree, but rather of the golden apple ofLouCjConfifting offiue fniall leaues; out of the midft wherofeommeth foorth a little clapper or pcftellinmaner of a round lumpe,asbigge as a HafellNut,which being.diuided with a chinne skin, or membrane, thatcommetb thorough it, openethinto two panes,in each whereof are contained two (cedes,as big as Peafe,in colour blacke and fhining.The roote is thickc and long,very like vnto the roote of white B»ryome,whereoifwe make this v akinde, although in the tafte of the roores there is fome difference rfoctbe roote of white Bryonie hath a bitter tafte, and this hath little or no tafttat-all. ■ r ^ r - ; lb . rii a The Bryonie,or Mcchoac&n ofiVetn groweth vp with-manV long trailing flexible branches ^inter¬ laced with diucrs Virlie tendrels, whkh take hold of Inch tilings as are next or neere vnto them, euen in filch manner of clafpingand climingasdoth the blacks Bryonie ; or wine Vine, whereunto it is very like almoft in eche refpedt, fauihgtbat his moffie flowers do fmell vei y Iweetly. The fruit asyetlhauenotobfertied, by feafon that the plant which doth growe in my garden, did not per- (edfthcfamc^ byocoaflon of the great rainc and intemperate weather, that happened in \~Anv6 i 5 ?^.bi!tIamingoodhope l to lee it in his perfe&ion, then we fhall cafily iudge whether ir be % Zz 2 that 724 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE that right Mechoacan that hath beene brought from Mexico, and other places of the Weft Indies or no ? The rootc by the figure iliould feerne to anfwerc that of the ^Idc Vine, but as yet thereof 1 cannot write certainly. v ;V " t . «■ kThe place. Some write that Mechoacan was firft found in thcprouincc of newSpaine, neere vnto the citie of Mexico or Mexican, whereof it tooke his name. It groweth likewile in aprouinccof the Weft Indies called Nicaragua, and Quito, where it is thought the beft doth growe. kThe names. Itbeareth his name as is faid,of the prouincc in which itis found. Some take it to be 'BryoniaJpe- cies, or to be akinde of Bryonie : but feeing the rootc is nothingbitter, but rather without tafte, or as one faith,without qualitie,it hath little agreement with Bryonie ; for the roote of Bryonie is very bitter. Diners name it Rha album, or white Rubarbc, but vnproperly, being nothing like. It com- meth neerer vnto Scammonie, and if I might yceld my cenfure,itleemcth to be Scammoniumytui- dans Americanumpx a certaine Scammonie of America. Scammonie creepeth ,as we haue laid,in manner of Bindweede. The roote is botffwhitc and thickc : the iuice hath but little tafte, as hath this of Mechoacan: it is called in EnglifK Mechoca and Mechocan, and may be called Indian Bryonie. k The temperature. The roote is of a meane temperature betweene hot and coIde,but yet drie. k 7 he vertues. fa It purgeth by liege,efpecially flegme, and then waterifh humors. It is giuen from one full dram weight to two,and that with wine,or with fome diftilled water (according as the difeafe requircth) or eife in flefh broth. £ Itisgiuen withgood fuccefle toalljwhofedifealesproceedeof flegme and coldchumors. Itis good againft headach that hath continued long,olde coughes .hardnefle of breathing, the colickc, paine of the kidneies and ioints,the difeafcs of the reines and belly. , Of the Manured Vine . Qhap. 309 . kThekindes. HP He Vine may be accounted among thole plants that haue neede of ftaics and props, and can- not ftande by themfelues jit is helde vp with poles and frames of woode,and by that mcanes it fpreadeth all about and.climeth aloft: it ioinethit felfe vnto trees, or whatlbeucr ftandethnext vnto it. IQ „ q.. L ;: ja ' ; n j .• Qf Vines that bring forth wine,fome be tame and husbanded; and othei$,that be wilderof tame Vines $tere be roany^hgtare grcater,and likewife another fort that be Idler. . ihcJ 1 solo ) rfl snae . . osni k The defeription* 1 He trunke or bodie of the Vine is great and thicke, very hard, couercd with many barkes, i and thole full of cliffes or chiokes, from whicbgrowc foorth branches, as it were armes, ■many waies fpieading, out of which come foorth iointed fhootes; andlprings; and from the bofomeo; thole ioints.leaues and clafping tendrels; and likewife bunches or clufters filled full ofgrapes: the,lcaues be broad, fomething round,fiue cornered, and fomcwhaitindentcd about the cdge$ 5. 'among which come foorthim any clalping teftdrels, that take holcboffucb props and ftaics as do Hand next vnto it. The grapes do differ both in colour and greatnes, and alio in many other things,the which to diftinguifh feuerallv were impclfible,confidefing the infiiTite forres or kindes; and alfo thole which are tranlplanted from one region or climare to another,, do likewife alter both from the fojnne and tafte they had befo re j i nconfi deration, whereof,it fhall be fufficicnt to let foortb the figures of a few, and fpeake fomewhat of the reft, T T q “ : - :o ni ■ v - - ■ ’-ns/ ai it 2 The Spanifh Wine Vine, or the Vine of wbofe finite the wine called Sccke is made, differeth woonderfuily according to the placeor coiintric-where it groweth: for it isiwcH knowen that wine of Madera,-Canaria, Giecia, andfuch other countries where thojekindes of Vigcs do grow; bring ‘ . 1 2 ’ *• . ' foorth HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ' 7 j 5 foorth wine differing very notably one from another in diners refpe&s,and yetal and euery of them kindes of Seckc: and therefore it fhall be to frnall purpofe to vfe further fpeech as touching this Vine, more then to let you know the thing that the fimpleft doth knowe,that is to faie: it is Iikewife a Vine ofawoodie fubftance, itbringethfoorth bunches of grapes like vnto the common Vine, differing onely in tafte. I Fit is vinifera. The manured Vine. 2 Fitisvimfera Hijfanica. The Spanifh manured Vine. & Thedefcription. 3 There is found in Grecia and the parts of Morea , as fantalarea, Z&ntc ,S*pho!onia,ir\& Petros ^ (whereof fome are Ilands,and the other of the continent) a certaine Vine th at hath a trunke or bo- d.y of a woodie fubftance ,with a fcalic or rugged barke, of a grayifh colour 5 whereupon do growe fare broad Ieaues, (lightly indented about the edges,not vnlike vnto thofe of the MarCh Mallow: from the bofome whereof come foorth many frnall clafpingtendrels, and alfo tough and pliant fboteftalks, whereon do grow very faire bunches ofgrapes,ofa watchetblewifh colour; from the which fruite commeth foorth long tender laces or firings, fuch as is found among Sauorie;wher- upon we call that plant which hath it,laced Sauorie,not vnlike vnto that that groweth among and vpon Tlaxe, which wc call Dodder, or Podagra Uni, whereof is made a blackc wine,'which is called Greeke Wine,yec of the tafte of Secke. 4 The plant that beareth thofe CmllRaifbns which are commonly called Gorans or Currans, or rather Raifins of Corinth, is not that plant which among the vulgar people is taken for Cur¬ rans, beinga fhrubbe or bufh thatbringeth foorth final 1 cluftersofberrics^diiferingasmuchas may bee from Corans, hailing no affinitic with the Vine, or any kinds thereof. The Vine that beareth fmall Raifins or Corans, hath a bodie or ftockc as other Vines bane, hraunehes and tcndrels Iikewife. Theleaues are larger then any of the others, fnipt about the edges like the teeth ofafawe; among which come foorth clutters of grapes, in forme like the other, but final* lerjof ablewifhcolour;whichbeingripcaregatheredandlaidvponhurdels, carpets, mats, and n i 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE fuch like,in the funne to drie: then are they caried to fome houfc and laid vpon hcapes, a? we laie apples,or corne in a garner,vntil the marchants do buie them:then do they put them into Buttes or other wooden vdlels, and treade them downc with their bare fcece, which they call Stiuing, and ; fo are they brought into thefc parts for our vfc. / 3 T'uabarbat*. 4 VuAzibeb*. Lacedjor bearded Grapes. The Vine thatbearcth Currans. ^ The defer if tion. 5 This kinde of Vine hath great Ieaues,very broad, of an ouerworne colour, wherupon do grow great bunches of grapes, of a blcwifh colour. Thcpulpe ormeate whereof fticketh or cleaueth fo hard to the graines or little ftones,that the one is not eafily diuided from :he other, refembling fome ftarued or withered berrie that hath beene b!afted,whereofit tooke the name DuracixA. There be fome Vines that bringfoorth grapes of a whitilh or reddifh ycllowe colour, others of a deepe red,both in the outwarde skin, pulpe and iuice within. There be others whofe grapes are of a blcwe colour,or fomthing red , yet is the iuice like thofe of the former. Thefe Grapes do yeeld forth a white Wine before they areputinto the prefle, and a reddifh or pallet wine when they are troden with the huskes,and lo left to macerate or ferment , with which if they remainc too long,they yeeld foorth a wine of a higher colour. There be others which makeablackeandobfcureredwine, whereof fome bring bigger cIu- : fters,and confi ft of greater grapes jothers ofJeffer: fome growe more cluttered and clofer toge¬ ther,others loofer; fomehaue but oneftone, others moe; fome make a more auftcre or harfh wine, others a more fweete; of/bine the o'd Wineisbeft, of diners the firttyeeres Wine is molt excellent 5 fome bring foorth fruite fower fquare, of which forts or kinds,we hauc great plentie. ; 5 rit* historie OF PLANTS. 7'-? 5 Vitis duructnx ,. Starucd, or hard grapes. ^ ThepUce. ^ A fie foile for Vines,faith Florentine,is cutty blackc earth , which is not very ciol’c nor clam- mic, hauing fomc moifture;notwithftanding Co- lumcllx faitn, that great regarde is to be had* what kindc or fort of Vine you woulde nourifh* according to the nature of the countric and foile. A wife husbandman will commit to a fat and fruittull foile a lcane Vine, and of his ovvne na¬ ture not too fruitfully to a ieane groiinde a fruit- fullVine:toaclofeandcompa& earth, afprea- ding Vine, and that is full of matter to make brandies of: to a loofe and fruitfull foile, a Vine of fe we branches. The fame Columella faith, that the Vinedelightethnotin dung, of what kinde foeucritbe; butfrefh moulde mixed withfome fhauings of horn is the beft to be difpofed about the rootes, to caufe fertilitie. it 7 he time. Columellx faith, that the Vines muft be pruned before theyoong branches bud foorth. Palladiat writeth in Februaric.-if they be pruned later, they lofe their nourifhment with weeping. •kTbenxms. The Vine is called in Greckcafwi-Aof much to fay in Latin,as Vitis viniferxpt the Vine which bearcth wine, and dfj.7j\Kt(iu^,xh2.t\s i Vitismxnfuefx£{a i fiuecultiuA, tame or manured Vine: and it is called o/r6®»£#;,that it may differ from both the Bryonies,the white and the blacke,and from T4w«*,or our Ladies feale, which belikewife named a^mKoi: It is called Vitis, bicaufe itiuitatur ad ’vuitfpariendas.lt is cherifbcd to the intent to bring foorth full elufters,as Varro faith. Plinie maketh Vux A ibeba.Alexxndrinx vitis jot Vine of Alexandria,in his i4.booke third chap¬ ter,defer ibing the fame by thofe very woords that Tbcophrxtfus doth. Diojcor/des fetteth it downc tob cx/tera jpecies Vitis fylueBris, ora fecond kindc of wilde Vine, but we had rather retaineit among the tame Vines.Wc may name it in Englifh final Raifin Vinc.The fruits are hereof called in fhops by the name of Pxffularum de Corintho : in Englifh Currans,or fmall Raifins. SylueHrisVttupt wilde Vine,is called in Greekc««^»* a^^and in Latine Lxbrufca t as in Virgils Eclogs. SylucHru rarts (pxrfit labrufex rxcemu. The wilde Vine with her branches few and clufters thinne Adornes our countrcy Bowre,a feemely thing I winne. To this wilde Vine do belong thofe,which Phnie in his 16. bookc 2 7. chapter, reporteth to be cal¬ led Tnfera, or that bring three fundric fruites inoneyeere, as Inf an a, and mad bearing Vines, bi- caufc in thofe fomc clufters are ripe and full growen, fome in fvvelling,ancl others but ftowring. The fruit of theVine is called in Greekc.^7?u< andsa^w.- in Latine Racemus and Vux: in Englifh a bunch or ciufter of G rapes. The cluftcr of Grapes that hath beenc withered or ’dried in the funne, is named in Greeks in LztmcVnxpxffai m fhops Paffutx: in Englifh Raifins of the funne. The berric or grape it felfe is called in Latine Actnsts^nd alfo Granum, as Democritm faith,fpca- kingof theberrie. ihefecdcor ftones contained within the berries, are called in Latine Vimcca, and fbmetimes Nutlet : in fhops ofr/iZ^as though they fhould fay ArMiJoiczufe they arc drie,and yceld no .tuice, Zz 4 not- 728 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE notwithftanding Ftnacea zxzztfotykcnm ColurneIk for the drofleor remnant of the grapes after they be prefled. The ftalke,which is in the middle of the cluftcrs, and vpon which the Grapes do hang, is called of G den (& 7 fvj*s } of Farro, S caput vuarwn. •«? The temperature and verities. A The tender and clafping branches of the Vine and the leaues do coole ,and mightily bind. They flay bleed ingin any part of thebodie. They arc good againft the laske,the bloodicflixe, the hart- btirne,or heate of the ffomacke, readines to vomit. It ftaieth the hiding or longing of women with child,though they be But outwardly applied,and alio taken inwardly any manner ofwaies.They be morcouer a remedie for the inflammation of the mouth,and almonds of the throte, if they be ear- galed,or the mouth wafhed therewith. - ; g Of the fame facultie be alfo the clufters gathered before they be ripe; and likewife the bunches of thewilde grape ( that we accept for one of the manured grapes called Currans) whichis ac¬ counted to be more efledluall againft all thofe infirmities. Q Dtofcoriies faith, that the liquor which falleth from the bodie and branches being cut, and that fomtime is turned as it were into a gum(which driucth fborth ftones out of the kidneies and blad- der,if the fame be drunke in wine ;) healeth ringworms,fcabs, and leprie,but the place is firft to be rubbed with Niter; being often annointed or laide on, it taketh away fuperfluous haires; but yet lie faith that the fame is beft which iffueth foorth of thegreene and fmaller flicks, cfpecially that liquor that falleth away whileft the branches are burning, which taketh away wartes, if it bee laide on them. £) The ftones and other things remaining after the prcfling,are good againft thebloodie flixc,thc laske oflong continuance,and for thofe that are much fubieft to vomiting. E The afhes made of the flicks, and droffc that remaineth after the prefling, being laid vpon the piles,and hard fwellings about the fundament, doth cure the fame ibeingmixed with oile of Rue or Herbegrace and vineger, as the fame author affirmeth, ithelpeth to ftrengthen members out of ioint, and fuch as are bitten with any venemous beafl, andeafeth the paine of thefpleene or milt, being applied in manner of a plaifter. F The latter age do vfe to make a lie of the afhes of Vine flicks, in compofitions of cauftickeand burning medicines, which feme in fleede of a hot iron : the one we call a pocentiall cauterie, and the other aduall. Of Grapes. T* Of Grapes thofe that are eaten rawe do trouble the belly, and fill the ftomacke f ull of winder cfpecially fuch as are of a fewer and auftere tafte.fuch kinde of grapes do very much hinder the con- codion ofthe ftomacke, and while they aredifperfed through the liuer and veines, they engender cold and rawe iuice,which cannot eafily be changed into good blood. H Sweetc grapes and fuch as are thorow ripe, are Iefle hurtfull: their iuice is hotter, and is eafiiier difperfed. They alfo fooner pafte thorow the belly, cfpecially being moift, and moft of all if the li¬ quor with the pulpe be taken without the ftones and skin,as Gden faith. I The fubftance of the ftones,although it be drier,and of a binding qualitie, doth defeend thorow all the bowels, and is nothing changed : as alfo the skins, which are not altered in thebodie at all, or very little. K Thofe grapes which haue a ftrong tafte of wine,are in a mcanc betweene fower and fweetc. L Such grapes as haue little iuice do nourifh more , and thofe lefte that haue more iuice : but thefc do fooner ddccnd;for the bodie receiueth more nourifhment by the pulpe,than by the iuice; by the iuice the belly is made more foluble. M Grapes haue the preheminence among the Autumne fruits,and nourifh more than they all,but yet not fo much as figs : and they haue in them little ill iuice, efpecially when they be thorowe ripe. N Grapes may be kept the whole ycere, being ordered after that maner which Icachimm Came- rarittt nowe lining in Noremberg reporteth . You fhall take (faith he) the ineale of muftard feede, and ftrow in the bottome of any earthen pot well leaded; whereupon you fhall lay the faireft bun¬ ches of the ripeft grapes, the which you fhall couer with more of the forefaid meale, and lay vpon that HIST OR I E OF PLANTS. 72 9 that another fort of grapes ,fo doing vntill the pot be full. Then fhall you fill vp the pot to the brim withakindeof Iweete wine called Muft. The pot being \ery clofe couered fhall be fetinto fome cellcr,or cold place. The grapes may you take foorth at your pleafure, walhing them with faire water from the powder. Of Raifons. Of Raifons moft are fweete; fome haue an auftere or harfli tafte. Sweete Raifons are hotter, A auftere colder 5 both of them do moderately binde, but the auftere fom what more, which do more ftrengthen the ftomacke. The fweete ones do neither flacken the ftomacke nor make the belly foluble,if they be taken with their ftonqs- which are of a binding qualitie: otherwifethe ftones ta¬ ken foorthjthey do make the belly loofe and foluble. Raifons do yeeld good nourifhment to the bodie; they haue in them no ill iuice at all, but do in- B gender fomewhat a thicke iuice, which motwithftanding doth nourifh the more. There commeth of fweete and fat Raifons moft plentie of nourifhment ; of which they are the C beft that haue a thinne skin. There is in the fweete ones a temperate and fmoothing qualitie with a power to clenfe mode- D rately. They are good for the cheft, lungs, windepipc, kidneies, bladder, arid for the ftomacke: for they make fmooth theroughnes of the winde pipe, and are good againft hoarfoefle, fhortneftc of breath,or difficultic in breathing: they ferue to concoCt the lpettle, and to caufe it ro rife more eafi- lie in any difeafe whatfoeuer ofthc cheft, fides and lungs, and doth mitigate the paine of rhekia- neics and bladder, which hath ioinedwith it heate and fharpenefte of vrine: they dull and allaie the malice of fharpe and biting humours that hurt the mouth of the ftomacke. Moreouer Raifons are good for theliuer,as Galen writeth in his y.booke of medicines according E to the places affe&ed: for they be of force to concoCt rawe humours, and to reftraine their malig- nitie,and they themfelues do hardly putiefie: befides they are properly and of their owne fubftance familiar to the entrailes,and cure any diftemperaturc,and nourifh much, wherein they are chiefely to be commended,for Raifins nourifh,ftrengthen refill: putrefaction, and if there be any diftempe- raturebyreafonofmoiftureandcoldnefle, they helpc without any hurt^as the faide Galen af- firmeth. TheoldePhifitians haue taught vs to take foorth the ftones, as we may fee in diuers compofiti- F ons of the auncicnt writers,as in that compofition which is called in Galen l .Arteriaca Mithridatis , which hath the feedes of the Raifins taken foorth: for feeing that Raifins containe in them a thicke fubftance,they cannot eafily pafte through the vaines, but are apt to breede obftru&ions and Hop¬ pings of the entrailes ,which things happen the rather by reafon of the feeds; for they fo much the harder pafte through rhe body,and do quicklier and more eafily caufe obftrudions, in that they are more aftringent or binding. Wherefore the feedes are to be taken out; for fofhall the iuice of the Raifins more eafily pafte,and the fooncr be diftributed through the entrailes. Biofcorides reporteth that they Raifins being chewed with pepper,draweth flegme and water out G of the head. Of Raifins is made a pultis good for the gout, rottings about the ioints, gangrenes and morti- H fied vlcers, being ftamped with the herbe Alheale,it quickly taketh away the nailes that are loofe in the fingers or tocs,being laid thereon. Of Muft. Muft, called in Latine MuHum , that is to fay, the liquor newly iftiiing out of the grapes when | they be troden or prefled, doth fill the ftomacke and entrailes with winde, it is hardly digefted, it is ofa thicke iuice, and if it do not fpeedily pafte through the bodie,it bccommcth more hurtfull. It hath onely this one good thing in it, as Galen faith,in that it maketh the bodie foluble. That which is fweeteft and prefled out of ripe Grapes doth fooneft: pafte through ; but that K which is made of fower and auftere Grapes is woorft of all: it is more windie, it is hardly concoc¬ ted,it ingendreth rawe humours ;and although it doth defeend with a loofenefle of r.he belly, nct- withftanding it oftentimes withallbringeth thecolicke, and paines of the ftone; bur if thebellie be not mooned, all things are the woorle, and more troublefome, and it oftentimes bringeth an extreme laske, and the bloodie flixe. That no THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE A That firft part of the wine that commcth foorth of it felfc before the grapes be hard prefled, is anfwerable to the grape it felfc,and doth quickly defeend: but that which iftueth forth afterwards, hauing fomepart of the nature of the ftoncs,ftalke,and skins, is much woorfe. Of Cute. B Of Cute that is made of Muff 3 which the Latines call Sapa, an&Defrutiw is that liquor which we call in Englifh Cute,which is.made of the fweeteft Muft, by boiling it to A certaine thicknefle, or boiling it ro a third part, as Columella writeth. C Plwie affirmeth, that Sapa and Defiutum da differ in the manner of the boiling: and that Sap a is made,when the new wine is boiled away, till oncly a third part xemaineth: and Defiutum tillhalfe be boiled. ... >o• v - D Sir turn, faith he in his r^bookc i y.chap.which others call H»**.and we Sapa, the workc of wit & not of nature, is made of new wine boiled toa 3.part:which being boiled to halfe,we cal Dejrutum, E psdladim someth to thefe Caratnum, which as he faith, is made when a third part is boiled away, and two remaine. F Leontius in his Geoponickes, fheweth that Hepjema muff be made of eight parts of new wine, and a i oo.of wine it felfe boiled to a third. G Galen teff ifieth that is ne we wine very much boiled.The later Phifitions do call Hepjema or ^^4,boiled wine. H Cute or boiled wine is hot,yet not fo hot as winc,but it is thicker; yet notfo eafily diftnbuted,or caried through the body,and it (lowlier defeendethby vrinc, but by the belly oftentimes fooncr, for it moderately maketh the fame fbluble. 1 It nourifheth more and fillcth the body quickly, yet doth it by rcafon of his thickncs fticke in the ftomacke for a time , & is not fo fit for the iiucr,or for the fpJene.Cutc alfb doth digeft raw humors that fticke in the cheft and lungs, and raifeth them vp fpee dily. It is therefore good for the cough and fhortnes of breath. K The Vintners of the low countrics(I will not fay of London)do make of Cute and wine mixed in a certaine proportion, a compoundc &countcrfaitc wine, which they fell for Candie wine, com- monly called Malmfey. L Pltme faith in his r^booke p.chapter,that Cute was firft dcuifed for a baftard honie. Of Wine. n. I M To fpeakc of Wine, the iuice of grapes, which being newly prefted foorth, is called as wehauc laid Muflumpt new wine. After the dregs and drofle are fetled,and now it appccrethpurc&clcer, is called in Greekc ®<m, in Latine Vimm : in Englifh Wine, and that not vnproperly. For certaine other msces,as ofapplcs,pomegranates,quinces,peares,medlers,or fcruices, or fuch as arc other- wife made (for example fake) of barlic and graine, be not at all fimply called wines, but with the name of the thing added,whereof they do confift. Hereupon is the wine,which is prefted foorth of the pomegranate berries named Khoites , or wine of pomegranates: out of quinces Cydonites, or wine of quinces: out of pcares oi fpyites, orperric : and that which is compounded of barlieis called Zythumpx barlie wine: in Englifh Ale or Bcerc. N And other certaine wines haue borrowed furnames of the plants that haue beene fteeped, or infufed in them: and yet all wines of the vine,as Wormwood wine,Mirdc wine^HyAopc wine, and thefe are called artificial! wines. O That is properly and fimply called wine which is prefted out of the grapes of the Vine, and is without any rnaner of mixture. P The kinds of wines are not ofone nature, nor of one facultic or power ; but of many differing one from another: for there is one difference rherofin taftc,another in colour; the third is referred to the confidence or fubftancc of the wine ; the fourth confifteth in the vertuc & ftrength thereof. Galen addeth that which is found in the finel, which belongeth to the vertue & ftrength of the wine. Of That may alfb be ioined vnto them which refpedeth the age: for by age wines become hotter and ("harper,& do withal change oftentimes the colour,the fubftancc & the fmehfor fome wines are Iweete of taftc,others auftere or fbmthing harfh,diuers of a rough tafte,or altogither harfh,& moft of them diffident fharpe: there be likewife wines of a middle fort, inclining to one or other qualitie. R Wine is of colour cither white or reddifh, or of a blackifh deepe red, which is called blacker or of fome middie colour betweene thefe. Some HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 731 Some wine is of fubftance akogither thinne: other thicke, fat; and many alfo of a middle con- A ! fiftencc. One wine is of great ftrength ,and another is weake, which is called a waterifh wine ;a full wine B is called in Latine ftnofum. There be alfo among thefe,very many that be of a middle ftrength. There is in all wines be theyneuer fo weake, acertaine winie fubftance thin and hot. f here be G likewife waterie partes, and allb diners earthie. For wine is not Ample,but, as Galen teftifieth in his fourth bookc ofthe faculties of medicines,confifteth of partes that haue diners faculties. Of the fundrie mixture and proportion of thefe fubftancesone with another, there rile diuers D and fundrie faculties of the wine. That is the beft and fulleft wine, in which the hot and winie partes do moft of all abound: and E the vveakeft is that,wherein the waterie haue the preheminence. The earthie fubftance abounding in the mixture, caufcththe winetobeaufterc, orfomethingF harfh, as a crude or rawc fubftance doth make it altogither harfh. The earthie fubftance being feucred falleth downe, and in continuance of timefinketh to the bottome, and becommeth the dregs or Ices of the wine; yet it is not alwaies wholy feucred, but hath both the tafteand other qua¬ lities of this fubftance remaining in the wine. All wines haue their heatc, partly from the proper nature and inwardc or originall heate of the G vine, and partly from the funne. For there is a double heate which ripeneth not onely the grapes, but alfo all other fruits,as Galen teftifieth. The one is proper and natural! to euery thing: the other is borrowed of the funne,which if it beperceiued in any thing,it is vndoubtedly beft andefpecialiy in the ripening ofgrapes. For the heatc which proceedeth from the funne, concoð the grapes and the iuiccof the H grapes, and doth efpecially ripen them, ftirringvpand increafing the inward and natural! heate of the wine, which otherwise is fo ouerwhelmed with abundance of rawe and waterifh partes, as it ieemeth to be dulled, an dal moft without life. For vnlefte wine had in it a proper and originall heate , the grapes could not be fo conco&ed by I tbeforceofthe fun, as that the 1 mete fhould become hot, no lefle then many other things naturally cold y which although they be ripened and made perfect by the heate of the funne,do not for all that loletheir originall nature ,as the fruits,iuices,or feedcsofMandrake,N'ghtfliade,Hemlocke,Pop- pie,and of other fuch like,which though they be made ripe, and brought to full perfe< 5 fion,yet ftill recairfeifheir owne cold qualities' . ' ' >■ Wherefore feeing that wine through the heatc of the funne, is for the moft part brought to his K proper heate,and that the heate and force is not all alike in al regions and places of the earth: ther - fore by reafon of the diuerfitieof regions and places, the wines arc made not a little to differ in facultie. ?H 3 ft * • c The ftrongerand fuller wine groweth in hot countries and places that lie to the fun i the rawer L and wcaker,in cold regions and proiiinces that lie open to the north. The.hotter the fommer is,the ftronger is the wine: the lefle hot or the moifter it is, the lefle ripe M is the wine. Notwithstanding not dnely the manner of the weather and of the funne, maketh the qualities ofthe wine to differ,but the natiue propertie of the foile alfo.For both the taftc and other qualities of the wine s preaccording.to the manner of the foiIc;..And it is very well knowen, that not onely the colour ofthe wine, bufthe tafte alfo dependeth on the dtuerfitie of the grapes. Witness Galen vvrite(h,is hot in the fecond degree, and that which is very old in the thirde: but N new Wine is hot in the Arft degree; which things are efpeciallyi to be vnderftood concerning the meanc betweenethe ftrongeft and'the vveakeft': for the fir He ft: and mightt&ft being but Horna, (that is as I take it of one yecres old ) are for the moft part hotin the fecond degree: the weakeft and themoft watCrffit-Wines although they be old,do ieldome exceed th^ fecond degree. Thedrines is artlvvcrable to the heat in proportion (as Galen faith in his bookeof Simples:) but O mhisbookesof the gouemmentpf health he fileweth 5 that wine doth not otlcly heate , but alfo moiftch our bodios, and that the fame dochmOiften and nourifh fuch bodies as are extreme drie: and both thefe opinions be true. . ' e . . : . n For the faculties ofwiric are fort as ir is a medicine,' and of another as it is a nourifhment, p which Galen'm hiskddkeof the faculties of nourhhmentsdoth plainly fhevv, affirming that thofe qualicics ofthe wiiid,‘which H/pp»fr*t<es writechofin his bdoketsf the manner of diet, be hot as a nourifhment, butt&ihdr as of a medicine. For Wine as it is a medicine doth dr ic, efpecially being 732, THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE outwardly applied ; in which cafe, for that itdothnotnouriftnhc bodieatall, the drinefle doth more plainly appeere,and is more manifcftly pcrceiued. A Wine is a fpcciall good medicine for an vlcer, by rcafon of his hcatc and moderate drying, as Galen teacheth in his fourth bookc of the methode ofhealing. B Hippocrates writeth.that vlccrs what manner of ones fbcuer they arc, rnuft not be moiftned, vn- lefte it be with winc:for that which is dry,as Galen addeth,commcth neercr to that which is whole and the thing that is moift, to that which is not whole. C It is manifeft that wine is in power or faculty dryland not in adbfor wine adtually is moift and If quide,and alfo colde: for the fame caufe it likewife qucncheth thirft, which is an appetite or defire ofcolde and moift, and by this a&uall moyfturc(that wc may fo terme it) it is ifit be inwardly ta¬ ken not a medicine, but a nourifhmcnt;for itnourifhcth,and thorowc his moifture maketh plenty ofbloud, and by incrcafing the nourishment, itmoiftneth the body, vnlefte peraduentureitbe old and very ftrong: for it is made fharpe and biting by long lying, and fuch kindeof wine doth not onelyheate,biit alfoconfume and dry the bodyjfor asmuchasitis not nowe anourifhmcnt 3 but a medicine. D That wine which is nei ther fharpe by long lying nor made mcdicinablc, doth nourifh and moi- ftcn,fcruingas it were to make plenty of nourishment and bloud 3 by reafon that through his adtu- all moifture it more moifteneth by feeding, nourishing and comforting 3 then it is able to dry by his power. E Wine doth refrefh the inward and natural! hcate 3 comfortcth the ftomacke, caufeth it to hauc an appetite to meatc, moouethconco&ion, and conueyeth the nourishment through all parts of the body,increafeth ftrength,inlargeth the body, maketh flegtne thinne,bringech foorth by vrinc cholcricke and watery humours,procureth {wearing,ingendreth pure bloud, maketh the body well coloured,and turneth an ill colour into a better. 1 F It is good for fuch as are in a confumption by reafon of fbme difeafe, and that haue need ro haue their bodies nourished and refrefhed(fo they be notfick of an agewe) (as Galen faith in his feuenth bookeof the methode of curing:) it reftoreth ftrength moft of all other things, and that Spee¬ dily: it maketh a man merry andioiefull: itputteth away feare, care, troublesof minde,andfor- rowe: it inooueth pleafure and luft of the body;and btingeth Sleepe gently. q And thefc things proceedc of the moderate vfc of wine 5 for immoderate drinking of wine doth altogither bring the contrary. They that arc drunkc are dlftraughted in minde,become fooliSh and opprefted with a drowfie ftecpincs,&be afterward taken with the apoplexie,thc gout,or altogither with other moft grecuous diicafes:the brainc,Iiuer.lungs,or fomc other of the cntrailes,being cor¬ rupted with too often and oner much drinking of wine. H Moreoucr, wine is a remedie againft the taking of Hemlocke, or greene Coriander, the iuice of blacke Poppie, Wolfes bane, and Leopards bane,Todeftooles,and other colde poifons, and alfo againft the biting of lerpents,and flings of venemous bcafts, that hurt and kill by cooling. I Wine alfo is a remedie againft the ouerfulnefle and ftrctching out of the fides,windy fwellings, the greene fickneftc, the dropfie, and generally all cold infirmities of the ftomacke, liuer, milt,and alfo of the matrix. K But wine which is of colour and fubftance like water,through Shining, bright,pure, of a thinne fubftance, which is called white, is of all wines the weakeft; and if the fame Should be tempered with water, it would beare very little : andhcrcupon Hippocrates callcthitihiytyo&r, thatis to Say, bearing little water ro delay it withal!. : 'ffi L This troubleth the head, and hurteth the fincweslefle than others do, and is not vnpleafant to the ftomacke: it is eafily and quickly difperfed through all partes of thebodie: it is giuen with far leflc danger than any other wine, to thoSc that hauc the ague ( except fbme inflammation or hoc fwellingbe fufpe&ed) and oftentimes with goodfliccefte to fuch as haue intermitting feuers: for, as Galen in his S.bookeofmethod faith, it heipeth concodion, digefteth humours thatbehalfc rawe,procureth vrine and fweate :and is good for thofc thatcannot fleepe, and that be full of care and fbrrow,and for fuch as are ouerwearied. $,1 Blacke wine, that is to fay, wine of a deepe red colour j is thicke, and hardly difperfed, and doth not eafily pafte through the bladdcnit quickly takethholdof the braine,and maketh a man drunkc, i t is harder of digeftion; it remainethlonger in the body; it eafily ftoppeththe liuer and Spleen.; for the moft part it bmdeth j notwithstanding it noUrifheth more, and is moft fit to engender blood: it > * fillcth . / I*. I VHISTORIE OF PLANTS. 75: filleth the body with flcfli,fooner than others do. That which is of a light crimfbn red colour, is for the mod part more dclightfull to the A ter for the ftomackc.it is fooncr and caficr difperfed, it troubleth the head lcffc, it remaineth no’ fo long vnder the (hort ribs, and eafier defeendeth to the bladder then blacke wine doth ; it doth alio make the belly ccftiue,if fo be that it be ripe.For flicfi crude and rough wines,do oftentimes moieft weake ftomacks,and arc troubJefome to the belly. Reddifh yellow wine feemeth to be in a meane betweenc a thin and thicke fubftance: otherwife B iris of all wines thehotteftfand fuffererh moft wine tobe mixed with it,as Hippocrates writeth. The olde wine of this kinde, being of a thin fubftance and good fmell, is a lingular medicine foi G all thofe that arc much fubied to fwouning: although the caufe thereof proceede of choler that hurteth the mouth of the ftomacke,as Gxlen teftifieth in his 12 booke ofmethod. Sweete wine the Idle hot it is, the Iefte doth it trouble the head, and oftende the minde; and itD better pafteth through the belly, making it oftentimes folublc: but it doth notfo eafily pafte, or defeendby vrine. Aqaine, the thicker it is of fubftance, the harder and (lowlier it pafteth through: it is good for E the lungs, and for thofe that haue the cough. It ripeneth rawe humours thatfticke in the chcft,and cauleth them to be eafilier fpet vp ,but it is not fo good for the liucr,whereunto it bringeth nofmall hurt, when either it is inflamed , or hath in it a hard wennie fubftance, or when it is ftopped.lt is alio an enimie to the fpleene, it fticke th vnder the fhort ribs, and is hurtfull to thofe that are full of choler. For this kinde of wine efpeci ally the thicker it is,is in them very fpeedily turned into choler: and in others when it is well concoded,it incrcafeth plenty of nounfhment. Auftere wine,or that which is fbmewhat roughin tafte, nourifheth not much; and if fo be that F it be thin and white, it is apt to prouoke vrine, it Iefte troubleth the head, it is not quickly digefted, for which caufe it is the more to be fhunned, is Gxlen faith in his 12/bookc ofmethod. That wine which is altogither harftior rough in tafte, the Iefte ripe itis,theneerer it commeth G to the qualities of Veriuice made of fbwre grapes being euidently binding. It ftrengthneth aweake Horn acke; it is good againftthe vnkindely luffing or longing of women with childe; it ftaie-th the laske,but it fticketh in the bowels: it bieedeth Hoppings in the liufcr and milt j itflowly defeendeth by vfine,andfomthing troubleth the head. # i \ - ' > Olde wine : which is<a!fomade fharpe by reafon of age, is not onely troublefome to the braine, butalfohitfteth the finewes: it is an enimie to the intrailes^nd maketh. the body leane. Ncwe wine,and wine of the ftrft yeerc,doth eaftly make the body to fwefand ingendreth wtnde, j it caufeth troublcfbmc dreames, especially that which is not throughlyrefined, or thicke, or very (weete'i forfubh dd fbonefftickcm the entrailes thcn.ofchers do.Other wines that ate in a meane,in Colour,fubftance,tafte or-age b as theydodedine in vertues and goodnefte from the extreames; fb alfotheybe free from their faults and difeomrnodities. They come neere in faculties to thofe ' wines wiiCreunto they be next,either in colour,tafte or fubflance^ondfe in fmeli or in. age. - r ' Wincis'fitteft for thofe that be of nature cold and dry .5 andalfafarold mefa r as Gilc-n fnevyeth in his 5.bdoke of the goiiernment ofhealth: for it heateth all the members 01thei 1 bodies,andpuf- gctlf awafthc wateriepatrt-of tire bloud if there be any* / . w . • ,r-•: ;.>• ;. i.-A The beft wines are thofe-that be of a fa tfubftance:for,thofe both incrCafe blond and notinfb the body,both which commodities it bringeth tooldmen, efpeciallyatfueh timeasTney haue no tva- tery humour in their vaines , and haue neede of much nourifhment. It hapneth that oftentimes there doth abound, in their bodies a. wat^ifh excrement j and then-ftande they jnmoft neede of all of fuch wines asdoprouoVeVrine. 1 , * As wine is beft for old men^fo is it vtborft for children: by rcafbn that being drunkest both moi- M fteneth and dneth ouermuch,and alto fillech the head with vapours, in thofe who are of a moift Sc hot? ootnpiex io n,orwhofe bo d i c s are-in ameane betweene the exrremCs^ whom &xlc.n in his b$ok &f the gonernmenc of health, doth perfwade, that they fhoulde notfo much as tttfterofswine [tor a vtry long time: for neitheri^ irgood for them to haue their headsfilled, nor to Be made moift and hot,more then is fufficienr^bicaufc they arc already offtich a heat and moifturc, as if you fhould but little increafe citltfcjiiiiiaktics,they would foorthwith fall into theextreme. >. , And feeing that euery cXcefteis to be fhunncd,it is expedient moftofall to fhuathis, by which N cor ohdyx^tcbbdy^but^Ubrthc minde rcceiueth hurt. Wherefore wemuftthinke, that wine is neither fit for men that be already full of age, vnleficQ it 734 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it be moderately taken, bicaufe it caricth them headlong into fury and Iuft 5 and troublcth and duL leth the rcafonable part of the mindc. ' ■ ■ SSft. i Of the delaying,or tempering of Wine. A Ic was an auncicnt cuftome, and of long continuance in olde time, for wines to bee mixed with water , as it is plainc and euident not onely by Hippocrates , but alfo by other oldc mens writings. Wine firftbeganne to be mixed with water for health and wholcfomncfle fake: for, as Hippocrates writeth in his booke of auncicnt Phificke, being fimplic and of it felfc much drunkest maketh a man in fome fort weakc and feeblc,which thing Cte/Wlccmcth alfo to allowc of, writing thus: ^ ' Ft Venus entrust vires y Jiccopia vini y Et tentatgreJfits,Ae bilitatcyue pedes . Immoderate vie of Bacchus iuicc and Ventts Arte Weakncth mans ftrength,and makes his footc afidc to ftarte. B Moreouer,wine is the fweeter,hauing water powred into it, as Athenatu faith. Homer Iikcwife commendcth that wine which is well and fitly alaied. Bhilochorus writeth(as Athenam reporteth) that Amphiclyon king of Athens was the fiiftthat alaied wine,as hailing learned the lame of Die - nyjim : wherefore he faith,that thole,who in that manerdranke it,remained in health, that before had their bodies feebied and ouerweakened with pure and vnmixed wine. C The manner of mingling or tempering of wine was diuers: for fometimes to one part of wine, there were added two, and fometimes three or fowerof waterj or to two parts of wine, three of water: of a lcfle delaic was that,which confifted of cquall parts of wine and water. D The olde Comedie writers did thinkc that this leflcr mixture was fufficient to make men mad, among whom was , whofe words be extan t i n At he nans. E Hippocrates in the y.Booke of his Aphorifines faith, that this manner of tempering of wine and water by cquall parts,bringeth as it were a light pleafant drunkenneffe, and that it is a kinde of re* medte againft difquiecnes,yawnings,and fhiueringsj and this mingling bclongcth to the ftrongeft wines. £ Such kinde ofwincs they might be which in times paft the Scythians were reported of the olde writers to drinkc, who for this caufe do call vnmixed wine the Scythians drinkc. And they that drinkc fimplc wine fay,that they will Scythizarc , or do as the Scythians do: as we may read in the I o.Booke of Athcnaus. G The Scythians as Hippocrates and diuers other of the olde writers affirmc, be people of Ger- manie beyonde the floud Danubius, which is alfo called Iftcr: Rhenc is a riuer of Scythia : and C/rofhauingpafied ouer Ifter is reported to haue come into the borders of the Scythians. H And in this our age all the people of Germanie do drinke vnmixed wine, which growethin their ownecountrey, and like wife other people of the north parts, who make no fcruplcat all to drinke of the ftrongeft wines without any mixture; Of the liquor which is deflilled out of the Wine, commonly .... called Water of life. I There is drawnc out of Wine a liquor, which the Latincs commonly ca \hiqua vita , or wa¬ ter of life, and alfo stqua ardens, or burning water, which as diftillcd waters aredrawne out of herbes and other things,is after the fame manner diftillcd out of ftrong wine, that is to fay, by cer* tainc inftruments made for this purpofe, which are commonly called Lembickes. K This kinde of liquor is in colour and fubftaunce like vnto waters diftillcd out of herbes, and alfo relembieth deere fimple water in colour, but in facultic itfarre differeth. L It bcarcth the fur name of life, bicaufc that it feructh to preferue and prolong the life of ' man. itr'/i It HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. It is called Ardens, burning,for that it is cafily turned into a burning flame: fc: feeing i? :si any other thing then the thinneft andftrongeft part of the wine, it being put to the flame of fiu e, is quicklie burned. This liquor is very hot,and of moftfubtill and thinne parts; hot anddrye in the later ende of A the thirde degree, eipccially the pureft fpirits thereof; for the purer it is,the hotter it is 3 the diycr, and of thinner parts: which is madfe more pure by often deftilling. This water diftilled out of wine, is good for all thofe that are made cold either by a long difeafe, B or through age, as for olde and impotent men: for it cherifheth and inercafeth naturall heate ; . vpholdeth ftrength,repaireth and augmenteth the fame: it prolong^fch life 3 quickneth all the fen- fes,and doth not oncly preferue the memorie,but alfo rccouercth it when it is loft: it fharpneth the fight. Itis fit for thofe that arc taken with the Catalepfie,(which is a difeafe inthebraine, proceeding Q of drines and colde) and are fubied to dead fleepes 3 if there be no agewe ioined; it ferueth for the weakenes, trembling,and beating of the hart; it ftrengthencth and hcateth a feeble ftomacke; it confumeth winde both in the ftomacke, fides, and bowels; it maketh good concodion of meate , andisafingulariemedieagainftcoldepoifons. Ithathfuch force and power in ftrengthning ofthehart, and ftirring vp the inftruments of the D fenfes, that it is moft effeduall, not onely inwardly taken to the quantitie of a little fpooncfull, but alfo outwardly applied: that is to fay/ct to the nofthrils, or Iaide vpon the temples of the head, & to the wrefts of the armes; and alfo ro foment or bathe fundry hurts and griefes. Being held in the mouth it helpeth the toothach: it is alfo good againft colde cramps and con- E uuIfions,beingchafed and rubbed therewith. Soinearebold to giue it in quartaines before the fit, efpecially after the height or prime of the F difeafe. / ■ ■ This water is to be giuen in wine with great iudgement and diferetion, for feeing it is extreme G hot,and of moft fubtill parts 3 and nothing elfe but the very fpirite of the wine, it moft fpeedily pear- cet’n thorough, and doth eafily aftault and hurt the braine. Therefore it may be giuen to fuch as haue the apoplexie, and falling fickncfie, the megrim, the H headach of long continuance, the Vertigo or giddineffe proceedingthrough a colde caufe,yetcan it not be alwaies fafely giuen: for vnlefte the cffc&uail matter of the difeafe be finall, and the ficke man of temperature very colde, itcannot be mimftred without danger: forby reafon thatitfpre- deth and difperfeth the humours, it filleth or ftuffeth the hcade, and maketh the ficke man worfe: but and if the humours be hot ,as blond is 5 it doth not a little increafe inflammations alfo. This water is hurtfull to all that be of nature and complexion hot, and moft of all to cholerick.e I men: itis alfo offenfiue to the iiuer 3 and likewife vnprofitable for the kidneies,being often and plen¬ tifully taken. If I fliculd take in hande to write of cuery mixture, of each infufion, of the fundry colours,‘and euery other circumftance that the vulgar people do giue vnto this water, and their diucrsvfe, I fhoiild fpende much time but to final! purpofe. «•- i ■ f f ( i 1 , I J . - . *J i i, trf » 4 J. 3 1 J J i. .1, * ■ * Of Argali, tartar ? or wine Lees. The Lees of wine which is become hard like a cruft, and fticketh to the fides of the vcftels, and wine casks,being dry, hard,found and well comparand which may be beaten into powder, is cal¬ led in fhops Tart arum in'Englifh Argali,and Tartar. d hefe Lees is vfedfor many things; the filuer Smiths polifh their filuer hccrewith : the Diers K vfc it: and it is profitable in medicine. It doth greatly dry and wafte away,as Taulta kytEgineta. faith: it hath withall a binding facultie, L proceeding from the kinde of wine,of which it commeth. The fame ferueth for moiftdifeafesofthe body; itis good for them that haue the greene fick-M nes and the dropfie,efpecially that kinde which lieth in the flefh,called in Latine Lcucophlegmatica: being taken cuery day faffing halfe a penny waight or a full penny waight(which is a dram and nine graines after the Romaines computation) doth not onely dry vp the waterifh excrements, and voi- deththetn by vrine,butit preuaileth much to elenfethe belly by fiege. It would workc more effedually,ifit were mixed either with hot fpices,or with other things that N breaks 736 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE brcake winde,or elfe with diuretickes,which arc medicines that prouoke vrincj likewife to be mixed with gentle purgers, as the fickemans cafe (hall require. A The fame of it felfe,or tempered with oilc of Myrtles,is a rcmedic againft foft fwellings,as Eiof- cortdestcacheth: it ftaicth the laske,and vomiting, being applied outwardly vpon the region of the ftomacke,in a pultis 5 andifitbelaidetothcbottome.of the belly and fecret parts, itftoppcth the whites,waftcth away hot fwellings of the kernels in the fiankes and other places, which be not yet exulceratcd: it affwage th great brefts,and drieth vp the milke,if it be annointed on with vincgcr. B This Lees is oftentimes burnt: ifitbecome all white it isafigneof right and perfed burning, for till then it muft be burned: being fo burnt,the Grarcians terme it whuv, as ^AEgineta faith: the Apothecaries call it T art arum and Tart nr urn calcimtum ; that is to fay, burnt or calcined Tartar. C It hath a very great caufticke or burning qualitie: it clenfeth and throughly heateth, bindeth, eateth,and very much drieth as Diofcorides doth write: being mixed with Rofin, it maketh rough andillnailes to fall away: Paultu faith, that it is mixed with caufticks or burning medicines to in- creafe their burning quality : itmuftbevfedwhilcftitisncwe made, bicaufe it quickly vanifheth: for the Lees of wine burned,doth fbon relent,or waxe moift,&isfpecdily refolued into liquorrther- fore he that would vfe it drie,muft haue it put in a glaffe,or glafled veftell well flopped, and fet in a hot and dry place. Itmelteth andis turned into liquor if it be hanged in a Jinnen bagge in fome place in a celler vnder the ground. D The Apothecaries call this liquor that droppeth away from it, oile of Tartar. It rctaineth a cau- fticke and burning quality ,and alfo a very dry facultic :it very foone taketh away lepric, fcabs, tet- ters,and other filth and deformitie of the skin and face: with an equal! quantity of Rofe water ad¬ ded,and as much Cerufe as is fuflicient for a liniment, wherewith the blemifhedorfpotted parts muft be annointed ouer night. The briefe lumme of that hath been {aid of Wine. E The iuice of the greene leaues,branches,and tendrels of the Vine drunken,is good for thofc that vomitc or fpit bloud, for the bloudie flixe,and for women with childe that vomite ouermuch. The kcrnell within the grapes boiled in water and drunke,hath the fame effed. F Wine moderately drunke profiteth much, and maketh good digeftion, but it hurteth and di- ftempercth them that drinke it feldomc. G White wine is good to be drunke before meate,preferueth the body, and pearceth quickly into the biadder:but vpon a fullftomack it rather maketh oppilations or ftoppings,bicaufeitdoth fwife- ly driue downe meate,before nature hath of hirfelfc digefted it. H Claret wine doth greatly nourifh and warmc the body, and is wholfome with meate, efpecially vnto fiegmatike people: but very vnwholfome for yoong children,as GaIoi faith,bicaufeit heateth aboue nature,and hurteth the head. I Red wine ftoppeth the belly ,corrupteth the bloud,breedeth the ftone,is hurtfull to olde people, and good or profitable to fewe,fauc to fuch as arc troubled with the laskc,bloudy fiixe,or any other loofenelle of the body. K Seckeor Spanifh wine hath been vfed of a long time to be drunke after meate, to caufc the meate the better to digeft: but common experience hath founde it to be more bencficiall to the ftomacke,to be drunke before meate. L Likewife Malmefie, Mufcadell, Baftard,and fuch like fwccte wines haue been vfed before meat, to comfort the colde and weake ftomackc, efpecially being taken falling j but experience tcach- eth,that Secke drunke in fteede thereof,is much better,and warmeth more cffe&ually. Almighty God for the comfort of mankind ordeined wine; but decreed thcrwith,that it fhoulde be moderately taken,for fo it is holfome and comfortablejbutwhen meafureis turned into excefte, it becommeth vnwholfome and apoifon moft venemous, relaxing the finewes, bringing with it the palfie and falling ficknes: to the aged it bringeth hot feuers, frenfie, andlecherie, confumeth the liuer and other of the inward parts:befides, how little credence is to be giuen to drunkards it is cuident, for though they be mighty men, vet it maketh them monfters, and woorfc then brute beafts.Finally in a word to conclude: this excefiiue drinking ofwine difhonorethnoblemen, beg- gerech the poore, and more haue beene deftroied by furfeiting therewith,thcn y/ith cruell batted. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Of Hops. Cbab.yo, H: Thekmdes. T Hcrc be two forts of Hops: one the manured, or the garden Hop 5 the other wi!de,or of the hedge. I Luptts faliftariue. Hops. 2 Lupulut [ylucttris, Wilde Hops. # The defectiption. 1 'nr*'* He Hop doth Iiue and flourifh by imbracing and taking holde of poles , pearches, and | other things,vpon which it climeth. It bringeth foorth very long (Hikes,rough and hai- rie; alfo rugged Ieaues, broad, hkethofe of the Vine,or rather of Bryonie, but yet blac¬ ker, and wijh fewer dented diuifions. The flowers hang downe by chillers from the tops of the branches puffed vp , fetasitwere withfeales like little canes, or fealed Pine apples, of a whitifh colour tending to yellowndfe, ftrong of fmell. Thcrootcs are (lender and diuerfly folded one within another, v 2 The wilde Hop differeth notfrom the manured Hop in forme or fafhion, bur is altogither Icf- fer, as well in the cluftcrs of flowers, as alfo in the franke fhootes, and doth not bring foorth fuch ftore of flowers,wherein elpecially confifteth the difference. it The place. The Hop ioyeth in a fat and fruitfull ground: itprofpereth the better by manuring: alfo it gro- weth among briers and thornes,aboutthe borders offlelds^eaking of the wiide kinde. it The time. The flowers of Hops are gathered in Auguft and September, and referued to be vied in beere .* A aa 1 in 7 s 3 the second booke of the in the fpring time come foorth new fhootes or buds. In the winter onely the rootes remaine aliue. > ij - $e Then Ames, It is called in (hops ,and in all other places Lupultu : of fome Lupus[aliftarius, or Lupultts fahttA- rites: in high Dutch |)£pfTen: in low Dutch poppet in Spanifh Hombrezillos: in French Houblon in£nglifh Hops. T'unie maketh mention of Hops in his 21 .bookc,i 5.chapter among the prickley plants. "kThe tempcrAturc. The flowers of the Flop are hot and drie in the fecond degree; they fill and duffe the head, and hurt the fame with their drongfmeih Of the fame temperature alfo arc the lcauesthcmfelues, which do likewife open and elenfe. # The vertuts. A The buds or firft fprouts,which come foorth in the fpring are vied to be eaten in fallads: yet arc they as Pliny faith, more toothfomc then nourifhing, for theyyceld but very fmall nonrilhment: notwithftanding they be good for the cntrailesjboth in opening and procuring of vrine, and like- wife in keeping the body foluble. B The lcaues and little tender ftalks, and alfo the flowers themfelues,rcmooue (toppings out of the liuer and fpleene: purge by vrine,elenfe the bIoud,’and be profitable againft longlingering agues, fcabs,and fuch like filth of the skin,if they be boiled in Whaie. C The iuicc is of more force,and doth not onely remoouc obdru&ions out of the entrailes,but it is alfo thought to auoidecholer and flegmeby thedoolc. It is written that the fame dropped into the eares taketh away the flench and corruption thereof. D The flowers arc vied to feafonBecre or Ale with, and ouermany docaufebittcmes thereof, and arc ill for the head. E The flowers make bread light,and the Iumpe to be fooncr and eafilier leuened, if the mealc be tempered with liquor,wherein they haue bcene boiled. F The decodion of Flops drunke,openeth the (loppings oftheliuer,the fpleene,and kidneies, and purgeth the bloud from all corrupt humours,caufing the fame to come foorth with the vrine. G The iuice of Hops openeth the belly ,and driueth foorth yellow cholcricke humours, and purg¬ eth the bloud from all filthines. ^ . H The manifold vertues in Hops do manifeflly argue the holfomneffc of Becre aboue Ale; for the Hops rather make it a Phificall drinke tokcepcthe body in health, then an ordinaric drinkefor the quenching of our third. Ofthe Traueilors ioy. Chap .511. ft Thedefcription. 1 **Tr"* He plan c which L’Obelius fetteth foorth vnder the title of Fiorna , Dodonxus maketh Fit it J alba 3 but not properly,whofe long woody and Vinie branches, extende themfelues verie farre,and into infinite numbers, decking with'his clafping tendrels and white darrelike flowers (being very fweete) all the bufhes, hedges, and fhrubbes that arc neere vnto it. It fendeth foorth many braunched Aalkes, thickc, tough, full of fhootes and clafping tendicls, wherewith it foldeth it felfe vpon the hedges, and taketh holde and climeth vpon fuch things as dande neere vnto it. The leaties arc fadned for the mod part by dues vpon one rib or flemme,two on either fide, and one in the midfl or point danding alone, which Ieaues are broade like thofeofluie, butnot cornered at all,among which come foorth cludersofwhite flowers, and after them great tufts of flatfeedes, each fcede hauing a fine white plume like a fether fadned to it, which maketh in the winter a goodly fhewe,coucrmg the hedges white all ouer with hisfetherlike tops.The root is long, tough and thicke, with many drings fadned thereto. 2 Clufm hath fet foorth a kinde of clematis 3 czWxnghclematis B<eticA, hauing a marueilous long fmall branch fulfof ioints,with many leaucs indented about the edges,like thofe of Goofefoote,but differ and broader,comming from euery ioint,from whence alfo proceede fmall clafping tendrels, as alfo the (mail footedalks whereon the feeds do dand, growing in great tufted plumes or fetbers, like H HisTOKUcECOF PLANTS. II 73P like vnto the precedent,which is a kinde heercof. The flowers are not expreiled in the figure, nor fecne by the author-,and therefore what jhath beene laid fhall fuffice. '.w* t . C A si <J ' ~ I .° ^ 2 Clematis Fktica. The tra'ueilers Ioie. # ThetraueilctsIoieofCar.die. & The place. T T B The Traucilers Ioie is foundin the borders of fieldes among thornes aftd briers, almofl in euery hedge,as you go from Grauefend to Canterbury in Kent; in many places of Eflcx, and m moft of thele Southerly parts about London, but not in the North of England that I can heare on Thefccond is a ftrangcr in thefe parts,yet haue I found it in the He of Wight, and in a wood by Waltham abbey. •dcThe time. The flowers come foorth in Iulie: thebeautic thereof appeereth iivNouember and December. *kThe names. The firfl is called commonly Viorna quafivtas omans , of decking and adorning waies and hed- ges,where people traueil,and thereupon 1 haue named it the Traueilers Ioie; of Fuchfim it is called Vitis nigra: of Dodonaus Vit alb a: of Mathiolus Clematis alter a: of CordmVttis alba : of Drofcorzdes Vitis Jyluejlris : of 7heophrajlus <_Atragene •• i n Dutch lUKCU X in French as Ruelhus writeth Viorne . The temperature and vertues. Thefe plants haue no vfe in Phificke as yet found out,but are efteemed onely for pleafure,by rea- fonofthe goodly fhadpwe which they make with their thicke bufhing and clyming,as alio for the beautie of the flowers,and the pleafant fent or fauour of the fame. Jaa % Of 740 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Ladies < Bower 1 or Virgins Tiowr. Qkaffti. - I I Clematis peregrin a C<trulea. 3 Clematis peregrin* rubra*-* Blewe Ladies Bower. Red Ladies Bower. % The description* l ►t - * Hat which UObel defcribeth by the name clematis per e^rina, hath very long and (lender 1 italkes like the Vine,which arc iointed,of a darke colour; it climeth aloft and taketh holde jwith his crookedclafpersvpon euery thing that ftandeth neere vnto it: it hath manie leaues diuided into diuers parts, among which come the flowers that hang vpon ilender foote- ftalks/omething like to thofe ol Peruinckle,confiding onely of fower leaues, of a blew colour ,and lometimes purple,with certaine threds in the middle: the feedes be flat., plaine 3 and fharpe poin- ted.The rootes are flender,and fpreading all about. a Thefeconddiffereth not from theother 3 inleaues 3 ftalkes,branchesnorfeede. The onely diffe¬ rence confifteth in that 3 that this plant bringeth foorrh red flowers 3 and the other blewe. * The place. Thefe plants delight to growe in funnie places: they profper better in a fruitfull foile then a bar- ren.They grow in my garden where they flourish exceedingly. The time. They flower in Iuly 3 and perfect their leede in September. / it The names. Ladies Bower is called in Greeke : in Latine Ambuxum : in Englifh you may call it Ladies Bowcr 3 which I take from his aptnes in making of Arbors, Bowers, and fhadie couertures in Gar¬ dens. # The temperature andvertues. The faculties and the vfe of thefe inPhifickc is notyetknowne, °f historie of plants. I Ofpurging Peruinkle. Qbap . 313 . 74* X cle**Atiivrens. Virgins Bower. 2 FUmmttla Iouisfttrrcfi*. Vpright Virgins Bower. # The deferrptlon. 1 A Mong thofe plants which arc called Clemttidcs, thefe are alfo to be numbred, as harn'ng a aA certaine affinitie, bicaufeof the fpreading, branching and femblancc of the Vine, and is A called FUmmuU vrens, by reafbn of his firic and burning heatc, bicaufe that being Hide vpon the skin,it burncth the place,& maketh an efehare, euen as our common cauftick or corrofiue medicines do. The lcaues hereof anfwere both in colour and fmoothnefTc,^//?^ Peruincs , or Per- uinklc, growing vpon long clambiing tender branches, like the other kindesof climing plants. The flowers are very white,ftar fafhion, and of an exceeding fwcete fmell, much like vnto the fuel I of Hawthorne flowers, but more pleafant, and leffe offenfiue to the head; hailing in the middle of the flowers ccrtaincfmallchiues or threds. The roote is tender, anddifperfeth it fclfefarre vndcr the ground. 2 Vpright Clamberer or Virgins Bower, is alfo a kinde of £/<?:»/?/«, hailing long tough rootes, notvnhkctothofeofLicorife; from which rifeth vp a ftraightvpright ftalke, oftheheightof fixe or feuen cubits, fet about with winged leaues, compofcd of diners lirnall leaucs , fet vpon a middle rib,as are thofe of the Afhe tree, or Valerian, but fewer in number : at the top of theflalkes come foorth finall white flowers,very like the precedcnt,but not of fo pleafant a fweete fmell 5 after which come the feedes flat and fharpe pointed. 3 There is another ClcmAtif, of the kinde of the whit® Clematis or burning Clemutii^ whichlhaue recouered fioin feedc,that hath bcene lent me frd^t a curious and learned citizen of Argentine now called Strawsborough , which is like vnto the others in each refpedt, failing that, that the flowers hccreof are very double,wherein confiftcth the efpeciall difference, 3 ■ V 3 ClematU 4 Clematis F&tmonicd, Bufh Bower. BO ORE OF THE y? 1 he dejet tption. 4 Amongftthe kindesof diming or clam¬ bering plant s-jCarolus Clu/issf, and likewife L'O * belittt bane ntimbred thefe two, which ap- proch nccre vnto them in leaues and flowers* but far different in clafping tcndrels, or cli¬ ming otherwife, being lowc and bafe plants m refped of the others of their kinde. The firft hath for his rootes a bundle of tough tangling threds, in number infinite* and thicke thruft togither; from which rife vppe manic fma.II flalkes,of a brownifh eolour/ower fquarc,and of a woodiefubflancc : whereupon do growe long leaues, of a biting tafle, fet togither by couples, in fhape like thofe of ^Ajcltp/u, or Silken Swallow woort. The flowers growe at the top of the flalks, of a faire blew or skic co¬ lour ,confi fling of fower partes in manner of a crofle, hauing in the middle a bunched poin- tcll, like the head of fieldc Poppic when it is yoong,of a whitifti yellow colour,hauing little or no fmell at all. The flpwcrs being pafl,then commeth the feede, fuchas is to be fcencin the other kindes o £ Clematis. The whole plant dicth at die approch of winter.and rccoucreth it felfe againc from the rootc,which endurcthj whereby it greatly incrcafcth. 5 Clematis mat or Tannoniut. Great Bufh Bovver. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ 5 The great Buffi Bower difercth not from the former Jaft deferibed, but in greattlcfe: wr,,,,u name of grcatnefle fecteth foorth the difference. itTheplaee. Thefe plants do not growe wilde in England, thatlcanasyct Iearnes notwithflanding I iiatie them all in my gardcn,where they flotirifh exceedingly. is The time. Thefe plants do flowerfrom Auguft to the end of September. it The names. There is not much more founde of their names than is expreffed in their feuerall titles, nojt- withftanding there hath beene fame what faid, as I thinke, by htare fay, but nothing of certainties wherefore let that which isfetdownefnffice. We may in Englifh call thefirft, Biting Clematis, or white Clematis,biting Peruinkle,or purging Peruinkle ; and Ladies Bo wer.and Virgins Bower. it The temperature. The leafe hereof is biting,and doth mightily blitter, being as Galen faith,of a cauflicke or burning qualitie: it is hot in the beginning of the fourth degree. it The vertues. Dtofcorides writeth, that the leaues being applied doe healethe feurfe andlcpric, and that the A feedc beaten and tire powder drunke with fane water or with Meade, purgeth flegme and choler by the floole. OfJVoodbinde^or Hcriifuckle. Chap.yq.. is The kini.es. '"P Here be diners fortes of Wocdbindes, all of them fhrubs with winding ftalkes, and that wrap * themfeluesvnrofuchthingsasareneereaboutthem. Likewife there be other fortes or kindes thcreof,found out by the later herbarifts,that clime not at all, but ftand vpright, the which fhall bd fee foorth among the fhrubbie plants. And firft of the common Woodbinde. i Periclymenum. 2 Periclymenum perfoliatum. Woodbinde or Honifuckles. ■■ ' Italian Woodbinde. 744 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE , ft The defeription. 1 T 7 Oodbinde or Honifuckle cliroeth vp aloft, hauing long (lender woodie ftalkes, parted V/ Y/ into diners branches: about which dand by certaine diftances fmooth leaues,fet togi- therby couples one right againd another , of a light greene colour aboue, vnder- neath of a whitifh greene. The flowers fhew themfelues in the tops of the branches many in num¬ ber ,long,white,fweete offmell,hollow within ; in one part (landing more out, with certaine threds growing out of the middle.The fruite is like to little bunches ofgrapes,red when they be ripe,wher- in is conteined fmall hard feede.The roote is woodie, and not without firings. 2 This flrange kinde of Woodbinde hath leaues,flalks and rootes like vnto the common Wood- binde or Honifuckle, failing thatneere vnto the place where the flowers come foorth, the flalkes do growe thorough the leaues,like vnto the herbe Thorow waxe, called ?erfoliata, which leaues do refemble little fawcers: out of which broad round leaues proceedefaire, beautifull, and well fmel- ling flowers. Chining with a whitifh purple colour,& fbm what dafht with yellow,by little and little flretched out like the nofe of an Elephant, garnifhed within with fmall yellow chiues or threds: and when the flowers are in their flourifhing, the leaues and flowers do refemble fawcers filled with the flowers of Woodbinde ; many times it falle th out,that there is to be found three or fower fawcers one aboue another, filled with flowers as the fird, which hath caufed it to be called double Honifuckle,or Woodbinde. ft The place. The Woodbinde groweth in woods and hedges,and vpon fhrubs and bufhes,oftentimcs wind¬ ing it felfe fo flreight and hard about,that it leaueth his print vpon thofe things fo wrapped. The double Honifuckle groweth now in my garden,and many others likewife in great plenty ,al- though not long fince,very rare and hard to be found, except in the garden offome diligent Her- barifl. ft The time. The leaues come foorth betimes inthefpring: the flowers budde foorth in Maie and Iunc: the fruite is ripe in Autumne. ft 1 he names. It is called in Greeke mexy.xv'^vov: in Latinc Volucrum mains, of Scrihonius Largus, Syluamater : in ("hops Capri folium , and Matrifeylm , of fome Lilium inter feinas: in Italian Vimfbofeo : in high Dutch 0 CP 0 b!atJ£t in low Dutch ®f)eptCtttlIatlt:>and ffamUieftettS Cttut; in French cheurefuc - ille : in Spanifh Madrefelua :in Englifh Woodbinde, Honifuckle,and Caprifoly. ft The temperature. There hath an errour in times pafl growen amongfl a fewe,and now alraofl pall recouerie to be called againe,being growen an errour vniuerfall,which errour is, how the deco&ion of the leaues ofHonifucklesjOrtbediflilJed water of the flowers, arerafhlygiuenforthe inflammations of the mouth and throte, as though they were binding and cooling. But contrariwife Honifuckle is nei¬ ther colde nor binding; but hot and attenuating or making thinne. Foras Galen faith, both the fruit of Woodbinde,and alfo the Jeaues,do fomuch attenuate and heate, as iffomewhat too much of them be drunke ? they will caufe the vrine to be as red as bloud, yet do they at the firft onely pro- uoke vrine. ftThevertues. A Diofecorides writeth that the ripe feedc gathered and dried inthefhadowe, and drunketothe c[iiantitie of one dram waight,fortie daies togither,doth wafle and confume away the hardnefle of the fpleeo,remooueth ivearifomnefle,helpeth the fhortnes and difficultie of breathing, cureth the bicker,procureth bloudy vrine after the fixt day,and caufeth women to haue fpeedy trauel in childe bearing. B The leaues be of the fame force: which being drunke thirty daies togither, are reported to make men barren,and deflroieth their naturall feede. C The flowers fleeped in oile and fet in the funne, is good to annoint the bodie that is benummed, and growen very colde. D The diddled water of the flowers are giuen to be drunke with good fuccefle againd the piffing of bloud. E A fyrupc made of the flowers is good to be drunk againd the difeafes of the lungs & fpleenc that " . is 745 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. is flopped, being drunke with a little wine. Notwithftandipg the words of Galen, it is certainly found by experience, thdt the water of Ho- F nifuckles is good againft the forenelfe in the throte and VuuJa *. and with the fame leaues boiled, or the leaues and flowers diftilled,are made diuers good medicines againfl cankers, and fore mouths, as well in children as elder people, and likewile for vicerations and fealdingsinthepriuie parts of man or woman: if there be added to the deco&ion hcerof fome hony and allome or Verdigreace: if the fore require greater clenfing outwardly, prouided alwaies that there be no Verdigreace put into that water that muft be iniededinto the fecret parts. Offaftmine^or (jelfemine . Chap 15. he kindes. T Here be found at this day fower forts of Ialmine, differing as well in colour of the flowers, as in greatnes ofthefame,as (hall be declared in their feuerall deferiptions; I Iafminum album. White Gcffemine. 2 Iafninum Candiflcrwmmaitis. Great white Geflemine. •I: The defeription. I T Almine,or Gelfemine,is of the number of thole plants, which hauc neede to be fupported or I propped vp,and yetnotwithftanding ofit fclfeclalpeth not,or windeth his (talks about fuch things as (land neer vnto it,but only leaneth and lieth vpon thole things,that arc prepared to fuftaine it about arbors and banqueting houfes in gardens,by which it is held vp. The ftalks therof are long,round,branched,iointed or kneed,and of a greene colour, hauing within a white fpungc* ous pith.The leaues ftande vpon a middle rib,fet togicher bv couples like thofe of the afh tree, but fmaller,ofa deepe greene colour. The flowers growe at the vppermoft part of the branches, flan- ding in a fmall tuft,farre fet one from another,fvveete in line 11 ,of colour white. The leede is flat and broade like thofe of Lupines,which feldome come to ripenes.The roote is tough and threddic, JdOhclim 74<* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 L'Obeliut reportcth that he fawc in a garden at Bruxels, belonging to a reuerend pcrfon called matter John Bo/fot, a kinde of Gelfemine, very much differing from our common Iafmine, which he rsourifhed in an earthen pot: it grew not aboue(faith he)to the height ofa cubit,diuided into diners branches, whereupon did groweleaties likethofeof the common white Iafmine, but blacker and rounder. The flowers to the fhew were moft beautifull, in Chape like thole of the common Iafmine; but fower tunes bigger,gaping wide opcn,white on the out ttde 3 and of a bright red on the infide. 3 h (minim luteum, Vellowe Iafmine. 4 lafminum Caruleum, Blew Ialinine. ft The defer ipt/cn. 3 There is a kinde heereof with yel’ow flowers: but foinc do deferibe for the yellowe Iafmine,the ftirubbie Trefoile,called of lome Trfol umfiuticans\2wd ofothers Polemonium: but this yellowe Iafmine is one.and that is another plant,differing from the kinds of Ialinine,as fhall be declared in hispropcrplace. The yellow Ialinine differeth not from the common white Geimine, in leaues, fta!kes,nor falhion of the flowcrsjthe onely difference is,that this plant bringeth foorth yellow flo¬ wers,and • he other white. 4 There is hkewife another fort that differeth not from the former in any refpedf, but in the co¬ lour of the flower •> for this plant hath flowers of a blewe colour,and the others not fo,wherein con- fitteth the difference. ft The place. Gelfemine is fettered in gardens,and is vfed for arbors, and tocoucrbanquettinghoufes in gar¬ dens : it groweth not wilde in England that I can vnderftande of, though matter Lyte be of ano¬ ther opinion: the white Iafmine is common in moft places of Englande: the reft are ftangers and not feene in thefe parts as yet. ft The time. They bring foorth their pleattmt flowers in Inly and Auguft. ft The names* Among the Arabians, Serap/o was the firtt that named GelTcminc, Zambuch ; it is called I a for - 747 HISTORIH OF PLANTS. mtm and hfwinum ] m<\ alfo Gtjfcmifwm : la Englifh Iafmine,GcfTeminc,and Tefle. ThcreisinZ>/^r/irracompQfitionof\nicofIafrnine, which he faithismadeinPerfiaof the white flowers of Violets,which Violets/eeme to be none other then the flowers of this Gdlemine: for Drofcortdes oftentimes hath taken one plant for another; fo that it nulft notfeeme ftrange that . lie calleth the flowers of Gcflemine Violets, efpccially feeing that the plant it felfc was vnknowne vnto him,as it is cuident. # The temperature. Gcffen>inc,and efpccially the flowers thereof be hot in the beginning of the fecond degree, as Serapte reporteth out of Mefue. ft The vertues. The oyle which is made of the flowers hecrof,waflcth away rawe humours, and is good againft A colde iheumes,but in thofe that are of an hot conftitution,it caufeth headach, and the ouermuch fmell thereof inakertuhe nofe to blecdc,as the fame author affirmeth. It is vfed(as Dio(condcs wri- tcth,and after him K^fctim) of the Perflans in their banquets for plcafure fake: iris good to be an- nointedon after baths,in thofe bodies thathaucncedc tobefuppIcdandwarined,butby realon of the ranknes of the fmell,it is not much vied. The leaucs boiled in wine vn till they be (oft and made vpto the forme of a pultis, andapplied, B iliffolueth cold fwellings,wens,hard lumps,and fiich like outgoings. OfTcruinf^e. Chap.^16. ft The hindes. T Hcre be diuers fortes or kindcs of Peruinklc, whereoffomc be greater, others leficr, ibme with white flowcrs.otherspurple and double,and fome ofafaire blew skic colour. I Vinca Ter nine*. Peruinklc. P ft The deferrPttcn. Eruinkle hath (lender and long branches trailing vpon the ground, taking hold here and there as it runneth, final! like to rufhes, with naked or bare (paces betweene ioint and ioinr. Theleaues arcfmoothe,not vnlike to theBayleafe but leficr. The flowers growc hardeby theleaues, fpreading wide open, compofedof flue fmall blew leaues. We naue in our London gardens a kinde hereof bearing white flowers , which makethit to -differ from the former. There is another with purple flowers, doubling it felfc fomewhat in the middle, with ffnailer leaues, wherein is the difference. There is another fort, greater than any of the reft, which is called of fome ClematU Daphne/des , of the fimilitude the leaues haue with thofe of the Bay. The leaues and flowers are like vnto the pre¬ cedent, but altogithcr greater 5 wherein confifteth the difference. ft The place. ' They growe in mo ft of our London gardens $ they louc a rnoift and fhadowie place: the branches rcmainc alwaics grecne. ft The time. The flowers of them do flourifh in March, April and May,and oftentimes later. ft The 74? THE SECOND BOOKE,OF THE ft The names. Pcruiftkle is called in Greeke eke^^bicaule it bringeih foorth ftalkcs,which crcepe like thofeofthe Vine, and by reafon that the Ieaues are like thofeof the Bay, as aforcfaidc. Pliny calleth it Vinca Ter nine &, and Chamadaphne : notwithftanding there is another Chamadathne, of which in his place. The'fame author likewife calleth it Centunculut: in high Dutch HttJCtUU in lowe Dutch CBmC00|tG niftCgUen erupt: In French PucelUgeyVauche & Peruauche : in Italian Pro- uema : in Spanifh Pcruinqua : in fhoppes clematisper tunc a : in Englifh Pcruinkle , Pcrvinkle, and Periwinkle. The temperature. Peruinkk is fomething hot,but within the fecond degree,fbmething dric and aftringenr. ft Thevertues. The Ieaues boiled in Vvine and drunken,fl:oppei:h the laske and bloudic flixe. An handful! of thcleauesftampedandtheiuicc giuento drinkein red wine, ftoppeth the laske and bloodic fiixc,fpctting of blood, which neuer faileth in any bodic, either mail or woman : it Ukc- wife ftoppeth the inordinate cotirfc of the moncthly ficknefle. -i Of Capers. Qhap.^iy. ft The kindss. HP Here be two fortes o£Capcrs efpccialIy,onc with broad Ieaues fharpe pointed: the other with ^ rounder leaucs.Thc Brabandcrs haue alio another (ort,callcd Cappari*fabagopt beanc Gapers I Capparis folio scuto. a Cafps.ru rotundiorefolio. Sharpe leafed Capers. Round lealed Capers. ft T he deferip tion. He Caper is a prickly fhrubbe,thc fhootes or braunches whereof be fulloffharpe prickly thornes, trailing vpon the groundc if they be not fupported or propped vp: where¬ upon doc growc Ieaues like thofe of the Quince tree, but broader and {"harper pointed: among the which come foorth long (lender footeftalkes, whereon do grow rounde knops , which u do HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 74 9 do open or fpead abroad into faire flowers, after which commeth in place long fruite, like to an oliue and ofthe fame colour,wherin is conteined flat rough (cedes,of a duftie colour. The rooteis woody and coucred with a thicke barke or rinde,which is much vfed in Phificke. 2 The fecond kinde of Caper is likewife a prickly plan t,much like the Bramble bu(h, hauing ma¬ ny (lender branches fer full of (harpe prickles. The whole plant traileth vpon the place where it groweth,be(et with round blackifh leaues diforderly placed,in fhape like thole of Aftrabacca,but greater,approching to the forme of Folefqote : among which commeth foorth a (mall and tender naked twigge,charged at the end with a '(In all knap of bud, which openeth it felfe to a (mail ftarre- like flower, ofa pleafant fweete fine'll, in place whereof comes a fmallTruite, long and rounde like the Cornell berry,of a browne colour. 1 he rooteis long and woody, and cohered with a thicke barke or rinde,vvhich is likewife vfed in medicine. ieThe placed The Caper groweth in Italy, Spaine, and other hot regions without manuring,in a Ieane foile, in rough places amongrubbi(h,and vpon old wals,as Dtofcondes reporteth. Theophrajlusv/ riteth,that it is by nature wilde, and retufeth to be husbanded, yetinthefe our daies diuers vie to cherifh the fame,and to fet it in dry and (tony places: my felfe at the impreflion heereof,planted fome (cedes in the bricke wals of my garden, which as yet doe fpring and growc preene,the fucceffe I exped. •ft The time. The Caper flowreth in (bmmer, euen vntill Autumne. The knops of the flower s before they open,are thofe Capers or fauce that we eate,which are gathered and preferued in pickle or fait. ii 7 he names. It iscalled in Greeke : and in Latine alfo Cappiris: but properly Cynosbatos ,or Canirubue , vvhich is alfo taken for the wilde Rofejit is generally called Cappers,in mod languages: in Englifh Cappers,Caper,and Capers. ie The temperature. Capers ,or the flowers not yet fully gro wen ,be of temperature hot and of thinne parts; if they be eaten greene,they yeeld very little notirifhment, and much lefle if they be (alted. And therfore they be rather a fauce and medicine,then a meate. & The vertues. They ftirre vp an appetite to meate; they be good for amoift (tomack,and (laieth the watering A thereof,and clenleth away the flegme that cleauer'hvnto it. They open the (loppings of the liner and milt,with meate they are good to be taken of thofe that hauc a quartaine agew,and ill Ipleenes. They are eaten boiled,(the fait fit ft wafhed off,) with oile and vineger,as other fallads be,and fom- times are boiled with meate. . , The rinde or barke of the roote confifteth of diners faculties ,it heateth, clenleth, purgeth,cut- B teth and digefteth,hauing withall a certaine binding qualitie. This barke is a lingular remedie for hard fpleenes , being outwardly applied, and alfo inwardly C taken, and the fame boiled in vineger or oxymel, or being beaten and mixed with other-fimples: A: after this maner it expelleth thicke and groffe humours, and conueieth away the fame mixed with bloud,byvrine and alfo by (lege,whereby themiltorfpleeneis helped, and the paine of the huckle bones taken away: moreoueritbringeth downethe deftredfteknes, purgeth and draweth flegme out of the head,as Galen writeth. The fame barke, as Tiofcondesiz acheth, doth clenfo olde filthie fores , and fcoureth away the D thickelips and crufts about the edges,and being chewed it taketh away the toothach. Being (lamped with vineger, it (coureth away tetters or Ringwoormes, hard (wcllings, and cu- E reth thekingseuill. The barke of the rootes of Capers is good againft the hardnes and flopping of the fpleene, and f» • profiteth much if it be giuen in drink to fuch as haue the fciatica,the palfie,and thofe that are bur¬ den or brufedby fallingfrom fome high place: it doth mightily prouoke vrine, infomuch , that if it be vfed ouermuch, or giuen in too great aquantitie, it procureth bloud to come with the vrine. Of 75 ® THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Cappariifabago, Beane Capers. Of Beane Caper f. Qbap.y.%. if The defection. T His plant which the Germaines call jfa* t>8$0, and Dodon&us fauoring of Dutch, calleth it in his laft Edition Capparit Faba- go,and properly: L’ObcUtts calleth it Capparii Leguminofa : betweene which there is no great difference, who labour to referre this plant vnto the kinds ofCapers, which is but a lowe & bafe herbe, and not afhrubbie buffi, as are the true Capers. ltbringethfoorthfmoothftalkes, ten¬ der and branched , whereupon doe prowe long thick leauesjlefler than thole of the true Capers, & not vnlike to the ieaues ofPurflane,comming outofthe branches by couples,ofa light greene colour. The flowers before they be opened are like to thofe of the preceden t, but when they are cometomaturitieand full ripeneffe, tbeywaxe white,with fome yellowe chiues in the middeft, which being paft, there appeere long coddes, wherein is contained final! flat feede. The roote is tender,branching hither and thither. ‘is The place. It groWeth of it felfe in the corne fieldes of the lowe countries, from whence I haue receiued feeds for my garden,where they ftourifh. if The time. i - It flowreth when the Caper doth. if The names. It is called in Latine of the later Herbarifts Capparis fabago , of moft CapparisLeguminofa .* it is thought tobeanherbewhich L^duicenne defenbethin his 28. chapter, by the name of c Ardifrigi , we may content our felues that Capparisfabago retaine that name ftill, and feeke for none other, vn- leffe it be for an Englifh name,by which it may be called after theLatine,Beane Caper* ie The tempera ture and vertues, Touching the faculties thereof we haue nothing left in writing woorth the remembrance. Of Swallow woort . Chap,yip. if The defeription, 1 O Wallow woort with white flowers hath diners vpright branches of a brownifh colour, of the height oftwo cubits, befet with Ieaues not vnlike to thofe of Dulcamara or Wood- night fhade,fome what long,broad,fharp pointed,of a blackiffi green colour, and ftrong fa-* nor: among which come forth very many finall white flowers ftar fafhion,hanging vpon little flen- der footeftalks: after which come in place thereof long fharpe pointed cods, fluffed full of a moft perfect white cotton refembling filke, as well in ftiewe as handling, which cods the grauer hath omitted in the figure : (our London gentlewomen haue named it Silken Ciflie) among which is wrapped foft brownifh feede. The roots are verie many, white, threddie and of a ftrong fa- llQUr c 1 * 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 751 2 The fccond kinde is oftentimes founde with ftalkes much longer,climing vpon props or fuch things as ftande neere vnto it, attaining to the height of hue or fixe cubits , wrapping it felfe vpon them with many and fundry foldings ;the flowers heeteofare blacke:theleaues,cods,and rootes, belike thofe of the former. 1 '[clepiasflorealbo. White Swallow woort. 2 Afclepiasflorc nigro. Blacke Swallow woort. k The place. Both thefc kinds do growe in my garden,but not wilde in England; yet haue I heard it reported, that it growe th in the ficldes about Northampton, but as yeti am not certaine of it. k The time. They flower about Iune,in Autumnc the downe hangeth out of the cods, and the feed c fallcth to the ground. k The names. It is called of the later Herbarifts Vincetoxicum : Rue Hitts Hederalii: in high Dutch ^UialUtUC &S02t£l£>that is to fay in Latine Hirundinaria: in Englifh Swallow woort^ofour gentlewomen it is called Silken Ciflie; AEjculapius (who is faide to be the firft inuentcr ofPhificke, whom therefore the Greekcs and Gentiles honored as a God)called it after his owne name K-Afclcpias, or AEfcula* pius herbe, forthat he was the firft that wrote thereof, and nowe it is called in{hoppes/#/7M?- dtaaria. k The temperature. The rootes of Swallow woort arc hot and dry; they are thought to be good againfl poifon. klhevertues. Diojcor/desmitethpihat the rootes of Swallow woort boiled in wine,and the decoftion drunke, A is a remedie againfl the gripings of the belly, the ftingings of Serpents and againfl: deadly poifon, being one of the efpecialleft herbes againfl the fame. The Icaues boiled and applied in forme ofapultis, curcth the euillfores ofthepapsor dugs,and B matrix,that are hard to be cured. Of 71 * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OffndianSwallow? i&oort. Chap.^i o. IVifattck,fine Vincetoxicumlndianum . Indian Swallow woort. •is The defeription. T Here groweth in that part of Virginia,or Norembega, where our Englilh men dwelled (intending there to ere& a Colo- ny)a kind ofAJclepias^oi Swallow woort,which the Sauages call IVifanck : there rifeth vp from a fingle crooked roote one vprightftalkea foote high,flender,and ofa greenifh co!our:whereup- on do growe faire broadc leaues fharpe pointed, with many ribs or nerues running through the fame, like thofeof Rib woort or Plantaine,let to- gither by couples at certaine diflanccs. The flo¬ wers comefoorth at the top efthe flalks, which asyctarenotobfefued, byreaionthe man that brought the feeds and plants hecreof did not re¬ gard them: after which ,there come in place two cods (feldomemore) fharpe pointed like thofe of our Swallow woort, but greater, fluffed full of mofl pure filke , of a thimng white colour: among which filke appeereth a fmall long toong ( which is the feede ) refembling the toong of a birde , or that of the herbe called Adders toong. The cods are not onelyfull of filke, butcuery nerueor finewe wherewith the leaues be ribbed, are likewife mofl pure filke; and alfo the pilling of the Items,euen as Flaxs is tome from his (Talks. This confidered; beholae the iuflice of God, that as he hath fbutvp thole people and nations in infidehtieandnakednes; fo hath he not as yet giuen them vnderftanding to couer their nakednes, nor matter wherewith m do the fame;notwith(landing the earth is couered ouer with this filke, which daily they tread vn- der their fecte, which werefufficient toapparcll many kingdomes if they were carefully manured, and cherifhed. is The place. It groweth, as before is rehearfed, in the countries of Norembega, and now called Virginia by the WX\t Walter Ra/e/gh, who hath beflowed great furnmes of monic in the difeouerie therof, where are dwelling at this prcfcntEnglifhmen, if neither vntimely death by murdering, orpcfhlcncc, corrupt airc,bloodie flixes, or fome other mortall ficknes hath not deflroied them. # The time. Itfpringethvp,flowreth,andflourifhcthboth winter and fommer, as do many, or mofl of the plants of that countrie. •is The names. The filke is vied of the people ofPomeioc, and other of the prouinecs adioining ( being parts of Virginia) tocouer thefccret parts of maidensthat neucr tailed man, as in other places they vfe a white kindc of moffe Wifanck, we haue thought Afcleptas Vtrginiana, or Vtncetoxicum indiar. um,fit and proper names for it: in Englilh Virginia Swallow woort,or the filke woort of Norembega. is '/ he nature and vertues. We findc nothing by report or othcrwaics of our owne knowledge, of his phificall vertues, but onely report of the abundance of mofl pure filkejwhcrewith the whole plant is pofTefled. of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 753 Of the "Bombafle^or Cotton plant > Chapin* Go (siptumfiue X ylon. The Cotton bufh. 'k The defcriptioH . T Hc Cotton bufh is a Iowc and bafe plant, hauing final! ftalkes of a cubite high , and fometimes a little higher ; diuided from the lowed part to the top into fundrie fmall branches, whereupon are fetconfufedly or without order, a few broad leaues, cutforthe mod part intothree fedions, andfometimes more, as nature iid to be- dowjfbmwhat indented about the edges, not vn- like to the leafe ofthe Vine,or rather the Veruaine Mallowe, butlcfFer,fofter and of a grayifh colour: among which come foorth the flowers, danding vpon (lender footcdalkes; the brimmes or edges whereof are of a yellow colour,the middle part pur¬ ple : after which appeereth the fruit, round, and of thebignefle of a Tcnnife ball,wherein is thrud to- gither a great quantity of fine white Cotton wool; among which is wrapped vp blacke feede of the bignede of Pealbn, in drape like the trettles or dung of a conic. 1 he fruit being come to maturitic orripenefle, thehuskeor codopeneth itfelfejnto fower partes or diuifions, and cadeth foorth his wood and feede vpon the ground, if it be not ga¬ thered in his time and feafon. The roote is frnali and fingle,wich few threds annexed chereto.and of a woodic fubdancc,as is ail the red of the plant. The place. It growethin Indiajn Arabia,Aegypt,& in ccrtainc Hands ofthe Mediterranean fea,as Cyprus, Candia,Melita,Sicilia,and in other prouinces of the continent adiacent. It groweth aboutTripo- lis,and Alcpo in Syria, from whence the Fador of a worfhipiiill merchant in London, MaderiW- cholas Lete before retnembred,d:d fend vnto his laid Madcr diuers pounds weight of the feede,wher- of lome were committed to the earth at the imprddon hereof: thefucceffe weleaueto the Lord. Notwithdanding my felfe three yeeres pad did fowe of the (cedes, which did grow very frankly,but perifhed before it came to perfedion, by rcafon of the coldc frodcs that ouertooke it in the time of \ flowring. # The time. Cotton (cede is fowen in the plowed fields in the fpringof the yccre,and reaped or cut downs in harued,cucn as corne with vs, and the ground mud be tilled and iowen new againe the next yeere, and vfed in fuchfortas we do the tilla ge for corne and graine: for it is a plant ofoncyeere,and pc- rifheth when it hath perfeded his fruit,as many other plants do. The names. Cotton is called in Grccke anin Latinc Xylum , and Gofopiurn after the Greeke: in drops Lanugo,Bombax, and Cvtum: in Italian EombagU: in Spanifh Algodon: in high Dutch U)00l t in Englifh and French Cotton,Bombade, or Bombacc. Theophratfus hath made mention hereof in his fourth booke 9 .chapter, but without a name; and lie faith it is a tree in Tylus which beareth vvooll: neither is it any marucll if he tooke an vnkno wen flrrub or plant,and that groweth in countries far off, for a tree; feeing alfo in this age, in which very many things come to be better knowen than in times pad, the Cotton or vvooll hecrcof is called of the Gcrmanes,as we hauc faid tUCOlb that is,woolI of a tree : Whereas in truth it is rather a finall ihrubfand not to benumbred among herbes.) Bbb i Of 754 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE £)f this, TheophraHm wriceth thus: It is reported, that the fame Uande, that is to fay Ttlui^ doth bring foorth many diners trees thatbeare woolI,whereoffomehaue leaucs like thpfc of the Vine. Tlinie writing of the fame in hL 19. booke chapter 1. faith thus; The vpper part of Aegypt to¬ ward Arabia,bringeth foorth a fhrub, which is called Gcfipion and Xylon , and therefore the linnen that is made of it, is called Xylina , or Linde woohie. It is faithhe, the plant that beareth that wool!, wherewith the garments are made,which the priefts of Egypt do weare. > , The temperature. The (cede of Cotton,according to the opinion of Seraph , is hot andmoift: thewooll itfelfeis hot and-drie. # Thevertuesr The feedc of Cotton is good againft the cough, and for them that are fhort winded ; it alio ftir- reth vp lull of the body,by increafing naturall feede,whereforeit furpaffeth. g The oile prelfcd out of the (eede,taketh away freckles,(pots,and other blcmifhes of the skin. q 1 he afhes of the wooll burned, ftancheth the bleeding of wounds, vfed in reftri&iue medicines as Bole Armoniack , and is more reftri&iue than Bole it lelfe. D To fpeakc of the commodities ofthc wool of this plant it were fuperfluous. Common experience and the daily vfe and benefit we receiue by it doth fhew. So that it were impertinent to our hiftory, to fpcake of the making of Fuflian, Bombafies, and many other things that are made of thewooll thereof. 0/T)ogs bane. Qhap.yiz. tfc Thekindes. There be two Dogs banes: the one a diming or clambering plant;the other an vpright flirub. Teriplocci repens. Climing Dogs bane. The defeription. D Ogsbancrifeth vp like vnto a final! hedge bufh, vpright and ftraight, vntiilk haue attained to a cert a in e h ei gh t; then doth it clalpe and clime with his tender branches as do the Bindweeds,takinghold vpon props or poles, or whatfoeuer ftandeth next vnto it: whereupon do growe faire broad Icaues fharpe pointed like thole of the Bay tree,of a deep green colour The flowers come foorth at the top of the (talks ,con- (lfting of fiiiefmall white leaues, which being pall,there fucceede longcoddes fet vpon a (len¬ der footeftalke by couples, ioyning thetnfelues togither at the extreme point, and hkewife at the ftalkei, making of twopeeces Init togither one entire cod; which cod is ful offuch downie mat¬ ter & feed as that of Afclepias^ but more in quan- titie by rcafon the cods are greater,which being drie and ripe, the'(liken cotton hangeth foorth, and by little and little (heddeth,vntill the whole be fallen vpon the grounds. The whole plant yeeldeththatyellowe ftincking milkic mice that the other doth,and fometimes it is of a white co. lour,according to the climate w here it groweth; for the morecolde the countrey is, the whiter is the iuice, and the more hot, the yellower. The roote is long and Angle, with (omc threds an* nexed thereto. There • , • . HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 755 There is another Dogs bane,that hath long & {lender ftalks like thole of the Vine,but of a brown reddifh colour, wherwith it windeth it fclfe about fuch things as ftande neere vnto it,ita maner of a Bindwecdc:wherupon are fet leaues not vnlike to thofe of the Iuic,but not fo much cornered, of a darkc rrecne colour, andofarankelmellbeingbrufcd betweencthc fingers , yeelding foorth a ftinkin^ yellowe milkie iuice when it is fo broken : among which come foorth little white flowers, {landing fcatteringly vpon little husks:after the flowers come long cods,very like vnto Afclepias , or Swallow woort,but greater,fluffed with the like foft downie filkc, among which downc is wrapped vp flat blacke feede/i he rootes are many and threddie,crceping all about within the grounde,bud¬ ding foorth newe fhootesin fundry places, whereby it greatly incrcafeth. ft The place. They do grow naturally in Syria,and-alfo in Italy as Mathioltu reporteth: mylouing fri end John Xob 'tn Herbarift in Paris,did fende me plants of both the kindes for my garden, where they flower and flourifh; but whether they do grow in Fraunce, or that he proctired them from fome other re¬ gion,as yet I haue no certaine knowledge.. & 7 he time . They begin to bud foorth their leaues in the beginning of Maic , and fliew their flowers in Sep¬ tember. ft 7 he names. Dogs banc is called by the learned ofour age Peripioca: it is euident that they are to be referred loApocynumot D/ofcorides. The former of the two hath been likewife named and Braf JicaCanina, or Dogs Cole: notwithftanding there is another Dogs cole, which isakindeofwilde Mercury: we may call the firft CrccpingDogs banc,and the other vpright or Syrian Dogs bane. ft The temperature. Thcfe plants arc ofthe nature ofthatpeflilent and poifonfull hcrbeTW^, which being eaten of dogs,or any other liuing creature,doth certainly kill them, except there be in readines an Anti¬ dote,ot preferuatiue againft poifon and giucn,which by all probability is the herbe deflribed in the former chapter, called Vincetoxicum, euen as Anthora is the Antidote or remedie againft the poifon of Thor a, and Herba Parts againft Pardalia nches. ft Thevertues• Dogs banc is a deadly and dangerous plant,efpecially to fower footed beafts , for as Diofcorides writeth,the leaues hccrcof being mixed with bread and giuen,killeth dogs,woollies,foxes and leo¬ pards, the vfe of their legs and huckle bones being prcfently taken from them, and death it fclfe fol- loweth incontincnt,and therefore not to be vfed in medicine. Of Salomons Seale. Chap . 325 . ft The kindes. T Hcre be diuers fortes of Salomon his fealc , differing in leaues and fruit very notably, but in rootes there is finall difference. ft The defeription. I •"I' -1 Hcfirftkindeof Salomons fcale hath long round ftalkes, fet for the moft part with long I leaues, fomewhat furrowed and ribbed, not much vnlike Plantaine, but narrower, which for the moft part ftand all vpon one fide of the ftalkc, and hath fmall white flowers refem- bling the flowers of Lillie Conuall: on the other fide when the flowers be vaded,there come foorth round berries,which at the firft are greene, and of a blacke colour tending to blewnefte ; and when they be ripe,be of the bignefte of Iuic berries, of an exceeding fweetc and pleafant tafte.. Theroote is white and thicke,full of knobs or ioints,which in fome places refemblc the marke of a feale,wher- of I thinke it tooke the name Sigtllum Salomonis, and is fweetc at the firft, but afterwarde of a bitter tafte,with fome fharpnefle. 2 Thefecondkindeof Polygonatwn doth not much varie from the former, failing in the leaues which be narrower,and growe roundabout the ftalkc like a {pur,in fafhion like vnto Woods oote,or red Madder; among the leaues come foorth flowers like the former, bur of a greener white colour: which being paft,there lucceede berries like the former,but of a reddifh colour. The rootes are thick and knobbie like the former,with fome fibres annexed there to. Bbb 2. I Polyzonatam i 1 75 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OFT HE i Polygon&tim. Salomons Seale. Rs - ■ ' 2 Polygonattm minut. Small Salomons Seale. 3 Polygonatuml,Clusij. Sweetefmelling Salomons Seale. 4 Polygon at urn ramojum. Branched Salomons Seale. 757 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ The defeription. y Thethird kinde of Salomons fc ale, which Carolus Clufius foundc in the vvoodic mountaines of Lcicenberg,aboue 'Mandcrftorf,and many other mountains hevond the riuerDanubius, especially among the ftones: he fentto London vntoMafter Garth a worfhipfuil Gentleman, and one that greatly delighteth in ftrange plants,who very louingly impaired the fame vnto me. This plant hath ilalkes very like vnto the common Salomon his fcalc, a foote high, befet with Icaues vpon one fide of the (hike, like the firft and common kinde, but larger and morcapproching to the bignefte of thebroad leafed Plantaine,the tafte whereof is not very plcafant: from the bofome ofwhich Icaues come foorth (mall well fmelhng greenifh white flowers, not much vnlike the firft; which being pad, there follow feedes or berries, that are at the firft greene,but afterward blacke ; containing within the fame berries a fmall feed, as bigas a Vetch, andashardeasaftonc. The rootes are like vnto the other of his kinde,yet not fo thicke as the firft. 4 The fourth kinde according to my account, but the third of Clufw ( which he found alio in the mountaines aforefaid) greweth a foote high, butfeldome acubitc, differing from all the others of - | his kinde: for his ftalkcs diuidethemfelues into fundrie other branches, which are garnifhed with goodly leaues, larger and iharper pointed than any of the reft, which do imbrace the ftalkes about, after the manner of Perfoiiata or Thorow waxe, yet very like vnto the kindcs of Salomons Seale in fhew, fane that they are fomewhat hoaric vnderneath the leaues, which are fweete at the firft, in taftc fomewhat faltifh towards the latter end.From the backe part of the leaues fhootc foorth fmall, long, tender and crooked ftems, bearing at theende little gaping white flowers, not much vnlike Lilian cormallium^ fauouring like Hawthorne flowers, fpotted on the inner fide with bjackc (pots ; which being paft, there come foorth berries like the narrow leafed Salomons feale 5 greene at the firft,and red when they be ripe, containing many white hard graines. The rootes differ from all the other kindcs,and are like vnto the crambling rootes of 7 haliclrum, which the grauer hath omitted in the picture. 75 B THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The defer ipt ton. 5 The fiftkinde of Salomons feale hath a thicke knobbed roote, voide of fuch markes as the firfl kinde hath,white both without and within, and of a fweete tafle; from which rifeth vp diuers {folks which diuide them fellies intofcndrie branches; whereupon are fet at cercaineioints or knees one {ingle broad leafe, with ccrtaine ncrucs orfi-newes running thorough the lame like Ribwoort, very fmoothc and fhining; from the bofome of which leaues commeth foorth a (lender footeflalkc whereon doth growe little foolifh idle flowers of (mall moment., which turnc into red berries when they be ripe. 6 This rare fort of Salomons feale rifeth vp from his tuberous or knobbie roote, with a flraight . vpi'ightflalke, minted at ccrtaine diflances, leaning betweenceach ioint a bare or naked (hike fmoothc and of agreenifh colour tending to yellowneffe : from the which iointes, thrufl foorth diuers final! branches,with fower narrow leaues let about like a {former the herbe Woodroofe.-vpon which tender branches are fet about the flalkes by ccrtaine fpaces, long narrow leaues, inclofing the fame round about: among which leaues come foorth fmall whitifh flowers of little regarde. The fruit is fmall, and of a red colour, full of pulpcor meate ; among which is containeda hard flonie feede like thofc of the firfl Salomons feale. it The place. The firfl fort of Salomons feale groweth naturally wilde in Somcrfctfhirevpon the north fide of a place called Mcndip, in the parifhof Shepton Mallet; alfoinKcntby a village called Cray- forde vpon Rough or Rowe hill; alfo in Odiam parkc in Hampfhire, in Bradfords wood ncerc to a towne in Wiltfhire fower miles from Bathe; in a wood ncere to a village called Horflcy flue miles from Gilford in Surrey,and diuers other places. ThatfortofSalomonslcalewithbroad leaues groweth in ccrtaine woods in Yorkfhire called Clapdale woods,three miles from a village named Settle. The firfl,fecond,and third I hauc growing in my garden; the reft arc flrangcrs in England. it The tme. They fpring vp in March,and fhcvv their flowers in May: the fruit is ripe in September. it The names. Salomons feale is called in Grecke ■mhvywanv : in Latine like wife Polygon at urn many knees; for fo the Greeke word doth import : in fhops SigiUum Salomonis , and Scala cali : in Englifh likcwife Scala ccdi,SaIomons fcale,and white woort or white roote: in high Dutch u£]dfuU!tt|+in French Sean de Salomon : of the Hetrurians Frafinella or FraxineUa. * The temperature. The rootes of Salomons feale,as Galen faith, haue both amixt facultie and qualitic alfo. For they haue, faith he, a ccrtaine kinde of aflri<Rion or binding, and biting withall, and likewife a ccrtaine lothfbme bittemcflc, as the fame author affirmeth: which is not to be found in thofe that do growe in our climate. it The verities. Dio/cor ides writeth, that the rootes arc excellent good for to feale or clofc vp grecnc wounds be¬ ing (lamped and laidc thereon: whereupon it was called SigiUum Salomonis, of the Angular vertue that it hath infealing, or healing vp wounds, broken bones, and fuch like. Somehaue thought it tooke the name Sigi/lum, of the markes vpon the rootes: but the firfl rcafon feemeth tome more probable. 13 The roote of Salomons Seale (lamped while it is frefh and greene, and applied, taketh away in one night or two at the mod,any brufe,blackc or blew fpots gotten by fals or womens wilfulnes, in (tumbling vpon their haflie husbands fifls 5 or fuch like. q <7 r/c# iaith,that neither herb nor root hereof is to begiuen inwardly; but note what experience hath found out,&of late daies,cfpecially among the vulgar fort of people of Hampfhire,which Ga¬ len, Dio/coridesyOV any other that hath written ofplants,haue not fo much as dreamed of,which is; That ifany of what lexe or age feeuar that chance to hauc any bones broken, in whatpaftof their bodies it be; their refuge is tofhmpc the rootes hecreof, and giue it vino the patient in ale to drinkc , which foddereth and glewerh togither the bones in very fhorrfpacc , and very flrangely, yea,although the hones be but flendcrly and vnhandfomly placed and wrapped vp. Moreouer the (aid people do giue it in like mancr vnto their cattle,if they chance to haue any bones broken, with HISTORIH OF PLANTS. 759 good fucceflc, which they do alio ftampCjand apply outwardly inmancrof a pultis , as well vnto themfelues as their cattle. The rootes ftamped and applied in maner of a pultis, andlaidevpon members that hauc beene D outofioint, and newly reftored to their place, it driueth away the paine and knitteth the iointve* ry firmely,and taketh away the inflammation if there chance to beany. The fame ftamped,and the iuice giueri to drinke with ale or white wine, as aforefaide, or the de- E codtion thereof made in wine, helpeth any itiwardebrule, dilperleth the congealed and clotted bloud,in very Ihort fpace. That which might be written of thisherbe, as touching the knitting of bones (and that true- F ly) woulde feeme vnto fome incredible, but common experience teacheth, that in the worlde there is not to be found another herbe comparable toitforthepurpofesaforefaide: and therefore in briefe,ifitbefor brufes inward,the rootes muft be ftamped,fome ale or wine put therto, {trained, and giuen to drinke. It muft be giuen in the fame maner to knit broken bones, againft brufes,blackc or blewe markes G gotten by ftripes, fallesorfuch like,againft inflammation, tumors or fweliings, that happen vnto members,whole bones are broken,or members out of ioint after reftauration: the rootes are to be ftamped fmall,and applied pultis or plaifter wile, wherewith many great workes haue beene perfor¬ med beyond credite. Mithiotui teacheth that a water is drawen out of the rootes, wherewith the women ofltalie vfe H to fcourc their faces from funne burning,freckles, morphew,or any fuch deformitie of the skin. OfKrieebolme^r ‘Butchers Uroome. Qbap.^z^. Rufcus fiue Brufectts . Kneeholme,or Butchers Broome ft The defeript ion. Neeholme isalowe woodic plant, hauing di- uers finall branches or rather ftems, riling im¬ mediately from the ground, of the height of a foot, whereupon are let many leaues like vnto thole of the Boxe tree, or rather of the Myrtle; but fharpe and pricking at the point. The fruit groweth vpon the middle rib of the Ieafe, greene at the firft, and 'red as corail when it is ripe, like thole of ^yifeara- gw, but bigger. The rootes are white,branched,of a meane thicknefle, and full of tough Iprouting fhootes thrufting foorth in other places, whereby it doth greatly incrcafe. ft The place. It groweth plentifully in moft places of England, in rough & barren grounds,elpeciaIly vpon Hamp- fteede heath fower miles from London, indiuers places of Kent,Elfex,and Barkfhire ,almoft in tue- rie woodie copies and lowc woods. ft The time. The yoong and tender fproutes come foorth ac the firft of the Ipring, which are eaten in fome pla¬ ces as the yoong tender ftalkesof Alparagusand fuch like herbes.The berries are ripe in Auguft. ft Then Ames, It is called in Greeke as though they fhould fay Lsfcuta M;rtw , or pricking Myrtle, and Myrtw fyluefirispx wilde Myrtle: in Latine Rujcum or Rufew : in fhops Brufew : of diuers Scop4 regia, Bbb 4 75© THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE as teflifieth Marcdlus Empericus an olde writer : in high Dutch X in Iowc Dutch liCHlse palUI X in Italian Rufco, and Pontogopi : in Spanifh Gdbarbeyra: in Englifh KnecholmeJKnee- hulme.,Kneehuluer,Butchers broome,and Petigree. There be feme faith Phnie in his 2 5.booke 13-chap.thaf call it Oxymyrfne. Serapto in his 288. chapter fuppofeth that Myrtw agria or wilde Myrtle is the fame that Cubeb a arerbealleageth arealbn, bicaulc Galen hath notdelcrib e&Myrtu* agria, orKneeholme, neither D wfcor teles Cub eba : which as it is a reafonof no account; ibis it alio without truth. For Galen doth no where make mention of Cubeb a : and be it that he had, it fhould not therefore follow, that Kneehoime is Cubeb a. Galen fpeaketh of Carpefium, which t ^fuicen in his 137. chapter maketh to be Cubeb a: and that Carpefurn doth much differ from Kneehoime, thofe things declare which Galen hath left written hereof in his firft booke of counterpoilons. Carpejiumfathhz^b anherbelikeinkindc to that which is called Pku or Setwall, but of greater force, and more arornaticall or fpicie. This groweth very plentifully inSida a citieof Pamphilia: alfo he faith further, that fome of the flickes of Carpefium are like to thole of Cinnamom. There be two kindes thereof: one which is named La'ertium, and another that is called Ponticum, They both take their names of the mountaines on which they growc : but Ponticum is the better, which is put into medicines, in which the herbe Phu ought to be put. For Carpefium, as I haue laid, is like vnto Phu or Setwall,yet is it flronger, and yecldeth a certaine arornaticall cjualitie,both in tafle and fmell.Thus far are Galerts words. By which it plainly appeereth, that Kneehoime is not Carpefum , that is to lay, cj /Tuicenna his Cu¬ be as fhall be further declared in the chapter of Cubeb a. Herein Serap/ow as Iikewile deceiued, whofufpe&edittobefuchalikething : faying, there be certaine frujtes or graines (called not flicks: yet do they neither agree with Kneehoime, neither yet were they knowen vnto Galen. Ifac in the fecond booke of his pra&ife doth number it among the graines: and Iikewile Hali- abbas in the fecond booke of hispra< 5 fi(ealfo,in the number 162.!he later Grecians,among whom is Nicholas Myrejftts,cAl them Cubeb a ; and yet euery one in an error,as hath beene prooued. ie The temperature. The roots ofKncebolme, which be chiefly vfed, are temperately hot, and drie alfo in a mcane, with a thinnefle of eflence. ft* The vertues. p The decodion of the rootes of Kneehoime made in wine Sc drunken,prouoketh vrine,breaketh the Hone, driueth foorth grauell and land, and eafeth thofe that make their water with great paine. B D/of or.w riteth the fame things oftheleaues and berries, which moreouer, faith he,bring downc the dclired ficknes,helpeth the hcadach, and the yellow iaundies. Oner and befides the rootes do feme to raile vp gently the tough and grolfe flegme which llicketh in the lungs and chell, and do concodt the fame.. QfHorfc toong or c Doub!e toong . Chap. 32 , 5 . ft The defeription. 1 T T Ode toong fendeth foorth round ftalks of a fpan long; whereupon are let long, broad & r“jj lharp pointed leaues, but not pi icking as are thole of Kneeholm,not vnlike to the leaues of the Bay tree,but lellcr 5 greater than thole of Kneehoime: out of the middle rib wherof commeth foor.h another Ieafe, iharpe pointed alio, but final], and of the bignelle of the leafe of Kneehoime, refembling a little toong. From the bofome of which two leaues commeth foorth a berrie,of the bignefTe of a Peafe, of colour red when it is ripe, which is fometimes in a manner all hid vndcr the leafe.The roote is white,long and tough,andofa fwecteandplcafant fmell. 2 The female Horfe toong difrereth not from the preccdcnt,but in ftaturc and colour of the fruit: it rifeth vp (faith my author) to the height of fower or hue fingers. The berries come foorth of the middle part of the greater leafe, and the fetting on of the Iefler , of a faint ycllowifh red colour, wherein confifleth the difference. 3 There is likewife another fort of Double toong fet foorth by Mathiolus , which feemeth vnto fome to differ from the firfldefcribed orbeftknowne Horfe toong, being in truth thefelfe fame plant without any difference: notwithflanding I haue fet forth the figure that it may appeere to be thefame orverie little different, and that not to be diftinguiflied: but CMatbioltts may not efcape without rcprehenfion,who knowing the vntrue tranflation of Ruellius would fet foorth fo falfe a pic¬ ture in his commentaries. 1 Hippogloffam historie I Hippoglofummaa. The male Horfe toong. 3 Hippogloffkm LMatthioli. Italian Horfe toong. OF PLANTS. 7 6t 2 HipPoglofpitn fc&nina. The female Hoife toong. ft The place. They are founde on the Alpes of Liguria, and on the mountains of Auftria. Bellonim vvri~ teth, that they do growc very plentifully about the hill Athon. The firft of the Horfe toongs groweth in my garden very plentifully. ft The time. That which groweth in my garden flowrcd in the beginning of May .The fruit is ripe in the fall of thelcafe. ft 7 he names. Horfe toong is called in Greekc iindy*® ww- of the later Hcrbarifts Bomfacia, VuttUria , Bif lingua,Lingua Pagan a.and V ill or tola. The fame isalfo named of Idaamountaineof Troy which is called Alexanders Troy: of fome L'lurm A'cxandrzna^ox the bay of Alexandria, and Laitrua idaa. This Hippogloffum Bomfacia is called in high Dutch ^apflmkraut: in low Dutch CottfffKit* blaDtt in Spanifh Lcngua de Cauallo: in English Horfe toong,Toong blade,Double toong,and Laurell of Alexandria. •Si The temperature. Horfe toong is cuidently hot inthefeconde degree,and dne in the firft. ft 7 he 7 <Ji THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •ft The vertues. A The rootes of Double toong boiled in wine, and the deco&ion drunke, helpeth the ftranguric, prouokcth vrine,eafeth women that haue hard trauell in childe bearing. It expelleth the fecondine or afterbirth.The roote beaten in powder, whereof fixe drams giucn in fiveete wine, doth helpe the difeafes aforefaid. It bringeth downe the termes, as Diofcorides teacheth. The like writeth Pltnic alfo: adding further, that it caufeth women to haue fpeedie deiiuerance, if halfe an ounce of the powder of the roote be giuen to drinke in a draught of fweete wine. B BaptiHa.Sardtu doth notably commend this herbefor the difeafes of the mother : bygiuing, faith he,a little fpoonefull of the powder,either of the herbc,the fruit, or of the roote, to hir that is troubled with the mother,fhe is thereby foorthwith recouered. He alfo writeth, that the fame is a fingular good medicine for thofe that are burften, if a fpoonefull of the powder of the roote bee drunke in the broth of flefh certaine daies togither. OfCucumbers . Chap.^16. The kindes. 'T' Here be diuers forts of Cucumbers; fome greater, others Icfler ; fomeof the Garden; fome wilde; fome of one fafhion; aud fome of another, as fhall be declared in this chapter. I Cucumis vulgar**. Common Cucumber. 2 Cucumis Tmeicm. Turkie Cucumber. The defeription. He Cucumber creepeth alongft vpon the ground all about with his long rough branches; whereupon do grow broad rough leaues vneuen about the edges: from the bofome wher- of come foorth crooked clafping tendrels like vnto thofe of the Vine. The flowers fhoote foorth betweene theftalkes and the leaues let vpon flenderfooteftalkes , compofed of fine finall yellow leaues: which being paft,the fruite fucceedeth,wlfich is long, cornered,rough,and fer with HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 7 6$ with certainc biunpcs or riflings, grcene at the firft, and yellow when they be ripe 5 wherein is con¬ tained afirmcandflolidepulpcor fubfltance, tranfparent or thorow fhining5 whichtogitherwith the feede is eaten,a little before they be hilly ripe.Thc feeds be white,long and hat. 2 The Turkic Cucumber hath many long flexible branches trailing vponthe ground, fe there and there by cerraine diftances, at euerie ioint with one leafe and no more, very broad,deepdv cut about the edges,not vnlike to thole of the Pompion; among which come foorth the ciafpingtcn- drels, wherewith it takethhold of weedes or other herbes that arc in his way 5 as aifo may be let to clime vpon poles, arbors, and fuch like, for the fhadowe fake, as well as for the finite: from the laid ioint likcyvife commeth foorth a fmall tender footcftalke, whereon doth growe a iittlepale yellow flower,bell fafhion jaftcr which commeth the fruit crefted,chamfered, or furrowed like the Pompion.Thc mcate or pulpc is morefirme and folide than that of the common Cucumber. The feede is Iong 3 vcry white,m fhape like thofe of the common Cucumber,but greater. 3 CucumU Anguitm. Adders Cucumber. 4 Cucwnis Pyriformis. Pearefafhion Cucumber. T . 1 ir r |_. .. . * The defer Option. 3 I here be alfo of this trade certainc long Cucumbers, which were firft made (as it is (aide) bv art and manuring, which nature afterwards did preferue. For at the firft, when as thefruit is very Me, it,spur ratefome hollow cane, or other thing made of purpofe, in which the Cucumber lo ?S> b y r ' pf'hat narrow irollowneiTe being filled vp.rhe Cucumber increafeth . C p e Feede oftnis trade of Cucumbers being fowen , bringeth foorth not fuch as were ° rC) f ch as hatl ] framed : which of their owne growth are found long, and oftentimes ffiSE ; " CrCUP ° n theyhaue bC “ e callcd ° r lon S Cucumbers, and t , J hc P carc fashioned Cucumber hath many trailing branches, lying flat vpon the grounds oi.gn and pncldey wheron doftandat each iointone great rough leafe, (liarpe pointed, fnd of an ouerworn greenccolour; among which come forth clafping tendrcls, & likewtfc Sender footftalks, whereon 764 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE whereon do growc Ihiall yellow Warlike flowers. Thefruitc lucceedeth,fafhioned like aPeare, and of the bignes of a great YV ardeti. The rootcis thrcddic. Cucumis ex Hiffanico [eminc nat&s. Spanifh Cucumber. ie The defeription. 5 ^T^Here hath been not long fince Tent out of j| Spaine fome feeds of a rare and beautiful! Cucumber,into Argentine a citie of Ger¬ manic, otherwife called Strawsborough, which there brought foorth long trailing braunches, rough and hairy,fet with very large rough Ieaues, fharpe pointed, fafhioned like vnro the Ieaues of the great Burre docke: among which come forth faire yellow flowers growing nakedlie vpon their tender footeftaikes : the which being paid, the fruite commeth in place, of a foot in Iength,grecn on the fide toward the ground, yellows to the fun wardc,draked with manic fpots and lines of diuers colour s. The pulpe or meate is hard and fall like that of our Pompion. "fy The place. Thcfe kindes of Cucumbers are planted in gar¬ dens in mod: countries of the world. it The time. According to my promife heerctoforc made, I hauc thought :t good and conuenicnt in this place to let downe, not onely the time of (owing and letting of Cucumbers, Muskc melons, Ci- truls,Pompions,Gourdes,and fuch like; but alio how to fet or fowe all manner and kindes of other cold feedes,as alio whaticeuer iirangc feedes are brought vnto vs from the Indies,or any other hot regions,' videl. Firftof allin themiddeftof Aprillor lomwhat looner (ifthe weather be any thing temperate) you fnal caulc to be made a bed or bank of hot & new horlcdung taken forth of the dable(and not from the dunghill)of an ell in breadth,and the like ip depth or thicknes,of what length youplealc, according to the quantitic of your feed: the which bancke you fhall couer with Hoopcs and poles, that you may the more conueniently coucr the whole bed or bancke with Mats, olde painted cloth, ftrawc or fuch like, tokeepeit from theiniurieof thccoldefrodienightcs, and not hurt the things planted in the bed: thcnfballyou ccuerthebcd all ouer with the moft fertiileft earth finely lifted haifeafoote thicke,wherein you fhall fet or fowe your feedes: that being done, cad your draw or other coucrture oner the fame; and fo let it red without looking vpon it, or taking away of your couering for thcfpaccof feauen or eight daiesatthemod, for commonly in that fpacc they will thrud themfclues vp nakedlie foorth of the grounde : then mud you cad vpon them in the hoted time of thcdaic lorre water that hathdoode inthehouleor in the liinnca daic before, bicaulc the water lb cad vpon them newely taken foorth of a well or pumpe, will lb chill and coole them being brought and nourifhed vp in fuch a hot place, that prelently in one daie you haue lod all your labour; I meanc not onely vonr (cede, but your bancke alfc-; for in this (pace the great heat of the dung is lod and (pent, keeping in memoric thateueric night they mud bee coucrcdand opened when the daic is warmed with the fun beames: this mud be done from time to time vntill that the plants haue fower or fixe Ieaues a pecce, and that the danger of the cold nights is pad: then mud they be replanted verie curioully with the earth dicking to the plant as neere as may be vnto the mod fruitfull place, and where the funne hath mod force in the garden; prouided that vpon the remoouingof them you mod couer them with fome Docke Ieaues or wilpes of draw, propped vp with forked dickcs, as well to keepe them from the cold of the night,as alio the heatc ofthe funne: for H IS TOR IH OF PLANTS. for they cannot whilcflrthey be yoong and newly p] anted,indurc neither ouermuch cold nor much hcatc, vntill they arc well rooted in their new place or dwelling. Oftentimes itfalleth out that feme feedes arc more franker and forwarder than the reft, which commonly do rife.vp veric nakedliewith longnecksnot vnhketothe ftalke of a ftnall mufhrome, of a night olde. 1 his naked .ftalke muftyou eoucr with the like fine earth euento the greeneieaues, hauins; regard to puce your bancke fo that it may be defended from the North vvindes. Obierue thefe inftruciions diligently, and then you Hull not hauc caufe to cGrqpfiaine that your feedes were not Good, nor of the intcmperancie of the climate (by realon whereof you can get no frilitc)aIthough it were in the furtheft partes ofthe North of Scotland. *.V 7 he names. i The Cucumber is named generally Cncumis ; in fhops Cucumcr : and is taken for that which the Grecian* call nwt .in Latin Cucumiifat turn or garden Cucumber: in high Dutch CfiCUHTnn in Italian Concomero: in Spanifh Cogombro: in French Concornbre: in lovve Dutch CtfJtCflWttlClCll X in En glifn Cowcumbers and Cucumbers v* The temperature and verities. AH the Cucumbers are oftcmperaturecoldandmoifl; in the lecond degree. They putriftc foone A in the ftomacke, andyeelde vnto the body a cold and moldnourifliment, and that vecie little, and the fame not good. Thofe Cucumbers mu ft be chofea which are greenc and not yet ripe: for when they are ripe and B yellow they be vnfit to be eaten. /*.■ The feede is colde, but nothingfo much as the fruit. It opencth and clenfeth , prouoketh vrine, C openeth the Hoppings of the liner, hclpeth the cheft and lungs that arc inflammed: and being ftamped and outwardly applied in fteede of a CIenfer,it maketh the skin frnooth and faire. Cucumber(faith my Author) taken in meats,is good for the ftomacke and other partes troubled D with heate. It yeeldcth not any nourifhmentthat is good,in fo much as the vnmcafurablc vfe thcr- of filleth the vaines with naughtie colde humours. The feede ftamped and made in to milkelake as they do with Almonds, orftrained with milke or E fweete wine and drunkc 3 Ioofeth the bcllie gently, and is excellent againft the exulceration of the bladder. Thefruite cuttein peecesor chopped as herbes to the pot and boiled in a fmall pipkin with a F peeceof mutton,being made intopotage with Otemealc,euen as herbepotage are made, whereof ameftceatcntobreakefaft, as much to dinner, and the like to fupper: taken in this manner for the lpace of three wcekes cogicher wirhouc intermiffion;doth perfedly cure all manner of fawceflegme and copper faces,red and (Lining Erie nofes(as red as rcdRofes) with pimples,pumples,rubies ; and fuch like pretious faces. Prouided alwaies thatduringthe time of curing you do vfe to waflhor bathe the face with this G liquor following. Take a pinte of ftrong white wine vineger, powder cf the rootes of Ireosor Orricc three H diagmes, learced or bolted into moft fine duft, Brimftonein fine ponder haife an ounce, Cam- phirc two dragmes, ftamped with two blanched Almondes, fower Oke apples cut thorowe the middle, and the iuicc of fowerLimons ; put them all togither in a ftrong double glafte, fhakc them togither veric ftronglygetting the fame in the fnnne for the Dace of tenne daies: with which let the face be wafhed and bathed daily, fufrering it to drie of it felfe without wiping it away. This doth not onely hclpc Erie faces,but alfo taketh aw.ay lentils, (pots, morphevv, (unneburne, and all other deformities of the face. Of Wilde Cucumber . (fbap .3x7. & The defer if tion. T He wildeCucumbcr hath many fat hairie braunches,verie rough and ful ofiuicc,creeping or trailing vpon the ground; whereupon are fet verie rough Ieaues 5 hairie, (harpe pointed,and of an ouerworne grayifh greenecolour: from.thebofomeof'which, come foorthlong ten. dcr footcftalks: on the ends whereof do grow fmall flowers compofed of fine fmall leaues of a pale 1 . yellow 7 66 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ycllowc colour: after which commeth foorth the fruite of thebignesof the fmalcft pullets egge, but fbmewhat longer, verie rough andhairic on the outfidc, and of the colour and fubftance of the ftalkes, wherein is contained verie much water and fmall hard blackifh feedes alfo,of the bignes of tares 5 which being come to matiiritie or ripencs, itcafteth or fquirteth foorth his water with the feedes, either of it owne accord, or being touched with the moft tender or delicate handc ncucr fo gently, and oftentimes ftrikethlo hardcagainft thofe that touch it (efpecially if it chaunceto hit againft the face) that the place fmarteth long after 5 whereupon of fome it hath beene called Noli me tangcrc, Touch me not. The rootc is thicke,whitc, and long lafting.-the whole plant,as alfb the fruit, is verie bitter. CuttmU afininut. Wilde Cucumber. it Theplace. E * s found in moft of the hot countries, among rubbifh,grauell, and other vntilled places: it is planted in gardens in the lowe countries, and be¬ ing once planted, faith Dodonaus, iteafily com- meth vp againe many yeeres after (which is true) and yet faith he further, that it doth not fpring againe of the roote, but of the feedes fpirted or caft about: which may likewife be true where he hathobferued it,but in my garden it is otherwife, for asIfaidebcfore,therooteislonglafting, and continued! from yeere to yeere. it The time. It fpringeth vp in Maie, it flowreth and is ripe in Autumne,and is to be gathered at the fame time, to make that excellent compofition of called Elaterium. it The names. It is called in Greekc ewjtS.yv.ts : in Latine^re- JHs,znd Er ratiem Cucumii: in fhops Cucumer afmi - mu: in Italian Cocomer0 faluatico: in Spanifh Co- gtmbrillo amargo : in Englifh wilde Cucumber, fpirring Cucumbers, &Touchmenot:inFrench Concontbres fmuages. it The temperature . Theleaues.ofwild Cucumbers,rootes & their rindesas they are bitter in tafte; fothey be like¬ wife hot and clenfing.The iuicc is hot in the fecond degree,as Galen witnelleth, and of thin parts. It clenfeth and wafteth away. it Thevertues. The iuicc called Elaterium , doth purge foorth choler, flegme, and watery humours, and that with force,and not onely by ficge,but alfo by vomit. The quantitie that is to be taken at one time,is from fine graines to ten, according to the ftrength of the patient. q The mice dried or hardned, and the quantitie of halfe a fcruple taken, driueth foorth by fiege groffe flegme, cholericke humours, and preuaileth mightily againftthe dropfie, and fhortnes of breath. D The fame drawnc vp into the nofthrils mixed with a little milke, taketh away the rednes of the eies. g The iuicc ofthe rootc doth alfb purge flegme,cholericke and waterifh humours, and is good for the dropfie,but not of fuch force as Elaterium , which is made of the iuicc of the fruitethe making whereof I commend to the learned and curious apothecaries,among which number mafter William Wright in Bucklers Burie my louing friend,hath taken more paines in curious compofing of it , and hath HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 7 6 1 hath more exactly performed the fame then any other whatfocuer, that I hauehadany know-' Of Gtrull Cucumbers . Chap.^ 28. ledge of. 1 Cit ruiusoffcinarum . Citruii Cucumber. 2 Citrulus minor* Small Citrul. *k The description. T S Cltr « II .Cu c umber hath many long,flexible# tender ftalks,trailing voon the ground branched],kevntotheVtne.fetwithccrtainegreat leat.esdeepelycut,‘and verfmuch the endestfhe ’ “cT 8lvillch coinefoorth longclafpingtendrels,andalfotenderfootftalkes on the endes whereof do growe flowers ofagolde yellowe colonr: thefruireisfomewhat round " ftreakedor ribbed with cettaine deepe furrowes alongft the fame,of a nreene colour abone and™ v^r ath< ^K th K C fidc thac,l f th v P on t!le groutade fometfling white: thecutwarde skin whereof is P ,7 ^ m ?oth 5 th e ™eate within is indifferent hardc, more like to that of the Pompion then of the Cucumberormuske Melon: the pulpe wherein the feede lie*, is fpungie and of a flimie lub ‘ S Iong ’ flat ’ and greater tllen thofc of thc Cucumbers: the (hell or outward b^rte s blackith,fotnetiines of an ouerworne redd.fh colour. The fruite of the Citrull doth net fo eafily ^ “ d ° th 'a* Mc ’ 0n ’ wh,ch b“og gathered in a fairedryday,may be kept along tin/ r £T" d ‘,7 hC “ pe ° f ,y Vheate = as M * h ‘^ ^ith; but according to my pr a,'e you may keepe them much longer and better,in a heape of dry fande y yP L l„,l ° kln r de , of C , itruil dlfa 'h f'om *e former/auing that it is altogither lelTer and he leaues arenot fo deepely cut or iagged,whercin confifteth the deference. 8 J nri /->■ 1 he place and time. ,nd TriSl w/°^ pereth beft hot rcgions as in Sicil,a,Apulia,Calabria,and Sytia.about Alepo The n,5'i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i - I, if The Homes, The later Hcibarifts do call it Angurio: in fhops Citruluo , and Cucwnu Citrultu: in EnglilB Ci truls,Cucumber Citruls,and Pome Gitruls, and is knownc by the name of Semen Citruli or Citrul (cede. But if Cuctimis C/t ruins be fo called of the yellow colour of the Citron, then is the comtnoi Cucumber properly Cucwnu Ctfr#/#*, which is knownc vnto all to be contrarie. ii The temperatureondvertues. A The mcateorpulpeof Cucumer Citrullwhichisnext vnto thebarke is eaten rawc, but mori commonly boiled: itvceldeth to the body little nourifhtneht^ and the famecoldc;itingcndretl a warerifh bloud, mitigateth the extremitic of heatc of the inner parts, and tempereth the fharpe nes and feruent heat of cholcr: being rawc and helde in the mouth, it taketh away the roughnes o the toong in agues,and qucnchcth third. B The feeds arc ofiike facultie with thofe of Cucumbers. Of the mlde Citruli galled C olocynthis. ie The defeription. I Oloquintida hath been taken of many to be a kinde of the wildc Gourde, but not truely 1 it licth along creeping on the grounde as do the Cucumbers and Melons, comming nec reft of all to the Muske Melons, which in thefe daics of fomc Herbarifts is called Citrul Cucumber,but with the greater errour: It bringeth foorth vpon his long braunches finall crookec tcndrels like the Vine,and alfo very great broad leaues deepely cut or iagged: among which corn* foorth (mall flowers of a pale yeliowe colour;thcn commcth the fruite,rounde as a boule, coueree with a thinnerinde, of a yeliowe colour when it is ripe, which when it is pilled or pared off, the white pulpcor(pungiefubftance appeerethfullof feedes, of an ouerworne browne colour; the fruite HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 769 fruite fo pared or pilled, and dried for medicine 5 the which is mod; extreme bitter, and likewife the feede,and the whole plant it felfe in all his parts. 2 Trie feconde kinde of Coloquintida hath likewife many lor, g braunchcs and clafping tendrels, wherwith it taketh hold of fuch things as are neer vnro it. It bringeth foorth the like leaues,but not [o much iagged. The (lowers are fmall and yellow: the fruit is fafhioned like a peare,and the other fort rotinde,wherein the efpeciall difference confifleth. ft The place. Coloquintida is fowen and commeth to perfection in hot regions, but feldome, or ncucr in thefe northerly and cold countries. ft The time. It is fowen in the fpring and bringeth his fruite to perfection in Auguft. It hath beene diuers times deliuered vnto me for a truth that they do growe in the Sands of the Mediterranean fea fhore,or verie neer vnto it,wilde,for euctie man to gather that lift,efpecially on that fide of Barbaric , as alfo without the mouth of the Screights neere to Santta Crux a nd other places adiacent jfrom whence diuers Chirurgians of London that haue traueiled thither, for the curing of ficke and hurt men in the fhip 3 haue brought great quantities thereofat their returne. ft 7 he names. It is called of the ignorant Apothecaries Coloquintida: in Greeke • the Latine tranflators for Co/ocynt his do oftentimes fetdowne Cucurhita fylueflris: notwithftanding this differeth from Colocynthti, or Coloqitintidaifor Cucurhita fy ltie jins is called in Greek ZY.ohoy.Ma.dyU, or wilde Colo- quintida, whereof fhall befet foorth a peculiar Chapter next after the Cucurhita. or Gourde; in Englifh it is called Coloquintida,or apple of Coloquintida. # The temperature. Coloquintida as it is in his whole nature and in all his parts bitter,fo is it likewife hot and dry in the later ende of the fecond degree: and therefore it purgeth, clenfeth, openethand performeth all thofe things that mod bitter things do: but that the ftfonge qualitie which it hath to purge by the ftoole,is, as Galen faith, of more force then the reft ofhis operations. ^ The vertues. Which operation of purging it worketh fo violently,that it doth notonely draw foorth flegme andcholermarueilonsfpeedily, and in very great quantity: but oftentimes fetcheth foerth bloud and bloudic excrements,by fhauing the guts,and opening the endes of the meferaicall veines. So that therefore the fame is not to be vfed either raihly, or without fome dangerous and ex- g tremedifeafe conftraine thereunto : neitheryetat allvnlefTe fome tough and clammie thingbe mixed therewith,whereby the vehemencie thereof may be reprefted 3 the hurtfull force dulled, and the fame fpeedily palling through the belly, the guts be not fret nor fhaued. Mefues tcachethto mixe vvith it either Maftich,or gum Tragacanth. There be made of it Trochifes,or little flat cakes,with Maftich, gum Arabick, Tragacanth and £) Bdellium, of thefe, Maftich hath a manifeft binding qualitie; but tough and clammiethings are much better,which haue no aftri&ion at all in them,or very little. Forbyfuch binding or aftringent things, violent medicines being reftrained and bridled, doe JJ afeerwarde worke their operation with more violence and trouble : but fuch as hauenotbinding things mixed with them,do eafilier worke and with lefler paine , as be thofe pilles which Rhafis in his 9 .booke of tollman z,or,C2\\e.\h Ithaca , which are compounded of Coloquintida and Scamony, twoofthe ftrongeft medicines that are: and of a thirde called gumme Sagapene , which through his clamminesdoth as it were daube the entrailes and guts, anddefende them from theharme that might haue come of cither of them. The which compotition,although it be woonderful ftronge & not to be vfed without verv great p nccdfiti'* vrge thereunto,doth notwithftanding eafily purge, and without any great trouble, and with leffer torment,then moft of the mildeft and gentleft medicines which haue Maltich , & other things mixed with them that are aftringent. And for thiscaufeitis very like that Galen in his firft booke of medicines according to the p!a- Q ces atfe£ledj would not fuffer Maftich and Bdellium to be in the pilies,which are furnamed Cochia, the which notwithftanding his fchoolcmafter Quintus wasalfb woont before toadeje vnto the 'fame. • 1 . But Coloquintida is notonely good for purgations, in which it is aremedieforthediflinesor H Ccc 1 the ' 77 ^ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE the turning ficknes,the megrim,continual! headach,the apoplexie ,the falling ficknes., the fluffing of the lungs,the gnawings and gripings of the guts and entrailes, and other moft dangerous difca- fesjbut alio it doth outwardly worke his operations,which are not altogither to be reie&ed. I Common oile wherein the fame is boiled,is good againft the iinging in the cares ,and deafenes: the famekilicth and driueth foorth all maner of wormes of the belly, and doth oftentimes prouoke to the ftoole,if the naucll and bottome of the belly be therewith annointcd. K Being boiled in vineger,and the teeth wafhed therewithal is a remedie for the toothach 3 as Me* fttes teacheth. L The feede is very profitable to kecpe and preferuc dead bodies with jefpecially if Aloes and Myrrhe be mixed with it. M The white pulpe or fpungious pith taken in the waight of a fcruple, openeth the belly mightily, and purgeth grofte flcgme,and cholericke humours, N It hath the like force if it be boiled and laide to infufe in wine or alc,and giuen to drinke. O Being taken after the fame maner it profiteth the difeafes before remembred, that is the apo- plexie,falling ficknes,giddines of the head 3 the colicke 3 loofenes of finewes 3 and places out of ioinr 3 and all difeafes proceeding ofcolde. P For the fame purpofes it may be vfed in gliflers. CL The fame boiled in oile and applied with cotton or woolI 3 taketh away the paine of the He- morrhoides. R The deco&ion made in wine 3 and vfed as a fomentation or bathe 3 bringcth downe the defired ficknes. Of M.m\e zSM'elon^or <3V£iUion. Chap.^iy. it The hinges, HP Here be diuers fores of Melons found at this day 3 differing very notablie in fhape and propor- tion 3 as alio in tafte, according to the climate and countrie where they growe: but of the anci¬ ents there was onely one and no more 3 which is that Melopepo called of Galen Cucums, or Galens Cucumber; notwithftandingfomehaue comprehended the Muske Melons vnder the kinds of Ci- truls,wherein they haue greatly erred: for doubtleffe the Muskc Melon is a kite of Cucumber, according to the belt approoued authors. ic The defer ip ion. 1 Hat which the later Herbarifls do callMuske Melons, isTikc to the common Cucumber I in ftalkes,lying flat vpon the grounde 3 long 3 branched 3 and rough. 1 he leaues be much a like,yet arc they lefier,rounder 3 and not fo cornered :the flowers in like maner be yellower the finite is bigger 3 at the firll fomewhat hairie } fomthing long,now and then fomewhat round; of¬ tentimes greater 3 and many times Iefter: the barke or rinde is of an ouerworne ruflet greene colour, ribbed and furrowed very deepely 3 hauing often chappes or chinkes, and a confufed roughnes: the pulpe or inner fubflance which is to be eaten, is of a faint yellow colour. The mid¬ dle part whereof is full of aflimie moifturc 3 amongwhichis conteined the feede, likevntothofe of the Cucumber,but lefierjand of a browner colour., 2 The fiigar Melon hath long trailing ftalkes lying vpon the grounde, whereon are fetfmall clafping tendrels like thole of the Vine, and alfo leaues like vnto the common Cucumber, but of a greener colour: the finite commeth foorth among thole leaues, (landing vpon (lender foote- ftalkes, rounds as thefruiteof Coloquintidi, and of thefcme bignefle,of amoftpleafant taftelike Sugar;whereof it tooke the fumame Saccharatits, I Melt HiSTORlE OF PLANTS. 77* I Mclo 2 Melo SacchxriMM . The Mtiske Melon. - : Sugar Melon, 7?2 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ie The defeription. 3 The Fearcfafhioned Melon hath many long Viniebraunches, whereupon do grow cornered leaues like thofe of the Vine,and likewife great (lore of long tendrels, clafping and taking holde of each thing that it toucheth: the finite groweth vpon (lender footeftalkes, fafhioned like vnto a ' Peare,of the bignefte of a great Quince. 4 The Spanifh Melon bringeth foorth long trailing branches, whereon are fetbroade leaues (lightly indented about the edges .not deuided at all,as are all the reft of the Melons. The fruit gro¬ weth ncere vnto the ftalke, like vnto the common Pompion, very long, notcrefted or furrowed at all,but (potted with verymanyfuchmarkes hsareonthebackefide of the Harts toongleafe. The pulpe or meate is not fo pleaftng in taftc as the others. # The place. They delightin hotregions,notwithftanding I hauc feene at rhe Queencs houfe at Saint lames very many of the fir ft (ort ripe,through the diligent & curious nourifhing of them by a skilful Gen¬ tleman the keeper of the faid houfe, called Mailer Fovvle\ and in other places neere vnto the right Honorable, the Lord oi Suffex houfe of Berinondfeyby London, wherefrom yeereto ycere there is verie great plenty ,efpecially if the weather be any thing temperate. The time. They are fet or fowenin Aprill as I haue already fhewed in the Chapter oftCucumbers: their jfruite is ripe in the end of Auguft,and fom times fooner. & The names. The Muske Melon is called in Latine Mclo : in Italian Mellone : in Spanifh Melon ; in French Melons: in high Dutch SptlatUU * n lowe Dutch O^HcaiCIU in Grecke um\ov, which doth fig- nifie an apple ;and therefore thiskinde of Cucumber is more truely calledp?xo^W 3 or Melopepon , by reaion that Pepo hathithe (mell of an apple,whereto rhe fmell of this fruit is like; hauing withal! the (mell as it were of Muske: which for that cauie are alfo named Melones Mofchatelltni ,or Muske Melons. & The temperature . The meate ofthe Muske Melon,is very colde and moift. Thevertues. It is harder of digeftion then is any of the reft of Cucumbers:^ if it remaine long in the ftomack it putrifieth, andisoccafionof peftiient agues, which thing alfo 'Metiw witneflethin the firft booke of his Tetrables, writing that the vie of Cucumeres, or Cucumbers, breedeth peftiient fea- uers: for he alfo taketh Cuetmis to be that which is commonly called Melon: which is vfually eaten of the Italians and Spaniards, rather to reprefl'e the rage of luft, then any other Phificall vertue. g The ftede is oflike operation with that of the former Cucumber. Of zJvfelans, or c Pompions. Qhap. 330. *k 1 he kindes. T Here be founds diners kindes of Pompions which differ either in bignes or forme: it fhall be therefore (ufficient to defenbe fome one or two of them,and referre the reft vnto the viewe of their figures,whichmoftliueIy do exprefte their differences 5 efpecially bicaufe this volume vvax- eth great, the delcription of no moment,and I haften to an end. The defeription. I He great Melon or Pompion bringeth foorth thicke and rough prickly ftalkes,which with B their clafping tendrels take holde vpon fuch things that are neere vnto them,as poles,ar- bors,pales, and hedges,which vnlefte they were neere vnto them would creepealong vp¬ on the grounde: the leaues be wide and great, very rough, and cut with certainedeepe gafhes, nicked alfo on the edges like a favve : the flowers be very great like to a bell cuppe, of a ycl* lowe colour like golde, hauing flue corners (landing out like teeth: the fruite is great , thicke, rounde, HISTORIH OF PLANTS. 773 round, fct with thickc ribbes like edges (ticking foorth. Thepulpe or meate whereof which is next vndcr the rindeis white,and ofa meane hardnes: the pith or (ubitance in the middle is fpungie and flimic: the lcede is great, broade, flat,fomething white, much greater than that of the Cucumber, otherwife not differing at all in forme. The colour of the barke or rindeis oftentimes of anob- feure grecne,fbmetimes graie. The rinde of the greenc Pompion is harder, and as it were ofa woo- die fubifance: the rinde of the graie is fofter and tenderer. 2 Thefecondkindeof Melons is likevnto the former in (talkesandleaucs, and alfo in clafping tendrels: but the gafhes of thcleaucs are not Co deepe, and the (hikes be tenderer: the (lowers are in like manner ycllowe , gaping, and cornered at the top, as be thofe of the former: but the fruite is (omewhat rounder; fometimes greater,and manic times letter: and oftentimes of a green colour with an harder barke ; nowe and then fofter and whiter. The meate within is like the former : the feedes haue alfo the fame forme,but they be fomewhat ledcr. 1 Pepo maximus ok longue. The great long Pompion. a P epo mAxtmtu rotundtu. The great round Pompion. k The deferiptiox, } °* this there is alfo another Pompion likevnto the former in rough fhlks,and in gafhed and nicked leanest the flower is ado great and yellowe, like thofe of the others: the fruire is of a •? ncs 5 w hole barke is full of little bunnies or hillie welts, as is the rinde of the Citron, which is in like manner yellow when it is ripe. J 1 he fol!rch Pompion doth verie much differ from the others in forme: the ftalkcs, lcaues,and flowers are like thofe of the reft :but the fruite is not long or round, but altogither broade, and in a manner flat like vnto a fhield or buckler; thicker ifi the middle, thinner in the compadc, and curled or bumped m certame places about the edges , like the rugged or vneuen barke of the Pomecitron ; ne which nndc is vcnc fofc,thinnc, and white: the meate within is mcetely hard and durable. The ceue is greater than that of the common Cucumber,in forme and colour all one. Ccc $ i s ' ■ • 3 Pepo 7/4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Peponuxirnttscompreffut. 4 Pepomaximtts clypeat&$. The great flat bottom’d Pompion. The great buckler Pompion. 775 HH HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 7 Pepo IndiC W fuMgifamU,\ Mufhronli Pdmpion. I •i' The place. 0 -1 All thefe Melons or Pompions bee garden plants : they ioy heft in a fruitfull foile, and are common in England ; except the laft deferibed, which is as yet a ftranger. ie 7 be time. They are planted at the beginning of Aprill: they flower in Auguft: the fruite is ripe in Sep¬ tember. *The names. The Melon or Pompion is named in Greeke mTnof: inLatinelikewife Pepo. The fruites'of them al when they be ripe are called by a common name in Greekein Englifh Millions or Pompions. Whereupon cerraine Phifitionsfaith Ga/enhaue contended, that this fruit ought tobecalled mue. rr'Tmv, that is to fay in Latine, PepoCucumeralis , or Cucumber Pompion. P/iriy in his >» booke 5>chap- terwriterh, that Cucumercs when tbeyexceedein greatneffe, are named Pepones. It is called in high Dutch pit&eE ; in lowe Dutch * in French Pompons. •fc The temperature and vertues. All the Melons are of a cold nature, withplen- A tieofmoifiure : they haue a cerraine dealing qua- litie, by meancs whereof theyprouoke vrine, and do more fpeedily paflc through the bodie,than do either the Gourd, Citrull, or Cucumber, as Galen hath written. The pulpe of the Pompion is newer eaten raw,but boiled. For lb it doth more eafilv defeend, ma- B king the belly foluble. The nourifhment which commeth hereof is little, thin,moift andcoIde(bad, I faith Galen) and that efpecially whenitis notwell digefted: by reafon whereof it makethajnan apt and rcadie to fall into the difeafe called the Cholenke paflion,and of fome the Felonic, The feede clenfeth more than the meate, it prouoketh vrine, and is good for thofe that are trou- Q bled with the ft one of the kidneies. The fruit boiled in inilke and buttered, isnotonely a good wholcfome meate for mans bodie: D but being fo prepared, isalfoamoftphificall medicine forfuchas haue an hotflomacke, and the inward parts inflamed. The flefh or pulpe of the fame fliccd and fried in a pan with butter,is alfo a good and wholcfome E meate :but baked witlxapples in an ouen, it doth fill the bodie full of flatuous or windie belchings, and is tbodevtterly vnwholcfome forfuch as line idly but vnto robuftious and rufticke people, nothinghurteth that filleth the belly. Of Wilde Tompions. Chap.^i. # The defeription. 1 A S there is a wilde fort of Cucumbers, of Melons, Citruls and Gourds, fblikewifetherebe cerraine wildc Pompions, that be fo of their own nature. Thefe bring foorth rough ftalks, fet with fharp thorny prickles.Thc Ieaues be likewife rough: the flowers yellow as be thofe of the garden Melon, but euery part is Ieffer. The finite is thicke,round,and fharpe pointed, hauing a hard greenc rinde. The pulpe or meate whereof, and the middle pith, with the leede are like thofe I of the garden Pompion, but very bitter in tafle. 2 The fecond is like vnto the former,but it is altogither IefTcr, wherein con fillet h the difference. Ccc 4 i Pepo 77* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Tepo ntAtorfyluctttU. 2 Pepo minor fyhctfw. The great wilde Pompion. The fmali wilde Pompion. it The place. Thefe Melons do growe wilde in Barbarie, Africa, and moft partes of the eaft and weft Indies, They growe not in thefe partes,exceptthey be fowen. it The time. Their time of flowring and flourifhing ai Iwereth that of the garden Pompion. it 1 he names. Although the ancient Phificions hare made no mention of thefe plants, yet the thing itfclfe doth Blew, that there be fuch, and ought to be called in Greeke wsWe («ywi in Latme Pcpones fyh uejlres : in EngliBi wilde Melons or Pompions. it The temperature. Like as thefe wilde Melons be akogither of their owne nature very bitter, fo be they alfo of tem¬ perature hot and drie,and that in the latter end of the fecond degree. They hauc likewife a clenhng facultie,not inferior to the wilde Cucumbers. it 7 he vertices . A The wine, which when the pith and feede is taken foorth, is powred into the rinde, and hath re¬ mained fo long therein till fuch time as itbecommeth bitter, doth purge the belly, andbringeth foorth flegmatike and cholericke humors. To be briefe,theiuicehcereof is of the fame operation that the wilde Cucumber is of5 and being dried it maybe vfedin fleedcof ElaUnum, whichis the dried iuice of the wilde Cucumber. Of (gourdes. Chapel. i 1 Thek/ndes. T 1 Here be diners forts of Gourds,fome wilde, and others tame or of the garden; feme bringing ^ foorth fruite like vnto a bottle^othcrs Jong,bigger at one end,kceping no certaine forme or fa- fhionjfomc greater,others Idler. x Cucurbit* HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 77? I Cucurbit* anguina. . 2 Cucurbit a lag warts. Snakes Gourde. Bottle Gourdes. _ 1 np He Gourde bringeth foorth very long flalhs, as bethofe of the Vine,cornered and parted into diners branches, which with his clafpitig tendrels takethholdeand climethvp vpori fuch things that ftande neere vnto it: rhe leaues be very great,broad, and fharpe pointed, almoftasgreatasthofeottheCIoteBiirre, butfofter, and fomewhat couered as it were with a white freeze , as be alio the Aalksand branches, like thofe of the Manh Mallowe: the flowers be white,and growe foorth from the bofome of the leaues: in their places come vp the finite, which are not all of one fafhion; for oftentimes they haue the forme of flagons ,or bottles, with a great large belly,and 3 fmall neckc.The Gourd faith Plmic in his i^.booke 5.chapter, groweth into anie forme or fafhion that yon would haue it,either like vnto a wreathed dragon, the iegge of a man,or any other fhape according to the moulde wherein it is put whileft it is yoong; being buffered to cliinbe vpon an arbor where the fruite may hang , it hath beene feene to be nine foote long,by rea- fon of his great waight which hath Aretched it out to the length : the rinde when it is ripe, is verie hard, woody,and of a yellow colour: the meate or inner pulpe is white: the feede long, flat, poin¬ ted at the top,broade belowe, with two peakcs handing out like homes, white within, and fwecte in tafte. 2 The fecond differeth not from the precedent in ftalkes,leaues ,or flowers: the fruite heereof is for the moft part fafhioned like a bottle or flagon, whereinefpecially confiAeth the difference. & 7be place. The Gourds are cherifhed in the gardens of thefe cold regions, rather for pleafure then for pro¬ fit \ in the hot countries where they come to ripeneffe ,they are fometimes eaten(but with final! de¬ light) efpecially they arc kept for therindes, wherein they putTurpentine,Oile,Honie, and alfb feruc them for pailes to fetch water in, and many other the like vfes. * The 778 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE The time. They are planted in abed of horfe dung in Aprill,cucn as wehaue taught in the panting ofCu- eumbers: they dourifh in Iune and Inly; the finite is ripe in the end of Auguft. $e The names. The Gourde is called in GreekeKi/xWSaw^i: in Latine Cucurbit* edit Us , Cucurbit a fat in* ; of Pliny Cucurbita Camer aria, bicaufe it dimeth vp,andisacoueringforarbors and walking places and banquetting houtes in gardens: he calleth the other which climeth not vp, but lieth crawling on the ground z£ucurbitaplebeia : in Italian Zucca .* in Spanifh Calabazza ♦ in French Courge ; in high Dutch j^urh.0: in low Dutdi CaUtoOO^Dett t in Englifh Gourdes. The temperature. The mcate or inner pulpe of the Gourd is of temperature coldc and moib,and that in the fecond degree. & The vertues. A The iuice being dropped into the eares with oile of Rofes,is good for the paine thereofprocee- dingofahotcaute. B Thepulpeormeatemitigatethallhotfwellingsif itbclaide thereon inmaner ofapultis, and being vfed in this maner,it taketh away the headach and the inflammation of the eies. C The fame author affirmeth that a long Gourde, or elte a Cucumber being hide in the cradle or bed by the yoong infant whileft it is abeepcandhckeof anague, it ihall be very quickly made whole. D The pulpe aho is eaten fodden; but bicaute it hath in it a waterifti andthinne iuice, ityecle- deth fmall nourifhment to the body,and the fame cold and moiftjbut it eafily pabeth thorow,cfpe- cially being fodden, whichbyreafonofthc flipperincs and moiftnes alfo of his fubftance mollifi- eth the belly. E But being baked in an oucn,or fried in a panne, it Ioofeth the moft part ofhis natural! moifturc, and therefore it more (lowly deteendeth,and doth not mollifie the belly fo foone, F The feede alaieth the fharpnes of vrine,and bringeth downe the fame. Of the wilde (jourde. Chap.2^ # The defeription* 1 Here is befides the former ones,a certaine wilde Gourde: this is like the garden Gourde I inclimingftalkes,cla(pingtendrels 3 andfoftleaucs,andasit weredownie, all andcucrie one of which things being farre teller 5 this al(o climeth vpon arbors and banquetting houfes:thefruitc doth repretent the great bellied Gourde, and thote that be like vnto bottles in forme,but in bignes it is very far inferior; for it is fmall &fcarfe fo great as an ordinary Quincc,and may be held within the compalfe of amanshande : theoutwarde rindeat thefirftis grecnc,alter- wards it is as harde as woode, and of the colour thereof; the inner pulpe is moift and very full of iuice,in which lieth the feede: the whole is as bitter as Coloquintida, which hath made fo manic erroursjone efpecially in taking the fruit Coloquintida for the wilde Gourde. 1 The teconde wilde Gourde h^th Iikewite many trailing branches and clafping tendrels,where¬ with it taketh holde offuch things as be neere vnto it: the lcaucsbe broad, deepely cut into diuers te&ions, like thote ofthc Vine, loft and very downy, wherby it is efpecially known to be one of the Gourdes: the flowers be very white,as are alfo thote of the Gourdes: the fruite fucccedcth grow¬ ing to a rounde forme, flattc on the top like the head of a Mufhrome, whereof it tookc his fur- name,, 1 Cucurbita 119 ' HISTORIE OF PLANTS/ I Cucurbit a lagenaria fylusjlrif. Wilde bottle Gourde. 2 Cucurbit a fyluejlrii fungifomis. Mulhrome wilde Gourde. ft The place. They do groiv ofrhemfelues wilde in hot regions, they neucr come to perfe&ion of ripejies in thefc cold countries. ft The time. The time anlwercth thole of the garden. ft The names. The wilde Gourd is called in Greeke dy}*: in Latine Cucurbita fyluejlrisg>i wilde Gourd. Pltnie inhis 20. bookethirde Chapter, affirmeth that the wilde Gourde is named of the Grecians which is hollowe, an inch thicke, not growing but among (tones, the iuice whereof being chewed,is lingular good for the llomacke. But the wilde Gourd is not that which is fo defcribcd 5 for it is aboue an inch thicke, neither is it hollow, but full of iuice: and by reafon of the extreame bitternede,offenfiue to the llomacke. Some there be alfo that take this for Coloquintida, but they are farre deceiued. For Colccyn- this is the wilde Citrull Cucumber,whereof we haue intreated in the chap, of Citruls. ft The temperature. The wilde Gourde is as hot and drie as Coloquintida,that is to fay, in the lecon d degree. •fyThevertues. The wilde Gourd is extreme bitter, for which caufe it openeth and fcowreth the Hopped paffa* & ges of the bodie,it alio purgeth downwards ,as do wilde Melons. Moreouer, the wine which hath continued all night in this Gourd, doth likewife purge the belly B mightily,and bringeth forth cholericke and flegmaticke humors. Of r 780 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of ^Potatoes. Cbap.% 34 ..- Si fa, y nm T ermiiantynfiue Batata Bifanorum. s Potatus or Potatoes. 7 he defeription. His plant which is called of lome Sif&rtm £ Pemuianum , or Skyrrits of Peru, is gene¬ rally of vs called Potatusor Potatoes. It hath long rough flexible branches trailing vpon the grotmd,like vnto Pompions 5 whereupon are fet rough hairie leaues,very like vnto thofe of the wilde Cucumber. There is not any that hath written of this plant, or faide any thing of the flowers, therefore I refer the defeription thereof vnto rhofe that (hall heereaftcr haue further knowledge of the fame:yet haue I had in my gar¬ den diners roots that haue florifhed vnto the firft approch of winter. Si haue growen vnto a great length of branches, but they brought not foorth any flowers at all; 'whether bicaufe the winter caufedthemtoperifh before their time of flow- ring, or that they be of nature barren of flowers, I am not certaine. The rootes arc many, thicke, and knohbic, like vnto the rootes of Peionies,or rather ofthe white Afphodill, ioined togithcr at the top into one head, in manner of the Skyrrit, which being diuided into diuers parts and plan¬ ted, do make a great incrcafe, clpecially if the greateft rootes be cut into diuers gobbets, and! planted in good and fertill ground. ft The place. The Potatoes grow in India,Barbarie,Spaine, and other hotte regions, of which I planted diners rootes (that I bought at the exchange in Lon- don)in my garden,where they flourifhed vntill winter,at which time they perifhed and rotted. ft The time. It flourifheth vnto the end ofSeptember: at the firft approch of great frofts,the leaucs togithcr with the rootes and ft a ikes do perifh. ft The names, Clujm callcch it Eattata, Camotes, Amotes , and Ignanes: in Englifh Potatoes, Potatus, and Potades. ft 7 he nature. The leaucs of Potatoes are hot and drie, as may cuidcntly appeerc bythctaftc. The rootes are of a temperate qu alkie. ft Thevertues. A The Potatoe rootes are among the Spaniards, Italians, Indians, and many other nations com¬ mon and ordinarie meatc, which rio doubt arc of mightie nourii"hingparts,anddo ftrengthen and comfort nature,, whofe nutriment is as it were a meanc betweene flefh and fruit, though(omewhat windicj but being rofted in the embcrs,they do lofemuch of their windinefle,e(pecially being eaten lopped in wine. B Of thefe rootes may be made conftrues,no leffe toothlbmc,wholelome,and daintie,than of the flelh of Quinces. And like wife thefe comfortable and delicate meates,called in Ihops MorfclliSU - cental ,and diuers other fuch like. C Thele rootes may ferue as a ground or foundation, whereon the cunning confedioner or Sugar baker may worke and frame many comfortable delicateconftrues,and reftoratiue fweete meates. Thev HISTORIE OF PLANTS. They are vfed to be eaten rolled in the afhes; fome when they be lo lofted, infufe them, and fop D them in wine: an<f others to giuethem the greater grace in eating, do boile them with prunes,and fo eate them. And likewife others drefte them (being firft rofted) with oile, vineger and fait, euery man according to his owne tafte and liking: notwithftanding howfoeuer they be dreftcd, they comfort, nourifh,and ftrengthen' the bodie,procure bodily luft,and that with greedineftc. r’onr OHS c MAi.w ’i . , v OI .. • - . JVi,.i ■* Of Totatoes of Virginia> Qbap. 335 . 1 f ~y J f * f . < . * I Baft at a Virginian Afme VirginUm rum, dr Pappus, Potatoes 0 i Sr; t!T , . ’ ’ ^l^he defcriplion. : 0 ; D! $: b3jl< >t ‘ ... ^ ' L r 7 ^ V irginia Potatoes natfi in any" hollowe flexible branches, . trallingwppon the grounde, three fquare, vheuen, knotted or kneed in liindry places at certaine 'diftances ; frqnv tire which kitots commeth foorth one great Jcafc made of diners ieaues, lome final? lcr, & others greater, fee togither vpon a fat middle rib by couples 5 of a fwart gseene colour tending to rednes. The whole leafe rclcm- bling thofe of the Parlhep,in tafte at the firft like grafte, but after¬ ward fharp S nipping the toong: from the bolome of which Ieaues come foorth long rounde {lender footftalks, whereon do grow very faire and pleafant flowers, made of one entire whole lcafc, which is foldedor plaited in Inch ftrange fort, that it feemeth to be a flower made of fixe fundriefiflall Ieaues, which cannot eafily be perceiued, except the fame be pulled open. The colour whereof it is hard to exprefte. I he whole flower is of a light purple color, ftripped down the middle of euery folde or welt, with a light fhewofyellownes, as though purple and yellow were mixed togither: in the middle of the flower thrufteth foorth a thicke fat pointell, yellow as golde, withafinall fharpe greene pricke or point in the middell thereof. Thefruite fucceedeth the flowers, round as a ball, of the bignesof a little bullefte or wilde Plum, greene at the firft, andblacke when itis ripe; wherein is contained (mail white leede, letter than thole of Muftarde. The roote is thicke,fat, and tuberous; not much differing either in fhape, colour ortafte from the common Potatoes, failing thatthe rootes hereof are not fo great nor long; fome of them round as a ball, fome ouall or eggefafhion, fome longer, and others fhorter : which knobbie rootes are fattened vnto the ftalke’s with an infi¬ nite number of threddie firings. & The place. It groweth naturally in America where it was firft diicouered,as reporteth C.CkiJius$\s\Q<z which time I haue receiued rootes hereof from Virginia, otherwife called Norembega, which growe and prolper in my garden, as in their owne natiue countric. rkThe n8i THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE * 7 he time. Theleauesthruftfoorthof the ground in the beginning of May: the flowers budfoorthin Au- guft.The fruit is ripe in September. ft The names. The Indians do call this plant P&pus ( meaning the rootes) by which name alfo the common Po¬ tatoes are called in thofe Indian countries. We haue the name proper vnto it, mentioned in the ti¬ tle. Bicaufe it hath not onely the fhape and proportion of Potatoes, but aho the pleafant tafte and vertues of the fame,we may call it in Englifh Potatoes of America,or Virginia. #7 4 he temperature and vertues. The temperature and vertues are referred vntp the common Potatoes; being like wife a foode, as alfoameateforpleafure, equall in goodnefle and wholefcmnefle vnto the fame, being either rolled in the embers, or boiled and eaten with oiIe,vineger and pepper, or dreffed any other way by the hand of fome cunning in cookeric. Ofthe garden allow called Hollihocke. Chap .^ 6 . ft The krndes. T Here be diuers fortes or kindcsof Mallowes; fome of the garden: there be alio fome of the marfh or fea there; others of the field, and both >vilde. And firft of the garden Mallowe or Hollihocke. I Malua hortenjis. 2 CMalua rofeaJimplexperegrina. Single garden Hollihocke. lagged ftrange Hollihocke. ft T‘he description. 1 4 “T a * He tame or garden Mallow bringerh foorth broad round leaues of a whitifb greene co- I lour,rough and greater than tho e ofrhe wild Mallow.The ftalke is ftraight,of the height of lower or fixe cubits; whereon doe growe vpon flender footeftalkes Angle flowers. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 783 not much vnlike to the wilde Mallow ,but grcater 3 confifting onely or Hue Ieaues,fometimes white3 or rcdjnow and then of a deepe purple colour,varying diuerfly as nature lift to play with it: in their places growethvp a round knop like a little cake 3 compactor made vp of a multitude of flat feedes like little cheefes.The roote is long,white 3 tough 3 eaftly bowed,and groweth deepe in the ground. 2 The fecond being a ftrange kind of Hollihock 0 hath likewife broad Ieaues 3 rough and hoarie 3 or of an ouerworne ruftet colour, cut into diuers fedions euen to the middle rib, like thole of Palma Chrifti. The flowers are very flngle 3 but of a perfed red colour, wherein confifteth the greateft ditfercnce. 3 Mdua purpurea, multiplex. 4 Mdunhortenfs multiplici flore. Double purple Holiihocke. Double Scarlet Hollihocke. 'kThe defer iption. 3 The double Hollihocke with purple flowers hath great broade Ieaues 3 confiifedly indented about theedges 3 and like wile toothed like a fa we. The ftalke groweth to the height of fewer or flue cubits.The flowers are doubIc 3 and of a bright purple colour. 4 The garden Hollihocke with double flowers of the colour of fcarlet, groweth to the height of nue or fixe cubites 3 hauing many broad Ieaues cut about the edges. The ftalke and roote is like the precedent. : ♦ |5 The tree Mallow islikewife one of the Hollihocks’jit bringeth forth a great ftalke of the height otter, or twelue foote, growing to the forme of a ftn'all tree, whereon are placed diuers great broad Ieaues of a ruflet green colour, not vnlike to thofeof the great Clote Burre Docke, deepely inden¬ ted about the edges. The flowers are very great and double as the greateft Rofe,or double Peionie. 0 a ^ep red colour tending to blacknefte, Thcrooteis great, thick, and of a woodieiubftance, a< :s tile reft ©f the plant. - r i ! 5 Alain* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 7 S 4 The place. Thcfe Hoilihockcs are fbwen in gardens, al- moft cuery where, and are in vaine fought for elfe where. i & The time. The feccnde ycere after they are fowen they bring foorth their flowers in Iulyand Auguft, when the feede is ripe the ftalke withereth^ the roote remaineth and fendeth foorth new ftalkes, leaues and flowers,many yeeres after. * The names. The Holiihockc is called in Greeke ,(****%, of diuers Rofa vltramarina , or outlandifhRofe, and Rofa hyemalis y oi winter Rofe.And this is thatRofc which plmy in his 2 i.booke 4. chapter writeth to haue the ftalke of a Mallowe, and the leaues of a potherbe, which they call Mofeuton.: in high Dutch Marten pappefn: in lowe Dutch otiu* ter B.OOfeiU inFrench Rofe dl outre mer: inEn- glifh Hollihocke,and Hockes. ' The temperature. The Hollihocke is meetely hot, and alfo moift, but not fo much as the wildeMallowe: it hath Ukewife aclammie fubftance, which is more ma- nifeffc in the feede and roote, then in any other part. Thevertues. The dccodhon of the flowers, efpccially thofe of the red colour, doth ftoppe the ouermuch flowing of the monthly courfes, if they be boyled in red wine. £ The rootes,leaues,and fecdes ferue for all thole things for which the wilde Mallowes do, which are more commonly and familiarly vied. Ofthe Toilde Ad allow * Chapqyj. $e Thedefcription. 1 »—r-« He wilde Mallowe hath broade leaues fomcwhat rounde and cornered, nickt about the edges, fmooth, and greene of colour: among which rife vp many Render tough ftalkes, clad with the like leaues,but fmaller. The flowers growe vpon little footeftalks of a red- difh colour mixed with purple ftrakes, fafhioned like a bell: after which commeth vpaknap or round button,like vnto a flat cake,compa6lojfmanyfmallfcedes. The roote is white, tough,and ful of a flimie iuice,as is all the reft of the plant. , C; , , / '. lV -. 2 The dwarfe wilde Mallowe creepeth vpon the grounde: the ftalkes are Render and weake, yec tough and flexible. The leaues betounder, and more hoarie then the other. The flowers are finall *md ofa white colour. The roote and feede is like the precedent. I Malm Malm arborea ffore nigra multiplies. Tree Hollihocke with double flowers. A 7 s 5 HISTOIUE OF PLANTS. I MaluA fylutftrit. 2 Maltm fylaeflrk pwniU. The fielrlc Mallowe. The wilde dwarfe Mallowe. 3 MaluacnfpA. 4 Afaluit verkcnxca. The French curled Mallowe, Veruaine Mallowe. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE re The defcrtption. The crifpe or curled Mallowe, called of thevulgar fort French Mallowes , hath many {mail vp right Aalkcs, growing to the height of a cubirc, andfometimes higher; whereon do growe broadi leaues fomewhat round & fmooth,of a light greene colour, plaited or curled about the brims like ; ruffe The flowers be fmall and white. I he roote perifheth when it hath perfected his feede. 4 The veruaine Ivlallowe h ath many ftraight (talks,whereon do grow e diners leaues deepely cut and iagged euen to the middle rib, notvnlike to the leaues of Veruaine, whereofit tooke his name among which come foorthfaire and pleafant flowers like vnto thofe of the common Mallowe it forme,but of a more bright red colour,mixed with {tripes ofpurplc, which fetteth foorth the beau tie.Thc roote is thicke and continued! many veercs. & The place. The two firft Mallo wes growe in vntoiled places among potherbes, by high waies ,and the hot dersoffieldes. The French Mallowe is an excellent potherbe,for the which caufe it is fowen in gardens, and i not to be found wilde that I know of. The Veruaine Mallowe groweth not euery where 5 it groweth by the ditch fides, on the left ham of the place of execution by London,called Tyborne: alfo in a fieldc neere vnto a village fourteen! miles from London called Buihey, on the backfide of a gentlemans houfc named matter Rober lVy/braham$\ikewifc among the bufnes and hedges as you go from London to a bathing place cal led the Old Foorde; and in the bufhes as. you go to Hackney a village by London in the clofe: next the towne, and diuers other places , as at Baffingburne in HartfordiBire three miles fron Roifton. „ The time. Thcfe wilde Mallowes do flower from Iune till fommer be well (pent: inthemcane time theii ieede alfo waxeth 1 ipc. The names. The wilde Mallowe is called in Latine Mala a fylue (Iris'- in Greeke«Wf, as though they fhouldi fay a mitigator ofpaine: of fome Oflriaca : in high Dutch pappdtt f in lowe Dutch ant 3 Si£effcentfCCUftJ in Englith Mallowe. The Veruaine Mallowe is called of Dio/corides Alee a: in Greekc alfo«VJ«, of fome Herb a Hunga- rica, and HcrbaSimcotm, or Simons Mallowe: in Englifh Veruaine Mallowe and cut Mallowe. The name of this herb cMalua, feemethtocome from the Hebrewes,whocallitin their toon^ mHo, m illuach, of the faltnefle, bicaufe the Mallowe groweth in falcifh and olde ruinous places, a: dunghils and fuch like, which in moft abundant mancr yeeldeth forth faltpeter & fuchlikc matter for nSa. rJWelach fignifieth fait as the learned knowe: I am perfwaded that the Latine worde MaIua commeth from the Chaldee name Mallttcha , the gutturall letter n, ch , being left out for gooc loundes fake: fo that it were better in this word Malna to read u as a vowel!, then as a confonant which wordes are vttered by the learned dotflor Rabbi DiuidKimhifii feeme to carrie a great (hew of truth .-in Englifh it is callcd*Mallowe, which name commeth fo neere as may be to the Hebrew* worde. & The temperature. The wilde Mallowes haue acertaine moderate and middle heate,and moiftnes withall: the iuict thereof is flimie,clam.mic, or gluing, the which are to be preferred before the garden Mallowe oi Holiihocke, as Diphilrts Siphinm in Athcn^us doth rightly thinke, who plainly fheweth, that th< wilde Mallowe is better then that of the garden .-although fome do preferre the Holiihocke, wher unto we may not confent,rieitheryctyeeId vnto Galen, who is partly of thatminde, yet (landed: he doubtfull: for the wilde Mallowe without controuerfie isfittertobe eaten, and morepleafani then thofe ofthe garden, except the French Mallowe, which is generally holden for thewhole fome ft, an d among the potherbes not the lead commended by Hefiodm of whole opinion was Ho race , writing in hisfeconde Ode of his Epodon , - & graui Maltu filubres corpori. If that ofhealth vou haue any fpeciall care, Vfe French Mallowes that to the body holfomeare. The Mallow faith Galen dothnourifli moderately; ingendreth grofle blonde rkeepeth the bodic fbIublc,and Ioofeth the belly that is bound. It eafily defccndethnotonelybicaufeitismoifl, bui alfo by reafon it is flimre. •k The vertues. A The leaues of Mallowes are good again A the flinging of fcorpions,bees, wafpes, and Rich like • —" i- 1 - - , . • and HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 787 and if a man be firft anncinted with the leauesftamped with a little oile, he fhall not be ftung at all as Dtofcorides faith. The dcco&ionofMallowes with their rootes drunken, are good againft all venome and poifon, B if it be incontinently taken after the poifon,fo that it be vomited vp againe. r The leanes ofMallowes boiled till they be foft and appIied,domo]lifietumours and hardefvvel- C lings of the mother,if they do withal! fit ouer the fume thereof,and bathe themfelues therewith. Thedccodion vied in , gliftersis'goodagainft the roughnevand fretting of the guts, bladder, D and fundament. The rootes oftheVeruaine Mallowe do healc the b ;>udie fiixe and inward burftfiigs, if they be E drunke with wine and vvate r,as D/oJ corides and Pauiv; A Egineti teftifie. Of Marjhe Mallorte. Cbap.^%. $ T he khides. Therebe diners forts ofMarfh Mallowes^diifering very notably as fhall be declared* 'the defeription. 1 TV \ ArfhMalloweisaHoacertainckindeof wilde Mallowe: it hath broade leaues, finallro- J^VX war ^ the point,foft, white,and freezed or cottoned, and {lightly nicked about the edges: the ftalkes be rounde and ftraight, three or fowerfoote high, ofawhitifh graic colour: whereon do grow flowers like vnto thole of the wilde Mallowes , yet not red as they are,but com¬ monly whitepr of a very light purple colour out of a white; rl ic knoppe or round button wherein D d d 2 the 788 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE the feedes lie,is like that of the nrft wilde Mallowe. The roote is thicke, tough, white within, and containeth in it a clammie and ilimie iuice. 2 ThisftrangekindeofMalloweisholdenamongft the beft writers to be a kindeof marfh Mal- lowc: fome excellent in Herbarifme, haue fet it downe for Sida Theophrajli, whereuntoit fully an- ‘ fwereth; it hath (hikes two cubits high,whereon are fet without ordennany broade leaues, hoarie ' andvvhitifli,notvnliketothofeofthe other marfh Mallow, of a purple colour tending torednes, thatisof a Citrine colour, orthecolour of the Pomgranate flowers : after which there come round bladders of a pale colour,in diape like the fruitc or feed veflels of round ^irifiochix^ox Birth woort,wherein is conteined round blacke (eede. The roote is thicke and tough, much like thole of the common Mallovve. 3 Althea arborejcens. 4 A'th<eafiutexClufii, TreeMaliowe. ^ Shrubbed Mallowe. The defer iption* ? This wilde Mallow is likewife referred vnro thofe of the rrhirfh Mallow, called generally by the name of o'd/'h^which groweth to the forme ofa fluall hedge tree,approching neerer to the fub- fhnee or nature of woode then any of the other, wherewith the people ofOibia and Narbone in IFraunce do make hedges, to feuer or diuide their gardens & vineyards ( eucn as we do with quick- lets of priuec or thorne) which continued! long: the (hike whereof groweth vprighr,very high, eomming neere to the Willowe in vvoodinelfe and fubflancc. The flowers grow alongft the fame, in fadiion and colour of the common wilde Mallowe. 4 The fhrnbbie Mallowe rileth vp like vnto a hedge bufb,and of a woodiefubftance, diuiding it felfqdnto diners tough and limber branches, couered with a barke of thccolour of allies , where¬ upon doegrowe rounde pointed leaues, fomewhat nickt about the edges, very (oft, not vnlike to thofe of the common marfh : v> allow, and ofan ouerworne hoarie colour; the flowers do growcat the top of the (hikes , of a purple colour, confiding of fine lcaties,very like to the common wilde Mallowe.and the feedc of the marfh Mallowe. We “J / HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 789 We haue another fort of Mallow called of Pena F rut ico/Jar Fentaphylhtfolio 3 itbringeth foorth in my garden many twiggie braunches, fet vponftiffe fta'kes, of the bignes of amansthombe, growing to the height of ten or tweluc foote : whereupon are fet very many leaues deepe- lycur, euen to the middle ribbe, like vnto the leaues of Hempe, or rather thole of theredde Cinqucfoile,calIed Pent aphy llum rubrum, whereof it tooke this additament PentaphylU : the flowers and feeds are like vnto the common Mallow :the rooteis exceeding great^iiicke, and of a woodie fubftance. , _ *The place. The common marfh Mallowe groweth very plentifully in the liiarflies, both on the Kentifh and Eflex fhore alongft the riuer of Thames,about Woolwich, Erith, Greenehyth, Grauefend, .Tilburie, Lee, Colchefter, Harwich, and inmoftfalt marfhes about London; being planted in gardens it profpereth well,and continueth long. The fecond groweth iathemoift and fennie grounds of Ferraria, betweene Padua in Italic and the riuer Endanu*^ Athenaus alleaging Theophrajlu* fheweth that it groweth in the lake Orchome - where their cattle feedeon the branches therof,&: the fwineon the tender buds: Tbeophraftw fheweth that three things dogrowein this lake, Sida , Boutomon,phleon is, water L\\Y\c iaie fome authors (making this kinde ofmarfh Mallowe, a kinde of wa ter Lillie) Reede Grafle,and Cats taile,or Reede Mace. The others are ftrangers likewife in England,notwithftanding at the impreflion hcereof, I haue fowen fome feedes of them in my garden,expeding the fuccefle.. . .. * 7 be time. They flower and flourifh in Inly and Auguft; the roote fpringeth foorth a frefh euery yeere in the beginning of March,which are then to be gathcred,or in September, ' # The names. The common marfh Mallowe is called in Greeke A* 9 eT*, and theLatines retainc the names Althaa, and ibtfcue: in fhops Bifmalua, and Maluauijcw , as though they fhoulde faie, Malua. ibifitu: in high Dutch Ifrlfd) t in lowe Diitch OTttte 0 ?altltue> and : in Italian and Spanifh c Jltaluavifco: in French Guimaulue : in EngMfh marfh Mallow, moorifh Mallowe, and white Mallowe. •• ' The fecond marfh Mallow is called of of the Greeke worde sk/v>,by reafon that the flower thereof is like, or of thecolourof B ala uft turn, ot the. flowers of Pomegranates. The reft of the Mallowes retaine the names exprefled in their feuerall titles. J?. The temperature. Marfh Mallowe is moderately hot, but drier then the other Mallowes: the rootes and feedes heercofare more drie,and of thinner parts,as Galen writeth; and likewife of a digefting,foftning,oi: mollifying nature. it Thevertues. The leaues of marfh Mallowe areofpowertodigcft,ftacken, to mittigate paine, and to con A COd. • . They be with good effed mixed with fomentations andpultefes againft paine of thefides, cf B the ftone,and of the bladder3 in a bath alio they feme to take away any maner of paine. The decodion of the leaues drunke doth the fame, which alfo doth not one'y afiwage paine, C which proceeded! of the ftone, but alfo is verie good tocaufe the fame to defeende more eaflly, and to pafte foorth. The rootes and feeds are profitable for the fame purpofe: moreouer the decodion of the rootes D helped! the bloudie flixe,yet not by any binding qualitie, but by mitigating the gripings and fret- tings thereof: for they do not binde at all, although Galen otherwife thought; but they cure the bloudie flixe,by hauing things added vnto them,as the rootes of Eeflort ,called Patiencc,Tormen- till,the flowers and rindes of Pomegranates,and fuch like. The mucilage or flimie iuice of the rootes, is mixed very effedually with all oiles, ointments, E and plaiftcrs that flacken and mitigate paine. The rootes boiled in wine,and the decodion giuen to drinke, expelleth the ftone and grauell,F helpeth the bloudie flixe, fciatica,crampes,and conuulfions. The roots of marfh Mallowes,the leaues of comon mallowes,and the leaues ofviolets,boiled in G water vncil they be very foft,& that litle water that is left drained away, ftamped in aftonemorter, Ddd 3 adding ! . qn. . . 7 ?o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE adding thereto acertaine quantitic of Fenugreekc, and Linefeedein powder; the roote bf j| ]e blackc Bryonie,and fome good quan titie of Barrowes greafe,{lamped altogither to the forme ofa pultis, and applied very warme; itmollifiethand foftneth apoftemes and hard fwelliiigs;fwellings in the ioints, and fores of the mother: it confiimctli all colde tumouis,blaftings, & windie outpro- ings;itcureththe riftes of the fundament; it comfortcth, defender h, attd preferueth dangerous greene wounds from any maner of accidents that may happen therto;it helpeth digeftiofi in them and bringeth old vlcers to maturation. The feedes dried and beaten into powder and giuento drinke , ftoppeth the bloudie flixe and lasfkeland all other iilues of bloud. ■ L ' f. ... ... ; . ' ' •. • ( r\ v. . , K T ,T Of the yellow Mallowe. Chappy. :s r: ji -X r;oodi s Althaalutea . Yellow Mallowe. he defeription. He yellowe Mallowe rifeth vp with a round ftalke, fomething hard or wood- die,three or fower cubits high, cotiered with broade leaues fomthing rounde, but fharpe pointed ,White,foft, fet with very fine haireslike to the leaues of Gourds,hanging vpon long ten¬ der footftalks; from the bofome of which leaues come foorth yellow flowers, not vnlike to thofe of the common Mallowe in forme: the- knops or n. feede veflels areblacke, crooked or wrinckled, maefe «p of many final! cods, in which is blackc feede: the roote is finall, and dieth when it hath perfedfed his feede. ie The place. The feede heereof is brought/vnto vs from Spaine and Italy, we do yeerely fowc it in our gardens,tire which feldhmeor neucr doth bring his feede to ripenes;by,reafon whereof, we are to feeke for nevvc feedes againft the next ycere. T - *<■ The time. It is fowen in the midft of Apriil, it bringeth foorth his flowers in September. • • “r, « A ieThemmes, It is called ^buttlon, whereunto that agreeth which \sfutcen writeth to be like the Gourd, that is to fay in leafe, and to be named K^ihutilon ,and LArhlutilon :diners take it to be tha VsTlthaa or mar(h Mallowe, vnto which Tbeophrafeus in his 9. booke of the Hiftorie of Plants doth attribute Florem or a yellow flower : for the flower of the common marfh Mallowe is not yellowe, but white; yet may Theophratfus his copie, which in diners places is faultie,and hath many emptie and vnwritten places, be alfo faultie in this place; therefore it is hard to faie, that this is Theophraftus marfh MalLowe, efpecially feeing that Theophraflus feemeth alfo to attribute vnto the roote of marfh Mallowe fo much flime, as that wa¬ ter may be thickned therewith,which the rootes of commonmarfh Mallowe can very well do: but the roote of Ahutilon or yellowe Mallowe not at all: it may be called in Englifh yellow Mallowe, and Am certs Mallow. & The temperature. The temperature of this Mallow is referred vnto the tree mallow. ; • ' ' icThe HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 79 i -fr The vertues. ^yfutcen faith that ^Abutilon or yellow Mallow,is helde to be good for grcene wounds,and doth A prefently glew togither,and perfe&ly cure the fame. The (cede drunkc in wine preuaileth mightily againft the (tone. B Ecrmrdus Paludamts of Anchufe, reporteth that theTurkes dodrinke the leede to prouoke C fleepeandrclt. Of Venice allege>oir Cjoodnigbt at noone . Chap.y j.o. The dejcrtytion. i y I *nr H He Venice Mallow rifeth vp with long, rounde , feeble (hikes, whereon are fetvpon long (lender footeftalkes,broade lagged leaues,deepely cut eucn to the middle ribbe : among which come foorth very pleafant and beautifull flowers, in fhapelike thofeof the com¬ mon Mallowe,fomthing white, dafht oner with a thinne wadi of purple; in the middle of which flower ftandeth foorthaknap or peftell as yellow asgoldc: it opcneth it felfe about eight of the clocke, and fhutteth vp againe at nine, when it hath receiuedthebcamesof thefunne, whereon itfliouldleemetorefufe to Iooke, whereupon it might more properly be called UWalua kordria-y or the Mallow of an bower, which Columella, feemeth to call ^Molocken in his verfe: . Et Moloch eJPronofequitur qu& vert ice folem. The Venice Mallowes moft braue and gallant flower Through heate of fame (brings j(huts 3 and dies in an hower. D d d 4 Quid 792 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE/ Quid fbcaking of Adorn flower,is thoughtto deferibe^m^or Windflower,in the io.booke of his Metamorphofis, which we rather deeme to be this quicke fading JSjallowe 5 for it iseuident, that Adonis flower and all chofe vnder the title of Winde flowers, lafte moe then one day, but this is Co fraile,that it lafteth fcarce one hower,his words are thefe: -— Sicfata. CTHorem Neff are odor at 0 (parfit, qm taffus ab illo Intumuit ficnt , drc. In Englifh thus: This faide, fhe fprinckled Neffar on the blood, which through the power Thereofdid fwelllike bubbles fheere,that rife in weather cleere On water. And before that fullanhower expired were, Of all our colour with the blond a flower fhe there did finde, Euen like a flower of that fame tree, whole fruite in tender rinde Haue pleafant graines inclofd. Howbeit the vie of them is fliort. For why the leaues do hang fo loofe through lightnes in fuch fort, As that the winde,that ail things pearce, with euery little blaft Doth fhake them off, and died them fb,as long they cannot laft. Biw of Smyrna an ancient Poet.in^i^ Epitaph faith, that the Windflower fprang of Venttt teares,whileft fhe was weeping for Adonis^ but doubtles the plant was miftaken by the Poet, con- fidering the fragilitie of the flower,and the matter wherof it fprang, that is,rhe teares of a woman, which laft not long,as this flower called Flos hora,o>\. the flower ofan hower. The feedis conteined in thicke rough bladders,wherupon Dodonxws called it Alee a veficaria^ within thefe bladders or feed veffcls are conteyned blacke feede,not vnhketo thole of Nigella Rom.ma. The roote is finall and tender,and perifheth when the feede is ripe, and muft be increafed by newe and yeerely lowing of the fcede,carefully referued. 2 Thorne Mallow rifeth vp with one vpright ftalke of two cubits high, diuiding it felfe into di¬ ners branches; whereupon are placed leaues deepely cut to the middle rib, and likewife fnipr about the edges like a fawe,in tafte like Sorel!: the flowers for the tnoft part thruft foorth of the trunkc or body of the fmali ftalke,compad: of fiue fmall leaues ,of a ycllowifh colour; the middle part wher¬ of is of a purple tending to rednefle jthe huske or cod wherin the flower doth ftand, is fet or armed with fharpe thornes: the root is fmall, Angle,and moft impatient of our cold clymatc,in fo much that when I had with great induftrie nourifhed vp fome plants from the feede, and kept them vnto ’ themiddeftofMaie 5 notwithstanding onccolde nightchauncing among many, hath deftroied them all. A The-place. The ftfedes heerof bane beene brought out of Spaine and other hot countries. The firft profpe- reth well in my garden from yeere to yecre. At The time. • Jhey are to be fowen in the moft fertilleft grounde and funnie places of the garden, in the be¬ ginning of Maic,or in the end of Aprill. Ac The names. Their names haue beene fiifficiently touched in their feuerall deferiptions. The firft may becal- led in Englifh Venice Mallowe, Good night at nine in the forenoone, or the Mallow flowring but an hower,of Mathiolm it is called Hypecoonyot Rue Poppie,but vnproperlv. At The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. m ^ The temperature an Avert ties. There is a certaine clammie iuice in the Ieaues'of the Venice Mallowe, whereupon it is thought to come neere vnro the temperature of the common Mallowe, and to be of a mollifying faculties but his vfe mPhificke is not yetknowne,and therefore can there be no certainty affirmed. Of Cranes bill. Cbap.^i. T # The kinoes. Here be many kindes of Cranes bill, whereof two were knowne to Dioftcrides , one with the knobby roote, the other with the Mallowe leafe. Geranium Columhinum. Doues foote,or Cranes bill. D Trie defeription. Oues foote hath manie hairie ftalks, trailing or leaning towarde the groundc, of a brow- # nifh colour, fomewhat kneede cr iointed; whereupon do grow rough leaues of an ouerworne greene colour,rounde, cut about the edges,and like vnto thole of the common Mallow: amon^ which come foorth the flowers of a bright purple co¬ lour: after which is the feedefet togither like the head and bill of a birde, whereupon it was called Cranes bill, or Storkes bill, as are alfb all the other of hiskinde. The roote is (lender with fome fibres annexed thereto. •k 7 heplace. It is found neere to common high waies, defert places, vntilledgrounds, and efpecially vponmud wais almoft euerie where. The time. it fpringeth vpin March and Aprill: fiowreth in May,and bringeth his feede to ripenes in lime. k The names. It is commonly called in Latine Pes Columbinm ? in high Durch fil'ilUt t in lowe Dutch iDU*; UClt iJCCtiinFrench Piedde Pigeon: hecreup- on it may be called Geranium Columhinum: inEn- glilh Doue s foote, and Pigeons foote: of Thofcori - des Geranium alterump{ fome Pitlmonia and Gnuna . k The temperature. Doues foote is cold and fomewhat drie, with fome artri&ion or binding, hailing power to foder or ioine togither. * J kThe vertues. It feemeth,faith my author,to be good for greene and bleeding woundes,and aflwageth inflam- A mations or hot fwcllings. The herbe ^nd rootes dried,beaten into mod fine powder, and giuen halfe a fpooncfull farting, B and the like quantitie to bedwards in red wine^or olde claret,for the lpace of one and twenty daies togither; cureth miraculoufly ruptures or burftings, as my felfe haue often prooued,wherby I haue gotten crownes and credite: if the ruptures be in aged perfons, it fhall be needfull to addc thereto the powder of red fnail s(thofe without fhels)dried in an ouen, in number nine, which fortifieth the herbes in fuch fort,that it neuer faileth,although the rupture be great and of long continuance: it likewife profiteth much thofe that are wounded into the body, & the deco&ion of the herbe made in winejpreuaileth mightily in healing inward wounds^as my felfe haue likewife prooued. Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Herbe ‘Robert. Chap.y j.z, G cranium Robey tianum•» Herbe Robert. > "k The defeription. T_T Erbe Robert bringeth foorth (lender, weake, -*• and brittle (hikes , foniewhat hairie , and of a reddifh colour, as are oftentimes the Ieaues al(o, which are iagged and deepely cut, like vnto thofe of Cheruile, of a mod loth (b me (finking fmell. The Bowers are of a mod bright purple co¬ lour; which being pad,there follow certaine fmall heads 3 with (harpe beakes or bils of birds: the root is very (mall and threddie, '& The place. Herbe Robert groweth vpon oldwaIs 5 as well thofe made ofbricke and done, as thofe of mudde or earth: it groweth likewile among rubbifh 3 in the bodies of trees that are cut downe, andinmoift and (hadowie ditch banks. 7 he time. It flowreth from Aprill till fommer be almoft fpent: the herbe is greene in winter al(b,8<: is hard¬ ly hurt with colde. ie The names. It is called in high Dutch ftraut J in low Dutch BOb?C£f)t0 and thereupon it is named in Latine Ruberta^ and Robert i Her ha: Ru- ellius calleth it Robertiana, and we Robert amm ; of Taber Mont&nut, Rupertiamm: in Englifh Herbe Robert. He that conferreth this Cranes bill with Diofcorides his thirds Sidentis f ball plainly per- ceiue 3 that they are both one, and that this is mod apparently Siderttis 3. Diofcoridis j for Diojco- rides (etteth downe three Sideritides , one with the Ieafe of Horehoupd 5 the next with the Jeafe of Fearnej and the thirde groweth in walsandvincyardes : thenatiue (bile of Herbe Robert agree thereunto,and likewife the leaues 3 being like vnto Cheiuile,and not vnlike to thole of Corianders 3 according to Diofcorides defeription. The temperature . Herbe Robert is of temperature (omewhat colde: but yet both (cowringand (bmwhat binding, participating of mixt faculties. & The vertues. It is good for wounds and vlcers ofthe dugges and fecret parts 5 it is thoughtto danch bloude, which thing Diofcorides doth attribute to his thirde Sidenti*: the vertueof this (faith he) is applied £0 heale vp bloudy woundes. Of knobbed Qranes bill . Chap . 34.3. The defeription. His kinde of Cranes bill hath many flexible branches, weake and tender 3 fat and full cf moi- dure,whereon are placed very great Ieaues, cut into diuers fmall fedions or diui(ions,re(em- bling the Ieaues of the tuberous o dnemone, or Windflower , but (omewhat greater, of an ouerworne greenifh colour; among which come foorth long footedalkes, whereon do grow faire flowers. ; -HIST O R I E OT 'PI A N T S. 795 flowers, of a bright purple colour, and like vn to the (malic ft brier Rofe in forme rwhichbeing paft, there fucccede fuch heads and beakes as the reft of the Cranes bill haue; the roots is thicke, bum¬ ped or knobbcd,which we call tuberous. Geranium tuberefitm. Knobbie Cranes bill. ISO it The place.. This kinde of Cranes bill is a Granger in Eng- land, notwithftanding I haue it growing in my garden. £ . & 7 he time. £Thc time anftvercth the reft of the Cranes bilLes. A. ./ it The names. Cranes bill l$j called in Greekc r•• in JLa- tine Grtttnalii, commonly RjJlr/m Grim , or AV Jlrum Ciconia , of the likenesofu Cranes bill, or Storkes bill: of fome Ac us mofeata, but tha t name doth rather belongto anothef of this kinde: it is alfo called Acus Pafloru : in Italia Roflro digruddn French Beedc Grtit- in Spanifh P/codt Citfuena,pi~ co delgrou : in high Dutch ^tO^CnCnfCljnalilci in lovye Dutch aDt £UaCC 0 *■ mEngHfh Storks biil,Cranesbill,Hearons bill, and Pincke needle: - it is alio called of fome Geranium tuberofum, and Geranium bulb of am: it is like wife Geranium Diof conclis primum , or Diofcorules his firft Cranes bill, which is founde to be called by certaine ba- ftardenames , as Ouchinafrum, or Echinasteum, and fuch like. ^ it The temperature. The roores of this Cranes bill haue a little kinde of heat in them. it T he vertues. Diofcorides faith that the rootes may be eaten, and that a dram vvaight of them drunke in wine, A doth wafte and confumc away the vvindines of the matrix. Alfo P/rnie affirmeth,that the roote heereof is fingular good for fuch as after weaknes craue to B be reftored to their former ftrength. . * , i ,. V, , . ' I he fa me auth m affirmetn that the waight of a dram of it drunke in wine three times in a daie, is C excellent good againft the Pdficke,orconlumption of the lungs. Of Cranes bill. Cbap.^if, , r- /abl:' ft ’ . :: ■ »■>,•• - 5 it The defer ipt ion. M Vskcd Cranes bill hath many weake and feeble branches trailing vpon the grounde, where^ on do growe long leaues,made of manyfmallerleaues, fet vpon a middle rib, fniptor cut about the edges,of a pleafant fweete fmelfnot vnlike to that of Muske: among which come foorth the flowers fet vpon tender footeftalks, of a red colour,compa<ft of fine (mail leaues apeece, after which appecre fmall heads and pointed beakes orbils like the other kindes of Cranes bilss the roote is (mall and threddie. Geranium 7 S <5 the second booke of the Geranium mofcbatum, Masked Cranes bill. The place. It groweth in barren high waies,and is plan- ted in gardens for the fwcetc fmell that the wholeplant is pofieficd with. •SeThetime, It flowrcth and flourifhcth all the Ibmmcr long. •fy The names. It if called Mir r hid* Pliny, Rofirum CiconU, kMcusmofcata in fhoppes, and Actupafioris , and likewife Geranium mo feat urn : in Engliflh Muf kedStorkes bill, and Cranes bill, CMufcatum, and of the vulgar fort Mufcata, and alfo Pinck- needle. ^ The temperature. This Cranes bill hath not any of his facul¬ ties found out or knovvneryct it feemeth to be cold and a little drie, with fome aftridion or bin- ding. ^ Thevertues, The vertues are referred vnto thofe of Doucs foote, and ate thought of Diofcorides to be good forgreeneandbloudy woundes, andhotfwel- lings that are newly begun. Of Creme foote Cranes bill , or Gratia Dei, Chap, 34.5. *k The defer ipfion. 1 ✓“"NRowefoote Cranes bill, hath many long and tender branches tending to rcdnefle, fet with great leaucs deepelycut oriagged, in forme like thofe of the fielde Crowfoote, whereof it tooke his name : the flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes vpontenderfoote- ftaIks,of a perfed blew colour, which being paft, there fucceede fuch heads, beakes,and bils as the other Cranes bils. 2 I haue in my garden another fort of this Cranes bill , bringing foorth very faire white flowers, which maketh it to differ from the precedents in other refpeds there is no difference at all. 1 G cranium HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 79J I Geranium Batrachioides. Crowfoote Cranes bill. 2 Geranium Batrachioides album. White Crowfoote Cranes bill. ie The place. Thefe Cranes bils are wilde of their owne nature,and grow in barren places, and in valleies ra» ther then in mountaincs} both ofthem do grow in my garden. if The time. They flower, flourifh and growe greene moft part of the fommer. if The names. It is called in Greeke Bcct^okc/W, and Geranium Batrachioides , which name it taketh from the likcnes of Crowfoote: of fome it is called Ranunculus caruleus^ or blew Crowfoote: Fuchfius cal ■ lcthitslDOttC^ gnfltJi that is in Latine Gratia Dei : in Englifh alfo Gratia dei, bLewe Cranes bill, or Cranes bill with the blewe flower,or blcwc Crowfoote. if The temperature. The temperature is referred to the other Cranes bils. if The venues. Neither of thefe plants are found good in Phiftcke ; yet Fuchfius faith, that Cranes bill with the A blew flower is an excellent thing to heale wounds. Of Candle Qrernes bill. Chap.^ 6 . if The defeription. i ‘"T h He Cranes bill of Candie hath many long tender ftalkes,(oft,and full ofitiicc: diuidingit felfe into diners branches, whereon are ft great broad leaues, cut, oriaggedinto diuers fedlionscr cuts: among which come foorth flovvers,compofedoffiueieauesapeece,of a blewifh or watcher colour, in the middle part whereof come foorth a fewe chines ,and a fin. 'I ot a purphfh colour: the head and beake islil Jointellof a purp the roote dieth when it hath perfe&ed his feede. ; like to the reft of the Cranes bus, but greater * % I his 75)3 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 This Cranes bilfbeing a baftardkinde of the former, hath long {lender branches growing to the bight of two or three cubits^fet about with very great leaues,not vnlike to thole of Hollihocks, but fomwhat IcEer,of an ouerworne greene colour,, among which rile vp little footeftaikes, on the endes whereof do grow fmall flowers,much lelTer then thole of the precedent,and of a murrey co¬ lour : the head and feedes arc like alio, but much leher: the rootes do likewife die at the firftap- proch ofwinter. 1 ik The place* Thefe are Grangers inEngIand,except in the gardens offome Herbarifts :the which do grow# in my garden very plentifully. The time. The time anfwcreth the reft of the Cranes bill,yet doth that of Candie flower for the moft part with me inMaie. ik 7 he names. There is not more to befaidof the names then hath beene remembredin their leucrall titles. They may be called in Englilh Cranes bils,or Storkes bils, & The temperature. Their temperature anfwereth that ofDoues foote. ik The venues. ^ Their faculties in working are equall to thole ofDoues foote, and vfed for the fame purpofes, ‘ (and rightly)efpccially being vied in wounde drinks, for the which it doth farre excell anie of the Cranes bils 3 and is equal! with any other herbe whatfoeuer for the fame purpole. 0 / 199 HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. Of diners mlde Cranes l?i/s. Chappy. ieThe kindes. T Hcrc be diuers forts or kindcs of Cranes bils which bane not beene rfrncmbred of the anci¬ ent, nor much fpokcnofby the later writers , all which I meane to comprehcnde vuder this Chaptcr,makingasit were ofthem a Chapter of wilde Cranes bils, although feme ofthem hauc place in our London gardens, and that woordiily, efpccially for the beautie of the flowers, their names fhallbeexprefled in their fcuerall titles,their natures and faculties arc referred to the other Cranes bils,or if you plcafe to a further confederation. I Geranium macufatumfuefufciw. a Geranium fan guinar turn. Spotted Cranes bill. Bloudie Cranes bill. # ihe defer if i ion. * Q Potted Cranes bill, or Storkes bill,the which Z/o£f7/«kdefcribeth in. the title thus', Gerani- ^ umFufcum , floreliuido , furfur ante, fr medio Can At cant e , is the fame that Dodonjusc al- leth Ger aniummont anum, or mountaine Storks bill, whole leaues are like vnto Grnwfcote' (being a kinde doubtleffe of Cranes bill,called Gratia di /)of an ouerworne duftie colour- and 6f a ftrong fauour,yet not altogither vnpieafalit: the ftalkes are dry and brittle, at the tops wherof doe growepleafant flowers of an exceeding fairepurplc colour *.the middle part whereof .tending to whitencs;from theftileor pointcll thereof, commethfoorthatuftof fnalf purple hairie threds. The rooteisthicke and very brittle,lifting it fclfefoorth of the ground, infomuch that many of the fade rootes lie aboue the ground naked without earth, eucn as the rootes of Flower Deluces doe. . • ■ •- ' 2 i he 8oo THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 The fecond of thefe wilde ones rifeth foorth of the ground to the height of a foote, fomtimes more: the ftalkes are dry and brittle 3 with many knees or knobbed joints of a bloudie colour,wber- of it tooke his name, called for the mod part Hxmathcdes: the leaues, flowers and feedes are like vnto thofe of Gratia Dei 3 or blew Cranes bill 3 wherin efpecially it differed! from the precedent. 3 Geranium mofchatum inodorum. Vniauone muske Cranes bill. 5 ^Geranium viohceiim. Violet Stockesbill. 4 Geranium inodorum dku m. White flowred Pinckneedle. ‘it The defer iff ion. 3 This wilde kinde of musked Cranes bilJ 3 being akogither without fauour or (me.., is called of Flir.y 'Myrrhtdaixudcrum, or Getf.rU ummojehatuminodorum 3 which hath manie broad leaues fpread flat vpon the grounde, eucrie !ea r e made of diuers (mailer leaues , and thofe cut or iagged about the edges, of no (rnell at all: among which rife vp (lender braunches, whereon doc growe (mall flowers of a light purple colour: the roote is long and fibrous. 4 This is alfbone of the wilde kindcsof mufi ked Cranes bils, agreeing with the laftdeferibed in each rcfpedf, except the flowers, for as the o- ther hath purple flowers,this plant bringeth forth white flowers 3 other difference there is none at al. 5 The Cranes bill with violet coloured flowers, hath a thicke woodie roote, with fomefew firings annexed thereto :from which .rife immediatelie fborrh of the grounde diuers (liffie ftalkes, which diuide themfelues into other fmall braunches, ^hereupon areTet confufedly broad leaues,inade of three leaues a pecce, and thofe iagged or cut about the edges; the flowers growe at the top of the braunches ofa perfect violet colont ? wherofit tooke his name, after which jponae fuch bcakes or bils 3 as the other of his kinde. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS.' 801 Of thele wilde ones I hatie another fort in my garden, which Clufm in his Pannonicke obferuati- ons hath called Geranium H<tmatodcs,oi fanguinc Cranes bill, and L’Obeltm Geranium Gruinum, or Grunale : it hath many flexible branches creeping vpon the grounde: the leaues are much like vn- to Doues foote in forme, but cut cucn to the middle rib: the flowers are like thole of the wilde mab lo^ve,and of the fame bignefte,of a perfedt bright purple cplour,which if they be fuffered to growe and ftandevn till the next day,will be a murrey colour; and if they (land vntothe third daie,they will turne into a deepe purple tending to blewnefte; their changing is fuch, thatyoufhall findc at one time vpon one branch, flowers like in forme, but of diuers colours. The rootcis thicke and of a woodie fubftance. I hauelikewife another fort that was lent me from Robtnue of Paris, whole figure wasneuer let foorth,neithcr delcribcd of any: it bringeth from a thicke tough roote many branches,of a brow- nilh colour: whereupon do growe leaues not vnlike to thole of Gratia dei, but not lb deepely cut, lomewhat cornered,and of a lluning greene colour: the flowers grow at the top of the tender bran¬ ches, compofed oflixe fm all leaues,of a bright leaflet colour. > The-place. Thefe Cranes bils do growe ofthemfelucs about oide wals,the borders of fieldes , woodcs and copies,and rnoft of them we haue brought into our gardens. it The time. Their time of flowring and feeding anfwereth the reft ofthe Cranes bils. is 7 he names. Their feuerall titles fhallferue for their names, referring what might befaidemore to a further consideration. is 1 he nature and vertues. There hath not as yet any thing beenefounde either of their temperature or faculties, but may be referred vnto the other of their kindc. Of Sanicle. Chap.^t. SanicuUJiue Diapenjia. ' Sanicle* is The defeription. Anicle hath leaues of a blackifh greene co¬ lour, fmooth and fhining, lomwhat round, diuided into liue parts like thofe of the vine,or rather thofe of the maple: among which rife vp (lender ftalkes of a browne colour; on the toppes whereof ftande white mollie flowers, in their places come vp rounde feede, rough,clea¬ ning to mens garments as they pafte by, in ma- ner of little burs .-the roote is blacke and full of hr eddie firings. is The place. It groweth in fhadowie woods and copies almoft cuery where,itioieth in fat and fruitefull moiftfoile. is The time. It flowreth in Maie and lune: the feed is ripe in Auguft: the leaues of the herbe are greene al the yeere, and are not hurt with the colde of winter. is The names. It is commonly called Samculaffi. diuers Dia~ penfa: in high & low Dutch French Sanicle : in Englifh Sanickle , or Sanikel :it is fo called aSanandisvulneribus , or of healing of tvoundes as Ruelhut faith : there be alio other Eee x Sanieies 802 the second booke of the Sanicles fo named ofmofi Herbarifts,as that which is defcribed by the name of Dentaria, or Coral woort,and likewile Auricula vrfi, or Beares eare, which is akinde of Cowfiip,and like wife another let foorth by the name of Samcula guttata, wherofwe haue intreated among the kindes of Beares cares. The temperature. Sanicle as it is in tafte bitter,with a certaine binding qualitie; fo befides that i t denfeth, and by the binding qualitie ftrengthneth, it is hot and dry 3 and that in the feconde degree,and afterfome authors hot in the third degree,and aftringent. The venues. A The iuice being inwardly taken is good to heale wounds. B The decobtion of it alfo made in wine or water,is giuen againft fpettingof blond,and the bloudy fiixe; alfo foule and filthie vlcers are cured by being bathed or wafhed with it. The herbe boiled in water,and applied in manerof a pultis,doth difiolue and wafte away coldfivvellings; it is vied in po¬ tions,which are called Vulnerarie potions,or wounde drinkes , which maketh wholeand foundall inward wounds,and outward hurts: it alfo helpeth the vicerations of the kidneies, ruptures or bur¬ stings. .o. Of Ladies mantle ? orgreat Sanicle . Chap ; . K^AlchimilU. Lions foote,or Ladies mantle. TheJefcription- >rvios:.j L Adies mantlehath many round leaues, with hue or fixe comers finely indented about the edges,fyhich before they be opened are plai¬ ted andTbufded togither, notvnhke to the leaues ofivlallowesjbut whiter and more curled: among which rife vp tender (talks let with the like leaues, but much leiTcr : on the tops whereof do growe frnallmoffie flowers cluttering thicke together of a yellowifh greene colour. The feede is lma '1 a d yellowe, inclofedTn greene huskes. Theroou thicke and full of thredie firings. j & The place. It groweth of it felfe wilde in diuers places,as in the towne paftures by Andouer, and in many pla¬ ces inBarkfhire,and Hampfhire, in their paftures and copies or low woods, and alfo vpon the banke ofa mote that inclofetha houfe in Bufhey called Bourne hall ,fowerteene miles from London, and in the high way from thence to Watforde, a final! mile difiant from it. # 7 he time. It flowreth in Maie and Iune,ic flouriiheth in the winter as well as in foinmer. The names. It is called of the later Herbarifts ■^Alchimilla, and of mofi Stellar ia : FesLeonis, PataLeonii , and Samcula maior : in high Dutch ^pnrUltttEj and 0 nfCC Jl'cllUlTH Hlantll ♦ in French Fiedde Lion: inEnglifh Ladies tnantle,great Sanicle, Lions foote, Lions pawe,and of fome Padelion. The temperature. Ladies mantle is like in temperature to little Sanicle, yet is it more drying and more bin- HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8oj # The verities. It is applied to wounds after the fame maner that thefmaller Sanicle isjbeing of like efEcacie: it A ftoppeth bleeding,and alfo the ouermuch flowing of thenaturallficknes: itkeepeth downe mai¬ dens paps or dugs, and when they be too great and flaggie,it maketh them leffer and harder. r ’a To \y> | Of Pfeefemort Sanicle. Chap.p o. .77' Ij'i Oil* ’j. .'J ^ The description. . . ' \ - : 7 T. . „ r, o. nor. W Hen I made mention of HeQeborus &T bus , I did alfo fet downe my cenfure concerning Elleborine or, Epipaflis : but thisElIeborineof the alpesl putin this place bi- caufe it approcheth neerer vnto Sanicle and Ra¬ nunculus, as participating of both3 itgroweth in the mountaines and higheft parts of the alpifh. hiis, and is a ftranger as yetinourEnglifh gar¬ dens: the roote is compadt of manie fmall twilled firings, like vntoblacke Hellebore : from thence arife tinall tender if alks,fmooth and eafie to bend, in whole tops growe leaues with fine diuifions, fomewhat nickt about the edges like vnto Sanicle: the flowers confift of fixe leaues, fomewhat fhi- ning, intaftefharpe, yet not vnpleafanr. Some would account this plant to be that Helleborusm- ger which Pena found in the forrefl of Efens, not t arre from Iupiters mount. I haue not as yet found any thing of his nature or ofhis verities. * Of (frowfootes. Chap.^u [ jS • •: ^ 1 | # The kindes. M ’Here be diuers forts or kinds of thefe pernitious herbes comprehended vnder the name of Rt- mnculuspt Crowfoote,whereofmoft are very dangerous to be taken into the body, and there¬ fore they require a very exquifite moderation, with a moft exadt and due maner of tempering, not any of them are to be taken alone by themfelues bicaufe they are of moft violent force,and therfore haue the greater neede ofcorredfion. The knowledge of thefe plants isasneceftarietothe Phifition as of other herbes, totheende they may fhun the fame,as Scribonius Lurgus faith,and not take them ignorantly: or alfo, if ncceffi- tie at any time require, that they may vfe them 3 and that with fome deliberation and fpecial choife, and with their proper corredfiues. For thefe dangerous fimples are Hkewife many times of them¬ felues beneficiall,and oftentimes profitable: for fbme of them are not fo dangerous, but that they may in fome fort,and oftentimes in fit and due feafon profit and do good, if temperature and tno- E e e 2 deration Alpina. Elleborine. Neefcwoort Sanicle. 8 o 4 the second boo ke of the deration be vfed; of which there be fower kindesas D/ofcoridesw riteth, one withbroadeleaues another that is dmvnie; the thirde very fmall; and the fourth with a white flower: the later Herba- rifts haue obferued alfo many mo: all thefe may be brought mto two principal! kindes,fb that one beea garden or tame one, and the other wilder and of thefe home are common, and others rare, or foraine. Moreouer there is a difference both in the rootes and in the leaues: for one hath a bum¬ ped or knobbie roote, another a long leafe as Spearewoort; and firftof the wildeor fieldeCrow- footes,referring the Reader vnto the ende of the ftockc and kind red of the fame, for the tempera¬ ture and vertues. I Ranunculus pratenfisjettamfa Hoytenjis* 2 Ranunculus(itrreZHs auliculii. Common Crowfoote. Right Growfoote. k The description. 1 ►“ijMHe common Crowfoote hath leaues diuided into many parts,comm only three, fomtimes 1 hue, cut heere and there in the cages, of a deepe greene colour, in which ftandediuers whitifh fpets : the ftalkes bee rounde, fomething hairie, fome of thembowe downe towarde the grounde, and put foorth manie little rootes, whereby it taketh holde of the grounde as it traileth along: fome of them ftande vpright a foote high or higher^ on the tops heercof growe final? flowers with hue leaues a peece,of a yellow glittering colour like golde; in the middle part of thefe flowers ftande certaine fmall threds of like colour,which being paft,the feedes follow’’, wrap¬ ped vp in a rough ball: the rootes are white and threddie. 2 The (econd kind of Crowfoot is like vnto the precedent,failing that his leaues are fatter 3 thic¬ ker, and greener, and his fmall twiggie ftalkes ftand vpright,other wife it is like :of which kindeit chanced,that walking in the fielae next vnto the Theater by London, in company of a worfhipfull march ant named mafter Nicholas Lete ,1 founde one of this kindc there with double flowers,which before that time I had not fecne. k The HISTORIE OF .PLANTS, .it f«5 . . •fr The place. Theygroweof themleluesinpaftures andmedowcsalmoftcuery where. .r— I ^ The time. V - They flower in May,and many monethes after. The names. Crowfoote is called of CO belt us Ranunculus pratenfu: of Dodoneus Ranunculus hortenjls , but vn- properly : of Plinte Poly ant hemum , which he faith that diuers name Eatrachton . in high Dutch Wiimalfc&luam * in Iovve Dutch in Englifti King kob, Golde cups, Gold knops, Crowfoote,and Butter flowers. -■ » — l 4 Ranunculus K^ilpinus albus. White mountaine Crowfoote. . •It The defer ipt ion. 3 The third kinde of Crowfoote called in Latine Ranunculus aruorum , bicaule it grovveth com¬ monly in fallow fieldes,where corne hath beenclately lbwen,and may be called Come Crowfoote. It hath for the moft part an vprightftalkeof a footehigh, which diuideth it felfe into ether blan¬ ches, whereon do growe fat thicke leaues very much cut and iagged, refembling the leaues of i>a m - pire,but nothing fo greene, but rather of an ouerwornc colour. The flowers growe at the top of the braunches compact of fiue fmall leaues, of a faint yeilowe colour; after which come in place, cin¬ ders of rough and fharpe pointed feedes,like thole of Hounds toong.The roote is fmall & threddie. 4 The fourth Crowfoote which is called Ranunculus Alpinus, bicaule thole that haue firft written hereof,haue not found it elle where,but vpon the Alpifh mountaines: notwithftanding it groweth plentifully in England wilde, and brought from thence into gardens, elpecially in a wood by Lon¬ don called Hampfteed wood. It hath diuers great fat branches, two cubites high , let with large leaues, like the common Crowfoote, but greater, of adeepe greene colour, much like to thofe of the yeilowe Aconite , called \~Acomtwn luteum Ponttcum. The flowers confift of flue white leaues,with fmall yeilowe chiues in the middle ,{melling like the flowers ofMay or Hawthorne 9 but more pleafant.The rootes are greater than any of the ftocke of Crowfootes. Eeej % The 3 Ranunculus aruorum. Crowfoote of the fallowed field. « tu THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE if 7 he place and time. Their place of growing is touched in their-deferiptions: their time of flowring and leedingaa Iwereth the other of their kindes. if The names. Tlta white Crowfoote of the Alpes and French mountaines,is the fourth of.D iofeorides defcriD- tioif; for he defenberh his fourth to haue a white flower: more hath not beene laid touching the names ,yct Taber Mont an m calleth it Batrachium album ; in Englifh white Crowfoote. 1 ' ' ! ; ^ 1 ■ ' 1 Q if The description. 5 Among the wiidc Crowfootes there is one that is furftamed lllyricws , which bringeth foorth (lender (hikes,round, and of a meane length: whereupon do growe long narrow leaues, cut into many long gallics, fomething white,and couered with a ccrtaine downynefle. The flowers be of a pale yellow colour. The roote confifteth ofmany fmall bumpes, as it were graines of corne,or little long bulbes growing clofe togither, like vntothofc of Pilewoort. It is reported, that it was firft brought out of Illyria into Italic, and from thence into the lowc countries; notwithftanding we haue it growing very common in England. 6 The fixt kinde of Crowfoot called Ranunculus bulbofuspox Oinion rooted Crowfoot,and round rooted Crowfoote,hath a round knobbic or Oinion fafhioned roote, like vnto a fmall Tumep,and of the bignes of a great Oliuc berrie: from which rileth vp many leaues fpred vpon the ground, like thole of thefielde Crowfoote, biitlmailer, and of aruftieor ouerworne greene colour, among which rile vp Tender ftalks of the height of a footc, whereupon do growe flowers of a faint yellowc colour. i: The place. Iris alfo reported to be found not onelv in Illyria and Sclauonia, butalfointhe Hand Sardinia, Handing in the midIand 3 or Mediterranean fea. . • - * The HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 807 & The names. This Illyrian Crowfoot is named in Greeke nWijear, that is Afitem fykeflrepi wild Smallage: alfo HtrhiStrict, it may be,faith my author, that kinde of Crowfoote called Afimnrifm and>«-■ and this is thought to be that GelotophylliSyOi vvnich Pliny maketh mention in his ? 4 - booke 17. chapter* which being drunke, faith he, with wine and myrrhe, cauleth a man to lee diuers lirangc fights,and not to ceafb laughing till he hath drunke Pine apple kernels with Pepper in wine of the Date tree,(I thinke he wouldehaue faid vntill he be dead)bicaufe the nature of laughing Ciowc- foote is thought to kill laughing,but without doubt the thing is cleane contrary; for it caufeJi fuch conuulfionSjCrampes and wringings of the mouth and iawes, thatithath icenicd to lomcthat the parties haue died laughing,whereas in truth they haue died with great torment. 7 Ranunculus anricomus. 8 Ranunculus nemorofas. Golde haire Crowfoote. Wood Crcv, mote. 'fyThc description. 7 The feuenth kinde of Crowfoote, called <^ 4 uricomus of the golden Ioclces wherewith the flower is thrummed, hath for his roote a great bufh of blackifh hairie firings; from which fhoote foorth fmall iagged leaues, not vnlike toSanicle; among which rifevp braunchcd flalkes of a foote high,whereon are placed the like leaues but fmaller/et about the top of the flalkes like thofc ofWoodrofe: the flowers are (mall and yellow. 8 The eight Crowfoote hath likewife abufhey roote, compadl of a multitude of hairie firings, from which rife vp leaues fet vpon longflender footeflalks , diuided in three parts, in maner of the marifhTrefoile, iomewhat fnipt about the edges : among which rifevp flender flalkes of a foote high,and lometimes higher;at the tops whereof do grow yellowe flowers,fweetc fmelling,of which it hath beene called Ranunculus dulcis Tragi ,or Tragus his fwcetc Crowefootc. Ece 4 5 Ranunculus SoS THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE $ Rxmmcttlu*Batrachpides. I© R&mmcHluigramwctuL'Ohelij. Froggc Crowfoote. Graflie Crowfoote. ^ The defcription. f Frogge Crowfoote called of Ben a Aconitum Batrachioides , of Dodcn&w Ratrachion Apulei , it groweth to the height of two cubits: the lea ucs are broade,deepely cut or iagged, euen to the mid¬ dle rib: on the top of the (talks ftande frnall yellowe flowers,confi fling of hue little Ieaues: the mid* die part is of a deepe yellowe, as it were of a faffron colour: the roote is tough and threddie. 10 The tenth Crowfoote hath many graflie lea ties, of a deepe greene tending toblewnes, fbme- whatlong ; narrowand fmooth, very like vnto thofe of the frnall Bfflort, or Snakewcede: among which rife vp (lender ftalkes, bearing at the top fmallyellowe flowers like the other Crowfootcs: the roote is fin all and threddie. 11 The autumne or winter Crowfoot,hath diners broad Ieaues fpred vpon the grotind,fhipt about the edges, of a bright fhining green colour on the vpper fide, and hoarie vnderneath,fullofribsor finewes, as are thofe of Plan tame , of an vnplcafant tafte at the firfl,afterwarde nipping the toong: among which Ieaues rife vp fundrie tender (ooteftaikes, on the tops whereof (land yellow flowers, confifting of fixe frnall Ieaues apeece: after which lucceede little knaps of feede like vntoadrieor withered Strawberie. The roote is compad of a number of limber rootes, rudely thruft togithcr in manner of the Afphodill. 12 ThePortingale Crowfoote hath many thickecloggedrootes, fattened vnto onehead, very like vnto thofe of the yellow Afphodill: from which rife vp three leauesTeldome more,hroad,thiqk, and puffed vp in diners places 3 as if it were a thing that were blittered 3 by meanes whereof it is very vneuen. From the middle of which Ieaues rifethvpanakedftalke, thicke, fat 3 but yet tender, and very fragi]e,oreafie to breake: on the end whereof flandeth a faire (ingle yellow flower, ,hauingin she middle a naked rundell of a golde yellow,tending to a Saffron colour, U R&mncttffH HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 809 11 Ranunculus autumn*lit Clusij. Winter Crowfoote. - 12 Ranunculus Lu fitan/cm Clusij. Portingale Crowfoote. it The defer ip ion. 13 The globe Crowfoote hath verie manie leaucs deepelycutand iagged,ofa bright green colour,like thofe of the field Crowfoot: among which rifeth vp a ftalke, diuided towarde the top into other branches, furnifhed with the like leaues of thofe next the grounde,but finallerron the tops of which branches growe very faire yel- lowe flowers,confifting of afeweleau‘es,f dded or rowled vp togither like a round ball or globe ; whereupon it was called Ranunculus glob of its, or the globe Crowfoote, or globe flower, which being paft, there fucceede rough knaps, where¬ in is blackifh feedrtheroote is fmall and threddy. •& The place. This kinde of Crowfoote groweth inmoft places ofYorke fhire,and Lancafhire,and other thofe bordering fhiresof the North conn trey, almoft in euery medowe,butnot found wildc in thefe foutherly or wefterly parts of Englande, that I could euer vnderftand of/ 'St The time. It flowreth in Maie andlune.The feed is ripe in Auguft. it The 8io THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •k The names. The globe Bower is called generally RanunculusglobofuspS fome Flos TraBtat find Ranunculus Ah , pmu : in Englifh Globe Crowfoote,Troll flowers,and Lockron gowlons. / Of yellow ‘Batchelers Huttons. Chap.^z. I Ranunculus maximum ^An^licus. 2 Ranunculus maxsmus multiplex. Double Crowfoot,or Batchelers Buttons. Double wildc Crowfoote. 1 >-g-« He great double Crowfoote or Batchelers Buttons 3 hath manie iagged leaues of a deepe I greene colour: among which rife vp ftalkes 3 whereon do growe faire yellow flowers ex¬ ceeding double, of a (fining yellow colour, oftentimes thrufting foorth of the middeft of the (aid flowers one other fmallcr flower, which the Grauer hath omitted, as alfo theroundcor Turnep roote 3 the forme whereof hath caufed it to be called of fome Saint Antonies Turnep, or Rape Turnep. The feede is wrapped in a clufter of rough knops 3 as are moft of the Crowfootes. 2 The double yellow wilde Crowfoote hath leaues of a bright greene colour, with manie wcake braunches trailing vpon the grotinde, whereon do grow verie double yellow flowers like vnto the precedent, butaltogithcr lefler. The whole plant is likewife without aniemanifefl; difference, fa¬ iling that thefe flowers do neucr bring foorth aniefmaller flower out of the middle of the greater, as the other doth 5 and alfo hath no Turnep or knobbed roote at all, wherein conflfleth thegrea- tefl difference. tv The place. The firfl is planted in Gardens for the beauty of the flowers,and likewife the fccond,which hath of ; HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I: Su oflatebcene brought foorth of Lancafhire vnto our London Gardens, by acurious gentlcmanin the ferching foorth of Simples Matter 7 bomas Hesketb , who found ir growing vvilde in the towns fields ofa fmali village called Hesketh,not far from Latham in Lancafhire. : ft The time. They flower from the beginning ofMay to the end of lune. .. . ' . ft The names. .nun Viofcortdes hath made no mention hereof: but Apuleim hath feparated thefirft of theft from the others ,intreating oi it apart, and naming it by a peculiar name Bat) achion, whereupon it isalfo cal¬ led ^Apuleij EatrachionyOt Apple'sH 4 Crowfoote. It is commoniy called Ripum D .Anthony pe Saint Anthonies Rape : it may be called in Eng-lifh, Rape Crowfoote, it is called generally about London,Batchelers buttons,and double Crowfoote: m Dutch s^Tnthonp Bapkun .I'iVAT *vv^c ZiV.ii-- •fc The temperature. Thcfc plants do bite as the other Crowfootes do. ft Thevertues. Thcchiefeftvertue is in theroote, which being ftamped with fait is good for thofe thathaue i A plague fore, if it be prefently in the beginning tied to the thigh, in the middle betweene the groine or flanke,and the knee :by mcanes whereof,the poifon and mahgriitie of thedtleafe is drawen from the inward partes, by the cmundtoric or clenfing place of the flanke, into thofe outwardc partes of lefle account. For it cxnkerateth and prefently raileth a blitter to what part of thebodie foeuerit i is applied. And if it chance that the fore happenethvnder the ai me, thenitisrequifiretoapplieic tothearmealittleabouetheelbowe: myopinionis, thatany.of the Crowfootes will do the fame: myreafonis , bicauie they all andeueryof them do blitter, and caufe paine wberefbeuer they be applied,and paine doth drawe vnto it ftlfc more paine: for the nature of paine is,to refot t vnto the wcakeft place,and where it may finde paine; and likewife the poifon and venemous qualitie of that difeafe,is to lefort vnto that painfull place. K^dpniciws faith further, that if it be hanged in a Iinnen cloth about theneckeof him that is Inna- B tike in the waine of the moone, when the figne fhall be in the firft degree of Tiurm or Scorpio , that then he fhal! foorth with be cured. Moreouer,theherbe Batrachton ftamped with vineger, roots and all,is vfed for them that haue blacke fears, or fuch like marks on their skins, it eateth them out 3 and leaueth a colour like that of the bodie. OfxvhiteBatchelers "Buttons y or double Crowfoote . Chap . 353 . j- y ft The defertption. \ • . - — •• - ; I He white double Crowfoote hath many great Ieaues, deepely cut with great gafbes, l and thofe fhipt about the edges. The ftalkes diuide themfelues into diuers brittle branche, on the tops whereof do growe very double flowers as white as fnowe, and of thebignefteofour yellowBatcheler s Button. Theroote is tough, limber, and difperfeth it felfe far abroad,whereby it greatly encreafeth. I Rannmulw j THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Ranunculus dibits multiform. Double white Batchelers Buttons,or double white Crowfoote. 2 Ranunculus fanguineus multiplex* The double red Crowfoote. ■ft The place. It groweth in the gardens of Herbarifts andlouers of ftrange plants, whereof we haue good plentie, but it groweth not wild any where. & The time. It flowreth from the beginning of May vnto the end thereof. i- The names. It is called of VObelnts Ranunculus ni¬ ne us Polyanthes,of Taber Mont anus Ramin ~ cuiusalbusmultiflorus : inEnglifh Double white Crowfoote, or Batchelers Buttons, The temperature and vertues. The temperature and faculties in wor¬ king agree with the wilde Crowfoots. Of Turfy Crowfootes. Cbap.pq.. 2 Ranunculus Tripolitanus* Crowfoote of Tripolic. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 81$ & The defeription. 1 He double red Crowfoote hath a fewe leaues riling immediately foorth of the groundnut in the edges with deepe gafhes,fomewhat hollow, and of a bl ight fhininggreene colour. A The ftalke rifeth vp to the height ofa foote,fmooth ; and very brittle, diuiding it felfe into other branches ,fometimes two,feldome three; whereon do grow leaues confufedly fet without or¬ der: the flowers growe at the tops of the ftalks very double,and of great beautiejof a perfedffcarlet colour tending to rednes. The roote is compad of many long tough rcotes likb'tfiofeof the yellow Afphodill. * •- 2 The Crowfoote ofTripolis or thcfingle red Ranunculus, hath leaues at their firfteommftigvp like vnto thofeof Groundfwell: among which rifeth vp a ftalke of cheheight ofhalfe acubite,forn- what hairie,whereon do growe broad leaues deepely eocenen to the middle rib,like thofe ofHpnf- Iocks: the flower groweth at the top of the ftalk,confiding of fine leaues, on the outfide of a dickor ouerworne red colour,on the infidc ofa red lead colour, orPhoeniceus colour, ijrfhape like the wilde come Poppie, the knop or ftile in themiddle which conteineth the (cede, is garniffted or be- decktwith very many fmall purple thrums tending toblacknes: the roote is as it were a b undell of little bulbes or graines like thofe of the fmall Celandine or Pilewoou. •&Theplace. The fiift groweth naturally in and about Conftantinople,ard in Afia 3 on the further fide of Bofi phorus,from whence there hath beene brought plants at diners tme., , and by diners perfbns, but they haue perifhed by reafon of the long iourney,and want of skill of the bringers, that haue fuf- fered them to lie in a boxe or fuch like fo long,that when we haue receiued them, they haue beene; asdrie as ginger ;notwhithftandingC/«/ftz* faith he receiued a plant frefh and greer.e, the which a domcfticall theefe dole foorth of his garden; mv Lord and Made the right Honorable the Lorde Treafurer,had diuers plants lent him from thence which were dric before they came as aforefaide. The other groweth in Alepo and Tripolis in Syria naturally, from whence we haue receiued plants for our gardens,where they flourifh as in their owne countrey. & The time. They bring foorth their pleafant flowers in Maie and Iune, the feede is ripe in Anguft. The names. The firft is called Ranunculus Conjlantinopohtan us^o f Li obeli us Ranunculus fanguineus multiplex 3 Ranunculus Biz,antinus,Jiue Ajiaticus: in the Tuikifh toong Tarobolos Catan.er late'- in Englifn the double redRanunculus,or Crowfoote. Thefecond is called Ranunculus Tripohtanus^l the place from whence it was firft brought into thefe parts: of the Turkes Taroboios Catarner , without that addition lale , which is a proper worde vnto all flowers that are double. it The temperature and vertues. Their temperature and vertues are referred to the other Crowfootes, whereof they are thought tobekindes. Of Spearewoort,or TBanemort. Cbdptfj. & Thedefcription. i Pearewoort hath an hollowe ftalke full of knees or ioints, whereon do growe long fmooth leaues,not vnlike thofe of the Willow, of a fhining greene colour: the flowers grow at the tops of the ftalkes,confiding offiue leaues,of a pale yellowe colour,very like vnto the field gold cup,or wilde Crowfoote: after which come round knops or feede vefiels, wherein is the feed: the roote is compad ofdiuers bulbes or long clogs, mixed with an infinite number of hairy threds. 2 The common Spearewoort being that which we call the lefter hathleaues, flowers and fta'ks like the precedent, but altogither lefter: the roote confifteth of an infinite number of thieddie firings. I Ranunculus 8i4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE l Rmunculmfldmmem ma'tor. Great Spearewoort. 2 Ranunculusfeammem minor. Theleffer Spearewoort. 3 Ranunculusflammem ferratm 0 lagged Spearewoort. Ranunculus Pa lujlr is. Mariih Crowfoote 5 or Spearewoort, ‘ \ f • ' * * ' HISTORIE QF PLANTS. 815 it The defeription. -* lagged Spearewoort hath a thickefathollovve d.ilke, diuiding it felfe into diners branches, whereon are fet by couples at euery ioint two long Ieaues,fharpe pointed and cut about the edges like the teeth of a (awe. The flowers grow at the top of the branches ofa yellow colour, in forme like thofe of the flelde Crowfoote : the roote confifleth of a number of hairie ((rings. 4 ■ Madia Crowfoote, or Spearewoort (whereof it is a kinde, taken of the bed: approoued authors to be the true Apiiirh Rifiu^ although diners report that Fulfat/tU is the fame: of Tome it is taken to b zzAptum Emorodtarum) rifetn foorthof themudde or waterifh mire from a threddie roote , to the height ofa cubite,(ometimes higher. The ftalke diuideth it felfe into diners branches, where¬ upon do growe broade Icaucs deepdy cut jound about like thofe of Doues footje^and not ynhke to the cut iVlaflowe,buq^omewhat greater, and of a mod bright (Tuning greerieJdolour: thfe fijpw'ers grow at the copof the branches ofa yellowe colour,like vnto the'other water Crowfootcs.' * it The place, ' , , /b They growe in moid and dankiTh places, in brinkes or water couriers \ and fuch like places al- mod euery where. , ^ , \ t d ff it The time. Thcv flower in Male when the other Crowfootes do. it 7 he names. Spearewoort is called of the later Heibarids Flammula y and Ranunculus TUnmtus, of Cor dm Ra~ nunculus^-n!<pv^,of, pPat^phrlld^ov broad leafed Crowfoote, others Ranunculus long/fol/us, or long leafed Crowfoote :ln lowe DutclT ,<Q gUC£Dl£;U in EngliiTi Speare Crowfoote, Spearewoort, and Banewoort,bicaufe it is dangerous/and deadly for fheepe; and that ifthey feeds of the fame it in- flameth their liuers,fretteth and blidereth their guts and entraiies. ' i? The temper at u re of all the Crcwfco tes. Spearewoort is like to the other Crowfootes in factiitie, it is hot in the mouth or hiring,it exul- cerateth and raiferh bliders,and being taken inwardly it killeth remediles.Generally all the Crow, footes.as Galen faith, are of a very (harp or bitingqualitie,infomuch as they raife bliders withpain; and are hoc and drie in the fourth degree. r The vertues of all the C rovvfootes. Theleaues or rootes of Crowfoote damped and applied vnto any part of the body, caufeth the A skin tofwell and blider,and raifeth vp’whea’es, b!adders,caufeth fears, cruds,and vghe vlcers: it is laide vpon cragged warts,corrupt nailes,and fuch like excrefcencc, ro caufe them to fall away. Theleaues damped and applied vnto any pedelentiall or plague lore, or carbuncle , daieth the B (preading nature ofThe fame,and caufeth the venemous or peflilenriall matter to breath foorth, by opening the pores and paffages in the skin. It preuaileth much to drawe a plague fore from the in warde parts , being of danger, vnto other C remote places further from the hart,and other of the fpirituall parts, as hath beene declared in the defeription. Many dovfe to tie a little of the herbe damped with fait vnto any of the fingers againd rhe paine D of the teeth, which medicine feldomefaileth 5 for it caufeth greater paine in the finger then was in the tooth, by the meanes whereof,the greater paine taketh away the lefler. Cunning beggers dovletodampetheIeaues,andlayitvnto their legs and armes 3 which caufeth E fuch filthy vlcers as we daily fee(among fuch wicked vagabondes)to mooue the people the more to pittie. The kinde of Crowfoote of Illyria,being taken to be Apium Refusal fome, of others ^Aconitim F Batrach/oidfS. This plant fpoileth the fences and vnderdanding, and draweth togither the finewes andmufclesof the face in fuch drange manner, that thofe who beholding fuch as died by the taking heereef, haue fuppofed that they died laughing; fo forceably hath it drawne and contrac¬ ted the nerues and finewes, that their faces haue beene drawne awry, as though they laughed, whereas contrariwifc they haue died with great torment. Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 8i<J OflVoolfesbane. Chap.^6. tfc The kmdes. T Here be diuers forts of Woolfcs bane :moft of them bringfoorth flowers of a yellow colour * others with a blew,or tending to purple: among the yellow ones there are lomegreater,others lefler,fome of broader leaues,and others of narrower. I Thora Valdenfis mas. 2 Thorn Valdenfisfoemina. Broad leafed Woolfes banc. Broad leafed female Woolfcs banc. # The defeription. I *“Tr“ i He firfb kinde of Aconite, offome called Thora, others adde thereto the place where it gro I wethin great abundance,which is the Alpes, & call it Thora Valdenfium. This plant tookc his name oftfeGreeke worde® 9 %*, fignifying corruption, murther, poifon , or death, which are the ccrtaine effects of this pernicious plant: for this they vfc very much in poifbns, and when they mcane to infedt their arrowe heads, the more fpeedily and deadly to difpatch the wilde and fauage beafts, which do greatly annoy thofe mountaines of the Alpes : to which purpofe alfo it is brought into the mart townes neere vnto thofe places to be folde vnto the hunters, who prepare the iuice thereof by prelling it foorth in homes and hoofes of beafts, referuing it for the raoft fpee- dic poifon of all the ’^Aconites for an arrowe touched therewith, leaueth thevvounde vneureab'e (if it fetch bloude where it entreth) except rounde about the wound the flefh be cut away in great quantitie : this plant therefore may rightly be accounted as firfl and chiefc of thofe that be called Sagittarfe or Aconites,by rcafon of the malignant qualities aforelaide. This that hath beene faid'e argueth His TOR IE OF PLANTS. 817 atcructh alfo that MathioUs hath vnproperly called it l j fcttdoacomttm 7 that is^falfe or baftard Aco: ni°e * for without queftion there is no woorfe or more fpeedic venome in the world,nor no Aconite or toxicall plant comparable heereunto. And yet let vs behold the fatherly care and prouidence of God .who hath prouided a conquerour and triumpher oner this plant fo venemous,namely his An- tironi (l , Ant tthora^ or to fpeake in fhorter and fewer fyllables, Author a, which is the very antidote or rcmedie againft the kinds of Aconites.The ftalke ofthis planris fmalland rufhie, veric finooth, two handfuls high , about the middle whereof, and towardethe top , commcth foerth often one leafe alone,fomtimes two,and very feldome three or fower, which are fomewhat roundc of com- paflc,and a little nickt about the edges, like the combe of a cocke. The leafe is ftiffe and fomwhat finooth on the vpper fide,and not much vnlike the leaues of Cyclamen : the flowers grow at the top of the ftalke, in colour and fafhion like the flowers of Cinkefoile, or fine leafed grafts: the roctes are (mail,hailing many round and thicke truncheons,fharpe and (lender at the bottomc, but next the ftalke it is knottie,not vnlike the rootes oiAnthora.pt Afphodelm. Dodonatu hath more truelie deferibed this plant in hi-slaftedition,thenP^4 hath , who hath faulted in two notable refpedts 5 firft in the rootes,and fecondly in the flowers,both which are much varying, yea nothing necre the truepi&urc. 2 The fccond broad leafed Woolfes bane of the Valdenfes (or of thofe people fometimes called Sclauonians)hath one onely ftalke,and the fame rounde, two handes high; whereupon do grovvc three or fower leaues,feldome more,which be fomething harde, rounde,ffnooth, ofa light greene colour tending to blewnes,like the colour of the leaues of Woad, nicked in the edges. The flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes, of a yellow colour, leffer then thofe of the fielde Cro wfootc.,othcr- wife alike: in the place thereof groweth a knop or roundc head,wherein is the feede: the roote con- fifteth of nine of ten clogs; faftned togither with little firings vnto one head, like thofe of the white Afphodill. 3 Thora montuBddi. Mountaine Woolfes bane. 4 Thor a S&bzuiica. Sauoie Woolfes bane. Fff 1 •kThe THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^ The defeription. 3 Woolfes banc of the mount Baldus hath one ftalke,fmooth and plaine, in the middle whereof- come foorth two leaues and no morc,wherein it differeth from the other of the Valdens , hauing likewile three or fowerfbarpe pointed leaues, narrowe and fomewhat iagged at the place whei.e the ftalke dimdeth it felfe into finaller branches; whereon do growe Imall yeilowe flowers like the precedent,but much Idler. 4 Thar of Sauoie hathlikewife an vpright ftalke, lmooth,and ofa greene colour, in the middle whereof growe two leaues, of an ouerworne blewifh colour: the flowers are fomewhat bigger then theprecedent,andofthefame colour. is The place. Thefe venemous plants do grow on the Alpes, and the mountaincs of Sauoie and Switzerland: Thefirft grow plentifully in thecountreyofthe Valdens, whoinhabitepartof thofe mountaincs towards Italie. The other is found on Baldus, a mountaine of Italy. They are ftrangers in England, k The time. They flower in March and Aprill,their feede is ripe in Iune. k The names. This kinde of Aconite or Woolfes banc is called 7 hora , Taura^nd Tura, it is furnamed Faldcn- JJs 3 that it may differ from Napellus, or Munckes hoodc,which is likewile named Thora. K^duicen maketh mention of a cerraine deadly herbe in his fourth booke, lixtFen. called Far - finr> it is harde to afhrme this fame to be Thora Valdenfispr Munkes hoodc of Valdenfia: in En^lifh we may call it round leafed Munkes hood,and lb of the reft 3 as is let downe in their feuerall titles. kThe temperature andvertues . The force of thefe Woolfes banes, are mod pernicious and poifonfbmc,and ( as it is reported) exceedcth the malice of TVjtpeilw, or any of the other Woolfes banes,as we haue laid, g They fay that it is of fuch force,that if a man dpecially, and then next fower footed beafts or any other wilde bead be wounded with an arrowe or other inftrument dipped in the iuice heereof, doth die within halfe an bower after remediieffe. k The defeription. T His kinde of Aconite is called i^Afconitum hyemale Belgarum , of Dodonaus L^conitum luttum- minus, in Englifh Woolfes bane, or fmallyeilowe Woolfes bane, whofe leaues come foorth of the groundein the dead time of winter, many times bearing the Ihowe vponthe heades of his leaues and flowers; yea the colder the weather is, and the deeper that the fnoweis, the fairer and larger is the flower; and the warmer that the weather is, the lefieristhe flower, and woorfe coloured : thefe leaues I la c come foorth of the grounde immediately from the roots with a naked, foft, and flender ftemme, deepely cut or iagged on the leaues, of an exceedingfaire greene colour, in themidftof which commeth foorth a yellow flower, in Ihew or fafhion like vn- to the common fieidc Crowfoote , after which followe fundrie cods full of brovvne leedes like the other kindes of Aconites: the roote is thicke, tuberous, and knottie, like to the kindes of Anemone. Aco - , 4 . T HI S T O R IE OF PLANT S* 819 Aconittm byemule. Winter Woolfes bane. ,a :.sic C 5 4 A or ii The place. It groweth vpon the mountaines of Germanie: we haue great quantise of it incur London gar¬ dens. The time. It flowreth inlanuaric; the feede is ripe in f'ne end of March. •& The names. It is called cAconitum hyemale , or Ether mint, or winter Aconite: that it is a kindeof Aconite or Woolfes bane, both the ferine of theleaues and cods,and alfo the dangerous faculties of the herbe it felfe do declare. It is much like to AconitamTheophmflt , which he deferibeth in his 9. booke faying , it is afhort herbe, hailing no mtcfov, orfuperfliious thing gro¬ wing on it, and is without branches as this plant is: the roote faith he is like to or to a nut, or elfeto>o^*?>adriefigge, onely the leafe feemeth tomakeagainftit, which is nothing at all like to that of Succory,which he compareth it vnto. tfr The temperature andvertnes. This herbe is counted to be very dangerous and - deadly: hot & drie in the fourth degree, as 7 heoph. inplainewordes doth teftifieconcerning hisowne •^Aconite jfor which he faith that there was ncuer founde his antidote or remedie: whereof i^Athe- naus and Theopompm write, that this plant is the mod poifbncft herbe of all others, which mooned Ouii tofaie Qua qtiu nafeuntur dura viuacia.caute: notwithftandingit is not without his peculiar vertues. Joachimus Carrier arius now liuingin Noremberg faith, the water dropped into the eyes ce afeth the paine and burning: it is reported to preuaile mightily againft the bitings of fcorpions, and is of fuch force, that if the fcorpion pafie by where it groweth and touch the fame, prefent- lyhebecommethdull, heatiie, and fencelefle, and if the fame fcorpion by chance touch thewhite Hellebor ,is prefently deliuered Lorn his drowfines. fvt( '•/ • r ' Of Aditridate Woolfes bane . Chap . 358 , ^ The defeription. T His plant called Anthora , being the antidote againft the poifon of Thor a , cAconite , or Woolfes baue, hath {lender hollowe ftalkes,very brittle, a cubitehigh, garniilied with fine cut or iagged Ieaues,very like to Nigella Romanapt the common Larkes fpurre, called Con felt - da Regxlti ;at the top of the ftalkes do growefaire flowers,fafhionedlike a little helmet,ofan ouer- worneyellowe colour; after which come fmallblackifhcods, wherein is conteined black (timing leede like thofe of Oinions; the roote confifteth of diners knobs or tuberous lumps,of the bignefie of a mans thuinbe. Fff a Anthora 8io THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE . : . ■ - - ' a The place. This plant which the Grecians terme , groweth abundantly in the Alpcs, called 'Rbeticijn Sauoie,& in Liguria. The Ligurians of Taurinum and thole that dwell neere the lake Lemanus, haue founde this herbe to be a prefent remedie againft the deadly poifon of the herbe Thora, and the reft ofthe Aconites, prouided that when it is brought into the garden, there to be kept for Philickes vie, it muft not be planted neere vnto any of the Aco¬ nites: for through his attradtiue quality, it wil draw vntoitlelfethemaligne and venemous poifon of the Aconite , whereby it will become of the like qualitie,that is, to become poilonoiis likewile: but being kept farre off, itretaineth hisowne naturall qualitie ftill. The time. It flowreth in Auguft,the feed is ripe in the end of September. •it The names. The inhabitants cf thelakeofGeneua, and the Piemontoile do call it Anthora, and the common people ^Anthoro. Auicen calleth a certaine herbe which is like to Munkes hoode, as a remedy againft the poilbn therof,by the name of Nape Hu*. Moyjis in the 500. chapter of his fecondbooke, and in the 745. chapter, hefaith, that Zedoaria doth growe with Igapellus or Mnnks hoode,and that by realon of the neerenes of the lame,the force and ftrength therof is dulled and made weaker, and that it is a Treacle,that is, a counterpoilbn againft the viper Munks hood,and all other poilbnsrand heerupon it folio weth,th at it is not onely Moyfis Nap dim, butalfo Zedoaria Avicenna, notwithftanding the apothecaries do fell another Zedoaria differing from Anthora, which is a roote of a longer forme, that not without caule is thought to be ^Auicens and Scrapios Zerumbeth,ot Zurnmbcth. It is called Anthora ,as though they Ihould faie Antithora , bicaufe it is an enimie to Thora , and a connterpoifon to the fame. Thora and Anthora , or Turn and Anturafa me to be newe wordes,but yet they are vied in Marcellus Empericus.^w old writer, who teacheth a medicine to be made of T u- ra and Antttra , againft the pin and webbe in the eies: in Englifh yellowe Munkes hoode, yellowe Helmet ftowcr,and Aconites mithridatc. & T he vert ties. A Therooteof ^7^r4iswoonderfullbitter,itisanenimietoallpoifons: itisgood forpurgati- ons 5 for it voideth by the ftoole both waterie and {limy humours, killeth and driueth foorth all ma- ner of wormes ofthe belly. B Hugo Sclerim faith,that the rootes of Anthora do largely purge not onely by the ftoole, but alfo by vomite: and that the meafure thereof is taken to the quantitie of Fajclus, (which is commonly called a beane)in broth or wine, and is giuen to ftrong bodies. {-Antonin* Guancrius doth fhew, that Anthora is of great force,yea and that againft the p lague, in his treatie of the plague; the feconde difference,the thirde chapter; and the roote is of like ver- tues,giuen with Dittanie,which I haue feene faith he by experience: and further faith,it is an herbe that groweth hard by that herbe Thora,o£ which there is made a poifon, wherewith they of Sauoy and thofe parts adiacent,do enuenome their arrovves, the more ipeedily to kill the wilde Goates, andothervvildebeaftsof the Alpifh mountaines. kndthis roote ^Anthora is the Bezoar orcoun- terpoilon to that Thora ,which is of fo great a venome, as that it killeth all lining creatures with his poilbnfome qualitie,and thus much Guanenm. Anthorafiue Aconitum falutiferum. HolfomeWoofes bane. Simon HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 821 . simon Unuenfs Hath alfo made mention of Anthora^nd ^Arnoldus Fillanouanus in his treatic of L> poifons: but their writings do declare that they did not well knowc kM, nthora. Of yellow Woolfes bane . Chap . 359. He The kindes. T Here be diuers forts of Woolfes bane, moft of them bring foorth flowers of a yellowe colour, others blew,or tending to purple: among the yellowe ones there is one greater, another lefler. Aconitumluteum ponticum . Yellow Woolfes bane. He The defer iption, T He yellowe kindc of Woolfes bane called Acomtumluteumponticum , or according to Dodonaus, ^Aconitum LycoElonon lutewn mx~ itts : in Englifh yellowe Woolfes bane, (whereof this our age hath founde out fundrie forts not known to Diofcorid.es , although lome of the forts feeme to ftande indifferent betweene the kindes of Ranunculus,Hellcbortu , and Tfapellus:) this yel¬ lowe kinde I faie hath large fhining greene leaues fafhioned like a vine, and of the fame bignefie, deepcly indented or cut, not much vnlike the leaues of Geranium FuJcum,ov blacke Cranes bill, the ftalks are bare or naked,not bearing his leaues vpon the fame ftaikes, one oppofite againfl: ano¬ ther, as in the other ofhis kind: his ftalks grovvvp to the hight of three cubits, bearing very fine yel¬ low flovversjfantaftically fafhioned & in fuch ma- nerfhaped , that I can very hardly deferibe them vntoyou. They are fomewhat like vnto the hel¬ met Munkes hoode, open and hollow at one end, firme and {hut vp at the other: his rootes are ma- nie, compact of a number of threddieor blackc firings, of an ouerworne yellow colour,fpreading farre abroade eucry way , foulding themfelues one within another very confufedly. This plant groweth naturally in the darke hillie forrefts ,and fhadowie woods , which are not trauelled nor hauntedjbut by wilde and fauage beafts, an d is thought to be the flrongeft and next vnto Thor a in his poifoning qua 1 ide,of all the reft of the Aconites,or Woolfes banes j infomuch that if a fewe of the flowers be chewed in the mouth,and fpet foorth againe prefen tly, yet foorthwith it burnetii the iawes and toong,caufing them to fwell, and making a certaine fwimmingor giddines in the head. This calleth to my remembrance an hiftorie of a certain gentleman dwelling in Lincolnfhire, called Mahevve, the true report whereof my very good friend mafter Nicholas Belfon , fometimes fellowc of Kings Colledge in Cambridge,hath dcliuered vnto me: Mafter Mahevve dwelling in Bofton, a ftudentinPhificke, hauing occafion to ride through the Fennes of Lincolnfhire, foundea roote that the hogs had turned vp, which feemed vnto him very ftrange and vnknowne, for that it was in the fpring before the leaues were out: this roote he tailed, and it fo inflamed his mouth, toong, and lips,that it caufed them to fwell very extremely, foihat before he coulde get tothetowneof Bofton he coulde not fpcake, and no doubt had loft his life, if chat the Lord Godhadnotblefl'ed thofe good remedies which prefently he procured and vfed. I haue heere thought good to exprefle this hiftorie,for two efpecially caufes; the firft is, that fome induftrious and diligent obferuer of nature,may be prouoked to fecke foorth that venemous plant, or fome ofhis kindes: for I am cer¬ tainly perfwaded that it is either the Thor a Valdenfmm ,or Aconitum luteurn ,whereof this gentleman Fff 3 tafted. 8-2 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE tailed, which two plants haue not at any time beene thought to grp we naturally in Englande: the other caule is,for that I would warne others to beware by that gentlemans harme. & The place. This vellowe Woolfes bane gfovveth in my garden, but not wilde in Englande, or in any other ofthde northerly regions. & The time. It flowreth in the end of Iune.fomewhat after the ocher Aconites. ie The names . This yellow Woolfes bane is called of Id Obelius.Aconititm luteumponticumox Pontick Woolfes bane. There is mention made in Diofcorides his copies of three Woolfes banes, of which the hun¬ ters vfe one, and Phifitions the other two. Marccllus Vergilim holdeth opinion that the vie of this plant is vtterly to be refilled in medicine. The temperature and vertues. A Thefacultieofthis Aconite, as alfo of the other Woolfes bancs,is deadlv to man, andlikewife to all other lining creatures. B It is vied among the hunters which feeke after Woolfes, the iuice whereof they put intorawe fkfh^which the Woolfes deuoure *cnd are killed. Of other Woolfes banes that are not yellow. Chap .3 6 o. & The kin des. • r “P f Here be alfo other kindes of Woolfes banes, which differ from the former in colour of the flo- wers; am ongfl; the which our common Munks hoode might be taken, but itis deferibed apart, for good and elpeciall caufes. I Lycoclononflore Delphmij. Larkes hcele Woolfes bane. Hr v 2 Lycoclonon Cdruleumparmm. Small blew Woolfes bane. it T he description. i »His kind of Woolfes bane ( called Acomtum Lycotfonum, and of Do donates Lyceflonon Del- § phinij, by realon of the fha£)e and likenes that the flower hath with Delphinium , or Munkcs hoode, and in Englifh itis called blacke Woofes bane:) hath many large leaues, of a ve- rie deepe greene 3 or ouerworne colour,very deepely cut or lagged: among which rileth vp a (hike, two historie OF PLANTS. two Clibits high.whereupon do grow flowers fashioned like an Iioode,of a very ill fauoured blewifh colour, and»the thrums or thrc'ds within the hoode are blacke, the feede aifo blacke and three cornered, growing in (mall huskes: the roote thicke and knobbie. 2 xhis kinde ofWoolfes bane,called Lycoclmon C&rulcum par mm facie CtfapclU, in Englifh final! Woolfes bane,ortound Woolfes bane, hath many flender brittle ftalkes two cubits high,, bdet with Ieaues,very much iagged and like vnto Nape'llm f,called in Englifh Helmet flower: the flowers orowe at the top of the ftalkes,of a blewifh colour, fafhio ned aifo like an hoode, but wider open fhen any of the reft: the cods and feed are like vnto the othentbe roote is xounde and fmall,fafhio- ned like a Peare,or finallRape, or Turnep, which rnooued the Germaines to call the fame Bapf tt* i)lO£fl1Cn^ £ hat is in Latine, Flos rapacetts • in Englifh Rape flower. 3 Tpjipellus verus Car tile us. Blew Helmet flower. OL- - & The defeription. 3 This kind of Woolfs bane called Napellus ve- ruspn Englifh Helmet flower,or the great MLinks hood,beareth very faire and goodly blew flowers, in fh ape like an helmet, which are fo beautiful! that a man would thinke they were of feme excel¬ lent vercue,but Non ejlfemperfides kabenda front t. This plant is vniuerlally knownein-our London gardens,and elfe where; but naturally it groweth in the mountaines ofRhetica, and fundrie places of the Alpes,where you fhallftnde the grafle that groweth round it eaten vp with cattle,but no part of the herbe it felfe touched, except bycertaine flies,who in ftich abundant meafure fwarm about the fame, that they co.uer the whole plant: and (which is veryftrange) although thei'e flies doe with great delight feede heereupon , yet of them there is confededan antidote or moft auaileable medicine againft the deadly bite of the be aft or worme called Taranta , or any other venomous bead whatfoeuer; yea, an excellent remedie not onely againft the poifbn of the Aconites, but ail other poifons whatfoeuenthe medicine of the fore faid flies is thus made.Takc of the flies which haue fedde themfelues as is aboue mentioned, in num¬ ber twenty, of Ariflolochia rotunda , and bole Ar- moniackofech a dram. There is a kinde ofWoolfes bane, which Do don am reporteth he found in an old written Greeke booke in die Emperours Jibrarie at Vienna,vnder the title of ^AcomtumLycofitonumy. hat anfwereth in all points vnto Dtofcortdes his description, except in the leaues. It hath leaues faith he, like vnto the Plane tree, but Idler,and more full of iagges,and diuifions, a (lender ftalke as Feme, of a cubite high,bearing his feede in longccds: it hath black roots,in fhape like Creauifes. Heerunto agreerh the Emperours pidure in all things failing in the leaues,which are neither fo large, nor fo much di- uided,but notched or toothed like the teeth of a fa w. Theplace. All the kinds of Woofes.bane do growe in my garden,except AconitumLycoclonon ,taken foorth ofthe Emperours booke. 5% The time. Thele plants do flower from Maie vnto the ende of Auguft. The names. 1 he fli ft i s Lycoclom [pedes ,or a kind of Woolfes bane,and is as hurtful! as any of the reft, & cal. led or V Obeiius AoonitwnDclphinfoih.zdkz^pwi Woolfes bane: Auu enfpczketh heerofinhisfe- cond booke,and afterwards in his 4.book,Fen.<5.the firft treatife, hauing his reafons why and wher- fore he liath feparated this fro Ghmnach ad/pyhzt is to fay, the Woolfes ftragler,or Woolfes bane. v Fff 4 The 8*4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE The later and barbarous Herbarifts do call this laft Woolfes bane in Latine Nape Hut, of the fi¬ gure and iEapeoftherooceofjV^a*, or Njiuety or Nauewe gentle, which the grauer hath omit¬ ted in the figure: it is likewiie Lycoftoni facies, ora kinde of Woolfes bane, which is alfo called Tox;cum ; for Tox'mim is a deadly medicine,where with the hunters poifon their fpeares, darts,and arrowes,that bring prefent death :fo named of arrowes which the Barbarians call Toxeumata , and Toxa. Diofcovides fetting downe the fymptomes or accidents to Toxicum , togither with the re¬ medies, reckonethvpalmoftthe very fame that Auicen doth concerning Napellu *: notwithftan- ding Amcen writeth of Nape Urn and Toxicumfeue rally, but not knowing what Toxicumxs (as he himfelfeconfefleth) fo that it is not to be maruellcd that hailing written of NjipeUus , he fhouldc afterwards intreate againe of T oxium. i The nature and vertues. \ All thefe plants are hot and dry in the fourth degree,and of a moft venemous qualitie. g The force and facukie of Woolfes bane is deadly both to man and ail kinds of beafts: the fame was tried of late in Anwarpe,and is as yet frefh in memorie by an euident experiment, but mod la, mcncablc,for when the heroes heereof were by certaine ignorant perions fcrued vp in fallades,all that did eat thereof, were prefently taken with moft cruell fymptomes, and fo died, as we hauefaid in the former chapter. C The fymptomes that followethofe that do eateofthefe deadly herbes are thefe; their lips and toongs (Well foorthwith, their eies hang out, their thighes are ftiife,and their wits are taken from thcm,as Auicen writeth in his 4. booke.The force of this poifon is fiich, as if the points of darts or arrowes be touched with the fame,it bringeth deadly hurt to thole that be wounded therewith. f> Againft fo deadly a poi{or\yAuicen reckoneth vp certaine remedies which helpe after the poifon it feife is vomited vp,& among thefe he maketh mention of the Moufe (as the copies eucry where haue)nourifhed and fed vp with Nape Hus, which is altogither an enimieto the poifonfome nature thereof,and deliuereth him that hath taken it from all perill and danger. ]£ Anionim Guanerim of Pauia,a famous Phificion in his age,in his treatie of poifons is of opinion, thatitisnotamoufethat^»/« 72 fpeakethof,buta Flic: for he telleth of a certaine Philofopher that did very carefully and diligently make fearch after this Moufe, and neither coulde finde at any time either Moufe, or the roote of Woolfes bane gnawne or bitten, as he had read, but in fear- ching he founde manic flics feeding on the leaues, which the fame Philfopher tooke,and made of them an antidote or counterpoifon, which he founde to be good and effe&uall againft other poi¬ fons, but efpecially the poifon of Woolfes bane. p This compofitionconfiftethof two ounces of Terra lemma y as many of the berries of the Bale tree,andthelikewaightof mithridate, 24. of the flies thathaue taken their repaftvpon Woolfes bane, of hony and oile Oliue a fuflicient quantitie. G The fame opinion that Guancrius is of, Petrus Pena, and Mathias de Id Obel, doalfo holder who affirme that there was newer feene at any time any Moufe feeding thereon, butfaie that there be flies which refbrt vnto itby fwarmcs,andfeedenot onely vpon the flowers, but on the herbe alfo. it The danger. There hath been little heeretofore fet downe concerning the vertues of the Aconites,but much might be laid of the hurts that hauecome heereby, as the wofull experience of the late lamentable example at Anwcrpe,yet frefh in memorie doth declare,as we haue faide. •0 .. j i a* 5 Ofblacks Hellebor. Chap.^61. it The defeription. 1 ^|—< Hefirft kinde of Blackc Hellebor, fettethfoorth vnderthis titl tVeratrumnh 1 grum as vn fitly and vnproperly, as if a man fhould call Inke Atramentum nigrum , whereas indeed this word Atr amentum doth import his blacknes: it might haue beene called V?rx- trum onely without this epithete Nigrum , and may properly be called in Englifh Blackc Hellebor, which is a name moft fitly agreeing vnto the true and vndoubted Blacke Hellebor: for the kindes and other forts thereof which heereafter follow, arc falfe or baftard kindes thereof. This plant hath thicke and fat leaues, of a deepe greene colour: the vpper part whereof is fomewhat bluntly nicked HISTORIE OF PLANTS. $25 or toothed,hailing fundrie diuifions or cuts 3 in fomc Ieafe manie, in others fewer, like vnto the fe¬ male Peonie .,or Smrnium Cretuum. It beareth Rofe fafnioned flowers vpon Render ftemmes,gro¬ wing immediately out of the grounde an handful high, like the flowers of Cyclamen , fometimes veriewhite, and often mixed with a littlefheweofpurplc, which being vaded,there fucceede /mail huskes full of blacke leedes; therootes are manie with long blacke ftrings comming from one head. 2 The fecond kinde ofBlacke Hellebor called of Pena Heleboraftrum , and of Dodonsm Feratrum ftcundum: in Englifh Baftarde Hellebor, hath leaues much like vnto the former, but narrower and blacker; each leaf e being much iagged or toothed about the edges like a fa we. Tne ftalkes grow to the heightofafoote or more,diuidingthemfelues into other branches tovvardes the top ; whereon do grow flowers not much vnlike to the former in fhew, faue that they, are of a greenifh herbie co¬ lour. The rootes are ffnall and threddie, but not fo blacke as the former. I Helleborm niger 'verus. 2 Hellebor aft rum. The true blacke Hellebor. W ilde blacke Helleb or. 3 ? Thedefcription. 3 The third kind of Black Hellebor called of Pena Hellebor after maximutjwixh this addition Flore drfeminepr agnans, that is bearing both flowers and feede (which the reft of the fame kind do not at all, or veuc little) and may be called in Englifh the great wilde Blacke Hellebor: hath leaues lOmewhat like the former wilde Hellebor, faue that they be verie much greater, more iagged, and more deepely cut. The ftalkes grow vp to the height of two cubits, diuiding themfelues at the top into fundrie Imalibraunches, whereupon grow little rounde and bottle-hke hollow greenc flowers: aiter which comefoorth feedes which come to perfect maturitie and ripenes. T he roote confifteth ofmanie fmall blacke firings,inuolued or wrapped one within another verie intricately, 4 The fourth kinde of Blacke He lebor called of Pena and llObelius ( according to the deferip- tion of Cor dw and Ruelhm) Sejamoides magnum,and Confthgo : in Englifh Oxeheele,or Setterwoort: which 2i6 THE $ECOND(BOOKE OF THE which names are taken from his vertues, in curing oxen and fuch like cartel!, as fhallbee fnewed afterwardin thenames thereof: itisfowellknowenvntothe moftfortof people, by chenameof Bearfoote 3 that I (hall not haue caufe to fpend much time about the delcripcion. 3 Helleboraftermaximm. 4 Confiltgo kuellij & Sefamoides magnum Conk. The great Oxeheele. Setterwoort 3 or Bearfoote. *$<■ The place. Thefe Hellebors growe vpon rough and craggie mountaines: the two laft do grow wilde in ma¬ ny woods and fhadovvie places in England: we haue them all in our London gardens. 7 he time. The firft flowreth about Chriflmas,if the winter be milde and warms: the others later. ii 7 he names. It is agreed among the later writers, that thefe plants are Feratra nip-a : in Englifh Blacke Hel¬ lebors : in G reeke uJras; in Italian E lie boro nero : in Spanifh Verde gambre negro : of diuers McUmpodion, bicaufeit was fir ft found by Melampos, who was Bril thought to purge therewith Trains his mad daughters, and to reflore them to health. Deofcorides writeth, that this man was a fhepherd: others a loothfayer. In high Dutch it is called vffljjflfiBUft h that is,Chrifks herbe, or Chriftmas herbe: in low Dutch IgtViitl) £\£t 0 X£lttGand that bicaufe it flowreth about the birth of our Lord Iefus Chrift. The fecond kind was called of Fuchfms Pfeudohelleborus , and Veratrtmnignern adulterintrn; which is in Englifh., Falfe or baftard blacke Elellebor. Moft name it Con fritgo\ bicaufe the husbandmen of our time do herewith cure their cattell, no other.wile than the olde Farriers or Horfeleeches were wont to do, thatis,they cut a flit or hole in the dewlap, astheyterine it (which is an emptie skin ■voder the throteofthe be aft) wherein they puta pecceof therooteof Setterwoort, or Bearfoote* fuifering it there toremaine for certaine daies togither:which manner of curing they do call Sette- ring of their cat tell, and is a manner of ro welling, as thefaide Horfeleeches do their horfes with horfehairetwifted^orfuchJike, and as in Chirurgerie we do vfqwith hike, which in fteede of the word Seton'l a certaine Phiimon called it by the name Rowell, a worde very vnproperly fpoken of a v learned HlSTOR IE OF PLANTS. 827 learned man, bicanfe there would be fome difference betwixt men and beaftes. This maner of Sec¬ uring of catte!l,helpcth the difeafe of the lungs,the cough,and wheeling. Moreouer,in the time of peftilcnce or murrainc,ar any other difcale affedting cartel], they put the roote into the place afore- laid,which drawcch vntb it all the venemous matter,and voideth it foorch at the wound.The which Abfyrtits ar>d Hieroclc$ the Grcel e Horfcleeches hauc at large let downe. And is called in Englifh BeaToote Setterwoott,and Settergiafte. - Tlietliirde and fourth are name J in the Germane toong LoluffktdUG thati s Peduncular is, or Lowliegrafic : for it is thought to deftroy and kill lycc, and not onelvlyce, but fheepe and other catt'efhand may be reasoned among the Bearfootcs,as kindes thereof. •V The temperature. Blacke Hellebor,as Galen holdcth opinion, is hotter and bitterer than the white Hellebor: in like manner hot and dric in the third degree. is The vet tries. Blacke Hellebor purgeth downwardes flegme, cholcr, and alfo blacke cholerclpecialiy, and all A melancholike humors,yet not without trouble and difftculne. Therefore it is not to be giuen but to robuftious and ftrong bodies,as Mejues tcacheth. A purgation of blacke Hellebor is good for mad and furious men, for melancholike, dull, and heauie perfons^ for thofe that are troubled with the falling ftekneffe, for lepers, for them that are fickc of a quartainc ague,and briefly for all thofe that are troubled with blacke choler,and molcfted with melancholie. The maner of giuingit (meaning the firft blacke Hellebor) faith Acfuarius'm his fir ft booke, is B three fcriiples,little more or Idle. Itis giuen with wine of raifons and oxymel, but for pleafantnes fake, fome fwcete and odorife- G rous feedes muft be put vnto it: but if you would haue it ftronger,adde thereunto a graine or two of Scamonic, 1 hus much Acluanui. The firft of thefe kinds is beft, then the fecond; the reft are of leffc force. The rootes take away the Morphcw and blacke fpots in the skin, tetters, ringwoormes, Iepro- fics,andlcabs. The roote lodden in pottage with flefh,openeth the bellies of fuch as haue the dropfte. F The root of baftarde Hellebor, called among our Englifh women Bearefootc, fteeped in wine G and drunken ,looferh the belly,euen as the true blacke Hellebor,and is good againft all the difeales whereunto blacke Hellebor feructh,and killeth wormes in children. It doth his. operation with more force and might,if it be made in to powder, and a dram thereof H be rcceiued in wine. The fame boiled in water with Rue and Agrimonie, cureth the iaundile, and purgeth yellow fu- I perfluities by fiege. Thcleaues of baftard Hellebor dried in an ouen after the bread is drawne out, and the powder K thereof raken in a figge or raifon, or ftrawed vpon a pecce of bread fpred with honie and eaten, kii- Icth wormes in children exceedingly. Of Diofcorides his blacky Hellebor . Chap . 3 61 . is The defenption. T His kinde of blacke Hellebor fer foorth by ilGbelhu vnder the name Lsiftrantitt n/gra > agreeth very vveilin fhape with the true '^ijlrantta, which is alfo called Imperatoua ; neuer- theleffe by the content of Drefcondes and other authors who haue exprefted this plant for a kind of Verntrum nigrum or black Hellebor, it hath many blackifh greene leaues, parted cr cut into- fowerorfiue deepe cuts, after the maner of the Vine leafe, very like vnto thofe of Sanickle, both in giecnnes of colour,and alfo in proportion. The ftalke is euen ,fmooth,and plainest the top where¬ ofgrow flowers in little tufts or vmbles,fettogither like thofe of Scabious, ofawhitifh light green colour,dalTit ouerfas it were)with a little darke purple : after which come the feede like vnto Carta- \tnttsy or baftard Saffron. The rootes are many blackifh threds faftned vnto one hcade 3 or mailer roote. There WO 8*8 ' THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Afrantiamgra. Blacke Mafterwoorts,or Bio [cor ides his blacke Hellebor. it The defeription. There is another plant which hath beene ac¬ counted of fome to be a kinde of blacke Helle¬ bor, whofefigurc we haue fet foorthfor one of the Arfmarts,called of fome Imp at tens Hcrba,an& others l^olime tangere , deferibed thus. It hath rounde leaues fharpe pointed, not vnlike to thole of Englifh Mercurie, verie tender, and of alight greenc colour. The ftalkc is fmall/ull of knees or ioints ; on the ends whereofftande little yellowe flowers,fafhioned like a fpani{h Caruell, broade at one ende, and turning vp the other like a little home, which being part, there fucceedc fmal{ cods,hke the (mall Celandine. it The place. Blacke Hellebor is found in the mountaines of Germanie, and in other vntilledand rough pla¬ ces : it profpereth in gardens, Bio/corides writeth that blacke Hellebor groweth allbin rough high and dry places: and that is bell which is taken from fuch like places as is that faith he, which is brought out of Anticyra,acitie in Greece :it gro¬ weth in my garden. it The time. This blacke Hellebor flowreth not in winter but in the fommer monethes. The herbe is greenc all the yeere thorow. it! he names. It is called of the later Hcrbarifts ^Aflr&ntio nigra , others Santculo (amino, : notwithftanding it differeth much from Afranttapx) herbe which is alio named Impcratoriap r Mafterwoort: the vul¬ gar people call it Pellitorie of Spaine,but vntruly; it maybe called blacke Mafterwoort,yetdoubt- lefle a kinde of Hellebores the purging faculcie doth fhewe: for it is certainethat diuers expert Philitions can witnes,that the rootes heereof do purge blacke and other humours, and that they themfelues haue perfe&Iy cured mad melancholicke people being purged heerewith: and that it hath a purging qualitie. Conrodus Gefnerus doth likewile tellifie in a certaine Epiftlc written to Adolphus Occo , in which he fheweth that Ajlrant/anigra is almoft as ftrong as white Hellebor; and that he himlelfe was the firft that had experience of the purging facultie thereof by liege, which things confirme that it is Biofcondes his blacke Hellebor. Biofcondcs hath alfo attributed to this plant all thofe names,that arc aferibed to the other black Hellebors.He faith further,that the feed therof in Anticyra is called Seftmoidesphc which is vfed to purge with, if lo be that the text be true and not corrupted,but it leemeth not to be altogitherper¬ fect.For if Sefamotd.es ,as Plmie faith,and the word itlelfe doth (hew,hath his name of the likcncsof Sefamwn , the (cede of this blacke Hellebor (hall vnproperly be called sefamoides, not like to that of Sejamumi but of Cnicus or baftard Saffron: by thefe proofes we may fufpedfc, that thele wordes arc brought into Biofcortdes from fome other author. it 7 he nature and, vertues. The faculties of this plant we haue already written to be by triall found like to thole of the other blacke Hellebor: notwithftanding thole that arc deferibed in the former chap ter,are to be accoun¬ ted of greater force. 0 } HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 82^ Of bcrbe Qhrijlopher. Chap. 363 . ChrtHophoriana. ' _ Herbe Chriftopher. # The defeription. A Lthough herbe Chriftopher bee none of the Bindweedes, or of thofe plants which haue neede of fupporting or vnderprop- ping, wherewith it may dims orrampe; yetbi- caule it beareth grapes, or drifters of berries, it might haue beene numbred among the ot, or thofe that growe like Vines. Itbringeth foorth little tender ftalks, a foote long,or not much lon¬ ger; whereupon do growe fundrieleaues fet vpon a tender footeftalke, which do make one Jeafe, fomewhat iasgedor cut about the edges, of a light greene colour, growing at the top of the ftalkes, after the manner of a fpikie flower, or care of cor ne: which being paft, the fruit fuccec- deth round, fomewhat long, andblacke when it is ripe, hauing vpon the one fide a ftreaked fur¬ row or hollownefte growing neere togither, as do the drifters of grapes. The roote is thicke, blacke without,yellow within like Boxe,with ma¬ ny trailing firings annexed thereto, creeping far abroad in the earth, whereby it doth greatly in- creafe,and Iafteth long. it The place. Herb Chriftophcr groweth in the north parts of Englande, neere vnto the houfo of theright worfhipfull fir William Bowes. I haue receiued plants thereof from Robinns of Paris for my gar - den,where they flourifh. it The time. ^ It floureth and flourifheth in May and Iune,and the fruit is ripe in the end of fommer. it 7 he names. It is called in our age chriflophoriana, and S.ChriTtophori herba: in Englifh Herbe Chriftopher. Some there be that name it Colins niger-, others had rather haue it o 4conittim bacciferum: it hath no likenefie at all,nor afhnitie with Cojlus, as the fimpleft may perceiue that doknowe both.But doubt- lelTc it is of the number of the Aconites,or Woolfes bane, by reafon of the deadly and pernicious qualitie that it hath,like vnto Woolfes bane, or Leopards bane. it The temperature. The temperature of herbe Chriftopher anfwereth thofe of the Aconites,as we haue laid. it The vertues. I finde little or nothing extant in the ancient or later writers-, of any one good propertie where- A with any part of this plant is poftefted, failing that there may be giuen of the leaues or fruit hereof, as much at one time inwardly,as of Realgar, or Rats bane. Therefore I wifh thofe that loue new me¬ dicines, to take heede that this be none of them, for bicaufe the venemous aualitie thereof is moft deadly and remedilefle. Of Teionie. Chap . 364 .. T it Thekindes. Here bethreePeionies,one male, and two females defcribedoftheancients, thelatcr writers haue f ound out fower more, one of the female kinde called Ptonia Pumila, or dwarfe Peionic, and 8$o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE and another called Paontxprom fern feu neutra, Baftarde,Misbegotten,or neither of both, but as it were a plant participatingof themaleand female, one double Peionie with white flowers, and a fourth kinde bearing fingle white flowers. & The defer ration. 5 He firft kinde of Peionie(being the male,called Paonix mas, inEnglifh male Peionie)hath I thicke red ftalkes a cubite long: the leaues be great and large, confuting of diuers leaues growing or ioined togither vpon one {lender ftem or ribbe, not much vnlike the leaues of the Walnut tree,both in fal"hion and greatnes ;at the top of the (talks grow faire large red flowers verie like roles, hauingalfo in the midft yellow threds or thrums, like them in the Role called An¬ ther a--, which being vaded and fallen away, there come in place three or fower great coddes or huskes which do open when they be ripe; the inner part of which cods are of a faire red colour, wherein is contained biacke fhining and polifhed (cedes, as big as a Peafe, and betweene eueric blacke feede is couched a red or crimfon (eed,which is barren and emptie.The roote is thicke,greac and tuberous,like vnto the common Peionie. 2 There is a kinde of Peionie,ca!Ied of Dodonaus Peoniafceminx prior,of L’Ohelius Paoniafeerntm, in Engliili female Peionie,which is (b well knowne vnto all that it needeth not any defeription. 3 The thirde kinde of Peionie (which peawfettethfoorth vnder the name P aotttx fotminx Poly¬ ant ho s, Dodon&us Paomafamtnx fbs multiplex, in Engliili double Peionie)hath leaues, rootes, and flowers like the common female Peionie, faue that his leaues are not fo much iagged, and are of a lighter greene colour: the rootes are thicker and more tuberous; and the flowers much greater,ex¬ ceeding doubie,of a very deepe red colour, in (liape and fafhion very like the great double Role of Proucnce,but greater and more double,, 4 There HI ST O R IE OF PLANTS. 8j.i j. There is found another fore of the doublePeionie not differingfrom the precedent in fhlkes, caues or rootes: this plant bringeth foorth white flowers wherein confifteth the difference. W Thedefcription. There is another kinde of Peionie ( called of DodonausPnonia famino, altera, but of Pena Pnon : a Promt(cua Jeuneutra: inEnglifh Maiden or Virgine Peionie) that is like vnto the common female Peionie /ailing that his leaues and flowers are much flnaller , and the Aalkes fhorter, and beareth red flowers,and feede alfo like the former. We haue likewife in our London gardens another fort bearing flowers of a pale whitifh colour, very Angle,refembling the female wilde Peionie,in other relpe&s like the double white Peionie, The place. All the forts ofPeionies do grow in our London gai dens,except that double Peionie with white flowers,which we do expert from the lowe countries of Flaunders. The male Peionie groweth wilde vpon a conie berrie in Bctfome, being in the parifh of South- fleete in Kent,two miles from Grauefend, and in the grounde fometimes belonging to a Farmer there called Iobn Bradley . # The time. They flower in May,tbc feede is ripe in Iuly. & The names. The Peionie is called in Greeke m.tovU : in Latine alfo Paonia, and Dulcifida : in fhops Pionia: in high Dutch tin low Dutch ''Ifltt in French Ptnoine: in Spanifh Roft del monte; in Englifh Peionie: it hath alfo many baftardc names, as Rofa fatuina, HerbaCafa, of forae Lunari&p r Lunar>a Pnonta: bicaufc it cureth thofe that haue the falling fleknes, whom mofl mendocall/^a^/^r, orLunaticke. It is called /data Dattylun which agreeth with the female Peionie, the second booke of the )Peionie,theknobbie rootes of which belike to Daclyli idzi, and Daclyli idai are cerraine precious ftenes ofthc forme of a mans finger, growing in the Hand Candie: it is called of diners Aglaopbctis, or Brightly fhining,taking his name of the fhiningand glittering graines, which are of the colour of Icarlet. I here be found two Aglaephotides, deferibed by AElianns in his i^boake ;ohe of the fea, in the ' 24xhapter: the other of tire earth, in the 27 . chapter. That of thefeais akmde of Fucks , or lea mode,which grovveth vpon high rocks,ofthebignesof Tamarisk,with the head of Poppie; which opening in the fommer Solftice doth yeeld in the night time a certaine fierie, and as it wereipark- ling brightnes or light. T hat of the earth,faith he, which by another name is called Cymfrstfus, lieth hid in the day time among the other herbes, and is notknowen at all, and in the night tune it is eafiiy feene : for it fhineth like a liar,and glittereth with a firie brightnefte. And this Aghophotis of the earth,or Cynofp (Iks, is Paonk\ for ^Apnleius faith, that the feedes or graines of Peionie fhine in the night time like a candle, and that plentie of it is in the night feafon found out and gathered by the'fhephcrds.Moreouer,? heopbrafius and Plinie do fhew,that Peiony is gathered in the night,which Ashantis alio affirmeth concerning Aglaophotis. This Aglaophoth of the earth, or Cynofpattw, is called of lofephtts the writer of the Ievves war, in bis feuenth booke 2 5. chapter B'aaras, of the place wherein it is found; which thing is plaine to him that coferrcth thefe things which Ashantis hath written of Aglaopbotts of the earth,or Cynoffasim with thofe which lujepbus h ath fet dovvne of Baaras: for At harms faith,that Cynofp a fit.a is not pluc¬ ked vp without danger; and that it is reported how he that fn ft touc hed ir,not knowing the nature thereof, perifhed. Therfore a firing muft be fafined to it in the night,and a hungrie dog tied there* to,who being allured by the fmellof rofied fiefhfet towards him, maypluckeit vp by the rootes. Jojephus allb^writethjthat Baara doth fliine in the euening like the day ftar,and that they who come neere,and would plucke it vp,can hardly do it,except that either a' womans vrine,or hir menfes be powred vpon it,and that fo it may be pluckt vp at the length. Moreouer,it is let downe by the faid author, as alio by Plinie and Theophrasins, that of necclfitie it muft be gathered in the night; for if any man ("hall plucke of the fruit in the day time,being feene of the Woodpecker, he is in danger to lole his eies ; and if he cut the roote, it is a chaunce if his fundament fall not out.The like fabulous tale hath beene fet foorth of Mandrake, the which I haue partly touched in the fame Chapter. But all thefe things be moft vaine and friuolous: for the roote of Peionie, as alio the Mandrake, may be remooued at any time oftheyeere,day orhowerwhat- foeuer. But it is no maruelljthat fuch kindes of trifles,and moft fuperftitious and wicked ceremonies arc found in the bookes of the moft ancient authors; for there were many things in their time very vainly fained and cogged in for oftentationlake, as by the Aegyptians and other counterfeit mates,as Phnie doth truly teftifie, an imitator of whom in times part,was one Andrea-s a Phifition, who as Galen faith, conucied into the art of phyfickelies, andlubtile delufions. For which caufc Galen commanded his fcholers to refraine from the reading of him , and ofall fuch like lying and deceitfull fycophants. It is reported that thefe herbes tooke the name of Peionie, or Paon, of that excellent Phifition of the fame name, who firft found out and taught the knowledge of this herbe vnto pofteritie- is The temperature. The roote of Peionie,as Galen faith,doth gently bmde with a kinde of fweetendle: and hath alfo ioined with it a certaine bitterifh Iharpnelfe : it is in temperature not very hot, little more than meanly hot; but it is drie and of fubtile partes. “h The 'vertues. Diofccrideswriteth, that the roote of the male Peionie being dried, is giuen to women that bee not well clenfed after their deliuerie, being drunke in Meade or honied water to the quantise of a beane; for it feowreth thofe parts, appeafeththe griping throwes and torments of the belly,and bringeth downe the defired ficknes. |3 Galen addeth, that it is good for thofe that haue the yellow iaundies, and paine in their kidneies and bladder, it clenfeth the liner and kidneies that are Propped. . Q It is found by fure and euident experience made by Galen , that the frefh roote tied about the necks of children, is an eifeduall remedie againftthe falling ficknefte; but vnto thofe that are grownc HISTORIE OF PLANTS. . 833 growen vp in more yeeres, theroote thereofmuft alfo be miniftred inwardly. ® j t js a lfo giuen faith ?lmie againft the difeafe of the minde. The roote of the male Peionie is pre- D ferredin this cure. . : 3 Ten or twelue of the red berries or feeds drunkc in wine that is (omething harfh or fower, aud E red do ftaie the inordinate fluxe,and are good for.theHone in the beginning. The blacke graines(that is the fecde)to the number of 15.taken in wine or meade, helpeth the F ftrangling and paines of the matrix or mother,andis a fpeciall remedic for thole chat are troubled in the night with the difeafe called Epbialtes, or night Mare, which is as though a heauic burthen Were laid vpon them,and they oppreffediherewith for as if they were ouercome of their enimies, or ouerp'reft with lome great waight or burdenjand arc alfo good againltmelancholike dreames. Syrupe made of the flowers of Peionie helpeth greatly the falling ficknes , likevyife the extra&i- q on of the rootes doth the fame. . .^r iLn .. u- r -or. //. " OftoothedYiolelSyOr (^oralJvpoortSi ' Obap^f. ■. / 7 ) ^ The k'mdes. " ~ ivcKinncs. T Herebcdiuersfortsof toothed Violets, or Cor all woorts hj»n<»rlared- /■ - . be declared. I Dent art a bulbifcrjt. Toothed Violet. 2 Dent aria The The defer ift ion. I ! ’"T h He firfb k’nde of Dentaria (called in Latine Dent aria baccifera,of Dodonaia Viola Dentarix prior in Englifh Dogs tooth Violet) hath a tuberous and knobbie roote, toothed, or as it were kneed like vnto the crags of Corall,of an vnpleafant fauour,and lomewhat lharpe in tafte; from which fpring foorth certaine fmall and (lender ftalkes a foote high, which haue leaiies Ggg i very 834 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE very much cut or iagged,like vnto thofe of Hempe, of the forme and fafhion of Afhen Ieaues: at' the top of the ftalkes do grow fmali white flowers,infhapelik zVioUmatronales, that is, Queenes Gillofiowers or rather like ftocke Gilloflowers, of a white colour, laid ouer with a light fpriiiklin^ of purple: among which come forth fmal knobs growing vpon the ftalks among the leaues,Tuch as are to be feene vpon the Cymijls Mart agon yv harh being ripe, do fall vpon the ground, whereof ma- nie other plants are ingendred. ' ' , a The fecond kinde of Dogstooth Violet,bringeth foortb fmali round ftalkes, firme and ftiffe, a footehighjbefet with Ieaues much broader, rounder, and greener then the former , bearing at the top many little flowers confifting of fewer fmali Ieaues, of a pale hcrbie colour, which being paft, there fucceede long and flehder cods,fomwhat like the cods oTQaeenesGillotlowers, wherein is contained finalf blackifh feede: thcroote is like the former, bfa not in euery refped much re- fembling Corall,yet white and tuberous notwithftanding. - , * 3 Dent aria Heptaphyllos Clusij % - The leauen leafed toothed Violet. U v> TV !.'*• S'- i > \ *£• 4 Dent Arm Pe-xtaphyRos Clusij, Fine leafed toothed Violet. VT The defeription . 3 1 he third kindof Dogstooth Violet,is called oRclufitu Denterk, beptaphyllos , that is, confifting offeuen Ieaues fattened vpon one rib,(mew,or fmali ftem 5 of L'O&etimwhh this title Alabaflntet altera,01 Dentar/a altera,: but Cor due called] it Coralloides altera: in Englifh Corail Violet; ithath ftalkes, flowers and rootes like vnto the firft of his kinde, fauing that the flowers are much fairer, and the rootes hauc a greater refemblance of Corail than the other. 4 The fourth kinde of Dogs tooth Violet, called in Englifh Codded Violet, which Clafmfex.- teth foorth vnder the title Dentayia Mathioli Pentaphyllos , which Pena doth alfo exprefle vnder the title of Tremor alii <^Alpina ; calleth it K^ilabattrites CoraRoides 3 and may very well be called in Englifh Cinkfoile VioIet:it hath Ieaues fb like the greater Cinkfoile,that it is hard to knowe one from another;therefore it might very well hauebeene reckoned among the herbes called Penta- phylla, that is fine lealed herbs.Thisplant groweth in the fliadowie forreft about Taurinum and the mountame HlSTORlE OF PLANTS. 835 niountaine Sauena,called Calcaris, and by the Rhcne not far from Bafill. The flalkes growe to the height of a cubite,befet with a tuft of flowers at the top, like vnto Sopewoort, which being vaded there fucceede long and fat cods like vnto Rocket, or the great Celandine, wherein is contained a fmall feede. All the whole plant is of a hot and bitter tafte. i he rootes are like vnto Corail,of a pale whitifh colour. ft The place. They growe on diuers fhadowie anddarkehils. Valerius Cordm writeth, that they arefoundc about the forreft Hcrcinia,not far from Northufium, moil: plentifully in a fat foile, that hath quar¬ ries of ftone in it.The firfl I haue in my garden. ft 7 be time. They flower efpecially in Aprill and May: the feede commeth to perfection in the end of Atiguft. ft The names. The Toothed Violet, or after fome Dogs tooth Violet, is commonly called Dent arid, of Cor dm Coral1oides,oC the roote that is in forme like to Corall .Mathiolm placeth it inter Sohdagincs dr Sym- phyta,among the Confounds and Comfreies. We had rather call them VioUDcntxnx, of the like- nefle the flowers haue with Stockgillofiowcrs. They may be called in Englifh Toothed Vio!ets,or Corall woorts. ft The temperature and vertues. Ihaticreadof few or no vertues contained in thefeherbes, failing thofe which fome women ha tie experienced to be in the firfl kinde thereof, and which c Jl-Uthiolm aferibeth vnto Ventaphylk dentaria the fourth kinde, in the fourth booke of his Commentaries vpon Diofcortdes , and in the chap.concerning Symphytum, where he faith that the root is vfed in drinkes which are made againft Enterocele and inward wounds, but efpecially thofe wounds and hurts, which haue entred into the hollowneffe ofthe breft. Of Cinkefoilejr Fiuefinger grajfe. Chap ^66. ft Thekindes . T Here be diuers forts ofCinkfoile,fome greater,others lefler ;fbme wilde or ofthe field, others tame or of the garden jfome of the woods and fliadowie places, others of the mountaines and flonie rocks. Likewife there be fome of the water or marrifh ground, and others of the champion and barren fandie grounds,which fhall be comprehended in this prefent chapte r. ft 7 he defeription. I r“* He firfl: kinde of Cinkfoilc or Qjinquefoile, hath round and fmall flalkes of a cubite high: j the leaues are large,and very much lagged about the edges, very like the common Oinke- foile: the flowers grow at the top of the Aalks.in fafhion like the common kind, but much greater,andof‘apaleor blcake yellowe, the roote is blacke without, and full of firings annexed thereto,and of woodie fubftance. 2 The fecond kind of CinkefoiIe,is Co common and fo vniuerfally knowne,that I thinke it a need- lefle trauellto ftand about the defeription. 3 The thirde kinde of Cinkefoile I haue named Album dr Purpnreum y (not that itis two kindcs comprehended vnder one figure)but bicaufe his leaues are whitilTn vnderneath, and his flowers ate ofa purple colour; which being part,there fucceedeth a rounds knop of feed like a Strawberrie,be¬ fore it be ripe: the ftalks are creeping vpon the ground: the roote is of a woodie fubflance, full of blacke firings appendant thereto. 4 The fourth kinde of Cinkefoile is yerie like vnto the other, efpecially the firfl and creat kir.de: the flalkes are a cubite high,and of a reddifh colour: the leaues confift of fiue parts, (oniewbat fnipn about the edges: the flowers grow at the top of the flalkes like vnto the other Ciukefoiles, failing that they be of a darke red colour; the roote is of a woodie fubflance with fome fibres or threddie firings hanging thereat. Ggg * QmnijHefolium THE SECOND EOOKE OF THE I Quinquefolium maim. Great Cinkfoile. 3 Pentafhyllum furfur eurn. Purple Cinkfoile. 2 Quinquefolzum vulgar?* Common Cinkfoile. 4 Pentafbyllum rubrumfdujhe. Marifh Cinkfoile. HIS TORIE OF'PLANTS. 837 The fife kinde of Cinkefoile groweth vpon the coldemountaincs of Saiioie , and in the valley ' Auftenfie.and in Narbonein Fiance (and if memorie faile not) I hauefeene the fame growing n g ee fton caftle in Chefhire: the leaues heerof are fewe and thinne fet,confiftmg of hue parts •e the other Cinkefoiles, oftentimes fixe or feauen fet roundc about the ftalke like Madder, not i Dt about theedees as the others,but plaine and frnooth: that fide of the leafe which is next the oundc is of a Pruning white colour, but the vpper part greenc, refembling Samcle: the flowers ■ow like (lars voon (lender (talks,by tufts and bunches,of a white colour, and (ometimes purple, . f a fliion like the flowers of AlchmtiU , or Ladies Mantle: the roote is full of firings, and oia rowneputple colour. The fixt kinde of Cinkefoile growing commonly in mod barren groundes, called Supimrn, is togither like the common garden Cinkfoile,fane that it is much lefier, which Pena letteth tooren ith this addition, TormentilUfacic, bicaufe it doth very much rcfemble Tormentill. 5 Pentaphyllum fietrofum Heptaphjllum Clusij. Stone Cinkfoile. 6 Pentaphyllum fitpinum. Vpright Cinkfoile. it The description. The feuenth kinde ofCinkefoile,ZV/?4 that diligent fearcher of Simples, foundeinthe Alpes fRhetia,ncere Clauena, andatthefirftfightfuppofedittobea kindeof Tormentilla } or Fenta~ aue that it had a more threddie roore,rather like Geranium^ it is ofa rufhie colour outward- ,haumg (bme fweete iinell ,reprefenting Gariophyllata in the fauor of his rootes, in leaues and flo- ers Cinkefoile and Torment ilia, and in the fhape of his flalkes and rootes Auens or Gariophiliata, articipating of them all: notwithftandingitapprocheth neerefl vnto the Cinkefoiles, hauing lalkes afoote high, whereupon grow leaues diuided into flue parts, and iaggedrounde about the i? ges like the teeth ofa (awe, hauing the paleyellowe flowers of Pentaphyllum or Torment ilia’-, Ggg 3 within . s 3 s the second booke of the within wh ich are little moftie or downie threddes,of the colour of faffron, but Ieder then the com¬ mon Aliens. 8 The eight kinde of Cinkefoile(accordingto the opinion of diuers learned men, whohaue had the view thereof, andhaueiudgedittobethe true Leucasot Diofcorzdes , agreeable to D/ofcondes his acfcription) is all hoarie,whereupon it tooke the addition Incxnn. The (hikes are thicke, woo- die and fomvvhat red, wrinckled alfo,and of a browne colour, which rife vnequally from the roote, ipreading themlelues into many branches, fhadowing the place where it groweth, befet with thick and notched leaues like ScordiiwfX water Germander, which according to the judgement of the learned is thought to be of no lelTe force againft poifon then pent Aphy lion , or Tormentilk, being of a aftringent and drying qualitie. Heerupon it maybe that lorne trying the force hecreof,haue yeelded it vp for Leucits Dzofcor tdes.This rare plant I neuer founde growing naturally, but in the hollownes of the peakifh mountaines,and drie grauellie valleies. The dcjcription* $ The wood Cinkfoile hath many leaues fpred vpon the ground,confiding of Hue parts: among which rile vp other leaues, let vpon very tall footftalkes, and long in relped of thofe that did grow by the ground,and fomewhat fnipt about the edges. The flowers grow vpon (lender ftalks, confift¬ ing of flue yellow leaues. The roote is verie threddie. There is one ofthe mountaine Cinkefoiles that hath diuers (lender brittle ftalks,rifing immedi¬ ately foorth of the groundjwhereupon are (et by equall diftances certaine iagged leaues, not vnlike to the fmalleft leaues of ^Aliens: the flowers growe at the top yelloWe of colour, and like to the other CinkfoileSjbut akogither lefler: the roote is thicke, tough,and of a vvoodie fubftance. y Quin quefolium HIS TO El E OF PLANTS. 835 9 Qfimauefoliumfyliaticm. . ms * Th ^ uce - . rs ,.... r ~The fird groweth in my garden,but not wilde in England 5 the fecond groweth in lowc and moift medowes. .*'}. as^. >. The third groweth in the.&oods of Sauena and Narbon. but not in England: the fourth groiveth in a maitifh ground adjoining to the land called Bourne pondes, halfeamsle from Colchefter; from whence I brought lorrie plants for my garden, where they flourifliand >; proper well. The fift groweth vpon Becftone callell in Chefhire: the lixt vpon bricke and done wals about London,efpeciaily vpon the bricke wall in Liner lane. The place of the feauenth and eight is fet foorthin their deferiptions. . ^ ic The time. Thefe plants do flower from the beginning of May to the end of Line. & The maws s. Cinkfoileis called in Greeke 7 nt' 7 v'<?uM.oi'_: iri Latine Qmncuefilium : the Apothecaries vfe the Greeke nai Pcrtaphyllon^ and fometime the Latine name. There be very many baftai d names,whei with I will not trouble your cares: in high Dutch $UMf fUiGCrfcraUt : in Lowe Dutch' LhuTG.n!|i'frhl'fTt ; in Italian cinque- foglh: in French Qufnte f ueille ; in Spanifh Cineo en ram: in Eugffh CiukfoiIe,Fiuefinger grade, Fiue leafed grade, and Smkfidd. if f # The temperature. The rootes of CinkfoiIe,efpecially the tvvo lad,do vehemently drie,and that in the third degree, but without biting .-for they haue very little apparant heate or lliarpnes. * Tbevertuesl The decodtion of the rootes of Cinkfoile drunke,cureth the bloodie flixe, and all other fluxes of A thebellie,and ftancheth all excefliue bleeding.: .. nv The iuiceofthe rootes while theybeyoong andtender, isgiuen to be drunken againd the aid B eafesofthe liner and lungs,and all poifon. - Thefamedrunkeinmeade or honied water, or wine wherein forme pepper hath beene mingled, G enreth the tertian and quartaine feuers: and being drunken after the fame manner for thirtie daies togither,it helpeth the falling ficknes. ' fheleaucs vfed among herbes appropriate for the fame purpofe, cureth ruptures and burfling D of the rim, and guts falling into the cods. The iuiceof the leaues drunken doth cure the iaundies,and comforteth the ftomack and liner. E The decoction of the rootes held in the mouth, doth mitigate the paine of the teeth, daieth pu- F trifadtion,and all putrified vlcers of the mouth,helpeth the inflammations of the almonds,throte, and the partes adioining,it Itaieth the laske,and helpeth the bloodie flixe. The rootc boiled in vineger is good againd the fhjngles, appeafeth the rage of Betting lores, G and cankerous vlcers. It is reported,that fower branches hereof cureth quartaine agues,three tertians,and one branch H quotidians: which things are mod vaine and friuolous, as likewife many other fuch hke, which are not onely found in Vioftondes , but atfo in other authors,which we willingly withftand. Ortolpho Morolto a learned Phifidon,commended the leaues being boned with water, and tome I G gg 4 Livnum 840 THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE Lignumvita added thereto,againfhhefalling(icknes, if thepatient becau(edto(weatevponthe taking thereof. He likewife commendeth the extraction of the rootes, a'gainft the bloodie flixe. ' • ■ • ! • •• T > . OfSetfoile y or Tormentill. Chap^ 6 7 . k The defeript ion. npHis herb Tormentill or Setfoiie is one of the Cinkfoilcs, itbtingcthfoorth many ftalks, (lender, weake, fcarfeabletoliftitfelfe vp, but rather lieth down vpon the ground. Theleaues be lefler than CinkfoiIe,but mo in number, fom- times flue, but commonly feuen, whereupon it tookehis name Setfoiie ; which is feuen leaues, and thofe fomewhat fnipi; about the edges. The flowers growe on the tops of (lender ftalkes, of a yellow colour jlike thofe of the Cinkfoiles. The rooteis blacke without, reddifh within, thicke, tuberous ,or knobbie. k The place. This plant loueth woods and lhadowiepla¬ ces, and is likewife found in paftures lying open to the funne,almofl euerie where. k The time. It flowreth from May to the end of Auguft. k The names. It is called of the later Herbarifls TormentilU: (ome name it after the number of the leaues irf ciqvft'.QV } and Septt folium : in Englifh Setfoiie, and Tormentill : in high Dutch ‘BtCfetBtirt? i mod take it to be chryfoganon, whereof Diofcori - dtthath made a briefedeferiptionto (mallpur- pofe, comparing chryfeganon and Tormentill togithcr, making them one and the felfe fame plant,whereas in truth they are no more like,than thole things that arc moft vnlike. k The temperature. ' The roote ofTormentill doth mightily drie,and that in the third degree, and is of thinne parts: it hath in it very little heate,and is of a binding quality. k The vertues. A Tormentill is not onely of like vertue with Cinkfoile, but alfo of greater efficacie: it is much vfed againft peftilent difeafes .'for it ftrongly refifteth purrifa< 5 tion,and procureth fweate. B The leaues and rootes boiled in wine,or the iuice thereof drunken prouoketh fweate,and by that meanes driueth out all venome from the hart,expelleth poifon,and preferueth the bodie in time of peftilence from the infection thereof,and all other infectious difeafes. C The rootes dried, made into powder and drunke in wine,hath the fame vertue. D Tire lame powder taken as aforefaid,or in the water of aimithes forge,or rather the water wher* in hot fteele hath been often quenched of purpofe,cureth the laske and bloudie flixe,yea although the patient haue adioined vnto his fcouring a greeuous feuer. E It ftoppeth the (pitting of blond,pilling of bloud,and all other iflues of bloud, as well in men as women. F The deco&ion of the leaues and rootes, or the iuice thereof drunke, is excellent good for all wounds,both outward and inwarde: it alfo openeth and healeth the (loppings of the liuer & lungs, and curech the iaundife. G The root beaten into powder,tempered or kneaded with the white of an egge and eaten,(laieth the defire to vomite,and is good againft choler and melancholie. Of Tomcntilla. Setfoiie. HI&TORIE OF PLANTS. : > Ofvpilde Tanfie>or Siluervpeede . Chap,^6%. $ 4 * '3 I • ,n i_Argentina. Siluer weede,or wilde Tanfie. f binding facultie. ft The defeript ion, > X ■ ‘{T'. r % Tanfie creepeth along ypon the V V ’-grounds with' c fmeRenderftalk^s and , * cbrfping tendrcls: the leauesfre long, made vp of many final ler Jeaues, like vnfcb thole of the garden T anfie,but lelfer,cn the vpper fide greepe , add wider very white. The flowers bee yellow,and fiand vpon flender Items, as do thole of Cinkfoile. *S T '< ft The place. It groweth in moil! places neere vnto high waies and running brookes euery where. ft The time. It flowreth in lune and Inly. ft The n:.mes, - The later ' Herbarifts do call it c_ Argentina , of the filuer drops that aretobefeene in thediftil- led water thereof when it is put into a glafTe, which you fhall ealely lee rowling and tumbling vp & down in the bottom; it is likewile called Po¬ tent ilia, oi diners Agrimoruafyluefris.Anfer/na , & Tar.acetiim fylutfre: in high Dutch vjptnfcncfi ♦ in lovve Dutch 0 attf£riCfe: in French Argentine ; in Engliih wilde Tanfie ; and Siluer weede. ft The temperature. It is of temperature moderately cold,and drie almoft in the thirde degree, hauing withall a ftThcvCrtues. Wilde Tanfie boiled in wine and drunke,floppetii the Iaske,the bloudie flixe, and all other fluxe p^ of bloud in man or woman. i The fame boiled in water and fait anddrunke, difiolueth clotted and congealed bloud in fuch g as are hurt or btufed with falling from fome high place. The deco&ionheerofmade in water,curcth the vlcdrs and cankers of the mouth, if lomc honie q and allome be added thereto in the boiling. Wilde Tanfie hath many other good vertues,efpecially again!! the ftone,inwarde wounds, and j) wounds of the priuie or fecret parts,and cloleth vp all grecne and frefh wounds. The diftilled water taketh away freckles,fpots,pimples in the face and funburning, but the herbs £ laide infufe, orfteeped in white wine is farre better: but the bell of all is to fteepeit inftrong white wine vineger,the face being often bathed or wafhed therewith. Of <iAuensjr herbe c Bennet, Chap.^69. ft Thekindes. 0m V Here be diuers forts ofAuens,fome of the garden,others of the fielde and champion grounds, and fome of the mountaines, as fhall be declared in their feuerali tides. - I Caryophylixta, 8f* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Caryophyllatd. T 2 Caryophyllata montan a, Auens orliefbe Bennet. Mountaine Auens. & The dejcription • % Hp* He common garden Auens hath Ieaues notvnlike to Agrimonie, rough yblackifli, and I much clouen or deepely cut into diuers gafhes: the Aalke is rounde and hairy ,a foot high, diuidingitfelfeatthetopintodiuersbranches, whereupon do grow yellow flowers, like thofeof SinkfieldeorwildeTanfie,which beingpaft therefollowe rounderough headsor knops full of feeder which beingripe will hang vpon garments as the Burs do. The roote is thicke,red- difh within 3 with certaine yellowe firings faAned thereto,fuelling like vnto clones or the rootes of Cyperus. 2 The mountaine Auens hath greater and thicker Ieaues then the precedent, rougher, and more hairie 3 not parted into three, but rather round, nicked on the eelges.-among which rifeth vp {lender ftalks ,whereon do grow very little Ieaues like thofe o f Chickweede,on the top of the Aalkes doth grow one flower, greater then that of theformer, which confifteth of a number oflittie Ieaues as yellow as goldc 5 after which groweth vp a round circle, confiding a s it we re of little feathers. The roote is long,growing a flope,fbmwhat thicke,with Arings annexed thereto. 3 Fine finger Auens hath many fmall Ieaues fpred vpon the grcimde,diuidedjnto flue parts,fom- whatfnipt about the edges like Cinkefoile , whereof it tooke his name: among which rife vp {lender ftalkes diuided at the top into diners branches,whcrecn do gic we fmall yellow flowers like thofe of Cinkfoile: the roote is compofed of many tough Arings,of the fmcll of CIoues 3 which ma¬ ke th it a kinde of Auen smother wife doubtleffe it rnuft of neceflitie be one of the Cinkfoiles, 3 Caryophyllatd S-J3 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 Caryophyllata alpinapentaphylUa. Fine leafed Aliens.- it! he place. Thefe kinds of Aliens are found in high moun-' iaines and thicke woods of the north parts of Englandiwe haue them in our London gardens, where they flourifh and increafe infinitely, ft 7 he time. They flower from the beginning of Male 3 to the end of Inly. ft The names. Aliens is called Caryophyllata, fo named of the ffncll ofcloues which is in the rootes: and diners call it Sanamunda, Herb a Benedict.'. > and Tpardui rujl/ca: in high Dutch 'Br: fciiCiCn : in French Gal/ot: of the Walons Gloria fiha : in Englifh Aliens and herbeBenet: it is thought to be GemiPlinijy which moft do flifpe<ft 3 byrea- fon he is fo briefer Geum faith Pfonie in his 2 6. booke 7. chapter, hath little {lender roots,black, andofagoodfmell. The other kinde of Aliens is called of the la¬ ter Wciba.uft.s^CaryopbylUta Montana, mountaine Auens: it might agree with the defcription of if the flowers were purple tending to whitenes,which as we hauefaide are yellow, and likewife differ in that, that the rootes of Auens dofmellof clones , and thofe of Bacchxrnhaut the fmell of Cinamom. Spotted Auens hath beene called Saniculaguttata, or fpotted Sanicle, but not properly 5 it hath alfo beene called Sanicu- U Alpina, or mountaine Sanicle : of L'Obel Geum Aipinum : and of vs Caryophyll.it a Alp in a guttata , or fpotted Auens of the mountaines. ft* The temperature. The rootes and lefties of Auens are manifeftly drie,and fomthing hot, with a kinde of fco wring ft Thevertues. The decodtionof Auens made in wine, is commended againfl cruditie or rawnefle of the flo- A macke, paine of the collicke,and the biting of venemous beads. The fame is likewife a remedie for flitches and griefe in the fide,for flopping of the liner 5 it con- B codfethrawe humours 5 (coureth away fuch things ascieaue to theentrailes,wafleth and diffolueth winde,efpecially being boiled with wine: but if it be boiled in pottage or broth, it is of great effica- cic, and of all other pot herbes is chiefe, notonely in phificallbrothes, but commonly to be vfed in all. The leaues and rootes taken in this maner,di{Toliie and confume cluttered blond in any inwarde C part of the body: and therefore they are mixed with potions,which are drunke of thole that be bru- fed,that are inwardly broken,and that haue fallen from fome high place. The rootes taken vp in Autumne and dried, do keepe garments from being eaten with Mothes, D and make them to haue an excellent good odour: and feme for all thePhificall purpo/es that Cinkefoiles do. Of / o HE SECOND" BOOKE OF THE Of Strawberries. Chab.^jo. # The kinder. T Her f bc diuers forts of Strawberrries.bnered,another white, a thirde fort greene, and likewife a wnde Strawberne 3 which is akogither barren of fruite. b I Fragari a & Fraga. Red Strawberries. 2 FrAgaria & Fraga fubalha . White Strawberries. & The derfiiftion. c>r '""V red v P on tkie g rou, ^3 fomwhatfnipt about the edges .three fettog.thetvpononeflenderfooteftaike like the Trefoile, greenconthe vpperfide, and nna„ fl ow;”: ne ?^ ri ^ 0 f Cl : hire: amon g whichrilevp {lenderItems, whereon do growe commerli the f? fiftlng °f fiue,, «“ wh,telcalles > 'he middle part fomewhat yellow .after which win-Xnn^ T C , n0t ™“ etothe 1 Mulbc ' i c,orrathertheEafpis > redofcolour,hauingthetaftof t! ,eroo-pi-rh r'TI C< Vi” ance whereofis moift and white, in which ijeonteined little feedes: farre akoad.thtctyk g3yh "St^^^ 118 ^ ftrin S s ’ W!lich d,f P afe thela > feIu “ ?ow?4* The tZ ? f >0 a ! eCOOd klnde wIlicl1 is likc to thc formcr in ftemmeSjftringSjjeaiies and it; 1 f ° ffied T? ? reater ’ and a "1*^ colour, wherein is the difference. The f rii ;i Sai " T* W !C 1 >l!n § etJl ^ ortfl Je aues,flowers, and firings like the other of his kind. The fee rs greene when ,t is npc.tending to rednefTe vpon that fide that lieth to the funne, clea¬ ning faker to thcftcms 5 andis of a fweeter tafte.which maketh the difference. 3 Fragaria g 45 i HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 3 Fragariavefcafiae jlerilis. r r > Wilde or barren Strawberries it The description. 3 This wilde Strawberrie hath leaues fpred vpon the gtounde, compofedof fixe or (eauen (mall leaues,fetypon a middle ribbe, (lightly in¬ dented about the edges , and of a ruftet greene colour: among which rife vp (lender ftems bea¬ ring fuch flowers as the common Strawberries do,but lefler 5 which do wither away, leauing be- hinde a barren orchaffiehead, in fhape like a Strawberrie,but of no woonh or value: the root is like the others. it The place. Strawberries do grow vpon hils and valleies, like wife in woods and other fuch places that bee (ome thing fhadowie: they prolper well in gar¬ dens,the firfteuery where, the other two more rare ,and are not to be founde fane onely in gar¬ dens. it The time. The leaues continue greene all the yeere: in the fpring time they fpred further with their (fringes, and flower afterwarde^ the berries are ripe in Iune and Inly. it The names. The fruite or berries are called in Latine by Virgil andOuid Fraga, neither haue they ante other name commonly knowne: they are called in high Dutch CtDb&tCU ♦ in lowe Dutch £crtb?fieit X in French Fraijes : in Englifh Strawberries. it The temperature. The leaues and rootes do coole and drie, with an aftriction or binding qualitie: but the berries be colde and moift. > - <•_ it Thevertues. The leaues boiled & applied in maner of a pultis, taketh away the burning heate in wounds: the A decotftion thereof ftrengthneth the gums,faftneth the teeth, and is good to be helde in the mouth both againft the inflammation or burning heate therof,and alfoof the almonds of the throat :thcy ftaie the ouermuch flowing of the bloudie fiixe,and other iftues of bloud. The berries quench third 5 anddoalaiethe-inflammationand heate of theftomacke, the non-B rifhnient which they yeelde is little, thinne, and waterifh, and if they happen to putrifie in the fto- macke,their nouriflimcnt is naught. The diftilled water drunke with white wine, is good againft the paffion of the hart,reuiuing the C fpirits,andmaketh the hart merrie. ' ' " : : The diftilled water is reported to fcower the face, to take away (pots, and to make the face faire D and ftnooth 5 and is likewile drunke with good fuccefle againft the (lone in the kidneies. The leaues are good to be put into lotions or wafhing waters for the mouth and the priuie E parts. : F ' , . i he ripe Strawberries quench third, cooleth heate of the ftomacke, and inflammation of the F Jiuer,taketh away (ifit be often vfed)the redne§&nd heate ofthe face. of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of e Angelica. Qbap.yji. He Thekindes . T Here be diuers kinds of Angclicaes 5 the garden Angelica 5 that of the water, and a thirdc for wildc growin g vpon the land. 1 Angelic a fit tun. 3 i^ingclict fyluejlru . Garden Angelica. Wilde Angelica. He The deficription. 1 Oncerningthisplant Angelica, there hath beene heerctoforefome contention and con* trouerfie, Carafe* calling it Smyrnium , fome later writers Colim niger: buttoauoide ca- uilling, the controuerfic is foone decided, fith it, and no other, doth afliuedly retaine the name Angelica. It hath great broad Ieaucs,diuided againe into other leaues, which are indented 01 fnipc about,much like to the vppermoft leaues of 5 ^< 7 W////»^butlower,tendcrer,greener, and of a ftronger fauour: among which leaues fpring vp the flalkes, very great, thicke and hollowe, fixe or feauenfootehigh, iointed or kneed; from which ioints proceede other armes or branches, at the top whereof grow tufts of whitifh flowers,like Fennell or Dill: the roote is thicke, great, and oile- otiSjOiit of which ifTiieth(if it be cut or broken)an oilie liquorithe whole plant as well leaues,ftalkes 3 as rootes,are of a reafonable pleafant fauour,not much vnlike Petroleum . There is another kinde of true Angelica founde in our Englifh gardens (which I haue obferued) being like vnto the former,failing that the rootes of this kinde are more fragrant,and ofa more aro ’ madeke fauour, and the leaues next the groundeof a purplifh red colour, and the whole plant kfler„ 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 847 ft The defeription. 2 The wilde Angelica which feldome groweth in gardens, but is founde to growe plentifully in water Token grounds, and cold moifl medowes, is like to that of the garden,faue thar his Ieaues are not fo deepely cut or iagged, they be alio blacker and narrower: the flalkes are much flendercr and fhorterjand the flowers whiterjthe roote much finaller, and hath more threddie firings appendant thereunto.and is not fo flrong of fauour by a great deale. i •, Mdthiolm and Gefnerus haue made mention of another kin,de of Angelica^ hut we are very flen- dcrly inftrucled by their infufficientdefcriptions : notwithftanding for our better knowledge, and morecertameaffurance, Iinuft needsrecordthatwhichmyfriendeihafl;ef 1 5 ?c 4 ‘ir'‘L'e//reIated vnto me concerning his fight heereof, who foundethis plant growing by the mote which compaffeth the houfeof mafler Munke of the parifh of Iuer, two miles from Colbrooke,and fince that I haue ieene the fame in lowefcnnie and marfhie places of-Effex, about Harwich: this plant hath leaucs like vnto the garden Angelica,but finaller, and fewer in number,fet vpon one ribbe , a great flalke, grofie and thicke, whole ioints, and that fmall rib whereon the leafe groweth, is ofareddifh co- lour,hauing many long branches camming forth ofan huske or cafe,fuch as is in the common gar¬ den parfnep: the flowers grow at the top of the branches,pf a whijc colour and tuft fafhion,which being paftthere fucceede broad, long,and thicke feeds, longer and thicker then garden Angelica: the roote is great,thicke,andwhite,of little fauour, withfomc firings appendant thereto. ft The place. The firll is very common in our Englifh gardens: in other places it groweth wilde without plan- ting,as in Norwaie,and in an Hand of the north called Ifland,where it groweth very high, it is ea¬ ten ofthe inhabitants,the barke being pilled off,as we vnderftandeby fome that haue trauelled into Iflandjwho were lorn times compelled to eate heereof for want of other food 5 and they report that it hath a good and pleafant tafle to them that are hungric: it groweth likewife in diuers mountaines of Germany ,and efpecially of Bohemia. ft The time. They flower in Iuly and Augufl, whole rootes for the moft part do perifh after their feed is ripe: yet haue I with often cutting the plant kept it from feeding, by which meanes the roote and plant hath continued fundrie yeeres togither. ft! he names. It is called of the later age Angelica • in high Dutch 3 nffe!lCll> ‘BjUffUHUt? > or &e0 fjefltg&etl ll 3 iirt 5 €l,thatis, 5 p/r//-«o fantfi radix jot the roote of the holie Ghofl, as witnefieth Leonhar - tusFuchfiue : in lowe Dutch !dng0lif&a J in French Angelic •• in Englifh alfo Angelica. It feemeth to be a kinde of Laferpitium, for ifit be compared with thofe things which Theophra - ftus at large hath written concerning Silphium, or Laferpitium , in his fixt booke of the hiftorie of plants, it fhall appeere to be anfwerable thereunto. But whether wilde Angelica be thatwhich Theophrajhes calleth Magudaru , that is to faie,another kinde of Laferpitium , we Ieaue it to be exa¬ mined and confidcred of by the learned Phificions of our London Colledge. ft The temperature. Angclica,clpccially that of the garden,is hot and drie in thethirde degrce,therefore itopeneth, attenuateth,or maketh thinne,digeflerh and procureth fweate. ft The vertnes. Thcrootesof garden AngtVea is a Angular remedieagainftpoifon,andagainfl: the plague, and A all infc&ions taken by euillaiid corrupt aire, ifyoudobuttakea peece ofthe roote and holde it in your mouth,or chew the fame betweene your teeth , it doth mofl certainly diiue away the pefli- lentiall aire,yea although that corrupt aire haue polfelfed the hart, yet it driuethic outagaine by vrine and fweate,as Rue and Treacle doth,and fuch like Antipharmaca. Angelica is an enimie to poifons; it cureth peflilent dileafes ifit be vfed in feafonra dram waight B of the powder hereof is giuen with thin wine, or if the feauer be vehement, with the dillilled water o tear dune bencdtttus, or of Tormenti(l } znd with a little vineger, and by it felfe alfo, or with Treacle of Vipers added. Itopeneththcliuerandfplcene :draweth downe thetearmes, driuethout or expelleththe fe- C condine. • ....... The THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE D The decoCHon of the roote made in wine., is good againft the colde fhiucrings of agues. E It is reported that the roote is auaileable againft witchcraft and inchantments , if a man carrie, the fame about him as FuckfeiM faith. F It extenuateth and maketh thinne, grofte and tough flegme: the roote being vfed greene, andf while it is full of iuice,helpeth them that be afthmaticke/lifibluing and expectorating the ftuffings/ therein, by cutting off and clenfing the parts affeCted, reducing the bodie to health againe 5 but when it is dry it vvorketh not fo effectually. Ct It is a moft lingular medicine againft furfeiting andlothfomnes to meate: it helpcth conco&ion in the ftomacke,and is right beneficial! to the hart: it cureth fhe-bitings ofmad dogs, and all other venemous beads. , .l. . . br.: H The wilde kinds art not of ftich force in working, albeit 'they haue the fame vertues attributed vnto them. - < ov. v, .... ::ii . . . ‘ on v Of ^Tvlaferworts andherbeCjerard. Cbap.^jz. 1 Impefdtdm . Mafterwoortsjor Falfe Pellit6ry of Spainc. 2 HerbiGerardi. Herbe Gerard .or Aifhwecd. ... .O' ■ ^ 1 - ; a'i 31 0 i' J i.' . . •& The deferipion. S T Mpentoria. or Mafterwoort, hath great broad Ieaues not much vnlike wilde Angelica, but S finaller &of a deeper green colour, in fauor like Angelica, & euery Ieafe diuided into fundrie other little Ieaues: the tender knottie ftalkes are of a reddifir colour, bearing at the top round fpokie tufts with white flowers: the feede is like the feede of Dill; the roote is thicke, knottie, and tuberous, of a good fauour,and hot or biting vpon the toonge, which hath mooued the vnskilfull to call it Pellitorie of Spaine,but very vnfitlie and vntruely, HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 84s 3 Herba Gerardi , which Pena doth aifo cal! Imperatoria , & OJfrutium, the Germaines Podavra- that is gout woort, in Englifliherbe Gerard, or wilde Maftervvoort, and in feme places after Lyte Aim weed; is very like the other in Ieaues, flowers, androotes, fauing that they he fmaller growing ypon longer ftems: the rootes tenderer,whiter,and not fo thicke or tuberous. The whole plant is of a reafonable good lauour,but not fo ftrong as Mafterwoort. ft The plate, rjy fer ‘ uc,r “' g rowcth in d F ke woods and dcfatts ; in nl y garden and fundry others verie plcnti- Herbe Gerarde groweth of it felle in gardens without letting or lowing,and is fo fruitful! inhis increale,that wnerc it hath once taken roote.it will hardly be gotten out againe, (boiling and get- ting eucry yeerc more ground,to the annoying of better herbes. A ° ^ ft The time. They flower from the beginning of June to the beginning of Auguft. ft The flames. Imperatoria,or ^tjlrantU, is called in Englifh Mafterwoort,or Pellitoiic of Spame Her ha Gerardi, is called in Englifh Hcrbe Gerard, Aiihwced, and Gcutwoort, in Latine Fed*- gran a Germanic a. ft The stature. Imperatoria efpecially the roote, is hot and dtie in the thirde degree. IbtveUc Impeutoria or herbe Geraide,is almoft of the fame nature and qualitie,buc not fo ftrong. " 5 ft 7 he vertues. ImperatorMpnot onely good againft all poifon .but alfo lingular againft all corrupt and naimh: Al tic aire and infection of the peftilcncc, if it be drunken with wine. ~ 1 ° < The rootes and leaues damped doth diflblue and cure peftilentiall carbuncles and botches and B Inch other apoltemations and fwellings,being applied thereto. The roote drunke in wine cure th the extreme and rigorous fits ofold feuers, and is good againft C thedroplie 3 andprouokethfvveate. D 3 The fame taken in maner aforefaidxomfortcth and ftrengthneth the'ftomacke,hcIpcth dieefti- D on,reftoreth appetite,and diflolueth al! ventofuies or windinefle of theftomacke and other parts It greatly helpeth kicn as haue taken great fquats,brufes, or fals from fomehigh plac^diffoluine E and Icattcnng abroad congealed and clotted blcud within the body: the roote with his leaues ftamped and aaiavpon the members infeded, cureth the bitings ofmaddedogs, and of all other veaemons beads. ° b 5 Herbe Gerard with his rootes ftamped,and laid vpon members that are troubled or vexed with F tne gout (Wagcth the pane, and taketh away the (welling and inflammation thereof, which occa- fioned the Germaines to giuc it the name Podagrar/a.bicaufc of bis vertues in curing the gout. r _J r CUreth ? h ? mo "' ho3GS j lftllc fundament be bathed with the dccoftion ofthe leaues and G rootes,ana the loft ana tender fodden herbes laid thereonVery hot. J a! [ i PeI1,tor ^ of ^P ai ; ie attenuateth or maketh thinne, digedeth,prouoketh fweate and vrine H triyCo^t 1 g ^,°^ c coId ehumours,waftethaway windincs oftheentrailes, ftomacke and ma! cnx: it is good againft the eoheke and (tone. One dram of the the roote in powder giuen certaine daies tegither, is a remedie for them thrt I -uethedropfte, and alfo forthofethat aretroubledwithcon^lfions, C rampes j^Sehlltg »eftS d B !fcafef h Win ' bCf0 '' C thcfit C0 ™’ ic cureth the <T“tainc a g L,e s and ts a remedy againft K .-crI h ho! mC b °‘ kd in niarpC ° r f ° WCI: wine J eafcth thc toothach, ifthe mouth be wafhed thbrwith L licGn fet cXA h tZt WMr / ndaC Z™ ? UC ? fth ? ™ l " h (which kinde of reme- M «• . Y uwgiuv uui, Ul LUC UK nouls and’a e te a IL C r d Md disburdened, the bra,no of phlegmatike hu¬ milities. ' ^ :vvlfcvfedw ‘ E,1 S oo ‘lb“;Ceireinapoplcxies,dr 0 wfieiieepes, and other like in- Hbh i Of 850 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Hercules JVoundmort y or aAIheale. Cbap.^j^. & The kinds s. P Anax is of fundric kindes,as witnefleth Theophrafttuin his p.booke, one groweth in Syria,and likewife other three, that is to faie chironiwr. s, Heraclium , and AEfculapiutn , or chirons Alheale, Hercules Alheale, and AEfculapius Alheale; befides thele there is one Platyphyllon i or broad leafed, lb chat in Theophraftus there arc fixe kinds of Panax: but Eiofcorides defcribeth onely three,/#/*. claim > Afclepium,2LX\<\ chiromum ; whereunto we haue added another fort,whofe vertues we founde out by meanes of a husbandman, and for that caufe haue named it Panax Coloni,tt Clowncs woort. 1 Panax Heracleum. 2 Panax Heraclemi mams. Hercules i\lheale. Hercules great Woundwoort. & The defeription. I fl Erculcs Alheale or Woundwoort, hath many broad leaues fpred vpon the grounde,vcry t”jl rough and hairie, of an ouerworne greene colour, and deepely cut into diuers feftions, like thofe of the Cowparfnepe, and not vnlike to the figge leaues: among which rifeth vp a very ftrong ftalke,couered ouer with a rough hairinefie,of the height of fower or Hue eubites: being wounded it yeeldeth foorth a yellowe gummie iuice, as doth euery part of the plant, which is that precious gum,called Opopanax : at the top of which ftalkes do ftand great tufts or vmbles of yellowifh flowers,let togither in fpokie rundles like thole of Dill, which turne into feede of a draw colour,fharpe and hot in tafte,and of a pleafing fau^ur: the roote is very thicke, fat, full of iuice, and of a white colour. •kThe HI ST O R IE OF PLANTS. 851 , . Ac The defer ipt ion. 2 The great Woiirichvbort, which the Venetians nourifh in their gardens, hath great large Icaucs fo.mewhat rough or hairic,confiding of diuers finall leaues fet togither vpon a middle ribbe, which makeon,e entire Ieafcioinedtogither in one , whereof each collateral! or fidelcafe is like ) the common Docke: among which rileth vp aknottieftaike three or fower cubits high, aiuiding it felfe into diners branches ; on the taps whereof do growc fpokie tufts or rundl.es like the prece¬ dent: the feede rs flat andplaine: the,toote long, thickc, and white, which being broken or woun¬ ded yecldeth foorth that liquor of the formcr,of an hot and warming taftc, A The place. Thcfe plants do growe in Syria, the firft of them alfo in my garden; but what Panax o? Sy¬ ria is, Tbeophraftuedoxh notcxprcfle: Pliny in his 12. bookc 2 6 . chapter faith, that the leaues are rounde,and of a great compafte: but it is fufpedlcd that thefc arc drawnc from the defeription ofHercules Panax. Broad leafed Panax is thoughtto be the great Centorie: for/Vkzrp witnefteth, that Panax which Chiron found out, is furnavned Cent&urium, Centorie,as we ("hall more at large write heercof. Muth'wlui faith it groweth of it fclfc in the tops ofthe hils Apcnnini,in the Cape Argentario,in thcfeacofts of Siena,anditischcrilTiedinthegardcnsof Ital.c, but he cannot affirme that ths liquor is gathered heei cof in Iralie: for the licpior Opopanax which is folde in Venice, is brought; faith he,out of Alexandria citie in Egypt; in Syria, Boeiia, and in Phocidc, cities of Arcadia. Ac The time. They flower and flourifh from the firft of Maic vneo the end of September. v 1 j Ac The names. That which is called in Greekc,is likewife named Pan aces in Latinc; and that Panaces He* radium which JDiofcorides fetteth downe, is called in Latine Panties HercuUmm , or HerciUeum , or Hercules Panax: it may be called in Englifh Hercules his Woundwoort,or Alhea!e,or Opopanax woort,of the Grecke name. Some thinkc it tooke his name o $ Heraclitus that weeping Philofbpher, who continually wept as Democritiu alwaies laughed: for in regard ofthe tcares or drops that iftiie out of the (hikes and rootesofthisplant(which is called Opopanax) when they are brqfecj or vy.qunded: bur whether of Hercules^ bicaufe he vied the fame in healing ofhis foldiers wounds, or of the the weeping of Hera- <///«* > itrcfteth dnputable,and yet nothing pertinent to our hiftorie. Ac The temperature. The barkc of the rootc of Hercules VVoundwoort is a Symple hotanddrie, yet lefie then the iuice,as Gxlw teacheth. Ac Thevertues. 1 he feedebrought into powder and drunke in Wormwood wine,is good againft poifon, the bi- A ting ofmadde dogs,and the flinging of all maner of wilde beads. The leaues or rootesftamped with honie, and brought to the forme of an vnguentorfalue,cu- B rcth woundes and vlcers of great difficultie, and couercth bones that arc bare or naked without ficlh. OfQorvnesWoundwort O or <iAIbeale . Cbap.yj/^., Ac The description. C Lounes AIhca!e,or the husbandmans Woundwoort,hath long (lender ftalkes ,ofthe height of two cubits,furrowed or chamfered along the fame,as it were with fmall gutrcrs.ana forne- what rough or hairie; whereupon are fet by couples one oppofite to another, long rough leaues,iomewhat narrows, bluntly indented about the edges like the teeth of a fawe, of the forme (ft the leaues of Spearcmint,and of an ouerworne grecne colour: at the top of the ftalkes do growc the flowers fpikefafhion, of a purple colour mixed with feme fewefpots of white, in forme like to littlehoods.Therooteconfifteth of many fmall threddiefirings , whereuiito are annexed or tied diu ers knobbic or tuberous lumpes, of a white colour, tending to yellcwncs * all the whole plant is of anvnplcafantfauoiirlike Stachispi (linking Horehound. Hhh 2 Panax i THE SECOND EOOKEOF THE it The place. It grovveth in moid medcwes by the (ides of ditches , and likewife in fertill fieldes that are fomwhat moift ,aImod etierie where, elpeci dly in Kent about Southfleete neere to Grauetehd and likewife in the medows by Lambeth neere London. it The t/me. It flowreth in Augud,and bringeih his feede to perfedion in the end of September. it The names. It (hall fuffice what hath beenefaidc in the defcription as touching the names, as well in LatineasEnglifh. The temperature. This plant is hotm the (econue decree, and drie in the fird. it The vert ms. The leaues heerof(lamped with Axu,ngh. or Hogs greafe, and applied vnto green wouncUih maner of a pultis, doth heale them in fuch fj»Ft'* time&infuch ablolute maner, that itisffiafti for any that hath not had the experience thereof to beleeue: for being in Kent about a Facient,it chanced that a very poore man in mowing of Peafon did cut his leg with the Sieth, wherin he made a wound to the bones, & withal very large & wide, & allb with great effufion of bioud, the poore man crept vnto this herbe which he bru- fed in his hands, & tied a great quantitic efit vn- tothe wound with a peece of his fhirt, which prefently ftanchcd the bleeding and ceafed the pain, infomuch that the poore man prefently went to his daies worke againe,& (o did from daie to daie, without reding onedayvntill he was perfe&Iy hole, which was accomplifhed in a fewe daies by this herbe damped with a little Hogs greace, andfblaid vponinmanerofa pultis, whiebdid as it were glewe or (oder the lips of the wounde togither, and heale it according to the drd intenti¬ on (as we tearmeit) that is without drawing or bringing the wounde to fuppnrarion or matter, which was fully performed in feauen daies, that’woulde haue required fortie daies with Baltem it felfe: I fawe the wounde, and offered to heale the fame for charitie, which he refuted,faying,that I coulde not heale it fo well as himtelfe, a clownifh anfwer I confefle without thankes for my good will,whereupon IhauenameditClounes Woundwoortas aforefaide. Since whieffi time my felfe haue cured many greeuous wounds,and (bmc mortall,with the fame herbe, one for example done vpon a gentlema of Graies Inne in Ho!burne,mader Edmund Cartwright ,who was thrud into the lungs 3 the wound entring in at the lowermoftpart of Thorax or the bred plate,euen through that cartilaginous fubftance,c ailed MucronataCart/lago, infomuch that from day to day, the frothing and puffing of the lungs did fpewe foorth of the wound fuch excrements as it was poffeffed of; bc- fides the gent'eman was mod dangeroudy vexed with a double quotidian feauer, whom by Gods permiffion Iperfe&lycured in veiy fhort time, and with this Clounes experiment, and foineof my foreknowne helpes,which were as followeth. B Fnd I framed a (light vnguenthereofthus;Itookefower handfuls of the herbe damped, and put them into a pan,wherunto I added fewer ounces ofBarrovves greafe,haife a pintofoile oliue, vvaxe three ounces, which I boiled vnto theconfumptionof the iuice (which is knowen when the (tiiffe doth not bubble at all) then did I drainc it, putting it tothedreagaine, addingtherto two ounces of TiH'pentinCjthe which I differed to boile a little,reteruing the fame for my vie* * . . ... The Tan ax Coloni. Clounes Alheale. •* ’{ HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 855 The which I warmed in a fawcer, dipping therein finallfoft tents, which I put into the wound, q defending the partes adioining with a plaifter of Chalctteos relented with oile ofRofes,which man- ner of drefiing or preferring I vfed euenvritill the wound was ;.perfe&ly whole : notwithftanding once in a dav I qaue him two fpoonefuls of this decoction following. I tooke a quart of good Claret wine, wherin I boiled an handfull of the leaucs of Soli dago Sara- D cencapf Sarracens Confound, and fower ounces of honie,whereof I gaue him in the morning two fuopnifuls to drinke in a fmall draught of wine tempered with a little Sugar. In like manner I cured a Shoomakers feruantin Holburnc, who intending to deftroy himfelfe E for caufesknowen vntomany now Idling, and therefore deeming it better to couer the fault, than to put the fame in print, which might moouefuch a gracelcfie fellowe to attempt the like : his attempt was thus ; Firfthegaue himfelfe a moftmortall wound in the throte, infuchfort, that when I <*auc him drinke it came forth at the wound,which likewife did blowe out a candle; another deepe and greeuous wound in the bred with the faid dagger, and alfo two others in Abdomine, or the naather belly: fo that the Zirbtu or fatycommonly called the Caulc,idued foorth,with the guts like wife. The which morcall wounds,by Gods permiflion, and the venues of this hetbe, I perfectly cured within twenty ejaies .For the which the name of God be praifed. Of Magydare or Lafentoort. Chty.yjj. •ft The description. I T feemeth that neither D/oJcorzdes, nor yet TheophraHw haueeuer feene Lajerpititm, Sa - gapen/m , or any other of the gummiferous rootes, but haue barely and nakedly fet downe theircenfuresor iudgements vpon thelame, ei¬ ther by hearefav, or by reading of other mens works. Now then feeing the old writers be vnper- ■ fedt herein, it behooueih vs in this cafe tofearch with more diligence the truth hereof, and the ra¬ ther for that very few haue fet foorth the true de- fcriptionofthat plant which is called LaferpiUum t that is indeede the right Lajerpitiurh , from the rootes whereof floweth thatfap or liquor cahed Lacer. This plant, as Pena and L'Gbcliiu them- felucs fay, was founde out not tar from the lie which Diojcondes callech Scaecados (cue regain it Maffilia)among funt'rje other rare plants. His ftalke is great and thicke like F rula, or Fennell gyantjthe leaues are like vn to the cominc n Smal- lage, and of an vnplcaLnt fauour. Tire Bowers grovve at the topol the ftaikes tuft fiTf/on life Ferula or Fennell; which being pail,there fuccced broad and flat leaues like Angelica, of a goodfa- uourand of the colour of Boxe. The roo:esare many, comming from one head or chieferoote, and are couered ouer with a thicke and fat barke. Thefe rootes and ftaikes being icarifted or cut, there floweth out of them a ftrongc liquor, which being dried is very mcdicinablc, and is called Lacer. $ The p 1 ace. There be fundrie fortes of Lacer flowing from the rootes and ftaikes of Laferpitium^ the goodnes orqiulitie whereof, vaneth according to the countrie or climate wherein the plant grovveth. For :he bed gxoweth vpon the high mountaines of Cyrene,and Africa,and is of a pleafant fmcll,where» )f Catulloi dothtrueiy write. Laferpitmm. Lafer woort. Hhh z S54 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE - Lxferpiciferis tacet Cyrenis. In Englifh thus. As fand doth lie on Cyren fhore, Which beareth Lacerpifc goodftore, in Syria alfo,Media, Armenia,and Lybia; the liquor of which plant growing in thefe places is ofa lothfoir.e and detcftablc fauour. Z/ 0 £e//#*reporteth, that Iacobus Rxinaudus an Apothecarieof Maflilia, was the firft that made it knowen,or brought the plants thereof to Montpellier in France vntothe learned Kofideletint, who right well beholding the fame, concluded that of all thekindesof Ferula which he had euer feene, there was not any fo anfwerablc vnto the true L&ferpitmn as this onely plant. it The time. This plant flowreth in Montpellier about Midfommer. it 7 he names. It is called in Latine Laferpitium :in Englifh Laferwoort and Magydare: the gum or liquor that iflueth out of the fame is called Lacer but that which is gathered from thofe plants that do growe in Media and Syrians called Ajfafcetida. it The nature. Laferpitium dpzchWy thcroote, is hot and drieinthe third degree: Lajerh alfo hot anddricin the third degree,but it exceedeth much the heate of the lcaucs,ftalkes,and rootes of Laferpitium . it The verities. a The rootes of Laferpitium well pouned, or ftamped with oile, fcattercth clotted blood, taketh away blacke and blew markes that come ofbruifes or ftripes, cureth and diflblucth the Kings euill, and all hard fwellings and botches,the places being annointed or plaiftercd therewith. g The fame rootes made into a plaifter with the oile of Ircos and waxe, doth both a flwage and cure the Sciatica,or goute of the hip or huckle bone. The fame holden in the mouth and chewed,doth affwage the toothach; for they arc fuch rootes ^ as drawe from the braine a great quantitie of humors. The liquor or gum of Lifirpitium^CpscidWy the Lafer of Cyrene broken and diflolued in water and drunken, taketh away the hoarfeneflethatcommeth fuddenly: and being fupt vp with a rearc egge, cureth the cough: and taken with fomc good broth or flipping, is good againft an oldc plcurifie. £ Lacer cureth the iaundiesand dropfie taken with dried figs: alio being taken in the quantitie of a fcruple,with a little pepper and Myrihe, is very good againft fhrinking offinewes , and members outofioint. p The fame taken with honie and vineger, or the firupe of viricger, is very good againft the falling ficknefte. q It is good againft the fluxe of the bellie commingof the debilitie and weaknefteof the ftomacke, (called in Latine Cceliacm morbusfiw. be taken with raifons of thelunnc. jq It driueth away the fhakings and fliiucrings of agues,being drunke with wine,pepper,and white Frankincenlc. Alfo there is made an eledtuarie thereof called Anti dot um exfucco Cyrenaico, which is a fingular medicine againft feuer quartaines. j It is excellent againft the bitings of al venemous beafts,and venemous fhot of darts or arrowes, not onely taken inwardly,but alfo applied outwardly vpon the wounds. !£ Itbringeth to maturation, andbreaketh all pcftilentiall impoftumes, botches and carbuncles, being applied thereto with Rue 3 Salt peter and honie: after the fame manner it taketh away cornes after they haue beene foarified with a knife. jp Being laid to with Copperas and Verdigrcale,it taketh away al ftipcrfluous outgrowings offiefh, the Polypus that happeneth in the note,and all fcuruie manginefte. jyi If ir be applied with vineger,pepper and wine,it cureth the naughtie feurfe of the head, and fal¬ ling off of the hairc. |q The gum or liquor of Laferpitium which groweth in Armenia, Lybia, and fundry otherplaces,is that flunking and lothfome gumcalledof the Arabian Phifitions ^Afa and AJfa, as a! fo with vs in fhops Ajfafcetida: butthe Z 4 /£rpvrz«?« growing in Cyrcne is the heft, andoiareafonablepleafant ftnell,and is called Lacer } to diftinguifh and make difference betweene the two iuices; though Affa HISTOB.IE OF PLANTS. 855 ftftidabe good for allpurpofes aforefaid,yet is it not fo good as Lacer of Cyrene: it is goodalfo to fmell vnto^andtobe applied vntothe nauelsof women vexed with the choking, orrifingof the mother. Ofcommon Louage . Chap .yj 6 . Leuifticum vulgar e. Common Louage. # The defription. Ncient writers haueadded vnto this com» mon kinde of Louage, a fecond fort 5 yet knowing that the plant lo fuppofed is the true Siler montanum^ and not Lem Hicum, though others alio haue deemed it Laferpittum . Thcle two fuppolitions are ealily anlwere'd, fith they be fundiie kindesof plants, though verie necre in fhape and faculties one vnto another. This plant being our common garden Louage, hath large and broad lcaues, almoftlike to Smallage. The fialkes are round,hollow and knottie, three cubits high,bailing fpokie tuftes, or bufhic rundles; and at the top of the italics ofa yellow colour,a round, fiat and browne (eede, like the feede of Angelica: the roote is long and t’nicke, and bringeth foorth euery yeere new Items. * The place. The right LeuiHicum or Louage groweth in {undry gardens,and not wi!de(asfar as I knowe)in England. & 7 he time. Louage flowreth molt commonly in Inly and Auguft. ie The navies. It is called in Latin Leu i(licum & Liguflicum: of feme Siler montanum but not truly.-in hi gh Dutch lUSflCCf.CU in French Liuijche; inlowe Dutch I auuiv; in Engliih Louage. * The nature . This plant is hot and drie in the third degree. # T he vertue$. The rootes of Louage are very good for all inward dileafes, drilling away ventofidcs or windy- A ndfe.efpeciafy of the ftomacke. The feede thereof warmeth the ftomacke, helpeth digeftion, wherefore the people of Gennes,B in time oafi: d.d vie it in their meates,as we do pepper,according to the teftimonie of Ant.Ahfu. The diftilled water ofLouage, cleereth the fight, and putteth away all lpots,Ientiles, freckles, C and rednes of the face,if they be often wafhed therewith. Of CoweTarfcnep. Chap.yjf . •k The defeription. T His plant Spondylittm groweth in ail countries, and isknowne by the name of wilde Parfi- ncp,or Spondylium,whereunto it effectually anfwereth, both in his greeuous and ranke fa- uour,as alfointhelikenelfeof the roote, whereupon it was called Spondylium, and of the Germaines Acanthus, but vntruly: the leaucs ol this plant are long and large, not much vnlike the leaues of wilde Parfneppe,or Panax HeracUum , deepely notched or cut about the edges like the teeth ofa la we,and of an ouerworne greene colour. The flowers grow in tufts or rundles,like vnto wilde Parfneps, the roote is like to Henbane: this herbe in each part thereof hath an euill fauour, and differeth from the right ^Acanthiumyiot onely in faculties,but euen in all other things. Hh h 4 Spondylium THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 85 6 Sfondylium. Cow Parfnep. k Theflace. This plant groweth in fertillmoiftmedowes, and feeding pafturcs,very commonly in all partes of England 3 orclfe where 3 in fuch places as Ihaue traueiled. k The time, Sjiondylium flowreth in Iune and Iuly. k The names. It is called in Greek 2»5 v.a>W: in Latine likewife Spondylium, in the lliops ofhigh andlow Germany Branca vrjina , who vnaduifedly in times paft haue vied it in clyfters, infteedeof BranckVrfine, and therupon haue named it 3tntCl0tD i in low Dutch 'B&tntCiatl&ei in Engliflh Cow Parfnep, med- dowe Parfnep 3 and Madnepe. The nature. Cow Parfnep is of a manifeft warme complexion. kThevertues. A The leaues of this plant do confume and dif- folue colde fwellings if they be brufed and applied thereto. B The people of PoIonia 3 & Lituania 3 vfe to make drinke with the deco&ion of this herbe 3 and leucn or feme other thing made of meale, which is vied in fteede of beere 3 and other ordinarie drinke. C The feede of Cow Parfnep drunken 3 fcoureth out flegmatike matter through the guts; it healeth the iaundife,the falling ficknes, the ftrangling of the mother, and them that are fhort winded. D Alfo if a man be fallen into a dead fleepe, or a fwoune 3 the fume of the feede will waken him againe. E If a phrenetike or melancholike mans head be annointed with oile wherin the leaues and roots haue bcene fodden 3 it helpeth him very m uch, and fuch as be troubled with the headach and the le¬ thargic 3 or ficknes called the lorgetfuli euill. Of herhe Frankjncenfe, Qbap.^jR. , f v ■. A k Thekindes. There be diuers forts of herbe Frankincenfo 3 as fhall be declared. k The defeription. T Here hath beenc from the beginning diuers plants of fundrykindes, which men haue termed by this glorious name Libanotts , onely inrefpe&of the excellent and fragrant fmell which they haue yeclded vnto the fonfos of man,fomwhat refemblingFrankincenfe. The fent andfinel! Diofcorides doth afcribe to the roote of this firft kinde, which bringeth foorth a long ftalke with ioints like Fennell 3 whereon growe leaues almoftlike Cheruil or Hemlocks, fa¬ iling that they be greater, broader,and thicker: at the top of the ftalkes grow fpokie taffols bearing whitifh flowers,which do turne into fweete fmelling feede,fomewhat flat, and almoft like the feede of Angelica.The roote is blacke without,and white within ,hairie aboue,at the parting of the root and ftalke like vnto Meum or Peucedanum } and fauoreth like vnto Rofine,or Frankincenfe. kThe r HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 857 # the defeription. 2 Thefecondkinde of Ltbanotii hath alfo a ftraight ftalke 3 full ofknots and ioints : the Ieaues arc like vnto Smallage: the flowers growe in tafiels like vnto the former , and bringe foorth great long,and vneuen feed,of a fharpe tafte: the roote is like the former, and fo is the whole plant very like but letter. I Ltbanotii theophrafli maior. Great herbe Frankincenfe. 2 Ltbanotii Theophrafti minor. Small herbe Frankincenfe. Ik The defer ipt ion. 3 Thcthirde kinde of Ltbanotii differeth fomewhat from the others in forme and fhape, yet it agreeth with them in fmell, which infome fort is like Frankincenfe: the Ieaues arc whiter and rougher then the Ieaues of Lattuca a^reflu: the flalkes do growe to the height of two cubits, bea¬ ring at the toppe the fpokie tufts of Dill 3 fbmewhat yellower the roote is like the former’, but thicker, and wanteth.the hairietattelsatthetoppeof the roote, whichtheotherhaue,before re- hearfed. 4 I cannot finde among all the plants called Ltbanottdes, any one more agreeable to the true and right Libanotis of Diofcorides then this herbe,which arifeth vp to the height of flue or fixe cu¬ bits, with the cleere ("hining ftalks of Ferula, diuiding itfclfe from hisknottie ioints into fundrie armes or branches, fet full of Ieaues like Fennell, but thicker and bigger, and fatter then the Ieaues of Cotulafcetida, of agrayifh greene colour, bearing at the toppe of the flalkes the tufts of Ferula, or rather of Carrots, full of yellowe flowers: which being pad there fuccedethlong flat feed like the feed of the Afh tree, finelling IikeRofin,or Frankincenfe, which being chewed filleth the mouth with the tafte of Frankincenfe, but fharper:al the reft of the plant is tender,Si fomwhat 8 8 THE SECOND: BOOKE OF THE hot, but not vnpleafant,the plant is like vnto Ferula^ and aboLindeth with milkc as Ferula doth, of a reasonable good fauour. it The place. I haue the two laft kinds growing in my garden; the firft and Second grow vpon the high deferts and mountaines of Germanie., it The time. Thcfe herbes do dower in lulie and Auguft. it The names. Thefe plants are called in Greeke SiCamr'f, bicaufe rheir roctes do fmell like incenle,which is cal¬ led in Greeke xi \Ceaus y in Latine Rojmarinm 5 the firft may be Englifhed great Frankincenfe Rofema- rie 5 the Second imall Frankincenfe RoSemarie 5 mafter Lite calleth the thirde in Englifh black Ii2rt roote 5 the fourth white Hart roote: the feede is called Cachrysyx Canchrys. it The nature. ThefeherbesvviththeirSeedesandrootesarehotanddrieintheSeconddegree 3 and are of adi- gefting.dsftoluingjand mundifying nature. it The vertues. A The leaues of Libanotis pouned,do ftoppe the fluxe of the Hemorrhoides or piles 3 and do Supple the Swellings and inflammations of the fundament ca'led CowLihmata, concoð the Swelling of the throte called Strumas , and ripeneth botches that will hardly be brought to fuppuration or ripenefte, B The iuicc of the leaues and rootes mixed with homeland put into theeies 3 doth quicken the fight, and cleereth die dimnefle of the fame. C The feede mingled with honie,doth fcoure andclerife rotten vlcers 3 and being applied yntocold and hard fwellings confumeth and wafteth them, Th« HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 859 The leaues and rootes boiled vntill they be foft, and mingled with the mcale of Darnell and vi- D neger,afwageth the paine of the gout,if they be applied thereto. Moreoucr being receiuedin wine and pepper,it helpeth Morhum regwm, and prouoketh fweate, E and being put into oile and vfed as an ointrnent,it cureth ruptures alfo. It purgeth the difeafe called in Grceke : in Latinc Vttiligopr Impetigo ,that is the white {pot- F tines of the skin,chaps,or rifts in the palmes of thehands,andibiesof the teete, and by your pati¬ ence cofin germane to the Icab of Naples, tranlportcd or transferred into France, and precily well (prinklcd in our northern coafts. When the feed of Ltbanotis is put into receiptcs,youmuft vnderftand, that it is not meant of the G feedcof Cachris, bicaufeitdoth with his fharpnefTe exalperate or make rough the gullet, for it hath a very heating qualitie, and doth drie very vehemently, yea this feede being taken invvardly,or the herbck(clfe,caulcth to purge vpward and downward very vehemently. OfCoriander s . Cbap.-yp, CorUndruin. * ■ Corianders. The def.ripiion. T Hc firft or common kindeof Coriander is a very (linking herbe, (inelling like the ftin- . kingwormeca!ledinLatineC/we.v.”ithath around (lalke full of branches, twofoote long. The leaucs are of a faint greene colour, very much cut or iagged: the leaues that growe loweft & fpring firft, are almoft like the leaues of Cher- uill or Parfley, but thofe which come foorth af¬ terward, and growe vpon the llalkes, are more iagged, almoft like the leaues of Fumitory,though a great deale fiha'IIer, tenderer, and more ragged. The flowers are white, and do growe in rounde taffels like vnto Dill. The feede is round, hollow within, and of apleafantfentandfauourwhenit is drie. The roote is harde, and of a woodie fub- flance, which dieth when the fruiteis ripe, and foweth it (el fc from yeere to yeere, whereby ic mightily incrcafcrh. Thereisafccondkinde of Coriander very like vnto the former, failing that the fruit thereof is greater, and growing togither by couples, is not (o pleafant of (auour nor ta(le,being a vvilde kindc thereof,vnfit either for meate or medicine. & 7 he place. » Coriander is (bwen in fertil fields and gardens, and the firft doth come of it (elfe from time td time in my garden, though I neucr (owed the fame but once. # T he time. They flower in lune and Inly,and deliuer their feede in the end of Auguft. •fr 7 he names. The firft is called in Latine Coriandrum: in Englifh Corianders.The fecond CorUndrum alterum, wilde Corianders. ^ T he temperature . The greene and (linking leaues of Corianders are of complexion cold and dry,and very naught,- vnwholefome ancfhurtfull to tbcbodic. The drie and pleafant well fauoring (eede is warme,and very conuenient to fundrie purpofes. * The 26 o ; THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •kthe vertues. A Coriander feede prepared and couered with fugar, as comfits, taken after meate clofeth vp the mouth of the ftomacke,ftaieth vomiting,and helpeth digeftion. B 7 he fame parched or rolled, or dried in an ouen, and drunke with wine, killeth and bringeth foorth wormes,ftoppeth the laske,and bloodie flixe,and all other extraordinarie ifTues of blood. The manner how to prepare Coriander, both for meate and medicine. C Take the feede well and fufficiently dried,whereupon powic fome wine and vineger,and fo leaue them to infufeor fteepe fower and twenty howers,then take them foorth and drie them,and kcepe them for your vfe. D No Apothecarie ought to fell the feede of Coriander to any perfon, except it be firft prepared in manner abouefaid, neither ought they to couer the fame with fugar in comfits, nor to put the fame in medicine: for although the feede well dried be of a good tafte,yet is it not altogither voide of fome of that fikhie and venemous qualitie, which remaineth in the greene herbe. Wherefore it is not to be vfed in medicine without great care, for that therp hath often great danger enfued vpon the immoderate and vndifereete vfe thereof. E The greene ieaues of Coriander.boiled with the crums of bread or Barly mcale, confumeth all hotfwellings and inflammations: and with Beane mealc difiolueth the Kings euill,wens,and hard lumpes. E The iuice of the Ieaues mixed and laboured in a leaden mortar, with Ccrufe, Litharge of fibier, vineger and oile ofRofes,cureth S.Anthomes fire,and taketh away all inflammations whatfoeuer. G The iuice of the greene Coriander Ieaues, taken in the quai}titie of fower diagmes, killeth and poifoneth the bodie. H The feedes of Coriander prepared with fugar,preuaileth much againft the gowte,taken in fome final! quantise before dinner vpon a fading (tomacke, and after dinner the like, without drinking immediately after the fame, or in three or tower bowers. AUo if the fame be taken after (upper, it preuaileth the more, and hath more {uperioritie ouer the di/eafe. I Alfo if it be taken with meate fading, it caufeth good digeftion, and fhutteth vp the ftomacke* keeping away fumes from rifing vp out of the fame: it taketh away the founding in the cates,diicth vp the rhcumc,and eafeth the fquinancie. OfTarjlej' Chap. 380 . & The kindles . '"“pHerebc diuers forts of Parfley differing in their place of growing as alfo in forme , and firft of L * Garden Parfley,which is more familiarly knownc then the reft. ie Thedcfirtftio*. 1 He Ieaues of garden Parfley are of a beautifull greene, confifting of many little ones faft- i nedtogither, diuided moft commonly into three parts, and alfo fniptrounde about the edges: the ftaike is aboue one cubite high,flender,fomething chamfered,on the top wher- offtande fpoked rundles,bringing foorth very fine little flowers, and afterwards fmall feedes fornc- what of a fierie tafle :thc roote is long and white,and good to be eaten. 2 There is another garden Parfley in tafte and vertue like vnto the precedent: the onely diffe¬ rence is, that this plant bringeth foorth Ieaues verie admirablie crifped or curled like fannes of cur* led teachers ,and the other not fo. I HlSTORlE'OF P C A NTsi S ' “*851 I Apinmbortetife. 2 ApumcnljmmJ'meiKuhipdmK > Garden Parfley. Curled Parfley. The' place. Itisfowenin beds in gardens; it groweth both in hot and colde places, fl> that the grounde be either by nature moift,or be oftentimes watered: for it profpereth m moift places, and is dehghte with water,and therefore it naturally coinmeth vp neere to fountaines or fprings: Fuchjim writeta that it is found growing of it felfe in diuers tennie grounds in Germanic. & The time. . Itmaybefowenbetime, but itflowlycommeth vp: it may oftentimes be cut and cropped: i£ bringeth foorth his (Dikes the (econd yeere : thefeedes be ripe in Inly or Augull. it The names. . Huery one of theParfleyes is called in Greek oinvov: but this is named dnvov mmloif, that is to fay, upturn hartenfc: the Apothecaries and common Herbarifts name it Fetrofelinum: in high Dutch l^CtCVOlft tit tin low Dutch ^TrtniCit IpCtCtfcUC ♦ in French du Fer/il: in Spanifh Perexil luhuert, Jnd Salfa : in Italian Fetrvfello: in Englifb Pcrfele, Parfely , common Parfely, and garden Parfley. Yet is it not the true and right Petrofeiinum which groweth among rocks and (tones , wherupon it tookehis name, and rhebeftis in Macedonia: therfore they are deceiued whothinke that garden J arfleydoth not differ from Stone Parfley ,and that the onelv diiference is, for that garden Parfley s of lcfle force then the wilde; for wiideherbes are more ftronger in operation then thole of the garden. The temperature. Garden Parfley is hot and dry, but the leede is more hot and drie, which is hot in the fecond de- jree,and dry almoft in the thirde: the roote is alfo of a moderate heate. , it 7he vertues. The Ieaues are plcafant in fauces, withbroth, a sFlinie writeth in his 20. booke 11.chapter, A Lirpns 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Largi* portiombtu inn&tant , in which bcfides that they giuc a plcafanttaftc, they be alfo fingi 'lar good to take away (loppings, and to prouoke vrine: which thing therootcsTikewife do notablie performe if they be boiled in broth : they be alfo dclightfull to the taftc 3 and agreeable to the flo- macke. B The feedes are more profitable for mcdicine,they make thinne, they open, they prouoke vrine, they difiolue the {lone,they bteake and wake away winde,they are good for fuch as bane the drop- fie,they draws downcmcnfes, they bring away the birth, and afterbirth: they be commended alfo againft the cough if they be mixed or boiled with medicines made for thatp'urpofe: laflly they re- fift poifbns,and therefore they be mixed with treacles. C ' The rootes or the feedes of any of them boiled in ale and df unken, caft foorch flrong venomc orpoyfon, but the feedc is the ftrongefl part of the herbe. D They are alfo good to be put into clyfters againft the ftone or torments of the guts. Of water Tarfleypr Small age. fhap.fi. Eliofelinurafate Pa'udapium. Smallage. it The deferiftien. Mallagc hath greene, frnooth, and glittering Ieaues,cutinto very many parcels, yet greater and broader then thofe of common Parfley; the ftalkes be chamfered and diuided into bran¬ ches,on the tops whereof ftande little white flow¬ ers, after which do growe feedes fome thing lefler then thofe of common Parfley, the rooteisfaft- ned with many firings. it The place. This kindc of Parfley delighteth to growe in moifl places, and is broughtfrom thence into gar* dens. it The time. * It flourifheth when the garden Parfley doth, and the ftalkes like wife commeth vp the next ycere aftcritisfowen, and then alfo itbringeth foorth feedes which are ripe in Iuly and Auguft. it The names. It is called in Greeke of Gaza palma-. fium: infhops Csfpium, abfolutely without anie addition: inLatine Palnftre Apium , and o fpum r up cum ; in high Dutch Cpf fiC& X in lowe Dutch CppCj & ofdiuers SotifTrOUtUtltCrcS t in Spanifh and Italian Apto: in French * 5 ? L’ache: in Engliih March Marifh Parfley, and Apium aquatile , or wa¬ ter Parfley; but Hydrofehnum , or Slum znaittt, is the true water Parfley. it The temperature. This Parfley is like in temperature and vertues to that of the garden , but it is both hotter and drier, and of a more force in moil things .-this is not woonted to be eaten, neither is it counted good for fauce,but it is not vnprofitable for medicine. rr The vertues. The iuice thereof is good for many things,it cIcnferhjOpencth,attenuatctb or maketh thirt;itire- moueth obftrudtions, and prouoketh vrine, & therfore thofe fyrups, which hath this mixed with them,as that which is called Syrupus Etz&ntiMu> open the (loppings of the liuer and fplcene,and is a HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8 5 $ a remedie for long lading agues, whether they be tertians or quarterns, and all other which pro- ceedebothofacoldecaufeandalfoof obftru&ions orftoppings , and are very good againfl the yellowe iaundife : the fame iuicedoth perfe&ly cure themalitious and venemotis vlcers of the mouth,and of the almonds of the throtc with the deco&ion of Barley and Mel Rofarum , or honie of Roles added, if the parts be waffled therewith : it likewife helpeth all outwarde vlcers and foule wounds: with honie it is profitable alfo for cankers exulcerated, for although it can not cure them, yet it doth keepe them from putrifadion 5 and preferueth them from (linking: the feede is good for thofe things for which that of the garden Parfley is; yet is not the vfe thereof fo fafe,for it hurteth thofe that are troubled with the falling (icknes,as by euident proofes it is very well knowne. Smallage as Pliny writeth,hath a peculiar vertue againfl: the biting of venemotis fpiders 1 . B The iuice of Smallage mixed with honie and bcane flower 3 doth make an excellent mudifica- C tiue for old vlcers and malignant fores 3 and ftaieth alfo the weeping of the cut or hurt finewes in Ample members 3 which are not very fattie or flefhie 3 and bringeth the fame to perfect digeftion. The leaues boiled in hogs greafe and made into the forme of a pultis 3 taketh away the paine of D felons and whitlowes in the fingers 3 and ripeneth and healeth them. Of Mountaine c P'arfley . Cbap.-fiz. Oreofelinum. Mountaine Parfley. & The defeription. T Heftalkeof mountaine Parfiey 3 as Dioftcri- desw riteth 3 is a (pan high, growing from a Render roote 3 vpon which are branches and little heads 3 Iike thofe of Hemlockc 3 yet much flen- derer: on which (talks do grow the feede,which is long, ofafharpe or biting tafte 3 flender 3 and of a ftrong fmell, like vnto Cumin : but we can not finde that this kinde of mountaine Parfley is knowne in our age : the leaues of this are like thofe ofcommon Paifley 3 but greater and broader, con- fifting of many (lender footeftalkes faftned vnto them 3 the (talke is fhort,the flowers on the (poked tufts be white 3 the (cede (mall: the roote is white, and ofameane length and bignes, in tafte (bme- what biting and bitterifh,and of a fvveete fmell. # The place. Diofcorides writeth that mountaine Parfley gro- weth vponrockes and mountaines which diuide Silefia from Morauia,called in times pad the coil- trey of the Marcomans: and alfo on other moun¬ taines and hils in the north parts of Englande. ic T he names. The Grecians doe name it of the mountaines ipeocrzA/yov, which the Latines alfo for that caufe do call c .Apium Montamm , and Montapium , in En- glifh mountaine Parfley: in Latine Aptum : but Diofcorides maketh Petrofelinum or (lone Parfley to differ from mountaine Parfley 3for faith hc,we muft not be decciued 3 taking mountaine Parfley to be that whitjji groweth on rockes: for rocke Parfley is another plant 3 of (bme it is called (iitzl* gutta: in Latine Multibom (in Englifh Much good;) for it is fo named bicaufe it is good and pro¬ table for many things 3 and this is not altogither vnproperly termed Oreofelinum,ox mountaine Par- fleysfor it groweth as we haue faide on mountaines, and is not vnlike to ftone Parfley: the feede is not 864 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE not like to that of Cumin, for if it were fo, whowoulde denie it to bzOreofelinm, or Dtofcorides mountainc Parfley. The temper a ture and vertues. A Oreofelimmpt mountainc Parfley is as Galen faith, like in faculty vnto Smallage,but more effec*. tuail ^D^y^n^writeth that the feedeand roote being drunke in wine prouoketh vrine, bringeth dovvne the menfes,and that it is mixed with counterpoifons,pHfing medicines, and medicines that are hot. B The roote of Veelgutta> or Much Good, is alfo hot and drie, and that in the latter ende of the fecond degree,it tnaketh thin, it cuttcth, openeth, prouoketh, breaketh the (tone, and expeileth it, openeth the ftoppingsoftheliuer and fpleene, andcureth the yellowe iaundife, being chewed it helpeth the toothach,and bringeth much water out of the mouth. Offione Parfley of<£\£acectonie. Chap.fli,. i Petrofelimm Macdonicum Fuchstj. % Petrofelinum Macedonicum verum, Baftard (lone Parfley. The true Parfley of Macedonia. ^ The defer iption. O Fftone Parfley very little is written by the olde writers, Diojcorides onclyEith that this hath {cede like to that of Ameos, but of a more plealant fmeli, fharpe, aromaticall, or fpiccd: touching the forme of theleaues , the colour'of the flowers, andfafhion of the roote he writeth nothing at all :and Plime is more breefe, as for Theophrajltts he doth not fo much as name ic, making mention onely of Parfley Alexander,Smallage,and mountaine Parfley. H IS TOR IB OF PLANTS, 8*5 r For ftonc Parfley Leonbartun F/tchfius hath fet downe a plant, hailing leaues not fpred and cut after the maner of garden Parfley,budong,and (nipped roundabout, made vp and faftned to a rib or ftem in the midlt/omfhing like, but yet not altogither to the fir ft leaues of the lefler Saxifrage 5 the ftalke is (lender, and a cubite highjthe (lowers on the (poked tufts are white: theleed fomthing blackc,like to that of Amebs, and garden Pamcy, very (weete of linell , fomthing fharpe or biting i the roote is (lender and full of firings. 2 VObcltm al(o in fteede of the right ftonc Parfley deferibeth another, which the Venetians call (lone Parfley of Macedonia,this hath leaues like thole of garden Parfley,or of Saxifrage rathenthe fta'ke is a cubite high ; the (poked tufts fomethin'g white: the feede liuail, quickly vading ( as he faith)inferior to that of garden Parfley in temperature and vettues: but whether this be the true and ripht (lone Parflev,he addeth,he is ignorant. k The place. It groweth on craggie rocks,and among (tones: but the bed: in Macedonia whereupon itbeareth the(urname Macedomcum, of Macedonia. is The tins. It flowreth in the fommer moneths. k 7 he names* ItiscaIledinGreeke^7fo<rA'rot' ) of the (tonic places where it groweth : in Latin zPetrapium, & Petrojclinum Mxcedonicum : in Englifh (tone Pai (ley: the Apothecaries know it not: they are farre decciued that would haue theherbe which Fuihfuixp\div\rcih to be for Amomum dif- fereth from this, as it is very plaine by the delcription thereof in Diofcortdes: but weholde this foe the true (tone Parfley,till fuch time as we may learnc fome other more like in Jeafc to the Parlleics and in feede, fuch as that of (tone Parfley ought to be : and the very (cede it (cite may car fe vs to holde this opinion,being fo agreeing to the delcription as no herbe more 5 for it is fharpe'& biting, and of a fweeterfmel then is that of Ameos, and of a more fpicie fent; yet do not the leaues gain- faic it,which though they haue not the perfed forme of other Parfleyes, yet notwithftanding are not altogither vnlike. k The temperature. The feede of ftonc Parfley which is mod commonly vied, is ho t and drie, hauing withall a cut¬ ting qualitie. k Thevertues. It prouoketh vrine,and bringeth downe the flowers,it is profitable againft.winde in the ftomack, A and colick gut,and gripings in the belly: for it is, as Galen faith , e*?>iw, that is to (ay, awaftcroc confumer ofwinde: it is a remedie againft paine in the (ides, kidneies, and bladder, it is aUo mixed in counterpoifons: Diofcortdes. Of Alexanders . Chap.$ 84 ,. k The defeript ion. T Helcauesof Alexander are cut into many parcels like thofe of Smallage, but they bemuch greater and broader, fmooth alfo,andot a deepegreene colour: the ftalke is thickc, often¬ times a cubite high: the flowers be white,and growe vpon (poked tufts; the feede is thicke, long, blacke, fomethingbitter, andofanaromaticallor (picie frcell: the roote is thickc, blacke without,white within,like to a litle Radifh,& is good to be eaten ,out of which being broken or cur, there lflueth foorth a iuice that quickly waxeththicke, hailing in it a fharpe bitcernefle, like in taftevntoMyrrhe: which thing AfoTheophraftuhaih. noted, there ifliieth out of it, faith he, a iuice like Myrrhe. v ttippoflinum. lii 1 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Hippofelinum. Alexanders. it The place. Alexanders or great Parfley, grovveth in moil places of England. He! he time. The feede vvaxech ripe the fecondyeere, in the month of Augufl. # The names. It is called in Greeke of the greatnes, wherein it excelleth the other Parfleyes hrw.ai^y > or great Parfley 3 of Gaza Equapium : it is alfo named Oltu atrum ) or blacke Potherbe,and of diners Syluefire apium, or wilde Parfley ; of Galen and certaine others crjAv'pviov, by reafon of the iuice that ifluerh foorth thereof, that is, as wehauefaide,like vn- to Myrrhe,which is called in Greeke c^i/pwot': there is alfo another Smyrnium of mount Aman, of which we doc write in the Chap. 387. the Apo¬ thecaries qal it Pttrofeltnwn Macedonicum: others Petrofelinum ^ilexandrmum ; the Germaines ^0 C? \ the lowe Countrie men }|$0t0t* fCllC ait fi?fiCC00m'0lt X in Spanifh Perexil Ma - cedomco : the French and Englifhmen Alexan¬ dre^ Alexander. 1 -fii i? The temperature. The feede and roote of Alexanders,is noleflc hot and drie then are thofe of the garden Parfley, they clenfe and make thinne, being hot and drie in the thirde degree. *kThe vertues. Diofcorides faith, that the Ieaues and flalkes are boiled and eaten, and drefTed alone by them- felues , or with fifhes: that they are preferued rawe in pickle: that the roote eaten both rawe and. fodde, is good for the ftomacke: the roote heereof is alfo in our age ferued to the table rawe for a falladeherbe. The feedes bring downe the flowers, expell the fecotidine, breake and confume winde, prouoke B vrine,and are good againfl the ftrangurie: the decodlion alfo of the roote doth the fame,efpecially if it be made with wine. Oj mlde'T arflej . Cbap.ffi, ie The defer iption. T His is like to the kindes of Paifleyes in the fundrie cuttes of the Ieaues , and alfo in the big- nefle ; for they be broad, and cut into diners parcels : the flalkes are round, chamfered, fet with certaine ioints, hollow within, acubite high or higher, two or three commingfoerth togither out of one roote, and in the neather part many times of a darke reddifh colour. The flow¬ ers be white, and growe vpon fpoked tuftes: the feede is round, flat, like that of Dill: the rcote ss white within, and diuided into many branches and filings. This plant in what part feeuer it be cut or broken,yeeldeth fdorth a milkie iuice. Ap'tm 85 / HISTORIE upturnfyluejlre ftue Thyjfehum. Wilde Parfley. OF PLANTS. ft The place. It is found by pondes fides in moift and dankifh places,in ditches alfo hauing in them {landing wa¬ ters, and oftentimes by olde flocks of Alder trees. ft The time. Itflowreth and bringeth foorth feede in Iunc and Inly., ft The names. The {hops of the Low countries hauemifcalled it in times paft by the nameof^»^&vfeditfor the right Mew or Spiknell vvoort. The Germanes name it OlftHICl) ♦ Valerius Cordus Olfenichium : diners itVthe Low coutries cal it Cpp£, that is to fay in Latin zAptumfyluejlre , or wilde Parfley, and fome tuat^r Gcppfe, that is, Hydrofehncn,ot A- pium acjuatUc, water Parfley, and oftentimes it is named, as wehaue alreadie written, Eleojelinwn , and Sium.lt may be more rightly termed in Latine Apium fyluejlre^ andm Englilh wilde Parfley. Diofcorides hath made mention of wild Parfley in the chapter ofDaucttsot wild Carrot, and Theo~ phrajlus in his feuenth booke,where he maketh the Parfleyes to differ bothinleauesandftalkes, and {heweth that fomc hauc white ftaikes, others pur¬ ple, or elfe of fundrie colours,and that there is alfo a ceratine wilde Parfley $ for he faith that thofe which haue the purple flalkes, and the ftaikes of diners colours, come neereft of all to the wilde >arfley. And therefore feeing that Olfenichium, or wilde Parfley, hath the lower part of the ftalke of purplifh colour, & like in lcaues to Parfley, which in times paft we thought good rather to call ipftm fylueHre, or wilde Parfley, than to erre with the Apothecaries, and to take it for Mew. And fterwhen we now know that it was held to be ThyJfeliumPlinij, andthat we could ailedge nothing d the contrarie,we alfo fetlcd our felues to be of their opinion ' y and the rather bicaufe the faculties re agreeable. T hyjfehum, .faith Plinie in his 2'5.booke 11. chapter,is not vnlike to Parfley : the roots ereofpurgeth flegme out of the head \ which thing alfcrthe roote of Olfenichium doth effectually erforme, as we will foorth with declare. Thtnamealfo is agreeable, forit feemech to be called bicaufe it extendeth it felfe,in Grceke 5 ^,thorowi A ^ cu floxirrarrifh places, ft The temperature* The roote hcreofis hot and drie in the third degree/'^ ru I.".;;.- ft Thevertues. ‘ • The roote being chewed,bringeth by the month flegme out of the head, and is a remedie for the A lothache, and there is no doubt but that it alfo maketh thin s cutteth/arKpopeneth, prouoketh rine,and bringeth down e the fiowers,& doth likewife nodefie but more effe&ually performe thofe lings that the reft of the Parfleyes do. ' ■ Of battard^Pdrfley. Qhap.^6. . . ft Thekindes. ' .asdniw hi; r Here be diuers forts,of baftardParfleies,you fliallreeeiUe the figure of one, with the deferip- tions ofmoe. .« ft The.defeription. : “ a .; , " r r He firft kinde of baftard Parfley is a rough hairieherbe, not much vnlike to Carrots: the leaues are like to thofe of Corianders,but parted into many fmall iagges: at the top : of the branches do growTbadowievmbles,orfpokierundIes, confifting of many fmallwhite flo* Crs : the feede is long and rough,Iike the feede of Carrots, but greater: the. roote is ftraight and ^S^jgfowing deepe into the grounde 3 of a white colour,and in taftc like theParfnep. Hi 2 email* 858 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Caucalisalbti floribus. Baftard Parfley with white flowers,. kThe defcriftion. There is another fort like vnto the former, fa. uing that the leaues heereof are broader, and the flowers are of areddifh colour: there hath great controuerfie rifen about the true determination oi Cauca/zjjbicaufe the Latine interpretation of Diof- corides is greatly fufpe<fted, ( conteining in it felfe much fuperfluous matter , not pertinent to the hiftorie :but we deeme that this plant is the true Caucalis , the notes fet downe declare it {o to be: the flowers, faith he, are reddifh: the feedes coue- red with a rough huske fet about with prickles, which cleaue vnto garments that it toucheth,as do Burs, which roughnes being pilled off, the feed appeereth like vnto hulled Otes,not vnplealantin taftc, all which do fhevv it to be the fame. There is likewife another fort that hath a long Angle roote,thrummed about the vpperende with many thrum mie threds, of a browne colour: from which rifeth vp diners ftalks fullofioints or knees, couered with a fheath or skinniefilme, like vnto that of Meum; the leaues are finely cut or iagged. refembling the leaues of our Englifh Saxifrage: the flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes in fpot- tie rundles like Fennell: the feede is fmall like that ofParfley. > k 7 he place. / - rr': Theft -plants do growe naturally vpon rocker andftoniegroundes, we haue the fir ft and the Iaftin our paftures in moft places of England i that with red flowers is a ftranger in England.' ad'bJ b! {v/ona -There is likewife one oftheftToiuide mSpaine.i,.calIed Caucalis Hifpanica., like the former; but it is an annual! plant,which perifheth at the firftapprocliof winter, the which I haue fowen in my garden,bntitperi{liedbeforethefeedewas.perfe£led.vrir daa .. Sf.'Thetiwe; - They flower and flourifh from Maie toahe^nd of Au guft, - • kJ he names. Ballard Parfley is called in Greeke in Latine alfo C Mentis , of fbmc Daucus fylueflris , or wilde Carrotjbut vnproperly: among the baftard naraps of Democntw <, Bewv: in Latine Pes Gaili- nacens , PesPulhii da£ Egyptians name it Sefttiia thecfliiJ&rey men of Hetruria Petrofello fdu&Hco' inEnglifbb^lftardParifleyjandHennesioateL ■ .T j-rhiud ■■ohonbottubbnn c !>d?j?djool ioha . • ^7 “tetmfer mw* tnd^tws.. A Diofcorides faith, that baftard Paifley is a potherbe which is-^atenbjthetr&wc or boiIed, and pro* uoketh vrine. % r , >.<•■>. CVA. - II B Phny doth reckon it vp alfo among tHepotherbes :iSalen addeth,thaut is preftrued in pickle for fallacies in winter. G Thefecde r nfbaftard Pa'rfley iseiiidently-Hotailddriej^tndthat vnderthefeconcl degree:it pto- uoketh vrine,and bringeth downe the defiredficknes: it difiblueth theftoneand dritfeth ltfootth. D It taketh away atid ftegmatikehuhroufs aiid refrefircth E Mdthi6fusv\ his Gommetit&ries. vpon Biofcoride }, the-ftcondebodke ; satrributethwnto it mams excellent verLues,t6 prouoke venerie and bodily luftjandere^libnoffiie parts, , . 1 : ' oj HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8 fts» Of Candle ^Alexanders. Qyap.fy. I3n i Sirnicim Creticum . Candie Alexanders. -Is it Thedefcription. *> — «>r* r . '• v.» pt'*' * Iofcorides and Plinie haue reckoned SmyrnL urn among the kindes of Parfley , whole iudgements while this plant is yoong and ' not growen vppe to a ftalke, may ftandewith very good reafbn, for that the yoong leaues next the grounde are like vnto Parfley, but fomewhac thicker and largerramong which rifeth vp a ftalke a cubite high/and fomwhatmore, garnifhed with round leaues, farre different from thefe next the grounde, inclofmg the ftalke about like Thorow waxe - or 7 'erfoluta\ which leaues are of a yellow colour, and do rather refemble the leaues ofFole- foote then Parfley : at the top oftheftaikes doe growe round fpokie tufts of a yellovve colour, af¬ ter which commeth rounde and blacke feeds like Colewoorts, of a fharpe and bitter tafte like Myrrhe:theroote is white and thicke,contrary to the opinion of Dodontus, who faith, it is blacke without, but I fpeake that which I haue feene and prooued. & The place. Smyrnium groweth naturally vpon the hits and mountaines of Candie, and in my garden alfo in great plentie: alfo vpon the mountainc Amanus in Cilicia. The time. Smyrnium flowreth in Iune, and the feede is ripe in Auguft. & The names. This plantis called in Latinc Smyrnium: in Greeke ?>moviov : in Cilicia Petrofelincn, and as Galen teftifieth,feme haue called it Hippofclmum agrefte: in Englifh Candie Alexanders, or Thorowbo- red Parfley. •&The nature . Smyrnium is hot and drie in the thirde degree. it The vertues. The leaues of Smyrnium do diflolue wens, and hard fvvellings, drieth vp vlcers, and cxcoriati- A ons,and gleweth wounds togither. The feeds are good againft the ftoppings of the fp!eene,kidneics,and bladder. Candie Alexanders hath force to digeft and wafte away hard fvvellings,in other things it is like to garden Parfley,and ftone Parfley, and therefore we vfe the (cede thereof to prouoke the defired fickncs, vrine,and to helpe thofe that are fluffed in the lungs,as Galen writeth. The roote is hot,fo is the herbe and feede,which is good to be drunke againft the bitings of fer- J) pents: it is a remedy for the cough, and profitatfte for thofe that cannot take their breath, vnlefle they do fit or ftandevprighr: it helpeth thofe that can hardly make their water: the leede is good againft the infirmitic of the fplcene or milt, the kidneics and biadder: it is likewife a good medicine for thofe that haue the dropfie as Diofcorides writeth. 3 Of n® THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfTarfneps* Chap. 388 . tfr The kindes. There be two forts of Parfheps 3 the tame and the wilde. ' .V , . ■V ■ .'}■ • ■ / I Pajlinaca htifohafatiuct Garden Parfneps. 2 Pajl in a ca latifoliaJyTdepris. Wilde Parfneps. & The defer iption. 1 »>“|-^Heleaues of the tame or gardenParfneps are broads, confiftingoimany fmall leaues faft- 1 ned to one middle rib like thofe of the Afh tree: the ftalke is vpright, of the height of a man: the dowers ftande vpon fpokie tufts,of colour yellowe3 after commeth the feede flat and rounde 3 greater then thofe of Dill: the rooce is white,long,fweete 3 and good to be eaten. 2 The wilde Parfnep is like to that ofthe garden,inleaues 3 ftaike 3 tuft ,ydlowe flowers, flat and round feede 5 but altogither lefler: the roote is fmalfhard.wo odie 3 and not fit to be eaten. y- The place. The garden Parfaep requireth a fat and loofe earthy nd that, that is digged deepe. The wilde Parfnep groweth in vntoiled places, efpecially in the fait marfhes, vpon the bankes and borders of the fame: the feed whereof being gathered and brought into the garden,and fowed in fertill grounded© prooue better iootes 3 fweeter 3 and greater , then they that are fbwen of feedes gathered from thofe of the garden. They flower in Iulie and Auguft 3 and feede the fecond yeere after they be fowen. The names. h The Heibariftes of our time do call the garden Parfneps sapt )K r ivof, and Pajlinaca 3 and therefore wehauefurnamedit Latifolta , or broad leafed, that it may differ from the other gardenParinep with narrow leaues 9 which is tmely and properly called Staphylr/m , that is the garden Carrore. Some HISTORIE OF PLANTS. S 7 i Some phyficions doubting and notknowjngto what herbe it fhouldc be referred, hauefained the wilde kind heerof to b zPxnacisJpecies , or a kind of Alheale, as fliall be declared in his proper place: diners haue named it Baucta, others haue called it Brauca Lconina, which if you diligently marke and confer with Elaphobofcum Dtofcor/dtsyou l"hal hardly find any difference at all: but the plant called at Montpelier Pabulum Ccruinumjw Englifh Harts fodder,fuppofed there to be th e true E/aphobof- difFereth much from the trueViores of wilde Parfneps: But Baucia, as Jacob us Manlius reoor- teth in Luminari rnaiorejs Diojcondes and the old writers Pajlinacag hat is to fay,T enufoliapx Car¬ rot : the old writers, andefpecially Diofcondes haue called this wilde Parfiicp by the name alfo of Elaphobofcum: that of the garden we do call Parfneps and Mypes. itl he temperature. - - The Parfncp rootc is moderately hot, and more drie then moift. it The verities. The Parfneps nourifhmorethen dothc Turneps or the Carrots, andthcnourifhmentisfomc- A what thicker,but not faultic nor badjnotwithftanding they be fomwhat windierthey pafie thorough the body neither (lowly nor fpeedily: they neither binde norloofe the bellie: they prouoke vrine, and luft of the body: they be good for the (tomacke,kidneies,bladder and lungs. There is a good and pleafant foode or bread made of the rootes of Parfneps as my friend mafter B flat hath fetfoorth in his bookc of exper imenes, which I haue made no triall of,nor meane to do. The feed is hotter and drier eucn vnto the fecond degree,it niooucth vrine, and confumcth wind. C Itis reported,faith Dhfcor/des , that Deere are preferuedfrom bi tings of Serpents, byeatingof £> the herbe Elaphobofcum pi wilde Parfnep, wherupon the feed is gitien with wine.,againfl the bitings ' and Ringings of ferpen ts. Of Sfyrretr. Chap.^Sp. Sifarum. Skirrets. ic 7 he defeription. T Heleaucsof the Skirrctdo likewife confifl of many fmall leaues faftened to one rib,eue- ry particular one whereof is fomething nic¬ ked in the edges, but they arc lefler, greener, and fmoother than thofe of the Parfncp. The fialkes be fhort,and feldomc a cubite high; the flowers in the fpoked tufts are white, the rootes be many in num¬ ber, growing out of one head,an hand bredth long, molt commonly not a finger thicke,they ajre fweer, white,good to be eaten, and moft pleafant in tafie. > it 7 he place a nd tune. This Skirretis planted in gardens,and efpeciallv by the roote, for the greater and thicker ones being taken away,the lefler are put into the eartli againe, wh ch tiling is heft to be done in March or Aprill, before the ftalkes con.c vp, and at this time the rootes which be gathered arc eaten rawc. it The names. This herbe is called in haunt Sifarurn, andalfo in Grecke mm&v. the Latincs doe likewife call ic Stfer: and diners of the later Herbarifts Seruilltm or C her u; Hump r seruiila : the Germans name it %itt* im, Trcgu* Jam prten B apunheien: in the lowe countries ^Upcfect U3C,HdCttjj,thaf is to fay, Sugar rootes, and oftentimes in Spamfhc/^- rinia : in Italian Sifaro: in French Cheruy: inEng- lifn Skirretand Skirwoorr. And this is ihztS/ferpi Skirret, which Tiber ha the Emperour commanded to be conueied vnto him from Geldubaacaftcil about theriuersofRhene, as Plinte reporteth in his 19 booke 5.chapter. The Skirretis a medicine- blc herbe, and is the fame that the foreiaidc Emperor did fo much comincndc, info much that he lii 4 defired 87* THE SECOND BOOK'E OF THE deflrcd the Tame to be brought vnto him cucry yeere out of Germanie. It is not,as diners fuppofcji Ser&pjc his Secacul ' of which he hath written in his 8^.chapter: for Secaculis deferibed by theleafe oiltilberi) that is to fay.of the Pcafe, as OMathiohu Sylu&ticus expoundcth it: and it bringeth foorth a blackc fruit of the bignefle of a Ciche pcafe, full of moifturc.and of a fweete tafte,which is called Grknum Culcuf. But the Skirret hath not the leafe of the pcalc, neither doth it bring foorth fruit like to the Ciche pcafe, whereupon it ismanifcft, that the Skirret doth very much differ horn Serapfa his Secacui: fo far is it from being the fame. * The nature and vertues. ~ A Therootesof the Skirret be moderately hot and moift; theybeeafily conco&ed; they noufifh meanly ,andyee!d a realonable good iuice: but they are fomethingwindie, by reafon whereof they alloproiiokeluft. B They be eaten boiled, with vineger,fait, and a little oile,a ftcr the manner of a fallad, and often¬ times they be fried in oile and butter,and alio duelled after other faihions, according to the skill of the cooke,and the tafte of the eater. C The women in Sweuia, faith Hteronymm Hercldut, prepare the roots hereof for their husbands, and knowe full well wherefore and why,&c. D The iuice of the rootes drunkc with goates milke floppeth the laskc.Thc fame drunkc with wine putteth away windinefTe out of thcftomacke,and gripings of the belly, andhelpeth the hickctor ycoxing. They dir vp appetite,and prouokc vrinc. Of Carrots . Chap . 390 . & The kindcs. Here be two fortes of PtfJ?/>/ff4withiaggcdleaucs, called in Englifh Carrots with iagged or narrow leaues,there is one wilde. and of thole ? a flinaca fhtiua tenuifeUa. Yellow Carrot. ft The deferiptton . T Hc Ieaucs cf the garden Carrots are of a deepc greenc colour, compofed of many fine Fennell-like leaues, very notably cutor iagged; among which rifeth vp.a ftalke ftraighc and round, fower cubites high, fomewhat hairie S£id hollow , hauing at the top round fpoked tufts, in which do growe little white flowers:in their places commeth thefeede rough and hairie, of z fweete fmeil when it is rubbed. The rootc is long, thicke and Angle, ofafaire yellow colour, plcafanc to be eaten, and very fweete in tafle. There is another kinde hereof like to the for¬ mer in all partes, and differeth from it onely inthc colour of the roote, which in this is not yellow, but ofa blackifh red colour. The place. Thcfe Carrots are fowen in the fieldcs and in gardens, where other potherbes arc: theytequirc a loolc and well manured foilc. The time. They aic to bee lowcn in Aprill; they bring foorth their flowers and feede the yeere after they be for en. : HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 873 •kthcnmes. The Carrot is properly called in Grcekc wft/Xiws,for that which we haue termed in Latine hy the nameo [Pajlinaca Lttitru foliyot the garden Parfnep, is deferibed of theolde writer>by another name: this Carrot is called in Latine likcwife ^Pajhnacxfatiua, but with this addition timtifolia, that it may differ from the garden Parfnep with broad leaues ,and white rooce. Theoph ? xfhu in the ^.bookcofhishiftoryofplantsnameth thi s Sfapbyknus, or Carrot, Jki'm, and writeth that itero- weth in Arcadia, and faith that the bed is founde mspMttnfiAchatA, butdoubtleflc hemencthac Dauctu which we call Cretenfs, that may be numbred among the Carrots; Galen m his booke of the faculties of Simple medicines doth alfo make it to be Dxucm , but yet not limplie Daucus i but with .a compound name Dauctupxjhnacx: in high Dutch it is called ®e£U‘Uth'lU inlowc Dutch »|5cCl PeEltj v55C£l ^OOtCfband <fjCEl OTO^ttlCtt i in French Carotte , and kacme iaulue : in Italian PaJIi- mex: in Spanish Cxnxhorta . in EngliHa yellow Conors: the other is called red Carrot,and blacks Carrot. The temperature andvertucs. Thcrootcof the yellow Carrot is moft commonly boiled with fat fiefh and eaten: itistempe- A ratcly hoc and (bine thing moid.The nourifhmcnt which commeth thcrof is not much,and not verie good: itisfomcthingwindic, butnotfo much as be thcTurncps: anddothnoc fofooneasthey pafle through the bodic. . The red Carrot is of like facultie with the yellow. The leede of them both is hot and drie 5 it B breaketh and confumcth windmdIc,prouokcth vrinc,as doth that of the wrlde Carror. Ofwilde Carrot. Chap.^u Pall in act fyfuettrii tcnuifolis. Wilde Carrot. •& The defeription. T He leaues of the wild Carrot are cut into diV tiers (lender narrowe parcels, very like vnro thofc of the garden Carrots, but they be fomewhat whiter, and more hairie: the ftalkes be likewife hairie and fomewhat rough: the flowers are little,and dandevpon broad fpoked tufts, ofa white colour,of w hich tuft of flowers the middle moft part is of a deepe purple, the whole tuft is drawne togither when the feedeis ripe,rcfembling a birdesned; w hereupon it hath beenc named of fomc Birds neft: the roote (lender,and ofa meane ' length. # The place.. It groweth of it fclfc in vntoiled places, in fields and in the borders thcrcofalmoft euery where. it T he time. They flower and flourifh in Line and Lily, the (cede is ripe in Auguft, it Then a -net. The wilde Carrot is called in Grecke in Latine Paflinacx fyluefirU tenufehx : in fhops Dxuctu ; & is vfed in deed of the cruel)*** and not amifife, nor vnprofitablie; for Galen alfo in his time doth tedifle that it was taken for Dxucus, or badard Parfley, and is without doubc Dxuci fylueflris genus , or a wilde kindc of badarde Pardev, fo called of Theophraflu-t: in high Dutch Dutch , ^ ^ _ it is named OTtfD PaffenCtLCllGgOl neft: in lowe gi K^dthen^em $74 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ^Jthen&m citing Diphtlus for the author 3 faith,that the Carrot is called *hwpo»-, bicaufe it ferueth for louc matters, and Orphem, asp//>rywriteth, faide,that the vfe heercoi winneth lone, which things be written of wilde Carrot, the roote whereof is more effe&uall then that of the garden, and conteincth ink,as Galen faith,a certaine force to procure Juft. ft The temperature an& vertues . The feede of this wilde Carrot 3 and likewife the roote is hot and drie in the feconde degree, and doth withail open. The roote boiled and cateo 3 or boiled with winc,and the deco&ion drimke 3 prouoketh vrinc, ex- pellcth theftone,bringcth foorth the birth; it alfo procureth bodily luff. The feeds drunkc bringeth downc the defired ficknes 3 it is good for them that can hardly make water 3 itbrcaketh and diflolucth windc 3 itremedicth the dropfie 5 it cureth the colicke and ftonc 3 bc- lng«drunke in wine. It is alfo good for the paffions of the mother 3 and helpeth conception: it is good again# the by- tings of all mancr ofvenemous beads: it is reported faith Dicjcondcs that filch ashauefirft taken ©fit are not hurt by them. Of Qandie Carrots . Cbap,yj%» Dtuc us Cretenjts vents* Candic Carrots. ft ThccLeJcriptim . T His kinde of Daunts feemeth to be parta¬ ker both in name Sc nature with the herbe , called Caucalis , that is termed in Greckc fsoKxcLtov, which name is taken from the refem- blance of the feed in the tuft, which rcDrefentcth J K (as it were) the Scales ofbrannc : this baucut Cretenfis , being the true Daucus'oi' Diojcortdes, doth not grow in Candle only 3 but is found vpon the mountaines of Germanic, and vpon the hils and rocks of lura about Geneua 3 from whence it hath bccne fent Sc conueied by one friendly Her- bariffvntoanother, intofundrieregions:it bea- rerh leaues which are fmall and very finely iag- gcd 3 refembling either Fennell or wijde Carrot: among which rifoth vpaflalke of acubitehigb, hailing at the top white fpokic tufts, and the flo¬ wers of Dill, which being paft there come great plentie of long feede, wellfinelling, notvnlike the feede of Cumin, fane that it is whitifh, with a certaine moflincs, and a fharpe tafle, and is in greater vfe, then any part of theplant. The roote alfo is right good in medicine, being leflcr then the roote of a Parfnep,but hotter in tafte, and of a fragrant finell. Pern hath fet foorth another Daucus creticus , vnder this title Daucus crctenjis Puchsij, offering wrong vnto om Meum, which groweth plentifully in the north parts of England, where they call it Baldmonie,which dothfomc- what refemble Dauens } yet he might haue thought vpon this rule, Nullum jimileejl idem. ft The time. They flower in lime and Iuly,his feede is ripe in Augufl. ft The names. There is fufficient fpokm in the defoription as touching the names. ftTfo 7S HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ The nature. -Theft plants arc temperate in heatc and drinefft 3 efpeciaiiy the feede of Daucus Crettcm 3 \vhkh is hot and drie in the thirdc degree : butthe feede of the wilde Carrots hot and dry in the fecondd degree. # Thevertues. The feede of Vaucus drunken is good againft the ftrangurie 3 and painfull making of water, it pre-: A, naileth againft the grauell and ftone,aod prouoketh vrine. It affwageth the torments and gripings of the bellie^diflolueth windirfes,cureth the colicke^and B ripeneth an old cough. The fame taken in wine,is very good againft the bitings of beafts 3 and expeUeth poifon. C The (cede of Dane us C ret if us is of great efficacie and vertue 3 being put into Treacle 3 Mithridate 3 D or any antidotes,againft poifon or peftilence. The roote thereof drunke in wine ftoppeth thelaske 3 and is alfo a foueraigne remedie againft E venome and poifon. Of flin\tnganddeadly Carrots. Chap.^ y I Tha pfia la tifolia Clusij. Stinking Carrots. 2 T hap fix vulgaris. Deadly Carrots. & The definition. } § reat ftinking Carrot hath very great leaues,fpred abroad like wings 3 reftmbIingthoft ^ of Fennel gyant (wherof fom haue take it to be a kind,but vnproperly)of a bright g: een co- lour jfomwhat hairie ; among which riftth vp a ftaik of the height of two cubites, $1 of the bignes of a mans finger,ho!Iow 3 and full of a fpoongious pith; whereupon are fet at certaine ioinres, leaues like thofe next the ground^ but fmailer. The flowers are yellow 3 (landing at the top of the ftalkes 2 7 $ THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ftalkes in fpokic rundles,like thofc of Dill; after which commeth the feede flat and broad like thole of the Parfhcp, but much greater and broader. The roote is thteke, garniflhed at the top with ccr- taine capillaments or hairie threds 5 blacke without, white within,full of milkie iuice, of a moil bit¬ ter,fharpe, and Iothfome tafle and fmell, in fo much that if a man do ftande where the winde doth biowc from the plant, the aire doth exulcerate and blifler the face, and eucry other bare or naked .place that may be fubiedl to his venemous blafls,and poilonous qualitie. 2 The common deadly Carrot is like vnto the precedent, fauing that he doth moreneerely rc- fcmble the ftalkes and leaues of the garden Carrot, and is not garnifhed with the like bufh of hairc about the top of the ftalkes: otherwile in feede,roote,and euill fmell,tafle and qualitie like. 3 Thapfia temifolia. Small or thin leafed (linking Carrot. ft The defienption. 3 This fmall kinde of (linking or deadly Carrot is like vnto the laft deferibed in each relpedt, fa¬ uing that the leaues are thinner & more finely min¬ ced or iaggedjwherin confifteth the difference. ft The place. Thcfe pernicious plants delight in flonie hits and mountaines: they are ftrangers in England. ft The time. They flower in Augufl or (omewhac after. ft The names. The French Phifidons hauc accepted the roote of Thapfia for a kinde of Turbith, calling it Turpt • turn Cineritium , notwithftanding vpon better con- (ideration they haue left the vfe thereof, efpccially guts and bellie, with conuulfions and crampes, ne- ucrtheleffc the venemous qualitie may be taken away with thofe corre&iues, which arc vfed in mi¬ tigating the extreme heateand virulent qualitie of Sarcocolla, Hammoniacum 3 and Turpetum, but where there be fo many wholefome fimples, and likewife compounds,they are not to be vfed. Of feme it is called Turpetum Grifiumfiis called Thapfia^s fome thinke of theiland Thapflis,where itwasfirflfoundjor as we dceme,ofthelikene(Icic hath with Carrots. Of the people of Sicilia and Apulia it is called Fcrulxcofo, where it doth growe in greatabun- dance. ft The tempera ture and vertues. The temperature and faculties in working hauc beene touched in the de(cription,and likewife in the names. Of Fennell, (fhap.yyq.. ft The defiription. He firfi kinde of Fennell called in Lzt'me Farm culum, in Greekc^C*^, is fo well known amongft vs,that it were but loll labour to delcribe the fame. 2 The fecond kinde of Fennell is likewife well knowne by the name of fvveetc Fennel^ fo called bicaufethefecdes thereof arc in taflc fweetelike vnto Annife feeds, refembling the com¬ mon Fennell,fauing that the leaues are larger and fatter, or more oileotis: the feede greater and whiter,and the whole plant in each refped greater. t Fatnitulum I Fcenicutum vulgare. Common Fennell. HISTORIE OF P'LANTS. 2 Faniculum dulce. Sweete Fennell. 877 Thefeherbcs ait fef^ftdfd^ert in gardens f'bat the feeofide doth not pro/pcr well in this conn- trey,for being fo wen of good and pcrfedt feede,yet in t|ie^fe^nd-yee re after his /owing it will dege¬ nerate from the rMHtkinde.and become common Fennely ' ; ■ ‘ :hr he time.\ ' ' - an They flowcriii Iune.and Inland the feede ii ripe in the endof Auguft. ' J 3 I10T3H2 1 The names. Fennell is caJledHvGreeke.^'^^^ •• in Latine Mar at hr um, yoAFceniculfim : in high Dutch CtlC 6 * feCti firi lowe Dutch (HcitCKCil* in Italian Finocchk : in Spanifh Hmoio : in French Fenoil: in Engli/h Fennell,and Fenckell. ?..* The nature. The feede of Fennell is hot and drie in the" thirde degree. •& 7 he vertues. The powder of the feede of Fennell, drunkc for certaine daics togither fading 5 preferueth the A cic{ight 3 wherebf was written this diftichon following, F ceniculus^Rofia^ verbena , C he It don:a, R uta y Ex his fit aqua qua lumina reddit acuta. Of Fennel,Ro/es,Verueine,Rueand Celandine, Is made a water good to cleere the fight of eyne. The greene Jeaues of Fennell eaten, or the feede drunken made into a Pci/ane, filleth womens B brefts with mlike. The decodtion of Fennell drunkc, eafeth the paincs of the kidncics, caufeth one to auoide the C ftohe,and prouoketh vrine. The rootes are as etfc£hiall,and not onely good for the intents aforefaid,but againft the dropfic D alfo,beingboiled in wine and drunken. Fcnt.eil 878 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE E Fennell feede drunke,aflwageth the painc of the ftomacke, and wambling of the fame , ordefire to vomite,and breaketh winde. ) p The herbe 3 feede ; and roote of Fenncll 3 are very good for the Iungs,thc Iiuer,and the kidneies 3 for it openeth the obftru&ions or ftoppings of the fame 3 and comforteth the inward parts. q The feede and herbe of fweete Fennell 3 is equall in vertues with Annife feede. Of Till. Qbap.tyf* , \ V' 1 lAnetum. Dill. it the defeription. D ill hath a little ftalkof acubite high, round and iointed; whereupon dogrowe leaues very finelie cutte 3 like to thole of Fennell, but much fmaller: the flowers be little and yel- lowe, ftanding in a fpokie tuft or rundle: the feede is round, flat, and thinne : the whole plant is of a ftrongfmell: the roote is threddie, it The place. It is fowen in gardens 3 and is alfo fbmetimes found wilde. it Thetime. Itbringeth foorth flowers and feede in Auguft. it The names. Dill is called in Greekc«W)oi': in Latine likewife x^Anethum, and Anetum : in high Dutch iDpIlftt ♦ in lowe Dutch IDUIe ♦ in Italian o inetho : in Spa- nidi Eneldo : in French ^nett.'m Englifh Dill and Anet. it the temperature. Dill, as Galen faith, isnot iii the ende of the fe» condc degree, and dry in the beginning of the fame 3 or in the end of the firft degree. it The vertues. The deco&ion of the tops of Dill dried, and likewife of the feede being drunke 3 ingendereth milke in the brefts of nurfes , alaieth gripings and windinefTe 3 prouokethvrinc,increafethfeede 3 ftaieththeyeox 3 hicket^ or hicquet, as Diofcoridet teacheth. jg The feede likewife if it be finelled vnto, ftaieth the hicket, efpecially being boiled in wine, but chiefely if it be boiled in Wormewood wine 3 or wine and a fewe branches of Wormwood, and reel Rcfe Ieaues 3 and the ftomacke bathed therewith. C Galen faith,that being burnt and laid vpon moift vlcers, it cureth them, efpecially thofe in the fecret parts: and likewife thofe fub Praputio, though they be old and of long continuance. D Common oile,in which Dill is boiled or funned, as we do oile of Rofes, doth digeft, mitigate paine,procure fteepe,and bringeth rawe and vnconco&cd humours toperfect: digeftion 3 and pro- uoketh carnallluft. E Dill is of great force and efficacie againft the fiiffocation or ftrangling of the mother, if the wo¬ man do receiue the fume thereof being boiled in wine, andputvnder a clofe ftoole or hollowc feat fit for the purpofe. Of HIST OR IE OF PLANTS* ?7 » Of Car tm ales. Chap. yj>6. Cat tint,fine Careum. Caruwaies. c •k The description* Aruwaics hath an hollowc ftalke foiver Iquare, of two cubits high, full of knots or ioints; from which proccede fundrie other fmall brannehes , let full of leaues verie finely cut or iagged, like vnto thofe of Carrots or Dill; at the top oftheftalkes grow fpokie white tufts like thofe of Dill; afteE which commeth the feede,fharpe in eating,yet of a pleafant tafte: the roote is like that of Parfley,often white 3 feldome yelIowe,and in tafte like vnto the Carrot. k The place. It groweth almoft euery where in Germanic S? in Bohemia, in fat and fruitfull fieldes,and in me- dowes that are now and then ouerrunne with wa~ ter: it groweth alfo in Caria,as Diojcorides (hew* eth,from whence it tooke his name. C The time. Itflowrethand feedcch from Maie euen vnto Aug uft. •k The names. It is called in Greeke • in Latin Cartim, and Careuw: in.(hops Carat. Simeon Z(thy calleth it Carnabadidn : in high Dutch Bp HI, & J&PtfttttCl t in low Dutch C at UP fact: in French du Caruy: in Italian Caro :in Spanifh Carattea, & an article being ioined vnto it ^Alkarauea: inEnglifhCaru* waie,and the feede is called Caruvvaie feede. k The temperature. The feede of Caruwaies(as Galen faith)is hot and drie in the thirde degree,and hath a moderate biting qualitie. , ' k The vertues. Itconftimeth winde,itisdeIighfulItotheftomackeandtafte, ithelpethconco&ion, prouoketh A vrine, and is mixed with counterpoifons: the roote may befoddenandeatenasthe Parfnep or Carrot is. The feedesconfe&ed or made with fugar into Comfits, are very good for the ftomacke, theyB helpe di^eftion,prouoke vrine,aflwage and diftolue all windines; to conclude in a wordc 3 they arc anfwerable to Anile feede in operation and vertues. Of(tAnife. Cbap.ypj, it The description. He ftalke of Anife is rounde and hollowc,diuided into diuers frnall branches, let with leaues next the ground lorn what broad and rounde; thofe that growe higher are more lagged, like thole of yoong Parfley,but whiter;on the top of the ftalkes doftande fpokie rundles or tufts )fwhice flowers 3 and afterward feede,which hath a pleafant tafte as all do knowe. j Anifttm . THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Anijitw. Amfe. it The place. It groweth plentifully in Candie, Syria, Egypt, and other countries of the caft:I haue often lowen it in my garden, where it hath brought foorth his ripefeede, when theyeere hath fallen out to be temperate.. it The time. It is to be lowen in thefe colde regions in the moneth of Maie,the feede is ripe in Auguft. • it The haves. It is called in Latine c_ Anifum: in Greel<c*ww: in high Dutch StuC^T X in lowe Dutch ^UtJTact X in Italian Anifo: in Spanifh CMataha'm :in French \^inis :in Englifh Anife,and Annife feede. it! he temperature. G.xlen writeth, that the feede of Anife is hot and dry in the third degree,after others it is hot in the lecond degree, and much leffe then drie in the fecond degree 5 for it ingendreth’milke, which it collide not do if it were very drie, as Ga/en in his Chapter of Fenell doth whether hee will or no declare and teftifie; in that it doth ingender milk, his opinion is,that it is nothotaboue the fiift de¬ gree,which thing alfo may be in Anife feede, both by this reafonandallbbicauleitisfweete: there¬ fore to conclude, Anile feede is drie in the firft degree,and hot in the fccond. i The Tjertues. The feede wafferh and confumeth winde j'and is good againfl belchings and vpbraidingsof the ftomacke, alaieth griping? of the belly, prouoketh vnne gently, maketh abuncjanccof milke. and ftirreth vp bodily luft: it llaieth the laske,and alfo the white fiuxc in women. B Being chewed it maketh the breath fweete, and is good for them that are fhort winded, and quencheth third,and therefore it is fit for fuch as haue the dropfie:it helpeth the yeoxing or hicker, } both when it is drunken or eaten drie: the Imell thereof doth alfo preuaile very much. C The lame being dried by the fire and taken with honie, clenfeth the bred from flegmatike fuper- fluides,and ifit be eaten with bitter almonds,it doth helpe the old cough. D Ins to be giuenvntoyoong children and infants to eate which are like to haue the falling fick- ^ ncs,or fuch as haue it bypatrimonie,or fiicceflion. E It taketh away the Iquinancie.or quinciefthat is,a fwelling in the throte) being gargled with ho. nie,vineger,and a little Hyoflpe gently boiled togither. Oj 2 >ijbops Vveedejoerbe Wiliam jr meos . 398 . it The kinoes. np He later age hath obferued two kindcs of Ameos, one greater with the broadeleafe, which is ■*- the common Ameos,and the other the IefTer,wich the fmallerleaues,and alfo another fort be¬ ing a dwarfe or lowe plant of the fame kinde. I Ammi HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 881 I Ammi vulgare. Common Bifhops weede. 2 Ammi C ret i cum. Candie Bifhops weede. # The deferiftion. T He common Ameos, efpccially with vs heere in England,hath round greene folks, with diners boughes and branches, and large and Jong Ieaues, dmided into diners other nar- v l- A rowe 3 on &> at ^d imall Ieaues dented or fnipt about the edges, andatthetoo of thefhlke 'toe anlthredir' Wh ‘ Ch bn ' 1S f ° 0 " h 3 Me and bi[tct f“de ■ the roote is 'n This excellent and aromaticall Ameos of Candie, hath tufts and Ieaues like Humeral,* C1C w'‘n" Clr ° r ’ ° f 3 y ellowcolour > and hot feede like Ongmum, of an ex’ •om f?™ j , a c° Ur 3nd fl Tt ’ &OWn P m tutts or f P okie rtm dles like Crum: it hath been brought | Candy and Syria vnro Venice,and from Venice into Fraunce,Flaunc!ers, and England where c haue often fowen it; but without doubt we haue beene beguiled therein,by the deceitful! drur- iters,who haue firft boned it, or vfed fome other falfe and deceitfull deuife,to brine ereater ad s!lTngre™ent the “ ^ confeaion w hcteof,this feedeis a chiefe and,noil princi- Thctets another kinde of Ameos, which is an hetbe very fmall and tender, hauing ftaResa ."^ nd , a halfc j’' sh u Vcry fma " and tender,befet with Ieaues like vnto Dil,finely iaerafand fom htflender, and at the top of the (talks little tuftes or fpok.e white rundles, vvhLff ferCi do ■ 1=into (mail gray feede,hot and iharpe in tafte: die roote is finall and ilender. T t ~ 'kThepface . ipken in^hcTefcrfd!^ “ ^ ^^CreUcnm, whereof hath beene diffidently T » >, &T he time. ney flower m Iune and Iuly,and ycelde their feede in th e end of Auguft, x, $5 .Thg ' 88* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •^The names. The Grecians call it ««f«, the Latines alfo Amm.-diuers call it Cuminum AEthiopicttm others Cu mintm Regium , or Comin Royall: in fhops Ammiospx Ameos in the Genitiue cafe: the Germaine ZiVXp X in Englifh Ameos ,or Ammi,offome herbe William,Bulwoort 3 andBiiliops weede. Q The temperature. The feede of Ameos is hot and dric in the latter end of the thirde degree, ft The verities. A It auaileth againft gripings of the bellie in makingof vrine, thebitingsof ferpents'takenii wine, and alfo it bringeth downe the flowers: being applied with honie it taketh away black and blewe fpots which come of ftripes: the feede of Stfon doth alfo the like :for it is hot an< drie and chat in the thirde degree; likevvife of thin parts, prouoking viinc, and bringing downe thi defired ficknes. B The feede of Ameos is good to be drunken ill wine, againft the biting of all maner of venemou: beafts,and hath power againft al maner of poifon and peftiientfeauers, or plague,and is vfed in th< correcting of Cantliarides,whereby thofe flies are made medicinable to be receiued into the boch without danger. C Ameos braied and mingled with hony feattereth congealed blond,and putteth away blacke anc blewe markes which come by ftripes or fals,if it be applied thereto in maner of a plaifter. Of QberuilL Chappy*? HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 88 ft The defer ipt ion. j He leaues of Cheruill are (lender, and diuerily cut, fomething hairie, of a whitifh greene; 1 theftalkes be fhort,(lender, round and hollow within, which at the firft togither with the A leaues are of a whitifh greene, but tending to a red when the teedes be ripe : the flowers be white,and growe vpon fcatteredtuftes. The feede is Iong 3 narrow,(knder,fnarpe pointed: the roote is full of firings. 2 Great Cheruili hath large leaues,deepely cut or iagged,in fhew very like vnto Hemlocks, of a very good and pleafant frnell and tafte like vnto Cheruill, and fomething hairie, which hath canted vs to call itfweete Cheruill. Among thete leaues rifethvp a flalke fomewhat crefted or furrowed, of the height of two cubites; at the top whereof growe fpokie tuftes or rundles with white flowers, which do turneinto long,browne and fhining feede,one feede being as big as fower Fennell feeds, which being greene, do tafte like Annis feede. The roote is great, thicke and long, as big as Enula Campana,exceeding fweete infmell,and tafting like vnto Annis teedes. ft 7 he place. The common Cheruill groweth in gardens with other pot herbes: it profpereth in a ground that is dunged and fomething moift. The great (weete Cheruill groweth in my garden,and in the gar¬ dens of other men,who haue becne diligent in thefe matters. ft The time. Thefeherbcs do flower in May,and their feed is ripe in luly. ft The names. Cheruill is commonly called in Latine Cere folium , and as diners affirme Cerofolium, with o in the 'econd fyllable. Columella nameth it charephyllum , and it is thought to be fo called bicatife it dc- ighteth to growe with many leaues v ; or rather in that it caufethioy and gladneffe: in high Dutch OUt: in Lowe Dutch f&cttlCif X in Italian Cerefoglio: in French Du Cerfueil: in Englifh Cherucll 5 and Cheruill. Myrrhti is alfo called Myrrha , taken from his pleafant fauour of Myrrhe: of fome Coni la, as it is found noted among the baftard names. Of this Phnie maketh mention in his 24.booke id.chapter, where he reporteth that it is called Smyrrh/za ; in Englifh great Cheruill,and Sweete Cheruill. ft The temperature and vertues . ‘ Cheruill is held to be one of the pot herbes 3 it is pleafant to the teomacke and tafte 5 itisof a A temperate heate,and moderate dry nefte,but nothing fo much as the Farfleies. It prouoketh vrine, efpecially being boiled in wine, and applied hot to the fhare or nethermoft B part of the belly ,and the wine drunke in which it was boiled. It hath in it a certaine windineffe,bv meanes whereofit procureth luft. It is vted very much among the Dutch people in akinde of Ioblcllie or hotch potch, which they do eate, called Warmus. rhe leaues of (weete Cheruill are exceeding good,hoI(bme, and pleafant among other fallade E herbes, giuing the tafte of Anite feede vnto the reft. The roote,as G*/ efi writeth,is hot in the tecond deeree.and hath ioined with it a thinnefle of fub- F (lance. . v ° Z>^yro)r/Wifjteachcth,thatthcroote being drunke in wine, is a remedy againft the hirings of the G venemous fpiders called in Latine phalangia, and thatit bringeth down the menfes & fecondines: and being boiled and drunke,it is good for fuch as haue the ptifteke or cOnfumption of the lungs. Tlie teedes eaten as a fallade whileft they are yet greene,with oile, vinegcr, and pepper, exceeds H all other fallads by many degrees,both inpleafantnesoftafte,fweetenefle offmel!,aiid holfomncile for the cold and feeble ftomacke. Therootes arelikewi(emoftexcelIentina(allade,iftheybeboiIed,andafterdre(Ied,asthecun-1 rung Cooke knoweth how better then my telfe;notwithftanding I do vfe to eate them with oile and vineger,being firft boiled,which is very good for old people that are dull and without courage, itieioiceth and comforteth the hart^and iricreateth their luft and ftrength. Kkk 2 Of un THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Shepheard t Jfecdle, ormlde Cheruill. Chap.^oo. Petten Venerisfue Scandix. Shepheards Needle,or Venus combe. k The description. . S Candix, or Petten Veneris doth not much dif¬ fer in the quantitie of the ftalkes, leaues and flowers from Cheruill, but Scandix hath no fuchpleafantlmell as Cheruill hath: the leaues be greater,more finely cut,and of a browne green colour: the flowers grow at the top of the ftalkes in fmall white tufts, after which come vppe long feedes, very like vnto packneedles, orderliefet one by another like the great teeth of a combe, whereof it tooke the name PeEten Veneris, Venus Combe, or Venus Needle: the roote is white, a finger jong. k The place. i It groweth in moft come fieldes of England, efpecially among wheate and barly. k The time. It flowreth in Maie, the feede is ripe in Auguft with come. k The names. The LatinescallitSc^/.v, hailing borowed that name of the Grecians, who call it we finde among the baftard words that the Romains did name it Scxnaria , and c. Acula. ,of the feede that is like vnto a needle \Ruellius defenbeth ic vnder the name Peclcn Veneris , of others t^dcus Veneris , and ^dcu* Pafloris, or Shepheards Nee- dle,wildc Cheruill, Mock-Cheruill, and Ladies Combe: in high Dutch Ikfltttt f t this !s faith Pliny in his 2 2.booke 2 2.chaptcr,that herbe which dnjlephanes obie&ed in fport to the Poet Euripides, that his mother was woont to fell not any right potheibe but scandix pot Shepheardes needle: meaning as I take it V/Jhaga,wherewith the Spaniards do picke their teeth when they Tiauc eaten no meat at all,except a few Orenges or luch alike trifle,cailed alio Scandix. k 7 he temperature. Shepheards Needle, as Galen faith,is a potherbe fbmewhat binding,and bitter in tafte, info- much that it is hot anddrie,either in the latter ende of the fecond degree, or in the beginning of the thirde. t kThe vertices. Diojcorides faith,that it is eaten both raw and boiled,and that it is an holfome potherb among the Greekcs, but in thele daies it is of fmall cflimation or value, and taken but for a wildc woort, as appeereth by y^rtnfiophanes taunting of Euripides , as afoiefaid. g The decodlion thereof is good for the bladder, kidneies andliuerjbutasl decine, he meat Cheruill,when he fet the fame downe to be vied in Phificke. Of Toothpick,e QheruilL Chap. z|.oi. kThe defer iption. Hcfirftof thefe Toothpicke Cheruils beareth leaues like wildeTurneps, arOtmd fta <(■ furrowed,-ic.>inted,blackifh and hairie, diuidedinto many branches; on the tops whereol growe Ipokie tuftes, belet round about with many fmall leaues. I he flowers thereof au HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. £85 whitiftjaftercommeththefeede, which being once ripe doclufter and are drawen togithcr, in a round thicke tuft like a fmall birdes neft, as be thole of the wilde Carrot, which feedes who lb tou- cheth, they will cleaue and fticketo his fingers , byreafonof the glutinous or flimie matter they are poftefted with.The roote is fmall and whitifh,bitter in tafte, as is all the reft of the plant. 2 The Spanifh Toothpicke hath leaues, flowers, and knebbie ftalkeshke vr.to wilde Carrots, failing that the leaues are fomewhat finer 5 cut or iaggec! thicker,and tenderer; but not rough or hai- rieatall,as is the former :of abittertafte,and a reafonable good fmell: among which rile vp bufh;e roundles or Ipokietuftcs, like thofeof the wilde Carrot or Birdes neft, clofelv drawen togither when the feed is ripe ;at what time alfo the fharpe needles,wliich are the feed vdlels,arc hardened, fit to make Toothpicks,and fuch like ,for which purpole they do very fitly ferue. I Gingidiwn Utifolium. 2 GmgidiumHiJpanicuni. Btoade Toothpicke Cheruill. Spanifh Toothpicke Cheruill. The place. Both ofthem dogrowe in Syria,and moft commonly in Cilicia: the later is to be found likewife inSpaine almoft euery where; and I haue it likewife in my garden in great plenty. . The time. They flower in my garden about Auguft,and deliuer their feede in O&cber. & The names. That which the Grecians call yyfiAw, the Latines do likewife name Gingidium: and it is Called hi SymLfpidium^ yetis there another Lepidztim , of which we will intreate hereafter. It is reported among the baftard names to be called by the Romanes Btfacutum , of which name feme fhew re- maineth among the Syrians, who commonly call the later Gingidium Vi(na<iA : this is named in Englifli Toothpicke Cheruill. •frThc tempera ttire and vertues. There is, faith Galen , great increale of Gingidium in Syria, and it is eaten no otherwife than is A Shepheards needle of Troy with vs,making a difference between Cerefolium, which is called of fome Shepheardsneedle,and Gingidium is calledToothpicke Cheruill. Itis,faithhe,very whole- Kkk i '• fome - • * i . , 886 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE fomefortheftomacke, whether it be eaten rawe or boiled; notwithftandingit is euidentthatitis a medicine rather than a nourifhment. As it is bitter and binding, (o is it likewife of a temperate heate and drynefle.The heate is not very apparant, but it is found to be drie in the latter end of the fccond degree, as alfo the faid author alledgeth in his difeourfeof the faculties offimple medicines. B Diofcortdes doth alfo write the (ame: This potherbe,faith he,is eaten rawe,fodden,and preferued with great good to the ftomacke,it prouoketh vrine: and the decoction therof made with wine and drunke, is profitable to fcowre the bladder, prouoketh vrine, and is good againft the grauell and (tone. C The hard quils whereon thefeedcs did growe, are good to clenfe the teeth and gums, and doe eafily take away all filth and baggage flicking in them, without any hurt vnto the gums, as follow- eth after many other Toothpicks,and leaueth a good fent or fauour in the mouth. Of A 4 e defy c etc >or Queeneof the medovoes . Chap.q. oz. Regina prati. Quee ne of the me dowe. ft 7 he defer ipt ion. T His herbe hath leaues likethofeof Agri- :nonie,confi(tingof diners leaues fet vpon a middle rib, like thole of the A^fhc tree, cuerie fmail leafe (lightly fiiipt about the edges, white on the inner fide, and on the vpper fide crumpled or wrinkled like thofe of the Elnic tree, whereof it tooke the name Vlmaria> of the fimilitudeor likenefie that the leaues haue with the Elme leaues. Thefhlke is three or fower foote high, rough and very fragile, or eafie to breakc, of a reddifh purple colour ; on the top whereof are very many little flowers, cluftering and growing togither, of a white colour tending to yeilownefie, and of a pleafant fweet frnell, as a:e the leaues likewife : after which come the (eedes,(mall, crookedly turning or winding one with another, made into a fine little head. The roote hath a fweete frnell, fpreading far abroad, blacke without, & of a darkifh red colour within. ft The place. Itmoweth in the brinkes of wateric ditches and riuersfides, and alfo in medowes : itliketh waterie and moift places, and groweth almoft cuerie where. ft The time. It flowreth and flourifheth in Iune, Iuly, and Auguft. ft The names. It is called of the later age Reginaprati, and Barba Caprip^ fom e Vlmaria , afoliaritm VImifmihtu- dine, taken from the likenefie it hath with the Elmetree leafe: in high Dutch ^Clf5lJ8tt+ It is cal¬ led Barba Hint, which name belongeth to the plant which the Grecians do call TragopogonpiAn- 'Tuillara,Potentillamaiora. It hath fome likenefie with Rhodora Plinij, but yet we cannot affirmeirto be the fame. It is called in lowc Dutch j&dfnette t in French Bar be de cheure , Reins des praiz: in EnglifhMaidefwcete, Medow fweete, and Queene of the medowes. Camcrarim of Noremberg faith it is called of the Germancs his countrimen, clcHIUCtllC bicaufethe rootes, faith he, feeme to be eaten with wormes. I ratherfuppofe they call it fo, bicaulethe ancienrhackneymen, andhorfe leaches, doe giue the deco&ion thereof to their horfes andafies, againftthe botsand wormes/or the which it is greatly commended, ft The HtSToRIE OF PLANTS. 8S7 ii The temperature. Medefweete is cold and drie,with an euident binding qualitic adioined, ie The vertues. The roote boiled^or made into powder and drunke, Tielpcth the bloodie flixe 3 ftaieth the liske, A and all other fluxes of blood in man or woman. In is reported, that the flowers boiled in wine and drunke, do take away the fits ofa quartaine B ague,and maketh the hart merrie. The leaues and flowers far excell all other ft rowing herbes, for to decke vp houfes, to ftrowe in C chambers 5 hals, and banketdng houlcs in the fommer time 5 forthefmell thereof maketh the hart merrie, delightetiithe fenfes : neither doth it caule headachy or lothlomnefietomeate, asfome other fweete linelling herbes do. The diftilled water of the flowers dropped into the eies, taketh away the burning and itching D thereo£>and cleereth the fight* Of TSurnet Saxifrage . Chap 40^ I Pimpinella Saxifr/t?a. 2 Bipinella, fiue Saxifrara minor. it The defeript hit. ~ ■ . , p. .va 1 *"T H His great kindc of Pimpinclfior rather Saxifrage, hath great and Iongrootes, fafhioned like a Parfhep,ofan hot and biting tafte like Ginger:from which rifeth vp an hollow ftalke with ioints and knees,two cubits high,bel'ec with Iatgfc le'aties, which do more neerely re- prefent Smallage then Pimperneil, or rather the garden Parlnep. This plant confifleth of many final! leaues growing vpon one ftemme,fnipt gr efented about the edges like a laws : the flowers do grow 2t the top of the' if alks in white round tuftq the feede is like the common Parfley, fauing that Hiisihpwer and biting y.pon the toong. r ;iv. . r > ->d . ’ T: 2 BipinelU is likevvile_a kinde of Burnet^or Pimpinell^vpon wHkfh Pena hath bdfowed this additi- • •■'f o " Kkk 4 on m THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE on Saxifraga minor,vndcx which name Saxifragia are comprehended diuers herbes of diners kinds, and the one very vnlikevnto the other: for fomeof thofe herbes called Saxifrage, do no more agree with the Saxifrages of Dicfcorides, then in fhewe like vnto the diureticall herbes called Ruf cut Po'ygonatim,zx\d Affaragus: but that kinae of Saxifrage which is called Htrcina, which is rough or hairie Saxifrage,of others Bipinella’\s bed knowne,and the bed of all the red, like vnto the frnall Burnet,or common Parfley, failing that it is voide ofhaires,as may appeere by the old Latin verfe; Pimpinella hafetpihs, Saxifraga non bahet vllos. Pinipinell hath haires fome: but Saxifrage hath none. Notwithdanding,I haue founde a kinde heereof growing in our padures adioining to London, the leaues whereof if you take and tenderly breake with your hands,yee may draw foorth frnall threds like the webbe of a fpider,fuch as yee may draw from the leaues of Scabious. I he dalke is hollow, diuidingitfelfefromtheiointsorknees, into fundrie other frnall branches; at the top whereof do grow dnall tufts or fpokie rundles,of a white colour,after which commeth the feed like vnto Carui , or Caruwaies,of a fharpe tade: the rootc is alfo fharpe and hot in tade. it 7 he place . Thefc plants do grow in dry padures and medowes,in this countrcy very plentifully. The time. They flower from Iune to the end of Augud. The names. That which Fuchfusc alleth Pimpinella rna ; or, Dodonaus termeth Saxifragia maior , which kinde of Saxifrage doth more abfolutelv anfwer the true PhelUndrium of Phnie , then any other plant whatfoeuer : wherein the Phifitions of Paris haue beene deceiued , calling or fuppofing the mc- dow Rue to be the right Phellandrium, whereuntoitis notlike either in fhapeorfacultic : for it is nothing fo effe&ual in breaking the done,or prouoking ofvrine,as either of thefe plants,efpecially Hirciniayvhich is not fo called bicaufe it hath any rammifh fmell of a goate,but bicaufe pra&icio- ners haue vfed to feed goates with it,whofe flefh & bloud is lingular good againd the done*,but we rather take it to be named Hircina, of Hininia (ylua, where it doth grow in great abundance, the la- uour of the herbe not being vnpleafant,fbmwhatrefembling the lincll & rade of D*ucut,Liguftruw, & Pajlinaca:(b to conclude both thefe are called Saxifragia : the fmaller is called of fome petrfrn- dulaJBipwellafa. Bipenula: of BaptiHa Sardut,and alfo of Leonardus F uchfius,Pimpinellamaior ; wher- fore diuers cal it Pimpinella Saxifraga: for there is alfb another Pimpinella^ called Pimpinella Sangui- forha, or Burnet,notwithdanding the verfe before rehearled, fheweth a difference betweene Pim¬ pinella, and Saxifraga: in high Dutch it is called fin lowe Dutch 2 l 3 CUUt 9 £Xt ♦ in En- glifh the greater may be called great Saxifrage, and the other finall Saxifrage. BipincUx is called Saxifragia minor , in Englifh frnall Saxifrage,as Pimpinella is called great Saxi¬ frage. is! he nature. Saxifrage ofboth kindes,with their feede,leaues,and rootes are hot and drie in the third degree, and of thin and fubtile partes. # Thevertues. A The feede and roote of Saxifrage drunken with wine, or the decodfion thereof made with foine, caufeth to pide well, breaketh the done in the kidneies and bladder, and is lingular againd the drangurie,and the doppings of the kidneies and bladder: whereof it tooke the name Saxifragia, ot breake done. B The iuiceofthe leaues of Saxifrage doth clenfe and take away allfpots and freckles of the face, and leaueth a good colour. C The didillcd water thereof mingled with lome vineger in the didillation, ckereth the fight, and taketh away ail obfeuritie and darknede of the lame. Of "Burnet. Chap. a. 03. The kindes. B Vrnet doth differ from Pimpinella, which is alfo called Saxifraga , ofwhich we will intrd£t. One oftheBurnetsisIelfer, for the mod part growing in gardens, notwithdanding itgroweth in barren fieldes,whe re it is much fmaller: the other greatei^is altogither vvilde. 1 Pimpinella 88 9 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I PimpineUa Hortenjis. Garden Burnet. 2 Pirn pine IU fyluefris. Wilde Burnet. & The defeription. . . 1 Arden Burnet hath long leaues made vp togither of a great many vpon one ft *m , euerie I yOne whereofis fomethingrounde nicked on the edges, fomevvhat hairie: among thefe ri- feth a ftalke that is not altcgither without leaues, fomething chamfered: vpon the tops whereof growe little round heads or knaps, which bring foorth fmall flowers of abrowne purp'e colour,and after them cornered feedes, which are thruftvp togither. Iherooteis long: the whole plant doth fmell fomething like a Melon,or Cucumber. 2 Wilde Burnet is greater in all parts, it hath wider and bigger leaues then thofe of the former r the ftalke is longer, fometimes two cubits high :the knaps are greater, of a darke purple colour: the feede is hkewife cornered and greater: the roote longer,but this Bucnet hath no pleafant fmell at all. & The place. ThefrnallPimpinell is commonly planted in gardens,notwithftanding it doth grow wilde vpon many barren heathes and pafturcs. The great wilde Burnet groweth (as mafterZ,^ faith) in dry medowes about Viluordc, and my felfe hauefounde it growing vpon the fide of a cawfey which crofleth the one ha'feof a fielde, whereof the one part is earable groundc, and the other part medowe, lying betweene Paddington and LyflTon greene,neere vnto London,vpon the high way. & The time. 1 hev flower from Iune,vnto the end of Auguft. The names. The later Herbarifts do call By net P mpinella Sanguifirba, that it may differ from the other,and yet it is called by feuerall-names^, Sanguiforba, and Sangumaria : Hefner had rather it fhoulde be cal- led Peponellaoh\\z fmell of Melons or Pompions,towhich it is like as we haue (aide: ofothers it is named P imp ine Ha ,or Bipen nula pi moft. men Solbajbe/ld: in high Dutch £tofhfCdlitrilSt,f}Ct 'BartftrtjBlUthvaUt? megefftfaUUin French Pimpennelle^Sanguijorbe: in Englifh Burnet.lt agree- THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE tch cam altera, Diofeoridts Sidentide , that is to fay, with. Diofcor ides fecond Iron woort: the leafe(and especially that of the leftcrfort) which we hauc written to conflft of many nickesin the edges of the lcaues 3 and this may be the very fame which Pliny in his 24. booke chapter 17. repor¬ ted to be named in Perfla Ssf/tiepteris&cauic it made them merry; he alfo calleth the fame Proto- wicdui } 2x\& Cafgneteymd likewife Dionyfanymphas^ for that it doth marueiloufly agree with wine; to which alfo this PimpinelU (as we haue faide) dothgiue apleafantfent: neither is that repugnant which Pliny in another place hath written, De S identikits, of the Iron vvoorcs; for it often falleth out that he in treated of one and the felfefame plant in diuers places 3 vnder diuers names: which thing then hapneth fooner when the writers themfelues do not well know the plant , as that Plinie did not well know Sidentis or Ironwoort 3 it is eucn thereby manifeft,bicaufe he fetteth not downe his ovvne opinion heereof,but other mens. it The temperature. Burnetjbefides the drying and bindingfacultie that it hath, doth likewife meanly coole: and the lefier Burnet hath likewife withall a cerraine fuperficiall, flight 3 and temperate fent, which when it is put into the wine it doth leaue behinde it: this is not in the dry herbe, in the iuice , not in the de* co&ion. 4 Thevertues. A Burnet is a fingular good herbe for wounds (which thing Diofeorides doth attribute to his fecond Iron woort)and commended of a number: it ftancheth bleeding, and therefore it was named San- guiforha, as well inwardly taken as outwardly applied. B Either the iuice is giuen , or the decocftion cf the powder of the drie leaues of the herbe, being brufed,it is outwardly applied,or clfe put amongft other externall medicines. C It ftaieth the Iaske and bloudy flixe: it is alfo mod effeduall to flop the monthly courfe. D Theleffer Burnet is pleafant to be eaten in falhds,m which it is thought to make the hart merry and glad 3 as alfo being put into wine40 which it yeeldeth a certaine grace in the drinking. E The decodion of Pimpincll drunken,cureth the bloudie flixe, the /pitting of bloud 3 and al other fluxe of bloud in man or woman. F The herbe and feede made into powder 3 and drunke with wine 3 or water wherein iron hath been quenched doth the like. G The leaues of Pimpincll are verie good to heale woundcs 3 and are receiued in drinkes that are made for inivard wounds. H The leaues of Burnet fteeped in wine and drunken 3 doth comfort the hart,and makech it merric, and is good againft the trembling and fhaking thereof. & The deferip tton. I »_■« |_j£ s ki nc ? e 0 f Saxifrage our Englifh women Phifitions haue in great vfe 3 and is familiarly E knowne vnto them , vouchfafing that name vnto it of his vertues againft the ftone; it hath the leaues of Fennell 3 but thicker and broader,very like vnto sejelipraten f, Monfpe- lienfum, (which addition Pena hath beftowed vpon this our Englifh Saxifrage) among which rifeth vp a ftalke,ofa cubite high or more 3 bearing at the top fpokie rundles befet with white flowers: the roote is thicke.blacke without 3 and white vvithin,and of a good fauour. There is another Saxifrage, let foorth by Mathiolus ^ which he calleth Saxifraga maior , that groweth naturally on the dope cliflfesandrockesof the mountaine Baldest in Italy, neere vnto the citie Verona confiftingofa great number of/hiall twigs , fomewflat tough and woodie; whereon do growe little leaues like thofe of winter Sauorie, growing for the mod: part by couples, fet one againft another: the flowers grow at the top of the twigs, of a white colour 3 faftiioned like little cups, after which commeth /mail red feede; the roote thrufteth it felfe /o deepe into the clifts and cranneies of die roekes,that it is very hard to pluck them out, I Saxifraga HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8.91 I Sax if rag a LAhglicanafuSefeli praUnfi. Englifh Saxifrage. •ft The defeription. There is another Saxifrage altogither lefier then the former, wherofthedrie coaRs, chalkie hils, Ronie and barren groundes , which bring foorth Serpillum or wildeTime in England, doe yeelde a!fo great plentie; this ftnaller Saxifrage (which of VObelhiA is called Saxifraga anti quo- rumfft. the ancient Saxifrage,) hath many thicke branches fpreading vpon thegrounde, like^r- pi Hum or wildeTime, fet with the like leaues of wildeTime, butfomewhatleffer:among which come foorth (mail flowers of anherbie colour, after commeth a little red feed: the roote is (len¬ der and groweth deepe into the ground: of the firR ofthefe two laft deferibed, the Italians do make great account, calling it Lithontriua , a ha ft terens lapidem: in Englifh we may call it Rocke Breakeftone. ft The place. Saxifrage groweth in mod fields &medowes, eucry where throughout this our countrey of England. ft The time. It flowreth from the beginning ofMaie to the end of Auguft. ft The names. Saxifraga Anglic ana, is called in our mother toong Stone breake,or Englilh Saxifrage: Pena, and L'Obel call it by this name Sax/fraga Ah- glicant, for that it groweth more plentifully in England then in any other countrey. % The nature. Stone breake is hot and drie in the thirde degree. ft The vertices. Adecodtion made with the feedes and rootes of Saxifrage, breaketh the Rone in the bladder A andkidneics,helpeth theltrangurie,and caufeth one topilTe freely. The roote of Stonebreake boiled in wine,and the deco&ion drunken,bringeth downe womens B ficknes 5 expel]ech the fecondine and dead cbilde. The ioote dried and made into powder, and taken with fugar,comforteth and wartneth the Ro- C macke,helpeth digeftion,cureth the gnawings and griping paines of the belly. It helceth the colicke,and driueth away ventofities or windines. Our Englilh women vfe to put it in their running or rennet for cheefe, exfpecially in Chefhire (where I was borne)where the bed: cheefe of this lande is made. This great Saxifrage of Matkiolus defeription is eReemed mod fingular for curing of the Rone, F and voiding of graueli, being boiled in wine, and thedecodfion drunke: it alfocureth the ague, eafeth the Rrangurie,helpeth the difeafe Sintyiltutfit yeoxing: finally,whatfocuer may be expc&ed of any her be for the breaking of the Rone,the fame may be looked for in this plant. ( Of Siler mountaineer bajlarde Lounge. Qhap.^o6. T ft 7 he defeription. He naturall plants of Sefeli , being now better knowne then in times paR, efpecially among our Apothecaries,is called by them Siler montanum , and Sefeleos : this plant they haue retai¬ ned to very good purpofe and confideration; but the errour of the name hath caufcd diners ox ta o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE of our late writers to erre,and to fuppofe that Siler montanum, called in (hops Sefcleos> was no other than SefeliMafiilienfmm of Diofcorides . But this plant containeth in his fubflance much more acri. monie,fharpnefle,and efficacie in working,than any of the plants called Sejelios. It hath ftalkes like Ferula, two cubites high. The roote fmelleth like Ligutticum: the leaues are very much cut or diui- ded^Iike the leaues of Fennell or ScfeiiMajsilienfe, and broader than the leaues of Peucedamim. At the top of the (hikes growe fpokie tufts like Angelica, which bring foorth along andleafie feede like Cumine, of a pale colour'; in tafte Teeming as though it were condited with iugar, but withal! iomewhat fharpe 3 and (harper than Sefetipratenfe. Siler monta mm officinarim, Ballard Louage. # The defeription. There is a fccondkindeof Siler , which Pena, and L’Obel let foorth vnder the title of Sejeli pratenje Monfpellienfium, which Dodonxm in his lad edition calleth Siler prater fe alterum, that is in ihew very like the former. The (talks thereof growe ro the height of two cubits, but his leaues a re (bmewhat broader and blacker: there are not v - 5 o many leaues growing vpon the (talk, and they are lefle diuided than the former,and are oflittle fauour. The (cede is fmaller than the former,and Tailoring very little or nothing. The roote is blacke withouc,and white within,diuiding it Teifc into fundrie diuifions. k The place. It groweth of it felfe in Liguria, not far from Genua in the craggy mountaines,and in the gar¬ dens of diligent herbarifls. k The time. Thefe plants do flower from lunc to the ende of Auguft. k The names. It is called commonly Siler montanum: in French and Dutch by a corrupt name Ser-Mcn- tain: in diners fhops Sefeleos , but vntruly: for it is not Scfeli, nor akindethereof: in Englifh Siler mountaine after the Latinename 3 andbaftarde Louage. k The nature. This plant with his feede is hot and dry in the third degree. k 7 he vertues . ^ The (cedes of Stler drunke with Wormewood wine,or wine wherein Wormwood hath bccne fodden, mooueth womens difeafes in great abundance.- cureth the fuffocation and ftrangling of the matriXjand caufeth it to returne vnto the natural! place againe. g The roote (lamped with hony, and applied or put into old (bres,doth cure them and couer bare and naked bones with flefh. (2 Being dumke itprouoketh vrine,ea(eth the paines of the guts or cntraile.s proceeding ofcruditic or rawncfte,it helpeth conception,confumeth winde,and fwellingof the (lomacke. J) The roote hath the fame vertue or operation,but not (o eflePtuall,as not being (o hot and drie. Of Harts WPOort,or$efeii. (fhap./^ojo k 1 he kindss. « Y~\ Iojcoridesmdkzth three fortes of Sefeh, £//£// of Marfilcs, of Pc!oponnefus,and that of Aethio- ^ pia being a fhrubbie or hedge planr,whcrcf wc will intreate in the laft part of this our hiftorie. The later writers haue found more,as fhaii be (hewed in this preTent chapter. Sefeli HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 8pj Sefeli Peloponnefiacum. Harts woort of Peloponnefus. ^SHM* W'^' vV •k The description. S Efeliot Peloponnelus or of Greece, hath a thicke great roote, white within and blacke without,of the bignes ofa Parfnep,growing ftraigbt downe,and deepe in the ground like that of Ferula, ofa good fmeli and fharpe in tafte;from which rileth vp an vpright ftalke two cubits high; whereupon doth grow heere and there at certaine fpaces one great Ieafe ateuery ioint,con- lifting of many frnall iagged Ieaues let vpori a rough and hairie middle nb , very much curled, hairy ,& ful of wrinckles,greater then thofe Ieaues of Hemlocks*, at the top of the ftalke do ftande great tufts or fpokie rundles of yellowe flowers like thofe of Dill, after which followeth the feed fomewhat flat and broade, of a darke yellowe co¬ lour and pleafant fmeli, in fhape like thofe of Fe¬ rula,ox. the Parlncp feede. ic The place. It groweth in rough and waterifh mountaines, in diners places of Greece, Mo re a,and the mount Ida: it is a flranger in Englande. ie The time. It flowteth and fleurifheth in the fommer months. & The names. It is called Sefeli Peleponnefut , taken from the natiuefoile, diuers alfo call it Sphagnon , and of lome Fceniculum tortuofumyTt writhed Fennell, in fhops Sefeleos : in Englifh Hartwoort of Pelopon- nefus,or of Greece. The temperature. - Both roote,Ieaues and feedes are hot and drie in the fecond degree,and ofthinrie parts. "k Thevertues. Itprouoketh vrine,and helpeth theftrangurie , bringeth downethe ficknes and dead birth : it A helpeth the cough and fhortnes of breath, thefuffocation of the mother, and helpeth the falling Ccknefle. The feede drunke with wine concoð raws humours,taketh away the griping and torments of B the belly,and helpeth the ague as D/ofcorides faith. The mice of the Ieaues is giuen to goates and other cattle to drinke: that they may the fooner be Q deliuered of their yoong ones: as the fame author reporteth. OfSefelios^or Hartevcoorts of Candle . Chap.^. 08. The deferiptton. T His plant being the Sefeli of Candie, and in times paft not elfewhere to be found, tookehis furnameof that place where it was firft found, but now adaiesit is to be feene in the come fieldes about Narbon in Fraunce, from whence I had feedes, which profper well in my gar- den.This is but an annual plant,and increafeth from yeere to yeere by his owne fowing.The Ieaues growe at the firft euen with the ground, fomewhat hairie, of an ouerworne greene colour, in fhape much like vnto Cheruill, but thicker; among which rifcthvp an hairie rough ftalke, of the height ofa cubite,bearing at the top fpokie tuftes with white flowers; which being vaded,there followeth round and flat feede, compafled and cunningly wreathed about the edges like a ring. The feede is j f ac like the other, ioyned two togi ther in one,as you may fee in the feede of Ferula or Angelica, in fhape like a round targct,in tafte like MyrrhiA.Ma.thiolui did greatly miftake this plant. Sefeli THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Sc fell Cretkum. SdeleosofCandie. & The deferipticn. There is akinde of SefeliCreticum ^calledalfo Tor - / dylicn , and is very like vnto the former, failing that his leaues are more like vnto commonParfneps than Cheruill, and the feede hath no fuch wreathed ring about the edges as the former. There is Iikewife akinde of Sefeli that hath a root as big as a mans arme,efpecially if the plant be oldej but the newandyoong plants beare rootesaninch thicke, with feme knobs and tuberous (prowtes, about the lower part \ the roote is thicke, rough, and couered ouer with a thicke barke, the fubftance whereof is firft gummie, afterward fharpe,and as it were full of fpattle 5 from the vpper part of the roote procecde many knobs or thicke fwclling rootes, out of which there iffueth great and large wings ot branches of leaues, fome whereof are notched and dented round about, growing vnto one fide or rib of the leafe, handing alio one oppofite vnto another, of a darke and delaied greene colour, and fomewhat fhining aboue, butvnderneath of a grayifh or Afhe colonfrom amongft thefe leaues there arifeth a bra¬ ked or guttered fla'ke,acubite and a halfe high,fom- times an inch thicke, hailing many iointes or knees, and many branches growing about them,and vporr eachioint lefier branches oi leaues. At the top of theftalkes, and vpper endesof the branches growc little cups or bottles of pale flowers, which being " vaded,there commeth in place a feede,which is very like Silermont&ntm. There is alfo a kindeof Sefeli, which Tern fetteth foorth for the firft kinde of Daucuc, whereof I take it to be akinde, growing cuery where in the paftures about London, that hath large leaues, growing for a time euen with the earth,and lpred thereupon, and ditiided into many parts,in maner almoft like to the former for the moft part in all things, in the round fpokie tuftes or vmbles, bea¬ ring (hffe and fairs white flowers infliapelike them of Cinkfoile, infmelllike Sambucm or Elder. When the flower is vaded, there commeth in place a yellow guttered feede, of a (picie and very hot tafte.Thc roote is thicke and blacke without,which rotteth and perifheth in the ground (as we rnay fee in many gummie or Ferulous plants) after it hath (ceded, neither will it flower before the fecond or third yeere after it is fowen. Thereislikewifeakindeof Sefeli called Sefeli Maftii lienfe, which hath leaues very much clouen or cut,and finely lagged,very much like vnto the leaues of fweeteFennell,greater and thicker than the common Fennell. The ftalke groweth to the height of three cubites, hauing knottie iointes, as it were knees \ bearing at the top thereof tuftes like vnto Dill,and feede (omewhat long and cor¬ nered, of a fharpe and biting tafle. The roote is long and thicke like vnto the great Saxifrage, of a pleafant fmell and fharpe in tafte. There is another Sejeh of Maflilia, which hath large and great leaues like vnto Ferula, and not much vnlike Siler montanufUi among which rifevp ftalkesfowcr cubites high, bearing at the top fpokie tuftes like vnto the laft before rehearled, of a good fauour. The roote is like vnto the former infhape,lubftancc 3 and fauour,buc that it is greater. # The place. , y ■/ . Thefe plants are Grangers in England,nctwithftanding I haue them in my garden. *k The time. They flower and flourifh in September. & The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. # The names. Their names haue beene touched in their feuerall deferiptions. # The temperature and virtues. Their temperature and facilities in working are referred to the other Sefeleos „• Of Spignell, Spic/yiell, or zD\£e\y>e. (fhap.^cy. Meum. Spignell. - he defer ip t ton. r S Pignell hath ftalkes riling vp to the height of a cubite and an halfe 3 befet with leaues refcmblmg Fennel or Dill 3 but thicker,more bufhie 3 an'd more finely lagged; and at the top of the ftalkes do growe fpokie tufts like vnto Dill. The rootes are thicke and full of an oleous fub- ftance 3 fmelhng well 3 and chafing or heating the toongjofa reafonablegood fauour. There isabaftarde kinde of Spignell like vn- to the former, failing that the leaues are not fo finely cut or iagged: the flowers are tufted more thicker then the former.: the rootes are manie„ thicke 3 and full of fappe. 1 he place. Mewe 3 orMeon,groweth in Weftmerland 3 ae a place called Round-thwait betwixt Aplebie and Kendall,in the parifn of CL ton. r Baftarde Me we, or Meum? growe th iTi the wafte mountaines ofItaly 3 ahd the Alpes 3 and(as it hath beene tolde m<?) vpon Saint Vincents rocke byBriftowe, where I fpent two daies to feeke ir 3 but it was not my hap to finde it 3 there-» fore I make feme doubt of the truth thereof. it The time. Thefe herbesdo flower in Iune and Iuly 3 and ycelde their feedc in Auguft. it The names. It is called ofthcGra:ciansw£W, or “»ov, likewifeof thcLatines Meum : ofthe Iralians cJWfa; ir* Apulia,as Mathiolm&zz\2xe.xk\jx. is called Imperdtnx: in diners places of Spainc Sijlra , in others Prne'do: in high Dutch in French Sijlre: Ruelliusk aiththat ic is named in France Anethum tortmfum , and fylueftre, or writhed Dill 3 and wilde Dill: alfo it is called in Englifli Spig- nell' 3 orSpicknelljof lome Mewe,or BaIdmony,andBearewoort. The fecond may be called baftard Baldmony 3 or baftard Spieknell. i The temperature. Thefe herbes efpecially the.rootes of right Me on 3 is hot in the thirde degree 3 and diic in the fo- cond. i: Thevertues. The rootes ofMeon,or Baldmony boiled in water and drunke, mightily openeth the Loppings A»‘ of the kidneies and bladder,prouoke vrine and bodily luft 3 eafe and helpe the ftrangurie 3 and con- fiuneth all windines and belchings of the ftomacke. The fame taken with honiedoth appeafethegriefeof the belly, and is excellent againft all Ca- B tavrhes 3 rhcumcs 3 and aches of ioints 3 as alfo any phlegme falling vpon the lungs. It the fame be laide plaifterwife vpon the bcliies of childrcnpit maketh them to pifte well. C , They %<J THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE D They clenfe the entrailes,and deliuereth them ofobftru&ions or ftoppings: they prouoke vrine driuefoorth the ftone,and bring downe the flowers: but if they be taken more then isrequifite they caufe the hcadach; for feeing they haue in them more heate then drincs, they carrie to the i head raw moifture and windy heate 3 as Galen faith. — ‘ Of Horejlrange^or Sulphurwoort. Chap . 41 o. 1 Peucedanum. >» 2 Peucedanum maim. Sulphurwoort,, Great Sulphurwoort. be defer iption. 1 VIphurwoort or Hogs Fennell,hath a ftifFe and hard ftalke full of knees or knot r ,befet with leaues like vnto Fennell,but greater.co Timing neerer vnto Ferula,or rather like the leaucs of wildePine tree; and at the top of the Ilalkes round fpokie tuftes fullof littieyellow flow¬ ers,which do turneinto broadbrowne feede.The roore is th eke and long; I haue digged vp rootes thereofasbigasamansthigh, b’acke without, and white within; ofaftrongandgreeuous lir.ell, and full of yellow fap or liquor, which quickly waxeth hard or drie, fmelling not much vnhke Brim, (tone,called Sulphur, which hath induced fome to call it Sulphurwoort; hatting alfo at the top to- ward the vpper face of the earth, acertaine bufhof haire, of a browne colour, among which the leaues and ftalkes do fpring foorth. 1 The fecondkindeof ' Pc icedamm or Hogs Fennell, is very like vnto the former, failing that rhe leaues be like Ferula :the rootes ate nothing fo great as the former, but all the reft of the plant doth far excccdethe other in greatnefle. Theteis another kindeof Peucrdanuwpx: Hogs Fennell, which Pena found vpon Saint Vincents tockcby Briftow, whole picture he hath let foorth in his Adtier Urine, which that famous Englifh Phifttion of late memorie D. Turner found there alfo, fuppofing it to be the right and true Ptucedx - num .whereof nodoubtitisakinde; iegrowethnot abotiea footehigh, and is in fbape and leaues like the tight PcuGedammfcwL they be (hotter and lefleiggro w ing (bmewhat lik the writhed Fennell HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 8p 7 ' of Maffilia,but thebranchcs are more largely writhed,and the leaucs are of the colour ofthe bran¬ ches which arc of a pale greene colour. At thq top of the branches growcfmall white tuftes,hauing fcede like Dill,but fhorter and flenderer, of a goodrafte, fomewhatfharpe. Theroote is thicker than the fmalnefle of the herbe will well beare. Among the people about Briftowe, and the rocke aforefaid,this hath beene thought to be good to eate. ft The place. ,\ ^ The firftkindc of Peucedanum, or Hogs Fennell, groweth very plentifully on the fouthfideof a wood belonging to Waltham,at the Nafe in Eftex by the high way fide, alio at Whitftable in Kent in amedow neere to the fea fide , fometime- belonging to Sir Henrie CriJ}e , and adioining to his I houfe there. It groweth alio in great plentie at Feuerfham in Kent, neere vnto the hauen vpon thebankes thereof,and the medowes adioining. The fecondkinde groweth vpon the feacoaftsof Montpellier inFraunce, andinthecoaftcs of Italie. ft The time. Thefc plants do flower in Iune,Iuly and Auguft. it! he names. The Grecians call it 7rd6«A: of: the Latines in like manner peucedatoos, and alto Pinaflel/um: mo& ofthefhops, and likewife the common people name it Fceniculum Porcinuni: of diners St at an a * of the Prophets , that is to fay, a good Angellor ghoft : in high Dutch JparfttanQS g)CljlUCfFci lt5lirKCl>^)CU3fCnClieI t in Italian and French Pcuccdano : in Spahifh Herhatum: in En- glifh Horeftrange, and Horeftrong, Sow Fennell, or Hogs Fennell, SulphurwooigorBrimftone woort.lt is called Peucedanum, and PineHcllum^ol the Greek and Latine words ^c 4 >?,and Pinus. ft The temperature. 4, Thefeherbes, efpecially the yellow fap of theroote, is hot in the fecond, and drie in the begin¬ ning of the third degree. ft The vertues. The yellow fap of the roote of Hogs Fennell,or(as they call it in fome places of England) Hore- & ftrange,taken by it felfe, or with bitter Almonds and Rue,is good againft the fhortneffe of breth,it affwageth the griping paines of the belly, diftolueth anddnucth away ventofitie or windinefleof the ftomacke,it wafteth the fwelling of the milt or fplecne, loofeth the belly gently, and purgeth by fiege both flegme and choler. The fame taken in manner aforefaid,prouoketh vrine,eafeth the paine of the kidneies and blad- B der,caufeth eafie deliuerance of childe, and expelleth the fecondine or afterbirth, and dead childe. The fap or iuicc of the root mixed with oile of Rofesand vineger,and applied,cureththepalfie, C crampes,contraflion or drawing togither of finews,& all old cold difeafes,efpecially the Sciatica. It is vfed with good fucceffe againft the rupture or burftings in yoong children, and is very good D to be applied vnto the nauels of children that ftand out ouermuch. i he decodion of the roote drunke is of like vertue vnto the iuice,but not altogithcr fo effeduall E againft the forefaid difeafes. The roote dried and made into powder, doth mundifie and clenfe olde flunking and corrupt F fores and vlcers,and healeth them: it alfo draweth forth the corrupt and rotten bones (that hinder the fame from healing)and draweth foorth fplintcrs,and other things fixed in the flefh. The faid powder or iuicc of the roote mixed with oile of Roles ,caufeth one to fweate if the bo- G dy be annointed therewith, and therefore good tobeputintothe vndion, or ointment for the French difeafe. - The congealed liquor tempered with oile ofRofes & applied to the head,after the manner ofaq H ointment,is good for them that haue the lethargie; that are frantikej that haue diffmes in the head, that are troubledwith the falling ficknes,that haue the palfie, that are vexed with coniiulflons and cramps,and generally it is a remedy for all infirmities of the finewes, with vineger and oile as Dief- cor ides teacheth. The fame being fmelt vnto,reuiueth and calleth them againe that be ftrangled with the mother, I and that lie in a dead fleepe. Being taken in a reare egge,it helpeth the cough and difficultie of breathing,gripings, and win- K dines,which,as GW* 72 addeth,proceedethfrom the groflenes and clammines of humours. If ' Ell i It 8p8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE L Ifpurgeth gently,itdiminifhcththefpleene,bycutting, digefting, and making thinne humours that are thicke: it caufeth cafie trauaile,and openeth the matrix. M Afmallpeeceofthcrooteholdeninthemouth, isaprefent remedie againft the fufFocation of the mother. v » h V • '‘I • 7 , Ofherbe Ferula,or FcnnelKjiant. Qbap.^u. \'kThekindes . T'N Iofcorides maketh mention ofa Ferula , out of which is gathered the Gum Sagapene, Sc alfo he declareth that the Gums Galbumin, and Ammoniacum, are liquors of this herb Ferulah ut what difference there is in the liquors , according to the climate or countrey where i t groweth, he doth not let downe; for it may be that out of one kinde of Ferula fundry iuices may be gathered, that is to fay, accordingto the diuerfitie ofcountries where they grow,as we haue faide: foras Lafer,the juice of Laferwoort that groweth in Cyrene,doth differ from that liquor which groweth in Media, and Syria: fo it is likely that the herb Ferula doth bring forth in Media Sagapemm, in Cyrene Am¬ mon iactim, and in Syria Galbanum . T heophrafttu faith,that the her be Ferula is diuided into mo kinds, and he calleth one great,by the name of Ferula,and another little,by the name FeruUgo . ft The deftrtption, F Erula or Fennell Giant, hath very great Sc large leaues of a deep green colour, cut and iagged like thofe of Fennell, fpreading themfelues abroad like wings: among which ri- feth vp a great hollow flalke, fbmwhat reddilfi on that fide next the funne, diuided into certain fpaces, with ioints or knees like thofe of Hem- lockes orKexes, of thebignesof a mansarmc inthewreft, of the height of fowerorfiue cu- bites where it groweth naturally, as in Italic, Greece,and other hot countries: notwithflan- ding it hath attained to the height of 14. or 1 j. foote in my garden,and likewife groweth fairer and greater then from whence it came, as it fareth with other plants that come hither from hot regions; as for example, our great Artichock,which firft was brought out of Italie into England,is become (by reafon of the great moifture which our countrey is fubiedf vnto) greater, and better then thofe of Italy, info- much that diners Italians haue fent for fome plants of our Artichockes, deeming them to be of another kinde; neuerthelefle in Italie they are frnall and dry,as they were before; euen fo it hapneth vnto this Ferula , as we haue faid. This forefaid flalke diuideth it felfe towards the top into diuers other fmaller branches, wheron are fet the like leaues that growe next the gfoundc, but much lefTer: on the top of the branches at the firft budding of the flowers, ap- peere certaine bundles inclofcd in thinne skins,like the yolke of an egge, which diuers call Corculum Ferula, or the little Hart of Fmr/^whichbeing brought to maturitie, openeth it felfe into an open tuft or vmble like that of Dill, of aydlowifh colour: after which come the feede, in colour and fafnion Ferula. Fennell Giant. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 899 aftiion like thofe of the Par fnep,but longer and greater, ahvaies growing two togither foclofely oined that it cannot be difeerned to be more then one feede vntill they be diuided: the roote is ve- ie thicke and great, full of a certaine gummie iuice, that fiowerh foorth the roote being brufed, >rokenorcut, which being dried orhardned,is that Gum which is called Sagapenum, and in fnops T here is likewife another fmaller Ferula, like vnto the former in each refpeft, failing it is altogi- :her lefler: the roote likewife being wounded,yeeldeth foorth a fap or iuice, which when it is hard- ted is called Galbanum : of the A (Tyrians Metopium. I haue likewife another fort lent me from Paris, with this title, Ferula nigra , which profpereth ixceeding well in my garden,but difference I cannot finde any from the former, failing the leaues ire of a more blacke or fwart colour. i? The glace. Thefe plants are not growing wilde in England 5 1 haue them all in my garden. # The time. They flower in lime and Iuly,they perfect their feede in September, not long after the (talk with iis leaues perifh: the roote remaineth frefh and greene all winter. •&The names. The firft is called in Greeke N*p 9 ^: in Latine Ferula : in Italian Ferola : in Spanifh Cananheia : in inglifh herbe Ferula, and Fennell Giant. •k The temperature. Theft plants with their Gums are hot in the thirde degree,and drie in the fecond. iil he vertices. The pith or marrowe called Cor culum FeruU, as Galen teacheth, is of an aftringent or binding A uality ,and therefore good for them that fpet blond,and that are troubled with the flixe. Diojcorides faith,that being put into thenofthrils itftaieth bleeding,and is giuen in wine to thofe B lat are bitten with vipers. It is reported to be eaten in Apulia rolled in the embers, firft wrapped in leaues or in old clouts, C nth pepper and fait, which as they fay, is a pleafant fweete foode, that ftirrethvp iuft as they The feede doth heate and attenuate or make thinneit is a remedie againft colde fits of an ague, D y procuring fweate,being mixed with oi!e,and the body annointed therewith. A dram of the iuice of iVra/4,which beareth Sagapenrm, purgeth byfiege tough and flimie hu-E : ours,and all grofte flegme and choler: and is alio good againft all old and colde difeafts , which ; e hard to be cured 3 it purgeth the braine, and is very good againft all difeafes of the head,againft le Apoplexie and Epilepfie. Being taken in thefamemaneritis good againft cramps, palfies, fhrinkings,and paines of theF hewes. It is good againft the fhortnes of breath, the colde and long cough, the paine in the fide and G left, for it mundifieth and clenftth the breft from all cold flegme,and rheumatike humors. 5^<«^».7winfufed,orfteepedin vineger all night,and fpred vpon leather or cloth,fcattereth ,dif H llueth,and driueth away all hard and colde fwellings,tumors, botches,and harde lumpes growing ; out the ioints or elfe where, and is excellent good to be put into or mingled with all ointments 1 etnplaifters,which are made to mollifie and (often. The iuice of Ferula Galbanifera>C2\[e<\ Galbanum, drunkein wine with a little Myrrhe, is good I a ainft all venome or poifon that hath beene taken inwardly, or fhot into the bodie with venemous c rts,quarrels,or arrowes. It helpeth womens painfull trauell, if they do take thereof in a cup of wine the quantitie of ■Mb' f f,' The perfume of Galbanum , helpeth women that are grieued with the rifing of the mother, and is L 2 od for thofe that haue the falling ficknes. Galbanumk bftneth,moIlifieth,and draweth foorth thornes, fplinters,or broken bones, and con- M ineth colde and flegmatikehumours,ftruinginfundrie ointments and implaifters,for the vft of Ciirurgerie,and hath the famePhificall vertues,that are attributed vnto Sagapenum. Lll z Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE £QO Of Dropmori, or Filipendula . Cbap.^ iz. # ihektndes. nr» Here be diners forts of Dropwoorts, ibme of the champion or fertill paftures, (bme of mor< l moift and dankifh grounds^and fome of the water. ik The defer iptiort* s Hp He firft kinde of Filipendula hath leaues growing and fpred abroad like feather s, ech leaf I confiding offundry finall leaues, dented or fnipt rounde about the edges, growing to tb ftalkeby a fmall and (lender femme; thefe leaues refemble wilde Tanfie or Burnet, bu that they be longer and thicker,let like feathers as is aforelaid .-among thefe rife vpftalks a cubiteS an halfe high,at the top wherof grow many faire white flovvers,each finall flower confiding of fix {lender leaues,like a little ftarre,bufhing togither in a tuft like the flowers ofMeadfweete, of a foi fvveet fmell: the feed is final and groweth togither like a button: the roots are final and blacke,whei upon depend many little knops or blacke pellets,much like the rootes of the female Peonie, fauin: that they be a great deale finaller. 2 The fecond kinde of Filipendula, called of Pertain his Obferuations OenanthefiuePhzlijtetidul altera rnontam, is neither at this day very well knownc,neither did the old writers heeretofore one write or {peake of it: but Pena that painfull Herbarifl: founde it growing naturally in Narbone ii Fraunce ,neere vnto Veganium,on the top of the high hils called P aradzfttsDez, and neere vnto th rnountaineCalcaris .-this rare plant hath many knobbie long rootes, in fhape like to AJjthodelus In tens, or rather like the rootes of Corruda, that is 3 wilde Afparagus:from whichrifethvp aftalke HISTORIE OF PLANTS. <joi foote high and more, which is thicke 5 round 3 and channeled, befet full of leaues life thofe ofconi” mon Filipendu!a,but they be not fo thicke fet,or winged,but more like vnto the leaues of a Thiftle, confiding off undry fmal leaues in fafhion like to Ctroncpws Racily, that is, Rudlius his Bucks home: rounde about the top of the ftalke there groweth a very fairc tuft of white flowers, refembling fine firiall hoods, growing clofe and thicke togither, like the flowers of Pedicularis, that is,redRatteII, called of CaroLu clufm ^ieci or olophos,whereof he maketh this plant akinde,butin my iudgement and opinion rather like Cynojorchisp kinde of Satyrion. 3 Fdipenduh anvil (l if olid, 4 FilipendulaCicut* facie. Narrow leafed Dropwoort. Homlocke Dropwoort. ^ The defer ipt ion. | Th^re is another kind ofFilipendula let forth vnder the name of Oemnthe , that hath many tu- crous & thicke rdotes like the male Peionie, and euery one of thofeknobs hath a certaine firing of bre annexed theretoj from whence arifeth a crefted flalke twofoote high, diuiding it felfc toward ae top into fundry armes or branches \ from the hollovi e place or bofome of euefy ioiht (out fwhrch do grow thofe branchcs)the leaues do alfb proceed, very much cutoriagged like Fennel, ocry fmali leafe for the rnoffc part refembling the forkes of the herbe called Harts home, or Bucks prne:at the top of thofe branches come foorthfpokierundles of white flovvers,fa(liioned like arres. ’ '• f l * y-' ■ “ ' ' : - The fourth kinde of Filipendula, is as ftrange a plant as the former, efbecially with vsheere in ngland,except in the watery places andrilles in the north, where Paludapium or water Smaliagc roweth, whereuntoinlcauesitisnotvnlike, but more like Rutapratenfis , it hath many plumed 1 ancbes,a naughtie fauour, and in colour and fhape like chut a , that is Homlocke. The fhlkcs are Pocuhitcshigh, commingfrom a roote, which exceedingly multiplieth itfelfeintobulbes', like .Jphodelus atbus. Thefe ftalks are permanent and lafting,tender,and in thfte fhafpe and vnpleafant. ie fpokie tufts or rundlcs growing at the top are like cicatayea. it much refembleth Homlocke in L11 3 propertie THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE propcrtie and euill qualities, and lo do they affirme that haue prootied and fecne the experience of it. For being taken in fharpe fawces,it doth well nigh poilon, and thole which eate of it haue beene made giddic in their heads,waxing very pale,daggering and reeling like drunken men. Beware and take good heede of this and l'uchlikclimples; lor there is no Philition that vvillgiueit: bicaufe there be many other excellent good fimples,which God hath bellowed vpon vs^for the preuenting and curing ofdifeafes. 5 Filipendula Aquatics. Water dropwoort. ie T he definition. % The lift and lafl kinde of Fihptnduia, which is the fourth according to /idathiolus his ac¬ count , hath leaues like water Smallage, which Plime calleth Syiaus, the leaues very much refem- blingthofe oiLauer among which rileth vp a great and large (hike, deepely furrowed or crefted, bearing at the top therof fpokie or bufhic rundles of white flowers. The rootes are compact of very many filaments or threds jamong which come loorth a few tuberous or knobby roots like vnto the lecond kinde. - ft The place. The firft groweth plentifully vpon ftonie rocks or mountaines, and rough places, and in fertill paft ures. I found great plenty thereof growing in a fielde adioining to Sion hotile, fomtime a Nun - rieneere London, on the fide of a medow called Sion Medow. The lecond hath beene fufficiently fpoken of.in the defeription. The third groweth nccre vnto brookesandri- tiers fides.Tbe fourth groweth between the plow¬ ed lands in the moift and wet furrowes of a fielde belonging to Batterfey by London.Thelift grow¬ eth ncere the fidesof riuers and water ftreames, efpecially neere the riuer of Thames or Terns, about the Bifhopof Londons houle at Fulham, and fuch like places. The time. Thele plants do flower from May to the end of lulie. # The names. They are commonly called FilipenduU. The firft is called of TpJcoUui Mirepfus Philipendula offome Saxifraga rubra, and Millefoliumfyluejlre: of Plmie Molon: in Italian and Spanifh Fill- pendulaivn Englifh Filipendula and Dropwoort. Water Philipendula is called Philipendula aquatic a, Oenanthe aquatica,znd Silaus Plinij. The fourth whole leaues are like to HomIocks,is called o icordus Olfenichium-xn Englifh Hom- locke Filipendula. •fy The nature. Thele kindes of Philipendula are hot and drie in the third degree, opening and clenfing, and yet with a little aftri&ion or binding. All the kindes of Oenanthes haue the fame facultie. •& 7 he vertices. I\ Theroote of common Philipendulaboiled ia wine and drunken, is good againll all paines ofthe bladder, caufcth one to make water, and breaketh the Hone. The like Diojcorides hath written of Oenanthe; the roote,laith he,is good for them that pilfe by drops. The powder of the rootes of Philipendula often vfed in mearc, will preferue a man from the fal¬ ling ficknelie. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Of Homloc\s, or herbe Hennet. Chap. 4.13. , I Cicuta . Hemlocks. 2 CicutaUtifoliafatidifiima. Broad leafed (linking Homlocks. *k The dejcriptiojto 1 f1 "j ^ He firfl: kinde of Hemlocke hath a long flalke, hue or fixe foote high, great and hollow,full of ioints like the ftalkes of Fennelhof an herbie colour; powdered with fmall red fpots, al- moil like the ftems of Dragons. The leaues are great,thicke, and final! cut or iagged like the leaues of Cheruill,but much greater, and of a very ftrong and vnpleafimt fauour. The flowers are white,growing by tuftes or fpokie tops, which do change and turne into a white flat feede: the roote is fhort,and (omevvhat hollow within. 2 The Apothecaries in times pad not knowing the right SefeliTeloponncnfe, haue erronioufly ta¬ ken this Ci cut a lat if din for the lame. The leaues whereof are broad, thickc,and like vnto Cicutaria, yetnotthefame; they called it Sefeli Feloponnenfe cum folio Cicuta, the faculties whereof denieand refute that afiertion and opinion,yea and the plant it felfe, which being touched, yeeldeth or brea- theth out a moil; virulent or Iothfome finell: thefe things fufficiently argue, that it is not a kinde of &y£//,befides the reafons following. Sefeli hath a reafonable good fauour in the whole plant, the roote is bare and Angle, without fibres like a Carrot: but Cicuta hath not onely a Iothfome fmell, but his rootes are great, thicke, and knobbie, like the rootes of Myrrhis : the whole plant doth in a manner referable the leaues, ftalkes and flowers of CMyrrhu odoyata, whole fmall white flowers do turne into long and crooked feedes,growing at the top ofthe branches three cubites high. ft 'theplace. Common Hemlocks groweth plentifully about towne wals and villages in fhadowy places/and fat foiles neere ditches. L 11 4 The I 904 THE SECOND ROOKE OF THE The feconde groweth vpon mountaines and defart places, and is a ftranger in Englande; yet I haue plants thereof in my garden. v ^ The time. They flourifti and feede in September. & The names. Homlockes is called in Greeke • in Latinc Cicuta : in high Dutch €fcf)itltng« in low Dutch @C|)&TlUtCk X in Spanifh Cegutay Canaheia ; in French Ctgue : in Englifh Hemlocke, Homlocke, Kexe,and herbe Bennet. The fecond is called Cicuta latifolia, and Cicutaria latifoha^nA Sefeli Feloponnenfe quorundam : in Englifh great Hemlocks,and {linking Homlock. i? 7 he temperature. Galen faith , that Homlocke is extreme oolde in operation, euen in the fourth degree of cold- nefTe. Thevertues. A It is therefore a very rafh part to Iaie theleaues of Homlockes to the {tones of yoong boie-s or virgins brefls,and by that meanes to keepe thofe parts from growing great: for it doth not onely eafely caufe thofe members to pine away, butalfo hurteth the hart and liucr being outwardly ap¬ plied 3 then mull it of neceffitie hurt more being inwardly taken 3 for it is one of the deadly poifons which killeth by his coldequalitie, as D/^r/rfwwriteth,faying, Homlocke is a very euill,dange- rous , hurtful!, and poifonous herbe, infomuch that vvholoeuer raketh of it into his body dieth re¬ nted lie fie,except the partie drinkefome wine that is naturally hot, before thevenome haue taken the hart, as Plinte faith : but being drunke with wine the poifon is with greater fpeeae carried to the hart, by reafon whereof it killeth prefently 3 therefore not to be applied outwardly,muchlefie taken into the body. B The great Hemlocke doubtlefle is not pofteffed with any one good facultie, as appeereth by his lothfomefmell,and other apparant fignes, and therefore not to be vfed in Phificke. Ofwilde and water Homlodq. Cbap.^i^ •& Thekindes. \ . . -v- ' • ’ ‘ : ’ T Here be diuers forts of wildeHomlocks, two figures fhall be fet foorth vnto you , one of the land,another of the water, with the defeription of moe. ^ The description. 1 'T 1 His wilde kinde of Hemlocke hath a thicke tough rootc, from which rife vp diuers fliffe flalkes,hoIlowe,{bmcwhat reddiiTa toward the funne, iointed or kneed at certaine di- flances, from which ioints fpring foorth long leaues very greene, and finely minced or iag- ged like the common Cheruill: the flowers ftande at the tops of the ftalkes in fmallfpokic vm- bles: the feede followeth like thofe of Par(ley,but lefier: the whole plant is of a naughtie finell. 2 Water Homlocks, which L'Ohelius calleth Cicutaria palttjirii 3 Clufius and Dodonaw Phtllan - dr mm , rifeth vp with a thicke, fat, and emptie hollowe flalke, full of knees and ioints, crefted, chamfered, or furrowed,ofa yellowifh greene colour *. the leaues fhoote foorth of the ioints and branches like vnto wilde Homlocks, but much thicker,fatter,and oiIeous,veiy finely cut or iagged, almoft like thofe of the fin a lie ft Vijnaga or Spanifh Toothpickes: the flowers ftande on the top 1 of the ftalkes in (mail whitifh tufts: the feede followeth blackifh,of the bignes of Anife feede, and of afweetefauour: therooteis thicke, and long within the water, very loft and tender, with very many firings faftned thereto. l Cicutaria HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 9 05 1 CicHtm&tcmifolU, Thinne leafed wilde Hemlocks. The place. The firfl: groweth among (tones,rubbifh, by the wals of cities and townes almofl eiiery where, The other groweth in the midftofwatcr ditches,and {landing pooles,andponds,in mod plades of England: it groweth very plentifully in the ditches by a caufey,as you go from Redreffc to Det~ Jorde neere London,and many other places. ^ T he time. They flower and flourifh in Iuly and Augufl, 7 he names. i : There is not more to be faide of the names,then is expreflfed in their titles and defeription. -&The tempo ature and vertues. Their temperature and faculties are anfwerable to the common Homlocke, which hatie no vfe in Phificke as vve haue faid. Of Earth 3fut, Earth Qoeflnut , orI\ipper C\(ut. Chap. 4.15. The de feription. I T~^ ArthNut, or Kipper Nut, called after L'Obel/m, Nucula terreftrie, hath fmall euen crefted flalkes,a foote and fomewhat more high j whereon do growe next the grounde leaues like thofe of Parfley, and thole that do growe higher like thofc of Dill: the white flowers do ftande on the top of the (talks in ipokie rundles like the tops of Dill, which turne into final! feede, of a very good fmell,noc vnlike to thofe of Fennell,but fmaller: the roote is rounde, knobbed with certaine eminences or bunchingsout j browne without, white within, of afirmeandfolide fub- (tance,and of a tafte like the Che((enut,or Cheflnut,whereof it tooke his name. 2 CicutarUpaluflris. Wilde water Hemlocks; 2 There - $ o 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 There is alfb another Earth Nut, thathathftalksafootehigh,wherondogrowiaggedleaues like thofe of Englifh Saxifrage,of a bright greene colour :the flowers growe at the top of the bran¬ ches in fmalllpokie tufts,conflfting of little whitifh flowers,laide ouer with a wafh of light carnati¬ on : the roote is like the other^bulhus faihionjwith fboie fewe ftrings hanging at the bottome, of a good and pleafant tafte. i Bolbocaflanon* 2 Bolbocaftanon Altera, Icon. Earth N u t. Great Earth Nut. 7 he place. Thefe herbes do growe in paftures and corne fieldes almoft euery where: there is a field adioin- ing to Highgate,on the right fide of the middle of the village, couered ouer with the fame: and likewife in the next ficlde vnto the conduit heads by Maribone, neer the way that leadeth to Pad¬ dington by London,and in diners other places. # 'The time. They flower in Iunc and Iuly: the feede commeth to perfection afterwards. •kThe names . Alexander Tmlliama hath made mention of BokPovJ^ voV in his 7. booke, reckoning it vp among thole kinds of meats or fuftenances,which be good for fuch as haue rotten lungs,of fome it is called Agriocajlanon. Guinterim thought the worde was corrupted,and that Balanocajlanon fhould be read, but this is as ftrangeawordeas Bclbocajlanon, which was deriued of the forme of abulbe, and the tafte of a Cheflenut: of fome Nucula Terreftrispt the little Earth Nut : it is thought to be Bunium Diofcori - dii of fome,but we thinke not fo;of DoCtor Turner kMj>zos, yet there is another o^w ; being a kind of Tithymale : of Math wins Oenanthe , making it a kinde ofFilipendula :in high Dutch CCl'HnUf? ♦ in lowc Dutch CcrtHOtOt: the people of Sauoycallit Fauerottes : in Englifh Earth Nuts, Kipper nuts-and Earth Cheftnuts. •klhe HISTORiE OF PLANTS, $>07 ft' Thetemperature. • The rdotc of Earth N uts are moderately hot and dry,and alfo binding: but the feed is both hot¬ ter and drier. ft Thevertuei. The (cede openeth and prouoketh vrine,and fo doth the roote likewife. The roote is good for thole that lpet and pifle bloud, if the roote be eaten rawc } of rolled in the A embers. ■ The Dutch people do vfetoeate them boiled and buttered, as we doParfneps and Carrots, g which lo eaten comfort the ftomacke, and yeelde nourifhmcnt that is good for the bladder and kidneies. There is a plaifter made of the feedes heereof,whereof to write in this place,were impertinent to Q our hiflorie. Of Cumin . Chaf.f\6. is! he kindss. Viofcorides maketh one kinde of the garden or tamc,and others wildc. Cuminum fatiuum Diofcoridis. Garden Cumin. ft The defeription. T He garden Cumin is aloweor bafeheibe, of afootehigh: the ftalke diuideth it felfe into diuers fmall branches, whereon do grow lit¬ tle iaggedlcaues very finely cut into finall parcels like thole of Fennell, but more finely cut, fhorter and lcffcr: the fpokie tufts growe at tire top of the •branches and ftalkcs, of a darke purplifh colour, after which come the feede, ofa if rong or rancke lmell,and a biting tafte: the roote is (lender,which perifheth when it hath brought his feede to ripe- nefle. ft The place. Cumin is husbanded and fowen in Italie and Spaine, and is very common in other hot coun¬ tries,as in AEthiopia, AEgypt, Cilicia,and all the lefier Alia. It delighteth to growe efpecially in putrified and hot foiles: I haue prooued the feeds in my garden, where they hauebroughrfoorth ripefeede much fairer and greater then any that commeth from be¬ yond the feas. ft The time. It is to be fowen m the middle of thefpring, a fhewer of raine prefently following doth much hinder the growing thereof,as Ruelltm faith. My felfe did fowe it in the midft of Maie, which fprungvp in fixe daies after: and the feede was ripe in the cndofluly. ft The names. Ic is called in Greeke ydutvav vui&v , that is, tame or garden Cumin, that it may differ from the' wildeones; ir is named in Latine Cuminum: in (hops Cymmum :in high Dutch iRCDRtlfcfjCftptHtTiCfo in Icalian Cornino: in Spanith Commchos : in French Comm: in Englifh Cumin. ft The S>o8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The temperature. The feede of garden Cumin ,as Galen faith^is hot and dry in the thirde degree: Diojcorzdes faith, that it hath in it alfo a binding qualitie. A The vertues. The feedes of Cumin foattereth and breaketh all the windinesofthe domacke, belly, guts, and matrix: iris good againft the griping tormentSjgnawing^or fretting of the belly, notonely recei- ued inwardly by the mouth, but alfo in gliflers, and outwardly applied to the belly with wine and Barly mcale boiled togicher to the forme ofa pultis. g Being handled according to Art either in a Cataplafir^pultfo&plaide^or boiled in wine and fo applied, taketh away bladings, fwellings of the cods, or genitors: itconfumeth windy fwellings in the ioints,and Inch like. q Being taken in a dipping broth,it is good for the ched, and for colde lungs, and fuch as are op* pred'ed with abundance of rawe humours. j) It dancheth bleeding at the nofo, being tempered with vineger and finelt vnto. Being quilted in a little bagge with fome fmall quantity of baie fait, and made hot vpon abed d pan with fire,or fuch like,and fprinckled with good wine vineger, and applied to the dde very hot, taketh away the ditch and paines therof, and eafeth the pleurifie very much. Of Wilde Qumin. Qbap.^ij, 4 ft The kindles, HP Here be diuers plants differing very notably one from another in (hape,and yet all comprehen- dedvnderthe title of wildeCumin. I Cwninumfyluejlre, 2 Cum'mumfiliquofum. Wilde Cumin. Codded wilde Cumin, pop HISTORIE OF PLANTS, it The defription. j r-pHe wilde Cumin hathfmall white rootes 3 withfome fibres thereto appendant; fromwhich I arife fundrie little iagged leaues 3 confifting of many letter leaues 3 finely dented about the **■ edges } in fafhion like the fmalleft leaues ofwildeParlhep:among which fpringeth vpaflen- der bending ftalk afoote high 3 like vnto bearing at the top therof white,round 3 and hairie buttons or knops, like ArtfionpiS Diofcorides hath right well obferuediwithin which knops is conteined a tender downiefubftance 3 among which is the feede, like the feede of DensLeonis, but much letter. 2 Thefecondkindeof Cumin is very like vnto the aforefaide wilde Cumin 3 faue that it beareth a number of horned or crooked cods,after the maner of Scorpioides , but thicker and lette crooked, and the feedes within the cods are feuerally diftind andfeparatedone from another by equall par¬ titions,in fmall crofles 3 yellow of coIour 3 and fomewhat long: the ftalkes are little and tender , befec with leaues much like vnto the fmall leaues of Carui, or Peclen Veneri *: and at the top of the ftalkes there do grow pretie yellowe flowers, like thofe of great Celandine orRockct 3 fauing that they be foinwhat letter. 3 Cuminum Corniculatumfue Hypecoum Clusij. Horned wilde Cumin. 7 he defription, 3 The third kinde of Cumin is very like vnto the latt before mentioned 3 but the leaues are much greater, more flender, and more finely cut 3 or iag¬ ged j like the leaues of Sefelt of Maffylia : among which rifeth vp a ftalke a cubftehigh orfomwhat more 3 very fmooth and whitifh 3 at the top whereof fpringfoorthfine yellow flowers, like the former, but inmyopin'onmore like thePaunfeyor Harts cafe: thefe flowers being vaded , there fucceede crooked cods, greater 3 and more full of knots or diui fions then the former 3 wherein is conteined a {mail and flat yellowe -feede like Galega.xhc roote is long 3 thicke,and Angle. it The place. Thefe wilde Cumins do growe in Lycia, & Ga¬ latia,^ prouince of Afia, and in Carthage acitie of Spaine 3 feldome feene in thefe northern parts 5 notwithftandingattheimpreflionhecrof, thelaft did flower and flourifh in my garden. . . 1 if it The time. Th ey flower in Auguft , and'perfeft their feede in September; it The names. Their names hauc becne touched in their titles in as ample maner as hath been fet downe by any author. it The temperature and vertues . Their temperature and vertues are referred to the garden Cumin 5 notwithftandingl cannot read in any author of their vfe in phitteke. :Y: v; ' Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 9 oi Of Flixeweede. Cbap.q. 18 . •& The description. 1 Lixeweede hath roundc and harde ftalkes , a cubitc and a halfe high , whereon do growe jM leaues mod finely cut and diuided into innumerable fine iags,like thofe of the fea Worme- wood called Seriphwm or ^Ahfmth'mm tenuifohum , but much finer andfmaller, drawing neere vnto the fnalleft leaues of Corianders, of an ouerworne greene colour: the flowers growe alongft the tops of the fpriggie branches, of a darke yellow coIour:after which come long cods full of fmall red feedes: the roote is long,ftraight,and of a woodie fubftance. 2 The fecond fort differeth not from the precedent, failing that the leaues of this plant are broa¬ der, wherein efpecially confifteth the difference $ notwithftanding in mine opinion 7 aber tanm found this fecond fort growing in fbmefertiil place, whereby the leaues did growe broader and greater,which mooued him to make of this afecond fort y whereas in truth they are both but one,and the felfe fame plant. it The place. This Flixeweede groweth in moft places of Epiglande, almoft euery where in the ruines of oldc buildings,by high waies,and in filthy obfeure bale places. it The time. It flowreth and lecdeth from June to the end of September. it The names. Flixeweed is called Thaltetrum , & offome T halt ft rum , but vnproperly; for Th alt ft rum belong- eth to Englifh Rubarbe: the Paracelfians do vaunt and brag very much of an herbe called Sophia, adding I historie OF PLANTS. 5 I, adding thereto the furname Paracel/!,w herewith they imagine to do woonders,whether this be the fame p.ant: 11 iss difputable,theconrrouerfie not as yet decided jneiierthelefle we'muft be content to accept of this for the true Soph.a, vntill tome difciple or other of his do (hew or fet foorth the plant r “ Ch §rCat matKtS: ‘ n En S 1,n ‘ we cal111 Phxeiveede , of his ' % The temperature, Sophia drieth without any manifeft iharpenefle or heate. # The vertues. Of,the great Celandine } or Swallow ivoort. Chap.\\o. "kThe description. Chelidonium maim. Great Celandine. T He great Celandine hath a tender brittle ftalke,round,hairie and full of branches,ech whereof hath diners knees or knottieioints let with leaues not vnlike to thofe of Columbine 5 but tenderer & deeper cut or iagged, ofagrayifli greenc vnder , and greene on the other fide ten-* cingtob ewnes - the flowers do grow at the top of the ftalkes, of a golde yellow colour, in fhape Me thofe of the Wall flowery after which come long cods,full of bleake or pale feedes: the whole plantts of aftrongfmeJl, nothing pleafant, and yeeldeth a thicke mice of a milkie fubftance, and i ™ CoI ?? r ° f Saffron: theroote is thicke and knobbie/with fome threds annexed therto,which the colour ofgolde!^^ 5 of * The plait. It groweth in vntilled places, bvcommon way lides,among briers and brambles,about old wals and Ill the (hade rather then in the funne. ’ it The time. It is greene all the ycere,it flowreth from April toagoodpartoffommer, thecods are perfected inthemeanetime. r _ ft The names, and among the feLatine Chdi ' le aame Celidomum ; it is named in Italian rfliA. „• c !? Chehdoma , diuers mifcall it by \rinhds; i n high Dutch : n Z C e J*duenha, Terua de Us goiun- felayreCelidoine: in Enjifii Celandine* greatC?**!?^ 11 * 1 * ^ CUUJC: in French £y£/«v, or fQoot,and Tetterwoort. S " S^at Celandine, common Celandine, Swallowe after pn THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE after a time be reftored of it fclfe, and (boned of all the fight of the Swallow, whereupon (as the lame author faith) that the tale or fable grew, how thorowan herbethe damsreftore that thing, which healeth of ltfelfe: the very fame doth Ariftotle alleadge in the fixtbookeof the hiftorie of liuing creatures : the eies of yoong Swallowes, faith he,that are not fledge,ifa man do pneke them out,do grow againe,and afterwards do perfectly recouer their fight. The temperature. The great Celandine is manifeftly hot and dry,and that in the thirde degree,and withall (coureth and clenfeth effectually. ^ Thevertues. A The iuice of the herbe is good to fharpen the fight, for it clenfeth and confumeth awaieflimic things that cleaue about the ball oftheeie, and hinder the fight, andefpecially being boiled with hony in a brafen vefielfas Diofcondes tcacheth. B The roore cureth the yellowe iaundife, that commeth of the flopping of the gall, efpecially when there is no ague ioyned,for it openeth and dehuereth the gall and liuer from (toppings. C 'f he roote being chewed,is reported to be good againft the toothach. D The iuice muft be drawne foorth in the beginning of (onimer,and dried in the (linne, faith D/of _ cortdcs. . E The roote ofCclandine boiled with Annife feede in white wine, openeth the (toppings of the liner,and cureth the iaundife very fafely ,as hath beene often prooued. 3 F The roote cut in fmall peeces is good to be giuen vnto Haukes againft lundry dileafes, wherun- to they are fubiedt,as wormes,craie 5 and fuch like. Of Coxcontbe^orjellowe^Rptttlc. C Rift a Gdli, or Crifta gdlltnacea , hath a ftraight vpright ftalke,(et about with nar¬ row leaues,fnipt rounde about the edges: the flowers growe at the top oftheftems, of a yellowe colour; after which come vp little fiat pouches or purfes, couered ouer or contained within a little bladder,or flat skin, open before like the mouth of a fifh, wherein is contained flat yellowifh feede , which being ripe and drie ; will make a noife or ratling when it is fhakenoi mooned, of which propertie it tooke the name yellow Rattle. •ft The place. It growetb in drie medowes and paftures,and is to them a great annoiance. & The time. It flowreth moft part of the fiommer. The Karnes. It is called in low Dutch BfltClCfb an< ^ HCltdCU ♦ commonly in Latine Crtfta Gath, a-nc Gallinacea Crtfta : in Englifh Coxecombe,Peni< grafle, yellow or white Rattle • in high Dutch i is called geeJEoBd: in French CnftedeCoc diuers take it to be the olde writers Ls.ile&orolo Crifta Galli. Yellow Rattle.or Coxcombe. Qhap./\io. ieThe defer ipt ion. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. pi 3 ft The temperature and vertues. Butwhattemperatureorvertuethis herbeisof, menhaue notasyet beene carefull to knowe, feeing it is accounted vnprofitable. . Of red c Raftle^or Loufewoort. Chapin. Pedicular is. Loufewoort,or red Rattle. if The description. R Ed Rattle (of Dodonauts called Fiflularia , and according to the opinion and cenfure of Caroint Clufms , Vena, and others, the true K^Alcttorolophos) hath very finally rent, or iagged leaues , of a browne redde colour, and weake; finall and tender ftalkes, whereof fome lie along trailing vpon the grounde; within verie moorifh medowes they grow a cubite high and more, but in moift and wet heathes, and fuchlike barren grounds not aboue an handfull high: the dowers grow round about the ftalke,from the midft ther- oi euen to the top,and are of a browne red colour, in I’ll ape like the flowers of dead Nettle; which being part, there fucceede little flat pouches, wherein is contained flat and blackifh feede , in {hewe very like vnto the former: the root is finally white,and tender. if The place. It groweth in moift and moorifh medowes,the her’oe is not oncly vnprofitable, but alfo hurtfull, and an infirmitie of the medowes. ie The time. It is founde with his flowers and ftalks in Maie andlune. . ie The names. It is called in Greek <p 9 »s«>Vs in high Dutch Betid ♦ in Latine Pedicular is of the effect, bicau/e itfilleth fheepe and other cattle that feede in medowes where this groweth full of lice: diners of :he later Herbarifts cal it Fiflularia,of fome Cri/la Galli, and diners take it to be M'mmulus herba: in dnglifh Rattle grafle,red Rattle grade,and Loufewoort. # Thetemperaturc. It is colde and drie and aftringent. ie The vertues. It is helde to be good for fiftulaes and hollowe vlcers, andtoftaytheoucrmiichflowingoftbe A nenfes,or any other fluxe ofbloud,ifitbeboiled in red wine and drunke. Of Yarrowe^or Sfofebleede. Chap.^zz. - jsSsT JH wmg* "1 ie The defeription. \ • ; -O ... 'j \ O' A^Ommon Yarrowehath very many ftalkes comming vp a cubite high,round, and fomwhat ^^hard :about which ftande long leaues,cut in thefides funclrie wife, and as it were made vp of many final iagged leaues,euery one of which feeme to come neere to the Render leaues •r.. ' M m m i of 914 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE of Coriander: there ftande at the top tufts or fpoked rundles, the flowers whereof are either white or purple, which being rubbed do yeelde a ftrongfmell,but vnpleafant; the roote fendeth downe many ftringes. 2 The fecond kinde of MilfoileorYarrow,hathftalkes,leaues, androotcs like vnto the former fauing that his fpokie tufts are of an excellent faire red or crimfon colour, and being a little rubbed in the hand,is of a reafonable good fauour. I Millefolium ter ref re vulgare. Common Yarrow. 2 Millefolium jlore ruhro. Red flowred Yarrow. ft The place. The firfl groweth euery where in driepaftures and medowes: redMilfoile growethin a field by Sutton in Kent,called Holly Deane, from whence I brought thofe plants that do grow in my gar* den ;but it is not common ewery whereas the other is. *le The time . , They flower from Maieto the end of October. 1 he names. Yarrowis called ofthelater Herbarifts Millefolium, it is Diofcorides his Tfrc-tos : in Latin Achillea^ and Achilleafdentis which thing he may very plainly fee that will compare it with that defcription which Diofcorides hath let downe: this wasfounde out izdhplmy in his 2 5.bookechapter 5. by Achilles Chirons difciple,which for thatcaufe is named Achilieios,ot others SideritisfimongvsMil- lefohum :yctbc there other Sideritides, and alfo another Panaces Heracleion whereof we will in¬ treat in another place: iMpuleim fetteth downe diners hcerof, force of which are alfo found among thebaftard names in Diofcorides • in Latineit is called Mil/ tar is Super c ilium Veneris, Acrum-fX Ac°- rumfyluaticum: of the French men Millefit file: \n high Dutch ^ Ql'I’ ClVfdjfltffflT i n l° w ^ utcIi in Italian M/lkfcgho: in Spanilh Milhoyasyerua: in Englifh Yarrow, Note bleed, com¬ mon-Yarrow, red Yarrow.and Milfoile. . . ft TU HISTORIE OF PLANTS. The temperature* 'no Yarrow,as Ga/wfaithjs nor vnlrke in temperature to the Sidertiides, or Iron worts,that is to fay, clenfing,and meanly colde,but it mofi of all bindeth. 'fcT.be vtdiues. •■.mo The leaues ofYarrow doth dole vp wounds^ndbee-peth them from inflammation,or fiery fivel- A, Jin? :it ftanchech bloudiii any pant ©fthe.body^ ^ndi it is. Itftawrife put-in to bathes for women to fit inMtftoppeth the laske, and being drunke it hclpeth ciie blofidyKbxo. i c7ogr;r."f! : : Mofl; men lay,that the leaues chewed, andki^edia-lly greene , are a remedie for the toothach. B The leaues being pUtintq theno^ydo'caufeu'tiDoibjeedeyatnd'eafeth-the paine oFthemegxim. C Itcureth the inward excoriations ofthe,yard<s<qf aman comming by reaf on of pollutions or ex¬ treme flovying of the feede, although the ifiuepkiixaufe inftamiiiation and (welling of thole lecret parts, and though the (permatick matter do corhc dovvnd iA great^uaiiritie, .if the iuice be inieded with afiring, orthe deGQ&ion. This-hath b ee n e pmo ued by* a 1 cert aine fr ie n deof rn i ne,forme mme s a fellow of Kings Colledge in Cambridge,.wholightly brufed(hedcaucsbi common Yarro.vve with Hogs greafe,and applied it warme. v.nto the priuie;parts,and rhethy did diuersitimes heipe himleife, and others ofhis fellowes,when he.vvas a Undent,and a fingls mmiiuing:in Cambridge* .' : One dram in powder of the herbe giuen in wine ,ipcdeiiily taketh away the paine of the colick D .'unibrnd jL iwa.'HOl on* .oiod v.naei :woiH. ... Of yellow Yarrow ^or ff\Yilfoile. Chap . 425 , *fc The de feriptton. 1 \/ r HlIowc Yarrow is a fmall plant, fcarce aboue a fpan high: the (hikes whereof are couered with long leaues, very finely cut in the edges like feathers in the wings of little birds •. the tuftes or (poked rundles, bring foorrh yellow flowers, of the fame (haps and forme of the common Yarrow: the roote confifteth of threddie firings. Mmm 2 3 Achilles 5>i 6 THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE 2 Achilles Yarrow or noble Milfoile , hath a thicke tough roote, with firings faflned thereto; from which immediately rife vp diuers ftalkes, very grecne and crefted , whereupon do growe long leaues compofed ofcnany fmall iagges ,cut euen to the middle rib: the flowers ftande on the top of the ftalkes in lpokie vmbles or tufts,ofa yellowifh colour ,and pleafant fmell. r ' ■ ft 1 he place. Thefe kinds ofYarrdw arc feldome found: they grow in a fat and fruitful foile, and fomtirnes in mcdowes 5 andarefl:rangersinEngfand. : ’ds rk : ,! ibl: 3 .. ft The time. They flower in Maie cfpecially;ihthe moneth of Auguft they are likewife feenc. or. r - > ft The names. Tiojcorides defeription dothfufficiently declare, that this herbeis Stratiotes Millefolium: in Greeke : the height of the herbe fheweth it, the forme of the leaues agree; there is forne ambiguitie or doubt in thccolour of the flowers, which Diofcorides deferibeth to be white, as the vulgar copies haue;btit ^Andreas Lacuna addeth out of the old booke, of a yellow colour: it is named of the laterage Millefolium minus, or little Yarrow, and Millefolium luteum , yelloweYar- row,orNofebleede:the Apothecaries and common people know it not. - — ft The temperature. ' - .ikenO Yarrow is meanlv colde,and fomewhat binding. ftThevertues. A It is a principal! herbe for all kinde of bleedings,and to hcale vp new and olde vlcers and greens wounds .- there be fome faith that vfe it for liftulaes. B T his plant AchMeads thought to be the very fame, wherewith Achilles cured the wounds of his foldiers,as before in the former chapter. Of Valerian ,or Setreall. fbap. 4.Z4.. ft 1 hekindes. HP 1 Here be diuers forts of Valerians,fbme of the garden 3 fbnie of the flelde, and alfo fome of the 1 -■* water, --*■ » * ft The defeription. z ^TpHe tame or garden Valerian hath his firfl leaues long,broade,fmooth,greene,and vndeui- J ded; and the leaues vpon the ftalkes greater, longer, and deepely gafhed on either fide, like the leaues of the greater Parfnep,but yet leflcr: the ftalk is aboue a cubite high ,fmooth and hollcwe,with certaine ioints far diftant one from another: out of which ioints growe foorth a couple ofleaues, and in the tops of the ftalks vpon fpoked rundles ftande flowers heaped togither, which are fmall, opening themfelues out of alongand little narrowe necke, of colour whitifh, and wirhall of a light red purple: the roote is an inche thicke growing aflope, faflned on the vpper part of the earth by a multitude of firings, the moftpartof it {landing out of the grounde, of aplea- iant fweete fmeli when it is broken. 2 The greater wilde Valerian hath leaues diuided and iaggcd,as thofeofthe former; thofe about the ftalke hereof arc alfo finooth,hollow,and iointed,and aboue a cubite high:the flowers ftandon fpoked rundles like to thofe of the former,but of a light purple colour: the rootes areflender , and full of firings and lmall cbreds,notaltogither without fmell. 3 The other wiide one is much like in forme to the garden Valerian, but far Iefler: the firfl leaues thereof be vndiuided , the other are parted and cut in funder: the ftalkes a fpan long: the flowers which ftande on fpoked rundles are like to thofe of the others,of alight whitifh purple colour: the rootes be flender,growing aflopc,creeping,and full of fine fmall threds,of little fmell. 4 There is a ftnall Valerian growing vpon rocks and flonie places, that is like vnto the laft deferi- bed/auing it is akogither Iefler. I Valerim HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Vdcrianahortenfis. Garden Valerianpt Settoall. 2 Valeriana, maior (yluejlrii . Great vvilde Valerian. Small Valerian. Mmra 9 5 Vakrzana jfiS THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Valerian a Gracx. Greekifh Valerian. The defcription. 5 The fife fort of Valerian hath diuers (mail hollow dalks, a foote high and fornewhat more, garnifhed with leaues like vnto thofe that doe grow on the vpper pare of the dalks of common Valerian,but fmaller cut or iagged almoft to the middle rib: at the top of the ftaikes do grow the flowers cindering togither, of a blewe colour, ^ confiding offiue leaues a peece, hauing in the middle thereof finall white threds tipped .with yellowe : the feede is finall,growing in little huskes or feede vefiels: the roote is nothing elfe but as it were all of threds. I haue another fort of Valerian, the feede whereof was fent me from that reuerend Phifi. tion Bernard Paladane , vnder the title of Valeri¬ ana Mexican^ hauing fmail tender dalkestrai¬ ling vpon thegrounde, very weake and brittle; whereupon do growe frnooth greenifh leaues like thofe of Corne Sallade ( which we haue fet foorth among the Lettuce,vnder the title Lattu- ca Agmna , or Lambes Lettuce :) among the leaues come foorth the flowers cluftering togi¬ ther, like vnto the great Valerian in forme, but of a deepe purple colour: the roote is verie fmail andthreddie, which perifheth with the red: of the plant, when it hath brough t his feede to ma- turitie or ripenes } and nuilf be iowen anewe the next yeere in Male and not before. There is alfb another fort or kinde of Valerian called by the name Phyteuma, of the learned Phi- fitions ofMontpdier and others (fet foorth vnder the ftocke or kinred ofthe Valerians, refembling the aforefaid Com Sallad,which is called offome Prolifer a,from the Greek title Phyteuma as if you fhould fay,good to make conception, and to procure loue:) the lowed leaues are like thofe of the fmail Valerian, of a yellowifh colour; the vpper leaues become more iagged: the dalkes are an handbill high,on the tops whereof do dande fmail rounde fpokie tufts of white flowers; which be¬ ing pad,the feedcs appeere like fmail rounde pearles, which being ripe, growe to be fornewhat flat, hauing in the middle of each feede the print of an hole, as itweregrauen or bored therein. The roote is finall and fingle, with fome fibres annexed thereto. ^cTheplace. The tird and likewife the Greeke Valerian are planted in gardens; the wiide ones are found in moid places hard to riuers fides,ditches,and waterie pits; yet the greater of thefe is brought into gardens where it flor.rifhethjbut the leffer hardly profpereth. # The time. Thefe flower in Maie,Iune,and Iuly,and mod of the fommer moneths. The names. Generally,the Valerians are called by one name, in Latine Valeriana: in Greeke ft: and in (hops alfo Phu, which for the mod part is ment by the garden Valerian,that is called of Dio tor. in Latine Syhiefriiprruftica Ifardur, of Pliny Tfardus C retie a ^ which names are rather referred to thofeof the next chapter, although thefe be reckoned as wiide kinds thereof rofeerraine in our age Marinella^Amanvlla VaientianafienicuUria,Herba Bene dicta and Theriacarialm mod fhops Valeri¬ ana Domeftica'-oi Theophraftus Parace/fiu Terdina : in high Dutch t in lowe Dutch ^peercrupt,lOKo CttlPtjand Oadnanenn Enghfh Valerian,Capons taile,and Setwall,but vnproperly; for that name belongeth to Zedoana, which is not Valerian : what hathbeene fet downe in the tides (hall feme for the diftinefcions of the other kinds. isThc 919 HISTOfUE OF PLANTS. The temperature. The garden Valerian is hot, as Diofcorrdes faith, but not much, neither the greene roote,butthe dried ones, for the greene is eafely perceiued to haue very little heate, and the dried to be hotter, which is found by the talk and fmell. # T he vertues. ' The dry roote as D/'^<?r/^teacheth,prouoketh vrine, bringeth downe the defired ficknefle, A helpeth the paine in'the fides, and is put into counterpoilons and medicines preferuatiueagainft thepcftilence,as are treacles, mithridates, andfuch like; whereupon ithathbeene had (and is to this day among the poore people ofour northerne parts)in fuch veneration amongft them, that no brothes,pottage,or phificall meates are woorth any thing, if Setwall v/ere not at one end: where¬ upon feme woman poet or other hath made thefe verfes: They that will haue their heale. Mull put Setwall in their keale. It is vied generally in flight cuts,wounds,and (mail hurts. The extra&ion of the rootes giuen, is a molt lingular medicine againflthe difficultie ofmaking water,and theyelloweiaundife. Wilde Valerian is thought of the later Herbarifts to be good for them that are burften, for jflich D as be troubled with the crampe and other conuulfions, and for all thofe that are brufed with piles. The leauesof thefe and alfo thofe of the garden, are good againfl vlcers and forenefle of the E mouth and gums,if the dccodion thereof be gargarized or helde in the mouth. Some holde opinion that the rootes of wilde Valerian dried and powdered, and a dram waight F thereof taken with wine,doth purge vpward and downward. Of ^Mountaine Setwall^or Sfardus. Chap.^i^. 1 Nardus Celtic a. Mountaine Spikenard. S /.. I «K - c r 2 Nar dm Celt tear epens. Creeping mountaine Spikenard. O w $20 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & The defer ipt ion. He Nardui named Celtics, but now Liguflica 2 ^/W#*,flourifheth in high mountaines.The Vallefians in their mother toong call it £<?///£*, that is Saliunca^ neither do I doubt 3 but that it is the fame which Virgil doth fpeake of inthefe verfes, Puniceis humilis quantum Saliunca rofetis, Indicia nollro temtum tibi cedit kMmmtas. For it is a very little herbe creeping on the ground 3 and afterward lifting vp it felfe with a ftalke of a handful! high; whereupon from the lower part growe (mail thinleaues, likethofeof Gnaphalmm or Cottonweede, whitifhand fomewhat yellowifh: vponthe roughnefle of theroote 3 there are many fcales^platted one vpon another ;but vnder the roote there are many browne firings and hai- rie threds jin fmell like the rootes oiABrabacca’m tafle fharpe and bitter. The flowers growe along the vpper branchesjwhite and very fmall. 2 The fecond fort of Spikenard hath many threddie rootes 5 from the which rife vp many fcalie, rougH 3 and thicke flalkes 3 hauing at the top certaine flat hoarie Ieaues 3 growing vpon fmall and ten¬ der footefialkes.The whole plant is of a pleafant fweete fmell. 3 Hirculm. Vrinewoort. Tfardm Montana. Wilde Mountaine Spikenard. & 7 he defeription. 3 Hirculm is a plant very rare, which as yet I neuer fawe, notwithflanding we are greatly behol¬ ding to Carolui Clufm , the father offorren fimples, who finding this plant among many bunches or handfuls ofSpikenardJhath made itknowen vnto poflerity.as he hath done many other rate plants, in mandating of Garcia the Lufitanian phifition 3 hefetteth it forth with alight defcription/ayingjir is a bafe and lowe herbe two hands high 3 bringingfoorth leaues without any flalkes at all. h f/troM "" ' ‘ ^ Mountaine \ historie OF PLANTS. p2 e A Mountaine Spikenard hath a great thicke knobbed roote, fet here and there with fome tender fibres, of a pleafant fwect fmell: from the which come forth three or fower fmooth broad leaues,& likevvife iagged leaues deepely cut, euen to the middle rib 5 among which rife vp naked ftalkes, gar- nifhed in the middle with a tuft of fmail iagged leaues. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalke, vmble or tuft fafhion,like thofe of Fennell.The feede is fmail and chaffie. 5 2 Tjtrdtu Indicx. Indian Spikenard. 6 Tardus ISjir hone?} (is, French Spikenard. ft T he defcription. 5 The Spikenard of India is a !owe plant, growingclofe vnto the grounde ( as doth our Thiflle, which we call Cardent a caulis) compofed of many rough fcaiie cloues, of a pleafant fmell. The roote is fmail and thtejddie. 6 The French Spikenard, being a baffard kinde, groweth clofe vpon the ground like the prece¬ dent,compact of fcilierrough leaues:in the middle whereof commethfoorth a great bufh of rout T h graffe, fharpeandeittting; among the which fhootevp diuers round flalkes. The roote is fmail and threddie. The whole plant is altogither without fmell,which fheweth it to be abaftard kinde of Spikenard. is The place. Thefe plants are ftrangers in England,growing in great plentie vpon the mountaines by Luden- berge and Heluetia,on the rocks among the mofle. The firft and fecond,if mv memorid faile me not, do growe in a field in the north part of England called Crag clofe ,and in the foote of the mountaine called I ngleborrow Fels. • n ft The time. The leaues growe to withering in September, at which time they fmell more pleafantly, than when they flourifhed and were greene. ft The names. is called in Pannonia or Hungarie,of the countrey people Speick, of feme Betzfin, that THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE is,the herbe of Vienna, bicaufe it doth growe there in great abundance, from whence it is brought into other countries: of Gefnerut Saliunca: in Englifh Spikenard: of the Valletians Selhga, and Nardns Celtic a. The temperature and vertues . It mightily pronoketh vrine, as recordeth Rondeletitn, who trauelling through the defart coun- { trie, chanced to lodge in amonafterie,where was a Chanon which could not make his water 3 but A was prefently helped by the decoction of this plant,through the aduife of the faid Rondeletius . QfLarkes heele, or Larkes clam . Qhap.^z6« & 7he kindest There be diners Larkes heeles,{bme wilde,and others of the garden. I Confolida regain fatiua. Garden Larkes heele. 2 Confolidafatiua flore albo> White Larkes fpur. & The defer ipt ion. 1 He garden Larkes fpur hath a rounde item full of branches, let with tender iagged Ieaues, I very like vnto the fmall Sothernwood: the flowers grow alongfl: the ftalks toward the tops of the branches, of a biewe colour, confiding of fine little leaues which grow togither and make one hollowe flower,hailing a taile or fpur at the ende,turning in like the fpur of I oade flaxe. Thefe flowers are fbme times of a purple colour,fomtimes white,murrey, carnation, and of fundry other colours, varying infinitely,according to the foileor countrey wherein they line: after come the feede very blacke, like thofe of Leekes: the roote perifhefli at the fhft approch of winter. 2 The fecond Larke (pur is like the precedent, but fome thing finallerindalkcs and leaues: the flowers are aifo like in £orme,but of a white colour, wherein Specially is the difference. ’ 3 Confolid* HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 9i 3 3 Con folida regtlisflore rubra . Red Larkes fpur. 4 Con folida yegalii fylueflris, Wilde Larkes heele. M ^ The defeription. 3 Larkes fpur with red flowers hath leaues,ftalkes, rootes.and feedes like the others, failing that the flowers heerof are of a brightpurple tending to rednes 3 wherein confifteth the difference. 4 The wilde Larkes fpur hath moft fine iagged Ieaues 3 cut and hackt into diners parts,confufedly fet vpon a fmall middle tendrell: among which growe the flowers 3 in fhape like the others, but a great deale lefter,fomtimcs purple,otherwhiles white ,and often of a mixt colour: the roote is final! and threddie. ft Theplace. Thefc plants are let and fowen in gardens: the laft groweth wilde income fieldes, and where corne hath growen. # The time. They flower for the moft part all fommer long. ft The names, ' Larkes heele is called Flos Regius , of diners Conflida rega'is , who make it one of the confounds or Comfreies: it is alfo called Delphinium, which Diofcorides defcribeth in his rbirde booke, where¬ with it may agree: it is reported by GerardusOi Veltwijck, who remained Legerwith the great Turke from theEmperourc/w'/mhe lift, that thefaide Gerardi aweat Conftantinoplea copie which had in Deiphinio , notIeaues,but flowers like Dolphines ; for the flowers,andefpecially be¬ fore they be perfeded, haueacertainefheweandlikenes of thole Dolphines, which old pidures and armes of certaine ancient families,haue exprefted with a crooked and bending figure or fhape; by which figne alfo the heauenly Dolphin is fet foorth: And it skiileth not, though the Chapter of Delphinium be thought to be falfified and counterfeited; for although it be fome other mans and not Diofcorides , it is notvvithftanding fome one of the oldc writers, out of whom it is taken , and , foifted THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE folded into Dsofcorzdes his bookes; of fo me it is called Bucinmpx. Bucinum: in Englifh Laikes fpur Larkes heele, Larkes toes, Larkes clawe, and Munkeshoode: in -high Dutch that iSyEqustu c^/^Knight (pur: in Italian Sperone: in French Ptcdd’alouette . * The temperature, Thele herbes are temperate,and warme of nature. * : 4 * The vertues. We dnde little extant of the vertues of Larkes heele , either fn the ancient or later writers ’ woorth the writing,or to be credited, for it is fet dovvne that the leede of Laikes (pur drunken is good againd the dinging offcorpionspvhofe vertues are (o forcible, that the herb only thrown be¬ fore thefcorpion or any other venemous bead, cauieth them to be without force or ftrengthto hurt, infomuch that they cannot mooue or dirre vntill the herbe be taken away, with many other filch trifling toies not vvoorth the reading. OfCjith , or JsQgella, Chap, dpi j. & T he kin ties. T’ Here be diners forts of Gith,or Nigella,differing fbrne in the colour of the flowers, others in the doubienes thereof,and in fined of the feede. I MeUnthium. Garden NigeJla. 2 <JMeUnthitm fyluejlre, Wilde Nigella. Thedejcription. He hi d kind of Nigella hath weake and brittle dalkes,of the height of a foote,fuII ofbran- ches,befetwith leaues verie much cut and iagged,refembIingthe!eauesofFumiterra?,but much greener: the flowers grow at the top of the branches,of a vvhkifh blew colour, each . - :::c: flower HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5*25 flower being parted into fine fmall leaues, ftarre fafhion: the flowers being vaded, there come vp (mail knops or heads,hailing at the end thereof fine or fixe little fharpe homes or pointels, and cuery knop or head is diuided into (iindiie fmall cels or partitions, wherein the feede is conteincd, which is of a blackitT^ colour, very like vnto Oinion feede, in tafte iharpe,and of an excellent (iveet fauour. 2 The wildeMigella hath a (freaked (talke a foote or more high, befet full of grayifh leaues,veri'e finely iagged,almofl; like theleaucs of DiI: the flowers are like the former,(aue that they are blewer: thecodi or knops are like the heads or huskesof Columbines , wherein is concerned the fweete and pleafant (ecde,like the former. it 7 he defer 3 The thirde kinde of Nigella^which is both faire and pleafant,called Damaske Nigella, is verie like vnto the wildeNigella in his fmall cut and iagged leaues, but his (hike is longer: the flowers are like the former,but greater,and euery flower hath fine fmall greene leaues vnderhim, as it were to fupportand bcare him vp: which flowers being gone,th£re&icceede and follow knops andfeede like the former,but without (mell or fauour, 4 The fourth kinde of Nigella hath many fmall and (lender (hikes, fet full of (lender and thinne leaues deepely cut or iagged,of a faint yellowifh greene colour: the flowers grow at the top of the (hikes,o( a whitifh colour, and exceeding double, which being vaded, there fucceede bowks or knobs,full of fweete blacke feede like the former: the roote is fmall and tender. it The place. 1 he tame are fowen in gardens: the wilde ones do grow of themfelues among Corne and other graine>in diners countries beyond the feas. it Th e THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE k The time. The feede muft be fowen in Aprill: it flowreth in Inly and Auguft. kThe names. Gich is called in Greek uerMiov : in Latine alfo CMelanthium: in Chops Igjgella^vA Nigella Rem*, via: of diners Gith, and Salujandrta, and fomc among the former baftard names Papauer nignm • hi high Dutch ^)|Dait^ii>nUlU£&t in low Dutch iSattiUg fd£t: in Italian Nigella’: in Spanifft Axenuzf^dlipure: in French Ntelleodorante .-in Englifh Gith,and NigellaRomanayal Cambridge (hire Biflhopswoort: and alfo Dstu Cathannaftos,S'Anu Katherines flower. k The temperature. The feede of the garden Nigella is hot and dry in the third degree,and of thinne parts. k Thevertues. ^ The feed oi'Ngigella Roman a drunke with wine 3 is a remedie againft the fhortncsofbreath, dif- folueth and putreth foorth windines,prouokcth vrine,the menfes,increafeth milke mthe brefts of nurfesifit be drunke moderately, otherwife it is not onely hurtful! to than, but any that take there¬ of too often,or in too gfeat a quantitie. ^ . c U The feede killeth and driueth foorth wormes,whether it be taken with wine or water, or laide to the nauell in maner of a plaifter. T Q The oile that is drawne foorth thereof hath the fame propertie 3 which the vnskilfull Apothe¬ caries do take and vfe in fteede ofoile ofNard,not without great errour. D The feede parched or dried at the fire 5 brought into' powder, and wrapped in apeeceof fine lawneor farcenet,cureth allmurs 3 catarrhes 5 rheumcs,and thepofe,drieth the braine,and reftoreth the fence of fntelling vnto thofe which haue loft it 3 being often finelled vnto from day today, and made warme at the fire when it is vfed. 'Tv £ It taketh away freckles ,fcurfs,&; hard fwellings,being laid on mixed with vineger.To be brief,as Galen faith, it is a moft excellent remedie where there is needeofclenfing,drying,and heating, p It ferueth well among other fweetes to put into fwcet waters,bagges,and odoriferous powders. O/Cocf^e. Pfeudomelanthium. Baftard Nigella,or Cockle. Qiap.^zS. kThe defer ipt ion. Ockle is a common and hurtfull weede in ourCorne, and very well knowne by the name of Cockle, which PenaCdWtthpfcu- domelanthium , and Nigelkfrum , by which names Dodonaw and Fuchfm do alfo terme it; Mutonm calleth it Loliumy and Tragm cdWexh MLichnoides fegetum. This plant hath ftraight, (lender, and hairie ftems,gainifhed with longhairie and gray- ifhleaues, which growetogither by couples, in- clofing the ftalke roundc about: the flowers are of a purple colour,declining to rednefte, conflft- ing of fine final! leaues, in proportion very like to wilde Campions: when the flowers be vaded there follow round knops or heads fill of blackilh foede, like vnto the feede of 2{jgcll, but without any fmell or fauour at all. kTheplace and time. The place of his growing, and time of his fio- wring,are better knowne then defired, k The names. Cockle is called Pfcudo-meianthicm, and 2\T- gella/lrum, wilde or baftarde Njgella ; of Tuckfm Lolium: of Mouton Lichnoid.esJegettim , of 7 ragus Git ha go: in high dutch in low Dutch tOOfCH ♦ in French Tgjelle des Blcdz : HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 9ll I in Englifh Cockle, fielde NigelIa,or wilde Nigella: in Italian Githone , whereupon inoft Herbarifl bein^ mooucd with the likenes of the word,hauc thought it to be the true Gith or Mdanthium^ buc howfar they are deceiued,itis better knowne then needfull tobe confuted: for it doth not onelv differ in leaues from the true Gith,butaIfo in other properties, and yet it is called Githor Meia%~ tbim, and that is of the blacknes of the fcede ;yet not properly,but with a certaine addition,tha t it mav differ fro m the true MeUnthium : for Hippocrates calleth it Melanthmm ex Tntico, ofwheate .* Ottattiu* Horatianus calleth that Gith which groweth amongcorne, and for the fame caufe it is named of the learned of this our time NigelUftrumfi ithago > and PfeudomeUnthium ; Kut/limhiih^ it is called in French Nitle, and Flos Micancalm. •k The temperature. The feedc of Cockle is hot and dry about the later end of the fecond degree. •k T he vertues. The feede made in a peflarie or mother fuppofitorie with honie put vp^ bringeth downe the de- A fired ficknes,as Hippocrates’m his bookeof womens difeafes doth witnes. Ottatiius Hcratianus giueth the feede parched and beaten to powder to be drunke againft the B vellow iaundife. . Some ignorant people haue vfed the feede heereof for the feede of Darnell, to the great danger G of thofe who haue receiued the fame: what hurt it doth among corne,the fpoile vnto bread,as well in colour,tafle,and vnholfomnes,is better knowne then defired. Of Fumitorie. Chap. . k Thekindes. npHere be diners herbes comprehended vnder the title of Fumitorie, fome wilde, and others of **• the garden ,fome with bulbous or tuberous rootes,and others with fibrous or threddie rootesi and firfl of thofe whole rootes are nothing but firings. P*8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The definition. 1 IP Vmitorie is a very tender little herbe; the ftalkes thereof are {lender,hauing as it were little §"d knots or iointsfuliof branches,thatfcarce grow vp from the groimde without proppings, but for the moft part they growefidelong: the leaucs rounde about are fmali, cut on the edges as thofe of Coriander , which as well as the ftalkes are of a whitifh greene: the flowers be made vpincluftersat the tops of the fmali branches, of a red purple colour .-then rife vp huskes, round and little,in which lieth the fmali feeder the roote is flender,and groweth ftraight downe. 2 The fecond kinde of Fumitorie hath many fmali and tender branches, whereupon growe little lagged leaues,in colour,tafte and fafhion hke vnto the former,but much lefter,hauing at the top of the branches many fmali clafpingtendrels, with which it takcthholdevpon hedges, bufhes, and vvhatfoeuer groweth next vnto it: the flowers are fmali and cluttering togither, of a white colour, mixed with a little blew,after which do fucceedecods,conteiningthefeede: the roote is Angle, and of a finger length. 3 Fumaria temtifolU. 4 Fumarialutea. Fine leafed Fumitorie. Yellow Fumitorie. & Thedefiription. 3 The third kind of Fumitorie hath a very fmali root,confifting of diners little firings,from which arife fmali and tender branches,trailing heere and there vpon the grounde; befet with many fmali and tender leaues ,moft finely cut and iaggcd,like the little leaues of Dill, of a deepe greene colour tending to blewnes rthe flowers ftande on the tops of the branches, in bunches or chillers thicke thruft togither,like thofe of the medowe Clauer,or three leafed graffe,of a moft bright red colour, and very beautiful! to behold: the roote is verie fmali and threddie. - . - ~ ' 4 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 . The yellow Fumitorie hath many cramblingthreddierootes,fomewhatthicke,grofle, and fat 5 like thofe of Afiaragut : from which rife diners vprightftalkcs a cubitehigh, diuidmg themfelues towarde the top into other Imaller branches, whereon are confufedly placed leaueslike thofe of rhalicirum or Englifh Rubarbe, but lefler and thinner: alongft the tops of the branches grow yel¬ low flowers,refembling thofeof Sage,which being paft there followeth Imall leede like vnto duft. 5 Fumaria alba Utifolia. * C Fam arid, Utifolia, minor. White broade leafed Fumitorie. Small broad leafed Fumitorie. ft 7 he defeription. 5 The white Fumitorie with broad leaues hath a very fmall roote,deepely thruft: into the ground; from which arife fmall tender branches trailing heere and there vpon the grounde, garnilhed with diuers leaues confufedly fet vpon fhort tendrels or footeftalks,fmooth,very greene of colour, and fet togither by three and three, like vnto theTrefoiles or three leafed grade : among the leaues comefoorth clufters of white flowers, let togither in bunches, relembling a clufter of filbcrd nuts when they are but yoong,of a white colour, tipped at the points with a little light blufh of purple hard tobe difcerned,except it be aduifedly looked vpon. 6 The fmaller broade leafed Fumitorie is like vnto the laft delcribed in each refpedt, failing it is altogitherlefler,wherein onely confifteth the difference. ft The place. The Fumitories do grow in corne fieldes among Barley and other graine, in vineyards, gardens, and fuch like manured places; I founde the Iafb and thirde in number growing in a corne fielde bc- ^weene a fmall village called Charleton and Greenwich. ft The time. Fumitorie is lowen with his flower in the beginning ofMaie, and lo eontinueth to the ende of rommer,then is it the belt time to be gathered to keepe drie or diftill. Nnn i ftTh j>3o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft Thenames. Fumitorie is called in Greeke^^, an dwwiov, andofcen inLatine Fumaria, of Plfaie Capnos • in (hops Fumm terra : in high Dutch (©rtftratlCf): in lovve Dutch ^ 2 tjf£C 0 m/ DtlPUett kernel: in Spanifh Falomtlha : in French and Englifh Fnmiterre. The temperature. Futnitorie is not hot as fome haue thought it to be . but colde and fomething drie 3 itopencth and clenfeth by vrine. it The vertices. A It is good for all them that haue either fcabs or any other filth growing on the skimand for them alfo that haue the French difeafe. B It remooueth (toppings from the liuer and fpleene.it purifieth the bloud.and is oftentimes good for them that haue a quartaine ague. C The decodtionof the herbe is vfed to be giuen, or elfe thefyrupcthatismadeoftheiuicc: the diftilled water thereof is alfo profitable for the purpofes aforefaid. D It is oftentimes boiled in whaie, and in this maner it helpeth in the ende of the fpring and in fom* mcr time thofo that are troubled with fcabs. E paulus c. AEgineta faith.that it plentifully prouoketh vrine. and taketh away the ftoppings of the liuer and feeblenes thereof.that it ftrengthneth the ftomacke and maketh the belly foluble. F Dlo/cor/des affirmeth.that the iuice of Fumitorie,of that which groweth among Barley.as neta addeth.with gum Arabicke.doth take away vnprofitable haires that prick the eies,growing vp- on the eie lids. the haires that pricke being fiift plucked away, for it will not differ others to growe in their places. G 1 The deco&ion of Fumitorie drunken.driueth foorth by vrine and fiege.ail hot. cholerick 3 burnt, and hurtfullhumours.and is a moft Angular digefter of fait and pituitous humours. Of bulbm Fumitorie y or Hollow roote . (jbap 430 , ieThefandes. "T’Here be diners forts of Hollow rootes.fbmegreater.otherslefler. fbmeof one colour and cli* **■ mate.and others ofdiuersmixed.asfhall be declared. *&The defeription. t 'T He Ieaues of great Hollow roote are iagged and cut in funder.as be thofe of Coriander, of 1 a light greemfh colour, thatistofay, like the gray colour ofthe Ieaues of Columbine. ^ whereunto they be alfo in forme like., but leffer: the ftalkes be finooth, rounde. andflender, an handfull long; about which, on the vpper part ftande little flowers orderly placed. long, with a little home at the ende,like the flowers ofToade flaxc.ofa light red tending to a purple colour: the ieedeliethin flat cods, very foft and greenifhwhcn it is ready to yeelde vp his blacke fhining ripe feede: the roote is bumped or bulbus.hollowe within, and on the vpper part prefled downefom- what flar.couered ouer with a darke yellow skin or barke. with certaine firings faftned thereto.and of a bitter and auftere tafte. 2 The fecond is like vnto the firft in each reipedl. fauing that it bringeth flowers of a white co¬ lour .and the other not fo. 3 Thefmall purple Hollow roote.hath rootes.leaues, ftalkes. flowers, andfeedes, like vnto the precedent.the efpeciall difference is.that this plant is fom what leffer. 4 The final! white Hollowe roote likewife agreeth with the former in each refpcdl, fauing that this plant bringeth white flowers.and the other not fo. ■ 1 Radix I 1udix cant mator purpurea. Great purple Hollow roote HISTORIC OF PLANTS. - m. 2 Radix caua mator alba. Great white Hollow roote. 3 Radix caua minor purpurea. Small purple Hollow roote. 4 Radix caua minor alba. Small white Hollow roote. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Radix ca ua purpurea vat teg at a. 6 Radix caua alba variegata. Purple Hollow roote of two colours. White Hollow roote diuerfly mixed. •k Tbe deferiptio/t. 5 Thiskindc of Hollow roote is alfo like the 1 aft deferibed, failing that the flowers heercof arc mixed with purple and white,which maketh it to differ from the others. 6 There is not any difference that is poflible to be diftinguifhed from the laft deferibed, fauing that the flowers hecrcof are of a mixt colour, white and purple, with fomc yellowe in the hollow- nes of the fame, wherein confifteth the difference from the precedent. 7 This thin leafed Hollow roote,hath likewife an hollow roote, couered ouer with a yellow pil¬ ling,of the bignes of a tennice ball: from which fhoote vp Ieaues fpred vpon the ground, verie like vnto the Ieaues of Columbines,as well in forme as colour,bu t much thinner, more iagged, and al- togither lefler: among which rife vp fmall tender ftalkes, vveakc, and feeble, of anhandfullhigh, bearing from the middle thereof to the top very'finc flowers, fafhioned vnto one peece of the Co¬ lumbine flower, which refeinbleth a little birde of a purple colour. 8 This other thin leafed Hollow root is like the precedent, fauing that this plantbringeth foorth white flowers tending to yellownes,or as it were the colour ofthe field Primrofe. 9 35 unttp&gn$ the Dutch men do call it, hath many fmall iagged Ieaues growing immediately from the ground.-among which rife vp very {lender ftalkes, whereon dogrowe fuch Ieaues as chofe nexr the groundron the top of the branches ftand faire purple flowers,like vnto the others of his kinde, fauing that the flowers hcereof are as it were fmall birdes, the bellies or lower parts wherof,are of a white colour,wherein it differeth from all the reft of the Hollow rootes. 10 The laft and fmall Hollow roote is like the laft deferibed,fauing that it is altogither lefler, and the flowers hcerof arc of a grecne colour,not vnlike in fhape to the flowers of Cinkfoile. 7 Radi* HIsTORIE Or PLANTS. 7 Radix cxtix tenuifolia purpurea. Purple Hollow roorc with thin Jcaues. P33 8 Radix cam tenuifolia alba. White Hollow roote with thin Ieaues. Radix caua minor. Bunnikcns Holwort 5 or Hollow roote* 1 0 Radix caua minima viridijlore . bmal Bunmkens Hoiworc with green flowers.’ ■r.' v v.y ,~ r r ‘4. id T , # Theplace. I ' he S.P' a '’tsdogroV a bouthcdges ) bramble5, and in the borders of fieldesand vineyardes,ir I f Cern1anlcandc , he l°'vscountries, neuerthelefie the twofirft, and alii t . two lattaelcribea do grow in my garden, - Nnn 3 in and alfo %Tfa $$4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it The time. Thefe do flower in March', and their feeds is ripe in Aprill: the leaues and ftalkes are gone i Maie,and nothing remaining fane onely the rootes,fo little a while do they continue. it The flames. Hollow roote is called in high Dutch ]j)0UDUtft? X in low Dutch |) 00 it 530 ^ttlCj,thar is, Radix ca tia • in Englifh Hollow roote,and Holewoort : it is vfed in fhops in fteede of osfr ijlolochia ,or roun Birthwoort,which errrour is better knowne then needfuil to be confuted: and likewife their error is apparant,who rafhly iudge it to be Pifiolochiapi little Birthwoort. It fhoulde feeme the old wri ters knew it not,forfome haue made it Leontopetali fpeciempx a kind of lions Turnep;others£r^/ ; & others fbm Thejium, moft men Capnos chelidoniant feemeth to a gree with Leontcpetalonpx bulbe rootes,and fbmewhat in leaues, but in no other refpedts, as Diofcorides and Pliny do teftifie. And Eriphium haue his name tS' that is to fay, of the fpiing, then this roote may be not vnpre perly Eriphium,and Feris Plant a pi the plant of the fpring: for it is euident that it appeereth andi greene in the fpring onely: fome thinke it hath beene called Eriphium ah Hcedo, or of the goat; bi this Eriphion is quite another plant, as both *^Apuleius writeth , and thatbooke alfomentionet which is attributed to Galen., and dedicated to Paternianus . In the booke which is dedicated to Pi ter wanm , there be read thefe vvordes; Eriphion is an herb which is found vpon high mountaines,' hath leaues like Smallage,a fine flower like the Violet, and a roote as great as an Onion: it hat! likewife other rootes which fend foorth rootes after rootes. Whereby it is euident that this root whereof we intreat is not this kinde of Eriphium at all, for Eriphium howfoeuer the ancients bau foifted this long difeourfe ofcontrouerfies ,is the felfe fame bulbe mentioned in the firft part of ou hiftorie by the name Gladiolus, which is alfo called Eriphium , and Zyphium. Concernirig Thefmi the old writers haue written bur. little: Theophrajlm faith,that the roote thereof is bitterand beinj fbrnped purge th the belly \Plmy in his 2i.booke 17. chapter fheweth that theroote whichis cal led Thefmm is like the bulbed plants,and is rough in ta Re'.Athenaus citing Timachida for an autho faith,that Thcfium is called a flower, ofwhich Ariadna garland;was made. Thefe things feeme wd to agree with Rollow roote; for it is bumped or bulbous, of tafte bitter and auftere., or fomethinj rough; which is alfo thought to purge: but what certainty can be affirmed, feeing the olde writer, are lo briefe ? What maner ofherbe Capnos chtl/donia is, which groweth by hedges,and heerupoi is furnamed v&w-™, rActius doth not expounde, onely the name thereof is founde in his fecondi Tctrab. the thirde booke, Chapter no. in Martiinushis Coliynum , and in his Tetrab. ^.booki 2. Chapter,among fuch things as ftrengthen theliuer.But if Capnos chelidonia be that which plin in his 2 5.booke,chaper 13. doth call Prima Capnos, or theft iR Capnos, and commendeth it forth) dimnes of the eics,it is plaine inough that Radix cana , or the Hollow roote, is not Capnos ChelitL nia : for Plinics Rid Capnos is branched, and fouldeth it felfe vpon hedges; but Hollow roote hatf no fuch branches growing on it, and is a lowe herbe, and is not helde vp with props,nor needed them. But if Aetna his Capnos chelidonia he an other herbe differing from that of Phnie , ( whief thing perchance was the caufewhy it fhould be furnamed cheltdonia) there is fbme reafonwhyi fhoulde be called Capnos chelidonia , for it is fomewhat like Fumitorie in leaues ,though greater,anc commcth vp at the firft fpring,which is about the time when the Swallowes do come in; neuerchc iefte.it doth not follow , that it is true and right Capnos Chelidonia ; for there be alfo other herbe; camming vp at the fame feafon,and penfh in fhort time after, which notvvithflanding are not cal led cheltdonia. ' - ■ it The temperature. Hollow roote is hot and dry, yet more drie then hot, that is to fay, dry in the thirde degree anc hot in the fecond;it bindcth,cienfeth and fomwhat wafteth. it The vertues. « Hollow root is good againft old and long lafting fwellings of the almonds in the throte, and 0 ^ the iawcs:it likewife preuaketh againft the paincs of the Hemorrhoides,which are fwoln and pain fulljbeing mixed with the ointment of Popular buds,called Fng. Populeon. „ It is reported 3 that a dram waight heereof being taken inwardly, doth purge by ftegc,and draw ^ cth foorth fleemc. / .v*v.y-^ '* rfI ' ’ ‘ r } ' riiT J! V* r < qU I*- 9t 5 ' HIS TOR IE OP PLANTS, 1 'v /■ ; Of (jolumhims . Cbap.fau l Afiilegia carulea. ... 2 Aqtiile/a rubra. Blew Columbines, ’ Red Columbines. & The defeription. I 'HpHeblew Columbine hath leaues like the great Celandine,but(bmwbat rounder,indented on the'edges, parted into diuers fedtionsof ablewifh greene colour, which being broken yeelde foorth little iuice or none at all: the ftalke is a cubite and a halfe high, (lender, red- :lifh,and (leightly haired: the (lender (prigs whereof bring foorth euery one, one flower with fine ittlehollowe homes,as it were hanging foorth, with (mail leaues (landing vprighc,of the (hapeof jttfebirds: chefe flowers are ofcolour fometimes blewe, at other times of a red or purple, often vhite,or ofmixt colours,which to dift inguifh (euerally woulde be to (mall purpose, being things (o iamiliarlyknownetoallj after the flowers growe vp coddes, in which is conteined little blacks md glittering feede: the rootes arethicke, with (ome (brings thereto belonging, which continue nany yeercs. t The (econd doth not differ fauing in the colour of the flowers, for like as the others are defen¬ ded to be blew,fo thefeare of a purple red,or horle flefh colour,which maketh the difference. \ The double Columbine hath ftalkes,leaues, and rootes like the former: the flowers heerof are ? ery double, that is to fay,many of thofe little flowers (hauing the forme of birds)are thruflrone in- o the belly of another, lomtimes blew,often white,and otherwhiles of mfxt colours, as nature ’ill: pplaie with hir little ones, differing io infinitely that to diltinguifli them apart, woulde require poie time then were requifite to leefe: and therefore it lhali (iiftice what hath beenefaide for their leferiptions. . - ’ Nnn 4 3 Ajtiuizj / 93 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Acju'tlina multiplex. Double Columbines. & The place. They are let and fowen in gardens for the beau, tie and variable colours of the flowers. •ft The time. They flower in Maie,Iune,and Iuly. # The names. Columbine is called of the later Hcrbariftcs Aquileia , Aquilina^nd. Aquilegta : of Cofiem Vc~ thos,o£ Gefneru* Leontoflamum , of Dalecamptm of Louaine, Ieuiiflos : of fome Herb a Leonis , or the herbe wherein the Lion doth delight : in high Dutch S&lep: in low Dutch £Me)Tlt;in French Ancoiles : in Englifh Col umbine. ii The temperature. Columbines are thought to be temperate be» tweene heate and moifture. ie The vertues . Notwithftanding what temperature or ver¬ tues Colombines haue , is not yet fumriently knowne ; for they are vfed efpecially to decke the gardens of the curious, garlandes,and houfes: neuerthelefle Tracts* writetb, thatadram waight of the feede 3 with halfe a fcruple or ten graines oi faffron giuen in wine 3 is a good and effe&uail me¬ dicine for the flopping of the liuer 3 and the yellow iaundife; but faith he, that whofo hath taken it muft bee well couercd with clothes 3 and then fweatc. B Moft do attribute vn to it the vertues ofwildeOtesj others ofCentory, but rafhly and without any reafon^moft in thefedaies following others by tradition, dovfe toboilethe leaues in milke againft the forenes of the throte, falling & excoriation of the vuula: but the ancient writers hauc faide nothing heerof: Ruellim reporteth, that the flowers of C-olumbines are not vfed in medicine, yetfome there be that do affirme they are good againft the ftoppingof the liuer 3 which effed the kaues do alfo performe. Of IVormemod. Chap.^z. it Thektndes . ■^ppHere be diuers forts ofWormewood 3 one with broade leaues that excelleth the reft: ofha two haue flnaller and (tenderer leaues, the reft are baftard kinds: Diofcorides maketh mention o: three forts of Wormewood, Ponticum^Sertphium^nA Santonicum , which are to be referred to the former kindes. 'k The dejcription. 2 /-T* 5 He firft kindc being our common and beft knowne Wormewood, hath leaues of a grayifl 1 cclour,very much cut or iagged,and very bitter; the ftalkes are of a woodie fubftance twe cubites high,and full of branches,alongft which do grow little yellowifh bottons, whercir is found frpall ieede like the feede of Tanfey,but fmaller: the roote is likewife of a woodie fubftance and full of fibres. * » The fecond kinde of Wormwood bringeth foorth {lender ftalkes about a foote high or fome what more,garnifhed with leaues like the former,but much lefler, and cut or iagged into moft fim andftnallcutsor diuifions: the flowers are like the former, hanging vpon fmallftems with theii head: HIS TOR IE OF -PLANTS. P 37 heads downward: the rootes arc whitifh, fmall and many, crawling and crambling one ouer ano¬ ther and thereby infinitely doincreafe, offauourlefTeplearant then the common Wormewoode. Some haue termed this plant ^AbfnthiumJmntonicum , but they had (lender reafon (o to do : for ifit ' was fo called bicaufe it was imagined to growe in the prouince of Santoinge; it may very well ap- peere to the contraryjfor in the Alpes of Galatia a countrey in Mia minor groweth in great plen¬ ty 3 and therfore may rather be called GAhtininSardomcum^ and not Santonicum: but ieauing contro- uerfies impertinent totheHiftory, it is thePonticke Wormewood of GW^/defcription, andfo holden of the learned Paludane, who for his Angular knowledge in plants, is woorthie triple honor^ and likewife manie others. I Abfnthium Unfolium flue pontic um. Broad leafed Wormwood. f 2 Abfnthium temifoUum ponticum Golem. Small Ponticke Wormwood. The place. This broad leafed Wormewood delighteth to grow on rockes and mountaines, and in vntilled places*,it groweth much vpondry bankes,icis common euery wherein all countries; thebeft faith Diofcorides is founde in Pontus, Cappadocia, and on mount Taurus; Pliny writeth that Ponticke Wormwood is better then that of Italie , Ouid in theie words doth declare that Ponticke Worms- wood is extreme bitter : i • Turpi a deformesgignunt a bfnthia campt, Terraque defuciuquamft away a docet. Vntilled barren ground the filthy lothfbme Wormwood yeelds 3 And knowne its by the fruite how bitter are the fieldes. And Bellonius in his firft booke of Angularities chap. 7 6 . doth fnewe, that there is aho a broade leafed Wormwood like vnto ours growing in the prouinces of Pontus,and is vfed in Conftantino- pie by thePhifitioiis there; it is likewife founde in certainecoldecountriesof Switzerlande,which by reafon of the chilnefle of the aire rifeth not vp,but creepeth vpon the ground, wher upon diners callit creeping Wormwood. *7 he THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE ft 'The time. The little flowers and (eedes are perfited in Iuly and Auguft,then may Wormwood be gathered and laid vp for profitable vfes. { ft The names. / It is called iaGreeke^' 6 *' 51 '-' it is named oiApuletus Abfinthiwn rujlicumpouwxxty Wormwood, or pefants Wormwood;we haue named it ^Abjinthinm latifolium^tozd. leafed Wormwood, that it may differ from the reft: the interpreters of the Arabians call the better fort, which Diofio- rtdes nameth Ponticke Wormwood, Kom.num Abfotbtum ,Romaine Wormwood, and after theic the barbarous Phifitions of the later age : the Italians name Wormwoode Atf**fi ; the Spaniards Axenxics , Ajfenfios , moftof them Donzell: the Poitingales Alofna: in high Dutch < 2 (£UtCttniUt 3 tUSlCtniUt % in French Aluyne; in Englifh common Wormwood. yiff or 1 nmauclL, a fingular Phifition, in his pradife tooke it for Abfinthium Pont! cum. ft 7 hetemperature . Wormwood is of temperature hot and dry,hot in the fcconde degree, and dry in the thirde: It is bitter and clenfing,and likewife hath power to binde or fallen, ft T he vertues. It is very profitable to a weake ftomackc that is troubled with choler, for it clenfech it thorough hisbitternes , purgeth by fiege and vrine : byreafon of the binding quality, it ftrengrhneth and comforteth the ftomacke,but helpeth nothing at all to remooue fiegnie contained in the ftomackc as addeth. B ^If it be taken before a furfeit itkeepeth it off,and remooneth lothfomnes,faith Biofcorid.es : and it helpeth not onely before a furfeit, but alfo it quickly ref refheth theftomacke and belly after large eating and drinking. C It is oftentimes a good remedie againft long and lingering agues, efpecially tertians: for it doth not onely ftrengthen the ftomackc and make an appetite to meate, but it yeeldeth ftrengthtothc liner alio,and riddeth it of obftrii&lons or ftoppings,c!enfing by vrine naughtie humours. D Furthermore Wormwood is excellent good for them that vomite bloud from the fpieene, the which hapneth when the fpieene being ouercharged & filled vp with grofte bloud doth vnburden it felfe, and then great plenty of bloud is oftentimes caft vpby vomite. It hapneth likewife that ftorc of black & corrupt bloud mixed with excrements pafiech downwards by the ftooIe,& it oftentimes hapneth that with violent and large vomiting theficke fnan faintethorfwoUneth , or when he is reuiued doth fall into a diFfi :ulc and almoft incurable tympanie,eipecial!y when the difeafe doth of¬ ten happen 5 but from thefe dan gers Wormwood can de'iucr him, if when he is refrefhed after vo- niite a id his ftrength any way recoiiered,he (hall a good while vfe it, in what maner foeuer he him- felfefhallthinke good. E A’fine,Wo me wood voideth iwiythewormesoftheg its,not onely taken inwardly , but ap¬ plied outwardly: it withftandeth all putrifadlions; it is good againft a (linking breath j it keepeth garments alfo from the Mothes; it drmeth away gnats, the bodie being annomted with the oyle thereof. F Likewife it is fingular good in pultefies and fomentations to binde and to dry. G Befides all this Dofondes declareth,that it is good alfo againft windines and griping paines of the ftomacke and belly,with Seleli and French Spikenard: the decodtion cureth the yellowe iaun- dife or the inftifion,if it bedrunke thrife a day fome ten or n\ elue (ponfuls at a time. > H It helpeth them that are ftrangled with eating of mullir umes,or toad ftooles, ifit be drunke with vineger. 1 And being taken with wine,it is good againft the poifon of Miftletow, and of Hemlocke, and againft tl le biting of the fhrew moufe,and of the fea Dragon, it is applied to the (quincie or inflam¬ mations of the throre with hony and niter, and with water to night wheales, and with honyto fwartifh markes that come vpon brufes. K It is applied after the fame maner to dim eies,and to mattering eares. L loach tmm Camer arias - f Horemberg commendcth it greatly againft the iaundife, giuing of the flowers of Wormwood,Rofcmarie, Sloes,ofeach a (mail quan tine, and a little Saffron, boiled in wine,the body firft being purged and prepared by the learned Phifition. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 919 Offmall leafed Wormwoodftohich is called‘Romane Wormwood. Chap.^y ^ibfnthium tenuifoliumfeu Romanum . Romifh Wormwood. The defeription. S Mall leafed Wormwood bringerh foorth very many little branches 5 flender,a fpan or afootehigh,fulIoflcaues, lefTe by a great dealej and tenderer then the former, moft finelie and nicely minced : the flowers like thofe of the former, hang vpon the little branches and fprigs: the rootes are final creeping ouerthwart-, from whence do rife a great number of yoong fprouts: this Wormwood alfo is fbmewhat white , and lefTe bitter a good deale then the broad leafed one,and hath not fo ranck,or fo vn- pleafant a fmell 5 but rather deiightfuil. "fy The face. Itgroweth plentifully in Myfia,Thracia,Hun» garic, and Auftria, and in other regions neere adjoining $ it isalfofoundein Bohemia, and in many vntilied places of Germanie; it is a gar- den plant iri the low Countries 5 and in England. The time. It bringeth foorth flowers and feede in Au- tumneta little while after when winter commeth the herbewithereth away, but the roote remai- neth aline , from which, leaues and ftalkes do come againe in the fpring. it The names. It is commonly called Abfinthium Romanum ;& in low dutch B.001tlfCl)C SUfCltPjby which name it is known to very many Phifitions& apothecaries who vfe this in fteed of Pontick Wormwood; furthermore it hath a leafe and flower farre lefTe then the other Wormwoods rlikewifethefmellofthisisnotonelypleafant, blit it yeeldeth alio a fpicie fent, whereas all therefthauea ftrongand lothfome fmcll: and this Pontick Wormwood doth differ from that which Diofcorides commendeth, for Dtoforides his Pontick Wormwood is ac¬ counted among them of the firftkinde, or of broad leafed Wormwood i which thing alfo Galen affirpethinhis fixtbookeof the faculties of medicines, in the chapter of Sothernwood. There be three kinds of Wormwood(faith he) whereof they vfe to call one by the general) name, and that is elpeciallv Pontick: whereby it is manifeft that Galen in this place hath referred Pontick to no other then to the firft Wormwood; and therefore many not without caufe maruell,that Galen hath writ¬ ten in his booke of the method of curing,how Pontick Wormwood is lefle in flower &leafe ; ma¬ nic cxcufe him,and lay the fault vpon the corruption of the booke,and in his 9. booke of Methode the lefler they would haue the longer. Therefore this Wormewood with the lefler leafe is not the richtPonticke Wormwood, neither againe the Arabians Romaine Wormwood, who haue no other Roiraine thcnPonticke Wormwood of the Grecians. Alfo many beleeue that this is called SantoKicu v n^ but this is not to be fought for in Myfia, Thracia, or other countries Ea Award, hut in Fraunce beyond the Alpes, if we may beleeue Diofcorides his copies: there be that woulde haue it growe not beyond the Alpes ofltalv, but in Galatia a countrey in Afia , and in the region of the Sardines,which alfo is the lefler Afia, whereupon it was called in Greeke which was chan¬ ged into the name Santonicum through the errour of the tranfhtors: Diofcorides his copies keepe the word S ar don,iam ,and Gale ns copies Santonicum > which came to pofteritv as it feemeth; T t is cal- 94° the second booke of the !ed in Englifh finail leafed Wormwood, Romainc Wormwood, garden or Cypres Wormwood and French Wormwood. J 5 ^ The temperature. Small leafed Wormwood is of facultie hot and‘dry 3 it is bitter alfo, butleflc a good deale then the broad leafed one 3 the greateft force it hath is in binding, ^ The vertues. The faculties are referred vnto the common Wormwood. Offea Wormwood. I Abjinthium marinum album. 2 Abjinthium marinum loti folium. White lea Wormwood. Broad leafed fea WnrmwnM ' ti&ii *V The defeription. 1 He white fea Wormwood(which Pena and L'ObeltuecdW Abjinthium Ponticum^ox Triden* J timm , Dodonaue in hislaft Edition Seriph/um ) hath many Jeaues cut and diuided into infinite fine iagges 3 like thofe ofSothernvvood, of a white hoariecolour andftrong fmell, but not vnpleafant: among which rife vp tough hoarie ftalkes let with the like leaues, on the top whereof do grow fnali yeliowifh flowers: the roote is tough 3 and creepcth farre abroad 3 by mcanes whereof it greatly inaeafejh. 2 The broad leafed lea Wormwood hath very many foft Ieaues, growing dole by the groundc* of a darke fwart colour jnothing fo finely cut or iagged as the other of his kinde: the flowers gtowe vpon the tops of the ftalkes of a yeliowifh colour: the roote is tough and creeping. ik The place. Thefe Woormwoods do growe vpon the railed grounds 'inthefaltmarfhes neere vnto the fea, m HIS TO R IE OF PLANTS. 5>4t in mod places of England ; which being brought into gardens doth there flourish as in his natural place, and retaineth his (mell,taftejand naturall qualifiers hath beene often prooued, : itThe time. Thcfc bring foorth flowers and feedes,when the other Wormwoods do. #7 he /tames. Sea Wormwood is called in Greeke «4t Wior duKu'xnov: in Latinc <^fbfinthiummarimim, and like- wife Seriphium: in Dutch 0d' SUfCUCiofdiners Santomcum ,as witnefierh Diofcorides: neuerthelefle there is another SantonicHm differing from lea Wormwood : inEnglifh of fome women of the countrey,garden Cyprefle. # The temperature. Sea Wormwood is of nature hot and dry. it Thevertues. J?/^rA^raffirmcth,that being taken of it fe!fe,or boiled with Rice,and eaten with hony,kilIech A the fmall wormes of the guts,and gently loofeth the belly 5 the which Pliny alfo doth affirme. The iuice of fea Wormwood drunke with wine reddeth poifon, elpecially the poifon of Hem- B lockes. Theleaues (lamped with figs,faltpeter,and the meale of Darnell 5 and applied to the bellie, fidCs, C or flanckes,helpeth the drop fie, and fuch as are fplenitike. The fame is Angular againd all inflammations, andheateof the ftomacke and liuer, exceeding D all the kinds of Wormwood for the fame purpofes that common Wormwood ferueth. It is reported by fuch as dwell neere the (ea fide ,that the cattle which do feed where it groweth B become fat and lufly very quickly. The herbe with his (Hikes laid in chedes,prcdes, and wardrobs, keepeth clothes from mothes F and other verminc. ^ 1 q » 1 - Of holie Wormwood* Chap. 4 . 35 . Sementina. Holie Wormwood. The defer iption. T 'His Wormwood called Sementin&fe Semen fanttwn, which we haue Englifhed Holie, is thatkindeof Wdrmvvood which bearech that feede which we haue in vfe, called Worm- feeder in fhoppes Semenfantolinnm ; about which there hath been great controuerfieamongd wri¬ ters, lome holding that the feede of Santomcum Galatium to be the true Wormfeede, others dee¬ ming it to be that of Romanum Abfinthiumdvi doth nuiche rcfemble the firde of the (ea Worm¬ woods in fhape and proportion: it rifeth vp with a woodie dalke,of the height of a cubite, diuided into diners branches and wings; whereupon are fet very fmall leaues, among which are placed cinders of feede in fuch abundance, that to the fird view it feemeth to be a plant confiding all of feede * it ThepUce. It is a foraine plant, the feedes being fowen in the gardens of hot regions do proper well; in thefecolde countries it will not growe at all. Ne- uerthefie there is one or two companions about London , who haue reported vnto me that they had great dore of it growing in their gardens yeerely, which the^ fokie ar a great price vnto our \ London 94* THE second booke of the London Apothecaries, and gained-much money thereby; one of the men dwelleth by the Bagge and Bottle neere London 3 whole name is Cornxeale, into whole garden I was brought to lee the thing that I would not beleeue; for being often tolde that there it did growc,1 ftill perlifted it was not true : but when I did behold this great quantitie of Wormwood, it was nothing elfe but com¬ mon (-Ameos. How many Apothecaries haue beene deceiucd,how many they haue robbed of their money,and how many children haue beene nothing the better for taking it, I referre it to the judge¬ ment of the limpleft, confidering their ownereport, to haue folde manie hundreth poundes waightofitjthemoretotheirflaamebeitlpoken, and the Idle wit or skill in the Apothecaries; therefore haue I fet downe this as a caueat vnto thofe that buic ofthefe feedes,firft to tafte and trie the fame before they giue it to their children,or commit it to any other vfe, it The time. It flowreth and bringeth foorth his leedc in Iuly and Auguft. f it The names. The French men call it Barbotine: the Italians Semen z,ena' whereupon alio the Latines name i tScmcntwa.: the feede is called euery where Semen fanfiim, Holieleede, and Semen contra Lum. br/cosdn Englifh Wormleed; the herbe itfelfc is alfo called Wormleed,or Wormfeedwoort;fomc name it Semen Zedoaru, Zedoar feed. it The temperature. This feed is very bitter,and for that caufe of nature hot and dry. it Thcvertues. ^ It is good againft wormes of the belly and intrailes, taken any way, and better alio ifa little Rheubarbe be mixt withall, for fo the wormes are not onely killed, btitlikewife they arc driuen downe by the fiege,which thing muft alwaies be regarded. The feed mixed with a little (-Aloes [uaotrine$xi& brought to the forme of a plaifter,and applied to the nauell of a childe doth the like 0 rflftC ' ' . T • ■ *■ . . V. ».1 Offorrein and baslard Wormwoods » Chap. 3^6. it Thekindes. . There be diuers forts of forrein Wormwoods, as fhall be declared in this prelent Chapter, V . . 1 t VjK hdsf rTi^ .-ti it The defeription. t ►nr 4 Ree Wormwood, Pena that painfull Herbarift hath delcribcd, which the ancient writers haue not mentioned, to haue a truncke or ftocke growing to the height of three or fower cubits,of a woodie fubftance like vnto the Hollihocke, diuiding or branching it felfc into fundryarmes toward the top,fetfull of fmalliaggedleaues, not much vnlike the Pine tree, butof an hoarie colour, and ranke Irnell: the flowers and feedes are like vnto the common Wormc- woode. 2 eAbfmthium albumhith. ftraight and vpright llalkes, a cubite and a halfe high, belet with broad leaues,but verie deepely cut or douen,in fhewe like vnto Mugwoort: at the top of the ftaliks do growe finall flowers ftarre fafhion, compadof lixefmallleaues: the roote is long with fomc fibres annexed vnto it. - I Abfnthium J HISTORIE OF PLANTS. l Abfinthium arbor efccns. Tree Wormwood. 2 c ,Abfinthium album. White Wormwood. Wormwood of Egypt. & Vnfauorie Wormwood. S44 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •&The defeript ion. 3 This kinde of Wormwood Gefnertu and that learned A pothecarie ValerandusDonroz , called i^fbfenthium Egypt urn, but L'Obelms ^ibjlnthum Ponticumfind Trident iunm y do differ verie little in fhape and fhew one from another; yet all fuch differences a$ there are be knowneanddifcerned by the place and countrey where they grow -.the leaues of this plant are verie like to the Ieaues of Trichomanes) which is our common Maidenhaire,of a white colour, euery fmall Ieafe {landing one oppoflte againfl another,and of a ftrong fauour. 4 This Wormwood which Dodonaus callcth Abfinthium inodorum^d Infpidum , is very like vnto the fea Wormwood, in his ftriall and tender leaues: theftalke beareth flowers alfo like vnto the forefaide Sea wormwood, but it is of a fad or deepe colour, hauing neither bitter tafte, nor any fa. uour at all, whereupon it was called and that very fitly Abfinthium inodorttm , or Abfinthium infepi- dum : in Englifli foolifh,or vnfauory wormwood. 5 i^/fbfinthium marinum^Abrotoni'feemina facie. Mugwoort Wormwood. & The defer ipt ion. 5 This kinde of fea Wormwood isafhrubbie and woodie plant, in face and fhewe like to Mug¬ woort, of a ftrong fmell j hauing flowers like thofe of the common wormwood, at the firft fhewe like thofe of Lauander cotton: the rooteis tough and woodie. •^Theplace. Thefc plants are ftrangers in England, yet we haue forne fewe of them in the gardens of Her- barifts. •fe The time. The time of their flowring and feeding is re¬ ferred to the other wormwoods. # The names. The white Wormwoode Conradus Gefnerus nameth Seriphium fernina , and faith, that it is commonly called Herbaaiba , or white Herbe ; an other had rather name it Santonicum , for a sDiof corides faith Santonicum is founde in Fraunce be- yonde the Alpes, and beareth his name of the countrey where it groweth: but that part of Swift fcrland which belongeth to Fraunce is accounted of the Romaines to be beyond the Alpes; and the prouince of the San tons is fat from it: for this is a part of Guines feituated, vpon the coaft of the Ocean, beneath the flotide Gcrond northward: therefore Satiton wormwood ifit haue'his name from the Santons, groweth farre from the Alpes, but if it growe neere. aHioining to the Alpes, then hath it not his name of the Santons. Yww ■ " ^ '& The temperature and verities^ White wormwood is hot and fomewhat drie. Vnfauorie Wormwood as it is without fmell and tafte, fo is it fcarfe of any hot qualitie, much ieflehathitany fcouringfacultie, thefe are not vfed in Phificke where theothers may be had, be¬ ing as it were wilde or degenerate kindes of Worm wood 3 fbmoof them participating both of the forme and fmell of other plants. I < ' HIST ORIE OF PLANTS. S>45 Of ^Kfugmort. Chap . 4 . 37 . E .' »t* ■ > ^ Thekindes • There be diuers forts ofMugwoorts 5 as fhallbe declared. 1 Artemijid mater Herbarum* Common Mugwoort. a i^frtentifia tenuifolia. Thinne leafed Mugwoort. & The definition, 1 npHefirftkindeofMugwoort hathbroad leaues., very much cut or clouen, like the leaues of common wormwood,butfinaller,ofa darke greene colour aboue, and hoarie vnderneath: the ftalkes are long and ftraight,and full of branches, whereon do grow fmall rounde but¬ tons which are the flowers ,fmelling like Marierome when they waxe ripe: the roore is great and of a woodie fubftance. 2 The feconde kinde of Mugwoort hath a great thicke and woodie, roote; from whence arife lundrie braunches of a reddifh colour, belet full of fmall and fine iagged leaues, very Hkcvnto fcaSothernwood: the feed groweth alongft the fmall twiggie branches, like vnto little berries, which fall not from their branches,in a long time after they be ripe. $ There is another Mugwoort of the foa ; that hath leaues like vnto fea Purflane, thick,fat, and oi!e- ous,ofa grayifh colourramong which rifeth vp a ftalkc two cubits high,diuiding it felfe into limdrie branches, befet full of fmall and barren flowers, like fea wormwood : the roote is thicke and of a woodie fubftance. O 00 i 3 ArtcmifiA THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Artemifa marina. Sea Mugwoort. so % S S & The defeription. There is alfo another Mugwoort,which hath many branches rifing from a woodie rootcj landing vpright in diftances one from another, ofanafhie colour, befetwithleaues not much vnlike fea Purceiane; about the lower part of the ftalkes, and toward the top of the branches they are narrower and ldfer, and cut with great anddeepeiagges,thickeinfubftance, and of a whitifh colour, as all the reft of the plant is: it yeeldeth a pleafant fmell like ^Abr'ctonum m- rimim, and in tafte is fomewhat faltifh: the flo- . wers are many and yellow, which being vaded, there followeth moftie ieede, like vnto that of common wormwood. The place. The common Mugwoort groweth wildc in fiindry places about the borders of fieIds,about highwaies,brookefides, andfuchlike places. Sea Mugwoort groweth about Rie and Win- chelfey caftle, andatPortfinouth by the lie of Wight. , t The time. They flower in Iulie and Auguft. ic The names. Mugwoort is called in Greeke and alfo in Latine ^Artemifa, which name it had of KArtemifia Queene of Halicarnafius, and wife of noble Maufolm king of Caria, who adopted it for hir owneherbe: before that it was called mfiwi^Parthenis^s Pliny writeth. ^Apuleim affirmeththatitwaslikewife called Parthenion, who hath very many names for it,and many of them arc placed in Diofcorides among the baftard names: inoft of thefe agree with the tight ArtemiJia,2X\& diners of them with other herbes 5 which nowc and then are numbred among the Mugwoorts: it is alfo called Mater Herbarum: in high Dutch and£|ant 3 ! 6 f)ami 0 $UEte!D inSpanifhand Italian ^Artemifiai in French Armoifa: in lowe Dutch 'BlJUQCf 3(8110 J in Englifh Mugwoort,and common Mugwoort. The temperature. Mugwoort is hot and dry in the fecond degree,and fomwhat aftringent. it Thevertues. A Tliny faith that Mugwoort doth properly cure womens difeafes. B Diofcorides wiitexh that it bringeth downe the termes,the birth and the afterbirth. C Andthat in like maner it helpeth the mother,and the paine of thematrix,tobe boiled as bathes for women to fit inland that being put vp with myrrh, it is of like force that the bath is of 3 and that the tender tops arc boiled and drunke for the fame infirmities, and that they are applied in manner of a pultis to the (hare to bring downe the monthly courfe. P Pliny faith,that the trauailer or waifaring man, that hath the herbe tied about him, feeleth no wcarifomnes at all,and that he who hath it about him can be hurt by no poifbnfome medicines, or by anywildebeaft, neither yet by the funneitfeife ; and alfo that itis drunke againft Opiurto) or the iuice of blackcPoppie, Many other fantafticall deuifes inuented by Poets are to be feene in the workesof the anneient writers,tending to witchcraft and fbrcerie.and the great difhonor of God: wherefore I do of ptirpofeomit them as things vnwoorthieof my recording or your re- uiewing, x - Mugwoort OV ' HISTORIE OF PLANTS- P47 Mugwoort pound with oile of fweete Almonds,and laid to the fiomacke as aplaifter , curcth all £ ^cureth the^m^ings oftheioints declining to the palfie,and helpeth the contra£ion andF drawing togither of the nerucs and finewes. OfSothernwood . Chdp*\f&* T he kinHes. D affirjneth that Sothernwood is of twokitides, the female and the male , which arc euery where knowne by the names of the greater, and oftheleficr: befides thefe there is a thirdekinde, which is of a Tweeter fmell, and lefierthen the others; and aifo others of a baftaide kinde. I ^AbroUnumfaeminA. 3 Abrotanummds. Female Sothernwood. Male Sothernwood. ^ 7 he defertytion* r '“T" 1 He greater Sothernwood bycarefull manuring, doth oftentimes grow vp inmanerof a I (lirub,and commeth to be as high as a man,bringing foorthftalkes an inch thicke or more: out of which fpring very many (prigs or branches fet about with leaues, diuerfiy lagged tnd finely indented,fomewhat white,and of a certaine (bong fmell: in fteede of flowers little (mall iufter buttons do hang on the (prigs from the middle to the very top,of colour yellow, and at the ength turne into (eede: the roote hath diners firings. The lefler Sothernwood growethlowe, full of little (lender (prigs, of a woody fubfiance : the eaues are more indented then thofe of the former,not (o white; it beareth no clufier buttons: the aotc is made of many firings. % Ooo 2 3 Ah rot an um P4* THE SECOND 3 Ahrotamm humile. Dwarfe Sothernwood. 5 c .Abrotwum campeftre , Wilde Sothernwood. OOKE OF THE 4 Ahrotantm Incdoyttm, Vnfauorie Sothernwood. # Thedefcriptioft. 3 The thirdc kinde is alfo fhorter: theleaues of this be iagged and deepely cut after the manner of the greater Sothernwood, but they are not fo white,yet more fweete 3 wherein they arc like vnto Lauander cotton. This kinde is vcrie fullof fcede: the clufter buttons ftande alongft on the fprigs euen to the very top,and be of a glittering yellow: the roote is like to the reft. 4 The vnfauorie Sothernwood growes flat vp- on the grounde with broade leaues 3 deepely cut or iagged in the edges like thofe of die common Mugwoort: among which rife vp vveake andfee- blc ftalkes 3 trailing likevvife vpon the grounde, fee confufedly heere & there with the like leaues that grow next the ground, of a grayifh or hoary color, altogither without fmell. The flowers grovye a- longeft the ftalkes of a yellowifh colour 3 fmal and chaffie: the roote is tough and woodie with fomc filings annexed thereto. 5 1 his wilde Sothernwood hath a great long thick roote 3 tough and woodie; couered oner with a fcalie barke like the fcalie backe of an adder, and of the fame colour: from which rife vcrie many leaues like thofe of Fennell,of an ouerworne green colour: among which grow fmalltwiggiebraun- f*> ches; * ».i HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. $>\% chcsonthetops 3 andalongdthcdalkesdogrow fmal! cindering (lowers ofa yellowcolour: the whole plant is of a darke colour,as well leaues as dalkes,and of a if rong vnfauoric fmell. & The place. Theophrafliu faith,that Sothcrnwood delighteth to grow in places open to the funne: Diofcori - ^affinneth that it groweth in Cappadocia, and Galatia a countrey in Afu, and in Hierapoiis a citie in Syria : it is planted in gardens almod euery where; that of Sicilia and Galatia is moil com- mended of Picnic. *&The time. The cluder buttons of Sothemwood do flourifh and be in their prime in Auguft, and now and then in September. ... tfc The names. It is called inGreekeA’/^Wos/rtheLatines and the Apothecaries keepe the fame nam z.'^Abro- tonurn : the Italians and diners Spaniards call it Abrotano ; and other Spaniards Terua lembrigucra : in high Dutch ^tabUUiCt? tin low Dutch aueracnij and 3uerattt:t l the French Aurone, and Auroejne : the Englifhmen Sothernwood ; it hath diuers badarde names in Diofcondes ■ the grea¬ ter kinde is Diofcorides his Focmina , or female Sothernwood, and Pliny his CMontanum or moun - taine Sothernwood j the mountaine Sothernwood we take for the female, & the champion for the male. There be notwithdanding fome that take Lauander Cotton to be the female Sothernwood, grounding thereupon,bicaufe it bringeth foorth yellowe flowers in the top ofthe fprigs like cufter buttons: but if they had more diligently pondered Diofcorides his words, they would not haue been ofthis opinion:the lefler Sothernwood is Mas the male, & is alfo Phnies champion Sothernwood^ in Latine Campejlre. The thirde as we haue faide is likewile the female, and is vfually called fweete: Sothernwood ,bicaufe it is of a fweetcr fent then the xcil^D/ofcondes feemeth to call this kind Sicti- /#/»,Sicilian Sothernwood. ie The temperature. Sothernwood is hot and dry in the end of the third degree: it hath alfo force to diflribute and to rarifie. tr The vertues . The tops,flowers,or feed boiled or (lamped rawe with water and drunke,helpeth them that can not take their breath without holding their neckes flraight vp,and is a remedie for the crampc,and forfinewes fhrunke and drawnc togither ;for the fciatica alfo , and for them that can hardly make water,and it is good to bring downe the termes. Itkil!ethwormesanddriueththemout:if it be drunkewith wine, it is a remedie againd deadly g poifons. Alfo it helpeth againd the dinging of foorpions and fielde fpiders, but it hurteth the domacke. (g Stamped and mixed with oile it taketh away the fhiuering cold that commeth by the ague fits, £> and it heateth the body if it be annointed therewith before the fits do come. If it be pouned with barly mealc and laide to pufhcs,it taketh them away. It is good for inflammations of the eies, with the pulpe of a rolled Quince, or with crums of p bread,and applied pultis wife. y The afhes ofburnt Sothernwood with fome kinde of oyle , that is of thinne parts, as of Palma Q Chr/fli,Rzdiih oyle, oyle of fweete Marierome, orOrganie, cureth the pilling of the hade of the head,and maketh the beard to grow quickly: being drowed about the bed or a fuinemade of it.vp- on hot embers it driueth away lerpents: if but a branch be laid vnder the beds head,they fay that it prouoketh venerie. The feede of Sothernwood made into powder,or boiled in wine and drunke, is good againd the difHcultie and flopping of vrine , it expelleth, wadeth , confumetb , anddigefleth alicoldc hu¬ mours,tough dime,and flegme, which do vfually flop the (pleene,kidneies anflbladder. Sothernwood drunke in wine is good againd all venome and poifon.. j The leaues of Sothernwood boiled in water vntill they be foft, and damped with barley meale and barrowes greafo vnto theformeofaplaider, diffolueth and wadeth all cplde humours ancj, fwellings,being applied or laide thereto. Female Sothernwood or Lauander Cotton,drunk in wineys good againd the bitin gs offerpents, jg and expelling of poifon. . ....... It killeth wormes in children,as daily experience prooueth, for women do vfe it to that purpofe jy$ with good fiicccfle. Goo 5 - • ' Of f * THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE OfOf offerufalem^and Of of Cappadocia. Chap . iff). I Botrys. 2 Ambrofta. Oke of Ierufalem. Oke of Cappadocia. & The deferij thn. 1 Kc of Ierufalem or Botrys, hath fundry (mail hems, a footc and an halfe high, diuiaing thernfclues into many (mall branches 3 befet with fmall lea’jes,deepely cut or iagged,very much refembling the leafe of an Oke, which hath caufed our Englilh women to call it Okesof Ierufalem; the vpperfide ofthelcafe isof a deepe greene,andfomewhatrough and hairie. butvnderneathitisof a darke reddifh or purple colour: the feedie flowers do grow cluftring about thebranches , like the yoong clutters or blowings of the vine: the rooteisfinaHandthreddiejthc whole herbe is of a pleafant (mell and fauour ,and ofa faint yellowifh colour; and the whole plant dicth when the feede is ripe. 2 dfhefragrant fmcll that this lcinde of Ambrofd^ or OkccfCappadocia yeeldeth, hath mootiec the Poers to fuppofe that this heibe was meate and foode for the gods : Diofccrides faith it growet! three handfuls high 5 in my garden it groweth to the height of two cubits 3 yeelding many weal.* crookcd,and (freaked branches,diuiding themfelues into fundry other (mall branches,hairing fron the midft to the top thereof, many moffic yellowifh flowers not much vnlike common Worm wood, (landing one before another in good order, and the whole plantisasitwerecouered one withi bran or a meal c dull: the flowers do change into fmall prickly cornered buttons, much lik vfito Tribulmterrefns ,wherein is contained blacke round feede, not vnpleafant in tafte and fmcll the leaues are infhape like the leaues of Mugwoorr,but thinner & more tender, all the whole plan is horie,& yeeldeth a piealant fauor:thc whole plant perifhed with me at the firlt approch of wintci T ' ... 1 ‘ Ther HISTORIE OF PLANTS. P 47 There is anotherkinde of Ambrofia, which hath a long (mall and (lender roote, with a f£w fibres annexed thereto: from which rife vp diuers (mall hoarie Items of a cubitehigh, fetfull of hoaric kaues a great deale lefler than the former, and more finely cut or iaggc.d: the flowers growe vpen final! twigs without any leaues among them, in fhevv like little rough berries, of a dusktfh colour: the whole plant is very hairie and of a good fiuell. ' There is likewife another kindc of Ambrofut very like vnto the Iaftbefore mentioned , but that bis leaues are thinner and more finely cut, refembling the fmall leaues of Englifh Saxifrage ;the flowers and feedes are much fmaller and the roote greater. The place. Thefe plants are brought vnto vs from beyond the (eas 3 e(pccially from Spaine and Italic, ie The time. They flower in Auguft,and their feede is ripe in September. ft The names. Okeoflerufalem is called in Greeke^7y«.- in Latin zBotrys : in Italian Botri : in Spanifh Bien crinada: in high Dutch CraU&entaUG and ttkraut t French and lowc Dutc h Fyment ; m Englifh OkeofIerufalem,andoffomeOkeofParadife. Okeof Cappadocia is called in Greeke au£&ri*i in Latin zAmbrcfia ; neither hath it any other knowen name. Blinie faith that Ambrofia is a wandering name, and is giuen vnto other herbes. For Botrys Oke of Ierufalem, as we haue written, is of diuers alfo called ^Ambrofta : in Englifh it is called Oke of Cappadocia. it Thetemperature. Thefe plants are hot and drie in the fecond degree,and confift of fubtill partes. ft The vertues. Thefe plants are good to be boiled in wine and miniftred vnto fuch as haue their breads (topped, A and are fhort winded,and cannot eafily drawe their breth; for it cutteth and wafteth grofle humors and tough flegme. The leaues are of the fame force being made vp with Sugar, they commonly call itaConferue. It giueth a pleafant tafte to flefh that is (odder, with it,and eaten with the broth. ‘ B It is dried and laid among garments notonely to make them fineil fweete, but alfo topreferue C them from moths and other vermine: which thing it doth alfo per forme. 0 /Lauander (jetton . Chap. 440 , ftlhe kindes. C Hmacyparijfitt,orlszmn&zr Cotton, whereof there be two fortes, of which one is very com¬ mon in our Englifh gardens: the other Idle knowne, which the Italians call Santolina. ft The deferiptioto. L Auander Cottonbringeth foorth cluftered buttons of a golden colour, and of a fweete fineil, and is often vfed in garlands and decking vp of gardens and houfes. It hath awoodieflcckd, out of which grow foorth branches like little boughes, (lender, very many, acubitelong, fen about with little leaues, long, narrow, purledor crumpled; on die tops of the branches (lande vp flowers, one alone on euery branch, made vp with fhtbrtthreds thruft clofe togither, like to the flowers ofTanfie,andto the middle buttons ofthe flowers of CammomiI,but yet fomething broa¬ der, of colour yellow,which be changed into (eede of anobfeure colour. The roote is of a woodie fubftance.The ihrub it feife is white both in branches and leaues,and hath a firong fweete fineil. | i here are fet foorth two figures,one by Taber Monttnus,\ru\cr the title Abfinthium marinumted nuifolium\t he fame is (et forth in diuers written copies for Abyotonum farminafofozrv: g very notably inkinde,yet fo like that they cannot be diftinguiihed: doubtlefifel take them to be one pJant,& ther- fore with the ancients we hold it for the female Sothernwood, orlauander Cotton. It agreeth with our common Lauander Cotton in eachrclped , fauing that it is altogither Idler, and the leaues more finely cut and hackt, and of a greener colour 5 yet whitifh as well leaues as branches. O o o 4, Churns 94 8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Chamxcypa rifftts. Lauander Cotton. ft The place. Lauander Cotton groweth in gardens almoft euery where. ft Thetime . / They flower in Inly and Auguft. ft The names. They are both called by one name Santolina , or Lauander Cotton, of molt chawacypariffus. But Pliny concerning Cham&cyparffu if,is fo fhort andbriefe,that by him (his fucccflors) their opi¬ nions can neither be reie<fted,nor receiued. They are doubtles much deceiued that would haue Lauander Cotton to be Abrotanum fcemi - nam, or the female Southernwood; andlikewifc they are in the wrong, who take it to be Senphi- um, Sea Wormwood; and they who firft let it abroach to be a kinde of Southernwood, we leaue them totheir errors: bicaule it i s not abfo- lutelytobe referred to one, butaplantpartici* paring of Wormwood and Southernwood. it The temperature. The leede of Lauander Cotton hath a bitter tafte,being hot and drie in the third degree. ft 1 he vertues . Plinic faith , that the herbe Chamacyparijjus being drunke in wine,is a good medicine againft thepoilons of all lerpents and venemous beads. ui v puuunj vi tui auu V vuvuiv/uj i/vcuwi ■ It killeth wormes cither giuen greene or dry,and the leede hath the fame vertue againft wormes, but auoideth them with greater force.lt is thought to be equall with the vfuall worme leede. Of Sperage ^or Afparagus. Chap. 441. ft The kindes. T He ancients haue fet foorth two fortes ofSperage: the garden and the wilde Sperage. The la¬ ter writers haue found more of the wilde kinde. ft The deferiptton. 1 nr He firft being the manured and garden Sperage,hath at his firft riling foorth of the ground, thicke tender fhootes, very foftand brittle, of thethicknes of thegreateft Avails quill,‘in taftclike vntothe greeneBeanc, hauingatthetop acertainelcalie foftbud, whichintime groweth to a branch of theheight of two cubites,diuided into cliuers other (mailer branches,wher- on are fet many little leaues like haires,more fine than the leaues of Dill: among which come forth fin all moftle yellowifb flowers, which yeeld foorth the fruit greene at the firft, after red as Coral I, of the bignes of a Ifnall Pealc, wherein is conteined grolfe blackifh leede exceeding hard, which is the caule that it licth fo long in the ground after the lowing before it do Ipring vp. The rootes are many, thicke, foft, and fpoongie firings hanging downe from one head, and Ipread themfelues all about,whereby it greatly increafeth. 2 We haue in our marrifh andlowe grounds neere vnto the lea, a Sperage of this kinde, which differeth little from that of the garden,and yet in kinde there is no difference at all,but onely in ma¬ nuring: by which all things,or molt things arc made more beautifuil and larger. 1 o JfpangM HISTORIE OF PLANTS. S>4 9 Garden Sperage. Marifh Sperage. 3 ^ Jfjparagttspetrkus ; Stone or mountains Sperage. 4 Aftarag/Mfyluettris. Wilde Sperage. I I: '! i £ 5 o THE second booke of the ~ Stone or mountaine Sperage, is one of the wilde ones, let foorth vnder the title of Corruda, which Z/c£<?/calieth ^Afaragus Petrxm ^ and Galen Myacanthinus , that doth verie wellrelem- ble thofe o( the garden, in (hikes , routes and branches 3 failing that thofe fine hairie Ieaties which are in the garden Sperage,be foft,blunt,and tender; and in this wilde Sperage fharpe,barde, and pricking thornes,though they be fmall and (lender: the fruite heereofis round,of the bignes of aPeafe,and of a blacke colour: the rootes are long, thicke,fat ,and very many. 4 This fourthkinde differeth from the laft defcribed, being a wilde Sperage of Spaine and Hun- garie: the plant is altogither fet with mod fharpc thornes, as arc the branches ofWhinnes,Gorfe, or Furfen: the fruit is red when it is ripe: the rootes are like the others,but greater and tougher. 5 Afaragu* fyluejlris Spinofm Clusij. Wilde thorney Sperage. ft The defeription. 5 Carclm Clufm aeferibeth ado a certaine wilde Sperage with (harpe’prickles all alongft the (talks,orderly placed at euerie ioint one,hard, fti(Fe,and whirifn,the points ofthe thornespoin- ting downwards: from the which ioints alfo do grow out a fewe long greene leaues faftned togi- ther,as alfo a little yellowe flower, andoneber- rie three cornered,and of a blacke colour, where¬ in is concerned one blacke feede, (eldome more: the rootes are like the other. Many and fundry authors haue taken this for a kinde of Sperage called 2{ypa y for the plant Scorpiobicauk of his (harpe prickles 5 and there¬ fore it was called Tgepaa Seorpione , ofthe finall bead: called Nepa, whole taileis verie dangerous, as are the prickles of this plant: it is verie hard to difeerne this plant from Corrtida, which hath caufed Math olm his errour to be the greater, in raking Nepa for Afaragtumaritmus •' this plant hath many woodic rootes, one foldedoueran other: from which arife finall (hikes, belet with fharpe thicke leaues, rcfemhlingcorruda y verie terrible to be touched by reafbn of His prickley leaues,which are of a bitter tafte. Dripti being like wife a kind hereof,hath long & final! rootes creeping in the ground like Couch grade: from wh(ch(pringvpbranches a cubite high,full ofknottie Joints: the leaues are fmall like vnto Iuniper, not much differing from Corrtida , or Nepa : the flowers grow at the top of the ftalke in fpokie tufts or rundles,ofa white colour, cicfely thruft togither: the (cede before it be taken out of the huske is like vnto Rice. ft The place. The fid being our garden Afaragus groweth wilde in Eflex, in a medowe adioiningtoa Myll beyondaviilagecaiIedThorp,andalfoSingIeton, not farre from Carbie, and in themedowes neere Moulton in Lincoindiire: Iikewiie it groweth in great plentie neere vnto Harwich, at a place called Landamer lading,and at north Moulton in Holland, a part ofLincoInfhire. The wilde Speragesdo growinPo'rtingaleandBifcaie among (tones, one of the which Petrtu jj, elloniut doth make mention to grow in Candie,in his firft booke offingularities,i 8.Chapter. ft The time. The bare naked tender fhootes of Sperage (pring vp in Aprill, at what time they are eaten in (al- Jads;thev flower in luncand Iuly,the fruite is ripe in September. ft The names. The garden Sperage is called in Greeke : in Latine likewife '^Afbaragus •' in (hops Spar a- |7**,and Speragm: in high Dutch * in low DutchTfpatgC^ and that is to fay HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 9 5< fay Her ha Cor alii, or Corail woort,of the red berries, which beare the colour of corall: in Spanifh Ajfarragos: in Italian Ajparago: in Englifh Sperage,& Iikewife Afparagus after the Latine name: in French Afperges. It is named Afparagus of the excellencie,bicaufe Ajparagip r the fpringes heereof are preferred before thofe of other plan tswhatfoeuer: for this Latine word Ajparagus doth pro¬ perly fignifie thefirftfpringorfproutofeueryplant, efpecially when it is tender, and before it do grow into an harde ftalke,as are the buds, tendrels,or yoong fprings of wilde Vine, or Hoppes,and fuch like. Wilde Sperage is properly called in Greeke uvJy&vQct, which is as much to fay asMoufe prickle, and TTiTfthat is to fay, Petrous ^Ajparagus, or Stone Sperage: it is alfo named in Latine ^AjparagusJylueJlrii and Corruda . The temperature. The rootesofthe garden Sperage, and alfoofthe wilde do clenfe without manifeftheat and drinefTe. # The vertues . The firftfprouts or naked tender fhootes heerof be oftentimes fbdden in flefh broth and eaten, ^ or boiled in faire water, and feafoned with oiIe,vineger,faIt,and pepper, then are ferued at mens ta¬ bles for a fallade; they are pleafant to the taften ealily concodted,and gently loofen the bc-!y. They fomwhat prouoke vrine,good for the kidneies and bladder, but they yeeld vnto the bodie B little nourifhment,and the fame moift,yet not faultie: they are thought to increafe feede, and ftirre vpluft. Of Horfe taile ^or Shane graffe. Chap.\\z. tV Thekindes. 'T* Here be two kindes of Horfe taile deferibed of the ancients,one great,the other little: the later age hath fbund more. I Equifetum mains. Great Horfe taile. 2 Equifetum nudum. Naked Horfe taile. i M 6 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE •kThe defer if tton. 1 ^ r ^ReatHorfetaiIe,rifcthvp with a rounde ftalke,hollowc within like a Reedc, acubite high, I -ycompad as it were of many ffnall peeces,one put into the end of another, fometimes of a reddifh colour,very rough,and let at euery ioint with many ftsffe rufhlike leaues, or rough briftie s, which maketh the whole plant to refemble the taile of a Horfe, whereofit tooke his name: on the top of the ftalke do ftand in Reed of flowers cluftered and thick Catkins, not vnlike vnto the firft fhootes of Sperage, which is called My&cAnthx ; the roote is iointed and creepeth in the grounde. 2 This flnall or naked Shaue grafle, wherewith Fletchers and Cornbemakers doerubbe and polifh their worke, rifeth out of the ground like the firffc fhootes of Afparagui, iointed or kneed by certaine diftances like the precedent, but altogither without fuchbriflley leaues, yet exceeding rough and cutting: the roote groweth aflope in the earth like thofe of the Cpuch grafle. 3 Equifetum feget ale. Come Horfe grafle. 4 Equifetum palufire. Water Horfe taile. & The defeription . 3 Horfe taile which for the moft groweth among corne, and where corne hath beene,hath a ve- rie (lender roote and (ingle: from which rife vp diners iointed ftalkes, whereon doe growe verie long,rough,narrow iointed leaues^ like vnto the firft deferibed, but thicker and rougher, as is the reft of the plant. 4 Water Horfe taile that groweth by the brinkes of riuers,and running dreams, and often in the middeftofthe water, hath a very long roote, according to the depth of the water, grofle, thicke, and iointed, with fome threds annexed thereto: from which rifeth vp a great,thickc, iointed ftalke, whereon do growe long, rough, rufhieleaues, pyramidesorftceple fafhion: the whole plant is likewife rough,hard,and fit to fhauc and rub wooden things as the other. 5 Equf/etum 557 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The defer ipt ion. 5 This kinde of Horfe taile that groweth in woods and fhadowie places, hath afmall roote and (ingle: from which rifeth vp a rough chamfered ftalke iointed by certainc fpaccs, hauingateach ioint twobufhes of rough briftley leaues,fee one againft another like the other ofhis kind. 6 The female Horfe taile groweth for the mod part in waterifh places, and by the brinks of fmall rilsandpirling brookes, it hath a long roote like that of Couch grade; from which rife vp diners hollow ftalkes ,fet about at certaine diftances,with fmall leaues in rundles like thofe ofWoodroof^ altogither barren of feede and flower,whereof it was called Semine Vidua. 7 Clufiti hath let foorth a plant, that he referretli vnto the ftocke of the Horfe tailes, which he thus deferibeth: It hath many tvviggie orrtifhie ftalkes, whereupon it was called luncaria, and may be englifhed Rufh weeded he leaues growe vpo.n the branches like thofe of Flaxej on the tops ofthe ftalkes growefmalkchaffie flowers of a whitifh colour. The feede is fmall and blacke of co- lour.The roote is little and white. The whole plant is fwcetifh in tafte. Dodonatu fetteth foorth another Horfetaile, which he called Ciiming Horle taile, or Horfe taile ofOlympus. There is,faith he,another planr like Horfe taile, but greater and higher. It rifeth vp oftentimes with a ftalke as big as a mans arme,diuided into diuers branches; out of which there grow long Render fprigs very full ofioints, like to the firft Horfe taile. The flowers ftand about the iointes of a moflie fubftance, fmall as are thofe of the Cornell tree, in places whereof growe vp red fruite full of fower mice,not vnlike to little Mulberies, in which is the feede. The roote is hard and woodic. This groweth now and then to a great height, and fometimes lower. Bellonim writeth in his Singularities, that it hath beene feene to be equall in height with the Plane tree: it commeth vp lower, neere to fhorter and Idler trees or fhrubs, yetdothitnot faften itfelfe to the trees with any rendrels or clafping aglets; much lefle doth it winde it felfe about them,yet doth it delight to ftand peere and clofc vnto them. 7 IuncariA THE SECOND BOOKEOFTHE 7 Juneariu Salmantice n[is. Italian rufhie Horfe taile. The place. The titles and deferipnons fhew the place of their growing. The laft Bellomm reporteth to grow in diners vallies of themountaine Olympus, arid not far from Ragufa a citie in Sclauoma. # The time. They flower from April! to the endoffbmmer. vc 7 he names. Horfe taile is called in Greeke iWs&k } Hippurifi in Latine Equifetum and Equinalis : of Plinie in his 15. bookc 2 8.chapter, Equifctis, of the likencffe of a horfe haire : of fome Salix Equina : in fnops Cauda eejuina : in high Dutch : in lowe Dutch PcertHeert J in Italian Coda di Cauat- lo: in Spanifh Coda de mula : in French Queue de chcual\ and Ca queue : in Englifh Horfe taile, and Shauegrafle. ShauegrafTe is not without caufe named AJfrel- la, of his ruggednefle, which is not vnknowen to women, who fcowre their pewter and wooden things of the kitchen therewith, which the Ger¬ maine women call j&anncnfcrautj, and thereupon fome of our hufwiues do call it Pewterwoort. Of fbme it is called Ephedra,AnabaJis, and Caucon. & The temperature. Horfe taile, as Galen faith, hath a binding facuh tie, with fome bitternefle, and therefore it doth mightily drie,and that without biting. & The vertues. A Biofiorides faith, that Horfe taile being (lamped and laid to, doth perfc&ly cure wounds (yea though the finewes be cut in funder) as Galen addeth. It r$ of fo great and fo Angular a vertue in healsngof woundes, asthat itis thoughtandreportedfortruth,tocuretheivvoundesoftheblad- der,and other bowels,and helpeth ruptures or burflings. 7 rhf'h no. ' i B The herbe drunke cither with water or wine,is an excellent remedie againft bleeding at the nofe, and other fluxes of blood. It flaieth the ouermuch flowing of womens flowers, the bloodie flixe, and the other fluxes of the belly. 3 ,0 ;d A C The iuice of the herbe taken in the fame manner can do the like,and more effectually. D Horfe taile with his rootes boiled in wine, is very profitable for the vlcers of the kidneies and bladder,the cough,and difficultie of breathing. no OfSea c Inferior Sea ^Raifon, l:. The defeription. I CT Ea Grape is not vnlike to Horfe taile,but it is leflcr and lowcr.-it bringeth foorth little (talks, (lender,fmall,and round,almofl: like rufhesdee with very many little ioints,fuch asthofeare of the Horfetaile,and ditiided into many wings and branches ; the tops whereof are fharpe pointed,fomewhat hard and pricking: it is without leaues: the flowers growe in clufters out of the ioints with little (terns,they arc fmall and of a vvhitifh green colour: the fruite confifteth ofmanie little pearles,like to the vnripe berrieof Rafpis,or Hindberry; when it is ripe it is red with a faf- fron colour,in taflc fweete and pleafant: the feede or kernell is hard, three fquare, fharpe on euerie fide,intafte binding: the rooteis iointed, long,and crccpeth aflope: the plant it felfcalfodothra- ther lie on the ground then ftande vp: it groweth all full of fmall ftalkes and branchcs,caftingthenK iclues all abroad. 2 Carolus HtSTORIE OF PLANTS. ' pjp 2 Carols Clufm hath fet foorth another fort of fea Grape, far different from the precedent; it ri- feth vp to the height of a man,hauing many branches of a woodie fubftance, in forme like to Spa- ni(h Broome,without any lcaues at all: whereupon do grow clutters of flowers vpon ttender footc- ftalkcs of a yellowifh moflie or herby colour, like thofe of the Cornell tree: after which come the fruite like vnto the mulberie, of a reddifh colour and fowertafte, wherein lieth hid one or two feedes like thofe of Millet,blacke without and white within: the roote is hard,tough,and Woodie. •it The description, ' 3 Thiskindc offea Grape djffereth not from the Jaft deferibed in any one point, failing that it is altogither leffer,wherein efpecially confifteth the dilference. 4 T ragon Mathioli, or rather Tragosimprobus Mathioli , which he vnaduifedly called Tragon^ is without controller ft e nothingelle but akindeof Kali, or a kinde of Crithmum alteram, or comming neere to the plant called Paslwaca marina, or Secacul : this plant rifeth vp out of the grounde with ftalkes a cubite high,diuidcd into fundry other grofle, thicke, and writhen branches, iet,or armed with many pricking lcaues, ofthe colour and fliape of Aizoon, and iomewha-t-thicke and flefhie: among which come foorth fuchprickley burs, as are to be leenei nTribulo terrejiri , as that it is harde fora man to touch any part thereof, without\pricking of the handes: the flowers are of an herbie colour,bringing foorth flat feede like vnto Kali: the roote is flender,and lpreadeth vndcr the turfe of the earth: the whole plant is full of clammie iuice,not any thing aftringent, but fomewhat faltifh,and of no Angular vetftue that is yetknownc: wherefore I may conclude, that this cannot be Trapps Dicfcoridis, and the rather for that this Tragoh of Mathiolus , is anherbe and not a flirub, as I haue before fpoken in Vua marina, neither beareth it any berries or graines like Wheate, nei¬ ther is it plcafan t in tafte and lmell ,or any thing aftringent, all which are to be founde in the right Tragos before cx ^retted,which (.is Dio/corides (aith)is without lcaues , neither is it thorncy as 7 ra~ gns tntyrobm Mathioli: this plant I haue found growing in the He of Shepey , in the tra<ft leading to the houfe df Sir Edward called Shetland. .; , 3 PU4 ■ ' I ' THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 3 Vm marina minor. * *** - * n/ ''' ' Small lhrubbie lea Grape. 4 Tragus iJMathioli. Baftardfea Grape. ft The place. It loueth to grow vpon dry banks and fandie places neerc to the fea: it is foundein Languedock not far from MontpeIicr,and in other places by the lea fide,and is a ftranger in En gland. . ft The time. When it groweth of it felfe the fruite is ripe in Autumne,the plant it fclfe remaineth long green, for all the colde in winter. ft The names. It is called of the later Herbarifts V’ua marina • in French Raifinde Mer , of the pearled fruite, and thelikenes that it hath with Rafpisberrie, which is as it were aRaifbnor Grape, confiftingof many little ones: it is named in Greeke but it is not called Tragus, or Traganos, of a Goate, (for lb fignifieth the Greeke word)or of his ranke and rammifh fmell,but bicaufe it bringeth foorth fruite fit to be eaten,of the verbe rp«y which fignifieth to eate: it may becalled Scorpion, bicaufe the fprigs thereof are iharpe pointed like to the Scorpions taile. ft T he temperature. The berries or rai/ons, and efpecially the feede that is inthemhaue a binding qualitie, as we haue faide,and they are drie in the later end of the fecond degree. ft Thevertues. A ~Diofcorid.es writeth, that the Raifbns of fea Grape do ftaie the flixe, and alfo the whites in wo- men,when they much abound. Of zSMadder. Chap.^q.. ft Thekindes. * r J 1 Here is but one kinde of Madder onely :but if all thofe that are like vnto it in leaucs and maner ofgrowing were referred thereto,there fhoulde be many forts : as Goofe grafle, fofc Cliuer, our Ladies Bedftraw,Woodroofe.,and Croflewoort, all which are like to Madder in lcaues, and therefore they be thought to be wildc kinds thereof. i Rubia , HISTORIE I RnbittlKttorm. Red Madden i I OF PLANTS. 2 RtibiafyUteJlrU, Wilde Madder. ‘fr The defer iption. 1 r T" r He garden or manured Madder, hath I long ftalkes or trailing branches difper* fed farre abroade vppon the grounde 3 (quare, rough,and full of ioints, at euery ioint fee rounde with greene rough leaucs 3 in maner of a ftarre, or as thofe of Woodroofe: the flowers groweatthetopofthebranchcs, ofa faint yel- lowecolounafrer which come the feede, rounde 3 grecnc at the flrfl, aftCrwarde red, and laftly of a blacke colour: the roote long, fat, full <?f fub- ftance, creepeth farre abroade withinthe vpper cruft: of the earth,and is ofa reddifh colour,wheu it is greene and frefh. 2 Wilde Madder is like in forme vnto that of the garden, but altogither flnailer, and not fa rough: the flowers are white: the roote is verie finall and tender,and oftentimes of a reddifh co¬ lour. j Sea Madder hath a roote two foote long, with many dry threds hanging thereat, of a red- difhcolour like Alkaiiet, on the outfide of the fame forme and bignes , but within it of the co¬ lour of theferapings of Iuniper,or Cedar wood a fending foorth diners flender ftalkes rounds'and Ppp i fu.L\ I 1 2)8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE full of ioints: from which come foorth fmall thin leaues,{tiffe and fharpe pointed, fomewhat hairy, in number commonly fower,llanding Tike a Burgonioncrofie jfrom the bofome of which come foorth certaine tufts of Ifnaller leaues thruft togither vpon a heape: the flowers grow at the top of the ftalkcs of a pale yellowifh colour. ft The place. Madder is planted in garden s,and is very common in moft places of England. Thefecondegrowethinmoiftrnedowes, in moorifh grounds, andvnder bufhesalmoft cuerie where. The laft groweth by the fea fide in moft places. ft The time. They flourifh from Maie vnto the end of Auguft: the rootes are gathered and dried in Autumn, and folde to the vfe of Dicrs,and Medicine. ft 7 he names. Madder is called in Greekc ipvG^Jbc.vov, Erythrodanum : in Latine Rubia, and Rubeix: in (Tops Rubio, tinttorum: Paulus A Eginetx (hew ezh that it is named Thapfon which the Diers vie, and the Ro- maincs call it Eerba Rubia' in Italian Rubbia , and Robbia: in Spanifh Ruuia y Roja , and Granzx • in French Garance .• in high Dutch KOttC J inlowe Dutch S^fC,and CtappCH X in Englifb Mad- der,and red Madder. ft The temperature. Of the temperature ofMadder,it hath beene difputed among the learned, and as yet not cenfu- red,whetheritdobindeoropen;fomefayboth,diuersdiuerfly deeme :a greatPhifition (I do not lay the great learned ) called me to account as touching the faculties heereof, although he had no commiflion fo to do,notwithftandingI was content to be examined vpon the point, what the na¬ ture ofMadder was,bicaule I haue written that it performeth contrary effects, as fhall be fhewed: the rootes ofMadder, which both the Phifitions and Diers do vfe,as they haue an obfeure binding power and force; lo be they likewife of nature and temperature colde and drie; they are withal! of diners thin parts,by reafon whereof their colour doth eafily pearce: yet haue they at the firll a cer¬ taine little fiveetenes, with an harfh binding qualitie prefently following it; which not onely we our felues haue oblerued, but alio z^iuicen the prince of Phifitions, (the great Phifitions mailer) who in his 58 Chapter hath written,that the roote ofMadder hath a rough and haifhtafie: nowetns- Her Dodtor,whether it bindc or open I haue anlweied,attending your cenfuic :but if 1 haue erred, it is with the multitude,and thole of the bell,and bell learned. ft The vertues. Ihedecodlionof the rootes ofMadder is euery where commended for thofe that are burlten, brufed,wounded,and that haue fallen from high places, g It llancheth bleeding, mitigateth inflammations, and helpeth thole parrs that he hurt and brufed. q For thelc c aules they be mixed with potions, which the later Phifitions call wound drinkes *. in which there is fuch force and vertue, as Mathiolus alfo reporteth, that there is likewife great hope ofcuringof deadly wounds in the chefl: and intrails, j) Our opinion and judgement is confirmed by that moll expert man, lomtimes Phifition of Lon¬ don Johannes Spiringus,w\\o in his Rapfodes hath noted, that the deco&ionof Madder giuen with Triphera , that great compofition is lingular good to Hay the reds, thehemorrhoidesandbloudie flixe, and the fame approoued by diuers experiments : which confirmeth Madder to be of an allringent and binding qualitie. £ Of the fame opinion asitfeemeth is alio Eroslulia hir freed man ( commonly called Trotuh) who in a compofition againll vntimely birth doth vie the lame: for if he had thought that Maddei were of fuch a qualitie as Diofcorides writeth it to be of,he woulde not in any wile haue added it to thofe medicines which are good againll an vntimely birth, jp For Diofcorides reporteth , that the roote of Madder doth plentifully prouokc vrine, and that grolfe and thicke,and oftentimes bloudalfo, and it is lo great an opener, that beingbutonely ap¬ plied,it brirlgeth downc the monies, the birth, and afterbirth: but the extreme rednes of the vrine dcceiucd him, that immediately followeth the taking ofMadder, which rednes came as he thought,from bloud mixed therewith, which notwithftandingcommeth no otherwife thenfroir the colour of the Madder. F01 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 0 3 j For the roote hereof taken any maner of way doth by & by make the vrine extreme red: no other- Q wife then Rubarb doth make the fame yellow, not changing in the mean time the fubftance therof,' nor making it thicker then it was before, which is to be vndcrftoode in thofe which are in perfect health,which thing doth rather l}iew that it doth not open, but binde, nefotherwife then Rubarbe , doth 5 for by reafon of his binding qualitic the waterifh humours do for a while ke-epe their colour. For colours mixed with binding things do longer remain in the things colored, and do not fb foon vade: this thing they well knowe that gather colours out of the iuices of flowers andherbes, for with them they mixe allume,to the end that the colour may be retained and kept the longer,which otherwife woulde be quickly loft. By rhefe things it manifeftiy appeereth that Madderdoth no¬ thing vehemently either clenfe or open , and that Diofcondes hath raflily attributed vntoitthis i kinde ofqualitie,and after him Galen and the reft that f ollowed, ftanding ftiffely to his opinion. Plink faith,that the ftalkes with theleaues ofMadder,are vied again ft ferpents. The roote of Madder boiled in Meade or honied water, and drunken, openeth the ftoppings of X : the liuer,the milt and kidneies, and is good againft the iaundife. The fame taken in like manerprouoketh vrine vehemently, infomuch that the often vfe thereof I caufeth one to pifte blond, as fome haue dreamed. Langiui and other excellent Phifitions haue experimented the fame to amende the Iothfome £ colour of theKingscuiil 3 andhelpeththevlcersof the mouth, if vntothe decodion be added a little allume and honie ofRofes. v?? 2 •kThe ■j&s 4 THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE / it The defer ipt ion. 1 A Parine, Cliuers or Goofe grafFe,hath many fmall fquare branches, rough and fharpe,full ofioints,befet at euery ioint with fmall leaues flarre fafhion, and like vnto fmall Madder: the flowers are very little and white, pearkingon the tops of thefprigs: the feedesare finall,rounde, a little hollow in the midft in maner of a nauell, fet for the molt parr by couples: the rootes flender and full of firings: the whole plant is rough,and his ruggednes taketh holde of mens veftures and woollen garments as they palfeby: being drawne along the toong it fetcheth bloud: Z>/^r/Wareporteth 3 thatthefhepheards in fteedeof aCullandcr dovfeit to take haires out of milke 3 if any remaine therein. 2 The great Goofe grade of Plinie, is one of the Moone woor ts of L’Ohelius, it hath a very rough tender ftalke, whereupon are let broade leaues fomewhat long, likethofeof Scorpion graffe, or K^ilyfjbn Galern^ Galens Moonewoort, very rough and hairy: the flowers growc at the top of the branches 6fan hcrbic colourjafter which commeth rough cleauingfeedes, that do flickc to mens garments which touch it: the roote is fmall and Angle. it The place. Goofe grafie growethneere the borders of ficldes, and oftentimes in the flcldes themfelucs mixed with the ccrne,alfo by common waies 3 ditches, hedges, and among thorncs: Theophraftta and Galenwrite , that it groweth among Lentles, and with hardc imbracing it doth choke it 3 and by that meanes is burdenfome and troublefome vnto it. it The time. It is found plentifully euery where in fommer time. The names. It is named in Greek irndr*) ,Apparine’- in Latin z Lappa minor but not properly: Pliny affirmeth it to be LappaginiiJpectem: offom philanthropes, as though he fhould fay,a mans friend,bicaufeit ta* keth hold of mens garments^of diuers alfo for the fame caufe Philadelphos: in Italian Speronelk'.i n Spanifh Prefer a, o r amord't Hortalano: in high Dutch fetatlt-i French Rehle 3 ougrateron: in low Dutch j&lCCfCttipt ♦ in Englifh Goofe fhare,Goofe grafIe,Cleuer,or Clauer. it The temperature. It is as Galen faith,moderately hot and dry,and fomwhat of thinne parts. it The vert ties. }\ The iuice which is prefTed out of the feeds,flalkes, and leaues,as Diofcorides writeth 3 is a remedic for them that are bitten of the poifbnfom fpiders called in Latine Phalangia, and of vipers, if it be drunke with wine. g And the herbe (lamped with fwines greafe wafteth away the kernels by the throte. Q Pliny teacheth that the leaues being applied doth alfb flay the abundance of bloud iflfuing out ofwounds. 0 Women do vfually make pottageof Cleucrs with alittle mutton and otemeale, to caufe lank- ncfle ,and keepe them from fames. Of Crofjevpoort . Chafe. it The defeript ion. C Roficwoort is a lowe and bafe herbe, of a pale greene colour, bauing many fquare, feeble rough flalks full of ioints or knees,couered oner with a foft downe: the leaues are little,fhort, and final,alwaies fower growing togither,and {landing crofiewife one right againft another, making a direct Burgunion crofls.-toward the top ofthe flalke,and from the bofome of thofc kaues come foorth verie many finall yellow flowers,of a reafbnable good fauour,ech of which is alio fha- ped like a Burgunion erode: the rootes are nothing elfe but a fewe finall threds or fibres. , • * * Crueieta. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 96 f Cruet at a. Croflewoort. it The place. Cruciata,ov Croflewoort, grovyeth in moift and fertill medowes: I found the fame growing inthechurchyardeofHampfteede neere Lon¬ don, and in a paftureadioining thereto by the mill: alio it grovveth in the lane or high way be¬ yond Charieton,a flnall village by Greenwich, and in fundry other places. it The time. It flowreth for the moft part all fornmer long. it The names. It is called Crnciata, and Crucjatis , of the placing of the leaties in manner of a erode: in Englifh Croflewoort , Golden Crofie- woortj or Golden Mugwoort. it The temperature. Croflewoort feemeth to be of a binding and drying qualitie. it 'l he vertues. Croflewoort hath an excellent propertie, to A heale, ioine, and dole wounds togither, vea it is very fit for them, whether they be inwarde or outwarde, if the faide herbe be boiled in wine anddrunke. The deco&Ion thereof is alio mini fired B with good fuccefie to thole that are burden: and lo is the herbe, being boiled vntill it be foft, andiaide vponthe burften place in man* nerof a puitis. Of Woodrooffe, Qhap.^y. it The defeription. W OodroofFe hath many fquare ftalkes full of ioints, andateuery knot or iointfeauen or eight long narroweleaues,fet round about like aftarre, or the rowellof a fpurre: the flo¬ wers grow at the top of the ftemmes^ofa white colour, and of a very fweete linell, as is the reft of the herbe, which being made vp into garlands or bundles, and hanged vp in houlesin the heateoflbmmer,doth very well attemper the aire, cooleand make frefh the place, to the de¬ light and comfort offuch as are therein. There is another fort of WoodroofFe called Ajperula C&rulea , or blew Woodrooffe: it is an herbeofafootehigh,foft,hairie, andfomething branched, with leaues and ftalkes ike thofeof white Woodrooffe: the flowers therof are blue,handing vpon fhort ftems on the tops of the ftalks: the feede is lmall,round,and placed togither by couples; the roote is long and of a red colour. There is another herbe called Sagina fj/ergula ,or fpurrie, which is fowen in Brabant, Hollande, and Flaunders, of purpole to fatten cattle,and to caufe them to giue much milke, and there called Spurrie,andfranke Spurry: it is a bafe and lowe herbe , very tender, hauingmany iointed ftalkes, whereupon do grow leaues let in round circles like thole of Woodrooffe,but lefler and fmoother, in forme like the rowell of a fpur,at the top of the ftalkes do grow (mail white flowers, after which come round feede like thofe of Turneps: the roote is fmall and threddie. Ppp 3 K^ffycrula 9 &< THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE i^Affcruht. Woodrooffe. kTheplace. White Woodrooffe grovveth vnder hedges and in woods almort euery wiiercv.* the feconde grovveth in many places of Eflex,and diners other parts in fandie grounds. k The time. They flower in lune and Inly. # The names. Mofl haue taken Woodrooffe to be Plinie his cAlyffos, which as he faith, doth differ from Erj- throd&num , or garden Madder, in leaues onely, &; Idler ftalkes: but flich a one is not onely this, but alfo that with blew flowers: for Galen doth attri¬ bute to o 4lyffoS) a blew flower: notwithffanding Galcns and Pliniet ^Alyffos , are thought to differ from Woodrooffe,by Gale nsovjn words,writing of Ayljfosin his fecond book ofCounterpoifons, in Antoniui Com his compofition in this manner: Alyjfis is an herbe very like vnto Horehound, but rougher and fuller ofprickles about the circles: it beareth a flower tending to blew. Woodrooffe is named of diuers in Latine A (ferula odor at a,, and of moft men AJpergulaodo - rata , of others Cordialis , and Stellaria: in high Dutch: in low Dutch iLeuetfcraut: that is tofaie IecorarU, or HepaUca Liucrwoort: in French Muguet: in Englifh Woodrooffe 3 Woodrowc,and Woodrowell. The temperature. Woodroofre is of temperature fbmthing like vnto our Ladies Bedflraw,but not fb ftrong 3 being in a meane betweene heat and drines. HThevertucs. ^ It is reported to be put into wine,to make a man merrie, and to be good for the hart and liuer : itpreuaiieth in wounds,as Cruciata, and other vulnerarie herbes do. Of LadiesTiedjlravp* • . • V V ' 1' Jii' ’ 1." '< kThekindes. HPBere be diners ofthe herbes called Ladies Bedflraw, or Checfe renning,fbme greater, others . ^ leflbjfome with white flowers,and fome with yellowe. k 7 he defeription. Adies Bedflraw hath fmalfround, cuen ftalkes, weake and tendcr,creeping hither and thi« ther vpon the ground: whereon doe growe very fine leaues, cut into final] iags, finer then thole of Dili,iet at certainefpaces, as thofe of Woodrooffe: among which comefoorth flowers of a yellow colour, in clufters or bunches thicke thruft togither, of a ftrong fweete fmell, but no 1 - vnpleafant: the roote is (mail and threddie. 2 LadiesBedflraw with white flowers is like vnto Cleaners or Goole grafle,in leaues,ftalkes,and inaner of growing, vetnothing at all rough, but finooth and loft: the flowers be white, the feede round: the rootes {lender, creeping within the erounde: the whole plant rampeth vpon bullies, fhrnbs,and all other fuch things as llande neere vntoit,otherwifhu cannot ftande, bucmuftreelc and fall to the ground. ' I Gallium / HISTORIE OF PLANTS. $6j I Gallium luteum. Ladies yellow Bedftraw. 2 Gallium album. Ladies Bedftraw with white dowers. 3 Gallium rubrnm. Ladies Bedftraw with red ftowcrs. 4 Gallium fine mollugo montan a. Great Baftard Madder. =i t-AA.c&j Xrt' S>68 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ,A\ • - . W'.l it The defcription. 3 This imzW Gallium or ladies little red bedftrowe, hath beene taken for a kinde of wiideMadderf neuertheleffe it is a kinde of Ladies bedftrow or cheefrenning, as appeereth both by his vertues in * tu: ning milke for cheefe , asalfoby his forme bcingin each refpedlike vnto yellow Gallium, and/ diifereth in the colour of the flowers 3 which are of a darke red colour with a yellowe pointle in the middle,confifting of fower fmall leaues: the feede wherofwas font me from Argentine, or Strawf- borough in Germany. 4 There is hkewife another fort of Gallium for diftindtion fake called Mollugo,which hath ftalkes that neede not to be propped vp 3 but of it felfe ftandeth vpright 3 and is like vnto the common white Gallium, but that it hath a fmoother leafe : the flowers therof be alfo white 3 and very fmalkthe roote blackifh. I haue receiued from a citizen of Strawsborough the feedes of a kind of Gallium with red flowers 3 which hath not beene feene in thefe parts before this time. it 1 he place . The firft groweth vpon funny bankes neere to the borders of fieldes 3 in fruitfull foiles almoft eue- rie where. The fecond groweth in hedges among bufhes in moft places. The third groweth in marifh grounds, and other moift places. The fourth groweth vpon mountaines and hilly places 3 and is not yet found in England. it The time. Thcv flower moft of the fommermonetbs. it The names . The firft is called in Greeke 'yfokv: it hath that name of milke, called in Greeke ytr*, into which it is put as Cheefe renning: in Latine likewife Gallium :in high Dutch SpCgertatlG OTafffrOQ X in low Dutch ilUllOO 1 in French Petit Muguet: in Italian Galic: in Spanifli Coaia lecheyertu: in Hnglifh. our Ladies Bedftraw 3 Cheefe renning, Maides Haire 3 and petie Mugwet. The others are Species Lappag/nis,ak inde of fmall Burre,fo taken ofthe ancients 3 of the foftnes and fmoothnes of the leaues ,and is commonly called Mollugo: diuers take them for kinds of wilde Madder,naming it Rubiajyluejlris } oswi\de Madder: but Madder that groweth ofitfelfe differeth not from the planted or tame Madder 3 wherof we haue found none in Eng!and 3 that I can learn of. it 7 he temper atu re. Thefe herbes efpecially that with yellow flowers 3 is dry and fomthing binding, as Galen faith. it The vertues. The flowers ofyellow Maides Haire 3 as Diofcorides writeth 3 is vfed in ointments againft burnings, and it ftancheth blond: it is put into the Cerote or Cerecloth of Rofos: it is fet a funning in a glafle with oile Oliue till it be whitest is good to annoint the wearied traueiler: the roote thereof drunke in wine ftirreth vp bodily luft; and the flowers (fuelled vnto worketh the fame effed. B The herbe thereofis vfed for Rennet to make cheefe 3 as Mathiolmxvponzxh, faying, that the people of Thufcane or Hetruria, do vfo it to turne their milke 3 that the Cheefe which they make of fheepes and Goates milke might be the fweeter and more pleafant in tafte 3 and alfo more hol- fome,efpecially to breake the ftone 3 as it is reported. C The people in Chefhire 3 efpecially about Namptwich where thebeft Cheefe is made j do vfoit in their Rennet,efteeming greatly of that Cheefe aboue other made without it. D We finde nothing extant in ancient writers of the vertues and faculties of the white kinde, but are as herbes neuer had invfe 3 either forPhificke or Chirurgerie. Of Feme, Chap. 449. itlhekindes. np Here be diners forts of Feme, differing as well in forme as place ofgrowing, whereofthere be two forts according to the old writers, the Male and the Female, and thefe be properly called Feme : the others haue their proper names as fhall be declared. ( 1 Filtx HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 9$9 l Fifox mas, 2 Fifox foemina. Male Feme. Female Feme or brakes.. ^ The deferi^tion. 1 r 1 p He male Feme bringeth foorth prefently from the roote broad leaues and rough, fomwhac hard,eafie to be broken,of a light greene coloured ftrongfmell,more then a cubice long 5 fpred abroad like wings,compounded as it were of a great number {landing vpon one mid¬ dle rib,cuery one whereof is like a feather, and nicked in the edges,and on the backfidc are {princk- ledas it were withaveriefineearthie coloured duft or fpots ^ which, many rafhly haue taken for feeder the roote confifteth of a number of tufts or threds,and is thickeandbladke: andis without ftalkeand feede,and altogither barren. 2 The female Feme hath neither flowers nor feed,butone onely ftalke which is chamfered,fom« thing edged,hauing a pith within ofdiuers colours, the which being cut aflope, there appeeretha certaine forme of a fpred Eagle .-about this ftande very many leaues which are winged, and like to the leaues of the male Ferne,butle{Ter: the roots is long and blacke,andcreepeth in the ground be¬ ing now and then an inch thicke,or fome what thinner 5 this is alfo of a ftrong fmell, as is the male. & The place. Both the Femes are delighted to growe : inbarren 3 drie 3 anddefert places; and as Horace te- ftifieth; TtjgleBis vrenda fifox innaficitur agris. , * . ■ •. v : .• ■ It commeth not vp in manured and dunged places, for if itbe dunged as Theofhrajhtsm his 8. booke 8. chapter reporteth,it withereth away. The Male ioieth in open and champion places^on mountaines and ftonie grounds as Dioficorides faith. The Female is often found about the borders of fields vnder thornes and in fhadowie woods. is The 91 o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE He The time. Both tilde Femes wither away in winter 3 in the fpring there grow foorth new Ieaues 3 which con¬ tinue greene all fommer long. He The names. The former is called in Greeke^e^AtoWer in his difcourfe of Treacles nameth it£\i hy V : in / Latine Fiiix mas : in Italian Felce ; in Spanifh Helecho , Falguero , and Feyto: in high Dutch Jfacne: in French Fougere , or Feuchtere majle: in lowe Dutch GJatCn ^atUtCfcCn X in Englilh male Feme. Thefecondkinde is called in Grecke that is^Filix fccmina , or female Feme: in Latine as Dtofcorides notzth among baftard names ^Lingua cerulna: in high Dutch altlt jf atU and ^csf?jfamkraut: in low Dutch Oa«n CRElfiffcein in French Fougere Fcmelle ' in Englifh Brake 3 common Ferne 3 and Female Feme. H The temperature. Both the Femes are hot 3 bitter and drie,and fomthing binding. He The vertues . The rootcofthe male Feme being taken to the weight of halfe an ounce, driueth foorth long, flat wormes out of the belly, as Diofcorides writeth,being drunkc in mcade or honied water's & more effectually if it be giuen with two fcruples or two third parts of a dram of Scamoniepi of black Hel- lebor ;they that will vie it faith he 3 muil firft eate Garlicke: after the fame maner 3 as Galen addeth 3 it killeth the childe in the mothers wombe: the roote heereofis reported to be good for them that haueillfpleenes: and being (lamped with fwines grealeand applied, it is a remedie againft the pricking ofthe reeds for proofeheereof as D/^^^jfaith 3 the Feme dieth, if the reed beplanted about it,and contrari wile,that the reed diethifitbecompafied with Feme, which is vain tothinke 3 that it hapneth by an antipathy or natural hatred 3 and not by reafon that this Feme profpereth not B in moift places,nor theReede indrie. The female Feme is of like operation with the former, as Galen faith: Diofcorides reporteth that this brjngethbarrennes ,efpecially to women; andthatitcaufeth women to bedeliuered before their time: he aadeth that the powder heereoffinely beaten is laide vpon olde vlcers; and healcth the galled neckes of oxen and other cattle: it is alfo reported that the rooteofFerne call into an C Hogthed of wine kcepeth the fame from fowring. The roote of male Feme fodden in wine 3 is good againft the hardnes and flopping of the milt: and being boiled in water ftaieth the Iaske in yoong children,if they be fet ouer the decoCtion ther- of to cafe their bodies by a clofe ftoole. Of water Feme,or Ofmund the water man . Chap . 4.50. ik The defeription. I T ¥ T Ater Feme hath a great triangled flalke two cubits high 3 befet vpon each fide with V \/ large leaues fpread abroad like wings,and dented or cut like Polypodie: thefe leaues are like the large leaues of the Afh tree: for doubtlefte when I firft faw them a far off,it caufed me to woonder thereat, thinking that I had feene yoong Afhesgrowing vpon a bogge, but beholding it a little neerer, I might eafilydiftinguifhitfromthe Afhe,by thebrowne, rough, and sound graines that greweoti the top of the branches 3 which yet are not the leede thereof 3 but are verielike vnto the feede: the roote is great and thicke, folded andcouered ouer with mame leales and interlacing rootes, hauing in the middle of the great and hard woodie part thereof fome Imall whitenefle, which hath beenc called the hau of Ofmund the water man. He The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 969 1 O(hmnda Recalls. Water Ferne 3 or Ofmund roiall. # The place. Itgrowethinthemidftof abogge, at the further end of Hampfteede Heath from London, ac thebottome of a hilladioining to a fmall cottage, anddiuers other places, as alfo vpondiuers boggeson a Heath or common nfcere vnto Burntwoodin Effex, efpecially neere vnto a pia^e there that fomehaue digged, to the ende for to finde a neft or mine of golde: but the birdes were ouer fledge,and flowne away before their wings could be clipped, tfc The time. It flourifherh in fbmmer as the former Femes ;tfie leaues decaie in winter :the roote continued* frefh and long lafting^vhich beingbrought into the garden profpereth as in his natiue foile 3 as my felfe haue prooued. The names. It is called in Latine O fmunda ; it is more truly named Filixpaluftris, or aquatilu: fome terme it by the name of Fihcajlrumimoft. ofthe Alchimiftes call it Lunar t a maior'.Valerius Cor dm nameth it Fi¬ ll* latifolU: it is named in high Dutch vlpJOf? jf fiftt X ha Iowc Dutch cLsflrCHjtlllt (HntCtt £ in Englifh water Ferne 3 Ofmund the waterman, offome Saint Chriftophers herbe 3 and Ofmund f ft The temperature. The roote of this alfo is hot and dry,but lefle then they of the former ones. ft The vertues. The roote and efpecially the hart or middle part thereof, boiled or eTe ftamped and taken with A feme kinde of liquor, is thought to be good for thole that are wounded, dry beaten and brufed,thac haue fallen from fome high place: and for the fame caufetheEmperickesdoputitiiuieco6tions 3 which 970 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE which the later Phifitions do call wounde drinks: Tome take it to be fb effe&uall, and of fo great a vertue,as that it can diftolue cluttered bloud remaining in any inward part of the bodie, and that it alio can expell or driue it out by the wound. ; The tender fprigs therof at their firft comming foorth,are excellent vnto the purpoles aforelaid, and are good to be put into balmes,oiles,and conlolidatiues or healing plaifters, and into vnguents appropriate vnto wounds, pun<ftures,and fuch like. Of Tolypodie,QrypallFeme . Chap.^i. Polypodmm. Wall Feme,or Polypodie of the wall. *k The defeription. T He leaues ofPolypody might be thought to be like thofe of male Feme, but that they arefarrelefier, arid not nicked at all in the edges: thefe do prelently fpring vp fro the rootes being cut on both the edges with many deepe gafhes,eucnhardeto the middle rib 5 on the vp* per fide they are frnooth, on the neather fide they be lightly powdred asitwerewith duftymarkes: the roote is long, not a finger thicke, creeping a flope, on which are leene certaine little buttons like to thofe pits and dents that appeere in the tailes of cuttle fiftes: this hath in it a certaine fweetenes with a tafte fomthingharft: thiskinde ofFernelikewifewanteth not onely flowers and ieede,but ftalkes allb. "k The place. It groweth on the bodies of olde rotten trees, and alfo vpon old wals, and the tops ofhoules: it is likewife founde among rubbifh neere the bor¬ ders of fieldcs,efpecially vnder trees and thornes, and now and then in woods: and in lome places it groweth ranke and with a broader leafe,in others not lo ranke,and with a narrower leafe. That which groweth on the bodies of olde Okes is preferred before the reft: in fteede of this moft do vie that which is founde vnder the Okes, which for all that isnot to be termed Quercinum&t Polypodie of theOke. k The time. Polypodie is greene all the yeere long,and may be gathered at any timej it bringeth foorth newe leaues in the firft fpring. it The names. The Grecians call it of the holes of the fifties Polypi , appeering in the rootes: it is cah led in Latine Polypodium, after the Grecke name, and many times Filicula , as though they fhoulde fay Farm Filtx, or little Feme: the Italians name it Polipodio .-the Spaniards Filipodio , and Polypodto: in high Dutch CngelfUf?, OBaUttlfartfc £)?0pffoiurt5: in lowe Dutch CBOOUl hareit: in Flench Polypode: and we of England Polypodie: rhat which groweth vpon the wal we call Polypodie of the wall, and that on the Oke,Polypodie of the Qke. k The temperature. Polypodie doth dire,but yet without biting as Galen writeth. * The vertues. Diofcordes writeth that it is of power to purge and to drawe forth choler and flegme. i^fBaarh# addeth HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 9 7? addeth that it likewife purgeth melancholy.-others fuppofe it to be without any purging force at al, or eHe to hauc verielittle : of the fame minde is alfo lobannes CMonxrAni , who thinketh that it pur- gethveriegently5 which thing isconfinned by experience, the miftris of things. For in verie deede Polypodie of it (elfe doth not purge at al,but onely ferueth a little to make the bellie foluble, being boiled in the broth of an old cocke with Beetes or Mallowes, or other like things that mooue to the ftoole by their ilipperines. loannes Ctecfucs reckoneth vp Polypodie among thole things that doeelpecially drie and make thinne: peraduenture he had refped to a certainekmde of Arthritis , or ache in the ioints: in which not one onely part of the bodie, but many togither moft commonly aretouched: forwhichitis verie much cornmended aMenapiis and other inhabitants about the riuer Rhene, and the Maze* In this kinde of difeafe the hands, the feete, and the ioints of the knees and elbowes do fwcll. There is ioined withall a feeblencs in moouing thorow the extremitie of the paine: lometimcs the vpper parts are lefle grceued,and the lower more. The humours do alfo cafily runne from one place to another,and then fettle. Againft this dileafe the Geldres & Cleuelanders dovfe thedecodlion of Polypodie, whereby they hope that the fuperfluotis humours may be wa r Red and dried vp , and that not by and by, but in continuance of time: for they appoint that this deco&ion fhould be taken for certainc daies togither. But this kindof gout is fooner taken away.either.by blond letting,or by purgations,or by both,& B -afterwardes by fweate 5 neither is it harde to be cured if thefe generall remedies be vfed in time .-for the humours do not remaine fixed in thofe ioints,but arc rather gathered togither then fetled about them. Therefore the bodie mild out of hand be purged, and then that which remaineth is to be wafted C and confumed away by fuch things as procure fweate. Furthermore Diofcorides faith, that the rocte of Polypodie is verie good for members out of D ioint,and for chaps betweene the fingers. The rootes of Polypodie boiled with a little honie, water, and pepper, andthequantitieof an E ounce giuen, erriptieth the belly ofcholericke and pituitous humours; fome boile it in waterand wine, and giue thereof to the quantitie of three ounces for fome purpofes with good fucceffe. Hr T he defer if tion. 1 'TV Olypodie of the Oke is much like vnto that ofthe wall, yettheleauesof it are more finelie I-' cut,(mooth on the vpper fide,of a pale green£ colour, togither with the ftalke and the mid¬ dle ribs>;on the neather fide rough likethole of Feme: this Feme alfo liueth without a flalks it groweth without feede: theroote hath many firings faftned to it, one folded within another, of a meane bignes,and fweete in tafte: it fendeth foorth heece and there new dodkins or fpringes, whereby it increafeth. 2 This kinde of Feme called Dryopteris, or FilixquerttA^ hath Ieaues like vnto the female Feme be- fore fpoken of (called by the name Feme or brakes) but much lefter, fmaller, and more finely cut or iagged, andisnoraboueafoote high, being a verie (lender and delicate tender herbe. The Ieaues are fo finely iagged that in fhevve they refemble feathers fet round about a (mail ribbe or finewe;the back fide being fprinckled,not with ruftet or brown marks or (pecks, as the other Femes are, but as itwerepainted with white fpots or marks, notwithftanding out of the Ieaues in (cales b as thefpots in the male Feme which are double vpon eache leafe,clofe vnto the middle rib or finew.Thc root is long,brown,& fomwhat hairic, verie like vnto Polypodie,but much flenderer, of a In arp & cauftick tafte.Sundrie ignorant apothecaries fuppofing that this was alfo a kind of Polypodie, haue vfed the fame in their medicines for Polypodie, greatly abufing the patients therein, for theroote of Dry^' opteris is verie bitter in tafte, of apernicious and naughtie qualitie,vtterly forbidden in medi** cine. $>.74 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE I Poly podium Que rein urn. Polipodie of the Oke. 2 Filix QuernA-fiue Dryopterk. I I I I /O LiU'«*C*0 $ The piece. It is oftentimes f^ound in funnie places in the valleies of mountaincs and little hils 3 andin the tops of the trunks of trees of thicke woods,, 7 he time. The leaues heereof perifh in winter, in the fpring new come foorth. ft 7 he names. This is called in Greeke^pvo^wV: in Latine Querna Filix: Oribafiw in his i i.booke of Phificall coiledaons calleth it Bryopteyu ofthe moffe with which it is foundifor as Diofc. writeth 3 it groweth in the rnofle of Okcs: the Apothecaries in times part mifcalled it by the name of K^ddiantum- but they did woorfe in putting’t in compound medicines in (feed of Adiantum • Valerius Cordus calleth it Ptertdion : in lowe Dutch ClfCf Otfcatilt t the Spaniards Helecho dercble: it is named in Hnglifh Oke Feme, Pettie Ferne 3 and it may raoft fitly be called Mofie Feme* ft The temperature and virtues. Polypodie of the Oke hath many taftes: it is fiveete 3 biting,and bitrer 3 it hath in the roote aharfh or choking tafte,and a mortilying qualitie,and therefore it taketh away haires. Diofcorides doth alio report, that Oke Feme (lamped rootes and all 3 is a remedie to roote vp haires,, ifit be applied to the body after (wearing,and the I weate wiped away. B His other venues and faculties in working, arc referred vnto the Polypodie of the wall, but’this Polypodie is not holden to be fo good nor holfome for Phifickes vfe as the other } although fome neWe fanglers attribute more vnto this then is due. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Of blacke Oke Feme. Chap .4.53. 575 I Onopteru nuts. The male blacke Feme. 2 Onopterii feemina. The female black Feme. # The description. 1 r i” f Here is alfo a certaine other kinde of Feme like to the former Oke Feme; but the ftalkes J[ and ribs of the leaues are blackifh, and the leaues of a deeper greene colour: this doth growe alio out immediately from the root, and is likewife diuerfly, but not fo finely inden¬ ted : the roote is made vp of many firings, not vnlike toPolypodie of the Oke,but much lefter. 2 The female blacke Feme is like vnto the male, failing his leaues are not fo lharpe at the points, more whiter and broader then the male,wherein confifteth the difference. The place. They grow likewife vpon trees in fhadowie woods,and now and then in fhadowie fandy bankes, and vnder hedges. # The time. They remaine greene all the yeere Iong,otherwife then Polypodie and maidens haire do: yet do they not ceafe to bring foorth newe leaues in fummer: they are deftitute of flowers and feede, as is the former. •kThe names. This is called of diuers of the later Herbarifts Dryopteris nigra, or blacke Oke Feme, of the like- nesthatit hath with Dryopteris, which we haue called in Englifh Oke Feme, orMoffeFerne : of othcvsi^fMantumnzgrum^or blacke Maidens haire, thatitmay differ from the former, which is falfely called Adiantum ; there are of the later Herbarifts who would haue it to be Lonchitis a (per a, or rough fpleenwoort: but what likenes hath it with the leaues of Scolopendrium ? none at all: there¬ fore THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE fore ft is not Lonchitis aj}era., much lelfe Adiantum Pliny. which differeth not from A.lUntu:n 7 heop, for what he hath of Adiantum, the fame he taketh out of Theophrafittt : the right ^Adiantum we will defcribe heerafter. Notwithftandingblacke Oke Feme is vied of diners vnlearned Apotheca¬ ries for ^Adiantum , or Maiden haire of Lumbardie: but thefe men do erre in doing 16 , yet not 16 much as they, who take Polypodie of the Oke for the true Maiden haire. # The temperature and vertues . The black Oke Feme hath no ftiptike qualitie at all,but is like in facultic to Trichomanes, or Eng- tifh Maiden haire. OfHarts toong . I Phyllitii. 2 Phyllitu multifida. Harts toonp. Finger Harts toong. The defer iption. 1 ^"VTic common kinde of Harts toong called Phyllitu , that is to fay, a plant confining onely d leaues,bearing neither ftalk,flower nor feed refembling in fliew a long toong,wherofit hath beene and is called in (hops Linguaceruina that is Harts toong: thele leaues arc a foots Iong,lmooth and plaine vpon one fide,but vpon that fide next the ground,ltraked ouerthwartwith certamelong rough markcs,!ike fmall wormes,hanging on thebackfidc therof: the roote is black hairie,and twffted,or 16 growing as though it were wound togither. 2 The other kinde of Feme called Phylutii mu, tifidtt, or Lacwiata, that is iagged Harts toong, i: veo HI 5 TORIE OF PLANTS. 977 ery like vnto the formcr,(auing that the leaucs thereof are cut or lagged like a mans hand, or the palrne and browantles of a Dearc,bearing neither ftalkc,flower,nor feede. Thereis another kinde of Harts toong called Hemioniti*, which hath bred fomcconrrouerfie among ancient writers:for fomc haue tooke it for a kinde of Harts toong,as it is indeed ; others de- ticribe it as a proper plane by it felf,called Hemiomtis ,of hat is Mulus ,a Mulc,bicaufe Mules do delight to feedetbercon:itisbarrenof(eeds,ftaiks,&:flowers,2ndinfhapeagreerh very well with our Harts toong: the rootes are compact ofmany blackifh haires : the kaues are (potted on the backfide like the common Harts toong, and diifereth in that, that this Hemiomtis in the bate or lowed parts of the leaues, is arched after the manner of a newe Moonc , or a forked arrowejthe yoongeft and (mailed leaues,being like vnto the great Bindwecd,cal!ed VokhH'u. There is a kind of Feme,called likewife Hemionitu ftenlu,™ hich is a very linall & bale herbe,not aboue a finger high,hauing fower or fine fmall leaues of the fame fubftance and colour, fpotred on the backe part,and in tafte like Harts toong^but the leaues beare the fhape of them of Totabona or good Hemic, which many of our Apothecaries do abiifiuelv take for Mercuric: the rootes are very fmooth, blacke, and threddie, bearing neither ftalke, flower, nor (cede : this plant my very good friendc Mafter Nicholas Bclfon founde in a grauellie lane in the way leading to Oxev parke neero vnto Watforde, fifteene miles from London: it groweth likewife on the done walles of Hampton Court, in the garden of mafter Hudgens keeper of the (aide houfc cr pailace. There is a kinde of Feme called alio Htmionitis ,but with this addition Peregrim, that is very (el- dome founde, and hath leaues very like vnto Harts toong, but thatit is palmed or branched in the part next the grounde , almoft in maner of the (econd Phyllitis , at the top of the leaues 5 otherwise they referable one another,in nature and forme. ie The place, I ; 1 The common Harts toong groweth by the waies fides, as yee trauell from London to Exceter in great plentie,in fhadowie places, and moift (Ionic valleies and wels, and is much planted in gar^> dens.- ' The fecond I found in the garden of mafter Crdmcich a Chirurgion, dwelling at Much-dunmcvv iiiEftcXjwho gaue me a plant for my garden. It groweth vpon Inglcborough hils,and diuers other mountaines of the north of England, & The time. It is grcenc all the yecre long, yctlefte greene in winter: infommeritnoweand thenbringeth foorthnewe leaues; *k The names. It is called in Greeke in Latine alfo Phyllitis : in Chops Lingua ceru’xa,and falfely Scolopen- drufot it diifereth much from the right Scolopcndrta, or Stone Feme: it is called in high Dutch Mlfymn; t in lovve Dutch fpctftangc: in Spanifh Lengui ceruina: in French Langue deCerf: in Englifh Harts toong , offome Stone Harts toong: \^dpulei M 'm his 83. Chapter nanieth ic Ta- dioUu. ! - i The temperature. - . . . ^ It is of a binding and drying facultie. ic Thevertues. This common Harts toong is commended againft thelaske and bloudie flixe: BiofcorUes tea- h cheth,that being drunkc in wine it is a remedy againft the bitings of (erpents. It doth open the hardnes and flopping of the (pleene and liuer, and all other griefes proceeding B of oppilations or ftoppings w|iat(oeucr. Qjm Of I ji;/S THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Spleenewoort } or zSMilt watte. Chap.^5. I AfplemuttofmcCeterAch. 2 Lone hit is after a. Splecnewoort or Miltwafte. # The defeription. 1 PJeenewoortbeing thatkinde ofFerne called ^Aftlemum or ceterach , and the true Scale- pcffdria,hath leaues a fpan long,iagged or cut vpon both (ides, euen hard to the middle rib; cucry cutorincifure being as it were cut halfe rounde ( whereby it is knownefrom the rough Spleenewoort) notone cut right againft another, but one befides the other, let in feuerali order,beingflippery and greene on the vpperfide, fbft and downie vnderneath; which when they be withered are folded vp togither like afcrole, andhairie without, much like to the rough Beare- worme wherewith menbake their hookes to catch fifh: the roote is final] ,blacke,and rough, much platted or interlaced,hatiing neither ftalke, flower,nor feedes. s Rough Spleenewoort is partly like the other Femes in fheweand beareth neither ftalke nor "ieede, bailing narrow leaues a foote long, and feme what longer, flafhed on the edges euen to the middle ribjfmooth on the vpperfide,and of a fwart green colour; vnderneath rough,as is the leaues ofPolypodie: the roote is blacke,and fet with a number of (lender firings. 3 This kinde of Splecnewoort is not onely barren of ftalkes and feeds,but alfo of rhofe fpots and markes wherewith the others are footted: the leaues arefewe in number, growing pyramidisor iteeplewife,great and broad belowe, and fharper towards the top by degrees: the roote is thicke blackc,and bufhic,asit were a Crowes neft, Lcmhttk Rough Spleenewoort. 0 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 979 LonchitU Maranth*. Baftard Spleen cwoort. e^The place. Ceterach groweth vpon old ftone wals & rocks., in darke and fhadowie places throughout the weft part of Englande; efpecially vpon the ftone wals by Briftowe, as yoir go to Saint Vincents rocked and likcwife about Bathe , Wels 5 andSa- lisburie, wherelhauefeene great plenty thereof. The rough Spleenewoort groweth vpon bar¬ ren heathes, dry fandie banks & fhadowieplaces in moft parts of Englande, but efpecially on a heath by London called Hampfteede heathy where it groweth in great abundance. 7 he rimes. Spleenewoort,or Miltwafte, is called in Greek ao-T^iyiov : in Latine likcwife L^ljplen/im, and alfo Scolopendna^ of Gaza Mala herba : in fhops Cete¬ rach : in high Dutch ^tCVUfant t in lowe Dutch SJgfttCrupt :in Englifh Spleen- woort, Miltwafte, Scale Feme, and Stone Feme. It is called l Ajjdemcn, bicaufe it is fpeciall good againft the infirmities of the Spleene or Milt,and Scolopendria of thehkenes that it hath with the Beare wormc,before remembred. Rough Miltwafte,is called of diners ofthe later writers AJplenrumfylueflrc, or wilde Spleenwoort: of feme zsffplen'mm magnum , or great Spleene¬ woort : Valerius Cordlus calleth it Strutiopteris, and Diofcondes Lon chit is ajpera , or rough Spleene¬ woort: in Latine according to the fame author, Longzna 3 and Calabnna: in Englifh rough Spleene¬ woort, or Miltwafte, 1 he temperature. Thefeplants are of thimie parts as Galen teftificth, yet are they not hot,but in a meane. is The vertues. Diofcondes teacheth,that the Ieaues boiled in wine and drunke by the fpace of fortie daies, doth & take away infirmities of the Spleene; helpeth the ftrangurie ,and yellow iaundife,caufeth the ftone in the bladder to moulder and pafle away; all which are performed by fuch things as be of thinne andfubtill parts: he addeth likewife that they ftaie the Hicket, or yeoxing, & alfo hinde- reth conception, either inwardly taken, or hanged about the partie; and therefore faith Plime Spleenewoort is not to be giuen to vvomen,bicaufe it bringethbarrennes. There be Empericks or blinde pratftitioners of this age,who teach,that with this herbe not one- B ly.the hardneffe and fwelling of the Spleene, but all infirmities of the liner alfo may be efrec- tuallie, and inverie fhort time remooued, infbmuch that the fodden liner of a bead is refto- red tohisconftitutionagaine, that is, made like to a rawe liner, if it be boiled againc with this herbe. But this is to be reckoned among the old wiues fables, and that alfo which Diofcondes teffeth C of touching the gathering of Spleenewoort in the night, and other moft vaine things, wfiieh are foundeheere and there fcattered in the old writers books: from which moft of the larer writers donotabftaine, who many times fill vp their pages with lies and friuolous toies,and by Co doing do not a little deceuie yoong ftudents. • i;o: t THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of diners fmallFemes. Cbap.^6. ft Thekindcs. T Here be diuers forts of dwarffe Femes ^differing in their place of growing, as fhall be declared in their feuerall titles and defcriptions,as alfo in forme. I Filtcula font mo, mas. The malefountaine Feme. 2 Filtcula font ana femina. The female fountaine Feme. ikTbe definition. 1 ^T^His final or dwarfe Feme,which isfeldome found except in the banks offlonie fountaines, I wels,and rocks bordering vpon riuers, is very like vnto the common Brakes in leaues, but altogither lelfer: the roote is compofed of a bundle of blackc threddy firings. 2 The female which is found likewife by running llreames,wels, and fountaines, vpon rocks and flonieplaces, is like the precedent, but is a great deale fmaller 5 blacker of colour, fewer roots and ihorter. g The male dwarffe Feme thatgroweth vpon the flonie mountaines of the north and weft parts cl Englande, cfpecially toward the fea, and alfo in the ioints of flone wals among the mor> ter, hath (mall leaues deepely cut on both fides, like vnto Cetcrach or Spieenewoort, barren both of (cedes and (lalkes,as alfo of thofe (pots or marks that are to be leene vpon the backe part of the other Femes: the roote creepeth along, let with fome fewe hairie firings, relembling thofe of the Oke Feme, called Dryopteri-t. 4 The female Hone Feme hath diuers long leaues riling from a threddie roote, contrarie to that of the male, compofed of many finall leaues finely minced or cutte like the teeth of a fawe, of a whitifh grecne colour,without any Ipots or marks at all, feedes or llalkes, which groweth vnder fhadowie rocks, and craggic mountaines in moll places. 3 FilicuU historie of plants. 3 TiliculapetrAanvtt. The male dwarfeftone Feme. 4 Tiliculapetraifoemina , fme Chtwufitix marina The female dwarfe (lone Feme, (^Anglica* •ft The place. The place is touched in the deferiptiort. ,•fcThctimci They flourifh both winter and fommer, for when the Ieaues wither by reafon of age, there ^rifo yoong to fupplie the placc/o that they are not to be feene without greene and withered Ieaueslbcth . cjv.i , ,prt atonce. L* 'C "o • -yj-ii- i • "i l i K i ' r ft The names. It fufficeth what hath bcene faidc of the names in their feucrall titles; notwithftanding thclaft deferibed we haue called Ckamafilix mar in a Anglic a>. Which growethvpon the rockie cliffe neerc Harwich,as alfo at Douer among the Sampire thapthere groweth. ft The temperature ap^ vertues. Their temperature and faculties iti working are referred to thekiades of blacke Oke Femes, cat led Dryopterv&nd Onopteru. .. . u gu:>: '' ■ P ' ‘' “ *3 i< Of true if\£ai'den baire. Cbap.^y o natir nd v. : p.irfT irjo.i » r ; i / on i/! ) I f ,y: . ; , J-J.J ' ' » ion u; .7 Jr- ' ft The ktndes. H VHeophraHui and Plinie haue fet downe two Maidenhaires,the blacke and the white; whereuntb ^ may be added another called Rut a murartii or wall Rue, equall vnto the others in faculties whereof we will intreat. . . 3 z THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ft The description, 1 T 7 T T Ho fo will followc the variable opinions of writers, concerning the Feme called y y Adi ant hum vemm,cr Capilhu veneris z^mqmufiof nccelfme be brought into a laby¬ rinth of doubts,confidering the diuers opinions thereof: but this knowe, that Venus hairc,or Maiden haire,is a lowe herbe growing an hand high, fmooth, of a darke crimlbn colour, and glittering withall: the leaues be (mail,cut in funder,and nicked in the edges lomthing like thofc of Cori ander,confuledly or without order placed: the middle rib whereof is of a blackc tinning co¬ lour: the rooteconfifteth of many (mall threddie firings. ' r 2 This Adyrian Maiden haire is likewile a bafeor lowe herbe, hauing l eaues, flat, fmooth, and plainest vpon a blackifh middle jib, like vnto that of the other Maiden haire,.cut or notched in the edges,nature keeping no certaine formejbut making one leafe of this fafhion, and another far different from it: the roote is tough and threddie. 3 This plant which we haue inferred among the Adianthes as a kinde thereof, may without er- rourlopaffe, which is in great requeft in Flanders and Germanie, where the praditioners in Phi* ficke do vie the lame in fleede of Captllus generis , and with better fuccefle then any of the Capil- lareherbes,although Muthiolus^oADiofcorides himfelfe hath made this wall Rue to be a kinde of Paronychia,ox'Na\\cwoon : notwirhftanding the Germaines will not leaue the vfe thereof, butre. ceiue it as the true Adianth, efteeming it equal!, if not farre better, then either Ceterach , C af Hitts Veneris vermfc T r:coma.nes,c ailed alfo Folytrichon : it bringeth foorth very many leaues,round and (lender,cut into two or three parts,very hardein handling,fmooth and grecr.e on the outlide,of an euill fauoured dead colour vnderneath, let with little fine (pots, which euidently fheweth it to be a kinde of Feme : the roote is blacke and full of firings. 3 Rut* HI ST O RIE OF PLANTS. 9S3 3 Rut amur Aria,fine faluiavita. Wall Rue,or Rue Maiden haire. & The place, ' The right Maiden haire groweth vpon wals, in (Ionic,fhadowie and moift places, neerevnto fountaines, and where water droppeth: it is a ftranger inEnglande; notwithftanding I haue heard it reported by fome of good credit, that ic groweth in diners places of the weft countrey ofEngland. The Affyrian Maiden haire taketh his fur- narre ofhis natiue countrey A(Tyria 3 it is a ftran¬ ger in Europe. Stone Rue groweth vpon old wals neerevn¬ to waters,wels,andfountaines:Ifoundc it vpon * the wall of the churchyard of Dartford inKent 5 hard by the riuer fide where people ridethrogh, and alfo vpon the wals of the chtirchyarde of Sittingburne in the fame Countie 3 in the middle of the towne hard by a great lake of water, and alfo vpon the Church wals of Railey in Efiex, and diuers other places. The time. Thefe plants are greene both winter and fom- mer 3 and yet haue neither flowers nor feed. # Tie mmes. Maiden haire is called in Greek a J)dvv>v . Theo - phrajlm and Pliny name it o ddiantum nigrum, or blacke Maiden haire: for they fet downe two y Maiden haircs 3 the blacke and the white, making this the black,and the Rue of the wall the white: it is called in Latine Polytrichumycdlitrichum , Cin¬ ema Hi, Terra Cap? Hits, dp era hum terra j of ^Apulei us ,Capillus Vcne? is , Capillar is, Crimta , and of di¬ uers Coriandrumputei : the Italians keepe the name Cap ill us Veneris : in Englifh black Maiden hairc 3 and Venus haire 3 and maybe called our Ladies haire. It is called Lsfdianton bicaufe the leafe 3 as Theophrajlm faith 3 is neuerwet,for it cafteth off water that falleth thereon 3 or being drowned andcouetedin water 3 itremaincth (till as if it were dry, as P4'#/£ like wife writeth; and-is termed Calhtrichon and Polytrichon , of the effect it hath in dying baire 3 and making it gro w thicke. Wall Rue is commonly called in Latine Rut a muraria,ot Rut a muralu , of fome Salma vita, btic wherefore Iknowenot, neither themfelues, if they were lining: of the Apothecaries of thelowe countries Capillus Veneris, or Maiden haire, and haue vfed it a long time for the right Maiden haire ° 3 it is that kind of Adiantum which Theophrajlus termeth Adiantum Candidumpt white Maiden haire, for he maketh two,one blacke,and the other white,as we haue (aide. Plinie doth likewife fet downe two kinds,one he calleth Polytrichon,xhz other T richomanes ,• or Englifh Maiden haire 3 whereof we will intreat in the Chapter following, which he hath falfely (et downe for a kinde o £ Adiantum , for Truhonunes doth differ from Adiantum. Some there be that th:nkc,Wall Rue is Paronychia Diojcoridisysr Diofcorides his Whitlow woorr, wherein they haue beene greatly deceiued: it is called in high Dutch Sl^ftUtrtUUCR J in low Dutch dtfgtyCtlipti ”1 French Rucde Muraille : in Englifh WallRue,and whiteMaiden haire. 'll 7 he temperature and vertues. The true Maiden haire 3 as Galen teftifieth,doth dric 3 make thin 3 waftc away,and is in a meanebe' A twceneheateandcoldnes; Mefues (heweth that itconfiftethof vnlikeor difagreeing partes, and that fome are waterie and earthie, and the fame binding, and another fuperficially hot and thin. And that by this it taketh away obftrudtions or ftoppings, maketh things thin that are thicke, loo- feneth the belly ,efpecially when it is frefh and greene : for as this part is thin, fo is it quickly refol- ■ j T ' . Qqq 4 ucd, S>84 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE tied,and that by reafon of his binding and earthie partes: it ft oppeth the belly, and ftaieth the laske and other fluxes. B Being drunke it breaketh the ftone, and expclleth not onely the ftones in the kidneies, but alfo thofe which fticke in theicidneies. C Itraifeth vp grofie and ilimie humors out of the cheft and lungs , and alio thole which fticke / in the conduits of thewindepipe,itbreakethandraifeththemoutby fpetting,if a loche or licking medicine be made thereof. D Moreouer,itconfumetb andwafteth away the Kings euill, and other hard fwellings, as the fame author affirmeth, and it maketh the haire of the head or beard to growe that is fallen and pilled off. E DiofcoricLes reckoneth vp many vertues and operations of this Maiden haire, which do not onely differ,but are alfo contrarie one to another.Among others he faith,that the fame ftancheth blood: and a little before,that it draweth away the fecondines,&: bringeth down the delired ficknes,which words do confound one another with contrarieties, for whatfoeuer things do ftanch blood, the fame do alfo ftay the termes. F He addeth alfo in the end,that it is fowen about fheepefoldes for the benefite of the fheepe, but what that benefit ihould be 3 he fheweth not. G Befides,thatitcannotbefowen 3 byreafonitis without feede, it is euident, neither can it fitly be remooued. Therefore in this place it feemeth that many things are tranlpoied from other places, and falfly added to this chapter: and peraduenture fome things are brought hither out of thedif- courfe o^CytifMpx MilkeTrefoyle,whereof to write were to fmallpurpofe. H Wall Rue is not much vnlike to blacke Maiden haire 3 in temperature arid facultie. I Wall Rue is good for them that haue the cough 3 that are fhort winded 3 and that be troubled with flitches and paine in their fides. K Being boiled, it cauleth conco&ion of rawc humours w hich fticke in the lungs 5 it taketh away the paine of the kidneies and bladder,it gently proem eth vrine,and driueth foorth ftones. L It is commended againft ruptures in yoong children,and fome affirme it to be excellent good, if the powder thereof be taken continually for forty daies togither. ■yV f* [ ‘ \ * ' ' • \ . ’ Of Englifh or common Maiden haire . Chap, zj.58. •k The kindes. There be two fortes of our common Maiden hairc 3 the greater and the Iefler. The defeription, E T"^ Nglifh Maiden haire hath long leaues of a darke grecne colour, confifting of very many fmall round leaues fet vpon a middle rib,of a fhining blacke colour, dafhed on the ncather fides with fmall rough markes orfpeckes, of an ouerworne colour: therootes arefmall and threddie. 2 The female Englifh Maiden haire is like vnto the precedent, fauing that it is Iefler, and warn tech thofe fpots or markes that are ift the other,wherein confifteth the difference. 1 Trichomxnes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Trichomanesmas. The Male Englilh Maiden haire. 2 Trichomanesfawiina • The Female Englifh Maiden haire. el? 3L _<8 m fgj§| The place. It groweth for the moft part neere vntofpringsandbrookes, and other moiftpIaces 3 vpon olde ftone vvals and rockes: I founde it growing in a fhadowie fandie lane in Betfome 3 in the parifh of Southfleete in Kcnt 3 vpon the ground whereas there was no ftones or ftonie grounde neere vnto it 3 which before that time I did neuer fee 3 it groweth likewife vpon the ftone wals of hir Maiefties pallace ofRichmond 3 and in moft ftone wals of the weft and north parts of England. ii The time. It continueth a long time,the coldnes of winter dothrit no harme 3 it is barren as the other Femes are,whereof it is a kinde. The names. It is called in Greeke in Latine Fihcula , as though we fhould fay Parua Ft/ix, or little F erne; alfo Capillar is .* Apuleius in his 5i.chapter, makethitallone with Callitrichon: offome it is called Polytrichum: in Englifh common Maiden haire. it The temperature and vertues. Thefe ,as Diojcorides and Galen do write 3 haue all the faculties belonging to Adiantum , or blacke A Maiden haire. The decodion made in wine anddrunke, helpeth them that are fhort winded 3 it helpeth the B cough 3 ripeneth tough flegme,and auoideth it bylpetting. T he lie wherein it hath beenefodden, or laid toinfufe, is good to wafh the head 3 caufing the G feurffe and feales to fall off,and haire to growe in places that are pild and bare. Of ThiUles. Cbap.^jy. & 7 he kindes. HP He matter of the 1 hiftles is diners,feme Thirties ferue for nourifhment 3 as the Artichoke with- A outprickles , and the Artichoke with prickles 5 other for medicines 5 as the roote o icarlme which p86 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE which is good for many things j the blefledThiftle alfo, otherwife called Ca.rduitibeneJ.ichu: Sea Huluer , and diners others: fome are poifonfome, as chamaleonniger ; one finooth , plaine, and without prickles,as the Ihiftle called Beares Breech, oc Acanthus Jatmus, whereof there is another with prickles,which we make the wilde,ofthe which two we intende to write in this Chapter. AcanthusJatmus. Garden Beares breech. # The definition . Eares breech of the garden hath broade Ieaues,frnootb, fomewhat blacke, gafhed on both the edges, and fet with many cuts and fine nicksrbetweene which rifeth vp in themiddeft a bigge ftaike brauely deckt with flowers, let in or¬ der from the middle vpwarde, of colour white, of foimelong, which are armed as it were with two catkins, one higher, another lower : after them grow foorth the huskes, in which is fotinde broad feede: the rootes be black without and white with¬ in, and full ofclammieiuice, andarediuided into many ofsprings, which as they creepe farre, fo do they now and then bud foorth and growe afrefh: thefe rootes are lo full of life,that how little foeuer of them remaineih, it oftentimes alio bringeth foorth the whole plant. Wilde Beares breech called Acanthus fyluefiris, Tern fetteth forth for Chameleonta Monfpellitnfium , and reporteth that he found it growing amongft the graueJlie and moift places neere to the wals of Monrpellier,and at the gate of AEgidia,betweenc the fountaine and the brooke neere to the wall: this Thiftle is in ftaike, flowers, colour of Ieaues and feede like the firft kinde,but ihorter and lower, hauing large Ieaues, dented oriagged with manie cuts and incifions,notone!y in fome fewe parts of the leaues,as fome other Thiftles, but very thicklic dented or clouen,and hauing many fharpe and harde prickles about the fidesof the diuifions and cuts,not very eafie to be handled or touched without danger to the hand and fingers. # Theplace. Diofcorideswritcthjthat garden BrankeVrfine groweth in moift and ftonie places, and alfo in gardens: it were vnadtiifedly done to feeke it in either of the Germanies any where, but in gardens onely s in my garden it doth growe very plentifully. The wild was found in certaine places of Italie neer to the fea,by that notable learned man o 4 /- fonfm Pancius, Phifition to the Duke of Ferrara,and profefforof fimples anti Phificke,and is a ftran- ger in England. •k The time. Both the BrankeVrfines do flower infommcrfeafbn, the feede is ripe in Autummerthe rootc remaineth frefh; yet nowe and then it perifheth in winter in both the Germanies, if the weather be too cold: but in England it feldome or neuer dieth. & 7 he names. It is called in Greeke esWSo? ■ the Latines keepe the fame name Acanthus , yet doth Acanthushg* nine generally allkindeof Thiftles ,and this is called Acanthusbs the figure Antonomafia ; the En¬ gl ifh narneis Branke Vrfine.and Beares Breech. The tame or garden Branke Vrfine is named in Latine Satiuus , or Hortenfis Acanthus ,in Greeke : and of Galen, Ortbafius and Pliniey-tKopQvw.oc plinie alfo calleth this ^Acanthus lauis y or linooth BrankeVrfine, and reporteth it to be a citie herbe and to feme for arbors Tome name it Branca HISTORIE OF PLANTS. <? 8 7 BrancaVrfna, ( others vfe to call Cowparfnep by the name of Branca f'rfaa) the Italians call it Aantbo, and Branca Or fax ; the Spaniards Term G/guante: the ingrauers of old time were woont to carue the leaues of this Branke Vrfineinpillers, and other workes, and alfovpon the cares of pots,as among others Virgdl teftifieth in the third Eclogof hisBucolickes. Et nobii idem Alcimedon duo pocula fecit , Et molli circum ejl an fas ample xus Ac ant ho. The other Branke VrfineisnamedinGrecke «?>&«>< «W8of, andinLatine Sylueftriu^dcanthus or wilde branke Vrfine, and they may be called properly*'^*, or a prickle; by which name it is found called of moft Herbarifts Acanthus: yet there is alfo an other Acanthus a thornie fhrub: the liquor which ifliieth foorth of it as Herodotus and TheophraBus affirme, is a gumme; For difference whereof peraduenturq this kinde of Acanthus is named Herbacantha. There is likewife founde among the baftard names of Acanthus the worde OU amofaria , and alfo Crepula, but it is not expreF fed to which of them, whether to the wilde or tame,it ought to be referred. The temperature. The leaues of the garden Branke Vrfine confift as it were in a mcane betweenc hot and colde, being fomewhat moift, with a mollifying and gentle digefting facultie, as are thofe of the Mallow, and therefore they arc profitably boyled in differs, as wel as be Mallow leaues. Theroote,as Galen teacheth,is of a more dryis.g qnalitie. ieThe vertues. Diofcorides faith,that the rootes are a remedie for Urns that are burnt with fire, and that be out of ioint,ifthey belaide thereunto : that being drunke they prouoke vrine, and flop the belly: that they helpe thofe that be broken,and thac be troubled with the crampe, and be in a confumpcion of the lungs. * : f- They are good for fuch as haue the ptifike and fpet bloud withall/or thofe that haue fallen from B fbme high place, that are brufed and dry beaten, and that haue ouerftrained themfelues, and they are as good as the rootes of the greater Comfrey, w hereunto they are very like in fubftance, tough iuice,andqualitie. 7 / Of the fame roote is made an excellent plaifter againft the ache and numnefle of the hands and C feete. ? - ' It is pur into clifters with good fuccefTe againft fundry maladies. Of the cotton Thistle.' " Chap. 4.60. ’ Thedefcyiption. 1 r T"’Hc common Thiftle,. whereof thegreateftquantitie of do wne is gathered for diuers pur- poles,as well by the poore to fjtop pillowcs,cufhions, and beds for want of feathers, as alfo boughtof the rich Vpholfters to mixjj£with the feathers and downe they do fell, which deceit would be looked vhto: this Thiftle hath great !eaues,!ong and broade, gafhed about the ed- g^s, and let with fharpe ahd ftiffe prickles all alongft the edges, couered-all ouer with a foft cotton or dovvric: out from the middeft whereof rifeth vp a long ftalke abouc two cubites high, cornered, andfetvyith filmes, and ahofull of prickles: the heads arc likewife cornered with prickles, and bring foorth flowerscqnUflingofiOijny whitifh threds: the feede which fucceedeth them is wrap¬ ped vp in downe; it is long,of a light crimfon cotaur,anddefier then the feed'e of baftard Saftron: the roote groweth deepe in the groundC jBeing white, harde, woodie,and not without firings. 2 1 he Illyrian cotton Thiftle hath a^long naked roote, befet about the top with a fringe of manic ftnall threds or iagges.-from which arifeth a very large and tall ftalke, higher then any man, rather like a tree then an annuall herbe or plant: this ftalke is. gamifhed with fcroles of thin leaues } from the bottome to the top, fet fullof mdft horrible fharpe prickes, and fo is the ftalke and euery part of theplantjfo that it is impoftible for manor beaft to touch the lame without great hurt or danger: his leaues are very grcat,farrc broader and longer then any other thiftle whatlceuer, couered with I * an S>B3 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE an horic cotton or downe like the former: the flowers do grow at the top of the ftalkcs, which is di- uided into fundrie branches,and arc of a purple colour., fet or armed round about with the like or rather fharper thornes then the aforefaid. & The p face. Thefc Thiftlcs grow byhigh waics fides 3 and in ditches almoft euery where. .. \. r ' . k The time. \ ", ' \ \ . They flower from Iune vntill Auguft, the fccond yeere after they be iowenrand in the mean time the feede waxeth , which being thorowe ripe thcherbe perilheth, as doeiikewife molt of the ether Thillles,which liue no longer then tirtthe feed be fully come to maturitie. LZj ... . j .... ■ kThcmtmes. - dj, This Thiftle is taken for that, which is called in Greeke A yjvhov. which Viofcorides deferibeth to hade leaucs fet yyitfi prickles round about theedges, and to be couered with.a thinnedowne like a cqpweb j that rnay.be gathered and (pun to make garments of, like thofe of filke : in high Dutch it is called SSICii? ittp SU'Utfl: iri low Dutch OTCCfj ilfifel X intrench chtrdon argentin: in fejrglifh otc Thiftle .,or cotton Thiftle, white cotton Thiftle,wilde white Thiftle, Argentine or fil¬ ler Thiftle. ie The temper utitre and vertues. fSipfor/des faith,that the Ieiues and rootes heereof are a remedy for thofe thathaue their bodies drawne backwards \ thereby G&len fuppofeth that thefe are of temperature hot. Of aUr Ladies Thiftle. Chap.^.61, vii € " :.h 1' > kThe defer iption.:\z\':: ; T Heleaucsot our Ladies Thiflle are as bigge as thofe ofwhite cotton Thiftle :for-thc leaues thereofbe great,broade,large gafhed in the edges,armed with a multitude offtiifc and fharp prickles^ are thofe ofOte Thirties but they are vyithout downe 3 altogitherflippery,ofalighr greeng / HISTORIE OF PLANTS. S>8p X greene and lpeckled,with white and milkielpots and lines drawne diuers waies: theftalke is high and as bigge as a mans finger: the flowers growc foorth of heads full of prickles, beingthreds ofa purple colour: the feede is wrapped in downe like that of cotton Thiftle: the roote is long, thicke, and white. Cardum Marta, Ladies Thiftle. # Theplace. It groweth vpon waftean'dcommon places by high waies,and by dunghils, almoft euery where. # T be time. It flowreth andfeedeth when cotton Ihiftle doth. The names. It is called in Latine Car duns Latteus, and duus UWaria : in high Dutch jDnflt CltOUlCElt. SDufieT X in French char don de nojlre Dame : in English our Ladies Thiftle : it may properly be called Leuco^raphus, of the white Ipots and lines that are on the leaucs: Pliny in his 27. booke n. chapter maketh mention of an herbe called Leu- cographis but what maner of one it is he hath not exprefted; therefore it would be harde to aftirme this to be the fame that Cardtitss Leucographus is, and this is thought to be Spina alba , called in Greek«W0* or white Thiftle, miikeThiftle, and Carduus Ramptar/us,of the Arabians Bernard, or Bede guar, as Matthaus Syluaticits t:ftifieth. & 7 he temperature and vertues. The tender leaues of Cardans Lcucographw, the A prickles taken off are fometimes vfedtobe eaten with other herbes. Galenw riteth, that the rootes of Spina alba , B doth drie and moderately binde; that therefore it is good for thole that be troubled withthelaske and the bloudie flixe,that it ftaieth bleedings,wafteth away colde fwellingsjeafeth the paine of the teeth if they be wafhed with the deception thereof. ■ • 1 The lecdethcreofis ofa thin eftence and hot facultie, therforehefaiththatit isgoodfor thofe C that be troubled With cramps. Diofcorides affirmeth that the feeds being drunk are a remedie for infants that haue their finewes D drawne togither,and for thole that be bitten of lerpents : and that it is thoughtto driue awaie ler- pentSjif it be but hanged about the necke. • . Of the globe Thiftle. Chap.\6z. - b rfi There are diuers kindes of Globe Thirties. v. • . . -v' < ■ > 1 ■ ‘Af v-'SV • . * • »> * \ l' 1 . . ielhekindes. ' '* : d :r 7 . ■ , or. •/,:v; nuim. o r ' ■ iav/a. o’. 'if r -ti-rOi SI ;\ )/ C:;. v .0 y vf ..i iba ■ W The defeription. G Lobe Thiftle hath averyIongftalke,and'leaues iagged,great,long, abroad,deepely gafhed, ftrong offmeII,lomwhat green on .the vpper fide,and <?n the neather fide whiter and dovvnie: • the flowers growe foorth of a rounds head like a globe, vi'hicb ftahdeth on the tops of the ftalkes 5 they are white and fin all, with blew threds in the midft; the feede is long, with haires ofa meane length; the roote is thicke and branched. Cardum Cardwu Globojw The Globe Thiftle. ft The defeription. i There is another Globe Thiftle that hath lefler ' leaues ,but more full of prickles, wich round beds alfo: but there groweth out of them befides the flowers, certaine long and ftifte prickles. There is likewife another kind refembling the firft in forme and figure, but much lefler, & the flowers thereof tende more to a blew. the head is not (b round,that is to fay, flatter and broader aboue;out of which (pring blue flowers: the ftalke heereof is (lender, and couered with a white thinne downe;the leaues are long, gafhed likewife on both (ides , and armed in euery cor¬ ner with fharpe prickles. There is another called the downe Thiftle, which rifeth vp with thicke and long (hikes: the leaues thereof are iagged, fet with prickle s,white on the nether (ide:the heads be rounde and ma- nie in number,& are couered with a foft downe, & (harpe prickles (landing foorth on euery fide, being on the vpper part fraughted with pur¬ ple flowers all of (fringes rthe feede is long and fhineth, as doth thefeede of many of the Thi- ftles. ft T he place. They are (bwen in gardens and do not grpwe in thefe countries that we can finde. ft Thetime. r They flower and flourifh when the other Thiftles do. . .. - ftThenames . Fnchfats did at the firft take it to be chameleon niger ,but afterwards being better aduifed named it Spina per egrina JkjSar.duuf globofw: Val Cor due doth fitly call it Spberocephaiue’-t he fame name doth alfo agree with tfiereft,for they haue a rounde head like a ball or globe ; moft woulde haue the firft to be that which Mathiolw fetteth downe for Spina alba: this Thiftle is called in Englifh Globe Thiftle,and Ball Thiftle. The downe Thiftle is called in Latin being deftitute ofanother nm\$ < Eriocephaltcsp $the woolly head: inEnglifh downe Thiftlefpr cotton Thiftle 5 it is thought of diueis to be that which Bartho¬ lomew Vrbeuenetanm and Angelas Valea, Francifcane friers, report to be called Corona fratram , or Friers Crowne: but this Thiftle dothfarre differ from Eriophorut, asitiseuident by thofe things which they haue written concerning Corona fratrtm , and that is thus: In the borders of the king- dome of Aragon towards the kingdomeof Caftilewefinde another kinde of Thiftle, which gro¬ weth plentifully there by common waies and in wheate fieldes. • • ‘ , ■ : \ Vi A. r * ' n ft- The temper a. tuy# and vertues. : . , [l Concerning the temperature and vertues of thefe Thiftles we can alledge nothing at all. There is alfo another Globe Thiftle, which is the lead,and hath the fharpeft prickles of all the reft; the head is (mall; the flowers whereof are white,like to thole of the firft. There is a certaine other kinde heereof vet HISTORIC OF PLANTS, 991 Of the aJ:rtichoke . Chap .463. M »[j|M ... ** ■ ^ ThehinJ.es, T Hcre be three forts of Artichokes* two tame or of the gardenjand one wilde,which the Italian efteemeth greatly of,as the beft to be eaten rawe, which he calleth Cardune . I Cinara maxima Anglic a. The great red Artichoke. 2 Cinara maxima alba. The great white Artichoke. •£; The defeription* 1 ^T"’ He leaucs of the greate Artichoke called in Latine Cinara^ ’are broade, great, long, fet with | deepc gafhes in the edges, with a deepe chanell or gutter alongft the middle, hailing no prickles at all or verie few, and they be of a greencaih colour: theflalkeis aboueactibite high, and bringeth foorth on the top a fruitc like a globe, refemblingat the firfta cone or Pine apple,thatis to fay, made vp of many (cales ; which is when the fruit is greater looked, ofa greenifh red colour within, and in the lower parte full of fubftance and white; but whenitopeneth itfelfe rheregroweth alfo vpontheconea flower al of threds, ofa gallant purple tending to a bleweco- our: the feede is long,greater and thicker then that of our Ladies Thi Ale,Iying viider (oft and dow- lie haires,which arc contained within the fruite: the roote is thicke and of a meane length, t Thefecond great Artichoke differed! from the former in the colour of the fruitc , otherwife here is little difference, except the fruite heereof dilateth it felfe further abroade, and is notfo lofely compact togithcr, which maketh the difference. The prickcly Artichoke called in Latine Car duns or Spinofa Cinara , differeth not from the for- per, faue that all the corners oftheleaues hereof, and the ftalkesof the cone or finite are armed ith ftiffc and fharpe prickles,whereupon it beareth well the name of Carduvs or Thiftlc. _ cinara. THE SECOND BOOKS OF THE Cinara fyltteffris. Wilde Artichoke, & The place. The Artichoke is to be planted in a fat & fruit- full loile: they do lone water and moift grounde. The commit great errour who cutaway the fide or fuperftuous leaues thatgrowe by the Tides thinking thereby toincreafe the greatnes of the fruite; when as in truth''they deprived theroote from much water by that meancs which fhould nourifh the roote to the feeding of the fruite: for if you marke the trough or hollow channel that is in euery leafe, it Thai appeeie verie euidcntly that the Creator in hisfecrct wiledome did ordaine thole furrowes, cucnfrom the extreme point of the ieafe to the grounde where it is faftned to the roote, for no other purpofe but to guide and lead that water which fallethfarreoff vnto the roote; knowing that without fuch ftore of water the whole plant woulde wither 5 and the fruite pine awav and come to nothing dim,2nd common experience tcachcth. & The time. They are planted for the moftpart about the Kalends of Nouember,or fomewhatfooner. The plant muftbe fetand dunged with good ftore of afhes; for that kinde of dung is thought beft for the planting thereof, Euerie yeere the flips rnuft be tome or flipped off from the body of the root: andthefe are to be fetin Aprill which willbearc fruite about Auguft following, as Columella Jolla, •fr The names. > The Artichoke is called in Latine Cinara of C/tf «,afhcs,wherewith it Ioueth to be dnnged.Galen calleth it in GreekeKwt^, but with k and v in the firftfvllable, offeme Cinara caffes: it is named in Italian Carciofft.Archioccht: in Spanifh Alcarrhafa; in Englifh Artichoke : in French Arttchaux: in low Dutch whereupon diuers call it in Latine Artkocalm, and Articoca: in high Dutch The other is named in Latine commonly not onely Spinofa cinara, Ote prickly Artichoke, but a-lo of Falladius , Carduus: of the Itahans Cardo, an dCardino: of the Spaniards Cardos: of the French men C hardens : Leon hart us Fuch Jim , andmoft writers take it to be Scolymus D/oJcoridisj but Scolymus Dtofcoridis hath the leafe of Chameleon or Spina alba, with.a fialkc full of leaues, and a prickly head: but neither is Cinara the Artichoke which is without prickles, nor the Artichoke with prickles any fiich kinde of herbe 5 for though the head hath prickles ,yet the ftalke is not full of leaues, but is many times without leaues, or elfe hath not pad a leafe or two. Cinara doth better agree with drat which Theophraffus and Flinie call wW, Caff us , and yet it doth not bring foordi ftalkes from the roote creeping alongft the ground: it hath broad leaues fet with prickles, the mid¬ dle ribs of the leaues, the skin pilled off, are good to be eaten,and likewife the fruite, the feeds and downe taken away*,and that which is vnder is as tender as thebraine of the Date tree; which things Theophraftus and Plinie report of Caff us: that which they write of the ftalkes lent foorth immedi¬ ately from the roote vpon the grounde, which are good to be eaten, isperaduenrurethe ribs of leauesreuery fide taken away (as they be lerued vp at the table) may be like a ftalke, except euen in Sicilia,where they grew onely in Theophrajlm time: it bringeth foorth bothcertaine ftalkes that lie on the ground,and another alfo (landing ftraighc vp; but afterwards being remooued and brought mro Italy or England,it bringeth foorth no more but one vpright: for the loileand clime do much preuaile in altering of plan ts,as not onely Theophrajlus teacheth, biit alio euen experience it IcJfe tfcclareth. 2 M HrSTOKIE OF PLANTS. 1 ^ declareth; and of Ci&w Thcephrajtus writeth thus: yj^i , caftw, growcth oncly in Sicilia:it biingeth foorth prefently from the roote ftalks, lying along vpon the grounde, with a broade and prickly leafe;the rtalke's being pilled, are fit to be eaten, Being fomewhat bitter, which may be pre¬ ened in brine:itbringeth foorth alfo another ftalke,the fame likewife is good to be qatcn. i? The temperature a#d 'vertues. The nailes,that is the white Si thick parts which are in the bottom of the outward fcales of flakes A of the fruit of the Artichoke,& alfo the middle pulpe,whcron the downy feed doth ftadd, are eaten both rawe with Pepper and falt,and commonly boiled with the broth of fat flefh , with pepper ad- ded^and are accounted a dainty idifh,being pleafant to the fafte,and good to procure bodily luff: fo likewife the middleribs of the leaues being made white & tender by good eherifhing and looking to,are brought to the table as a geat feruice togither with other iunke ts: they are eaten with pepper and fait, aste the rhw Artichokes; yet both of them are of ill inice: for the Artichoke containeth plentic of cholericke iuicc and hath an hard ftibftancejinfoifiueh as of this is ingendred melancho- l:ke iuice,and of that a thinne and cholericke bloud, as Galen teacheth in his bookc of the Faculties of nburifhments: but it is befl: to eate the Artichoke boiled; the ribs of the Icaucs are altogither of anhardfubftance: they yeelde to the body a rawe and melancholkeiuice, and containe in them great ftore of winde. 1 D It ftaieth the inuoluntary coiirfe of the naturall feede in man or woman. B Some write that if the yoong buds of Artichokes be firftfteeped in wine and eaten, it prouoketh C vrine,ana ftirreth vp the luft of the bodie. I ftnde moreouer ,that the roote is good againft the rank flnel of the arme holes,if when the pith D is taken away,the fame roote be boiled in wine and drunke :for itfendeth foorth plentie of flunking Yrine,whereby the rankc and rammifh fauour of the whole body is much amended. Of the CjoldenTbiftles. (fbap. 464 . I C/trduus ChryfanthemM. 2 Cardutu chryfanthemui Tertianm* The golden Thiftle. 1 he Golden Thiflleof Peru. 2P4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 7 he description. 1 r ‘T‘ i He ftalkes of golden Thiftle .rife vp foorchwith from the roote,being many 3 rounde and | branched:the leaues are long 3 of a beautiful! greene, with deepe gafhes on the edges , and fet with moft fharpe prickles: the flowers come from the bofome of the leaues,fetin a fca- iiechaflie knap,very like to Succorie flowers,but of a colour as yellow as go!de:in their places corne vp broad, flat,and thinne feedes 3 not great,nor wrapped indowne:the roots is long, a finger thieke, fweet,foft,and good to be eaten,wherewith fwine are much delighted: there iffueth foorth of this Thiftle in what part foeuer it is cut or broken ,a Juice as white as milke. 2 The golden Thiftle of Peru,called in the weft Indies Pique del infer no,, a friend of mine brought it vnto me from an Hand there, called Saint lohns Hand, among other feedesfwhat reafon the inha¬ bitants there haue to call it fo, it is vnto me vnknown,vnlefte it be bicaufe of his fruite, .which doth much refemhie a figge in fhape and bignefle,but fb full of fharpe and venemous prickles,that who- foeuer had one of them in his throte, doubtlefle it wonlde fende him packing either to hea- uen or to hell. This plant hathafinglewoodieroote,asbiggeasamansthombe, but fbmewhat long: from which arifeth a brittle ftalke full ofioints or knees, diuiding ir felfe into fundrieother fmall branches ,fet full ofleaues like vnto the milke Thiftle,but much fmaller,and ftraked with ma- nie white lines or ftreakes: and at the top of the ftalks come foorth faire and goodly yellow flowers, very like vnto the fea Poppie,but more elegant and of greater beautie 3 hauing in the middle thereof a fmall knop or bolI,fuch as is in the middle of our wilde Poppie,but full of fharpe thornes, andat the tip or end thereof a ftaine or fpot of a deepe purple: after the yellow flowers be fallen, thisfore- faideknop groweth by degrees greater and greater,vnti]l it come to full maturitie,which openeth it felfe at the vpper end,fhewing his feed,which is very blacke and round like the feedes of Muftarde. The whole plant,and each part thereof,doth yeeld great abundance of milkieiuice, which is of a golden colour 3 falling and iflliing from any part thereof,if it be ait or bruifed; the whole plant pe- rifhcth at the approch of winter.The vertues heereofare yet vnknowne vnto me, wherefore I pur- pole not to fetdowne any thing therof,by way of conie&ure,but fhal, God willing 3 be ready to de¬ clare that which certaine knowledge and experience either of mine owne or others 3 Thai make ma- siifeft vnto me. The place. The goldenThiftleis fowen in gardensofthe low countries. Pctrm Bdlomm'wntelfi that it gro- vveth plentifully in Candie, and alfo in moft places of Italy: clufim reporteth that he founde it in the fteldes of Spaine,and of the kingdome of Caftile, and about Montpelier with fewer branches, and of an higher growth. The Indian Thiftle groweth in Saint Johns Hand in the weft Indies 3 and profpereth very well in my garden. & The time. They flower from lune to the end of Auguft: the feedes of the Indian golden Thiftle muft be fowen when the feeds is ripe 3 but it doth not grow vp vntill Maie next after. 7 he names. This Thiftle is called in Latine Cardum chvyfanthemm , in Greeke of Theophrafim mom tux ■ hr thofe things which he writeth of Scolymm in his 6. and 7. bookes do wholy agree with this Thiftle Chryfwthcmm. Scolymm hithhc 3 doth flower in thefommerfted: it flowreth brauely and a long time togither, it hath a roote that may be eaten both fod and rawe, and when it is hard it yeeldeth a milkie mico.Gaza nameth it Carduu s. Of this Pliny alio maketh mention in his 21. booke 16.cbap ter, Scdymm faith hc,doth diifer from thofe kindes of Thiftles 3 that is to fay, Acarna and Atraciidi bicaufe the roote thereof maybe eaten boiled. Againc,in his 22.booke,2 2. chapter :theeaftcoun' tries v fe it as a meate,and he calleth it by another name tetyww -Which thing alfo T heophraftu* fee- meth to aftirme in his 6 . book 3 for when he reckoneth vp herbes whole leaues are fet with prickles, he addeth Scolymm , or Limonia. Notwithftanding, plmy maketh mention likewifeof another Scolymm, which he affirmethto bring foorth a p urplc flower,and betweene the middle of the prickes to waxe white quickly, and to fall off with the winde,in his 2o.book 2 3xhapter. Which Thiftle vndoubtedly doth not agree with Cay dims chryfanthemmyh^t is with Theophrafim Scolymm , and with that which we mentioned be¬ fore,fo that there be in Pliny two Scolymi: one with a roote that may be eaten; and another with a pinole flower,turning into downe 3 and that fpeedily waxeth white, Scolymm likewife is deferibed . - ------- bj| Hi ST O R I E OF PLANTS. 9 ? 5 by Diofcoridcs, but this diifereth from Scolymus Theophrafti, and it is one ofthofe which Pliny rec¬ koned! vp, as we will more at large declare heercafrer. Bat let vs come againe to Chry(anthemus y this the inhabitants of Candid keeping the markes of the old name, do call it Afcolymbifos ' the Itali¬ ans name it <^Ancomtani Rinci : the Romaines Spina bar da • the Spaniards Car don lechar : and of di¬ ners it is alfo named Glycyri hizonfhix is to fay Dulcii radix, or fweete rootc: it is called in Englifh golden Thiftlej (ome would haue it to be that which Vegctim in Arte Veter maria, callcth Eryngium but they are deceiued/or that Eryngium whereo i Vegctim writeth, is Eryngium cMantmm, or lea Huluer: of which we will intreate. The golden Thiftle of India,may be called Curdttm chryfwthemm, of his golden colour, adding thereto his natiue countrey Indiamspi Peruanuspr the golden Indian Thiftle, or the golden Thi¬ ftle of Peru: the feede came to my handes by the name Ft fie deljnferno : in Latine Ficus infernald y the infernall Figge,or Figge of hell. •ialhe temperature and verities. Thefoote and tender Ieaues of this Scolymus , which are fometimes eaten, are good for the fto- macke, but theycontainc very little nourifhment, and the fame thinneand watery, as Galen tcacheth. P///?yfaith,thattherooteheerof was commended by Eratosthenes, in the poore mans fupper, g and that it is reported alfo to prouokc vrine efpccially, to healc tetters and dry feurffe being taken with vineger jand with wine to ftirre vp flcfhly luft,as Hcfiodtis and Ricans teftifiejand to take away theftenchofthe armeholes,ifanounceof the roote,the pith picked out,be boiled in three parts of wine,till one part be wafted, and a good draught taken faffing after a bath,and like wife after meat: . which later words Diofcorides likewile hath concerning his Scolymns ■ out of whom Pliny is thoughs to haue borrowed thefe things. Of white Carline Thtjllcof Diofcoricks., Chap. ^6 5. rfi*. ■. Car Una, feu Chameleon a lb us Diofcoridis. The white Cariine Thiftle of Diofc. with the red flower. # T' e defer it tion . / "T' t He Ieaues of Carline are very full ofprickles, I cut on both edges with a multitude of deepe gafhes, and fet alongft the corners with ftitfe and very fharpe prickles ; the middle ribs whereof are fometime red : the ftalke is a fpannehighor higher, bringing foorth for the moft partonely one hed or knap being full of prickles, on the out¬ ward circumference orcOmpaftelike the Vrchin huskeof achefiiutrand when this openeth at the top,there groweth foorth a broad flower,made vp in the middle like a fiat ball, of a great number of threds, which is compafted about with little long Ieaues, oftentimes fomewhat white, veryfeldome red: the feede vnderncath is (lender and narrowe, the roote long, afingerthicke, fomething blacke, fo chinked as though it were fplit in funder,fweete offmelLand in tafte fomwhat bitter. There is alfo another heerofwithout a ftalke^ with Ieaues alfo very full of prickles, like almoft to thofe ofthe other, lying flat on the ground on cue- rie fide: among which there groweth forth in the middle a rounde head or knap, fet with prickles without after the fame manner, but greater: the flower whereofin the middle is of firings, and pa¬ led rounde about with redleaues, land fometimes ' Rrr 2 996' THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE with white, in faire and calme weather the flower both of this and alfo of the otherlaieth thcrn- felues wide open.and when the weather is fowle andmifty, aredrawne clofe togither: the roote heereof is long,and hveete of frnclljwhitejfound ,not chinked or fplitted as the other. 1 $. The place. They both grow vpon high mountaines in dcfart places,and oftentimes by high way (ides; but that which bringeth foorth a ftalk groweth euery where in Germany, and is a ftranger in England. k 7 he time » They flower and (cede in Inly and Auguft,and many times later. k The names. The former is called in Latine Carlinaprior 7 and Cardopatiwn , and ofdiuers Carolina , of charle - maine the firft Remain Emperor of that name,whofe armic(as itisreported)wasin times pafttho- row the benefit ofthis roote deliucred and preferued from the plague: itis called in high Dutch : in low Dutch,French ,& other languages, as likewife in Englifh Car line > and Carlinc Thiftle: itis Diofcorides his Leucacanthe ; the ftrong & bitter rootes fhew the fame; the faculties alf® are anfwcrable,as foorthwith we wil dechre:Leucacantha hath alfo other name? 5 but they are coun¬ terfeit, as among thcRomaines Gniacardus, Sc among the Thufcans Spina alia, or white Thiftle,yet doth it differ from that Thiftle which Diofcorides calleth Spina alba^om Ladies Thiftle; of which he alfo writing apart,doth likewife attribute to both of them their owne proper faculties and operati- ons,and the fame differing. The later writers do alio call the other Carlina altera , and Carlina himilufx minor dowe or little Carlinc: but they are much dcceiucd who go about to refer them both to the Chameleons; for in Italie,Germanieor Fr Mmcc^chamaleones, the Chameleons,do neuer growers there is one witnes for many, Petries Bellonius in his booke of Singularities, who fufficiently declarcth what difference there is betweenc the Carlincs, and the Chameleons, which thing (hall be made manifeft by the defeription of the Chameleons. k The temperature and vertues. The roote of Carlinc which is chiefely vfed,is hot in the later end of the fecond degree, and drie in the thirde,with a thinnes of par ts and fubfbnce; it procureth fwcat, it driueth foorth all kinde of vvormes of the belly,it is an enimie to all mancrof poifons, i t doth not onely driuc away infe&ions of the plague, but alfo curcth the fame if it be drunke in time. B Being chewed it helpeth the toothach; itopeneth the {toppings of the Iiucr and fplecne. C It prouoketh vrine, bringeth downe the menfes,and cureth the dropfie. D Anditis giuen tothofethathauebcenedrybcaten,andfallenfromfomehighplace. £ The like operations Diofcorides hath concerning Leucacantha : Lettcacantha faith he, hath a roote like Galanga, bitter and ftrong, which being chewed eafeth the paine of the teeth, the deco&ion thereof with a draught of wine is a remedie againft paines of the fidcs , and is good for thofe that haue the Sciatica,or ach in the buckle bones,and for them that be troubled with the crampe. F The iuice alfo being drunke is of like vertues. The wilde Qarline Thijlle . Chap.6, k The defeription. 1 r T* He great wilde Carlinc Thiftle rifeth vp with a ftalke of a cubite high or higher, diuided in- I to certaine branchcs:the Icaues are long,and very full of prickles in the edges, like thofe of Carlinc : the flowers growe alfovpon a prickly head, being fet with threds in themidft, and paled round about with little yellowifh leaucs: the roote is flender,and hath a twinging tafte. 2 Carolus Clufius, defcribeth a certaine other alfo of this kinde, with one onely ftalke ,(lender, fhort,and not aboue ahandfullhigh, with prickly leaucs like thofe of the other, butleffer, both of them couered with a certaine hoarie downe: the heads or knaps are for the moft part two, they haue a pale downe in the midft,and Icaues (landing round about being fbmwhat ftiffeand yellowe: the roote is (lender and of a reddifh yellow. i Carlin* y - ' * HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 991 I Car lift aJ ylueftri* maur. The great Carline Thiftle. 2 Carlin a fyluefir ii minor. The little Carline Thiftle, & Theplace. The great Carline is found in vntoiled and delart places,and oftentimes vpon hils. The lefter Carline Carolus clufius writeth that he found growing in dry ftony, and defarc place* about Sahnantica a citie of Spaine, # the time. They flower and flourifh in Iunc and Iuly. •A The names. It is commonly called in Latine and that not vnfitly Carlina Syluejlris : for it is like to Carline in flowers,and is not very vnlike in leaues. And that this is it isfo much the harder toaftirine, by how much the briefer TheophraHus hath written heerof: for he faith that this is like baftard Saf¬ fron,of a yellow colour and fatiuice: and K^dcorna differeth from Acarna , for Acarna as Hejychtus faith,is the Bay tree;but Acorna is a prickly plant. •k The temperature and vertues. It is hot efpccially in the roote,the twinging taftc thereof doth declare; but feeing it is of no vie, the other faculties be vnlearched out. Of Chanueleon c ThiJlle. Qhap.A f 6j. • j •kl he kindles. 'T 1 Here be two Chama?Ieons,andbothblacke;the vertues of their roots do differ^and the roots themfelues do differ in kinde,as Theophrajlus declareth. - kThe defeription. I *“T“ i Heleaues of blackeChamceleon are lefter and flenderer thenthofe of the prickly Arti- 1 choke,and Iprinckled with red fpots: the ftalke is a cubite high,a finger thicke, and fome- what red,it beareth a tufted rundle, in which are (lender prickly flowers, of a blewe colour like the Hyacinth: the roote is thick, blacke without ,ofa clofe fubftance, lometimes eaten awaie, which being cut is of a yellowifh colour within,and being chewed it bitech the toopg. Krr 3 2 This 998 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 2 This blacke Chameleon hath many leaucs, long and narrowe, very full of prickles, of a light greene,in a manenvhite: the ftalke is chamfered, afootehigh, and diuided into branches :on the tops whereofftande purple flowers growing foorth of prickly heads: the roote is blacke , and fweete in tafte. This is defcribedby'C/»//^inhis Spanifh Obferuations by the name of Chame¬ leon Salmanticenjs, of the place wherein he found it;for he faith,that this groweth plentifully in the Territoric of Salmantica ; a citie in Spaine: but it is very manifeft that this is not blacke Chamte- leonpieither doth clufim afhrme it. I chameleon niger. The blacke Chameleon Thiftle. 2 Chameleon niger Salmanticenjs. The Spanifh blacke Chamtelcon. The place. It is very common (faith Bellomm ) in Lemnos, where it beareth a flower of fb gallant a blew, as that it feemeth to contend with the skicinbeautie, and that the flower of blevve Bottle being of this colour, feemeth in comparifbnof it to be but pale: it gtoweth alfo in the fieldesneerc Aby- «dum, and hard by the fillers ofHeilefpont,and in Heraclea in Thracia. Chameleon Salmanticenjis groweth plentifully in the Territorie of Salmantica a citie in Spaine. it The time. They flower and flourifh when the other Thirties do. c *k The names. The blacke Chameleon is called inGrceke ^ctuaiAiciiv uihets: in Latine Chameleon niter, of the Romanies Car duns niger , and Vermlago , offome Croco dilicn: in Englifh the Chameleon Thiftle, or the Thiftle that changeth it felfe into man y fhapes and colours. de The temperature and vertues . A The roote heerof, as Galen faith, containeth in it a deadly qualitiejit is alfo numbred amc^ig the poifonous herbesby Nicander'm his bookeof Treacles ;by Diojorides in his < 5 .bookeand by Paulas AEgineta ' and therefore it is vfed onely outwardly, as for fcabs,morphewes , tetters, and to be breefe for all flich things as ftande in neede of clenfing: moreouer, it is mixed with fuch things as do diflblue and mollifie.according to Galen . OJ historie of plants. 999 Offe a Hollie. Chap .4.68. 7 he kixdcs. maketh mention onely of one Tea Hollie: Pliny in his 22. booke 7. Chapter, feemeth to acknowledge two,one growing in rough places,another by the lea fide: the Phifitions after hem haue oblerued moe,one of the lea,and another of the maine land,and likewile ceitaine other raftard kinds. x TLryngittm marinum. 2 Eryngitm mediterranean, SeaHoliie. Leuant fea Hollie. # The description. iP Ea Hollie hath broad leaues, like almofi: to Mallow Ieaucs, but cornered in the edges, and let roundabout with hard prickIes,fat,ofablewifhwbite,&: of an afomaticalorfpicie tafte j the ftalke is thicke, aboue a cubitc high, nowe and then fomewhat red below; it breaketh Foorth on the tops into prickley and round heads or knops 3 of the bignes almolt of a Walnut,helde n for the mod part with fixe prickly leaues, comparing the top of the ftalke round about; which 'caues as well as the heads, are of a glittering blew ; the ftowers foorth of the heads are likewile pew, with white threds inthemiddeft: theroote is of the bignes of a mans finger, verie long, ind fo long,as that it can not be all plucked vp, vnles very feldome; let heere and there with knots, and of tafte fiweete and plea fan *. 2 The leaues of the lecondlea Hollie, are diuerfly cut into fundry parcels, being all full of pric¬ es alongft theedges: the ftalke is diuided into many branches,and bnngeth foorth prickly heads, aut lefter then thole of the other: from which there alio grow foorth blew flowers, feldomc yellow; dieredfand likewife vnder euery one of thefe fixe rough and prickly leaues, like thofe of the other, put thinner and (mailer: the roctcheerof is alfo long,blacke without,whire within,a finger thicke, pFtafte and flnell like that of the other,as be alfo the leaues, which are likewile of an aroinaticall or Ipicie tafte,which being new fprung vp and as yeetendenbe alfo good to be eaten, Rrr 4 " *7 hi / 1000 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # 'The-place. Eryngium mar mum groweth by the foa fide vpon the baich and ftonie ground; I found it growing; plentifully at Whitftable in Kent; at Rie and Winchelfey in Suffex, and inEftexat Landamer^ !ading,at Harwich, and vpon Langtree point, on the other fide of the water, from whence I hauei brought plants for my garden. ‘ Eryngimcampejlre, groweth vpon the (bores of the Mediterranean fea, and in my garden like- wife. •fy The time. Both of them do flower after the (ommerfolftice: and in Inly. & The names. This Thiftle is called in Greeke k vyfiov: and likewife in Latine Eryngium, and of Pliny alio Erynge : in (hops Eringm : in Englifh fea Hollie, foa Holme,or foa Hiiluer. The fir ft is called in Latine Eryngium marinum : in low Dutch euery where CtPtl .0 tUftdj ioo0> fprrlBO^tefe: in Englifh fea Holly. The fecond is named of Pliny in his 22.booke 8.chapter, centum capita, or hundred headed Thi¬ ftle: in high Dutch SUHanfKtetO * 'B^andjetlBMG BfifcOIBlftell : in Spanifh Car do corre dor: in Italian Eringio, and Inngo : this is fumamed Campejlre , or Champion fea Holly, that it may differ from the other. & The temperature. The roores of them both are hot,and that in a meanc;not a little dry aI(o,with a thinneffe of fub- ftance,as Galen teftifieth. ieThe vertues. The rootes of fea Holly boiled in wine and drunken, are good for them that arc troubled with the collicke,it breaketh theftone,expelieth grauell,and helpeth alfo the infirmities of the kidneics, prouoketh vrine,greatly opening the paftage^ being drunke 15 .daies togither. B T he rootes themfelues haue the fame propertie if they be eaten, and are good for thofe that be liuerficke,andfor fuch as are bitten with any venemousbeafts; eafeth cramps, conuulfions, and the falling ficknes; and bringeth downe the menfes. Q The rootes condited or preferued with lugar, as heerafter followeth, are exceeding good to be giuen vnto old and aged people that are confumed and withered with age, & which wantnaturall moiftiuc: it is alfo good for other forts of people that haue no delight or appetite to venery, nouri- (hing and reftoring the aged,and amending the defedts ofnature in the yoonger. ft The maner to -uhte Eryngos. D Refine fugar fit for the purpofe,and take a p .JDdofit,thcwhiteofoneegge,anda pint of cleere water,boile them togither and (cum it, then iet k boile vntill it be come to a good ftrong (yrrupc.& when it is boiled, as it cooleth adde thereto a fewcer full of Rofo water, a Ipoonfull of Cinnamons water,and a graine of Muske, which haue beene infufed togither the night before, and now drai¬ ned ; into which fyrrupe being more then halfc colde, put in your rootes to foke and infufe vntill the next day: your rootes being ordered in maner heerafter following. £ Thefo your rootes being wafhed and picked, muft be boyled in faire water by the (pace of fower howers,vntill they be fort, then muft they be pilled cleane, as ye pill Parfneps, and the pith muft be drawneoutat the end of theroote ; and if there be any, whole pith cannot be drawen out at the end, then you muft (lit them, and fc take out the pith : thefo you muft alfo keepe from much hand¬ ling,that they maybe cleane, let them remaine in thefirupe till the next day, and then fotthem on the fire in a faire broad pan vntill they be very hot, but let them not boile at all: let them there re¬ maine oner the fire an hower or more,remoouing them eafily in the pan from one place to another with a wooden (lice. This done, haue in a readincs great cap or royal! papers, whereupon ym muft ftrow fome Sugar, vpon which lav your rootes after that you haue taken them out of the pan, Thefo papers you muft put into a Stone, or hot houfo to harden; but if you haue not fuch a place, lay them before a good fire. In this manner if you condite your rootes, there is not any that can prefcrjbe you a better way. And thus may you condite any other roote whatfoeuer, which will notonelybe exceeding delicate, but very wholefome, and elfedtuall againft the difeafos aboue named. F A certaine man affirmeth,faith ^Aetius , thafby rhe continuall vfo of Sea Holly, he neuer after¬ wards voided any ftone,when as before he was very often tormented with that difoafo. J HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1001 It is drunke, faith Dtofcorides , with Carrot lecde againft very many infirmities in the weight of a G dram. The iuice of the leaues prefled foorth with wine is a remedie for thole, that are troubled with the H running of the reines. They report that the herbe Sea Holly, if one goatc take it into hir mouth, itcaufeth hir firft to I (land {till, and afterwards the whole flocke, vntillfuchtimcasthe fhepheard take it foorth of hir mouth,as Plutarchw riteth. OfbajlardSea Hollies Cbap.q.69 . rkThe ktndes. T Here be diuers Thirties reckoned for wilde or baftard kindes of Sea Holly ,as fhall be prefently declared. -* 'k The defeription. 1 ►y<His Eryngium , which Dodonxm in his laft edition calleth Eryngiumplanum, and Pena more fitly and truly Eryngium Alpinum caruleum, hath ftalkes a cubite and a halfe high, hauing - fpaces hetweene euery ioint.The lower leaues are greater and broader,and notched about thcedges,butthofeaboue are letter, comparting or entiironing each iointftar fafhion, befet with prickles,which are loft and tender,not much hurtfull to the hands of fuc-h as touch them;t$ie knobs or heads are alfo prickley ,and in colour blew. Theroote is bundhie orknottie,like that of Pleleni- um ,that is Elecampane, blacke without and white within, and like the Eringes in fweetenefle and tatte. 3 The So©2 THE SECOND BOO ICE OF THE 2 The (econdbaftard Sea Holly, whole pidure is fetfoorthin Dodcnaia his laft edition very gal¬ lantly, being alfcakinde of Thifile, hath leaues like vnto the former Erynges,but broader next the rootes than thole which growenext the (lalkes, fomewhat long, greenifh,ioft, and not prickly, but lightly creuiled or notched about the edges, greater than Quince leaues. The (hikes growc more than a cubite high; on the tops whereof there hang downwards fine or fixe knobs or heads, in co¬ lour and flowers like the others; hailing three or fower whitifh rootes,of a foote long. 3 Eryngmmpumilum Cltisij. 4 Eryngium Montamtm. Dwarfe Sea Holly. Mountaine Sea Holly. $£ Ehe defeription, 3 The third kindeofbaflard£ry^/V/w hath his firft^eaues (which growe next the ground) great, broad and lbft,growing as it were in a rundle about the roote, The llalke is final! and (lender, diui- ded into fome branches, which beare many little leaues, turning or (landing many waies; which be alfo (lender,pricklie,and fet about the (lalkes,(lar fafhion.The knops or heads growing at the tops of the branches, are round and pricklie bearing little blew flowers and leaues, which compafle them abotit.The roote is (lender,and lafceth but oneyeere. 4 1 he fourth kinde of baflard Sea Holly,which Pern calleth Eryngium montanum recent tor tan ynd*" is the fourth according to Eodonxta his account, is like vnto the Erynges, not in fhape but in tafte. * This beareth a very (mall and (lender (la]ke,of a meane hcight;whereupon do growe three or fower leaues,and (eldome fine, made of diners leaues (etvpon a middle rib, narrow, long, hard, and of a darke greene colour, dented on both edges of the leafe like a fiuve. The (lalke is a cubite highdoin* ted or Kneede, anddiuiding it felfeinto many branches; on the tops whereof arc round tuftesor knops,wherein arc contained the flowers,and(after they be vaded)the (eedes,which are finall,fome¬ what longjwell (meiiing and fharp’e in tafie.The roote is white andlong.not a finger thicke, in tafie fweete,but afrerwards fomewhat fharpe, and in lent and fauour not vnpleafant: when this roote is dried,it may be crumbled inpeeces 5 and therefore quickly braied, ' ' ' * The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1003 He The place. Thcfc kindes of Sea Polly are ftrangers in England: we haue the firft and fecond in our London gardens. He The time. They flower and flourifh when the Thirties do. He The names. Thefe plants be Eryngia fluria, or baftard Sea Hollies, and arc lately obferucd : and therefore they haue no old names. The firft may be called in Latine Eryngium Bor upturn , or Non JpinoJim, Sea Holly without prickles. The fecond is called by Mathiolm Eryngium planum, or flat Sea Holly : others had rather name it Lsflpinu m Eryngium,os Sea Holly of the Alpes. The third is rightly called Eryngium pumilum, little SeaHuluer, Mathiolua maketh the fourth to be Crithmigenua, or akinde of Sampiere 5 and others Eryngij ge¬ nus, orakindeof SeaHuluer. He The temperature andvertues. Touching the faculties hereof we haue nothing tofet down/eeing they haue as yet no vfe in me* dicine,and are neither vfed to beeatcn.But yet that they be hot onely, the very tafte doth declare. Of Star Thiftle . Chappy o. i Car dims fie Hat us. The Star Thiftle. 2 Car duns Soljl it tails. S.Barnabees Thiftle. He 7 he defeription. T Hc Star Thirtle^called Carduus ftellatus, hath many fort frized leaues, deepely cut or oaflhr altogether without prickles .-among which nfeth vp a ftalke, diuiding it le]f e into man’ other oranches, growing two foote high; on the tops whereof arefmallkn 0 p s or head: 1004 THE SECOND HOOKE OF THE like the other Thiftlcs,armed round about with many fharpe prickles, fafhioncdlikeablalmg ftar, which at the beginning are of apurple colour,butafterwardesof apalebleake or whitifh colour. The feede islinall,flat,and found: the roote is long,and browne without. 2 S.Barnabees Thiftle another kinde of Star Thiftle; notwithftandingit hath prickles nowhere fauc in the head only, and the prickles of it hand foorth in manner of a ftar: the ftalks are two cubits high 3 parted into diners branches fofter than are thole of ftar Thiftle, which ftalkes bane velmes or thin skins cleauing vnto them all in length,by which they feeme to be fower fquare. The leaues are fomewhat long,fct with deepe gafhes on the edges: theftowers are yellow 3 and confift of threds ; the feede is little: the roote long and (lender. 3 Soljl it tails luteaperegrina. The (Iran ge S.Barnabees Thiftle. Ht The defeription. 3 This Thiftle hath leaues let with deepe gafhes, - hauing yellow flowers, with heads or knaps full of prickles, but greater than the former, and with a ftalke without skins cleauing to it. Clttjiusw riteth, that he found this in the terricoric of Salmantica hard by the vineyards in a drie foile. The place. The two ftrft do growe vpon barren places ncere vnto cities and townes,aImoft euery where. •kThe time. They flower and flourifh elpecially in Iuly and Auguft. ^ The names. The firft is called in La tine Stellaria: Cordus na- meth it Bolyacantha , and GazacdXlzth it ^Aculeofa. But they are deceiued, who take it to be Eryngium, or Sea JTolly,or any kinde thereof. Mathiolusiiith , thatitis called in Italian Calcatrippa: in high Dutch OTallett tlflfcll: in lowe Dutch sg)tm*£ tUftCU: in French chaujfetrappe: in Englifh Star Thiftle. S.Barnabees Thiftle is called in Latine Solftitia- UsJpina, bicaufe it Howrah in the fommer Solftice, as Gefner faith, or rather bicaule after the Solftice the prickles therof be fharpeft,of Guillandims Eryti- gtum, but not properly, & Stellaria Bor at tj Anger y„ who with good fuccelfe doth giue it againlt the ftone, droplies, grecne licknefte,and cotidian fca- ticrs. It is called in Englifh as aboue faid,Saint Barnabees Thiftle. $ The temperature. The Starre Thiftle is of ahot nature. ieThevertues. A The feede is commended againft the ftrangurie: it is reported to driue foorth the ftone if it be drunke with wine. B BaptiHa Sardus affirmeth ? thatthe diftilled water of this Thiftle is a remedie for thole that are in¬ fected with the French Poxe,and that the vfe of this is good forthcliuer, that it takethaway the (loppings thereof. C That it clenfeth the bloud from corrupt and putrified humours. D That it is giuen with good fuccefle againft intermitting feauers; whether they be quotidian or tertian. E As touching the faculties of SaintBarnabeesThiftle,whichareasyetnotfoundout, wehaue nothingtowrite. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1005 OfTtafels. Chip 471 * •k The kindes. O Vr age hath fet downe two kindes of Teafels: the tame, and the wilde. Thefe differ not fane onely in-the husbanding 5 for all things that are planted and manured do more flourifh and be¬ come for the moft part fitter for mans vfe. I D ipfacuifatiutu. Garden Teafell. 2 Dipfacus fylucBris, Wilde Teafell. • •&The description. 1 Arden Teafell isalfoof the number of the Thiffclcs jit bringeth foorth a (hike thatis ftraightjvery long, iointed,and full ofprickles. The lcaues growe foorth of the iointes by couples,not onely oppofice or fet one right againft another,but alfo comparing the ftalke about,and faftened togither; andfo faftened, that tljiey hold deaw and raine water in manner of a little bafon: thefe be long, of a light grecne colour., and like to thofe of Letticc, but full ofprickles in the edges, and haue on the outfide all alongft the ridge differ prickles: on the tops of the ftalkes Hand heads with fharpe prickles like thofe of the Hedgehog, and crooking backward ac the point like hookes, out of which hcades growe little flowers. The feede is like Fennell feede , and in tafte bitter: the heads waxe white when they growe old,and there arc found in the middeft of them when they are cut, certamc little magots. 1 he roote is white, and of a meane length. 2 The fecond kinde of Teafell which is alfo a kinde of Thiftle, is very like vnto the former; but his leaues arefmaller and narrower; his flowers of a purple colour, and the hookes of the Teafell no¬ thing fohard nor fharpe as the other,nor good for any vfe in dreffing of cloth. There is another kinde of Teafclljbeing a wilde kinde thereof, and accounted among the catalog ofThiftles, growing higher than the reft of his kindes, but his knobbed heads are nobiggerthan a Nutmeg, in all other things elfe they are like to the other wilde kindes, & The roo« The second booke of the •ft*} he place. The firft called the tame Teafelh,is fowen in this countrey in gardens, to feme the vies of Fullers and Cloth workers. The lecond kinde groweth in moift places,by brookes,riuers,and fuch likeplaces. i The third I found growing in moift places in the high way leading from Braintree to Henning- / ham caftle in Eftex, and not in any other place except heerc and there a plant vpon the high waic from Much-Dunmow to London. ft The time. Thefe flower for the moll part in Iunc and Iulie. ft The names. Tealcll is called in Grceke^>wf: andlikewifein Latine Dip facta, Lahrum Venera, and Car data Veneri*'^ is termed Lahrum Veneris ^ and Lauer Lauacrum, of the forme of the leaues made vp in fa- fhionofabafon, which is nucr without water: they commonly call it Virga Pajloris, and Carduus fulionum: in high Dutch X in low Dutch £ aetH’Cn: in Spanifh Car dene ha: and Car- do Pcnteador- m Italian D?fJaco,and Car do ; in French Char don defottllon, Verge dhergier: inEnglifh TeafelljCarde Teafell, and Venus Bafon. The thirde is thought to be truly called G ale dr agon P linij, cf which he hath written in his 27. booke 10.chapter,he calleth thatherbe Galedragon, faith Xenocrates, which is like Leucacantkwn ,a marriih and prickly herbe. ft The temperature. The rootes of thele plants ate dry in the lecond degree; and haue a certaine clenfing facultie. ft Thevertues. -> There is fmall vfe of Teafell in medicines: the heads (as we haue laid) are vied to drefie woollen cloth with. g Dio for ides writeth, that the rootes being boiled in wine and ftamped till it is come to the fub- ftance of a falue ,healeth chaps, and fiftulaes of the fundamentif it be applied thereunto, and that this medicine mult be relerued in a boxe of copper , and that allb it is reported to be good for all kindcsof warts. Q It is needlefie heerc to alledge thole things that are added touching the little wormes or magots found in the heads of the Teafell, and which are to be hanged about the necke, or to mention the like thing that Plinie reporteth of Galedragon: for they are nothing elfe but moll vaine and trifling toies, as my felfe haueprooueda little before the imprellion heereof, hauing a moft greeuous ague and of long continuance: notwithftandingphifickecharmes, thele wormes hanged about my necke, lpiders put into a walnut fhell, and diuers fuch foolifh toies that I was conftrained to take by fantaflicke peoples procurement 5 newithftanding I lay, my health came from God him- fdfe/or medicines and all other fuch things did me no good at all. Of bajlard Saffron . Chappy 2. ft Thedefcription. C Tgjcta, called allb baftard Saffron, which may very well be reckoned among the T nifties, ti- feth vp with a ftalke of a cubite and a halfe high,ftraight,round,hard,and woodie, and bran¬ ched at the top 5 it is defended with long leaues, fomething broad, fharpe pointed,and with prickles in the edges: from the tops of the ftalkesftande out little heads or knops, ofthebignesof an Oliue or bigger, fet with many fharpe pointed and prickly leales: out of which come foorth flo¬ wers like thredsjdofely compad, of a deepe yellow fhining colour, drawing neere to the colour of Saffronjvnder them are long feedcs,linooth,white,fomewhat cornered, bigger then a Early corne, the huske whereof is lomthing hard,the inner pulpc or fubftance is fat, white, fvveete in tafte: the rootc {lender and vnprofitabie. There is alfo another kinde of baftard Saffron, that may very well be numbred among the kinder of Thifiles,and is very like vnto the former,failing that his flockieor threddie flowers,are of a blew colour: the rootc is thicker,and the whole plane is altogither more fharpe in prickles. Cart amm-, HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1007 Carthamus,fiue Cnicus. Baftard Saffron. ft The place. r It is fowen in diuers places of Italy 3 Spaine, andFraunce 3 bo-th in gardens and in fields, in his 25, booke 15. chapter faith 3 that in the raigne of Fe(pafian this was not knowne in Italie 3 being in E^ypc onely of good account 3 and that they vfed to make oile of it and not meate. ft The time. Th£ flowers are perfited in Inly and Auguftrthe feede after the fame yeere it is fowen. vvithereth away. ^ ft The names. It is called in Greek Kv w : in Latin alfo Cnicm, or Cnecm: in (hops chartamiu, of diuers Crocus horte fis$L Crocus Saracemcm ; in Italia Zaffarano Sara - cmefcoy and Zaffaranofaluatico : in Spanifh Alafor , and ^entente depapagaios : in high Dutch GLlifOOI 5 afitaiU in French Safian fauuage : in Englifh baftard Saffron, of fome mocke Saffron, and Saffron Dorte 3 as though you fhouldfaie Saf¬ fron de horto,OY of the garden. Theophraflus and Pliny call it Cnecus vrbana, and fatiua, or tame and garden baftard Saffron 3 that it may differ from Atratfilis , which they make to he a kinde of Cm- cus fykeflris , or wilde baftard Satfron 3 but rather a .Jpecies of the Holie Thiftle. ft The temperature. Wevfe faith Galen, the feede onely forpurga- tions: it is hot and that in the firft degree 3 as Mefuef writeth. ft The vert ties. The iuice of the (cede of baftard Saffron brufed and ftrained into honied water 3 or the broth of a A chicken & drunke 3 prouoketh to the ftoole 3 and purgeth by fiege flimy flegme 3 and flharpe humors. Moreouer it is good againft the colicke,and difhcultie of taking breath, the cough and flopping of the breft 3 and is Angular againft the dropfie. The feede vfed as aforefaid 3 and ftrained into milke, caufeth it to curdle and yeelde much cruds 3 B and maketh it of great force to Ioofe and open the belly. The flowers drunke with honied water openeth the liuer, and is good againft the iaundife; and C the flowers are good to colour meate in ftead of Saffron. The feede is very hurtfull to the ftomacke 3 caufing defire to vomite 3 and is of harde and flow di- D geftion 3 remaining long in the ftomacke and entrailes. Put to the fame feede things comfortable to the ftomacke, as Annife feede 3 Galingale 3 crMa- E fticke. Ginger, Sal gemma, and it fhall not hurt the ftomacke at all 3 and the operation thereof fhall be the more quicke and fpeedie. Of the inwarde pulpe or fubftanceheereofis made a tnoft famous and excellent compofition to F purge water with, commonly called Diacbartamon , a moft lingular and effe£tuall purgation for thole that haue the dropfie. The perfect defcription is extant in Guido the Surgeon: in his firft do<ftrine 3 and fixt Tra (Tate. G We haue not read of 3 or had in vfe that baftard Saffron with the blew flower 3 and therefore can H fay nothing of his vertues. Of soo8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Of Vpildehafard Saffron. Chap.^y^. & 7 he kitides. A Tr&Etylu is a wilde kindeofbaftard Saffron ofthe ancientsffome of the later age, and thofe ex¬ cellently feenem the knowledge of Simples, make it a kinde of Cardum Benedict us, and that woorthily,conhdermg his vertues,which are not inferiors to the common Cardin Benedicts j K-Atraclylii. Wilde baftard Saffron. 2 Carduus Benedictut. TheblefledThiftle. 'it 1 he deferipticn. T/fyte, Othcnvife called Wilde baliaid Saffron ,bringeth foortha ftraightand firms ^italke, very frague or brittle, diuided at the top into ccrtaine branches: it hathlone ragged Icaues fet with prickles ; the heads on the tops of the branch are very full of (haroe pncklesput of which grow flowers a! of threds,like thofe ofbaftard Saffrdn,but they arc ofa light yellow colour and fomtimes pin pie: the feedc is lorn what great,browne, and bitter, otherwife like that of baftard Sam-on: the roote is ofa meane bignes. 2 The j lalkes of Car mm Bcnediffus or Blefled fhiftle, are round, rough, and pliable, and being parted into diners branchcs,do lie hat on the ground: the Icaues arc lagged rounde about, and full ofhd.rnjRfie^tick!es in the edges: the heads on the tops of the {talks are let with prickles,and inui- roned with Sharpe pricking leaues ,ont of which ftandeth a yellow flower: the feede is long, and fet with haires at the top hkc a beard : the roote is white, and parted into firings: the whole herbs leaues and ftalkes,aiiQ alto the lieads, arc couered with a fof c and thinne downe, it 7 he place. raclylie groweth in Candie, and in diuersprouinces and Hands of Greece, add alfb in Lan- guedocke :and is an herbe growing in our Englifh wardens. Carduw BenediBhn is found cuery where in Lemnos, an Ilandof the midland fe a , in champion grounciS,as Petr in Bcllonim icuiueth :it is diligently cheriihed in gardens in thefe northren parts. it 7 h$ loop HISTORIC op plants. . , & The time. x^trxBylti is very late before it flowreth and feedeth. Cardan benedtttus flowreth in Inly and Auguft , at which time it is efpecially to be gathered for phifleke matters* tfc The names. Atr act y Hs is called in Greek kr&kmtif dyj*-. the Latins likewife Atraffylis, and Cnicmfyueftris, and bicaufe women in the old time were woont to vfe the ftiffe (hike thereof pro fufo ant colo , for a fpin- dle or a diftaffe,it is named Fucus agreftu , znd'Cofas ruftica, which thing Petrus Bellomus reporreth the women in Greece do alfoeuenat this day } who call Atrafiylu by a corrupt nam t^Ardattyla. diuers of the later Herbariftsnameit Syluefiris Carthamus, that is to fay in Iowe Dutch, nittKti Cartl)anni 01 and in Englifh wilde baftard Saffron. Blefled Thiftle is called in Latine euery where Carduus beneditfus : and in fhops by a compound worde } Car dobeneditf us : it is moft plaine as we haue (aid 5 that it is Species ^AtraBylis, orakindeof wilde baftard Saffron :it is called Atraclylu hirfutior , hairie wilde baftarde Saffron, Valerius Cor dm nameth it Cnecut fupinus : it is called in high Dutch 'BefeegtTCtt HtUO taEtllCft the later name whereof is knowne to the low countrey men : in Spanifh it is called Car do Sanclo : in French Char don bcnoijl , or beneisl, in the He Lemnos Gardsracantha: in Englifh Blefled Thiftle, but more commonly by the Latine name Carduus Bcnedifius. •Pc The temperature. Wilde baftard Saffron doth dry and moderately digeft,as Galen teacheth. As Carduus benedtttus is bitter,fo it is alfo hot and dry in the lecond dcgree,and withal! clenfing and opening. ieThcvcrtucs. The crop,feede,and leaues of ^Atrattylu, faith Diofcoridesjoe ing beaten and drunke with pepper and wine,are a rernedie for thofe that are ftung of the fcorpion. Bleffed Thiftle taken in meate or drinkers good for the fwimming and giddines of the head, it ftrengthneth mernorie,and is a Angular rernedie againft deafencs. The fame boiled in wine and drunke hot,healeth the griping pnines of the belly, kiileth and ex- q pelleth wormes, caufeth fweate, prouoketh vrine, and driueth out grauell jelenfeth the ftomacke, and is very good againft the feuer quartaine. ' The iuice of the faide Carduus, is Angular good againft all poifon, as Bterome Bock vvitneffeth, in D what fort fbeucr the medicirye be taken ; and helpeuh the inflammation of the liuer, as reporteth * Joachim us Camerarius of Noremberge. The powder of the leaues miniftred in the quantitie ofhalfe a dram, is very good againft the pe- E ftilcnce,if it be receiued within 24.howcrs after the taking of the Acknes, and the party fvveat vpon thefameithelike vertuehath the wine,wherein the herbe hath been fodden. The greene herbe pouned, andlaide to, is good againft all hotfwcllrngs, as Fryfipelas ,plague p fores,and botches ,elpecially thofe that proceede of the peftilence,and is alfo good to be laide vpon the bitings of mad dogs, ferpents,fpiders,or any venemous beaft whatfoeuerj and fo it is likewife if it be inwardly taken. The diftilled water thereof is of lefte vertue. q It is reported that it likewife curcth ftubburne and rebellious vlcers,ifthe deception be taken for J-J certaine daies togither5 and like wife l. Arnoldus ds Villa noua, reporreth that, if it be ftamped with Barrowes greafe to the forme of an vnguent, adding theito a little Wheat floweret doth the fame, being applied twife a day. The herbe alfo is good being ftamped and applied,and fo is the iuice thereof. | The extraction of the leaues drawne according to Arc, is excellent good againft the French di£ K eafe,and quartaine agues, as reporreth the forefaid Lamer anus. The fame author reporteth,that the diftilled water taken with the water of Louage, and Dod- L derdielpeth the lauceflegme face,ifit be drunke for certaine daies togither. Sffi Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5010 Of Thiftle vpon Thiftle >and diuers other vpilde Thistles. Qoap.\q^. I Onopor don. Thiftle vpon Thiftle. 2 Carduus ferox. The cruell Thiftle. Jr «|jE mk&m wBStSt* <& The dcfcriptron. Mong all the Thornes and Thirties, this is moft full of prickles § the rtalkes thereofare ve« tie long,and feeme to be cornered by realon qfcertame thinne skins growing vntothem, being lent downe foorth of the leaues: the leaues are let rounde about with manie deepe gal hcs, being very full of prickles as well as the rtalkes; the heads are very thicke fet in euery place with rtiffe prickles, &confift ofa multitude of fcales ;out of which grow purple flowers, as they do out of other 1 hirtles,feldome white.* the roote is alrncft ftraight,but it groweth not deepe. 2 To this alfo may be referred that which UObelim writeth to. be named of the Italians Leo . and Cardum ferox for it is lo called of tire wonderful! fharpe and rtiffe prickles, wherewith the whole plant aboundeth; the ftaike thereof is fnort,fcarce a handfull high: the flower groweth forth of a prickly headwind is of a pale yellow colour,like that of wilde baftard Saffron , and it is alio ihuiro- ned and let round about on euery fide with long hard thorncs and prickles. .3 The thirde groweth feldome aboue a cubite or two foote high: it bringeth foorth manie round (talks,parted into diners branches , the leaues are like thole or white cotton Thiftle, but leP fer,and blacker, and not coucred with downe or cotton: vpon the tops of the rtalkes growe little heads like Hedgehogs • out of which fpring gallant purple flowers, that at length are turned into d6whe,leauingieedesbehinde them like thole ofother Thiftlesrthe roote confifteth ofmany (mall ffringes. 4 l he fourth rifeth vp with an higher ftaike, now and then a yarde long, rounde, & notfo full of branches nor leaues, which arc fharpe &full of prickles, but Idler and narrower: the heads be alfo Idler, longer, and notfo full of ftiflfe prickles: the flowers are of a white colour, and vanifh into downe: the roote is biacke.and a foote long. 3 Cardum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ion 3 Carduus vtarum. 5 Carduusmujcatm. The mifsked T hiftle. 4 Cat dims vhrum flore aih : The white way Thiftle. wsm 6 Car dims lance Atm. The fpeareThiftie. This loi* THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 This wildcThiftle which growethin thefieldes about Cambridge,hath anvpright.ftaUc, wher- on do growe broad prickly leaues: the.flowers growe oil the tops of the branches, confiding of a flodde downe,of a white colour tending to purple; of a mod pleafant fweete fmel,ftriuing with the fauour of muske: the roote is fmall,and perifheth at the approch of winter. 6 The fpeare Thidle hath an vpright dalke, garnifhed with a skinnie membrane, full of mod fharpeprickles : whereon do grow very long leaues,diuided into diners parts, with fharpe prickles: the point of the leaues are as the point of a fpeare, whereofit tooke his name: the flowers growe on the tops of the branches, fet in a fcaly pricklic head,Iike vnto the heads of Knapweed in forme,con¬ fiding of many threds of a purple colour: the roote confifteth of many tough drings. 7 Acarna TbeophraJU. - 8 '^Acarna Wader andi Donrez. Theophrajlta his fifh Thidle. Donrez his fifh Thidle. 7 Theophraflm his fifh Thidle called learnt ,which was brought from Illyria to Venice, by the learned Faleranduc Donrez,deCcribed by Theophrajlur? hath horrible fharpe yellow prickes,fet vpon hisgreeneindentedieaues, which are couered on the backe fide with an hoariedowne ( as all the red of the plant) hailing a dalke of acubiteandahalfehigh; and at the topcertainefcalieknops, containing yellovve thrummie flowers, armedor fenced with horrible fharpe prickes: the roote is long and threddie. 8 The other kind of fifh Thidle being alfo another Acarna of Falerandus defcription,hath long & large Ieaues,fet full of fharpe prickes, as though it were fet full of pins: all the whole plant is coue¬ red with a certaine hoarines,like the formerjthere rifeth vp a dalke 9.inches long,yea in fome fertill grounds a cubite high,bearing the flower of Carduus benedidltu, danding thicke togither butleder. A The place. The two fird grow on diners dry banks,notfarre from mount Apennine,and fomtimes in Italic, butyetfeldome. The way Thidles grow euery where by high way fides and common paths,in greatplenty. The places of the red haue bcene diffidently fpoken of in their deferiptions. The time. Thefe kinds of Thidles do flower from the beginning of Iune vntill the end of September. icTht ; HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1013 •kThe names. Thefe Thirties comprehended in this prefent Chapter are by one generall name called in Latinc Car dui fylueftrcspt wilde Thirties,and that which is the fecond in order is named Scolymt .bur not that ScolymL, which Theophrafus declareth to yeelde a milkie iuice, of which we haue written be¬ fore but one of thefe which p/^inhis 2o.booke 23. chapter deferibeth: of fomc they are taken forkindes of Chameleon : their feuerall titles do fetfoorth their feucrallLatine names, and alfo the Englifh. The temperature and verities. Thefe wilde Thirties according to Galen ,are hot and dry in the fcccnd degree, and that thorowe A the propertieof their eflence they driue fcorth (linking vrine if the rootes be boiled in wine and drunke,and that they take away the ranke fmell of the body and arme holes. Diofcortdes faith, that the roote of the common Thiftle applied plaifterwife,correð the filthy B ftnell of the armeholes and whole bodie. And that it worketh the fame effect if it be boiled in wine and drunke, and that it cxpelleth plen- C ty of (linking vrine. The fame author affirmeth alfo,that the herbe being as yet greene and tender, is vfed to be eaten D among other herbes after the maner of ^ifaragus. This beincr (lamped before the flower appeefeth,faith Pliny ^and the iuice prefted foorth,caufeth E haire to growe where it is pilled off,if the place be bathed with the iuice. The roote of any ofthe wilde Thirties beingboiled with water and drunke, is reported to make F them dry thatdrinkeit. It ftrengthneth the ftomacke,and it is reported (ifwebeleeueit) that the fame is alio good for G the matrix.that boies maybe ingendred ,for fo chereas of Athens hath written ,and Glaucias, who is thought to write mod diligently of Thirties. This Thiftle being chewed, is good a gainft funking breath: thus farre Pltme'mhis ao.bookc H 23.chapter. Of the Melon,or Hedgehcgge Thijlle. Chap.yjs- \ • Melocardum Echinatus Pena & VObelij. The Hedgehogge Thiftle. The defeription. “^Ho can but maruell at the rare and Angu¬ lar workemanfhip which the Lord God almightie hath (hewed in this Thiftle, called by the name Echino-Melocaffos, or Melo-car- duus Echinatm? This knobbie or bunchie made or luinpe, is ftrangely compatft and context togithcr, containing in it fundry fhapes and formes, partici¬ pating of a Pepon or Melon,and a Thiftle,both be¬ ing incorporate within one bodie 5 which is made after the forme of a cocke of haie,broadeand flat belowe,but fnarpe toward the top,as big as a mans bodie from the belly vpvvard; on the outfide heere- of are fourteene harde ribs, defeending from the crowne to the lowed part,like the bunchie or out- fwelling rib of a Melon (landing out, and channe¬ led betweene : at the top or crowne of the plant iftueth foorth a fine (liken cotton, wherewith it is full fraught ; within which cotton or flockes lie hid certaine fmallfheathes or cods, fharpeatthe point,and of a deepe (anguine colour , anfwering the cods oiCapficum or Indian Pepper, notin (hew only, but in colour; but the cods are fomwhat fmaller: the furrowed or channeled ribs on the outfide are garnifhed or rather armed with many prickly ftarres , (landing in a compafie like fnarp crooked homes or hookes,ech (larrc confiding of ten or twelueprickes, wherewith the outwarde Sff 3 barke 3 oi 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE barke or peeling is garded, fo that without hurt to the fingers it cannot be touched: this rinde is harde,rhicke,and like vnto Aloes,ofthe colour of the Cucumber: the flefn or inner pulpe is white, fat^wateriftijoftaftc fewer,vnfauorie, and cooling, much like vnto the meateofarawe Melon, or Pompion: this plant groweth without leafe or ftalke,as our northren Thiftle doth , called Acaulis ferwe, and is bigger then the largeft Pompion: the rootes are fmall, fpreading farre abroade in the ground,&conftfting of black and tough twigs, which cannot indure the iniurieof our cold climate, •it The place. This admirable Thiftle groweth vpon the clifts and grauelly grounds neere vnto the fea fide, in the Hands of the weft Indics,called S.Margarets Ue,& S Johns ncer vnto Puertorico or Portoritofc. other places in thofe countries, by the relation of diuers traueilers that haue iourneied into thofe parts, who haue brought me the plant it felfe with his feede; the which woulde not grow in my gar¬ den by reafon of the coldnes of the climate. The time. It groweth, fk>wreth,and flourifheth all the yeere long, as do many other plants of thofe coun¬ tries. it The names. It is called Car ducts Echinattis , Mclocardutts echimtus , and Echino-Mdocaclos: in Englifh die Hedgehogge Thiftle,or prickly Melon Thiftle. it The temperature and vertues. a There is not any thing extant fet foorth of the ancient, nor of the later writers, neither by any A t h at hath traueiled from the Indies themfelues: therefore we leaue it to a further confideration. Of thegummie Thistle calledEuphorbium . Chap . Euphorhium. The poifonous gum Thiftle. 2 Antcuphorbium. The Mithridate againft the poifonous Thiftle, * 7 k HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1015 •klhedefcrrption. 1 i"i Vphorbium (whereout that liquor or gum, called in (hops Euphorbium, is extra&ed) hath I - * very great, tliicke, grofte, and fpreading rootes, difperfed far abroad in the grounde: from which arife long and round leaues,almoft like the fruite of a great Cucumber, a foote and a halfe long, nbbed,walled, and furrowed like vnto the Melon: thefe bunched ribs are fet or armed for the molt part with certaine prickles {landing by coupIes,the point or fharpe end of one garding one way,and the point of another looking dire&Iy a cleane contrarie way; thefe pricks are often found in the gum it felfe, which is brought vnto vs from Libya and other parts: the leaues heereof being planted in the groundsill take roote wel,and bring foorth great increa{e,which thing I haue prooued true in my garden;it hath periftied againe at the firft approch of winterithe fappe or liquor that is extracted out of this plant,is of the colour and fubftance of the creame of milke ; it burneth the mouth extremcly,and the duft or powder doth verie much anoie thehead and the parts there¬ about, caufing great and vehement fneezing, and (luffing of all the pores, 2 This rare plant called o *ht euphorbium , hath a verythicke, grofte, and farre fpreading roote, very like vnto Euphorbium:from which rifeth vpmany round, greene,and flefhie (lalkes, whereup¬ on do grow thicke leaues like Purflane,but longcr,thicker,and tatter: the whole plant is full of cold and clammie moifture, which repreffeth the fcorching force of Euphorbium : and it wholie feemeth at the firft vie we to be a branch of greene corail. 3 CereusVeruuianui (pixofftsL’Ohel]. The torch,or thornic Euphorbium. 4 Calamus Verna, nmftinofkt U Obeli], ThethornieReede of Peru. # The deferIption. 3 There is not amongft the ftrange and admirable plants of the worlde anyone, thatgiueth ; more caufe of marucll,or more mooueth the minde to honor and laud the Creator,then this plant, which is called of the Indians in their mother toong Vragua, which is as much to fay, a torch, ta¬ per,or waxe candle,whereupon it hath been called in Latine of thofe that vnderftoode the Indian toong, cVrm*,or a torch. This admirable plant rifeth vp to the height of afpeare of 20. foote long, although the figure exprefte not the fame; the reafon is, the plant when the figure was drawne S f f 4 came 1016 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE came to our viewe broken ;it hath diuers bunches and valleics^ euen as is to be feene in the Tides of the Cucumber, that is furrowed 3 guttered 3 or chamfered alongft the fame, & as it were laid by a di¬ re# line,with .a welt from one end vnto the other: vpon which welt or line do ftande fmall ft ar life Thiftles,fharpe as neediest of the colour of thole of the Melon Thiftle,that is to fay, of a brovvnc colour : the trunke or bodie is of the bignes of a mans arme 3 or a cable rope; from the middle wher- of, thruft foorth diuers knobbie elbowes of the fame fubftance, & armed with the like prickles that the body or truncke is fet wi thall: the whole plant is thicke, fat, & full of a fiefhie fubftance, hauin^ much iuice like that of Aloes, when it is hardned, and of a bitter tafte: the flowers or fruit we haue no certaine knowledge of 3 onely faith my author, the flowers growe at the top or excreme point of the plant 3 after which follovveth fruite in fhape like a figge,full of a reddilh iuice, which bein» tou¬ ched,ftaineth the hands of the colour of red lead: the tafte is not vnpleafant. 4 T here hath bcene broughtfrom the Indies a prickley Reede. of the bignes of a good big ftaffe of the length of fixe or eight foot,chamfered and furrowed, hauing vpon two fides, growing vnto it an vneuen membrane or skinnie fubftance 3 as it were a iagge or welt fet vpon the wing of a garment and vpon the point ofeuery cut or iagge armed with moft fharpe prickles : the whole truncke is filled full of a fpungious fubftance, fuch as is in the hollo wnes of the brier or bramble, amongft the which is to be feene as it were the pillin'gs of Onions, wherein are often found liuing things, that at the firft feeme to be dead. The plant is ftrange,and brought drie from the Indies,therfore we can not write fo abfolutely heereof as we defire, referring what more might be (aid to a further confide- ration,or a fecond Edition. 4 k The place. Thefe plants do grow vpon the mount Adas,in Lybiajn moft of the Hands in the Mediterranean fea, inallthecoaftof Barbarie efpecially in Saint Cruxneeie vnto the foa fide in a barren place there ,called by the Englifh men Halfe Hanneken; which place is appointed for Marchants to con- ferre of their bufines,euen as the Exchange in London is; from which place my friend mafter Willi* am Martin, aright expert Chirurgion , did procure me the plants of them for my garden by his feruant that he fent thither, as Chirurgion of a fh:p: fince which time I haue receiued plants of di¬ ners others that haue trauailed into other ofthofe parts & coafts: notwithstanding they haue not indured the cold of our extreme winter. 4k 7 he time. They put foorth their leaues in the fpring time,and wither away at the approch of winter. 4 k The names. It is called both inGreeke and Latine /W, Euphorbium ; Phnie in one place putteth the herbe in the Feminine gender,naming it Euphorbia : the iuice is called alio Eupborbion , and fo it is likewife in (hops, we arc fame in Englifh to vfe the Latineworde, and to call both the herbe and iuice by the name of Euphorbium; for ocher name we haue none ;it may be called in Englifh the gum Thiftle. 4 The temperature. Euphorbium that is to fay,the congealed iuice which we vfe, is ofa very hot, and, as Galen faith, cauftickc or burning facultie,and of thinne parts: it is alfo hot and dry in the fourth degree. 4c The vertues. An implaifter made with the gum Euphorbium,and 12.times fb much oile, and a little waxe, is very finguiar againft all aches of the ioints, lamenefle,palfies, cramps,and flhrinking of finewes as Galen in his fourth booke de Medtcamentii Secundum genera, declareth more at large, which to re¬ cite at this prefent,w uld but trouble you ouermuch. g Euphorbium mingled with oile of Bay,and Beares greafo,cureth the fcurfe,& foales of the head, and pildnes,caufing the haireto grow againe,and other bare places being annointed therewith. Q The fame mingled with oile, and applied to the temples offiich as are very fleepie, and troubled with the lethargic,doth awaken and quicken theirfpirits againe. £) If it be applied to the nuque or nape of the necke, it bringeth their fpeech againe that haue loft it by rcafon of the apoplexie. E Euphorbium mingled vvithvineger and applied,taketh away all foule andeuillfauoured fpots, in what part of the bodie foeuer they be. p Being mixed with oile of Walflowers^s Mefues faith, and with any other oile or ointments,it quickly hcateth fuch parts as are oner colde. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1017 It is likewife a remedie againft old paines in the Hucklc bones called the Sciatica. <^A e tw> l J atilus,AciaxriM and c Mefucs do report,thut if it be in wardly taken, it purgeth by liege ivater and flcgme, butwithall it fetreth on fire, fcorchcth and fretteth, notonelythe throteand monthjbnt alfo the ftomacke,liuer,and the reft of the entrailes,and inflameth the whole bodie. Forthatcaufeitmuftnot be beaten (mail, and it is to be tempered with fuch things asalay the I heateand fharpnefle thereof, and that make glibandflipperie, of which things there muft be fuch a quantitie as that it may be fufficient to coucr all ouer the fuperficiallor outward part thereof. Butitis a hard thing fb to couer and fold it vp, or tomixeit, as that it will not burnenorfcorch. K For though it be tempered with neuer fomuchoyle, if it be outwardly applied itraifeth bliftersin them efpeciallv that haue foft and tender flefh,and therefore it is better not to take it inwardly. Iris troublefome to beate it, vnlefle the noftrels of him that beateth it be carefully flopped and L defended, for if it happen that the hot fharpenes thereof do enter into the note,it prefently caufeth itching,and mooueth neezing,ind after that by reafon of the extremitie of the heat, it draweth out abundance of flegme and filth,and laft of allbloud, not without great quantitie of teares. But againft the hot fharpnes of Euphorbium it is reported, that the inhabitants are remedied by M a certaine herbe which ofthe effect and contrary faculties is named euphorbium • this plant likewife is full ofiuicc, which is nothing at all hot and fharpe,but coole and flimie,alaying the heat and fharpnes of Euphorbium ^ we haue not yet learned that the old writers haue fet downe anic thingtouchingthisherbe;notwithftandingitfeemcthtobeakindeofOrpine; which is the anti¬ dote or counterpoifon againft the poifon and venome of Euphorbium ,. OfT*bree leafedgrajfe,or Aledow* Trefoile. *kl he kwdes. T"* Hercbediucrs fortes of Three leafed grafle.s, fome greater, others Iefter; fome bring foorth • flowers of one colour, fomeof another, fome of the water, and others of the land; fome of a pleafant f nell,others {linking: and firft of the common Medow Trefoiles, which are called in Irifh Shammkes. I Trifoliumpratenfe. 2 Trifo/iumpr&tenfeflore nibo. Medow Trefoile. Medow Trefoile with white flowers. o:a ioi8 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & T he defeription. 1 Tk K Edow Trefoile bringth foorth dalkes a cubitelong, roundeandfomethinghairic: the lV| greater part of which creepethvpon the ground, whereon do growe leaues confiding of three ioyned togither,one (landing a little from another ; of which thole that are next the ground and rootes, are rounder, and they that growe on the vpper part longer; hailing for the moll part in the midded a white (pot like ahalfe moone. The flowers come foorth on the tops of the ftalkes in a tuft or fhort foxetaile eare ,ofa purple colour, and fweete of tade. The feede grow- cth in little huskes,round and blackifh .The roote is long 3 woodie,and groweth deepe. 2 I here is another of the field Trefoiles, differing from the precedent elpeciallyin the colour of the flowers: for as thofe are of a bright purple 5 contrariwife thefe arc very white,which maketh the difference. There is alio a Trefoile ofthiskinde, which is fowen in fieldes of the lowe Countries, in Italic, and diners other places beyond the feas, that commeth vp ranker and higher than that which groweth in rnedowes 3 and is an excellent foodefor cactell both to fatten them, and caufc them to giue great ftore of milke. Likewife we haue in our fieldes a fmaller Trefoile that bringeth foorth yellow flowers, a greater and a lefler, and diners others alfo, differing from thefe in diners notable poinies, the which to ■diftinguifh apart would greatly enlarge our volume, and yet to fmall purpofe ; therefore we Ieaue them to be diftinguifhed by the curious,who may at the firft view eafily perceiue the difference.and alfo that they be of one flocke or kinred. # The place. Common Medow Trefoile groweth in medowes, fertillpaftures,and waterifh grounds. The others lone the like foile. The time. They flower from May to the end of fommer. &7 he names. Medow Trefoile is called in Latine Trifoliumpratenfe: in high Dutch OTiftttlfe X in low Dutch dtHl£££nt in French Treffle and Trainiere, and Vifewnarut, as Marcellm an olde writer teflifieth: in Englifh Common Trefoile,Three leafed grade :offome Suckles, and Honifuckles, Cockheads, and in Irifh Shamrockes . The temperature. The leaues and flowers of Medowe Trefoiles arecolde and drie. The venues. A The decodlion of Three leafed grade made with honie, and vfed in a clifter, isgoodagaind ti e frettingsand paines of the guts, and driueth foorth tough and flimie humors that cleaue to the guts. B The leaues boiled with a little barrowes greafe, and vfed as a pultis, taketh aw ay hot (welling? and inflammations. Q Oxen and other cattell do feede of theherbe,and al(b calues anc|yoong Iambes.The flowers aie acceptable to bees. D Fl/niewmcth, and fetteth it downe for certaine, that the leaues hereof do tremble, and (lande right vp again!! tbecommingofa (lorme or temped. E The Medow Trefoile (efpecjally that with the blacke halfe moone vpon the leafe ) damped with a little honie,taketh away the pin and web in the eies, ceafeth thepaine and inflammation thereof, if it be drained and dropped therein, O/Jlinkfng Trefoile for Treacle (flatter* Cbap.^jS . ^ 7 he defeription. T Reacle Clauer groweth vpright like a fhrubby plant,with dalkes of a cubite and a halfe high; whereupon do growe next the ground broad leaues three ioined togither, thofe vpon the dalkes are longer and narrower. The dalkesare couered ouer with a rough euill coloured hairynes.The leaues are of a darke blacke greene colour, and of a lothfome (mell,like the Pitch cal¬ led Bitumen ludaicum, whereof it tooke his name. The flowers growe at the top of the dalkes of a darke I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. lolj? darkepurplim colour tending to blewnefie, infhape like thofe of Scabious. The feede is broad^ rough,long,and fharpe pointed. The roote is finall and tender, and cannot endure the coldhefle of our winter,bur periiheth at the firft approch thereof. . rr .' fill 'y : Trifoliutn bituminofttm. Treacle Clauer. # The place. Itgroweth naturally,faith Hippiatros, noi Hip¬ pocrates Cous y in,rough places, as Ruelhm tranfla- teth it. In Germanie, Fraunce and England, it neuer commeth vp ofit felfe ,but muft be fowen in gardens, as my felfe hauc prooued diuers times, and was conftrained to lowe ityeerely, or elfe it would not comeVp, neither of his ownO fowingorotherwife. The time. It flowreth not in my garden vntill the end of Auguft. it The names. Nicander calleth this Trefoile vujKnMv : in Latine Tnfolium acutum, or fharpe pointed Tre¬ foile : of Blinie Trifolium odoratumy but not pro¬ perly,of others T nfolium AJphaltatm , flue Bitu - mnojitmjo r Stone Pitch Trefoile. f_Auicen calleth it Tarfilon, and not Handaco - cha 7 asfomehaue thought, for vndcr the name of Handacocha^Au/cend oth comprehend Diof corides his Loti,dc\zi is to fay, Lotus vrbanafylue - Jtris, and AEgypfa, which Diofcorides confoun- deth one with another in one chapter: inEng-i lifh it is called Clauer gentle, Pitch Trefoile, (linking Trefoile,and Treacle Clauer. T he temperature. This Trefoile called ^AJphaltJeum , as Galen faith ,is hot and dry,as Bitumen is,and that in the third degree. •fr Thevertues . Being drunke, it taketh away the paine ofthe fides, which commeth by obflru&ions or flop- pings,prouoketh vrine,and bringeth downe the defired flcknefie. Hippocrates writeth, that it doth not onely bring them downe, biitlikewife the birth, notonely g inwardly taken,but alfo outwardly applied. If a woman,faith he,be not well denied after hir childe bearing,giue hir this Trefoile to drinke in white wine. Diofcorides faith, that the leedcs and leaues being drunke in water, are a remedie for the pleuri- Q fie,dimcultie of making water, the falling licknes, the dropfie when it firft beginneth,and for thole that are troubled with the mother. The quantitie to be taken at once is three drams of the feedes, and lower of the leaues. The leaues drunke in Oxymel,or a firupe of vineger made with honie, is good for thole that are 0 bitten with lerpents. Some afhrmc that the decc&ion of the whole plane, roote and leaues, taketh away paine from £ thofe whom ferpents haue bitten, ifthey be wafhed therewith; but if any other man hailing an vl- cer bewalhed with that water wherewith he was bathed that was bitten of thelerpcnt, they fay that he fnallbe troubled in the lame maner that the ftingedpartie was. Some alfo giue with wine three leaues, or a fmall quantide of the feedes in tertian agues, and in p quarraine Fewer,as a lure remedie againll the fits. The roote alfo is put into antidotes or counterpoifons, faith Diofcorides, but other ancient Phili- G tionsdonot onely rmxe the roote with them, butalfothefcede,asweidayfeein(7<*/<r», by a great , ' . many io2.o THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE many corapofitlons in his fecond booke of Antidotes, that is to fay, in the Treacles AElim G&lltu Zeno LmdocempeUndius Apollonius EudeTnns Aler dcii dc s JS oroth&nsHerns. H The herbe damped and applied vpon any enuenomed wound,or made with poifbned weapon ; c draweth the poifon from the depth mod apparantly .But if it be applied vpon a wound where there is no venemous matter to workc vpon, it doth no leffe infeft that part, than if it had beene bitten with home ferpcnt or venemous bead: which woonderfull effed it doth not performe in refped of any vitious qualitie that it hathimtfelfe, but bicaufe it doth not finde that venemous matter to worke vpon, which it naturally draweth (as the Loadedone doth iron;) wherupon it is condrained through his attradiue qualitie,to draw and gather togither humors from far vnto the place -wherbv the pains is greatly encreafed. / r 5 ■> I Of diners other 7 * refoiles . Chap.^jy. & The defeription. 1 pP Hree leafed grade of America hath diuers crooked, round dalks,leaning this way and that J way, and diuided into diuers branches: whereon do growe leaues like thofe of the medow Trefoile, of a black green colour,& of the fmell of Pitch T refoile, or Treacle Clauer. The dowers growe at the top of the branches, made vp in a long (piked chaffie eare of a white colour; after which commeth the (cede, fomewhatflat, almod like to thofe of Tares. Theroote is long drings of a woodie fubfhnce. 2 This Three leaf ed grade, which Dodcnntis in his lad edition calleth Trifolium cochlestum pri- tnnm > and L'Obclius vnder the title of Fcenum Burgundiacum, hath diuers round vprightdalkes,of a woodie tough fubdance, yet not able of itfelfe todand without a prop or day: which dalkes are diuided into diuers fmall branches,whereupon do growe leaues ioined three togither like the other Trefoiles, HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. ion Trefoiles,but ofa darke fwart green* colour. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes confiding of a chaffie matter, of a darke purple colour. The, feede followeth contained in fmall wrinkled huskes turned round, after the manner.of a water fnaile. The roote is thicke, compofedof diuers tough threddic drings,and lafteth long in my garden with great increale. rifolium sdmantkum. Portingale Trefoile. "Sc The description. 3 This Three leafed grade of Salmanca,a citie as I take it of Portingale, differeth not much from our field Trefoile: it hath many branches weake and tender, trailing vpon the ground, of two cubits and a halfe high: whereupon do growe leaues let togither by three vpon aftem 5 from the bolome whereof thruft foorth tender footeflalkes, whereon do ftand mod fine flowers of a bright redde tending to purple 5 after which come the feede wrapped in fmall skins,of a red colour. 4 The Hart Trefoile hath very many flexible branches, fet vpon a (lender ftalke, of the length of two or three foote, trailing hither and thither, whereupon do growe leaues ioined togither by three on little (lender foofedalkes, euery little leafeof the fafhionof a Hart, whereof it tooke his name 5 among which come foorth fcalie, or chaffie yellow flowers. The roote is thickeand threddie. / 5 Thi s kinde of Three leafed grade is a Iowe herbe, creeping vpon the ground. The leaues are like thofeof the common Trefoile but leder, and of a grayifh gueene colour. The flowers are faire and yellow,fafhioned like thofeof Broome,but leder, after come three or fower round cods, wherein is contained round feede. The roote is long and reddifb. This codded Trefoile is like vnto the lad defcribed in euery refpe<d,fauing that this plant is alto- gither leder,which fetteth foorth the difference. 5 Trtfolttm 1022 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Trifoliumfiliquojtm. Codded Trefoile. 7 Lotus ineana/iue Oxytriphyilum Scribonij Largt . HoarieClauer. ft The description, 7 There is a kinde of Clauer growing about Narbone in Fraunce, that hath many twiggic tough branches camming from a woodie roote, whereon are fet leaues three togither, after the manner of the other Trefoiles, fomewhat long, hairie, andofahoarie or ouervvorne greene co¬ lour. The flowers are yellow, and growe at the tops of the branches like thofe of Broome. ft The place. The feuerail titles of moft of thele plants fet f’oorth their natiirall place of growing: the reft growe in moftfertill fields of England. ft The time. They flower and flourifhmoftof thefommer monethes. ft The names. There is not much to be (aid as touching their names,more than hath beenefetdowne. ft The temperature and verities. The temperature and faculties of thefe Tre¬ foil : are referred vnto the common Mcdowc Trefoile. of 1023 HIST OKIE OF PLANTS. j ;V J Of the great Trefoile s^r winged Clatters. Chap:^ So. PjiajT 2 . ■- ‘ ,,u - • i ■ - itThekwdes . There be diuers of thefe great Trefoiles,which do likewife differ in their kinde very notably. I Lugopum maximum. 2 Lezopodmm^Ves ieporis. The great Hares foote Trefoile. Little Hares foote Trefoile. 1 He great Hares foote being a kind of Trefoile,hath a hard and woodieroote.full ofblackc thredaie firings ifrom whence arife diuers tough and feeble branches,wbereupon do grow Jongleaues/etvpon a middle rib Decouples one againft another, Scone in the very poin r 5 makingthewholcleafetorefernblethofcof the Greeke Valerian i the flowers grow at the top of the (hikes, compofedofa bunch of graiehaires: among the which foft matter commeth focith {mail flowers of a moft bright purple colour;, fomewhat relemblingthe flowers of the common medowe Trefoile, but farre greater. 2 The fmall Hares foote hath a rounde,rough,and hairie flalkc 3 diuiding it felfe into diners other branches; whereupon do grow fmall leaues,three iomed togither, like thofe of the final! yellows Trefoile: the flowers growe at the very point of the (hikes, confiding of a rough knap or bull: <A haires or downe, like that of ^Alopecuros , or Foxetaile, of a whitilh colour tending to a light blufih: the roote is fmall and hard. There be diuers other forts the face and fhewe whereofwill or may diftinguifh themfelues, hi- caule they do allandeueryof thembeare the face of thefortner, differing feme in greatneffe, others in colour of the flowers, therefore it fhall fuffice what hath beene faide in the deierption,. k The ton THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE it Theplace. The fir ft groweth in the fieldes of Fraunce and Spaine, and is a ftranger in England^yet it grow* eth in iny garden. The fmall Harefoote groweth among corne, efpecially among Barly 3 and likewife in barren pa* , ftures almoft euery where. , it The time. They flower and flouriih in June, Iuly 3 and Auguft. it The names. The great Harefoote Trefoile is called of Tragus Cytifus, of Corpus Trifolium magnum,ofVObe - lm Lagopum maximum, and Lagopodium ; in Greeke retyomvf. in Englifh the great Hares foote. The laft, being the fmallcftof thefc kindes of Trefoiles, is called Lagopus and Pes Leporis : in Dutch IpafCftpOOtfiCn^; in high Dutch ^)afCU fllfj X in French Pied delieure : in English Hare* foote. it The temperature and vertues. A The temperature and faculties are referred vnto the other Trefoiles, whereof thefe arekindcs: notwithftanding Dtofcorides faith,that the fin all Hares foote doth binde and drie. It ftoppeth. faith he,the laske,ifit be drunke with red wine.But it muft be giuen in agues,with water. OfIVater Trefoile , or HuclfBednes. Cbap.f&i, it The defeription. He great Marfh Trefoile hath thicke fat ftalkes, weake and tender, full of a fpungious pith, very fmoothe, and of a cubite long: whereon do growe leaues like to thofe of the garden Beane, fet vpon the ftalkes three ioined togither like the other Trefoiles. fmoothe,Chining, and of a deepe greene colour-among which toward the top of the ftalks ftandeth a bufh of feather- " like HISTORIC OF PLANTS. . 1025 ike flowers of a white colour, dafht ouer (lightly with a wafh of light carnation,after which the feed ollowcth , contained in finall buttons, or knobby huskes, of a browne y clfowifti colour like vnto vlillet and of a bitter taflc; the rootes creepe diners waics in the muddie marifh grounde,bcin g fill )fioints,white within,and full ofpores,and fpungie,bringing foorth diners by-fh6otes 3 flalks,and eaues.by which meanes it is eafily increased, and largely multiplied. _ , The fecond differeth not from the preceden t,fauing it is altogidier letter,whenn confifteth the litference, iftherebeany: for doubtlefie I thinkeit isthefelfelameineachrefpe&, and is made Treater and letter,according to his place of growing,clymate,and countrey." •' # The place. Thefe grow in marifh and Fennic places,and vpon boggie grounds almott euery where, it The time. They flower and flourifh from lime to the end of Atigufl. itThe names. , Marifh Trefoile is called in high'Dtrtch BlbCridECjthat is to fay 3 Caftri* Trifolium pi Trifolium Hbrtnum: in low Dutch of thelikenes that the leaues haue with the garden Beanestl, hat is to hy.Fafclus Hirunmpi B»na Hircma : the later Herbarifls call it Trfolium palupe , and ?aludofum } of fome Ifipyrum: in Englifh marfh Clauer,marfh Trefoile,and Bnckes Beanes. it Thetemperaturc andvertues. Thefecdc of Ifepyrum, or Trifolium paluf re, faith Diofcorides , if it be taken with meads or honied [\ water,is good againit the cough and paine in the chefl. It is alio a remedie for tdiofe that hauc weake liners and fpet blond, for' as Galen faith it clenfeth B ind cutteth tough humours,hauing alfo ioined with it an aftringent or binding qualitie. Of fweete T rfoilefr garden Clauer . CbappSi. Tr folium odor at urn. Sweete Trefoile. it The defeription. WeeteTrefoilehathan vprightflalke, hol- low,and of the height of two cubits, diuid ing it felfe into diuers braunches: whereon doe growe leaues by three and three, like to the other Trefoiles, {lightly and fuperficially nicked in the edges: from the bofome wherof come the flowers, euery one {landing vpon his owne fingle foote- flalke,confifting of little chaffie huskes, of a light or pale blewifh colour 5 after which come vp little heads or knops, in which lieth the feece, of a whi- tifh yellow colour, and letter then that of Fenu- greeke : the roote hath diuers firings: the whole plant is not onely of awhitifh greene colour, but alfo of a fweete frnell, and of a flirong aromaticall orfpicie fent, and more fweete when it is dried: which frnell in the gathered and dried plant doth likevvife continue long; and in moifl and rainie weather, it fmelleth more then in hot and drie weather: and alfo when it is yet frefh and greene, itloofethand recouereth asaine his fine!! fcauen times a daie, whereupon the old wines in Germa¬ nic do call it 0l£U£np5atCtt KtatStj that is, the herbe that chaunceth ieauen times a day; • it The place. It is fowen in gardens'not onely beyond the feas,butindiuc .. f g’.iud. T c c 1 it The 1025 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ♦ ft The time. It is fovvcn in Maie,it flowreth in Iune and luly , and perfeð his feede in the ende of Auguft 3 thefameyeereitisfowen. ft The names. It is commonly called in Latine Trifolium odor at um : in high Dutch as vve haue faide ^>I0U£ U ffg?eitcn: in low Dutch £$CUCttgt)£tfjCtliijtj that is to fay, an herbe of feauen times: it is called in Spanifh Trebel Real: in French Treffle odor zfer ant : in Englifh fvveete Trefoile,and garden Clauer: icleemeth zobc Lotus vrbana, orfat/ua, ofwhich Diofcondes writethin his fourth booke: neuer- thelefle diners authors let downcMclilotfor Lotus vrbana and Trifolium odoratum , blit not pro¬ perly. ft The temperature. Galen faith , that fweete Trefoilc doth in a meane concodt and dry , and is in a meane and tem¬ perate facultiebctweene hot and colde: the which faculties vndoubtedly are plainly perceiued in this fvveete Trcfoile. ft Thevertues. A The iuiceprefedfoorthfrith Diofcorides, with honie added thereto, clenleth the vlcers of the eies,called in Latine ^Argem^vA takethaway Ipots in theian)c,called Albugines ; and remooueth fuch things as do hinder the fight. B The oile wherein the flowers are infufed or flieped, doth perfe&Iy cure greene woundes in very fhort fpace; it appealed! the paine of the gout, and all other aches, and is highly commended againfl ruptures,and burftingsinyoongchildren. q The iuicegiuen in white wine,cureth thole that haue fallen from fomehigh place,auoideth con¬ gealed and clotted blond,and alio helpeth thofe that do pifle bloud,by meanes of fome great brufe, as was prooued lately vpon a boicin Fanchurch flreete,whom a cart went oner, whereupon he did not onely pifle bloud,but molt woonderfully it gullied foorth,both at his nofe and mouth. D The dried herbe laide among garments,keepeth them from Mothes and other vermine. 0/ Fenegree,\e. Qhap.dJ&y Fccmmgr&cum. Fenegrecke. 7 he defer ft ion. F Enegreeke hatha long {lender trailing ftalfce, greene,hol!ow within, and diuided into diners (mall branches: whereon do growe leaues like thole of the medow Trefoile, but rounder &lef er, greene on the vpper fide, on the lower fide tending to an afh colour: among which come final! white flowers , after them Iikewilc long {lender narrowe cods, in which do lie final vneeuen feeds,of a yello* wiih colour; which being dricd,haue a llrong fine), yet not vnpleafant: the roote is fmal,andperifhetn when it hath perfeded his feede. There is awildekinde heereof leruing ro Hnlc vfe,thathath fmall round branches,full of knees oi ioints; from each ioint proceedeth alinail tender footllalke, whereon do grow three leaues and no more, femewhat fnipt about the edges, like vnro thole of Burgundie Haie: from the bofomes whereof come foorth fmall flowers, which turnc into little cods: the roote is thicke, tough, anc pliant. ft Theplace. Fenegreekcisfbweninfiddes beyond the leas in England we fowe a fmall quantitie therofinoui gardens. ft The time. It hath two fealons of lowing, according tc Columella HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. toiy Columella, of which one is in September, at what time it is fowen that it may ferue for fodder againft winter; the other is in the end oflanuary, or the beginning of February 3 notwithftanding we may not fow it vneiil Aprill in England. ii The names. It is called in Greeke-nk/?, or as it is founde in Ptiny his copies Carphos •* in Latine Fccniim Gr<$- cum' Columella faith that it is called Sfliqua : in Pliny we read Sihcia : in Varro Silicitla: in high Dutch jin Italian Ftfngreco: in Spanifh (_ Alfornns : in French Fenegtec: iriEnglifh Fenegreeke. The temperature and vertucs. It is thought according x.o Galen in his bookeofthe faculties of nourifhments, that it is one of A thole Simples which domanifeftly heate,and that men do vfe it for foode as they do Lupines; for it is taken with pickle to keepe the body foluble, and for this purpofe it is more agreeable then Lu- pines,feeing it hath nothing in his owne proper fubftance,that may hinder the working. The mice of boiled Fenegreeke taken with honie,is good to purge by the floole all maner ofcor- B rupt humours that remaine in the guts, making foluble thorow his flimines, and mitigating paine thorow his warmnes. And bicaufe it hath in it a clenfing or fcourmg facultie, it raifeth humours cut of the chefl: but C there mild be added vnto it no great quantitie ofhony lead the biting qualitie fhould abound. In old difeafes of the cheft without an age w,fat dates arc to be boiled with it,but when you haue D mixed the fame iuice preffed out with a great quantitie ofhony, and haue againe boiled it on a foft- fire to a meane thicknes,then rnuft you vfe it long before meate. In his bookc of the faculties of Simple medicines,he faith that Fenegreeke is hot in tlie feconde E degree and dry in the firft: therefore it doth kindle and make woor fe hot inflammations, but fisch as are leffe hot and more hard,are therewith cured by being wafled and confumcd away. The meale of Fenegreeke as Diojcoudes writeth,is of force to mollifie and wafte away .being boi- F led with meade and applied it taketh away inflammations,as well inward asoutward. The fame being tempered or kneaded with niter and vineger, doth (often and wafte away the G hardnesofthemilt. It is good for women that haue either impoftume, vIcer,or ftoppings ofthe matrix,to bathe and H fit in the decodlion thereof. T he iuice of the decodtion prefled foorth doth clenfe the haire,taketh away dandraffc, fcoureth l running fores ofthe head,called of the Grecians being mingled with goofe greafe&putvp inmanerofapeflarie, or mother fuppofitorie, doth open and mollifie all the parts about the mo¬ ther. Greene Fenegreeke brufed and pouned with vineger,is a remedy for weakc and feeble parts, and K that are without skin,vlcerated and raw. The decoction thereof is good againft vlcers in the low gut, and foule (linking excrements ofL thofe that haue the bloudy flixe. The oile which is preffed out thereof (coureth haires and (cars in the priiiie parts. M The deco&ion of Fenegreeke feede^madeinwine^anddrunke with a little vineger, expelleth all N euill humours in the ftomacke and guts. The feeds boiled in wine with dates and bony,vnto the forme ofa lyrupe^doth mundifie & clenfe Q the bred,and eafeth the paines thereof. , /•. . ' 1 he meale of Fenegreeke boiled in meade or honied water, confumeth and diftolueth allcolde P hard impeftumes and (wellings, and bcingmixed with the roots of marfh Mallowes,and Linfeede effedeth the fame. . .,7, It is very good for women that haue any greefe or (welling in the matrix,or other lower parts if they bathe thole parts with the decodtion thereof made in wme,or lit ouer it and fweate. It is good to walla the head with the decodtion of the (cede,for it taketh away thefeurffe, feales, ft nittes,and all other fuch like imperfections. Of Horned Clauer>andblacl\e Clauer. Qbap> 484 . $ the defer iption. 1 He horned Clauer, or codded Trefoile, groweth vp with many weake and (lender (hikes lying vpon the grounde: about which are (et white leaues,fomewhat long, leffer, and nar¬ rower then any of the other Trefoiles: the flowers grow at the tops,of the fafhion of thofe of Peafon,of a (hining yellow colour, and very little; after which come certaine little crooked cods, long and (lender 5 in which are contained little^ rounde (eeds: the roote is harde and woodie, and lendeth foorth yoong fprings euery veere. 2 This kinde of three leafed Grade,or rather fewer leafed TrefoiIe,hath leaues like vnto the com¬ mon medowTrefoile/auing that they be Iefler, and of a^browne purp!i(h colour, knowne by the name of Purple Woort,or Purple Grade y whole flowers are in fhape like the medow Trefoile,but of a duftie ouerworne colour tending to whitenes, the which doth oftentimes degenerate, fome- time into three leaues ,(ometimes in flue, -and alfo into (eauen, and yet the plant of his nature hath l?ut fower leaues and no more. k the place. The firft groweth wilde in barren ditch bankes,paftures,and dry rnountaines. Thefecond groweth likewile in paftures andfieldes, but not (b common as the other: and is planted in gardens. k The time. They flower in Inly and Auguft. 3 : HIS TO RIE OF PLANTS. ;K. 1029^ •fr.Tfteftatiics. . The fir ft is called Lotus- Trifoliapsnd Trifoliimccrniculatum;\nTLng\i(h- horned Clauej^ or cod¬ ded Trefoil e. ■ n piMfiUpH The ocher is called Lotus quadrifoha,or fo wer kafedGrtafie,orrpurpk YVoort.,of Pena m^ Vobe- Hus, quadnfohwn fee mm fujeutn Hoyt or um. /v \VhVv v; ■: '.fii i>2 ftThetemperatJmiaudv’trftses.il iir r ‘ Their faculties in working are referred vattyth&niedowe Trefoiles 5 notwithftanding it is repor- ]\ ted that the leaues of purple Wodrt’ftahip f ed } andt'heiuice giue^ to drinke, ciucth yoong : children of the difeafe called in Englifh the purples. . :■ 3M3 T -vy : ' ‘ 1 ' - s-. -i-'- Ik- oL viV.viVo c.. .i/.\ .laidc;Aar.Yv obrrb • •; >r yrA^o, J\'i ^uc^.Y OfzPvfedick^ fodder for Snafe Clauer. CbapA-Sj. ’■Yob: : to v l TnfoliumCochleatum. Medick fodder. * 2 T rifollum Cci bleat tan marinwn. . fwf f*Air\s r\i- Cf“5 F'M. Medick fodder of the fea. lO . >ur ¥ n » - j&f & The description. 1 His kinde of Trefbile called Medica , hath many final! and ramping (lender branches, J[ crawling and creeping along vpon the grounde, fee full of broad leaues, (lightly indented about theedgesrthe flowers are very finall, and ofa pale yellowe colour,which turne into round wrinckled knobs, like the water fiiaile, or the fiflt called Pefiwinck, wherein is contained flat leed/a fhioned like a little kidney,in colour yellovve, in tafte like a Fetch or Peafe i the roore is (mall,and dieth when the feede is ripe: it groweth in my garden,and is good to feede cattle fat. 2 Thiskinde alio ofTrefoi!e(called Medico, manna, in Etiglifh (eaTrefoiIe,growingnaturally by the fea fide,about Weftchefter, & vpon the mediterranean lea coaft, & about Venice) hath leaues very like vnto the common Medow Trefoile,but thicker, and couered oner with a flockie hoarines like Gnafatium ,after the maner of moft of the fea herbes: the flowers are yellow:thc (cedswrinckled like the former,but in quantitie they be lefter. Ttt 3 •kTht * 03 ° THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ; & The place. The firft is fowcn in the fieldcs of Germanie,ltaly,and other countries to feeds their cattle,as we in England do Bucke wheat,we haue a fmallquantity thcreofin our gardens,for pleafures fake. The fecond groweth necre vnto the fea fide in diuers places. & The time. Me die a muft be fowen in Aprill; it fiowreth in Iune and Iuly; the fruit is ripe in the ende of Au- guft. -i’’ The names. Medick fodder is calledoffbme Trifolium Cochleatum ,and Medica: in French V herbe d Limaffon: in Greeke^«=OxH: in Spanifh Mielguas : of the Valentians,and Catalons ^dlfafa, by a worde either barbarous,or Arabicke: for the chiefe of the Arabian writers ^Ai^tcen doth call Medica Cot, Alafe • /<?*/,and Lsdlfasfafa. - ... T • \ r r The other is called fea CIauer,and Medick fodder of the fea. $e The temperature and vertues. Medick fodder is of temperature colde,for which caufeit is applied greene vnto fuch inflamma¬ tions ,and infirmities as haue neede ofcooling. 0 / wood Sorrellfor Stubmort. Chap. 4 . 86 . •> ■ 1 Oxysalba. White wood Sorrell. 2 Oxys lute a . Yellow wood Sorrell. "klhe defeription. s Xys PhniaKAyOt Trifolium acetofum , being a kinde of three leafed graffe,is a Iowe and bale herbe,without ffalke j the leaues immediately arifing from the roote vpon fhort ftems, at their firft coinming foorth folden togither,but afterwarde they do fpread abroad and are of a faire light green colour,in number three ; like the reft of the Trefoiies, but that each leafe hath a deep cleft or rift in the middleiamongft thefe leaues com vp fmall &weake tender ftems,fuch as the leaues . HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1031 Icaues do grow vpon,which bcare (mail ftarlike flowers,of a white colour with (bme brightnefle of carnation da(htouer the fame: the flower confifteth of fine (mail leaues, after which come little round knaps,or husks,full of yellowifh feederthe roote is verie threddie 3 and of a reddifh colour: the whole herbe is in tafte like Sorrell,but much (harper and quicker, and maketh better greene fauce, then any other herbe or Sorrell whatfoeuer, 2 The fecond kind of Oxys or wood Sorrell 3 is very like the former, failing that his flowers are of ayellowe colour, and yeeldeth for his feede veffels (mail and long horned cods, in other refpeds alike. ft The place. Thefe plants do growc inwoods 3 andvnder bufhes 3 in fandie and (hadowie places in cucrie countrey. ft The time. They flower from the beginning of Aprill vnto the end of Maic 3 and midft oflune. 1 he names. Wood Sorrell or cuckow Sorrell, is named in Latine Trtfoliumacetofow. the Apothecaries and Hcrbarifts call it and Paxis Cuculi, or Cuckowes meate 3 bicaufe either the Cuckowe feedeth thereon ? or by reafbn when it (pringeth fool'th and flowreth 3 the Cuckowe fingeth moft 3 at which time alfo Alleluya was woontto be fung in churches. Hieronymus FracaHorius nameth it Luyula. ^Alexander Benedict us faith 3 that it is called Alimoma : in high Dutch in low Dutch CoCCkCOCCCb^OOt ♦ in French Fain de Cocu: in Hnglifh woode Sorrell 3 woode Sower, Sower Trefoile 3 Stubwoort, Alleluia 3 and Sorrell duBois. It is thought to be that which Pliny calleth Oxys,o f which in his 2 y.booke 12.chapter,he writeth thus, Oxys is three leafed; it is good for afeeble (tomacke,which is alfo eaten of thofo that are bur¬ den : but Galen in his ^booke of Simples faith; rhat Oxys is the lame, which alfo Oxalis or Sorrell is; and Oxysis found in Pliny to be alfo Junes fyeciespt a kinde ofRufh. ft The nature . Thefe herbes are colde and drie like Sorrell. ft The verities. Sorrell du Bois or Wood Sorrell, (lamped and vfed for greene fauce 3 is good for them that hatie A ficke and feeble (lomacks 3 for it (Irengthneth rheftomacke, procureth appetite, and of all Sorrell fauces is the bed,not onely in vertue,but alfo in the pleafantnes ofhis tafte. It is a remedie againft putrified and (linking vlcers of the mouth 3 it quencheth third, and cooleth 3 mightely an hotpeftilentiall feauer, elpecially being made in a (irup with fugar. Of noble Lyuerwoort , or golden Trefoile . Chap . 487 , ft The defeription. 1 Ik TObleLiucrwoort hath many leaues fpredvpon thegrounde, three cornered, refembling I the three leafed grafie,of a perfect grade greene colour: among which rife vp diuers (mad tender footftalkes,ofthree inches long, on theends whereof (lands one fmall (ingle blew flower,confiding of fixe little Ieaues,hauing in the middle a fewe white chines :thefeede isinclo- fed in little round knaps, of a whitifh colour, which being, ripe do dart foorth of themfelues • the roote is flender,compoled of an infinite number of blacke firings. 2 The fecond is like vnto the precedent in leaues, rootes, and feedes: the flowers heereofare of a fhining red colour, wherein confifteth the difference. 3 This.ftrange three leafed Liuerwoort differeth not from the former, failing that this bringeth foorth double blew flowers tending to purple,and the others not fo. There is another in my garden with white flowers, which in (hikes and cuery other rclpedl is like the others. I Hepaticum Ttt 4 THE SECON 3 Hepatic a multifor a L’Obeh}. Noble Liuerwoort with double flowers. BOOKE OF THE 2 Hepaticatrifolia rubra. ie The place* Thefe pretie flowers arc found in moft places of Germanie in fhadovvic woods among fhrubs, and aifo by high waies fidesjin Italic likewife 3 and that not onely with the blew flower, but the fame with double flowers alfo, by the report of l Ah phonftes Pancius dodior of Phificke in the Vniucr- firie of Ferrara j a man excellently well feenein the knowledge of Simples. They do all growc likewife in my garden, except that with double flowerSjwhich as yet is a ftranger in England. k 7 he time. They flower in March and Aprill, and perfed their feedc in May. 7 he names. Noble Liuerwoort is called Hepatica trifolia Hepatica aurea,Trifolittm aureum , of Baptifta Sar - due Herba Trimtatis 'in high Dutch JLCbEC fcraut : in Jowe Dutch (£t»0l iUuer crutjt : in French Hepaticfue: in Englifh Golden Trefoils, Three leafed Liucrwoort ; iioble Liucrwoorr,and HerbeTrinitie. v’ The temperature. Thefe herbes are cold and drie, with an aftrin- gent or bindingepialitie. k’The HIS TOR IE OF PLANTS. 1055 * v - tfr Thevcrtucs. It is reported to be good againll the weakneffe of theliuer, which proceedeth of an hot caufe :A foritbothcooleth, andftrengthencth it not a little. ^ BxptiHa Sarduu commendeth it andwriteth, that the chiefevcrtue is in thcroote, ifalpoonefuIlB of the powder thereof be giuen certaine daies togither with wine, or with fome kinde of broth , it profiteth much againft the difeafe called JLnterocele. Of dilot ? or Plaijler flaucr. fhap. zj.8 8. * V *'■ 'fcThekindes. TT Here be diuers fortes of the CIauers 3 or Three leafed gralfe, wherewith plaifters and falues arg made,cornmonly called Melilot, as fhall be fhewed. I CMelilotui Syria.cn odor a. Adyrian Clauer. , , 2 Melt lotus italica dr Patau/xa, Italian Clauer, # 7 he defeription. r r T" , Hefirfl: kinde of Melilote hath great plentieof fmall, tough and twiggiebranches,and J[ ftalkesfullof iointsor knees, in height twocubites, Tet full of leaues three togther, like vnto Burgundie haie. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes of a pale yellow colou^ Handing thickly let and compact togither, in order of rowes, very like the flowers of Securidxcn aU tera\ which being vade d, there followe certaine crooked cods, bending or turning vpward, with a fharpe point, in fafhion not much vnlike a Parrets bill, wherein is contained feede very like Fcne- greeke,but more flat and flenderer. The whole plant is of a reafonable good fmell, much like vnto honie,and very full of iuice: die roote is very tough and pliant. 2 Ths / i°54 THE SECOND BoOKE OF THE 2 Thefecondkindeof Melilotehath fmalland tendervpright (hikes, acubite high andfome- what more,of a reddidi colour,fet full of round leaues three togither,dented full of nickes here and there confufediy about the edges, as though they had beene bitten with mice, like the other Tse- foiles 3 and are of a very deepe greerie colour ,thicke, fat, and full of inice. The flowers grow alongft the top of the ftalkes, of a yellow colour, which turtle into rough round feedes as big as a Tare, and of a pale colour : the whole plant hath alfb the fauour of honie, and perifheth when it hath borne hislecde. 3 c JWelilottts cofonata. Kings Clauer. 4 MelilotmGermanick. Germanie Clauer. # The defeription. 3 The third kind ofMelilothath round (talks and lagged leaues fet round about,notmuch vnlike the leaues of Fenegrceke, alvvaies three growing togither like the Trefoiles, and oftentimes conered oner with an hoarinefie, as though meale had beene ftrowed vpon them. The flow¬ ers be yellow and fmall, growing thicke togither in a tuft, which turne into little cods, wherein the feede is contained: the roote is fmall,tough and pliant. 4 The fourth kinde of Melilote groweth to the height of three cubites, fet full of leaues like the common Melilote,and of the fame fauour. The flowers grow alongft the top of the ftalks of a white colour, which turne into finall fofthuskes, wherein is contained little blackifh feede : therooteis alio tough and pliant. ie The place. Thefe plants do growe in my garden : the common Englifh Melilote Pena fetteth foorthfor Meiifottu Germanic a (as though it grew not any where elfe) but for certaintie,no part of the world doth enicy fo great plenty thereofas England doth,and efpecially Eftex: for Ihaue feene between Sudburiein Suffolke and Clare in Eftex, and from Clare to Henningham, and from thence to Ouendon, Bnlmare, and Pcdmarfh, very many acres ofearable pafture ouergrowen with the famej infomuchthatit dothnot onelyfpoile their land, but the come alfo, as Cockle or Darnell doth, and as a weede that generally Ipreaderh oner that corner of the (hire. / HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1035 ft The time. Thcfe herbes do flower in Inly and Auguft. it The names. Plaifler Clauer is called by the generall name Mddottu, of fome Trifolium odor yet there is another fwcete TrefoiIe,as hath beene declared. Some call it Trifolium Equinum,and Cabalhnum, or Horfe Trefoile,bv reafon it is good fodder for horfes, who do greedily feede thereon; likewife Tri - foltum Vrfinum, or Beares TrefoiIe,of Fuchjius Saxifraga lutea , and Sertula Camp an a ; of Cato Serfa Campana , which mod do name Corona Regia : in high Dutch $rflQte ^tefBCinitEren t of the Ro- maincs and Hctrufcians Tribo/o,as MathioUtt writeth: inEnglifh Melilot, and Plaifler Clauer: in Yorkfhire Harts Clauer. £ The temperature. Melilote,faith Galen,ha\h more plentie of hot lubftance than cold (that is to fay, hot and driein the fit ft decree) ithathalfo a certaine binding qualitie, befidesawaftingand ripening facultie. D iofeorides the we th, that Melilote is of a binding and mollifying qualitie, but the mollifying qua- litie is not proper vnto it: but in as much as it wafteth away, and digefteth humors gathered in hot fweliings,orotherwife : forfo fardothitmollifieor fupple that thing which is hard, which is not properly called mollifying, but digefting and wafting away by vapors ; which kinde of qualitie the Grecians call J}capop>wxHr ft The 'vertues. Melilote boiled in fweete wine vntill it be fofr,if you adde thereto the yolke of a rofted egge,the A meale of Fenegreekc and Lineleede,the rootes of Marih Mallowes and hogs greace ftamped togi- ther, andvfedasa pultisorcataplafma , plaifterwife, dothaflwage andfoften all manner of fwel- lings,efpecially about the matrix,fundament and genitories,being applied vnto thofe places hot. With the iuice hereof,oyle, waxe, rofine and turpentine, is made a moft foueraigne healing and B drawing emplaiftcr,called Melilote plaifler, retaining both the colour and fauour of the herbe, be¬ ing artificially made by a skilfull Chirurgion. The herbe boiled in wine and drunke prouoketh vrine,breaketh theftone ,and fwageth the pain C of the kidneies,bladder,and belly,and ripeneth flegme, and caufeth it to be eafily caft foorth. The iuice thereof dropped into the eies cleereth the fight, confumeth, diflolueth, andcleaneD taketh away the web,pearle, and Ipot in the eies. Melilote alone with water healeth Reeentes melicerides , a kinde of wens fo called, and alio the E running vlcers of the head,ifit be laid to with chalke, wine and gals. * It likewife mitigateth the paine of the eares, if the iuice be dropped therein mixed with a little E wine, and taketh away the paine of the head, which the Grecians call efpecially if the head be bathed there with, and a little vinegcr and oileof Rofes mixed amongft it. Of^Pulfe. Chup.dfiy. ft 7 he kindes. HP Here be diners fortes of PuUe.as Bcanes,Peafon,Tares,Ciches, and luch like, comprehended vnder this title Pulle : and firft of the great Beane,or garden Beane. ft- The defeription. I r Tp He great Beane rifeth vp with a fewer lquaredftalke,fmoothe, hollowe, without iointes, long and vpright; which when it is thicke fowen, hath no needeof propping, but when it isfowenalone by itlelfe, itfoone falleth downe to the ground: itbnngeth foorthlong leauesone ftanding from another, confifting of many growing vpon one riborftem, eueryone whereof is fomewhat fat,fet with vaines,(lipperie, more long than round. The flowers are eared,in forme long, in colour either white with blackc (pots, or of a blackifh purple: after them come vp long cods,thick,ful offubftance,{lenderer bclow,frized on the infide with a certaine white wooll as it were, or foft flockes; which before they be ripe are greene, and afterwardes being dric, tl:cy are blacke and (omewhat hard,as be alio the cods of Broome, yet be they longer than thofe and grea¬ ter: in which are contained three,fower,or fiue.Beanes,leldome more, long, broad, fat, like almoft to a mans naile, great,and oftentimes of the weight of halfe a dram; for the moft part white, now and io 3 <5 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE and then of a red purplilh colour, which in their vpper part haue a long blacke nauel! as it were, the colour whereofis a white greene; the skin of the fruit of Beane is cloiely compacf edg the inner ' partbeingdrie is hard and found, and eafilycleftin funder, and it hath on the one iideaneuident beginning of fprouting, ashauealfo the little Peafe, great Pcafe 3 Ciches, and many : other Pulfes. The rootes hereof are long, and fattened with many firings.:) * : r •_ - i 2 The focond kinde of Beane( which Pena fetteth foorth vnderthe title, of Sy!ui 0 ii Gr acorum / Faha, and Dodonaw, Phafeolm ma.hr^ which may be called in Engiifh. Greeke Beanes) hath fquare hollow ftalkes like the garden Beanes, butfmaller. The leaues be alfo like .the common ‘ Beane, fauing that the endesoftfcerib, whereon thole leaues dogrowe, haue at the very ends fmalltendrelsorclafpcrs, fuchas the Peafe leaues haue. The flowers areinfafhion like the for¬ mer, but they are of a bright red colour:] which being vaded, there fucceede long cods that are blacke when they be ripe, within which is inclofed blacke feedc as big as a'Peafe, of an vnplea- fanttafteandfauour, ’ , : ;-b : I Faba mat or hortenfis. 2 FabafylueftrU. The great garden Beane. The wilde Beane. The place. The firfl Beane is fowen in fieldes and gardens eucry where. This blacke Beane is fowen in a few mens gardens, who be delighted in varietie and ftudieof herbes: whereof I haue great plenty in my garden. # The time. They flower in April! and May, and that by parcels, and they belong in flowring: thefruiteis sipeinlune andluly. The names. The garden Beane is called in Latincf aba : inEnglilhthe garden Beane: the field Beane is of the fame kinde and name, although the fertilitie of the fbiie hath amended and altered thefruite into a greater forme,. - r - The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1037 The blacke Beane, whofe figure we haue fetfoorth in the fecond place, is call z&Fabafylueflrii, of fome thought to be the true phificall Beane of the ancients, wherupon they haue named it Fab a veterum,and alfo Faba Gracorum, or Grecke Beane. Some would make our garden Beane to be the true Fhafeolm or the kidney Beane, of which number Dcdon&u* is chiefe, who hathfo wrangled and ruffled among his relatiues,that all his antecedents mud be caff out of the doores: for his long ; and tedious tale of a tub, we haue thought meete to commit to obliuion. It is called in'Greeke tthW, wherupon the Athenians feaft daies dedicated to Apollo were named 7 wa.v'i ^&,in which Beanes and pulfes were fodden: in Latine it is alfo called FabafrefafXfratta, broken or bruiled Beane. ii The temperature and vertues ., ,.. v , J TheBeancbcforeitberipe,iscoIdeandmoifl:, being drie it hath power to binde and reilraine, \ according to fome authors; further of the temperature and vertues out of Galen. The Beane(as Galen faith)in his booke of Faculties ofnourifhments,is vvindie meate,although it B be neuer fo much fodden,and drefied any way. Beanes haue hot a clofe and heauie fubftance, but a fpungie and light, and this fubftance hath a Q fcouringor clenfingfacultie; for it is plainly feene, that the meale of Beanes clenfeth awaie the filth of the skin,by reafon of which quality it paffeth not (lowly thorow the belly. And feeing the meale of the Beanes is windic,the Beanes themfelucs if they be boiled hole and D eaten,are yet much more windie. Yet if they be parched they lofe their windines , but they are harder of digeftion, and do flo wlie E defcende,and yeelde vnto the body thickeor grofle nourifhing iuice: but if they be eaten green be¬ fore they be ripe and dried,the fame thing hapneth to them, which is incident to all fruits that are eaten before they be fully ripe; that is to faie, they giue vnto the bodie amoift kindeofnourifh- ment,and therefore a nourifhment more full ofexcrements,not onely in the inner parts, but alfo in the outward, and whole body thorow ; therefore thofc kinds of Beanes do lefie nourifh, but they do more fpeedilypafie thorow the belly, as the laid author in his booke of the Faculties of Simple medicines faith,that the Beane is moderately colde and drie. The pulpe or meate thereof doth fomewhat clenfe, the skin doth a little binde. F Therefore diuers phifitions haue giuen the whole Beane boiled with vineger and water to thofe G that were troubled with the bloodie flixe,with Iaskcs,and vomitings. It raifeth flegme out of the chefl and lungs, being outwardly applied it drieth without hurt the H waterie humors of the gout. We haue oftentimes vied the fame being boiled in water,and fo mixed withfwinesgreafo. We haue laid the meale thereof with OxymeI,or firupe of vineger,both vpon brufed and woun-1 ded finewes, and vpon the wounded partes of fuch as haue beene bitten or ftung, to take away the ficrieheate. Italfo makethagoodplaiftcr and pultis for mens ftones and womens paps: for thefe partes K when they are inflamed, haueneedeof moderate cooling, efpecially when the paps are inflamed thorow the cluttered and congealed milke contained in them. Alfomilkeisdriedvpwiththatpultis. L The meale thereof(as Diofcorides further addeth)being tempered with the meale of Fenugreeke M and Honie,doth take away blacke and blew fpots,which come by dry beatings, 2nd wafleth awaie kernels vnder the cares. WithRofcIeaues,Frankincenfe , and the white of an egge, itkeepeth backe the watering of N the eies; the pin and the web,and hard fwellings. Being tempered with wine, it healeth fuffufions,and firipes of the eies. Q The Beane being chewed without the skin, is applied to the forehead againfl: rheumes andfal- P ling downe of humors. Being boiled in wine,it taketh away the inflammation of the ftones. The skins of Beanes applied to the place where the haires were fiift plucked vp, will not fuffer R them to growe big,but rathertonfumeth their nourifhment. Being applied with Barly meale parched and olde oyle, they vvafte awav the Kings euill, S The deoodlion of them lerueth to die woollen cloth withali. T This Beane being diuided into two parts (the skin taken off) by which it was naturally ioined to- V gichcr, jojS 1 HE SECOND BOOKE OF THE githef, and applied, ftancheth the bloud which doth too much iffite foorth after the bitint* of the horfleaclyfthe one halfe be laid vpon the place. & X The blacke Beane is not vied with vs at all, feeing as we hane faide ,it is rare, and fowen onely in a few mens gardens,who be delighted in varietie and ftudie of herbes. OfI\idney Tjeane. Qhap.^o. & T he kindes. HP He flocke or kinred of the Kidney Beane are woonderFulI many 5 the difference efpecially con- A fifteth in the colour of the fruit: there be other differences, whereof to write particularly, would greatly fluffe our volume with fuperfluous matter, confidering that the fimpleft is able to diftinguifh apart the white Kidney Beane from the blacke, the red from the purple, and likewife thofe of mixt colours from thofe that are onely of one colour • as alfo great ones from little ones. Wherefore it may pleafe you to be content with the defeription of fome few, and the figures of the reft,vvith their feuerall titles in Latine and Englifh,referring their deferiptions vnto a further con- fideration,which other wife would be an endlefle labour,or at the leaft needleffe. I - Thxfeolt'j albm. White Kidney Beane. 2 T hafeolm niper- Blacke Kidney Beane. ^ T he defeription. i Hefirftkindeof or garden Smilax, hath long andfinall branches growing very high, taking hold with hisclafpingtendrels vpon poles and fcickes, and whatfoeuer ftan- deth neere vnto him,as doth the Hop or V»ne 3 which are fo vneake and tender,that without fuch props or fiipporters , they are notable to fuflaine thcmfelucs, but will run ramping on the ground fruitlefic: vpon the branches do growe broad leaues almoft like luie, growing togither by three, as in the common Trefoile or Three leafed graffe: among which come the flowers, that do varic HISTORI.fi OF PLANTS. 10357 varieand differ in their colours, according to the failewhere cheygrowc, fo me times white, feme- rimes rcd,& oftentimes of a pale color: afterwards there come out long codsjwheroffom arc croo¬ ked,and fome arc ftraight,and in thole the fruit is contained Smaller than the common Be£/re,(om- whatflat,andfafhioned like a Kidney, which are of diuers colours like vnto the flowers : whereof for the moft parr,thefe arc white. 2 There is alio another Doltchm or Kidney Beane 3 !efler ,fnorter,& with fmaller cods, whofe flow¬ ers and fruite are like in forme to the former Kidney Beanes, but much idler, and of a blacks colour. it The description. 3 There is likewife a certainc other ffrange Kidney Beane, which doth alfowindeic fclfe about poles and props neereadioining , that hath likewife three leaues hanging vpon one ftem, ashauc the other Kidney Beanes, but euery one is much narrower andalfo blacker; the cods befliorter, plainer and fatter,and conraine fewer feedes. 4 This Kidney Beane differeth nor from the others, but cnely in the colour of the fruit,'which are ofa pale yellow colour,wherein confifteth the difference. 3 SmiUx her ten [is Red Kidney Beane 1040 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 4 ThafaliBrafilwi K.dney Beaneof Brafile. The Brafilc Kidney Beane in his fuUbignes. 7 P hajeolm AEgyptiacm . The party coloured Kidney Beane ofEgyp ti 8 Phafeoli Amerhipurgantes. Purging Kidney Beane of America. 9 Phaftolorum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1041 I phafeolorwn 12 .genera. 12. Sorts ofkidney Beanes. I II 2 Phafeoli BraJilUni 12.genera, i2.Sorts ofkidney Beanes of Braille. i < U ^ The place. Kidney Beanes do eafily and (bone fpringvp, and growe into a very great length; being fowen neerevnto long poles faftned hard by them, or hard by arbors and banquetting places, othervvife itliethflatonthegrounde, it (lowly commethvp, it hardly bringethfoorth finite, ltbecommeth faulcie andfmitted,as 7 heophrajlus writeth. & The time. It is ibwen in the ipring,e(pecially in the midft of Aprill, but not before :the fruite is ripe about the end of ibmmer. # The names. Hippocrates ^Diodes, Theophraflus, and moil of the other old writers do call it Jb'ri^v : diners of the bignes ofthe feedes do name it and : in La tine Siliqua ’• Diofcor ides calleth it Smilax, bi- caufe it climeth vp as Smilax doth,and taketh holdeofprops,ftaics,and fhrubes (landing neere vn- to it: other name it <?*cno\ov, aDiminitiue deriued from?<*Wo? ; for?*Wo« andp«ffso*o*>arenotonc&: the ielfe fame pulfe called by diuers names as ibmc fuppofe , but fundry fruites one differing from the other,as Galen in his firft book of the Faculties of nourifhments doth fufficiently declare ,where he intreateth of them both.For firft he difputeth of Phafeli and Ochrt, Beanes, and Peale; then after¬ wards others commingbetweene,he writeth of Dolichus, which alfois named Phafeoltu: and though he may be thought to doubt whatmaner of pulie that is which 7 heophrajlus calleth Doltcbr# , not- withftandinghegatherethandconcludeththatitis a fruite of a garden plant in Italic , and in Ca- tia,growing in the fieldes,which is in forme longer then the Cichlings, and was commonly called in his time Fajeolus. Of his opinion is Paulm <_AEgineta, writing of P hafeltts, which he nameth Bo- lichus; in the y^.chapter of his firft booke. Moreouer Fafelws was in times paft a common pulfe in Laly and Rome,and Bolichus a ftraoge pulfe,for Columella and Palladia writers of husbandry, haue made mention of thefowingof FaJelus - 3 and Virgill calleth it ytlii in the firft of his Georgicbes : "" “ Vvv x but 1042 THE SECOND BoOKE OF THE but concerning the (owing of Doltchut or Kidney Beane, none of the Latines haue written, by rea- ion that the fame was rare in Italic , and lowen onely in gardens, as Ga/emhath affirmed, naming it oftentimes a garden plant,and fhewing that the fame ,as we haue faide,is fowen in Caria; and like- wife Diofcorides nameth it cr^W; numla, that is to fay ^SmUxhortezfis] or garden Smilax, bicaufe it groweth in gardens,who alfo writing of this in another feuerall Chapter, fhevveth plainly that Smi¬ lax hortsnfispi Dolichm is another plant differing from Fafelm^hich he nameth Fhajhlus. For which carries it is not to be doubted, but that Fajelm with three fyllables, differeth from Fa- feolui with fower fyllables,no otherwife than Cicer.Cicercula, and Cicero, differ, which notwithftan- dingbe neere @ne to another in names: and it is not to be doubted but that they are deceiued, who thinke it to be one and the felfefame Pulfe called by fundry names. This plant is named in Englifh Kidney Beane,Sperage Bcanes,offome FafelIes,or long Peafon, French Beanes, garden Smilax, and Rornane Beanes : in French Feues de Romme : in Dutch Curcfesfiooneit* # The temperature. Kidney Beanes,as Hippocrates teacheth, do mote loofe the belly thanPeafon; they are lefie win. die,and nourifh well, andnolefte thanPeafon, as Diccles faith : they be alfo without ingendring windinefTe at all.The Arabian Phifitions fay that they are hot and moift of nature. & The vertues. A The fruit and cods of Kidney Beanes boyled togither before they be ripe, and buttered, and fo eaten with their cods, are exceeding delicate meate, and do not ingendei winde as the other Pulfes doe. B They do alfo gently loofe the belly, prouoke vrine, and ingender good blood reafon ably well; but if you eate them when they be ripe, they are neither toothfbme nor whoifbme. Therefore they are to be taken whileft they are yet grecneand tender, which are firft boyled vntill they he tender; then is the rib or fine w that doth run alongft the cod to be taken away: then muff they be put into a ftone pipkin,or fome other veffell with butter, andfetto thefireagaineto flew,or boyle gently: which mcate is very vvhoifomCjnouriihing^nd of a pleafant tafle. Of theflat c Bcane called Lupine . Chap. ^91* iklhekittdeso T Here be diners fortes of Lupines, feme of the garden, and others wild; fomc white, others blacke, and alfo of mixt colours. « * ^ Thedefcription. 2 'T* He tame or garden Lupine hath round hard ftems, which of themfelues do ft and vpright | without any fuccour,belpe or ftaie: the leaues confift offiue,fixe,or feuen ioined togither, hkethofeof the Chafttree, greeneon the vpper fide, and on the neather fide white ami downie;andin theeuening about the fetting of the funne they hang flagging downwardes as though they were withered : among thefe there commeth vpatuft of flowers of a pale colour, which turne into great rough cods, wherein is the fruite, which is flat and round like a cake, of a white colour, and bitter in tafle: and where they cleaue vhto the cod, in that part they haue a ccr- taine dent like a little nauell. This Lupine hath but one roote, which is {lender and woodic,hai:ing hanging on it a few fmall threds like haires. *• 2 The yellow Lupine is like to the garden one in ftalke and leaues, yet both of thefe lefter and fliorter. It hath beautifull flowers of an exceeding faire golde yellow colour, fweetc of ftncll,madc vpintoaneareof the colour of the yellow Violet, andfomewhat of thefmell: the cods are final!, hard,fomewhat hairie: thefeedes be little,flat,round, in tafte extreme bitter,of fundriecolours,id fauoured,far lefter than the tame one. 3 The blew Lupines are longer than the yellow, and diuided into more wings and branches: the leaues be lefter and thinner:the flowers fmall,and lefter than the yellow,ofa blew colour: the feeds be alfo of diuers colours,bitter,and lefter than any of them all. 1 Lupin tu HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i°45 1 Lupinm fat tutu. Garden Lupines. 3 Lupinmflore czruleo. Blew Lupines. 2 Lupinm fioreluteo. Yellow Lupines. & T he place and time. They require, faith T'heophraHm, a Tandy and badfbyle: they hardly come vpin tilled places, be» ingof their owne nature wiide. They gro we in my garden, and in other mens gardens about London. They are planted in Aprill, and bring foorththeir fruire at two or three fundrie times,as though it did flower often,and bring foorth many crops, the ftrft in May, thefecond in Iuly, the lad in September, but itieldome commerh to ripenes. "The names. This Pulfe is named in Greeke • in La- tine Lupinm, and Lupinm fat mm : in high Dutch jftlghcncn t in Italian Lupmo domeftzco: in Spanifh Entramocos : in the Brabanders language c!l liOMClband LtiptUOU in French Luptns:\n Englilli GardenLupine,tame Lupine,and of fome after the Germain name Figbeane. •k T he temperature and vertnes. The feede of the garden Lupine is TW^^that is to fay, much and often vfed, as Galen faith in his books of the faculties ofnourifhmets: for the fame being boiled and afterwards fteeped in faire water, vntil fuch time as it doth altogitner lofe his natural bitterncsla ftIv being feafoned with a reafonable quantilieoffalt, itis eaten with pickle.The Lupine isofan hard and earthy fubftance, wherefore it is Yvv z neceftarily % * eo44 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE neceffarily of hard digeftion, and containeth in it a thickeiuice, of which being not perfectly con- coded in the vaines,is ingendred a blond or iuice which is properly called crude,or rawe: but when ithath loft allhisbitternes by preparing or duelling ofit(as aforefaide) itislike rfis Smiote, that is to fay,to fuch things as are without relifh,which is perceiued by the. tafte; and being fo prepared, it is as Galen writeth in his bookes of the faculties of Simple medicines, one of the emplaftickes or clammers. g Butwhileftthenaturallbitternesdothasyetremaine, it hath power to clenfe, and to confume orwafte away jitkilleth wormes in the belly, being both applied in maner of an ointment and gi- uen with hony to liclce on,and alfo drunke with water and vineger. £ Moreouer,the decodion thereof inwardly taken,voideth the worms; and likewife if it be fundry ' times outwardly vfed as a bath,it is a remedy againft the morphewe, fore heads, the ftnall pockes wildefcabs,gangrenes,venemousvlcers, partly by clenfing, and partly by confirming and drying without biting;being taken with Rcwe and Pepper,that it may be the pleafanter, it fcoureth the li¬ ner and milt. D It bringeth downe the menfes, and expelleth the dead childe if it be laide to with myrrh & hony. E Moreouer,the meale of Lupines doth wafte or confume away without any biting qualitie, for it doth not onely take away blacke and blue fpots that come of dry beatings,but alfo it cureth cheer a- ^U*,and Phymata :but then it is to be boiled either in vineger, or oxymell, or elfe in water and vine¬ ger,and that according to the temperature of the greened parties, and the diuerfitiesofthedifea- fes, Quod ex vfu eft ehgendo ; and it alfo taketh away blew markes,and what thing foeuer elfe we faide that the deco&ion could do,all the lame doth the meale likewife performe. p Thefe Lupines as Diofcorides doth furthermore write,being boiled in raine water till they yeelde a certaine creame,are good to clenfe and beautifie the face. q They cure the fcabs in fheepe with the roote of blacke Chameleon Thiftle, if they be wafhed with the warme deco&ion. jq The roote boiled with water and drunke,prouoketh vrine. I The Lupines being made fweete and pleafant,T riticimaceto, and drunke,take away the Iothfoin- nes of the ftomacke,and caufe a good appetite tomeate. Lupines boiled in that ftrong leigh which Barbars do vfe and fome Wormwood, Centorie, and baie fait added thereto, ftaieth the running and fpreading of Gangranaand. thole parts that are de- priued of their nourifhment and begin to mortifie, and ftaieth the ambulatiue nature of tunning and fpreading vlcers,being applied thereto very hot,with ftuphes of cloth or towe. OfTeafon . Chap. ^9z* iiThe kindes. *T Here be diuers forts of Peafon,differing very notably in many refpe<fts,fome ofthe garden,and -*• others of the fielde,and yet both counted tame; fome with tough skins or membranes in the cods,and others haue none at all, whofe cods are to be eaten with the Peafe when they be yoong,as thole of the yoong kidney Beane,others carying their fruit in the tops of the branches,are efteemed and taken for Scottifh Peafon, which is not very common. There be diuers forts growing wilde, as fhall be declared. •k The defeription. 1 ’ EM |T sf He great Peafe hath long ftalkes, hollow, brickie, ofawhitifh green colour, branched, & i fpreade vpon the ground, vnlefte they be held vp with props let neere vnto them: the leafe thereof is wide and long, made vp of many little leaues which be flnooth, white, growing vpon one little ftalke or ftem, and fet one right againft another: it hath alfo in the vpper part long clafpingtendrels, wherewith it .foldeth it felfe vpon props and ftaies ftandingnext vnto it; the ftowre is white and hath about the middle of it a purple fpot: the cods be long, round Cilinhrifor¬ ma ; in which are contained feedes greater then Ochri or little Peafon; which being drie are corne- red,and th'atvnequall,oFcolourfomtimes white and fometimes gray: therootes are fmall. 2 The fielde Peafe is fo very wel^knowne to all, that it were a needleffe labour to fpende time about the defeription, I Pifm HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Z Pifummaim. 2 Pi fun? minus. Rovvnciuall Peafe. Garden and field Peafe. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE S04 6 *& The defer ip ion. 3 Tufted Peafe are like vnto thofe of the fielde, or of the garden, in each refped; the difference conftfteth onely in that,that this plant carieth his flowers and fruit in the tops of the branches in a round tuft or vmble, contrary to all other of his kinde,which bring foorth their fruit in the middeft and afongft the (talks: the roote is thicke and fibrous. 4 Peafe without skins in the cods, differ not from the precedent, failing that the cods heereof want that tough skinny membrane in the fame,which the hogs cannot eate by reafon of the tou^h- neflejwhereas the other may be eaten cods and all the reft,euen as kidney beanes are, which bemg fo drefled,are exceeding delicate meate. 5 ^ifffflueftrc. $ Pifimperennefyluefire. Euerlailing wilde Peafe. •klhe defertytion. 5 The wildc Peafe differeth not from the common fielde Peafe in ffalk and Ieaucs,failing that this wilde kinde is lomewhat Jefler: the flowers are of a yellow colour,and the fruit is much lefler. 6 The Peafe whole rootes neuerdie,difFereth not from the wildPeafe,onely his continuing with' out lowing,being once lowen or planted,fetteth foorth the difference. 'kThepltice. Peafe are fet and fovven in gardens,as alio in the fields in all places of England. The tufted Peafe are in reafonuble plenty in the well: part of Kent,about Sennock or Seuenoke, in other places not lb common. The wilde Peafe do growe in paftures andearable fieldes in diuers places, elpecially about the fieldes belonging vnto BifhopsHatfielde,in Hartfordiliire. '& The time. They be fowen in the fpring time,!ike as be alio other pulfes,which are ripe in fommer: they prof per bell in warme weather,and eafily take harme by colde,efpccially when they flower. ‘ # Tht HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1047 ieThe names. The great Peafe is called in Latine Pifum Rornanutn, or Pifum maim: in Englifh Romanc Peafe, or the greater Peafe,alfb garden Peafe; of fome Branch Peafe,French Peafe,and Rounfiuals. Theo - phriHm and other old writers do call it in Grceke rhaw : in Latine alfb Pifum: in lowe Dutch HOOHP enntcn X in French des Peis. I he little Peale is called of the Apothecaries euery where Pifum, and Pifum minus: it is called in Englifh little Peafe.or tlie common Peafe. # The tempera tnre and vet tues . The Peafe, as Hippocrates faith, is JefTewindiethan Beanes, butitpafleih fooner through the belly. Gaicn writerh, that Peafon arein their whole fubdance like vnto Beanes, and be eaten after the fame manner that Beanes are 3 notvvithfl:anding they direr from them in thefe two things,both bicaufe they arc not fb windie as be the Beanes, and alfo for that they haue not a clenhng facultie, and therefore they do more (lowly defeend through the belly. They haue no effedtuall qualiric ma- nifeft, and are in arneane betweenc thofe things which are of good and bad iuice, thatnourifh much and little.that be windie and without winde, as Galen in his bookc of the faculties of nourifh- ments hath written of thefe and of Beanes. Of the tame or garden Cicbe. Chag.yyy Ciceyfatiuum. Garden Ciche, # Thedeferrption. Arden Cichebringeth foorth round (hikes., branchedand fomething hairie, leaning on the one fide : the ieaties arc made of many little ones growing vpon one Rem or rib, and (ec one right againft another; of which euery one is fmal! 3 broad,and nicked in the edgeSjleffer than the Icaucs ofwi’de Germande r . The flowers be fma!I 3 of colour either white, or of a reddifh purple: after which come vp little fhort cods, puffed vp as it were with winde like little bladders, in which do lie two Or at the mod three (cedes,cornered, (mall to¬ wards the end, with one fharpe corner, not much vnlike to a Rams head, of colour either white, or of a reddifh blacke purple, in which is plainly feene the place where they begin firft to (prowt.The root is (len< 3 er,white and long.For as Theophraflus faith, the Ciche taketh deeped roote of all the Pulfes. The place. It is fowen in Italic, SpaineandFraunce, euery where in the fields. It is fovven in our London gar- dens,but not common, ie The time. It is fowen in April], being fird deeped in water a day before: the fruite is ripe in Auguft. •fy The names. It is called in Greek in Latin Cicer ari « etinum, or Rams Ciches,and of the blackifh purple colour, Cicer nigrum, or blacke Ciche: and the other is named Candtdttm r uel album Cicer , or white Ciche: in Englifh common Ciche or Ciches.red Ciche.offome bheepcs Ciche Peafe, or Sheepes Ciche Peafon. / ■ V A .P 4., ^ 1 ,> x ■*>*- A - - & The temperature and verities. This Ciche,as Galen writerh in hisbookeof the faculties ofnourifhments,is no leffe windie than A the true Beane, but it yecldeth a drunger nourifnment than that doth: it prouoketh lud, and it is thought to ingender feedc. y ' .? Vvv 4 Some !0 4 B the second booke of the C Some glue the fame to Ihlion hor r es.Moreouer,Ciches do (cower more than do the true leanest in(o much as certaineof them do manifeftly diminifh orwafteaway the (tones in the kidneies; thofebe the blacke and little Ciches called K-Anetrna, or Rams Ciches, but it is better to drinke the broth of them fodden in water. D Both the Rams Ciches, as Diofcorides faith, the white and the blacks prouoke vrine, ifthedeco- 1 dfion thereof be made with Rofematie, and giuen to thoie that haue either the dropfie or yellowe f iaundifeibut they are hurtfull to the bladder and kidneies that haue vlcers in them. ! " ■ v, ■' Oj wilde Ciches. Qhap >c\.0A f . The kindes. T Hc wildeCich is like to the tame faith D to forties, butitdifferethinfeede: the later writers haue fet downe fundry kindes of Ciches,as (hall be declared. i Cicer fyluejlre . The wilde Ciche. 2 Cicer fyluejlre Utifoltm. Broad leafed wilde Cich. 'k ’The defer ft ion. i fir Pc wilde Cich bringeth foorth a great numberof fialkes branched, lying flat on the 1 ground: about which be the leaues, .confiding of many vpon-one rib as do thole of the gar¬ den Cich,but not nicked in the edges,mofc like to the leaues of Axcich : the flowers come foorth faftned on (mall fiems,which grow clofe to the ftalkes,ofa pale yellow colour, and like vmo eares: in their places con e vp little cods, infbm;e and bighes oi thehnit of garden Ciches, black and Pom thing hairie,in which iieth'the, feede, that is (mail,hard,flat,and glitteringjin tafte like that of Kidney Beane: the roots groweth deepe/afined with many firings. a There HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1049 2 There is another kind of wild Cich that hath alfo a great number offt dks lying vpon the ground., about which ftande foft leaues/omthing hairy and white,confiding of three broad leaues (binding ^ vpon a middle rib,the lead: of which ftande neereft to the ftem,and the greateft at the very top : the flowers come foorth at the bottome of the leaues many togither, of colour ycllowc; after which grow fmall long husks/oft and hairie, in euery one whereof is a little cod, in which lie two ieedes like little Cichlings. ; * The place. Thefe are foweri in the parts beyond the feas for to feede their cattle with in winter 3 as we do tares, vetches,and fuch other bale ptilfe. The time. The time anfwereth the fetch or tare. The names. The wilde Cich hath no other name in Latine bur Ckcr fyluejlre: the later writers haue not i found any name at all. •fr The temperatureanA vertues. Their temperature and vertues are referred to the garden Cich, as Thsophrafim sfnrmes,and A, Galen faith, that the wilde Cich is in all things like vnto that pf the garden, but in Phificks vie more cffedualljby reafon it is more hotter and drier,and alio morebiting.and bitter. Of Lentils, (fhap.^j'p. . 1 Jjns maior. 2 Lens minor. Great Lentils. cio: ^ & 7 he de Script km. u firft Lentile groweth vp with flender ftalkes, and leaues which be fomewhat harde r growing aflop.e from both lides of the tib or middle ftalke,narrow and many in number like thole of fares, but narrower, andlefter; the flowers be fmall tending fomewhat towards a purple. 2050 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE purple,the cods are little and broad ; the feedes in thefe are in number three or fower, little , round plaine,and flat: the rootes are Jinan and threddie. 5 The fecond kinde of Lem or Lendll,hath fmall,tender,and pliantbranches a cubite high; where¬ on do grow leaues 5 diuided or confiding of fundry other fmallleaues like the wilde Fetch,endingat the middle rib,with fome clafping tendrels, wherewith ittaketh holde of fuch things as are neere vnro ir: among thefe come foerth little brownifh flowers mixed with white, which turns into frnal flat cods,ccntaining little browne flat feed,and fomtimes white. The place. Thefe pulfes do grow in my garden,& it is reported vnto me by thofe of good credite,that about Watford in Middlefex and other places of England, the husbandmen do iowe them for their cat¬ tlemen as others do Tares. # The time. They both flower and waxe ripe in Iuly and Auguft. hen Ames. They are called in Greekc?®^?, or in Latine Lews and Lenticuh: in high Dutch iSUnfCtt ♦ in Trench Lent:He'- in Italian Lcnticha: in Spanifh Lcnteia: in Englifh Lentils. The temperatureandvertues. A Lentiles as Galen faith,are in a meane betweene hot and coide, yet are they dry in thefeconde degree; their skinne is aftringent or binding , and themeateor fubftance within is of athickeand earthy juice, hailing a qualitie that is a little an Acre or fomt’ning harfii 3 much more the skin therof; but the iuice in them is quite contrarie to the binding qualitie , wherefore ifa man fhall boiie them in faire water, and afterwards feafon the water with fait and pickle 3 autcumipjisoleocondtens , and then take it,the fame drinke doth loofc the belly. B Tlie firft deception of Lentils doth loofc the belly: but if they be boiled againe, and the firft de- . co&ioncaft away,then do they binde,and are good againfl thebloudie flixe,or dangerous laskes. C They do their operation more effectually in flopping and binding,if all or any of thefe following be boiled therewith,that is tofay,redBeetes,MyrtiIs, Pils of Pomegranates, dried Rofes,Mcdiars, Scruicebcrrics,vnripe Peares,Quinces, Piantaine leaucs, Gals 3 or rhe berries of Sumach. E The meale ofLentiles mixed with home, doth mundifie and clenle corrupt vlcers and rotten fores jhlling them with flefh againe,and is rr oft fmgiilar to be put into the common digeftiues vfed among oui London Chirurgians for greene wounds. T The Lcntile hauing the skm or coate taken off, as it lofeth that ftrong binding qualitie, and thofe accidents that depend on the fame; fo doth it more nourifh, then if it had the skin on. G It ingendreth thicke ar.d naughtie mice,and flowly paflcth thorow the belly; yet doth it not flay thcloofenes, as that doth which hath his coate on: and therefore they that vfe to cate too much thereof 3 do neceffarily become lepers, and be much fubiedt to cankers, for thicke and dry nourifh- ments are apt to breed melancholic. H Therefore the Lentill is good foodc for them that thorow waterifh humours be apt fo fall into the dropfte,and it is a moft dangerous foode for dry and withered bodies; for which caufe it bring- eth dimnes of fight,though the fight be perfect,thorow hisexcefliue drines, whereby thefpiritsof the fight be wafted; but it is good for them that are of a quite con trary conftitution. I It is good for thofe that want their termcs,for it breedeth thicke blond, and fuch as very flowHc pafTeth thorow the vaines. /' _ v - K But it is Angular good to flay the menies 3 as Galen in his booke of the faculties ofNourifhments affirmed], L It caufeth troublefome dreams (as Diojcortdes doth moreoiier write)it hurteth the head, finewes and lungs. M It is good to fwallow dewne 30. graines of Lentils fhellcd or taken from their husks againfl the ouercaftingoftheftom&cke. N Being boiled with parched Barlymea!c,andlaide to, fwageth the paine and ach of the gout. O With hony it ftlleth vp hollow iorcs,it breaketh afehares, clenfeth vlcers: being boiled in wine, it wafterh away wens,and hard fwellings of the throte. P With a Quince and Melilotc,andoile ofRofes,it helpeth the inflammations of the eies and fun¬ dament: but in greater inflammations of the fundament,and great deepe vlccrs,itis boiled with the i'inde of a Pomgranate 3 dric Rofe Icaues and honie. r " And HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ic 5 i And after the fame maner againft eating fores that are mortified, if fea water be added; it is alfo Q a remedy againftpufhes,thefbingles, and the hot inflammation called Saint Anthonies fire and for kibes, in fuch maner as vve haue written 2 being boiled in fea water and applied, it helpeth wo¬ mens brefts in which the milke is cluttercd,and cannot fuffer too gteat abundance of milke. Of Cich , or true Or ohm. Qoap.\^6. Or oh us receptm Herbariorum » The true Orobus. it The defeript ion. T He pulfe which of moft Herbarifis is taken for the true Orobus , and calledoffome bit¬ ter Fitch, is one of the pulfes whole tender branches traile vpon the ground, as 'Theophafus faith, and whofe long tender branches Ipread far abroad,whereon do grow leaues like thofe of the field vetch:among which grow w hire flowerSjaf- ter which come long cods, that appeere bun¬ ched on the outfide againft the place where the ieedes do lie : which are fmall,round,ruftet of co¬ lour. and of a bitter tafte.- the roots is fmall and fingle. # 7 he place. It profpereth beft in a leane foile, according to Columella: it groweth in woods and copies; it gro^ weth alfo in my garden. it The time. Thisisfowen earely and late,but if it be fb wen in the fpring it cafily commeth vp, and is plea- fant; and vnpleafant ifitbefowen inthefall of theleafe. it The names. This is called in Greekc ‘ the fhops of Germanie haue kept the name Orobus , and not knowing the thing,they hauemiftaken it in ftee d of Vicia y or the common Vetch: in EnglifTi it is called bitterVetch, orbitterFitch,and Orobus, after the Latine; offome Ers after the French name. it The temperature and vertues. Men, as Galen in his firft booke of the Faculties of nourifhm.ents faith, doe altogether abftaine A frombitterVetch,forithatha very vnpleafant tafte, andnaughtieiuice; butKinein Afia, and in moftofother countries do eate thereof being made fweete with water: notwiihftanding men be¬ ing compelled through necelfitie of great famine, as Hippocrates alfo hath written, doe of tentimes feede of it,and we alfo dreffing them after the maner of Lupines, vfe the bitter Vetches with home, as a medicine that purgeth thicke and grofte humours out of the cheft and lungs. Moreouer among the bitter Vetches, the white are not fo mcdicinable, but thofe which come B neeretoayellow,ortothecolourof Ochar, and thofe that haue beenetwife boiled, andfundrie times foked in water lofe their bitter and vnpleafant tafte, and withall their clenfing and cutting facultie,fo that there is onely left in them an earthie fubftance,which feructh for nourifhment,thac drieth without any manifeft bitternes. And in his booke of the faculties of Simple medicines he faith, that bitterVetch is dry in the la- q ter end of the fecond degree,and hot in the firft 5 moreouer by how much it is bitter, by io much it cuttech,clenfeth,and taketh away ftoppings, but if it be ouermuch vfed it bringeth foorth bloud by vrine. H/ofcoridis io5^ THE SECOND EOOKE OF THE D Diofcorides writeth,that bitter Vetch caufeth headach,and heauie dulnefle: that it troubleth th^ belly,and draweth foorth blond by vrine, notwithflanding being boiled itleruethto fatten Kine with. E There is made of the leedes a meale fit to be vied in medicine. It is made after this maner • the full and white graines are chofen out, and being mixed togiiher they are fleeped in water, and fuf. feredtolietilltheybeplumpe, afterwardstheyareparchedtilltheskin be broken, then are they ground,and fearced or fhaked thorowamealefieue,and the meale referued. « F This loofeth the belly,prouoketh vrine, maketh one well coloured: being ouermuch eaten or ' drunke,it draweth blond by the floole w ith gripings,and alfo by vrine. Q Withhony it clenfeth vlcers,taketh away freckles, funne-burnes,blackefpots in the skin called 5 ‘rn’Ao/, and maketh the whole body faire and cleane. H It flaieth running vlcers,or hard|fwellings,and gangrenes, or mortified vlcers , it foftneth the hardnes of womens brells,it taketh away and breaketh wilde vlcers,called carbuncles, fores of the headjbeing tempered with wine and applied,it healeth the bitings of dogs,and al other venemous beafts. I With vineger it is good againfl theftrangury,and mitigateth paine that commeth thereof. K It is good for them that are not nourifhed after their meate,being parched and taken with hony in the quantity of a nut. E The decodion of the fame helpeth the itch of the whole body, and taketh away kibes if they be waffled or bathed therewith. M Cicer boiled in fountaine water, with fome Orobus , doth affwage the fwelling of the yarde and priuie parts of man or woman, if they be waflhed or bathed in the decodion thereof, and the fub« fiance heerofmay alfo be applied plaiflerwife. N E is f° r bathing and wathing ofvlcers,and running fores,and is applied vnto the feurfe of the head with great profits. I Vic in. Tare, Vetch ,or Fetch. 2 Vicia jylueftris. Strangle Tare,Tine,or wild Fetch. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I0 5s \ ft The defeription. 1 He Vetch hath {lender and fower fquared ftalkes, almoft three foote long: the leaues be I long,with clafping tendrels at the end, made vp of many little leaues growing vpon one rib or middle Item; euery one whereof is greater, broader and thicker, then that of the Lentile: the flowers are like to the flowers of the garden Beane, but of a blacke purple colour; the cods be broad, fmall,and in euery one are contained hue or fixe graines, not round, but flat like thofe of the Lentill, of colour blacke, and ofanvnpleafant tafte. 2 Strangle Tare, called in fome countries Tine, and of others wilde Vetch, is a ramping herbe like vnto the common Tare, ramping and climing among corne where it chanceth, that it pluc- keth it downeto the ground, and ouergroweth the fame in fuch fort, that it fpoileth and killeth not onely VVheate,but all other graine whatfoeuer: the herbe is better knowne then defired,therefore thefc fewe lines may feme for the defeription. ft The place. The Tare is fo wen in any ground or {bile whatfoeuer. ft The time. It flowreth in May,and perfeð his feede toward September, ft The names. It is called in Latin Victa,aVinciendo y of binding or wrapping,as r*mnoteth,bicaufe(faith he) it hath likewife clafping tendrels,fuch as the Vine hath,by which it crawleth vpward vpon the ftalkes of the weedes that are next vnto it; of fome Cracca , and Urachus, and alfo ^Aphaca ; it is called in high Dutch OTl'Cfcflt-' in low Dutch (Uttfflt t in French re fie : inmoft {hops it is falfely termed cpfaf, and Eruum, for Eruum doth much differ from Victa: it is called in Englifh Vetch or Fetch. The countrey men lay vp this Vetch with the feedes and whole plant, that it may be a fodder for their cattle. ft The temperature and vertues . Notwithftanding I haue knowne, faith Galen , fome that intimeoffaminehauefedheereofjA efpecially in the fpring,when as it is as yet but greene, but it is harde of digeftion, and bindeth the belly. Therefore feeing it is of this kinde of nature, it is manifeft that the nourifhment which com- B meth thereof, hath in it no good iuice at all , butingendrethathickebloud, and apt to become melancholic. Of yellow wilde Fetch fr Tare euerla/ling . Chap. 4 . 98 . ft The defeription. I *' I Here is a pulfe growing in our high and thick woods,hauing a very thick,tough.and woody I roote: from which rife vp diuers long, weake and feeble branches, confifting of a tough middle rib, edged on both fides with a thinne skinnie membrane, fmooth and of a grafle greene colour;whereon doe grow at certaine diflances, {mall flat ftems, vpon which ftande two broad leaues ioined togithcr at the bottome:from betwixt thofe leaues come foorth tough clafping tendrels,which take holde of fuch things as grow next vnto it: from the bofome of the ftem where¬ on the leaues doe growe , fhooteth foorth a naked fmootfyfooteftalke, on which doe growemoft beautifull flowers like thole of the Peale,the middle part whereof is of a bright red, tending to red Purple in graine; the outward leaues fomwhatlighter inclining to a blufh color,which being paft, there fucceede long round cods, wherein is conteined feede of the bignes of Tares, but rounder, blackifh without,and yellowifh within,and of a bitter tafte. Of which kinde we haue likewife another in our woods, like vnto the precedent in each refpedf, 1 fauing that the leaues heerof are narrower and longer, and therefore called of moft, which fee foorth the de{cription,£,^r^r«f Anguf folia. 2 The 1054 THE SECOND BOOKE OF: THE 2 The yellow wilde Tare or Fetch,hath diners very fmall ramping ftalkes,tough,and leaning this way and that way ,not able to ftande of it felfe without the helpe of props, or things that ftande by j it: theleaues are very thin,&fharpe pointed: the flowers groweamongft the leaues, in fafhion of the Peafe flowers, of a bright yellow colour: the rootes are very fmall, long, tough, and in number infinite,infomuch that it is impoflible to roote it foorth,being once gotten into any ground, vnlefle the earth be digged vp with the rootes,and both caft into the riuer, or burned: doubtleffe it is the mod pernicious and harmfull weede of all others,vn to all maner of graine, holfome herbes,or any woode whatfoeuer. ft The place. The firft doth grow in fhadowie woods, and among bullies: there grcweth great ftore thereof in Swanefcombe woode,a mile and a halfe from Greene-Hithe in Kent, as you go to a village there¬ by called Betfome 5 and in diuers other places. The other groweth in moft graflie paflures, borders of fieldes, and among graine almoft euerie where. ft The time. The time anfwereth the other Pulfes. ft The names* The firjffc is called Lathyrtu, to make a difference betweene it, and Lathyris, or Spurge: of Mathio - lm Clymentm ;of Corpus Eruumfathmm j of Tragus P/fum Gracontm: in English Peafe euerlafting, great wilde Tare, and Cichling, The other is called Lsfracusj offorne Cicera: in Italian /^c/^.-inEngliili yellow wilde Fetch,and Cichling. ft The temperature an d ‘vcrtues. The temperature and vcrtues are referred to the manured Tare or Vetch 5 notwithftanding they are not vied for meate or medicine. ’ ' 1 ' • • ~ L ii Of the Ojlie Tulfe called Sefamum. Chap.^yy. Sefammnfue Sijamum. The oilie graine. ft The hefcription ■ S Efimum hath a thicke and fat vpright ftalk, acubiteandahalfe high, garniffled with ■- leaues much like the Peach or Almond, or rather in mine opinion, more like theleaues of Bafiil: among thefe leaues come foorth fmall red flowers, which turne into rounde,long, and crefted cods,containing white fat oileous feedc *. Theophraflm affirmeth,that there is a kind there¬ of which is white, bearing onely one roote; no kinde of beaft will eate this plant when it is greene,bicaufe of his bitternes,but being withe¬ red and dried,the feed therof becommeth fweet, and the cattle will feede on the whole plant. ft The place. It groweth both in Egypt and in India, Sefa- ma faith Plinie , came from the Indiesjthey make an oile of it,and is a ftranger in England. ft The time. It is one of the fornmer graines, and is fbwen before the riling of thefeauen ftars, as Plinie writeth j yet Columella faith, that Sefamum feedes muft be fbwen after Autumne AEquinobtiall, againft the Ides of Odober: they require for the moft part a rotten foile, which the husbandmen of Campania do call ablackemoulde. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1055 k The names. The Grsecians call this grainc^^*': the Latines alfo and often in the Fceminine gender Sefami: we are contained for want of an Englifh name to vfe theLatinc: it is vnknowne to thcApothecaries,efpecialIy the plant it felfe ;but the feede and oile thereof is to be found among them: we may call it Turkie Millet. 7 he temperature and vertnes. According to fome it is hot and dry in the firft degree: the feed thereof as Galen faith, is fat, and ^ therefore being laid vp it commcth to be oilie very quickly;wherefore it foeedily filleth and ftuffeth vp thofe that feede thereof,and ouerthroweth the ftomacke,and is flowe ofdigeftion,and'yccldeth to the body a fat nourifhment: therefore it is manifeft, that it cannot ftrengthen the ftomacke , or any part thereof,as alfo no other kinde of fat thing : and the iuicc thatcomrneth thereofis tHicke, : and therefore itcannot fpeedilypafle thorow the veincs; men do not greatly feede of it alone, but ! make cakes thereof with hony,which they call mcmutJeufi it is alio mixed with bread, and is of an hot temDeraturc,for which caufeitprocincththirft: and in his before ofthe faculties of Simple medi¬ cines he faith yhzt Sefamum is not a little c’ammie and fat, and therefore it isanemplaftick, and a foftner,and is moderately hot: the oile which commeth thereofis of like teniperature,ancl fo is the dccodticn of the herbe alfo. Dio [cor ides writeth,that Sefamum is an enimie to the ftomacke,Uj caufeth a (linking breath if it re- g maine (linking betweene the teeth after it is chewed. It wafteth away the groflenes of the (inewes,it is a remedy againft brufings of the eares, indam- q mations,burnings, and fealdings, pain.es of the joints,& biting oi the poifonfom horned feipent cal¬ led Ceraftes: being mixed with oile of Roles it taketh away the headach,which commeth of heat. Of the fame force is the herbe boiled in wine’, but it is especially good for the heat and paine of theeies. Of the herbe is made an oile vfed of the Egyptians,which as Pliny faith,is profitable for the cares. £ It is a remedie againft the founding or ringing in the eares. £ Of hatchet Fetch . fhap.joo. kl hekindes. There be diuers forts of hatchet Fetches,called by the name Hedyfarum,% s (hall be (hewed. k The description. 1 r T" 1 He firft kinde of hatchet Fetch , hath many fmall branches trailing heere and there vpon the ground: vpon which grow (mall ieaues,fpred abroad like the Ieaues of the wilde Vetch: among which comefoorth clufters of frnall yellow flowers, which fade away,and rurne in¬ to little, flat, thin,and broivnecods,wherein is conteined fmallreddifh (eedeofa bitter tafre. 2 The fecond kinde of hatchet Fetch,hath many round, tough,and fiixibie branches,trailing vp¬ on the ground: wherupon do grow Icaues like the former,but more like the Ieaues of Liquorice, and hauing the tafte of the Liquorice rootc, which hath giucnoccafion to fome todeemc it a kinde of Liquorice: among thefe Icaues come foorth pale yellowe flowers, after which there fucceede fmall crooked cods (which the grauer hath omitted)turning their points inwardly, one anfweringaio ther,like little homes,containing (mall flat feeds,fower cornered,and fafhioned like a little wedge: the rootc is tough,of a woodie fubftance,and doth continue fruitfull a very long time. Thereis another kinde ofSecuridac* or hatchet Fetch,which hath branches,Ieaues,and rootes, like the laft before remembred,and differeth in that,that the flowers of this plant are mixed,and do vary into fun dry colours, being on the vpper part of a flefh colour, and on i he lower of a whirc or fnowie colour , with a purple Storkes bill in the midft: theleauesare in tafte bitter; the cods are fmall like tho'Te of Birds foote,and not much vnlike tire cods of Or ohm. Thereis hkewile another kinde of Securidacx or Hatchet Fetch, which is dedicated vnto Carolus Clufttts , by the aforenamed Doctor Pennie , who founde it in the north parts of England , hauing Ieaues,rootes,and branches,like vnto the former: but the flowers of this are white, and mixed with fome purple,and bitter alfo in tafte: his cods arc like theclawofacrab,or (as ciufimi aith) I ike the knife which fhoomakers do vfe in Flanders, in which cods are contained (mail reddifh feede: this roote alfo is of long continuance. I Hedyfirum 105 <S THE SECOND X Hedy far ummahu. Hatchet Fetch. 'j i 7 eyrum E qiiimm. Horie fhooe. BOOKE OF THE 2 Hedy farum Glyryrchizata. Licorice hatchet Fetch. •&The defer ft ion. There is alfo another fort of Hatchet Fetch, which hath very long and tough branches trai¬ ling vpon the grounde, befet with leaucs like the former,but much greater: the {lowers do grow at the top of the branches of a pale colour, and turne into rough, round and flat cods, fafhioned like little bucklers:the roote(of this as ofthefirft) dieth at the firfl: approch ofwinterjafloone as the feedeisripe, but all the refldue of the kindesaic ofmanyyecres continuance. 3 Horie fhooe hath many ftalkes, flender,and lying vpon the grounde: the leaues be thinne and lclfer then thole of Axleederthe flowers along the (Hikes are little 5 after which come vp long cods fomthing broad, and a little bowing, 'which haue vpon the one fide deepe,rounde,and inden ted cuts, like after a fort to an Horie fhooe: the roote is fomewhat long. The place. Thele plants do grow in my garden: the fecond kinde I founde growing in Sulfolke, in the high way on the right handc, as you go from Sudbury to Corner Church about an hundred paces front the ende of the towne, as alfo in fundry othe HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3057 places of the fame countrey; and in Eflex about Dunmow, and in the townes called Clare and H HorfHhooe commeth vp in certaine vntilled and funny places ofltaly and Languedock: it gro- weth likewife in my garden. . * The time. • Thefe plants do flower in Iune,and their fecde is ripe m Auguft. •j? The names. The Grecians name this,whether it be a pulfe or an infirmitie amongcorne the Latines of the forme of the feede Securidaca , and Hedyfarum : inEnglifh Axfeede, Axwoort, Ax-fitch, and Hatchet Fitch: it is vnknowne to the Apothecaries. Horfe fhooe, is commonly called in Italian Sferro de cauallo : you may name it in Latine Ferrum eaumum: in Englifh Horfe fhooe. tc The temperature. The feeds of thefe plants are hot and dry of complexion. it The verities. Being drunke it is acceptable to the florracke,and remcoueth {loppings out of the intrailes,and A of like vertue be the nevve leaues and tender crops of the whole plant. hiofcoridcs fheweth tliat it is alfo good for the flomacke being taken in drinke,and is mixed with B counterpoifons. And it is thought to hinder conception, ifit be applied with hony before toe act. C The feede of Axwoortopeneth the (loppings of the liuer,the obflru&ion of the fpleene, and of D all the inward parts. Horfe fhooe is bitter and like in nature to Axfeede. ii Terrd pland.es. Peafe Earth nut. Of Teafe Earth nut. Qbap^ox. ^ The description. T He Peafe Earth nut, commeth vp with lien derand weake flalkes: the leaues be thin, and little,growingvpon {lender ftems,with claf* ping tendiels at the ends, with which it imbraceth and taketh hold of fuch things as Hand neerc vnto the flowers on the tops of the flalkes ate like to it thofe of Peafe,but lefler, of a red purple colour, in fmell not vnpleafantiin their places come vp long cods, in which are three or fower round feeds: the rootes bethicke, long, likeaftera fort13 acorns, but much greater, blacke without, graie within, in tafle like to the ChefTenut: out of which beneath doth hang a long flendcr firing, there grow out of the fame alfo other flrin gs,hard to the letting on of the flaike, vnto which creeping aflope do grow other kernelled rootes whileil the plant doth thus multiplieitfelfb. tfc The place. This groweth in corne fieldes, both with the come it felfe, and alfo about the borders of fields among briers and brambles ."it is fotinde in diners woods and paflures of Englande, efpeciallie in H ampfteed woode neerc London: -it groweth in Richmond Heath,and in Coomc Parke likewife. it The time. Itflowreth in Iune and Inly, the nuts after bar- uefl be digged vp and gathered. The names. It is called in high dutch StOmtilimin low dutch ®tttWtf JSPupftn mctSfeltW, Xxx i that 1058 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE that is to lay 3 tailed Mife 3 of the fimilitude or likenes of domefticall Mife 3 which the blacke 3 rounde and long Nuts,with a peece of the (lender firing hanging out behind 3 do represent: the later writers docallitinLatine Terr* giandes, or Terrejlres giandes, and in Greeks ^.Mcu&tAaVo/, Chamabalani: inEnglifh PeafeEarthnur. i-: The temperature and vertues . A TheNuts of this Peafebeing boiled and eaten 3 are hardlier digefted then be either Turneps or Parfneps , yet do they nourifh no lefl'e then theParlneps: they are not (o windie as they, they do more (lowly paflethorowe thebel yby reafon of their binding qualities and being eaten rawe they be yet harder of dige(tion 3 and do hardlier and (lowlier deicend. ® i hey be of temperature meanly hot 3 and fomwhat dry,being withall not a little binding: where- vpcn a!:o they do not onely (laie the fluxes of the belly, but alio all ifiTues of bloud 3 efpecialiy from the mother or bladder. C The rootes of Pea(e Earthnut (loppeth the belly 3 and the inordinate courfeof womens flck- nefle. Of m'dke ‘Vetch. Chap .50 2. The k'mdcs. ‘TP Here be diners forts ofherbes conteined vnder the title of 'sfJlragaltM, whether I may with- out breach of promife made in the beginning infert them among the Legurrirna,pu\ks, or herbie plants 3 it is doubtflill: but feeing the matter is difputable, I thinke it not amide to luffer them thustopafl'e 3 vntill fomeother fhall finde a place more conuenient and agreeing vntothemin neighbourhood. O \ I ^Aflragalus lufit aniens Chtsij. 2 o Tflragalus Syriacus. Portingalemilke Vetch. Aflyiianmilkc Vetch. HISTORIE OF PDA NTS. 1059 1 nri 1 < ft The deferIption. f • * i . f He firftkinde otAflragahu hath reddifh ftalkfcs; a cubite high 3 a finger thicke, fbmewhac crefted or furrowed,and couered oner with an bairie.mgflmcs; which diuidc themfeiucs in¬ to fundryiiriairbranches , betetvvun Jeaties, cdnfifrin'gof JuncJfy little leaues fctvpon a middle rib,like the wilde Vetch,failing that euery fmall leafe is fafhioned like a Butchers knife^pla¬ ced on the final pliant branches like feathers,which arelikewife couered oucr with a woolie hoari- nes;intafteaftringentatthefirft, but afterwards burning hot: among tbefe Icaues come foortii many fmall white flowers,in fafhitfri [ike the flowers ofLupines,which before their opening feeme to be fomewhat yellow: the roote is maruellous great and large, confidering the fmalnefie of the plant,for fometimds it groweth to the bigne fie of a mans arme, keeping the lame bigneffe for the fpace of a fpanne in length,and after diuidcth it felfe into two or more forkes or branches, blacke without and wrinckled;white within, hard and woodie, and in tafte vnpleafant, which being dried becommeth harder then an home. 2 Thefccond kindeof cAflrag/rftis is a rare and galant plant,and may well be termed Plant a. Le~ gumnofa ,by rcafon that it is accounted for a kinde of ^Afira^at'ui ,reiembling the fame in the fimi- litudeof his ftalkes and leaues, as alTo in the thicknefle of his rootes, and the creeping and foul ding thereof; and is garriiihed with a moft thicke and pleafant comlinefle of his dele&able red flowers, growing vp togither in great tufts,which are very leemely to behold. There hath beene fome controuerfie about this thirdekinde,which I am not willing to profecure or enter into: it may very well be AjlragalmotMathtolm his description, or elfe his Polygala, which doth exceeding well refemble the true Aflragaius : his fmall ftalkes growe a foote high, befet with leaues like Cicer or Galcga ,but that they are fomewhat lefter: among which come foorth fmall Peafe like flowers,ofan Orenge colour,very pleafant in fight: the roote is tough and flexible, of a finger thicke. , The fourth is called of Mutonus and other learned Herbarifts Aflragiloiics , for that it refemb'eth the true '^Aflragalw ,which groweth a cubite high,and in fhewe refcmbleth Liquorice: the flowers grow at the tops of the ftalks,in Shape like the Peafe bloome, ofafaire purple colour, which turns into fmall blacke cods when they be ripe: the roote is tough and very long,creeping vpon the vp- per part of the earth,and of a woodie fubftance. Is The place. They grow amongft ftoncs, in open places, or as Oribafius writetb , in places fubied to winder, & couered with fnow \Dioftondes copies do ad,infhadowiepIaccs;it groweth plentifully i Phenea acitie in Arcadia, as Galen and Pliny report: in D/ofccrzdes his copies there is reade , in Me rtphis acitie of Arcadia; but Memphis is acitie of Egypt, and in Arcadia there is noneof that name: fome of them grow in my garden, and in fundry other places in England wilde; they growe in 1 lie meadowes neere Cambridge,where the fcholers vfe to fport themfelues: they stow alio in fundrie places of Eflex, as about Dunmow and Clare,and many other places of thac countrey. ft The time. They flower in Iune and Inly,and their feede is ripe in September. ft The names. Milke Vetch is called of Mathiolws Polygala, but not properly; of moft it is called Afra^alne: in Spanifh Garauancillos: in the Portingales toong ^A(phabeca: in Dutch ClCClT!L~ 'h The temperature and vert ties. lAJlragaluszs faith, hath aftringent or binding rootes, and therefore it isof thenumber A ofthofe Simples, that are not a little drying; for it glue th and healerh vp old vlcers, and ftaieth the fluxeofthe belly,if they be boiled in wine and drunke :rhe fame things alfo touching the vercues of <Afir agalm DioJcor ides hath mentioned, the roote faith he, being drunke in wine ftaieth the laske, andprouoketh vrine, being dried and caft vpon old vlcers, it cure th them; it likewife procurers great ftore of milke in cattle that do eate thereof, whence it tooke his name. It ftoppeth bleeding,but it is with much adoo beaten,by reafon of his hardnes. B Xx X z Of THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE loGo Of Kidney Vetch . Chap, joy Thekindes . A lyjhyllis (according to Diofcorides) is of two fortSjthe one is like to the Lentill j the other to the ground Pine. : •:jv , • r : ^ ' I ^fnthyllti legminofa. 2 Stella legmino'a. Kidney Vetch. Starrie Kidney Vetch. The definition. 1 XT' IdnevVcrch hath a ftalke of the height ofa cubite , diuidingit felfe into other branches 5 whereon do grow long leaues,made of diners leaues, like thole ofthe Lentill, couered as it were with a loft white downinefle; the flowers on the tops of the flalkes, of a yellow colour , ,verie many joined togither,as it were in a fpokie rundle; after which grow vp little cods, in which is con- teined fmall feede: theroote is (lender,and ofa woodiefubflance. 2 The Starrie Kidney Verch, cabled Stella leguminofa , or according to Cortufius ^Arcluro, hath many fmall flexible rough branches,full of fmall knots or knees: from whence lpringeth forth one long fmallleafe, like Birds foote, but bigger: from the bolome of thofe leaues come foorth little tender ferns, on the ends Whereof do growe fmall yellowe flowers, which are very flender, ana foon vaded .like vntothemof I ampfina: rhefe flowers turne into fmalllharp pointed cods,(landing one diftant from another, like the diuifions of aftarre, or as though it confided of little homes, wherein is conteined fmall bLxke feedes: the roote is tough and deepely growing in the ground. There HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ic 6 t There is another fort of Kidney Vetch called Birdes foote, or Ornithopodium, which hath verie many fmall and tender branches, trailing heere and there dole vpon the groundc, let ftiHvof fmall and lofc leaues,of a wh itifh greene,in fhape like the leaues of the wilde Vetch 3 but a great deale lef- fcr,and finer,almoft like fmall feathers : amongfl: which the flowers do growe, that arc vcricfmall, yellowifli,andfbmetimc whitifh ; which being vaded, there come in place thereof little crooked cods,fine or fixe growing togither,which in fhew and fliape are like vnro a fin all birds foote, and each and eucry cod refembling a clawe jin which are inclofed fmall (cede like that of Turncps. There is alfo another kindc o£ Ornithopodium ptBirdzs foote, called fmall Birds foote, which is very like vnto the firft,but that it is much lefTer: the branches or fprigs growe not abouca hand or halfe an hand high, fpreading themfelues vpon the ground with his fmall leaues and branches, in mancr of the lefier ^Araehus : the flowers are like vnto thofe of Coronata L^lelUotm. ic Theplace. Thefe plants I found growing vpon Hampllead Heath neer London, right againfl the Beacon, vpon the right hand as you go from London,neere vnto a graucll pit 5 they growe alfo vpoii blacke Heath,in the high way leading from Greenwich to Charleton, within halfe a mile of the towne. ic The time. A They flower from Iune to the middle of September. ic The names. I cannot findc any other name for thefe plants, but Ornithopodium : the firfl is called in Englifh great Birds foote,the fecond fmall Birds foote. icThe nature andvertues. Thefe herbes arc not vfed either in meate cr medicine, that I know of as yet •, but they are verie A good foode for cattle,and procure good ftore of milke, whereupon fome haue taken them for kinds od poly gala. Of blackymil^e Tare . Glaux Diofcoridu. Dhfcorides his milke Tare. ic The defeription. He true Glaux of Diofcondes hath very ma¬ ny tough &: woodie branches,trailing vpon theground/etlulloffmall leaues, in fhape like the common Glaux,but a great deale fmaller, refembling the leaues of Tares, but rather like Birdes foote, of a verie graie colour: amongfl which comefoorth knoppie and fcalie or chafhe heads,very like the Medowe Ttefoile , of afaiie purple colour: the roote is exceeding long and woodie,which the pidlurc doth not exprefle and fetfooith. The common or beft knowne Glaux hath ma¬ ny long.tough &: flexible branches , proceeding immediately from a thicke and tough roote, growing very deepe into the groundejand leaues confiftingoffundiy fmall leaues, fetvpon both fidesof a fmall rib, each leafeHanding oppofice one againfl another, eden like the leaues of Li¬ quorice, but fmaller, ofagrayifhgreenc colour aboue,but vnderneath of a skie colour, called in Latinc Glaucus color , or like the eie ofa “Lion or Owle, whereof it tooke his name : the flowers grow at the top of the fralkes, in ihape like Gale- ga , but of a purple colour j which being pafl, there fucceedeth a final! bunch offlraight cods, whofe points or ends Hand vp right full of feede, jin tafle like -Pulfe or Vetches, Xxx i icTh<; I ©62 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE # The place. CL.tx vulgaris or the common Glaux, groweth infundry places neer the fea coades,as at Landi- met Lading,^nd lundry other places. The true Glaux groweth vpon Barton hill/ower miles from Lewton in Bedfordrhire a vpon both die hdes of the declination of the hill. # The time. Thefc plants do flower and flourifh about Midfomer. > The names. 1 Thefe plants haue in times pad beene called Glaux .i.folia habensglauca,fmepallentia, that is 3 ha- r.ing skie coloured,or pale leanes. Sithcns that in times pad/ome haue counted Glaux among the kinds of Polygala, or Milkwoorts, we may therefore call die firft kinde of Glaux)) lacke Milkwoorgthe lecond white Milkwoort. The nature. Thefc herbes are drie in the fecond degree. Thevertues. The feedes of the common Glaux are in vertue like the Lentils,but not fo much adringent; they flop the fluxe of the be!iy,drie vp the moidure ofthe domacke,and ingender ftore of milke. Of red Fitch ling, Medici^ Fitch,and Cocoes head. Qhapfo^. I Onobrychisflue Caput Gallinaceum. Medick Fitchling,or Cockes head. 1 Onobrychisfleyepur pur eo. Purple Cockes head. Thedefcriptlon. 1 r-pHe fird kinde of Onobrychis hath many fmali and vinie pliant branches, ramping and cree* J ping through and about bufhes,or wharfoeuer it groweth neere vnto itheleaues andal the redofthcpulfcorplant, is very like vnto the wilde Vetch or Tare: the flowers grow at the top of fmali naked ftalkes,in fhape like the Feafe bloome , but of a purple colour laide.ouer with blue^which turns into fmall round pricklie huskes 5 that are nothing elfe but the leede. aTh< HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 10S3. a ' The fecond kinde of Fitchling or Cocks head,of Clufitt* his defcription, hath very many ftalks, efpecially when ir is growen to an old plant, round, hard, and leaning to the ground like the other Pulfes* and leaucs very like Ga/ega,ox the wildc Vetch, of a bitter tafte and lothfome fauounamong which come foorth finall and round ftems, at the endes whereof do growe flowers fpike fafhion, three inches long,in fhape like thofe of the great Ltgofiu, or Medovv, Trefoi]e,but longer,of an ex¬ cellent fhining purple colour, but without fmell 5 after which there follow fmajlcods, containing little hard and blacke feede, in tafte like the Vetch. Tberoote is great and Ieqg, hard and of a woodie fubftance,fpreading it felfefar abroad, and growing very cleepeinto the ground. 'it 7 he defcription. 3 The third kinde of Fitchling or Cocks head, hath from a tough, final 1 and woodie roote, many Vinie branches growing a cubite high, full of knots, ramping and creeping on the ground. The leaues are like the former, butfmaller and fhorter: among which come foorth fmali tender ftems, whereupon do growe little flowers like thofe of the Tare, but of a blew colour tending to purple. The flowers being vaded,there come the finall cods, which containe little blacke feed like a kidney, ofablacke colour. 4 The fourth kinde of Fitchling hath firme greene hard ftalkes a cubite and ahalfe high, where¬ upon growe leaues like to the wilde Tare or Gdegct, but fmaller and fomewhat hairie, bitter and vn- pleafant in tafte,and in the end fomewhat fharpe. At the top of the ftalkes come foorth long fpiked flowers,of a pale colour, and in fhape like thofe of the fecond kinde; which being vaded, there fol¬ low finall bottle cods, wherein is contained little black feede like the feede ofTcnegreeke, but fmal¬ ler J he roote is thicke and hard,and of a woodie fubftance, and Iaftingwery long. Xxx 4 5 Onobrjchu 1 0 6 -]. THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 5 Onobrychu montarn 4. clnstj. Moiiritaine Medick Fetch. *&The deer ip tion. 5 Thefift kindeof Onobrychu hath manygrofle and woodie ftalkes; proceeding immediately from athicke, fat, and ftefhie toughroote; thevpper part of which are (mail, rounds, and pliant, carni- fhedwith littleleaueslike thofeof Lentils, or ra¬ ther Tragacantbafo mwhatfoft, and couered oner with a woolly hairines: among whichcome forth little long and naked fiems, eight or nine inches long, wheieon do growe many Imall flowers of the fafhionof the Vetch or Lentili 3 but of ablewe co¬ lour tending to purple, andafeerthem come finall cods,wherein the feedc is contained. The place. The firft and lecond grcwe vpon Barton hill, fewer miles from Lewtonin Bedfordfhire, vpon both the fides of the hill; and like wife vpon the graffie balkes betweene the landes of corne two miles from Cambridge, ncere vnto a water mill to- warded London; and diners other places by the way from London to Cambridge : the reft are ftrangers in England. The time. The/c plants do flower in Iuly,and their feede k ripe fnortly after. % he names. It is dvdvufuc , or without a name among the later writers: theoldeand ancient phifitionsdo call it ovofyvyt ’(: for all thofe things that are found written in Diofcondes or Pliny concerning Onobrychu , do efbccially agree heereunto .Dio/cor. writeth thus, Onobrychu hath leaues like a Lentill,but longer;a ftalkeafpanhigh;acrimlon flower;alitderoote:itgreweth inmoiftand vntillcd places: and Pit- wie in like mane;; Oncbrychii hath the leaues of a Lentill/cmwhat longer, a red flower, a fmalland {lender rooterit growerh about fprings or fountaines ofwatcr. All which things and enery particular are in this ornamelefteherbe, as it ismanifeft: and therefore it is not to be doubted at all, but that the fame is Onobrychu of the olde wri¬ ters: it may be called in Englifhred Fetchling, or as fomefuppofe Medicke Fitch, or Cockes icai i r The temperature. Thefeherbesas^/eahath written in his bookes of the facultiesof fimplemcdicincsjdoerari- fe or make thmne and wafte away. •ic The verities. A Therefore the leaues thereof when it is greene, being but as yet Iaide vpon hard fwellings, waxen camels in maner of a falue, doe wafte and conlume them away , but being dried and drunkc in wine they cure the ftrangune ;and laide on with oile it procureth fweate. B Which things alio concerning Onobrychu Diojcoridcs hath in thele words fet downe: the herb® ftamped and applied wafteth away hard fwellings of the kernels; but beingdrunkewith wine it heipeth the ftrangurie,and rubbed on with oile it caufeth (vveatmgs. Of HISTORIE OF PLANT! 405 6 Of bajlard'Dittanie. Chap. 506. Fruxintlltt. Baftard Dittanie. rt: ai ■ it 7 hedejcripthq. B Aftard Dittanie is-a vepe rare and galant planr 3 hauingrnany ; browneftalks, fomwhat rough, diuidedintofiindrieftpall branches, garnifhed with leaues like Liquorice,or rather like the leaues of the Alb Tree, but blacker, thicker ,& more fullofiuice,ofan vnpleafant fauour: among which grOwe flowers, confiftingof fine whitilh leaues ftripped with red, whereof one which gro- vveth vndermoft, hangcch downe lG>ve$ but the fower which growe vppennoft, growe more ftiffe and vpright: out of the midft of this flower com- meth foorth a Taftell,which is like a beard,hang- ingalfo downwards,and fomewhat turning vp at the lower end : which being vaded, there come in ' place fower huskes ioined togither, much like the huskes or cods of Columbines,fomewhat rough without, flimie to handle, & of a lothforae fauour, almoft like the fipcll ofa goate; whereupon fomc Herbarifts haue called it Trdgtum: in the cods are contained fmall blacke fhining feedes like Peonie feedes in colour: the rootes are white, a finger thicke,one twifting or knotting withip another,in tafte fomewhat bitter. There is another kinde heereofgrowing in my garden,not very much differing; the leaues of the one are greater,greener,harder,and fharper poin« ted;ofthe other b!ackcr,not fo hard,nor fofbarpe pointed: the flowers alfo heereof be fdmething more bright coloured, and of the other a little redden it The-place. Baftard Dittany groweth wilde in the mountaines of Italy,and Getmanie, and I haue it growing in my garden. it The time. It flowreth in Iunc and Iuly: and the feede is ripe in the end of Atiguft. itThenames. Thelater Herbarifts name it Fraxinc!Lt,moR. ^tueafufJoy. as though they fhould fay liumilis Fraxi- nut, or a lowe afherin Englifh baftard or falfe Dittanie: the fhops call it Dtctamnum , and Diptamum, butnot truely,and vfe oftentimes the rootes heereof in fteede of the right Dittanie. That it is not the right Dittanie it is better knowne then needfull at all to be confuted, and itis as euidenttbat the fame is not Diofcorides his Pfeudodiciamnum , or baftard Dittany :bu tit is plaine tobeakinde ofTragium of the old writers,wherewith it feemeth to agree in fhewe,but not in fubftance. it The temperature. The roote of baftard Dittanie is hot and drie in the fecond degree, it is ofa wafting, attenuating, and opening facultie. it Thcvertues. It bringeth downe the menfes, it alfo bringeth away the birth and afterbirth; it helpeth colde A difeafesofthematrixranditisreportedtobegoodfor thole that haue illftomackesandare fhort winded. They fay alfo, that it is profitable againft the ftingings and bitingsof venemous ferpents;B againft deadly poifons,againft contagious and peftilent difeafes, and that it is with goodfuccefle mixed with counterpoifons* Xxx 5 Thg THE SECOND BQQKE OF THE The feec!e of Baftardc Dittanie taken in the quantitic ofa dram is good aeainft the {Wain-v prouoketh vnne,brcaketh the ftonc in the bladder,and driueth it foorth. ‘ uC * . ; rhc Iike y crtue hatl ,V the leaues a,ld h,ice takcn fame Ion,and being applied outwardly Hdraweththornesandfplintersoutofthcflefh. r .v. v> The roote taken with a little Rubarbe,killcth and driueth foorth woormeL 5 ' * E-Jt.fi 5 T DioftorUes reporteth, that the wilde Goates being ftriken with darts or a’rrowes ii# 4 >te b-V ram, and thereby cable them to fall out of tljeir bodies, which is ment of. the riVhc 1 . 5 . Bodonaus reporteth that this plant will do the Iike,(which I do not beleeue.) ° > ol, & 1 . > • - . , ' , .. ■ ' ■ . ■ Trihulm ter refer it. Land Caltrops. ’ . m J j ; Of land Caltrops. Cbap.joj . •-j;. ’ 13 77 i ' "fy The defeription. Ande Caltrops hath long branches full of lomtSjfprcd abroad vpon the ground, garni- (hed with many leues fet vpo a middle nb,af- ter the maner of Fetches : among which grow'lit¬ tle yellow flowers,confiftingof fine fmalllcaues like vnto the flowers of Tormentill: I neuer fawe the plant beare yeIlowe,but white flowers,agree- ing with the delcription of Dodonans in each re- fped, faue in the colour of the flowers, which do turne into fmall fquare fruite, rough, and full of prickles, wherein is afmallkernellorfeede : the roote is white and full offerings. 9 e The place. It groweth plentifully in Spaine in the fieldes: it is hurtful! to corne, but yet as PlwieSanh, it is ..rather to be accounted among the difeafes of corne, then among the plagues of the earth: it is alfofound in moft places of Italy and Fxauncc;! founde it growing in amoift medow adjoining to the woodeor Parke ofSir FrauncesCarexee, neere Croidoiij notfarre from London, and not elfe where: from whence I brought plants for my garden. 1 tfr The time. It flowreth in June and luly: the frmte is ripe in Auguft. r 9 : The names. It is called in Greeke 7 &' 0 orof : and in Latinc Tri- . . t hultts,andthatit may differ from theother which groweth in the water,it is named or Tnbufm terreftnr. it may be called in Enelifh Land Caltrops,of the likenes which the fruite hath with Caltrops , that are inftruments of warre caft in the way to annoie the feete of the emmies horfes, as is before remembred in the water Sa- ligot. 9c The temperature cindvertues. A In this Lande Caltrops there is an earthy and coldc qualitie abounding, which is alfo binding as Galen writeth. 5 ’ B The fruite thereof being drunke by reafon it is of thinne parts, wafteth away ftones in the kid- neics. 1 c Land Caltrops faith Diojcoridesbe ing drunke to the quantitie ofa French crownewaight, and alio applied, cureth the bitings of the viper. * " kilfcdi 3 fic i ‘ r s Un ^ e W1Ch vvinc 3 ltisarem cdieagain.{lpoifons: the deco&ion thereof fprinkled HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 10S7 ,\ Ofbaflard c Rubarbe . Cbap.^ 08, ' .. .’1 Z * - ■ • '• i * J • J - oV-wd -.11 doi.d«^y.wvYwWVT ‘ I 01 *vjr.; 3 ' - 1 - ” ;• ' Thdictmmfmethditirummains. * Thditfrwnmmw. Great baftard Rubarbe, ‘ . Small baftard Rubarbe, [j i > t;. ' tk a?rcif .-i rbuf- : ' • . j i .ftiigrdi & The defer iption. 1 '"p He great Thdietnm or baftardeRubarbe,hath large leaues,parted or diuidedinto diners I other fmall leaucs, fomwhat fnipt about the edges, of a blacke or darke greene colour: the ftalkes are crefted or ftrakcd,of a purple colour,growing to the height of two cubirs: at the top whereof grow many (mall and hairie white flowers, and after them come fmall narrowe husks 3 like little cods,fovver or fiue growing togither: the roote is yellowing, rounde,andknottie,di(per- fingit felfefarre abroad,on the vpper face of the earth. 2 The final! baftard Rubarbe is veric like vnto the precedent, but that it is altogither lefler: his ftalkes are a (panne or a footelong; his leaues bethinneand tender; the roote fine and (lenders the little flowers grow togither in fmall bundles, or tufts,ofa light yeliow colour,almoft vvhite,and are of a green ous fauour. The place. Thefe plants do growcalongft the ditch (ides leading from Keutifh ftrecte vnto Saint Tho¬ mas Watting?, the place of execution, on the right hande ;they growe vpon the Thames bajikes., leadingfrom Blacke Wall to Woolwich,neere London,and in fundry other places aifo. . The time. The flower for the moft part in Iulyand Auguft. * The SOu A B C THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE ie The names. Diuers of the later herbarifts do call it Pigamum, as though it wereW^cr that is,Rue; wherupon alio molt call it FMapaluttris, or Fen Rue: others Ffeudo-Rbabarbarum, and Rhabarlarnm Mona - thorumfo'j reafon of the yellow colour of the roote. But neither of’ their judgements is greatly to be efteemed of: they iudge better that would haue it to be Thalietrum , which Diofcorides deferi- beth to haue leaues fomething flatter than thofe of Coriander ,and the ftalke like that of Rue, vpon which the leaues dogroVve. Penaz alleth it Thalietrum,Thalietrum, 2X\&Ruta pratenfis : inEnglifh baltardRubarbe,or EnglifhRubarbe: which names arc taken of the colour ,and tafteof therootes. * The temperature. , .**.■. Thefe herbes are hot and dric of complexion. it The vertues. The leaues ofbaltardRubarbc,wkh other potherbes,do fomewhat mooue the belly. The decodEon of the roote doth more cffe&ually. . cA'; Diofcorides faith, that the leaues being Ramped do perfectly cure old vlcers. Galen addeth, that they drie without biting. Of (joates *Rpe. Chap.309. Galega. Goates Rue. it The defeription. G zjilcgx or Goates Rue, hath round hardc (talks let full of leaues, dilplaied or'winged abroad, euery leafe confiding of fundric fmall leaues, fet vpon a (lender rib, relembling the leaues of the field Vetch or Tare,but greater and longer. The flowers growe at the top of the (talkes, cluttering togither after the manner of thewilde Vetch, of a light skie colour, which turne into long cods, fmall and round, wherein the (cede is contained.The roote is great,thickc, rough,and of a white colour. ie The place. It groweth plentifully in Italic euery where in fat grounds, and by riuers Tides: it groweth like* wile in my garden. it The time. It flowreth in Iuly and Auguft. ie The names. The Italians call it Galega, and Rut a CaprarU\ diuers name it corruptly Gralega, Hieronymus Fraca florist calleth it Herba Galleca: the Hetruf* cians Lauanefe 5 & it is alfo called by diuers other names in fundrie places of Italic, as Gefner faith, as are CaJlractnc, Lauanna, Thorina, or Taurine Mart ante,i,Sar -acena, Capragina, Herbanefa , Fee- numgrtcum ftluettre, and as Brafauolus witnefi fcth 3 G/arga.lt is named in Englifh Italian Fitch, and Goates Rue. Some judge,that the oldePhiiiticns were woontto cal it Onobrychis ,others Glauce , diuers would haue it to be Polemonium , but notfo much Petr.^4nd. Mathiolui in his commentaries, as euery oneof thedelcriptions mentioned by Diofeer ides do gainfay them ;as alfo thofe, who thinke that Gale gals Polygalon, and that the name o {Galega came of Polygalon, the very defeription alio of Polygakn is againll them: for Galega is higher and greater, than that it may be called a little Ihrub, oneiy of an hand breadth high. * The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i & The temperature. This plant is in a meane temperature betweene hot and cold. Helhevertues. GoatesRueisafinguIarherbcagainRall vcnome and poyfon, andagainft wormes, tokilland A driue them foorth ,ifthe iuice be giuen to little children to drinke. It is of like vertue if it be fried with Lincfeede oyic,and bound vpon the childes nauell. It is miniftredvnto children which arepofiefled with the falling euill„ afpooneftill euerymor- ningin milkc. ■ ^v.'x : Being boiled in vineger,and drunkc with a little Treacle, it is very good again!! the infection of D the plague.,efpecially if the medicine be taken within twelue howers. I he herbe itfelfe is eaten ,being bcyled with flefh,as we vfe to eate Cabbage and other woorts, E and likewife in fallads,with oyle, vinegcr,and pepper, as we doeateboyled Spinage, and Rich like, n , Which is rood excellent,being fo eaten,againR al poyfon &peRilence,or any vcnemous infirmitic whatfoeuer,and procureth iweate. Italfo healeth thebitings and Ringings ofvenemousbeaRs,if either the iuicc or the herbe Ram- F pedbelaid vpon the wounds. 3 Halfe an ounce of the iuice inwardly taken is reported to helpc thofe that are troubled with con- G uulfions,crampes,and all other the difeafesaforefaid. The feedes dofeedepullen exceedingly, andcaufeth them to yeelde greater Roreof egs than H ordinarie. OfFlmithis Leadwoort. Chap.5 10 . plumbago vUntj, Leadwoort. , The description. D Entaria or Dentillaria , hath offended in the fuperlatiue degree, in that he hath hid himfelfe like a rtmnagate foldier, when the flffault fhould hauebeene giuen vnto the plant Lrpidmm, whereof doubtleffe it is a kinde. But if the fault be mine,as without queRion it is,I craue pardon for the ouerfight, and do intreate thee gentle reader tocenfure me with fauour,whereby I may more boldly infert it in this place, rather than to Icaue it vntouched. The learned of Nar- bone, efpecially RondeUtim , bane not without good caufe accounted this goodly plant for a kinde thereof, bicaufethewholeplantisof a bi¬ ting taRe,and a burning facultie, andthatin Rich extremitie, that it will raife bliRers vpon a mans hand: for which caufe fomcof the learned fort haue accounted it Pltntes Molybdana, or ^.sfEge¬ net a his Lepidium $ but the new herbariRs call it Vent ana, or Dent/liana Rondel:tij , who made the like vfe hereof, as he did of Pyrethrum , and Rich burning plants, to appeafe the immoderatepaine of the too hach and Rich like. This p'ant hath great thicke tough rootes,of a woodie RibRance, from whence fpring vp long and rough Ralkes two cubites high, confufedly garnifhed and befec with Jong leauesjitlcolour like Woad, of a-fharp and bitingtaRe, The flowersgrowe a theropof the Ralkes of a purple colour 5 which being paR,there fucceede clofe, giiRering and hairie huskes, therein is contained Rnall blackifh leede. & The, n w io-jo THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE & 'The place, Tena rcporteth that Dentillaria groweth about Rome,nigh the hedges and corne Bddcs • it Be" wile groweth in my garden in great plenty. ' ft The time. It flowreth in Iuly and Auguft. ft ihe names. *eR« IK ene Romanies £. ^Antony: in Illyria Cucurida: in Englifh Leadwoort. ft The temperature. Dents liar la is of a caufticke qualitie. ft The vertices. A ltheIpeththetoothach,efpeciaIIyif it beholden in the hand foinelmall while. Of c Rue>or her he Qrace . Chap .511. R Rut a hortenfis. Garden Rue. 2 Rut a (ylueflritgraueolens. Stinking wilde Rue, # The defeription. ^ °} P^ lntCc ? Rtie 3 is a fhrub full of branches,now and then a yard high,or higher.* t e a -esw ereof are couered with a whitifh barke , the branches are more greene: the caues leereofconfift of diners parts ,and be diuided into wings, about which are certainc little ones,of an odde number, fomething broad 3 more long then round, fmooth and fomwhatfat, of a graie colour,or greemflibluerthe flowers in the tops of the branches are of a pale yellow,con- jilting of A ower little leaues,fomething hollow :in the middle of which ftanderh vp a little head or button HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1071 button fower fquared, feldome fine fquared, containing as many little coffers, as it hath corners, being compaffed about with diners little yellow threds: out of which hang pretiefine tips of one colour 5 the feede groweth in the little coffers: the roote is woodie,and faftned with many firings. 0 this Rue hath a very flrong and ranke fmell,and a biting rafle. 2 The fccond being the wild or mountain Rue, called Rut a fyluejlri* , is verse like to garden Rue,in (lalkes, leaues, flowers, feede,colour, tafle, andfauour, failing that euery little leate hath fmal er cuts, and is much narrower :thc whole plant dieth at the approch of winter,being an annuall plant, and muft either ftande till it do fowe himfelfe,or elfe muft be fo wen of others. 3 Rut a fylucjlrii minima. The fmalleft wildeRue. 4 RutAmontAna. Mountaine Rue. & The description. 3 This plant is Iikewife a wilde kinde of Rue, and of all the reft the fmalleft, and yet more viru¬ lent,biting, and flunking then anie of the reft: the whole plant is of a whitifh pale greene, agree¬ ing with the laft before mentioned in each refped, faueingreatnes, and in that the venemous fumes or vapours that come fromthis fmallwildc Rue, arc more noifome and hurtfull then the former. 4 There is another wilde Rue growing vpon the mountaines of Sauoie and other places adioin- ing,hauing a great thicke roote: from which do arife many fhootes or ftalkcs , whereon do growe leaues very thicke and fat, parted into diuers lections , refembling the leaues of Stonecrop, of a ftrong and ftinkingfmell: the flowers grow on the tops of the ftalkes,confuting of fower final! ycl- Iowe leaues: the feedes are like the other, -T - _ _ . _ _ Haywa.Ia THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE 1072 5 Hannah. Wilde Rue with white flowers. ie The dejcription. 5 Harmell is one of the wilde Rues ; it bring'* erh foorth immediately from the roote diners little ftalkes of a cubite high : whereupon doe growe greene leaues diuerflie cutte into long l u peeces , longer and narrower then thole of the / wilde ftrong ImellingRue: the flowers be white, compofcd of fine white leaues: the fruit is three fquare. bigger then that of the planted Rue , in which the feedelieth: cherootei.s thickc,long, and blackifh: this Rue in hot countries hath a marueilous ftrong fmell, in cold countries not fo. # 7 hep he e. Garden Rue ioyeth in -fiinnie and open places, itprolpereth in rough and brickie grounde, and among a flies,i t can in no wile away with dung. The wilde are founde on mountaines in hot countries, as in Cappadocia, Galatia, and in di- uers prouinces of Italy fkSpaine; and on thehils of Lancafhire and Yorke. Pliny faith, that there is fuch friendfhip be* tweene it and the Figge tree , that it profpererh nowhere lo well as vnder the Figge tree. The beft for Philickes vfe is that which groweth vnder the Figge tree, as Biofcor. faith 5 the caufe isalleaged by Plutarchp\ the firft booke of his Sympojiaiks or fcafts: for lie faiclgthat it becommeth more fweet andmildein taftc, by reafonit taketh as it were fome part of the fu eetcnelFe of the Figge tree, whereby the otter ranke qualitie of the Rue is alaide ; vnicfle it be that the Figge tree whileft it dra- weth nourifhxent vntoit fclfe, it likewife withal! draweth away the ranknes of the Rue. if The ti ne. They flower in thefe coldc countries in Inly and Auguft 1 in other countries fooner. i: The names. The firft which is Hortenfn Rut a , garden Rue : in high Dutch iKsUtCH : in lowe Dutch BuftCt the Italians and Apothecaries keepe the Latine name : in Spanifh Ayuda tin French Rue de Iardin: in Englifh Rue,and herbe Grace. Wilde Rue is called in Greekc Peganon: in Latine Rut a fylueflrupT wildeRue: in Galatia and Cappadocia : of diuers Hannah: of the Arabians Harmel: of the Syrians Befara. The temperature. Rue is hot and drie in the later end ofthethirde degree : and wilde Rue in the fourth; it is of tliinneandfubtillpartSjit waftethand confumcthw'inde,iccuttethanddigefteth grofte and cough humours. if!he 'vert ues. A Rue or herbe Grace,prouoketh vrine,bringeth downe the ficknes,expelleth the deadchilde and afterbirth, being inwardly taken, or the deception drunke, and is good for the mother, being but onely fmelled vnto, whei eunto Macer addeth in thele verles, Tupmfi bnit ur compefctt, men fit u.4 pur gat ; Si cocjttii hanc in ayea tut vtnum mnxeruacrc Con-pefa t ta iis deco fi 10 tor mi* a venttu. Pul-nones tuuj.t & pefiwftJotbojp'nedctur Coflarwn,quernpieurtfim voiatttica lingua. Arthrtt’co^ Scyafimque iuuat/aebribujquc medetur Haujla (be. It io;a vmeger * Plcurifie HISTORIE OF PLANTS. It ftaies the cough if it be drunkc, It clenfeth monthly flowres. If you it feethe in water, and Thereto put ■'‘wine that fcoures 5 Such broth doth ftaie the belly gripes. It helpcth breft and loong; It cures the ficknes of the fides, Cald *Pleurfie in Greeke toong. The gout and the fciatica, And agues it doth cure, If it be drunke: and other things* As writers do allure. v X|:>i ' i- ■ 7 ; ■ - ' plinle faith in his 2o.booke ^.chapter,that it openeth the matrix, and bringeth it into her right B place,if the belly all ouer,and the fhare (the breft fay the old falfe copies) be annointed therewith: bei.ig tempered with honie, itisaremedie againft the inflammation and lwelling of the ftones, proceeding of long abftinence from venerie,called ofour Englifh Mountibankes, the Cokes euill, if it be boiled with Barrows grcace, Baie leaues, and the powders of Fenugreeke andLinfeede be added therto, and applied pultis wife, whereupon the Poet hath thus written: Hac etiam t'ttespoteru curdle tament es, Cumfolijs Laun bene tritxm , ft fupera idas. With this likewife you may reftore the cods when as they fwell, If thereunto you put Baie leaues,allbrufed very well. It taketh away the cruditie or rawn-s of the humours, and likewife windines, and olde paines of q the ftomacke; whereupon Mdcer hath thus written: Piga non in G raca lingua q %od Rut a vacatur, jllius Ant t dot 1 confect 10 tails habetur: * Pondere mngepar/ mtrum,p/per atque Cyminum De tribus his quantum ae rutx pomto t.intim ; Sedpr/us cx acri vino mocerare Cyminum Conuemt , in * ferropoft affhr/calefacto : * fur no , ' Omnia deindefimul bene tnta ex melle iugabis. Pectoris,& lateri*, iecoris,renumque dolor es Hoc ex * antido curantur {ape comefto, * antidote Extennat btUm,mollit fine tor mine ventrem. Confortdt ftomachum,facet vt bene digerat ejeam. * • - * • ** 1 / Rue, which in Greeke is called Piganon , The making of his antidote heere warne each one: Of Nitre, Pepper,and Cumine, likewaightof all take you. Put to as much ofthefe fame three in quantitie as Rue ; But firft i’cs meece you lay to foke in vineger your Cumen, „ And after to be baked, put it in a heated o'uen; Then all togither bruled well,with honie you fhall ioine: The paines andforenes of the breft, the liner, Tides, and Ioine, Andkidneies helped arc,by this good medcine eaten oft: It makes thin choler,bellie free from gripes,it maketh Toft: , Vnto the ftomacke comfort great, Cauling it well to brooke it meate. Rue boiled with vineger,remoouethgripings, it is good againft the ftitchof the fide and cheft , [) and ihormes of breath vponacolde caufe, and alfo againft the paine in the bines and buckle bones. to 7 4 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE E The oyle of it feruethfor thepurpofes laft recited: ittakethaway the colicke and pangs in the guts, not onely in a differ, but alfo annointed vpon the places afFeded. But if this oyle be made of the ode prefled our of Linefeede, it will be fomuch the better, and of Angular force to take awav hardlweiiings of thefpleeneovmilt. * V It is giuen with good fucceffe againft the dropfie, called in Greeke^^, being applied to the bellyinmannerofapultisjwhereoftheforefaidPoetaddeth: r Cum Car ids decoct a diupvini/f liquore, Fro [tint Hy dropicis,Jifmt(uperaddita node. With drie figs boildc if long it be,and iuice ofwinc,thefe two Do helpe the dropfie if they be laid ouernight thereto. t - G The herbe a little boylcd or fcalded,and kept in pickle, as we do vfe Sampler, and eaten. quicke- neto the light: whereof is written: 1 2 \obilis eji rut a quia lumina reddit nut a ; kMuxMo ruto,vir lippe vide bis acute . Noble is Rue,bicaufe it makes th’eie fight both fharpe and cleere; With helpe of Rue,0 blear-eyd man,thou fhalt fee far and neere. H The fame applied with honie and the iuice of Fennell, is a remedie againft dim eieswhereoi Macer fpeaketh thus: " Et melius Mar at hri cumpic to foiled^ Ga/li, Melle cfafijuccus ex oquo iungitur eius, Indej, jint ocuii patient is [apeperundi. And better with greene Fennell iuice, and of a cocke the gall And honie,if the iuice thereof alike be put of all. And with it oft the patients eies annointing fuffer fhall. I The iuice of Rue made hot in the rindeof a Pomegranate, and dropped into the cares taketh away the paine thereof, whereof Macer hath thus written. In cor to maligranatiptepefadam Auubus inf undos,depdles inde dolor emt In a Pomegranate peele the iuice ltikewarme there to remaine, Ii you powrc into ch cares you fhall from thence driue quite the paine. K Saint Anthonies fire is quenched therewith ; it killeth the fhingles,and running vlcers and fores in the heads of yoong children, if it be tempered with Oerufe or white Lead, vineger, andoylcof Rofes made into the forme of Nutriton,on Triapharmachonpnhticoi the Poet fpeaketh: Cum rofeo mifeens oleojtcc non & aceto itliusJuccum,capitis cur are dolorem ( Quamuis immodteumJpoteris hocf^peper ungens. With oyle of Rofe and vineger,mingling the iuice ofehis, 1 he headach(though the fame be great)you may helpe andnotmif, Annointing oftentimes the head therewith,as needfull is. L Dio[corides faith,that Rue put vp in the noftrels flaieth bleeding j whereof the Poet Macer: paribus txprepfus ftfuccusfunditur eius, Sifiit mananttm bene dejiccando cruorem. Ii that the iuice thereofcrufb t out be powr’d into the nofe. It ftaies the dreaming blood full well,by drying vp that flo wes. M Of whole opinion Plinie alfo is: whennotwithftandingit is of power rather to procure blee¬ ding,through the fharpe and biting qualitie that it hath. The HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. The leaues of Rue beaten and drunke with wine,are an Antidote or medicine againft poifons,as N p lints teacheth. Eiofcoridesw riteth, that a tweluepcnie weight of the feede drunkeinwine, is a counterpoyfon O againft deadly medicines, or the poyfon of Wolfes bane, birdlime, Mufhroms or Toadftoofes,the bitingsofforpents,flingingoffcorpions,fpiders,bees,hornets,and wafpes,andis reported, that if a man be annointed with the iuice of Rue, thefe will not hurt him; and that the (erpent isdriueri away at the fmell thereof whenit is burned, info much that when the Weefellisto fight with the ferpent, fhearmethhir felfe by the eating of Rue, againft the might of the ferpent: whereof the po ciMaccr: MuJlcUcp docent obftflere poffe venenis Mirifice rut am? comedunt quaprimitus Mam? Cum * pu'in&reJunt cumjerpent thus at? is. *pugnatur a. And Weezels teach it can withftand ftrong poyfons fpite, Which when they are about with ferpents blacke to fighr. In woondrous fort do firft ofall ,Rue nibble,eate and bite. The leaues of Rue eaten with the kernels of Walnuts, or figs (lamped togithcr and madeintoa p malfe or paafte,is good againft all euii aires,thepeftilence or plague,refifteth poifdn and al venoms whereof the forefaid Poet hath thus written: 4 Oh Hat pot a meropcl cruda comefta r venems : Hoc MtthrMates rex Fonti[apeprobamt? Qut rut afolijs vigtnti cumjale pauco, Et magnis nucilm binisjCaricisduabus Ieiunus vej:i concur gens mane Jolebat. '^Armatutcp ct bo tah?quafcttnque veneno Qua lib et inftdias fibi tendere haudmetuebat . Rite drunke with wine,or eaten rawe, withftandeth poyfons ftrong; This Mitbridates king of Pont rride oft and prooued long: W 7 ho vfed riling in the morne faffing and frefh toeate, A fcore Rue leaues and fait therewith, in quantitie not great: And armed with fuch meate as this fear’d not what foares foeuer By poyfons any laid for him, to their vtmoft endeuor. Likewife Salerna in the treadle Be conferuanda valctudine hath thus written: t_ Allia/uta pyra dr raphanut cum Tberiaca nux, P raft ant Anti datum contra let bale venenum. GarlickCjRuCjPeareSjand Radifh alio, with Nuts likewife and Treacle, A fou’rcigne mcdcine to vs do fhow, againft deadly poyfon an obftacle, Vrging the fame further faith thus t Saluia cum rutafaciunt tibi pocula tut a. That is, Sage and with it herbe Grace or Rue, Make drinks both fafe and found for you. Rue 1076 THE SECOND BOOKE OF THE Rue boiled with Dill,Fennell feede, and fome Sugar, in fufficient quantitie of wine,fwageth the torments and griping paines of the belly, the paines in the Tides and bread, the difficultie of brea- thingjthe cough,and (topping of the lungs, and helpeth fuch as are declining vnto a dropile. R The iuice taken with Dill,as aforcfaid, helpeth the cold fits of agues, and altereth their courfe: it helpeth the inflammation of the fundament and paines of the gut,called Rectum intefiinum. S The iuice of Rue drunke with wine, purgeth women after their deliuerance , drilling foorth the fecondine, the dead childe,and the vnnaturall birth. 1 T Rue vfed very often either in meate or drinke, quencheth and drieth vp the naturall feede of <*e . 1 neration,and the milke of thofe that giue fucke. V Theoyle wherein Rue hath beene boyled, and infufed for many daies togither in the funne,war- meth and chafeth all cold members if they be annointed therewith: alfo it prouoketh vrine, if the region of the bladder be annointed therewith. X If it be miniff red in differs, it expelleth windineffe, and the torfion or gnawing paines of the guts. Y 1 he Ieaues of garden Rue boyled in water and drunken, caufeth one to make water, prouoketh the termes,and (foppeth thelaske. Z Rut a.fyluefiris or wilde Rue, is much more vehement both in fmell and operation, and therefore the more virulent and pernitious. For fometimeit fumeth out a vapour or aire fo hurtfull, that it fcorcheth the face of him that looked i vpon it, railing \ p blift ers, wheales, and other accidents, it venometh their hands that touch it,which alio will infed the face if it be touched with them before they be cleane wafhed: wherefore it is not to be admitted vnto meate or medicine. t ■ f • ’■ The end of thefecond Hooke. •*:. .. Vi.: -V. . ■ v - v' : ’* -A f .' c - V. ' T _^’ , * ) -Qni aid T v/ 1077 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE HIST OKIE OF PLANTS: Containing the defcription, place, time, names, nature and vertues of frees, Shrubs fBufhcs, Fruit AearingplantsfRfrsinsffumsfR(ises, Heath, MoJJes: fomefndian plants, and other rare plants not remembred in the Froeme to thefirjl booke. Alfo Mufhroms, Corail, and their feuerall !<indes,&c. The Proeme. Ailing finifhed the trcatile ofherbes and plants in generaU,vled for meate,medicine, orfweetefmelling vfe, onely fome few omitted for want of perfedf inftru&ion, and alfo being hindered by theflacknefleof the cutrers or grauers of the figures, which wants we intend to fupplie in this third and laft part. The Fables, as w.ell generall as particular fhall be fet foorth in the end of this prefent volume. OfFgses. Chap a. tk The kiflies. He plant of Rofes, though it be a fhrub full of prickles,yet it had beene more fit and conuenient to haue placed it with themoft glorious flowers of theworlde, than to infertthe lame here among bale and thornie fhrubs: for the Role doth dderuethe chiefeft and molt'principal! place among all flowers whatfoeucr, being not onely efteemedfor his beaune, vertues,. and his flagrant and odoriferous fmdl; but alfo bicaufeitis the honor and ornament of our Englilh Scepter, as by theconiunbtion appeereth in thevniting of thofetwo tnoft roya.il houfesof Lancafler and Yorke. Which pleafant flowers de¬ fense the chiefeft place in Crownes and garlands,as out of Anacreon Thins a moll ancient Greeks Poet ,Henriciu Stephanas hath tranllated in a gallant Latinc verfe: Rofd hoflos iecuffr florum , Kofi- cur a, arorcj. Vtyis. RoJa,c<:itm eft vo'uj)tM } Rofetepn. r Cyti eres Ca put jmpin At core flit , Cha rituw C boros frequent an s.-> Which is engiifhed thus: TheRofe is rhe honor and beatitie of flowres. The Role is the case and lone of the fpring, TheRofe is the piealure of rffeauenly powres, The boy of faire rentes, CytberM darling, Doth wrap his head round with garlands of Role, When to the daunces of the Graces he goes. '^fugeriuA Fusbeck/us fpeaking of the eftimation and honor of the Role , reporreth that the Turkc can by no meanes endure to lee the leauesof Roles fall to the ground, bicaufe that lome of hem haue dreamed,that the firft or mod ancient Role d id fpring of the blood of renin-, and others )ftheMahumetans fay,that it Iprangof the (weate of Mzhumet, Aaaa i 1078 THE third booke of the But there are many kindes of Rofes differing either in thebignelfe of the flowers, or the plant it fclfcjroughnes or frnoothnes, or in the multitude of the flowers, or in the fewnefie, or elle in colour and fmell; for diners of them are high and tail,others fhort and lowe; fome haue fine leaues, others very many. T heophrafltu telleth of a certaine Role growing about Philippi,with an hundred leaues, which the inhabitants brought foorthof Pangaeum, and planted it in Campania, as Ptinie faith, which we hold to be the Holland Rofe,that diuers call the Prouince Rofe, but not properly. Moreouer, fome be red,others white, and molt of them or all,fwectely fuelling,efpecially thole of the gardenjwherefore Strabo Gallia in his little garden doth not only Ipeake of Rofes themfelues. but of the fhootes and fprigs,which he doth call Ft!urnaj/vi iting thus: Jam nifi me feffum via longior indupednet , Scrupeus ataue noui tereretur car minis ordo % Debueram Ftburna Rofe pretiofa met alio Paololi, & niueis e^ira bum ctn undare gemmis. That is in Englifh.- Now were it not,that wearie and a longer way doth let. And of my new deuifed verle were worne the ftonie fet; Ifhould with Patfohuei all andfnowe white Arabian gems, Befet about of Role and tree the pretious fhootes and Hems. Notwithftanding Ftrgdius and oc lurelua IJjmefianus affinne,that Viburnum is a certainekindc offhrubbie tree, little, lowe, tough and bending, who in his firft Eclog commending thecitieoi Rome faith, Verum h ac tant um alias inter caput extulit vrbes } Quantum lent aJolent inter vtburna Cuprefe. Which is thus enghfhed: But * this 3 among other cities and townes 3 Hath fornuch more ftaely borne vphirhead; By how much the Cyprefies carrie their crownes, Aboue the lowe viorns bending (like lead.) And Tpemefianus in his lecond Eclog in thele verfes: 2pps quoque tepropter Donaee donabimur vrbi , Si moio con ;feras inter vt burn a Cup> e[fos, K-Aut inter Pinos C or) lu fronde'cerc fas ejl. W hich are rhustraiilated: And we,0 Donac,i o the towne will giuen be for thee, Ii yet among the lirhie fhrubs a lawtull thing it be For Cyprefle trees with pointed tops their leaues to fhoote. Or Halell trees among the Pines to take their roote. *Romevpon feuen hiis* tfc The deferipfion. F the curious could fo becontent, onegenerall deferiptionmight lerueto diftingutfh the whole ftocke or kiared of the Roles, being things fo wel knowen; notwithftanding I thinke itnot amilfe,to lay fomething of them federally ,in hope to fansfie al.The white Rofe hath very long ftalkes of a woodie fubltance, fet or armed with diuers fharpe pric¬ kles : the branches whereof are Iikewife full of prickles, whereon do growe leaues confift ng offiuc leaues for the molt part, fet vpon a middle rib by couples; the od leafe ftanding at the point of the fame,and euery one of thole Imall leaues fomewhat finpt about the edges, fomewhat rough,and of an oue: worne greenc colour : from the bolome whereof fhoote foorth long footellalkes, whereon do growe very iaire double lowers,of a white colour and very fweete fmell, hauing in the middle a few yellow threads or chiucs; which being palt,there fuc eedeth a long fruit greene at the firlt,red when it is ripe, and fluffed with a downie choking matter, wherein is containedleedeas hard as {tones.The roote is long,tough, and of a woodie fubltance. The red Role groweth very lowe in refped of the former: the ftalkes are fhorter,lmoothcr,and browner of colour: the leaues are like, yet of a worle duftie colour: the flowers growe on t! e tops of the branches,confifting of many leaues,of a perfect red colour: the fruit is Iikewife red when ir. is the roote alfo woodie. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Rofa alba. The White Rofe. IQ79 2 Rofa rubra. The Red Rofe. 3 Rofapr,otiincr&lis .fine Damafccna. The Prouince,or Damaske Rofe. 4 Rofa. prouincialii minor. The Idler Damaske Rofe. io8o THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE $ The common Damaske Rofe in ftature, prickley branches, and in other refpe&es is like the WhiteRofe ; theclpeciall difference confifteth inthecolour andfmcllof the flowers-, forthefe arc ofa pale red colour,and ofa more pleafanc lfnell,and fitter for meate or medicine. 4 The other differeth not,but is altogither leffer: the flowers and fruit are like: the vie in phificke alfo agreeth with the precedent. 5 Rofa fine fpinis. The Role without prickles. The defer ip ton. 5 The Rofe without prickles hath many yoong fhootes comming from the root, di* uiding themfelues into diners branches, tough, and of a woodie fubftance, as are all the reft of theRofes,of the height of flue or fixe cubites, fmooth and plaine without any roughnefle or prickles at alls whereon do growe leaues like thofc of the Holland Rofe, of a fhiningdeepegreene colour on the vpper fide, vnderncath fomewhathoa- rie and hairie. The flowers growe at the tops of the branches, confiftingof an in. finite number of leaues, greater than thofc of the Damaske Role, more double, and of a colour betweene the Rfed and Da- inaske Rofes, of a moft fweete finell. The fruit is rounde, red when it is ripe, and fluff fed with the like flockes and feedes of thofe of the Damaske Rofe. The roote is great, woodie 3 and far fpreading. The deferip to ft. 6 The Holland or Prouince Rofe hath diners fhootes proceeding from a woodie roote, full of fharpe prickles, diuiding it fclfe into diuers branches; whereon do growe leaues confifting of fine leaues fetvpon a rough middlerib, andthofe lhipt about the edges. The flowers grewe on the topsof the branches, infhape and colour like the Damaske Rofe, but greater and more double in fo much that the yellow chines in the middle are hard robefeene; of a reafbnable goodfmeil, but not full fb (weete as the common Damaske Rbfe.The fruit isrlike the ether of hiskihde. We haue in our London gardens one of the red Roles, whole flowers arc in quantitie and beau- tie equall with the former, but of greater eftimation, of a perfect red colour, wherein efpecially it differeth from the Prouince Rofe $ in ftalkes, ftature, and manner of growing it agreeth with our common red Rofe. > 6 Rofi HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 6 Rofa wHandLicafiiue Bataan. The great Holland Rofe,commonly called the great ProuinceRofe loSi & ihepldce. All thefe forrs of Roles wc haue in our London gardens y except thatRofe without pric¬ kles,which as yet is aflranger in Englandc. The double white Role doth growe wilde in many hedges of Lancafhirc in great; abundance 5 euen as Briers do with vs in thefe foutherlyparts, cfpcciallyin a place of the cun- trey called Leylande, and in a place called Roughfoorde, not far hom Latham. Moreouer,in the faicic Leilande fields doth grow our garden Rofe wilde, in the plowed fieldes among the corne in fueh abundance, that there may be gathered daily,du¬ ring the time, manybufhels of Roles, equall with the bell gar¬ den Rofe in each relpect: the thing that giueth great caufe of woonderis,thatinafieIdin the place aforefaid, called Gloucrs fielde, eucry yeere that the field is plowed for corne, that yeere the field will befpred ouer with Rofes y and when it lieth as they cal i t leye,and not plowed, then final there be but fewe Rofes to be gathered: by the relation of a ciiriotfs gentleman there dwelling, fo often remembred in our Hi- ftoric, ft The time. Thefe flower from the end of May to the ende of An guff, and diners times after, by reafon the tops and fuperfiuous branches arc cut away in the end of their flo wring, and then do they fome- rimes flower euen vntill October,and after. ft The names. The Rofe is called in Latine ica/i; in Greeke?^: and the plant itfclfe ooJtiv/a: which in Latinc keepeth the fame name chat the flower hath, and it is called Rodon , as Plutarch faith, bicaule it fen- deth foorth plentie of finell. The middle part of the Rofes,that is, theycllow chines ,or feedcs,and tips, is called iMnthos, and Flos Rofie, the flower of the Rofe: rn fhops ^Mnthera, or the blowing of the Rofe. The white parts of the leaues of the flower it felfe, by which they are faftned to the cups,bc na¬ med Vngites or nailes. That is called Calixpi the Cup, which conteineth and holdeth in togither the yeilow part and leaues of the flower. Alabaflri, are thole parts of the cup which are deepely cut, & that compas the flower clofe about, before it be opened; which be in number fine, two haue beards and two haue none,and the nft hath buthalfe one :moPc do call them Cortices Rofiarumpx. the huskes ofthe Roles. The fhootes of the plant of Rofes, Strabo Gallm in his little garden doth call Viburna, writing as before in theProeme. The white Rofe is called Rofa alba: in Englifh the white Rofe: in high Dutch tlLiof? KOflfCIU in lowe Dutch BCOlCIt i in French Blanche: of Plinie Spineola Rcfiapt Refit Camp ana. The red Rofe is called in Latine Rofa Rubra : of the French men Rfie Franc he, Rofie de Prouzns, a towne in Campaigne: of Plinie Trachiniapx Prxneflina. The DamaskeRofe is called of the Italian sRofkincarnatai in high Dutch Lffbftirfctg# IRoofCtt? in low Dutch ^OUSRCiC IfUsOfC l offome Rofa pron'mctalis pi Role ofProuence : in French offome A a a a 3 Me Ufa ? lo8 % THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE' Melejid, the Rofe of Melaxo a citic in Afia , from whence fome haue thought it was firft brought in- to thefe parts ofEurope. The great Rofe,which is generally called the great Prouince Rofe, which the Dutch men cannot endure 5 for fay they,it came firft out of Holland,and therefore to be called the Holland Role: but by all likelyhood it came from the Damaske Rofe, as a kinde thereof, made better and fairer by art which feemeth to agree with truth. The Rofe without prickles is called in Latinc Rofa fne finis, and maybe called inEnglifh, the Role without thornes, or the Role of Auftrich, bicaufe it was firft brought from Vienna theMe- tropolitane citie of Auftrich,and giuen to that famous herbarift Carolus Clufim. i-: 1 he temperature. The Ieaues of the flowers ofRofesjbicaufe they do confift of diuers partes, haue alfo diners and fundrie faculties$ for there be in them certaine that are earthie and binding,other moift and wate- rie,and fundry that are fpirituall and airie parts ,which notwithftandingarenot all after one fort;for in one kind thefe excell,in another thofe: al of them haue a predominant or ouerruling colde tem¬ perature ,which is neereft to a meane,that is to lay,of fuch as are cold in the firft degree: moyft,airic and Ipirituall parts are predominant in the white RofesJDamaske and Muske. •fc The vertues. A The diftilled water of Rofes is good for the ilrengthening of the hart, and refrefhing of rhe fpi- rits,and likewife for all things that require a gentle cooling. B 1 he fame being put in iunketting dilhes,cakes,fawces,and many other pleafant things, giueth a fine and deferable tafle. C It mitigateth the painc ofrhe eies proceeding of a hot caufe,bringeth fieepe,which alfo the frefli Roles themfelues prouoke through their Iweete and pleafant fmell. 1 > Theiuiceof thefe Roles, efpeci ally of Damaske, doth moue to the lloole, and maketh the belly foluble: but mod effcdually of the Muske Rofes, next to them is the iuice of the Damaske, which is more commonly vfed. E The infufion of them doth the fame, and alio the firupe made thereof called in Latine Dro/atam or Serapium :the Apothecaries call it firupe of Rofes folutiue,which muft be made of the infufion,in which a great number of the leaucs of thefe frefli Rofes are diuers and fundrie times fteeped. F It is profitable to make the belly loofe and foluble, when as either there is no neede of other ftronger purgation, or that it is not fit and expedient to vie it: for be fide s thole excrementswhich ftick to the bowels,or that in the firft: and neereft vaines remaine raw,flegmaticke,and now & then cholcrick-,it purgeth no other excrements,vnlefte it be mixed with certain other ftroger medicines. G This firupe doth moyften and coole, andtherefore italayeth theextremitie of heate in hot bur¬ ning feuers,mitigateth the inflammations of the intrai!es,and quencheth third: it is fcarce good for a weakc and moyd ftcmacke,for it leaueth it more llacke and weakc. H Of like vertue alio are the Ieaues of thefe preferued in Sugar, elpecially if they be onely bruifed with the hands,and diligently tempered with Sugar,and fo heat at the fire rather than boiled. Vr The temperature of Red Rofes. There is in the red Rofes, which are common euery where, and in the other that be of a deepe purple,called Prouince Rofes, a more earthie fubdance, alfo a drying and binding qualitie, yet not without certaine moyfture ioyned, being in them when thcyareasyetfreili, which they lofe when they be dried : for this caufe their iuice and infufion doth alfo make the bodie foluble, yet not fo much as of the others aforefaid. Thefe Roles being dried, and their moydure gone, do binde and drie 5 and likewife coole,but Iclfer than when they are frclTi. -Je The vertues. I They ftrengthen the hart,and helpe the trembling and beating thereof. K They giuedrength to theliuer, kidneies, and other weake intrailes 5 they drie and comfort a vveake ilomacke that is flafliie and moyd5 day the whites and reds, danch bleedings in any part ot the body,day fweatings,binde and loofe, and moyften the body. L And they are put into all kinde of countcrpoyfons and other like medicines, whether they be to be outwardly applied or to be inwardly taken,to which they giue an elfedfuall binding,and certaine drengehening qualitie. M HonieofRofes,or called in Greekcpo^w,which is made ofthem,is mod excellent good for wounds 3 vlccrs ; iirues,and generally for fuch things as haue need to be cfeanfed & dried. 1 - - - The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1083 The oyle doth mitigate all kindcs of hcatc, and will not fuffer inflammations or hot fwellings to A rife,and being rifen it doth at the firft alfwage them. # T he temperature and vertucs of the partes. The flowers or bloomings of Rofes,that is to fay,the yellow haires and tips,do in like maner dric B and binde,and that more effectually than the Ieaucs of the Roles themfelues; the lame temperature the cups and beards be of: but feeing none of thefehaue any fweetelmell, they are not fo profita¬ ble,nor fo familiar or bencficiall to mans nature: notwithstanding in fluxes at the fca,it fhall auaile the Chirurgion greatly, to carrie llore thereof with him, which doth there preuaile much more than at the land. 1 he fame yellow called Anther not only thole laskes and bloodie fluxes which do hap- C pen at the fea, but thofe at the land alfo, andlikewile the white fluxe and red in women, if they be dried,beaten to powder,and two fcruplcs therof giuen in red wine, with a little powder of Ginger added thereto: and being at the lea, for want of red wine you may vfefuch liquor as you can getin fuch extremitie. The little heads or buttons of the Rofes,as Pliny writeth,do alfo Ranch bleeding & flop the Iask. D The nailes or white-cndcs of the Ieaucs, of the flowers,are good for watering eies. E The roote of the wilde Rofc is a lingular remedie (found out by oracle) againft the biting of aF mad dog,as he alfo declareth in his 8,booke 4i.chapter. The iuice, infulion, or decoction ofRofes, are tobe reckoned among thofe medicines which are G foft,gentle, looling, opening and purging gently the belly, which may betaken at all times and in all places,ofeuery kinde or fexc of people,both olde and yoong,without danger or perill. The lirupe made ofthe infufion of Rofes,is a moft lingular and gentle loofing medicine,carrying H downwards choIerickehumors,openeth the Hoppings ofthe liner,helpeth greatly the yellow iaun- dies, the trembling ofthe hart, and taketh away the extreme heate in agues and burning feuers, which is thus made: Take two pound of Roles,the white endes cut away, put them to fteep^ or infufe in fixe pintes of I wariiie water in an open veflell for the Ipacc of twelue howers; then llrainc them out,and put ther- to the like quantitie of Rofes,and warme the water againe,fo let it Hand the like time: do thus fower or Hue times; in the end addc vnto that liquor or infufion, fower pound of fine Sugarinpowdcr; then boyle it vnto the forme of a firupe,vpon a gentle fire, continually ftirring it vntill it be colde; then ftraine it, and keepc it for your vie, whereof may be taken in white wine,or other liquor, from one ounce vnto two. Sirupe of the iuice ofRofes is very profitable for thlf griefes aforefaid,made in this manner: Take Roles,the white nailes cut away,what quantitie you pleafeilamp them,and ftrayne out the L iuyee, the which you fhall put to the fire, adding thereto fugar, according to the quantitie of the iuyce.-boiling them on a gentle fire vnto a good confiftence. Vnto thele firupes you may adde a few drops of oyle of Vitriol, which giueth it a moft beau- M tifull colour, and alfo helpeth the force in cooling hot and burning feuers and agues: you likewife may adde thereto a finall quantitie of the iuiceofLimons,which doth the like. Theconfcrueof Roles as well that which is crude and rawe, as that which is made by ebullition N or boyling, taken in the morning falling, and laft at night, fttengtheneth the hart,and taketh away the fhaking and trembling thereof, llrengtheneth the liner, kidneies, and other weake intrailes, comforteth a weake ftomacke that is moyft and rawe; fhieth the whites and reds in women,and in a word,is th e moll familiar thing to be vfed for the purpoles aforefaid, and is thus made ; Take the leauesofRolesjthenailescutoffjOnepound, put intoacleanepan; then put thereto Q a pinte and a halfe of fealding water, llirring them togither with a wooden flicc, fo let them ftande to macerate dole couered fome two or three howers; then fet them to the fire {lowly tc boyle, ad- di ng thereto three pounds of fugar in powder, letting them fo fimper togither according to difere^ tion,fome hovver or more,then keepe it for your vie. The fame made another way,but better by many degrees; Take Rofes at your pleafiire,put them p to boyle in faire water, hailing regard to the quantitie; for if you haue many Roles, you may take the more water;if fewer, the lelfe water will ferue : the which you fhall boyle at the lead three or fower howers ,euen as you would boyle a peece of meate, vntill in the eating they be very tender, at which time the Rofes will lole their colour, that you would thinke your labour loll, and the thing marred. But proceede, for though the Rofes haue loll their colour, the water hath gotten the A a a a 4 - tincture 1084 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE tinChire thereof; then (hall you adde vnto one pounde of Rofes fower pounde of finefugarin pure powder, and fo according to the teil of the Rofes. Thus fhall you let them boyle gently after the Sugar is put thereto, continually flirring it with a wooden Spatula vntill it be cold, wherof one pound waightis woorth fixe pound of the crude or rawe conferue, as well for the vertues and goodnes in tafte,as aKb for the beautiful! colour. q_ The making of the crude or rawe conlerue is very wellknowen, as alfo Sugar rofet, anddiuers other pretie things made of Rofes and Sugar, which are impertinent vnto ourhiftorie, bieaufe I in¬ tend neither to makejthercof an Apothecaries (hop, nor a Sugar bakers ftorehoufe, leauing the reft for our cunning confectioners. Of the Roses. Cbap.z. 7 he kindes. T Here be diners fortes ofRofes planted in gardens,befides thole written of in the former chap¬ ter, which are of itioll writers reckoned among the wilde Ro(es,norwithftanding we thinke it conuenient to put them in a chapter betweene-tholeof the garden and the brier Rofes, as indiffe¬ rent whether to make them of the wilde Rofes,or of the tame, feeing we haue made them denizons in our gardens for diners refpeCts,and that woorthily. I Rofci Cfttofch it aJimplici The tingle Muske Role. 2 Rofa Mofc ' at a multiplex. The double Muske Role. Thedcfcriftion. I PP He (ingle Muske Rofe hath diners long (hootesof a greenifh colourand woodic fub- I fiance,armed with very fharpe prickles, diuiding it felfe into diuers branches: whereon do growe long leaues,fmooth and fhining,made of diuers leaues fet vpon a middle rib,like the other Rofes.T he flowers growe on rhe tops of the branches of a white colour, and pleafant fwectc fmelflike that of Mtaskc, whereof it cooke his name 5 hauing certaine yellow feedes in the middle,as the red ofthe Rofes haue. The fruit is ted when it is ripe, and filled with Tuch chaffie flockesand I cedes as t-hofc of the other Redes, l he roote is tough and wcodie. 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 16^5 2 The double Muske Role differeth not from the precedent,in leaues, (hikes, and rootes , nor ni - the colour of the flowers,or fwcetenes thereof, but onely in the doublenes of the flowers, wherein confifteth the difference. Ofthefe Roles wchauc another in our London gardens, whichtof moll is called the bin'll. Rofe.: itflowreth when the Damask Role doth. The flowers heerof at e very fingle,greater then the other Muske Roles, and of a white colour, dafhtouer with a light wafh or carnation , which maketh that colour, which wc call a blufh colour. The proportion of the whole plant, as alfo the fmeli of the flovvers,are like the precedent. 3 Rofa Holofericea. 4 Roft lutea. , The veluet Role. The yellow Role. •fr The description. 3 The veluet Role groweth alwa’es very low,,like vnto the red Role, halting his branches couered with a cerraine hairieor prickly matter,as fine as haires,yet not fo fharpeor ftifre,that it will harme the mofl tender skin that is : the leaues are like the leaues of the white Rofe : the flowers growe at the top ofthelhlks, doubled with fomeyellowe thrums inthemidit, ofadeepcandblackered co¬ lour,tefembling red crimfon veluet,whereupon fome haue called it the Veluet Rofe: when die flo¬ wers be vaded, there followe red berries full of hard leedcs, wrapped in a downe or woollines like the others. 4 The yellow Rofe which (as d iuer s do report)was by Art fo coloured, and altered from h is CaLk eflate,by grafting a wilde Role vpon a Broome ftalke; whereby (fay they) it doth not onelychmge htstcolour^ujc his linell and forces. But for my part I hauing found the contrarie bvmine ow:.e ex¬ perience c astmot Be induced to beleeue the report: for the rootes and ofsprings of this Rofe haue broughtfoorrh yellow Rofes/uch as the mamc ftocke or mother bringeth out, whicheuemris hoc toheioene in ah other plants rhat haue heenegr^ed. Moreouer,thefeedes of yellow Rofe,s haue broughtfoordi yeiiow Rofes , fhch as die flower was from whence they were taken 5 which drey woulde ioU THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE woulde not dobyanyconie&urallreafon, if that of themfelues they were not a naturall kinde of Rofe. Laftly,it were contrary to that true principle. Nature Jesuitur femina quodque Jua, that is tofaie: Eucrie feede and plant bringeth foorth fruit like vnto it feife, both in fhape and nature: but leaning that errour,I will proceed to thedefcription. Theyellow Rofe hath browne and pricklie ftalkes or fhootes, fiue or fixecubites high,garnifhed with many leaues,like vnto the Musk Rofe,of an excel- lent fweete fmell, and moreplealant thentheleauesof the Eglantine: the flowers come foorth among the leaues, and at the top of the branches of a faire golde yellovve colour: the thrums in the middle,are alfo yellow ,which being gone,there follow fuch knops or heads,as the other Rofes bear, # Thedefcription. 5 The Canell or Cinnamon) Rofe, or the Rofe Imelling like Cinnamom, hath fhootes of a browne colour, fower cubits high, befet with thorney prickles, and leaues like vnto thole of Eglantine, but fmaller and greener, of the fanout or fmell of Cinnamom,wherof it tooke his name, and notofthelhnell of his flowers (as feme haue deemed) which haue little or no fauour at all: the flowers be exceeding double, and yellow in the middle, of a pale red colour, and lometimes of a carnation: the roote is ofa woodie fubftance. Wc haue in our London gardens another Cinnamom or CanellRofc, not differing from the laffc delcribedin any relped, but onely in the doublenefle of the flowers 5 for as the other hath very double flowers : contrariwile thefe of this plant are very Angle,wherein is the difference. ie The place. Thefe Rofes are planted in our London gar- dens^and elfewhere,but not found wilde in Eng¬ land. # 7 he time. The MuskcRofe flowreth in Autume, or the fall of the Ieafe: the reft flower when the Damask and red Rofe do. it The names. The firft is called Rofa Mofch&tapR the fmell of Muske,as w’e haue faid: in Italian Rofa Mofchetta: in French Rofes Mufqitee $, or Mujcadetles: in low Dutch Spuffftt Eoaftmin Englifh Muske Role: the Latin & Englifh titles may feruc for the reft. The temperature. The Muske Rofe is cold in the firft degree,wherein airic and fpirituall parts are predominant: the reft are referred to the Brier Rofe,and Eglantine. •He The vertues. Conferue or firupe made of the Muske Rofe, inmaner as before toldc in the Damaskeand red Rofes; doth purge very migh tily waterifh humours,yet fafely, and without all danger, taken in the quantitie of an ounce in weight. The leaues of the flowers eaten in the morning,in maner of a falladc,with oile, vineger &: pepper, or any other way according to the appetite Stpleafure of them that fhall eate irjpurgeth very nota¬ bly the belly of waterifh and cholericke humours,andthat mightily,yet without all peril! or paine at alljinfbmuch as the fimpleft may vfe the quantitie,according to their owne fancie; for if they do de¬ fire manie ftooks 3 or fieges 3 they are to eate the greater quantitie of the leaues, if fewer, the leflc quantities 5 Rofa Cmamomeaplenofore. The double Cinnamom Rofe. HIS TO RIE OF PLANTS. 1087 quantities for example: the Ieaues of cwclue or fowerteene flowers giuc fixe or eight ftooles, and to increasing or diminithing the quantitie,more or fewer,as my felfe haue often prooued. The white Ieaues (lamped in a wooden difh with a peece of Allum andtheiuice drained foorth C into feme g!a(ed veflell, dried in the fhadow and kept, is the mod fine and pleafant yellow colour that may be deuifed,not onely to limne or wafh pi&ures and Imagerie in books, but alio to colour meates and fawces,which notwithdanding the Allum is very holfome. There is not any thing extant of the others, but are thought to be equall with the white MuskeD Rofc, whereof they are taken and holden to be kinds. Of the wide d^ojes. Chap . 3 . Thekindes. There be diuers forts of the wilde Ro(cs,differing verie notablie as well in flowers ,fmel,as dature. I Rofafylueflruodora. The Eglantine,or fwcete Brier. 2 Rcja Canma inodora. The Brier Role,or Hep tree. 'k The defer if tion. 1 h “r‘ , He fweete Brier doth oftentimes grow higher then all the kindes of Rofcs ; the fhootes of I it are hard,thicke,and woodie; the Ieaues are glittering, and of a beautiful! greene colour, of fmellmod pleafant: theRofes are little, fiueleafed, mod commonly whirifh, feldome tending to purple, of little or no fmell at all: thefruite is long, of colour (bmewhat red, like a litrle Oliue done, and like the liule heads or berries of the others, but lefler then thofe of the garden 5111 which is contained rough cotton, or hairie downe and feede, folded and wrapped vp in the fame, which is fmall and hard. There be likewife found about the (lender (hoots heerof, rounde, ioit, and hairie fpunges, which we call Brier bals, fuch as grow about the prickles of the Dog Role. Wehatie in our London gardens another fwcete Brier,hauing greater Ieaues, and much fwee- ter : the flowers likewife are greater,and (omwhat doubled, exceeding fweete of fmell,wherin it dif- fereth from the former. 2 The Brier Bu(h or Hep tree, is alfo called Rofa, Canixa, which is a plant fo common and well know ne a iM THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE knowne 3 tliat it were to final! purpofe to vfe many words in the defcription theroflfor etien children with great delight eatc the berries thereofwhen they be ripe, make chaincs and other pretie gew* gawesof the fruite: cookes and gentlewomen make Tarts and fuch like difhes for pleasure thereof and therefore this fhall fuffice for the defcription. k The defcription. 3 The Pimpernell Rofe is likevvife one of the wilde ones , whofc ftaikes fhoote foorrhof the ground in many places, of the height of two or three cubits,of a brewne colour, and armed with fharpe prickles, which diuide themfelues to- wardethe tops into diners branches, wheron do grow leaues, confifting of diners ffnall ones, fet vpon a middle rib like thofeof Burner, which is called in Latine Pimpwefla, whereupon it was cal¬ led Rofa Fimpinellapho. Burnet Rofe. The flowers grow at the tops of the branches, of a white co¬ lour, very Angle', and like vnto thofeof the Brier or Hep treej after which come the fruite, blacke, contrary to all the reft of the Rofes, rounde as an apple; whereupon fome haue called it Rofa Pomi - fera, or the Rofe bearing Apples: wherein is con* teined (cede, wrapped in chafheor flockiemat- ter, like that of the Brier. The roote is tough and woodie. k 7 heplace. Thefe wilde Rofes do growe in the borders of fieldes and woods,in mofl parts of England. The laftgroweth very plentifully in afleldeasyougo from a village in Eflex, called Graies ( vpon the brinkeof the riuer Thames) vnto Horndonon the hill, inlomuch that the fielde is full fraught therewith allouer. It growerh likewife in a pafttire as you go from a village hard by London called Knights bridge,vnto Fulham, a village thereby,and in many orher places. We haue them all except the Brier bufh,in our London gardens, which wethinke vmvoorthie the place*. k The time. They flower and ftourifh with die other Rofes. k T he names. The Eglantine Rofe which is Cynorrhodi , or Canine Rofa ftecies, a kinde of Dogs Rofe, and Rofa fylueftris , the wilde Rofe: in low Dutch (Lg?nnt!CT X in French Efglentinc , and as Ruellwd teftifkith Englenterium, who aifo fufpeð it to be Cynosbaton , or Camrubus , of which Diofcor ides hath written in thefe wordes; Cynosbatns, or Canirubeu, which fome call Oxycantha, is a fhrub growing like a tree,full of prickles,with a white flower,long fruite like an oliue ftonc 5 red when it is ripe and downie within: in Englifh Eglantine,or fweete Brier. The fpungie bals which are found vpon the branches,are mofl aptly and properly called Spongi - ola fylueftris Rofa, the little fpunges of the wilde Rofe: the fhops miftake it by the name of Bedeguar * for Bedeguar among the Arabians is a kinde of Thiftle,which is called in Greeke«^6<* a wm , that is. Spina al'oaftnz white Thiftle: not the white Thorne,though the word do import no lefle. The Brier or Hep tree is called Sylueftris Rofa. the wilde Rofe: in high Dutch SRKtRJSlt J&flfClU in French Rofesfauuages: Phnie in his 8 bookeand2 5 . chapter faith, that iris Rofa Cams?a, Dogs Rofe: of diners Canina fentis , or Dogs Thorne: in Englifh Brier bufh, and Hep tree: the Iaft hath beenc touched in the defcription. '~' ; ~ ' . kTht 3 Rofa PimpimUd. . The Pimpernell Rofe* historie of plants. 1089 # The temperature and 'Verities. The faculties of thefcwildeRofes are referred to the manured Kbfe, but not vfed in Phificke A where the other may be had: notwithftanding Pliny affirmeth that the rco te of the Brier bnfh is a fingular remedy found out by Orade,againft the biting ofa mad dogge, which he fetteth downe in his S.bookc,41.chapter. Thcfamcauthoraffinnctliinhis25. bookefeconde chapter, that the little fpungie Brier ball B (lamped with hony and afhes,doth caufe haires to grow which are fallen away through the difeafe called ^Alopecia, or the Foxes euil!,or in p!aine tearmes,the French pockes. Pitchfws affirmeth,that the fpungie excrefcence or bail,growing vpon the Brier,are good againft C the ftone and ftranginyjifthey be beaten to povvdcr,and inwardly taken. They are good not as they be diutetikes,or protiokers of vrine 5 or as they are wearers away of D the ftone,but as certaine other binding p/iedicincs that ftrengthen the vveake and feeble kidneyes, which do no more good to thole that be fubiedfe to the ftone,<then many of the diurctickes, efpcci- allyofthe ftiogerforr:for by too muehvfingof dinretickes or piffing medicines,it hapneth that the kidneies are ouerwcakned s and oftentimes too much heatedjby which meanes notonely the ftoncs are not diminillaed, worneaway, ordriuenfooith, but oftentimes arc alffi increafed,and made more hard: for they feparate and takeaway that which in the blond is thinne, watery, and as is were whayifn; and the thicker part, the ftrongcr forts of diuretikes do drawe togicher and make hard; and in like manor alfo others that are notlo ftrong,by the ouermuch vfin g of them, as Galen in his fift booke of the faculties offimplc medicines doth report. The fruit when it is ripe maketh mod plcafant meates and banketting difhes, as Tartcs and fuch E like: the making yvherofl commit to the cunning Cooke, and the teeth to cate themin the rich mans mouth. Of the © ramble ,or blacky © erne © ufh. Chap. 2 . ie The kinder. There be diuers forts of Brambles,as (hall be declared. I Rub us. 2 Rubtis idxtis. i he Bramble Bufh. TheRafpis bufh,or Hindberrie. %Th io$o THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •&Thc defcription . 1 / ”T“ T He common Bramble bringeth foorth {lender branches , long , tough, eafily bowed, | ramping among hedges, and whatloeuer ftandeth neerevntoit, armed with harde and fharpe prickles: whereon do grow leaues, confiding ofmanyfet vpon a rough middle rib, greeneon the vpper fide,and vnderneath lomething white: on the tops of the ftalkes dande cer- taine flowers,in llaapc like thole ofthe brier Role,but leder, of colour white, and fometimes walht ouer with a little purple: the fruite or berrie is like thole of the lVlulberie 3 fird red jblacke when iris ripe,intaftebetweenefweete andlower, very loft and full of graines: thcrootecreepethandfen- deth foorth heere and there yoong fpringes. 2 The Rafpis or Framboile bufh hath leaues and branches not much vnlike the common Bram¬ ble, but not lo rough nor prickly, and lometimes without anyprickes at all, hauing oncly a rough hairines about the dalks: the fruit in fhape and proportion is like thole of the Bramble, red when they be ripe,and couered ouer with a little downjnes, of taftc not very pleafant: the roote creepeth far abroad, wheicby it greatly increafeth. 3 Rubui S&x&tilis. Stone blacke Berrie tree. 4 Chamtmorm. Knot Berrrie tree. # 1'he difeviption. 3 Stone Braml le feldome groweth abouc a foote high ,hauing many final flexible branches trai* ling vpon the ground , couered with a reddilh barke, and fomwhat hairie: the leaues grow three together,fet vpon tender naked foorcdalks; fomwhat fnipt about the edges:the flowers grow at the endcsof the branches, confiding of fowerfinall white leaues, like thofc ofthe Cherrictree: after which come final! grapelike fruite, confiding of one, two, or three graines fettogither, as thofe of the common Bramble, of a red colour when they be ripe, and of a pleafanc tade,but iome- whatallringent: the rootes crcepe along in the grounde veriefarre abroade, whereby it greatly uicjealctii. 4 4 ch&m*rMrut HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1091 4 chamamorus called in the north part of Englande (where they efpecially do growe) Knotbcr' ries, and Knought berries, is likewiie oneof the Brambles, though withourprickles : ltbiinget 11 foorth fmall weake branches or tender ftems,ofa foote high; whereon do grow at certaine Allian¬ ces, rough leaues, in fhape like thofe of the Mallow, not vnlike to theleaues of the Gooieberne bufh : on the top of each branch llandeth one flower and no more, confiftingof flue final! leaues, ofadarke purple colour; which being fallen, the fruitefucceedeth, like vnto that of the Mulbe- ■ r ie (whereofit was called chamjtmorus, dwarffe Mulberie) at the fir (1 white and bitter, after led* andfomewhatpleafant: the rooteislong, fomething knottie; from which knots or ioints thiuft foorth a fewe threadie firings. k The place. The Bramble groweth for themofl part in eueiy hedge and bufh. TheRafpis is planted in gardens; it groweth not wilde that I know of, except in the fieldebya village in Lancafhirc called Harwood,not farre from Blackburne. I haue found it among thebufhes of a cawfey, neere vnto a village called Wiflerfon, where I went to fchoole,two miles from the Nantwitch in Chefhire. The (lone bramble I haue found in diners fieldes in the He of Thanet, hardeby a village called Birchinton neere Queakes houfe, fometimesSir Henrte Cnfpes dwelling place. Knot berries do lone open fnowie hi!s, and mountaines : it groweth plentifully vpon Ingle- borough hils’among the Heath and Ling, twelue miles from Lancaflcr, being thought to be the higheft hill in England. It groweth vpon Stanemoore betweene Yorkefhire and Weflmerland, and vpon other wet Pels and Mountaines. klhi time. ( Thefe flower in Maie and Iune with the Roles: their fruite is ripe in the ende of Auguft and Sep¬ tember. k The names. The Bramble is called in Greeke R«V*:in French Rouges , LoiDuyts Brelmcrs : in Latine Rubm, and Sentiiy and f'epres,zs Omdw ritethin hisfirfl bookeofhis Metamorphofis: Aut lepon, qui vepre latens hojlilia cermt Ora tan urn. Or to an Hare,which vnder A bramble clofely lies, And thence of dogs a number * The Hares 1 he * hoflile mouths elpies. open enimies. Of diners it is called Cynoslatus,but not properly, for Cynosbatus is the wilde Role, as we haue writ¬ ten : in high Dutch in low D.itch X in French Rouce : in Italian Carz,x : in Eu- glifh Bramble Bufh,and Blackeberrie Bufh. The fruit is named in Latine Morum Rub/: and as Fuchjhti thinketh Vacinium, but not propcrlv: infhops Mora Bat/: and in fuch Chops as are more barbarous Mora Baft/: inEnglifh Blackberries. The Raimis is called in Greeke Bam IMa- in Latine Rubus Idtus, of the mountaine Ida on which it groweth: in Englifh Rafpis, Framboife,and Hmdberrie. k The tern per atur e and verities. The yoong buds or tender tops of the Bramble Bufh,the flowers,the leaues,and the vnripe fruit, \ do \ ery much dry and binde withall: being chewed they take away the heate and inflammations of the mouth,and almonds of the throte;:hey flay the bloudy flixe, and other fluxes, and all maner of bleedings ;of the fame force is their decodlion, with a little honic added. They heale the eies that hang out; hard knots in the fundament; and ftaie the hermorrhoides, if jg theleaues belaid thereunto. The iuice which is prefled out of the ftalkes,leaues,and vnripe berries,and made hard in the fun, Q is more efFecluall for all thofe things. The ripe fruite is fweete, and containeth in it much iuice of a temperate heate, therefore it is not ]) vnpleafant to be eaten. , It hath alfo a certaine kinde of attrition or binding qualitie. j? It is likewife for that caufe holfome for the ftomacke; and if a man eate too largely thereof, faith p Galen, he fhallhaue the headach: but being dried whilert it is yet vnripe, it bindeth and drieth more then the ripe fruit. Therootebefidesthatitisbinding,containethinitmuchthinfubflance, by reafbn whereof it G waft eth awaie the ftones in the kidneies a faith Galen, / tUnie 0 in i°P2 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Tlinte writeth that the berries and flowers do prouoke vrine, and that the deco&ion of them wine^is a prefent remedic againft the ftone. > r tnem m I h i! e i UeS 0 ft hc B » mb i e boi,ed ™ ter with honie,aIIum, and a little white wine added ther. > akcth a moft excellent lotion or wafhing water,to heale the fores in the mouth;:he priuy pact' oi man oi woman; and faftneth the teeth. * yP art - The Rafpis is thought to be like the Bramble,in temperature and vertues, but not fo much hin dnig nor drying. 1 he lame faith Diofcortdes performed thofe things that the Bramble doth I he fruit is good to be giucn to thofe that haue weake and queafie ftqmackes. Of Hollie c RpJes > or Ciftus. Chap .3. Thekindes. I jhts hath hcene taken ofdiuers to be a kinde ofRofes: theolde writers haue made two forts thereof Male and Female; and hkewife a thirde fort, which is called Ledum: the later Hetba rifts haue difeouered diners mo,as (hall be declared. C * A g^eralldefcription i wherein all,the forts of Cl Hus are comprifed. C /i?^ and his kinds are woody (tabs, full of branches ,ofthe height oftwo or three cu- blC /i:I i mC ! ha i UC bro l d r [ eaues 5 ° f theri rough,vneeuen,wrinckled, fomewhatdownie anc , , r T“ o thC leaues ^Sage 3 akhough fome hauethe leaues ofRofemarie 5 others the form of thofe of the ft oplar tree: the flowers growe on the tops ofthe branches, like vnto the wilde Ro“ yet fuc.ras very quickly.ade perifii, and fall away .-thole ofthe Male, are moft ofareddifh blew or purple co.our; and ofthe Female white: in their places come vp little heads or loops fomewhai round, in which is conteined (mall feede j the rootes of them all are woodic P 31 There growethvp fom times vrider the fbrub harde to the.roots,acertaine excrefcencc or hvoo- cifte,which is tbicke,iat,grofie, full of mice, without leauespvholyconfifting ofmanie little cafes or boxe.^, as do thofe ot Henbane, or of the Pomegranate tree, of a yellowifh red colour hfonc kmdejand m another white; and m cettaine ether greene or graffie.as Dio/,cor.ides faith. ’ 'k 7 he dejeription. l J Me firft ^cofc^growethvplikeafinallbufhorrhrub^fawoodiefubftance three I or Fowei-cubics high 5 garniftied with many fmall and brittle branches.fetfullof crumpled or rugged .eaues,very like vnto Sage leaues: at the top of the branches come flowers of a p irpie colour, m fhape .ike vnto a Angle Brier Rofe,hauing leaues fomwhat wrinckled, like a clorh new dried bc.orcu be Imooched,andin themidft afewe yellow chiues or thrums: the flowers for ifie moft part do penih and rah away before noone,and neuer ceafe flowring, in Rich maner, from the moneth ot Maie vnto the beginning of September, at which time the feede is ripe, being of a icudifh colour,and is contained in an hard haine husfee,not much vnlike the huske of Henbane - The iecond fort of CiHus being another kinde ofthe Male cifim, which Pena calleth Ciflus mas bypccntide, is like vnto the former: hnrrW fnn-, „ n l • i r ° i f 1 o///^,wijitu rena caucih at us ma cumhypcc,_(tide, is like vnto the former; but that from the roote of this kinde there conuneth a cer tame excrefccnce or outgrowing,which is fomtimes yellow,fometimes greene,&fomtimeswhite t:om which is drawne by an artificial! extradtion a certaine juice,called in fhops Hypccif.U 3 This kind of Ciflm hath many woody ftalks.diuidcd into diners brittle braches-ofaruflet colour whereon do grow rough leaues iomwhat cut or toothed on the edges,and of an ouerwomecolow the flowers grow on the tops ofthe branches in form of theMuskc Rofe,bur ofan excellent briph, purple colour.-after which come round knops, wherein is contained fmallreddifh feede: therootl is tough and woodie. ' 4 This fourth fort of Ciflm hath diners woodie branches, whereon arc fet thicke thruft tooithei diuers fmall leaues, narrow,like thofe of winter Sauorie,but of an ouerworne ruftet cdlour:the rod and flowers ate like the precedent. 0 I Cijlm HIS TOME OF RLAlbBTS. I CtHm mas an^uflifolius. The male HoiiyKoie. \\v i ^ 3 C iff us mas dent at us. Toothed or fnipt male Ciftus. 10 91 2 Cift us mas cury Hypociftide . The male Hoiiv R.ofe with his e.vnrfrfr/» nc c, 4 Ctfui mas ten.ufoUits. Thin leafed Ciftus. s? iop4 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 5 Ctjlm f (emina,. The female Ciftus. 6 Cijluifoemina. Mdthioli. Mcithiolus his female Ciftus. % The defertption* 5 The firft of the females is like vnto the firft male Ciftus in each refpe&,fauing that the flowers heercof are of a white colour, with diners yellowe thrums in the middle, and the others purple, wherein confifteth the difference. 6 The feeond female of Mathiolus delcription, hath many hard and woodie ftalkes, branched with diners armes or winges: whereon are fet by couples,rough ,hoarie and hairie Ieaues,of adarke ruflet colour j among which come foorth final! white flowers, like vnto thofe of thelaffnin: the roote is tough and woodie. 7 1 he feuenth fort of Ciftus groweth vp to the height of a fmall hedge bufh, hailing diuers brittle branches full ofpith; whereon are let Icaues by couples, like thofe of feaPurftane, that isrofaie, fofr, hoarie, and as it were couered ouerwith akindeofmealines: the flowers are likewife white, and therefore one of the females,as be all the others with white flowers. 8 Ciftus the eight,hath likewife fhrubbie ftalkes, in manerofa hedge tree; whereon dogrow at certaine diftanccs diuers leaues clofe joined togithcr at the ftaike: the flowers we haue not expref- fed in the figure by reafon we haue nocertaine knowledge of them. 9 This ninth Ciftus is likewife a woodie fhrub; the ftalkes are very brittle,as are all the reft of his kinde: whereon do grow very fmall leaues like thofe of Time : the flowers are white,which makech it one of the females. 10 The lowe or bale Ciftus with broade Icaues, grewethlike a fmall fhrub, yet of a woody jub¬ ilance ; the leaues are many,of a darkc greenc colour : the flowers are in forme like the others ;but of a yellow colour: the roores are likewife woodie. 7 CillM HIS TO R IE OF 7 Ctfittsfolio Halimi* Ciftus with leaue’s like Sea Pur (lane. $ Ciftus folio Thj/mi. Ciftus with the Ieaues ofThyme 1 . PLANTS. 8 Ciftusfolio LamnduU. Lauander leafed Ciftus, I o Ciftus hum Ms Utifolius. Low Ciftus with broad Ieaues. tops THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE II Ciftushwnilis angitftifolitu. 12 Ciftus bumstisAuftmcaCtusi ]. Low Ciftus with narrowe leaues. Low Ciftus of Auftrich. 11 This narrow leafed low Ciftus hath diuers tough branches leaning to the grounde, whereon do grow many fmall narrow leaues fom what long,of a gummietafte atthefirft 4 afterwardes bitter; the flowers grow on the tops of the branches of a yellow colour, confuting of flue leaues,with cet- taine chines in the middle; after which follow three fquare cods or feede veflels: the roote is tough andwoodie. 12 The low or bafe Ciftus of Auftrich,groweth likewife leaning to the ground, hailing many woo- die branches, very firme & tough,couered with a blackifh barkc; wheron do grow very many rough and hairieleaues in fhape like tholeof the final Myrtrl!,of a itiining green on the vpperfide,& of an aftringent tafte; on euery branch ftandeth one flower,(eldome two, in forme like the other,but of a white colour tending to a flefh colour. 13 This low fort of Ciftus hath many long,tough branches trailing vpon the ground, of a red- diiti colour; whereon do grow fmall leaues like thofe of vvilde Time, of a darke greene colour ;very thicke and fat,and foinewhat hairie: the flowers grow at the top of the branches,of a yellow golds colour, confifting of fiue fmall leaues, of a very fweete finell: the roote is thicke, harde, and woodie. 14 This ftrange and rare plant of L'Obels obferuation, I haue thought meete to beinferted among the kinds of Ciftus,as a friend of theirs, ifnotone of the kinder it hath leaues like vntothe male Ciftus (the firft in this Chapter defcribed)but more hairie; bearing at the top of his branches a finall knop, in fhape like a rotten Strawberie; but not of the fame fubftance: for it is compadfc of afealie or chaftie matter, luchas is in the middle of the Gammomill flowers, and cfa ruflet co¬ lour. 13 Ciftm HISTORIE OF PLANTS. „<>< *3 CM^tmiltiJirpillifilio CiFtutexotica VObela. Low Ciftus with Icaues like mldc Thyme, rote* his Itemg/ciftus. CiHtti adulterim. Counterfeit Ciftus. tJMyrtociBitf Thorn a Pennei An^lL The Reuerende D .Penny his Ciftus.’ ,icpS THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The defection. 35 This adulterine or countcrfeite or forged Ciftus , growetb to the height of an hedge biifh : the branches are long and brittle, whereon do growelong leaues like thofe of the Willow, of an ouerworne ruftet colour. The flowers are fmall, confifting of flue little yellow leaues. The whole plant being well viewed, feemeth to be a Willow-, but at the firft fight, one of the Ciftus 5 fo-that it is a plant participating of both.The roote is woodie. 1 6 Tins kinde of Ciftus, which Dodfor Pennie ( a famous Phifition of London deceafed) did gather vpon the Lands Maiorica or Majorca, and called it by the name mvpttx/sw, in Latine c fttyrto- sijlu'. Baleancaj. s afhrubby tree, growing to the height of three cubites,hauing a very rough barkc, bciCtrotind about with rough &fcabbed wanes, which bark will of it felfeeafilv rail away from the oldebranchefrCJtbgughesol the tree. Theleauesof this tree are almoftiuethem of Myrtus , very rough vnderneatlrlikfc the branches aforefaid: but the leaues that growe higher, and towards the top of the branches are finoothc, growing about the branches very thickc togither, as in the other kinde'sof Ciftus. The flowers are yellow, growing on die top of the twigs, confifting of flue long leaues, fullof many very long chiues within. When the flowers be vaded, there folio we t-h a very long and hue fqtiare head or huske, full of ieede, The whole tree is very fweece,out of which ifliieth a gum or rofine,or rather a thicke, clammie and 1 at iuice, filch as commeth foorth of the kindes of Ltsdum, 17 Cittus annum. Ciftus iafting one yeerc. 18 C'tjlmannuuslongsfolim UObelij. Long leafed yeerely Ciftus. •ft The defers ft ton. ij This annual! Ciftus groweth vp from feede with one vpright ftalke to the height of a cubite, oftenrirnes diuided into other fmall branches: whereon do growe rough leaues fomewbat long, of a darke greene colour. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes, confifting of flue fmall ye.'lcw leaues: which being paft, there foiloweth a three fquare feed veftellfull of linail reddifh feede. 1 he roote is woodie 3 yet doth itperifh when the feede is peTeded. 18 This HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 1099 17 This other Ciftus that lafteth but oneyere 5 hath long ftalks, diuidcd intoother branchcfjoi'ihc height of two cubits, whereon cJo grow long rough leaues, fee thqee togitiier at cercaftc diftaucc-, the middlemoft whereof is longer then the other twoj the Sowers groweon the fides of the bran¬ ches like the female Ciftus,of a white colour : the roote is of a woodie fubftahee, as are all the reft ofhiskinde. ✓ & The place. Hollie Roles grow in Italy,Spaine,and Languedoc 3 and in the countries bordering vpon theri- nerPadus, inall Hetnuia and Maffi!es,and in many other of the hotter prouinces or Europe, in dry and dome places 5 varymg infinitely according to the diuerfitie of the regions where they grew; of which I haue two forts in my garden, that is the firft and the laft but one. The time. They ftowerfrom Maie to September. 4 1 t & The names. The HollieRofe is callcdin Grceke.'wVof, or rJsfa: in Latine alfo Ciftus, and Ro/k ftluaticaa, of di¬ ners Rofta Canina , as Scnbonim Largus writefh, but not properly : in Spanifh Eft e fa : of the Porttn- galcs R flla: in Englilh Hollie Role, and Ciftus after thcGreeke name. That Fungus txcreftcns which groweth at the roote of Ciftus,is called in Greek bicaufe it grovyeth vnder the fhrub Ciftus ; : it is alio called Ljmodcron-: diu'ers-callitwV.m, 'among whom is Paula* Egi.net a , who heerof; wher- name this iuice alfo doth not call that Hypoc/ftisw hich groweth vnder the fnrub Ctslm, but the iuice upon might grow the worde Hypccisiis > by which the Apothecaries do rudely nr when it is hardned : of fome it is called Erithananpcitmus and Hypoquiftidos. ft The tem; era t ure . Ciftus as Galen faith,doth greatly dric, necre hand in the fecond degree,and it is of that cole that it hath withal! aTeffiperate iieate; the leaucs and the firft buds being beaten, do onely dric nes, and bindc,in fitch fort as they may ciofe vp vlcers,and ioine togither new wounds. G- it '% The vermes. The flowers are of mdft force,whichbeing drunke with wine, are good againft the bloudy flixe, ^ weakenes of the belly 5 fluxe« i and' / o«erflovvuigs' of ir.oift humours. d hey cure putrified ? vlccrs,being applied m mancrof a pi'liis-.Dio/coftdes tcacheth that they area j> remedie for eating vlcers jcailed'in'Greeke bydt ,being annointed thciwkh, and that they cure bur- nmgSjfca-klingSjahdoId vlc-ets;?/ '! • . i^^/EAsis inuclrnyorebindiiig', it is a tyre remedie For all infirmities that come of fluxes, as q voiding of bloud,th-e whites,thelaske,and the bloudic tlixe: but,if it berequifite to ftrengthen that part.wSuich is ouerweakneti with ajuperfluous moifture, it doth notably comfort & ftrengthen the fame. It is ejceelbent to beami-xed with fomentations that ferue for the ftomacke and liner. , •£) It is put into the Treacle of vipers,to the end it fliould comfort and ftrengthen vveake bodies, as £ Galen '.vriteth. Of other Plants reckoned for dwarfe lands of Cisins. Chap. a . ■. w- “ ft, : h " V. r ' ' . ' - The deferiptiotf. 1 r *T"GTe Englifn dwarfre Cifttis^called oSft'Obdws Fanaxchironiwn , but there is,another Pa- nax of chnrons defeription , which I hold to be the true and right Fanax ; notwithftanding he hath iiffeked it amongft the kindes of Ciftus, as being indifferent to ioine .with vs and others for the infertion jit iftailpwe and bale plant creeping vpon the groundc, hauing manic (inall tough branches ,pfaftrowfteleblour: whereon do growelittle leaues let togither by couples, tbi<;ke,fat,and full of l^bffance,aift|^bueredc)uer with a foft downcjfrom tbebofeme whcfcT come foorth othet lefjchlc-at^ theft ’^ms before they be open are ■■final! knaps onbuttons, of a blow i colour mixed witlr,jfcilb.vvj and bctog.open & fpred abroad arelikp thole of the wilds Taiifie, ft: eft a yellow colour, with fotne; yoilowa^hiues'in jhe middle 5 the roote is thick &ofa wood:e fuh'ftancc. 2 The jycondisTefy-fike vntA^h^ifecedenr, failing that the leaues.are long,and do not grow fo thicke thruft togither, fnd are more vvoolly 5 the flowers are greater, and of a white colour,w he, ein the elpeciali difference c'onftfteth y,he roote is like theformer. ^ / ; Bbbb 4 . f ■ ! Heluntfa- - . ' i 7 \ iioo THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE I Helianthemum Anglicumluteum. Englifh yellow Dwarffe Ciftus. 2 Helianthemum '-Anglicum album. White Dwarffe Ciftus of England. 3 Heliantbemum luteum Ger manic um. 4 Helianthemum album Germ&nicum. The ydkwD^rfFe Ciftus of Germany. The white Dlvarffe Ciftus of Gcrmaine _ 1101 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ^ The defeription. 3 There is found in Germany a certaine plant like to Ciftus,and Ledon , but much lefler, creeping vpon the ground,vnlefle it be propped, vp,hauing a multitude oftwiggie branches,flender,and fine: whereupon do grow leaues lefler then thofe ofLedon or Ciftus, very like to that of ourEnglifh white dwarf Ciftus,of a full fubftance,(lightly haired,wherein is conteined a tough iuice: the flow¬ ers are fmall like little Rofes,or the wilde Tanfie, of a yellow colour: the rootes be {lender, woody, andfomthingred. 4 This differeth not from the laft deferibed , fauing that the flowers heerof are very white, and the others yellow; wherein they elpecially differ. 5 Helttmtbemum Sa baudicum. 6 Helianthemum anguflifolium. The DwarfFe Ciftus of Sauoie. Narrow leafed Dwarffe Ciftus. 'ft The defer iption. 5 The Dwarffe Ciftus of Sauoie hath diuers tough branches 5 ofa reddifh colour , verie tough and woodie,diuided into diuers other branches: whereon are fet fmall leaues, fowertogither, by certaine (paces jthe flowers grow at the top of the branches likethofeof our yellowe Dwarffe Ci¬ ftus, ofa yellow colour: the toote is very woodie. 6 ThisDwarffe Ciftus with narrow leaues,hath very many fmall flexible branches, of a browne colour, very fmooth,and ramping vpon the ground; whereon do grow fmall,long,narrow leaues, like thofe of Time of Candie ; from the bofome whereof come foorth diuers other fmallcr ’eaues: the flowers grow oh the tops of the branches, of a bleake yellowe colour: the roote is like-, wife woody. * ft The place. Their (euerall titles haue touched their naturall countries: they grow in rough, drie,and funnic Places,inplaine fieldes and vpon mountaines. Thofe nos ' THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Tbofeof our Englifhgrowing, I haue founde them in verfe many places, e/becially inKent vponthechalkie banks about Grauesende , So nth fleece, and for themoflpart ail the way from thence vnto Canterburie and Doner. & The time. They flower from Inly to the end of Auguft. . ' & The names. Tragm calieth Dwarffe Ciftus in the high Dutch toong jpepfrcfl l^fopC i in Latino Gratia, D'i ; but mere is another herbe called alfo of the later Herbariftes Gratiola: Valerius Cor Jus named] it Hetianthemim, and Solis flos, or Siinhe flower: o iclufiu* ChamaciHttsjat Dwarffe Ciftus. Pliny vvriteth, that Helianthe groweth in the champion countrey Temifcyra in Pontus, and in the moiintaines of Cilicia neereto the fea: and he faith further, that the wife men ofthofe coun¬ tries , and the kings of Peifia do annoint their bodies heerewith, boiled with lions fat, a little Saf¬ fron, and wine of Dates, that they may feeme faire and beautifull ;and therefore haue they cal¬ led it Hdiocalhden , or the beautie of the Sunne; which if it be the Sunne flower, yet there is ano¬ ther of the fame name , but which may betaken for the right it is hard to tell (but that experi¬ ence tcacheth vs:) feeing Plmte is fo breefe, Mathiolus faith', that Helianthemum is taken of fome to be Panaces chironiumpt chirons All-heale: but it is nothing likelie as we haue faide. The temperature. \ The faculties and temperature are referred to the kindes of Ciflns, Chiron aftirmeth that it hea- leth wounds,ftancheth bloud,and ftoppeth the ipitting of blond,the bloudie flixe, and all other if. fues ofbloud. B The fame boiled in wine healeth vlcers in the mouth and priuie parts, if they be wafhed tnere- with:tobe briefest ioineth togither and ftrengthneth ; which things do plainly and euidently fhew that it is not onely like to Ciftus and Ledon in forme, but in vertues and faculties alfb; and there¬ fore it is manifeffthat it is a certaine wilde kinde of Ciftus and Ledon. Of Ciftus, Ledon, and Ladanum. Chap .5. The kindes. T* Here be diners forts ofCiftus, whereof thatgummie matter is gathered calle d in (hops Lap- •* danumgxvA Labdanum^wx. vnproperly. ieThs defer ipt ion. Iftus Ledon is a little flhnsb, growing to the height of a man, and fbmtimes higher, ha¬ iling many ha-rdewoodie branches, coueredwith ablackifh barke: whereupondogrowe leaues let togither by couples,one right againft another like vnto wings of an inch broad, of ablackefwart greeneonthe vpperfides, and whitifh vnderneatb; whereon is gathereda cer¬ taine clammietranfparent or through (Lining,lf|Uor 5 ofaYerie hot fvveete finell, which being ga¬ thered and bardnedLis that which in fhopsis called Lapdamm: the flowers grow at the ends ofthe branches like little Ro fes i,con ii ft in g of fine white leaues,etiery one decked or beautified toward the, bottplii withprefy dark purplifh fpots tending to blackneSjhauing in the middle very many yellow ch'iiiei, f uch as are in the middle oftheKofe: after come th.e,knaps or feede veflels,full of moft final! reddifh feede; the whole plant being dried,groweth foin.evybat whitifh and of a pleafanrfinell, the which, it retaineth many yeeresf .. , . .•. The feconcfgfmyer'h likewiie to the heishTof;an hedgeRufh; the branches are lopg, and verie fragile or eafiefo breake ; whereon do growe leaues greener then any ofthe other of his kinde, yet vndernearh ofa lioarie colour ; growing toward winter to Re fomwhat reddifh,of afower and bin-- dug tafte 5 die flowers are like the precedent 5 the forme whereof the grauer hath omittedjin other igfpe&s like the former. ’ • ..... • - • r ' 1 cijlut • DOJI HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. I Cifhuleclon i. Clusij. The firft Ciftus bringing Ltdanum. 3 Ciflus ledonpofule/t. Ciftus Jedon with leaues like the Poplar,* 2 C t Jim ledon 2. Cfitstf. The feccndgum Ciftns. iios> 3 Cifius ledon 4 . Clusij. Ciftus ledon 3 the A&iclufitti* 4ttU 1 no4 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •fitbe defcription. 3 The third fort of Ciftus Ledon groweth vp to the height of a fmall hedge bufb , hailing many twiggie b r anche s ; whereon dogrowe leaues like thofe of the Poplar tree , fharpe at the point, coueredoner with that clamtniedewe thattiie others are: the flowers grow at the toppes of the branches, of a white colour like the precedent. 4 ^fhe fourth of Clufiut defcription, groweth likewife to the height of a fhrubbie bufh, hauing many'branches, flexible, hoarie,and hairie :The leaues are like the reft of his kind,but fofter,morc hairie,ofafwartegreenecolour, dafhtouerwith thatdcvviefames, not-onelyin the fpring time, but in the heat of Fournier likewife. The flowers are white with yellowe thrums in the middle: the reft anfwereth the laft deferibed. 5 CiHua Ledon ^.Clufit. The s.Ciftns Ledon. 6 CiHuiLedon6.ChifiL The 6 . Ciftus Ledon. 5 The fift groweth vp like a hedge bufh with many rough branches •, whereon are fet long roughleaues, hoarie vnderneath , fomewhat dafhtouerwith thatfattie dewe or humour that the reft are pofTefied of: the flowers are likewife of a white colour, with certaine yellowe chiues in the middle: the roote is woodie. 6 The fixt hath diuers fmall branches couered with a blackifh barke: the flowers are fettogither in bunches many in a duller by certaine fpaces. They are white and like the former in each relped. y The feuenth is a lowe fhrub growing to the height of two cubits, hauing many branches co- ucredwitha barke of the colour of allies; whereon are confufedly fet diuers leauesat certaine diftances,ftnall,narrow, like thofe of winter fauorie, of an ouerworne ruflet colour,verie thickest, and glutinous: the flowers differ not,neither the feed from the reft. 8 The eight groweth vp like a little hedge bufh, hauing leaues like the common female Ciftus; failing that thofe of this plant are fprinckled oner with that clammic moifture,and the other not fo: the flowers and feedes are alfo like. From the roote of this plant commeth fuch like excrefeens cal¬ led Lmodoron.Orobanche or Hypoaftis^ as that doth of the firft male Ciftus, wherin it differeth from all the reft vnder the name Ledon. 7 CiHm HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 7 Ctfitti Ledon 7 . Clusij. The 7.Cifais Ledon. 8 Ciflta Ledon cum Hypocijltde VOvellj. The S.Ciftus Lccion 3 with his excrelcence. H05 $ Cifltu Ledon 10 . C/usy. The 1 o.Ciftus Ledon. lo Ciflta Ledon Myrtifolium. Ciftus Ledon with leaiies like MirtilL * rk noS THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE A* T be defer ipt ion. The ninth hath ditiers brittle flalkes of an afh colour tending to a ruffet; whereon are fet very many leaues like thole of Thyme, of an ouerwornc colour: the flowers are white with certaine yellow chines in themiddle,which the grauer hath omitted in the figure. io The tenth groweth vp like a (mail fhrub, bauingbrittle ftalkes.couered with a blackifhbarke, and diuided into diuers branches j whereon are fetvpon fhort truncheons or fat footeftalkes, fower or flue leaues like thofe of the Myrtle tree,of a flrong finell: the flowers are likewife of a white •{ colour. 1 1 1 Ciftm Ledum Silejiacum . The Polonian Ciflus Ledon. 12 Cifm Ledum Rorifm ay ini folio. Ciflus Ledon with leaues like Rofemarie, , “k The deferiftion. 32 The twelfth kinde of Ciflus Ledon,groweih vpright with a flraightbodieor ftocke,Ringing forth at the top many ftnall twigs or rods of a cubit long, couercd with a bark of the color of allies, which diuidethemfelues into other branches, ofapurplifhcoiour, befet with long and narrowe leaues,not much vnlike to Rofemarie,but longer;of a greene colour aboue, but vnderneath hauing as it were a long rib, made or compad of wooll or downe; of a fweete and pleafant fmell, and fom- what fharpe in tafle :on the tops of the branches grow knops or heads, compad asitwereofma- nyfcales,of an iron or ruftie colour; outofwhichcommeth and proceedeth a certaine rounde and long mane,or hairie panickcld tuft of flowers,with many long,tender, green, and fomwhat woollie flalkes or twigs growing vntothem, of a fweete fentandlmell: the flowers confifl of flue little white leaues, within which are coreined ten white chines with a long flile or pointle in the midft of the flower: when the flowers be vaded,there fucceed long knops or heads which are fiue cornered, in iliape and bignes like vnto the fruite and berries of Cornm ; which being greene, are befpeckled with many filuer fpots, but being ripe, are of a red colour 5 conteining within them a long yellowe feede,which is fo fmall and (lender, that it is like to the drift or powder which falleth out of wormc holes. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1107 13 CiHm Ledum Mathioli. 14 CiHus Ledum alpinumClufi. Ciftus Ledon of Mathiolus defcription. The mountane Ciftus. •L. lie defcription. 13 Among the fhrubbie bufhes comprehended vnder the tide of CiHm Ledtm, Mathiolm hath fet foonh one,whereof to write at large were impoflibie,confidering the Author is fo briefe, and of our fellies we haue not any acquaintance with the plant itfeh'e: Diofcoridcs tohelpewhat maybe, faith, that it is a fhrub growing like vnto the fltocke or kinred of the C1H1 : from whole leaues is ga¬ thered a clammiedewe which maketh that gurnmie matter, that is in (hops called Lapdanum: it groweth faith hc,in hot regions (but nor with v::) the Mauritanians call the iuice or clammle mar- ter 3 Ledcn, and Laden : of fome Ladano , and Odum : in Spanifh Xara : and further faith , it groweth in Arabia,whcre thebufh is called chafes : thus modi for the defcription. 14 The fourteene Ciftus being one of tbofe that do grow vpon the Alpifh mounraines , which L'Obelius fetteth dovvne to be Balfamumalpintm Ge fieri : notwkhftanding I thinkc it not amide to infert it in this place, hauing for my warrant that famous Heibarift Carolm c lufas : this plant is one ofthe beautifullcft,differing in verie notable points,& yet refembleth them in the woodic branches and leaues: it rifethvp hauing many weake branches leaning to the ground, yet of a woodi'efub- ftance.coucred-ouer with an afh coloured barke: the leaues are broad, & verie touch , of a fhinin^ greene colour and a binding tafte: the flowers grow on the toppes ofthe branches like little bels hanging downe their heads, diuided at the lips orbrims in flue diuifions , of a deepe red colour on the out fide, and dafht ouer heere and there with Ionic filtier fpots;on the infide of a bright fhining red colour, with certaine chines in the middle, andofa very fweettfmell, as is all the reft of the plant; after which comes the feede , conteined in (mail heads or knaps, fill of feed like duft,of verie ftrong fmel,making the head of them to ake that finell therro: the root is long, hat very woody % oftentimes there is found vpon the trunke or naked part of the (balks certaine excrescences, or out- growings in manerof gals, of afungious fiibftancc,hke thofeof Touchwoode, white within 3 and red without,of an aftringent or binding tafte. iio3 the* third booke of the 3 The place. Oftus Ledon growethin the Hand of Candidas doth teftifie, in vntilied places emie where: ins found alfo mCyprus.as P/m, a ,eweth, andlikewife in many places of Snaine rhi' f i open to die feme: moreouer both the forme and bignes of theleaues and alfo of the plan ts therf id.os, as wellof theft that bring foorth Lpmurn, as theothet Ciftus,do varie in this woonderfuli mailer,according to the diuerfitic of the places and countries where they grow • they are fernf m tnefe northerly parts, being very impatient of our cold climate. & } § "The time They flower for the moft part from Maie to the end ofAugtift .The clammie matter which fa! ethvpon theleaues,which,sal,quidhindeofRofen of a fweete fmell, is gathered in timers D/ofcor/aesfaith :hut as Petros Be!/ov;u< a ffirrnrrh , , T n § . - n , „ - s-j gathered from the whole plant (with err tame inftruments made m manct of tooth picket, create picket, which in then toons theycall Ergtfim) and not gathered from the beards ofGoares, as it is reported in the old fables of the lying munkesthemfelue S) called cMieros, that is to fay, Greekilh munkes, who of very mode tie haue foifted that fable among others extant in their works. y e ft The names. or .c,. The Rirubitfelfe is called in GreekexnJby or rdJbv: theLatineskeepe the Greeks name /w**, .^^T an . d ! S ; a ^ ndp i°! Hollic Roles: the fat or clammie matter which is gathered ironthe .!ea«es 3 is■ named Ladanon, and Lebanon, according totheGreeke: the Apothecaries cor ruptiy cali it Lapdanum : Diofcorides coimteth that to be the beft which is fweete of fmell and fom WGumSe ^ ^ WaXethf ° ft? is fat, without fande; and is notcafily broken, but fill) of Ro-' The temperature. ~ Ltiamm faith ff^isliotin thelater endof thefitft degree, hauing alfo a little aftrifliue or binding quahae ; it: is hkewifc ofa thinne fubftance,and therefore it foftneth, and withall doth mo- derateiy cii^cii^anci alfo concoct it The vertues. A , a {““liar propertie againft the infirmities of the mother; it keepeth haires from falling; ior it wafteth away any fetled orputrified humour that is at their rootes. B.. ®"/«"‘/"|'aith,that LvUnvm doth binde,heate, Couple, and open, being tempered with wine Myrrhe,and ode of Myrtils; it keepeth haires from falling being annointed therewith t or laide on mixed with wine, it maketh the markes or fears of wounds faire and well coloured. C ta5ceth awsythe pame in the eares if it hepowred or dropped therein, mixed with honied wa¬ ter ,or with 01 le of Roles. D A fume made thereof draweth foorth the afterbirth, and taketh away the hardneflTc of the matrix, 1 J E h is wkh good fucccfle mixed with mollifyin g plaifters that mitigate painc. F ® c “g drunke wltk wine,it ftoppeth the laske,and prouoketh vrine. G mixddieremth 6IlcereofdlUCrsfor£s p °manders, chaines, and bracelets, with otherfweetes 0 emane. Qoap.6. ft The defer iption. Ofemane is a woodie fhrub, growing oftentimes to the height of three or fower cubits, elpecially when it is let by a wall; itconlifleth of Render brittle branches, whereon do grow vene many long leaues,narro w,fomwhat hard,of a quicke fpicie tafte, whitifh vnder- neath, and 01 a full greene colour abouc, or in the vpperfide, with a pleafant fweete ftrong fmell; arhon g , uc ] come foorth little flowers of a whitifh blew colour: the feede is blacklfh: the rootes are tough and woodie 2 The HIS TOR IE- OF PLANTS. nop 2 Th<rwilde Rolemarie Clufim hath referred vnto the kindes of Ciftus Ledon; we haueasa poore kinfman thereof inferted it in the next place, in kmred or nei ghbourhood at the leaft. I his wilde Rolemarie is a ftnall woodie fhrub, growing feldome aboueafootehigh, hailing hard bran¬ ches of a reddifh colour, diuiding themfelnes intoother finaller branches of a whitifh colour: whereon are placed without order diuers long leaues greene aboue, and hoarie vnderneath,not vn- like to thofe of the dwarffe Willow, or the common Rolemarie, of a drieand aftringenttafte, of little fmell or none at all. The flowers ftand on the tops of the branches fetvpon bare or naked footeftalkes,confifling of flue fmall leaues of a reddifh colour, fomewhat fhining j after which ap- peere little knaps full of fmall feede. The roote is tough and woodie. I Ro[marimmCoronarium . Garden Rofemaric. Rofmarinum fylueflre. Wilde Rolemarie. •£■ T he description. 3 This plant hath fet fome controuerfie among the learned, who vndifrrcetlyhaue confounded Cafui with Gf/ih*,CaneIl andCinnamome.o Pnguillara and Guilhmdim^ (two moft excellent in the knowledge of plants)differ as touching the knowledge hereof, one taketh it to be a kinde of Lauan - du/a, the other Rofinarmum Coronartum. Th ’oplna/lui taketh it to be Cafia, miftakingCammomili for the fame. Notwithftanding their controuerfies refting dilputable, tfiequeftion may eafiiy be decidedbythe fimpleft thathaue taken any paines in the knowledge of plants, if theyhadatany timefeenethe plantitlelfe where it grovveth naturally in great abundance, as in ^Agro Romano^ and diuers other places, inNarbone, Spaineandltalie. Examine the defeription who lift, and they fhall eafiiy perceiue thereby, that it cannot bee Polygonum Plinif , neither the Spaniardes Oftris. It gtoweth vp like an hedge fhrub of a woodie fubltance, to the height of two or three cubites j hailing many twu'sgie branches of a greene colour : whereupon doe growe narrowe leaues like vnto L'mana or Flaxc weede, of a bitter tafte: amonp which come foorth fmall moffie flowers, of a greenifh yellow colour iike thofe of the Cornell tree, and of the fmell of Rofemaric: which hath moued me to place it with the Rofemaiies as a kind thereof,not finding any other plant C c c c THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE fo neere vnto it in kind and neighborhood: after the flowers be paft, there fucceede fruit like thofe of th&Mirtle tree, greene at the firft, and of a fhining red colour when they be ripe,, like Corail or the berries of ^fyaragmfofc and fweete in tafte, leaning a certaine acrimonie or lharpe tafte in the end 5 the (tone within is hard as is the nut, wherein is conteined a fmall white kemell, fweete in tafte: the roote is of a woodie fubftance: it flowreth in the fommer; the fruite is ripe in the end of Qdober: the people of Granade, Montpelier, andofthekingdomeofValentia, do vie it in their preffes and wardrobes, whereupon they call it Guardalobo. I 1 Cafia Poetica VObeli], The Poets Rofernarie or Gardrobe. 7 he place. Rofernarie groweth in Fraunce, Spaine, and in other hot countries; in woods, and in vntillcd places : there is fuch plentie thereof in Langue- docke , that the inhabitants burne lcarce anie other fuell; they make hedges of it in the gardens of Iralieand Englande , being a great ornament vnto the fame: it groweth neither in the fields nor gardens of the eafterne colde countries; but is carefully andcurioully keptin pots, let into the ftoues andfe!lers,againft the iniury of their colde winters. Wilde Rofernarie groweth in Lancafhire in diuers places , efpecially in a fielde called Little R\fede, airsongft the Hurtle berries, neere vnto a fmall village called Maudlley; there foundc by a learned Gentleman often remembred in our Hi- ftory(and that woorthily)mafter Thomas Hesketh, •hike time. Rolemarie flowreth twife a yeere,in the Ipring, and after in Auguft. The wilde Rolemarie flowreth in Iune and Julie. Q 7 he names. Rolemarie is called in Greek rtG&vutis in Latine Rofmarmm Cor on Arm : it is furnamed CoronarU , for difference lake betweene it and the other Libanotidcs, which are reckoned forkindes of Rofernarie, and alio bicaule women haue been accuftomed to makecrownes and garlands there¬ of: in Italian Rofmarino coronarh : in Spanifh Romero : in French and Dutch Rofmarin. Wilde Rolemarie is called Rcfmarinus fyluejlris , of Cor dm Chamxpeuce. & The temperature. Rofernarie is hot and drie in the fecond degree, and alfo of an aftringent or binding qualitie, as being compounded of diuers parts,and raking more of the mixture of the earthie fubftance. The vertues. A Rofernarie is giuen againft all fluxes of blond; it is alio good efpecially the flowers thereof for a! infirmities of the head and braine,proceedingofacolde and moiftcaule; for they drie the braine, quicken the fences and memory,and ftrengtbeneth the linewie parts. B Seraph witnefteth, that Rofernarie is a remedie againft the Huffing of the head, that commeth through col'dnes of the braine . if a garland thereof be put about the heade, whereof Abin Mefuai giueth teftimonie. C Diofcorjdcs teacheth that it cureth him that hath the yellow iaundies,if it be boyled in water and drunk before exercile, &: that after the taking t’nerof the patient muft bathe himlelfe & drink wine. D The dsftilled water of the flowers of Rofernarie being drunke at morning andeuening firft and Jaft, taketh away the ftench of the mouth and breth, and maketh it very fweete, if there be added therto,to fteepe or infule for certain daies 3 a few Cioues^MaceSj Cinnamon^ & a little Annifeede, - The I IIII HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. The Arabians and other Phifitions fucceeding,do write,that Rofemarie comforteth the braine, E the memorie 3 the inward fenfes, and reftoreth fpeech vnto them that are poffeflcd with the dumbe paulfie,efpecialiy the conierue made of the flowers and fugar, or any other way confe&ed with fu- gar,being taken euery day fading. The Arabians,as Scrapio witneffeth, gine thefe properties toRofemarie : it heatetb 3 fay they,is F offubtile partes jis good for the cold rheume which falleth from the braine,driueth away windines, prouoketh vrine 3 and openeth the ftoppings of the liuer and milt. Tragui writeth 3 that Rofemarie is fpice in the Germaine kitchens 3 and other cold cotmtries.Fur- G ther he faith 3 that the wine boyled with Rofemarie 3 and taken of women troubled with the mother, or the whites 3 it helpeth them,the rather if they faff three or fower howers after. The flowers made vp into plates with fugar after the maner of Sugar Rofet and eaten, it comfor- H teth the hart,and maketh it merie 3 quickeneth the fpirits, and maketh them more liuely. The oyle of Rofemarie chimicaliy drawen,comforteth the cold, weakc and feeble braine in moft I woonderfull manner. The people of Thuringia do vfe the wilde Rofemarie to prouoke the defired ficknes. K Thofe of Marchia vfe to put it in their drinke the fooner to make their clients drunke, and alfo do L put it into chefts and preffes among clothes, to preferuc them from moths or other vermine. OfVprightJVoodbinde. Cbap.y. ft 7 he kindes. I T is knowen,that euery prouince and countriebrfngethfoorth his peculiar plants,differing from thofe ofother regions 3 euen fo it fareth with thefe kindes ofWoodbindes,which do very notably differ from thofe of England,Italie and Spaine,as followech in their feuerall deferiptions. Z Periclymtmim rettum Sa haudicum* Sauoy Honifuckles. 2 Vericlymenum rectum Germamcttm , Germany Honifuckles. -i i* fl 1212 , THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Thedefcription. 1 r TT 5 His ftrangekindeof Honifuckle found in the woods of Sauoy, reprefenteth vnto vs that j ihrub or hedge bufh called Cornmfcerninaj .he Dogbcrrie tree,or pricke timber trce,hauin°- leaues and branches like the common Woodbinde, failing that this doth not clamber and clime as the others do,but contrariwife groweth vpright,without leaning to one fide or other,like a' fmall tree or hedge bufh. The flowers growvpon the tender fprayes ortwiggie branches by cou- ples,not vnlike in fhape and colour to the common Woodbind,but altogither lefler, and of a white colour ,hauing within the fame many hairie chines like the other of his kinde; after which come red berries ioyned togither by couples.l he roote is tough and woody. 2 The ftalkes of the fecond be oftentimes of a meane thicknefle ; the woodie fubftance fomewhat whitifh and foft. The branches be round and couercd with a whitifh barke, notvvithftanding in the beginning when the fprayes be yoong,they are fomewhat reddifh.The leaues are long like thofe of die common Honifuckie,foft,and of a white greene ;on the lower fide they are whiter,& a little hai¬ rie, The flowers be lefler than any of the Woodbindes,but yet of the fame fafhion,and of a whitifh colour,growing togither by couples vpon feuerall (lender footeftalkes, like little wilde Cherries,of a red colour; the one lefler oftentimes than the other. 3 Psric/ymemmrefltmfruffncAruleo. 4 Penclymemm reffumftuctunigro. Vpright Woodbinde with blew berries, Blacke berried Woodbinde. 3 This flrange kind of Woodbinde which Caroltu Clufm hath fct foorth in his Pannonicke Ob- feruations, rifethvp oftentimes to the height of a man, euen as the former doth: which diuideth it feife into many branches, couered with a rough blacke barke, that choppeth and gapeth in fundry cleits as the barke of the Oke. The tender branches are of a whitifh greene colour, couered with a woollie hairineflcjof an ouerworne colour,whereupon do growe leaues fet by couples one oppofite to the other,like vnto the common Woodbinde,ofa drying bitter tafle.The flowers growe by cou¬ ples likewi(e,of a whitifh colour. The fruit fucceedeth, growing like little Cherries,each one on his ownefooteflalke, of a bright and fhining blew colour; which being brufed, doe die thehandes of a reddifh colour ,& of a fharpe winie tafle,wherin is contained many fmall flat feeds.The roote is woodiejdifperfing it feife far abroad. eT; . ' , 4 This HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1113 a This kindeofvpright Woodbinde growcthvp like wife to the heightofaman, and oftentimes more high,like to the laft defcribed,but altogither greater. The berries hereof are very black,wher- in elpecially is the difference. 5 Cham*periclymenu Dwarfe Honifuckle. » Thedefcription. 5 To thekindesof Woodbindes this plant may likewife be referred,whole p>£hire with this defcrip tion was lent vnto clufitu long lince,by that learned Doctor in phificke Maher ThomM Penny (of our London College of famous memoric ) it rifeth vp with a ftalke of a foote high: whereupon are fee by couples fairc broad leaues, one right againft an other, ribbed with certaine nerues, likethofe of P]antainc,fharpe pointed,and fomewhat hollowed in the middle like Spoonewoort .-from thebofome of which leaues come foorth fmall flowers, not feene or deferibed by the author: after which com- methfoorth a duller of red berries thruft hard to- gither,as are thofe of Aaron, orPrieftspint. The roote is tough and very flender, creeping farre abroad vndcr the .vppermoft cruft of the earth, whereby it occupieth much ground. # The place. Thefe plants are ftrangers in Englande, they growe in the woods and mountainesof Switzer¬ land, Germany, Sauoy, and other thofe partes ten¬ ding to theEaft, EaftNortheaft, and Eaftand by South. I haueaplant of thefirft kinde in my garden; the reft as yet I bane not feene ; therefore I cannot write fo liberally thereof as I with. & The time. They flower for the mod part when the others do,rhat is to fay,in May andlune,and their fruite is ripe in September. 'kThe names. Vpright Woodbinde or Honifuckle is called PericlymenumJlans^ and Peridyrnemm yeBum^ or Vprigbt Woodbinde: of Dodon<ms Xylofeum ; in high Dutch IpOtltD kfcfttty that is to fay, C.-.num Cerafapi Dog Cherries.Thc Engiifh names are exprefled in their feuerail titles. Ic hath bcene cal¬ led Chamacerafta, but not truly. ‘ * it The temperAture and vertaes. , Touching the temperature and vertuesof thefe vpright Woodbindes we haue no experience at all of our fellies,neither haue we learned any thing of others. Of Sene, Cbap.%. , # The defeription. I Encbringeth foorth ftalkes a cubite high, fetwith diners branches : the leaues are Jong, winged, confifting of manyiinall leaues like thofe of Licorice,or of baftard Sene: the flow¬ ers come foorth of the bottome of the wings,of colour yellow, (landing vpon flender foore- ftalkes; from which after the flowers be gone bang forked cods, the fame bowing inwards like a halfe moonc,plaine and flat,in which are contained feedcs like to the feedes or kernels ofgr.y es,of a blackifh colour. The roote is flender,long and vnprofitable, which perifneth when the leaues are gathered for medicine 3 and the feedes be ripe, and muft be fowen againe the next yeere euen as we docorne. Cccc 3 2 There iii 4 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 2 There is another kinde of Sene growing in Italie, like the other in each re(pe6fc 3 fauing that it is greater,and hath not thatforce in purging that the other hath. • i Sena Or tint alii. - 2 Sena Italic a. # 7 he place and time. This is planted in Syria and AEgypt,alfo in Italic,in Prouence of Fraiince,in Languedocke. It hardly groweth in high and loweGeimanie, neither in England: it profperethin hot regions, and cannot away with cold 5 for thatcaufe it is in Italie lowcn in May, and continued! no longer than Autumne. The bed is brought from Alexandria, and out of AEgypt. The Arabians were the firft that found it out. *.?•■ The names. The Perluns call it Ahalzmer, as c Mefua his copie hath: the Apothecaries Sena.fa y which name it was knowen to K^Attuarius the Grecian,and to the later Latines: it is called in Englifh Sene. tfr 7 he temperature. Touching the temperature of Sene, it is of a meane temperature, neither hot nor cold, yet incli¬ ning to heate,and drie alrnolt in the third degree: it is of a purging facultie,and that by the ftooie, in fuch fort,as it is not much troublelome to mans nature, hailing withall acertaine binding qua- litie, which it leaueth after the purging. ie Thevertues . 1 A It voideth foorth flegmatike and cholerike humors, alfo grofie and melancholike, if it be helped with fome thing tendmgto that end. B It is a lingular purging medicine in many difeafesfat for all ages and kindes. C It purgeth without violence or hurt,elpeciallyif it be tempered with Annis feede, or other like fweete fuelling things added, or with gentle purgers, or fmoothing medicines. It may be giuen in powder 5 but commonly the infufion thereof is vied. D The quantitie of the powder is a dram waight, and in the infufion fower, fiue or moe. It may be mixed in any liquor. It HISTORIC OF PLANTS. iii* Itisifithedeco&ionorin the infufion tempered with cold things in burning agues, and other £ hotdifeafes,in cold and long infirmities: it is boiled with hot opening fimples, Sduch like; orelfe itisfteepedinwine, in which manner as familiar to mans nature, itdrawcch foorth gently by the ftoole almoft without any kind of paiile,crude or raw humors. Moftofthe Arabians commend the cods, but our Phifitions the leaues rather : forvnleftethe p cods be full ripe, they ingender winde, and caufe gripings in the belly. For they are oftentime ga¬ thered before they be ripe, andotherwifecafily fall away being fhakendowne with the winde, by reafon of their weake and (lender ftalkes. Some alfo thinkejthat Sene is hurtful! to the ftomackc,and weakeneth the fame,for which caufe G they fay that Ginger or fome kindeof fweete fpiceis to be added, whereby the (lomackc may bee {Lengthened. Likewife Mejues noteth,that it is (lowe in operation,and that therefore Salgem is to be mixed with it.Moreouer,Sene purgeth not (o (peedily as (Longer medicines do. Notwithftanding it may be helped not only by Salgem, but alfo by other purging things mixed H therewith, that is to fay, with fimple medicines, as Rubarbe, Agaricke, and others, and with com¬ pounds, as that which is called Catbo/icon, or the Eledluarie Diaphcemcon , or that which is made of the iuice ofRofes,or fome other, according as the condition and qualitie of the difeafe and of the ficke man require th. 1 he leaues of Sene is a very familiar purger vnto all people,but they are windie and do binde the I body afterwards,very much difquieting theftomack with rumbling and belching. For the auoiding of which inconuenience, there mult be added Cinnamome ,Ginger, Annis feed and Fennell feede, Raifbnsof thefunne, and fuch like that do breake winde, which will the better helpe his purging qualitie. Sene doth better purge when it is infufed or fteeped, than when it is boiled : fordoubtlefle the K more it is boy led the lefie it purgeth,and the more windie it hecommeth. Take Borage,Buglofte, Ba!me,Fumitorie,ofeach three drams. Sene of Alexandria very well pre- L parecland pouned two ounces,ftrowe the powder vpon the herbes,and diftill them: the water that commeth thereof, referue for your vfeto purge thofe that line delicately, being miniftred in white wine. Sugar, inconditedconfedlions, and fuch dainty waies, wherein delicate and fine people do greatly delight: you may alfofas was faid before) adde hereunto, according to the maladie, diners pmgers,as As;ancke,MirobaIans,&c. Take of Sene well purged from motes and drofte,one ounce,infufe it in a quart of the beft tvhite M wine,of Endiue water fower ounces,Ginger ,Annis feeds,and feraped Licorice,of each fower drag, let thefe (land togither fixteene howers,ftraine it, and when you haue fo done,boyle it a little; then take two pound of Damaske Prunes, and mingle it with the reft of your ingredients: this is a moft excellent medicine to purge dainty people,which abhor potions,and Inch like. The powder of Sene after it is well prepared two ounces,of the powder of the roote ofMechoa- N can fower drams,powder of Ginger, Annis feeds ,of each a little,a fpoonful of Annis feeds,but a ve¬ ry lirtle Ginger, and a modicum or finallquantitie of Sal gemma, this hath beene prooued a very fit familiar medicine for all ages and fexes.The patient may take one fpoonefull or two thereof faffing eitherinpotage, fome flipping, in drinke or m white wine. Tbftisright profitable todraweboth flegme and melancholic from the breaft and other parts. The leaues of Sene and Cammomill are put in bathes to wafli the head. Q Seneopeneth the inward partes of the bodie which are flopped, and is profitable againftall P griefes of the principall members of the body. T ake Sene prepared according to arte one ounce, Ginger halfe a quarter of an ounce, Clones in number 12.Fcnnell feed two drams,or in (lead therof Cinnamom and Tartar,ofeach halfe a dram, powder all thefe; which done, take thereof one dram in white wine before fupper, which doth mar- udloufly purge the head. Handle Sene in manner abouefpecificd,then take halfe an ounce thereof,which done,ad therto R threefcore Raifons of th e funne,with the ftones pick t out, one fpoonful of Annis feeds braied, boile thefe in a quart of ale till one halfe be wafted,and while it is boyling put in your Sene: let it (land fo till die morning; then ftraineit, and put in a little Ginger: then take the one halfe of this potion, and put thereunto two fpoonefuls of firupe of Roles,drinke this togither, I mcane the one halfe of the medicine at one time, and if the patient cannot abide the next davtoreceiue the other halfe, then let it be deferred vntill the third day after. C c c c 4 Seng in 6 THE THIRD BOOKS Of THE S Sene and Fumitorie (as &*/ftaffirmeth) do purge aduft humors, and are excellent good againft fcabs,itch, and the ill affection of the body. X If Sene be infufed in whay, and then boyled a little, it becommeth good phifteke againft melan¬ cholic,clenlerh the braine, and purgeth it, as alfo the hart, the huer, milt and lungs, caufeth a man to looke yoong,it ingendrech mirth,taking away forrow;,cleereth the fight,ftrengtheneth hearing, and is very good againft old feuers and difeafes ariftng of melancholic. Of hazard Sene . Chap,*?, # Thektndes. Of baftard Sene there be diuers forts,differing as well in cods as ftatiire,as fliall be declared. I Cohitea. Baftard Sene. 2 Colutea Scorpioides, Baftard Sene with Scorpion cods. ielbe defeription. Glutea, arid Sene,be fb neere the one vnto the other in fhape and Chew,,that fhevnskilfuil Herbarifts haue deemed Colutea to be the right Sene:this baftard Sene is a fhrubbie plant, growing to the forme of an hedge biifh,or flirubbie tree: his branches are ftraight,brittle and wooaie, which being careiefly broken off, and as negligently prickt or ftucke in the gfouiide, will take roote andprofper,at what time of the yeere foeuerit be done; but dipt or cut, or planted in any curious fort whatfoeuer, among an hundred one wifi icaifly grow: thefe botighesor bran¬ ches arebefet with leaues like Sena, or Securidaca , not much vnlike Liquorice; among which come foorth faire Broomeiike yellow Rowers,which turne into frnall cods like the fownd ofa fifh, or a lit¬ tle bladder, which will make a cracke being broken betweene the fingers; wherein are contained many b!aeke,flat fcedes,of the bignes of Tares, growing vpon a imallrib or finewe within the cod; the roote is harde,and of a woodie fubftance. 3 Baftard HISTORtE OF PLANTS. Jti 7 2 Baftard Sene with Scorpion cods is a finall woodiefhrub or bufh,hailing leaues,branches,and flowers like vnto the former baftard Sene, but (mailer in ech refped; when his f nail yellow flowers are fallen,there fucceed little long crooked cods,like the long cods or huskes of Malhiolui his Scor- pioides,w hercofittooke his name :therootcisliketherooteof theBoxetree, or rather refembling therootesof Dulcamara, or Bitter fweete, growing naturally in the fhadowie woods of Valena in Narbone,whereof I hatie a ft nail plant in my garden,which may be called Scorpion Sene. 3 Colute a fcorpzoides htmilU. Dwarffe baftard Sene. 4 Colutea fcorpioidesmcntanaClusij , Mountaine baftard Sene. . k The defeription. 3 The lowe or dvvatffe Colutea. oiclufim defeription, hath a thicke woodie roote ,couered with a vellowiflibarke, with many fibres annexed thereto, which bnngethfoorth yeerely newe fhootes whereby it greatly increafeth, of a cubite and a halfe high, fhioorh, and of a greens colour 5 where¬ on do grow leaues compofed of fixe or fcauen leaues, and fomtimes nine, fet vpon a middle ribbe like thole of the common kinde, of a ftipticke tafte,xvith fome fharpnes or biting: the flowers grow vpon flender footeftalks,long and naked like thole of the Peale, and of a yellow colour,of a little or no Imell at all, and yet that little nothing pleaftmt: after which come foorth long cods, wherein isconteincd frnajfl feedelike thofe of the StrangleTare. 4 This mountaine baftard Sene hath ftalkes,leaues,and rootes like the laft delcribed: the flowers growe on the tops of the branches in maner of a Crowne, whereupon fome haue called it Coromlla -,in fhape like thofe of thePeafe,and of a yellow colounthe cods as yet wc haue not leene, and therefore not eXpreffed in the figure. 5 This fmall baftard Sene groweth like a fmall fhrub creeping vpon the ground, of the height of halfe a cubite,bringing foorth many twiggie branches,in maner of thofe of the Spanifb Broome j whereupon do grow leaues like thole of Lentiles,or the Strangle Tare, with many fmall leaues fet vpon a middle rib, fomwhat fat and full of iuice, of the colour of the leaues of Rue or Heibegrace; of iilS THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE of anaftringent and vnpleafanttafte :the flowers grow at the tops of the branches, of a yellow co¬ lour: in fhape like thofe of the fmalleft Broome; after which come little crooked cods like the clawes or toes of a Birde, wherein is conteined feede fomwhat long,black,and of an vnfauory tafte: the roote is long,hard,tough,and of a woodie fubftance. 6 There is alio found another fort heereof,not much differing from the former, failing that this plant is greater in each refpedgwherdn efpecially confifteth the difference. 5 Colutea minima.fine Coronilla . The fmalleft baftard Sene. 6 Colutea fue Polygala Valentina Clit si}. The fmalleft baftard Sene of Valencia. & The place. Colutea or baftard Sene groweth in diners gardens,and commeth vp of feed; it quickly commeth to perfe<ftion,infbmuch that if a fticke thereof be broken off and thruft into the groundc, it quickly taketh roote, yea although it be done in the middle of fommer, or at any other time, euen as the fticks of Willow or Elder, as my felfe haue often prooued ; the which bring foorth flowers and fruite the next yeere after. The lecond with scorpion cods groweth likewife in my garden ; the two laft do grow in diners barren chalkie grounds of Kent towards Sittingburne, Canterburie,and about oouthtieete;I haue not feene them die where: the reft are ftrangers in England. •ft The time. They flower from Maie till fommer be well fpent,in the meane feafon the cods bring foorth ripe feede. , The names, "Ibis fhrub is called o ^Theophrafws in Greek Mbiovn* with the diphthongs in the fecond fillable: in Latine as Cj^/sexpoundethit, Coloutea , ox. Colutea: in high Dutch in French Haguen audier : they are c'eceiued that thinke it to be Sena , or any kinde thereof; although we haue followed others in giuing it to name Baftard Sene, which name is very vnproper to it: in low Dutch it is called boom ♦ and we may vfe the fame name Sene tree in Englifh. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. nip This Colutea or badard Sene, doth differ from that plant mm't** with v in the fccond fyllablc, of which Co/ytea Theophrajlm writeth in his thirde booke. # The temperature and ‘vertues. Theophraflui neither any other of the ancients haue made mention ofthc temperature or facul- A ties in working of thefe plants, more then that it is good to fatten cattle, cfpecially fheepe, as the fame authour affirmeth. Of Licorice. C^ a P • 10 * •de The defection. 1 r j JJ| Hefirdkindeof Licorice hath many woodie branches, rifing vp to the height of two or J three cubits, befet with leaues of an ouerworne grecne colour, confiding of many fmall leaues fet vpon a middle rib,like the leaues of Colutea, or the Maflich tree, lornewhat gluti¬ nous in handling: among which come fmall knops growing vpon fhortdems betwixt thelcaues and the branches,cludering togither and making a round forme or fliape: out of which grow fmal blew flowers,of the colour of the Englifh Hyacinth; after which fucceedc rounde. rough, prickley heads, confiding of diuers rough or fcalie husks clofely and thicke compaid togither ; in which is conteinedaflatfeede: the roote is draight, yellow within, and browne without; of a fweeteand pleafant tade. *“ 2 The common and vfuall Licorice,hath dalkes and leaues very like the former, failing that his leaues are greener and greater, and the flowers of a fhining blew colour; but the flowers and cods grow not fo thicke cludring togithefin round heads as the former 3 but fpike faihion, or rather like • . ' ' - the mo THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE the wilde Vetch called Ombrychu , or Galega: the cods are fmalland fiat like vnto the Tare: the rootes are ofabrownifh colour without,and yellow within like Boxe, and Tweeter in tafte then the former. 'feThe place. Thele plants do grow in fundry places of Germanie wilde,and in Fraunce and Spaine , but they are planted in gardens in England, whereoflhaueplentie in my garden: the poore people of the north parts ofEngland do manure it with great diligence,whereby they obtaine great plenry ther- of, replanting the fame once inthree or fower yeeres. k The time. Licorice flowreth in Iuly,and the feedc is ripe in September. k The names. The firfl is calledin Greek ytoyjJfttfa: in Latine Dulcisradix , or fweete Roote : thisXicoriccisnot knowne either to the Apothecaries or to the vulgar people;we call it inEnglifh Diofc. his Licorice. It is moll euident that the other is Glyeyrrhizape Licorice: the Apothecaries call it by a corrupt worde Liquiritia : the Italians Regolitia: the Spaniards Regaliza ,and Regalitia : in high i in French Rigolijfe.Raigaliffe, and RegUjfe : in low Dutch £ alftfli'e 60 Ut a flTtljQUt J in Englifh common Licorice: P/z^calleth it Scythica herba: it is named Scythice of the coun trey Scythia,where it groweth. itThetemperature. ‘ The nature of D/oJcorides his Licorice as Galen faith,is familiar to the temperature of our bodies, and feeing it hath a certaine binding qualitieadioined, the temperature thereof fo much as is hot and binding,is efpecially of a warme qualitie, commingneereft of all to a meane temperature; bc- fides,for that it is alfo fwcete,it is likewilemeanely moift. For as much as the roote of the common Licorice is fweere,it is alfo temperately hot and moift; notwithstanding the barke thereofis fbmething bitter and hot, but this muft be feraped away ; the frefh roote j/vhen it is full of iuice doth moiften more then the dry. k Thevertues. A The root of Licorice is good againft the rough harfhnes of the throte and breft • it openeth the pipes of the lungs when they be fluffed or flopped, & ripeneth the cough, & bringeth forth fiegm. Succm Glycyrrhiza. The iuice of Licorice. The Iuice of Licorice made according to Art, and hardned into a lumpe, which is called Succm LiquiritU$Q.x\\zth. well for the purpofes aforefaid, being holdenvnder the toong, and there liiffered to melt. Moreouer with the Iuice of Licorice, Ginger, and other fpices,there is made a cerraine bread or cakes, called Ginger bread, which is verie good againft the cough, and all the infirmities of the lungs and breft: which is caft into mouldcs, fbmc of one fafhion,&fome another, according to the fancie of the Apothecaries, as the pi&ures fee foorth do fhew for example. The Iuice of Licorice is profitable againft the heate of the ftomacke,and of the mouth. The fame is drunk with wine of Raifons againft the infirmities of the liner and cheft, fcabs or fores of the bladder,and difeafes of the kidneies. Being melted vnder the toong it quencheth thirft; it is good for greene woundes being iaide thereupon,and for the ftomackc ifit be chewed. The deco£tion of the frefh rootes ferueth for the fame purpofes. But the dry roote moft finely powdred, is a fin- gular good remedy for a pin and a web of the e;e,if it be fir owed thereupon. DioCcoricUs HIS TOR IE OF ( PLANTS. 11 2 I Diofcorides and Pliny allb report,that Licorice is good for the domaclc 3 and vlcers of the mouthy H being cad vpon them. Itisgoodagaind hoarfenes,difficiiltieofbreathing, inflammation of the lungs, the pleurifie, I ipitting of bloud and matter 3 confumption 3 rottcnnes of the lungs, all infirmities of the ched 3 and ruggednes. It taketh awaie inflammations 3 mittigateth andtempereth the fharpnes and laltnes of humours, K concoð rawe humours 3 and procureth eafie {pitting. The decodtion is good for the kidneies and bladder that are exulcerated. It cureth the drangurie,and generally all infirmities that proceede of fharpe 3 fait 3 and biting T- humours. M Thele things concerning Licorice hath alfo Theophrafttu , whowriteth, that with this and N with cheefe made of mares milke,the Scythians were reported to be able to line a eleuen or tweluc daics: The Scythian root is good for fhortnes of breath, for a drie cough 3 and generally for all infir- ^ mities of the ched. Morcouer,with hony it healeth vlcers 3 it alfo quencheth third if it be heldc in the mouth 3 for which caufe they fay how the Scythians do line a eleuen or twelue daies 3 with that and Hippacc, Hippace is cheefe as Hippocrates witnefleth 3 made of mares milke. P Phme 'm his 2 5.bookechap.8.hath thoughtotherwife then truth 3 thatitisanherbe fo called. cl Ofmilkp Trefoile firflmtb Trefoile. Chap.u. •&The ktndes. T" 1 Here be diuers kindes or forts of the Ihrubbe Trefoile, the which might very well haue palled among the three leafed grafics,had it not beene for my promife in the Proeme of our fird part 3 that in the lad booke of our Hidorie the fhrubby or woody plants Ihould be fet foor th 3 euery one as neere as might be in kinred and neighbourhood. I Cityfus. 2 Cityftu. The fird Ihrub Trefoile. The lecond fhrub Trefoile. &rhl THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE iiii # Thldefcriptioft, 1 ^T" 1 Hc 5 rftkindeoFcyf//^orfhrubbieTrefoiIe,is altogither hoarie,orofawhitifh colour like I Rhamutti, growing to the forme of a fmall fhrub 3 or woodie bufh, two or three cubits high; branching into fundry fmall boughes or armes, let full of leaues like the fmall Trefoile, or rather like the leaues of Rue 3 three growing alwaies togither; which being brufed betvveene the fingers 3 fmell like Rocket; among thefe come foorth fmall yellowe flowers like them of French Broome, which do tume into long and flat cods, containing fmall feede, iritafte like Ciccroi Lc - gumen, 2 The fecond kinde of Cytifus is likewifea fmall fhrub 3 in fhape after the maner of the former;but that the whole plant is altogither {mailer, and the leaues rounder fet togither by couples, and the final! cods hairie at the ends 3 which fetteth foorth the difference. *kThe defeription. 3 The roote of this thirde kinde is (ingle, from whence fpring vp many fmooth brittle (talks,diui- ded into many wings and branchesrwhereon growe greene leaues , fmallerthen thofe of medowe Trefoile; the flowers are yellow,lefler then Broome flowers 3 other wife very like 3 growing about the tops of the twiggie branches,diuided intofpikie tops: which being vaded there follow thinne,long, narrow cods,lefler then thofe of the Broome,whercin is contained fmall blacke feede : the roote is Iong,deepeIy growing into the ground 3 and fomtimes waxeth crooked in the earth. 4 The fourth kinde of Cytiftu hath a great number of fmall branches and ftalkes like the former, but it is a lower plant,and more woollie,who(e(lalkes and branches growe not very high, but yet very plentifully fpred about the (ides of the plant: the leaues are greater then the former, but lefler then thofe ofmedow Trefoile; the flowers grow clofe togither as though they were bounde vp or . . compact HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1123 compaft into one head or fpokie tuft,fbmewhat greater then the former: the cods are alfo greater and more hairie: the roote groweth very deepe into the ground , whereunto are adioined a fewe fi¬ bres: itfallethouttobemorehairieorwoollieinoneplacethenin another 3 and the more hairie andwoolliethatitis 3 the whiter it vvaxeth: for the roughnes bringeth it a ccrtainc whitifh co¬ lour. & 7 he defeription. 5 The fift kinde of Cytifus groweth to the height of hue or fixe cubits, hauing many Render twig gie branches like Broome 3 ftreaked and very hard 3 whereupon grow leaues very like Fenugreeke, yet rather refembling Rue 3 three togitherrfroin che bofome ofwhich 3 orbetweene the leaues and the ftalkes, come foorth yellow flowers, verie like Broome, Spar turn or Pcafe, but finaller: the cods be like vnto Broome cods 3 ofan afh colour, butflenderer and flatter: in the feuerallcelsordiuifions whereof are contained bright fhining feedes,like the blacke feedes of broome; all the whole plant is hoarie like nhamuw, or Haiymus, 6 The fixt kinde of Cytifw. > or buih Trefoile,groweth to the height of a tall man 3 with long ftalkes, couered oner with a blackifh barke, and a fewe boughes or branches, befit or garnifhed with leaues like the common Trefoile,but finaller, growing alfo three togither, whereof the middlemoft of the three leaues,is twifeaslong as the two fide leaues, the vpper fide whereof is greene.and the lower fide fomewhat reddifh and hairie: the flowers grow along the ftalks almoft from the bottom to the top,of a golden yellowe colour, fafhioned like the Broome flower, but greater then any of the reft of his kinde 3 and of a reafonable good fauour sthe feede hath the pulfie tafte of Cicer. 7 Cytifut THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 7 Cytifm -J.Cor nut w. The horned fhrub Trefoile. 8 Cytifm. 8. i he S.fhrub Trefoile. i: T he defcription* 7 The feuenth kinde of Cytfm hath many rough andhairie branches rifing from a woodse roote, fowcr or fine cubits high; which arediuided into fundry fmaller branches, befet with leaueslike the rrcdowTrefoile: among which comefooith yellowe flowers like Broome, that turne into c looked fiat cods, like a fickle; wherein is contai¬ ned the leede raffing likeCuer, ox Ligtemen: the whole plant is hoarie like Rlvwuus, and being bro¬ ken or b. ufed Imelleth like Rocket. 8 This eight kind of C)tfm which Perm fetteth forth is dor btlcflc another k ind of Cyt.fmyo.ktm- bling the former m leaues, flowers, ana cods, Ja¬ iling that the (mail leauesfwhich are alwaies three togither) area little fni, tabout the edges: the w hole plant is flendei er, igfter, and greener; ra- ' ther refembling an herbe then a fhrub: the roote is final! and fingle. 5» Ihisbaftard or misbegotten fhrub Trefoile, or rather the fifticatcd or falfified Cyti(m , gro* Iveth vp like a fhrub, but not of any wcodie fub- Rance,hauing tender ftalkes,frncoth,andplaine : whereon do grow bairie leaues like the other, di¬ ners fet vpon one footeftalke, contrary to all the reft: the flowers growe along the ftems like thofe of the ftocke Gi!Ioflowers,of a yellow colour: the roote is tough and woodie. it The HI'S TOR IE OF PLANTS. 1125 it The place. Thcfeplants were fir-ft brought into Italy and Greece from oneof the lies Cyclades, called Cyntho or Cynthufa, and fince founde in many places of Fraunce , as about Montpelier, Veganium,and other places; they are Grangers in Englandc,though they grow very plentifully in Scotland,asitisreported,whereoflhauetvvoibrtsin my garden: that is to fay Cyttfus mar ant or the horned Cytifus, and likewife one of the fmalleft,that is to fay,the third in number. it The time. Theft plants for the moftpartdo flower in Iune and Iuly, and fomewhat after: the feeds is r’pe in September. * it The names. The Grecians and Latines do call this fhrub fcW?, of Cynthufa, an Hand before mentioned, in which place they are in great eftimation ,for that they do fo woonderfully feede cattle,and increase milke in. their dugs; nourifh fheepe &goates,which bring yoong ones good for Acre and increafe: one author doth call thefe plants in GreekeKu' 9 «Aor, that is in Latine Fxcundumfatnum. fertil or fruit¬ ful Haie,for that the kindes heereof caufe rnilke to increafe; maketh good blond and iuice;augmen- teth ftrength; and multiplietli the naturall feede of generation: they may be called in Eriglifh milke Trefoile,of the ftore of milke which they increafe. it Thetemperature. The Ieaues of milke Trefoile docooleas Dio/corides write th, thevaftwage fwellingsin thebe- ginning if they be ftamped and laid vnto them with bread: the deco&ion therof drunke prouoketh vrine: Galen teacheth, that the Ieaues ofMilketrefoile hauc a digefting or wafting qualitie, mixed with a waterie and temperate facultie,as haue thole of the Mallow. it The vertues. Women faith Columella ,ifthey want milke muft fteep drie Milktrefoilein faire water ,& when it is thorowly foked 3 they muft the next day mixe a quart or thereabouts of the fame prefled or drained foorth with a little wine,and fo let it be giuen vnto them to drinkc, and by thatmeanes they them- fellies fhall receiuc ftrength,and their children comfort by abundance of milke. Hippocrates reckoncth vp Milktrefoile among thofe things that increafe milke,in his booke of the B nature of women,and of womens diftafts. Alfo K^irijlomachui of Athens in Pliny , commandeth to giue with wine the dry plant, and the Q fame likewife boiled in water, tonurfes to drinke when their milke is gone. Democrats and Lsdriftomachus do promift that you fhall want no Bees, if you hauc Milke Tre- D foilefor them to feede on: for all writers with one conftnt do conclude as Galen faith, that Bees do gather of the flowers of Milktrefoile very great ftore of honie. Columella teacheth,that milke Trefoile is notable good for hens, bees, goates,kine, and all kinde E of cattkjwhich quickly grow fat by eating thereof,and that it yeeldeth verie great ftore of milke. The people of Boetica and Valentia ( where there is great ftore of Cytifus) doe vfe it very much JJ for the hike worme to hang their web vpon after they haue beene well fed with the Ieaues of Mui- beries. ' N Milke Trefoile is likewife a marueilous remedie againft the Sciatica,and all other kinds of gouts. (3 Of bajlardmilkp Trefoile s. Chap. iz. it The kindes. npHere be alfo other TrefoileSjbeingwoodie and fhrubbie plants, of which fbme.be like to the right milke Irefoile. I L . . . ' ?. 9 3l If I it The defeription., r : l ; ’"T 4 His tifeth vp with little ftalkes from theroote, brittle, very many in number, parted into wings & branches, about which grow many Ieaues Idler then thofe of the medow Trefoile, ofcolour greemthe flowers about the tops ofthe twigsbe orderly placed, in maner like eares* i I THE THIRD BoOKE OF THE of colour yellow, letter then thofe of Broome, otherwife all alike : in their places grow vpflende cods,long,narrow, and letter than the cods of Broome ;in which doe lie little blackifh feedes: the roote is long and groweth deepe,and oftentimes creepeth aflope. 2 . The fecond kindeof baftarde rriilkeTrefoile is like vnto the former in plentiful! ftalkes anc twigs, but that it is lower and more downie; neither do the ftalkes thereof ftande vpright, butra ther incline to the one fide: the Ieaues alfo are fomewhat greater , but yet lefier than thofe of tht mcdowTrefoile: the flowers likewife be clofelierioinedtogither, and compared as it were into a little head, and be alfo fomething greater: the coddes in like maner are a little bigger and hairie The roote groweth deepe in the grounde,being diuided into a few fprigs jit oftentimes happeneth £o grow in one place more hairie or downie than in another: the more hairie and downie it is the more white and hoarie it is; for the hairines doth alfo bring with it a certaine whitifh colour.* I PfeudocytifUi i 2 Pfeudocytifu* 2. The firft baftard lhrub Trefoile, The fecond baftard fhrub Trefoilc. The defection. 3 1 he third kinde of baftard milke TrefoiIe,bringeth foorth a company of yoong fhootes that arc lomewhat writhed and crooked, long Ieaues of a faire greene colour: the flowers are clofed togi- therjong^whne, or elfe galbineus, fweedy fmelling, that is to fay, hauing the fmell of honie: the shrub it felrc is alwaies greene both fbmmer and winter, 4 The fourth fhrubbe is likewife one of the wilde kinde, though in face and ftature like the manured Cytifuslt gioweth vp like a fmall fhrub or hedge bufh to the height of two or three yards; on whole blanches do growe three rough or hairie Ieaues, fet vpon a flenderfooteftalke,ofa grade greene colour: the flowers grow alongft the ftalkes from the middle to the top, of a bright fhining yellow colour: me roots is likewife woodie, 5 Tfeu do 1127 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The place. Thefe kinds ofMilkcTrefoiles arc founde in Morauia^ fo called in our age, which in times pad was named Marcomannorumprouincia , and in the vpper Pannonia, o :herwife called Auftria , neere vnto high w aies,and in the borders of fieldcs; for they feeme after a fort to ioy in the fhade. ft The time. They flourifh efpecially in Iune and Iuly. ft The names. Itiseuidentinoughthatthey arebaftardkindesof JVkilkeTrefoiles , and therefore they may be called, and plainly termed Pfeudocytifs, or baftard Milke Trefoiles,or Cytifi'fylueflres, that is to fay, wilde Milketrefoiles. ft The temperature anc\ vert ties. What temperature theiefhrubs are of,or what vertues they haue we knowe not, neither haue A we as yet found out by our ownc experience any thing, and therefore referred to the other Milke Trefoiles. Of the venomous tree Trefoile. Qbap.iy ft The defeription. I ^T^He venemous tree Trefoile of Montpelier, hath many tough and pliant ftaIks,tvvo or three cubitshighjdiuidedintofundrie/mall twiggie branches, befet with leaues three togither, placed from ioint to ioint by /paces, fomewbathoarie, veiie like vnto theleauesof Cytifm , or Rue: among which come foonh many ft nail mo/fie dowers, tuftfafhion, in (mail bundles like aofegaies, and very like the flowers of the Oliuc or Oke tree, which turne into finall roundifh biad- krs,as it were made of parchment: wherein is conticined blacke feede like wilde Lotus, but in cade ike the wilde Tare 3 the whole plant is of an vn/auoricfmeli 3 the roote is thicke , and of a woodier ubftance,. Jj d a d % _ 3 2 The / ni8 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 2 The Spanilh venemons Trefoile hath a woodie flalke, rough & hoarie, diuided into other fmall branches, wheron do grow leaues like the precedent;the flowers grow on the tops of the branches like thofe of die Peafe,and of a yellowe colour, wherein it differed! from the precedent. l Dorychnkm Mon(p die nfium. The vcnempus Trefoile of Montpelier. 2 Dorychnium Ht(j>anicum. The venemous Trefoile ofSpaine. he flue. Thele venemous Trefoiles growe in Narbone, on the barren and ftonie craggie mountaines, at Frontignana,and about the fea coaftes,and are Grangers in England. 'k The time. They flourifn from Maie to the end of I une. k The names. Dorycnium, or Aopwctw, is that poifonous or venemous plant wherewith in times pad: they vied to poifbn their arrow heads,or other weapons, thereby to do the greater hurt vnto thofe whom they did aifaile or purfue,whereupon it tooke his name: great controuerfle hath beene among Herba- rifls what maner of plant Dorycnium fhould be, fome faying one thing, and fome another: which controuerfies and fundry opinions are very well confuted, by the true cenfure of Rondelctius , who hath for a definitiue fentence fet downe the plant described for the true Dorycnium^nd none other, which may be called in Englifh venemous tree Trefoile. & The temperature . Dorycnium is very colde,without moiftning. He Thevsrtues. Venemous Trefoile hath notone good qualitie that lean read of, but it is apeflilent venemous plant,as hath beene laid in the defeription. Of the Jhrnb Trefoile ^called aljo TATafobate. Chap a 4.. k The defeription. T Hisfhrubbic plant called Foletnonium, hath manic woodie twigs, growing to the height of fower or flue cubits 3 bailing fmall twiggie branches, of adarke greene colour, garnifhed * with HISTORIE OF PLANTS. int> with irnall leaues of a decpe greene colour 3 alwaies three ioined togither vpon litt'e foota ftalkes, like the Cytijus b ufh,or the ficlde Trefoi!e,bu.t (mailer: the flowers be yellowc, and rounde, dunded into Hue or fixe parts, not much vnlikc the ycllowelalmine , which, hath caufcd many to cai ic yellow Iafmine,cuen to this day: when the flowers be vaded, there fucceede fmall rounde beirics asbiggeas a Peafe,ofablackepurpli(Ti colour when they be ripe, which being broken will die or colour the fingers like Elder berries: within thefe berries is concerned a fmali flat (cede, like vn to Lentils': the roote is long and fmall, creeping hither and thither vnderthe earthy putting fooitii newe fpringes or fhootes in fundry placcs 3 whereby itwoonderfully increafcdi. VolemomtmJhc T nfoUum frut leans. Shrubbie frefoile. k 7 hep Uce. It groweth plentifully in the countrey ofMont" peilier at Newe Cadle vpon thedriehils , and hot bankes of the Oliue fieldes, and in the fto- nie fieldcs and wood of Gramuntiumrit groweth in my garden, and in other Herbarids gardens in Hnglande. k The time. It flowreth in fommen the fleece is ripe in Am tumne; the fhrub it felfe is alwaies greene 3 and hath a lading roote. k The names. Mod docall it Cytifwbut we had rather name i t Trtfolwm frut.c ns: for it doth not agree with Cytijus or milk Tre(oiIe,.as in the chapter before it is plaine inough by his description , vnleflfe it beCytifits Marc or Marcelius his rnilkeTre- foilc, with which peraduenture. it minhr be thought to haue fome likenefie, if the flowers which are yellow were white, ox galbim usyhzxis to fay blewc. There be ditiers al(b, that rake this Trefoile to be Polemoninm f fofafmtich as the Icaues heereof leeme to be fomewhat like thofe of common Rue, but Polcmontum hath not the kafe ot com¬ mon Rue, otherwife called Herb-grace;but of the other, that is tofay,ofS.IohnsRue: it is cal¬ led in Englifh fhrubbie Trefloile,or Makebate. k 7 he temperature. Pokmonium is of temperature dry in the (econd degree 3 with (bm e ac rimonie or fharpnes. . k The vert ties. This fhrubbie or fruticall plant, hath fo many Angular and excellent vertues contained in ir 3 that A fome haue called it by the name chikcdtmamisfnzi is 3 hauing an hundred properties. It is very cifedhiall againd the dingingof Scorpions,and ( as fome write ) if a man holde it in his B hand,he cannotbe hurt with the biting of any venemous bead. Being taken in vineger it is very good for thofe that are lplecnctike 3 and whole (plcene or milt is C affe&ed withoppilations or doppings. If the roote betaken in wine ithelpeth againd thebloudie flixe,itprouoketh vrine being drunke 13 with water jfcoureth away grauelf and eafeth the paine and ache called the Sciatica, , The plant Papiuer (j)ttmeum 3 called Spading Poppie, is called of (ome chiliodynamis: whether E Diofcandcs did attribute the hundred vertues thereunto or to this plane (called among the learned in b/iompQlici)Po.emontumjdHeth dilputable. T>ddd ; Of 1130 ihe third books of the Of "Broome Q:ap. 15. . # 1 he kmdes. \ t i here be diuers forts of Broome 5 differing in diuers rcfpe£s 3 as fhall be declared. & The defertption. fpring {lender ^ atn orrat ^ er woodie branches; from which do rooteis hard and woodv feir'h * cc ,“'d #-M ‘‘: ' ome ‘h<ngbrownil 1 r and leffer then Lintils: the it°n";p" Tl-vmoX^00. tn dttters nt^e, anotlter plane ofthc colour of aI1 Olen Ictfc, ? U , nt ^°T S « t0 r °° tcs °^roome,biege beWe, and fmaller S“E l»t ° f3 >; c!!oW,ni P-'P' whin :from u 4 h doth t fe a ftaifec a 3 Gemfa II$I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 2 Cenifh Hifinnica. 4 GeniftaterimfolU . *ft Thedefcrtption. 3 The Spanifh Broome hath Iikewife woodie ftems,from whence grovvc vp (lender pliant twigSj which be bare and naked without leaues,or at the leaft hauing but fewc frnall leaues, fet heere and there farre diftant one from another, with yellow flowers not much vnlike the flowers of common Broome,but greater, which turne into frnall long cods,wherein is concerned browne and flat feed: the roote is tough and woodie. 4 Small leafed or thinne leafed Broome,hath many.tough pliant (hootes rifingoutofthe ground, which grow into hard and tough (talks, which are diuided into diners twiggie branches, whereon do grow very imall thinne leaues,of a whitifh colour; whereupon (bme haue called it Geniftd aloa, white broome: the flowers grow at the top of the ftalks,in fhape like thole of the common Brcoaij but of a white colour, wherein it efpecially differeth from the reft of the Broomes. 5 EngUllaDwarfte Broome hath many twiggie branches, very greene, tough, (bmewhat ftraked 01 cornered,leaning toward the ground : whereon do growe leaues fet without order, (bmetimes twotogither, and often three or fower growing fall togither, like vnto the common Broome, greene on the vpperfide,hoarie vnderneath,and of a bitter tafle: among which leaues come foorth yellowe flowers like thofe of common broome , but lefler, of little or no (mell at all: after which appeere frnall cods,(omewhat hairie, wherein is conteined frnall feede: the roote is tough and woodie. ; •• 6 The Dwarffe Broome of Hungarie hath ftalkes and yellowe flowers, like thole of the lad de¬ feated: the leaues heereof are different, they are longer and moe in number: the whole plant is altogither greater 3 wherein efpecially conlifleth the difference. Dddd 4 5 chgmagenifi* I ...» ii S 2 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 5 Cham&geniJlA ^Anglica. Englifh Dvvarffe Broome. 6 Chamtgenijla Pannomca. Dvvarffe Broome of Hungarie. tfr Theplace. The common Broome groweth almoft cuery where in dry pafturcs and lowe woods. 1 he Broome Rape is noctobefound but where Broome doth growe ■> it groweth in a Broome heldeat the foote of Shooter shill next to London; vponHampfteede Heath, and diuets other places. Spanifh Broome groweth in diucrskingdomesofSpaine, and Italy; we haue it in our London gardens. The whire Broome groweth likewife in Spaine and other hot regionsjit is a ftranger in England*, of this Titm Calphurnim maketh mention in the lecond Eclogof his BucolickeSj writing thus, Cernis n Jteccepater^quas tradtdtt Grnite vacca M ollefub hirfuta latm expltcucre gentjla . See father,how th6 Kine ftretch out their tender fide Vnber the hairie broome^that growes in fields fo wide. # The time. Broome flowreth in the end of Aprill or Maie, and then theyoong buds of the flowers are to be gathered, and laid in pickle or fait,which aftewards being wafbed and boiled, are vfed forfallades, as Capers be, and be eaten with no lefle delight: the cods and feedes be ripe in Augufl:; the Rape appeereth and is leene efpccially in the month oflune. The Spanifn Broome doth flowerfboner,andis longer in flowring. The names. This fhrub is called in Latine Genijla, or as fome woulde haue it Genefla: in Italian Geneflra * in Spanifh likewife Genejlrapt Giejlra: in high Dutch PfriHURCH t in lowe Dutch 'B^RUin French Genejl: inEnglifh Broome. •& The temperature and vertues. A The twigs,flowers 3 and feedes of Broome are hot and dry in the fcconde degree: they are alfo of - - --- ' -• _ a HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1135 a thinnc eftence,and arc offorcetoclenfeand open, and efpecially the feede,which is drier and not fo full of fuperfluous moifture. The deco&ion of the twigs and tops of Broome doth clenfe and open the liuer, milt, and kid- B neies. It draweth away by the ftoole watery humours ,and therefore it is wholefbme for thofe that haue C the dropfie, efpecially being made with wine, but better for the other infirmities with water. The feede alfb is commended for the fame purpofes. D There isalfo made of the afhes of the ftalkes and branches dried and burnt, a lie with thin white E wine, as Rhenifh wine, which is highly commended of diuersfor thegreene ficknesand dropfie, and this doth mightily expell and driue foorth thin and waterie humors togither with thevrinc, and that by the bladder; butwithallit doth by reafonof his fharpe cjualicie many times hurt and fret the in trades. UWeJues faith,that there is in the flowers and branches a cutting moifture,but full of excrements, F and therefore it caufeth vomite: and that the plant doth in all his partes trouble,cut, attenuate;and violently purge by vomite and ftoole, flegrne and raw humors out of the ioints. But thefe things are not written of Broome, but o (spartum, which purgeth by vomite, after the G manner of Hellebor,as both Diofcoridcs and Plime do teftifie. Mefoes alfo addeth,that Broome doth breake the ftone of the kidneies and bladder, and fuffereth H not the matter whereof the ftone is made to lie long,or to become a ftone. The yoongbuds or little flowers preferuedin pickle, and eaten as afallad, ftir vp an appetite to I meate,and open the ftoppings of the liuer and milt. The fame being fully blowen, ftamped and mixed with fwincs greace, do eafe the paine of the K goute. And <JMe(ues vvriteth, that this tempered with honie of Roles, or with an eg,doth confume away L the Kings euill. The rape of the Broome or Broome rapc,being boylcd in wine, is commended againft the pains M of the kidneies and bladder,prouoketh vrine,breaketh the ftone,and expellcth it. The iuice prefled foorth of Broome rape healeth greene wounds, andclenfetholdeandfilthicN vlcers: the later phifitions do afhrme that it is alfb good for olde venemous and malicious vlcers. That woorthie Prince of famous memorie Hcnrtc the eight King of England, waswoontto O drinkc the diftilled water of Broome flowers againft furfets,and difeafes thereof arifing. Sir T homos Fitzharbert Knight,was woont to cure the blacke iaundies with this drinke onely. P Take as many handfuls (as you thinke good) of the dried leaues of Broome gathered and braied to powder in themonethof May, then take vnto cachhandfullof the dried leaues, onefpoonefull and a halfe of the feede of Broome braied into powder: minglcthefe togither,and let the fick drink thereof each day a quantitie,firft and laft,vntill he find fome eafe. The medicine muft be continued and fb long vfcd,vntill it be quite extinguifhed: for it is a difeafe nox very fuddenly cured, but muft by little and little be dealt withall. Orobanchor Broome rape diced and put intooyleoliue, to infufe or macerate in the fame, as R ye do Rofes for oyle ofRofes,fcowreth and putteth away all fpocs,lentils,freckles,pimples,wheales and pudies from the face,or any part of the body,being annointed therewith. Diofcorides writeth, that Orobanch may be eaten either rawe or boiled, in manner as vvevfeto S cate the fprigs or yoong fhootes of The flowers and feedes of Spanifh Broome are good to be drunke with Meade or honied water T in the quantitie of a dram, to caufe one to vomite with great force and violence euen as white Hel- lebor,or neefing powder. If it be taken alone, itloofeneth the belly,'driuing 1 foorth great quantitie of waterie and filthie V humors. Ofbafe TSroome^rgreening Weede. Q :a ±' 1 ^ The kindest HP Here be diuers fortes of Greene wecde,or Greening weede, fome of our countrie, and others * of beyond the feas, which here are ftrangers. I CemshlU THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE I Gent fella t'mcloria* Grccncweede or Dicrs weede. 2 Genifella inf effort*.. Woodie Dicrs weede. iejbe defer tytloft. 1 'Hp His bafe kinde of Broome called Greene weede or Dicrs weede, hath many tough bran- | chcs proceeding from a woodie roote: whereon do growe great ftore of leaues, of a deepe greene colour, fomewhat long like thole of Flaxe. The flowers growe at the top of the branches not much vnlike the leaues of Broome,but fmaller; of an exceeding faire yellow colour, which turne into fmall flat cods,wherein is contained a little flat feede. 2 Carolus CIn fun fetteth footh another kind of Broome,which Dcdcn&us calleth Geni fa tincloria , being another fort of Dicrs weede: it groweth like the Spanifh Broome, vpon whofc branches do growe long and fmall leaues like Flaxe, greene on the vpperfide, and of an hoariefhining colour on the other. The flowers growe at the top of the ftalkes,fpike fafhion, in forme and colour like the former :the rootes are thicke and woodie. 3 Carolus Clufus fetteth foorth twokindes of Broome, which are reckoned among the Greening weedesor Diers weedes, and are thought both by and to be of that kinde. The fir ft is a lowe and bafe plant,creeping and lying flat vpon the ground,whofe long branches are no¬ thing elle, but as it were ftalkes confiding of leaues thicke in the midft, and thin about the edges, and as it were diuided with fmall nickes; at which place it beginneth to continue the fame leafe vn- to the end, and fo from leafe to leafe, vntillithaueincrcafed a great fort, all which do as it were make one ftalke; and hath no other leaues, fauing that in fomc of the nicks or diuifions, therecom- meth foorth a fmall leafe like a little care. At the end of thofe flat and leafed ftalkes come foorth the flowers, much like the flowers of the common Greening weede, but lefier, and of a yellow co- lour,which turne into fmall cods.The rootes are very long,tough and woodie,full of fibres,clofing at the top of the roote,from whence they proceedc as from one body. 4 This kinde of Greene weede called of ibme chowa(parturn, hath a thicke woodie roote: from which rifeth vp diners long leaues, confiding as it were of manypeeces fettogitherlikeapaireof Beacies(as may better be perceiued by the figure,than exprefied by words) green on the vpper fide, — --- and HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1135 and whmfti vnderneath,very tough, and as it were of a rufhie fubftancc: amonp which rife vo very fmall naked ruftne ftalks 5 on the top whereof groweth an earc or fpike of a chaffie matter, hauini here and there in the faid care diuers yellow flowers like Broome,but very fmall or little. 3 Gen file [la pinnate. Winged Greene weede. 4 Gemflc!UglobuUt/i- Globe Greene weede. 5 Ge vifiella Lagop 0 rdzs maior. Hares foote Greene weede. 5 GenifielU Lagopoidis minor. Smal Green weed with Hares foote flower \ •?* I • f* M C - ills THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •Is The defcription. 5 The 5 ft Greeneweede hath a woody tough roote,with certaine firings annexed thereto .-from which rife vp diners long, flat leaues, tough and veryharde, confiding as it were of many little leaues,fet one at the end of another , making of many one entire leafe, of a greene colour ; among which comefoorth dmersnaked hard ftalkes, very fmall and ftiife,on the tops whereof (land fpi kie cares of yellows flowers, like thofc of Broome, in (Tape like that great three leafed grade, called t^ilopecHroidcS) or like the Foxetaile grade: after which come flat cods, wherein is inclofed fmall feede like to Tares both in tafte and forme, 6 This differeth not from the precedent, inflates, roctes, andlcaues: the flowers confift of a fiockie formatter, notvnliketothegr dietiift of Foxetaile, refembling the flower of Lagopus , called in Lacine Pes Leporispx Hares foote, wherein it chiefely differeth from the other of his kind. ft 7 he place. Diets weede,gtoweth in mod fertill padures and fields alrnod eue- in England. ft The time. They flower from the beginning of Inly to the end of Augud. ft T he names. Thefirfl ofthefe Greencweeds is named of moft Hcibarids Flos TinBor'rm , but more rightlie G'-njia 7 ^^mtofthisi*//^ hath made mention; the Grceneweedes faith he, do growe to die clothes wi: h; in his 18.booke i ^.chapter. It is called in high Dutch j] CtblUttlrlljand♦ in Italian Cerretia^ and Ccjarta, as Maihsolt.u wrireth in his chapter oi Lyfimachia > oi Looieftrife: in EngKlTi Diers Greening Weede, Bafe Broome,and Woodwaxen. The red we refene to their feuerall titles. ft 7 he temperature and vertues. ^ Thefe plants are like vnto common Broome in bitternes , and therefore are hot and drie in the fecond degree : they arelikewife thought to be in vertues equal!, notwithdandingtheirvfeis notfo well knowne,and therei ore not vfed at all,where the other may be had: we fhall not neede to Ipeak of the vie chat Diers make thereof,being a matter impertinent to our Hiftorie. Of Spanijh bafeHroomes . Chap a j . ft 1 he kindes . . » *T“*Herebe diuefs forts of bafe Broomes,whofe feuerall tides and deferiptions, fhall fufficientlie i diftinguifh the fame. I r T~ ? He fird of the bafe or baftard Broomes growing naturally in Spaine, hath a woodie roote: I from which rife vp twiggie branches very tough and pliable, and of a greene colour; whereon are fet long fat leaues without ord. r, and farre in funder, like thofe of Flaxe: the flowers growe at the tops of the branches,of a golde yellow colour, in fnape like thofe of our com¬ mon Broome4 but gieater; after which come long cods, wherein is the feede like the other Broomes. 2: This naked Broome groweth vp to the height of a man: thc/ftalke is rough,and void of leaues, very greene and pliant ; which dihidech it felfe into diners twiegie branches,greene,and tough like ruflnes: the flowers grow along the fialksiike thofe of Bioome,bt:c of a white colour, wherin it dif¬ fereth from all the i ed of his kinde. 3 This kinde of bale Broome differed! not from the precedcntinany rdpetft, failing that this plant is altogither leffer,wherein conftfteth the efpeciall difference. The flrft being our common ry whcre.The reft are ftrangers i Pfeudo' historic of r Pfeudo (bar turn Hifpanictm . 3 Pfeudofla rtjim album K-Aphyllum. The white leaftes Spanidi Broome. PLANTS. 1137 2 Pfeudo (par turn Hifpamcum a>uW- Spanifh Broome without leaues. •&The place. Thcfe growe in thcprouincesof Spaine, and are in one place higher and more bufhie,and in an other lower. & The time. The timeanfwereth the other Broomes. •feThe names. Thisbafc Spanifh Broome is called in Greece ffWpTO’: the Latinesvfe the fame name, calling it fometimes Spartum, and Spartium: in Spanifh Re- Englifh Spanifh Broome, andballarde Spanifh Broome. *k The temperature and vertucs. Both'the (cedes andiuice of the branches of A thc(e bale Broomes,wherewith they in Spaine and other hot regions do tie their vines, doe mightihe drawe,as Galen writeth. Diofcorides faith,that the (eedes and flowers be- B ing drunke in the quantitie of a dram, with nieade or honied water,doth caufe one to vomite drong- ly,euen as the Hellebor , or Neezing powder doth : but yet without icopardie or danger oflife : the feede purgeth by doole. The iuice which is drawr.e from outof the bran- Q ches deeped in water,being fud bruicd.is a teme- die for thole that be tormented with the Sciatica, and 1138 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE and for thofe thatbe troubled with the Squincie, if a draught thereof be drunke in the morning* ibme vfe to fteepe thefe branches infea watered togiue the fame in a glitter, which purgeth forth bloudie and flimie excrements. OjFurzys/jorffeJVhimejrprickley ‘Broome. Cbap.18. # Thekindes . 1 / 'T t Here be diners forts of pricklcy Broome,called in our Englifh toong, by fundry names accor- ding to thefpeech of the countrey people where they do growe, in fome places Furzes, in others Whinnes and Gorfle,and of fome pricklie Broome. 1 Gent ft aftinofa mator. Great Furze bufh. 2 Genifta fpznofk minor* The fmall Furze bufh. 'He Furze bufli is a plant altogithet a thorne, fully armed with moft fharpe prickles, with¬ out any Ieaues at all ,except in the fpring onely,and thofe very fewe and little, and quicklie falling away: it is a bufhie fhrub, oftentimes rifing vp with many woodie branches to the height offower or hue cubits or higher, according to the nature ofthefoile where they growe: the greateft and higheft that I did e uer fee do groweabout Excefter in the weft parts of Englande, •where the great ftalkes are deerely bought, for the better fort of people^ and the fmall Thorney fpraies for the poorer fort : from thefe Thorney braunches growe little flowers,like thofe of Broome, and of a yellowe colour, which in hot Regions vnderthe extreme heate of the funne, are of a verie perfedt red colour: in the colder countries of the eaft , as Danzicke 3 Bruf wicke, and Polande, there is not any branche heereof growing, except fome fewe plants and feedes that my felfe hauefent toElbing, otherwife called Meluin, where they are moft curioufly kept HfSTORIE OF PLANTS. 1139 1 kept in their fairer: gardens,as alfo our common Broomc,the which I haue fent thitherlikewife.be- ingfirft defired by diners earned letters :tne cods follow the flowers, which the Graucr hath omit¬ ted, as a Germaine who had neuer feene the plant it felfe,but framed the figure by hearfay:the root is ftrong,tough,and woodie. 2 To this may be ioined another kinde ofFurze,which bringeth foorth certaine branches that be very {lender,fet round about at the firft with {mail leaues,and little harmeleflc prickles, which after they haue been a yecre old,& the Ieaues gone, they be armed onely with mod hard fharpe prickes: the flowers heereof are ofa pale yellow colour, lefler then thofe of Broome,yet o{ the fame forme: the cods are fmall,in which do lie little round reddifh {cedes: the roote is tough and woodie. 3 GeniJInJpinofa:flare albo„ White flowred Furze. OL 4 Genifia fpmofa htmilii. Dwarffe or lowe Furze, *. 7 he defertptian. 4 We haue in our barren grounds of the north parts of England another fort of Furze, bringing foorth the like prickley thornes that the others haue; the onely difference confifteth in the colour of the flowers 5 for the others bring foorth yeilowe flowers, and thofe of this plant are as white as fnowe. . • . . ' 4 1 here is another vpon our harren Heathie groundes of thefe fbutherly parts, which groweth lowe and dofe to the ground; for the moft part the bufh it felfe groweth round like a cocke of haie. in flowers and thornie branches it differeth not from the greateft Furze. 5 This (mail kinde of Furze, growing vpon Hatnpfteed Heath neere London, and diners other barren grounds,where in Vnarier nothing elfe will grow; hath many weake and flexible branches of a woodie lubftance ; vv hereon do grow little Ieaues like thofe of Time: among which are fet in num¬ ber infinite moft fharpg prickles, hurting like needles,whereof it tooke his name: the flowers grow on the tops of the branches like thole of Broome 3 and of a pale yeilowe colour; the roote is tough and woodie. >c% * $ The \up THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE *<& 7he defer ipt ion. 6 Thefmalleftof all the Furze is thatoftheancientSjCalled^^orfcorpioHFur^asthevvord Nepa feemeth to import: it is a ftranger in England,it hath beene touched of the ancients in name onely,which fault they haue beene all and euery of them to be complained of, being fo breefe that nothing can be gathered from their delcription: and therefore referring what might heereof be faidc to a further confideration. 5 Genifia aculeate. Needle Furzes or petie Whinne. 6 G enifia a culeata minor fue Nepa Theophyafti . Scorpion Furzes. theplace. The common fort heereof are very well knownc to growe in paftures and fieldes in mod places of England. The reft are likewife well knowne to thofe that curioufly obferue the difference. & The time. They flower from the beginning of Maie to the end of September. He The names. Furze is commonly called Genijla(pinofa: in high Dutch X in Englifh Furze, Fur- zenbufhes, Whinne, Gorfle,and Thorne Broome. This thorney Broome is taken for Tbeophraflus his Scorpio, which Gaza nameth Tfepaw. he name Scorpius in plinte is that is to fay,fignifying many things,and common to certaine plants: For befidcs this Scorpius oi which he hath made mention in his 2 5.booke 5.chapterj fetting downe Thcophraftushiswoxds^whzichzmaVzxhi^tfconitumTheliphonon to be Scorpius > in his 23.booke I o.chapter j and likewife other plants vnder the fame title,but vnproperly. & The temperature and vertues. There is nothing written in Thcophrafus concerning the faculties of ScorpiusJpinofus, or Furze: Tlinie feemeth to attribute vnto itthe fame vertues,that Scorpio ides hath: notwithftanding f he later writers do agree,that it is hot and dry of complexion: the feedes &re vfed in medicines againft the Hone 3 and flaying of the laske. HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1141 Of Cammocl\Fur^e > c ReHHarrow/jrpetieJVbinne. Chap.19. ft T he kindes. Here bcdiucrs forts of Reft Harrow, which lomchaue infertedamongrhefmooth Broome's; * others among thofe with prickles,whereoffome haue purple flowers, and likewile full of pric¬ es. oc hers white flowers,andlharpe tnorncs;fome alfopurple flowers,others white,and alfo yel¬ low*,and euery of them voidc of prickleSi T I Anonisfiue Refit Bouis. CammockjOrReft Harrow. 2 Anoniiflore a the. Commock with Vvhite flowers. ft The defer ipt ion, 1 jr~\ Ammock or ground Furze, rifeth vp with ftalkes a cubire high, and often higher, let with f diners iointed branches,tough,pliable, and full of hard fharpe thornes: among which do» grow leaues,in forme like thofe of Saint Iohnswoort, or rather of theLentill, of adeepe greene colour: from the bofome of which thornes and leaucscome foorth the flowers, like thofe of Peafon,of a purple colour; after which come the cods,in which do lie flat feedc : the roote is long, and runneth farre abroade, very tough and hard to be tome in peeces with the plough , infomuch that the oxen can hardly pafle forward jbut are conftrained to ftande ftill; whereupon it was called Reft Plough,or Reft Harrow. 2 We haue in our London paftures, and likewife in other places, one of the Reft Harrowes,not differing from the precedent in ftalkes, leaues, or prickles; the onely difference is, that this plant bringeth foorth white flowers,and the other not fo. I Reft Harrcrw without thornes hath a tough,horie,rough ftalke,diuided into other rough bran¬ ches : whereon arc fet without order,long leaues, fharpe pointed, (lightly cut about the edges, of an hoiie colour,and fomewhathairie:from the bo fome whereof commerh foorth purple Pealelike flowers,ofa reasonable goodfmell: the roote is very tough,long,and woodie. Eeee i 4 Tbe 1142 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE flowers beereofare of a golde yellow colour,wherein it differethfrom all the^othTr^hisUnde! ^ 3 0 /'lonis nonJpinofapurpurea, Ptuple Reft: Harrow without prickes. 4 AnoniiflueJfuna lute a. Yellow Reft Harrow. r . tf & Theplace. andHX” "A PJft wes, and in die borders of fieldes, in a far, fruitefu and long Iaftmgfoile : itisfooncrfoundcchendcfiredof husbande men bicaufethe tonnhan J^roowrecooJwfcM vnt0 * he "» byr e^o n they do ftaie the ptough, and make the Oxe oi r aretvufh n r^r^ in ^5'" S rowne in Ancumne, and then thofeths o. nature are pr,cldy,be fulieft of fharpe thornes: they flower in Inly and Auguft. r AkThe names. hammock is called in Greeke’ArawV, or oww, and likewile in T Tf-M-./. „ j ^ h,g : toreftMftS' fT‘ * r *<rtb icaufe it maiteth the oxen wh.lcfi they kin plow thftpafleby :inFrendr'“ dth ° meSWhlch P* 1 ** ho ‘ modt,ReftHarrow,petie Whinne.andgroundFurzef^ ^ Bcuf&Bcutrmd': inEnguihCam i he route ofCammock is ho t in the third degree’as %kn faith* cuttcth alfo and maiteth thin. a -rr, l r r i , 'kThevertues. foorth! r °° £C drUnkcwithwine P r °uol:eth vrine, breakeththeftone, and driueth i, HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1143 The root boiled in water and vineger,alaieth the painc of the teeth,if the month be often wafhed B therewith very hot. ?//^reporteth,that being boiled in Oxymcl,or the fyrupe made with honieand vineger till the C one halfe be wafted, it is giuen to thofe that haue the falling ficknes: Mathiolm reporteth that he knewpa man cured ofa rupture by taking of the powder ot this roote, for many monethes togi- ther. .. The tender iprings or crops of this fhrnb before the thornescome foorth, are prelerued in pic- D kle 3 and be very pleafant fauce to be eaten with meate as a fallade 3 as D/ofcondes teacheth. 01 ir. , Of (joofeberfm,or Feaberrie bujh . Chap, 2 o. ’ •'.! . : d . is 1 hektndes,, T Herc be diuers forts of the Goofeberries,fome greater ^others Iefte/ome rounde, others long, and fomc of a red colour; the figure of one 3 fhall ferue for the reft. Vua Crijpa. Goofe berries. dcns 3 and elfc where in great abundance. •&The defeript ion. T He Goofeberrie bulla is a fhrub of three or fower cubits high 3 fee thicke with mod fharpe prickles : it is like wife full of bran¬ ches, {lender, woodie, and prickly; whereon do growe leaues 3 rounde, cut withdeepe ga» fhes into diuers parts like thofeof the vine, of a verie grecne colour: the flowers be very final, of a whitifh green, with fome little purple da'fhe heerc and there;thc fruit is round growing fcat- teringly vpon the branches, greene at the firft, but waxing a little yellow through maturitie;ful ofawinie mice ,!fomthingfweete in tafte when they be ripe, in which is conteinedhard feed,of awdiitifh colour : therooteis woodie and not without firings annexed thereto. There is another whofe fruitc is almoft as bigge as a finall cherrie, and verie rounde in forme: as alfo another of the like bignesof an inch in length; in tafte and fiibftance agreeing with the common fort. We haue alfo in our London gardens ano¬ ther fort altogither without prickes,whofe fruit is verie fmall, lefter by much than the common kinde,but of a perfect red colour, wherein it dif¬ fered! from the reft of his kinde. 7 he place. Thefe plants do growe in our London gar- The time. The leaues come foorth in the beginning of Aprill or fooner i the fruite is ripe in June and Iuly. # The names. This fhrub had no name among the old writers,who as we deeme kne we it not, or elfc efteemed it not: the later writers call it in Latine Groffulariap. nd oftentimes of the berries Vua CnftaVua no, VuaJpinella , and FuaCrtfptna'. in high Dutch fUtlfEltl&r X inlowe Dutch StEftfibEftCn ♦ in Spanifh Vua Crifpa, or Efpina: in Italian Vua fbina: in French Groifdles ' in Englifh Goofeberrie, Goofeberie bull;,and Feaberrie Bufh in Chefhire,my natiue countrie. Eeee 2 &The 1144 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE W The temperature. The berries ofthisbufh before they be ripe, are colde and drie, and that in the later end of the feconddegree,and alfo binding. ' 'V ' > : 'kThevCrtues . A The fruit is vfed in diners favvees for meate, as thofe that are skilfull in Cookerie can better tell then my felfe.. .T;al g They are vied in brothes in fteede of Veriuice ,which maketh the broth not onely pleafant to thd tafte 3 but is greatly profitable to fuch as are troubled with an hot burning ague. ""-J/ q They are diuerfly eaten,but howfoeuer they be eaten they alwaies in gender raw and cold bloud: they nourifh nothing or very little: they alfo fiaie the belly ,andftgach bleedings, j) They flop the menfes,or monethly ficknes 3 cxcept they happen to be taken into a cold flomack then do they not helpe,but rather clogge or trouble the fame by fbme maner of fiixe. E The ripe berries as they are Tweeter,l'o do they alfo little or nothing binde,and are fomthing hot, and yeeld a little more nouriftiment then thofe that be not ripe,and-the fame not crude or rawe,but thefe are feldome eaten or vfed as fauce. - F The iuice of the greene Goofeberries, cooleth all inflammations 3 -Eryfipelas, andSaint Antho¬ nies fire. G They protioke appetite, and coole the vehement heat of the ftomacke and liuer. H The yoong and tender leaues eaten rawe in a fallade , prouoketh vrine, and driueth foorth the (lone and grauell. Of ‘Barberies . Chap . zi. Thekindes. ,y . . e ' ■ - «v..\ -r\v J•& ,f-~ r v ‘ There be diners forts of Barbcries 3 fome greater 3 others kfler,and fome without (tones* • ^ > ‘ 1 yy tfc 7 he defeription. T He Barberie plant is an high flhrub or bufbjhauing many yoong ftraightfhoQtes and branches,very full of white and prick¬ ly themes.? the rinde whereof is finooth and thinne,the vvoode it felfe yellow: the leaues are long 3 very greene 3 (lightly nicked about the edges, and of a fower tafle: the flowers be yel- lowe, (landing in clufters vponlongflemstin their places come vp long berries 3 (lender, red when they be ripe 3 with a little harde kernell or (lone within; of a fower and fharpe tafle : the rooteis yellowe, difperfeth it felfe far abroad, and is or a woodie fubftance. We hauc in our London gardens another (ort 3 whofe finite is like in forme and fubflance, but oneberrie is as big as three of the common kinde,wherein confiflech the difference. We haue likewife another without any (lone, the finite is like the reft of the Barberies 3 both in fubflance and cafte. he place. The Barberie bufn groweth of it felfe in vn- toiled places and defart grounds,in woods,and the borders officldes, efpecially about a Gen¬ tlemans houfe called Mailer Monke , dwelling in a village called liter, two miles from Col- brotfke Spina acida fit? Oxyacantha. 1 he Barberie bufh. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 1145 brooke, where mod: of the hedges are nothing elfe but Barberie bullies. They are planted in gardens in moft places of England. k 7 he time. The ieaues fpring foorth in Aprill: the flowers and fruit in September. k The names. Galen calleth this Thorne in GrceLe^a'^'S^, who maketh it to differ from in his book of the Faculties of Ample medicines: but more plainly inhisbooke of the Faculties of Nourifh- mentsjwhere he reckoneth vp the tender Ipringsof Barbaries among the tender fhootes that are to be eaten,fuch as Oxyacantbtu, or the Hawthorne bringeth not foorth, wherein he planly made d difference betweene Oxyacantba the Barberie bufh,and Oxyacantba the Hawthorne tree. D iofeorides hath made mention of thisThorne,for that which he calleth Oxyacantha in the Foe- minine gender,is Galens Oxyacantbta in the Mafculine gender. ^iuicen leemeth to conteinc boththele fhmbsvnder the name of Amyrberis, butweknowe they are neither of affinitie or neighbourhood,although they be both prickly. Thefhrubitfelfe is called in fhops Barberies of the corrupted name Amyrberis: ofthe later writers Crefp.’nus : in Italian Crcfpino: in Spanifh Efpino cle maiuelas: in high Dutch PaiffClfcCej* i in lowe Dutch ^aufebcom t in French EJfrine vinette : and thereupon by a Latine name Spiniuineta, Spina acida, and Oxyacantba Galeni . k The temperature. The Ieaues and berries of this thorne are cold anddriein thefecond degree: and as Galen alfo affirmeth,they are ofthinne parts,and haue a certaine cutting qualitie. k Thevertues. The Ieafles are vfed of diners to feafon meatc with,and in fteed of a lallade, as be thole of Sorell. \ The decodlion thereof is good againft hot burning and cholericke agues: it alaieth theheate of g the bloud,and tempereth theouermuch heate of the liuer. The fruite or berries are good for the lame thin gs,and be alio profitable for hot Iaskes , r and for Q the bloudy flixe.and they ftaie all maner of fuperfluous bleedings. The greene Ieaues of the Barberie bufh ftamped, and made into fauce, as that made of Sorrell, D called greenefauce,dothcooIe hot ftomackes, and thofc that are vexed with hot burning agues, and procureth appetite. The conferue made of the fruite and fugar, performeth all thole things before remembred, but E with better force and fuccefle. The rootes of the tree fteeped for certaine daies togither in ftrong lie,made with allies of the afh F tree,and the haire often moiftned therewith maketh it yellow. Ofthe white Thorne,or Hawthorne Tree . fhap.il. % " 1 $ Thekindes. '’’PHere be two forts of the white Thorne T rees deferibed of the later writers,one very common in moft parts of England: there is another very rare, and not founde in Europe, except in fome fewe rare gardens of Germanic; which differethnot from our common Hawthorne, lauing that the fruit hereofis as yellow as Saffron: we haue in the weft of England one growing at a place cal¬ led Glaftenburie, which bringeth foorth his flowers about Chriftmas, by the report of diuers of good credite,who haue feeue the fame; but my felfe haue notfeene it, and therefore leaue it to be better examined. k ihedefcription. 1 / “TPHe white Thorne is a great fhrub growing oftentimes to the height of the Pcare tree: the trunke or bodic is great: the boughes and branches hard and woodie,let full of long fharp thornes: the Ieaues bebroadc,cut with deepe gafhes into diuers le&ions, fmooth, and of a gliftering greene colour: the flowers grow vpon fpokie rundles, of a pleafant fweetc fmell, Ibme- tiines white,and often dafht ouer with a light wafh of purple; which hath mooued lotnc to thinkc fome difference in the plants .-after which come the fruite,being round berries, greene at the firft, and red when they be ripe; wherein is founde a loft fweete pulpe, and certaine whitifh leede : the foote ^roweth deepe in the ground,of a hard woodie fubftance. Eeec 3 7. Thf ii46 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 2 The fecond and third hau« beene touched in the firft title, notwithftanding I baue thouoht it not vnfit to infert in this place a plant participating with the Hawthorne in flowers and fruit£ and with the Seruice tree in leaues,and not vnlike in fruit alfo. I Oxyacanthus. The Hawthorne tree. 2 K^iria Th r ophraQi. Cumberland Hawthorne. iz The dcfcrr tron. Theophraftushwih fet foorth this tree vnder the name of ^sfrja , which groweth vnto the forme of a fm all tree,delighting to grow in our fhadowie woods of Cumberland and Weftmcrland, and many other places of the North countrie, where it is to be found in great quantitie: butleldomein Spaine,Italie,or any hot region. This tree is garnifhed with many final! branches befet with leaues like the Peare tree, or rather like the Alier kafe.of a darke greene colour aboue,and of a skie colour vnderneath: among rhefe leaues come foorth tufts of white flowers,verie like vnto the Hawthorne flowers ; after which fucceede finall red berries,like the berries of the Hawthorne,& in tafte like the Neapolitane Medlar: the temperature and faculties whereof are not yet knowen. •klht place. The Hawthorne groweth in woods,& in hedges neer vnto high waies almoft euerie where. The fecond is a flrangerm England. Thelafl groweth at Glaftenbune Abbey,as it is credibly reported vnto me. The time. The firft and fecond flower in May, whereupon many do call the tree it felfe the May bufh, as a chiefe token of the commingin of May; the leaues come foorth a little fooner: the fruite is ripe in the beginning of September,and is a food for birdes in winter. & The names. Diofcortdes deferibeth this fhrub, and nameth it ’o&xk&vQ*, in the Feminine gender: and Galen in his booke of the Faculties of Ample medicines, o^vd^rS o?, in the Mafculine gender: Oxyacanthus faith he, is a tree,and is like to the wilde Peare tree in forme,lo be alfo the vermes not vnlike, &c.of Oxyacantha Dsofcorid.es write th thus:It is a tree like to the wilde Peare tree,very fill of Thornes,&c. Scraps• HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1147 Seraph calleth it imyrherii , and fbme faith DhfcoriJ.es would haue it called Wm, but the name Pynnakz meth to belong ,to the yellow Hawthorne: it is called in high Dutch EaOQiiJl^Cft in low Dutch IpaOiCSO^UU in Italian Bagaia: inSpanifh Pirlitero : in French ^Aub-cfone: in Englilh white Thorne 3 Hawthorne tree,and offome Landouers May-biifh. The temperature. The fruit of the Hawthorne tree is verie aft ingent. •ft The vertues. The Hawes or berries ofthe Hawthorne tree as Dnfcorideswriteth , do both ftay thelaske, the menfes,and all other fluxes of blood: fome authors write that the ftones beaten to ponder and gi« uen to drinke,are good againft the ftone. Of Cjoates Thorne, (fhap.i^, 1 Trap, icantha fue JJnna Hirci. Goates Thorne. 2 Spina Hirci minor. Small Goates i home. tft The defeription. I / "T a! He firft T'ragacantha or Goates Thorne, hath many branchie boughes and twigs, flcnder 3 1 and pliant,(o fpread abroad vpon eucry ftde, that one plant doth iometime occupie a g-cac fpace or roome in compafte: the leaues ate {mail, and in iliape like Lentill leaues, whitifh, and fomwnar rnoflie or hairie,fet in rowes one oppoftte againft another: the flower is like the blof- (ome ofthe Lentil!,but much lefter, and of a whitifh colour, and fometimes marked with purple lines or ftreakes : the feede isimlofed infmall cods or husks, alnioft like vnto the wilde Lotusox horned Trefoile: the whole plant on cuery fide is fetfullof fharp prickly Thornes, hard, white, and ftrongrthe rootesrun vnder the ground like Licorice roctes,yellowe within, and blacke without, tough,limmer, and hard to breake: which being wounded in fundi v places with fume iron toole, and'aideintheiunne,atthehigheftandhottefttimeof{ommer, iffueth foorth a cerraine liquor, which be ng hardned by the fame,isthat gumme which is called in fhops 7/ agacantha,and of iome though baibaroufty D/agagant. E eee 4 2 The 1148 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 2 The fecond kinde of 7 ragacantha, isalloaloweandthickefhrub, hailing many fhootes gro¬ wing from one turfe,of a white or grayilh colour, about a cubite high, ftiiFe and woodie:the leaues are like the former,& garded with moft ftiffe prickes,not very fafely to be touched:among the thor- nie leaues come foorth many flowers in (mail tufts like Genijlella, but that they are white; the cods are many > ftraight and thornie like GcnijlelU, wherein are many final white and three cornered feeds asbiggeas Muftard feede. - , i A 3 Voter ion L' ObeUj-fiue P impinclla fjnno^ r a Came vary. Burnet Goates Thorne. •& The defeription. 3 The Grecians haue called this plant N ovtfjk. bicaufeitisgood for’the finewes; itfhouldfeeme that it tooke the name Voter ion of Potrix, bicaufe it louctha waterie or fennie foile : it hath fmali branches and leaues of Tragacantha growing na¬ turally in the trad of Piedmont in Italie. It fprea- deth abroad like a fhrubbe: thebarkeor rindeis blackifh & dry without great moiflure,very much writhed or wrinckledinandout, as that of Tpjpx oxCoryuda : thefharpeprickes hand not in order as T ragacantba, but confufedly, and are finer and three times lefler then thofe of Tragacentha, gro¬ wing much after the maner of LenticuU or Aflra- gains: the feed is fmali and red like vnto Sumach, but lefler. The place. Petrus Bellonim in his nrft bookeof Singulari- tiesreporteth , that there is great plentieheereof growing in Candie vpon the tops of the moun- taines :TheophraJlus faith that it was thought tobe no where but in Candie, but noweitiscerraine that it is found in Achaia,Peioponefus,and alio in Alia : it doth alfo growe in Arcadia, which is' thought not to be inferiour to that of Candie.lt is thought by JdObelius to grow in Languedockein Fraunce, whereof Theophrastus hath written in his 9. bookc, that the liquor or gum iflueth foorth ofit feife, and that it is not needfull to haue the root broken or cur. The beft is that faith Diofcoridespv hich is through Aiming,thin,fmooth,vnmixt, and fweete of fmell and tafle. ft The time. They flower and flonrifh in the fummer moneths. Ihauefbwen the feede of Poterion in April which I receiued from Iottcbimus Gamer anus of Noremberge, that grew in my garden two yeres to¬ gether,and after perifhed by fbme mifchance. it The names . Goates Thorne is called in Greek and of the moft Herbarifts likewife Tragacantha, we may cal! it in Latine Spina Hirci: in French Barbe Renard : and in Englifh for want of abetter name ,G oates Thorne: the liquor or gum that iffueth foorth of the rootes beareth the name alfo of Tragacantha : it is called in fhops GummiTragacxnth as, and in a barbarous maner Gummi 7 raga- eanthi: in Englifh Gumme Dragagant. "P The temperature. This plant in cache part thereof is of a drying facultie without nipping. It doth confblidate or glew togitherfinewes rhat be cut: but the rootes haue that facultie elpecially, which are boiled in wine, and the deception giuen vnto thofe that haue any greefe or hurt in the finewes. Gum Dragagant hath anemplafticke or dawbing qualitie,by reafon wherof it dulleth,or alaieth the fharpenes of humours.and doth alfo fomething drie. ft The ii49 HIST9RIE OF PLANTS. *k Thevertues. The Gumme is lingular good to be licked in with honie againft the cough , roughnefie ’of the A throte,hoarfenes, and all fharpe and thinne rheumes or diltillacions; being laide vnder the toong it taketh away the roughnes thereof. Being drunke with Cuteorihedecodion ofLycorice, it taketh away and alaieth theheate of B vrine:itis alfovfed in medicines for theeies, . The greateft part of thole artificial! beades,fweete chaines 3 bracelets 3 and filch like pretie fweete G things ofpleafure are made harde and fit to be worne by mixing the gumme heereof with other fweetesjbeing firft fteeped in Role water till it be fofr. Of the /Egyptian Thorne . Chap . 24 .. tfr The kindes. % FA lofcorides hath made mention of two lorts of 'Acacia, this whofe figure we hauefetdowne is the right Acacia. ^Acacia Diofcoridis. The AEgyptian Thorne. it The defeription. lofcorides maketh mention of ^Tcacia, whereof the firlt is the true and right Aca¬ cia, which is a fhrub or hedge tree,but not growing right or ftraight vp as other Imall trees do: his branches arewoodie, befet with many hard and long Thomes,about which grow the leaues, compact of many final! leaues clufte- ring about one fide 3 as in the Lentill: the flowers are whitifh, the husks or cods be plaine and flat, yea very broad like vnto Lupines, efpecially on that fide where thefeede grovveth,which is con¬ tained fometimes in one part,- and fometimes in two parts of the huske 3 growing togither in a narowe necke: the feede is Imootii and gliltring. There is a blacke iuice taken out of thefe hus'kes, if they be dried in the fhadow when they be ripej ■ but if when they are not ripe, then it is lornwhat red : fome do wring out a iuice out of the leaues and fruite. There flovveth alio a gum out of this tree,whichis the gum of Arabia, called Gumme Arabicke. Diofcortdes hailing delcribcd Spina ^Acacia, fetteth downe afecond kinde thereof, calling it ^Acacia altera , which hath the three leaues of Rew or Cytiftis 3 and cods like tliofe o iGe/titfeMa , but fomewhat mere blunt at the end, and thicke at the backe like a Rafor, and ftill growerh fore- vvarde narrower and narrower, vntill it come to haue a fharpe edge: in thefe cods arc contained three or fewer flat feedes like Geniftella, which before they waxe ripe are yellow, but afrerwardes blacke : the whole plant groweth to the height of Genifla fpmofapi Gorlle, both in {Tape , height, and refeinblance, and not to the height of a tree, as Mathiolm woulde perfwade vs, but full of fharpe Thornes like the former. ' ' ‘ • * The ii5° THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ft The place. The true Acacia groweth in AEgypt, Paleftina, Lombardie and Syria, as Diofcorides writeth: among the fhrubs and trees that remaine alwaies green, Acacia is no ted for one by Petrus Bellomm in his fir ft booke of Singularities,chap.44. The other Acacia groweth in Cappadocia and Pontus,as Diofcondet writeth: it is alio found in 1 Corfica,and on diners mountaines of Itahe,and likewife vpon all the coaft of Liguria and Lumbar- die,and vpon the Narboncoaft of the Mediterranean lea. l! ft T he time. rJMi Thefe flower in May,and their fruit is ripe in the end of Auguft. ft The names. The tree Acacia is named of the Greci ins euen in our time,and likewife of the Latires Acacia .* it is alfo called Aegyptra fpina This ftrange thorne hath noEnghfh name that I can learne, and therefore it may keepe ftillthe Latine nan e Acatia; yet I haue named it the AEgyptian thorne: the iuice is called alfo Acacia after the name of the plant. The Apothecaries of Germanie do appoint in ftead hereof, the iuice that is prefled foonhof Sloes or Snags, which they likewife call Acacia. Mathiolm pidlureth for Acacia , the tree which the later Herbarifts do call Arlor In- da, to which he hath vntruly added Thornes,that he might belie Acacia, and yet he hat h not made it agree with Diofcorides his defenption. They cal’ thisersfa^W: in Latine '^icach altera, or the other Acacia, and Pontica ^sfcacla, or Ponticke Acacia.The Apothecaries and many Hciharifts knowe it not. - 7 hen.itu*e. The iuice of Acacia,as Galen faitlpconfifteth not ofone ondv fubftaiice,but is of fubftance both colde and earthie, to which a To is coupled a certamc watei ie eflence, and it likewife hath thin and hot partes difperfed in ltfelfe: therefore it is doe in the third degree, and cold In the fir ft if it benoc walked; and in the fecond , if it be walked: for by walking it loleth his fharpe and biting qualme, and the hot partes. ft T he vert ties. The iuice of Acacia ftoppetb thelaske.the inordinarecourfe of womens tcrmes,and mans inuo- iuntarie iftiiecalled Gomrrkaa Tic be drunke in red wine. jg It healeth the Waitings and inflammations of theeies, andmakeththe skin and palmes of the hands finooth after Senpigo , healeth the blifters and extreme heate in the mouth, and maketh the haires blacke that are walked therewith. q It is good,laith Diofcorides ,againfl S. Anthonies fire 3 thc fkingles, ChimetIa,Pterygia,and whit- lowes. p The gum doth binde and fomewbat code: it alio hath ioyned vnto it an ernplaiftick or dawbing qualitie-, by which it dulleth or aluieth the fharpnes of the medicines, wherewith it is mixed. Being applied with the white and yolke of an egge, it will not luffer blifters to rife in the burned oi fealded partes Diofcorides . g The mice of the other, faith Di-of cor ides, doth alfo binde, but it is not fo effeduallnor fo good in dc medicines. Ojhoxe Thorne,and the iuice thereof called Lycium. Qhap. 25 . ft T he description. i Ip) Oxe Thome is a rare plant,in fhape not vnlike theBixerrce, where if ithathbeerie recko- | j ned for a wildekinde, hauing many great branches let full of round and thickeleaues, verie like that of the common Boxe tree: among whicu growe foorch moft lkarpe pricking thornes: the flowers growe among the Ieaues, which yeek e fourth fmal) blackc berries of a bitter tafte,as b’gge as a pepper come: the iuice whereof is fomewhat oilie and of a reddifk colour; which bitteriuice being feton fire,doth burnc with a maruellous cracking and fparkling; the alkes there¬ of are of a red colour: it hath many woodie rootes growing aflope. ' 3 The HtSTORIE OF PLANTS. mt 2 The other Icinde of Pyxacctntha or Lycium , groweth like vnto the common Priuet, hailing fuch like leaues,but fomewhat narrower :the tops of the (lender fprigs are furnifhed with prickes: the roote is tough,and of a woodie (ubftance. & The place. They grow in Cappadocia and Lycia, and in many other countries: it profpereth in rough ola= places, it hath likewife beene founde in Languedoc, and Prouence in Fraunce;^//o?/^writedi that hefounditinPaleftina. Mathto/ui pi&ureth for Boxe Thorne, a plant with Boxe leaues, with very many boughes, and certaine thornes {landing among them; but the notable Herbanll o dnguillitra and others, holde opinion,that it is not the right; with whom we alfo do agree. There is drawne out oft! eleaues'and branches of Boxe Thorne, or as Plinie faith, out of the boughes and rootes being thorowly boiled, a iuice,which is named Lycium . Diofcorides faith,that the leaues and branches muft be fcraied,.and the infulion made many daies in thedecodlion thereofafter which the feaces or woodie fluffe miiftbecalt.aw'ay, and that which remaineth boiled againe till it become as thicke as honie: Pliny faith, that the, Vbqtes and branches are very bitre^and for three daies togither they na il be boded in a copper vefTcll, and the woods and flickes often taken out till the cecodlion be boi'ed to the thicknes oi home. The time. They flower in Februarieand M;arch,and their fruite is ripe in September. „ ii lljen. m s. It is named in Greeke which a man may call in Latine Buxea (J> nai and in Englifh Boxe Thorne,of fome Afles Boxel ree^&prickley Boxe: it is alfo named Lycium of the iuice which is boiled our of it. The iuice is properly called awW, and retaineth in Latine the fame name Lycium; it is termed in Englifh Thorne Boxe. But it leemeth to me, that the original! name Lycium is flccer, being ii5 s the third booke of the being aftrange thing, andknowne to very fewe;the apothecaries know it not, who in fteede thereofdovfeamifle theiuice of the fruite of Woodbine, and that not without great errour,as we haue alreadie written. Diofcorides teacheth tomakeof Rhu p^W^which is good for thofe things that Lycium is, and is vfed when Lycium is not to be had,and it is fit to put it in all medicines in fteede thereof. kThe temperature. Lycium or the iuicc ofBoxe Thorne,is as Galen teacheth,of a drying qualitie,and compounded of <diuerskindesoffubftahces,oneof thinne parts digefting and hot; another earthieand colde, by which it inioyeth his binding facultie: it is hot in a meane, and therefore it is vied for diners pur- pofes. k The vert ties. A Lycium decrcth the fight faith Diofcorides, it healeth the feuruiefeftred fores of the eie lids; the itch; and old fluxes,or diftillations of humours; it is a remedie for the running of the eares; for vl- cers in the gums,and almonds of the throte,and againft the chaps and gallings of the lips and fun- dament. Of c ^Ramme or Harts thorne . Chap.z6 . k Thekindes. A Fter the opinion cfDioforides there be three forts of Rhamttus, one with long, flat, and foft leaues ;the other with white leaues;and the thirde with rounde leaues, which are fomewhat blackifh: Theophraflm and Plinie affirme that there are but two, the one white & the other blacke, both which do beare Thornes: but by the labour and induftrie oi thenewe and late writers, there are found fundry forts moe, all which and euery one of them are plants of awoodie fubftance, ha¬ ying alfo many flraight twiggie,and pliant branches,let with molt fharpe pricking thornes. Rhamnta ter tins Clusij. Ram o i Harts thorne. k The defeription. His is a fhrubbe growing in hedges, and bringing Toorth flraight branches and harde thornes, like to thole of the Hawthorne,with little leaues, long, fomething fat and foft: and this hath that notable learned man Clufm deferibed more diligently in thefewordes: TheRamme is a fhrub fit to make hedges of,with ftraight branches, parting it felfe into many twigs, white, and let with fliffe and flrong thornes ,hauing leaues,which for the moft part growe by fowers or fiues at the roote of euery Thorne, long, fomething fat, like to thofe of the Oliue tree, fomewhat white, but tender and full of iuice; which in Autumne do fom- times fall off, leauing newe growing in their pla¬ ces : the flowers in Autumne are fomething long, whitifh,diuided at the brims into fiue parts, in their places is left a feede, in fhew as in Gelf mine ; not- withftanding it was neuermy chaiince to fee the fruit: the roote is thicke and diuerfly parted. *. k The place. This Ramme is found on the fea banks of Hoi-' land, and efpecially of Flanders; it is alfo found in other places in vallies or dales, and by running flreames, as neere vnto Lycum Vmdelicia fluuium, where Valerius Cor dm did oftentimes fee it, as he himfelfe wriceth. k The ”53 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Hr The time. This Ram is grccne togithcr with his Icaucs: che fruit or berries rcmaine on the fhrub yea eucn in winter. The names. The Grecians call this thorne : the Latines alfo Rhamnus, and of diners it is named ^wo^m^^ihat is,Spwaalba,ot white Tboxnc^SpmaCerualisfii Harts thorne, as wefinde writ¬ ten among the baftard wordes. Marcellas nameth it Spina faint arts, and Herba (alutaris, which hath, faith he,as it were a Grape. It is called in Italian Marruca and Rhamno: in Spani fa Scamhrones: in Engliili Ram,or Harts thorne. •& The temperature. The Ram, faith Galen , doth drie and digeft in the fecond degree,it cooleth in the later end of the firft degree,and in the beginning of the fecond. it Thevertues. The leaues, faith Diefcortdes, are laid pultus wife vponhot cholerikc inflammations and Saint A Anthonies fire,but we muft vfe them while!! they be yet but tcnder,as Galen addeth. Of Cbrijles T*borne . Chap.i 6 . Paliurtts. ' ' f Chnltcs Thorne. ie The defeription. C Hriftes Thome or Ram ofLybia,is a very tough and hardfhrubbie tree, growing vp fomtimes vnto the height of a tal tree, hailing very long and fharpepricklie branches; but the thornes that growe about the leaues are Iefier 5 and not lb pricklie as the former. The leaues are final!,broad and almolt round,lome- what fharpe pointed;firft of a aarke greene co¬ lour, and then fomewhatreddiflh. The flowers growe in chillers at the top of theftalkeso^ s yellow colour: thehuskes wherein the leedes be contained, are flat and broad, very like vnto final! bucklers as harde as wood, where’nare contained three or fower thin and flat feedes, like the leede of Line or Flaxe. The place. This Thorne growcthinLybia; it is better ellecmedof in the countrie of Cyrenathan is their Lote tree,as Pliny affirmeth.Of this fhrub Diphilm Stphnim in Athen&us in his 14. booke, maketh mention,faying, that he did often eate of the fame in Alexandria thatbeautifullcitic. Petries Bedonius who trauclled ouer the holy land, faith, that this fhrubbie thorne Palinrus was the thorne wherewith they browned our Sauiour Chrift: his reafon for the proofe here¬ of is this, that in Iudsea there was not any thorne fo common , fo pliant or lb fit for to make a crownc or garland of, nor any fo full of cruell fharpe prickles.lt groweth throughout the whole countrie in fuch abundance,that it is their common fcwell to bume,yea fo common with them there,as our Gorire,Brakes,and Broom is here with vs. Iofephm in his firft booke of Antiquities and j j. chapter faith, that this thorne hath the molt fharpe prickles of any other, and therfore that Chrift might be the more tormented,the Iewes rather tooke this than any other. Of whichlhauea finalltree growingin my garden, thatlhaue brought foorth by fowing of the feede. * The i? 54 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE k The time. The leaues fall away and continue not alwaies greene,as do thofe of the Rams: it buddeth forth in the fpring,as P/r/wetcftifieth* k The names. This Thorniefhrub is called inGreeke ^M'^r theLatines and Italians retaine thefomemame Palmrm : for want of an Englifh name, it may be termed Ram of Lybia 5 or Chrifls Thorne tPlmie reportethjthat the feede is called Zura. ‘ rr Z - v k 7 he temperature. , The leanes and roote of Chriftes Thome do euidently binde and cut, . r,:. ;1 rhih ,: ^ The verities.* Pi By vertue of this cutting qualitie the feed doth weare away the ftone 3 and caufe tough ariddlitnie humors to remooue out of the chefl; and lungs ,as C 7 a/<f« faith. : { r‘.y f R The decodion of the leaues and roote of Chrifls Thiflle.as Biojcorides writeth ,floppeth the bel- ly.prouoketh vrine,and is a rcmedie againfl poyfons,and the bitings of ferpents. C The roote doth wafte and confume away Phymata and Oedemata, if it be flampcd’and applied* / D The feede is good for the cough,and weareth away the flone in the bladder. 'X OfHue fathom e 3 or laxatiue c R^n. Qhap. zj. Rhamnmjolutium . Buckthorne. k The defection. Vckthorne growethin manner of a fhrubor hedge tree 3 his trunke or bedie is often as big as a mans thigh 3 his wood or timber is yellow within,and his barke is of the colour ofa Cheftnut 3 almofl like the barke of the Cherrie tree. The bran¬ ches are befet with leaues that are fomewhat round like the leaues of the Crab or Wilding tree: among which come foorth thornes which are hard and pricklie. The flowers are white and fmall 3 whichbe¬ ing vaded,there fucceed little round berries,greene at the firfl,but afterwards acke 3 whereof that ex¬ cellent greene colour is made, which the painters and limners do call Sap greene 3 butthefe berries before they be ripe do makeafaire yellow colour^ being fteeped in vineger. k The place. Buckthorne groweth neere the borders of fields in hedges 3 'woods 3 and in other vntoiled places: itdelighteth to growe in liners and in water dit- ches.lt groweth in Kent in fundrieplaces 3 as at Far- ningham vpon the ccnie burrowes belonging fom- time toM. Sihi'd, as alfovpon conie burrowesin Southfleete 3 efpeciallyin a ffnailand narrow lane leading from the houfc of Mailer William Swan vnto Longficld downesjalfo in the hedge vpon the right hand at Dartford tovvnes end towards Lon- don 3 and in many places more vpon the chalkie bankes and hedges. k The time. It ftowreth in May 3 the berries be ripe in the fall of the leafe. k The names. The later Herbarifls calHt in Latino Rhamnmjolutium^ bicaiife it is ferwith thornes, like as is the lUrrqand beareth purging bznks.Mathiolm nameth it Spina infettoria\Valerim Cordus Spina cerur, and HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1155 and diners call it BurMin*. It is termedin high Dutch t in Italian spin Merlo) Spin Zerltno, SpinoCeruino : inEnglifh LaxatiueRam, Waythornc, and Buckthorne ; m lowe Dutch they call the fruit or berries EfjtjnMett, that is, as though youfhouldfay lnLatinc, Btcc* Rhcmr. 4 * EngliOi Rhcinberries: in French Nerprun. & The temperature. The berries of this Thorne, as they be intaftc bitter and binding, fo be they alfo hot and dr kin the iecond degree. # The vertues. The fame do onrge and voideby the ftoole thicke flegme, and alfo cholenke humours: they are A piuen being beacen into powder from one dram to a dram and a halfe: diuers do number the ber¬ ries who giue to ftrong bodies from fifteene to twenty or moc ;but it is better to breake them and boyle them in fat flefh broth without fait, andto giue the broth todrinke : for fo they purge with letter trouble and fewer gripings. . . i V, R There is prefled foorth of the ripe berries a mice, which being boylcd with a little Allum is vied & of painters for a deepe grecne,which they do call Sap greene. _ The berries which be as yet vnripe, being dried and infufed or fteeped in water, do make a faire yellow colour, but if they be ripe they make a greene. Of the Holme r Holly } or Huluer tree. Chap. 28 . K^/fgrifolium. The Holly tree. * The defeription. r T’ 1 He Holly isafhrubbieplant, notwithftan- I ding it oftentimes groweth to a tree of a reafonablebignes. The boughes whereof are tough and flexible, coucred withafmoothe and greene barkc. The fubftance of the wood is hard and found, and blackifh within,which doth alfo finke in the water, as doth the Indian wood which is called Guamcim. The leaues are of a beatitifull greene colour, frnooth and glib, like almoft to Bay leaues, but letter, and cornered in the edges with fharpe prickles; which notwith- ftanding they want or haue few when the tree is olde : the flowers be white and fweeteof fmell: the berries are round, of the bignes of a little Pcafe,or not much greater,of colour red,of tatte vnpleafant, with a white ftone in the middeft, which do not ealily fall away, but hang on the boughes a long time: the roote is woodie. There is made of the frnooth barke of this tree or fhrub, Birdlime, which the birders and couutrie men do vfeto take birdes with. They pull off the bark,and make a ditch in the ground eipecially in moift,boggie,or foggie earth,wher- into they put this barke, couering the ditch with boughes of trees, letting it remaine there till ic be rotten and puttified,which will be done in the ipace of twelue dales or thereabout: which don, they rake it foorth, andbeateit in mortars vntill it be come to the thicknette and clamminefle of Lime. Lattly, that they may cleere iefrom peeces of barke and other filthinette, they do w’aiTi it very often , after which tlicy adde vnto it a little oyle of nuts,and after that do put it vp in earthen vettcis. The n56 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE * The place and lime. The Holly tree gfoweth plentifully in all countries. It groweth greene both winter and fommer; the berries are ripe in September,and they do hang vpon the tree a long time after. it The names. This tree or fhrub is called in Latine Agrifolium: in Italian Agrifoglio, and Aguifcglio .• in Spa* nifh i^Azeho :inhighDutch QHaifctlilMl, andofdiuers^txcbptUUIUU inloweDutchfpuWf ; in French Horn and Houjfon : in Englifh Holly, Huluer and Holme. k The temp 'rature. The berries of Holly arc hot and drie,and of thin partcs,and wafte away winde. k Thevertues. A They are good againft the colicke: for tenor twelue being inwardly taken bring away by the ftoole thicke flegmaticke humors,as wehaue learned of them,who oftentimes made trial! thereof. B The Birdlime which is made of the barke hereof is no lefle hurtfull than that of Miflelto, for ir is maSuellous clammie , it gleweth vp all the intrailes, it fhutteth and draweth togither the guts and paflages of the excrements,and by this meanes it bringeth deftru&ion to man, not by any qualitie, but by his glewingfubftance. C Holly beaten to powder and drunke,is an experimented medicine againft all fluxes of the belly, as the dyfenterie and inch like. Ofthe Oke. Chap . 25 ?. k The kindes. r T“‘ Here be diners forts of Okesor Acorne trees, Ibme common, others flrangc, or of forreine countries.- of the common Okc with his fungous excrefcence, as aifo of diuers forts of MifTel- ?oes, which growc not onely vpon the Oke, but vpon fundrie cither trees alfo, and likewife of that long white mode that is efpecially found vpon the branches of rh£ Oke, as (hall be declared in this prefen t chapter. I Qucrcm vulgar is cum glande mufeo Juo. % Quercw vulgaris. The Oke tree with his Acornes and moffe. The common Oke. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1157 it The defer ipt ion. ! r-p* He common Oke groweth to a great treejthe trunke orbodie whereofis couered oner with I a thicke rough barke full of chops or rifts.The armes or boughes are likewife great,difpe-r- fing themfelues far abroad. The leaues are bluntly indented about the edges,lmootb,and ofa fhininggreene colour, whereon is often found a moftfweetc deaw, and fomewhat clammie, and alfo a fongous excrefcence,which we cal Oke Apples. The fruit is long,couered with a brown, hard and tough pilling, fee in a rough fcalie cup or huske.There is often found vpon the body of the tree and alfo vpon the branches, a certaine kinde of long white mofle hanging downe from the fame: andfometimes another woodie plant, which we call Mifleltoe, being either an excrefcence or outgrowing from the tree it felfe, or of the doung ( as it is reported) ofa birde that hath eaten a certaine berrie. 3 Ouercmhumtlis. The Dwarffe Oke. * The defer ift ion. 3 Carotin C/uJitu reporteth that he founde this bale or lowe Oke not far from Lisborne, of the height of a cubite,which notwithstanding did alfo beare an acorne, like that of our Oke tree, lauing that the cup is fmoother, and the Acorne much bitterer, wherein it differeth from the reft of his kinde. There is a wild Oke, which rifeth vp oftentimes to a maruellous height,and reacheth very far with - his armes and boughes, the body thereof is now and then of a mighty thicknes, in compatte two or three fathoms jit fendech foorth great fpreading armes, diuided into a multitude of boughes. The leaues are linooth, fomething hard, broad, Jong, gafhedin the edges, greene on the vpper fide: the Acornes arc long, butfhorter than thole of the tamer Oke jcuery one fattened in his ownecup, which is rough without: they are couered with a thin rinde or fheljthe fubftance or kernell within is diuided into twoparts, as are Beanes,Peale& Al¬ monds: the barke of the yoong Okes is Imooth, glib, and good to thicken skins and hides with,but that of the old Okes is rugged, thick,hard,and full of chops: the inner lubftance or hart of the wood is fomething yellow,hard and found ,and the older the harder : the white and outwarde part next to the barke, doth eattly rot, being fubiedt to the worme, efpecially if the tree be not fe!d in due time: fome of the rootes grow deepe into the earth, and other fome far abroad,by which it ftiifely ftandeth. it The place. The Oke doth fcarfely refufe any ground j for it groweth in a drie and barren Ibyle, yet doth ic prolper better in afruitfull ground: it groweth vpon hils and mountaines,and likewife in valleies:it commeth vp euery where in all parts of England, but is not fo common in other of the South and hot regions. it The time. The Oke doth call his leaues for the moft part about the end of Autumne; fome keepc their leaues on 3 but drie all winter long,vntill they be thruft off by the new Ipring. it The names. The Oke is called in Greeke in Latine Querent ,offome placida^s Gaza tranllateth it.lt may be called Sattm,Vrbanx,oi Culta ; fome alfo Emerosynudion, and Robur. The Macedonians iiuuotyvov, as though you fhould fay Vcriquercus , as Gaza expoundeth ic, or Tere Querent, the true Oke. Wc may name it in Englifh the tamer Oke tree: in French chefne : in Dutch Cpcftf tt faOClTb Ffff 1 The THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The fruits is named in Greeke Bokavoc in hmne G/ansi in high Dutch Cic{)C{ * in lowe Dutch Ccftrl t in Spanifh Bellotas; in Italian Chiandc * in Englifh Acorne and Mart. Thecup wherein the Acorne ftandeth,is named in Greeke as Paulus i^ 4 Egweta'm his 3. booke42.chapter teftifieth faying, omphacis is the hollow thing out of which the Acorne groweth: in Latinc Cal/xgtandis :in (hops Cupula glandis: in Englifli the Acorne cup. # T he temperature and vertues. A The lcaues,barkc,acome cups ,and the Acornes themlelues * do mightily binde and dric in the thirdc dceree.bcing fomwhatcolde withall. B The beft of them faith Galenas the thinne skin which is Vnder the bark of the tree, and that next, which licth necreft to the pulpe.or inner fubftance of the Acorne;al thefe ftay the whites,the reds, fpitting ofbloud,and lasks: the decc&ion of thefe is giuen, or the powder of them dried, for the purpofes aforelaid. C Acornes if they be eaten are hardly conco&cd, they yccldc no nourifhment to mans bodie,but chat which is grc(fe,rawe,and colde. p Swine are fatted heerwith,and by feeding hecrCon,haue their flefh hard and (bund. E The Acornes prouoke vrine ^ and arc good againft all venome andpoilbn, but they arc not of fuch a flopping and binding facultie as theleaucs and barke. F The Oke Apples are good againft all fluxes of blond and lasks,in what mancr (bcuerit.be taken, but the beft way is to boile itin red wine,and being fo prepared, it is good alfo againft the exccfliue moifture and (welling of the iawes and almonds or kernels of the throte. G The dcco£tion of the Oke apples ftaicth womens difeafes, and caufeth the mother that isfallcn downe to returne againe to the natural place , if they do fit ouer the faid deco&ion being very hot. H The fame fteeped in ftrong white wine vineger,wi th a litle powder of Brimftone, and the root of Ircos mingled togither,and fetin the funne by the fpace of a moncth,maketh the haire black,con(ii- meth proud and (iiperfluous flefh,taketh away funburning,freckles 5 fpots,the morphew,with al de¬ formities of the face,being wafhed therewith. J The Oke Apples being broken in funder about the time of their withering, do forefhewe the fe- quell of the yeere,as the expert Kentifh husbandmen haue obferued by the liuing things fbunde in them: as if they finde an Ant, they foretell plentieof graine to indie ;if a white wormc like a Gen- till or Maggot,then they prognofticate murren ofbeafts and cattle; if a Spider,then (faie they )we fhall haue a peftilcnce or fomc fuch like fickncs to followc amongft lfien : thefe things the learned al(o haue obferued and noted; for Mathiolm writing vpon Diofcorides faith, that before they haue an hole thorough them,they conteine in them either a flie,a fpider, or a worme; if a flic, then warre infueth; if a creeping worme, thenfearcitieof vi&uals; if a running fpider, then followeth great licknes or mortalicie. Of tbefcarlet 0{e. Cbap.^o. •ftThekindes. A Lthough Theopbrafitu hath made mention but of one ofthefe Holme or Hollie Okesonely, yet hath the later age fet downe two kindes thereof; one bearing the fcarlet graine, and the other onely the Acorne; which thing is not contrary to Diofcorides his opinion, for he intreateth of that which beareth the Acorne in his firft booke among Jip-ds, or the Okes; and the other he deferi- beth in his fourth booke vnder the title .&*?/*»,or Coccxt lavhice. The defer iption, T He Oke which beareth the fcarlet graine is a (mall tree, in manner of a hedge tree, of a meane bignes,hauing many faire branches or boughes fpread abroad: whereon are fet Ieaues,greenc aboue,white vnderneath,diipt about the edges,and at euery corner one fharpe prickle,in ma- nerof the (moothcr Holly: among which commeth (ometimes (but not often) (mall Acornes, ftanding in little cups or husks, armed with prickes as fharpe as thornes, and of a bitter tafte, Be- ddes the Acornes, there is found cleauing vnto the woody branches,a ccrtainc kindeof berries,or rather an excrefcence,of the fubftace of the Oke Apple,& of the bignes ofa Peafe,at the firft white, andof the colour of afhes when they be ripe, in which are engendred little Maggots, which feeme HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1159 to be without life vntillthey feele the heateof thefunne, and then they creepc, andfeeke to die away. But the people of thecountrie(vvhichmakeagaineof them) do watch the time of their fly- ing,euen as we do Bees,which they then take & put into a linnen bag,u’herein th,cy (hake and.boult them vp and downe vntill they be dead, which they do make vp into great lurnpes oftentimes, and likewife fell them to Diers,and fuch like, apart, cuen as they were taken foorth of the bag, whereof is made the moft perfed Scarlet. ilex Coccigerd. The Scarlet Oke. The place. This Oke groweth in Eanguedocke, and in the countries thereabout, and aifo in Spainerbutit beareth not the Scarlet graine in all places, but in thofeefpeciallv, which lie towards the Midland lea,and which befubied to the fcorching heate of thefunne, as Carolus Clufim wirr.efleth, and not therealwaies; for when the tree w^axetholde, it groweth to be barren.Then do the people cut and lop it downe, that after the yoong fhootcshaue attained to two or three yeeres growth,it becom- meth fruitfullagaine. TetrmBellonim in his bookes cf Singularities jftieweth , that Coccus Baphicus or the Scarlet ■* * graine, doth growe in the Holy land, and neere to the lake which is called the Sea of Ttberides 7 and that vpon little trees, whereby the inhabi¬ tants get greatftore of wealth, whofeparatethe husks from the pulpe or Magots, and fell this beingmade vp into hais or lumps, muchdeerer than the emptie fhels or husks. Of this graine alio Paufanias hath mademen- ticn in his tenth booke,and fheweth,that the tree which bringeth foorth this graine, is not great, and allb groweth inPhocis,which is a countriein. Macedonia neerc to the Bceotians, not fat from the mou n ta i ne Par n adds. ThfrphraHm writeth, that or the Scarlet Oke is a great tree, and rifethvp to the height of the common Oke: amongll which writers there is fome contrarictie.Petrw Bellonim reporteth it is a little tree, and Theophrattm a great one,which may chaunce according to the foyle and climate:for that vpon.thc ftonie mountaines cannot grow to that greatnes,as thole in the fertill grounds. The time. The little graines or berries which growe about the boughes, begin to appeere elpecially in the fpring,when the Southwell windes do blow. The dowers fall and are ripe in Iune,togither with the Maggots growing in them, which receiuinglife by the heate of the funne, do foorthwith die away (in manner ofa moth or Butterdie) vnlelfe by the care and diligence of the keepers, they be killed by much and often fhaking them togither,as aforefaid. Ihe tree or fhrub hath hisleaues alwaies greene: the Acornes be very late before they be ripe, feldomc before new come vp in their place. ii The names. TheScarletOkeiscalledinGreeke^ 0 f:inLatine//eAr: the later writers ilex Cocci^era, or Coc~ cifera : in Spanifh Cofcoia: for want ofa fit Englifh name, we haue thought good to chrillen it by the name of Scarlet Oke,or Scarlet Holme Okt'Sox Ilex is named offome in Englifh Hoime,which fignifieth Holly or Huluer. But this ilex , as well as thole that follow, might be called Holme Oke, Huluer Oke,or Holly Oke,for difference from the fhrub or hedge tree i^iertfolium, which is limply called Holme,Holly, and Huluer. 0 . h* Ffff 2 The 11 60 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The grains or berrie that ferueth to die with , is properly called in Greeke vM'm gwr-r-jn Latine Coccus infecionapi Goccum mfe Bor turn: Pliny alio nameth it Cufcuhum , or as moil do read it QuiC- quiltum ; the fame author faith,that it is likewife named S cole cton pi Maggot berrie. The Arabians and the Apothecaries do acknowledge it by the name oichejmes, Ckermes , and Kermes. I hey are deceiucd who thinke that Chejmes doth differ from Injector mm Coccum : it is called in Italian Grano detinBori :\n Spanifh Granade tintoreres: in high dutch 0 >t|f 8 tfSCljtl£Cr+in French Vermilion and Graine d'efcarlate: in Englifih after the Dutch Scarlet Berrie, or Scarlet graine, and! after the Apothecaries vvorde Coccus Baphictts, the Maggot within is that which is named Gut- chonelc as moil do deeme. The Acornc or fruite hcerof is called of diners ,as Tbeophrajlus Cnith^niKov^cy/um. The temperature andvertues. A This graine is aftringent,and fomewhat bitter 3 and alfo dry without fbarpenes and biting:there- fore faith Galen it is good for great wounds and fine wes that be hurt 3 if it belaide thereon; fomc temper it with vineger, others with OxymeII,or fyrupeof vineger. B It is commended and giucn by the later Phifitions toftaiethemenfes: itisalfo counted among thofe limples which be cordials and good toftrengthen the hart. Of this graine that noble and fa¬ mous confection ^Alkemes made by the Arabians, hath taken his name 3 which many do highly commend againft the infirmities ofthe hart; notwithstanding it was chiefely deuifed in the begin¬ ning for purging ofmelancholy, which thing is plainly declared by the great quantitie of Lapis La - zulus added thereto: and therefore feeing that this {tone hath in it a venemous qualitie,and Sikcwife a propertie topurge melancholic 3 it cannot of it felfe be good for the hart, but the other things be good,which be therefore added 3 that they might defende the hatt from the hurts of this {tone, and corredl the malice thereof. Q This compofition is commended againft the trembling and {baking of the hart, and for fwou- nings and melancholike pa{fions 3 and fbrrow proceeding of noeuidentcaufe : it is reported to re¬ create the minde 3 and to make a man merrie and ioyftill. D It is therefore good againft melancholicke difea{es,vaine imaginations, fighings,greefc and for- rowe without manifeft caufe, for that it purgeth away melancholike humours: after this manor it may be comfortable for the hart,and delightfull to the minde,in taking away the materiall caufe of forrow : neither can it otherwife ftrengthen a weake and feeble hart 3 vnlefte this ftone called L:ipis Cyaneus be quite left out. E Therefore he that is purpofed tovlethis compofition againft beatings and throbbings of the hart and fwounings,and that notasa purging medicine, (hail do well and wifely by leauing out the ftone Cyanetts: for this being taken in a little waight,or final! quantitie, cannot purge at all,but may in the meane feafon trouble and torment the ftomacke, and withal! thorow his lharpe and ve¬ nemous qualitie (if it be oftentimes taken) be very offenfiue to the guts and intrails, an meanes bring more harme then good. p Moreouer it is not neceftarie, no nor expedient, that the briftle died with Cochenele called chefmes, as the Apothecaries tearme it,fhouId be added to this compofition: for this briftle is not died without auripigrnentwn, called alfo Orpiment, and other pernidous things ioined therewith, whofe poifonfome qualities are added to the iuices,togither with the colour, if either the briftle or diedfiikebe boiled in them. The berries of the Cochenele mu ft be taken by themfelues, which alone are fufficient inough to die the iuices , and to impart vnto them their vertue: neither is it likewife needfull to boile the raw briftle togither with the graines,as moft Phifitions thinke: this maybe left out,forit niaketh no¬ thing at ail for the ftrengthening of the hart. Of the barren Scarlet Okg. Chap.y. 9 ? The defcription. He barren Scarlet Oke , or the great Holme Oke , greweth many times to the full height of a tree, fometimes as biqge as the Peare tree, withboughes farre fpreading like the Acorne or common Mafte trees: the timber is firme & found: the leaues are fee with pric¬ kles round about the edges, like thole of the former Scarlet Oke: the leaues when the tree wax°th oidc d by this HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1161 aide, haue on them no prickles at all; but are fomewhat bluntly cut or indented about the edges, greene on the vpperfide, and graie vnderncath: the Acorneftandethinaprickleycup, like our common Ohe Acorne; which when it is ripe, becommeth of a browne colour with a white kernell within, oftafte not vnpleafant: there is foundevpon the branches of this tree , acertaine kinde of Jong hairie moffc,of the colour of afhes,not vnlike to chat of our Englifh Oke. ilex Glandifera. The barren fcarlet Oke. kTheplace. . " " , V In diners places there are great woods of thefc trees, hils alfo and valleies beautified therewith; they grow vfually in many kingdomes of Spain: they growe in greatplentie in Languedocke and Prouence. It is likewife founde in Italic: it beareth an Acorne greater, and of a larger fize then doth the tame Oke ,, in fome countries lefler and fhorter: they are ftrangers in England; notwith- fhnding there isheere and there a tree there¬ of, that hath beene procured from beyondethe feas;one groweth in hir Maiefties garden of White Hal,neer to the gate that leadeth into the ftreete, and in fome other places heere and there one. ie 1 he time. It is greene at all times of theyeere: it is late before the Acornes be ripe : Clufm reporteth that he fawethe flowers growing in clutters, of 3 yellow colour in the monethof Maie. k The names . This Oke is named in Greeke ir£vo< : in Latine Ilex-. in Spanifh Enzina: in Italian Eltce: in French cbefneuerd: in Englifh Barren fcarlet Oke, or Holme Oke,and alfo of fome French Oke. The Spaniards call the fruite or Acorne Be Hot a, or K^Abillota. Theophrajhu feemeth to call this tree not Prinos but Smilax, forhemaketh menti¬ on but ofone ilex only,and that is of fcarlet Oke,and he fheweth that the Arcadians do not cal the other, Ilexfswx-Smilaxfoi the name Smilax is of many fignifications: there is Smilax among the pulfes,which is alfo called Doltchns , and Pha(eoltu\ and Smilax afpera, and Lauis, among the Binde- weedes rlikewife Smilax is taken of Diofcondes to be Taxw , the Yew tree; of Smihx Thcophraftns writeth thi^s in his third booke: the inhabitants of Arcadia do call a certain tree Smilax , being like vnto the fcarlet Oke: the leaues thereof be not fet with fuch fharpe prickles, but tenderer and fofter. Of this Smilax plinie alfo writeth in his 16.booke < 5 .chapter.There be of ilex faith he, two kinds. Ex ijs in Italia folio non multum ab oleis diHant , called of certaine Grecians Smilaccsjn the prouinccs ^Acpuifotia : in which words in fteedeof Oliue trees, may perchance be more truely placed Suberis> or the Corke tree; for this kinde of Ilex or Smilax , is not reported of any of the old writers to haue the leafe of the Oliue tree : but Stiber in Greeke called Phelios, or the Corke tree, hath as we haue faide,a little leafe. k The temperature and vertues. The leaues of this Oke haue force to coole and repcll or keepe backe , as haue the leaues of the \ Acorns, or Made trees: being ftamped or beaten and applied they arc good for foft fwellings, and ftrengthen weake members. Ffff 5 The nte THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE B Thebarkeoftherooteboiled in water vntillit bee diflolued and laide on all night, maketh the hake blacke 3 if they be firft fcoured with Ctmolia, as Diofcorzdes faith. C Cfafiut reporteth that the Acorne is efteemed of 3 eaten 3 and brought into the maiketto be foIdc 5 in the citie of Salamanca in Spaine 3 and in many other places of that countrey: and of this Acorn Phnie alfb hath peraduenturc written in his i < 5 .book 5.chapter,in thefe words 5 Moreouer there is ferued at mens tables for a fecond courfe ali Spaine thorow 3 an Acorne. Ofthe great Holme Of. Chap.^z. I Cerru muiorc Gla tide. 2 Cents mnoreGUnde. The Holme Oke with great Acornes. The Holme Oke with Idler Acornes. *kThe description, l A Mong the wilder Okes this is not the leaft 3 for his comely proportlon 3 aIthough vnprofita- /-\ble for timber, to make coales 3 cartes,wainfcot 3 houfes 3 orfhips of: the finite is not fit for man or bead to eatj neither any propertie known for the vfe of Phificke or Chirurgerie: it groweth vp to the height of a faire tree: the trunke or bodie is great 3 and veiy faire to looke vpon: the wood or timber ioft and fpungie 3 fcarce good to be burned: from which ihooteth foorth verie comely branches 3 difperfing themfelues farre abroad, whereon are let for the mold part by couples very fake leaucs, greene aboue , and of anouerworne ruflet colour vnderneath 3 cut or fnipt about the edges very deepe: the Acorne groweth faff vnto the boughes, without any footeftalkc at all, being very great like vnto our common Acorne ? let in a rough and prickly cup like a hedge- hogge or the Chefnut huske,of a harfh tafte 3 and hollow vvithinrthis tree beareth or bringeth forth oftentimes a ccrtaine Imooth kindeof Gall s altogither vnprofitable; this Oke lrkewife bringeth foorth HISTORIC OF PLANTS. ntf* foofth another kind of excrefcence which the Grauer hath omitted in the figure, which is called i Grecke^VKci',C?^4namethitPe»fc; this Pr/?tf orpricke is hollow, meffie, hanging downe hui-5 a yarde long,like a long ragge of linnen cloth. 2 Thefecondisaltogitherlikethefirft, failing that this bcareth fmaller Acornes, and the whole tree is altogither lefTer, wherein confifteth the difference. r4 The place. This Oke groweth in vntoiled places 5 it is feldome times found, and that but in woodcs onely : it is for the molt part Vnknowne in Italy,as Pliny reporteth. ft The time. They bring foorth their fruite or Acornes in the fall of the Ieafe. ■ r " > ' ('■ ft The names. This Oke is called in Greeke •• in Latine Cerrm : yet doth Phnie make mention both of i^iEgilops and alfo olCerrtu is likewife one of the difeafes ofcorne,called in Latine Festu- ca,\n fctiglifh wilde Ores,and farre differing from thetree i^PEgilops. That which hangeth from the bonghes is named of plmie in his i d.booke S.chap ter Famii ore- Jy; that Acorns tree named t jdftggU 6 ps bringeth foorth Panes arentes , withered prickles, coucrcd with white moffie iagges hanging do\Vr!e,nat.onely in the barke, but al/o from the boughesjhalle a yarde in bignes, bearing a fweete fmell 5 as we bane iaide among ointments. ' : s: ' . \ft\T-he temperattire- and verities. We finde nothing written ofchdiaeulties of this tree among the old writersmeicher of our owne experience. ' ' V' v ’ *' r , \M V, \ . .J . - .. » c „ .i fll 3U J iT , ' Of the Corine Ofg. Cbap>fy ft Thekindes, There be diuers forts of the Gorke trecs 3 differing according to countrey and climate. I Suker latifohum. 2 Suker angufit folitm. The Corke tree with broadeieaues. TheCorke tree with narrow lcaues. THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 2154 it The defeription. 1 Hp He Corke tree is of a middle bignes. like vnto ilex , or the barren fcarlet Oke; but with a J thickerbodie,and fewer boughes: the leaues be for the rooft part greater, broader, roun- der,and more nicked in the edges: the barke of the tree is thickc, very rugged, and full of chinkesor cranies, that cleaueth and diuideth itfelfe intopeeces, which vnlefie they be taken away in due time, do giue place to another baike growing vnderneath, which when the old is re- mooued,is maruellous red, as though it were painted with fome colour: the Acorne ftandeth in a cup which is great, briftled, rough, and full of prickles; this Acorne is alfo aftringent or binding, more vnpleafant then the holme Acorne,greater in one place,and Idler in another. 2 The Corke tree with narrowe leaues ,grovveth likewife to the height and bignes of a great tree: the trunke or body whereofis couered with a rough and fcabbed barke, of an ouerworne blackifh colour, which likewife cleaueth and cafteth his coate when the inner barke groweth fomewhat thicke: the branches are long, tough, and flexible, eafie to be bowed any way, like thofe of the Oziar, whereupon do grow leaues like thofe of the precedent, but longer, and little or nothing in¬ dented about the edges : the fruite groweth in finall cups as the Acornes do; they are Idler then thofe of the other kinde,as is the reft of the tree,wherein is the chiefeft difference. it The place. It groweth in the countrey of Aquitania, neere to the mountaines called Pyrencei:it alfo groweth plentifully in the kingdomes of Spaine, differingfbmwhat from that of Aquitania, as C.ClnJius de- clareth: it is likewife found in Italy,and that in the territory of P/fa,w ith a longer leafe,and (harper pointed; and about Rome with a broader,and cut in theedges like a fawe, and rougher, as Mathi- 0/ay teftifieth. it The time. The leaues are alwaies greene in Spaine andltalie, about the Pyrenrei mountaines they fall away in winter. it The names. This tree is called in Grecke : in Latine Suber : in French Liege : in Italian Suga.ro : the fame names do alfo belong to the barke: the Spaniards call the tree Alcornoque^ the Engiiih men Corke tree; and the barke Corcha de Lyilcomoqucju hereupon the low countreymen,and Englifhmen alfo, do call it Corke; and yet it is called in lowe Dutch likewife it The temperature and vertices. A This barke doth manifeftly dry with abinding facultie. B Being beaten to powder and taken with water,it ftancheth bleeding in any part of the bodie: the Corke which is taken out of wine veflels faith Paulus , being burnt, maketh afhes which do migh- tilie dry,and are mixed in compofitions,deuifed againft the bloudie flixe. C Corke is alfo profitable for many things; it is vied faith Plinie about the ankersof Chips, fifhers nets, and to flop veftell with; and in winter for womens fhooes, which vfe remaineth with vs euen to this day; fifhermen hang this barke vpon the wings of their nets for feare of finking; and fhoomakers put it in fhooes and pantofles for wartimes lake. Of the (fall tree. fhap.y f it! he kindes. \ F trees that bring foorth Gals,there be diuers forts,as may appeere by the diuers formes and forts of Gals fet foorth in this prefent Chapter,which may ferue for their feueralldiftincfions, whereof fome bring foorth Acornes, likewife,and fome nothing but Gals: the figures of feme fewe of the trees fhall giue you fufficient knowledge of the reft,for all the Acorne, or Made trees bring foorth Gals :but thofe trees whole figures we haue fet foorth do beare thole Gals fit for medicine, and to thicken skins with. Diofcorides and Galen make but two forts ofGals,the one little, yellow, full of holes, and more fpungie in the inner part: both of them rounde 3 hauing the forme of a little bail; and the other finootli HISTORIE OF PLANTS. n5 5 fmoothandeeuenontheoutfidc:fmce 3 the later writers hauefoundemoc 3 fbme hailing certainc little knobs flicking foorth, like in forme to the Gall., which doth alfo cleaue and growe without ftalke to the leafe. There is alfofoundea certains excrefence ofa light greene colour., fpungie 5 and waterie 3 in the middle whereofnowe and then is founde a little flie or worme: which foft ball in hot countries 3 doth many times become harde, like the little finooth Gali 3 as Theothralins faith. I GaHafue Robur mains. The great Gall tree. 2 Galla minor. The little Gall tree. it The defeription. 1 f | ^He Gall tree growethvp to a fufficient height, hailing a verie faire trunke or bodies whereon are placed long twiggie branches 3 bringing foorth verie faire leaucs , broade 3 and nicked in the edges l;kc the teeth ofa favve: among which come foorth Acornes, al¬ though the figure exprcfle not the fame, like thofe of the Oke, and likewife a woodic excrefcencc, which we name the Gall, hauingeertaine (mall eminences or bunches on the outfide, growing for the moftpartvpon the (lender branches without ftalkes ; and fometimes they grow atthsendes thereof 3 which by the heate of the funne arc harder, greater, and more folicic in one countrey then another 3 according to the foilc and clymate. 2 The lefler Gall tree differethnot froni the former., failing that it is altogether lefier; the fruite and Gals likewife lefler 3 wherein efpecially conlifteth the difference. The 1166 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Theforme of dims forts of Gals. 3 Gallaorhkulata. The round Gall 4 Galia obIonga. The long Gall. 5 Gaik viridisfme omphactWo Greene or vnripe Gals. GaP. a Kjfftnin a. Alles Gals. HISTORIE OF PLANTS* 7 G*lt a Galericulats. Hooded Gals. 1167 8 Galia cum fruffu. The Gall tree with fruite. k The‘place. The Gals arc founde in ItaIy,Spaine,and Bohemia, and moft of the hot regions. k The time. The Gall faith Pliny appeereth or commeth foor th when the funne commeth out of the figne Ge« mint, and that generally in one night. k The names. The Gall tree is called Quercus,Rohur, and the Gal is called inGreeke ww/V: the apo¬ thecaries and Italians, keepe the name Galla for the fruite: in high Dutch vJpaiapffCll X in lowe Dutch $aUtOttn:in Spanifh K^igalla, Galha, and Bugalha: in French Notx de Galle : 111 Enghfh Gaules and Gals. *■ k The temperature and vertues. The Gall called Omphacitis,as writeth,is dry in thethirdedegrce,andcoIdcinthefecond: A it is a very harfh medicine, itfaftnethanddraweth togither faint and (lacke parts, as theouergro- wings in the ftefh, it repellcth and keepeth backe rheumes and Inch like duxes,and doth effe&ually dry vp the fame,efpecia!ly when they haue a defcent.into the gummes, almonds of the throte, and other places of the mouth. ■■•/'to « The other Gall doth dry and alfo bindej but fo much Iefier, by howe much the harfh or choking B qualitie is diminifhed: being boiled, beaten, and alfo applied in mancr of aplaifteritislaide with good fuceefie vpon the inflammations of the fundament and falling downe thereof: it is boiled in water if there be need of little affridf ion; and in wine,efpecially in auftere wine,if more need require. Gals are very profitable againft the dyfenterie, and the Coeliacke paflion being drunk in wine, or G the powder thereof firowed vpon meates* Gals are vfed in dying and colouringof fundrie things,and in making of inke. D Laft of all burnt Gals do recciue a further facultic to Ifanch bloud,and arc of thinne parts, and E ii<s8 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE of greater vertue to dry then be thofe that are not burnt; they rauft be laide vpon hot burning coles vntill they come to be thorow white,and then are they to be quenched in vineger and wine. E Moreouer gals are good for thofe that be troubled with the bloudy flixe and common laskes,be« ing taken with wine or water,and alfo applied or vfed in meats: laft of all thefe are to be vfed as oft as neede requireth to dry and binde. F Oke apples are much of the nature of gals,yet are they farre inferiour vnto them and of lefler force. Of z% / fijfeltoe :> or cSMifleltoe, Qiap.p. I Vifcum. Miffeltoe. 2 Vifcum Indictm L'Qbclif, Indian Mifleltoc. & The definition , 1 \ T or Miffeltoe, hath many {lender branches fpred ouerthwart one another,& wrapped W and interlaced one within another; the barke of which is of a light greene or Popiniay co¬ lour : the leaues of this branching excrefcence, be of a browne greene colour: the flowers be fmall and ycllowe;which being paft, there appeere fmall clufters of white tranflucent berries, which are fo cleere that a man may fee through them, and are full of clammie or vicious moiflurc, whereof the belt Birdlime is made, farre exceeding that which is made ofHolmeorHollie barker and within this berrie is a lmall blacke kernellor feede: this excrefcence hath not any roote,nci- ther doth increafe himfeife of his feede as feme haue fuppofed,but it rather commeth of a certaine moifture & fubftance gathered togither vpon the boughes & ioints of the rrees, through the barke whereof this vaporous moifture proceeding, bringeth foorththe Miftekoe: many haue diuerflie fpoken HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 11 69 fpoken heereof; fomc of the learned haue fet downe that it came of the dung of the birde called a Thrufhjwho hauing fedde of the leedes thereof,as eating his owne bane, hath voided and left his dung vpon the tree,whereof was ingendred (his berry, a moft fit matter to make Lime of to intrap and catch birds withall. 2 Indian Mifieltoe groweth Iikewile vpon the branches of trees, running alonefi: the fame in ma- nerof Polypodie : the firings of therootes arelikethofeof Couch grafie from which rife vp diuers ftalkes 3 fmooth and euen,fet with joints and knees at certaine difiances;towarde the top commeth foorth one leafe,ribbed like the Plantaine leafe,whereon are marked certaine round cies,fuch as are in the haft of a knife; from the bofome whereof commeth foorth a chaffie branch, fet with (mall leaues 3 which continue greene winter and fommer. 3 Vifcum Peruuianum L'Obclf Mifieltoe of Peru. ft The defeript ton. 3 There is fotinde alfo another plant growing vpon the boughes orbranchesof trees in maner as otir Mifieltoe doth ,and may very wel be reckon nedfor a kinde thereof: the plant cleaueth vnto the branches,being fet thereto, as it were with rhe pillingsofthefea Onion, ofthebredth of a mans hand toward the bottome, and fbmewhat hollow* the tops wherof are very fin all and riifhie , hollow likewife,&ofa purple color: among which comes foorth a branch like th at of HafliVa reg/a , or the Speare for a King, reiembling thebnfin of Gtes, couered with a white filke,fuch as is to be founds in -jffclepas, of a fait and nitrous tafie, and very vn- pleafant. ■ ft T he place. Thefirft kinde of Mifieltoe groweth vpon Okes, and diuers other trees almofteuery where} as for yt " the'.othcrfiwo they are ftrangers in England. ft The time. Mifielroe is alwaies greene^ as well in winter as in fommer: the berries be ripe in Aurumne, they reriiaine all winter thorow, and are a foode for di¬ ners birdes, asThrufhes, Blackbirdes 3 andRing- doucs. ft The names. Mifieltoe is called in GreekeV^f, origin La¬ tins Vifcum : in high Dutch Opificfi ♦ in lows Dutch OiCk£n t in Italian Vsyfh/o : in Spa- nifh Liga : in the Portugal] language Vt [go: in E\y glifh Miflell,and Mifieltoe. The glue which is made oftheberriesofMifiell, is Iikewile called Vifcum and ixia,: in Englifh Birdlime./A-^is alfo called chameleon albas, by reafon ofthe glue which is oftentimes found about the rootes thereof. This word isalfoafcribed tochamdeonniger, as we reade among the b&ftarde names. Ixia is Iikewile reckoned vp in Diofcoricles d.booke, and in P atiltes t-AEgineta hiss, booke among the poifons} but what this poifonfome and venemous Ixia is,it is hard and doubtful! to de¬ clare*, mnnywouldhaueittobe Chamdeon ntger ; others theglueor clammiefubftantewhich is madeof the berries of Mifieltoe, who do truelythinke that Ixia differed! from chamdeon hi'ger .* for PautfuAEginctd. ill reckoning vp bffimple poifons in his 5.booke,3o.chaptet, hath firftmade mention oichamdeon niger, then a lit tle after of Ixia : and whileft he doth particularly difeourfe of cueryonc,he intreate.th pi chamdeon nigerjnh'ts 3 2.chapter, and of Ixia-, which he aiionameth Vlophononiw his 47.chap. and celleth of the dangerous and farre differing accidents-of them both. And u 7 o the third booke of the And Dio/coride shim fe\(c in his 6. booke where he fettethdowne his iudgement of Simple poy- fons,intrcateth fir ft of chameleon mgerund then a little after of Ixiar, yet hath he written a feuerall dilcourfe of Ixia. Theft things declare that Cham&leonniger doth differ fro ix'ta , which is reckoned a mong the poifons. Morcouer, it can no where be read that chameleonniger doth beare MilTcltoe birdlime,or hath fo glutinous and clammie a fubftance,as that it ought to be called Ixia: Therfore Ixia as it is one of the poifons 3 is the glue that is made of the berries of Miflcltoe, which bicaule it is fharpe or biting,inflameth and fttteth the toong on fire, and with his flimie and clam¬ mie fubftance, doth fo drawe togither,fhut and glue vp the guts, as that there is no paffage for the excrements,which things are mentioned among the mifchiefes that/y/4bringeth, ic The temperature and vertries . A Thel eaues and berries of Miffekoe 5 are hot and drie and of fubtill parts: the Birdlime is hot and biting,and confifteth ofanairie and waterie fubftance,with feme earthie quality: for according to the iudgement of Galen, his acrim,onie ouercommeth his bitternesffor if it be vfed in outward appli¬ cations^ draweth humours from the deepeftormoft ftcret parts of the body, fpreading and di* iperfing them abroad,and digefting them, B It ripeneth fwellings in the groine^hardfwellings behindc the eares, and other impoftumes, be¬ ing tempered with Kcfin,and a little quantitie ofwaxe. C WithFrankenfenceit mollifieth old vlccrs,&malicious impoftumes, beingboiled with vnfla- ked lime,or with Gagate lapide,or: Afio , and applied^t wafteth away the hardnes of the Ipleene. D With Orpment or Sandaraca , it cafeth away foule ilfauored nayles, being mixed with vnflaked lime and wine lees,it receiueth greater force. E It hath beene moft crediblie reportedvnto me,that afewe of the berries of Miflehoe bruftd and ftrained into oile and drunken,hath prefently and foorthwith rid a greeuous and fore ftitch. F This Birdlime inwardly taken is mortal! ,and bringeth moft greeuous accidents, the toong is in¬ flamed and fwolne,the minde is diftraughted,the ftrength of the hart and wits faile. - umbo In caco obftrucU conniuer.t ventremeatus PotUi atque cibi. flatus vbi car cere claufi D ant firepitum,& circum fpactjs voluuntnr iniejuis: Sic mifire affltftas vix tandem ducereprejfio Ore petefi anmam. :i; As Nteander writeth in his coumerpoifons, according to Gorr retains tranflatfon, which vexfcs we haue Englifhed thus: Both waies ofmeate and eke of drinkc Obftruded are: when vvinde In guts inclofed a rumbling makes Andcannopaflagefinde: So that the patient fore apaide And pincht with greefe and paine Can hardly feed on breth that doth The life and health maintaine. & Of the Cedar tree . Chap.^6* *.4 T be kindes. T^Herebe two Cedars, onegreatbearingcon.es, the other fmallbearing berries like thofe of T Xun ip er. •& 7 he defenption. T He great Cedar is a very bigge and high tree, not onely excelling all other refinous trees,and thofe which beare fruit like vnto it,but in his tallenes and Jargencs,farre furmounting ai other trees: the body or trunke thereofis commonly of a mighty bignes, infomuch as fower men are not able to fadome it,as j hcophrafius writeth:the barke of the lower part, which proceederh out of the earth,to the firft yoong branches or fhootes, is rough and harfh, 5 the re ft which is among^ the boughes is fmooth and glib: the boughes grow foorth ahnoft from the bottom, and notfarre from the ground,euen to the very top,waxing by degrees leffer and fhorter ftill as they grow higher, the tree bearing the fhape and forme of a pyramid, or fharpe pointed fteeple j thefe compafle the bodie The great Cedar tree of Libanus. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, iiij round about in maner of a circle,and arc foorderly placed by degrees,as that a man may climbe vp by them to the very top as by a ladder: the leaues be fmall and roundc , like thofe of the Pine tree, but fhorter and not fharpe pointed, all the cones or clogs are farrefhorcer, and thicker then thofe of the Firre tree,compact of loft, not harae feales,which hang not downwards,but fUnde vpright vpon the boughes.-whereunto alfo they are fo firongly faftned , as they can hardly be plucked olf without breaking of fome part of the branches,as Bellomtu writeth: the timber is extreame harde, and rotteth not,nor waxeth oldc,therc is no woormes nor rottennes c an hurt or take the hard mat¬ ter or hart of this woode,which is very odoriferous,and fomewhat red: Salomon king of the Iewes did therefore builde Gods Temple in Ierufalem,of Cedar woode: the Gentils were vvoont to make their diuels,or image s of this kinde of wood,that they might laft the longer. Cedrus Lib ant. & T be place. The Cedar trees grow vpon the fhovvie moun-i taines, as in Syria on mount Libanus, on which thereremainefome euento this day, faith Bello- nuts planted as it is thought by Salomon himfelfe: they are likewife found on the mountains Taurus, and Amanus, in colde and ffonie places: the Mer¬ chants of the Fadtorie at Tripolis , toldemethat the Cedar tree groweth vpon the declining of themountainc Libanus neere vnto the Hermi¬ tage by the citic Tripoli's in Syria: they that dwel in Syria vfe to make boates thereof for want of the Pine tree. The time. The Cedar tree remaineth alwaies greene as other trees,which beare fuch maner offruite: the timber of the Cedar tree, and the images and other workes made thereof, feeme to fweate and fend foorch moi{hire,in moift and rainy weather, as do likewife all that haue an oilic iuice, the ati- th or is T heophrajhts. •ft The names. This huge and mightie tree is called in Greeke : in Latine likewife Cedrtu: in Englifh Ce¬ dar,and Cedretree.?//^in his 24 booke 5.chap- ternameth it Cedrelate, as though he fhould fay, Cedrwabia, or Ccdrtna abres,Gcdai Firre, both that it may differ from the little Cedar, and alfo bicaufe it is very like to the Firre tree. The Rofin hath no proper name,but it may be furnamed Cednna ,or Cedar Rofin. The Pitch whichisdrawneoutofthis is properly called yet M/?/write th that alfo the li¬ quor of the Torch Pine is named Cednum. The belt faith D/oJcoides is fat, thorowefhining.ofa ffrong fmel,which being powred out in drops vniteth it felfe togither, & doth not remaine f^iered. 'iiThc temperature a nd vertues. Cedar is of temperature hot and dry,with fuch an exquifitc tenuitie,and fubtiltie ofparts, that it A feemeth to be hot and dry in the fourth degree,efpecially the Pitch or Rofin thereof. There iffueth out of this tree a Rofin like vnto that,which iflueth out of the Firre tree,very fweetc B in fineIl,ofa clammy or cleaning fubftance 3 the which ifyou chew in your teeth, it will hardly be gotten foorth againe, it cleaueth fofaftj atthefirft is liquideand white, but being dried in the fun it waxeth hard:ifit he boiled in the fire an excellent pitch will be made thereof, called Cedar Pitch. The Aegyptians were wont to coffin and embawme their dead in Cedar,and with Cedar pitch, C although they vfed alfo other meanes as HerodotmxtQoxAexh. The condited or embawmed body they call in fhops Mumiafcut verie vnfirly: for Mimia among D the Arabians is that which the Grecians call P/JfaJphalton, as appccrcth by Auicen chapter 474.and out of Serapio chapter 3513. He u 7 2 THE THIRD BoOKE OF THE q He that interpreted and tranflated Serapio, was the caufe of this errour,who tranflated and inter¬ preted Mumia , according to his owne fancie, and not after the fence and meaning of his author Serapro, faying that this Mumta, is a compohtion made of Aloes and Myrihe mingled togither, with the moifture ofmans body. J.J The gum of Cedar is good to be put in medicines for the eies, for being annointed therewith it cleereth the light,and clenfeth them from the Hawe,and from ftripcs. j Cedar infilled in vineger,and put into the eares,killeth the wormes of the eares, and being min¬ gled with the decodion of Hyflope , appeafeth the founding, ringing, and hilling of the cares. j£ If it be wafhed or infilled with vineger, and applied vnto the teeth,it ceafeth the toothach. £ If it be put into the hollownefle of the teeth, it breaketh them , and appeafeth the extreame greefe thereof. R4 It preuaileth againft ^ngiruts^ and the inflammation of the Tonfils, if a Gargarilmebe made thereof. It is good to kill nits and lice, and fuch like vermine: it cureth the biting of the ferpent Certifies, being laide on with fait. q It is a remedie againft the poifon of the lea Hare, if it be drunke with fwcete wine. p It is good alfo for leapers: being put vp vnderneath it killeth all maner of vvormes, and draweth foorth the birth,as D/0 corides writeth. Of the jP itch tree . Chap .3 7. Ptcea. The Pitch. #The defer ipt ion. Icea. the tree that droppeth pitch, called the Pitch tree, groweth vp to be a tall, faire, and bigge tree, remaining alwaies greene like the pine tree, though the timber of it be not lb red,as that of the Pine or Firrejfet ful of boughes, notonely about the top,but much lower,and alfo beneath the middle part of the body, which many times hang downe,bendingtowards the ground: theleauesbenarrowc, not like thofeofthe Pine tree, but fnorter, and broader, more like to the leaues of the Firre tree,yet are they blacker, broa¬ der,fofter, and tenderer, which do withall couer theyoongand tender twigs in maner of a circle, like thole of the Firre tree, but being manie and thickelet, growe foorth of twofides, onely one right againft another,as in the Yew tree,to whole leaues they are very like: the fruite isfoaly and like vnto the Pine apple, but fmaller: the barke of thetreeisfomewhatblacke, tough, and flixiblc, not brickie, as is the barke of the Firre tree, vnder which next to the woods is gathered a Rolen, which many times iftiieth foorth, and is like to that of the Larch tree. ft Theplace. The Pitch tree groweth in Grcece,ItaIy,France, Germanic, and allthecolde regions euen vnto Ruflia. ft The time. The fruite of the Pitch tree is ripe in the end of September. ft The HlSTORlE OF PLANTS. 1175 The names. The Grecians call this Cone tree : the Latines Pitta, and not pinui\ for Pinns or the Pine tree is the Grecians 5w'*»,as (ball be declared: that™'™ is named in Latine Picea , Scribonius Largus te- ftifieth in his jo i.eompofition writing after this maner; Rcffra Petuinx. 'ide(l ex Picea arbore, which fignifiethinEnglifhoftlieRoferrof the tree Pitys, that is to fay, of the Pitch tree. With him doth agree in his 1 tf.booke io.chapter, where hetranfiating Theophrafm his wordes concerning Peace and Pitys,d oth tranflate Pitys Picea f although for Peace he hath written LaYix\ as fhall be de¬ clared.?//^ writeth x\\v\SjLarixvfisradictbw non repullnUt: and the Larch tree doth not fpriftg vp againe when the rootes are burnt: the Pitch treefpringeth vp againejas it hapned in Lesbos wheni the wood Pyrthaus was fet on fire. Moreouer, the wormes Pityocxmpx, are foarce found in any rrce but onely in the Pitch tree,as Bellonius teftifiethrfo thatthey are not rafhly called FityocampMpithc j wormes of the Pitch trees, although mod tranflators name them Pinorumeruca, or the wormed of the Pine trees: and therefore Pitys is fbrnamed by 7 heophrajlus p0«gjWef, bicaufe wormes and ma- gots are bred in it. But for fo much as the name Pitys is common both to the tame Pine and alfo to thePitch tree ;diuersofthe later writers do for this caufe fuppofe, that the Pitch tree is named by Theophrxjluimvjs 2yu&> or the wilde Pine tree.This Picea is named in high Dutch CatlttC* hauttlj, and EotCamtebaumt and oftentimes alfo which name notvvithflanding doth alfo agree with other plants: in Englifli Pitch tree: in low Dutch ]e)£Ck fcOOOT* # The temperature and vertues. The leaues. barke,and fruite of the Pitch tree,are all of one nature 5 vertue 3 and operation 3 and of the fame facultie with the Pine trees. Of the Tine tree. Chap.fi. The kbides. T He Pine tree is of two forts,acc^rding to T heophraflur. ; the one that is to faie, tame or of the garden; the other or wilde: he faith that the Macedonians do adde a thirde, which is or barren , or without fruite, that vnto vs is vnknowne: the later writers haue founde moe. asfnallbe declared. Pi nutfatiuafue domeft ic a. The tame,br manured Pine tree. ielhe defer ipt ion, T He Pine tree groweth high, and great in the trunke or body,which below is naked, but a- boueitis clad with a multitude ofboughes, which diuide themfelues into diners branches , whereon are fet final leaues 3 very ftraight 3 narrow 5 fomevvhat hard and fharpe pointed: the wood or timber is harde, heauie, about the hart or middle full ofanoileous liquor 3 and ofareddilh colour. The fruite or clogs are hard 3 great, andconfift of many found woodie foales 3 vnder which are inclu¬ ded certaine knobs,without fhapc 5 coucred with a wooden lhell, like (mail nuts 3 wherein are write kcrnels 3 Iong 3 veryfweete 3 andccueredwitha thYi skinne or membrane, that eafely is rubbed off with the fingers 3 which kernell is vfed in tnedi- cine. "k The place. This tree groweth of ic felfe in manie places of Italie 3 and elpcciallyin the territorie of Rauenna, and in Languedocke 3 about Marfiles, in Spaine, and in other regions,as in the eafl countries: it is alfo cherifhed in the gardens of pleafure 3 as well in the lowe countries as England. & The time. The Pine tree groweth greenc both winter and Gggg 1 fommer, ir 74 THE THIRD: BODICE OF THE fommer, the fruite is commonly twoyeeres before it be ripe: wherefore it is not to be founde without ripe fruke s and alfo others as yet very fmalk,andnot come to ripenes. i .1 . ' hi i: 7 he names* j ; ri .It is called in La tine Pinus,md Pinas (atwa- i Vrbana,Q'L rather CManfueta in Englifh tame and garden Pine.'qfthe Macedonians and other Grecians.:buc.th£ Arcadians name it 71JTJ f, for thatwhich the'Macedonianscallow mfiv, the Arcadians name las Theopbrajfusfcth) and lojd^b the tamePine in Arcadia,and aboutElia change hir name? and by this alteration of them it hapneth that the fruite or nuts of the Pine tree found in the Cones or apples, be named in Greek by Diofcottdes&dkn.Paule and others though they Ibouide ter me it Pityosfruttus, orthe fruite of the Pine tree. ' • ••-.! There is alfo another ^<\in : Latinc Picea, or die Pitch tree, which diifercth much from the Pine tree .-but Pitys of Arcadia differet.h nothing from the Pine tree as we haue faide. The fruite or apples of thefe be called in.Gtceke mvci .• and in Latine Com : notwithftanding Co¬ rns Is a c5mon name to all the fruits of this kind of trees: they be alfo named in Latine T^jicespine*: by Mnejltheusin. Greeke orgoc/jw , by Dsocks Cary(lius , which be notwithftanding the fruit or clogs of the tree that 7 /^p/j.nameth v^v’^dyU orthe wilde Pine tree, as Athcnxus faith. It is thought that the whole fruite is called byGden in his 'foiirth Commentarie vpon Hippocrates bookes of Diet in fiharpe difeafes, Strobslos: yet in his feconde bookeof the Faculties of Nourifh- ments,he doth not cal Corns or the apple by. the name of Strobilos ,but the nuts contained in it. And in like maner in his 7 .book ofthe faculties of Simple medicines? the Pine apple fruit, faith he,which they call Coccalus , and Strobilus, as we haue (aid before,chat thefe are named jnGreeke This apple is called in high Dutch i in low Dutch pfjtt appCl : in Hnglifh Pine apple, Clogge, and Cone. # 7 he temperature and. venues. A The kernels of thefe nuts doe concodt and moderately heate, being in a meane betweene colde and hot: it maketh the rough parts (mooth 5 it is a remedy againftan old cough, and long infirmi¬ ties ofthe cheft,being taken by it felfe or with hony,or elfe with fomc other licking thing. B It cureth the Phtifike,and thole that pine and confume away through the rottennefie of their lungs :itrecouerethftrength jitnourifheth and is reftoratiue to the bodie. C It yeeldeth a thicke and good iuice,and nourifheth much,yet is it not altogither eafie of digefti- on,and therefore it is mixed with preferues,or boiled with fugar. * X) The fame is good for the ftone in the kidneies,and againft frettings of the bladder,.and fealding ofthe vrine,for it alaieth the fharpnes,mittigateth paine,and gently prouoketh vrine: moreouerit increaleth both milke and feede,and therefore it alfo prouoketh flefhly Iuft. E The whole Cone or apple being boiled with frefh Horehound,faith Galen , and afterwards boy- led a gaine with a little hony till the decodtion be come to the thicknes of hony, maketh an excel¬ lent medicine for the clenfingof the cheft and lungs. F The like thing hath Diofcorides , the whole Cones (faith he)which are newly gathered from the trees,broken and boiled in fweete wine are good for an old cough,and confumption of the lungs,if a good draught of that liquor be drunke eucry day. . G The feales of the Pine apple,with the barke ofthe tree, do ftoppe the Iaskeand the bloudy flixe, they prouoke vrine,and the decodion of the fame hath the like propertie. Of the wide Tine tree . Chappy. ^ The kindes. HPHere be many forts of wilde Pine trees,which if they may be referred vnto two,the one fhallbe -*■ the wilde mountaine Pine,and the other the lea Pine. ft Thedefcription. 1 r T' 1 He firft kinde of wilde Pine tree, groweth very great, but not fo high as the former, being I the tame or manured Pine tree^thc barke thereof is glib: the branches are fpread abroad, befet with long fharpe pointed leaues :the fruite is fomewhat like the tame Pine tree, with fbme rofin in thefn,& iweete cf finell,which doth eafily open it felfe,Sc quickly falleth from the tree. 2 The fecond kinde of wilde Pine tree groweth not to high as the former,neither is the ftem gro¬ wing ftraight vp,but yet bringethfoorrb many branches, long, {lender, and fo eafie to be bent or bowed, that heereof they make Hoop.es for wine Hogfheads and Tuns: the fruite of this Pine greater then the finite of any of the other wilde Pines. 1 Pinm HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. I P'inmfy/ueflr’j. The wilde Pine tree. 2 Pinuffytuejlris mugo. The lowe wilde Pine tree. ”7S 3 Pimts tylueflru monta.ru . Theinountaine wilde Pine tree 4 Ptnm montana minor. The imaller wilde Pine tree. THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE '11715 •& 7 he defertption. 3 The thirefe kindc ofwilde Pine trec,groweth ftraight vpright and waxeth great and high jyct not fi> high as the other wilde kindes : the branches do grow like the pitch tree: the fruit is long and big,almoft like the fruit of the faid Pitch tree, wherein are contained fin all trianglednuts, like the nuts of the Pine apple tree, but finaller and more brittle jin which is contained a kernell of a good tafte,like the kernell of the tame Pineapple: thewoodeisbeautifull,andlweete of finell, good to make tables and other workesof. 4 Thereis another wilde Pine ofthemountainc,not differing from the precedent but in ftature, growing for the moftpart like a hedge tree,wherein is the difference. 5 P intts mar Uinta mator. 6 Pintu fylueflriiminor. The defer ft ion. 5 This kinde of Pine called the fea Pine tree, groweth not abotie the height of two men, ha¬ iring leaues like the tame Pine tree,but fhorter j the fruite is of the fame forme, but longer/omwhas fafhioned like a Turnep: this tree yeeldeth very much Rofin. 6 The fixt kinde of wilde Pine being one of the Sea Pines, groweth like an hedge tree orfhrub, feldome exceeding the height ofa man; with little leaues like thofe of the Larch tree, but alwaies continuing with a very little cone/and fine finall kernell. y The baftard wilde Pine tree groweth vp to a meane height jthe trunke or bodie,as alfo the bran¬ ches and leaues arc like vnto thofe of the manured Pine tree:the onely difference is, that fome yeres it refembleth the pine it felfej& the other yeres as a wild hedge tree,varying often ,as nature lifieth to plaie and fport hit felfe amongft hir delights, with other plants oflefie moment: the timber is ibft,and not fit for building, but is of the fubflance ofour Birch tree: the fruite is like thofe of j.he other wilde Pines,whereof this is a kinde. 7 Tech HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ”77 7 Tadafue pfendopinm. The baftard wilde Pine. 'IcThe place. Thefe wilde Pines do growe vpon the colde mountaines of Liuonia,PoIonia,Noruegia, and Ruflia, efpecially vpon the Hand called Hoiand within the Sownde, beyonde Denmarke , and in the woods by Nartia vpon the Liefeland fhore, and all the trad of the way, being a thoufandc Wcrfts ( each Werft containing three quarters ofan Englifhmile) from Narua vnto Mofcouia, where I haue fecne them growe in infinite num¬ bers. # The time. The fruite of thefe Pine trees is ripe in the end of September : out of all thefe iffueth foorth a white and fweete fmclling Rofin : they are alfo changed into Teda , and out of thefe is boiled through the force of the fire, a blacke Pitch: the Pitch tree and the Larch tree be alfofometimes changed into T eda *, yet verie feldome, for Teda is a proper & peculiar infirmitie of the wilde Pine trfce. A tree is faid to be changed into Teda. when not onely the hart ofit, but alfo the reft of the fubftance is turned into fames. The names. All thefe are called in Greeke rrd/jfj. iyjcu : and in Latine Syluefires Pmi: of Pi; nit Pinaflri: P /naffer faith he in his 16.book i o. chapter, is neghin^ elfe but Pinm fylueflrii.ox. the wild Pine tree^of a lefier height, andfullofboughes from the middle, as the tame Pine tree in the top, (mod of the copies haue falfely,Ofa maruelous height; they are farre deceiued who thinkethat the Pinetree is called in Greeke befides the tame Pine whi^h notwithanding is fo called not of all men, but onely of the Arcadians (as we haue faide before) wVx, all men do name the wilde and therefore Teda or the Torch Pine heerof is faid to be in Latine not Picea, but Pine a, that is, not the Pitch tree, but the Pine tree,as Ouid doth plainly teftifie in his Epiftles of noble men: Vtvidi,vtperij, nec notu ign/hm arft, ^/(rdet vt admagnos Pine a Teda deos. Alfo in Faff or am 4. Jllic accenditgeminas pro lamp&de Pin us, Hinc Cererii facrtsmnc quo one Teda datur. The fame doth Virgil alfo fignifie in the 7*of his AEncid. Ip fa inter media*,flagrantemferuida Pinum Sujlinet. Where in flecde of Flagrant cm Pinum , Semin* admonifheth vs to vndcrfhnd Teda Pine a. Gggg 3 Catullus 5t?8 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 'C&'iuilsa alfo confentcth with’them in the manage feng of Iuha and Mailtos: . Mann Pin cam mate tedant. With hande of thine Sh ake Tor eh of Pine. And Prudentim in Hyntno Ccrei Pafchalis . Seu P intis ptceamfert alimoniam. As the Pine tree doth beare and breed, A pitchie foode it felfe to feed. Moreouer the herbe Peucedanos,ov Horeftrong, fo named of the likenes of mvK», is called alfo in La- tine PinajlellMm of Pinosthc Pine tree: all which things do euidently declare that mUn iscalledin Latine not Picea, but Pinos. The frft ofthefe wilde kinds may be idaa 7 heophrajlipi Theophrajlus his Pine tree, growing on mount Ida,if the apple which is ihorter were longer: for he nameth two kinds of wilde Pines, the one of mount Ida,and the other the lea Pine with the round fruit: but we hold the comrade,for the fruit or apple of the wilde mountaine Pine is fhorter,and that of the fea Pine longer.This may more truly be Mace donum mas, or the Macedonians male Pine, for they make two forts of wilde Pines,the male and the female,and the male more writhed and harder to be wrought vpon; and the female more eafie,but the wood of this is more writhed,and not fo much in requeft for works* as the other, and therefore it feemeth to be the male This wilde Pine tree is called in high Dutch JjiattjbaUttlj andtoflOgt ipartybammin Gallia Celtica Eluo t, Aleuo :in Spanifh Pino.Carax. The fecond wilde Pine tree is named commonly of the Italians, Tr idem mis , and ^Ananitnfihtu Cemfao,and Cirmolo\> it feemeth to differ nothing at all from the Macedonians wilde female Pine, for the vvood is cafie to be wrought on,and ferueth for diuers and fundrie workes. The thirde they call Mugj, this maybe named not without caufe that is, Humilit Pinwfft dwarffe Pine:yet doth it differ from the herbe,called in Englifh ground Pine. The fourth wild Pine is named in Greek in Latine Maritime , and Marina Pinua ;in Englifh Sea Pine. That which the Latines call Teda,is named in G reeked,and c/k'JW: in high Dutch ic may be termed in Englifh Torch Pine. plinie is deceiued, in that he fuppofeth the Torch Pine to be a tree by it felfe , and maketh it the Ext kinde of Cone trees, as likewife he erreth in taking Larix, the Larch tree,for wm, the Pine tree. And as Diofcorides maketh fo little difference, as fcarle any betweene 7 kv'm and vhvc s and fuppofeth them to be both of one kinde,fo likewife he fetteth downe faculties common to them both. •k The temperature and vertues, A The barke of them both faith he,doth binde ; being beaten and applied it cureth merigals, and alfo (hallow vlcers and burnings if it be Iaide on with the froth of bluer and fine Frankcnfence. B WiththcCeroteofMirtils it healeth vlcers in tender bodies , being beaten with Copperas it ffaieth tetters,and creeping vlcers: it draweth away the birth and afterbirth, ifit be taken vnderin a fume: being drunke it floppeth the belly, and prouoketh vrine* C Galen hath almofl the fame things, but he faith ,that the bark of the Pine tree is more temperate then that of the Pitch tree 5 the leaucs (lamped take away hot fwellings and fores that come therof D Being (lamped & boiled in vineger,thcy affvvage the pain of the teeth,if they be wafhed with this deco&io hot:the fame be alfo good for thole that haue bad Iiuers,being drunk with water or mead. E Of the fame operation is likewife the barke of the pine nuts * but Galen affirmeth that the Cone or apple, although it feeme to be like vnto thefe is notwithflandingofle(Ierforce,infomuchasit cannot effectually performe any of the aforefaide vertues, buthathinitacertainebitingquaiitie, which hurteth. F The Torch Pine cut into fmallpecces and boiled in vineger, is a remedie likewife againfl the toothach,ifthc teeth be wafhed with the decoClion. G Of^this there is made a profitable fpather or flice to be vied in making of compounde plaiflers and pefliirics that cafe paine. H Of the imoke of this is made a blacke which ferueth to make ynke of,and for and for eating fores in the comers of the eies, and againfl the falling away of the baire of the eie lids, and for watering and bieere eies, as Diofcerides teacheth. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. in o Of Rofins. 1 * T he kindes. ! i Out ofthePinetrees,efpeciaIIy ofthe wilde kindes, there iffueth foorth a liquid, whitifh, and fweete fmelling Rofin , and that many times by itfelfe; but more plentifully either out of d ie cue and broken boughes,or foorth of the body when the tree commeth to be a Torch Pine. 2 There iflueth al(o,foorth of the crackes and chinkesof the barke, or out of the cut boughes, a certaine drie Rofin,and that foorth of the Pine tree,or Firre tree. There is likewife found a certaine congealed Rofin vpon the cones or apples. It is called in Latine Refine in Greeke pmV»: in high Dutch ip act?* in lovve Dutch tin Ita¬ lian Rxgix: in Spanifh Refinx: in Englifh Rofin. The firft is named in Latine Liquida Refinx: in Greeke/^'™ uyua, and of diners avn'tfvTvf, that is to fay,ifIiiingout ofitfelfe, of the Lacedemonians or Primtflux , the firft flowing Rofin : and in Cilicia ylottvclikiov-, as <j^»writethinhisthirdebookeof medicines according to the kindes: in lhops Refintt Pini, or Rofin of the Pine tree,and common Rofin. It hapneth oftentimes thorGwe the negligent and carelefte gathering thereof,that certaine finall pceces of woode,and little ftones be founde mixed vvith it: this kinde of Rofin Gxlen furnameth ovyw (*tw, as though he fhouldfaie,con- fufed,which being melted and denied from the drofle becommeth hard and brittle. The like hapneth alfo to another liquid Rofin,which after it is meked,boi!ed 3 and cooled againe, is hard and brittle, and may likewife be beaten, ground, andfearced; and this Rofin is named in Greeke ^vkty,- in Latine Fnttx, and many times Colophonix, in Greeks which name is vfed among the Apothecaries,and may ftande for an Englifh name ; for Gxlen in his third booke of Me¬ dicines according to their kinds laith,that it is called Fricla, and of fome Colophonix ; that, faith he, is the dried: Rofin of all ,which fome call Friffx, others Colophonix: bicaufe in times paft , as Diofco- ride$ writeth,it was defired of Colopb0 ; this beingyellow in companion of the reft, is white when it is beaten,/*//;*# inhis i^.booke 2o.chapter. The fecond Rofin is named in Greeke pmivn frsd, fpecially that of the Pitch tree without fames, and that foone waxeth dry,which Gxlen in his tf.bookc of Medicines according to the kinds,calleth properly mwivov. that which in Alia is made of the Pitch tree being very white, is called Spa- gasps Pliny teftifieth. The third is called in Greeke pmivn r&Grivn : the fame is alfo named jiW c^Cikivov. this is vnknown infliops. Yet there is to be foldc a certaine drie Rofin, but the fame is con pounded of theRofins ofthe Pine tree, of the cones or clogs, and ofthe Firre tree mixed al togither, which they call Ga- ripot: this is vfed in perfumes in fteede of Frankenfence ? from which notwithftanding it farre differeth. ie The temperature and verities. All the Rofins are hot and drie, but not all after one rnaner: for there is a difference among ^ them:they which be (harper and more biting, are hotter, as that which commeth of the cones, being of Rofins the hotteft,bicaufe it is alfo the fharpeft: the Rofin ofthe Pitch tree is not fo much biting,and therefore not fo hot: the Rofin of the Firre tree is in a meane betweene them both ; the liquid Rofin of the Pine is moifter, comming neere to the qualitie and facultie ofthe Larch Rofin. The Rofins which are burnt or fried, as Diofcorides teftifieth, are profitable in plaifters, andg compofitions that eafewearifomnefte; for they do notonelyfupplc ormollifie, but alfo bv reafon of the thinnes of their parts and drinefle, they digeft: therefore they both mollifie and wafte awaie fwellings ,andthorow the fame facultie they cure vvearilomneffe, being vfed in compound me¬ dicines for that purpofe. The liquid Rofins are very fitly mixed in ointments, commended for the healing vp of greeneQ wounds,for they both bring to fuppuration,and do alfo glue and vnite them togither. Moreouer there is gathered out from the Rofins as from Frankenfence,a congealed fmoke, called 0 in Latine Fuligo, in Greek riym ■ and in Englifh Blacke, which ferueth for medicines that beautifie the eie lids,and cure the fretting fores of the corners of the eies,and alfo watering eies, for it drieth without biting. There is made hecreof faith Diofcorides, writing inke: but in our age not that which weeg Gggg 4 write v ii8o THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE —- write withall, but the fame which ferueth for Printers to print their bookes with, that is to fay, of this blacke,or congealed fmoke,and other things added. OfPitch andTar. The manner ofdraxcingfoorth of Fitch . Out of the fatteft wood of the Pine tree changed into the Torch Pine,is drawn Pitch by force of fire. A place mud be paued with ftone,or fbme other hard matter,a Iitle higher in the middle ; about which there muft alio be made gutters, into which the liquor fhallfall 5 then out from them other gutters are to be drawen, by which it may be receiued; being rcceiued, it is put into barrels. The piace being thus prepared,the cloucn wood of the Torch Pine muft be let vpright, then muft it be couered with a great number of Fir and Pitch boughes^nd on euery part al about witlji much lome and earth: and great heede muft be taken, leaft there be any cleft or chinke remaining,onely a hole left in the topof theFurnace, thorow which the fire may be put in, and the flame and fmoke may pafieout: when the fire burneth the Pitch runneth foorthjfirft the thin,and then the thicker. This liquor is called in Greeke in Latine Fix: in English Pitch, and the moyfture,euen the fame that firft runneth is named of Piinie inhis i£.b v ooke n. chapter Cedria : There is beykd in Europe^faith he,fro;n the Torch Pine a liquide Pitch vied about Chips, and feruing for many other purpofes; the wood being cloucn is burned with fire, andfet round about the fornaces on euery Fide, after the manner of making Charcoles; the firft liquor runneth thorow the gutter like water. (This in Syria is called Cedrium , which is of fo great vertue, as in Egypt the bodies of dead men are preferued, being all couered ouer with it) the liquor following being now thicker, is made Pitch. But Diofcorides writeth^ that Cedriais gathered of the great Cedar tree, and nameth the liquor drawen out of the Torch tree by force of fire, this is that which the Latines call Fix itaui- da : the Italians Pece liquid* : in high Dutch cKSUlCl) bcICl) J in lowe Dutch CSCt t in French Poix foudne : in Spanifh Peztiquida: certainc Apothecaries ICitran 3 and we in England Tar. And of this when it is boyled,is made a harder Pitch: this is named in Greeke in Latine o €rida or fee a p/x • of diners mtopaihtt: as though they ftiould fay, Herat* Fix , or Pitch iterated .* bicaufe it is boyled the fecond time. A certaine kinde hereof being made clammie or glewing is na- m ed0o<ryj,r. in ftiops P/xnaualupr Ship Pitch: inhighDuch'Bacijt in Idwc Dutch in Italian Pecefecca : in French Poixfeche : in Spanifh Fez feea : in Englifh Stone Pitch. is The temperature and vertues . ^ Pitch is hot and drv,Tarre is hotter,and ftone pitch more drying,as Galen writeth.Tarre is good againft inflammations ofthe Almonds of the throte, and the vuula,and iikewife the Squinciej be¬ ing outwardly applied. g ItisaremedietormarreringeareswithoileofRofes: ithealeththebitings of Serpents, ic it be beaten with fait and applied. q With an equal! portion of waxe it taketh away fouleilfauoured nailcs,it wafteth away fwellings ofkemels,and hard fwellings of the mother and fundament. p With barly rneale and a boies vrinc,it confumeth or the Kings Euill • it ftaieth eating vl* cers,if it be iaide vnto them with brimftone, and the barke of the Pitch tree,or with branne. g It it be mixed with fine Frankenlence,and a cerate made thereof, it healeth chops of the funda¬ ment andTeete. p Stone Pitch doth mollifie and foften hard fwellings: it ripeneth and maketh matter,and waftHi away hard fwellings and inflammations of kernels:itfilleth vp hollow vlcers,and is fitly mixed vv 1 wound medicines. q What vertue Tarre hath when it is inwardly taken we may reade in Diofcorides and Galen , but we let downe nothing thereof,for that no man in our age will eafily vouchfafe the taking. jq There is aHo made of Pitch a congealed fmoke or blacke,whichferuethfor the famepurpofes^as that ofthe Rofmsdoth, Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS* 1181 Of the Firre,or‘Deale tree. Cbap.^o. T. dibits, . The Firrc tree. ^ ^" e defer iption, HeFirrctrce groweth very high and great, hauing his leaues cner greene, his trunke or bodylmooth, eucn andftraight, without ioints or knots, vntill it hath gotten braunches; which are many and very faire,befet with leaues, not much vnlike the leaues of the Ewe tree, but fmallerramong which cometh forth the fruit,like vntothe Pine apple, but fmaller and narrower, hanging downc as the Pine apple; the timber hereof cxcelleth all other timber for the matting of (hips, ofpottes, railes, deale hordes, and fun- dry other-purpofes. There is another kinde of Firre tree, which is likewife a very high and tall tree, and higher then the Pine: the body of it is ftraight without knots below, waxing finaller and ffnaller euen to the ve¬ rse top rabout whichit fendethfoorth boughes, fower togither out of one and the felfe fame pare of the body,placedone againft another,in roaner of a crofle,growing forth of the fewer hides of the body, andobferuing the fame order euen to the very top: out of thefe boughes grow others alio, but by two and two, one placed right againft an other,out of the fldes,which bende downwar ties, when the other beaic vpwardsithe leaues compas the boughes round about,& the branches thcrof: they be long, round,and blunt pointed,narrower and much whiter then thofe of the Pitch tree, that is to fay, of a light greene, and in a manner of a white colourrthe cones or clogs be long,and longer then any others of the cone trees,theycon- fift of a multitude offofcfcales,thcy hang downe from the ende of the twigs, anddonot eafilyfeil downc,but remaine on the tree a very long time: the kernels in thefe are fmall, not greater then the kernels of the Cherrie ftone, with a thinne skin growing on the one fide, very likealmoft to the wings of Bees,or great Flies: the timber or fubftance of the vvoode is white , and clad with manic coates, like the head of an Onion. & The place. The Firre trees growevpen high mountaines, in many woods of Germanie and Bohemia, in which it continuerh ahvaics greene; it is found alfo on hils in Italy, France,and orher countries; it commeth downe oftentimes into the vaileies: they are found likewife in Prufe, Pomerania, Licfe- landjRufliajandefpeciallyin Norway j wherelhauefcenc the goodheft trees in the worldeof this kinde,growing vpon the rockie and cuaggie mountaines,almoft without any earth about them, or any other thing, fading a little mofle about the rootes,which thruft themfelues heere and there into thechinkesandcranies of therockes, and therefore are eafilycatt downe with any extreme gale of winde. I haue fecne thefe trees growing in Chefhirc, StafFordfhire,and Lancashire, where they grew in great pientie,as is reported before Afo*/kffloud;but then being ouerturned,and ouerwbel- med haue lien fince in the mottes and waterie moorifh grounds very frefh and found vntill this day, and fo full of a Refinous fubftance, that they burne like a Torch or Linke , and the inhabitants of thofe countries do ca : l it Firre-woo.de, and fier woodc vnto this day: out of this tree iff erh Rofin called Thu *,inEnglifli Frankenfence: but from the yoong Fir trees proceedeth an excellent c'rerr* u8i THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE' cleere, and liquid Rofin 3 in taftelike vnto the peelings or outward rinde of the Pomecitron. The time. The time of the Firre tree agreeth with the Pine trees. •kT’he names. This tree is called in Latine o dbies : in Greeke \hJem among the Grecians of our time the fame name remaineth whole and vneorrupt: it is called in high Dutch cUEleif^tlDfjannetb and^Cife Cljatmeufcaum: in lowe Dutch mittz ^ennenboom^ or and^aS-baom: in Italian ^Abete: in Spanifh Abeto: in Englifh Firre tree 3 Maft tree,and Deale tree. The firft is called in French du Sap, or Sap in: the other is Sruffe. The liquid Rofin which is taken foorth of thebarke oftheyoong Firre trees, is called in Greeke Jhlzpvcv tH( i\xvis: in Latine Lachrymaabietu, and Lachrymaabiegna :)’n fhops of Germany, as alfo of England falfly Tcrebinthina Veneta, or Venice Turpentine: in Italian Lagrimo : diners do thinke that Diofcondes czllzih k mJJv.s fa-rin, Oleoja Refma, or oilie Rofin 5 but oilie Rofin is the fame that Pix hquida ,or Tar is. t^A/ida Abietum Re fin a ,01 dric Rofin cf the Fir trees,is rightly called in Greeke ptm) n sW^and in Latine Abiegna Refna: it hath a fweete fmell,and is oftentimes vfed among other perfumes in Read ofFrankinlence. The temperature. The barke,fruit 3 and gums of the Fir tree, are of the nature of the Pitch tree and his gums. ie The vertues. The liquid Rofin of the Fir treecalled Turpentine, loofeth the belly, driueth foorth hotcholc- ricke humors,cleanfeth and mundifieth the kidneics ,prouoketh vrine,and driueth foorth the ftonc and grauell. B The fame taken with Sugar and the powder of Nutmegs, curcth the flrangurie 3 ftaieth the Go¬ norrhoea or the vnuoluntarie ifiiie of mans nature, called the running of the rains, and the white fluxe in women. C It is very profitable for all greeneand frefh wounds, efpecially the wounds of the head: for it healeth and clenfeth mightily, efpecially if it be wailied in Plantainc water, and afterward in Rofe water ,the yolke of an egge put chereto 3 with the powders of OUbanum and Maflicke finely fearced, adding thereto a little Saffron. < Of the Larch tree . Chap . 4 . 1 . & The defcription. I 'T 1 He Larch is a tree of no fmall height, with a body growing ftraight vp:the barke whereofin S the neather part beneath the boughes is thickc, rugged, and full of chinkes ; which being cut in funder is red within, and in the other part-aboue fmootb, flipperie,fomething white without: it bringeth foorth many boughes diuided into other lefler branches,which be tough and pliable.The leaues are fmall,andcut into many iags, growing in clufters thicke togither like tafiels, which fall away at the approch of winter. The flowers or rather the Hrft fhewes of the cones or fruit be round,and grow out of the tendered boughes, being at the length of a braue red purple colour. The cones be fmall, and like almoflin bignes to thofe of the Cypres tree, but longer, and made vp of a multitude of thin feales like leaues: vnder which lie fmall feedes, hauing a thin velme growing on them very like to the wings of Bees orwafpes; the fobftance of the wood is very hard, of colour efpecially that in the rniddeff s fomewhat red,and very profitable for works of long continuance. It is not true that the wood of the Larch tree cannot be fet on fire, as Vitrmius reporteth of the caftell made ofLarch wood,which c*far befieged ; for it burneth in chimneies, and is turned into coles,which are very profitable for Smithes, as Adathic/u-swntcih. There is alfo gathered of the Larch tree a liquide Rofin, very like in colour and fubdance to the whiter hony, as that of Athens or of Spaine, which notwithftandingifTueth not foorth of itfelfc, but runneth out of the ftocke of the tree,when it hath been bored euen to the very hart with a great and long awger or wimble. Galen writeth, that there be after a fort two kindes hereof, in his fourth booke of medicines ac¬ cording to the kinds,011c like vnto Turpentine,the other more fharper tha this 3 hotter 3 more liquid, of HI $ TO RIE OF PLANTS, ii8j of a ftronger fmel!,ana in tade bitterer and hotter: but the latter is thought not to be the Rofin of the Larch, but of the Firre tree, which Galen bicaufe it is after a fort like in fubdance 3 might hauc taken for that of the Larch tree, ( There groweth alfo vpon the Larch treeakindcof Mufhrumor excrefcence, not fuch as is vp- onother trees, but whiter, fofter, more Ioofe and fpungie then any other of the Mufhrums , and good for medicine, which beareth the name of ^Agaricm^ or Agaricke: I find that Pliny fuppofeth all the Madicke trees , and thofe that bcare Gals,do bring foorth this -Agar earn yv herein he was ; fomewhat deceiued,and efpecially in that he tooke Glxndifera for Conifer *,that is,thofe trees which beare Made or Acornes,for the Pine apple trees: but among all the trees that beare ^Agaicm^ tire Larch is the chicfc,and bringeth mod plentie of Agarick, 2 Lartx cum Agarico Jho. The Larch tree with his Agarick. I Lariclf ramdm. A branch of the Larch tree. 1 »¥ The place. The Larch tree groweth not in Greecc,or in Maccdon,but chiefely vpon the Alpes of Italy,nor farre from Trent,hard by the riuers Eonaetu and P adits ;and aifb in other places of the fame moun- taines: ic is likewife found on hils inMorauia, which in times pad was called the coun trey of the Marcomans \Puchfins writeth , that k groweth alfo in Sileha: others in Lufatia, in the borders of Poland: it alfo groweth plentifully in the woods of Gallia Cifalpina, Pltnie hath laid fomwhat heerof,contradi£hng the writings of others,in his i^.book 8. chapter, where he faith, thatfpecially the Acornetrees of France do beare Agaricke, and notonclythe Acorne trees,but the Cone trees alfo^ among which faith he, the Larch tree is the chiefe that brin¬ geth foorth Agaricke, and that not onclyin Gallia, which nowe is called Fraunce, but rather in LumbardicandPicmontin Italy, where there be whole woods of Larch trees, although they be founde in fome fmall quantitie in other countries. The bed Agarick is that which is whited, very Ioofe and fpungie, which may eafily be broken, and is light,and in the fird tade fweete,harde,and well compadt: that which is heauy,blackifli 5 and containing in it little threeds as it were offinewes 3 is counted pernicious and deadly, ie 1 he ! 1184 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •fr The time. Of all the Cone trees onely the Larch tree is found tobe without leau.es in the winter: in the fpi ing grows frefh leaues outof the fame knobs, from which the former did fall. The cones are to be gathered before winter fo loone as the leaues are gone: for after the fealesare loofedand opened, the (cedes drop away: theRofin mult be gathered in the fommer moneths. & The names. This tree is called in Greeke : in Latine alfo Larix: in Italian and Spanifh Lirice .- in hi^h Dutch ILerCflthliaUtn : in lows Dutch Lci&cnhoonn in French Mclefe: inEnglifn Larch tme, and of feme Larix tree. The liquid Rofen is named by Galen alfo theLatines call iiReJinaLmgna , or ReJinaLa- ricea, Larch Rolin: the Italians Larga, the Apothecaries Terebinthina, or Turpentine, and is fokie and alfo mixed in medicines in Read thereof: neither is that a thing newly done ;for Galen likevvife in his time reporteth, that the driiggers fold the Larch Rofine in Read of Turpentine, and this may be done without error.- for Galen himfelfe in one place vfeth Larch Rolin for Turpentine; and in another Turpentine for Larch Rofin, in hisbookeof medicines according to thekindes. The Agaricke is alfo called in Greeke aytemv and ms-, in Latine Agaric mm and A gar/ cm, and folikewileinfhops: the Italians, Spaniards 3 and other nations do imitate the Greeke word, and in Englifh we call it Agaricke. . # The temperature andvertues. The leaues, barkc,fruit and kernell,are of temperature like vnto the Pine, but not lb Rrong. The Larch Rolin is of a moyRer temperature than ail the reRof the Refines, and is withall without fharpnes or biting, much like to the right Turpentine, and is fitly mixed with medicines which perfe&Iy cure vlcers and greene wounds. q All Rofins,faith Galen, that bane this kinde ofmoyRure and clamminefie ioined with them,do as itvverebinde togither and vnitedrie medicines, and bicaufe they haue no euident bitingqualitie, they do moyRenthe v[cers nothing at all ; therefore diners haue very well mixed with Inch com¬ pound medicines either Turpentine Rofine, or Larch Rofine : thus far Galen. Moreouer,Larch Ro¬ fine performeth all Rich things that the Turpentine Rofine doth, vnto which, as we haue laid, it is much like in temperature,which thing likewife Galen himfelfe affirmeth. D Agaricke is hot in the firfi degree and drie in the fecond,according to the old writers.lt cutteth, maketh thin,cleanfeth,taketh away obRrudlions or Roppings of the intrailes, and purgeth alfo by the Roole. g Agaricke cureth the yellow iaundies proceeding of obRrudions,andisafureremediqforcoId (bakings,which are cauled of thickeand cold humors. p The fame being inwardly taken & outwardly applied,Is good for thole that are bit of venemous ^ beaRs which hurt with their colde poyIon. q It prouoketh vrine, and bringeth downc the menles: it maketh the body well coloured, driueth foorth wormes, cureth agues, elpeeially quotidians, and wandring feuers, and others that are of long continuance,if it be mixed with fit things that ferue for the difeafe : and thefe things it perfor¬ meth by drawing foorth and purging away of grofie, coide, and flegmatike humors, which caule the difeafes. _ From a dram waight or a dram and a halfe to two,is giuen at once in fubftance or in powder; the waight ofit in an infufion or decodtion is from two drams to fiue. I But it purgeth flowly, and doth fo me what trouble the Romacke: and therefore it is appointed, that Ginger fliouid be mixed with it,or wilde Carrot feede; or Louage feede, or Sal gem, in Latine S alfo fits. j£ Galen , as Me fuss doth report, gaue it with wine wherein Ginger was infufed : lome vfe to giue it with QxymeljOtherwife called firupe of vinegcr,which is the lafeR way of all. p Agaricke is good againR the paines and fwimming of the head, or the falling euill,being taken with the firupe of vineger. jyl It is good againR the (hortnefte of breth called AHhma , the inucterate cough of the lungs, the ptificke,confumption,and thefe that fpet blood: itcomforteth the weake and feeble ftomack,cau- feth good digeftion 3 and is good againR wormes. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1185 Of the Cyprefe tree . Chap . 4 .: Cupreffm niter n/iue (ylueftris. The wilde Cyprefle tree. * ^he defcription. T Hctameor manured Cyprefle tree,hath a long, thicke, and ftraight body: whereupon many (lender branches do growe, which do not fpread abroad like the branches of other trees,but grow vp alongft the body,yct not tou¬ ching the top 5 they growe after the fafhion of a fteeple, broad below andnarrowctowardcsthe top : the fubflance of the wood is harde,(oundc, well compad/weete of fmell,and fomewhat yel¬ low, almoft like the yellow Saunders, but not al- togither fo yellow; neither doth it rot, nor waxe old,nor cleaueth or chappcth it (elfe. The leaues are long,round like thofe of Tamariske,but more full of fubflance. The fruit or nuts do hang vpon the boughes, being in manner like to thofe of the Larch tree, but yet thicker & more clofely corn- pad: which being ripe do of themfelues part in funder, and then falleth the (eede, which is (ha- ken out with the wi'nde: the (ame is (mall, flat,ve¬ ry thin, of a (wartill fauoured colour, which is pleafant to Ants orPilmires, and ferueth them forfoode. The figure of this tree we do want, and the rather fuffer it (o to pafle,bicaufe it is wel knowento moft. The figure of the wilde kinde we haue fet foorth with his fruit. Of this diuers make two kindes : the female and the male; the female barren, and the male fruitfull. TheophritBm reporteth that diuers affirme the male to come of the female. T he Cyprefle yeeldeth foorth a certaine liquid Rofin, like in fubflance to that of the Larch tree, but in cafte mar- uellous fharpe or biting. The wilde Cyprefle, zsTheophraJlmmitcthj is an high tree, and alwaies greene, fo like to the other Cypres,asitfeemethtobethefameboth in boughes, body,leaues, andfruite, ratherthena certaine wilde Cypres: the matter or fubftance of the wood is founde, of a fweete fine!!, like that of the Cedar tree, which rotteth not: there is nothing fo crifped as the roote, and therefore they vfe to make precious and coftly works heereof. # 7 he place. The tame or manured Cypres tree groweth in hot countries, as in Candie, Lvcia,Rhodes , and al(o intheterritorie ofCyrenia: it is reported to be like wife found on the hils belonging to mount Ida.andonthehils called Lcuct, that is to fay, white, the tops whereof be alwaies couered with (how: Bellonim denieth it to be found vpon the tops of thefe hils, but in the bottomes on the rough parts and ridges of the hils: it groweth likewife in diuers places of Englande, where it hath beene planted,as at Sion aplace neereLondon,(omctimcahoufeofNunnes: it groweth afloat Green¬ wich,and at other places. The wilde kinde of Cypres tree groweth hard by ^Ammons Temple, and in other parts of the countrey of Cyrene,vpon the tops of mountaines,and in extreme coldc places. Bellonim affirmeth, that there is found a certaine vvilde Cypres alfo in Candie, which is not fo high as other Cypres trees, nor groweth fharpe toward the top,bur is lower, and hath his boughes Ipread fiat, rounds about in compafle ;hc faith that the body thereof is alfo thicke: but whether this be T hyn> of which Theophrnjlm and Pliny make mention,we leaue it to be confidered of Ht T he 1x86 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE & The time. The tame Cypres tree is alwaies greene , the fruite maybe gathered thrife a ycere; in Ianuarie, Maie,an'd September, and therefore it is furnamed 7 rifera . The wildc Cipres tree is Iate 3 and very long before it bnddeth. The names. The tame Cypres tree is called in Greeke Kumtu<r(nf ,or K vmujlas: in 'LztmcCupreffus: in (hops Cy~ prejjus : in Italian Cypreffo: in French and Spanifh Cipres : in high Dutch (JEfp^fltnbaUUl J in lowe Dutch hooni X in Englifh Cypres 3 and Cypres tree. The fruite is named in Greeke wakxa m ww: inLatine PiluU Cuprep , NtuesCuprep , and Galbuli: infhops Truces Cyprep: in Englifh Cypres NutsClogs. This tree in times part was dedicated to Pluto, and was faide to be deadly 3 whereupon it is thought that the fhadowe thereof is vnfortunate. The wilde Cypres tree is called in Greeke 3v*,or9Hoy, and 9^0^.- from this doth differ V««beinga name not of a plant,but of a mortar 3 in which dry things are beaten .7 hya as Pliny writeth in his• 3. booke 1 (^.chapter, was wellknowneto Homer j hefheweth that this is burned among the fweete finds, which Circe was much delighted withall 3 whom he would haue to be taken for a goddefle, to their blame that call fweete and odoriferous fmels 3 euenall of them, by that name ;"bicaufe he dothefpecially inake mention withall in one verfe of Cedreis and Thya: the copies hauefalfelyz^ rix, or Larch tree, in which it is manifeft that he fpake onely of trees: the verfe is extant in the fife booke of Odyffes, where he mentioneth that Mercur/e by Iupiters commandement went to Calypjus den,and that he did feele a great way off the fmell or the burnt trees Thya and Cedrus. Theophrafim attributed! great honor to this tree 3 fhewing that the roofes of old temples became famous by reafon of that wood 3 and that the timber thereof, of which the rafters are made, is euer- la(ling,and is not hurt there by rotting 5 cobweb 3 nor any other infirmitie or corruption. *.l The temperature. The fruite and leaues of Cypres are dry in th6 third degiee and ^ftringent. ‘kThe vertues. The Cypres Nuts being (lamped and drunken with wine, as Diofcorides writeth, (loppeth the laske and bloudie flixe: it is good againft the (pitting of bloud 3 and all other ififues of bloud. g They glue and healevp great vlcers in hard bodies, they fafely and withoufharme fokevp and confume the hid and fecret moifture lying deepe & in the bottomc ofweal e and moift infirmities. q The leaues and nuts are good to cure the rupture,to take away the Polypwphat is an excrefcence growing in the nofe. 4 - j) Somevfe the fame againft carbuncles, and eating fores, mixing them with parched Barley meale. £ The leaues of Cypres boiled in fiveetc wine, or meade, doth helpe the (trangurie and difficultic of making water. p It is reported that the (moke of the leaues doth driuc away gnats, and that the clogs do fo like- wife. G The fhauings of the wood laid amongft garments, preferueth them from mothes, the Rofinkil- leth mothes,littie wormes and magots. Of the Tree of Life. Chap , 4 . 3 . •kThe defer ipt ion. T He tree of life groweth to the height of a finall tree, the barke being of a darke reddifh colour: the timber very hard, the branches fpreading themfelues abroad, hanging downe toward the ground by reafon of the weaknes of the twiggie branches, furcharged with verie oileous and ponderous leaues,carting and fpreading themfelues like the feathers of a wing, rcfembling thofe of the Sauine tree,or rather like the Yew tree leaues, but thicker, and more full of gummie or oileous fubftancejwhich being rubbed in the hands do yeelde an aromaticke,fpicie,or gummiefauour,very plcalanc and comfortable : among the leaues come foorth finall yellowifh flowers, which in my garden fall away without any fruite 5 but as it hath beene reported by thofe that haue feene the lame,there follovveth a fruit in hot regions,much like vnto the fruit of the Cipres tree, but (mailer 5 conip a Ct of little and thinne feales, clofely pa£l one vpon another, which my fclfe haue not yet feene: HIS TOR IE CO F P L A N T feene. The branches of this tree laid downe in the earth will very eafilic take roote s euen like the Woodbinds or fottte fuch plant,which I haue often prooued, and thereby haue greatly multiplied thefe trees. k The place. This tree groweth not vvilde in England/biit it groweth in my garden very plentiftflly» ... k The time. veqv-. ..'a - Irendureth thecoldof ourNorthrenclimat, yet doth it lolehis gallant greenes in the winter months: it flovvreth in m y garden about May. - ■ k The frames. Theophrattm and Flinte haue called this fweetc and aromaticall tree Thuza, or Thy a .Tome call it Ce- dr us Lycia: the new writers do- teniae it Arbor viu: in Englifh the Tree of life, I do not means that, whereofmentionismadeGen.3.22. - k The temperature. Both the leaues and boughes be hot and drie. k The vertuez. Among the plants of the Newfoundland-, this « tree which T heophraflu* calleth Thuza or Thm , is. themoft principall and beft agreeing vnto the na¬ ture of man as an excellent cordiall, and of a very pleafant finell. Of the Yew tree . Chap . 4 . 3 . Taxus. The Yew tree. 1187 CArbor 'Oita. Th e Tree of life. k 7 he deferzption. T He Yew tree is a great high tree remaining alwaies greene, and hailing a bigtrunke co= tiered with a (cabbed or rough fcalie baike. the timber wherof is (omewhat red, and hisarmes alfowith his branches. The leaues be of a darke greene colour, long and narrovvc like feathers or wings, fet full of little leaues, growing all along a fmall Hem, one Handing right oppofite againftan other, whereof eachleafeis narrower and longer than the leaues ofRofeinarie,of a brighter greene colour, otherwife not much vnlike : among which come foorth faire fnining red berries as big as WhortlcberrieSjfull ofa flirnie fubftance,and very fweete tafte. k 7 he place. The Yew tree groweth in many countries : in Macedonia and Arcadia,in Icalie & Languedcckrit groweth likewife in raoft places of England. k The time. The flowers come foorth in March or April,and ftraight after them appeere new buds : theberics be ripe in Autumne, in which time they fall. . k The names* This tree is named by Diofcorides ^<T^:by Thec* phraflpw- but by Nicander\n his booke of Conn- terpoyfons ojmkos : Galen doth alfo call it wflon n88 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it is named in Latine : in high Dutch ^gptieilbaUttt J in Iowe Dutch 3ihCtthOCUti: in Italian Taffo: in Spanifh T oxo and Taxo: in French Tf: in Englifh Ewe or Yew tree: in vnlearned fhops if any of themremaine 3 it is called Tamarifcus y which in times paft were woont not without great error to mixe the barke hereof in compound medicines in Head of the Tamariske barke. ik The temperature. The Yew tree,as <j4/^reporteth 3 is of a venemous qualitie 3 and againft mans nature. Dio/corides writgth 3 and generally all that heretofore.haue dealt in thefacultieof herbarifme,that the Yew tree is very venemous to be taken inwardly, and that if any do fleepe vnderthe fhadow thereof, itcau- feth ficknes, and oftentimes death. Moreouer, they lay that the fruitc thereof being eaten 3 is not onely dangerous vnto man and deadly 3 but if birds do eate thereof 3 it cauleth them to call: their fea- thers,and many times to die. All which I dare boldly affirme 3 is alfogither: vntrue. For when I was yoongand wenttofchoole 3 diuersof my Ichoolefellowesandlikewilemy felfe did eate our fils of the berries of this tree 3 and haue not onely flept vnder the fhadow thereof, but among the bran¬ ches alfo,without any hurt at all 3 and that not one time, butmany times. TheopbraHnsi aith, that Koqv^&nmaliaGaza tranflateth them/^^4,or laboring beafts do die 3 if they do eat of the ieaues: but fuch cattell as chew their cud 3 receiue no hurt at all thereby. Nicander in his book ofCounterpoilons doth reckon the Yew tree among the venemous plants, letting downe alfo a remedie,arid that in thefe words: Gorraus hath tranllated them. farce'venenata Taxo quae fur git in Oeta Abie t ib us ftmilitjethoque abfumit acerbo , prater morem pleno crateremeraca Funder e vina pares,cum primumfentiet £ger t^sfrefan obfructasfauces anim&cpie canalem . 1 Of the juniper tree. Chap.\\. '■k Thekindes. A Mong the luniper trees, one is lelTer, another greater, being a ftrange and forren tree, one of **thefe bringeth foorth a flower,and nofruite: the other fruitc and no flowers. V? Thedefcription. 1 ^TP He common Iunipcr tree groweth in fome parts of Kent, vnto the ftature and bignes of a I faire great tree,but mod commonly it groweth very lowe like vnto ground Firres: this tree hathathinnebarkeorrinde, which in hot regions will chop and rende it felfe into manie craniesorpeeces; out of which rifts iffucth a certaine gumme or liquor, much like vnto Franken- cenle: the leaues are very fmall,narrow,and hard,and fomwhat prickly, growing euer green alongft the branches thicketogither: among which come foorth rounde and ffnall berries, greene at the firftjbutafterwardeblacke decliningtoblewnefle 3 ofagoodfauour, and fweete in tafte, which do waxe fome what bitter 3 after they be dry and withered. 2 The great Iuniper tree commcth now a nd then to the height of the Cypres tree, with a greater and harder leafe 3 and alfo with a fruitc as bigge as Oliue berries, as Bellonius writeth, of an excee¬ ding faire blew colour,and of an excellent fweete fauour. i luniptrm HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i 189 i 1 im;per m. The lumper tree; 2 Iuniper us maximus. The great lumper tree. ❖ 7 • e place. The common Iuniper tree is found in very many places,efpecially in the fouth parts ofEngland. ^//o»/^reporteth 5 that the greater growtD vpon mount faurtis: iloifius ^ingudUra writeth 3 that it is found on the lea fhores of the Ligufiiu may is & Adnatici , and in lllyrico , bringing foorth great berries: and others fay that it groweth mPmnencc ot France: it commeth vp for the mod part in rough places and necre to the lea 3 as D/ofeorules notetb, 7 he time. The Iuniper tree flovvreth in May.; the flower whereof is nothing elfe, but as it were a little yello- wilTi dud or powder flrowed vpon the boughes. The fruit is ripe in September P and feldome found either winter or fommer without ripe and vnripe berries,and all at one time. tfc The names. The Iuniper tree is called in Greeke^p^^?: the Apothecaries keepe the Latino name Iuniperm: the Arabians call it s_yJrconas and ^sfrcbencas-. the Italians Ginepro: in high Dutch LLlCCbbOltEC X in Spanifh Enebrofiinebro, and Zimbro : the French men and bale Almaines demure : in Englifli Iuniper tree. ThelederisnamedinGreekeap^9©-: in Latine Iuniperus. The great Iuniper tree is called in Greek yjJTmeiMbfJyja,: in Latin (by IJ Obeli w) lumper us maximus Iilyricui car ale a beccapy reafon of the colour of the berries ,and may be called inEngliih blew Iuniper. The berries are called Gram. Ium- periy in Greeke ifxA>§U, although the tree it felfe alfo is oftentimes called by the fame namc^^/V: it is termed in high Dutch firaUlCilKCl', ^lecUjbHCliuet* X in lo we Dutch ^CriC&rtfEflOl X in Spa¬ nifh Tjjurinas ;in Enghfhluniper berries. The gum of the Iuniper tree is vliially called of the Apothecaries Fernix: in Latine Lachryma Juniperi: Serapto nameth it S.indkrax and Sundayacha, but there is another Sandaracha among the Grecians being a kindc of Orpment, which groweth in the lame minerals wherein Orpmentdoth, and this doth far differ from Fernix, or the Iuniper gum. Pltnie in his n.booke 7. chapter maketh mention alio of another Sandaracha , which is called Enthace and Cerinthm ; this is the meateof tees whiled they be about their worke, Hhhhx &Th’e iipo A B C D E F ,G H I K L THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •& The temperature. Juniper is hot and drie, and that in the third degree, as Galen teacheth ; the berries are alfo hot, but not altogither To drie: the gum is hot and drie in the firft degree,as the Arabian s write. Thevcrtues. The fruit of the Iuniper tree doth clenfe the liuer and kidneies, as Galen teft ifieth: it alfo maketh thin clammie and grofte humours: it is vfed in counterpoyfons and other holfome medicines: be¬ ing oner largely taken it caufeth gripings and gnawings in the ftomacke, and maketh the head hot; it neither bindeth nor loofeth the belly; it prouoketh vrine. Diofcondes reporteth, that this being drunke is a remedie againft the infirmities of the cheft, coughes,windines,gripings 3 and poyfons,and thatthe fame is good for thofe that be troubled with cramps,burftings,and with the dileafecalled the mother. Iris moft certaine that the deco&ion of thefe berries is fingular good againft an old cough, and againft that with which children are now and then extremely troubled, called the Chin cough, in which they vie to raife vp raw,tough and clammic humors,that haue many times blood mixed with them. Diners in Bohemia do take in ftead of other drinke, the water wherein thefe berries haue beene ftecpedjwho line in woonderfullgood health. This is alfo dsunke againft poyfons and peftilent feuers, and it is not vnpleafant in the drinking: when the firft water is almoft fpenr,the veltell is againe filled vp with frefh. The (moke of the leaues and wood driueth away ferpents^and allinfe&ion and corruption of the aire,which bringthe plague, orfuchlikeconragiousdifeafes: the iuiccof theleauesis laideon with wine,and alio drunke againft the bitings of the viper. The allies of the burned barke, being applied with water, taketh away feurffe and filth of the skinne. The powder of the woode being inwardly takcn,is pernicious and deadly, as D/oficrides vulgar copies do aftirme; but the true copies vtterly deny it,neither do any of the old writers affirme it. The fume or fmokeof the gum doth ftayflegmatike humours thatdiftill outof the head, and ftoppeth the rheume: the gum concocftcth rawe and flegmatike humours that fticke in the ftomack and guts,if the fame be inwardly taken ,and alfo drunke. Ir killeth al maner of worms in the belly ,it ftaieth the menfes,and hemorrhoides:it is commended alfo againft fpitting ofbloud; it drieth hollow vlcers,and filleth them with flefh,ifit be call theron .* being mixed with oile of Roles,it healeth chops in the hands and feete. There is made of this & of oile of Linefeed,mixed togither,a liquor called Vernifh, which is vied to bcautific pi&urcs, and painted tables with, and to make iron glifter, &: to defend it from the ruft. Of the prichly Cedar, or Cedar juniper. Cbap.j^. Vv Thekindcs. T He prickly Cedar tree is like to Iuniper, and is called the Imallor little Cedar, for difference from the great and tall Cedar, which bringeth Cones; and of this there are £wokinds 5 as The*' phrajltu and Pliny do teftifie,that is to lay,one of Lvcia,and another crimlon. •& T he defeription. 1 , 'T I He Crimfon or prickly Cedar, leemeth to be very like to the Iuniper tree, in bodieand I boughespvhicb are writhed,knottie,and parted into veiy many wingsahefubftanceofthe wood is red , and fweete of fmell like that of the Cypres; the tree is couered ouer with a rugged barke: the leaues be narrow and fharpe pointed, harder then thofe of Iuniper, fiiarper, andmore pricking,and funding thinner vpon the branches: the fruit or berrie is fomtimes as bigge as a hafeli nut,or as Theophrafcw faith,of the bignes of Myrtle berries, and being ripe it is of a red difh yellow,or crimfon colour, fweete of fmcll, andlo pleafantin tafte, as euen the countrey men now and then do eate of the fame with bread. 2 The other lowe Cedar which groweth in Lycia, is not fo high as the former, hailing likewife a writhed body as big as a mansafme , full of boughes; the barke is rough, yellowilh yvithout, and red within: the leaues ftand thicker,like at the firft to thofe of Iuniper ,but yet fomevyhat flior- £er,and in the thirds or fourth ycerc thicker,long,and rounde withall, camming necre to the leaues of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. upi of the Cypres tree,or of the fecond Sauine,that is, blunt & not pricking at all, which being brufcd between the fingers do yceld a very pleafant fmell: fo doth one & the felfe fame plant bring foorth below fharpeand prickly leaues, and abouethicke and bluntones, as that notable learned Herba- rift Clufuis hath mod diligently obferued.-the fruite or berrie hCerof is round like that of Iuniper, of colour yellow when it is ripe 3 inclining to a redjin cafte fomwhat bitter,but fweete of fmell. I Oxyccdrns Phoenicia. Crimlon or prickly Cedar. 2 Oxycedrui Lycia. Rough Cedar of Lycia. #7 he place. The prickly Cedar with the crimfon coIour,commeth vp higher and grearer in ccrtaine places of Italy, Spaine, and Alia, and in other countries .-for that which grGweth on mount Garganusin Apulia is much higher, and broader then thofe that grow elfewhere,and bringeth foorth greater berries,of the bignes ofan Halell Nut,and fweeter,as that mod diligent writer Bclloniut reporteths C. Clufiu* fheweth that the prickly Cedar and the Iuniper tree be of fo great a growth in diuers pla¬ ces of Spaine which he hath obferued,as that the body of them is as thicke as a man. The Lycian Cedar is found in Frouence ofFrance,notfarrefrom Maffilia,and groweth in a great part of Greece,in Illyricum and Epirum. •k The time. Both of them are alwaies greenc,and in winter alfo full of fruite,by reafon that they continually bring foorth berries,as when the old do fall new come in their places $ in the fpring gro^e vp newe buds,and beginnings of berries jin Autumne they waxe ripe the fecond yeere, as do the berries of Iuniper, k The names. They are called in Latine Minorts, and Humiles Cedri , little and lowe Cedars, for difference from the tall and great Cedar which bcareth Cones. The former is named in Greek and Ktf&f yoivix.n : in Latin Oxycedrtu&n&Cedrits Punic a'iri EnglifhPrickly Cedar ; and Crimlon Cedar; ^//wefurnameth it phoeniceapi the crimlon colour of Hhhh 2 sh<s ups THE THIRD EOOKE OF THE the fruit: the Spaniards call this alfo Enebro,as Clufm teftifieth, euen by the fame name which they giuetothe Iuniper, wherein likewife they are thought to imitate diners of the olde writers, who haue not by names diftinguifhed the hamper from the Cedar, buthaue, as Thcophraftu* writeth, called them Cedros, Cedar trees, yet Cedar with an addition or pricklie Cedar. The other with the blunt leafe is named by Theophrajlus mW : of Plmie alfo Lycia CedrurAn Prouence of Fraunce Morueinc : diners name this Sabina, and vfe it in ftead of Sauine, which they want, as the Apothecaries of Epiduurus , and in diners cities of Greece, and alfo in IUyricum and Epirum,as Bellonius teftifieth .Some would haue it to be ^SThya *,but Thya according to Theophra- jlr-ts is like not onely in body, leaues and boughes, but in fruit alfo to the Cyprefle tree: but the fruit of this is nothing like to the Cyprefle cones. The fruit of this Cedar is named by Theophraflus Cedrti: notwithstanding Cedrus, ashe himfetfe doth alfo teftifie ( Ga&a nameth it Credula ) is a certaine little fhrub which neuer groweth to a tree. The gum or liquor, which iflueth foorth of the prickly Cedar, is alfo called Ternix, and is fold in fleede thereof. Ac The temperature and vertues, A The little Cedar, as Galen writeth, is hot and drie in a maner in the third degree; the matter or fubftance thereof is fweete of fmell like that of Iuniper, andisvfedfor perfumes and odoriferous fmels togither with the leaues. B The berries or fruit of the lowe Cedar haue the faculties not foftrong, as the fame author tefti- fiethjin fo much as that they may alfo be eaten,yet if they be taken too plentifully they caule head- ach,and breede heate and gnawings in the ftomacke, Yet there is a difference betweene thefe two Cedar berries 5 for the crimfon ones are not fo hot and drie, by reafon they are fweeter and plea- fantertothe tafte, and therefore they are better to be eaten, and doe alfo yeelde vntothebodiea kindeof nounfhment: but the berries of thatof Lycia are biting, hotter and drier alfo than rhofe ofluniper, fromwhich they differ efpeciallyin the biting qualities they bring nonourifhmentat all; and though a man eate neuer fo few of them,he fhall feele gnawings in his ftomacke,and paine in his head. C The peafants do feede thereon, rather to fatisfie their hunger than for any delight they haue in the tafte, or the phificall vertues thereof; albeit they be good againfjl the ftrangurie, andproucke vrine. OfSauin . Chap. ^6. ‘A The kindes. T Herebetwokindesof Sauin, one like in leafeto Tamariskej the other to the Cyprefle tree, whereof the one beareth berries,the other barren. 3? The description. I He firft Sauin,which is the common kinde and beft ofall knowen in this countrie,groweth I in manner of a lowe fhrub or treerthe ftem or trunke whereofis fometimes as big as a mans arme,diuidingit fclfe into-many branches, fet full offmall leaues like vnto Cyprefle or Ta- mariske, but thicker, and more fharpe or prickly, remaining greenc winter and fommer: in fmell ranke or very ftrong,barraine both of flowers and fruit. 2 The other Sauin is an high tree, as Bellonim faith, as tall as the Almond tree, and much like to the tame Cyprefle treeythe bodie is writhed, thicke, and of fo great a compafle as that it cannot be fathomed y the fubftance of the wood is red within as is that of the Iuniper and of theprickley Ce¬ dar i the barke is not very thicke, and it is of a yellowifh red: the leaues are of a maruellous gallant greene colour, like tothofe of the Cyprefle tree, yet thicker or more in number; in tafte bitter,of a tpicie (meihand like Rofin: the boughes are broader and thicke fet as it were with wings, like thofe of the Pitch tree, and of the Yew tree; on which growe a great number of berries, very round like thofe of the little Cedars, which at the firft are greene, but when they be ripe they are of a blackifh Men O ;t oftheeoQte hereof iffueth oftentimes arofin, which being hard is like to thatof the looiper t?.ce,and deth alfo crumble in the chewing. I Sabina I I HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 11P3 I Sabina,(lerilis. Barren Sauin. 2 Sabina B^ccifera. Sauin bearing berries. •fe The f lace. Bothofthem grow vpon hils,in woods,and in other like vntoiled places,as in Candy jMyfhijand clle where. P. Bellonim reporteth that he found them both vpon the tops of the mountames Taurus, Amaniis,ar,d Olympus. * The firft is planted in our Englifh gardens almoft euery where: the fecond is planted borh by the feede,and by die flip: the flippes mutt be fet in a ground that is meanly moift and fhadowy,ti!l they take root: the fhrubs which grow ol thefe, decline towards the one fide, retaining fill die nature of the boughzbut that Sauine which is planted by the feed groweth more vpright; this in continuance of time bringethfoorth feeds,and die other for the molt part remainethbarren.-both.thefe grow in my garden. The t ime. They both continue alwaies greene: the one is found to be loden with ripe finite, commonly in winter ,but it hath fruite at all times,for before the olde berries fall,new are come vp. ieThena'nes. Sauine is called in Greeke Bga^^or B£~0 v : in Latine Sabina. The firft is commonly called in the Apothecaries fhops by the name Sauina,of diuers Sauimera, the Italians and Spaniards keepe the Latine name: it is called in high Dutch fiaUttl i in low Dutch bOOltt t in French Sauenier: in Englifh Sauine .common or garden Sauine. Some name the other Cupre[p*sCretica, or Cypres ofCandie,as Pliny faith,who in his i2.booke i7.chapter,maketh mention of a tree called Brut a'A ome there are who take this to be altera Sabi¬ na,01 the fecond Sauin,and to be read Brut a .for BpciQu, Brathu by altering of the vowels. For it is de- feribed by Pliny in his 1 a.hooke 17. chapter to be like the Cypres tree in thefe words; they feeke in the mountaines Eltmai the tree Bruta being like to the broade Cypres tree,hailing white boughes, ycelding a fiveete fmell when it is let on fire: whereof mention is made,with a myracle in the fiories of Claudius Cafxr. It is reported thatthe Parthians do vfe the leaues in potions: that thefmcll is ve- rie like to that of the Cypres tree, and that the fmoke thereof is a remedie againft other woods. It groweth beyond Pafitigris, neere vnto the towne Sittaca,on mount Zagrus: 1 husfarre Plinte. Hhhh 3 The 1194- ' the third BOOKS OF: the The mountains* Elim.it are defcribed by Strabo in the countrey of the ATyrians next after the mountaine Sagrus aboue the Babylonians,by Ptolemam not far from the Perfian gulfe: therefore it ss hard to fay that Britt a is Sabina alter apt the feconde Sauine, feeing that fo great a diftance of the place may vndoubtedlycauie a difference, and that it is not largely but briefely defcnbed. It fee- metb that 7 bya mentioned by T beopbraliut is more like vnto Sauine: but yet for as much as Thy a is like in fruite to the Cypres tree, and not to the fruite or berries of the little Cedarsit is:alfe> verie inanifeft,that the fecond Sauine is not 7 bya ; neither Fit harbor, lb called of the later Herbarifhsjit is like wife named Sabina genuinabacSiifera^ atroc&nilea, that is the kindly Sauine thaibearethber. lies ofablackifh blew colour. . P The temperature. The Ieaues of Sauine which are moft vfed in medicine,are hot and dry in the third degree.and of fubtiil parts as Galen faith. kEbcvertues. \ The Ieaues o! Sauineboiled in wine and drunke, prouoketh vrine, bringethaownethe menfes with force,it draweth away the afterbirth, expelleth the dead childe, and killeth the quicke: it hath the like vertue receiued vnder in a perfume. The Ieaues ftamped with honyand applied, cure vlcers, (lay fpreading and creeping vipers, fcoure and take away all fpots and freckles from the face or body of man or woman. The Ieaues boiled in oile Oiiue, and kept therein, killeth the wormes in children if you annoint their bellies there with;and the Ieaues powdefcd,and giuen in milke or rnufcadell doth the fame. The Ieaues dried and beaten into fine powder,and ftrowed vpon thole kinds ofexcrefcences,,^ prxputio galled Caroles,and fiuch like,gotten by dealing with vnelean women, take them away per- fedfly^ curing and healing the fame: but if they be inueterate and olde, and haucbeenc much tam¬ pered withall,ir fhall be necefiary to adde vnto the fame a fin a II quantitie of Auripigmentum in fine powder, and vfe it with difcretion,bicaufe the force of the medicine is greatly increafed therby and made more corrofiue. Of Tamaris^e. Chap.^j. I Tamarifcm T^arbonenji;, 2 Tamarifem Germanica* French Tamanske. Germaine Tamariske. i s ?5, HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ’ / ' s • 1 ff. ihe description. 1 npHe firftkindc ofTamariske groweth like a fmall hedge tree, couered with a reddifh barke 3 I hauing many branches fee and bedeckt with leaues, much like vr.to Heath : among A which come foorth (mall moffie white dowers declining to purple,which turtle into a pap- pous or downie feede, that dieth away with the winders that of Willow is: the roote is woodie as the rootes of other fhrubs be,and groweth diuer$ waies. 2 The Germaine Tamariske hath many woodie branches or fhootes rifing from the roote, with a white barke,hauinghis leaues thicker and grofTer then the former,and notfo finely lagged or cut: The dowers are white,and not vnlike the former, which do ttirne into feeds, that is likewife caricd away with the winde. -frlhe place. Tamariske groweth by running drcames,and many times by ritiers thatbreake foorth , and not feldome about fenny grounds, commonly in a grauely foilc,for it bed profpereth in moid and ftony places: it is found in Germany,Vindehcia,Italy,Spaine,and alfo in Greece. The Tamariskes do alfo grow in Egypt and Syria,as Diofiorides writeth, and likewife in Tylus an Hand in Arabia, as Theophrafus noteth: thewoode whereof faith he, isnotweake as with vs in Greece, but drong like TeWcy,or timber,or any other drong thing: this Tamariske Diofcorides doth call that is to fay, tamc,or planted; and faith that it bringeth foorth fruite very like to Gais,in tade rough and binding. y Petrus Bcllonim in his fecond booke of Singularities reporteth, that he fawe in Egypt verie high Tamariskes and great like other trees,and that fometimes in moid places by ritiers fides,and manic times alfo in dry and grauely grounds where no other trees did grow, which now 5 c then did beare hanging on the boughesfuch a ’multitude of Gals, that the inhabitants call Cherrnsfcl, as being ouerioden,they were ready to breakerthey both grow and profper well in my garden. ic The time. Thcfe trees or fhrubs' doflower in Maie,and in the later end of Augud,their feede is caried away with the winde. •h The names. They are called in G reeke yvvm : and in Latine a) fo Aiyrha, and Tamarix : in Chops Tamarifeus: of OElauius Hor at i anus <JMttrica\ Diofcorides rnaketh that which groweth in Greece and Italy to be or wilde Tamariske: it is named in high Dutch and X in low Dutch TbCnfiOOUb % aniavtfcfjbo 0 HT C ♦ in Italian Tamarigio :in Spanifh T'amargueira-, and T‘ amariz ; • in* French Tamaris: inEnglifhTamariske. & The temperature and vertnes. Tamariske hath a c lenfing and cuttingfacultie with a manifed drying;it is alfo fomewhat adrin- ^ I gent or binding,and by reafon of thefe qualities it is very good for an harde fpleene, being boyled with vinegcr or wine,either the roote or leaues,or tender branches,as Galen writeth. Moreover Diofcorides teacheth,that the decoction of the leaues made with wine, doth wade the j-> fpleene,and that the fame is goodagaind the toothach,if the mouth be wafhed therewith: that it bringeth downe the menfes,if the patient fit therein; that it killeth lice and nits, if the parts be ba¬ thed therewith. The afhes of burnt Tamariske hath a drying facultie, and greatly feouringwithall, and a little q binding. The flowers &downie feed of the greater Tamariske doth greatly binde,infomuch as it commetb rj very neere to the Gall,named Galla Ornphacitisfmt that the roughnes of tade is more euident in the Gall,the which flowers are ofanvnequall temperature, for there isioined to the nature thereof a great thinnes ofparts,and clenfing facultie,which the Gall hath not, as Galen writeth. Thefe flowers we fitly vfe faith Diofcorides , in deedeof Gall,in medicines for the eies and mouth, g Itisgoodtodanch b!oud,and to ftaie thelaskeand womens whites, it heJpeth the yellow iaun- dife,and alfo cureth thofe that are bit of the venemous fpider called Phalangium^ the barkc ferueth for the fame purpofes. The leaues and woode ofTamariske haue great power and vertue againd the hardnes and dop- p ping of the fpleene,cfpecially the leaues being boiled in vvater,and the deco&ion drunke, or elfe in¬ filled in a fmall vedell of Ale or Beere,and continually drunke: and ifit be drunke foorth of a cup or difh made of the woode or timber of Tamaiiske,it is of greater eflicacie, Hhhh 4 Of Sip6 THE THIRD ROOKE OF THE Of Heath ^Hather^or Linge. Chap./f!> t & jhekindes. ""p Here be diuers forts of Heath,fome greater, others letter; fome with broad Ieaues, andfomc narrower: fome bringingfoorth berries,and others nothing but flowers. I Erica vufcaris pue Pwnila. 2 Erica Pumila alba. ‘•■V 7 he defeription, 1 / ~P He common Heath is a lowe plant, but yet woodie and fhrubbie, fearfe a cubit high: it X bringeth foorth many branches, whereupon do grow fundry little leaues fomewhat harde and rough, very like to thole of Tamariske, or the Cyprette tree: the flowers ate orderly placed alongft the branches, Anal! ,foft, and of a light red colour tending to purple. The roote is alfo woodie,and creepeth vndcr the vpper cruft of the earth: and this is the Heath which the anci¬ ents tooke to be the right and true Heath. 2 The fecond Heath diflereth not from the precedent,failing that,that this plant bringeth foorth flowers as white as fnowe,wherein confifteth the difference. 3 Ine great Heath, which Carols CInput at his being in England found in the barren grounds about VV indforc, which in his Spani'fh trauels he maketh the firft kinde; groweth to the height of two cubits, feldomc higher, full ox branches, couered with a blackifh barke: whereon are let in very good orcer by couples, /mail leaues finer than thofe of Tamariske or Cyprette, and ofa greeneco- lour. The flowers inclofe the little twiggie branches round about at certainediftanccs, from the rower part to the top fafTiioned like little bottles , confiftingof fower partes, of a filming purple colour,very beautiful to behold,and the rather to be e-fteemed bicaufe it flowreth twife in the yeerc: the roote is like wife woodie. 4 Of this kind there is another fort with white flowers,butfeldome found or feene,vnlette here $£ there a plant amongft the other fort, which flowers are fomewhat greater than the former, but in forme likepvherein the difference dothconfift. 3 Erica HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 Erica, maiorflore furfur ante Clusij. The great Heath with purple flowers. 5 Erica cruet at a. CrolTed Heath. 1191 4 Erica maior flore albo. Great Heath with white flowers. 6 Erica Pyramida'iii . Steeple Heath. *Tbe iip8 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE rkThe defer iption. 5 Crofied Heath groweth to the height of a cubit and a halfe 5 full of branches, of a (wart darke colour: whereon do growe fmall leaues, let at certaine fpaces by two vpon one fide,and two on the other,oppofite,one anfwering another,euen as do the leaucs ofCrofie woort. Theflowers in like manner (land alongft the branches Crofie fafhion, of a darke ouerworne colour. Therooteis likewife woodie,as is all the reft of the plant. 6 This Steeple Heath hath likewife many woodie branches, garnifhed with fmall leaues 5 among which come foorth diners little moflie flowers of fmall moment. The whole bufh for the moft part groweth round togither like a little cocke of hay 5 broad at the lower part, and fharpe aboue like a Pyramide or fteeple,whereofittookehis name. y Erica. tenutfoiia. Small leafed Heath. 3 Erica tenuifolia caliculata. Challice Heath. ft The defer iption. 7 This fmall or thin leafed Heath is alfo a Iowe and bale fhrub, hauing many fmall and {lender lhootes comming from the roote, of a reddifh browne colour ; whereupon do growe very many fmall leaues, notvnliketo them of common Thyme, but much ffnaller and tenderer. Theflowers growe in tufts at certaine fpaces of a purple colour. The roote is long, fingle, and of a woodie fub- ftance. 8 Challice Heath hath alfo many woody branches growing from the rootes,flender,of a reddifh browne colour,a foote and a halfe h?’gh,garnifhed with very little leaues ,lefler than thole of Tyme. Theflowers growe on the tops andvpper partes of the branches, and be in number fiue,fixeor moe,Ranging downwards,in fafhion long,hollow within like a little tunnel,or open cup or challice, ofa light purplifh colour. The roote creepethand putteth foorth indiuers places new fpringsor fhootes. * ; . / 7 Erica II 99 'MISTORIE OF PLANTS. i i Ericabaccifera latifolu. io Erica, baccifcra tenufoliei. Broad leafed Heath bearing berries. Small leafed Heath with berries, \ , . ft The defeription, broad leaues, groweth vp like a woodie lhrub,yet leaning to- the ground, nath long flexible branches trailing this way and that way: whereon a.efet: confuledly long leaues,narrow toward the ftalke,and blunt at the'end,not vniiketo the little leaues of Purflame in forme: among which pome foorth flowers which thegrauer hath omitted in the figure, and my felfe haue no certaine knowledge thereof, bicaufe I haue not feene the fame The berries are round, loft, and of a red colour when they be ripe. Therooteislong, and creepeth far vnder the vpper cruft of the earth. The thin leafed Heath that bringeth foorth berries, hath many weake and (lender branches of a reddifh colour,which trailing vpon the ground do take hold thereofin fund tie places,'whet eby it mightily increaleth.The leaues are loinwhat broad,of a thic’ke and flefhie fubftance,in tafte fom- thingdrying at the firft.but afterwardes fomewhar fharp and biting the toong: among which come foorth final! flowers of an herbie colour,, which being vaded, there fucceede fmall roundberries,, that at the firft are green,and afterward black, being as big as thofe of Iuniper; wherin is contained a purple iuice like that of the Mulbery,within thole berries are contained alfo imall three cornered grains: The roote is hard, and of a woodie fubftance. it 1 he place. Heath groweth vpon drie mountaines which arehungrie and barren, as vponHampftead heath neere London, where all the fortes do grow, except that with the white flowers, and that which bearethbenies. Heath, with the white flowers growe.th vpon the downes neete vnto Giauelend. Heath vyhfcft beareth berries groweth in the north parts of England , namely, at a place qaHed Crosbie Kaiienilwaith,and in Crag clofe alfo in the lame countrierfrom’whence I haue recemed the red berries by the gift of a learned gentleman called M after lames jhrraites. it The 12 00 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE tfr The time. Thefe kinds or forts o f Heath } do for the moft part flower all the fbmmer 3 euen vntillrhc laft of September. # The fumes. Heath is called in Greeke«p**« :inLatine al fo Erica: diuersdo falfelynamei uJMyrtca: in high and lowe Dutch ip£l t3€H X in Italian Erica : in Spanifh Brefo Quit ro ; in French Brujyre : in Englifh HcathjHatherjand Linge. 'kThe temperature. Heath hath 3 as Galen faith 3 a digefting facultie,confuming by vapors :the flowers and leaues arc to be vied. It The vertues. A The tender tops and flowers/aith DioJcoriJ.es , are good to belaidc vpon thebitings or flinging* of any venemous beaft: of rhefe flowers the Bees do gather bad hony. B The barke and leaues of Heath may be vfed for 5 and in the fame caufes that Taraariske is vfed. Of Heath of ferico. Chap.^y. 3 Ro(k Hiericentea mat or. 2 Rofa HiericonteaJiccatt. The Heath Rofcoflerico. 1 heHeath Role oflerico dried. The dejeription. I His kinde of Heath which of the later writers hath been called by the name Roft Hiericon* I tea , the coiner fpoiled the name in the mintc 3 for of all plants that hath becne written of, there is not any more vnlike vnto the Rofe 3 or any kinds thereof then this plant: what ~ mooued HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1101 niooued them thereto I knowe not: but thus much ofmyowne knowledge, it hath neither fhape, nature,nor facultie agreeing with any Role $ the which doubtlefle is a kindc of Heath, as the barren foile,and that among Heath doth euidently fhewe,as alio the Heathie matter wherwith the whole plant is poffefled, agreeing with the kinds of Heath in very notable points. Itrifeth vpoutof the ground ofthe height of fower inches,or an hand breadth, compa&ormadeof {undry hard flicks, (which are the ftalkes)clafping or (hutting it felfe togither into a round forme, intricately weauing it felfe one fticke ouerthwart another, like a little net: vpon which vvoodie ftickes do groweleaues notvnlikctothofeof the Oliue tree, which maketh the whole plant of a round forme,and hollowe within; among the leaues on the infide grow fmall moflie flowers,of a whitifh herbie colour,which turne into little feede, like the feede of Rocket, butleffer: the whole plant is of the fubftaunce of Heath,and woodie. 2 The fecond figure fetteth foorth the dried plant,as it is brought vnto vs from beyond the Teas, which being fet into a difh ofwarme water,for halfe an hower,it openeth it felfe in forme, as when it did growe, and taken foorth vntill it be dry,returneth fhut vp agair.e,as before. it The place. It groweth in the barren grounds of France,and other hot regions, among the Heath and fuch like plants :it is aftrangerin England, yet dried wehauethem in great plenty. it The time. The feede being fowen in our colde climate, is fowen in Aprill j it perifheth when it is (prong vp,and bringeth neither flowers nor feede. it The names. This kinde ofHeath is called Rofa Hiericontea , or Hicricho , the Rofe of Ierico,of fome the Rofe: cflerufalem,and alfo Rofa Man a : in Englifh the Heath Rofe. it 7 he temperature and vertues. There is not any of the ancient nor later writers, that haue fet'down any ccrtaintie of this plant, as touching the temperature and faculties,but onely a bare pi&ure with a (lender defeription. Of the fhafte tree . Chap. 5 o. Vit ex,fiue Caftus. The Chafte tree. it The defeription . Itexpx. the Chafte tree,groweth after the ma- nerof a bufhie fhrub or hedge tree, hauing manie twiggy branches,very pliant,& eafie to be bent without breaking,like vnto the Willow: the leaues are for the moft diuided into fiue or feauen fedtions or diuifions, much like the leaues o( Hemp, whereof each part is long and narrow,very like vnto the Willow leafe, but (mailer: the flowers do grow at the vppermoft parts of the branches, like vnto fpikie cares, cluftering togither about the branches, after the fafhionof Mathiolm his Lilac ,of a light blew colour, and very fweete ftne-11: the fruite is final and rounde,Iike vnto thegrainesorcornes of Pep¬ per. it 7 he place. Vitex groweth naturally in Italy,and other hot re¬ gions, by water courfes and running ftreams;! haue it growing in my garden. it The time. Vitex beginneth to recouer his laft leaues in Maie, and the flowers come foorth in Auguft. it The names. The Grecians call this flirub ^w,and K>y>e. bi- caufe faith Phnie in his 24. booke ^.chapter,the ma- trones Thefmophorijs ^Mthentenfum , defirous to keepe themfelues chafte do laie the leaues in their beddes vnder them 5 the Latines name it Vitex , i and ££ 02 . THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE and of diners it is termed as we finde among the baftard and counterffet names ayum : in Latine Sa . hx marim ,oi Saltx Amermapnd Piper t^dgrejle: in high Dutch ^CljaifUlUflC 3 E>.CUfCf}bfltltt 1 : in low Ducchjand allb of the Apothecaries .Agnus cafhts ;the Italians Vit ice, Agnocafio: in Spanifh ■Gatt/iocafto: in Englifh Chafte Tree, Hempe Tree,and of diuers ^Agnus cajlue. The temperature. The leaues and fruite of Agnus cajlus are hot and dry in the third degree: they are of very thinn* parts,and wade or confume winde. The venues. A i^fgnmeaftm is a lingular medicine and remedic for fuch as woulde willingly line chafte, for it withftandeth all vncleannes,or defirc to the flefh,confuming and drying vp the feede of generati¬ on,in what fort foeuer it be taken,whether in powder onIy,or the deco&ion drunke,or whether the leaues be caried about the body; for which caufe it was called Cafitts , that is, chafte, cleane, and pure. B The feede o fAgnus caftus drunken, driueth away and dilfolueth all windinefte of theftomackc, openeth and cureth the ftoppings of the liuer and Ipleene ; and in the beginning of dropfies, it is good to be drunke in wine in the quantitie of a dram. C The leaues damped with butter, diflolue and allwage the fivellings of the genitories and cods, being applied thereto. I> The deco&ion of the herbe and feede is good againft paine and inflammations about thema- trix,if women becauledto lit and bathe their priuy parts therein: the feed being drunk with Penny- roial bringeth downe the menfes,as it doth alfo both in a fume and in a peflary: in a Pultis it cureth the headach, the phrenetike ,and thofe that haue the Lethargie are woont to be bathed hecrewith, oile and vineger being added thereto. E The leaues vfed in a fume,and allb ftrowed, driue away lerpents;and being laidc on do curcthcij bitings. F The feede laidc on with water doth heale the clifts or rifts of the fundament 5 with the leaues it is a remedie for lims out of ioint,and for woundes. G It is reported that if fuch as iourney or trauell do carry with them a branch or rod of Agnus cm* Jhts in their hand,it will keepe them from merry gals,and wearines: Diofcorides. Ofthe Willovpe Tree. Cbap.ji . & Thekinies. HpHcrebe diuers forts of Willowes conteined vnder fundiy titles:the Oziar,the Sallow,theRole ■** Willow, the common Withie,and theDwarlfe Willow,or Withie. 'kThe defeription. 1 r T" f He common Willow is an high tree,with a body ofa meane thicknes,and rileth vp as high 1 as other trees do ifit be not topped in the beginning,foone after it is planted;the bark ther- of is Irnooth, tough, and flexible; the woode is white,tough, and hard to be broken: the leaues are long,lefter, and narrower then thole of the Peach tree;, lomewhatgiceneon the vpper fideandllipperie,andonthcneather fide lofter and whiter: theboughesbecouered either with a purple or clfe with a white barkejthe catkins which the grauer in the figure hath cmitted,comefirft of all foorth, being long and molfic,and quickly turne into white and foft down, that is caried away with the winde. 2 The lefter bringeth foorth of the head which ftandeth lomewhat out, {lender warfdes or twigs, with a reddifn or greenebarke,good to make baskets and fuch like workes of; it is planted by the twigs or rods being thruft into the earth,the vpper part whereof when they are growen vp, is cut off,fo that which is called the head increaleth vnder them, from whence the flender twigs do grow, which being oftentimes cut,the head waxeth greater; many times alfo the long rods or wandes of the higher W ithy trees be lopped off and thruft into the ground for plants ,but deeper and abouc a mans height; of which do grow great rods,profitable for many things, and commonly for bandes, wherewith tubs and casks are bound, 1 Salix HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I2CJ I Sxlix. The common Willow. 2 S&Hx aquatica. The Oziarpr water Willow. k 7 he 1204 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it The defeription, 3 The Sallowe tree or Goates Willow,groweth to a tree of a meane bignes:the trnnfce or body is fott and hollow timber,couered with a whitilli rough barke: the branches are fet with leaues fome- what rough,greene aboue, and hoarie vnderneath $ among which come foorth rounde catkinsor' aglets thatturne into downe,which is caried away with the winde, 4 This other Sallowe tree diflfereth not from the precedent, but in this one point, (that is to fay) the leaues are greater,and euery part of the tree. Wherein is the difference. 3 ' 7 5 Salix Rofex^Anglica. i he Englifh Role W illow. The defeription. 5 The Rofe Willow groweth vp Iikewife to the height andbignefleof afhrubbie tree 5 the body whereof iscouered with a fcabbed rough barke; the branches are many, whereupon do growe very many twigs of a reddifli colour, gar- nifhed with final long leaues, fomwhat whitilh: among which come foorth little flowers, or ra¬ ther a multiplication of leaues, ioined togither in forme of a Rofe , of a greeniflh white colour which do not onely make a gallant fhewe, but alfb yeelde a molt cooling airein theheateof fommer, being fet vp in houfes, for the decking of the lame. 6 I he lowe or bafe Willowe, groweth but Iowe,and leaneth weakly vpon the grounde, ha¬ iling many fmall and narrowe leaues, fet vpon limmerand pliant branches, of adarkeor bla- kifli greene colour: among which come foorth long (lender ftems full of moflie flowers , which turne into alight downie fubflance, that flie:h away with the winde. 7 The Dwarffe Willow hath very fmall and Render braunches , feldome times aboue a foote, butneueracubitehigh, coucred witha duskifh bark, with very little and narrow leaues, of a greene colour aboue and on the vpperfide, but vnderneth of an hoarie orouerworne gree- nifli colour, in bignes and fafhion of the leaues of garden Flaxe; among which come foorth lit¬ tle duskifh flowers, which do turne into downe that is caried away with the winde: the rooteis fmall and threddie, of the big'nefleof a finger, and of a blackifh colour. ' There is anotherkindeofWillow like vnto the former, anddilfereth from it in that, that the leaues of this kindeare fmaller and narrower, as bigge as the leaues ofthe great Myrtill, hailing fmall knobbie flowers of a duskifh colour, which turne into downe that flieth away with the winde: the rooteis fmall and limber,not growing deepe 5 but running along vpon the vpper face of the earth e HISTORIE 6 Salix humilis. The lovvc Willow. of:plants. 1205* 2 chamaitea,fmefalixfttmila. The Dvvarffe Willow. $•7he place. Thefc Willowes growe in diuers places of England; the Role Willow growcth plentifully In Caw bridge (hire, by the riuers and ditches therein Cambridgetownc they growe aboundantly about the places called Paradife,and Hell mouth, in the way from Cambridge to Graunchefter; I found the dwarfFe Willowes growing neere to a boggeor marrifh groundc 3 at the further end of Kampfleed heath vpon the declining of the hill, in the ditch that inclofetha fmall cottage there, not haife a furlong from the laide houfe or cottage. ^ The time. The Willowes do flower at the beginning of the Spring. •fr The names. The Willow tree is called in Greeke mV. in Latine £4//*: in high Dutch QtHtipfcER ♦ in Iowe Dutch CTiigcn: in Italian Salice,Salcio’. in French Satix : in Spanifh Salgueiro , Sa.lz.er, and Sauz,: in EnglilTi Sallow,Withie,and VVillow. The greater is called in Latine Salixperticalu- common Withy, Willow, or Sallow, efpecially that which being often lopped fendetH out from one head many boughes: the kinds hecreof with the red barke is called of 7 bcophraflus blacke Withie ,and the other,white: Plinic calieth tire b’a. k Graca, or Greeke Withie, the red being the Greeke Withy, faith he , is eafle to be cleft 5and the whiter Amerina . 7 heopbrnji us wiitethfhat the Arcadians do call the leflcr !*./*»,not 17&: plinie alfo nameth this Hclice: both of them do make this to be Saliciitertia Jjectes , the third kinde of Sallow : the fame is likewile called in Latine Sahxpumila, Salix viminalis . Gallied Salix and by Columella Sabina, which he faith,that many do terme merino, : in high Dutch iftfepU ♦ in low Dutch in Englifh Oiier,lmail W ithie,Twigge Withie .* Petrie Crefcentim nameth it Vincus. 1 4* The temper ature. The leaues,flowers, feede, and barke of Willowes, are cold and dry in the fecond degree, and aftringent. .*», . •V* The Iiii r 1&o5 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE kThe vertuesi, A The leaues and barke ofWithie or Willowes do ftay the (pitting of bloud, and all other fluxe of bloud whatfbeuer,in man or woman, if the faide leaues and barke be boiled in wine and drunke. B The greene boughes with the leaues may very well be brought into chambers^and fet about the beds of thofe that be ficke of agues: for they do mightily coolc the heate of the aire, which thing is a woonderfull refrefhing to the ficke patients. C Thebarkeshaue like vertues \DiofcorUes writethjthatthefebeingburnttoafhes.andfleepedin vine gar,take away cornes and other like rifings in the feete and toes: diuexs faith Galen,<\ o flit the barke whiles the Withie is in ttowring,and gather a certain iuice, with which they vfe to take away things that hinder the fight 5 and this is when they are conftrained to vfe a clenfmg medicine, of thinne and fubtil! parts. Of the Oliue tree . Chap.jz. k The kindes. 4 There be two forts of Oliue trees^the tame and the wilde. I Oleafatiua. ~ 2 Ole a fylacjirw. The manured Oliue tree. The wilde Oliue tree. k The defer iftioit. j p| c fame or manured Oliue trce,groweth high and great,with many branches, full of long narrow leaues, not much vnlike the leaues of Willowes, but narrower and finaller.- the flowers be white and very frnall, growing vpon duffers or bunches: the fruite is long and EOtindjwherein is an hard ifoneifrom which fruite is prefied that liquor which we call oile Oliue. 2 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1207 2 The wilde Oliue is like vnto the tame or garden Oliue tree, failing that the Ieaues are (bme- what fmaller,among which grow many prickly thornes: the fruite heereof isleffer then of the for- mer 5 and mo in number, which doth feldome come to maturitie or ripenes, infomuch that the oile which is made of thole berries,continucth euer greene, and is called oile Omphacine , or oile of vn- ripeOliucs. is 7 be place. Both the tame and the wilde Oliue trees grow in very many places of Italy, France, and Spaine, and alfo in the Hands adioining: they are reported to ioue the fea coaftsjfor mod do thinke as Coltt- melk writcth,that aboue do.miles from the fea,they either drie, orelfe bring foorth no fruite: but the beft and they that do yceld the moft pleafant oile, are thofe that grow in the He called Candy. it The time. , All the Oliue trees flower inthemoneth of lime: the fruite is gathered in Nouember or De¬ cember: when they be a little dried & begin to wrinkle,they are put into the prefle,and out or them is fquized oile,with water added in the prefling: the Oliues which are to be preferued in fait and pickle,muit be gathered before they be ripe,and whiled they are greene. ■is The names. The tame or garden Oliue tree is called in Greeke e’a eda, and i\c.Un ( ^ci in Latine Oka fat/ua, zndrrbana : in high Dutch dDclfcauttl ♦ in lowe Dutch in Italian Glmo dome jiao: in French Oliuier: in Spanith Ohuo and Oliuera: in Englifh Oliue tree. The berrie is called Ouua: in Greeke alfo eW*:in Spanifli x^ 4 z>cytuna • in French,Dutch and En- glifh Oliue. Oliues preferued in brine or pickle are called Colymbad.es. The wilde Oliue tree is named in Greeke A•. in Latine Oka Jyluejlris^ OleaflcryCotinue, Oka AEthiopica: in Dutch Uiditi : in Italian Ohito faluat’co : in Spanilli ylz.ebuche , cAz&m- bulheyro : in French Oliuierfauuxge: in Englifh wilde Oliue tree. is The temper at ure and vertuesi The Oliues which be fo ripe,as that either they fall off themfelues, or be ready to fall (which are A named in Greek •flfvmnic,') be moderately hot and moift,yet being eaten they yeelde to the body little nourifhment. The vnripc Oliues are dry and binding. Thofe that are preferued in pickle, called tolymbades, do dry vp theouermuchmoiflureofthe ftomacke,they remooue the lothing ofmeatq, ftirre vp an appetite; but there is no nourifhment at all that is to he lookedfor in them,much ieffe good nourifhment. The branches,Ieaues,and render buds of the Oliue trees do coole,dry, and binde, and cfpccially D of the wilde Oliue: for they be of greater force then thofe of the tame , therefore by rcafon they be milder,they are better for eie medicines,which haue need of binding tilings to be mixed with them. The fame doe daie Saint Anthonies fire, the fl tingles, epiny&ides, night wheales, carbuncles, E and eating vlcers:being la^id oh with bony .they take awav efchares,clenfe foule and fiithie vicers quench theheate of hot fwel]ing$,andbe good for kernels intheflariksitheyhcaleand skin wounds in the head,and being chewed they are a remedy for vlcers in the mouth. The iuice and deco&ion alfo are of the fame effeft :the iuice doth ouer and befides flaie allma- F ner of bleedings,and alfo the whites. The iuice is prefied foorth ofthe ftamped Ieaues,with wine added thereto ( which is better) or G with water,and being dried in the funne it is made vp into little cakes like perfumes. The fweate or Oile which ifluethfoorth of thewoode whilelt it is in burning, Healeth tetters, H fcurfs,and fcabs,if they be annoinced therewith. 1 he fame which is preffed foorth from the vnripe Oliues,is as coideas if is binding. The old oile which is made of fweet and ripe oliues being kept long, cloth withal! become hotter and is of greater force to digcfl and wafte away; and that oile which was made of the vnripe Oiit «: beingolde, doth as yet retain^ forne part of his former aftri&ion, and is of a mixt facultic , that is t fay,partly binding,and partly digefHng;for h hath got this digeftihg or con (timing faculcie by ag< and the other propertie of binding,ofliis owns nature. The bile efripe Oliues mollified! and aflwagech paine, diflolueth tumours or dwellings,is good L for the fbfFeneffe ofthe ib'ints, and againft crampes, efpecially being mingled according ro Am with good andwholefome herbes, appropriate vnto thofe difeafes and griefes, as flyer icon , Iiii 2 . Canmiomiif, pcO uo? THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE CammomiII,Dill,Lillies,Rofes, andmany others, which dofortifieand increafe hisvertues. jyj The oile ofvnripe Oliues, called Omphacinum Oleum , doth flay and driue away the beginning of tumours 3 and infiammations,cooling the heate of burning vlcers,and exulcerations. Of c Priuetfr c Prim Trint . Chap, 53 . n. Pnuet, or Prim Print. Lizuflrim. it 7 he defription. P Riuet is a fhrub growing like an hedge tree: the branches and twigs wherof be ftraight, andcouered with foft gliftering leaues of a deep green color, like thofe of Peruincle, but yet longer, greater alfo then the leaues of the Oliue tree: the flowers be white, fweete of fmell, verie little, growing in cluflers : which being vaded, there lucceede cluflers of berries, at the firft greene,and when they be ripe blacke,like a little clufter of grapes, which yeelde a crimfon purple iuice:the roote groweth euery way aflope. • # T he place. The common Priuet groweth naturally in eue¬ ry woode,and hedge rowes of our London gar¬ dens : it is not founde in the countrey of Polo- nia,and other parts adiacent. it The time. It flowreth in the end of Maie, or in lime: the berries are ripe in Autumne and about winter, which nowe and then continue all the winter long,but in the meanetime the leaues fall awaie, and in the fpring newe come vp in their places. it The names. It is called inLatine Ltgujlrumi in Italian at this day Guifrtco, by a corrupt wordc cravvnc from Liguflrum : it is the Grecians and in no wife W®m:for Cyprus is a fhrub that groweth naturally in the eaft,and Priuet in the weft. They be very like one vnto another,as the deferiptions do deciarc,butyetin this they differ,as witnefieth Bellonim , bicaufe the leaues of Priuet do fall away in winter, and the leaues of Cyprus are alwaies greene: moreouer the leaues of Cyprus do make the haire red as Diofondes faith , and as Bellcmm rcporteth,do giue a yellow colour ;b ut the leaues of Priuet haue no vie at all in dying. And there¬ fore Vlmie in his 24.booke i o. chap .was deceiued in that he judged Priuet to be the felfe fame tree, which Cyprus is in the Eaft; which thing notwithftanding he did not write as he himfejfe thought, but as other men fuppofe: for in his 12,booke I 4 .chap. he writeth thus: Some faith he affirme this, (chat is to fay Cy r rus)to be that tree which is called in Italy Liguflrum ; and that Ligttflrurn or Pri¬ uet, is that plant which the Grecians call <?Wps*, the defeription doth declare. Phillyreaf aith D to for ides- a tree like in bignes to Cyprus, with leaues blacker and broader 1 then thofe of the Oliue tree.-it hath fruite like to that of the mafticke tree,blacke,fomething fweete,(lan¬ ding in cluflers,and fuch a tree for all the worlds is Priuet; as we haue before declared. Scrap to the Arabian doth call Priuet in his ^.cMptcrJlLaha/eh, There is alfo another MahdhB, which is a grained feede, of which <^Auicen maketh; mention in his 4y8.chapter, tha'titdoth by his warme and comfortable heate diflolue and aflwage paine. Serapio feemeth to intreat of them both, 8c to containc diners of the Mahalebv nder the title ofone chapter: it is named in high Dutch §cf)utinEftitn: in low Dutch EtdctupG $SPcutt$ctif: in French Troejhe :in Englifh Priuet,Primprint,and Print. Some HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1209 Some there be that would haue the berries to be called Factinia, and Faccinium to be that,ofwhich Vitruuitu hath made mention in his 7.booke of Archite&ure,or the Art of building izpchap ter,of purple colours: after the fame maner,faith he, they temper FacctniumyanA putting milke vnto it,do make a gallant purple: in fuch breuitie of the olde writers,what can be certainly determined ? tithe temperature. The leaues and fruite of Priuet are colde, dry,and aftringent. it Thevertues. The leaues of Priuet do cure the fwellings,apoftemations, and vlcers of the mouth and throatc, A being gargarized with the iuice and decodiion thereof, and therefore they be excellent good to be put into lotions,to wafh the fecretparts,and the fealdings with women, cankers and fores in chil¬ drens mouths. The berries are apleafantmeate in winter for owfcls,thrufhes,and diuers other birdes. B Of mockeTriuet. Chap.5^. 1 Phillyrta a nguftifolia. Narrowe leafed mocke Priuet. 2 phillyrcalatiore folio. The broader leafed mocke Priuet. •tithe deferrption. I Yprus is a kinde ofPriuet,and is called PhtUyrea ,which name all the forts or kindds thereof ^.doretaine, though for diftindtion fake they paffe vnder fundry titles : this plant grovveth like an hedge tree, fometimesas biggeasa Pomegranate tree, befet with (lender twig- gieboughes,-which are garnifhed with leaues, growing by couples, very like the leaues of the Oliue tree,but broader,fofter,and of a green colour: from the bofomes of thefe leaues come foorth great bunches of (mall white flowers, of a pleafant fweete fmell, which being vaded there fucceed clutters ofblacke berries,very like the berries of the Elder tree. Iiii 1 2 The 0 1210 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE & The defer iptton. 2 The fccond Cyprus called alfo Phillyrea Latifolia , is very like the former in body , branches, leaues,flowers, and fruite: and the difference is this,tbat the ieaues of this plant are broader,but in facultie they are like. g Phillyrea ferrata 2. Clusij. The fecond toothed Priuet oiclufm defeription, & 7 hedefeription. g This kinde of Priuet rifeth vp like an hedge bufh,of the height of hue or fixe cubits: the bran¬ ches are long , fragile or brittle, couered with a whitifh barke : whereon arefet Ieaues fomewhat broad* iaggedon the edges like the reethofafaw, and of a deepc greene colour: among which come forth the flowers ; which neither my author nor my felfe haue leene: the berries grow vpon fmall foot- dalkes, for the moft part three togither, being round, & of the bignes of pepper graines, or Mir- till berries ,of a blacke colour when they be ripe. k 7 he place. Thefe plants do growe in Syria neerethe citie Afcalon, and were found by our indudrious Pena, in themountainesneereNarbone, and Montpel¬ lier in France: the which I planted in the garden at BarneElmesneere London , belonging to the right Honorable the Earle of Eflex; I haue them g owing in my garden Lkewife. ie 7 he time. The Ieaues fhoote foorth in the firft of the Ipring: the fioweis fhewe themfelues in Maie and Iune:;hc fruite is ripe in September. ieThc names. This Priuet is called in Greeke wany?.-and in Latine alfo Cyprus, and may be named in Englifh Eaderlin Priuet,and MockePriuet,for the reafon following; they aredeceiued who taking plinie for their author,do thinke that is Liguftrwnpt our Wcdernc Priuet,as wehaue fhewed in the former chapter: it is the Arabians Ikannapi Hennv* and is alfo called of thetTurkes Hennepucn at this prefent time. Jfj k The temperature. The J^ies of thefe kindes of Priuet haue a binding qualitie, as Diofeoridesw riteth. Jb k The vertues. chewed in the mouth they heale the vlcers thereof, and are a remedie againd inflammati- oris^or hot fwellings. B The decodion thereof is good againfl burnings andfcaldings. C The fame being (lamped and deeped in the iuice of Mullen, and laide on, do make the haire red as Viofcorides noteth. BeUonius writeth, that not onely the haire,but alfo the neather parts ofmans body,arad ivailes likewife are coloured and died herewith,which is counted an ornament among thq Turkes. .. 3 ■. . ; ]3 - Thpffawers beipg moidned in vineger,and applied to the temples ,aflwagcth headach. E T here is,alfo made of thefe an oile,caIIed Oleum Cyprinum, fweete of fmell,apd good to heat and dippletjje;fiaewesi: , . . : ’ ... V . i, t 'i •'!, ‘ L (Pl-M.V — -•»»'< I ' ( f JI I, *. ' - ■ ■ ■ is. 1 ' . ’ . 1 - \' 1 ' < HISTORIE OF Ofbaslard Priuet l PhiByrea arborjverior Maulcb . Baftard Priuet. PLANTS. ,y, Cbaj? .55. 2 Micaleb Gefhert. CoraU Priuet. ^ _ & 7 hcdefcrfatron. I f r^Hisfhriibbie treecallcd MacMov MahaUb^is al (o one of the Priuets: it rifeth vp like vnto 1 alroall hedge tree,not vnhke vnto the Damfon or Bulled trce,hauingmany vpright (talks and fpreadmg branchesiwhercon do grow leaues not vnlike to thofe ofthe Uiltyrc. of ck- Jim defcnption: among which come foorth moffie flow ers.of a white colour,and of a nerfeft fvveet fmel,growing m clutters,many hanging v p on one Item,which the grauer hath oro.ttediafter which Inwhich'fehakernell" 6 “ & ^ biackc ' vhcnthcyber, P c = with3Ilttlehardftone "*hin, G'Jnerm and Mztfuotm hauefetfoorthanother MuM .beingalfoanotherbaftard Prmec:it groweth to a fmall hedge tree,hauing many grccne branches, fet with roundc leaues.like thofe of the Elme tree fomewhat fn.pt about the edges .the flowers are like thofe ofthe precedent.-the fruit isas ar as a bead of corall,fomewhat rounde, and of a fhiningblacke colour, which the cunning Iwu rT bore through,making thereofbracelets, chaines, and fuel, like triflng toies, t ley fende into England fmcaredouer with fomeodde fwcer compound or other, and heere ofmoney °“ r CUn ° US Lad ' CS and S ent,e "'°™n for rare and ftrange Pome-ambers, for great fums arellrai^ers^inEifgfand" dlUeB P aces °f France,asaboutTholoufe,andfundiyother p!aces;they The flowers bud ioorth in the Ipring^the fruite is ripe in Nouembcr and December. Iiii 4 # The I2JS THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 'kThe names. This baftard Priuet is that^ree,which diuers fufpedl tobc that Mahakb, or Macalebpi which Aus¬ ten writethinhis478.chap.& whichalfo,syr4:/wfpeakethofoutof Mefues : but it is an hard thing to affirme any certaintie therby .feeing that Autcen hath delcribed it without markes: notwithftan- ding this is taken to be the fame of molt writers, and thofe of the beft ; we may call it in Englifh baftard Priuet,or Corall,or Pomander Priue t,being without doubt a kinde thereof. The temperature and'i ertues. Concerning this baftarde Priuet, fwe haue learned as yet no vie thereof in Philicke. The kernels which are found in the Hones or fruit,a^fhey be like in tafte to thofe of Cherries,fo be they alfo an* fwerable vnto them in temperature: for they are of a temperate heate, and do gently prouokc vrine, and be therefore good for the Hone: more we haue not to write, then hath beenc fpoken in the defeription. Of thefruitiest riueto Chav.56. l ^Alaternm Pliny. Fruitles Priuet. 2 ^Alaternm humilior. The lower fruitles Priuet. vV The description. ‘‘Hlsihrubbiebiifh, callcdof Plmie and Carolus clufiui ilaternm, growethvp to a fmali hedge tree, in forme like vnto the baftard Priuet; but the leaues are more like thofe of Ilex , or the French Oke,yet ftiffer and more rounder then thofe of Macalebt among which come forth tufts of red floryers like thofe of the Lcntiske tree: vnder and amongft the leaues come foorth the berries,like thofe of Lamm T inus, in which are concerned two kernels, like vnto the Acines or ftones of the Grape. 2 The lecond kind of ^Alaternm is likewife a fruitles kinde ofPriuet,hauing narrow leaues,fom- what fnipt about the edges: from the bofomes whereof come foorth fmali herbie coloured flowers, which HISTORIE OF PLA'NTS. 12T3 which being vadedjthere fucceedeth the fruitc whereofo 45 */^/?ipeaketh 3 calling it by the name F agar as, being a fruite in bignes and forme like thofe in fhops called Ccccultu-wdi, and may be the fame for any thing that hath beene writen to thecontraric :this fruite hangeth as it were in a darke afh coloured skin or huske 3 which inclofeth a (lender ftiffe fhell 3 like the fhcll of a nut, couered with a thinne and blacke filme 3 whether it be the fruite of this plant it is not cenfured 5 notwithftanding you fhallfinde the figure heereofamong the Indian fruites 3 by the name Fagar as. ie The place. Thefe plants do grow in the fhadowie woods of France 3 and arc ftrangcrs in England. ie The time. The time anfivereth the reft of the Priuets. 7 he names. Alatcrnus of Fliny, is the fame Thillyrea , which 7 * heophraftm hath written of by the name Phi- lyca^nd Bellontui alfo in his firft booke 42.chapter of his fingularities 3 and the Cretenies call it EU~ prtnon: the Portugales Cafca • in French Dalader, and Sangin blanc: in Englifh barren or fruitlefle Priuet .-notwithftanding loine haue thought it to beare fruite 3 which at this day is called Fagaras 3 with vs Cocculm-indiyZs we haue faidc. •fy 7 he temperature and vert ties. Whether the plant be vfed in medicine I cannot as yet learne: the fifhermen of Portingale do vie to feeth the barke thereof in water ,with the which deco&ion they catch fifh 3 as alfo colour their nets,being very fit for that purpofe. In Englande we vfe the fruite called Coccultts-indi in powder 3 to mixe with flower, honie 3 and B crums of bread ,to catch fifh with, being a numming, foporiferous or a deeping medicine^ cauletii the fifli to turne vp their bellies,as being iencelefle for a time. Of the white and blew pipe Priuets. Chap.jy. THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ?$• The deferiplion. 1 r T' 1 He white Pipe groweth like an hedge tree, or bufhic fhrub: from the roote whereof arife many fhootes, which in fhort time growe to be equall with the oldc ftocke, whereby in little time it increafeth vnto infinite numbers, like the common Englifh Prim orPriuec, whereof doubtlcffc it is a kindc,if wc confider euery circumftance. The branches are couered with a rugged gray barke:the timber is white, wi th fome pith or fpungie matter in the middle like Elder, butlcffer in quantitie. Thcfc little branches are garnifhed with finall crumpled leaues,of the fhape and bignes ofPeare tree lcaues,and very like in formcramong which come foorth the flowers grow¬ ing in tufts, compad of fewer fmall leaues of a white colour, and of aplcafant fweete finell: but in my iudgement they are too fivecrc,troubling and molefting the head in veiy ftrange manner.I once gathered the flowers,and laid them in my chamber window,which finelled more flrongly after they had lien togither a few howers, with fuch apontickeand vnacquainted fauor, that they awaked me from fleepc, fo that I could not take any reft vntill I had caft them out of my chamber. When the flowers be vaded, then followeth the fruit, which is finall,curled, and as it were compad of many little folds,broad towards the vpper part,and narrow towards the ftalke ,and blacke when it is ripe, wherein is contained a {lender and long feede. Thercote hereof fpreadeth it felfe abroad inthe ground,after the manner of the rootes of fuch fnrubbic trees. 2 The blew Pipe groweth Iikewife in manner of a final hedge tree,with many fhootes rifing from the roote like the former,as our common Priuet doth,wherofit is a kinde .The branches haue fome fmall quantitie of pith in the middle of the wood,and are couered with a darke black greenifh barke or rintie. The leaues are exceeding greenc and crumpled or turned vp like the brims of an hat, in fhape very like vnto the leaues of the Poplar tree: among which come the flowers of an exceeding fairebiewe colour, compad of many fmall flowers, inthe forme of a bunch of grapes, eache flower is in fhew like thole of Valeri ah a rubra Dodonat, confifting of fower parts like a little ftar, of an exceeding fweete fauour and find,but not fo ftrong as the former.When thefe flowers be gone, there fucccede flat cods and fomwhat long,which being ripe are of a light colour, with a thin mem¬ brane or filme in the midft, wherein are feedes almoft fower lquare,narrow and ruddie. 5 Balanm Myrcpftcafme Gians vnruentaria. The oylie Acorne. He Thedefcription . 3 Gians vnguentaria or the oilie Acorn is the fruit of a tree like Tamariske, of the bignefle of a Hafeil nut : out of thekernell whereof, no otherwife than out of bitter A!monds,is preffed an oilie iuice,which is vfed in precious ointments,as Diofcorides faith,nei¬ ther is it in our time reieded: for the oyle hereof mix¬ ed with fweete odors, ferueth to perfume gloues and other things. He The place. Thefe trees grow not wilde in England,but I haiic them growing in my garden in very grcatplencie. He The time. They flower in Aprill and May, but as yet they haue nor borne any fruite in my garden, though in Icalie and Spaine their fruit is ripe in September. He The names. The later Phifitions call the firft Syringa, or rather that is to fuy,a Pipe,bicaufe the (talks and bran¬ ches thereof, when the pith is taken out, are hollow like a Pipe. It is alfo many times furnamed Candida or white, or Syringa candidoflore , or Pipe with a white flower, bicaufeit fhould differ from Lillatb, which is fometimes named Syrmgacarulea^ or blew Pipe: in Englifh White Pipe. Blew Pipe,the later phifitions,as we haue faid,do name it Li/lach,or Lilac ; of fome Syringa earn- kapt blew Pipe, moft do expound the word LilUcb , and call it Ben : Sarapio his and the Arabians HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 121*, Ben is Gians'unguenUria., which the Grecians name from which Liltach doth very much differ: among other differences it is very apparant,tha iLiHach bringeth foorth no nut, how¬ ler Mathiolcu doth falfly pidure it onely a little cod, the feede whereof hath in it no oyle at all. The figure whereof we haue thought good to inlert in this Chapter,for want of a more conuenienc roome. •ft The temperature and vertues . Concerning the vfe and faculties of thefe fhrubs, neither we our felucs haue found out any thing,nor learned ought of others. Of fVidow W^ayle^or Spurge Qliue. Chap. 58 . ChameUa uArabtm Tricoccos. Widow Wayle. * The defeription. W IdowWayleisa (mall fhrub about two cubits high. The ftalk is of a woody fub- ftance, branched with many final twigs ful of little leaues like Priuct, but fmaller and blac- kcr:on the ends whereof growe finall pale yellowe flowersjwhich being part,there fucceedeth a three corned berrie like the Tithymales,for which caufe it was called Tricoccos, that is 3 three berried cha- meUa : thefe berries are green at the firflgred after¬ ward, and browne when they be withered, and containein them an oylie fatneffe like that of the OJiues,being of a fharpe and biting tafle, and that doth burne the mouth, as do both the leaues and rinde.The roote is hard and woodie. ft The place. Itisfounde in mod vntilled grounds of Italie, and Languedocke in Fraunce, in rough and defart places.I haue it growing in my garden. ft The time. It is alway greene:the feede is ripe in Autumne. ft The names. The Grecians call it as though they fhouldfay loweorfhort Oliue tree : the Latines O lea go and O least ellm , and likewife Citocacium: it is alfo named of diuers Oliuella , as Mathew Syl~ uaticus faith: it i s called in Englifh Widow Wayle qurafacit viduas. 1 he fruit is named of diners rJ»w>< mfnoc in La- tine Coccus cnidius , but he is dcceiued, faith Dzof- coridesfenzt nameth the fruit of Spu rge Oliue Coccus c null us: ^Auicen and Serapio call chameUa ,or Spurge Oliue <Jftlez,ereon: vnder which name notwithstanding they haue alfo contained both the Chamadeops or Carlines, and fo haue they confounded chameUa r or Spurge Oliue with the Car- linesjandhkjewife Thymtlea ov&puige Flaxe. >■ -e ■\c . ft The temperature. mi.! ! 1 Both the leaues and fruit of Spurge Oliue, as we haue faid, are of a burning and extreme hot temperature. '■ •“ Oil bjtiqro j , • - „ 1 . ft The vertices ><■ > ■ The leaues j faith j Diofeorides, purge both flegme and choler, efpecially taken in pils, fo that two A partes of Wormwood be mixed with one of Spurge Oliue, and made vp into pils with Meade or honie water.Tjaey melt not in the belly,but as many as betaken are voided whole. :• - c Mefttes in 6 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE B Mefies likewife hath a dcfcription of pils of the Ieaues of Spurge Oliue (yet Sylttim expoundeth it Spurge Flaxe) but inftead of Wormwood, he taketh the outward fubflance of the yellow Miro- balans and Cepula Mirobalans, and makcth them vp with Tereniabin, that is to fay, with Manna and fower Dates,whicli they call Tamarinds, diflblued in Endiue water : and appointeth the lame Ieaues to be firft tempered with very ftrong vineger and to be dried. C Thefe pils are commended againft the dropfie, for they drawe foorth waterie humors, but they be violent to nature:therefore we muft vie them as little as may be.Furthermore.D/^r^ addeth, shat the ieaues of Spurge Oliue beaten with hony,do clenie filthie and crufted vicers. Of(Jermaine Oliue Spurge . Chappy. ^ The defeription. He dwarffe Bay tree, which the Dutch men eafie long fatter. The flowers come foorth before the Ieaues oftentimes in the moneth of Ianuarie, cluttering togither about the ftalks at certain,diftances, of a whitifh colour tending to purple, and of a moft fragrant and pleafantlweet fmell; after come the ftnal berries,greene at the firft,and of a Chining red colour when they be ripe, which afterward waxe of a darke blacke colour, of an exceeding hot and burning tatte, inflaming the mouth and throte of thofe that do tatte thereof, with danger of cho- king.The roote is woodie. & T he place. This plant groweth naturally in themoyftand Chadowie woods of moll of the Eaft countries, efpecialiy about Eibing, which we call Meluin,in Polande, from whence I hauehad great plentie thereof for my garden ,where they flower,ftourifh and bring their fruit to maturitie. k 7 he time. It flowreth in the firil of the fpring: the fruit is ripe in Auguft. k Then Ames. It is commonly called in high Dutch , leitfj&raut > and iReiieiljals : the Apothecaries of our countrie name it Mezereon, but we had rather call it chameUn Gemanica : in Englifh Dutch Mezereon,or itmay be called Germaine Oliue Spurge. We haue heard,that diners Italians do name the fruit thereof Piper Montanum , Mountaine Pepper. Some fay that LrtireoU or Spurge Laurell is this plant, but there is another Laureola , of which we will hereafter intreateof: but by what name it is called of the old writers,and whether they knew it or no,ic is hard to tell. It is thought to be Cneor on album Theophrafti,but by reafon of his breuitie, we canattirmenocertaintie. There is,faith he,two kindes of Cneor on, the white and the blacke, the white hath a leafe, long, like in forme to Spurge Oliue; the blacke is full of fubflance like Mirtle; the low one is more white; tbelameis with fmell, and the blacke without fmell, The roote of both which groweth deepe, is great: the branches be manyjthicke^oodie^mmediatlv growing out of the eartfoor a little aboue the call OHj is a fmall fhrub two cubires high. The branches be tough, limber, and to bend, very foft to be cut: wheron do grow Ieaues like thofe of Priuet, but thicker and Ch am alea Germamcajiue Meztreon. Spurge Flaxe,or the Dwarffe Bay. HIS TOR I E OF PLANTS. 1217 the earth tough - wherefore they vfe thefe to bindewith, as with Oziars. They bud and flower when the Autumne Equinoaiall is part,and a long time after.!bus much 7 hcopbraHui. -jq, e Germaine Spurge Oliue is not much vnlike to the Oliue tree in leafe: the flower is iwccte or fmell'the buds whereof,as we hauc written, come foorth after Autnmne: the branches are vvoodie and pliablcithe roote long, growing deepe : all which fhew that it hath great likenes and affinitie with Cmoron (if it be not the very fame.) •' ft The temperature. This plant is likewife in all parts extreme hot, thefruit, the leaues, and the rinde are very (harpe and biting: they bite the toong.and fet the throte on fire. *• ' ft Thevertues. The leaues of Mezereon do purge downward 3 flegn& 3 choler, and waterifh humors with great A U °Alfoifa drunkard do eate one graine or berrie of this plant, he cannot be allured to drinks any B drinke at that time 5 fuch will be the heateofhis mouth and choking in the throte. This plantis very dangerous to betaken into the bodic, and in nature like vnto the Sea fithy. C male j leauing (if it be chewed) fuch an heate and burning in the throte, that it is hard to be queri- chcd * The (hops of Germanie and of the Lowe countries do when neede require 3 vfe the leaues hereof D in ftead of Spurge Oliuepvhich may be done without error; for this Germaine Spurge Oliue is like in vertue and operation to the other, therefore it may be vfed in ftead thereof, and prepared after the like and felfefame manner. OfSpurge Flaxe . 0 oa P • 6°• i ThymeUa. Spurge Flaxe 3 or mountainc Widow Waylc. 2 ThymeUaramofa. Branched Spurge Flaxe. Ill THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ,r- tfc The defeript ion . Purge Flaxe bringeth foorth many {lender branched {prigs aboueacubice high, couered round with long and narrow leaues like thofe of Flaxe, narrower and lefter than the leaues of Spurge Oliue.The flowers are whitQjfoialh.ftanding on the vpper parts o{ the lprigs: the fruit is round,grccnc at the firft 5 but red when it is ripe, like almoft to the round berries of the Haw¬ thorne, in which is a white kernell couered with a blacke skin, very hot and burning the mouth like 1 Mezereon:therooteishardandwoodie. / 2 Branched Spurge Flaxe groweth vp likewile to the height of a fmall fhrub, fet with diuers tough branches jwhereon do grovve long leaues like the precedent, but greater; the flowers .fruite, and likevvife the take of the fruit diifereth^iot: the roote is very tough and woodie. The place. It groweth in rough mountaincs,and in vntoiled places in hot regions.lt groweth in my garden. & The time.. Ic is grecne at any time of the yeere,but the fruit is perfected in Autumne. & The names. The Grecians call it the Syrians,as Dio/corides witneflcth ^Apotinon^ diuers alfo Chxme- /^,but not properly: but as D/ofccrides faith,the leafe is properly called Cneoron^ and the fruit Cocces Cnid/os : nctwkhftanding thofe things which Theophrajlusc alleth Cneora , leeme to differ from Thy - meUa, or Spurge Flaxe, vnlefle Tfigrum Cneoron be ThymeUa ; for 7 heofhraflm faith that there be two kindes of Cneoron, the one white,the other blacke.This may be called in Englifh Spurge Flaxe, or Mountaine Widow Wayle. The (cede of ThymeUa is called in ihops Gramm Gni&iwn 3 wher- upon ,came Coculm Indm from Coccus Cnidi us. •A: The temper attire. Spurge Flaxe is naturally both in leaues and fruit extreme hot,biting,and of a burning qualitie. ie Thevertues. The graines or berries,as Diofcorides faith, purgeth by fiege choler, flegme and water, if twenty graines of the inner part be drunke,but it burneth the mouth and throte; wherfore it is to be giucn with fine flower or Barly rncale, or in Raifons, or couered with clarified honie, that it may bee fwai- lowed. - ' ( : . * g The fame being ftampecl with Niter and vineger,{eriieth to annoint thofe with,which can hardly . fweate. r,j L-Tr, \ q The leaues rauft be gathered about haruefi, and being dried in the fha^e, they arc to be laicfe vp and referued. jy They that would giue them inuft beat them, Sc take forth the firings: thequantityof two ounces and two drams put into wine tempered with water, purgeth and draweth foorth waterie humors: but they purge more gently if they be boyled with Lentils,and mixed with potherbes chopped. £ The fame leaues beaten to powder and made vp into trochies or flat pils,with theiuice of fewer " grapes are referued. p Theherbe is an cnimie to the ftomacke,which alfo deftroieth the birth ifit be applied. Of Spurge Laurel!. Chap. 61 . 9? Thedefcrtption. S Purge Laurel! is a fihrub of a cubit high,oftentimes alfo of two,and fpreadeth with many little boughes,which are tough and lithy,and couered with a thick rinde.The leaues be long,broad, gro{Te,fmooth, biacl<ifh,fhining, like the leaues of Laurell,but lefler,comming neere to thole of Myrtle,yet without finell, very many atthetop,c!ufteringtogither^The flowers be long,holIow, of a whitilh greene beneath the leaues: the berries when they be ripe are blacke,with a hard kernell within, which is a little longer than the feede of Hempe : the pulpe or inner fubftance is white, the roote woodie,tough,Iong and diuerlly parted,growing deepe. lh§ leaues,fruit,and barke as well of the roote as of the little boughes, do with their fharpnes and biirning qualitie bite andfetonfire the toong and throte. I a ur cola 12 IP HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Laurcola florens. Laureola cum fluffu. Laurell,orSpurgeLaurelIflowring. Laurell with his fruir. ft 7he place. It is found on mountaines.in vntilled, rough, fhadowie and woodie places, as by the lake of Lo« zanna or Geneua,and in many places neere the riuer of Rhene and of the Maze. ft The time. The flowers bud very foone, a little afrer Autumne a?quino£tiall: they at e full blowne in winter or in the firft fpring: the fruit is ripe in May and lune: the plant is alwaies greene,and endurcth the - cold and (tonnes of winter. • ft The names. It is called in Grecke ^®w3«J\V,of the likenes it hath with the Ieaues of the Laurell or Bay tree: in Latine lifcewife Daphnoides. The later Latinifts for the fame caule name it Laureola , as though they fhould fay Minor Laurutjyt littleLaurel.lt is alfo called and^/e^notvvithftanding there is another chamtdaphnt, and another certaine Peplton. This fhrub is commonly called in Englifh Spurge Laurell,of diners Lauriell or Lowry. Some fay that the Italians name the berries hereof Piper montanum^ or Mountaine Pepper, as alio the berries of Dutch Mezereon: others afSrme them to be [called in high Dutch alfo f CliSUt. It may be Theophrafli his Cneoron, for it is much like to Mirtle in leafe,it is alfo a branched plant., tough and pliable,hauing a deepe roote,without fmell,with a blacke fruit. ^ ft The temperature. It is like in temperature and facultie to the Germaine Spurge OIiue,throughout the whole fub= fiance biting and extreme hot. T ; ft The vertuet. Thedrie or greene Ieaues of Spurge Laurell, faith Diofcorides, purgeth by fiegc flegmatike hu- A tnours~,it procureth vomite,and bringeth downe the menfes, and being chewed ; it draweth water out of the head. Itlikewifecaufethneezingsmoreouer ij.grainesofthefeede thereofdrunke, are a purgation. B Of 1220 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Of c Rkfe Baie^or Oleander . Chap, 6%. I TfjriumJiue Oleander, The Rofe Baie. 2 NeYium(lore dbo. The Role Baie with white flowers. 3 V.. 5 • The description. Ofe Baie is a fmall fimib of a gallant fhewe like the Baie tree, hearing leaues,thicker, grea- JT€ ter,and rougher then the leaues of the Almond tree: the flowers be of a faire red co!our,di- uided into fine leaues,not much vnlike a little Rofe^he cod or finite is long, like K^Afclepk as , or Vincetoxkum , and full of filch white downe, among which the feede lieth hidden: the roote is long,finooth, and woodie. 2 The fecondkinde of Role Baie ,is like the firft,and difFereth in that, that this plant hath white fiowersjbut in other refpe&s it is.very like., - .. - ' Y f j ■ & The-place, Thefegrow in Italy,and other hot regions by riuers, and the Tea fide :X haue them growing in my garden. Y'YY ' .. Y.’ - it The time. In my garden they flower in Iujy and Augufh the cods be ripe afterwards. The names. This plant is named in Greeke Ntfe/or, by Nkander^ms '• in Latine likewife Nerkn , and alio Rho- . dodendron^nd Rhode da\phne ,that is to faie Rofea arbor ,and RofcaLaurmdw fhops Oleander: in Italian Ote&ndro •• iASpamfh Cddelfa, Eloendro , and o dl'endro .* in French Rojagme: in Englifh Rofe free, Rofe Baie,Role Bale tree,and Oleander. 5 Y .. , -ie The temperature and vertues. A A This tree being outwardly applied hath as GdlenC ,aithj a digefiing facultie: but if it be inwardlie taken HISTORIE OF PLANTS. mi talcen 3 it is deadly and poifbnfom, not onely to men,but alfo to mod kinds of beads. The flowers and leaues kill dogs, afles, mules, and very :nany of ocher fower footed beads: but B if men drinke them in wine they area remedy agamfl the birings of Serpents , and the rather if Rue be added. The weaker fort ofcattIe,as fhcepe and goatesjf they drinke the water wherein the leaues haue C bcene fteeped,are fure to die. Ofdvparffe c Baie. Qhap.6^. I Chamtrl'ododendros eilpigenx* 2 Chamxrhododendros tnontdna. Dwairfe Rofe Baie. Mountaine Rare Baie. The deferiptton. 1 ar ^ e Nerium or Rofe Baie, hath leaues , which for the mod part are alwaies ^recne, J. J rough,and fmall,of a pale yellow colour like Boxe, farre lefler then Olean der: rhe u hole • u prant is ofa fhrubbie dature,leaning this way and that vvay.as not able to dande vpi ;pht without helpe 5 his branches are couered and let full of fmall flowers,of a Alining fear If t or cr im l n colour 5 growing vpon the hils as yee go from Trident to Verona y which in Iuneandluly are a, it were coueied with a fcarlet coloured carpet,of an odoriferous fauour,and delectable countenance- which being fallen there commeth leede and faire berries like K^jparagw. 2 The mountaine Rofe Baie is like the fird in proportion , growing like a little fhrub, fomewhac more then a cubite high, with a rough barke , and branches euen like the Lentiske tree: the leaues are like the wilde Oliue 5 on the outfide g teene, but vnderneath ofa rudie pale colour,which of one Kkkk i originall 1222 THE THIRD BOOKS OF THE original or beginning,do Ipring forth almoft by the very tops beautifully/hewing themielues after the maner of the crowned cups which Rewe beareth,but diuided into hue little tops; the flowers in foiell and fafhion are like the former: the whole fhmb is of a fpicie tafte 5 aftringent 3 and moderate-- Jy heating. ft The place and time. The place and time are exp relied in their defcriptions. ft The names. The firft is called in Englifh Dwarffe Role Baie of the Alpes: the fecondemountaine Dwarffe Role Baie; which fmali difference in name (hall fuffice to diftiuguifh the one from the other.I finde not any thing extant of their vertues 3 lb that I am conftrained to leauc the reft vnto your owne di- leretion. Of the TSdie^or LanreU tree . Chap . & The defeription. j JETe Baie or Laurel! tree commeth oftentimes to the height of a tree of a meane bignefie j it is full ofbougheSjCouered with a greene barke: theleaues thereof arelong,broad,hard s of colour greene 3 fweetely fuelling, and in taftefomewhat bitter: the flowers alongft the Doughes and leaues are of a greene colour: the berries are more long then round, and be couered ivithabfackerindeorpill; the kernel! within is clouen into two parts, like thatofthe Peach and Almond 5 and other fiich, ofabrowneyellowifhcolour, fweeteoflmell, intafteIbmcwhat bitter, with a little flharpe or biting qualitie. s There is alio a certaine other kinde heercof more like to a fhrub, lending foorth out of the rootes HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1223 rootes many offprings, which notwithftanding groweth not fo high as the former 5 and thebarkcs of the boughes be fomewhat red: the leaues be alfo tenderer, and not fo harde 5 in other things not vnlike* Thefe twoBaie trees Diofcorides was not ignorant of;for,he faith,thatthe one is narrow leafed, and theother broader leafed,or rather harder leafed,which is more like. ft The place. The LaurellorBaic treegroweth naturally in Spaine andfuchhot regions; we plant, and fee itin gardens,defending it from coldc at the beginning ofMarch efpecially. I haue not feene any one tree thereof growing in Denmarke, Sweuha, Poland, Liuonia, or Ruf- fia,or in any of thofc colde countries where I haue trauelled. ft The time. The Baie tree groweth greene winter and fommer: it flowreth in the fpring, and the blacke fruic isripeinO&ober. ft The names. This tree is called in Greeke^Vw: in LatineZ/^rw*: in Italian Lauro : in high Dutch Lo^hCCC 1 * haunt: in low Dutch 1 autUg boomc X in French Laurter: in Spanifh Laurel , Lercr , and Loureiro: in Englifti Laurell,or Baie tree. ThcfruiteisnamedinGrceke^^f :in Latinc Lauri bacca : in high Dutch JUjcetbCTOt X in low Dutch 'BaftClCCt \ in Spanifli Vayas: in Englifh Baie Berries. The Poets faine that it tooke his name of Daphne, Lado his daughter, with whom Lsfpollo fcllin loue. ft The temperature and vertues. The berries and leaues of the Baie tree,faith Galenic hot and very dry, and yet the berries more A then the leaues. The barke is not biting and hot, but more bitter, andithathalfoacertaineaftridliueor binding B qualitie. Baie Berries with Hony or Cute, are good in a licking medicine faith Diofcorides, againft the C phthifickeor confumption of the lungs, difficulty of breathing, and all kinde effluxes or rheumes about the chcft. Baie Berries taken in wine, are good againft thebitings andftingings of any venemous bead, D and againft all venome and poifon: they elenfe away the morphew; the iuice preffed out heereof is aremcdyforpaincoftheeares, anddeafnes, if it be dropped in with olde wine and oile of Rofes: this is alfo mixed with ointments that are good againft wearifomnes, and thatheate and difeufle or wafte away humors. Baie berries are put intoMithridatc,TreacIe,and fuch like medicines that are made torefrefh fuch E people as are gro wen fluggifh and dull by meanes of taking opiate medicines, or fuch as haue any venemous or poifoned cpalitie in them. They are good alfo againft cramps and drawing togither offinewes. We in our time do not vfe the berries for the infirmities of the lungs,or cheft;but minifter them againft the difeafes of the ftomacke,liuer,fpleene,and Bladder: they warme a colde ftomacke,caufe concodhonofrawe humours,ftirrevpadecaicdappetite,take away rhelothingofmeate,open the flopping of the liner & fpleen,prouoke vrine,bring down the menfes,& driue forth the fecondine. The oile prefled out of thefe, or drawnefoorth by decoction, doth in fhort time take away fcabs H and fuch like filth of the skin. It cureth them that be beaten blacke andblewe, and that bebrufedbyfquats andfals, it remoo -1 ueth blacke and blew (pots and congealed bloud,and digefteth and wafteth away the humours ga¬ thered about the grieued part. Diofcorideshiftijhzx. the leaues are good for the difeafes of the mother and bladder, if a bath be K made thereof to bathe and fit in: that the greene leaues do gently binde, that being applied they are good againft the ftingings of wafpes and bees ;that with barly meale parched,and bread, they afiwage all kindeof inflammations, and that being taken in drinke they mitigate the paine of the ftomacke,but procure vomite. The berries of the Bay tree (lamped with a little Scammonie and Saffron,and laboured in a mor- L tar with vineger and oile of Rofes to the forme of a liniment, and applied to the temples and fore - part of the head,doth greatly ceafcthe paine of the megrim. It is reported that common drunkardes were accuftomed to cate in the morning faffing twoM leaues thereof againft druukenes. Kkkk 2 ' The m 4 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE £ The later Phifitions do oftentimes vie to boile the leaucs ofLaurell with diuexs meatcs 3 efpeciaU ly fiflhes 3 and by fo dooing there hapneth no defirc ofvomiting: but the meate feafoned heerewith becommeth more fauory and better for the ftomacke. M The barkc of the roote of the Baie tree,as Galen writeth 3 drunken in wine prouoketh vrine. break- eth the ftone 3 and driueth fooith gratiell: itopeneth the (loppings of the liner, the fpleene, and all other (loppings of the inwarde parts .-which thing alfo Diojcondes affirmeth 3 who likewife addeth, that it kiiieth the childc in the mothers wombe. ]v| It helpeth the dropfie and the iaundi(e 3 and procureth vnto women their defired Hcknes. Of the mlde 'Bale tree . Chap .65. l LaitrtuTrnm* 2 Laurns TinrnLu fitanica. The wiide Baie tree. The Portingale wilde Baie tree. iithe deferipion . 1 T Juries Tinm, or the wilde Baie tree 3 groweth like a fhrub or hedge bufh 3 hauing many Jtoughand pliant branches 3 fet full ofleaues very like vnto the Baie leaues, but (mailer and more crumpled, of a deepc and lhining greene colour: among which come foorth tufts of whitifh flowers, turning at the edges intoa light purple5 after which follows (mail berries of a blew colour 3 conteining a iewe graines or feeds like the (tones or feeds of grapes: the leaues and all the parts of the plant are altogither without fmell or fauour. 2 Times Lufitanica, groweth verie like to Cor mss Fcemina , or theDogge Berric tree, but the branches be thicker, and more (liffe 3 couered with a reddifh barke mixed with greene: the leaue? are like the former 3 but larger 3 hauing manie (inewes or vaines running thorough the fame . like HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1225 like Ribwoort: the flowers heereof grow in tufts like the precedent, but they are of colour more de¬ clining to purplerthe fmall branches are likewife of a purple colour: the leaues haue no fmell at all, either good or bad: the berries are {mailer then the former, of a blewe colour declining to blacke- neffe. * kT replace. The wilde Baie groweth plentifully in euery fielde of ItaIy,Spaine, and other regions, which dif¬ fer according to the nature and feituationof thofe countries: 4 they growe in my garden and prof- per very well. The time. The wilde Laurell is greene,and may oftentimes be feene with the flowers and ripe berries gro¬ wing both at one feafon. k The names. It is called in Latine Tinus, and Laurm fyluefl.ris :in Greeke Jyj* ■ Cato nameth it Laurutfylua~ tica : in Italian Lattro Siluatico: in Spanifh Vua de Perro , other Follado , and of diuers Vurillo : in En- gliih wilde Baie. k The temperature and vertues. Plinie nor any other of the ancients, haue touched the faculties of this wilde Baie, neither haue we any vnderftanding thereof by the later writers,or by our owne experience. Of the TSoxe tree . Chap.6 6 . T! Buxjts. ) T lie Boxe tree. k The defer rpt ion. 'He great Boxe is a faire tree,bearing a great body or trunke j the woode or timber is yel- Jowe and verie harde, and fit for fundrie workes,hailing many boughes &hard branches, befet with fundry fmall hard greene leaues, both winter and fommer like the Baie tree: the flowers are very little, growing among the leaues, of a greene colour: which being vaded there fucceedi imaflblacke fhining berries , of the bigneffe of the feeds of Corianders, which are inclofed in rounde greenifh huskes, hailing three feeteor legs like a braflfe or boiling pot : tberoote is like- wife yellovve, and harder then the timber,' but of greater beauty, and more fit for dagger haftes, boxes, and fuch like vfes, whereto the trunke or body ferueth, then to make medicines ; though foolifh emperickes and women leaches, do mini- fter it againft the apoplexie and fuch difeafes: Turners and Cutlers,if I miftake not the matter, do call this woode dudgeon , wherewith they make dudgeon hafted daggers. There is alfoa cercaine other kinde heereof, growing lowland not aboue a yarde high, but it lpreadeth all abroad : the branches heereof are many and very (lender: the leaues be rounde and of a light greene. # The place. Buxm or the Boxe tree,groweth vpon fundry wafte and barren hils in Englande. ,r k The time. The boxe tree groweth greene winter and fommer: it flowreth in Februarie and March,and the feede is r ipe in September. Kkkk 3 kTh( 12 iS the third booke of the ^ The names. The Grecians call it : in Latine Bitxm : in high Dutch ^UC&fj&attm: inloweDutchW 301 TI * Italian Bojfo : in French Butt: in Englifh Boxe 5 and Boxe tree. Boxe^^undBc^ 11 ^ in Latinc Humilu Buxtu: in Englifh dwarf # The temperature and virtues. TIieleai.es oftheBoxe tree are hot,drie and aftringent, of arm,ill and lothfome fmell, not vfed m medicme 3 but oneiy as I faid before in the defeription. i Myrtm. The MyrtiJI tree. Of the ^Myrtle tree. Chap.67. # Thekindes. np ere oe diuers forts of the Myrtill trees, fomc withbroadeleaues, fbmc with narrowe leaues; diftinguffir the kinds" ^ ^ °" e figUre W ‘ th the dcfcri P tions of moreftiall The defeription. T He firft and greateft Afjyrtus is a fmall tree, growing to the height of a man,hauing ma* niefaire and pliant branches, couered with abrownebarke, and fet full of leaues much like vnto the Laureil or Baie leafe, but thinner and fmaller,fomevvhatrefembling the leaues of Per- uincie, which being brufed do yeelde foorth a moft fragrant ftnell, not much inferior vnto the fmell of Clones, as all thereftoftheidndes do: among thefe leaues come foorth fmall white flo- wers,in lhapelike the flowers of the Cherry tree, but much fmailer, and ofapleafent fauour,which do turne into fmall berries, greene at the firft and afterwards blacke. There is alio another kind of Myrtm called Myr- tm Boeltca Utifolia , according to Clufim Myr- tmLaurea, that hath leaues alfo like Bale leaues, growing by couples vppon his pleafant greene branches, in a double roweon both (ides of the ftalkes, of a light greene colour, and fomewhat thicker then the former, in fent and fmell fweete: the flowers and fruit are not much differing; from the firft kinde. There is likewife another kinde of Myrtm cal- led Exotica, that is ftrange and not common : it growerh vpright vnto the height of a man like vri- to thelafl;before mentioned, but thatitisreple- n*fned with greater pientie of leaues, which doe fold in thcmfelues hollow and almoft double,broader pointed, and keeping no order in their grow¬ ing, but one thrufting within another, and as it were crofting one another confufcdly 5 in all other points agreeing with the precedent. c I here is another fort like vnto the former in flowers and branches, but the leaues are fmooth flat and plaine, and not crumpled or folded at all. The fruit is in fhape like the other,but that itis of a white colour,whereas the fruitof the other is blacke. .1 here is alfo another kinde of Myrtill, called sMyrtm minor,or noble Myrtill, as beinc* the chiefc of all the reft ( although moft common and beft knowen ) and groweth like a little fhrub or hedge bufh, </ery like vnto the former but much fm after. The leaues are fmall and narrow, verymuchre- Jeijnbling the feaucs of Mafticke Time called Mam .The flowers be white,nothing differing from stae former failing in greatnes,ana that fbmetimes they are more double. There HIS TORI E ' O F PLANTS.' ih) There is yet another kinde of My rtus called JS^oua (ashauingbcen of latedifcoucred, am! not •knowen vnto them of olde^ime ): that in Haape and iBewrefornbleth the former, hauing >ea';es liN e vnto our garden Tyme, and (mall white flowers,with a few yellovy chines or thrums in the middle. Q The place. . Thefe kindes of Myrtus do growe naturally vpon the vvbodie hils and ferrill fields of Italic and Spame. . • >v if The time. Where they ioy to growe of themfeliies theydlower when the Roles do, the fruit is ripe in Au- tumne 3 in England they neuer bearc any fruit. The names. It is called in Greeke/^p<w»: in Latine Myrtm :■ in the Arabicke toong tMl-ts: in Italian Myrto: x in Spanifh Arrayhan in the -Portingall language Murta, and MurtelL: other nations do almoR keepe the Latine name,as in Englilhit is called _y(yrtle,or Myrtle tree. Among the Myrtles that which hath the fine little leafe is futnamed of Pfynie Tarentim : and that which is fo thicke and full of leaues is Exotica, ftrange or fprren. 1 Tjgra Myrtus is that which hath the blacke berries : Candida wnichhatf>|hc‘white berries, and the leaues of this alfo are of a lighter greene: Satiua, or the tame planted one is cherifhed in gardens and orchards: Sylueftru, or the wilde Myrtle is that which groweth Qjfit.felfejthc berries of this are oftentimes Idler,and of the other greater, phnie doth alfo let dow.ne other kinds, as Pair it; a, Pleheia, and Cornu gain 3 but what rfianner of ones they are, he doth not declare: he alfo placeth among the Myrtles Oxymyrjtnc, or Kncchdlme, which notwlth ft and jri gjs none of the Myrtles, but a thornie fhrub. Piinie in his i/gbookc 1 6. chapter faith, that the wine which is made of the wilde Myrtle treeis called Myitidamm, v the cop ie be true'.’ For Diofcondes and hkewife Sot ten in his Geoponikes re¬ port, that wine is made of Myrtle berries when they be thorow ripe, but this is called Vintm Myr~ team, or Myrtttes, Myrtle wine. Moreouer, there is alio a wine made of the berries and leaues of Myrtle damped and Reeped in Muff, or wine new prefled from the grape, which is called, as D/of or ides faith 3 Myrfinitevinum-, or wine of Myrtles. The.Myttle tree was in times paR confecrated to Venus. Plinie fa his 15.bocke iy. chapter faith thus,There was an old altar belonging to Cenus 7 which they now call Martin. & The temperature and vertueu The Myrtle confiReth of coritrarle _fubftanc.es, a cold earrhie thing bearingthe prehemincnce 3 A it hath alfo a certaine thin heate,therefore as Galen faith,it drieth notably. The leauesjfruit,buds and iuice do binde,-both outwardly applied and inwardly taken ; they Ray B the fpetting of blood, and all other ifiiies thereof: they flop both the whites and reds in women, if they fit in a bath made therewith: after which manner,and.by fomenting alfo they flay the fuperfiu- ous courfe of the hemorrhoides. They are a remedie for laskes, and for the bloodie Cixe, they quench the fierie heate of thdieie.s, C if they be laidc on with parched Barly fneale. They be alfo with good fuccefle outwardly applied to all inflammations newly beginning, and D alfo to new paine vpon fome fall,broke or flraine. They are wholfome for a moyfl and waterie Romacke, the fruit and leaues dried prouoke vrine : E for the greene Icaucs containe in them a certaine Riperfluons and hurtf ul! moyfture. It is good to bathe with the decodtion hereof made with wine, lims that are out ofioint,and bur- F Rings that are hard to be cured, and vlcers alfo of the outward parts: it helpeth fpreading tetters, fcowreth away the dandrafe and fores of the head, makeththe haires blacke, and keepeth them fromfhedding3withRandeth dtunkennes,ifitbe taken faRing, and preuaileth againRpoyfon, and the bitings of any venemous beaR. There is drawen out of the greene berries therof a iuice, which is dried and referued for the fore- G faid vfes. There is likewife preffed out of the leaues a iuice, by adding vnto them either olde wine or raine H water, which muR be vied when it is new made, for being once drie itputrifieth, and as V10for ides faith jfofeth his vertues. Kkkk 4 Of 1228 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Ofjvpeete Willow,or (jaulc . Qhap, 6 8 . Myrtm Brabanticafue Elaagms Cordi. Gaule/vveetc WiIIovv 3 or Dutch Myrtle tree. ft The deferigtion. Aule is a lowe and little fhrub or woodie \jr plant, hauing many browne and harde branches: whereupon doe growe leaues fom what long,hard, thicke & oileous, of an hot fauour or fmell fomwhat like Myrtus^ among the branches come forth other litle ones, wherupon do growe many fpokie eares or tufts,full of fmall flowers, and after them fucceede great ftoreof fquarefeedes cluttering togither,of a ftrong and bitter tafte. The roote is hard, and of a woodie fubftancc. - it The glace. This Gaule groweth plentifully in fundry pla¬ ces of England, as in the lie of Elie, and in the Fennie countries thereabouts, whereof there is fuch ftore in that country, that they make fagots of it and fheaues^which they cal Gaule fheaues, to burne and heate their ouens. It groweth alfo by Colbrooke,and in fundrie other places. ft The time. This Gaule flowreth in May andlune,and the feede is ripe in Auguft. ft The names. This tree is called of diuers in Latine Myrtfts Brabanticapnd Pfudomyrfne, and Cor dm calleth it EUagntis , cham&lcagnm, and CMyrtrn Braban- tica. EUagnm is defcribed by Theopbrafui to be a fhrubbie plant like vnto the Chafte tree, with a foft and downie leafe, and with the flower of the Poplar tree, and that which we haue defcri¬ bed is no fuch plant. It hath no name among the olde writers for ought wcknowe, vnlefleitbc Rlusflueflris P/rnijpv Pltnie his wilde Sumach,of which he hath written in his 24,booke i i.chap- ter. There is, faith he, a wilde herbe with (hol t ftalkes, which is an enimie to poyfon, and a killer of moths. It is called in lowe Dutch (giJgCl: in En glifh Gaule. ft The temperature, Gaule or the wilde Myrtle,efpccially the feede, is hot and dric in the third degree: the leaues be alfo hot and drie,but not fo much. ft Thevertues. A The fi uit is troublefomc to the braine being put into beere or ale whileft it is in boyling ( which many vie to do)it maketh the fame headie,fit to make a man quickly drunke. B The whole fnrub,fruit and al being laid among clothes,keepeth them from moths and wormes. Of IVboric s, or Whortle berries. Chap. 6<?, ft The kinder. V Accinia or Whortes, of which we intreat in this place, differ from Violets ; neither are they flowers, but berries: of thefe Whortes there be three forts found out by the auncients, recko¬ ning the marrifh Whortle for one: the later writers haue found more. O i Vaccinia HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1229 I Vaccinia, nigra. Blacke Whortes,or Whortle berries. 2 Vaccin'tarnbra. Red WhorteSjor Whortle beiries. FTI VC The defeription. 1 V T Accinianigra r thc blacke Whortle,or Hartleys abafe and lovve tremor woodieplanr^brin- Y/ ging foorth many branches of a cubite high, fet full of (mail leaucs, of a darke grecr.c co- lour,not much vnlike the leaues of Boxe, or the Myrti 11 tree: among which come foorth little hollow flowcrs,turning into (mail berries, greene at the firfl.aftcrwarde ted, and at the laft of a blacke colour,and full of a pleafant and fweere inice jin which do lie diners little thinne wbitifh feeds; thefe berries do colour the mouth and lips ofthofe that eatc them, with a blacke colour: the roote is woodie,flender,and now and then creeping. 2 Vaccinia rubra or the red Whortle, is like the former in the maner of growing, but that the leaucs are greater and harder ,almoft like the leaues of the Boxe tree, abiding greene all the winter long: among which come foorth fmall carnation flowers, long, and round , growing inclufrers at the top of the branches, after which focceede fmall berries in fhewe and bigneffe like rhe former,but that they are of an excellent red colour, andfullofiuice, of fo orient and beautifull a purple to limme witball, that Indian Laccais notto be compared thereunto; efpecially when this iuice is prepared and drefled withallom according to Art, as my fclfe haue prooued by experience* the tafte is rough and aftringent: and the roote is of a woody fubftance. 3 Vaccinia alba or the white Whortle,is'like vnto tire former, both in ftalkes and leaues, but the berries areofa white colour,wherein confifteth the difference. 4 Caroltu Clufm in his Pannonicke obferuations hath fet down another of 'he Whortle berries, vnder the name of Vitisldaa , which differeth not from the other Whortle berries, notonclyin ftature but in leaues andffruite alfo. 3 Vaccinia the third booke of the 1230 3 Facc/niaalba. The white Whorts, or Whortle berries. 4 Fa coma. Pamonica flue Fitl't idaa* Hungarie Whortleberries. 5 The fame author alfo fetteth foorth another of the Whortle berries, voder the title of Vux Fr-ft\ which is likewifc a fhrubbie plant , hauing manie feeble branches; whereon do growelong leaues blunt at the point of an ouetworne greene co¬ lour: among which cometborth clufters of bottle¬ like novvers/>f an herby colourrthe fruit followeth, growing likewife in clufters, greene at the firft, & blacke when they be ripe .-the rooteisofa woodie fubftance. *&Th? place. Thefe plants profper beft in a leane barren foilc, 6 in vntoiled woody places: they are now & then found on high grounds, fubiebt to the winde,and vpon mountaines: they grovve plentifully in both the Germanics, Bohemia, andin diuers.places of France and Englande, namely in Middlefex on Hampfteed Heath, & the woods therto adioining, and alfo vpon the hilsin.Chefhire called Broxen hils, neere vntoBcefton caftle, 7.miles from the Nantwich; and in the wood bvHighgate called Fmchly woode,and in diners other places. The red Whortle berry groweth in Wcftmer- lad,at a place cal led Crofsby Rauenfwaitb ; where alio doth growe the Whortle with the white ber* ne,and in JLancafhire alfo vpon PeiicUe Ms. ft The 123s HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. * The time. The Whortleberries do flower in Maie,and theirfruite is ripe inlunc. •kThe names. Whortleberries are called in high Dutch in lowc Dutch Cra&CliEfi:Ct 1 ,bicaufe they make a certaine cracke whileft they be broken betweene the teeth, of diners ipati 0 CbCftCtttthe French men Air die, or Aurclie&s Iohannes dcChoulwntcth : and we in England Whortes, Whor » tie berries,Blacke Berrie<?,Bill Berries,and Bull Be.rries,and in fome places Winberries. Moft of the fhops of Germanie do call them Myrtilli , but properly Myrtillr are the fruite of the Myrtle tree,as the Apothecaries name them at this day. This plant hath no name for ought we can learne,either among the Greekes or auncientLatines: for whereas moft do take it to be Vit is idaa^ or the Corinth tree, which Piinie tonamcih Alexandria, itisvntrue; for Vitisld<e*is not onelie like to the common Vine, but isalfoa kindeof'Vine: and 7 heophrajlus who hath made mention heereofdoth call it without an epethete,«fw*M>f, (imply,as a little after we will declare: which with¬ out doubt he woulde not haue done, ifhe had founde it to differ from the common Vine. For whac things foeuer receiued a name of fome plant,the fame are expreft by fome epethite added,tffat they might be knewne to differ from others, as Lauras Alexandria,Vitis alba,Vitis nigra, Vittt fyluejirl^ and fuch like. Moreouer, thole things which haue borowed aname from fome plant, are like thereunto, if notwholy, yet either in leafe or fruite, or in fome other thing . Vitis alba genA nigra, that is to faic, the white and the blacke Bryonies, haue leaues andclafpingtendrels, as hath the common Vine; they alfo climbe after the fame maner: Vitisfyltieftru, or the wilde Vine,, hath liich like ftalkes as the Vine hath, and bringeth foorth fruite like to the little grapes : Lauras Alexandria , unde hame- daphne, and alfo Daphnoides, are like in leaues to the Laurell tree : Sycomorm is like in fruite to the Figge tree,and in leaues to the Mulberie tree : cham&drys hath the leafe of an Oke; Pcucedanus of the Pine tree: fo of others which haue taken their name from fome other. But this lowefhrub is not like the Vine,either in any part,or in any other thing. This Vttisld&a, groweth noton rhevppermoft and fiiowie parts of mount Ida ( as fome would haueit)but about Ida,eucn the hill Ida,not of Candy ,but of Troas in the lefter Aha,which Ptolemic in his fife booke of Geographic 3.chapter doth call Alexandra T rests,or Alexander his Troy.-wher- upon it is alfo aduifedly named of Piinie in his 14 booke 3_chapter VitisAlexandrinipio other wife then Alexandria a Lauras is faide o f T he op Ira feus to grow there: Lauras^. urnamed Alexandra a, and Ficus qu&damyyc a certaine Figge tree,and afnn\ot ,that is to fay, the Vine, are reported, faith he, / to grow properly about Ida. Like into thi s Vine are thole which Philo(Irat m in the life of Apolloni¬ us reportetn to growe in Mteonia, and Lydia, feituated not farre from Troy, comparing them to thole Vines which grow in India beyond Caucafosrthe Vines.faith he,be very like,as be thofe that growe therein Maeonia and Lydia, yet is the wine which is prefled out of them , of amamellous pleafant tafte. This Vine which groweth neere to mount Ida,is reported to belike a flirub,with little twigs and M branches ofthe length of a cubite,about which are grape's growing'aflope, blackc,ofthe bignes of a Beane, fweete, hailing within a certaine winie fubftance,fbft: the leafe of this is rounde, vneut, and little. 3 This is defcribed by Piinie in his i4.booke 3,chaptcr, almoftin the felfe fame words: It is Called faith he, Alexandriaa vitis, and groweth neere vnto Phalacra • it is fhort, with branches a cubite c long,with a blacke grape,of the bignes ofthe Latines Beane, with a fofc pulpe and very little, with very fweete ciufters growing aflope, and a little round leafe without cuts. And with this delcription the little fhrub which the Apothecaries of Germanie do call Myrtil- lum,d oth nothing at al agree,as it is very mamfeft;for it is low,fcarce a cubite high,with a few fhort branches,not growing to a cubite in length : it doth not bring foorth ciufters or bunches, nor yet fruite like vnto grapes, but berries like thofe of the Yew tree; not fvveete,but fomewhat fower and aftringent,in which alfo there are many little white flat feedes.-the leafe is not round,but more long then round,not like to-'that ofthe Vine,butof theBoxe tree. Moreouer it is thought that this is not found in Italy,Greece,or in the leffer Afia,for that Mathiolas affirmeth the lame to grow no where but in Germanie and Bohemia, fo farre is it from being called or accounted to b c Vitis id**, or Alexandria*. / The fruit of this may be thought not without caufe to be named Vaccinia, flth they are berries * for 1232 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE for they may be named of Btcc<e, berries. Vaccinia , as though they fhould be called Baccinia. Yet this letteth not but that there may alfo be other Vaccinia ; for Vaccinia is TmKymwu dtcho y or a worde ofdiucrs fignifications. Virgil in thefirdof his Bucolikes the tenth Eclogaflirmcth, that the writ¬ ten Hyacinth is named of tire Latines Vaccinium, translating into Latine Theocritus his verfe,which is taken out of hs io.Eidyl. Virgil. Et nigra Violajunt rjr Vaccinia nigra . Vitrnuim in the feuenth booke of his Architecture doth alfo diftinguifh Vaccinium from the VioIct,and fheweth that ofit is made a gallant purple, which feeing that the written Hyacinth can¬ not do, it muft needes be that this Vaccinium is another thing than the Hyacinth is, bicaufe it fer- ueth to giuc a purple die. plinic alfo in his jd.hcokc 1 8 . chapter hath made mention of Vaccinia , which are vfed to die bondflaues garments with,and to giue them a purple colour. But whether thefe be our Vaccinia or Whortleberries,it is hard to affirme,especially feeing that P//»/Vreckoneth vp Vacciwaavnong thofe plants which growe in watcric places ,but ours growe on mountaines,vpon high places liibiedt to windes, neither is it certainly knowen to growe in Ita- lie.Howfceuet it is,thefe our Whortles may be called Vaccinia,and do agree with plinies and Vitru « utm his Vaccinia ,bicaufe garments and linnen cloth may take from thefe a purple die. The red Whortle berries hauc their name from the blacke Whortles.to which they be in forme very like, and are called in Latine Vacciniaruhra : in high Dutch JROOtCt !l)£ltJEihecrC: inlowe Dutch jRooQC CtaHfccOfltt the French me n^Aurellcs rouges : they be named inEnglifh Red Whortes,or red Whortle berri cs,Conradus Gejneru a hath called this plant Vitis idaa rnhris acinis: but the growing of the berries dothfhew, that this doth far lefle,agree with Vitis idaa than the blacke: for they do not hang vpon the (ides of the branches as do the blacke (which deceased them that thought it to be Vitis idaajbut from the tops of the fprigs in cinders. As concerning the names cf the other, they are touched in their feuerall deferiptions. ie The temperature. Thefe Vaccinia of Whortle berrics,are colde euen in the later end of the fecond degree,and dric alfo with amanifeft adridlion or binding qualitie. Red Whortle berries are cold and drie, and alfo binding. The 'vertues. A The iuiccofthe blacke Whortle berries is boyled. till it become thicke, and is prepared or kept by adding horde and Sugar vntoit: the Apothecaries call it Rob, which, is preferred in all things before the rawc berries themfehtes. For many times whiled thefe be eaten or taken rawe, they are offenfiue to a vveake and cold domacke, and fo far are they from binding the belly, or flaying the laske>as that they alfo trouble the fame through their cold and rawe qualitie, which thing the boy- led iuice called Rob doth not any whit at all. £ They be good for an hot domacke, they quench third, they mitigate and alay the beate of hot burning agues,they flop the belly,they day vomiting,they cure the bloody flixe proceeding of cho- ler, and they helpe the fe!onie,or the purging ofcholer vp wards and downwards. q The people in Chefhire do eate the blacke Whortles in crearnc and milk, as in thefe fouth parts we eate Strawberries,which dap and binde the belly,putting away alfo the defire to vomit. D The red Whortle is not of fuch a pleafant fade as the blacke, and therefore not fo much vfed to be eaten,but(as I faid before)they make the faired carnation colour in the world. Offhrub Hartmort of AEthiopia . Chap. 70 . The defeription. T His kinde of Sefcly,being the Acthiopian Sefely ,hath blackifh dalkes ofa woodie fubdance; this plant dillidcth itfelfe into fundrie orher armes or branches, which are befet with thicke, fat,andoileous leaues, fafhioned foinwhat like the Woodbinde leaues, but thicker and more gumrmc,approching very neere vntothe leaues of Oleander both in fhape and fubdance,being of a deepe or darke grecne colour, and of a very good fauotir and finell, and continuerh greene in my garden both winter and lommer, like the Bay orLaurell. The flowers do growe at the top of the branches HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I2JJ branches in yellow nindies like vnto the Bowers of Dill; which being pad,there fucceedeth a dark or duskie feede refembling the feede of Fennell, and of abitter tafte. The roote is thicke and of a woodie fubftance. Sefeli AEthiopicumfiutex. Shrub Sefely,or Hartwoorc of Ethiopia. k Theph ace. It is founde both in (Ionic places, and on the (ca coafta not far from Marfiiles, and likewife in other places of Languedocke: italic groweth in Ethio¬ pia , in the daike and defart woods: it groweth in my garden. k The time. It flourilheth, ftowreth and feedqth in luly and Auguft. k The names. The Grecians call it h'ftumw cnW/: theLatines likewife AEthiqvicum Scjeli : the Egyptians wovos fe&cM,that is,Dogs horror ; in Englifh Sefelyof E- thiopia,or Ethiopian Hartwoort. k The temperature and vertues. Sefclyof Ethiopia is thought to haue the fame faculties that the Sefely of Marfiiles hath, where- vntolreferit. Of the Elder treee Qhap. 71 . k Thehindes. T Here be diuers forts of Elders, fomeof the land, andfomeof the water or marrifti grounds j fbmc with very iagged leaues,and other with double flowers,as fhall be declared. k The description. I '’‘T’’ He common Elder groweth vp now and then to the bignes of a meane tree, calling his I boughes all about, and oftentimes remaineth a fhrub; the bodie is almoft all woodie, ha¬ wing very little pith within, but the boughes and elpecially the yoong ones which be ioin- ted ,are full of pith within,and haue but little wood without: the barke of the bodie and great armes is rugged and full of chinks, and of an ill fauored wan colour like afhes: that of the boughes is not fmooth ,but in colour almoft like,and that is the outward barke ;for there is another vnder it neerer to the wood,of colour greene: the fub (lance of the wood is (bund Somewhat yellow, and that may be eaflly cleft: the leaues confift of flue or fixe particular ones faftened to one rib, like thofe of the Walnut tree, buteuery particular one is lefler, nicked in theedges, and of a ranfee and (linking fmcll. The flowers growc on fpoked rundles, which be thin and fcattered, of a white colour ana (weetefmell: after them growe vp little berries, greene at the firfr, afte.wards blacke, whereoutis prefled a purple iuice, which being boyled with Allom and fuch like things/Soth (erne very well for the Painters vfe,as alfo to color vineger: the feeds in thefe are a little flat,and fornwhat Jong.Therc groweth oftentimes vpon the bodies of thofe olde trees orfhrubs a certaincexcreicence called Auricula Juda, or Iewe s earc, which is (oft, blackifh, couered with a skin, fomewbat like now and then to a mans earc, which being plucked offand dried, fbrinkethtogither and beeommeth hard. This Elder groweth euerie where,and is the common Eider. 1 Samhuctsti h34 the third booke of the I Samhucus, The common Elder tree. 3 Sambucus racemofi,velCeruinn . Harts Elder,or Clufter Elder. 2 Sambucm Lac ini Aik folijs ♦ The iagged Elder tree. # The defer ipt ion. There is another alio which is rare and ftrange, for the berries of it arc not blacke, but white: this is like in Ieaues to the former. 2 The iagged Elder tree groweth like the com¬ mon Elder in bodie,branches, fhootes, pith,flow¬ ers, fruit and (linking fmell, and differeth onely in the fafhion of the Ieaues, which doth fo much diC guife the tree,and put it out of knowledge, that no man would take it for a kinde of Elder,vntil he hath fmelt thereunto , which will quickly (hew from whence he is defeended : for thefe ftrange Elder Ieaues are very much iagged,rent or cut euen vnto the middle rib. From the trunk of this tree as from others of the fame kinde, proceedeth a certaine flefhie excrelcence like vnto the eare of a man, elpecially from thofe trees that are very old. 3 This kinde of Elder hath flowers which are whitp, but the berries red, and both are not con¬ tained in fpoked rundles ,but in clufters,and growe after the manner of a clufter of grapes, in Ieaues and other things it refeinbleth the common Elder, faue that now and then it groweth higher. The place* The common Elder groweth euery where: it is planted aboutconieburrowes forthe fhadoweof the HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1235 the Conies ;but that with the white berries is rare: the other kinds-gfc-w in like placesjbut that with the cluftered fruit groweth vpon mountainesj that with the iagged Ieaues groweth in my garden, & The time. Thefe kinds of Elders do flower in Aprill and Maie,and their fruite is ripe in September. •fr The names. This tree is called in Grceke in Latine and of the Apothecaries Samkucus: of GuUielmm'Ssh licetus.Beza'. in high Dutch ^OlUttUCt i) 0 it 3 £C: in lowe Dutch : in Italian. Samhuco: in French HuszndSuin: in Spanifh Sauco, Bauch, Sambugueyro: in Englifh Elder , and Elder tree : that with the white berries diuers would haue to be called Samhucusfylucjlrii , or wilde Elder,but UWatbtoltss calleth it Montana^ or Mountaine Elder. The temperature and virtues. Galen attributeth the like faculty to Elder that he dothtoDanewoort, and faiththat it is of a A drying quality, gluing, and moderately digefting: & it hath not onely thefe faculties,but others al. fo 5 for the barkes,Ieaues, the firft buds, flowers, and fruit of Elder, do not onely drie, but alfo heat, and haue withall a purging quality,but not without trouble and hurt to theftomacke. The Ieaues and tender crops of commonElder taken in fome broth, or pottage, openeth the B belly,purging both flimie flegme and cholericke humours: the middle barke is of the fame nature, but ftrongcr,and purgeth the Laid humours more violently. • The feedes contained within the berries dricd,are good for fuch as haue the dropfie, and fuch as C are too fat,and would faine be leaner, if they be taken in a morning to the quantitie of a dram with wine for a certaine fpace. The Ieaues of Elder boiled in water vntill they be very foft, and when they are almoft boyled D inough,a little oile offweet Almonds added thereto, or a little Linefeed oile, then taken forth and laide vpon a red cloth,or a peece of fcarlet, and applied vnto the Hemorrhoides or Piles, as hot as can be fuffered,and fo remaine vpon the part affeded, vntill it be fomewhat colde, halting the like in areadines, applying one after another vpon thedifeafed part, by the fpace of an hower or more, and in the end fome boundc to the place, and the patient warme a bed: it hath not as yet failed at the firft drefltng,tocure the faid difeafe,but if the patient be dreflfed twife, it muft needcs do good,if the firft fade. The greene Ieaues pouned with Deeres foct,or Buis tallow,are good to be laide to hot fwellings E and tumours,and doth affwage the paine of the gout. The inner and greene barke doth more forcibly purges itdrawetbfoorth chelerand waterie F humours; for which caufo it is good for thofe that haue the dropfie, being ftamped and the liquor prefled out is drunke with wine or whay. Oflike operation are alfo the frefh flowers mixed with fome kinde of meate,as fried with egges : G theylikewife troublethe belly and mooucto the ftoole; beingdried they lofe as welltheir pur¬ ging qualitie as their moifture,and retaine the digefting and attenuating qualitie. The vineger in which the dried flowers are fteeped, is wholefome for theftomacke: being vfod II with meate it ftirreth vp an appetite, it cutteth and attenuateth or maketh thinne grofle and rawe humours. Thefacultie of the feeds is fomewhat gentler then that of the other parts: it alfomooueth the I belly,and dravveth foorth waterie humours, being beaten to powder and giuen to a dragm waight: being new gathered, fteeped in vineger, and afterwards dried,it is taken,and that effectually with a like waight of the dried lees of wine,and with a few Annis feeds; for fo it worketh without any man¬ ner of trouble, and helpeth thofe that haue the dropfie. But it muft be giuen for certaine daies rogi- ther with a little wine,to fuch as haue neede thereof. The gelly ofthe Elder,otherwile called Iewes cares,hath a binding and drying qualitie.-the infu- {£ fion thereof in which it hath been fteeped a fewe bowers,taketh away inflammations of the mouth, and almonds of the throte in the beginning, if the mouth and throte be wafhed therwith,and doth in like manor helpe the Vuula. Diofcondcs faith,that the tender and greene Ieaues of the Elder tree wfthbarly meale parched, L doth remooue hot fwellings, and is good for thofe that are burnt or foalded, and for fuch as be bit¬ ten with a mad dog,and that they glcw and heale vp hollow vlcers. The pith of the yoong boughes is without qualitic,this being dried and fomewhat prefled or qua- M fhed togithei jis good to lav open the narrow orifices or holes of fiftulaes & iflues,ifit be put therin. Of ; THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Of <SMarrijh or water Elder. Cbap.yz. I Sawbucm Afiitiliifiuspaltttfrii. Marrifh or water Elder. 2 StwhucmRo/ea. The Rofe Elder. & The defiyiption. Arrifh Elder is not like to the corn- | inon Elder in leaues,but in boughes: ids much lower, and groweth after themannerofafhrubjthe boughes are conered with abarkeof an ill fauoured Afh colour,as be thofeef the common Elder 5 they are fet with iointsby cerrainc diflances, andhaiieinthem great plentie of white pith, therefore they haue Idle wood,which is white and brittleahe leaues be broad, cornered, like aimed to Vine leaned but Idler and fofter: among which come foorth fpeked rundles, that bring foorth little flow¬ ers , the vttermofl: whereof al ngft the bor¬ ders be greater,of a gallant white colour, euery little one confining of hue leaues ; the other in the middeft and within the borders be fmaller, andflowreth by degrees, and the whole tuft is of a inoft fweet fmeJ,after which come the fruit or berries, that are round like thofe of the com¬ mon Elder,but greater, and of a fhining red co¬ loured blacke when they be withered. 5 Samhuctis Rofeafloyc parpttr ante. T be Role Elder with the purplifh flowers.’ $elhe description. 1 Ambuctu Rofea or the Elder Rofe,groweth like an hedge plant, or hedge tree, hauing many ^knottie branches and fhootes comming from the roote,fuIlofpith like the common Elder.- the leaues are like the Vine leaues; amongft which come foorth goodly flowers of a white colour,fprinckled or dafhed heere and there with a light and thinne carnation colour, & do growe thi eke, and clofely compadt togither, in quantitie and bulke of a mans handes, or rather bigger,of great beautie,and fauoring like the flowers of the Hawthorne; but in my garden there groweth not any fruit vpon this tree, nor in any other place, whereof as yet I haue any vnderflanding or know¬ ledge. 2 This kind is likewife an hedge tree,verie like vnto the former in (hikes and branches.which are iointed & knotted by diftances,and it is full of white pith : the leaues be likewife cornered: the flo¬ wers heerof grow not out offpokie rundles,but ftand in a round,thickc and globed tuft, in bignefle alfo and fafhion like to the former,fauing that they tende to a deeper purple colour. 7 he place . SambucuipaluJlrzsjhc water Elder,groweth by running ftreames and water courfes, and in hed¬ ges by moift ditch fides. TheRofe Elder groweth in gardens,and the flowers are there doubled, by Art as it is thought. The time. Thefe kinds ofElders do flower in Aprill and Maie; and the fruite of the water Elder is ripe in September. The names. - ... The water Elder is called in Latine SambttCM aquatic*, and Sawbucus palujlrii: it is called Opulus , and Platanus , and alfo Chamaplatanm , or the Dwarffe Plane tree,but not properIy;r^/<?r/- U 4 Cordui maketh it to be Lycoftapbylos : the Saxons,faith Gejner,do call it Vua Lupina ; from whence Cordw inuented the name : it is named in high Dutch QiHaltljOlDirj and Jpftiicf) fjGfDer X in lowe Dutch ^M3elc£en> and ^lBdC&Qf)OUt ♦ of certaine French men Obiere: inHnglifli Ma¬ nila Elder, and Whitten tree,Ople tree,and Dwarffe Plane tree. The Role Elder is called in Latine Sambucus Rofcapend Sambucua aquatica, being doubtleflc a kind of the former water Elder, the flowers being doubled by Art as we haue faide: it is called in Dutch Eoofe: in EnglifhGeldersRofe,andRofe Elder. & The temp'rature andvertues. Concerning the faculties of thefc Elders, and the berries of the water Elder, there is nothing found in any writer,neither can we fet downe any thing heerof of our owne knowledge. Of Dane woort > JVale woorte, or Dwarffe Elder. Chap.y 3 . •fcThedefcripthn. D Anewoort as it is not a fhrub, neither is it altogitheranherby plant, but as it were a plant participating of both,being doubdeffe one of the Elders as may appeere both by the leaues, fiower.s,and fruite,as alfo by the (inell and tafte. Walewoort is very like vnto Elder in leaues, fpoked tufts, and fruite ; but it hath not a woodie ftalke:it bringeth foorth onely greene ftalkes which wither away in winter; thefe are edged and ful ofioints, like to theyoong branches and fhootes of Elder: the leaues growe by couples, with di- ftances,wide,and confift of many (mail leaues, which ftande vpon a thicke ribbed fhlke, of which cuery one is long,broad,and cut in the edges like a fawe, wider and greater then the leaues of the common Elder tree: at the top of the ftalkes there grow tufts ofwhite flowers , which turne into blacke berries like the Elder, in which be little long feede: the roote is tough, and of a good and teafonablelengthjbctterforphifickc vfes then therootes ofElder. L111 x * labnlm 3 8 THE THI.RD BOOKE OF THE Ebtihtsjitte Simbuem humilis. Dane woort.or dvvarfe Elder. ft The place. Dane woort groweth in vntoyled places neere common waies,andin the borders of fieldes:ic groweth plentifullyat the lane by Kilburiie Abbey by London: alfo in a field by S. Iones neer Dart- ford in Kent, and' alfo in the high way at olde Brainfordtowncs ende next London,,and many other places. ft The time J The flowers are perfe&ed in fommer, and the berries in Autumne. ft The names. It is named in Greeke that is, Uumilu SambiictM, or lowe Stder : it is called in Latine Ebultu and Ebulum ; in high Dutch X in lowe Dutch > in Italian Ebulo : in French Hieble - in SpanilTi Tezgosdn Englifh Wall wort, Dane woort 3 and dvvarfe Elder. ft The temperature. Wall woort is of temperature hot and drie in the third degree, and ofa lingular qualitie, which Galen doth attribute vnto it, to wafte and con- fume, and alfo it hath a ftrangeand efpeciall fa- cultie to purge by the ftoole : the rootes be of greateft force, the leaues haue the chiefeft ftrength to digeft and conflime. ft Tl evertues. The rootes of Wall woort boyled in ivineand drunken,are good againft the dropfie, for they purge downwards waterifh humors. B The leaues do confume and wafte away hard fweilings, if they be applied pultufwife, or in a fo- mentation,or bath. C Diojcorides faith , that the rootes of Wall woort, doe foftep and open the matrix, and alfo cor- retleth the infirmities thereof, ifthey be boyled for a bath to fit in, and diffolueth the fweliings and paines or the belly. X) The iuice of the roote of Dane woort doth make the haire blacke. £ The yoong and tender leaues doth quench hot inflammations, being applied with Barly meale 5 that ft is with good fucceffelaycl vpon burnings, fcaldings,and vpon thebitings of mad dogs; and that with Buis tallow,or Goatcs fuet it is a remedic for the gowte. „ p The feed of Wall woort drunke in the quantitie of a dram, is the moft excellent purger of wate¬ rifh humors in the wor!d,and therefore moft Angular againft the dropfie. Q Ifonefcrupleof the feede be brufed and taken with firtipe of Rofes and a little Secke, itcureth the dropfie,and eafeth the gowte,mjghtiIy purging downwards waterifh humors,being taken once in the weeke. Of "Beane Brefoyle . Cbap.y . 4 .; ft The defeription. E *HpHe firft kinde ofiAnagyri* Laburnum , groweth like vnto a finalltree, garnifhed with ma¬ ny fmall branches,like the ihootes of Oziars,iet full of pale greene leaues,alwaies three to- gfther,like the or Medow Trefoile, or rather like the leaues o i Vitex, or the Cytifus bufh:afnong which come foorth many tufts of flowers,of a yellow colour, not much vnlike the flo¬ wer s of Broome: when thefe flowers be gone,there fucceede fmall flat cods, wherein are conteined feedes like Galega,or the Cityfus bufh: the wholeplant hath little fauour or noneat all : the roote is foft and gentle,yet of a woodie ftibftance, , ,. J 2 Stinking HISTORIE OF PLANTS, Saji 2 Stinking Trefoile is a fhrub like to a little tree, riling vp to the height oflixe or eight cubits, or {ometimes higher: itfcndeth foorth of the ftalktrs very mahy (lender branches 3 the barke whereof is of a deepe greenecolour: the leaues (land alwaies three togither,Iike thole of Lotrn or mcdowe Trefoilc,yct of a lighter greeneon the vpperfide: the flowers be long,as yellow as gold, very like to thole of Broome,two or three alfo ioined togither:after them come vp broad codSjtvherin do lie hard fruit like Kidney beanes,butLelTer,atthe firftwhitejafterwards tending to a purple, and laflof all of a blackifh blew: the leaues and flowers heerof haue a filthie lmell 3 like thofe.of the (linking Glaaen,andfo ranke withall,as euen the very palfers by are annoied therewith. I y^Anagyris. Beane Trefoile. -7 2 i^Anagyris fceticta. Stinking Beane Trefoile. ft T he p/ace. Thcfe grew of themfelues in moll places of Languedocke and Spaine, and in other countries alio by high way lides,as in the He of Candie,as Bellonitu teftifieth: the hi ft I haue in my garden;the other is a ftrangcr in England. The time. They flower in Iune 3 and the feed is ripe in September* *&Tke names. The Beane Trefoile is called in Greeks a V«>ve<f,which name remaineth vneortupf in Candy euefl to this day: in Latineallo An.igyris, and Laburnum: of a people called -Ananienfes, named Eghelo, which is referred vnro Laburnum. of which Pliny vvriteth in his 1 d.booke 18.chap.in Englifli Beane Trefoile,or the Pealcod tree. ft The temperature. Beane Trefoile,as Galen writeth, hath a hot and digefting facultie* ft The vertues. The tender leaues faith D/<yc.bcing damped,& laid vpon cold fwe!lings,do wafte away the fame. They arc drunke with Cure in the weight of a dram againft: the Huffing ofthe lungs,and to bring downe the menles,the birth,and tire afterbirth. They cure the headach being drunke with wine 3 the iuice ofthe roote digefteth andripeneth, if the leedebe eaten it procurethvomite,which thing as ylT^/e/^writeth, the (cede not onely of (linking Beane Trefoile doth eifedt .but that alfo of the other hkewife. Lin a of THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Offudas tree * (fhap. 75 . k^frbcr Juda. Iudas tree. k The description. I Vdas treeislikewife one of the hedge plants: it groweth vp vnto a tree of a reafonablc big- ncs 3 couered with a darke coloured barke, whereon do growe many twiggie tough bran¬ ches of a browne colour , garmllied with round leaues , like thofe of rounde Birthwoort , or Sowebread, but harder, and of a deeper greene colour: among which come foorth fmall flowers like thofe of Pealon, ofa purple colour, mixed with red,which turne into long flat cods,preflTed hard togither,of a tawnicor wan colour, where¬ in is contained fmall flat feedes, like the X-entill, or rather like :he feed of Medica/afhioned like a little kidneyitheroote is great and woodic. k 7heplace. Thisfhrub is founde in diners prouinces of Spainc,in hedges, and among briers and bram¬ bles : themountaincs of Italy,and the fieldes of Languedocke are not without this fhrub„• it gro¬ wer'll in my garden. k The time. The flowers come foorth in the fpring,&be¬ fore the leaues: the fruite or cods be ripe in fom- mer. k The names. It is commonly named in Latine Arbor Iuda: feme haue called it Sycomorm, or Sycomore tree, and that bicaufe the flowers & cods hang down from the bigger branches: but the right Sycomore tree is like the figge tree in fruit.and in leaues tc the Mulbsric tree 3 whereupon it isYo named. Others rake it to be of which Theophrajhu wri- teth thus, Cercis bringeth foorth fruite in a cod;which words are all fo fcwe 3 as that of this no cer- taintie can be gathered, for there be more fhrubs that bring foorth fruit in cods. The French met call it Guainicr , as though they fhoulde fay VagtnuU ,, ora little fheath : moftof the Spaniards dc name it ^Algorouo loco, that i s^Ssliqua fylue (lris.osfatna , wild e or foolifh cod,others e Arbold' amor. for the brauenes fake : it may be called inEnglifh Iudas tree, whereon Judas did hang himfeife 3 ane notvpon the Elder tree 3 asitis faide. k The temperature and vertues. The temperature and vertues olthis fhmh are vnknowne,andnot found out: forwheras Mathi - dm makeih this to be Acacia, by adding falfely thornes vnto it, it is but a furmife. Of the (far oh tree,or Saint Johns bread. Chapr/ 6. Te The difeript ion. T He Carobtrecis alio one of the fhrubs that beare cods; itisa tree ofa middle bienes, verie full of boughes: the leaues long, and confift of many fet togither vpon one middle rib, like thofe of die Afh, but cuety particular one of them is broader,harder,and rounder: rhe fruite or long cods in feme places arc a foote in length, in other places fhorter by halfe: an inch broadc, fmooth, & thick,in which do lie flat and broad feeds; the cods themfeiues areofalweete tafte,and are eaten of diuers,but not before they be new gathered and dried; for being as yet greene though ripe,they are vnplcafant to be eaten by rcafon oftheir ill fauoured tafte. Cer atia HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1241 Ceratiafliqua fiue Ceratonia. The Carob tree. tfr The pla ce. This groweth in Apulia, a prouincc of the king- dome of Naples, & alfo in drjers vntoiled places in Spaine:it ishkewifefour.de in India and other countries eaftwardc , where the cods are lo full of fweet iuice as that it is vied to preferue Ginger and other fruites,as Mathiolm fheweth. Strabo libr . 1*5^ faith, that Ariflobulm reporteth how there is a tree in India of no great bignes,which hath great cods, ten inches long, full of hony 5 Quas qut ederint non facile y?r#4r/jwhich thing peraduenture is onely to be vnderftoodeofthcgrecnecods, andthofe that arc not as yet diyrit is very well known in the coafts of Nicca & Liguria in Italy, as alfo in all the tracts and coaftes of the weft Indies,& Vcrginia. It gro¬ weth alfo in fundry places of Paleftina,where there is fuch plenty of it,that it is left; vnto fwine &: other wilde beads to feedc vpon,as our acornes &beech maftc. Moreouer,both yoong & old do feed there¬ on for pleafure,& fome haue eaten therof to fupply and helpe the neceftary norifhment of theirbodies. r I his of fome is called S Johns bread, and thought to be that which is tranflated Locuft s, whereon S. Iohn did feed when he was in the wildernes,befidcs the wilde hony wherof he did alfo eate ;but there is fmall certainty of this : but moftcertaine, that the people of that courrtrcy do feede vpon thefecods, in Greek called Kt/J.-na. : in Latin Siltqua: but S Johns food is calledin Greek, which word is often vfed in the Reuclation,written by S./o^and tranflated Locufts. Now we muft alfo remember that this Greeke wordc hath two feuerall interpretations or fignifications, for taken in the good part, it fignifieth a kind of creeping creature ,or flie,which hoppeth and skippeth vp & down,as doth the grafhopperjof which kind of creatures it was lawfull to ea te^Leuit. 1 1,2 2. Math.^.q.lt fignifieth alfo thofe Locufts which cam out of the fmoakeof thebottomles pit,mentioned Apoc.yyv.^^.^ic. which were like vnto horfes prepared for battell.The Hebrue worde which the Englifh tranflators haue turned grafhoppei s;7>r>»<r///fcs dares not giue the name Locusi vnto it,but calleth it by the He¬ brue name Aruu^htt the,letters and Hebrue name.faying thus in thenotevpon the 22.verf.ofthe 1 i.chap.of Leuit. Thefe kindes of creeping things neither the Hebriies nor the Hiftoriographers, nor our felues do know what they mcanc:wherefoie wc ftill retaine the Hebrue words, for all the4. kinds thereof: but it is certainc that the eaft coun trey grafhoppers and Locufts were their meate, as Mxth.'iA&L Marc.i.6. Plin UbM.natur.hiflor.cap.26. &2p.Thus farre 7 re melius and Iunius* By that which hath been faid it appeereth what Si John the Baptift fedde of, vnder the title Locufts : and that it is nothing like vnto this fruit Ceratiafiliqna. I rather take the husks or fhels of the fruite of this tree,to be the cods or husks whereof the prodigall childe woulde haue fedde ,but none gaue them vnto him,though the Swine had their fill therof.Thefe cods being dry are very like bean cods} as I haue often feen J haue fowen the feeds in my garde where they haue profpered exceeding wel. -ft 7he time. The Carob trce’bringeth foorth fruite in the beginning of thefpring, which is not ripe till Au- tumne. & The names. The Carob tree is called in Latine likewife Ceratonii : in Spanifh Garouo: in Englifh Ca¬ rob tree,and offome beane tree,and S John bread. The fruit or cod is named yjcpJjiov ■ in Latine Sili- qux, or S;k qua dulcis : in diuers fhops Xylocarcla:\n other fhops in Italy Carohe , or Carob ole : of the Apothecaries in Apulea Salcqua : it is called in Spanifh Alfarobas , or x^Algaroiiits , and without an article Garcuas: in high Dutch ^>. 3 ( 0 l)tind f^Ot?thatis to foy^Santfi Iohan.panii, or $ Johns bread, neither is it knowne by any other name in the lowe countries: fome call it in Englifh Carob. Llll 3 ~ -&Th$ 1234 the third booke of the £ The temperature. The Carob tree is dry and aftringent, as is alfo the fruite, and containeth in it a certaine fweete- nc s,as Galen faith. - k The vertues. A The fruite of the Carobe tree eaten when it is greene,doth gently loofe the belly; but being dry, it is hard of digeftiotgand ftoppeth the belly 3 it prouoketh vrine, it is good for the ftomacke, and nourifheth well,and much better then when it is greene and frefh. O/^Cafsiafiftula^r TuddingTipe. Cbap.jj. Cafia fitful a. Pudding Pipe tree. k The defeription. C Afeapurgatrix, or Cafeiafifiula, groweth Vp to be a faire tree, with a tough barke like lea- ther 3 of the colour of Boxe, wherupon fome haue fiippofedittotake the Greeke name KaVt?: in Latine Coriacem : the armes and branches of this are (mall and limber, befet with many goodly leaues 3 like thofe of the Wall nut tree : among which come foorth ftnall flowers of a yeliowe co¬ lour, compact or confining of fixe little leaues, like the flowers of chelidonmminus , or Pile-woort: after thefebe vaded 3 there fucceede goodly blacke round 3 long cods, wherof fome are two foot long, and of a woodiefubftance^ inthefe codsiscon- tained a blacke pulpe, very iweeteand foft, of a pleafant tafte,and feruing to many vfes in Phifick, in which pulpe lieth the leede couched in little cels or partitions: this leede is fiat and brownifh, not vnlike the feed of Ceratia Sil/gua, and in other refpeef s very like vnro it allb. • ii The pi nee. This tree groweth much in Egypr, efpecialh'e about Memphis and Alexandria, &m6ft parts of Baibary 3 and is a Granger in thele parts of Europe. ii The time. The Calfia tree groweth greene winter and fom- mer: it fheddeth his old leaues when new are com, bymeanes whereof it is ncuervoide of leaues :it flowreth earcly in the fpring 3 and the fruite is ripe in Autumne. kT he names. This tree was vnknowne to the olde writers , or lo little accounted of, as that they haue made no mention of it at al: the Arabians were the firft that efteemed of it 3 by reafon they knew the vie of the pulpe 3 which is found in the Pipesrand after them the later Grecians, as Atfarius & other of his time,by whom it was named ^ uircuva., that is ro fay in Latine 3 c^ nigra .The fruite thereof faith Atfuanm in his fift booke, is like a long pipe, hailing within it a thicke humour or moiflure,which is notcongcaled ail alike thorow the pipe,but is feparated and diuided with many partitions,being thinne woody skins. The Apothecaries call it Cafia fifinla ,and with a double (f Cafeiafijtuta: it is cal¬ led in Englifh after the apothecaries word,Calfiafiftu!a,& may alfo be Englifhed Pudding Pipe,bi- eaufe the cod or pipe is like a pudding: but the old Caflia fiftiila,or<n/e/>| in Greeke,is that fweete & odoriferous barke that is rolled togither,alter the maner of a long & round pipe,now named ol the Apothecaries Carnlla, which they vfe in fteed of the right Cinamome,but deceitfully. 'k The temperature. Thepulp'e of this Pipe which is chiefelyin requeft, is moift in the latter ende of the firft degree, tic more then temperately hot. i; r ihe dUiu VM 1245 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. it The vertues. ThepuIpeoto^j^«/4extrad ? with violet water, isamoftfweete and pleafant medicine, and \ may be giuen without danger to all weake people ofwhat age and fexe foeuer they be;vea it may be miniftred td women with childe/or it gently purgeth cholericke humours and flimie flegme, if it be taken the; vy a ight of an ounce. t • Cafia is good for fuch as be vexed with hot agues, plcurifies, iaundife, or any other inflammati- B on of the Iiuer,being taken as afore is fhewed. vV' Capa is good for the raines and kidnei$Sj driueth foorth grauell and the done, especially if it be C mingled with the deco&ion of Parfley,and Fennellrootes,and drunkc. It purgeth and purificth the bloud, making it more cleane then before, breaking therewith the D acrimonieand fharpnesof the mixture of bloud and choler togither. It diflolueth all phlegmons and inflammations of the breff, lungs, and the rough artery, called E ii/Nw, eafing thofe parts exceeding well. .e^yfM&.bateth the vehemeneje of third in agues,or any hot difeafe whatfoeuer,efpecially.ifit be p taken with the iuice of JntybumCichpreum, or Solanrm, depured according.to Art; it abateth alio the intemperate heate of the raines,ifit be receiued with diuretick fimples,or with thedecodfion of Licorice oncly,& vvil not differ the flone to grow in fuch perfons as do receiue & vfe this medicine. yThebeftc*/#* foryourvfe,istobetakenoutofthe mod full, mod: heauy, and faired cods, or Q canes,and thole which do fhine without,and are full of foft pulpe within ;that pulpe which is newly taken foorth is better then that which is kept in boxes ,by what Art foeuer. Cap! a being outvvartly applied,ittaketh away the roughaes of the skin,and being laide vpon hot H fwellmgSjit bringeth them to fuppuration. Many Angular compounded medicines are made with this Capa, which heere to recite belong- j ethnottomypurpofeorhiftory. v r . ^ P . .. * • r * // : ? r ■ Of the Lentis\epr * 5 MaJlic!$e tree Chap.yR. ,;t ■ it The defer ip eon. T He Madicke tree groweth commonly like a fhrubbe without any great body, rifingvp - with many fprings& lhoots like the Halell; and oftentimes it is of the height and bignesofa mean tree; the boughes therofare tough, & flexi¬ ble 5 the barke is of a yellowifh red colour, pliable ' likewife, & hard to be broke: there dand vpon one rib for thefnod part 8.!e aues, fet vpon a middle rib, much like to the leaues of Licorice, but hat- * der,of a deepe greene colour y Sc oftentimes fome- what redin the brims,as alfo hailing diners vaias running along of a red colour, and fomething drong of finekthe flowers be moflie, and grow in cluders vpon long dems: after them come vp the berries, of thebignes of Vetches, greene at the drd,afterwarde$ of a purple colour,and lad cfati blacke/at and oilie,with a hard black done with¬ in; the kernellwhereofis white,of which alfo is madeoile, 2 sDrofcortdesw\x.u^c&[ : it bringeth foorth likewife codsbefldcs the fruit (which may rather be termed an excrefcence,then a cod)wn- thed like a horn; in which lieth at the firft a liqor, & afterwards when this waxeth dale,little lining thinges like vnto gnats, as in the Turpentine homes,and in the folded leaues of the Elme tree* There commeth foorth of the Madicke tree a Rofen,but dry,called Madicke. LIU 4 ii The ■44 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE iel he place. The Mafticke tree groweth in many regions,as in Syria,Candy,ItaIy,Languedocke,and in moft prouinces of Spainerbut the chiefeft is in Chios an Hand in Greece,in which it is diligently and Jpe- dally looked vnto,and that for the Mafticke fake,which is there gathered from the husbanded Ma¬ fticke trees by the inhabitants euery veere moft carefully , and is Tent from thence into all parts of the worlde. *k The time. The flowers be in their pride in the fpring time,and the berries in Autumne: the Mafticke muft be gathered about the time when the grapes be. ie The names. This tree is named in Gr^eke^Vsf: in Latine Lentifcus : in Italian Lentifyue: in Spaniih Mata,and i^Arcoyra: in Englifh Mafticke tree,and of fome Lentiske tree. ;; / The Rofen is called in Greeke fnpni %yin , and^sf#; in Latine Lentifcina Rejina , and likewile Ma- fliche: in (hops t Majllx: in Italian CMaftlce ? in high and lowe Dutch and French alfo MaHic: in Spanifh ^AlmaIilga,MaJlech, and ^Almecega • in Englifh Mafticke. Clufmw riteth,that the Spaniards cal the oiic that is prefled out of the berries ^A&eytedcMata. The temperature. The leaues ,barke,and gums of the Mafticke tree,are of a mcane and temperate heat, and are dry in the lecond degree 3 andlbmwhat aftringent. it The vertues. A The leaues and barkeof the Mafticke tree ftoppethelaske, the bloudy flixe, the (pitting of bloud,the piffing of bloud,and all other fluxes of bloud :they are alfo good againft the falling fick- nefie,the falling downe of the motherland commingfoorth of the fundament. B The gum Mafticke hath the fame vertue 5 if i t be relented in wine,and giuen to drinke. C Mafticke chewed in the mouth is good for the ftomacke , ftaieth vomitc, increafeth appetite, comforteth the brailles,ftaieth the falling downe of rheumes and waterie humours, and maketh a fweetc breath. D The fame infufed in Role water 3 is excellent to wafli the mouth withall, to fallen Ioole teeth,and to comfort the iawes. E The fame fpred vpon a peece of leather or veluet,and laide plaifterwife vpon the temples, ftaieth the rheume from falling into the iawes and teeth,and eafeth the paines thereof. F It preuaileth much againft vlcers and woundes, being put into digeftiues and healing Vn- guents. G It draweth flegme foorth of the head gently and without trouble. H It is alfo vfed in waters which ferue to clenfe and make faire the face with. I The deco&ion of this filleth vp hollow vlcers with fiefh if they be bathed therewith. K It knitteth broken bones,ftaieth eating vlcers 3 and prouoketh vrinc. Of the Turpentine Tree . Q* a 1?'7-9' H* Thedefcription. i / HHHe firft Turpentine tree groweth to the height of a tall and faire tree, hauing many long h boughes or branches dilperled abroad,befet with long leaues, confiding of fundrie other fin all leaues,each whereof refembleth the Baieleafe,growing one againft another vpon a little ftem or middle rib 3 like vnto the leaues of the Afhe tree: the flowers be (mall and reddifh gro¬ wing vpon cluftcrs, or bunches like grapes, that turne into rounde berries, which attheir begin¬ ning are greene afterwards reddifh ^ but being ripe waxe blacke,clammie, full of fat,and oileous in iubftance,andofapleafantlauour: this plant bearethanemptiecodde, or crooked home fome- whaireddifh,whercin arc found frnall flies, wormes or gnats,bred andingendred ofacertaine hu > morons matter, which cleaueth to the inner fides of the faid cods or homes, which wormeshaue not any phyficall vie at all. The right Turpentine iftiieth out of the branches of thefe trees ,ifyou do cut or wound them, the which is faire and clcere, and better than that which is gathered from the barkc of the Firre tree. 2 The i HlSTORlE OF PLANTS, 1245 2 Thefecond kinde of Turpentine tree is very like vnto the former, but that it groweth not fo greatjyet thcdeaues are greater and broader, and of the famefafhion, but very like to theleaues of the Piftacia uee.The berries are firft of a fcarlet colour, and when they be ripe ofa skie colour. The great horned cods are fharpe pointed,and iomwhat cornered,confifting as it were of thefubftance ofgriftles. And out of thofe horned bladders being broken, do creepeand come (mail flies or gnats, bred of a fuliginous excrements, and ingendred in thofe bladders. The tree doth alfo yeeld his Turpentine by dropping like the former. I Terebixtbui. 2 Terebinthm latifo/ta. The Turpentine tree. The broad leafed Turpentine tree. it The glace. Thefe trees growc,as Diofcorides faith,in Iurie, Syria, Cyprus, Affrike , and in the Hands called Cyclades. BeLontus reporteth that there are found great (lore of them in Syria and Cilicia, and are brought from thence to Damafcus to be f o\d.Clu/i(u faith that itgtoweth ofit felfe in Languedock, and in very many places of Portingale and Spaine, but for the moft part like a fhrub, and without bearing Turpentine. Tbcophratfus writeth that it groweth about the hill Ida, and in Macedonia, fliort,in maner of a fliruband writhed 5 and in Damafcus and Syria, great, in manner of a fmalltree: he alfo ferteth dawne a certaine male Turpentine tree and a female: the male,faith he, is barren, and the female fruitfull. Andofthefehemakeththe onewith a berrieredatthefirft, ofthe bignesofa Lentill, which cannot come to ripenesjand the other with the fruit greene at the firft,afterwards fomewhat of a yellowifh red, and in the end blacke, waxing ripe in the fpring, of the bignes of the Grecians Beane, and rofenie. He alfo writeth of a certaine Indian Turpentine tree, that is to fay, a tree like in boughes and leaues to the right Turpentine tree,but differing in fruit,which is like vnto Almonds. it The time. The flowers of the Turpentine tree come foorthinthe fpring togither with the new buds: the berries 3 2 4^ THE THIRD BOOK EOF THE' and 0a ° ber inthetilneof s^heriag. The homes appeere $• The names. This tree is called in Greeke 7^9©-, and alfo many times W s6V0©- : in Latine Terebinth ™. Italian Tenbmho : m Spanifh Ornmbr* : in French Terebmte : in Englifli Turpentine tree • the Arabians call it Botin ,and with an article <^£lbotin. 5 * " tne TheRofinislurnamedin Latine Tmbmtbma :"in high Dutch CtriltSMfititt* inEn l^or'greeacber^^ Tl,r P Cn£ ‘" C:in ^c, Ara bt atl la „g liage ^/W who n tf,c"he *kThc temperature and vertKts. ' V 1 A The barke, Ieaues, and-fruit of the Turpentine tree doth fomewhat binde, they are hot in the fe cond degree, and being greene they drie moderately but when they are-dried they drie in the fe- cond degree 5 and the fruit approcheth more neer to eftpiiphat be drie in the third degree, and alfo hotter. ThisisfiitobeeatenjasDw/f^iir/iaithjbutifhutteththeftoinacke C TheRofin of the Turpentine tree excelleth all otherlfoftte, -according to Dklioruhshk opini¬ on : but Galen wnteth, that the Rofin of the Mafticke treeb&reth the preheminence, and then the’ I urpcntinc* : \ ^ j) Tms Kofin hath alfo an aftringent or bindingqualitie, and yet not fo much as Mafticke: but it hath wiihaila certame bitternefTe loyned1, by reafon whereof it digeftethmore than that of the Mafticke ticeithorow the fame qualitie there is likewife in it io great a clenfins, as alfo it healerh fcabs 3 m his S.bookeof the: faculties of ftdiple medicines: but in his booke of medicines according to the kmdes^ he maketh that of the Turpentine tree to be much like the Rofin of the Larch tree^ m lcn he affiimeth to be moifter than all the reft,and tobe without both iliarpnes and bitine 5 H 1 he rruit of Turpentine prouoketh vrine,and ftirreth vp fiefhly luft /' ' 5 ‘ F TheRofin of this tree, which is the right Turpentine loofeth the belly, openethLtheftoopines tlo or Xce B d eanes ne ’ prOUoteth vnne >* nd dr,uethf °® rth grauell,being taken in thequanmiepf G The like quantitie waftied in water diners times vn till it be white, then muft be puttheretothe tin !Sif • ° frh N e y° lk lt n c S§ e ^ nd Taboured togithcr,adding thereto by little and little (con- tinua Iy ftirring it) a fmall draught of poftet drinke made of white wine, and giuen to drinke in the morning fafting, he Jpeth moft fpeedily the Gonorrhea, or running of the rallies, commonly at the ferft times but neucr faileth the medicine at the fecond time of the taking of it 3 which giueth ftooles from fower to eigbt,according to the age and ftrength of the patient. Of the Franlfncenfe tree . Chap. 8 o» *4* The tiefeription. T He tree from which Frankincenfe floweth, is but lowe, and hath leaucs like the Mafticke tree* yet fqme are of opinion that the leafe is like theleafeof aPearetrec, and of a graffie colour: the rmde is like that of the Bay tree, whereof there are two kindcs, the one groweth in moun- taines and rockie places-: the other in theplaine: biitthofe in the plaines are much woorfethan tliofe of the mounrainesithe gum whereof is alfo blacker,fitter to mingle with Pitch,and fuch other ftufre to trim ftups,than for other vfes. Them in his Cofmographie faith,that the Frankincenfe tree doth refemble a gummie or rofinie 1 me tree which yeeldeth a mice that in time groweth hard, and is call cdThw, Frankincenfe, in kincenfe *° mtimC 0lmc ^ cert ^ ne faallgraines like vnto grauel,which they call the Manna of Fran- kytrbor historie of plants. 1247 Abor phurifera. Tburis Limpid? folium L’Obeli). The Frankincenfe tree The fuppofed leafe of the bright {Lining Frankincenfe tree. it Thedtfcyiption. Of this there is in Arabia two other forts, the one the gum, which is gathered in the Dogge daies whenthefunneisinLeo, and is white, pure,c!eere, and fhining. Pern writeth that he hath feenc the cleereFrankenlence called Lytyptdum, and yeelding a very fweete fmell when it is burnt, but the leafe hath beene feldome leene , that the PhifitionZ,^- uanui feemeth to fet out this, although it be not cer¬ tain whether it be the leafe of the Frakincenfe, or of fome other Pine tree, yeelding the like iuice or gum. It is faith he, which doth feldome happen in other Ieaues, from the lower part or foote of the leafe, to thevpperende,asitwere doubled, confiding of twothinnerindes orcoates, with a fheath a (panne & a hah'e long,at the top gaping openlil e a whoode or foolescockefeombc, and as it werecouered with a helmet, which is a thing feldome feene in a leafe, but is proper to Leekes,or Lonchitis, as writers af- firnie. The other is gathered in the fpring, which is reddifh,woorfer then the other in price or value,bi- caufeitisnotfowellconco&ed intheheateof the funne. The Arabians wounde this tree with a knife,that the liquor may floweout more aboundantly, wheroffome trees yeeld threefcore pounds of Frankincenfe. it'* he place. T> to Sondes faith it growethin Arabia, and efpcctally in that quarter which is called Thurifera, the bed in.that countrey is called StagoniM, and is round^and if it be broken,i.s fat within,and when iris burned doth quickly yeelde a fniell: next vntoitih goodnes is that which groweth in Smilo, lefler then theother,and more yellow. it The time. The time is already declared in the defcription. it The names. It is called in Gi eeke^wa?: in Latine Thu a: in Italian Incenfo: in Dutch (TlpnratfCf): ,n Spanifb Encienfo : in French Enaus: inEnglifh Frankincenle, andlncenfe : in the Arabian toong Louan, and of lome few Condcr. it The temperature a nd virtues. It hath ,as Dio/cor ids faith, a power to heate and binde. It driueth away the dimnes of the eie fight, filleth vp hollow vlcers,it clofeth rawe woundes,dai- eth all corruptions of bloud,although it floive from the head. Galen writeth thus of ii^Thus doth heate in the fecond degree,and dry in the fird,and hath fome fmallaftridtion 5but in the white there is manifed attrition : therinde doth mamfedly binde and dry exceedingly,and that mod; certainly in the fecond degree, for it is of more groder parts then Frankincenle,and not fo lharpe, by reafon whereof it is much vied in fpitting of bloud, dwellings in the mouth, the colicke palfion,the fluxe in the bedy rifing from rhe domacke, and blotidy flixes. The fume or fmoke of it hath a more drier and hotter quality then the Frankincenfe it felfe, be¬ ing drie in the thirde decree. It doth alfo clenfe and fill vp the vlcers in the eies, like vnto Myrrhe,thus farre Galen. Tpiofcoridcs faith,that if it be drimkeby a man in health ,it driueth him into a frenfic: but there are fevve Greckes of his minde. K^iween reporteth that it doth helpe and drengthen the wit and vnderdandsng,but the often ta- G king of it will breed the headach,andif too much of it be drunke with wine it kille th. < oq CJ Q THE THIRD BOOKS OF THE Pi flack. TfreFiftickeNut. Of Fifiicf yfuts. Chap. 81 . "Si The dejeription. A T He tree which beareth Fifticke Nuts is like to the Turpentine tree: theleaues hecreof be greater then thole of the Mafticke tree, butfet after the fame maner, and in like order that they are, being of a faintyellovve colour out of a greene: the fruits or Nuts do hange by their ftalkes in cluftefs,being greater then the Nuts of the Pine Apples,and much letter then almonds: the husks without is greene, the (hell brickie and white; the fubftancc of the kernell greene; the taftefweete and fomewhat bitter, pleafant to be caten,and fomthing fweete of ffnell. it The place. . Fifticke Nuts growe in Perfia, Arabia, Syria, and in India 5 nowe they are made free Denifons in Italy,as in Naples, and other Prouinces there. it The time. This tree doth flower in May,and the fruite is ripe ill September. it The names. This Nut is called in Greeke wshW: in Athe~ nausNicandcr Colophonimfm the booke of Trea¬ cles namcthit'-ff-rJetW: Posidonius callcth it B/^- kiov. otherse'paW: the Latines obleruing the fame ternies jhaue named it Filiation^ Bifiacion , or Phtftacion .* the Apothecaries FiflicF the Spa¬ niards A/hocigos,ancl Fijlicosdn Italian Pijlacchi; in Englifh Filticke Nut. it The temperature and vertues. The kernels of the Fifticke Nuts are often¬ times eaten,as be thofe of the Pine apples,they be temperature hot and rnoift; they are not fo ealily conco< 5 ted,but much eafier then common nuts: the iuice is good,yet fomwhat thicke; they yceldc to the body no fmall nourilhment 5 they nourifh bodies that are confumed 5 they recouer ftrength. They are good for thole that haue the phthifike,or rotting away of the lungs. q They concodfc, ripen, and clenfe foorth rawe humours that cleaue to the lightes and cheft. D They open the ftoppings of the liucr, and be good for the infirmities of the kidneies; they alio remooue out of thekidneies fandeand grauell j andallwage their paine: they arc alio good for vlcers. The kernels ofFifticke nuts condited, ormadeinto comfits, with fugar and eaten,do procure E bodily lull:, vnftop the lungs and the breft, are good againftthefhortnes of breath, and are an ex¬ cellent preferuatiue medicine being miniftred in witicagainft the bitings of allmannesof wilde bcaftsi Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I2P4 Ofthe "Bladder ZJfut. Chap. 8z. Nhx vejicaria . The bladder nut. •& T edejcription. T His is a low tree,bailing diuers yong fprings growing foorth of the roote: the fubftance of the wood is white, very hard and found* the barke is ofa light greener the leaues confift of fine little ones, which be nicked in the edges like thole of the Elder, but Idler, not fo greenenor ranke of find. It hath the pleafant whitifh flowers ofBryonicor Labrufci both in finell and fhape, which turne into fmall cornered bladders, very like vnto the bladders of winter Cherries, called Alkakcngiejbutofan ouerworne greenifh colour* in thefe bladders ate cotained two little nuts, and fometitnes no more but one, lefTer than the Hafell nut, but greater than theRamCich, with awoo- die fliell and fbmewhat red : the kernell within is fomething greene * in tafte at the fit ft fweete,but afterwards lothfome and ready to prouoke vomit. -fe The place. It groweth inltalie, Germanic and France; it groweth likewife at the houfe of fir Ifalter Culpep - per neere Flimwell in the Weald of Kent, as alio m the Frier yarde without S.Paules gate in Stam¬ ford, and about Spalding Abbay, and in the gar¬ den of the right honorable the Lord Treafurermy very good Lord and Mafter, by his houfe in the Strand. It groweth alfo in my garden., and in the garden hedges of fir Francis Citrew neer Croydon feuen miles rrom London. The time. This tree flowreth in May,the nuts be ripe in Auguft and September. -A The names. It is commonly called in high Dutch pfftipctnufjj which fignifieth in lowe Dutch PfitipefllC* tent diuers call it in Lati ne.Piftact.um Germ mi cum: we thinke it beft to call it Nitx veftcaria . Ma- thiolm in his Epiftles doth iudge it the Turkes Conkoul and Hebulben to agree with this: Guhelmm Qunce Hen us a ffi r m e t h, Coulcoul to be vied of diuers in Conftanttnople for a daintie, efpecially when they be new brought out of Egypt. This plant hath no oldename, vnlefleitb eStatrhyloden* dronPlinlf , for which it is taken of the later writers, and Plinie hath written of it in his 16. booke I^.chapter. There is alfbffiiith he) beyond the Alpes a tree, the timber whereof is very like to that ofwhite Maple,and is cabled Sta^hylodendron, itbeareth cods,and in thole kernels* halting the tafte of the Hafell nut. It is called in Englifh S.Antonies nuts, wildfe Piftacia/or Bladder nuts: the Itali¬ ans call it PtjlacbioSaluatick : tire French men call ic Baguenaudes a patre nojlrcs , for that the Friers do vfe to make Beades ol the nuts. •fr The temperature andvertues. Thefe nuts are moyft and full of luperfluous rawe humors, and therefore theyeafily procure a A readinefte to vomit, and trouble the ftotnacke, by reafon that withall they be fomewhat binding, and therefore they be not to be eaten. Thefe haue as yet no vfe in medicine, yet notvvithftanding fome haue attributed vnto them Lome B vertues in prouoking of Venerie. Of THE THIRD BOOKE-OF THE saj© Of the Hafell tree. Chap 1 Nux ^uelkmfme Corylut. 2 CoryliufylueUrU, The Filberd Nut. The wilde Hedge Nut, it'the deferiytion. I ^TpHe Hafell tree groweth like a fhrub or fmall tree.parted into boughes without knots,tough S and pliable: the leaues are broad, greater and fuller of wrinkles than thofeof the Alder tree, cut in the edges like a fawe,of colour greene, and on the backfide more white; the barkeis thinneuherooteis thicke,ftrong and growing deepe; in ftead of flowers bang dovvnc cat¬ kins,aglets or blowings Render and well compact; after which come the Nuts Handing in a tGUgh cup of a greene colour,and tagged at the vpper end,like aim oft to the beards in Roles. The fliell is fmooth and woodie; the kerne'll within conftfteth of a white, hard, and found pulpe, and couered with a thin skin, oftentimes red,moft commonly white; this kcrneilis fweeteand pleafantto the tafte. CoryluifylueHris is our hedge Nut or Hafell Nut tree, which is very well knowen, and therefore needethnotanydefeription: whereof there arc alfofundrie fortes, fome great, fome little, fome rathe ripe, fome later, as alfo one that is manured in our gardens, which is very grear, bigger than any Filberd, and yet akindeof Fledge Nut. This then that hath beenefaid, (Trail ftiffice lor Hedge Nuts. 3 '^Auciy.m 1251 historie of plants. / r 7 9 ^Auehnapumila Byzantina: "■ The Filberd nut of Conftantinople. ft Tie place. The Hafell trees do commonly growe in woods and in dankifh vntoiled places; they are alfo fetin Orchards, the Nuts whereof are better, and of a l'weeter tafte, and be moft commonly red within. ft The time. The catkins or aglets come foorth very timely, before winter be fully pall, which fall away in March or April! to foone as the leaues come foorth: the nuts be ripe in Auguft. ft The navies. This fhrub is called in Latine Coryltu :in Grcekc mfjA-mvvKti, that is,TV#.*: Pont leap r Ponrike Nut: in high Dutch JjpafCl (fcaUCfet in low Dutch Jjyafc* IC0C X in Englifh Halell tree, and Filberd tree'; but the Filberd tree is properly that which groweth in gardens and Orchards. The Nut is named in Latine JS(jix Pontic a , te¬ nuis Njsx, parua Nux ; it is alfo called Tpjix Pya¬ rn si ina , NuxHeracleotica, and commonly 2pux ausliana, by which name itis vfiially known to the Apothecaries : in high Dutch t)afcU3ufj: in lowe Dutch Spafel JftCteil X in Italian 1 A locctuole 7 i^/iuclhne, Nocelle: i n French Ncifettcs,%iNoife/lefc in Spanifh AuelianM ; in Englilli Halell Nut, and Filberd. Thelc Nuts that haue their skins red are the gar¬ den and planted Nuts,and the right Pontike Nuts or Filberds ;they are called in high Dutch Dtt&and H&OttUtf? X in lowe Dutch IROOBe ipafel latent in Englifh Filberds,and red Filberds. The other Nuts which be white are judged to be wilde. ft The temperature and vert ties. Halell Nuts newly gathered,and not-as yet dry,containe in them a certaine fuperfluous moiflure, A by reafon wherofthey are windy; not onely the new gathered Nuts ,but the dry allb be very hard of digellion;for they areofan earthy and colde e hence;and ofa hard and found fubllance;for which caule allb they very (lowly palle thorow the belly,therefore they are troublefome and cloggingro the ftomacke,caufe hcadach,elpecially when they be eaten in too great a quantitie. The kernels of Nuts made into Milke like Almonds 5 doth mightily binde the belly,and is good B for the laske and the bloudy flixe. The fame doth coole exceedingly in hot feuers,and burning agues. The catkins are colde and dry ,and likewife binding: they allb (lay the laske. OftheJValnutTree. ft The defeription. T Hisisa great tree with a thickeand tall body; thebarke islomewhatgrecne, and tending to the colour of alhes, and oftentimes full of clefts .-the boughes Ipread themlelues farre abroade; the leaues confift of fine orfixefaftnedtooneribbe, like thole of the Afh trce,and with one Handing on the top; which be broader and longer then the particular leaues of the Afh; fmoothalfo,and of a ftrong fmell: the catkins or aglets come foorth before the Nuts: thefe Nuts do grow hard to the ftalke of the leaues by coupIes 3 or by three and three 3 which at the firft when The Walnut tree. 1252 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE they be yetbut tender,haue a fweete fmel,andbccouered with a greene huskejvnder that is a woo* die (hell,in which the kernell is contained, being couered with a thin skin,parted almofl into fower parts, with a woodie skin as it were ; the inner pulpe whereof is white, fweete and pleafant to the tafle,and that is when it is new gathered, tor after it is drie it becommeth oily and ranke. 2 Jjix Itigkns. - " • it The place. The Walnut tree groweth in fields neere com* mon high waies in a fat and fruitful ground,and in , orchards; it profpereth on high fruitfull banks; it loueth not to growe in waterie places. • it The time. The leaues togither with the catkins come foorthatthe firfl fpring: the nuts are gathered in Auguft. it The names. The tree is called in Greeke . in Latine 2pjix, which name doth fignifie both the tree and fruit: in high Dutch in lowe Dutch and j^COtdaCn in French Noi- far : in Spanifn Nogueyra: in Englifh Walnut tree, and of fome W'alfh nut tree. The nut is cal*, led in Greeke v&'pvov ^kdCov, that is to fay, Nhx Re¬ gia, or the Kings Nut: ic is likewife named 2S(jix luglans, as though you fhould fay Iouisglans, lupi* ters Acorne ,or limans glam, the helping Acorne, and of diuers Perfica Nux , or the Perfian Nut: in high Dutch u£!£ifl*ij and 'Baunmuf^f in lowe Dutch £ofetnC£ tn, CD® affch nbttn: in Ita¬ lian Noci: in French Noix: in Spaniih Nuezes and Nous: in Englifh Walnut, and of fome W'alfh Nut. if The temperature and vertues. The frefh kernels of the nuts newly gathered are pleafant to the tafle: they are a little colde, and haue no fmall moyflure which is not perfectly concodted; they be hard of digellion,they nourifh little,they (lowly defeend. B The drie nuts are hoc and drie,and thole more which become oylie and ranke,thefe be very hurt- full to the flomacke ;and besides that they be hardly concodted, they increafe choler; they caufe headach,and be hurtfull for the cheft,and for thofe that be troubled with the cough. C Drie nuts taken fading with aFig and a little Rue withflandeth poyfon, preuenteth and prefer- ueth the body from the infedlion of the plague, and being plentifully eaten they driue wormes fcorth of the belly. D The greene and tender nuts boylcd in fugar and eaten as Suckade, are a mod pleafant and dele¬ gable meate,comfort the flomacke,and expell poyfon. E The oyle of Walnuts made in fuch manner as oyle of Almonds, maketh fmooth the hands and face,and taketh away feales and fcurtfe,blacke and blew marks that come of flripes or brufes. F Milke made of the kernels, as Almond milke is made, cooleth and pleafeth the appetite of the languifhingficke body. G With onions,, fak and hony;they are good againfl the biting of a mad dog or man,if they be laid vpon the wound, H Beingboth eaten and alfo applied, they heale in fhorc time, as Diofiorides faith, gangrens,car¬ buncles, segilops, and the pilling away of the haire; this alfo is effectually done by the oyle that is preffed out of them, which is of thin parts,digefting and heating. I The outward greene huske ofthe nuts hath a notable binding facultie. K Galen deuifed and taught to make of the iuice thereof a medicine for the mouth, lingular good againfl all inflammations thereof. The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1255 The leaues and fir ft buds haue a certainebinding qualitie, as the fame author fhewethjyet there L doth abound in them an hot and drie temperature. Some of the later phifitions vfe thclc for bathes and lotions for the bodie, in which they haue a M force to divert and alio to procure fweate. Of the Chejlnut tree . C^ a P I Caftanea. v , ' 2 CafianeA Equ ; nd. Cheftnut tree. " Horfc Cheftnut tree. it The description. 1 / “T“’ He Cheftnut tree is a very great and high tree; it cafterh foorth very rnpny boughes; the body is thicke, and fometimes of fo great acompafle , as that tow men can fcarily fathom it: thetimberor fubftanccof thcw’ood is found and durable: the leaues begrear, rough, wrinkled, nicked in the edges,and greater than the particular leaues of the Walnut tree. The blow¬ ings or catkins be (lender,long and greene :thc fruit is inclofed in a round,rough,and prickly huskc like to an Hedgehog or Vrchin, which opening it felfe doth let fall the ripe fruit or nut. This nut is not round,bur flat on the one fide,fmooth and tliarpe pomtedrit is couered with a hard fhelfwhich is tough and very fmooth,of a datke browne colour: the meare or inner fubftance of the nut is hard and white,and coucred with a thin skin,which is vnder the fheil. 2 The Horfe Cheftnut groweth like wife to be a very great tree, fp reading his great and large arrncs or branches far abroad, by which meanes it maketh a very good code fhadow. Thcfe bran¬ ches are gamifhed with many beautifull leaues, cutordiuided into Hue, fixe, orfeuenfieftionsor diuifions,likc to the Cinkfoile,or rather like the leanCs of Ricinw ,but bigger. The flowers growe at thetopoftheftalkes, confiding of fower fmall leaues like the Cherrieblofiom , which turne into round, rough and prickley heads like the former, but more fharpe and harder; the nuts ate alfo founder. Mm mm i it The 1254 THE THIRD BOOK E OF THE # The place. The firft groweth on mountaines and fhadowie places,and many times in the vallies 5 they Iouc a (oft and blackc foyle. There be fundrie woods of Cheftnuts in England,a$ a mile and a halfe from Feuerfham in Kent, and in fundrie other places : in fome countries they be grearer and pleafanter, in others /mailer, and of worfe tafte. The Horfe Cheftnut groweth in Italic and in /undry places of the Eaft countries. & The time. The blowings or aglets come foorth with the leaues in Apiill,but the nuts later, and be not ripe / till Autumne. & The names. The Cheftnut tree beareth the name of the nut both in Greekeand Latine : in hiph Dutch ^eSenhaum and Badarafcaunn in lowe Dutch <£alfanibaom: in French Cajlaignicr: in Englifia Cheftnut tree. The nut is called in Greeke r&ra*ov: in Latine Cajlanea , Icuiiglans, Sardianaglans: in high Dutch BeSett: in Iswe Dutch Caff amen: in Italian Cajlagne: in French Chattatgne: in Spanifh Morones , Caft anas :in Englifh Cheftnut. The greater nuts be named of the Italians Marroni ; of the French men and of diners bafe Almaines Marons. The Hor/e Cheftnut is called in Latine Equina Caftanea: in Englifh Horfe Cheftnut; for that the people of the Eaft countries do with the fruit thereof cure their horfes of the cough,(hortnefle of breth,and fuch like difeafes. ft The temperature and vert ties. A Our common Cheftnuts are very drie and binding, and be neither hot nor cold, but in a meane betweene both; yet haue they in them a certaine windinefte, and by reafon of this, vnlefle the fhell be firft cut,they skip fuddenly with a cracke out of the fire whileft they be rolling. B Of all the Acornes, faith Galen, the Cheftnuts are the chiefeft, and doonely of all thewilde fruites yceld to the body commendable nourifhment;but they flowly defeend, they be hardly con- codled,they make a thicke blood, and ingendcr winde, they alfo ftay the belly, e/pecially if they be eaten rawe. C Being boiled or rolled,they are not fo hard of digeftion, they more eafily defeend, they are lefle windie,yet they alfo make the body coftiue. D Some affirm that of raw Cheftnuts dried,and afterwards turned into meale, there is made a kind ofbread ;yet it muft needes be that this fhould be dry and brittle, hardly conco&ed, and very flow in parting thorow the belly: but this bread may be good againft the laske and bloody flixe. E An Eledluary of the meale of Cheftnuts and honie,is very good againft the cough, and /pitting ofblood. F The barkc of the Cheftnut tree boiled in wine and drunke, ftoppeth the laske, the bloody flixe, and all other Hides of blood* Of the "Beech tree . Chap , 8 ( 5 . ftThe dejeripthn . \ T He Beech is an high trce,withboughes/preading oftentimes in maner of a circle, and with a thicke body,hailing many armes: the barkc is fmooth; the timber is white, harde, and very profitable: the leaues he finooth, thinne, broad, andlefler thenthofeof theblacke Poplar; the catkins,or blowings be alfo lefter and fhorter then thofe of the Birch tree,and yelIow:the fruite or Mafte is contained in a huske or cup that is prickly,and rough briftled; yet not fo much as that ofthe Cheftnut; which fruite being taken foorth of the fliels or vrehin huskes, becouered with a finooth and /oft skin, like in colour and fmoothnes to the Cheftnuts, but they be much lerter,and of another forme,that is to fay triangled or three cornered: the kernell within is Iivcete,with a cer¬ taine aftriciion or binding qualitie;therootes be fewe, and grow not deepe, and little lower thep voder the turfe. Fagui HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1255 FagUi. The Beech. ie 7 he place. The Beech tree ioueth a plaine and open coun- trie,and groweth very plentifully in many forrefts and defart places ot Sufiex, Kent, and fundric other countries. The time. The Beech flowreth in April and May, and the fruit is ripe in September,at what time the Deere do eate the fame very greedily, as greatly deligh¬ ting therein, which hath caul'ed forrefters and huntfmen to call it Buckmaft. & The names. The tree is named in Greek <?nyoc inLatine i 7 ^- gus : in high Dutch CSUCljfcaUtD, or^tlCS i in low Dutch 1 Btd: 0 nhOOtn:in Italian Faggi: in Spa- nifh Haia,Faia, and Fax: in French Fan, or He sire: in Englifh Beech tree,Beech maft,ana Buckmaft. The fruit is called in Latin Nuces Fagi: in Greek try': in low Dutch hootlifns t in French Faine: in Englifh Beech maft. Diofcert- des reckoneth the Beech among the Acorn trees, and yet is themaft nothing like at all to an Acorn. Of Theophraft. iris called Oxya, of Gaza Scijctna. Plinie alio maketh mention oi this tree, bun vnder the name of Ojirya(t{ fo be in (lead of Oftrya, wemuftnotreade Oxya) in his 13.boo.ke 2 i.ehap. It bringethfoorth, faith hefmeaning Greece) the tree Ofirys, which they likewife call Ojirya , grow¬ ing alone among waterie ftones ,likc to the Afh tree in barke and boughes, with leaues like thofe of thcPeare tree,butfbmewhat longer and thicker, and with wrinkled cuts, which run quite thorow, with a feed like in colour to a Cheftnut(and not vnto Barly:)the wood ishard and firme,which be¬ ing brought into the houfe there followeth hard trauell with childe, and miferable deathes, as it is reported, and therfore to be forborne & not vfed as fire wood,if Plinieh is copies be not corrupted. tV The temperature. The leaues of Beech do coolc, the kernell of the nut is fomewhat moyft. is The vert ties. The leaues of Beech arc very profitably applied vnto hot fwcllings, blifters, and excoriations; A and being chewed they are good for chapped lips,and paine of the gums. The kernels or maft within are reported to eafe the paine of the kidneies proceeding of the Hone B ifthey be eaten, andtocaufethegrauellandfand the eafierto come foorth : with thefe mice and fquirrels be greatly delighted,who do mightily incieafe by feeding thereon; (wine alfo be fattened herewith,and certaine'other beafts; alfodeere do feede thereon very greedily. They bclikewiie pleafant to thrufhes and pigeons. Petrus CrcfientiM writeth, that the allies of the wood is good to make glafie with. C The water that is found in the hollownefTe of Beeches, cureth the naughtie feurffe, tetters, and D fcabs ofmen,horfes,kine,and fheepe,if they be wafhed therewithal!. Of the (*AImondtree . Chap. 87 . The defeription. T He Almond tree is like to the Peach tree,yet is it higher,bigger bodied, of longer cotinuance; the leaues therof be very long,fharp pointed, flipped about the edges like thofe o fthe Peach tree;the flowe rs be alikc;the fruit is alfo like a Peach ,hauing on one fide a cleft,with a foft skin without, and cowered with a thin cotton; but vnder this there is none or very little pulpe, and the Mm mm 2 fame 1256 the third booke of the' fame hard like a griftle, which is not eaten ; the nut or (lone within is longer than that of the Peach, not fo rugged butfmooth; in which is contained the kernel,in tafte fweete, and many times bitter. The roote of the tree groweth deepe : the gum which fokethout hereof is like that of the Peach tree. k The glace. The naturall place of the Almond is in the hot regions, yet we haue them in our London gar- dens and orchards in good plentie, k The time. The Almond flowrcth betimes with the Peach 5 the fruit is ripe in Auguft. k The names. The tree is called in Greeke iuvyJ^M in Latinc Amygdala*: in French ^Amandier: in Englifh Al¬ mond tree. The fruit is called in Greeke d^y^Klv: in Latine Amygdalum: in fliops Amygdala: in high Dutch $?anlselh in lowe Dutch <|Jltanf3£l£tU in Italian Mandate: in Spanifh Almendras.iMmelles, and kM- mendoas ; in French o dmandes : in Englilb Al¬ mond. k The temperature and vertnes. Sweete Almonds when they be withered be moderately hot and drie, but the bitter ones are hot and drie in the fecond degree.There is in both of them a certaine fat and oyhe fubflance which is drawen out by prefling, Sweete Almonds being new gathered are plea- fant to the tafte 5 theyyedde fome kindeof nou- rifhtnent, but the fame grofle and earthie, and grofler than thole that be drie, andnotasyet wi¬ thered. Thcfe do likewife ilowlydefcend, efpeci- allv being eaten without their skins 5 foreuenas the huskes or brannie partes of corne do feme to driue downe the grofle excrements of thebelly, fo do likewife the skins orhusksof the Almonds: therefore thofe that be blanched dofoflowly defeend, as that they do withall binde the belly 5 whereupon they are giuen with good fuccefle to thofe that haue the laske 5 or the bloodie flixe. C There is drawen out of fweete Almonds, with liquor added, a white iuiceiike milke, which ouer andbefidesthantnourifheth, and is good for thofe that are troubled with the laske and bloodie flixe, it is profitable for thofe that haue the p!eurifie,and iper vp filthie matter, as Alexander Tral • lianas vvitnefleth. For there is likewife in the Almonds an opening and conco&ing qualitie, with a certaine clenfingfacultie,by which they aremedicinable to thecheft andlungs,or Iights,andferue for the raifing vp of flegme and rotten matter. X) Almonds taken before mcate do flop the belly, and nourifh but a little; notwithflanding many excellent meats and medicines, are therewith made for fundry greefes^yea very delicate and whol- fome meats, as Almond butter, creame of Almonds,marchpanes, and fuch like, which drie and flaie the belly more then the extracted iuice or milke, and they are as good for thecheft and lunges. £ They do ferue alfo to make the Phificall Barly water, and Barly creame, which are giuen in hot feuers 5 as alfo for other ficke and feeble perfons for their further Comfort and nourifhment. F Theoile which is newly preiTedoutof the fweete Almonds, is amitigater of paine, and all ma¬ tter of aches. Ie ^Amygdalm. HISTORIE OF PLANTS, id 5 7 It is giucn to thofe that haue thepleurifie,being firdlet bloud ;but especially to fuch as are trou- Q bled with the done of the kidneies*, itflackneth the paflages of the vrine, and maketh them glib or •flipperie, and more readic to fufTer the (tone to haue free padage: it maketh the belly foluble^ and therefore it is like wife vied for thecollicke. It is good for women that are newly deliuered, for it quickly remooueth the throwes which re- H maine after the deliuerie. The oyle of Almonds do make fmooth the hands and face of delicate perfons, and clenfeth the I skin from all fpots,pimples and lentils. Bitter Almonds do make thin and open 3 they remooue Aoppings outof the liner ana fuleene, K therefore theybegood againd paine in the fides: they make the body fbluble,prouoke vtine 5 bring downe the menfes,helpe the dranguriefan-d clenfe foorth of the lungs andched clammie humors: if they be mixed with foniekihde of looch or medicine to lickc on,with darch they day the fpetting ofblood. x x And it is reported that fine or fixe being taken fading do kcepe a man from being drunkc. L Thefe alfo clenfe and take away fpots and blemifhes in the face, and in oilier parts of the body, M they mundifie or make cleane foule eating vlcers. With bony they are laid vpon the bitings of mad dogs 5 being applied to the temples with vine- N ger or oyle ofRofes 3 they take away the headach 5 as Diojiorsdes writeth. They are alfo good againd thecough and fhortnes ofvvinde. O They are likewife good fpr thofe that fpet blood 3 if they be taken with the fine flower of Amylwn . p There is alfo preded out of thefe an oyle whichprouokethvrine,butefpeciallyifafewfcorpions Q_^ be drowned and fteeped therein. With oyle it is Angular good for thofe that haue the done, and cannot eadly make water but R with extremitieof paine 3 if the lliare and place betweene the cods and fundament beannoynted therewith. Diofcorides faith 3 that the gum doth heatc and bindc; which qualities notwithdanding are not S perceiuedin it. It helpeth them that fpet blood,not by a binding facultie 5 but thorow the clamtninede of his fub - T dance, and that is by clofing vp of the paffages and pores, and fo may it alfo cure olde coughes, and mitigate extreme paines that proceede of the done,and efpecially take away the fharpnede of vrine, if it be drunke with Badard, or with any other fweete potion, as with the deco&ion of Lico¬ rice,or of Raifons of the funne. The fame doth likewife kill tetters in the outward partes of the bo¬ dices Diofcorides addeth)if it be didblued in vineger. Of the Teach tree . Qhaj) .88. it Thekindes. There be diners fortes of Peaches ,as may appeere in their fcuerall deferiptions. it The defeription. 1 He Peach tree is a tree of no great bignede:it fendeth foorth diuers boughes, which be fb brittle,as oftentimes they are broken with the waight of thefruitor with the winde. The Jeauesbelong, nicked in the edges, likealmod to thofe of the Willow tree, andintade bitter; the flowers be of a light purple colour. The fruit or Peaches be round, and haue as it were a chinke or cleft on the one fide j they are couered with a foft and thin downe or hairie cotton, being white without,& of a pleafant ta Ae ; in the middle wherof is a rough or rugged done,whcrin is con¬ tained a kernell like vnto the Almond, the meate about the done is of a white colour. The roote is tough and yellowifh. 2 The red Peach tree is likewife a tree of no great bignefle: it alfo fendeth foorth diuers boughes or branches, which be very brittle. The leaues be long and nicked in the ed^es like to the prece- dent.The flowers be alfo like vnto the former; the fruit or Peaches be round, of a red colour on the outfide j the rneate likewife about the done is of a gallant red colour, Thefe kindes of Peaches are very like to wine in tade 3 and therefore maruellous pleafant. Mmmm 3 i Perfis i2 5 s the third 'bookecoe the i Perfic i alb a. -2 Perfie .1 rubra 1 . ■ The white Peach. 1 * ■> :The red Peach. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1259 k 7 he dejcription. 5 The d'auant Peach tree is like vnto the former,but his leaues are geater and larger. The fruit or Peaches be of a rnilct colour on the one fide, and on the other fide next vnto the funne of a red co¬ lour ,but much greater than the red Peach: the ftones whereof are like vnto the former:the pulpe or meate within is ofa golden yellow colour } and of a pleafant tafte. 4 The yellow Peach tree is like vnto the former in leaues and flowers: his frnit rs of a yellow co¬ lour on the outfide, and likewife on the infide, harder than the reft; in the middle of the Peach is a woodie,hard andrough ftone/ull oferefts and gutters,in which dothllc a kerne!much like to that of the Almond,and with fuch a like skin: thefubftance within is white^and in tafte fomthlng bitter. The fruit hereof is of greateft plcafure, and beft tafte of all the other of Kis kinde: although there be found at this day diuers other fortes that are of very good tafte, not remembred of the ancient, orfetdowneby the later writers, whereof to fpeakc particularly, would not be greatly to our pre¬ tended purpofe,confidcring.wc haften to an end. kl he place. They are fet and planted in gardens and vineyards: I haue them all in my garden, with many other forts. k The time. The Peach tree foonccommcthvp: it beareth fruit the third or fourrhyeere after it isplanted, and it foone decaieth ;and is not of long continuance 5 it flowrech in AprilI,or a little while afuc that the leaues appcere,and hathhis fruit ripe in September. k'The names. ThePcach tree is called in Greeke /.»■. in Latine Malm Perjica & Perjica: in high Dutch JptCftcljhaunt J in lowe Dutch pCt*f0 fJOOHl i in French Perjcher: in Englifh Peach tree. The fruit,as G f ^/<f»teftifieth,isnamed^o('^pOTK^ J and^CTxoi' alfo without any addition :in Latine MaltmPcr/icum, 2 .nd Perficum: in high Dutch Pfeifjltff* in low Dutch PCUCH % in Italian Pefchc: in Spanifh Pexegos : in French Pefches: in Englifh Peach. k T he temperature and vert ms. Peaches he cold and moyft, and that in the fecond degree ; they haue a mice and alfo a fubftance A, that doth eafily putrifie, which yeeldeth no nourifhmcnt, but bringech hurt, efpeciallyif they be eaten after other meates ; for then they caufe the other meates to putrifie. But they are lefts hurt- full if they be taken firft; forbyreafon that they are moyft and flipperie, they eafily and quickly defccnd;and by making the belly flipperie, they caufe other meates to ftippe downs the looner. The kernels of the Peaches be hot and dry,they open and clenfc;they arc good for the ftoppings B oftheliucrandfpleene. ~~ 1 ... Peaches before they be ripe do flop thelaske, 1)111 bein gripe they loofe the belly, and ingender Q naughtie humours.for they are foone corrupted in the ftomacke. The leaues of the Peach tree do open the ftoppings of the liuer, and do gently Ioofen the belly.- D and being applied plafterwife vnrothenauels of yoong children, kills th the wormes,and driueth themfoorth. The fame leaues boiled in milkc,do kill the wormes in children very fpeedily. £ The fame being dried,andcaftvpongreene wounds, they cure them. p The flowers of the Peach tree infufed in warmc water for the fpace of ten or tweltie howers,and Q drained, and more flowers put to the faide liquor to infufe after the famemaner, andfo iterated fixe or eight times, and ftrained againe; then as much fugar as it will require added to the lame liquor,and boiled’vnto the confidence or thicknes of afirupe, and two fpoonefuls heereof taken, dpthfo Angularly well purge the belly,that there is neither Rubarbe, Agaricke, nor any other pur- ger comparable vnto it; for this purgeth down watcrifh humours mightily, and yet without griefe or trouble,either to the ftomacke,or lower parts of the,body. The kernels within the Peach ftone (lamped fmall,andboiIcdwithvinegervntiilitbebrought to the forme of an oyntment , is good to reftore and bring againe thehaire of fuch asbeo 4 /<?- petici. There isdrawnc foorth of the kernels of the Peaches with Peniroiall water, a itiice like vnto J milke, which is good for thofe thathaue the apoplexie :if the fame be oftentimes held in the mouth,it draweth foorth warcr,and recouereth thefpecch. M m m riu The i'- 6 ° THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The gum is of a meane temperature,but the fubfonce thereof is tough and clammie, bv reafon whereof it diiUeth the ftatpnes of thin humors; it feructh in a Iooch or licking medicine for thofe that be troubled with the cougn and haue rotten lungs, and lloppeth the fpetting and railing vp of blood/and aliortaieth other mixes. ° w r Ofthe iAprecocfoor <iAbrecocke tree. fhap.Sc,. I CMdmmaior. 2 Artaeauct Malmmmr The greater Aprecocke tree. The leffcr Aprecocke tree. , . # Thedefcriptim. 1 Hr ™ s , tree ,s ,g r « ter than the Peach tree,and hath a biggerbodie.it lafteth longer,efpecially X “ " “ S raf “ d °J tnpculated : the leaues hereof are broad & (harp pointed,like thofe of the j hlacke Poplar,butIeller,andcominingmoreneereto the leaues ofthe Birch,nicked in the edges. The dowers are fomewhat white: the fruit round like a Peach, yellow both within and with¬ in in which doth he abrowne (lone nothing rough at all, as is that of the Peach, (hotter alfo and lefler,m which is included afweetekernell. ? . We l !™ e a, ? othet fortof Aprecock,whole trunke or bodieis equall with the other in greatnes • itishke alfo in leaues and brittle branches; his time of flowring, flouriihing, and manner of growing accordeth.The onely point wherein they differ is.that this tree bringetb foorth leifor fruit, and not io good in tafte 3 in euery other relped it is like. # 7 he place. out all England Sr ° W ” § ardcn ’ andnow adaics “ man y °*er Gentlemens gardens through- The time. 1 ncy Sower and flourifti In Aprill 5 and their fruit is ripe in luly. Ve 7 he n6i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. it The names. This tree is called in Greeke a p«gw**»: in Latine Malm kM/meniaca: in Englifh Abrecock tree,or Aprecocke tree. The fruit is named d^ Kov a pumaxly, and of diners v&mkmov, or BestyAiuov, which be wordes corrup¬ ted from the Latine; for Pracox inLatine is diners times called Pr&coquwn ; it is named Malum kMrmeniacum, and commonly kMrmeniacum: it is called in high Dutch ^OllCttCsl 3 oljan 0 Pferfinn*: in low Dutch <Hmn;e Pecfcn, auartt ^erfen: in Italian ^Ameniachr^xco- chc,GrifemelesJMoniache: in French kMbricoz: in Spanilh kMluarcocpHes^^Aluar chigas^ and <Atber- cocs: in Englifh Abrecock,and of fbme Aprecock,and Aprecox, Galen feemeth to make a difference betweene Pracocu and kMrmeniaca in his booke of the fa¬ culties of nourifhmcnts: preferring Pracocia before o Jrmeniaca, yet he doth confeffc that both of them be called Armeniaca ; others pronounce them ^Armenia with fower fyllables. And in his bookes of the faculties of fimple medicines he aflErmeth, that both the fruit and the tiee are called '^jYJjKrJdv : diuers ofthe later Phifitions do betweene thele alfo make a ceitaine difference, faying, that the greater ones and thofe chat are grafted be Armeniaca > which the French men call Auant Perfes ,and the Idler Pracocia •' in French Abncoz •A: The tempera ture and vertues. Aprecocks are colde and moift in the feconddegree,butyetnotfbmoiftasPcaches; for which A caufe they do not lo loone or eafilyputrifie : and they are alfo more wholefome for theftomackc and pleafant to the tafte, yet do they likewife putrifie,and yeelde nourifhment, and the lame colde, moift,and full ofexcrcments:being taken after meate, they corrupt and putrific the fame; being £rft eaten before other meate,they eafily defeende, and caufe the other mcates to pads downe the fooner,like as alio the Peaches do. The kernels withirl the fame is fweetc,and nothing at all like in faculty to that of the Peach. The vertues ofthe leaucs of this tree are not as yet found out. Of the Pomegranate tree . Chap .90. ie Thekindes. A S there be fundry forts of Apples, Peares, Plums, and fuch like fruices; lo there are two forts of Pomegranates, the garden,and the wilde;and a thirde fort which is barren and fruitles: the fruite of the garden Pomegranate is of three forrs,one hauing a fower iuice,or liquor; another ha¬ iling a very fweete and pleafant liquor; and the thirde the tafte of wine: of the wilde alfo there be two forts, and the difference betweene them is no more then betwixt crabs and wildings, which are both wildc kindes of apples: therefore the defeription of the garden Pomegranate fhallfufiicc for the reft. k The defeription. 1 ^nr-'He manured Pomegranate tree groweth vp to the height of a hedge tree, being feauen I or eight cubitcs high, hauingmany pliant and twiggie branches,very limber ,tough, and of a browne colour: wheron are let very many leaues,in fhape like thofe of the Priuec, but more like the leaues of the Myrtii tree , of a bright fhining greene colour tending to yellownefte: among which there ftande certaine fharpe thornes confufediy fet, and likewife hollow flowets like vnro the hedge Rofe, indented on the edges like a ftar, ofa Carnation colour, and very Angle: after which commcth the fruit couered with a hard barkc, of an ouerwornc purplifh colour, full of grainesand kernels, which after they be ripe are of a gallant crimlon colour, and full of mice; which differc thin tafte according to thefoyle, climate and countric where they grows; feme be fweete,others fower,and the third are in a middle betweene them both,hauing the tafte of wine. 2 The wilde Pomegranate tree is like the other in leaues and twiggie branches, bearing flowers yerie double,as may appeere by the figure,which wither and fall away, leauing no fruit behind it,as the double fiowred Cnerriedoth, and diuers other herbes and trees alfo; and is akogither barren of o » ne% THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE of fruits; of this Diofioride's maketh fundry forts, differing in colour: one is white faith he, another yellowifh red,a third fort of the colour of the Rofc: this with red flowers is beft knowne among the Apothecaries. . 1 Malta Granata,fuse Tunica. The Pomegranate tree. 2 Balauflia. The flowers of the wilde Pomegranate tree. # The place. Pomegranates grow in hot countries toward the iouth,in Italy, Spaine, and chiefly in the king, dome of Granado, which is thought to be fo named of the great multitude of Pomegranats which Le commonly called they grow in a number of places alfo without manuring; yet being manured they profper better^ for in gardens,vineyards,orchards,& other like husbanded grounds, they come vp mere cheerefully: I haue recouered diners yoong trees hecrof,by lowing of the feed or graines,of the height of three or fower cubits, attending Gods leifure for flowers and fruite. it The time. The Pomegranate flowreth in the moneth of May andlune: the fruite is ripe in the ende of Auguft. & The names. The Pomegranate tree is called in La tine Malta Punic a: in Greeke ab ^Attica \ 6*, and ah Ionihm p'oi^as Galen faith: in Englifh Pomegranate tree : the fruite is alfo named po* 3 or po/* ; in Latinc Ma¬ lum Punicnm: in Ihops Malum,or Pomum Granatum • in high Dutch ^aUfltCpfFdl X in low Dutch <i 5 /Snatappl€ X in Italian Melagrano, and PornoGranato : liiSpanifh Granados, and Romanos : in French Pommes Gramdes: in Englifh Pomegranate. The flower of the fruitefull Pomegranate tree is called cf the Grecians ydma : which is not* withftanding properly the cup of the flower :the Latines name it alfo Cytinta. The flower of the wilde and barren Pomegranate tree is called BaW^or. the Apothecaries do Sikewife tearme it Balaufhum. The pill or rinde of the Pomegranate which is fo much in vie, is named in Greeke nfiov in Latin Matter turn pend Ssdmm: in fhops it is called Cortex granatorum, or Pomegranate Pill* £ The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1261 !■ • < ft The temperature and virtues. ThefltiickgraincsofrhePomegranate are good to be eaten, hailing in them a meecely good A itrice: theyare holioine for the ftomacke 3 but they all conteine rn them a thinne and finall nourifh- ment,ornoneatalI. The fweete ones be not fo coideas the reft 3 but they eafilycaufe hot fwellings to arife, and they B arc not fbtmich commendedfor agues. Thefower ones, andefpecially if they be withallfomthingharfb, doeuidentlv coole 3 dry, andC fomthingbinde. Theyare good for thehartburnc 3 tbey reprefleand flay the otter much vomiting ofcholer 3 cal- D Ied : the Felonie,they are a remedy againit the bloudy flixc 3 aptneilio vomit,and vomite it lelfe. . There, i^made of theiuiceofthofe lower Pomegranates a fyfupe 3 which fortieth for the fame E purpofes,and is alio many times very profitable for women with chi'depart.'' Libor ant ibu vhlefFe the coldnesof the ftomacke be a hinderance thereunto. The feedes ofthe graines. andefpeciallyof the fower Pomegranatc 3 being dried 3 do Tike-wife F coole and binde. • They flop the flixe 3 ftay vomiting, and ftanch the {pitting vp of blond, they (Iren gthen the flo- G ipacke. Of rhe fame cffedl be the flowers,both of the tame and wilde Pomegranate ;«£$,being like to the H feedes in temperature and vertues. They fallen the teeth,and flreiigthen the gums 3 ifthe fame be wafhed therewith. T They are good againft burflings that come by falling downc of the guts, if they be vied in plai- K flers and applied. fo \ - - The rinde or pill, is not on’cly like in faculty to the fcedes,and both the forts of flowers, but alfo L more auaileable ;for itcpoleth and bindeth more forceab!y,it bringeth downe the hot fwelling ; of the almonds in the throtc, being vfed in a gargarifme or a lotion for the throte 3 and it is a Angular remedy for all things that needecoolingand binding. D/o/rw^rwriteth, that there isalio gathered a i nice out of both thofeforts of flowers, which is M very like in faculty and venue to Hypociflii , as the fame author affirmeth. The bloflomes of the tame and wilde Pomegranates, as alfo the rinde or fhell thereof made into N powder, and drunke in red wine,or boiled in red wine, and the decoblion drunks , is good againft the bloudy flixe,and all other iftlies of blond j yea it is good for women to fit ouer, and bath thern- felues in the decoftion heerof: thefe forefaid bloflomes and fhels are good alfo to be put into ic- ftraining powders,for the ftancbiug of blond in wounds. The leedes or ftoncs of Pomegranates dried in the funne,and beaten to powder, arc of like npc- P ration with the flowers: they flop the laske and all ifllies of blond in man or woman,being taken in maner aforefaid. Ofthe Quin ce tree. Chap .pi. ft The hi rides. Olumella maketh three kinds of Qui n c e s 3 S truthia ,chryfame liana, and Muflela , but what manor ones they belie doth not declare, notwithftanding wefinde diners forts differing as well in forme, as tafte and fubftance of thefruite, whereof fonic haue much core and many kernels, and others fewer. ft The defer ipt ion. T He Quince tree is not great.but groweth low,and many times in maner of a fhrub : it is cone' red with a rugged bark, which hath on it now and then certain fcales:it fpreadeth his boughes in compafle like other trees 5 about which (land leaues fomewhat round, like thole of the com¬ mon Apple tree,greene &fmoorh aboue, and vnderneathfoft and white: the flowers be of a \\ hire purple colour: the fruite is like an apple, fane that many times it hath certainc embowed and (wel¬ ling diuifions; itdiffereth in fafhion &bignesffor feme Quinces are lefler & round truft vp togirhec at the top with ivrinckles,others longer & greater: the third fort be after a middle maner betweene THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE both; they are all of them fet with a thinne cotton or freeze, and be of the colour of gold,and hurt- full to the head by reafon of their drong fined ;they all like wife haue a kinde of choking tafte.: the pulpe within is yellowe 3 and the feede blackifh , lying in harde skins , as do the kernels of other Apples. s I- Mtlus Cotone a.] The Quince tree. ft The place. The Quince tree groweth in gardens and or¬ chards, arid is planted oftentimes in hedges and fences belonging to gardens and vineyards: it delighteth to grow on plainc and euen grounds, and fomewhat moift wit hall. ft The time. Thefc Apples be ripe in the fall of the Ieafe, ana cniefely in Odtobcr. ft The names. The tree is calledin Greekwf^ain La- tine Malm Cotonea: in Englifn Quince tree. Thefruite is named whov.wiJtfow.. Mdum Co - toneum y Pomnm Cydonium, and many times Cydo¬ nium, without any addition; by which name it is made knowne to the Apothecaries: it is called in high Dutch i&uftten* £Durttai0pfe!G or IdUtiHOplfCl tin lowe Dutch dueapptf: in Italian Me/e cotogne: in Spanifh Codoyons , Mem- brilhosznd MarmeUos:h} French Pommedecoing: in Engiifh Quince. ft The temperature and vertues. Quinces becolde and dry in the fecond de¬ gree.,&aife> very much binding, efpecially when they be ra we ; they haue like wife in them a cer- T taine iuperfluous and excrementall mpidure, which will not differ them to lie long without rotting: they are feldome eaten rawe: being rolled or baked they be more pleafant. B They drengthen rhe domacke,day vomiting',flop Iasks,and alfo the bloudy flixe. C They are good for thofe that fpitvpbjoud, or that vomitebloud; and for women alio that haue too'great plenty of their monethly courfe. D Simeon Sethi writeth,that the woman with childe, which eateth many Quinces during the time ofhir breeding; fhall bring foorth wife children ana of good vnderdanding. E The Marmalade 3 or Cotiniate 3 made of Quinces and Sugar 3 is good Stprofitable for the drength- ning of the domacke,that it may retaine and keepe the rneate therein vntil it be perfedly digefted; it likewife ftaieth all kinds of fltixes 3 both of the belly and other parts 3 and alfo of bloudrwhich Co- tiniate is made in this maner. F Take faire Quinces, pare them, cut them in peeces,and cad away the core, then put vnto euery pound of Quinces a pound of fugar,and to euery pound offugar a pint of water: thefe mud be boi¬ led togither ouer a dill fire vntill they be very fo t, then let it be drained or rather rubbed through a drainer,or an hairic fieue which is better, and then fer it ouer the fire to boilc againe, vntill it be fliffe 3 &r fo boxc it vp,and as it cooleth put thereto a little rofe water, and a few grains ofmuske,welI mingled togither 5 which will giuea goodly tafte vnto the Cotiniat. This is the way to make Mar¬ malade. G Take whole Quinces and boile them in water vntill they be as fold as a fealded codling or apple, then pill oifthe skin,and cut off the fie fh,and ftampe it in a done mortar; then draine it as you did the Cotiniate; afterward put it into a pan to div. but not to fee th at all: & vnto euery pounde of the flefli of Quinces,put three quarters of a pound of fugar,and in the cooling you may putin rofe wa- ter 3 aod a little muske^as was iaide before. There HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1265 There is boiled with Quinces an oile which is called in Greekc or oile of Quinces, which H we vfe faith DiofcoridesSo oft as we haue need of a binding thing. The feede of Qmnces tempered with water, doth make a mufcilage, or a thing like icily , which I being held in the mouth, is maruellous good to take awaytheroughnesof thetoong in hot bur¬ ning feauers. The fame is good to be Iaide vpon burnings,or fealdings, and to be put into gliders againft the K bloudy flixe;for it eafeth the paine of the guts,and alaieth the fharpnes of biting humours. Many other excellent,dainty and wholefome confedlions are to be made of Quinces,as ielly of L Quinces,and fuch odde conceits,which for breuitie fake I do now let pade. Of the <£hfedlar tree . fhap. 92 . & Thekindes. 'T^Here be diuers forts ofMedlersjfome greater, others leder;lbmefweete,and others of a more harlh tafte; fome with much core, and many great ftonie kernels, others fewer 3 and likewife one of Naples,c ailed ^Aronm* I Mejpilus. The manured Medlar. 2 CMefyilus ^fronia. The Neapolitane Medlar. ^ The description. I He manured Medler tree is not great; the body whereofis writhedithe boughes harde,not esfle to be brokenrthe leaues be longer, yet narrower then thofe of the apple tree: the flo¬ wers are white and great,hauing Hue leaues a peece: the fruite is final], round , and hatha broad comp ailed nauell or crovvne at the top: the pulpe or meate is at the firft white, & fo hai fh or chqking, 3 166 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE j> The fruite of the three graine Medlar , is eaten both rawe and boiled , and is more wholefome for theftomacke. gratiell choking,that it cannot be eaten before it become fbft;iti which are contained hue feedes or ftones, which be fiat and hard. 2 The Neapolitane Medlar tree,groweth to the height Sc greatnes of an apple tree, hailing many tough & hard boughes or branches,(ct with fharp thorns like the white Thorn,or Hawthorn the leaues are very much,cut or lagged like the Hawthorne leaues, but greater,and more like Smallage, orParfley, whichleaues before they rail from the tree do waxe red; among thefe leaues come foorth great tufts of flowers of a pale herby colour, which being pail there fucceedeth finall, long fruite, Idler then the fmalleft Medlar, which at the firft are hard, andgreeneof colour; but when they be ripe,they are both foft and red, ofafweeteandpIcafanttaiTe, wherein is conteined three fmall hard ftones,as in the former, which be the kernels 5 or feeds thereof. There is a dwarife kinde of Medlar growing naturally vpon the Alpes, and hils ofNarbone and Verona, which hath beene by fome of the bed learned efteemed for a kinde of Medlar ; others whofe judgements cannot ftande with truth or probabilitie,haue fuppofed it to be Euonmmffc the Alpes: this dwarfte Medlar groweth like a fmall hedge tree, of fower or flue cubits high, bearing many fmall twiggie wandes or crops, befet with many (lender leaues , greene aboue, and of a ski® colour vnderneath, in fhewe and to beholde adwarffe Apple tree, but the fruite is very like the Hawe,or fruite of the white Thorne,and of a red colour. '& 7 he place. The Medlar trees do grow in Orchards,and oftentimes in hedges among briars and brambles; being grafted in a white thorne itprolpereth woonderfull well, and bringeth foorth fruite twife or thrife bigger then thole that are not grafted at all } alruoft as great as little apples: wehaue diuers forts of them in our orchards. ❖ The time. It is very late before Medlars be ripe,which is in the end of 0 &ober,but the flowers come foorth timely inough. tfc The flames. The firfc is called in Greeke by TheophraflusuzamKYi in Latine Meflilm: in high Dutch JugfpCb frftUttt ? in loweDutch C^'lfpCibCJOU'SC t in French 2{efflier :in Engfifh Medlar tree. The Apple or fruite is named in Greeke yAam\ovi in Latine likewife Mefpilum; in higli Dutch JSEfprf; inlovve Dutch in Italian Neflolo: in French T^effle: in Spanifh Nefteras: in Englifh Medlar. Diofcorides affirmeth,that this Medlar tree is alfb called Zfomri*;, &of diners sit anion: Galen alfo in his bookc ofthe faculties of Simple medicines, nameth this Epimelis, which is called as he laith, bv the countrcy men in Italic Vnedo , and groweth plentifully in Calabria; for vnder the name of Me- Jjsihupt Medlar tree,he meaneth no other then Trieoccsss,which is alio named ^Aroma. The Neapolitane Medlar tree is called in Greeke yji'emhoi: and itecctrjtol •. Galen callcth it Epimelis : The fruite heereof is called Tricoccos, of the three graines or ftones that it hath: they of Naples call it (Mzarolo and we may name it in Englifh three graine Medlar : or Neapolitane Medlar, or Medlar of Naples. ‘E The temperature. ~ The Medlars are cold,drie,and aftringent ;the leaues are ofthe fame nature : the dwarffe Med¬ lar is dry,fharpe,and aftringent. He The vertues. Medlars do flop the belly, efpecialiy when they be greene and hardc; for after that they haue been kept a while,fo that they become foft and tender, they do not binde or flop fo much, blit are then more fit to be eaten. Thefe Medlars be oftentimes preferued with fugar or hony; and being fo prepared they arc pleafant and delightfull to the tafte. Moreouer,they are lingular good for women with childc, for they ftrengthen the ftomacke,and ftay the Iothfomnes thereof. The ftones or kernels of the Medlars,made into powder and drunke,do breake the ftone, expell ad procure vrine. Of * I 2 tf 7 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. OftbeTearetree. Chap.9]. % The kinder. T O write of Pearcs and Apples in particular, woulde require a particular volume : theftocke or kindred ofPearcs are not to be numbred: euery countrey hath his peculiar fruite;my felfe knowe fome one, curious in Graffing and Planting ofFruites, who hath in one peece of ground, at the point of three fcore fundrie forts ofPeares, and thofe exceeding good, not doubting but if his minde had beene to feeke after multitudes, he might haue gotten togither the like number of thofe of worffe kindes ; befides the diuerfides of thofe that be wilde, experience fheweth fun- dry forts: and therefore I thinke it not amiffe to fet downe the figures of fome fewe with their fe- uerall titles, as well in Latine as Englifh, and one generali defeription for that,that might be faide of many,which to deferibe apart, were to fend an Owle to Athens, or to number thole things that are without number. I Pyra Priced a. The Iennetting Peare. 2 Pyra Ucob&&. Saint lames Peare. •it The generali defeription. T He Peare tree is for the moft part higher then the Apple tree, hauing boughes not fpreade abroadfout growing vp in height: the body is many times great: the timber or woode it felfe is very tradable or eafie to be wrought vpon, exceeding fit to make moulds or prints to be grauen on,of colour tending to yellownes .-the leafe is fomewhat broad, finely nicked in the edges, greene aboue,and fomewhat whiter vnderneathrthe Bowers are white: the Peares,tbat is to fay,the fruite,are for the moft part long,and in forme like a Top; but in grea tnes, colour, forme, and tafte, very much differing among themfelues: they be alfo couered with skins or coats of ftindry colours; theptilpcor meatediffereth, as well in colour as tafte; there is contcined in them kernels, blacke when they be ripe: theroote growethftraight downe,with fome branches running aflcpe. 3 PyrA S2tStf THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Pyyf'jn Regale. The Pc are Roy all „ 4 Pyrum Palatimm, TheBurgomot Peare. 5 P ynim C ydonium. The Quince Peare. 6 Pyrum Epifccpatum. The Bifhops Peare. I HISTORIE OF PLANTS.- 7 Pyrw fuperbafte Katherina* 8 Tyrwhyem&lis . The Katherine Peare tree. The Winter Peare tree. &7 heplace. The tame Peare trees are planted in orchards,as be the apple trecs : Quorum varia in ft tone ex agre- Jtibus mites ac elides frucius redditiJunt. AH thefe before fpecified, and many fortes more, and thofc moft rare and good, are growing in the ground of Matter Richard Pointer, a moft cunning and curious graffer and planter of al! manner of rarefruites, dwellinginafmall village neere London called Tvvicknam; and alfo in the ground of an excellent graffer and painfull jjlanter,Mafter Henry Banbury,ok Touthiil ftreete neere vn to Weftm'inftcrj and likewife in the ground of a diligent and moftaife&ionatelouerof plants Maher IVarnar neere Horley Downe by London, and in diuers other grounds about London(but beware the Bag and Bottle) feeke elfewherc for good fruit faith- ftiily deliuered. iiThe time. The flowers do for the moft part comefoorth in Aprill, theleaues afterwardes: aUPearesare not ripe atone time 5 fome be ripe in Iuly,others in Auguft, and diuers in September or later. it The names. The tame or orchard Peare tree is called in Greekecmo*,or with a double tttcW©-: in Latin Pyrus *,vrbana, or Cultiua: of Tarcntznus in his Geoponikes *vnn<fioe. in high Dutch ♦ in lowe Dutch PccthOOlU t in French Porr/er. The Peare or fruit it felfe is called in Greeke in Latine Pyrum: in high Durch TBiTll ♦ in lowe Dutch PcerU in Italian Pere ; in French Poyre : in Spanffh Per as: in Bnglifh Peare. ic The temperature and verities . Leaning the diners and fundrie furnamps of Peares, let vs come to the faculties which the A Nnnn 1 phiiicians 1270 THE THIRD ROOKE OF THE phifitians ought to knowe 5 which alfo varie according to differences of the tades : for fomc Peares are dvcete, diners fat and vn&uous, others fewer, andmoftareharfh, efpecially the wiide Peares, andfome confidof diners mixtures of tades, and feme hau'ihg no fade at all, but as it were of water. A All Peares are colde, and all haue a binding qualitic and an earthie fubdance ; but the Choke Peares, and thofe that are harfh be more earthie, and the fweete ones ledc : whic h fubdance is fo full of fuperffiious moydureinfome, as that they cannot be eaten rawe. All manner of Pearesdo binde add dop the belly,efpecially the Choke and harfh ones, which ar^good to be eaten of thofe that hauc the laske and-the bloodie flixe. B The harfli and auftete Peares may with good fuccedc be laide vpon hot dvellings in the begin- ningjas may be the leaues of the tree,which do both binde and code. C Wine made of the Mice of Peares called in Englifh Perry,is folubIe,purgeth thofe chat are not accuffomed to drinke thereof; notwithdandingit is as wholefomc a drinke being taken in fmall cjuantitic as wine; it comforteth and warmeth the domacke, and caufeth good digedion. Ofthe ivildeTear e tree. Chap. 94 .. 'it Thekindcs. E Ven as there be diners forts of the manured Peares,fo are there to be found fundrie wilde;fomc greater than others, fome ofbetter tade, and others worfe; and yet all of them wiide or hedge fruit, whereof to write apart were to fmall purpofe: therefore this generall defeription following, with their feuerall titlcs 3 thall be diffident for their didindions. l PyrumjlrangnUtorinm maim. 2 Pyrumfiranjulatorium minus. The great Choke Peare. The dual I Choke Peare* it The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1271 I * N H- T hegener all deforest ion. T HewildePearetreegrowethlikewife great, vprighr, full ofbranches, for the mold part Py- ramideslike, or of the fafhionof aftceple, not fpread abroad as is the Apple or Crabtree; the timber ofthe rrunke or body ofthe tree, is very firmeand folide, and likewifefmooth, a woode very fit to make diuers fortes of inftrumcnts of, as alio the haftes of fundry tooles to worke vvithall; and Iikewife ferueth to be cut into many kindes of mouldes, notonely filch prints as thcfe figures are made of, but alfo many forts of pretie toies, for coifes,breft plates, and filch like, vfedi among our Englifh gentlewomen: the brandies are fmooth, couered with a blackifh barke, verie fragile or eafie to breake, whereon do grow leaues, in fome greater; in other lefler: the flowers are like thofe ofthe manured Peare tree, yet fome whiter then others: the fruite differ not in fhape,yet fome ofthem aregreater then others; but in tafte they differ among themfelues in dimers notable points, fome are fharpe, lower, and of an auftere tafle; fome more pleafant, others harfh and bit¬ ter ; and fome of fuch a choking taftc,that they are not to be eaten of hogs and wilde beafts; much lefle of men; they alfo differ in colour ,euery circumftancc wherof to diftinguifh apart woul d great¬ ly enlarge our volume, and bring vnto the Reader fmall profile or commodities therefore in briefethefefewewordsfhallferuefor their leuerall deferiptions. \ 1 Nnnn a 5 Pjra 3272 THE THIRD BOOKS OF THE Pyriti Ped>cuidr/a. The Lovvfie wilae Peare. 6 Pyrut Coruin, 1 . Ihe Crowe Peare tree. # The place. The wildePearcs groweof themfelues without manuring in moft places, as in woods, or in the borders of fields, and ncere vnto high waies. •& The tme. Thetimeof wilde Peares anfwcreth the cameonnanured Peare, notwithftanding forthemofi: part they are not ripe much before winter. # The names. The wilde Peare tree is called in Latine vyrusfy uestris and Pyr.iJIer : in Greeke*xe^ f: by which name both the fruit and tree are knowen. Peaces haue diuers furnames among the old writers, and Tecially in Plenie in his 15.booke 15 .chapter,none of which are knowen to the later writers (or not defired) euery citie or euery countrie haue names of themfclues,and Peares haue alio diuers names according to the places. ie The temperature. AU Peares areof a colde temperature, and the moil part of them of a binding qualitie and an carthie fubftance. #• The vertues. The venues of thevvilde Peares are referred vnto the garden Peares as touching their binding facultie,but are not to be eaten,bicaufe their nouriihment is little and bad. Of the pple tree . Chap. 95. & Thekindes. He Latinenatne ^/^'Wreacbeth far among the olde writers, and is common to manytreesj, but we will briefely fiilt mtreate of Man, properly called Apple trees, whofe ftocke or kinred is HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1273 is fo infinite, that we hauc thought itnotamiffe, tovfethe fame order or method with Apples that we haue done with Peares, thatis,togiuethemfeueraIltitIesin Latine andEnglifh, and one general! defcription for the whole. I Mdtu Carbon aria. 2 Malta Carbonari* longofntttti. 1 he Pome Water tree. The Bakers ditch Apple tree. it The generall defcription. T He Apple tree hath a bodie or trunke commonly of a meane bigneffe, not very high, ha¬ iling long armes or branches, and the fame difordered : the barke fomewhat plaine, and not very rugged : the leaues be broad, more long than round, andfineiy nicked in the edges. The flowers arewhitifh tending to a blufin colour. Thefruiteor Apples do differ in greatnes, forme, colour and tafte ; fomecouered with a red skin, others yellowe or greene, varying infi¬ nitely according to the foyle and climate ;fbme very great, fome little, and many of a middle fort 3 lome are lweete of tafte, orlomething lower; inoftbe of a middle tafte betweene fweete and fower, the which to diftinguifh I thinke it impofiible ; notwithftandingl heareof one that intendeth to write a peculiar volume of Apples, and the vie of them ; yet when he hath done that he can do, he hath done nothing touching their leuerall kindes to diftinguifh them. This that hath beene faide, fhall fuffice for our hiftorie. 1 Nnnn 3 Malum 2274 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 3 Malum regale. The King of Apples. 5 Pla tome (aflue P yra ajhua. The fonnmer Pearemaine. 4 Malum reginale. The Quining,or Queene of Apples. 6 Platarchapia fee Pyra hycmatia. The winter Pearemaine. HISTORI.F, OF PLANTS. 1275 .V; i r'/'fi • ' '• s. ; : 'kTh’epkteux fy... The tame and graffed Apple trees are planted andleciin gardens and orchards made for that ptirpole: they delight to growe in goodand fertilf grounds : Kent doth abound with Apples of moft fortes. But I haue feene in thepaftutes and hedge rowes about the grounds of a worfhipfull Gentleman dwelling two miles from Hereford calledM.ft^r Bodnome, fo many trees of all fortes, that the feruants drinke for the moft part noothendrihke, but that which is made of Apples. The quantitieis fuch,that bythereport ofthe Gentleman himfelfe,the Parfbn hath for tithe many hog- < (heads of Syder. The hogs are fed with the fallings o-f. them, which are fo many, that they make choife of thofe Apples they do eate, who will not tafte of any but of thebeft. An example doiibe- downe.our hedges,and Gentlemen that haue land and lining: (but enuie faith, the poore will breake lelleto befollowedof wcfhafl haue the leaftpartof the fruit) butforward in thenameof God, gratfe, let, plant and nourilh vp trees in euery cornerof your grounds, tnelabour isfmall, thecoft is nothing, the commoditie is great, your felues fhall haue plentie, the poore fhall haue lomwhat in time of want to relieue their, necefluie, and God (hall reward your good mindes and diligence, ibi'i. -r/v ■: ' ' v rbbo. u. .3barf lev; t .i d - . . • • * ' ^ The time. They bloome about the end of April! or in the beginning of May. The forward Apples be ripe about the Calends of Iuly,others in September. \ & The names. The Apple tree is called in Greeke wrU: in Latine Maltts and Pomut : in high Dutch Cpfixl* hattm X in lowe Dutch ^ppelbOCUtl ♦ in French Pommier fin Englifh Apple tree. The Grecians name the fruit ffihov: theLatines Malum or Pomum : in high Dutch CpffCli % in in lowe Dutch 3pp£l X in French and Spanish Manfanas : in Englifh Apple. it The temperature. , All Apples be of temperaturecold and moift, and haue ioyned with them a certaine excremen- tall or fuperfluous moyfture: but as they be not all of like coldnes, fo neither haue they like cjiian- titie of fuperfluous moyfture.They are fooneft rotten that haue greateft (lore of moyfture,and they may be longer kept in which there is 1 Idle ftore: for the abundance of excrementall moyfture is the caufe why they rot. Sweete Apples are not fo cold and moyft, which being rolled or boy led, orotherwifekept, re- taine or keepe the loundnes of their piilpe. They yeeld more nourifhment, and not fo moylt a nourifhment as do the other apples, & do not (oealily palle through the belly. Sower Apples arc colder and alio moyller : the fubftanceorpulpe of tnefe when they bebov- led, doth run abroad, andretainethnothisfoundnelfe : they yeelde a lelTer nourifhment, and the fa merawe and cold. They do eafily and Ipeedily palle through the belly,and therfore they do mollifie the belly, efpe- cially being taken before meate. Harfh or auftere Apples being vnripe, are cold j they ingender grofte blood, and great ftore of winde,and often bring the collicke. Thofe Apples which be of a middle tafte containe in them oftentimes two or three forts of tails, and yet do they retainc the faculties of the other, & Thevcrtues. Rolled Apples are alwaies better than the rawe, the harme whereof is both mended by the fire, A and may alfo be corrected by adding vnto them leedes or fpices. Apples be good for an hot ftomacke: thofe that are auftere or lomewhat harfh, do ftrengthen a B weake and feeble ftomacke proceeding of heate. Apples are alfo good for all inflammations or hot fwellings, butelpeciallyfor filch as are in be- C ginning,ifthe fame be outwardly applied. The iuice of Apples which be fweete and ofa middle tafte, is mixed in compofitions of diners D medicines, and alfo for the tempering of melancholic humours, and likewife to mend the qualities of medicines that are drie: as are Seraphim ex pomis RegisJaporis^Antidotum ex grants Cocci Baphici : , and luch like compofitions. There is likewife made an ointment with the pulpe of Apples and Swines greafe qndRofe E Nnnn 4 water. 1 1276 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE water,which is vied tobeautifie the face,and to take away theroughnes of the skin, which is called in fhops Pomatum, of the Apples whereof it is made. E Thepulpeof the rolled Apples, in number fower or flue,according to the greatnefle of the Ap¬ ples ,efpeciall of the Pome-water, mixed in a wine quart of faire water, laboured togither vntill it come to be as Apples and Ale, which we callLambes Wooll, and the whole quart drunke laft at night, within the fpace of an hovver, doth in one night cure thofe that pilTe by droppes with great anguifh and dolour; the ftrangurie, and all other dileales proceeding of thedifficultie ofmakingwater;butintwifctakingit,itneucrfaiIethinany: oftentimes there hapneth with the forefaid difeafes the Gonorrhea, or running of the raines,which it likewile healeth in thofe perlons, but not generally in all; which my felfe haue often prooued, and gained thereby both crownes andcredite. F Theleauesof thetreedocooleandbindejand be alfo counted good for inflammations,in the the beginning. G Apples cut in peeces, and diftilled with a quantitie ofCamphere and butter milke, taketh away the marks and fears gotten by the final! pockes, being vvafhed therewith when they grow vnto their {late or ripenes :prouided that you giue vnto the patient a little milke and faffron, or milke and mi- thridate to drinke, to expell to the extreme parts that venome which may lie hid, and as yet not leene. Of the JVilding and Crab tree . Qiap . 5 ? 6 • & i he kindes. L ike as there be diuers manured Applesfo is there fundry wilde Apples, or Crabs, whereof to write apart tvere to fmall purpole, and therefore one deferiptien for the reft fhall fuffice. I Mdlui fyluejirts rubens. The great Wiidingjor red Crab tree. 2 Maltu fylueflris alha. The white Wilding,or Crab tree. I* !IC HISTORIE OF PLANTS, 1772 ic The general! defeription. T Hcre be diuers wilde Apple trees not husbanded ,that is to fay,not graftedjthe fruit wherofis harfh and binding: for by grafting both Apples and Peares become more milde and pleafanr. The Crab or Wilding tree groweth oftentimes to a reafonable greatnes, equall with the Ao- pie tree: the woode is harde, firme, and folid; the barke rough j the branches or boughes many; the flowers and fruite like thole of the Apple tree; fome red, others white; Ibme greater,others lelfer: the difference is knowne to all,therefore it fhallfiiffice what hath beene (aide for their feuerall di- ftin&ions: we haue in our London gardens a dwarffekinde of fweete Apple, called CharntmaiM, the dwarffe Apple tree,or Paradice Apple, which beareth Apples very timely without grafting. 3 Malm fylueJlris minor. The fmaller Crab tree. 4 Malta duracinafyluettrii. The choking Ieane Crab tree. #7 he place. The Crab tree groweth wilde in woods and hedge rowes,almolt euery where. *k The time. The time anfwereth thole of the garden. & The names. Their feuerall titles doth let foorth their names in Latine and Englifh. The temperature. Of the temperature of wilde Apples, hath beene fufficicntly Ipoken of in the former chapter. # The vertues. The iuice of wilde Apples or Crabs,takcth away the heate of burnings,fealdings,and al in flam- A mations: and being laid on in fhort time after it is lcaldcd,it keepeth it from bliftring. The iuice of Crabs,orVeriuice ; isaftringent or binding, and hath withallanabfterfiueor clen- B .. fi»s 1178 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ling qualitie,being mixed with hard yeeft of Ale or Beere ,and applied in maner of a cold ointment, that is/pred vpon a cloth firft wet in the Veriuice and wroong out, and then Iaide to, taketh away the heate of Saint Anthonies fire; all inflammations whatfoeuer,healethfcabbed legs, burnings, andicaldings wherefoeuer it be. | pt r . . . fr-x . ' r : : ; . : 1 . ) • • - j i.. . •. ; ■'! %'S 1 Of the CiironJLimon , Orange , and ^Afyrian Apple trees* Chap.jj* .i »b | ■> * • " . "■ K .siibi n ii.fb'diiw (1 i i v waalc qA h-j f ; ~ & The kinds $. T He Citron tree is of kindred .with the Limon tree; the Orange is of the fame houfe or ftocke 5 and the AfTyrian Apple tree claimeth a place as neereft in kinred and neighbourhood: whereof ^ve intend to make one entire chapter. i? The deferij tiott. I *’■“5“*He Citron tree is not very great,hauing many bcughes or branches, tough &: pliable, co* 1 tiered with a greenebarke: whereon do grow greene leaues,long,fomewhatbroade, verie fmooth,and Iweete pf fmell,like thofe of the Baie tree: among which, come foorth heere and thcfecertaine prickles,let farre in funder: from the bofome wherofeome foorth fmall flowers, confiding offiue little lea.ues,of a white colour tending to purple, with ccrtaine threeds like haires growing in the middle: the fruite is longjgreater many times then the Cucumber 3 often lefler } and not HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1279 not much greater then the Limon: thebarkeor rinde is ofa light golden colour, fetwithdiuers I knobs or bumps, and of a very pleafant fmell: thepulpe orfubftance next vntoitis thickc, white, harde,hauing a kinde of aromaticall or fpicie fmell, almoft without any tafte at all; the foftcr pulpe within that is not fofirme or folide,but more fptingie, and full of afoweriuice, in which the fee.dc lieth hid, greater and thicker then a graine of Barly. 2 The Limon tree is like v.nto the Pome Citron tree in growth, thorney branches, and leaues, of a pleafant fweete (mell,like thofe of the Baie tree: the flowers hecreof arc whiter then thbfe of the Citron tree,and of a mod fweete fmell: the fruitc is long and thicke, letfer then the Pome Citron : the rinde is vellovv/omewhat bitter in tafte,and fw.eere of liiielf: thepulpe is white, in quanti tie lit¬ tle in refped: of the Citron; in the middle part whereof is conreined more ioft/pungie pulpe, and fuller of mod fovver iuicc: the feedes are like thofe of the Pome Citron. 3 c Makes arantia. 4 Ma/w ^fffyrix. X The Orange tree. The Aftyiian Apple tree. Jf. 7he Asfcription. 3 The Orange tree groweth vp to the height ofa frnall Peare tree, hailing manv thorny boughes or branches, like thofe of the Citron tree: the leaues are alfo like thofe of rhe Baie tree, ofa fweete fmell: the flowers are white,of a mod pleafant fweet fmell alio: the fruit is rounde like a bail, euerie circumftance belonging to rhe forme is very well knowne to.all; the tafte is fower,{bmtimes Iweer, and often ofa tafte betweene both: the feedes are like thofe of the Limon. 4 The Aflyrian Apple tree is like vnto the Orange tree: the branches are like: the leaues arc greater: the flowers are like thole of the Citron tree: the fruite is rounde, three rimes as bigge as the Orange: the barke or peeling is thicke,rough,and of a pale yellow colour, wherein appe '.reof- tenasitwerefinallcliftesorcrackes: the pulpe or inner fubftance is full of iuice; in tafte fharpe, as that of the Limon,but not foplealant: the feedes are like thofe ofthe Citron. itTbe siBo THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE # The place. The Citron 3 Limon, and Orange trees, do grow efpecially in the fea coafls of Italy ,and on the Hands of Adriatict & Tyrrhene , and alfo ^AEgai marts, and likewife on the mainc land,neere vnto meeres and great lakes : there is alio great (tore heerof in Spaine, but in places efpecially ioining to the fea,or not farreoffrthey are alfo found in certaineprouinces of France which lie vpon the midland fea. They were firfl brought out of Media, as not onely Flinie writeth, but alfo the Poet Virgil affirmeth in the fecond booke of his Georgickes,writing of the Citron tree after this maner: . • - J • ; Med a fert trifles fuccos, tardimquefaporem Fehcii mail, quo nonprajentius rvlltm , Poculaflquundo faux infecerenouerca, Mifcueruntque herbas, & non innoxia verba , o duxilium venit ,ac membris agt at ■■■a venena. Ip fa ingens arbosfaciemque flmlhma Lauro. Et fi non ahum late : a claret odorem, Laurm entfolia baud vllis labentia ventu, Flos apprime Una x,animos fr olent!a Medi O/a fouent i,,o, &j'enibm medic ant ur anbeiis* The countrey Media beareth iuices fad. And dulling tallies of happie Citron frute, Than which no helpe more prefent can be had. If any time llepmothers woorfc than brute Haue poifon’d pots,and mingled herbs of fute. With hurtfull charmes: this Cition fruite doth chafe Blacke venome from the body in euery place. The tree it felfe in growth is huge and big, And very like in fhcw the Laureil tree; And would be thought a LaureII,leafe and twig. But that the fmell it calls doth dilagree: The fiowre in holde as fall: as flowie may bee: Therewith the Medes a remedie do finde, For {linking breathes and mouths a cure moll kinde. And helpe old men which hardly fetch their vvinde, & The time, Thefe trees be alwaies greene, and do as Pltme laith,beare fruite at all times ofthe yeere;fomc falling off,others waxing ripe; and others newly in commingfoorth. The names. The full is called in Greeke wt&auAim : in Latme Malm Medica , and c JMalm Citria : in Englifh Citron rree,or Pome Citron tree. The fruite is named in Greeke vuiJ)yiv : in Latine Malum medicum , or Malum Citriumpxi d Ci- tromalum . AEmylianm in Mthenam fheweth, that Iuba king ofMauritania hath made mention of the Citron, who faith, that this apple is named among them Malum Hefpericum : Galen denieth it to be called any longer Malummcdicum, but Citrium , and faith, that they who call it M?dicum,do it to that end that no man Should vnderfland what they fay: the Apothecaries call thefe Apples Ci- trones : in high Dutch CittlH DpffClb tfl'Utfttllt ♦ in lowe Dutch CtttOCUCn ♦ in Italian Citroni , and Cedri * in Spamfh Cidras: in French Citrons: in Englifh Citron Apple,and Citron. The fecond kinde of Citron is called in Latine LtmonyummaUm: inlhops Lmoncs : in French Umons :in low Dutch %. UIIOhEtK in Englifh Limon,and Lemon. The third is named Malum an ay antrum pi eAnerantium , and of feme uAur ant lumpt others Au- rengium ,of the yellow colour of g Id •, fome woulde haue them called Arantia of KMrantium , a towne in Achaia,or Arania,of a conntrey bearing that name in Perfia : it is termed in Italian Aran- cp : m high Dutch PfllTOanliftt: in low Dutch TtaCRgie kfppcLR ♦ in French Fommes d’ Orenges: in Spanifh Naranjos: in HnglilTi Orenges. The The fruite medicinable. The fiowre medicinable. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1281 The fourth is named ofdiners Pomuw^AJfyrium, or Citron of Aflyria, and may be Englifhed Adams apple,after the Italian name, and among the vulgar fort of Italians Lomie 7 of whom it is al¬ io called Pomum Alttmipi Adams apple,and that came by the opinion of the common rude peo¬ ple,who thinke it to be the fame Apple, of which Adam did eate in Paradife when he tranfgrefled Godscommandement; whereupon alfothe prints of the biting appeere therein as they faie: but others fay that this is not the Apple, but that which the Arabians do call Muja, or ASofa, whereof K_Auiccn in his 395. chapter maketh mention: for diuersof the Iewes take this for that, through which by eating ^diwzoffended 3 as ^Andreas 7 hettetu a fheweth. The temperature andvertues. All thele fruits confift of vnlike parts,and much differing in facultie. A, The rindes are fweete of fmell,bitter,hot,and dry. B The white pulpe is colde,and containeth in it a giofle iuice,efpecially of the Citrons. C The inner fubftance or pap is lower,as of the Citrons and Lunons, colde and dry, with thinnes D of parts. Thefeedcbicaufeitisbitter,ishotanddry. E The rinde of the Pome Citron is good againft al poifons,for which caule it is put into Treacles, F and fuch like confections. It is good to be eaten againft a {linking breath,for it maketh the breath fweete, and being fo ta- G ken itcotnforteth the cold ftomacke exceedingly. The white,found,&hard pulpe is now and then eaten,but very hardly conceded, &ingendr :th H a grofte,coldc ,and flegmatike inice;but being condite with fugar,it is both pleafant in tafte,ea(ie to be digefted;more nourifhing,and lefte apt to obftrudfion and bin ding,or flopping. ■Galen reportcth,that the inner iuice of the Pome Citron,was not woont to be eaten,but it is now I vfed for faucejand being often vfed,it reprefteth choler wliich is in the ftomacke,and procureth ap¬ petite: itis excellent good alfo to be giuen in vehen ent and burning feuers,and againft all peftilent and venemous, or infectious difeales: it comforteth the hart; it cooleth the inward parts,cutteth, diuidcth,and maketh thinne,grofie,tough,and {limy humours. Of this forefaid fharpe iuice there is a firupe prepared, which is called in fhops Syrnptu de^A.e- K toft ate C/tri, very good againft the forefaid infirmities. Such a firrupe is alfo prepared of the fharpe iuice of Limons,of the fame qualitie and operation, L fo that in fteed of the one, the other will ferue very well. A dolcn of Orenges cut in flices,and put into a gallon ofvvater,adding thereto an ounce ofMer- M cury fublimate,and boiled to the confumption of the halfe, cureth the itch and manginefle of the bodie. Men in old time(as Theophrafim writeth in his fourth booke) did not eate Citrons, but were N contented with the fmell, and to laie them among garmentes, to preferue them from Mothes. As often as needs required they vfed them againft deadly poifons, for which thing they were O efpeciully commended euen by Pirpli verfes.which we haue before alleaged. There is extant in ^Athcn&ut, in his third booke, a.(lory of lome that for cercaine notorious of-P fences haue beene condemned tobedeuouredoi ferpents, who haue beene prelerued and kept in health and fafety ,by eating of the Citron. The diftilled water of the whole Limons rinde and alldrawne out by a glaflc Stilly taketh avvaic tetters and blemilhes of the skin,and maketh the face faire and fmooch. The fame being drunkeprouokethvrine,diflblueth theftone,breakethandexpel!ethit. R The rinddof Orenges is much like in faculty to that of the Citrons and Limons, yet it is fo much S the more hot as it is more biting and bitter. The inner fubftance or lower pappe which is full of iuice, is of like facultie, crnotmuch T inferior to the facultieOf the pap of Citrons or Limons; but the fweete pap doth not much coole or drie, butdoth temperately heatcandmoyften, being pleafant to thetafte; italfb nourifheth • more than doth the lower pappe, but the fame nourifhment is thinne and little; and that whu;h is of a middle tafte hauingthefmackcof wine, is after a middle fort more colde than fweete, and lefte colde than fower: the fweete and odoriferous flowers of Orenges be vfed of the perfumers in their fweete fmelling ointments* b Two n8i THE THIRD ROOICE OF THE V Two ounces of the iuice of Limons mixed with the like quantitieof the fpirit of wine,or thebeft Aqua. vita{ but the fpirit of wine rectified is much better) and drunke at the firfl approch of the fit of an ague, taketh away the fliaking prefenrly: the medicine feldomefaileth at the feconde time of ta- king^thereof perfedlly to cure the fame, butneuer atthethirde time ; prouided that the patient be couered warme in a bed, and caufcd to fweate. X There is alfo diflilied out of them in a glade Still, a water of a maruellous fweete fmell, w hich being inwardly taken in the weight of an ounce and a halfe,mooueth fweate, and healeth the ague. Y The feede of all thefe doth kill wormes in the belly, and driueth them foortli; it doth alfo migh¬ tily redd poifon,and is good for the dinging of fcorpions,if it be inwardly taken. Z Thofe which be called Adams apples, are thought to be like in faculties to the fower iuice efpe- ciaily of the Limons,but yet they be not fo eife&uail. Of the Cornell tree . Chap.9 8. T Ccrnm mas. The male Cornell tree. :V The defeription. ‘He tame Cornell tree grovveth fometime to the height and bignes of a fmall tree, with a great number of fprings; it is couered with a rugged barke;the wood or timber is very harde and drie, without any great quantitie of fap ther- in: the leaues are like vnto the Dog berrie leaues, crumpled, rugged, and of an ouerworne colour; the flowers growe in fmall bunches before any leaues do appeere, of colour yellow, of no great value (they are fo fmall) infhewlike the flowers of the .Oliue tree; which being vaded, there come final! long berries, which at the firfl bee greene, and red when they be ripe; of an auftere 'and harfhtafte with acertainefewernefle; with¬ in this berrie is a fmall ftone, exceeding hard, white within, like that of the Oliue, whereunu. c is like both in thefafhion, and oftentimes in the bignes of the fruit. •k The place. This growerh in moft places of Germanie without manuring; it groweth not wilde in Eng- land.But yet there be fundrie trees of them grow¬ ing in the gardens of fuch as lone rare and dainty plants,vyhcreof I haue a tree or two in my garden. k The time. The tame Cornell tree flowreth fometime in Februarie, and commonly in March, and after- wardes the leaues come foorth as an vntimely birth ;the berries or fruitare ripe in Auguft. X The names. The Grecians callit the Latines Cormu: inhigh Dutch CC^ttClbsUUll J inIoweDutch X the Italians Corniolo: in French Corntllter: in Spanifh Corm&olos: in Englifh the Cornell tree,and the Cornelia tree,of fbme long Cherrie, and long Cherrie tree The fruit is named in Latine Cornum ; in high Dutch Cp^tcll % inlowe Dutch ♦ in . Italian Cornole: in.Engiifh Cornell berrie. This is Comm mas TheophraBi , or Theophraflm his male Cornell tree; for he fetteth downs two fortes of Cornell trees, the male and the female: he maketh the wood of the male to bee found HIST OR I E OF PLANTS. ia8j found as in this Cornell tree; which we both for this caufe and for others alfo, haue made to be the male : the female is that which is commonly called Fir go, fnguinea , or Dogs berrie tree 3 and Cor¬ pus fyluejlris , or the wild Cornell tree,ofwhich alfo we will in treats of in the next chap.following. ft The temperature and vertues. The fruite of the Cornell tree hath a very harfh or choking tafte: it cooIeth 3 drieth 3 and bindeth : yet may it alfo be eaten.,as it is oftentimes. It is a remedy againft the laske and bloudie flixe: it is hurtflill to a colde ftomacke,and increafeth the rawnes thereof: the leaues and tender crops of the tree are likewife of an harfh and choking tafte 3 and do mightily dry. They heale greene wounds that are great and dcepe 3 efpecially in hard bodicsjbut they are not fo goodfor finall wounds and tender bodies 3 as Galenwtnzih. Ofthe female Cornell,or Dog berrie tree . Chap. 5 / 9 . rv Comm feemina. The Dogge berrie tree. , v * T ft The deferiptioff. Hat which the Italians call Tirga[anguinea. orbloudyRod, is liketo‘ the Cornell tree 5 yet itgroweth not into a tree ,bilf remained* a fhrub: the yoong branches thereof are iointed, and be ofanobfeure red purple; they haue with¬ in a white fpungie pith,like that of Elder,bur die old ftaikes are hard and ftiffcjthc fubftance of the which is alfo white, and anfwerable to thofe of the Cornell treerthe leaues are a : fo hke 3 the mid¬ dle ribbe whereof as alfo the battle footeftalkes are fomewhat reddifh: at the top whereof (land white flowers in fpokie rundles which turne into berries,greene at the firft, and of a fliining blacke colour when they be ripe 3 in tafte vnpleafant 3 and not cared for of the birds. •£ 7 he place. This fhrub groweth in hedges and bulhes in euery countrey of England. ft The time. The flowers come foorth in the fpring,inthe moneth of Aprill: the berries are ripe in Au- tumne. ft 7 he names. The Italians do commonly call it Sangulno, and Sanguinello : Petrus Crefcentius termeth it Sanguinus, and Mathtolu* Firgafanguinea, Pli -• me hath written a little of Virgo, fangutnea , m his 24 booke 10.chapter: neither is Vuga c,nguinea, faithhe, counted more happie: the inner baike thereof doth breakc open the fears 3 which they before haue healed. It is aharde thing orperad- uenture a-ra(h part 3 to aflirme by thele fewe words that Plmie his Virgo.[anguinea is the fame that Sanguinus is.This is called in high Dutch fpactmpi: in lowe Dutch ^llOC ComCCUtC* that istolai e. Cornu* fyluejlris, or wilde Cornell tree : and in French Come liter [auuage : iiiEnghfl* Houndes tree,Houndes berrie, Doggcs berrie tree, Pricke Timber tree; in the North coun¬ trey they call it Gaten tree, orGatertree; the berries wheteoffeeme to be thofe which chancre calfoth Gater berries: Valerius Cordus nameth it PuJb^.v j ct) that is to fay , Fatfa, or Spuria cor- «^,falfc or baftard Cornell tree: this feemeth alfo to be TheophraHus hisflaxwteiwa.or Cornusfce- mina, female Cornell tree .This hath little branches 3 h ailing pith within , neither be they harde nor founds THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE A founde like tbofc of the male, the fruite is^r™. that is 3 not fit to be eaten 3 and a late fruite 3 which is not ripe till after the Autumne requinodtiall; and Inch is the vvilde Cornell tree 3 or Gater tree: the yoongand tender branches whereof be red 3 and haue,as we hane written 3 a pith within: the fruit or.berries be vnplealangand require a long time before they can be ripe. The temper attire. The berries hcereof be ofvnlike parts 5 for they haue force hot, bitter; and clenfing, and verie many colde 3 dry.harfh 3 and binding 3 yet they haue no vie in medicine. Thevertues. Mathiolm writeth,that out of the berries firft boiled and afterwards prefied,there iffiicth anoile, which Ananienjes ruflicij do vfe in lampes : but it is not certaine 3 nor very like that the barkc of this wilde Cornell tree hath that operation which Plinie reporteth of Virgo, fattguinea, for he faith, as we haue already let downe 3 that the inner barke thereof doth breake and laic open the fears which they before haue healed. Of Spindle tree or Trickemod . Chap, ioo. I Euonymm TheophraJH. 2 Euonymm Utifolitu. Englifh Pricke timber tree. Broad leafed Spindle tree. & The defeription. £ T^Bickwoodisnohighfhrubj ofthebignes of the Pomegranate tree: it Ipreadeth farre with I his branches; the olde ftalkes haue their barkefomewhat white; the newe and thofe that are lately growne 3 be greene 3 and fower Iquare: the lubftance of the wood is hard,and mixed with a light yellow: the leaues be long 3 broade 3 llender 3 and foft: the flowers be white 3 many Han¬ ding; vuon one footeftalke 3 like almofl: to a fpoked rundle: the fruite is fower fquare 3 red 3 and contai¬ ning fower white feedes 3 euery one whereofis couered with a yellows coatc 3 which being taken off, giueth a yellow die. ♦i This HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1285 # The defcription. 2 This other fort of Etionym'os groweth to the forme of an hedge tree, of ameane bigneflc? . the trunke or bodie whereof is of the thicknefte of a mans legge ,couered with a rough or /cab¬ bed barke, of an ouerworne ruflet colour. The branches are many, (lender, and verie eucn, co¬ wered with a grecne barke whiled they be yet yoong and tender; they are alfo very brittle, with fome pith in the middle like that of the Elder. The leauesare fewein number, full of nerues or (inewes, di(per(ed like thofe of Plantaine; in fhape like thofe of the Pome Citron tree ; of alothfomefmell and bitter tafte : among which come foorth (lender footeftalkes, very long and naked; whereon do growe fmall flowers confiding of fower final! leaues like thofe of the Cher- . rietree,butIe(Ter,of a white colour tending to a blufh, with fome yellownefle in the middle; af¬ ter commeth the fruite, which as yet wehaue no certaine knowledge of. The roote is tough, and woodie,di(perfing it felfe far abroad vnder the vpper cruft of the earth. 3 Euonymos ?AiwohkX' Hungarie Spindle tree. & The deferiptton. 3 The fame author (etteth foorth another (brs which he found in the mountaines of Morauia and Hungarie, hauing a trunke or ftocke of the height of three or fower cubits, couered with a barke greeneatthefirft, afterward (princkledouer with many blackfpots: the boughes are diuided toward the top into diuers fmall branches,very brittle and eafie to breake, whereon are placed leaues by cou¬ ples alfo, one oppofite to another, fomewhat fnipc about the edges, in fhape like thofe of the great Myrtle, ofan aftringent tafte at the beginning, af¬ ter (bme what hot and bitter .-among which come foorth (mail flowers (landing vpon long naked footeftalkes, confiding of fower little leaues, cf a bright (hining purple colour, hauing in the middle (ome fewe fpots of yellowe: after com¬ meth the fruite fower cornered, not vnlike to the common kinde, of a (pungious fubftaunce, and a golde yellowe colour, wherein is conteined not red berries, as in the others, but blacke,veiy like to thole of Fraxinella, of a fhining blacke colour, like vnto burnifhed home, which are de- uoured of birds when they be ripe, and the rather bicaufe they fall of themfelues out of their husks, otherwife the bitternesof the huskes woulde take awaie the delight. ft The place. of earth: it thornes. The firft commcth vp in vntoiled places and . among fhrubs , vpon rough bankes and heapes (erueth ado oftentimes for hedges in fieldes, growing among brambles and other The other forts Carolus clufim fbtrnde in a woodeof Hungarie beyond the riiier Daunus; and alio vpon the mountaines ofMorauia,and ocher places adiacenr. Oooo 1 ^,Th§ a 285 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE k The time. The flowers appeere in Aprill: the fruice is ripe in the end ofAuguft, or in the moneth of Sep¬ tember. - kThe names. Theophra(luscA\tt\\ this fhrub bicowutx, and defcribeth it in histhirdebooke of the hiftorie of Plants; diuers do falfcly reade it c_ Anoniymos. Petrus Cre/centius calleth it Fupznum , bicatife Spindles be made of the woode heereof, and for that cau(eitiscalledinhighDiitch^>ptnll€l* haum 5 yetmoft of them IpanljO&IUt t in lowc Dutch PapMjOtltt in Italian Fu/ano * in French Fujin, and Bonnet deprefire : in Englifh Spindle tree,Prickwoode, and Pricktimber. k The temperature and vcrtucs. A This fhrub is hurtfull to all things, as Theophrafiru writeth, and namely to Goates: the fniite heereofas he faith,kilkth; fo do the leaues and fruite deftroy Goates cfpecially, vnleile they fcourc as well vp wards as downwards; if three or fower of theie fruits be giuen to a man, they purge both by vomite and ftoolc. Ofthe blacke Alter tree. Chap, i oi. x^ilntit nigra fine fian^ula. The blacke Aller tree. k The description. T He blacke Aller tree bringeth foorth from the rooteftraightftalkes, diuided into di¬ uers branchestthe outward barke whereof is blacke,and that next to the woode yellow, and giueth a colour as ycllowe as faffroni the fub- ftanceofthe woode is white and brittle, with a reddifh pith in the midft: the leaues belike thofe of the Alder tree,or of the Che rrie tree, yet blac¬ ker, and a little rounder: the flowers be fbmwhat white; the fruite are rounde berries, in which appeercth a certain riftorchinke, as though two were ioined rogither, at the firftgrcenc, after¬ wards red, and laft of all blacke; in this there be two little Hones :the roote runneth along on the earth. kThe place. The Aller tree groweth in moift woods and copics;I found great pletie of it in a wood a mile from Iflington, in the way from thence coward a fmall village called Harnfey,lying vpon the right hand of the way; & in the woods atHampfteed ncere London, and in moft woods in the parts about .London. k The time. The leaues and flowers appeere in the begin¬ ning of the fpring,and the berries in Autumne. k The names* This fhrub is called Alnusnigra., or blacke Al¬ der, and others Frangtila rather: Petrus Crefcen - tms nametb it Auornus ;in low Dutch f§j> patkEtt* and oftentimes PljihCUf 5 bicaufe boies make for thcmfelues arrowes heerof: in high Dutch JfauDnum X it is called in Englifh Aller tree,and of diuers Butchers Pricke tree. k The temperature. The inner barke of the Aller tree,is ofa purging and dry qua li tic * kThe HISTORIE OF PLANTS. # 7 he vermes. The inner barke heerofis vfed of diuers countrimen, who drinke theinfufion thereof when they A woulde be purged: it purgeth thicke flegmatike humours,and alfo cholericke,and not onely by jhe ftoole,but many times alfo by vomite, not without great trouble and painc to the ftomatke: i\ is' therefore a medicine more fit for clownes, then for ciuill people , and ratherfor thofettrat feede grofleIy,then for daintie people. J!~ nJ There be others who affirme that the dried barke is more gentlc,and caufcth letter paine b forthe C greene bark (fay they) which is not yet dried,containeth in it a certainefiiperfluous moifture,w'hich caufcth gripings and vomitings,and troubleth the ftomacke. The fame barke being boiled in wine or vineger,maketh a lotion for the tooth achjit is aHb ccm- C mended againft fcabs and filthines of the skin. The leaues are reported to be good fodder for oxen, efpeciallyforkine, andtocaufe them to D yeeld good (tore of milke. Of the Seruice tree . (fhap.ioi. I Sorbus. ... .... 2 Sorb us tornun/ihs. The Seruice tree. Common Seruice tree. & The defeription. I *"Y‘ 1 He Seruice tree gfoweth to the height and bignes ofa great tree,charged with many great arincs or boughes, which are fet with fundriefmall branches, garnifhed with many great leaues, fomewhat long, like thofe of the Afhrthe flowers are white,and fiande in clutters*, which turne into final! browne berries,fomewhat long; which are not good to be eaten vntill they haue lien a while,and vntill they be foft like the Medlar 5 whereunto it is like in tafte and operation. Oooo 2 3 The 1288 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ft The defeription. 2 The common Seruice tree groweth likewife to the height ofa great tree, with a ftraight bodie, ofabrownifh colour, full of branches, fet with long difplaied Icaues like the former, fauing that they are broader,and not fo long: the flowers are white,and grow in tufcs;which being fallen,there come in place thereof fmall round berries, browne vpon one fide,and reddifh towards the funne,of an vnpleafant tafte in refped of the former: in which arc contained little blackifh kernels. ft The place. Thefe trees are found in woods and groucs in raoft places of England. There be many final trees thereof in a little woode a mile beyond Iflington from London: in Kent it groweth in great aboun- dance,efpecially about Southflecte,and Graues end. ft The time. They flower inMarch,and their fruite is ripe in September. ft The names. The firft is called in Grceke o», and «/»: in Latine Sorbus: in high Dutch 1 in low Dutch i in French Cormier: in Englifh Seruice tree, and of fome after the Latines Sorbe tree. The common Seruicetree is named of Plinie Sorbut torminalts • in high Dutch ZtttSth €Tcf)?0* ffcl,and 4 IiiOCt ♦ in Englifb common Seruice tree. The berries or fruite of the Seruice tree is called w, or wo*-, in Latine Sorbum • in high Dutch ^peietimef^po^oplfelt in lowe Dutch : in Italian Sorbe , and Sorbole: in Frenc h Ccrme: in Spanifn Seruas 7 md Sorbas: in Englifh Seruice,of fbme Sorbe Apple. ft The temperature and vertues. Seruice berries are colde and binding 5 and much more when they be harde, then when they are milde and foft 5in fbme places they are quickly foft, either hanged in a place which is not altogi*> thcr colde,or laide in haie or chaffe: thole Seruices are eaten when the belly is too folubie, for they flay the fame ; and if they yeclde any nourifhment atall,thefame is verie little ,grofle,and cold sand therefore it is expedient not to eate ofthefe,or other like fruites, nor to vfe them otherwife then in medicines. g Thefe do flay all mancr of fluxes of the belly,and likewife the bloudy flixe; as alfo vomitingrthey flanch bleeding if they be cut and dried in the funne before they be ripe 3 and fo referued for vfe: thefe we may vfe diners waies according to the maner ofthe greefe and greeued part. Of the dA/h tree . Chap. 105. ft T hedefecription . 1 rB T" , He Afh alfo is an high and tal trec^it rifeth vp with a ftraight bodyjnow and then of nofmal S thicknefle, commonly of a middle fife, and is couered with afmoothbarke : the woode is white,fmooth,hard,and fomewhat rough grained: the tender branches heerof 3 and fuchas be new growen vp are fet with certainc ioints 3 and haue within a white and fpungie pith ;but the old boughes are woodie throughout, and be without either iointsorpich: theleaues are long, and winged, confifting of many Handing by couples, one right againft another vpon one ftalke or rib, or as Theophrafeui faith hot yt’^v , the vppermoft of all excepted 3 which flandcth alone; of which eucry particular one is long, broade, like to a Baie leafe 3 but fofter,& of a lighter greene 3 without any fweete fmcli,and nicked round about the edges: out of the yoonger fort of the boughes hard to the letting on of theleaues, growe foorth hanging togither many long, narrow and flat cods, as it were like almoft to diners birds toongs, wherein the feed is perfited,which is of a bitter tafte: the rootes be many,and grow deepe in the ground. Fraxintu HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. lapi F rax mis. The A(li tree. ft 7 he place. The Aflt doth better profper inmoiflplaces, as about the borders of Meadowes, and riucr lides^then in dry grounds. ft The tme. The leaues and keies come foorth in Aprill and Maie ,yet is not the fecdc ripe before the fall oftheleafe. * The mopes . Ar '< This tree is called in Greeke u.'-Aia: andofdi- uers rMKiA-. in Latine Fraximu : in high Dutch Cfdjenifratmi, Cfc&ern&ol^, ■and^tepnef* c&ermin low Dutch (£(fcijin,and (Sffcfjeft&am: in Italian Fraftno: in French Frefne : in Spanifh Frefno,Fraxino ,and Fretxo : in Englifh Afh ttee. Thefruite likevnto cods is called of the Apo¬ thecaries Lingua Auis, and Lingua pajjerina : a man may name it in Greeke op-MLyra<rcvv ■ yet feme woulde haue it called Orneoglojfum : others make Ornm or the vvilde Afh to be Orneogiofern it is termed in Englifh Afh keies, andoffome Kitekeies. ft The temperature and vertues. The leaues and barke of the Afh tree are drie, A and moderately hot, the feed is hot and drie in thefecond degree. The iuice of the leaues , or the leaues them - B felues being applied or taken with wine, do cure the bitings of vipers,as Bio (cor ides faith. The leaues of this tree are of fo great a vertueagainft ferpents , as that the ferpentsdarenotbe G fobolde as to touch the morning and euening fhadowes of the tree, but fhunneth them a farre off, as Pliny reporteth in his i dbook 13.chap. He alfo affirmeth that the ferpent being penned in with bougheslaideroundeabout, willfooner runne into the fire, if any he there , then come neere to theboughes of the Afh 5 and that the Afh doth flower before the ferpents appeere, and doth not • caft his leaues before they be gone againe. VVe write (faith he) vpon experience, that if a fire and a ferpent befet within the circle of the D boughes,the ferpent will fooner runne into the fire then into theboughes. It is a woonderfullcur- tefie in nature that the Afh fhould flower before thefe ferpents appeere,and not caff his leaues be¬ fore they be gone againe. Both of them^hat is to fay,the leaues and the barke, are reporteji to flop the belly 5 and being E boiled with vineger and water,do flay vomiting,if they be laide vpon the flomacke. The leaues and barke of the Afh tree, boiled in wine and drunke, do open the Hoppings of the F liuer and fpleene,and do greatly comfort them. Three or fower leaues of the Afh tree taken in wineech morning from time to time, doth make G thole leane that are fat,and keeperh them from feeding,which do begin to waxe far. The feeds or Kitekeies ofthe Afh tree prouokevrine,incrcafe natural! feede, andflirreth vp bo-H dily luft, efpcciallybeingpowdredwith nutmegs and drunke. The woode is profitable for many things being exalted by Homers commendations,and ^Achil- 1 Arfpeare, as Plinic writeth. The fhiuers or (mail pceces thereof, called in Greeke -np^-vaa.™ , being drunke, are faide to be pernicious and deadly,as Diofcorsdes affirmeth. The Lie which is made with the afhes of the barke cureth the vyhite (curffe, and fuch other like K roughnesofthe skin,as teftifieth. 0 000 5 Of 52pO THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Of the Ttnlde Afh otherwife called Quidf earn e y or Quicken tree . Chap , 104 ..' 'Sorb us filueflrisfuefraximu Bubula. The Quicken tree, wilde Afhe,or vvilde Scruicc tree. The defeript ion. T He wilde Afhe, or Quicken tree , Pena&t* teth fdorth for the wilde Sendee tree,which I thinke heneuerfawe, and therefore defer- ueth the lefife blame: this tree groweth feldome orneuer to the ftature& height of the Adi tree^ notwithfhnding it groweth to thebigndle of a great mans legge: the leaues be great and long, and fcarfely to be difeerned from the leaues of the Seruice tree: the flowers be white,and fweete of fmell,and growe in tufts, which do turne into round berries, greene at the firft, but when they be ripeofadeepe red colour, and of an vnplea- fant tafte: the branches are as full of iuice as the Ofiar, which is the caufe that boies do make pipes of the barke thereof as they do of Wil- lowes. it The place. The wilde Afh or Quicken tree, groweth vp- on high mountaines,and in thicke high woods in mod places of Englande,efpeciallyabout the Namptwich in Chefhire, in the wilde of Kent 5 in SufTex anddiuers other places. The time. The vvilde Afh flowreth in Maie, and the ber¬ ries are ripe in September. •&Thenames. The Latines call this tree Ornus, and often¬ times Sylutfrisfraxiauspi wilde Afh,and it is al¬ io Fraxint fpecierpv a kinde of Afh: for the Gre¬ cians (as not onely Plinie writeth, but alio Theophrafus ) haue made two kindes of Afh 5 the oce high and tall, the other lower; the high and tall one is Fraxmus vulgaris , or the common Afh, and the lower Ornus , which alio is named tym «thia, or Montana Fraxintts, mountains Afli; as the other mAm, or fieldc Afh, which is allb named Bcv^mx, or as Gaza tranllareth it, Bubula Fraxi- nus, but more truely Magna Fraxtnut, or great Afh, for the lyllable BoO' is a figne of bignefle. This Ornus or great Afh is named in high Dutch inlowe Dutch Ijpaucrcflchftb or C>UlT£fCtKn> of diuers ClUfiUfCC t in French Frefne fauuage : in Englifh wilde Afh, Quicken tree, Quickbeame tree, and Whicken tree: Mathiolus maketh this to be S or bus fyluefris , or wilde Seruice tree. & The temperature and vert ties. Touching the faculties of the leaues, barke or berries, as there is nothing found among the olde , fois there nothing noted by the later writers, but Fltnie feemeth to .make this wilde Afh like in faculties to the common Afh: for in his id.booke 13.chapter, where he writeth of both the Afhes he faith,that the common Afh i s Cri/pa^nd the Mountainc Afh Spiff. Forthwith he adderh this,The Grecians write,that the leaues of them do ki! cattei, and yet hurt not thofe that chew their cudjwhich the olde writers haue noted of the Yew trce,and not of the Afh tr ze..plinie was deceiued by the neernes of the w’ords (jurSt and ,«**.»*: is the Yew tree, and the A fh tree: fo that he hath falfly attributed that deadly facultie to the Afh tree,which doth belong to the Yew tree. The Vi HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i W The leaues of the wilde A(li tree boiled in wine,are good againft the paine in thefides, and the B flopping of the liuer.and aflwageth the bellies of thole that haue the tympanic and dropfie. Benedict ns Curtius SymprofantuAS deceiued in the hiftoric of Ornus, when he thinketh out of Vtr- C gils Georgickes that Oram hath the flower of the Pearc tree : for out of Virgils verfes no fuch thing at allcan be gathered, for he intreateth not of the formes of trees , but of the grading of diuers into others, vnlike and differing in nature, as of the grading of the nut tree into the Strawberie tree 5 the Apple into the Plane tree; the Beech into the Cheftnut tree; the "Peare into the wilde Afh,or Quickbeame tree; the Oke into the Elme tree: and in this refpe<ft he writeth,that the Plane tree bringethfoorth an Apple; the Beech tree a Cheftnut; the wilde Afh tree bringeth fborth the white flower of the Peare tree,as it is m oft manifeft out of Virgils owne wordes, which ftandc in this maner in the fecond booke of his Georgickes. Infer it ur vero ex fcetu nude. Arbutus horrida, ' Ft(lerilespUtummcitosgejsereva.'entcs, Ca [tarter Fagos: Ornusincfinuit albo Florepyrfjglandemque fmsfregere fub vlrnis. The rugged Wilding ftocke is grafted with ANuttreefetorimpc which tender be. And Plane tree ftockes,barren for want of pith, Haue borne exceeding fruitfull apple tree : And Cheftnut ftockes haue borne of Beech the mafts, The Afh tree ftocke growes hoaric in hjsfeare With Peare tree flowers or biofioms which it cafts, And vnder Elms haue Iwine cralht mails for mcate. Of(foriars Sumach . Chap . 105. 1 Rhus Cor tar ia. Coriars Sumach. 2 Rhus Myrtfolius. Wilde,or Myrtiil Sumach. Oooo 4 iilhs S2P2 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE # 1 he defer if t ion. 1 ✓’“'\Oriars Sumach growethvp vnto the height of a hedge tree, after the maner of the Elder tree; bigger th cn Diofcoridcs reporteth it to be, or other, who aflirme that Rhus gro- weth two cubits higlgwhofe errors are the greater.-but this Rhus is fo like vnto the Seruice tree in fhape and maner of growing, that it is hard to know one from the other 5 but that the leaues are foft and hairie,hauing a red (inewe or rib thoro w the midft of the leafe: the flowers growe with the leaues vpon long (terns cluttering togither like cats taile,or the catkins of the nut tree, but grea¬ ter, and of a whitifh greene colour: after which come clutters of rounde berries^ growin g in bun¬ ches like grapes. 2 Pltnie his Sumach,or the Sumach of P limes defcription,groweth like a (mall hedge tree,hauing many (lender twiggie branches, garnifbed with little leaues like Myrtus , or rather like the leaues of the Iuiuhe tree, among whichcome foorth (lender moflie flowers, of no great account or value, which bringforth final feeds,inclofed vvithin acorneredcafe or huske,.fafhioned like afpoone :the trunke or body of both thefe kinds of Sumach being wounded with fome iron inftrument,yeeldeth a gum or liquor. A 7 he place. Sumach groweth as Dicfcorides faith, in (tony places: it is found in diners mountaines and woods in Spaine,and in many places on the mount Apenninein Italy,and al(b neetc vnto Pontus. Archt - genes in Galen in the 8. booke of medicines according to the places affedted, fheweth that it grovv- eth in Syria, making choice of thatofSyria. The time. The flowers of Sumach come foorth in July,the feed with the berries are ripe in Autumne. ie The names. This is called in Greeke pws : Rhus faith Plmie hath no Latine name ; yet Gaza after the (ignifica- tion of the Greeke worde,faineth a name,calling it Fluida: the Arabians name it Sumach : the Itali¬ ans Som&cho: tire Spaniards Sumagre: in low Dutch by contracting of the word they cal it Sgntiacs, or Samaclj X in Englifh Sumach,Coriars Sumach,and leather Sumach: the leaues ofthc fhrub be called povs QvpToA-liy.ri : in Latine Rhuscorrariape Rhcs . The (cede is named and iW &nt A hi*-, in Latine Rho'e culinaria, and Rho'e obfenicrum: in Engliih Mcate Sumach,and Sauce Sumach. ^ The temperature. The fruit,leaues,and feede hereofdo very much binde, they alfo coole and drie: drie they are in the third degree,and cold in the fecond,as Galen tcacherh. The vertues. The leaues of Sumach boyled in wine and drunken, do flop the Iaske, the inordinate courfe of womens ficknefles,and all other inordinate ififues of blood, g The feede of Sumach eaten in (auces with meate, ftoppeth all manner offluxes of the belly, the bloodie flixe,and all other iflues,e(pecially the white iflucs of women. q The decc&ion of the leaues maketh haires blacke, and is put into ftooles to fume vpward into the bodies of thofe that h auc the dyfenterie, and is to be giuen them alfo in drinke. j) The leaues made into an oyntment or plaifter with honie and vineger, ftaieth the (preading na¬ ture of Gangrana and Pterygium. 3a The diie leaues fodden in water vntill the decoCtion be as thicke as honie, yeeldeth foorth a certaineoylinefTe,which performeth all the effects o {Lieium. p The feede is no leiTe effeCtuall to be ftrowed in powder vpon their meates which are Cceliacioi Dyfent end. Q The feeds pouned, mixed with honie and the powder of Oken coles,healeth the Hemorrhoides. jq There ififueth out of the fhrub a gum, which being put into the hollowncfie of the teeth, taketh away the paine,as Diofcorides writeth. Of red Sumach . Chap.106. The defeription. Hefetwo figures are one and the felfefame plant, the firfl: fhew'eth the fhrub being in flower: the other when it is full flowred with the fruit growento ripenefle, notvvithftan- ding fome haue deemed them to be of two kindes,wherein they were deceived, ‘ ' This HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i»p> This excellent and mofl bcatitifull phnnCaggvgria(bemg reputed of the Italians and the Vene¬ tians for a kinde of Rim or Sumach, bicaufe it is vfedfor rhe&tmc purpofes whereto Rhj^krtttih and therein doth far excell it) is an hedge plant growing not abque the height of fower or hue cu¬ bits,haying tough and pliant ftalks and twiggic b.rjmcheshke vnto Ozicrs,ofa browne colour. I he leaues be round, thicke and ftiffe like the leaues olCapparK i n colour an d'ikuour of Fittest* ieaites, otTenbirithwi among which arifeth a fmall vprighc Iprig, bearing at the toppe a nioft fine woollie or flockie tuft, crifpedand curled like a curious wrought (liken fleece, which curlcth and folderh it felfe abroad like a large bufh ofhaires, copact of red or crirr.foncoloured hairejamongft which commcth foorth die feede,much like vnto Lens^wx. fmaUer,and of a darke red colour. i Coggygria Theophrattt et Cotimes Cottkracs Mini}'. Venice Sumach. Red Sumach. I ft The place. Coggygria groweth in Orleans neere Auinion, and in diuers places of Italic, vpon the Alpes of Hiftria, and many other places. It groweth on molt of the hils of France, in the high woods of the vpper Pannonia or Auflria,and alfo of Hungaria and Bohemia. ft The time. They flower and flout ifh for the mofl: partin Iuly. ft! he names. The firft is called Coggygria and Coecygria : in Englifh Venice Sumach, or Silken Sumach 3 of Flinte Cc/z/minhisfixteenthbooke eighteenth chapter. There is (faith he) on mount Apert- nine a fhrub, which is called Cotinus ad line amenta medo Conchy Itj color e inftgnis , and yetjeonw is ole- ajlerpc Oleafylueflrtsphe. wilde Oliuc tree, from which this fhrub doth much differ; and therefore it may rightly be called Cot inns Coriaria : diners would haue it named Scot in us, which name is not found in any oftheolde writers. ThePannonians do call it Farblmff. It is alfo thought that this fhrub is Coggygria Fltnij.oi which in his 1 3.booke 22.chapter he writeth in thefe words, Coggygria is alfo like to/'';?^inleafe,notfogreat; it hath apropertie tolofe the fruit by thedovvne, which thing happeneth to no other tree. ft The 129-f THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it The temperature. The leaues and {lender branches togither with the feedes, are very much binding, cold and drie as the other kindes of Sumach are. it Thevertues. The leaues of Coggygria , or filken Sumach,arc fold in the markets of Spaine and Italic for great fummesof money, vntothofcthat dretfe Spanifh skins, for which purpole they are very excel¬ lent. The roote of Cotinus> as ^Anzuillara notcth, ferueth to die with, giuing to wooll and cloth a re.d- difh colour,which Plinte kncw,fhewing that this fhiub (that is to fay, the roote ) is ad, line ament a modo Conchyltj colore infignii. Of the <iA Ider tree . Qhap. 107 . Alnw. The Alder tree. # The description. T He Alder tree or Aller,is a great high tree hauingmanybrirtle branches, thebarkeis of a brownecolour, the wood or timber is not hard,and yet it will Jaft and endure very long vnder the water, yea longer than any ocher Tim¬ ber whatfoeuer: wherefore in the fennie and (ofc marrifh groundes, they do vie to make piles and polls thereof, for the ftrengthening of chewals and fuch like. This timber doth allo feme very well to make troughes toconuey water in lleadc of pipes of Lead. The leaues of this tree are in fhape fomwhat like the Halell,bu t they are blac¬ ker and more wrinkied,veryclammie to handle, as though they were Iprinkled with honie. I he blolfomes or flowers are like the aglets .of the Birch tree,which being vaded,there followeth a fcaliefruit clolely growing togither, as big as a Pigeons egge, which towarde Autumne doth open,and the leede falleth out and is loft. & 7 he place. The Aller or Alder tree,delighteth to growe in lowe and moyft watcrifh places. it The time. The Aller bringeth forth new leaues in April!, the fruit whereof is ripe in September. it 'The names. This tree is called in Greeke^e*: in La tine V- Alms, Petrus Crefcentius nameth it Arnedanus: it is called in high Dutch (gtlOtbStUtl and (£H£fttb8ttttl ? in lowe Dutch and CUEH bMUU in Italian \~Alno : in French Aulne :in Englifn Alder and Aller. it The temperature. The leaues and barkc of the Alder tree are cold,drie and aftringent. it The vertices. The leaues of Alder are much vfedagainfthotfweilings, vlcers, and all inward inflammations, dpecially of the Almonds and kernels of the ihrote. The barkc is much vfed of poore countrie diers,for the dying of courfe cIoth,caps,ho{c,and fuch like into a blacke colour,whereunto it ferueth very well. HISTORIH OF"PLANTi. Ofthe S irch tree. Q )a P • 1 ° 8 • 3295 Retain. The Birch tree. % The defeription. T He common Birch tree waxethlikewife a great tree , hauing many boughes befet with many (mall rods or twigs* very limber and pliant: the barkc of the yoong twigs and braunchcsisplaine, finooth, and full offap, in colour like the Chdfnut; but the rindc of the bodie or trunke is harde without, white, rou<fii, andvneeuen, full ofehinkes orcreuices: vndcr which is founde another fine ba ke, plains , fmodth, and as thinne as paper, which heereto- forc was vfed infteede of paper to write v: on, before the making of paper was knowne : in Rufiia&thofecolde regions,itferueth in fleede of Tiles and (late to coucr their houfes withal!: this tree beareth for his flowers ceitaine aglets like the Hafell tree,but fmalier,wherein the feed is contained. ft The place. This common Birch tree groweth in woods, and mountainesjin moft places of England. k The time. The catkins or aglets do firfl: appeere, and then the leaues, in a Aprill or a little later. & The names. Theophrafus calleth this tree in Greek w^vJk diners nuk, others ■ it is named in Latin Be - ta/* :diuers alfo write it with a double llBetulla, as lome of Pltnies copies haue it : it is called in high Dutch 'Btre&enbflUM t in lowe Dutch iBCtCbtnbOOill ♦ in Italian Betula , by them of Trent Redollo: in French Rouleau: in Englifh Birch tree. •& The temperature andvertues. Concerning the medicinable vie of the Birch tree,or his parts ; there is nothing extant either in /jjj the old or new writers. This tree faith Plinie in his id.booke i8.chapter, Mirabili candore & ten wt ate terribilismagi- B Jlratuum virgin: for in times pad the magiftrates rods were madeheerof: and in our time alio the fcholmafters and parents do terrifie their children with rods made of Birch. Itferueth well to the decking vp of houfcs,and banquetting roomes, for places of pleafure., and Q beautifying the ftreetes in the crofTe or gang weekc,and fuch like. Of the Hornebeame,or Hardbeame tree. ChapAcy. The defeription. B Etulus, or the Hornebeame tree groweth great,& very like vnto the Elme,or wich Hazell tree, hauing a great body: the wood or timber wherof is better for arrowes and fhafts, policies for mils, and fuch like deuifes,thenEImeor Wich Hazel!; forintimeitwaxethfohard, that the toughnes and hardnes of it,may be rather compared vnto home then vnto wood, and therefore it was called Hornebeame,or Hardbeame: the leaues heereof are like the Ehne, failing that they be tenderer: among thofe hang ccrtaine triangled things,vpon which be rounde knaps, or little heads of the bignes of Ciches,in which is contained the fruite or feede : the roote is firong and thicke. Sstulas n$6 THE THIRD Betulut-fnie Carpinus. The Hornebeame tree. BOOKE- OF THE is Theplace. Betulm or the Horn beanie tree groweth plen¬ tifully in Northamptonlhirc, alio in Kent by Grauefend, where it is commonly taken for a kind of Elme. The time. This tree doth Ipringjn Aprill, and the feede is ripe in September. * The fumes. The Hornbeame tree is called in Greeke which is as if you fhould fay Conhgads , or belon¬ ging to the yoke, bicaufeit ferueth well to make ZyjJct of, in Latine/«^,yokes,wherewith oxen are yoked togither, which are alfo euen at this time made thereof, as vvitneffeth Benedictus Curtins Symprofiamuynd our lelues haue fufficient know¬ ledge thereof in our owne countries and therefore may beenglifhed Yoke Elme. Itis called of fome Carpinus and Zugh ; it is alfo called Bet ulus , as if it were a kinde of Birch, but my felfe better like that it fhould be one of the Elmes: in high Dutch 01 ) 0 ^ 116 i in French Came: in Italian Carpino: in Englifh Hornbeame, Hardbeame, Yoke Elme, and in fome places Witch ha fell. The temperAture and vertues. This tree is not vied in medicine, the vertties are not expreffed of the ancients,neither haue we any certaine experiments of our owne knowledge more than hath beene faide for the yfe of huf banclrie. Of the Elme tree . Chap.no. # The description. 1 He firfl kinde of Elme is a great high tree, hailing many branches Ipreading themfelues Jj largely abroad : the timber of it is hard, and not ealie to be clouen or cut in funder. The leaues are fomewhat wrinkled and Ihipt about the edges,whereupon are fometimes found certaine blifters or bladders, which containeacertaineflimie or clammie liquor, wherein is often found Imall wormes 5 but when the laid liquor hath continued vntill the end of fommer, you fhaK End it hardened with the heate of the funne, and congealed like vnto gum. The feede is broad and •fiat, not much vnlike the feede of the garden Arach. This tree is very common in our countrie of England: the leaues of this Elme are pleafant fodder for diners fowerfooted beafts, andelpeci- ally for kine and oxen. 2 The fecond kinde of Elme groweth Iikewile vnto a great fiature,wit-h very hard and tough tim- ber,whercof are made arrowes,wheeles, mil! pullies, and fuch other engins for the carriage of great waights and burthens. The leaues be Iikewile wrinkled, and fomewhat fnipt about the edges, lon¬ ger and narrower than the leaues of the common Elme, of a faint greene colour vpon thebacko fide,lbmewhat fhining,and of a good fmell when they i>e dries wherupon there neuer grow any bli¬ fters or bladders, neither will the hungrie cattellfo willingly feede thereon as vponthecommon Elrne,'which they will browze very greedily .The feede hereof is very like vnto the former. I Vturns. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. iip7 I Vlmtu. 2 Vlmui latifolia. The Elmc tree. The Elme with broad leaues. ft Theplace, \ Thefirftkinde of Elme groweth plentifully in all places of England. The feconde groweth in many woods and parks in great plenty, as in a parke belonging to my LordTreafurer, a mile be¬ yond his Honors place at Waltham, 'called Thibalds. It groweth alfo in Kent neere Southfieete 5 and in many other places. N y ft The time. The feede of the Elme fhe weth it fclfc firft. and before the leaues; it fallcth in the end of April! 3 at what time the leaues begin to Spring.' ' • ft 'The names. The Hrft is called in Greeke HIvAai in Latine Vlmm: in high Dutch h0lt^j!RuSIb3Utt1,(Ililtn* toim: inlovve Dutchin French Orme and Omeau: in Italian Otmo : in Spanilhr/^/in Englifh Elme tree. The feede is named by Vlinie and Columella. Samera • The little wormes which are found with the liquor within the fmall bladders ,be named in Greeke wW : in Latine Cultccs and Muliones. The other Elme is called by T bcophraftus° which Gaza tranflateth Monttuimuspi moun- taine Elme. Columella nameth it Vernacular r JSjojlras Vlmus , that is to fay, Italic a or Italian Elme: it is called in lowe Dutch IpCtfClCEtjand in fome places DecrcntCflr* ft The temperature and vert ties. The leaues and barke of the Elme be moderately hot, withaneuident cleanfing faculties they ^ haue in the chewing a certaineclammie and glewingqualitie. Theleauesof Elmeglew andhealevpgrecnevvownds, lo doth the barke wrapped and fwadledB about the wound like a band. The Ieattcs being damped with vinegcr do take away fcurffc. C writeth,that one ounce waight of the thicker barke drunke with wine or water pur-D gethflegme. The THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE E The deco&ion of Elme Ieaues,as alfo of the barke or roote, healeth broken bones very Ipecdily, if they be fomented or bathed therewith. F The liquor that is found in the blifters doth bcautifie the face, and fcowreth away all fpots,frec¬ kles,pimples,fpreading tetters, and fuchlike 3 being applied thereto. G It healeth greene wounds 3 andcureth ruptures newly made 3 being laid on with Spleenwoort 3 and the trufle clolely let vnto it. Of the Line or Linden tree . Chap. iji. I TiliafcemM. 2 TMamas. The female Line tree. The male Line tree. The ekjcriptton .' ■ 2 He female Line or Linden tree waxeth very.greatandthicke,.lpreading foorthhis bran- I ches wide and far abroad,being a tree which yeeldeth a mod pleafant fhadow, vnder and within whole boughes may be made braue fomaier boufes and banketring arbors 3 bicaufe themore that it is furcharged with waight of timber and Cucbulike, the better it doth flourilh. The* barke is brownifh, very finooth and plaine on the outride 3i but that which is next to the timber is white, rnoyfl and tough, leming very well for ropes, trales, and haliers.. I he timber i^ whit.ifh ; , plaine and without knots,yea very loft and gentle inthecLmingor handling- Better guqpowdcps, made of the coles of this wood than of Willow coles. The leaues are gteene,fmooth, Ihining and Iarge,fomewhatfaiptor toothed about the edges. The flowers are very little, vvhitifh, of a good fauour, and very many in number,growing dithering togitherfrom out of the middleof the leafe. £ out of which alio proceedeth a fin-all whirifji long narrow leafe: there cornmeth very ieldome times any good or fruit of thele flowers, they are as it were a barten kindeof flowers or chalfe like vnto. the huskes of ThlaftiCreticum, which do very much refemhle chaffe. This tree feemeth tofxe akind of Elme, and the people in Eriex about Heningham ( whereas great, plenty growetb by the way iides) do call it broad leafed Elme. a The 129? HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *dcThe defer iption. 2 The male Tilia, or Line tree,groweth alfo very great and chicke,fpreading it felfe farre abroade like the other Linden tree: his barke is very tough and pliant, andferueth tomakccordesand hal¬ ters of. The timberof this tree is much harder 3 more knottier more yellow then the timber of the other,not much differing from the timberof the Elme tree: the leaucs heereof are not much vn- like Iuie leaues, not very greene, fomewhatfhipt about the edges: from the middle whereof come foorth clutters of little white flowers like the former, which being vaded,there fucceed (mall round pellets,growing cluttering togither,like Iuie berries, within which is contained a little round biac- kifh feede, which falleth out when the berrie is ripe. •ft The place. The female Linden tree groweth in (bine woods in Northamptonfhire ;alfo necrc Colchefter, and in many places alongft the high way leading from London to Heningham, in the Countie of Ettex. The male Linden tree groweth in my Lord Treafurers garden at the Strandjand in (undry other placcs 3 as at Barnelmes, and in a garden at Sain t Katherines neere London. The time. Thefe trees flower in Maie 3 and their fruite is ripe in Auguft. ik The names. The Linden tree is called in Grceke <?/* t~e*:in Latine Tilt a : in high Dutch KnhCtb and Lintint'' haum: in low Dutch and KntsenbOOtll: the Italians T ilta: the Spaniards Teia •’ in French Tilet, and Tilitul : in Englilb Linden tree 3 and Line tree. 7 he temperature. The barkc and leaues of the Linden or Line trce 3 arc of a temperate hcate, fomewhat drying and aftringent. ie Thevertues . The leaues of Tilia boiled in fmithes water with a pcece of Alom and a little hony 3 cureth the A fores in childrens mouthes. The leaucs boiled vntill they be tendcr 3 and pouned verie fmall with hogs greafe,and the ponder B of Fenugrecke and Linefeed, taketh away hot fwcllings and bringeth impoftumes to maturation, being applied thereto verie hot. The flowers are commended by diners againtt paine of the head proceeding of acoldcaufe, C againft dittincs,the Apoplexie,andalfo the falling ficknesj and not oncly the flowers,but the didd¬ led water thereof. The leaues of the Linden tree(faith T heophraflus) are very fweete ,and be a fodder for mod kinde D of cattle: the fruit can be eaten of none. Of the zPidaple tree. Chap, m # The defeription. T He great Maple is a beautifull and high tree, with a barkeof ameanefmoothnes: the fub- ftanccof the woode is tender and cafie to worke on • it fendeth foorth on euery fide very ma¬ ny goodly boughes and branches, which make an excellent lbadow againft the heate of the funne 5 vpon whichare great, broad, and cornered leaues, much like to thofe of the Vine 3 hanging by long reddifh ftalks: the flowers hang by clutters,of a whitifh greene colourjafter them commeth vp long fruite faftned togither by couples, one right againft another, with kernels bumping out neere to the place in which they are combincd:in all the other parts flat and thinne like vnto parch¬ ment, or rcfembling the innermoft wings of Ephemeri , or of grafhoppers : the kernels be white and little. There is a final! Maple which doth oftentimes come to the bignes of a tree, but moft commonly it groweth low after the maner of a fhrub , the barke heereof is likewife fmooth; the fubftancc of thcwoodeiswhite,andeafietobewroughton:the leaues are cornered like thofe of the former, flipperie, and fattened with a reddifhrtalke, but much letter, very like in bignes, and glifterasthe leafe of Sanicle doth, but that the cuts are deeper: the flowers be as thofe of the former,grcene,yet not growing in clutters,but vpon (poked rundels: the fruite ftandeth by two and two vpon afteni orfooteftalke. Lydeer THE THIRD BOO ICE OF THE 1300 K^fcer maior. The greatMaple,not rightly called the Sycomore tree. •k The place. The fmall or hedge Maple groweth almofl eueiy where in hedges and lowe woods. The great Maple is a Granger in England,only it groweth in the walkes and places of pleafure of noblemen, where it cfpecially is planted for the fhadowe fake, and vnder the name of Sycomore tree. > k The time. Thefe trees flower about the endeof March, and their fruit is ripe in September. k The names. This tree is called in Grecke = in La- tine ^sicer: in Englifh Maple,or Maple tree. The great Maple is called in high Dutch %t IjO?ne and Mlaibtfcljcrne i the French men GrandErrable and Plafne abufiuely, and this is thought to be properly called <rdvJk but they are far deceiued that take this for P/at tin us, or the Plane tree, being drawen into this error by the ncernefTe of the French word j for the Plane tree doth much differ from this. The other is called in Latine i^Acer minor : in high Dutch S£jafflj0!itcn inlow Dutch |) 0 Ut X * n French Erabie : in Englilh fmallMaple, and common Maple. k The temperature andvertues. What vie the Maple hath in medicine we find nothing written of the Grecians, but plinie in his i4.booke 8. chapter affirmeth, that the roote pouned and applied, is a Angular remedie for the paine of the liuer. Serenm Sammonicm writeth, that it is drunke with wine againft the paines of the fide. Si latm immeritwn morbo tentatur acuto, i^AccenJum tinges lapidemftridentzbm vndts, Hinc bibis: aut cerisradiccmtundis&vnx Cum vino capii: hoc prafens medic amen habetur » If with a difeale that fharpnefle doth take, . Thy fide not deferuing be vexed by greate; A ftone burning hotin fire fee thou make, And dip it in water which * with heate 5 * hifieth Hereof thou ihalt drinke; Or Maple roote beate, And drinke it with wine.This thing hath a name To be an helpe prefent and eafe for the fame. , Ofthe Toplar tree. Chap .115. in kThehindes. npHerebe diners trees vnder the title of Poplar,yet differing very notably, as (hall be declared ii the deferiptions, whereof one is the white, another the blacke, and a third fort fetdowne by Plinieyvh'ich is the Afpe,named by him Lybica and by Thcopbrallm jmp«M likewife there is another of America,or of the Indiesjwhich is not to be found in thefe regions of Europe. 1 Popalut H I S T O R I E OF PLANTS. 1301 VI- The defeription, 1 '"T” 1 Me white Poplar tree commeth (bone to perfection, and groweth high in fhort time,full of J boughes at the top: the barkeofthe body is fmooth, and that of the boughes is iikewife white withal!: the wood is white,eafie to be cleft: the leaucs are broad,deepely gafhed,and cornered like alnioft to thole of the Vine,but much lcffer,finQoth on the vpper fide, glib, and fbme- what grecne 5 and on the neather tide white and woolly: the catkins are long,downy,at the firft of a purplilh colour: the rootes fpread many waies,lying vnder the turffe,and not growing deepe, and therefore it hapneth that thefe trees be oftentimes blowne downe with the winde. 2 * The blacke Poplar tree is as high as the white, and now and then higher, oftentimes fuller of bou-;hcs,and with a thicker body: the barkc thcreofis Iikewife fmooth, but the fubftance of the wood is harder yellower,& not fo white,fuller of veines,& not fo eafely cleft: the leaues be fomwhac long,and broad below towards the ftem,fharpe at the point,and a little (nipt about the edges,nei¬ ther white nor woolly,like the leaues of the former,but ofa pleafant greene colour: among which comefoorrh long aglets or catkins, which do turneinto clufters: the buds which (hew thcmfelues before the leaucs fpring out,ate of a reafonible good fauour, of the which is made that profitable ointment called Vn^uentum Populeon. 3 The third kind of Poplar js alfo a great tree: the barke and fubftance of the woode is fomewhat like that of the former: this tree is garniihed with many brittle and tender branches, fetful! of leaues,in a manor round,much blacker and harder then the blacke Poplar, hanging vpon long and flenderftems, which are for the rnoft part flillwauering, and make a great node by being beaten one to another, vea though the weather be cal me,and fcarce any winde blowing 5 and Icnowne by the name of the Afpen tree: the rootesheerof are ftronger, and grow deeper into the ground then thofe of the white Poplar. 4 This ft range Poplar,which fomedocal Popular rotnndifoli(ih\n Englifh the round leafed Poplar ofIndia,waxeth a great tree, bedeCt with many goodly twiggie branches, tough and limmer like Pppp i the s 3 os THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE the Willow, full cfioints where the leaues c!o grow,of a perfect roundnes,failing where it cleaueth or growerh to the ftalke:from the bofomes or corners ofthefe leaues come foorth finall aglets,like vnto our Poplar, but (mailer : the leafe is thicke,and very like the leaues of Arbor lad*, but broader, of an aftringent taftc,fomewhat heating the mouth,and faltifh. There is aifo another fort of Poplar,which groweth likewife vnto a great trce,the branches wher- ofare knottie and bunched foorth,as though it were full offcabs or fores: the leaues come foorth in tufts, moft commonly at the endes of the boughes,not cut or lagged, but refembling the leaues of that ^Atnplex, called pes anfirinus 5 in colour like the former, but the aglets are not fo clofely packt togither,othcrwife it is like. 3 Populus Libyca. The Afpen tree. 4 Populus ^Americana. The Indian Popler tree. •fe The place. Thefe trees do grow m low moiftpIaces,as in medowes neere vnto ditchcs,ftanding waters,and riuers. The firft kinde of white Poplar groweth not very common in England, but in fome places heere and there a tree; I found many both fmall and great growing in a Iowe medow turning vp a lane at the further end of a village called Blackwall,from London; and in Eflex at a place called Ouenden, and in diners other places. The Indian Poplar groweth in moft parts of the Hands of the weft Indies. Thettme. Thefe trees do bud foorth in the end ofMarch,and beginning of Aprill, at which time the buds muft be gathered to feme for Vnguentum Populeon. A The names. The white Poplar is called in Greeke : in Latine Populus alba , of diuers Tat farm, as of Phuh tsa in his Comedie Penulus: ---- HISTORIE OF PLANTS. * if cum legiont dedi Fundaffte : cos profer neb am vtfolia Far fart. * A net Igaue vnto my band, * or Birdlime. And flings with ftones to burle by hand. And all along I feld my foes, Like Poplar leaucs beatc downe with blowes. I303 .. . ;;.r... Vv' i It is called in high Dutch PoppelbawtLOToT? SHto&attttt X in low Dutch Tfieel, ofhis horie or aged coIour,and alfo 2 &ettt)O 0 tt 1 £ X which the Grammarians do falfely intciprete Abies, the Firre tree: in Italian Popolo bianco: in Spanifh Alamo bianco: in French Peuplter blanc } Aubel,Obel , or Au~ beau: in Englifh white Poplar tree 3 and Abcell,after the Dutch name. The fecond is called in Grecke : in Latine Populus nigra: by Petrus Crefcentiiu ^Albarus: in high Dutch ^fpeiU in low Dutch popititt? jin Italian Popolo nero: in French Peuplter noir: in Spanifh ^Alamonigrilho ;in Englifh Poplar tree,blacke Poplar,and Pepler.The firft or new fprung buds whereof 3 aie called of the Apthccarics Ocith Populi, Popler buds: others choofe rather to call it Gemma Populi: fome of the Grecians name it <*■*&««, whereupon they grounded their errour, who rafhlyfuppofedthatthofeRoflnieorclammiebudsarenottobeputor vfedin the compofition of the ointment bearing the name of the Poplar,and commonly called in Englifh Popilion,and Pom- pillion jbut the berries that grow in clutters,in which there is no clammines a t all. They are alfo as far deceiued who giuingcredite to Poets fables, do beleeue that Ambercom- meth of the clammie Rofin,fallinginto the riuer Poo. The third is called of diners Popnlustremula, which worde is borrowedof the French men, who namejt Trww/^italforeceiued a name amongft the low countrey men/rom the noife and ratling ofthe leaues, who call it fRfttCCLr, this is that which is named of PlinieLibyca, and by T eophra - Jlus luprM, which (J^^iicalleth Populus montana : in Englifh Afpe, and Afpentrce , and may alfo be called Tremble,after the French name, confidering it is the matter whereof womens toon es were made,as the Poets and fome others report 3 which feldome ceafe wagging. •fr The temperature and verities. The white Poplar hath a clenfing faculty faith Galen, and a mixt temperature, confiding of a wa- A t ery warme efience,and alfo a thinne earthie fubftance. The barke 5 as Diofcorides wrireth 3 to the weight ofan ounce(or as others fay,and that more truly, B of little more then a dram)is a good remedy for the fciatica,or ache in the hucle bones, and for the flrangury. That this barkers good for the Scia.tica 3 serrnM ' ’ >th alfo write. - C S a pi us occult is villa coxendice morbus P erfur.it,&greffus diro languore moratur “ Populus alba, dab it medicos de cortice pot us.\ An hidden difeafe doth oft rage and raine, : The hip ouercome and vexe with the paine 3 It makes with vile akingone tread flowe and fhrinke 3 The barke of white Poplar is helpe had in diinke. The fame barke is alfo reported to make a woman barren , if it be drimkewith the kidney of a D Mule,which thing the leaues likcwife arc thought to performe 3 being taken after the flowers or reds be ended. The warme iuice of the leaues'Being dropped into theeares , doth take away the paine thereof. E The rofin or clammie fubftance of the blacke Poplar buds is hot and dry,and of thin parts, and F doth attenuate and mollifie : it is alfo fitly mixed acopis ef malagmatis: the leaues hauein amancr the like operation for all thefe things 3 yet weaker and not fo effedtuallas Galen teachetb. The leaues and yoong buds of black Poplar do afTwage the paine of the gout in the handes or G feete 3 being made into an ointment with Maie butter. Pppp 2 The i 3 o 4 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE * H The ointment time is made of the buds, is good againft all inflammations, brutes, iquats, fals and fuch like: this ointment is ^ery wellknowne to the Apothecaries. I Paulas ^iEgweta teacheth to make an oile alfo heerof, which is called ^AEgyrinum.QK. oyle of blacke Poplar# Ofthe Tlane tree . Chap. iizj.. T He Plane is a great tree, hauingverie lone andfaifpreadingboughes, carting a won- derfull broad fhadow, by reafbn whereof it was highly commended and efteemed of among the old Romanes: the leaues are cornered like thofe of Palma chrifti , greater then -Vine leaues, and hangin g vpon little red footeftalks: the flo¬ wers areimalfand moffie,and of a pale yellowiflh colour: the fruite is round like a ball, rugged, and fomwhat haniejbut in Afla more hairie and grea¬ ter,almoft as big as a Wall nut: the roote is great difpe rfmg it telle far abroad. is The place. The Plane tree delightethtogrowbylprings and riuers: Pliny reporteth that they were woont to be cherillied with wine ; they grew afterwards faith he, to be offo great honour (meaning the Plane trees)as that they were chenfbed and wa¬ tered with wine: it is founde by experience that the fame is very comfortable to the rootes, and we haue already taught that trees defire to drink wine. This tree is ftrarige in Italy, it is nowhere feenein Germanie, nor in the low countries: in Afiak groweth plentifully; it is founde alio in Candie,growing in valleies, andneere vnto the hill Athon,as Petrm Bellonim in his Singularities doth declarqic groweth in many places of Greece, and is found planted in fame gardens of Italy,for pleafure rather then for profite. My feruant Willi- amMarfiall^whom I lent into the Mediterranean fea,as chirurgion vnto the Hercules of London, found diuers trees heerof growing in Lepanta?,hard by the fea fide,at the entrance into the towne, a port of Morea,being a part of Gieece,and from thence brought one of thofe rough buttons, be¬ ing the fruite thereof is T he time. The Plane trees cart their leaues in winter, as Bellonim teftifieth, and therefore it is no maruell that they keepe away the funne in fommer,and not at all in the winter.-there is faith Plmie no grea¬ ter commendation of the tree then that it keepeth away the funne in fommer, and entertaineth it in winter. Platanm. TTln/* D1 is The defer iption. is The names. This tree is called in Greeks : and likewife in Latine Platanm ; it beareth his name of the breadth : the French mens Plafhe cloth farre differ hom this, which is a kinde of Maple: this tree is aiamed in Engliih Plane tree. is The tempera ture and vertues. A The Plane tree is ofa colde and moirt eflence, as Galen faith: thegreene leaues are good to be ■' laid vpon hot fweilings and inflammations in the beginning. Being i HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1305 Beingboyled in wine they arearemedie for the running and watering of theeies,ifchcybeap-B plied. The barke and bals dodriej the barke boyled in vinegerhelpeth the toothache. The fruit of the Plane tree drunke with wine,hclpeth the bitings of maddogs andferpents, and mixed with hogs greafe,it maketh a good ointment againft burning and fealding. The burned barke doth mightily drie, and fcowreth withall 5 it remooueth the white feurfe, and E cureth moyft vlcers. The duft or downe,faith Galen , that lieth on the leaues of the tree, is to be taken heede of: for if F itbedraweninwith thebreth, it is offenfiue to the windpipe by his extreme drinefle, and by ma¬ king the fame rough, and hurting the voice, asitdothalfo the fight and hearing, if it fall into the eies or eares. Dio/condes doth not attribute this to the duft or downe of the leaues onely,but alfo to that of the bals. Of the Wayfaring tree. Qjap.uj. LanUna,fue Viburnum , The Wayfaring tree. * The deforty ion. T He Wayfaring mans tree groweth vp to the height of an hedge trec,ofa meane big- ncfle: thetrunke orbodie thereof is cot e- red with a ruflet barke : the branches arc long, tough,and eafie to be bowed,and hard to he bro¬ ken,as are thofeof the Willow, couered with a whitifh barke j whereon are let broade leaues, thicke and rough , (lightly indented about the edges, of a white colour, and fumewhat haine whileft they be frefh and gteene: bur n hen they b^ gm to wither and fall away, thev growe lome- whatrcddifh,andarelet togither bycou Icsoi e oppofitc to another : the flowers are white, and growe in clufters, after which come chillers of fruit,of the bignefle of a Peafe,fomewhat flat on both Tides 5 at the firft greene,after red ,and black when they be ripe: the route dilperleth it f elfe far abroade vnder the vppermoft cruft of the earth. ib 7 be place. This tree growerh in moft hedges in rough and ftonic places, vpon hils and lowe woods, cl- peciallyin the chalkie groundesof Kent about v Cobham,Soutbfleete and Graueiend,and al the trudf to Canterburic. • iel he time. The flowers appeere in fornmer; rheberries be ripe in the end of Autumne, andnevvkaues come foorth in the fpring. The names. This hedge tree is called Viurnaol Ruellius ; in French Viornc and Viorna: in Italian Lantana: itj is reputed for the tree Viburnum, which Virgil maketh mention of in the firft Eclog, whei e he com- mendeth rhe citie Rome for the loftinelTe and ftatelinefte thereof,aboue other cities laying,! hat as the tall Cyprefle trees do fhew themfelues aboue the lowe and fhrubbie Viorne 3 fodoth Rome aboue other cities lift vp hir head very high,in thefe verfes: Pppp z Verum DO ijo5 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Verum hac tantum alias inter caput extulit vrbes * Quantum lent ajo tent inter ’viburna Citpnft: But * this, among other cities and townes 3 * Rome vpon Hath fo much more (lately borne vp hir head 5 (eucn hils. By how much the Cypreffes carrie their crownes, Aboue the lowe viorns bending (like lead.) 7 be temperature. The leaues and berries of Lantana are colde and drie ,and ofa binding qualitie, ft 7 he vertues. A The decoction of the leaues of Lantana is very good to be gargled in the mouth againft all fwel- iings and inflammations thereof., againft the (curuie and other difeales of the gums, and fafteneth loofe teeth, B The fame boyled in lie doth make the haires blacke, if they be bathed or wafhed therewith^ and fuftered to drie of it felfe. c The berries are of the like facultie: the powder whereofwhen they be dried, doth ftay the laskc, all ifliies of blood, and al(o the whites. D ft Is reportedjthat the barke of the roote of the tree buried a certaine time in the earth 3 and after- wards boyled and (lamped according to the art thereofynaketh good birdlime for fowlers to catch birdes with. Of the cade tree . Chap. 11 6, ft 1 he deferrpfion. t r ~F His tree was called Zizipha Candida by the Herbarifts of Montpellier, and by the Venetians and Italians Sycomorus, but vntruly; the Portingales haue termed it Arborparadtzo, all which and each whereof haue erred togither, both in refpeiff of the ftuitandof the whole tree :fome haue called it Ztz,tpha } though in facultie it is nothing like sforthe taftc of this fruit is very HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1307 very vnpleafant,virulent and bitter.But deciding al controuerfies,this is the tree which Auiccn cal- leth Azederacb, which is very great, charged with many large armes, that are garnifhed with twig- gie branches, fecfull of great leaucs, confiding of fundry (mail leanes, one growing right oppoiite to another like the leanes of the Afh tree, or Y'N hicken tree, but more deepely cut a bout the edges like the teeth of a faw: among which come the flowers confifting of fine imall leanes laid abroad in manner of a ftar, from the midft whereof groweth foorth a fmali hollow cup refemblinga chalice; after which fucceedcth the fruit coueredwith a brownifh yellow ihell, very like vnto the fruic of, Iuiubes(whereof Dodcnxvs in his laft edition maketh it a kinde)of a ranke,bitter,& vnplcalanc taitc, with a ftone within, which being drawen on a filing, ferueth to make Beadesof, for wantofother things. 2 Ziziphtu Cappadocia groweth not fo great as the former, but is of a meane ftature,- and full of boughes:thebarkeis finooth andeuen,and that which groweth vpon the trunk and great boughes, is of a fhining fcarlet colour: cut of thefe great armes or boughes growe (lender twigs, white and foft, whic h ate fet full ofwhitifh leaues,but more white on the contrarie or backe part,and are like ro the leaues ofWillow, but narrower and whiter : among thefe leaues come foorth finall hollow yellowifh flowers, growing at the joints of the branches moft commonly three togither, and of a pleafant fauour 5 with fome few threds or chiues in the middle thereof: after which fucceedeth the fruit,of the bignefTc and fafhion of the (mailed: Oliue,white both within & without,wherein is con¬ tained a fmali (tone,which yeeldeth a kernell of a pleafant take and very (weete. it The place. Matbiolus wviteth,xhat Zizipha candida te found in cloyflerspf certaine monafteries in Italie; iPObclm fairh, that it growgth in many places in Venice and Narbon; and it is woont now of late to be planted and chenihed in the goodliefl orchards of all the lowe countries. Zizjphm Cappadocia groweth like wile in many places of Italie, and fpecialiy in Spaine; it is al(o cherifned in gardens both 111 Germanie and in the lowe countries. £ The time. Thefe trees flower in lune in Italie and Spaine; their fruit is ripe in September ;butin Germanie and the lowe countries there doth no fruit follow the flowers. 1 £ The names. Zizipba Candida ^Auiccn calleth Azedarach, or as diuers read it Azedaraeth, and they name ir, faith he,in Rechi Arbor tJAlirobalan or um, or the Mirobalane tree,butnot properly,and in Tabraflen, and Kien,and Thahich. T he later writers are far deceiued in taking it to be the Sycomore tree; and they as much that would haue it to be the Lote or Nettle tree: it may be named in Hnglifh Beade tree,for the caufc before alleaged. T he other is altera fpecies Zizipbi, or a fecond kinde ofluiube tree,which Columella in his p.booke 4.chapter doth call Ztziphm a'ba , or white Iuiube tree, for difference from the other that is furna- med A«/r/k,or glittering red. P/z/z/ecalleth this Ziziphus Cappadocia, in his 2i.booke 9. chap.where he intreatcch of the honor of garlands,of which he faith there be two kindes, whereof fome be made of flowers, and others of leaues: I would call the flowcrs,faith he,broomes (for of thofe is gathered a yellow (lovver)and Rhododendron, al(b Zizipha , which is called Cappadocia. The flowers of thefe are fweete of fmell, and like to Oliue flowers: neither doth Columella or Plmie vnaduifedly take this for Ziz/phtes , for both the leaues and flowers grow out of the tender and new fproongrwigs,as they likewife do out of the former : the flowers are very fweete or fmell,and call their fauour far abroad : the fruit alfoislike to that of the former. £ The temperature. Auiccn writing and intreating of o dzaradaeth faith,that the flowers thereofbe hot in the thirdc degree,and dry in the end of the fnfl, Ziziphm Cappa doc/a is cold and drie ofcomplexion. £ Thevertues. The flowers of Ziz'iphao r Azaradaeth openeth the obftru&ions ofthebraine. Ihediflilled wat er thereof killerh nits and lice, preferueth the haireof the head from falling, efpecialiy being mixed with white wine,and the head bathed with it. The fruit is very hurtfull to the chefl, and a troublefome enimie to the flomacke, it is dangerous, C and peraduenture deadly. Moreouer, it fs reported that the deco&ion of the barks and of Fumitorie, wichMirobalansad- D ded,is good for agues proceeding of flegme. Pppp 4 The 03 > 1308 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE E The iuiccofthe vppermoft leaues with honie is a remedie againftpoyfon. F The like alfo hath F bafts. The Beade tree,faith he,is hot and due: it is good for ftoppings of the head ,it maketh the haire long;yet is the fruit thereof very offenfiue to the ftomacke ,and oftentimes found to be pernicious and deadly. G Mathtolu* writerhjthat the leaues and wood bringeth death euen vnto beafts, and that the poy- fon thereof is refilled by the fame remedies that Oleander is. H Ziziphus Cappadocia preuaileth againft the diteaies aforefaid, but the decodtion thereof is very good for thofe whole water fealdeththem with thecontinuall ifluing thereof, as alfo for fuchas haue the running of the raines, and the exulcerations of the bladder and priuie parts. | A looch or licking medicine made thereof or the firupe, is excellent good againft Ipettingof blood proceeding of the diftiliations of fharpe or fait humors. Of the Loteor j\fettleiree. Cbap.uj . Lotus arbor. The Nettle tree. & T he defeription. T HeLote whereof we write, is a tree as big as a Peare tree, or bigger and high¬ er : the body and armes aie very thicke; the barke whereof is Imoothe, of a gallant greene colour tending to blewnefle : the bougbes are long, and fpread themlelues all about: the leaues be like thofe of the Nettle, fharpe pointed,and nicked in the edges like a fawe, & dafht here and there with ftripes of a yellowifh white colour: the berries be round, and hang vpon long ftalks like Cherries, of a ycllowilh white colour at the fitft, and after¬ wards red,but whe they be ripe,they be fom- whatblacke. # The place. This is a rare and ftrangetiee in both the Germaniesrit was brought out of Italy where there is found ftore thereof, as Mathiolusiz- ftifieth: I haue a fmall tree thereof in my gar- den.There is likewife a tree thereof in the gar¬ den vnder London wall,fometime belonging to M.Gray,2n Apothecary of London ;and an other great tree in a garden neere Colman ftreete in London, being the garden of the Qneenes Apothecary at the impreffion here- oftcalled M Hugh A<forgan,acv.uous c oferuer of rare fimples. 1 he Lore tree doth alfo grow in Affrike,butit fomewhat differeth from the Italian Lotc in fruit, as Fhnie'm plaine words doth fhewin his i^.booke 17, chapter. That part of Afrike, faith he, that lieth towards vs 3 bringeth foorth the famous Lote tree.which they call Celtic and the fame well knowen in Italie,but altered by theloile; inis as big as the Peare tree, although Nepos Cornelius reporterh it tobefbor- ter: the leaues are full of fine cuts, otherwife they be thought to be like tholeof the Holme tree. There be many differences, but the fame are made efpecially by the fruit: the fruit is as b:g as a Beane,and ofthe colour of Saffron, but before itisthorow ripe,it changcth his colour as doth the Grape.Ic groweth thicke in bouhges after the manner of theMyrtlejnot as in Italic,after the maner ofthe Cherrie tree; the fruit of it is there fofweete, as it hath alio giuen a name tothatcountrie and ! and, nimu ho (pit alt aiuenarum obliuzone patrz<e. It is reported that they are troubled with no difeafes of the belly that eate it. The better is that which HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i$op which hath no kernel!, that is thought to haue a ftone in the other kinde: there is al/o prcfTed out of it a wine,like to a fweete wine; which the fame Nt pos deemeth to indure aboue ten daies,and the berries ftamped with^/^tobereferuedinvefielsasafoode. Moreouer,we haue heard faie, that armies haue beene fed therewith,as they haue palled too and fro thorow Affrike. r he colour of the wood is blacke: they vie to make tlutes and pipes of it: the roote lerueth for kniues hafts,and other fhort works: this is there the nature of the tree: thus far Phnie. In the lame place he faith,that this renowmed tree doth grow about Syrtesand Nalamonserandinhis 5.booke 7-chap.he ilieweth that there is not far from the lelfer Syrtis, the IiandMenynx, furnamed Lotophagitis, of the plentie of Lote trees. Strabo in his iy.bookeaffirmeth that not onely Menynx, but allb that Syrtis isfaidetobc Lotopbagitii: firft faith he,heth Syrtii a certainelong Hand by the name Cercinna, & another Idler, called Cercinnitis ;next to this is the lefler Syrtis,which they cal Lotophagitis Syrtis: the compas of this gulf is almoft n 5 oo.f urlongs jthe bredth of the mouth < 5 oo.By both the capes thet e be Hands ioined to the maine land,that is Circinna & Menynx,of like bignes: they think that Menynx is the countreyof the Lotophagos, or thofe that feede of the Lote trees,of which countrey Homer ma- keth mention,arrd there are certaine monuments to be feene;and altar,and the fruite it lelfe; for there be in it great plenty of Lote trees, whole fruit is woonderfull fwcete: Thus far Strabo. This Lote is alfo deferibedby Theophraflusin his 4 book,hefaith 5 that there be very many kinds, which be lcuered by the fruitrthe fruit is of the bignes of a beane,which when it waxeth ripe doth al¬ ter his colour as grapes do:the fruit which the Lotophagos do eate is lvveete,plcafant,harnilefle,&: holfomc for the belly,but that is plelanter which is without kernels,& of this they make their wine. This Lore tree as the fame author afhrmeth, is by nature cuerlarting, as for example,the Lote trees wherof Pltny hath written in his : 6 booke 44 chap. At Rome faith he,the Lote tree in Luctnas court how much elder it was then the church of the citie built in theyeere which was without ma- gilfrates 469. it is vneertaine: there is no doubt but that it was elder, bcaufe Lucina bare the name oftha tLucm or groue : H&cmnc circiter annum 450 habet. That is elder which is furnamed capilUta, or hairie; bicaufe the haire of the veffaii virgins was brought vntoitrbut the other Lote tree in Fcl¬ eans church,which Komulta built by the vi&ory of tenthes5 is taken to be as old as the citie,as Maf Jarvis witneffeth. As The time. They lofc their leaues at the firft approch of winter i and recoucr them againe in April: the fruit is ripe in September A T be names. This tree is called in Greeke : in Latine by Plmy Celt is : in Italian Per lar 0: by thofe of Trent Bag;laro : and in EngUfh Lote trec,and Nettle tree. A The temperature and vertues. The Lote tree is not greatly binding as Galen faith,but of thinne parts,and of a drying nature. A The deception of the wood beaten fmall, being either drunkeor vied glifterwifcj is aremedie B for the bloudie flixe ;and for the whites and reds. It ftoppeththelask,andmaketh thehaireyellow,&as G/j/^addethjkeepethhairesfrom falling. C The fhitiers or fmall peeces thereofas the fame author alleageth,are boiled lomCtimesin water, D fomtimes in wine,as neede fhall require. Of Italian wood ofLife, or Tooele woode , vulgarly called ' Lignum vitae. Chap. 118. A: The defeription. I Talian Lignum <vitdt> or woodeofLife, groweth to a faire and beautiful! tree, hauing aftraight and vprigiitbody,couercdouerwitha fmoothanddarke greenebarke, yeelding foorth man;e twiggic branches, fet full of goodly leaues ,hke thofe of the Peare tree, but of gieatei beauty & fomewhat broader: among which commeth foorth the fruite, growing clofe to the branches, al- moft without ffalks: this fruite is round,and at the firfl greene,but blacke when it is ripe, as bigge as Cherries, of an excellent fweet tafle when it is dried.’but this is not the Indian Lignumfanftwn, or Gua'acum, whereof our bowles and phificall drinkes are made,but it is a baftard kinde therof,firft planted in the common garden at Padua,by that learned Fallopius , who fuppofed it to be the right Guautum. At The 1 3 1 ° THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Guaiacum Patau/numJcalian wood of Life. it The place Guaiacum PatauimmfeXGwzth plentifully about Lugdunum , or Louane in France: I plantedin the garden at Barne Elmes" neere London two trees; befides there groweth another in the gar¬ den of Mailer Graie^ an Apothecarie of London: and in my garden likewife. it The time. It flowrethinMaie, and the fruite is ripe in September. it The names. Guaiacum Patauintm hath been reputed for the Lotus oipheophraftus: inEnglifh it is called the baftard Meuyn wood. it The temperature and vertnes. To let foorth the vertues of Guaiacum\twexz to fmall purpofe,confidering that eucry vagarant phifition & Quackfaluing Surgion,will boafl and brag that they know more,or at the lead as much as the bed and mod learned phifition,of the ope¬ ration therof: wherfore I determining to coceale my fimplecenfure thereof., being oueiweake to teach and indrudt the learned, amnot willing to fet foorth vnto thole boaders what I liaise learned of the right Guaiacum , and do refer the condderation therof vnto thole to whom it doth " dpecially appertaine. Of the Strawberrie tree . (ffhap. 119 . ^Arbutus. The Strawberie tree. it The defeription. T He Strawberrie tree groweth for the mod partlowc, very like in bignes to the Quince k^ tree(whereuntoD/^r/^Wcomparethir)the body is couered with a reddifh barke, both rough & fcaly: the boughes dand thickc on the top,fom-' what reddifh: the leaues be broad, long, fmooth, like thofe of Baies,fbmewhat nicked in the edges, and of a pale greene colour: the dowers growe in cinders,being hollow & white, and now and then on the one fide fomewhat of a purple colour: in their places comefoonh certaine berries hanging down vpon little long dems like vnto drawberries, but greater, without a done within, but only with little feedes 5 at the drd greene, and when they be ripe they are of a gallant red colour *in tade fome- what harfh,and in amanner,without any relifhjof which Thrufties and Black birds do feed in winter. it The place. The Strawberrie tree groweth in mod countries of Greece,in Candy, Italy and Spaine :alfoin the valleies of the mountaine Atbon, where being in other places but little, they become great & huge trees, as Petrus Bellcniui writeth : Iuba alfo repor- tethjthatin Arabiatheiebeofthe 50. cubits high. 13 II HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i # The time. The Strawberry tree flowreth in Inly and Auguft; and the fruite is ripe in September , after it hath remained vpon the tree by the fpace of an whole yccrc. •fr 7 he names. This tree is called in Grceke«We?f = in Latine ^Arbuttu : in Englifh Strawberrie tree,and offom Arbure tree. The fruite is named in Greekc n*(Judwr.ov, orasothersreadeit ^tfAyjjKov: in Latine Memacylum , and ^Mrbutum, and Piime calleth it Vnedo: Ground Strawberries,faith bc,haueone body,and Vne&o much like vnto them another body, which onely apple is like to the fruite of the earth ; the Italians call this Strawberrie Albatro: the Spaniards Madrono, UUedronheyroznd Medronho: in French Ar- beutes, o: irbotts: it may be named in Engliih tree Strawberry. "dc The temperature and vertues. The fruite of the Strawberrie trcc,is of a colde temperature, hurting the ftomacke, and caufing hcadach. Of the Tlum tree. Cbap.no. & Thekindes. npO write of Plums particularly would require a peculiar volume,and yet the end not to be attai- nc 1 vnto,nor the itocke or kinred perfectly knowne,neither to be difbinguiiTied apart: the num¬ ber ofthe (orts orkindes arenotknowne to anvone countrey: eueryclymate hath his ownc fruite, far different from that of other countries: my lelfe hauc three fcore forts in my garden,& all Itrangc and rare: there be in other places many more common , andyetyeerely commethtoourhandes others not before knowne, therefore a fewe figures fhall feme for the reft. I Prunus Domejlica. The Damfon tree. 2 Prumti Mirobalanm. The Myrabolane Plum tree. ^The 13 I 2- THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ‘kThe defcription. 1 He Plum or Damfon tree is of a meane bignes;it is couered with a fmooth barke:the bran- I ches are long, whereon do grow broad leaues,more long then round,nicked in the edges: the flowers are white: the Plums do differ incolour,fafhionandbignes;theyalIcon{iltof pulpe, and skin , andalfocfkernell, which is flint vp in a fliell or flonc. Some Plums areof a blackifh blew e,of which fome be longer ; others rounder; others of the colour of yellow waxc j di¬ ners ofacrimfon red, greaterfor rhemoftpart then the reft. There be alfo greene Plums, and withall very long; of a fweete and pleafant tafte: moreouer the pulpe or meateof foireis drier and eafilier leparated fiom the fto.nejof other fome it ismoifter, and cleancthfafter: our common Damfon is knowne ro all,and therefore not to be ftoode vpon. 2 The Mirobalan Plum tree, groweth to the height of a great trec,charged with many great armes orboughes, which diuide themfelues into infinite ftnall twiggie branches, by meanes whereof it yeeldeth a goodly and pleafant fhadowe: thetrunkeor bodie is couered with a finer and thinner barke then any of the other Plum trees: the leaues do fomewhat refemblc thofe of the Cherrie tree; they are very tender, indented about the edges: the flowers be white: the fruirc is rotinde.,hanging vpon long footeftalks, pleafant to behold; greene in the beginning, red when it is almoft ripe; and being full ripe it gliftereth like purple mixed with blackc: theflefbor meate is full of iuicc, plea? fant intafte: theftoneisfmall,orofameanebignes: thetrecbnngethfoorthplcntieof fruiteucry other yeerc. 3 TrunmAmygd&faa. The Almond Plum tree. 4 Prunm Vamajccna. The Damfon Plum tree. # The defeription. 3 The Almond Plum groweth vptothe height of a tree of a meane bignefte : the branches a e long, fmooth,and euen: the leaues are broad,fomthinglong,and ribbed in diuersplaces, with ftnall nerues running through the fame: the flowers are white,fprinkled with a little dafh ofpurple, fiercely to be perceuied: tbc fruitc is long, hauing a cleft or flit downe the middle, of a brownc red colour,and of a pleafant tafte. 4 The H 1 STORIE OF PLANTS. 1315 4 The Damafcehe Plum tree groweth likewife to a meane height 5 the branches very brittle 5 the leaues of a deepe greene colour, i he fruit is round,of a blewifh blacke coIour.The ftone is like vnto that of the Cherrie,wherein it differeth from all other Plums. 5 Primusfyluejlris. The Sloe tree. Primus fyluejlrisflcretis. The Sloe tree in flower. 7 he iefcripticn. 5 The Bullefie and the Sloe tree are wilde kindes of Plums, which do varie in their kinde, euen as the greater and manured Piums do. Of theBullette, Tome are greater andof better tatte than others. Sioes are feme ©f one tafte, and fome of others, more fharpe; fome greater,and others lef- fer ; the which to aiftinguifh with long deferiptions were tofmall purpofe, confidering they be all andeueryof them knowen euen vnto the fimpleft: thereforethis fhall futfice for their feuerail deferiptions. k The place. The Plum trees growe in all knowen countries of the world: they require a bofc ground; they alfo receiue a difference from the regions where they growe, not onely of the forme or fafhion, but cfpecially of the faculties, as we will foorthwith declare. The Plum trees are alfo many times gratfed into trees of other kinds, and being fo ingraffed they, faciem parentis, fuccum adopt ionis, vt Vilnius die it, exhiber.t. The greateft varietie of thelenare Plums are to befound in the grounds of Matter Vincent Poin- ter ofTwicknam (before remembred in theChaptetof Apples) although my felfe am not with out fome.and thofe rare and delicate. The wilde Plums growe in tr.oft hedges through England. k The time. The common and garden Plum trees do bloome in Aprill,the Icaues come foorth prefently with them 5 the fruit is ripe in fommer,fome iooner,fome later. k The names. The Plum tree is called in Greeke*™^^: in Latine Vrunus: in high Dutch 53 flflUW£nf!ftiUlU in lowe Dutch jpgUpUICU ♦ in Spanifh Cirtuie: in French Prunier: in Englifh Plum tree. The 1314 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The frnit is called in Greeke : in Latine Prunum : in high Dutch pfiftyUKlU inlowe Dutch ♦ in Italian and French Prune ; in Spanifh Prunas: in EngJifh Prune and Plum 5 thefe haue alfo names from the regions and countries where they growe. The olde writers haue called thofe that growe in Syria neere vnto Damafcus, Dawafcena Prana, jnEnglifh Damfons, or Damaske Prunes; and thole that growe in Spaine, Htjpamca, Spanifh Prunes or Plums: So in our age we vfe to call thofe that grow in Hungarie, Hungarica or Panno- n/ca,X J lums of Hungarie; fome Gallic* Puma, or French Prunes, of the countrieof Fraunce. Clear- chm Peripateticm faith, that they of Rhodes and Sicilia do call the Damaske Prunes Brabula. 7 he temperature and vert ties. fa Plums that be ripe and new gathered from the tree,what fort foeuer they are of,do moyften and code, and yeeld vnto the body very little nourishment, and the fame nothing good at all : for as Plums do very quickly rot, fo is alfo the iucie of them apt to putrifie in the body,& likewife to caufe the meat to putrifie which is taken with them, onely they are good fbr thofe that would keeDe their bodies foluble and coole 3 for by their moyfture and flipperinefle they do mollifie the belly. £ Dried Plums, commonly calledPrunes, are holfomcr and more pleafant to the ftornacke, thev yeeld more nourifhment and better, and fuch as cannot eafily putrifie. It is reported, faith Galen in hisbookesof the faculties of nourifhments, that the heft do growe in Damafcus acitieof Syria; and next to thofe, they that growe in Spaine; but thefe do nothing at all binde, yet diners of the Damaske Damfon Prunes very much: for Damaske Damfon Prunes are more aftringent,bur they of Spaine be {wetter.Diofcor ides faith,that Damaske Plums dried do, Ray the belly; bur. Galen affir- meth in his bookes of the faculties of fimple medicines, that they do manifeftly loofe the belly, yet letter than they that be brought out of Spain,being boyled in Meade or honied water,which hath a . good quantitie of honie in it, they loofe the belly very much (as the fame author faith) although a man take them alone by themfelues, and much more if the Meade be hipped after them. We mod commend thofe of Hungarie being long and fweenyet more thofe ofMorauia the chiefe and prin- cipall citie in rimes paft of the prouincc of the Marcomans : for thefe after they be dried, that the waterie humour maybe confumed away, be moft pleafant to the tafle, and doeafily without any troubleibmiollifie the belly, as that in that refpedl they go beyond Caflia and Manna, as Tho - m<vs lor dan alfirmeth. q Theleauesof the Plum tree are good againft the (welling of theVuula, the throte, gums, and kernels vnder the throte and iawes; they flop the rheume and falling downe of humors, if the de¬ ception thereofbe made in wine, and gargled in thcanouth and throte. D The gumme which commeth out of the Plum tree, doth glew and fatten togirher,'as D/V/£<?- rides faith. £ Being drunke in wine it watteth away the flone, andhealeth Lichens in infants andyoongchil- dren;ifit be laide on with vineger, it worketh the fame effe&s that the gum of the Peach and Cher- rie tree doth. p The wilde Plums do flay and binde the belly, and fo do the vnripe Plums of what fort foeuer, whiles they are fharpe and lower,for then are they aftringent. q The iuice of Sloes do flop the belly,the laske and bloodie flixe, the inordinate courfe ofwomens termes,and all other itthes of blood in man or woman,and may very well be vfed in flead of Acatia, which is a thornie tree growing in Egypt,very hard to be gotten,and ofa deere price,and therefore the better for wantons, albeit our Plums of this countrie are equall vnto it in venues. Of Sehejlen^or the dAfyrian c Plum . Q Jd P * 121 * * The defeription. S Ebefttnes are alfo akindc of Plums: the tree whereof is not vnliketothe Plum tree, fauingic groweth lower than the moft of the manured Plum trees; theleauesbe harder and rounder; the flowers growe atthetopsof the branches confitting of fine ifnall white leaues, with pale yellowifb threds in the middle, like thofe of the Plum tree : after followeth the fruit like to little Plums, fattened in little cups like vnto Acorncs, whith when they be ripe are of a greenifh blacke colour, wherein is contained a three fquare flone fomewhat hard. The fruit is fweete in tafle, the pulpe or meats is very tough anddammic,a matter fit to make birdlime ofi HISTORIE OF PLANTS, Sebeficn.Myxafiue Myxaria. Aflyrian Plums. ft Thep /ace. The Sebeften trees growe plentifully in Syria and Egypt 5 they were in times pall forraine and drange in Italie,now they growe almod fn euery garden, beingfird brought thither inp/iniehis time. Now do the Sebcflen trees, faith he in his 15. booke 18. chapter, begin to growe in Rome among the Seruice trees. ft The time. The time anfwereth the common Plums, ft The names. Plinit calleth the tree Myxa,it may be fufpe&ed that this is the tree which Matron Parodus in his Attick banket in Athene doth call A^wi^/Vjbuc we canot certainly afhrme it,& Specially bicaufe diuers copies haue diuerfly deemed thereof.The berrieor fruit is named w/£oi' and n^dtiov, neither haue the Latines any other name. The Arabians and the Apothecaries- do call it Sebejlen, which is alfo made anEnglifn name: we may call it the Aflyrian Plum. ft T he temperature and vertues. Sebedens be very temperatly cold and moyd, A and haue a thicke and clammie fubdance; there¬ fore they nourifh more than mod fruits do, but withall they eafily flop the intrailes,and duffe vp the narrow' padages, and breede inflammations. They take away the ruggednes of the throte B and lungs,and alfo quench third, being taken in a looch or licking medicine,or prepared any other kinde of way,or elfe taken by it felfe. The waight of ten drams, or of an ounce and a halfe of the pap or pulpe hereof being inwardly G taken, doth loofe the belly. There is alfo made of this fruit a purging Ele&uarie, but fuch an one as quickly mouldeth, and D therefore it is not to be vfed,but when it is new made. Of the Indian dPlum } or cS~\firobalan tree . Chap . i zz. ft The kindes. Here be diuers kindcs of Mirobalans, and therefore not eafily comprehended vnder onede- * feriptiomthey be alfo of diuers colours,fome are yellow, fbme of Orange tawny,fome blacke, fbme called ChebuU, fbme Bethrica, fbme Embhca ; they likewife growe vpon diuers trees, and in di¬ uers and fundrie countries far didant one from anothcrjyet Mejue faith,that the yellow and blacke, andth t ChebuU are thought to growe vpon one tree, for before they be ripe they be yellow, and when they are full ripethey be blacke; notwithdanding mod are of opinion, that fuch as differ in colour are of diuers trees, and that the flue kindes growe vpon flue diuers trees: and of this opi¬ nion is Garcia the Lufitanian Phificion. •kThe definition. 1 rr P , He fird of the Mirobalan trees called ChebuU , is a fhrubbie tree alfogither wilde(which the I In&ians&ocaWAretca) in daturenotvnliketo the Plum tree; the branches are many, and growe thicke togither,whcreon are fet Ieaucs like thofe of the Peach tree. The fruit is grea¬ ter than any of the red,fomewhat long, fafhioned like a Peare. 2 This fecond kinde ofMirobalan called Flaua C/trina,which fome do call Aritiqui, but the com¬ mon people of India csfrare, groweth vpon a tree of meane dature, hauing many boughes danding finely in order,and fet full ofleaues like vnto the Seruice tree, I Mirohalani H x6 the third booke of the * u‘Zt l r iChC tt- u, 2 AiirobalaniCitrtftdi. MirobJans with Peach Icanes. Mirobalans with Scruice ieaues. 3 Mhob&l&m Be llirtc^e & Emblica. The fruit of two forts ofMirobalanes. 4 Mtrobalam Indict. Indian Mirobalane tree. iji7 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. it T he defcription. 3 The thirdkinde of Mirobalans called Emblic*, the Indians do call Lsimiale, which growc vpon a tree of meane llatine,likerhe former;but the leaucs are very much iagged,in lliape like theleaucs of Feme,but that they be lomewhat thicker. The Indians do not put the fruit hereof vn to phificall vies, butoccupieitforthe thickning and tanning of their leather in fleede of Rhicso rCoriars Su¬ mach,as alio to make inke and bletch for other purpofes. MirobaUni Belltnc* called of the Sauages Gotni and Guti, grovveth vp to a meane flature, gar- nifhed with leaucs like vnto Laurcll or the Bay tree , but lomewhat Icflcr, thinner, and of a pale grecne colour. 4 The fourth kind of Mirobalans is called Indie*, which the Indians do cal Rezannale, groweth vpo. a tree of meane ftature, or rather vpon a fhrub or hedge plant, bearing leaues like the Willow,and afruit eight fquare. There is a fift kinde,the tree whereof is not mentioned in authors. it 7 he place. The firft fewer kindes of Mirobalans do growe in the kingdome of Cambaia; they growe like- wife in Goa,Batecala,Malanor,and Dabul; the KebuU in Bilnager, Decan,Guzarate,and Bengala 3 and many other places of the Eaft Indies. it The time. The time agreeth with other fruits in thole countries. . it The names. Thole which we haue laid to be yellow,the inhabitants of thofe countries where they growe do call them ^ylrare ; thofe that be blacke, they caWRezennalei the Better ic*, Gotim ; the chebuU, K_Aretca ; the Emblic * are called l. Areticjui . iThe temperature. All the kindes of Mirobalansare in talte aftringentand fharpe like vnto thevnripe Sorbus> or Seruice berries,and therefore they are of complexion cold and drie. it Thevcrtues. Thelndians vfe them rather to binde than purge ; butiftheydo vfe them for a purge, they vie & the decodlion of them, and vfe them much conferued in fugar 3 and efpecially the ChebuU ; the yel¬ low and blacke be good that way likewife. The yellow and Betteric* taken before meate 3 are good again!! a laske,or weake ftomacke,as Gar- B ciM writeth. The yellow and blacke 3 or In an*, and the ChebuU, purge lightly, if two or three drams be taken, C and drawe fuperfluous humors from ifae head. The yellow,as fotne write,purgecholer pChebul* ftcomejndic* melancholic,and ftrengthen the D inward partes, but rolled in the imbers or otherwiie, walled 3 they drie more than they purge. There are two fortes efpecially brought into thefe partes of the worlde conlerued, the chebud*, E and of them the bell are fomewhat long like a fmallLimon, with a harde rinde and blacke pith, of thetalleof a conferued Wall nut; and the Better ic*, which are round and Idler, and tenderer in eating. If they be mingled with fharpe medicines, as $cammonie,itcorre< 5 leth their nature, andefpeci- F ally the yellow. 'CObelius writeth ,that of them the Emblic* do meanly coole,fomc do drie in the firjft degree,they G purge the ftomacke of rotten flegme, they comfort the braine,the finewes 3 the hart, and liuer, pro¬ cure appetite, Hay vomit, and coole theheateof choler, helpe the vnderllanding, quench third:, and the heate of the intrailes; the greatell and heauieft be the bell. They purge bell,and with lefter paine, if they be laide in water in the funne vntill they fwell, and H fod on a foft fire, & after they haue lod and be cold,preferucd in fo much white hony as the fourth part of it,pur to them. Our Apothecaries might very much further the happy proceedings of our Phifitions, if they I would procure to haue the aforefaid fruits greene,to diftill them, and ieferue the water thereof for a great iewell. Garcia found the diflilled water aforefaid to be right profitable again!! the French dilcafe, and K fuchlike infections. The feller ic* are alio of a milde operation, and do comfort, and are cold in the firft degree 3 and L drie in the fecond: the others come neere to the Emblic * in operation. Qjm 1 of THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 1318 Of thefuinbe tree . Chap.n^. In tulc ^/Jr ahum foie Zizdphus Dodon<ei. The Iuiube tree, Thedefcriplion. T Heluiube tree is not 11,uch idler than Zi- zipha Candida, hauing a wtearhed trunke or body, and a rough barke full of rifts or cra- nies,and (Life branches,befet with many ftrong and hard prickles: from whence grow out many long twigs,or little ftalks, halfe a foote or more in length,in fhew likeRufhes,limmer,and eafily bowing themfelues, and very (lender like the twigs of Spartum ; about which come foorth leaues one againft another, which arc fomwhat long, not very great, but hard and tough like to theleaues of Peruinca or Peruinkle ;& amongft thefe leaues come foorth pale and moflie little flowers ;after which fucceed long berries as big as 01 iues(ofa rneane quantitie)or little Prunes, or fmal Plums, wheron there is an hard or woo¬ dy fhell, in which the kernel or nut is contained. k The place. There be now at this day Iuiube trees grow¬ ing in very many places of Italie,which in times paftwere newly brought thither out of Syria, and that about Pltnie his time, as he himfelfe hath written in his 17. booke 10.chapter. k The time. It flowreth in April],at which time the feedcs or ftoncs are to be let or fb wen for increafe. k The names- This tree is called in Greeke and with in the fecond fyllable : in Latine likewife Zizyphw, and of Petrus Crefcentius Zezulm : in Englifh Iuiube tree. T he fruit or Plums are named in Greeke gfvvaglfaa : Galen calleth them as fuicen plainly fhewethin his 367. chapter intreating of the Iuiube, in which be let downethofe things, that arc mentioned concerning Serica in Galens booke of the faculties of notirifhments: in Latine likewife Zizypba and S erica : in fhops Iuiube: in Englifh luiubes. k Tbe temperature . luiubes are temperate in heate and moyfttire. k The verities. « The fruit of the Iuiube tree eaten,is of hard digeftion s and nourifheth very little, but being taken A in firupcs,ele6hiaries, and fuch like confections, it appeafeth and mollifleth the roughnefte of the throte,rhe breft and lungs,and is good againft the cough, but exceeding good for the reines of the backe ? the kidneies and bladder. Ofthe Qoerric tree . Chap . 114 . k The kindles . He ancient Herbarifts haue fet downc fower kindes of Cherrie trees;the flrft is great and wild; the fecond tame or of the garden § the third, whole fruit is lower ; the fourth is that which is called HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1310 called in Latin Chawacerafus } oi the dwaiffe Cherrie tree. The later writers haue found diuers forts more, fome bringing foorth greater fruit, others leflerj fome with white fruit, fome with blade; others of the colour of black blood,varying infinitely according to the climate and countric where they growe. 1 Ctrafus vulgaris. The common Englifh Cherrie tree. ..A 2 Cerafus pr.ccoxfae belgica. '1 he Flanders Cherrie tree. & The deferi' t tion. 1 HP He Englifh Cherrie tree groweth ro an high and great tree,the bodie wherof is ofa mcane bignes,which is parted aboueinto very many boughes 5 witha baikefbmewhatfrnooth,and o! a browne crimfon colour, tough and pliable. The fubftance or timber isalfb brownciii the middle, and the outward part is fbmething white. The leaues be great , broad, long, fetwith veincs or nerues, & (lightly nicked about the edges..The flowers arc white,of a meane bignes,con¬ fiding of flue leaues, and hailing ceitaine threds in the middle of the like colour. The Cherries be roundjhanging vpon long ftems or footeftalks, with a (lonein the middeft,which is couered with a pulpe or fofr mcate; the kernell thereof is not vnpleafant to the tafte, though (omewhat bitter. 2 The Flanders Cherrie tree differcth not from our Englifh Cherrie tree in fhture, or formeof leaues or flowers $ the difference confiftethin this, that this tree bringeth foorth his fruit fooner, and greater than the other. 3 The Spanifh Cherrie tree groweth vp to the height of our common Cherrie tree 3 the wood or timber (oft and loofe,coucrcd with a whitifh fcalic barke; the branches are knottie, greater & fuller offubftance than any other Cherrie rreej the leaues are likewise greater,and longer than any of the reft,in fhape like thofe of the Cheftnut tree: the flowers are like the other in forme, but whiter of colour: the fruit is greater and longer than any, white for the moftpart all oner, except thofe that (land in the hotted place where the funne hath fome reflexion againft a wall 3 they are alfo white within,and of a pleafant tafte. 4- The Gafcoinc Cherrie tree groweth very like vhto the Spanifh Cherrie tree in ftature, flowers and leaues: it differeth in that it bringeth foorth very great Cherries, long,fharpe pointed, with a certaine hollowncfle vpon one fide, and fpotted here and there with cercaine prickes of purple co- lour as (mailas land; the tafte is moft pleafan:,and excelleth in beautic. QJm * 3 *J J0 THE THIRD BGOKE OF THE 3 Cer*JU Hifttmce. 4 CetifuGafcorttu. The Gafcoine Cherrie tree. The Spamili Cherrie tree. 5 Cerdfia Serotina. Late ripe Cheinctree 6 Ceraftis vno ptdjcu/opl'ura. The Clutter Cherr.e tree. 1321 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 9? Thcdcfcription. ! 5 The late ripe Cherrie tree groweth vp like vnto our wilde Englifh Cherrie tree, with the like leaues,branches and flowers/auing that they are fometimes once doubledrthe fruit is frail,round, & of a darke bloodie colour when they be ripe, which the French men gather with their flaks,and hang them vp in their houfes in bunches or handfuls againft winter, which the Phifitions do giue vnto their patients in hot and burning feuers, being firft fteeped in a little warme water, that cau- feth them to fwell and plumpe vp as full and frefh ,as when they did growe vpon the tree. 6 The Clufter Cherrie tree differeth not from thelaft defcribcd either in leaues,branches,or fta- ture: the flowers are alfo like,but neuer commeth any one of them to be double.Thc fruit is round, red when they be ripe,and many growing vpon one ftem or footlfalke in cluflers,likc as the Grapes do.Thc taftc is not vnpleafant,although fomewhat lower. 7 Cerafus mult:flora fruttut dens. 8 Cerafitt multi flora pAucioresfruttus ede ns. The double flowerd Cherrie tree bearing fruit. The double flowerd barren Cherrie tree. •klhe defer i^tion. 7 This Cherrie tree with double flowers groweth vp vnto a fmall tree, not vnlike vnto the com¬ mon Cherrie tree in each refpeCt, failing that the flowers are fomewhat doubled, that is to fay, three or fower times double t after which commeth fruit (though infinall quantitie ) like the other common Cherrie. 8 The double floivrcd Cherrie tree groweth vp like vnto an hedge bufh,but not fo great nor high as any of the others $ the leaues and branches differ not from the reft of the Cherrie trees. The flowers hereof are exceeding double, as are the flowers of Marigoldes, but of a white colour, and fmelling fomewhat like the Hawthorne flowers^ after which come feldon c or neuer any fruit, al¬ though fome authors haue faid that iibeareth fometimes fruit, which my felfp haue nor at any time feene; notwithflandingthe tree hath growen in my garden manyyceres, and that in an excellent good place by a bricke wall, where it hath the reflection of the fouth funne, fit for a tree that is not willing to be are fruit in our colde climate. Qjm 3 9 Cerufas Qjms I J22. THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE t??. The defer iption. 9 TheBirds Cherrie tree, or the black Cherrie tree,that bringeth forth very much fruit vpon one branch(which better maybe vnderflood by fight of the figure,then by words) fpringeth vp like an hedge tree of finall flature ,it growethinthe wilde woods of Kent. and are there vfed for flocks to graffe other Cherries vpon 3 ofbetter tafle,and more profite, as especially thofe called the Flan¬ ders Cherries : this wilde tree groweth very plentifully in the north of England , efpecially ata place called Heggdale,neere vntoRofgill in Weflmeiland 3 and in diners other places about Crof- bie Rauenfwaith, and there called Hegberrie nee: irgroweth likewife inMartome Parke, fewer miles fromBlackburne, and in Harward neere thereunto; inLancafhire almoft ineuerie hedge: the leaues and branches differ not from thofe of the wilde Cherrie tree: the flowers giowc dongfl the finall branches,confiflmg of fine fmall white leauef, with fome greenifh & yellow thrums in the middle,after which commeth the fruit, greene at the firfl,blacke when they be ripe,and of the big- neffe of Sloes j of an barfh and vnpleafant tafte. 10 The other Birds Cherrie tree differeth not from the other in any refpedl,but in the colour of the berries ;for as they are b’acke,contrary,theleare red when they be ripe,wherein they differ, 3 i The common blacke Cherrie tree groweth vp in fome places to a great ftature: there is no difference betweene it and our common Cherrie tree, failing that, that the fruite heeteof isveiy little in refpedl ofother Cherries,and be of a blade colour. 1 2 The dwarffe Cherrie tree groweth very feldome to the height of three cubits: the trunke or body finall,cotiered with a darkc coloured barke,whereupon do grovve very limber and pliant twig- gie branches: the leaues are very fmall, not much vnlike to thofe of the Prinet bufh: the flowers are fmall and white, after which come Cherries of a deepe red colour when they be ripe, oftafte fomewhat fharpe,but not greatly vnpleafant: the branches laide downe in the earth , quickly take roote,whereby it is greatly increafed 'kThe HI ST OR IE OF PLANTS. 1323 # Tbe defeription. My fclfe with diners others hane fundry other forts in cur gardens,one called the Hart Cherrie, the {greater and the Idler; one of a great bigneffe , and molt pleafant in talk, which we call Luke IVardes Cherrie, bicaufe he was the firft that brought the fame out of Italy ; another we haue called the Naples Cherrie , bicaule it was firft brought into thefeparts from Naples.* the fruite is veric great,fha-rpe pointed,fomwhat like a mans ha* t in fhapc,of a pleafant talk,and of a deepe blackifh colour when it is ripe,as it were of the colour of dried blond. We haue another that brmgeth foorth Cherries alio very great,bigger then any Flanders Cher¬ rie,of the colour of Icat,or burnifhed home, and of a moft pleafant talk,as witnefleth Mafter Bully theQiieenesMaieftiesClockmaker,vvhodid talk of the fruite (the tree bearing onely one Cher¬ rie, which he did eate ; (but my felie neuer tailed of it) at the impreflion hcereof. We haue alfo another,called the Agriot Cherrie, ofareafonablegood taffe. Another we haue with fruite or a dun colour,tending to a watcher. We haue one of the dwarffe Cherrie trees that bringeth foorth fruite as great as mod ofour Flanders Cherries,whereas the common fort hath very final Cherries, and thole of,an harfh rafte.’i hefe and many more forts we haue in our London gardens,whereof to write particularly, would greatly inlarge our volume, and tofmall purpole: therefore what hath been (aid lhailfuffice. X I & The.time. The Cherrie tree^bloome in Agrili5.fome bring foorth rhejr fruite fooner; fome later : the red Qicrr^es be alwaies better then the bjacke oftheicownc kin.de, sadia ipx **4 7 he n^mes. The Cherrie tree kcalled in Greeke-J^,- : and alfo in Latine Cera fat: in high Dutch BufcfjflT* feaUBl X in* low Dutch Offload £ riecf;?nij00ni X in French Cerifer: in Englifh Cherrie tree. Q^qq 4 The I3H THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE The fruite or Cherries be called in Greeke **&&&> and w-&jnr. and in Latinelikewife cerafa: in Englitli Cherries: theLatineand Englifh names in their feuerall tides fhall fufhee for the reft that might be faid. # T be temperature and vert ties. The heft andprincipall Cherries be thofe diat arc fomewhat fower: thofe little fweete ones, which be wilde and (ooneft ripe, be the woorft: they conteine bad iuice, they very foone putrifie, and do ingender ill blond ,by reafon whereof they do not onely breede woormes in the belly, but troublefome agues,and often peftilent feuers : and therefore in well gouerned common wealthes it is carefully prouided, that-they (hould not be Ibid in the markets in the plague time. g Spanifh Cherries are like to thefe in faculties,but they do not fo foone putrifie: they be likewife colde, and the iuice they make is not good. q The Fiaunders orKentifh Cherries that are through ripe,haue a better iuice, but warerie, colde and moift: they quench thirft,they are good for an hot ftomacke, and profitable for thofe that hau'e thcagevv: they eafily defeende and make the bodie fblublertheynouriih nothing at all. £) The late ripe Cherries which the French men keepe dried againft winter, and are by them -cab led Morelle , and we after the fame name call them Morell Cherries, are dry,and do fbmwhat bind: thefe being dried are pleafant to the tafte,and holefbme for the ftomacke,like as Prunes be, and do flop the belly. £ Generally all the kinds of Cherries are cold and moift of temperature,akhough fome more cold and moift then others: the which being eaten before meate do foften the belly very gently , they are vnholfome either vnto moifte and rheumatike bodies, or for vnhealthie and colde fto- mackes. p The common blacke Cherries do ftrengthen the ftomack, and are holfomer then the red Cher¬ ries ,the which being dried do flop the laske. Q The diftilled water of Cherries is good for thofe that are troubled with heate and inflammati* ons in their ftomackes,and preuaileth againft the falling ficknes giuen mixed with wine. H Many excellent Tartes,and other pleafant mcates are made with Cherries,Sugar,and other de¬ licate fpices,whereof to write were to fmal! purpofe. I The gum of the Cherrie tree taken with wine and water,is reported to helpe the ftone;it may do good by making the paftages fiippery, and by tempering and alayjng the fharpnes ofthe humors, and in this maner it is a remedy alfo for an old cough: Dtofcorzdes addeth thatit maketh one well coloured,cleereth the fight,and caufeth a good appetite to meate. Of the <£\ / £ulberie ( Tree.Chap. 125. •& The deferiptkm . ■■ V \ 1 'HpHc common Mulberie tree is high and fullof boughes: the bodie thereof is many times J great; the barke rugged ; and that ofthe roote yellow: the lcaues are broade and fharpe pointed, fomething harde, and nicked on the edges; in fteede of flowers^ire blowings or catkins, which are downie: die fruite is long, made vp of a number of little graines ,!ike vntoa blacke Bcrrie, but thicker, longer, and much greater , at the firft greene, and when it is ripe blacke, yet is theiuice whereof it is full, red: the roote is parted many waies. 2 The white Mulberie tree groweth vnrill itbe come vnto a great and goodlv ftature, almoft as big as the formerithe Ieaues are. rounder,not fo fharp pointed,nor fo deepeiy fnipt about the edges: the fruite is like the former,but that it is white and fomewhat more rafting like wine. 1 fflorut HISTORIC Of PLANTS, ijj5 I Mom. The Mulberie tree. i Morns alb A, The white Mulberie tree. *k The place. The Mulberie trees growe plentifully in Italie and other hot regions, where they do maintains great woods and groues of them, that their Silke wormes may feede thereon. The Mulberie tree is fitly fet by the flip 5 itmayalfo be grafted or inoculated into many trees, being grafted m a white Poplar,it bringeth foorth white Mulberies, as Eeritim in his Geoponikes reporteth. Thcfe growe in fundrie gardens in England. The time. Of all the trees in the orchard the Mulberie doth lafi: bloome, and not before the coldc weather is gone in May (therefore the olde writers were woont to call it the wifeft tree ) at which time the Silke wormes do ieetne to reuiue,as hauingthen wherewith to feede and nourifh tliemfelues,which all the winter before, doe lie like (mall graines orlcedes, orratherlike thedungingof a fiefhflie vponaglafic, or fomefuch thing, as knowing their proper time both to performe their duties for which they were created, and alfo when they may haue wherewith to maintaine andpreierue their owne bodies,vhto their buGnes aforefaid. The berries are ripe in Auguft. Hegejander in o<#^etf<*/»affirmeth,that the Mulberie trees in his time did 1 not bring foorth fruit in twendeyeeres togither,andthat fo great a plague of the gout then raigned'and raged fo generally,as not onely men but boyes, wenches, eunuehes and women were troubled with that difeafe. k The names. This tree is named in Greekc Mope* and*vw<m«: in Latine Morm: in fho ysMorusCetfr: in high Dutch C^aulhCthatinU inlowe Dutch bQOttl X in French CMenner: inEnglifh Muh berie tree. The fruit is called m'o&v and ™rJ[*roy: in Latine Morwn: in fhops Morum Celfl • in high Dutch iPaettU flC l in Italian Moro: in French Meure: in Spanifh Moras and Mores: in Euglifh Mulberie, k The temperature and vertuts. Mulberies being gathered before they be ripe, are colde and drie almoftin the third degree, and A do i$2.6 the third booke of the do mightily binde; being dried they are good for the laskc and bloodieflixe; the powder is vfed in meate, and is drunke with wine and water. 33 They day bleedings,and alfo the reds; they are good againd inflammations or hot fwellings of the mouth and iawes, and for other inflammations newly beginning. C The ripe and new gathered Mulberies are likewife colde,and be full of iuice,which hath the tade of winc,and is fomething drying,and not without a binding qualitie; and therefore it is alfo mixed with medicines for the mouth, andfuchas helpethe hot fwellings of the mouth, and almonds of the throte; for which infirmities it is Angular good. D Of the iuice of the ripe berries is made a confe&ion with fugar, called D/amrum, that is after the manner of a firrupe, which is exceeding good for the vlcers and hoc fwellings of the toong, throte,and almonds or VuuJa of the throte,or any other maladie arifing in thofe parts. E Thcfe Mulberies taken in meate,and alfo before meate, do veryfpecdily pafle thorow the belly, by reafon of the moyfture and flipperineflTe of their fubdance, and make apaflage for other meates, as Galen faith. E They are good to quench third, they dir vp an appetite to meate, they are not hurtfulltothc domacke,but they nourifh the body very little, being taken in the fecond place, or after meate,for though they be leffe hurtful] than other like fruits,yetare they corrupted and putrified,vnlefle they fpeedily defeend. G The barke of the roote is bitter, hot and drie, and hath a fcowring facultie; the dccodlion hereof doth open the doppings of the liner and fpleene,it purgeth the belly ,and driuetii foorth wormes. H The fame barke being deeped in vinegerhelpeth the toothach; of the fame effedt is alfo the de- codlion of the leaues and barke,faith Diofcoridcs , who fheweth that about harued time there iffueth out of the roote a iuice, which the next day after is found to be hard, and that the fame is very good againd the toothach ;that it wadeth away phyma, and purgeth the belly. I Galen faith, that there is in the leaues and fird buds of this tree a certaine middle facultie, both to biride and fcowre. Of the Sycamore tree . Chap.iz6. SjcomormCCht Sycamore tree. k The defeription. He Sycomore tree is of no fmall height, bd ing very like to the Mulberie tree in bignes andfhevv, it is alfo like vnto it in lcafe: the fruit thereof is as great as a Fig, and of the fame fafhion, very like in iuice Sc tade to the wild Fig, but Tweeter, and without any graines or feedes within, which groweth not foorth of the tender boughes, but out of the body and great old arms very fruitfully: this tree hath in it plenty of milkie juice,which lo foone as any part is broken or cut, doth ifiue foorth. kjheplace, It: groweth,as DzofcoriAes writeth, very plenti¬ fully in Caria and Rhodes, and in fundry places of Egypt,as at the great Cayre or Alkairc,andin places that do not bring foorth much wheate, in which it is an Iielpe, & fuffice th in deed of bread and come, when there is feat fide of vidhials. Ga* len writeth, that he faw a plant of the Sycomore tree like to the white Fig tree, fruit and all. k The time. It bringeth foorth fruit three or fower times in one yeerc,and ofuner ifir be draped with an iron knife 3 or other like indrument, k The names. This tree, is called ih Greekc of the Fig tree and the Mulberie tree :in Latine Syco- merits ; HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1527 worm: Cornelius Celfrn nameth it backward Morofycon: the Egyptians of our time do call it Ficus pharaonuptVhoLizo his Fig tree, as witneftetii Belloniu i: and it is likewife termed F/cus egyvtia, Aegypt Fig tree,and alfo t Moths L^egyptia or Aegyptian Mulberie tree. We cali it in Englifli Sy- comore tree after the Greekc and Latine,and alio Mulberie Fig tree, which is the right Sycomore tree,and not the great Maple,as we haue faid in the chapter of the Maple. The fruit is named in Greeke ovyJuio&v and in Italian Syr.omoro and j Vico d’Egitto. k The temp'rat tire andvert/tes. The fruit of the Sycomore tree hath no fharpnefle in it at all ,as Galen faith. It is fomewhat fweet A in tafte,and is of temperature moifte after a fort,and colde as be Muiberies. It is good,faith Diofcorides , for the belly; but it is *Te?<?o(, that is,without nourifhgient, and trou- B blefome to the ftomacke. There iftiiethfoorthofthebarke of this tree in the beginning of the fpringbefore the fruit ap- C pecreth,a liquor, which being taken vp with a fpunge,or a little wooil, is dried,made vp into fine cakes, and kept in gaily pots ; this mollifieth, cloleth woundes togither, and diflblueth grofte humors. Itisbothinwardlytakenandoutvvardlyappliedagainft thebitingsof ferpents, hardnesof the D milt or fpeene,and paine of the ftomacke proceeding of a cold car.fe: this liquor doth very quickly putrifie. ' * Of the Fig tree . Chap . 127 . Ficus. The Fig tree. , k The defer ipt ion. j r He Garden Fig tree bccoinmeth a tree of a | meanc feature, hauing many branches full of white pith within, like Elderne pith, and large lcaues of a darke greene colour, diuided into fundrie feefious or diuifions. The fruit corn- meth out of the branches without any flower ac all that euer I could percciue, which finite is in fhape like vntoPeares, of colour either whitifh, or fomewhat red , or of a deepe blewe, full of fmall graines within, of a fweete and plcafant tafte; which being broken before it be ripe, doth ycelde moft white milke, like vnro the kindesof Spurge, and the leaucs alfo being broken, doe y:eld the like liquor; but when the figs be ripe, the iuice thereofis like home. The dwarrfeFig tree islikevntothe former in leaucs and finite, but it neuer groweth ab uethe height of a man, and hath many imallfhootes commingfrom the rootes, whereby it greatly increafeth. There is alfo another wilde kinde, whofe fruit is neuer ripe; Theophraftm nanieth it \tlV ijf, Flinie Capri ficus. k The place. The Fig trees do growe plentifully inSpaine ■ andltalie, and many other countries, as in Erg' land;’where they beare finite, but it neuer com- merh to kindly maturitie, except the tree bee planted vndcr an hot wall/whercto neither north nor northeaft windes can come. k The time. The dwarffe Fig tree groweth in my garden, and bringeth foorth ripe and very great fruit in the moneth 1328 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE moncth of Auguft,ofwhich Figs fundrie perfons hauc eaten at pleafure. In England the Fig trees put not foorth their leaues vntill the end of May 3 where oftentimes the fruit commeth foorth before the ieaues appeere. iiThe Karnes. The Fig tree is called in Greeke and of diuers for difference fake between it & the wilde Fig tree,am) »: in Latine Ficus, and Ficus fatiua, and Vrbana * inhigh Dutch jf ngCttb&UtTBin low Dutch GttjgljdJOQnU in French Figuter: in Italian Fico i in Spanifh Higuera: in Englifh Fig tree. The fruit is named in Greek dm :in Latine Ficus, and the vnripe fruit omivQos .-in Latin Groff us: that which is dried is called in Greeke : in Latine Car tea: in high Dutch jf£P0iClU in low Dutch &t?r$£tU in French Figucs: in Italian Fichi: in Spanifh Higos: in Englifh Fig: the little leedes which are found in them,are named by Galenuxe?^Cechramides . V 7 he temperature. The grecne Figs new gathered are fbmewhat warme andmoift .* the dry and ripe Figs are hot al- moft in the third degree,and withal! fharpe and biting. The leaues hauealfb fome fharpnes, with an opening power, but not fo ftrong as the iuice. ie 7 he vertices. A The dry Figs do nourifh better than the greene or new Figs;notwithftanding they ingender not very go odblood, for fuch people as do feede much the* eon, do become lowfie,and full of verminc. B Figs be good forthethrote and lungs, they mitigate the cough, and are good for them that be fhort winded;they ripen flcgmc,caufingthe fame to beeafily (pet out,e(pecially when they be fod- den with HyfIope,and the decodion drunke. C Figs ftamped with fait, Rew, and the kernels of nuts, withftandall poifon and corruption of the aire. The king of Pontus called Mithndates vied this preferuatiue againft all venorne and poifon. D Figs ftamped and made into the forme of a plaifter with wheat meale,the powder of Fenugreek, and Linefeed,and the rootes ofmarfh Maliowes,applied watme, doth (often & ripen impoftumes, phlegmons,all hot and angry fwellings, and tumors behinde the eares; and ifyou adde thereto the rootes of Lillies,it ripeneth and breaketh Venereous impoftumes that come in the fianke, which impoftume is called Bubo, by realon of his lurking in fuch fecret places, in plaine Englifh tearmes, they are called botches. Ji Figs boiled in Wormewood wine with fbme Barly mcale, are very good to be applied as an im- plaifter vpon the bellies of fuch as haue the dropfie. F Drie Figs haue power to (often, confume and make thinne, and may be vfed both outwardly and inwardly, whether it be to ripen and (often import nines, or tofcatter,di(Tolueandconfumc them. G The leaues of the Fig tree do wade and confu me thekings euiI,or fwellingkernels in the throte, and do mollifie, wafte, and confume all other tumours, being finely pouned and laid thereon ; but after my pra<fti(e, being boiled with the rootes of marfh Maliowes vntill they be foft, and fo incor-* porate togither,and applied in forme of a plaifter. H The milkie iuice either ofthe Figs or leaues, is good againft all roughnes ofthe skinne, leprics, fpreadingfores,tetters,(inallpockes,meafels,pufhes,wheales,freckles, lentils, and all other ipots, fcuruines,and deformitie of the body and face, being mixed wich Barly mcale and applied: it doth alfo take awaie wartes, and fuch like excrefcences, if it be mingled with fome fattic orgreafie thing. I The milke doth aho cure the toothach,ifa little lint or cotton be wet therein, and put into the hollownes of the tooth. K It openeth thevainesofthehemorrhoides, andloofeneth the bellie, being applied vntothe fundament. ( L Figs ftamped with the powder of Fenugreeke, and vineger, and applied plaifterwile , doth eafe the intollcrable paine of die hot gout,efpecial!y the gout ofthe feete. M The milke thereof put into the wound proceeding of the biting of amaddogge,orany other venemousbeaft, preferucth the parts adioining, taketh awaie the paine prefently, and cureth the hurt. H The greene and ripe Figs,are good for thofe that be troubled with the done of the kidneies, for HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1329 they flaken the paflages,make the conduits flipperie,and open them,and do alfo fomewhat clenfc : whereupon after thd:ating of the fame, it hapneth that much grauell and find is conueied foorth. Drie or barrell Figs,calledin Latine Caries are a remedie for ihc bclly 3 thc cough,and for old in- O firmities of the cheft and Jungs - 3 they fcourc the Jddneies 3 and clenfc foorth the fandjthey mitigate the paihe of the bladder,and caufe women with childe to banc the eafierdcliucrance, if they/cede thereof for certains daiestogither before the time of deliuerance. Diofcorides faith 3 that the white liquor of the Fig tree, andiuiccoftheleaues, doth curdle milke P as the rennet doth, and diflolucth the milke that rs cluttered in the ftomacke, as doth vineger. It bringeth downe the menfes ifit be applied with the yolke of an egge,or with yellow vvaxe. Q- Of the pricklyfndian Fig tree . fhap. 128 . I Ficm Indies. The Indian Fig tree. FruCtut. I he fruit. -V- ihe defeription. 1 *~i~ < Hisftrangc and admirable plant call ed F/cm Indies, feemeth to be no other thing then a I multiplication of leaue.s, that is a a tree made ofleaues, without body or boughes :for the leafefetin thegroundc doth in fhortfpace take rootc, and bringeth ourorit-feife other Ieaues,from which do grow others one after another, till ftich time as they come to the height of a -greene colour, fet full of long , (lender, fharpe, and whitifh prickles : on the top s o* <vHku icq'.;c<s come forth long dowers,not vniike r-o thofe o r ‘~ lrk ~ .. ' w come forth long dowers,not vniike r-o tnofe o r til: man ured Pomegra > ate tree, or r,ache r;e"h i » r- tiell of Peru, of a yellow colour: after whichcofn. detli the fruit,’ :kc vac o the common f ny 1 *^ o ov Of iC *V, s*36 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE below jand bigger aboue,of a grecne colour, fluffed full of a red pulpe and iuice,ftaining the hands of them that touch it,as do the Mulbcrics, with a bloudyor fanguinc colour : the top of which Figs arc inuironed with certaine fcaly leaucs like a crowne,wherein are alfo conteined fmall grains that arc the fecds,thc which being fo'wcn,do bring foorth plants,round bodied,like vnto the trunke of other trees , with leaues placed thereon like the other, which being fet in the ground bring foorth trees of leaues, as wc haue fnewed. ie The place. This plant groweth in all the trad of the eaft and weft Indies, and alfo in the countrey Norem- bega ,now called Virginia/rom whence it hath beene brought into Italy, Spainc, England, and other coontries: in Italy it fbmetimes beareth fruite 3 but more often in Spaine, and neuer as yet in England 5 although I haue bellowed great paines and coll in keeping it from the iniune of our cold climate. It groweth alio at Saint Crux and other places of Barbarie, & alfo in an Hand of the Mediterra¬ nean fea called Zantc, about a day & nights failing with a meanewinde from Petrafle a port town inMorea, where my feruant William M ■ rfhall be fore remembred, did lee not onely great llorc of thofe trees made oflcaues,bur alfo diuers other rounde bodied plants,of a woody fubftancej from whence he brought me diuers plants thereof in tubs of earth,vcry freih and grecne for my garden, where they flourifhed at the impreffion hcerof. ft ihetime. Thefcplants do grow greene and frefh both winter and fommer, by the relation of my forefaide femantjnotwithftanding they muft be very carefully kept in thefe countries from the extremitic of winter. ft The names. This is thought to be the plant called of Tlsme Opuntia, of which he hath written in his 21, booke 1 ^.chapter in this matter jabout Opuns is the herbe Opuntia,to mans tafte fweete,and it is to be maruellcd that the roote fttould be made of the ieafe,and that it fhould fo grow. Opuns is a city neere vntoPhocisin Greece 3 asPaufaMtas,Strabo,znd Pl/n/eteftific : but it is commonly called in Latine Ficus Indie a, • of the Indians Time, and Tunas, and alfo ^etnap dim, as teftifieth Hellonim : in Englifh Indian Fig tree. 1 here is a certaine other deferibed for the Indian Fig tree by 7 heophraftus, in his fourth booke, which Pliny in his i2.booke 5, chapter,doth eloquently exprefle almoft in the fame words, but tur¬ ned into Latine, whereof we intend to (peake in the next Chapter. *k The temperature andvertues. We haue no certaine inftru&ion from the ancients of the temperature or facultie of this plant, or of the fruit thereof: neither haue we any thing whereof to write of our owne knowledge, more then that we haue heard reported by fuch as haue eaten liberally of thefruitc heerof,that it hath changed their vrine to the colour of blond, who at the fight thereof haue ftoodc in great doubt of iheir life, thinking it had beene bloud/ whereas it prooued afterward by experience, to be nothing die but thctin&ure or colour the vrine had taken from the iuice of the fruit, and that without all burtorgriefeatall. • It is reported offome that the iuice of the leaues is excellent good againft vlcers of long conti¬ nuance. Of the arched Indian Fig tree . Chap . 125 ? , ft The defeription. T His rare and admirable tree is very great, flraight, & couered with a yellowifh barke tending to tawnie : the boughes and branches are many, very long, tough, andflexible, growing very long in Abort fpace,as do the twigs of Ozsars,and thofc fo long and weake, that the ends thereof hang dovvne and touch the ground, where they take roote and grow in fuch fort that thofc twigs become great trees; and thefe being growen vp to the like greatnes, docaft their branches and twiggie tcndrels vnto the earrh,where they likewife take hold and roote; by meanes whereof, It commcth to paffe that of one free is made a great wood.or defart of trees, which the Indians do vfe for couerture againft the extreme heate of rhefunne, wherewith they are grecuoufly vexed: tome likewife vfe them for pleafure,cutting dovv ne by a dircd line a long walke,or as it were a vault, through HISTORIC OF PLANTS. 1331 through the thickeft part, from which alfo they cut certaine Ioope holes orwindowes in fome places jto the end to receiuc thereby the frefh coole airc that entereth therat; as alfo for light, that they may fee their cattle thatfccdeth thereby, to auoid any danger that might happen vnto them, either by the enimie or wilde beafts: from which vault or dole walke, doth rebound fuch an admi¬ rable eccho,or anfvering voice(if one of them fpeake vnto another with a lowde voice)thatitdoth refound or anfwcr againe fower or fine times,according to the height of the voice,to which it doth anfwere, and that loplanly, that it cannot be knowne from the voice it felfc: the firft or mother of this wood or defart of trees, is-hard to be knowne from the children, but by the greatnes of the bo- die,which three men can fcarfely fathom about: vpon the braunches whereof growe leaues, hard and wrinckled, in fhape like thofe of the Quince, tree, greene aboue, and of a whitifh horic colour vnderneath,whereupon the Elephants delight to feed: among which leaues come foorth the fruit, of the bignes of a mans thombe, in fhape like a final! Fig,but of a fanguine or bloudie colour,and of a fweete tafte,but not fo pleafant as the Figs of Spainernotwithflanding they are good to be eaten. and withall very holcfome. K^irbor God,fine Indie a* 0 The arched Indian Fig tree. tfr The place. \ Thiswonderous tree groweth in diuers places of the eaft Indies,efpecially neere vnto Goa, and alfo in Maiaca,it is a ftranger in the moftparts of the world. ie 7 he time. This tree keepeth his leaues greene winter and fommer. it The names. This tree is called of thofe that haue trauelied Ficus Indica, the Indian Fig,and Arbor Go a,of the place where it groweth ingreateft plentie: wee may call it in Englifh the arched Fig tree. •fr 7 he temperature and vertues . We haue nothing to write of the temperature or vertues of this tree, of our owne knowledge: neither haue we receiued from others,more then that the fruit heereof is generally eaten, and that without any hurt at all, but rather good and alfo nourifhing. Of<zAdams Apple tree . Chap. 130 . •fyThe defeription. I \ T Hether this plant may be reckoned for a tree properly,or for an herbie tree,it is difpiih Y/ V/ table, confidering the fofc and herbie fubftance whereof it is made , (that is to faie) when it hath attained to the height of fixe or fcauen cubits, and of the bignefTe of a mans thigh; notwithftanding it may be cut downe at 0 ie ftroke with a fvvord 5 or two or three cuts with T ^2 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE with aknifc,euen with as much cafe as the roote of a Radilhor Carrot of the like bignes: from a thicke, far, threadie roote, rife immediately diners great leaues, of the length of three cubits and a halfc, fometimes more,according to the ioile where it groweth, and of a cubite and more broad, of bignes fufiicient to wrap a childe in of two yeeresold, in fhape like thofe of Mandrake, ofan oner vvorne greene colour,hailing a broad rib or finewe running through the middle thereof: which IcaueSjwhcther by reafon of the extremohot fcorching funne, or of their ownc nature, in Septem¬ ber are fo dry and withered that there is nothing therof left or to be feene,butone!y the middle rib. From the middle ofthefe leaues nfethvp a thick trunke, whereon do grow the like Ieaues,which the people do cut off,as alfo thofe next the ground,by which meanes it rifeth vp to the height of a tree,vvhich otherwife would remaine a lowe and bafe plant: this manner of cutting they vfe from time to time, vntill it come to a certaine height, aboue the reach of the Elephant, which greedily ieeketh after the fruit. In the midft of the top among the leaues commeth foorth a foft and fungus ftumpe, whereon do grow diuers apples in forme like a ffnall Cucumber, and of the fame big¬ nes couered with a thin rinde like that of the Fig, of a yellow colour when they be ripe : the pulpe or fubftance of the rneatc, is like that ofthePompion, without eitherfeedes , Rones, or kernels, in taftc not greatly perceiued at the firft ,but prefently after it pleafeth, and intifeth a man to eate libe¬ rally thereof,bv a fecret intifing fweetnes which it yceldeth : in which fruit if it be cut according to the length, faith mine author,oblique, tranfuers, or any other way whatfoeuer, maybefeene the fhape and forme of a crofle, with a man faftned thereto: my felfe hauc feene the Fruit, and cut it in peeces which was brought me from Alepo in pickle; the crofle I might perceitie,as the forme ofa Spread^glein the roote of Feme, but the man I leaueto be fought for by thofe that haue better cies and iudgement then my felfe. I CMujd Serapionli. Adams Apple tree. MufkjrHEiui. Adams Apple. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1333 it The place. This admirable tree groweth in Aegypt, Cyprus and Syria, neere vnto a chicfe citie there called Alep,which we call Alepo, and alfoby Tripolis not far from thence : it groweth alfo in Canara 3 Decan,Guzarate,and Bengala,places of the Eaft Indies. it The time. From the roote of this treefhooteth foorthyoong (brings or fliootes, which the people take vp and plant for increafe in the fpring oftheyeere: the leaues wither away in September, as is aboue faide. it The times. It is called CMufa by filch as trauell to Alepo: by the Arabians Mu fa Maim : in Syria Mofe : the Grecians and Chriftians which inhabit Syria, and the Iewes alfo fuppofc it to be that tree,of whole fruit Adam did tafte, which others thinke to be a ridiculous fable: of Plinie Opuntia. It is called in the Eaft Indies (as at Malauar where it alfo groweth) Palan : in Malayo Pican, and in thatpart of Africa which we call Ginny ^Banana*: in Englifh Adams Apple tree. it The temperature. Diofcorides and Serapio iudge,that ithcateth in the end of the firft degree, and moyfleneth in the end of the fame. it The vertues. The fruit hcreofyeeldeth but little nourifhment, itisgoodfortheheateofthebreaft, lungs and A bladder; itfloppcththeliuer,andhurteththcftomacke,if too much of it be eaten, andprocureth bofenefie in the belly: whereupon it is requifite for fuch as are of a cold conftitution,in the eating thereofput vnto it a little Ginger,or other fpice. Itisalfogoodforthereines,kidneies, and toprouoke vrine; itnourifheth thechildeinthemo- B thers wombe,and ftirreth to generation. • 0/tbeT)ate tree . Qbap.iy. T Palma. Palma rum frit Id us&flores cum Elate. The Date tree. The fruit and flowers of the Date tree. Rrrrx THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE >354 ft The deferif,tion. i ^"ip He Date tree gro weth very great and high: the body or trunke thereof is thicker, andcoue- | red with a fcalie rugged barke: the boughes grow oncly on rhe top,confiding of leaues fet vpon a woodie middle rib like thofe of Reedes or flags ; the inner part of which rib or dalke is foft, light, hollow and fpoongie; among theleauescome foorth the flowers included in a long skinnie membrane, as it were a fheath or hofe, like that which couereth the Flowerdeluce before it be blowen,which being opened of it fclfe, white flowers ftart foorth, (landing vpon fhort and (len¬ der footdalks, which are fattened with certaine fmall filaments or threadie firings like vnto little branches: afterwhich fpring out from the fame branches the fruit or Dates, which be in fadiion long and round,in tafte iweete,and many times fomewhat harfli, of a yellowifh red colourjwhefein is contained a long hard done, which is in deed of kernell and (cede, the which 1 haue planted di¬ ners times in my garden,and haue growen to the height of three footer but thefirft frodhath nip¬ ped them in fuch fort,that prefently they perifhed,notwithftanding my indudry by couering them, or what elfe I could do for their fuccour. ic The place. The Da$e trees growe plentifully in Africke and Aegypt, but thofe which are in Paledina and Syria be the bed: they gr owe 1 ikewife in mod places of the Ead and Wed Indies, where there be diuers fortes thereof,as well wilde as tame,or manured. ic 7he time. The Date tree is alwaies greene, and flowreth in the fpring time: the fruit is ripe in September, and being then gathered they are dried inthefunne, that they may be the better both tranfported into other countries far didant,as alfopreferued from rotting at home. ic The flames. The tree is called in Grcekepow£ :in La tine Palma, ; in EnglifhDate tree. The fruit is named in Greek pom^, that is to hy^Glans Palm arum, or the Acorneof the Date trees, andbyoneworde votviKoPaAclm in Latine Palmula : infhops DaSlylus : in high Dutch IDflttC’TiU in lowe Dutch in Italian Dattoli: in French Duties : inSpanifh 7 awards and D at tiles: in Englifh Date. The cod or fheath wherein the flowers and Dates are wrapped, are called lUm, and of fome ic 7 he temperature and vertues. All manner of Dates whatfoeuer be hard of dsgedion, and caufe headach : the woorfer fort be thofe that bedrieand binding, as Aegypt Dates; but the foft, moyd, and fweete ones arelefie hurtfull. B Theblood which is ingendred of Dates in mans body, is altogithergrofleand fomewhat clam* mie: by thefe the liner is very quickly dopped,efpecially being inflamed or troubled with fome hard (welling; fo is the fpleenc hkewile. Q The Dates which growe in colder regions, when they cannot come to perfect ripenefle, if they be eaten too plentifully, do alfo fill the bodie full of rawc humors, ingender winde, andoften- times thelcprofie. D The drier (ortof DLtes, as Dio/corides faith, be good for thofe that (pet blood, for fuch as haue bad flomacks,and for thofe alfo that be troubled with the bloodie flixe, E The bed Dates, called in Latine Caryotoe, are good for the roughnette of the throte and lungs. F There is made hecrof both by the cunning Confectioners and Cookes,diners excellent cordial,, comfortable, and nourifhing medicines,and that procure lud of rhe bodie very mightily. G They do alfo refrefh and redore fuch vnto drength as are entring into a confumption, for they drengthen the feebleneffeof the liuer and fpleene being made into conuenient brothes, and phifi- call medicines mixed therewith by the learned phificion. El Drie Dates doe dop the belly, and day the vomiting and the wambling of womens domackj that are with childe,if they be either eaten in meates or otheivvife,or damped and applied vnto the ftomacl<e,as a pcCtorall plaider. I The allies of the Date dones haue a binding qualitie, andanemplaidicke or dawbingfacultie; it i lease th pufhes in the eies, Staphylomata and falling away of the bake of the eie lids 9 cumnardo, with wine it keepeth proud flefn from growing in wounds. ’ ' The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. i$ 35 The boughes 2nd leaues do euidendy binde, but cfpecially the hofe, that is to fay, the fheath or K cafe of the flowers; and therefore it is good to vfethele fooftas there is ncedeof binding. The leaues and branches of the Date tree do heale greenc wounds and vlcers, refrefh and cook L hot inflammations. There is a compofition in Galen his bookes of medicines according to the kindes ,called Diapal- M j»4,whichistobeflirred withaboughof the Date tree, in ftcadof a Tpatureorathingto ftirwith, for no other caufe than that it may receiue thereby fome kinde of aflridiion or binding force. Of the vpildcT)dte trees. Chap Aft. I Palmitcafue Charmcrriphes. 2 Palmap'tmttfme? alma conifer a. The little wilde Date tree. The wildeDate tree bearingcones. "klhc defeription. 1 *" 7 * Htcphra(heim2LVtt\\ this plant to be a kinde [of Date tree, butlowe and offinall growth, I feldome attaining aboue the height of an hedge tree: on the top whereof fhoote foorth (for the mod: parr) long leaues like thofc of the Date tree, but letter and fhorter; from the fides whereof breaketh foorth a biifh of threadie firings; among which rife vp.finaJl bran¬ ches garnifhed with cluflers of white flowers, in which before they be opened are to be fecne vnpcrfc&fhapes of leaues,clofelyco!npafled about with an innumerable fort of thin skinniehuls, which rude fhapes with the flowers, areferued vpancj eaten at the fcconde courfe among other iunkcts,with a little fait and pepper,being pleafant to tnc tafle, 2 The wilde Date tree that bringeth foorth cones, or key clogs, is of mofl trauellers into the Indies, thought to be barren of Dates,except fometimes it yeeideth foorth fome final! berries like ’Rrrr 2 * vnto 1 the third booke of the hw. Me and nothing woorth. This tree groweth to the height and bignefle of a lowe 9 - - rt'ipkc cr body whereof is foft, of a fungous or pithie fubftance, vnfit for building, as is i — D ite tree : the branch itfelfe was brought vnto vs from the Indies drie, and voyde of ic'3.U'- r wherefore we muft delcribe-the leaucs by report of the bringer. The branches.(laith my author) re couered oner with long fl aggie leaues, hanging downe of a great length, like thofe of ih e D e tree : the branches are alfo couered with a fcalie or fcabbed barke, very rough, one fcale ci pf; te lying ouer another, as tiles vponahoufe: the fruite grow'eth at the endesof the branches, not vnlike a great Pine Apple cone, couered ouer with a skin like the Indian Nut; wherein is con¬ tained a fhell, within which fhell lieth hid an Acorne or long kernel!, of an inch long and fome- E’ -nes longer, very hard to be broken, in tafte like the Cheflnut 5 which the fauage people do grate and ft amp e to powder to make them bread. 'Je The place. The firft groweth, as Theophrartustefcfeth , in Candle, butmuch more plentifully in Cilicia, and are nowe founde in certaine places of Italic by the lea fide, and alfo in diuers partes of • other hath beene found by trauellers into the weft Indies, from whence haue been brought the naked branches with the fruit. •fc The time. The time anfwereth that of the manured Date tree. The names. The little Date tree,or wilde Date tree is named of 7 heophraftu&wt^WW'- in Naples Cephaglio- re: in Latine commonly palmitcs. That which is found in the middeft of the yoong fprings, and is vfed to be eaten in bankets, is called in Greeke rn< Qoiyim: in Latine Palma cerebrum , the brains of the Date tree. ic T he temperature and vert ties. A <?^/<?#fuppofeth,thatthebraineof the Date tree conftfteth of fundry partes, that is to fay, of a certaine waterie and watme fubftance, and of an earthie and colde 5 therefore it is moyft and colde with a certaine aftri&ion or binding qualitie. B Being taken as a meate it ingendrethrawc humors and winde, and therefore it is good to be ca« ten with pepper and lak. Of the drunken T)ate tree. Chap a j j. it The description. T He drunken Date tree which Caroluc clufim calleth Faufel, is an Indian tree of a great big= ncs, the timber wherof is very loft & fpoongious, exceeding fmooth and plaine vntoa great height, not poftiblc to be climed vp; and therefore the Indians for their eafier afeending vp, at fome aiftances doe tie round about the tree certaine withes or ropes made of the barkesof trees, as may be perceiued by the figure, whereby very eafily they go vp and downe to gather the fruite at their pleafure. The top of the tree is diuided into fundrie branches,'in fubftance like vnto the great Cane; whereupon doegrowe faire Haggle leaues like thole of the Palme or Date tree, whereof doubtlefle this is a wilde kinde : from thebottomeof which branches commeth foorth fruit in long bunches like traces of Onions, couered with a foft pulpe like vnto the Wall nut,rough and very full of haire of a yellowifh colour,and like the dried Date when it is ripe: with* in which huske.is contained fruit like vnto the Nutmeg, but greater, very hard, andftripedouer with red and white veincs or finewes. Spaine T(ie dreca, HISTORIE OF PLANTS. !337 ^Arecu, fine Fattfel. The drunken Date tree. T heplacepimeandnames. This Date tree which the Arab : ans califs /e/, that is by interpretation o duelUnalndtca, the Indian Nut or Filberd: ^Auicen and SeraptoczW it Filfelznd Fufet. Itgroweth in the Eaft Indies in diners and fundrie places, as in Malauar, where vulgarly it is called Pac , and of the nobles and gentlemen ^Areca, which name is vied amongft the Portingales which dwell in thofe Indies ;in Guzarate andDecan it is called Cupare, in Zeilan Poarz'. in Malaca Pinan: in Codimchaeanr. In Englifh the drunken Date tree, which name we hauecoyned from his qualitie, bicaufc thefruite doth make thofe drunke that cate thereof', ft The temperature. It is cold and drie in the fecond degree. •klhe vertues. Thefruitof Areca before it be ripe, is recko- A ned amongft the ftupefa&iueor aftonifhing me¬ dicines 5 for whofoeuer eateth thereof waxeth drunke, bicaufe it doth exceedingly amaze and aftonifh the fenfes. When the Indians ate vexed with fome into- B lerablc ache or paine, or mu ft of neceflitic endure fome great torment or torture, then do they take of this fruite, whereby the rigor of that paine ( which otherwife they fhould teele)is very much mitigated. The iuice of the fruit o tAreca doth ftrengthen the gums,faften the teeth,comfort the ftomacke, C ftay vomiting, and loofenefie of the belly; it doth alio purge the bodie from congealed or clotted blood gathered within the fame. k Of.thefndian Pfut tree. Cbap.\ 34 .. T he definition. I *-T“' He Grecians hauenotknowen, nor the Arabians once remembred this Indian Nut tree; the bodie whereof is very great, fmoothandplaine, voideof boughes or branches, of a great height, wherefore the Indians do wrap ropes about the body thereof, as they do vp- on the tree laftdeferibed, for their more eafe in gathering the fruite; the timber whereof is very fpungie within,but hard withour,a matter very fit to make their Cannoos and boates of: on the top of the tree growe the leaues like thofe of the Date tree, but broader, and fharpe at the point as thornes,whereof they vfe to make needles,bodkins,and fuch like inftruments,wherewith they fowe the fades of their fhips,and do fuch like buftnes: among thefe leaues come foorthclufters of flow¬ ers like thofe of the Chcftnut tree, which turne into great fruit of a round forme, andfomewhae fharpe at one end; in that end next vnto the tree is one hole, fometimes two, bored through: this nut or fruit is wrapped in a couerture, conftftingof a fubftanccnot vnlike vnto Hempc before it be beaten foft; there is alfo a finer and more gentler ftuffe next vnto the fhe!,like vnto Flaxe bef me it be made foft: in the middle whereof is contained a great hjut couercd with a very hard (hell, of a browne colour before it bepohihed, afterwardofablacke fhining colour like burnifhed home; Rrrr 3 next 1338 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE next vnto the fhellvponthe infide there cleaueth a white cornellie fubftancc firme and fblide, of the colour and tafte of a blanched Almond 5 within the cauitie or hollownes thereof, is contained a mo ft deleft able liquor like vnto roilke,and of a moft pleafant tafte. l Ifuxlndica arbor. 2 2fux Indica. The Indian Nut tree. The Indian Nut. 3 Nueul\Indica. The tittle Indian Nut, ielht defer iftion. 5 We haue no certaine knowledge from thofe that haue trauelled into the Indies, of the tree which beareth this little Indian Nut ^neither haue we any thing of our owne knowledge, more than thatwefee by experience, thatthe fruithereof is lefler,wherein confifteth the difference. The flace. This Indian Nut groweth in all the Ilandesof the Weft Indies, efpecially in Hifpaniola, Cuba, and S.Iohns Hand, and alfo vpon the continent by Carthagena,NombredeDios, and Panama, and in Virginia otherwife called Norembega part of the fame continent, for the moft part neerevnto the fea fide,and in moyft places; feldome found in the vplandifh countries. # The time. It groweth greene winter and fommer. The names. The fruit is called in hat'mc indica of the Indians Cocus: of the Portingales that dwell in the Eaft Indies Cocco, taken from the end wherein are three holes, reprefenring rhe head of a mun- kic: Seraph and Rhafis do call the tree Iaralnare-id eB, ^Arborem 2{uciferam did, that is to fay,a tree bearing HIST OR IE OF PLANTS. i 3?5 > bearing Nuts: of Auicen Initcia LirnU: of tire vidgare people Ma.ro and the fruit 3 fjirel\ which name Tljirel is common amongit the Peiftans and Arabians: it is called in Malauar Tengam&ran 5 the ripe Fruit T <^4, and the greene fruite Elen: in Goa it is called Lunhan: in Mateio 5 rtcun , and the nut Nihor. The diltilied liquor is called SuU . } and the oyle that is made thereof Copra.- • v' The tewperature. It is ofameane temperature betweene hot and colde. "ft The vertues andv r c. The Indians do vie to cut the twigs and tender branches toward the euening, ar the ends where - ^ of they hang bottle goiirds , hollow canes , andfuch hke things, fit to receiuethe water thaedrop- peth from the branches thereof, which olealant liquor theydnnke in fteede of wine ; from the which is drawen aftrong and comfortable Aqua vita:, which they v ! e in time of neceflitie again ft all manner of ficknefles; of the branches and boughes they make their houses; of the trunkcor body of the tree fhips and boates; of thehempc on the outward part of thefruir, they make ropes and eablcs,and of the finer ftuffe fades for their imps. Likewife they make of the fhell of the Nut, cups to drinke in, which we likewife vfe in England, g garnifhed with fiiiier for the famepurpofes. Thekernell feruech them for bread and meatejtha milkieiuiccdothferue*tocoole andrefrefn their fainting fpirits: out of thekernell when it is ftam- ped,is prefled a moft pretiousoyie, not onely good for mcate, bucalfo formedicine, wherewith they annoint their feeble Iims after their tedious trauell, by meancs whereof the ache and paincis micigatedjand other infirmities quite taken away proceeding ofothercaufcs. Of the Dragon tree . Chap. 135 . I Draco arhor. The Dragon tree. D raconii fiuBus. The Dragon tree fruit. Rrrr 4 k The i$ 4 ck THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE i '"-jpHis ftrange and admirable tree groweth very great , refcmbling thePine tree, by reafon it | doth alwaies flourifh,and hath his boughes or branches of equal! length and bignes,which are bare or naked,of eight or nine cubits long,and of the bignefie of a mans armc: from the ends of which do fhoote out leaues ofa cubite and a halfe long,and ful two inches broad,fomwha* thicke,and raifed vp in the middle,then thinner and thinner like a two edged fword: among which comefootth little tnofiie flowers, oifmall moment,which turnc into berries,of the bignes of Cher¬ ries, o f ayellowiill colour, round, light,and brtter,couered with a threefolde skinorfi!me,wherein is tobefeene,as Monnrdw and diners otherreport,the forme ofa dragon, hailing along necke,or gaping-memth; the ridge or backe armed with fharpe prickles, like the Porpentine; ithath alfb a iong,taile,& fower feegvery eafie to be difeernedithe figure of ir we haue fet foorch vnto you accor¬ dingly the greatn.es.tbereof.bicaufe our words and meaning may be the better vnderftood,and al- fo the leafe of the tree in his full bignefle, bicaufe it is impoftible to be exprefted in the figure: the trunFeyfcbody ofthetfcee is couered with a rough barke,very thin,and eafie to be opened or woun¬ ded wichany ImalltooJte or inftrument; which being fo wounded in the Dogge daies, brufed or borcd,dQth yeeld foorth drops of a thicke red liquor,which of the name of the tree are called Dra¬ gons teares, or Sanguis Draconic , Dragons bloud : diners haue doubted whether the liquor or gum- mifiiuke wereallone with cinabm* ( not meaning that made of quicke filuer)but the re¬ ceded opinion is,they differ not, by reafon rheir qualirie and temperature worke the like efred. ft Theplace. This tree groweth in an Hand which the Portingales call Madera. and in one of the Carnaric Hands, called Injitla PortmSancii'. andasitfeemethit was firft brought out of Affrikc, although fbmc are ofa contrane opinion,and fay,thatit was firft brought from Carthagena,in Nona or be,by the bifhop of the fame prouince. ft 7hetime. The time of his growing we haue touched in thedefcription,where we faid that it flourifheth and groweth greene all che yeere. ft The names. The names hauebeene fufficiently fpoken of in the defer iption and in their feuerall titles. ft 7 he temperature andvertues. Of the Dragon tree or of the finite thereof, there hath not beene any ccrtaintie affirmed by any of authoride, therefore we haue forborne to write affirmatiuely ofa thing fo difficile, referring the reft to a fecond edition,or a further confideration. Of the SajJafrasjr Ague tree . Cbap.1^6. Q The defer iption. T He Saflafras tree groweth very great, much like vnto the Pine tree: the trunke or body is lfraight, frnooth,and voide of boughes, of a great height: it is couered with a two fold grofie rinde, the vppermoft of the colourof allies, that next the wood of arawnie colounonthe top come foorth many goodly branches, like thofe of the Palme tree, whereon do growe greene leaues,fomewhat like thofe of the Fig tree, of a fwcete fmell when they be greene, but much fivee- ter when thev be drie,declining to rhe fmell of Fenell,with much fweetnes in tafte:they are greene vvinter and fommer,neither bearing finite nor flowers,but is altogither barren as it is Paid: the roots are grofie,con form able to the greatnes of the tree,of a tawnie colour, difperfing themfelues farre abroade vnder the vpper cruft of the earth, by meanes whereof they are often caft downe with meane blaftes of winde. i Sajfajrd* historie of plants. 1341 SaJJafrM'. The SafTafras tree. The place. This tree groweth in the mod parts of the weft Indies,efpecially about the cape of Floridaie Win- gaudicoj and Virginia, otherwife named Norem- bega. ft The time. It flourifheth and keepeth greene winter and Torn- mer. ft 7 he names. The Spaniards and French men haue named this tree, SaffafrM • the Indians in their toong Pauane: for want of anEnglifh name wc are contented to call it the Ague tree, of his vertuein healing the Ague. ft The temperature. Theboughes and branches heereof a re hot and dry in thefecond degreejthe rinde is hotter,for that it entreth into the third degree of heate and drines, as is manifeftly perceiued in the decodion. ft The vertues. Thebeft ofall the tree is the roote,and that wor- A keth the beft effed, the which hath the rinde clea¬ ning very faft to the inner part,and isofcolour taw- nie,and much more fweete offmell then all the tree and his branches. The rinde tafteth of a more fweete ftnell then the B tree*, and the water being fodden with the rootcis ofgreater and better effeds then any other part of thetree, andisof amore fweetefmell, and there¬ fore the Spaniards vfe it,for that it workerh better and greater effeds. It is a tree that groweth neere^nto the fea, and in temperate places that haue not much drouth, C nor moifture: there be mounraines growing full of them, and they call: foorth a moft fweete hr.eli, fo that at the beginning when they law them firft, they thought they had beene trees of Cinamon, and in part they w>ere not deceiued.-for that the rinde of this tree hath as fw^ecte a ftnell as Cinamon hath,and doth imitate it in colour and fharpnes of tafte, andpleafantnes of fmell: and fo the water that is made ofit is of a moft fwcet fmel and tafte,as the Cinnamon is;&procureth the fame works and effeds as Cinnamon doth. The wood heerofeut into fmallpeeces and boiled in water, to the colourof Claret wine', and D drunkeforcertaine daies togitber,helpeth the dropfie,remoouethoppilation or flopping of the li - uer,cureth quotidian and tertian agues,and long feuers. Therooteof SafTafras hath power to comfort the liner, andtodifTo!ueoppi!ations,tocomfr the weake and feeble ftomacke, to caufe a good appetite, to confume vvindines, the chiefefl c. ofcruditicand indigeftion,flay vomiting,and make fweete a {linking breath. Itprouoketh vrine, remoouechthe impediments that do caufe barrennes, andmaketh women p aptto coriceaue. Of the Storax tree . Qhap. 137 . ft The Aefcription. He Storax tree groweth to the height and bignes of the Quince tree : the trunkeorbodie is coueredwitha barkeor rinde, likevntothe Birch tree: the branches are fmall and limmer, wheron do grow leaues like thole of the Qumce tree, greenifh aboue, and whiter vnderneath; among 1 < i H * THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE among which come foorth white flowers,like thofe of the Orange tree,ofan vnpleafant finell: af¬ ter commeth thefruite or berries,(landing vpon long and (lender fooreftalks, eouercd oner with a little woollincsjof the bignes of the bladder nut,and of the fame colours wherein is con teincdfmall fcede,whereunro alfo cleaue certaine gummie tcares,bearing the name of the tree, which ifluc from the crurcke or body when it is wounded. Styrax arbor. The Storax tree* r The place. This tree groweth in diners places ofFraunce, Italy, and Spaine, where it bringcth foorth little or no gum at all: it groweth in Iudea,Pamphyiia, Syria, Pifidia, Sidon , and many other places of Iewrie', and Paleftina; as alfo in diners Hands in the Mediterranean fea, namely Cypres, Cilicia, Candy,and Zant,and other places,where it brin- geth Foorth his gummie liquor, in full perfection offweetenes,andalfoin great plenty, vvhere it is gathered and put into great Canes or Reedes, whereofas fomedeemc, ittooke the namec*/*- i wit a \ others deeme of the leaues of Reeds, wher- in they v^tap it; whereof I haue two fmall trees in my garden, the vvhich I haue recouerea offeede. Ti/e time. It flowreth in Maie, and the fruite is ripe in September. *k The names. This tree as may be gathered by fomc was cal¬ led Styrax , by reafen of that gum or liquor which droppeth onto! the fame,being like vnto the hol¬ low pipes of He, that hang at the eaues of houles in winter called Styria,orof the canes, or the leaues of Reedes Ipoken of before : in Latine Storax calamity .* in Englifh Storax, which is kept in Canes or the leaues of Reedes •• there floweth from lome of thefe trees a certaine gum¬ mie liquor, which neuer groweth naturally hard, but retnainethalwaies thinne,which is called liquid Styrax, or Storax. '•& The temperature. The gum of this tree is of an hcating,molIifying,and conco&ingqualitie. ii The vertues. It helpeth the cough \ the falling downe of rheumcs and humours into the cheft, and hoarfencs of the voice \ it alfo helpeth the noile and founding in the cares $ preuaileth againll Strumas , or the Kings euill 1 nodes on the nerucs,andharde fwellings proceeding of a colde cauie^it preuaileth alio againll; all colde poifons,as Hemlockes and Inch like. Of this gum there are made fundryexcdIcntperfumes,pornancers,fweete waters, Iweerebags, and fwcete wafhing bals, and diners other Ivvecte chaines and bracelets,whereof to write were im¬ pertinent to this hiftorie. Of the Sorrow full trec > or fndian ^Jviourner. Chap , 138 . *kThe ctefcription. R.hor trijhsyhz lad or forrowfull tree waxeth as bigge as an Oliue tree, garnifned with manic goodly branches, fet full ofleaues like thole of the Plum treeiamong which come foorth moll odoriferous and fvveete fmeliing flowers, of the colour of Saffron^ which ftourilh and fhewe them- historih of plants. im themfelues onely in the night time,and in the day time looks withered and with a mourning cheere: the lcaues alfo at that time fhrinke in themfelues togither, much like a tender plant that is froft bit¬ ten, very fadly lumping, lowring, and hanging downe the head, as though itlothedthe light, and^ould not abide the heate of the funne. I fhould but in vainc lofe labour in repeating a foolifli fanfieofthePoeticallIndians, who wouldemakefoolesbelecue, that this tree was once afaire daughter of a great Lord or King, and that the funne was in lone with hir j with other toies which I omit. I •„ f j • \ ' % V. . V ; K^frbortrijlis. The Sorrowfull tree. T heplace time and names . This tree groweth in the Eaft Indies, efpecial- ly in Goa,and Malayo: in Goa it is called Pari- xsataco : in Malayo Sing di : in Decan Pul: of the Arabians Quart : and ofthe Perfuns and Turkes Gnl : inEnglifh the Sad or Sorrowfull tree, or the Indian Mourner. The time is fpecified in the defeription, # The temperature and vertues. We haueno certainc knowledge efthe tern- A perature hccreof, ncuerthelefle we reade that the Indians do colour their brothes and meates with the flowers heereof indeede of Saffron, or any other thing whatfaeucr that they defire to haue ofa yellow colour. It is reported, that if a Iinnen cloth he deeped B in the diddled water of rhe flowers *,and rheeies bathed and wafhedthcrewirh,helncth the itch¬ ing and paine thereof, and daieth the humours that fall downe to the fame. There is made of the fplinters of the wcode G certainc tooth pickes, and many pretie toies for pleafure. Of the ^Balfame tree . Chap. 139 . te The kindes. T Here be diners forts of trees from which doth flowe Balfame, very different one'from an other,not onely in forme, but alfo in fruite, liquor, and place of growing; the which to didin- guifh would require more time and trauell, then either our fmall time will affoord, or riches for our maintenance to difeouer the fame in their naturall countries: which otherwife by report to fet downe ccrtaine matter by incertainties, woulde diferedite the author, and no profitefhall arife thereby to the Reader: notvvithdanding we will fet downe fo much as we haue iound in the vvorkes of fouie trauellers,which bed agree with the truth of the hidorie. I Balfami THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 1344 I Balfamifructus* % Xylobalfamum. The fruit of the Balfame tree. The wood of the Balfame tree,' $c The defeription. 1 Mr-*Here be diuers trees growing in the Indies, whole fruits are called by the name of the fruit i of the Balfame tree .-among the reft this whole figure we haue let foorth vnto your viewe, we our felues haue leene & handled; and therfore the better able to dclcribe it. It is a fruite very crooked,and hollowed like the palmeof an hand; two inches long; halfc an inch thicke; co- uered with a thicke fmooth rinde, of the colour of a dry Oken leafe; wherein is conteined a kernell (of the fame length and thicknes ,apt to fill the faid fhell or rinde) of the fubftancc of an Almond 5 of the colour of afhes; fat,and oilie; of a good fmel l,and very vnpleafant in tafte. 2 The wood we haue dry brought vnto vs from the Indies for our vfe in Phificke (a Imall deferip- tion may feme foradryfl:icke)neuerthcIclTewehaucother fruits brought from the Indies, whole figures are not let foorth, byreafon they arenotfoweli knowneas defired; whereof one is of the bignes of a Walnut, lomewhat broadeon the vpper fide, with a rough or rugged fhell, vneuen, blacke of colour,and full of a white kernell, with much iuicc in it;of apleafant tafte and fmell, like the oile of Mace: the whole fruite is exceeding light, in refpedl of the quantitie or bignes, euen as itwere apeeccof Corke; which notwithftanding finkethto the bottome whenit falleth into the water,like as doth a ftone. 3 This tree faith Garcias that beareth the fruit Carfobdjamvm , is alio one of the Balfame trees: it growerh to the height and bignes of the Pomegranate tree, garnifhed with very many branches: whereon doe growe leaues Tike thole ofRcwe, butofcolour whiter, alwaies growing greener among which come foorth flowers, whereof we hauenocertaintie: afterwhich commeth fruite like that of the Turpentine tree, which in fhops is called Carpobalfamum^ of a pleafant fmell 5 but the liquor which floweth from the wounded tree,is much fweeter ; which liquor of fomcis called Opobaljamum . 3 CArpobalfamum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 5 34 S 3 Carpobalftmutn. The fruite ol one of the Balfaine trees. k T be defc ript ion. Ofthefe Balfame trees there is yet another fort: thefruite whereof is as it were a kernel! without a fhell, coueredwith a thin skin ftraked with manie vaines, ofabrownecolour: themeateis firmc and lolidcjlike thekernellofthe Indian Nut,ofa white colour, and without finell, but of a gratefull tafte; and is thought to be hot in the firft degree,or in the beginning of the fecond. There be diuers lores more which might be omit¬ ted bicaufe of tedioufhes: neuertheiefle I will trou¬ ble you with two efpccial trees woorthy the noting: There is faith my author in America a great tree, of monftrous hugenes, befet with leaues and boughes euen to the ground; the trunke whereof is coucred with a twofolde barke , the one thicke like vnto Corke; and another thinne next to the tree: from betweene which barks dorh Howe (the vpper barke being wounded) a white Balfame like vnto teares or drops, of a moft fweet faiiour,& Angular eifebts , for one drop of this which thus diftilleth out of the tree, is v/oorth a pound of that which is made by decobtion: the fruite heereof is (mall in relpebt of theotbers;it feldome exceedeth the bignes of a Peafe, of a bitter tafte; inclofed in a narrow husk, of the length of a finger,lomthing thin, and of a white colour; which the Indians do vfe againfl headach: vvhich fruite ofmoft, is that we haue before deferibed, called Carbubaljamum. It is alfo written, that in the Iland called Hi(]>anio!a-> there groweth a fmail tree, of the height of two men, without the induftry of man, hailing ftalkes or (terns of the colour of allies; whereon do grow greenc leaues ,fharpe at both endes ,but more greene on the vpper fide then on the lower; ha¬ iring a middle rib fomwhat tluckc and {landing our; the footeflalkes whereon they grow are fome- whatreddiih: among vvhich leaues commeth fruitc growing by clufters, as long as a mans hande fingers and all: the (tones or graines in the fruite be fewe, and greene; but growing torednefie more and more,as the fruite waxeth ripe. From the which is gathered a iuice,after this maner :thcy takethe yoongfliootes and buds of the tree, and alfo the clufters of the fruite, vvhich they bruile, and boile in water to the thickndTe of honie, which being (trained, they keepe it for their vfes. They v(e it againfl: wounds and vlcers;it(loppcth & Aancheth the blood; maketh them cleane; bringeth vp the flefh,and healeth them mightily, and with better fucccffe then true Balfame. The branches of the tree being cut, dothcaft foorthby drops accrtaine cleare w'ater, more woorth then vita, molt hoKoine againfl: woundes, and all other difeafes proceeding from colde caufcsjif it be drunken fome fewe daies tegither. The place. Thete trees grow in diuers parts of the world, (bme in Egypt,and moft of thofie countries adja¬ cent : there groweth of them in the eaft and weft Indies; as trauellers into thofe parts report. •& The time. The(e trees for the moft part keepe greene winter and (bmrner. k The names. Balfame is called in Greeke dn Latine alio Lalf.mttm: of the Arabians Balfmi, Ba'ejma , and Bel fan: in Italian B-dfawo ; in French Baume. The liquor that floweth cut of the tree when it is wounded, is called Op balfamum : the woods Tylobatfamrm - the fruite Carpobalfamum: and the liquor which naturally flowethfrorn the tree m Egypt Bal/mum. kthe 134* THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it The temperature. Balfame is hot and dry in the feccnd degree, with aftri&ion. it The vertues. A Naturall Balfame taken in a morning fafting,with a little Rofe water or wine,to the quantltic of fine or fixe drops 3 heIpeth thofe that be afthmatikc 3 or fhort of winde:it preuaileth againd the pains of the bladder 3 and domack,and comforteth the fame mightily; & alfo amendeth a (linking brethj and taketh away the (baking fits of the quotidian ague,ifit be taken two or three times. B It helpeth confumptions,cIenfeth the barren wombe,cfpecialIy being annointed vpon apeflary, or mother fuppofitorie,and vfed. C The domacke being annointed therwith,digeftion is helped thereby; it alfo preferueth the do- mackefromobdru&ions and windineffe; it helpeth thehardnes ofthefpleene; eafeth the griefes of the raines and belly proceeding of cold cau'es. D It alfb taketh away all maner of aches,proceeding ofcolde caufes,if they be annointed therwith; but more fpeedily 3 if a linnen cloth be wet therein,and laide thereon :vfed in the fame maner, it dif folueth hard cumours 3 called oedemata 5and llrengthneth the weake members. E The fame refretbeth the braine 3 and comforteth the parts adjoining ; it helpeth the palfie 3 con* uulfions 3 and all griefes ofthe finewes 3 if they be annointed therewith. F The maruellotis effeds that it vvotketh in newe and greene wounds 3 were heere to long to let downs, and alfo fuperfluotis; confidering the skilfull Chirurgion whom it mod concerneth, doth know the vfc thcrof; and as for the beggerly Quackfaluers^ Runnagates 3 and knauifh Mound- banks, we are not willing to inllrud in things fo farre aboue their reachpapacitie and worthinefle. Of a klndc of H dime yOrTdaljame tree* Chap, 14 . 0 . Mo He fine Ui tolly Clttfii ,fjr L'Obciij. The Balfame tree of Clufm, and Jd Obeli tu defeription. it The defeription. T His tree which the people of the Indies do call Molliy growethtothe bignesofa great tree : hailing a trunke or body of a darke grcenecolour 3 fprinkled oner with many alb co¬ loured fpots: the branches are many, and of very great beauty ; whereupon do grow leaues not vn- like to thofe of the Alb tree, confiding of many (mall leaues, let vpon a middle rib; growing nar¬ rower euer towards the point, euery particular one tagged on thef fideslike the teeth ofafawe; which being plucked from the demme, yeeldeth foorth a miikie iuice 3 tough and clammy 3 fauoring like the buifed leaues ofFenell 3 and as itfeemeth intaflefomwhataftringent: the flowers growm duffers vpon the twiggie branches, like thofe of the Vine tree a little before the grapes be for¬ med: after followeth the fruite or berries, fome- what greater then Pepper cornes, ofan oilie fub- fta nee jgfeene at the firft, and of a darke reddifh colour when they be ripe. it 1 he place. This tree faith a learnedPhifitioncalled/^. FrAgofui, doth grow in the king of Spaine his gar¬ den, at Madryll, which wasthefird that euer he did fee: fince which tim c^lohn Ferdinando /Secre¬ tary vnto the forefaide king, didfhewevnto the HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1347 laid Fragofm, in his owne garden a tree fo large, and of fuch bcautie, that he was neucr fatisfied with looking on it, and meditating vpon the vertues thereof. Which wordcs I haue received from the liandes ofafamous learned man, called Wl. Lancelot Browne,"0.^0): in Phificke,and Phificion vnto the Quccnes Maieftic,at the imprclfion heerof^faithfully tranflated out of the Spanifh toong, without adding or taking any thing away. They grow plentifully in the vales and low grounds of Peru, as all affirmc that hatie trauellcd to the weft Indie$;as alfo thofe that haue deferibed the Angularities therof.My felfe with diners others^ as namely Mafter a worfhipfull marchant of the citieof London; and alio a moft skilfuli Apothecarie, Mafter lames Garret, who haue receiued feedes thereof from the right Ho¬ norable the Lord of Hunfdon, Lord high Chamberlaine of England, woorthieof triple Honor for his care in getting, asalfo for his curious keeping rare and ftrange things brought from the fartheft parts of the world; which feedes we haue fowen in our gardens, where they haue brought foorth plants of a footc high; and alio their beautifull leaues: notwithftanding our care, diligence, and induftry,they haue perifhed at the firft approch of winter, as not being able by reafon of their tendemes to indure the colde of our winter blafts. # The time. As touching the time of his flourifhing,and bringing his fruite tomaturitic, wc haue as yet no cercaineknowledge,but is thought to be greene both winter and fommer. vV The names. This moll notable tree is called by the Indian name^/ 2 !r,offome Molly, and Muelle,t aken from his tender foftnes,as fome haue deemed: it may be called the Fennell tree,or one of the Balme,or Balfame trees. *' 7 he temperature. This tree is thought to be of an aftringent or binding qualitie; whereby it appeercs befides the hot temperature it hath,to be compounded of other diuers faculties. k The vertues. The Indians vfe to feeth the fruite or berries heereofin water, and by a fpeciall skill they haue in theboilingjdo make a moft hollome wine or drinke.as alfo a kinde of vineger, asdfometiines ho- nie; which are very ftrange efte&s, thefe three things being fo contrary in taftc. The leaues boiled,and the decodt ion drunke,hclpeth them of any difeafe proceeding of a colde g caufe. The gum which ifiueth from the tree, being whitclike vnto Manna, diflolued in milke-, taketh Q away the web of the eies,and eleereth the fight,being wiped oner with it. The barkeofthis tree boiied,and the legs that be fwollen and full of paine, bathed and wafhed [) with the deco&ion diuers times,takcth away both infirmities in fhort fpace. This tree is offuch eftimation among the Indians, that they wodhip it as a god , acceding to E their fauage rites and ceremoniesimuch like as Pliny reporteth of Homers Moly, the moft renowrred of all plants, which they had in old time in fuch eftimation and reuerenee, that as it is recorded., the gods gaue it the name of Moly , and fo writeth Quid, Pacife r huh dederat florem Cyllenius album, Moly vacant Supers, nigra radice tenetur. * Cyllenius beating Peace, vpon this tree Gaue and beftowd a flowre or bloftbme white ? * Moly the gods would haue it named bee, I’ts held to haue a roote tha’cs blacke in fight. r * Mercuric the gods herald and orator. *Atofy Angular againft witchcraft. If any be defirous to fee more heercof they may rcade a learned difcourlc of it fet foorth in the Latine roong,by the learned HObel'tus , who hath at large written the hiftorie thereof, dedicated to the Right Honorable,the Lord Chamberlaine,at the Impreflion hecrof; faithfully ouerfeene and examined by the learned Phifition before remembred, Mafter Doctor Browne ,and his cenfure vp- on the fame.. 0/ THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 1348 Of the (fanell\ or Cinnam om tree . Chap . 14 . 1 . CanelU foliumBacillus. The leafe and trunke of the Cinnarnom tree. ft The defer iption. T He tree which hath the Cinnamon for his barkers of the ftature of an Oliue tree: ha¬ iling a body as thicke as a mans thigh, from which the Cinnamon is taken; but that ta¬ ken from the/mailer branches is much better: which branches or boughes are many,and veric ftraight; whereon do grow beautiful! leaues, in fliape like thofe of the Orcnge tree, and of the colour of the Baie leafe, (not as it hath beenc reported) like vnto the leaues of flags or fiower- Deluce: amongthefe pleafant leaues and bran¬ ches come foorth many fairc white flowers, which turnc into round and blacke fruire or ber¬ ries,of the bignes ofan HafeIlNut,or the Oliue berrie, andofablacke colour; outof which is preffed an oile, that, hath no flnell at all vntill it be rubbed and chafed betvvecncthehandes: the trunke or body with the greater armes or boughes of the tree, are couered with a double or two foldc barke,like that of Suber, the Corke tree: the innermoft whereof is the true & plea¬ fant Cinnarnom, which is taken from the tree, and caff vpon the grounde in the heateof the funne; through the heate thereofit turneth and foldethitfelferoundctogither, as we daily fee by viewing the thing it felfe; this tree being thus peeled, recouereth a newe bra ke in the /pace of three yeeres, and is then ready to bedisharked as. afore. That Cinnarnom which is of a pale colour, hath not beene well dried in the funne: that of a faire brovvne colour is befl; and that which is blackifh,hath been too much dried, and alfo hath taken fome wet in the time of drying, f ft The flare. The chiefefc places where the trees do growe that beare Cinnarnom, are Zeilan, and Malauar: but thefe of Zeiian are the beft: they grow in other of the Moluccaes Hands, as Iaoa, or Iaua, the greacer and the lefie, and alio in Mindanoa, for the mod part vpon mountaines. ft The time. The Cinnarnom tree groweth grecne winter and fommer,as do all the other trees of the Moluc- caes,and Eaft Indies for the mod part :the boughes whereof are cut offatleafonable times,by the exprefle corr.mandement of the king of the countrie ; and not before he haue appointed the rime. There hath beenc feme controuer/ie among writers concerning the tree, whole barke is CafitA , and that tree that beareth Cinnarnom, making them both one tree; but that opinion is not to be receiued :fcr there is as great differencebetweene them,as there is betwixt an Oke, and a Cheftnuc tree; for the rree whofe barke is Capa, is donbtlefte a baftard kinde of Canell, or Cinnarnom: in /hew it is very like, but in fvveetenes of/mell and other circumftances belonging to Cinnarnom, farre in¬ ferior. ft The names. Cinnarnom is called in Italia n CanelU: in Spanifh Canola .* in French Candle 1 in high Dutch Jtmmet HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1349 ~mimcfc cce^fm t the Grecians wvduumv. theLatinesIikewife Cinnamomum ; the Arabians!)^- Cent, and as fome fay Querfaa, others Ouerfe : in Zeilan Cmrde : in the Hand Iaua they name it Ca- meaa : in Onnus Dare him, id eft,lignum chinen/eftnz wood of China: in Maiauar Cais maths, which in their toong fignifteth Dulse lignum Sweete wood : in Englifh Cinnamome 3 Cinnamon 3 and Ca- nell: it is called of fome Cafti. 2 , and Capa Itgnea, but vnproperly. vV Thetemperatureandvertuts. Dtoftcorides writetlgthat Cinnamom hath power to warme,and is of thinne partes: it is alio diie A, and aftringent, it prouoketh vrine,cleereth the eies ,and make th fvveete breath. The decoction bringeth downe the menfos,preuaileth againft the bitings of venemous beaftes , 8 the inflammation of the inteftines and raines. Thediftilled water hereof is profitable to many, and for diners infirmities, it comforteth the C weake 3 coldc 3 and feeble ftomacke,eafoth the paines and frettings of the guts and intrailes procee¬ ding ofcolft caufes 3 ic amendeth the euill colour of the facc,makethfweete breth,and giueth a moft pleafant tafle vnto diners fortes ofmeates, and maketh the fame not onely more pleafant, but alfo more holefome for any bodies of what conftitution foeuer they be, notwithftanding the binding qualitie. The oyle drawne chimically preuaileth againft the paines of thebreafLconiforteth the ftemack, D breaketh windinefle 3 caufeth good digeftion, and being mixed with fomchonie, taketh away Ipots from the facc,being annointed therewith. The diftilied water of the flovyers of the tree, as Garcias the Lufitanian Phifition writeth, excel- E Ieth far in fwcetnefTe all other waters whatfoeuer, which is profitable for fuch things as thebaike it felfe is. Out of the berries of this tree is drawenby expreffion, as out of the berries of the Oliue tree, a F certaine oyle,or rather a kinde of fat like blitter, without any fmell at all, except it be made warme, and then it fmelleth as the Cinnamom doth 3 and is much vfed againft the coldnes of the finewes 5 all paines of the ioints,and alfo the paines and diftemperature of the ftomacke and breaft. To write as the woorthinefle ofthe fubiedf requireth, would aske more time than we haue to be- G flowevpon any one plant; therefore thefe few {hallfuifice, knowing that the thing is of greatvfo among many 3 and knovven to moft. OjCjum Lackptndhis rotten tree . Chap.i^z. j & The description. T He tree that bringeth foorth thatexcrementall fubftance 3 called Lacca both in the fhops of Europe and elfewhere, is called of the Arabians, Pcrfiansand Turkes Loc Sumutri, as who fnould fay Lacca of Sim aura: fane which haue fo termed it,haue thought that thefirftplentie therecfcame from Sumutra,but herein they haueerred;for the abundant ftore thereof came from Pegu,where the inhabitants thereof do call it Lac, and others of the fame pronince T rec. T he hifto- ric of which tree,according to that famous Herbarift Ctufnu •, is as followeth: There is in the country of Pegu and Malabar,a great tree 3 whole leauesaie like themof the Plum tree, hauing many jfimli twiggie branches; when the trunkeor bodyof the tree waxetho'de, itrottethin fundi replaces, wherem do breede certaine great ants or Pifmires, which continually worke and labour in the time ofharueft and fommer againft the penurie of winter : fuch is the diligence of thefe Ants, or Inch is thenatureof rhetree wherein they harbour, or both, thatthey prouide for their winter foode, a lumpe or maffe of fubftance, which is of a crimfon colour, fo beautiiull and fo faire, as in the whole world the like cannot be ieene, which foruetli not oncly to phificall vfes, bur is a perfect and coftiy colour for Painters 3 called by vs Indian Lack. The Pifinires(as I laid) worke out this coIour,by fuc- kingthe fubftance or matter of Lacca from the tree, as Bees do make honie and waxe, by fucking the matter thereof from allherbes, trees, and flowers, and the inhabitants of that countrie, do as diligently foarch for this Lacca, as we in England and other countries., feeke in the woods for ho¬ nie; whichLaccaafter they hauefound, they take from the tree, and drie it into a lumpe; among 'which fome times there come oner fome fticksandpeeccsof the tree with the wings of the Ants, which haue fallen amongft ir 3 as we daily foe. Sfff 1 Lacca THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE *t 5° ticca cum ftis hxctUis, Gum Lack with his ftaffe, or fticke. *k ThepUce . The tree which beareth Lacca groweth in Zeilan and Malauar .,and in other partes of the Eaft Indies. it The time. Of the time we haue no certaine knowledge. it The names. Indian Lack is called in {hops Lacca t in Italian Lachetta : ^Tuicen calleth it Luch : Paulws and D/of or ides Cc.ncamwn; the other names are exprefied in the defeription. it The temperature andvertues. Lack or Lacca is hot in the fecond degree, itcomforteththehart andliuer, openethob- ftru&ions, expelleth vrine, andpreuaileth a- gainft the dropfie. There is an artificiall Lack made of the lerapings of Brafill and Saffron, which is vied of Painters, andnottobevfed in phifickeas the other naturall Lacca. Of tbefndian Leafe . Chap, 14 . 3 . tapam, j The Indian Leafe. it 7 he defeription. T i-AmalxpatrA, or the Indian Leafe groweth vpon a great tree like to the Orcnge tree, with like leauesalfo, butfomewbat broa¬ der,a little fharpe pointed, of a greene gliftering colour, and three fmall ribs running through each leafe,after the manner ofRibwoort,where- by it is eafie to be knowen: it ffnelleth fomwhat like vnto Cloues, but not fo ftrong as Spikenard or Mace(as fome haue deemed)nor yet of fo fub- tile and quicke a fent as Cinnamom. There was fent or added vnto this figure by Cortufus a cer¬ taine fruit like vnto a fmall Acorne, with this in- feription FrutfusCanelU, the fruit of theCanell tree, which may be doubted of, confidering the defeription of the forenamed tree holden gene¬ rally of raoft to be perfed. it Thephce . The Indian Leafe groweth not fleeting vpon. the water like vnto Lens paluflris, as Diofcorides and Flinie doe fot downe, though (learned and painfull writers) but is the leafe of a great tree, a branch whereof vtehauefet foorth vnto your view, which groweth in Arabia and Cambaya far from the water fide. it The HIST-ORIE OF PLANTS. - p 1351 k Tbs time. Of the time we hauc no certaine knowledge^ but is fuppofed to be greenc winter and fommer. i? The names. \ TAmaUpatrA is called of the Indians in their mother toong, clpecially the Arabians Cadegi Jndi, or Ladegi Jndi, that is, Folium Indicnm, or inaum, the Indian Jeafe: but the Mauritanians do call it Tembul. The Latines and Grecians following fome of the Arabians haue called it CMaU- bithrwn. k The temper.it urc and vertues. The Indian leafcis hotanddrie in the fcconde degree, agreeing with Nardus in temperature; A other report of Mace : it prouoketh vrine molt mightily, warmeth and comforteth the fto- macke. It preuaileth againft the pin and web in the eies,the in flammation and waterie eies, and all other B imperfe&ions of the fame. It is laide among clothes as well to keepe them from moths and other vermine, asalfotogiue C vnto them a fvveete finell. Of the Clone tree. Chap, 14 . 4 .. I CAryopbylliveriClusij. 2 '^Antopbylli. The true forme of the Cloue tree. FulTes,or ouerripe Cloues. k The dejcription. I '"T " 1 He Cloue tree groweth great in forme like vnto the Bay tree,the trunkeor-bodie wherofis I couered with a ruflfct bark: the branches are many.long,S<: very britt!e,vvherupon co grow leaues like thofeofthe Bay crce 3 butfomewhat narrower; among which come the flowers, Sifl 2 whice 135* THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE white at the firft,after of a greenifh colour,waxing of a darkc red colour in the end; which flowers are the very Cloues when they are growen hard:after when they be dried in the funne,they become of that duftie blacke colour,which we daily fee wherein they continue. 2 The other figure fettethfoorth the feuit when it is oner ripe; for thofe that we haueineftima- tion, are beaten downetothe ground before they be ripe, and are fuffered thereto lievpon the groundwntill they be dried throughly, where there is neither grafTe, weedes, nor any other herbes growing to hinder the fame, byreafon the treedraweth vntoit felfe for his nourishment all the moyfture of the earth of a great circuite round about, fo that nothing can there growe for want of moyfture; and therefore the more conuenient for the drying of the Cloues. Contrariwife, thofe groflekinde of Cloues, which haue beene fuppofed to be the male, are nothing elfe than fruiteof the fame tree, tarrying there vntill it fall downe of it felfe vnto the ground, where by reafon of his long lying,and meeting with fome raine in the ineane feafon,lofeth the quicke tafte that the others haue,which of die ancients are called Futti ,whereofwehaue englifhed them Fufies. Some affirme, that the flowers hereof fiupafle all other flowers in fweetncfle when they are greene, and hold the opinion,that the hardened dowers are not the Clones themfelues (as wehaue written) butthinke them rather the feate or huske wherein the flowers do growe: the greater number hold the former opinion. And further,that the trees areincreafed without Jabour,graffing,planring,or induftric,but by the falling or die fruit, which beare fruit within eight yeeres after they be rifen vp, and fo conti¬ nue bearing tor an hundred yeeres togither, as the inhabitants of tha t countrie do affirme. 2 Caryophyllusjlorens. The Clone tree flowring. it The defeription. A 3 The defeription and true figure of the Cloue tree we haue alreadie fet foorth: this figure fetteth foorth the tree with his flowers in his perfection, that is to lay, when they are come to a greenifh yellow colour. The leaues hereof do not anfwere the true figure, therefore are you not to regarde ; them. it The place. The Cloue tree groweth in fome few places of the Moluccaes Hands, as in Zeilan, Iaua the grea¬ ter and the Idle ,and diuers other places. it The t me. The Cloues are gathered from the i5.of Sep¬ tember vnto the end of Februarie, not with their hands, as we gather Apples, Cherries, and fuch likefrut, but by beating the tree, as Walnuts are gotten,as we haue written in the defeription. itThe names. The fruit hereof was vnknowen to the ancient Grecians: ofthe laters writers cabled in Latinc alfo Caryophyllm and Clauus: in French Clou de Gyro fie : the Mauritanians charhumfel : in Ita¬ lian Carofano : in high Dutch jOflCgd ♦ in Spanifli Clauode efpecia : of the Indians Calafur: in the Mo¬ luccaes changue ; of thePandets o Jrumfel, and Cbarumfel : in Englifh Cloue tree,and Cloues. it The temperature. • Cloues are hot and drie in the thirde degree. it Thevertnes. Clones ftrengthen the ftomacke/he liuer and hatt,helpe digeftion,and prouoke vrine. The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1355 . The Portingale women that dwell in the Eaft Indies, drawe from the Clones when they be yet R grccne,a ccrtaine liquor by diftillation,ofa molt fragrant fmell,which comforteth the hart ;and of, all cordials is themoft effcd uall. Cloues flop the belly; theoile or water thereof dropped into the eies, doth fhafpen the fight, C cleanleth away the cloud or web in the fame. The waight of fovver drams ofthe powder of Cloues taken in milkc, procureth the ad of gene- D ration. There is cxtra&ed from the Cloues a certaine oyle, or rather a thickc butter of a yellow colour, E which being chafed in the hands Imelleth like the Cloues themfelues, wherewith the Indians do cure their wounds and other hurtcs,as vve do with Balfame. The vfe of Cloues not onely in meate and medicine, but alio in fweete powders and fuch like, is B fufficiently knowen,therefore this fhallfufHce. Ofthe Jfutmeg tree . Chap . 1 ^ 5 . I Nux Myrifiica & Macis. The Nutmeg with his Mace* 2 Nux Miifcata. The Nutmeg tree. * ft The defection. I r ’p He tree that beareth the Nutmeg and the Mace, in forme is like vnto the Peach t ree, fa- I -uing that the leauesheereof are narrower, and not folong, alwaies greeneon thevpper fide, andvnderneathof a greene tending to yellownefTe: amongwhich comefoorth the Nut and the Mace,as it were the flowers.ThcNut appeereth firft compared about with the Mace, as it were in the middle of afingleRofe, which in proceffe of time doth wrap and inclofe theNuc round on euery fide-’after comcth a husk like that ofthe Walnut,but of an harder fubftance, which ' Sfffs inclofetb I 1554 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE incloleth the Nut with his Mace, as the Walnut huske doth couer the Nut, which in time of ripe- nefic doth cleaue of idelfe, as the Walnut huske doth, and fhqweth his Mace, which then is of a perfedl crimfbn colour, andmaketh a moft goodly fhew, Specially when the tree is well laden with fruit: after theNut becommeth drie, the Mace like wife gapeth and forfaketh the Nut, euen as the firft huske or couerture, and leaueth it bare and naked as we all do knowe, at which time it gettetli to it felfe a kinde of darke yellow colour, and loieth that braue crimfon dic,which it had at the firft. ' ' k Theplace. The Nutmeg tree groweth in the Indies,in an Hand efpecially called Banda, and in the Hands of Molucca,though not fo good as the firft,neither thofe that do growe in Zeilau, k The time. The fruit is gathered in September in great abundance, all things being common in thofe coun¬ tries. r, .(: :! k The turnes. The N utmeg tree is called of the Grecians ^’p^or . The Latines T^ux Mofcbata&nd 2{^ux Myriftica : in Italian 1\oce Mojcada : in Spanifh ez.de efeetie : in French T^jux Aiufcade: in high Dutch ^CfCfjdt JOtlff t of the Arabians Leuzbane&v Gianziban : the countne people where they growe Pallx. The Maces BunapalU: in Decan theNut is called Iapatn, and the Maces latfol: of tuccn Iaufiba,nd,tdeft,Nux Bandenjis ; the Maces he callcth Befbafc: in Englifh Nutmeg. k The temperature. The Nutmeg, as the Mauritanians write, is hot and drie in the fecond degree, complete and aflringent. k 7 he vertues. A Nutmegs caufea fweete breth,and amend thofe that do flinke, if they be much chewed and hol- den in the mouth, B The Nutmeg is good againft freckles in the face, quickeneth the fight, ftrengtheneth the belly, and the feeble liner, it taketh away the fweliing in tiie fjpleene,ftaieth the laske, breaketh winde,and is good againft all cold difeafes in the body. C Nutmegs bruited and boyled in-Aqua vitte, vntill it haue wafted and dried vp the moyfture, ad¬ ding thereto of Rhodome ttphut is-honie and the iuice ofRofes) gently boyling them to the forme of, a firupe and ftrainedjCureth ail paines proceeding of windie and cold caufes, if three fpoonefuls be giuen falling for certaine dales togither, D The fame bruifed and boyled in ftrong white wine vntill three parts be fodden away, with the rootesof Motherwoort added thereto in the boyling and {trained : this liquor drunke withfome Sugar,cureth all gripings of the belly proceeding of windinefle. E As touching the choifc there is not any fo fimple,but lmoweth that the heauieft,fatteft, and ful- left ofiuicc is the beft,which may eafily be found out by pricking the fame with a pin, or fuch like. Ofthe Tepper plant . Chap.1^.6. k 1 he kindes. 'T ” 1 Here be diuers forts of Pepper,that is to fay, white and blacke Pepper, long Pepper,one grea- ter and longer than the other 3 and alfo a kinde of Ethiopian Pepper. * k The defeription. i r-jp He plant that beareth Pepper, whether we may call it a tree or an herbie plant, it is difputa- I ble, feme holding it for a tree, fomc a kinde of Vine, and others for an herbe like vnto the €omtoiuuli } or Bindweedes, whereupon we will not difpute : but ycelding the cenfures of thofe learned that haue writtenthereof, leaning the reft thatmight befaidtoafurtherconfide- sation. The plant that beareth the black Pepper as alio the white, groweth vp like a Vine among bufhes and HISTORIC OF and brambles where it naturally growerh 5 bur where it is manured, itisfowenat the bottome of the tree Faufd & the Date tiees, wheron it taketh hold and climeth vp euen to the top, as doth die Vine, ramping and taking hold with hisclafping tendrels of'any other thing icmeeteth wirhall.The Ieaues are few in number, in fhape like thole of the Adyrian Apple tree 5 butlefier,fharpe pointed,and of a frefh greene colour; in talk fomewhar hot,as are the fruit and alfo the Ieaues of Betre. The fruit is cluttered togither many fet vponalong (lender ftem, like a little bunch of Grapes, of an handfull long,greene ar the firft,and blackifh when they be ripe and diied. The roote is finall, and as itfhould fecrnethrcddic, bcingas it is thought an annual plant, which mull: be (owen ycerely, or come vp of it (elfe by the falling of die fruit. Some report it to'hauethc roote of Coftdu, which is of a woodie fub(lance, nothing according with reafon, for the reafons before alledged. The plant that bringeth white Pepper is notro be diftinguifhed from the other plant, butonely by the colour of thefruite, no more than a Vine thatbeareth blacke Grapes,fro.m that which brin¬ geth white: and of fomcit is thought,that the (elfe fame plant doth fometimes change it (elfe from blacke to white,as diners other plants do. PLANTS. 3355 Piper nigrum album <p? longnm. Blacke,white,and long Pepper. 2 Piper L AEihiopicumfiuc Vita long*. Pepper of Aethiopia.N ❖ T he deferiptiort. 2 This other kindc of Pepper brought vnto vs from Aethiopia, called of the coiintrie w c groweth Piper ^Aeth topic am, in (Bops and alfo Lon^a V/ta.lt groweth vpc.n a Irnal . .in manner of an hedge bufn, whereupon grow 13- long cods in bunches, a finger long, of a brewne colour, vneuen, and bunched or puft vp ind aers places, diuided into line or fixe lockers or cels, each whereof containeth a round feede lomcwhat long,letter than the feede; of Paeonie, in talk like common Pepper or Cardamowum, whofe facultie and temperature it is thought to haue, whereof we hold itakinde. Thctree that beareth long Pepper, bath noli, militude ar all with the plant that bringeth blacke and white Pepper : lome haue deemed them to groweall on one tree, which is notconfonantto truth: for they growein countries far dittancone from another; and alfo that countrie where theie is blacke Pepper, hath not any of the long Pepper: and therefore Galen following Diofcortdcs, were togither both ouerfeenc in this point. Ibis tree, faith Mor/ardes, is not great, yet of a woodie fub' jfhnce, difperfmghere and there his clafpingten- Sfff 4 drels. 1^6 THE THIRD-BOOKE OF THE drels, wherewith it taketh holde of other trees, and filch other things as do growe neere vntoir. Thebranehes are many andtwiggie, whereon doth grow thefruite, confiding ofmany graines growing vpon a (lender footeftalke, thruftor compad clofc togithcr 5 greeneatthe fir it, andaf- terwarde blackifh ; in tafte (harper and hotter than common blacke Pepper, yet Tweeter , and of better tafte. 3 Piper Mothioli. • ' - • Math torn his figure of Pepper. "kibe defer ipt ion. c • 3 Mathiolui hath (et foorth a (iguec of Pepper, condemned of mod to be faigned; neuerthelcde it agreeth with the firft defeription in diuers pointsjit differeth from the others in the dole and round bunches of fruit.The which figure we haue likewife inferred among the reft, vntill further certaintie may be knowen hereof. There is alfb another kinde of Pepper fcldome brought into thefe partes of Europe,called Piper Conor ium: it is hollow within, light and emptie, but good todrawe flegmefrom the headjtohelpe the toothach,and choierike aflfeds. Another kind of Pepper is fomtimes brought, which the Spaniards do call Pimento, derobo , that is, Pepper with a taile : it is like vnto Cubebes, round,full,fomew hat rough,blacke of colour,and of a fharpe quicke tafte, like the common Pep¬ per, ofagoodfmell: itgrowethbyclufters vpon fmallftems or ftalkes, which fome hauevnadui- fediy taken for \^Anomttm. The king of Portin- gale forbad this kinde of Pepper to be brought ouer, for fearc Ieaft the right Pepper fhouldbee the lefle efteemed,and fo himfelfe hindered in the fale thereof. k The place. Blacke and white Pepper groweth in the Icing- dome ofMalauar,and that very good 5 in Malaca alfojbut not fo good; and alfo in the Hands Sunde and Cude : there is great ftore growing in the kingdomc of China, and fomc in Cananor, but not much. Pepper of Aethiopia groweth in America, in all the trad of the coiintrie where Nata and Car¬ thago are fltuated. The reft hathbeene fpoken of in their feueralldefcriptions. The white Pepper is not fo common as the blacke, and is vied there in fteede offalt. k The time. The plant rifeth vp in the firft of the fpring; the fruit is gathered in Auguft. k The names. The Grecians, who had bed knowledge of Pepper, do call kmm&r. theLatines Piper: the Ara¬ bians Fulfel and Fulfill : in Italian Pepe : inSpamfh Pimento : in French Pome: in high Dutch PfeffCt: in EnghiT Pepper. , Vi: That of Aethiopia is called Piper -Acthiopicum,Amomum,Fita Ion go and of fome Cardamomtm , whereof we holde it to be a kinde. I receiued abranch heereof at thehandsof a learned Pbifition of London,called iSAsteeuen Bred\xe [fwith his fruit aho. k The temperature. The Arabians and Perfian Phifitions iudge,that Pepper IS ^ 10t ,n ^e third degree, But • HISTORIE OF PLANTS. r 1357. But the Indian Phifitians which for the moPt part arc Emperickes, hold that Pepper is colde, as almoft all other fpice,which are hot indeed: the long Pepper is hot alio in the third degree , and as wc haue (aide, is thought to be the bed ofallthekinds. ic Thevertues. Diofecorides and others agreeing with him 3 affirmc, that Pepper refidethpoifon, and is good to A beput in medicaments for the eies. All Pepper healethjprouokcth vrine,digcfteth 3 drawcth 3 dilperfeth.. and clenfeth the dimneffe of g the fight 3 as the fame Diofcorides noteth. Of bastard Temper galled Betle^orBetre. Chap.i^j. Bet lefine Betre. Baftard Pepper. # The defeription. T His plant climeth andrampeth vpontrecs^ bullies, or whatloeucr elfe itmecteth with- all 3 like vnto the Vine,or the blacke Pepper, whereof fome holde it for a kinde. The leaues are like thofe of the Limon tree, but fomewhat longer, of a dultie colour, withdiuers veines or* ribs running through the fame. Thefruitegro- weth among the leaues,very crookedly writhed, in fhape like the taile of a Lyzard, of the tade of Pcpper 3 yet very pleafant to the palate. & 7 he place. It groweth among the Date trees,and ^Areu y in mofl: of the Molucca Hands, elpecially in the marrifh grounds. ie The time. The time anfwereth that of Pepper, tfr 7 he names. This hath beene taken for the Indian leafe, but not properly: of mod it is called T embul, and Tambui • in Malauar Eetre in Decan Guzarata , and Canam: it is called Pam in Molaio Siri. 7 hevfe and temperature. The leaues chawed in the mouth are of a bit-A ter tade, elpecially thofe thatclimbe vpon the trecAreca, or any other bitter tree from whence it taketh his bitternede; otherwife it is very plea¬ fant, which the people do mixe with the lime made of oyderfhels, whereunto they alfoadde fome Amber Greicc, Ltgnum Aloes, Sc fuch like, which they dampe togither, making it into a padc,which they role vp into round bals,kecpe drie for their vfe, & carle the fame in their mouths vntill by little and little it is confirmed; as when we carie fugar Candiein ourmouthes, or the iuicc of Licorice; which is not onely vnto the feely Indians meate, but alio drinke in their tedious trauels, rcfrefhing their wearied fpirits; and helpeth memorie: which is edeenied among the Em- pericke Phifitions 3 to be hot and drie in the fecond degree. Of 13 >8 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE T m rdines, or (jr dines ofT^dradice. Ch-ap.iAJb . % Thekindes. Here be diners forts of Graines, fome long, others Pearefaftiion; fame greater; and others lefier. Car damomi genera. Thekindes,or forts of Graines. it The defer ipt son. T He vppermoft figure hecreoffetteth foorth vnto your viewe the cod wherein the hot fpice lieth, which wc call Graines: in fhops Gretna Faradtji: it groweth by the report of the learned vpon an hearby plant, of the height of onecubite, notvnlikein fubflanccto the herbe that beareth Ginger; whereupon doth growe a great cod or huske, in lhape like a Fig when it groweth vpon the tree 3 but ofcolour rufiet,thruft full of fmallfeedcs or graines, ofadarkereddifh colour, (as the figure ITieweth which is diuided ) of an exceeding hot tafte. The other forts maybediftinguifhed by the fight of the pidure, confidering the onely dif¬ ference confiftcth in forme, and we haftentoan ende. *?■ T hep!ace. They grow in all the Ball Indies ,from theport of Calccute vnto Cananor; it groweth in Mala-, uar 3 in Ioa 3 and diuers other places. ‘k The time. They fpring vp in Maie, being fowen of feede, and bring their fruite to ripenes in September. tf. The names. Grains are called in Greeke k a p a a’m n m o Nj in Latine Cardamomum: the Arabians Cornmcnp of diuers Gentils Dore: oiAutcen Saccolax quebir, ideH Magnum: the other Saccclxx cegner, 'id eH Monte: it is called in Malauar Etremelh: in Zeilart Enqal- in Bengal z^Guzarata, and Dec an Hit,and Etnchi, of fome Mileguetta, and Milegetta: in English Graines,and Graines ofParadice. < 1 he temperature. Atttcen writeth,that Sac colaa Cardamomum } or Grana Paradifi, are hot and drieinthethirde de¬ gree, with aftridion. The 'vertues. The Graines chewed in the mouth,draweth foorth from the head and ftomacke, waterifh and pituitous humours. It aifo comforteth and warmeth the weake, colde, and feeble flomacke, helpcth the agewe,and riddeth the fhakmgfits, beingdrunke with fome Spanifh wine, called Secke. CMMIMV C.MIMYS C.MBIVM 1 1 h Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. *3 59 Of Yuca orffucca . Chap. 14 .^. Yuca.fuc luce a Per a»a. The roote wherof the bread Cafauapr Cazaua is made. "A Tie defer ip ion. T He plant of whofe root the Indian bread called Cazaua is made, is a lowe herbe, confifting onely ofleaues and rootes: it hath neither ftalke, flowers, nor fruite, that I can vnderftande of others , or by experience from the plant it felfe , which hath growen in my garden foweryeers togither, and yet doth growe and profper cxceedinglyjneuerthelefle withour ftalke, fruite, or flowers, as aforefaid. It hath a very great roote^thickc,and tuberous, and very knobbie, full ofiuice,fomwhat fweec in tafte, but of a pernicious qualitie ( as faith myaurhor) iromwhicli rooterifeth vpimme¬ diately forth of the ground very manyleaues, ioined vntothe head of the roote in a rounde circle , the which are long, of the length of a cubite, hollowed like a guttter, or trough,very fmooth, and of agreenc colour, like^that of Woade: the edges of the Jeaues are fnarpe, like the edge of a knife 3 and of a browneco- Jour^the point of the leafe is a prickc,as fharpe as a needle, which hurteth thofe that vnadui- fedly pafte by it: the leafe with aduifed cic viewed, is like vnto a little Wherrie, or fuch like bote: they arealfo very tough, harde to breake, and not eafic to cut , except the knife be very fharpe. A The place. This plant groweth in all the rra<ft of the ' ' Indies, from the Magellane ftraights vnto the cape of Florida, and in moftof the Hands of the Canibals, and others adioining, from , t . , T whence I had that plant brought mee that doth growe in my garden, byaferwantof a learned and skilfull Apothccark of Excefter, named M after Thomas Edwards. A? The time. It Length greene both winter and fommer in my garden, notwithftanding the iniurie of our colde climate, without any couerture at all. A The names. It is reported vnto me by trauellers, that the Indians do call it in feme parts Manihot but eerte- railyr*«, or/»r«:it is thought to be the plant called of Theofbrrtm ^trubidm , and ofplime ^5* The temperature. This plant is hot and driein the fuft degree, which is ment by the feces or drofTe, when the poi- fonousiuiceisprefTedorftrainedfoorth, and is alfodrie in the middle of the feconde degree. of I '%6o THE THIRD BOOKE Q P THE Of the fruit < iAnacardium> and Caiowfr Caiocus . CbapAji. ^Mmcardium. The Beane of Malaca. CillOM. The kidney Beane of Malaca. & The defeription. T He ancient writers haue beene verybriefe in rhe hiftorie of ^Anacardium:t he Greci¬ ans haue touched it by the name of A^p. £ov, taking the name from the likenes it hath of a haft, bothinfhapeand colour: called of the Portingals that inhabite the Eaft Indies Fauade Malaqua, that is,the Beane of Malaca: for being grecne,and as it hangeth on the tree, it refembleth a Beane, failing that it is much bigger; but when they be dry,they are of a (Bi¬ lling blackiih colour, containing betweene the outward rinde and the kernell ( which is like an almond) a certaine oile, of a fharpe caufticke or burning qualitie, called Mel anacardimm v and very venemous,although the kernel is vied in meates and fawces,as we do Oliues and fuch like to procure appetite. The other fruit groweth vpon a tree, of the bignes of a Peare tree: the leaues are much like to thofe of the Orengetree, but thicker and fatter,ofafaint grecne colour:the flowers are white confifting of many final! leaues, much like the flowers of the Cherne tree, but much doubled, without finell: after commeth the fruite, in fliape like an Hares kidney, hauing two rindes, between which is conteined a moft hot and fharpe oile, like that of ^Mnacardium, whereoficis akinde. . " The Beane or kernell it felfe is no lefleplea- fant and holfome in eating then the Piflacia , or bftickc Nut, whereof the Indians do eate with great delight, affirming that it prouoketh venerie, wherein is their chiefe felicitie. The fruite is conteined in long cods like thofe of Beanes, but grea¬ ter tncerevnto which cods commeth foorthanexcrefcencelikevmoanapple, veryyellowe, of a good fmellj ipungious within ,and full of iuicej without any (cedes, ftoncs, or graines at all, fome- what (weete in tafte j at the one ende narrower then the other, Peare fafhion^or like a little bottle, which hath beene reputed offome for the fruite, but not rightly; for it is rather an excrefcence, as is theOke Apple. & The place. Thefe haue beene founde vpon the mountaincs of Cicilia. They growe alfo in moil parts of the Eaft Indies, efpecially in Cananor, Calecute,Cambaya,and Decan. & The time. Thefe trees, flower, and flourifh winter and fommer. ie The names. Their names haue beene touched in their deferiptions. The flrftis called ^Mnacardium, the likenes it hath with a hart: of the Arabians Ealador : of the Indians Bibo. The fecond is called Odious, and thus written Caioiis, and Cairn,o{ fome Caiccus. * 7 he i$6i HISTORIC OF PLANTS. &Tbe temperature andvertues. The oileof the finite is hot and dry in the fourth degrce.it hath aifo a cauflicke or corofiue qt.ali- A tie ;,t taketh away warts, breaketh apoftumes; preuailcth againft leprie, Alopecia , and eafeth the pamcofthe tecth,being put into the hollowncs thereof. ThepeopieofMalauardovrcthefaidoilemingiedwithchalke, to matke their clothes or anie B other thing they defire tobecoloured or marked, as wedo vie chalke,oker,and redmarking Hones but their colour will not be taken foorth agane,by any manerof Art whatfoeuer a Theyalfo giue thekernclifteeped in whaie, to them that be afthmaticke or Ihort winded and C when the fruit is yet greene,they giue the fame fo ftceped againft the woormes 1 The Indians for their pleafure will ftickc the fruite vpon a theme, or Come other (harpething D and holde it in the flame of a candle,or any other flame,which there wil buttle with fuch crackings 'hatitis great pleafure to the beholders; O/fndian sIMorrice c Be!s ) and diuers other Indian fruits. Qhap.151. I Lsihouay Theuett. Indian MorriccBcIs. 2 Frucim H/guero. Indian Morofco Bels. . # The defeription. 1 ' I » ru,t groweth vpon a great tree,of the bignes of a Peare tree;ful of branches^arnifhcd 1 with many lcaues 5 which arealwaies greene,three or fower fingers long,and in bredrh two; when the branches be cut off, there iffucth a milkie iuice, not inferior to the fruite in his cnemous qualicie. The trunkc or body iscoucred with a grayifh barke 5 the timber is white and Toft, i ; 6 t THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE foftjiiot fir to make fire of,much lefic for any other vfe; for being cut and put to the fire to burne,ic yeekh forth fuch a loth fome &l horrible ftinke,that neither man nor beaft is able to endure it: wher- fore the Indians haue no vie thereof, butonclyof thefruite, whichinlhapeis like the Greeke let ter a, of the bi'gnes of a Cheftnut,and couered with a moft hard fhell, wherein is contcined a ker- nell of a moft venemous and poifonfomc qualitie,wherwith the men being angry with their wiues, do poison them, and likewife the women their husbands : iheylikcwife^vfeto diporannointand emienome their airowes therewith,themorefpeedily to difpatch their cnimies. Which kemell they take forth with fomeconuenientinftrument,Ieauingthe ihiell as whole as may be,not touching the kernel! with their hands,bicaufe of the venemous qualitie, which woulde fpoile their handes, and fomedme take away their life alfo: in which ffyels, they put fome little ftones, and tie them vpon firings,as you may percciue by the figure,which they dry in the funne,and after tie them about their legs (as we do bels)to fet foorth their dances, and Morofco Matachinaes, wherein they take great pleafure, byrealonthey thinkethemfelues to excell in thole kinde of dancesj which ratling found doth much delight them, bicaule it fetteth foorth the diftin&ion of founds, for they tune them, and trsixe them with great ones, and little ones,in fuch fort,as we do chimes or bels. 1 2 There is aifo another fort heerof, differing onely in forme,they are of the like venemous quality, and vfed for the lame purpofes. & The place. Thefedo growe in moft parts of the Weft Indies, efpecially in fome ofthe Hands of the Canh bals,w'ho vfe them in their dances,more then any of the other Indians. # The time. % We haue no certainc knowledge of the time of flowring or bringing the fruite to maturitie. •fr T be fiames an A vfe. We haue fufficien tly fpokenof the names and vie heerof, therefore what hath beene (aide may fuffice. I; Of the vomiting andpurging t Tftices vomica. Vomiting Nuts. 2 Trucespurgantes, PurgingNuts* *7b J HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft The defeription. 1 A y' tcen ail< ^ $ c rapio make Nux vomica, and T^ux Methel to be one , whereabout there hath beene much cauilling 5 yet the cafe is plaine,ifthe text be true, that the Thorne apple is NjixMethel.O f the tree that beareth the fruite,that is called in (hops Nux vomica, and T^jix Methel,we. haue no certaine knowledge : fome are of opinion, that the fruit is the rcote of aa herbe, and not the Nut of a tree :and therefore fince the cafe among thelearnediefteth doubtful 1 , we Ieaue the reft that might be (aide to a further consideration. The fruit is rounde,flat, like a little cake,of a ruffe t ouerworne colour,fat and firme, in tafte fweete,and of fuch an oilie fubftance, that it is not poffible to ftampe it in a rnorter to powder*, but when it is to be vfed, it muft be grated, or feraped with fome inftrument for that purpofe. 2 There be certaine Nuts brought from the Indies, called Purging Nuts,of their qualitic in purging groffe, and fiithie humours, for want of good inftru<ftion from thofe that haue tra- uelled the Indies, weean writenothing of therreeicfelfe: the Nut is fomewhatlong, ouailorm fhape like an egge,of a browne colour; within the Shell is concerned a kernell,in tafte Iweete,and of a purging facultie. ‘ ft Theplace and time . TnefeNuts do grow in the defarts of Arabia, and in fome places of the eaft Indies; we haue no certaine knowledge of their Springing,-or time ofmaturitie. •A The temperature, Atticen affirmeth the Vomiting Nut to be of a poifonous qualitie; colde in the fourth degree,ha- uing a ftupifying nature,and bringeth deadly fleepc. ft! he vertues. Of the Phificall vertues of the vomiting Nuts, we thinkeitnot neceffarieto write, bicaufe the A danger is great,and not to be giuen inwardly, but mixed with other compositions, and that verie curioufly by the hands of a faithfull Apothecarie. The powder of the N ut mixed with fome fleSh, and caft vnto Crowes & other rauenous foules, B doth kill,or fo dull their fences at the leaft,that you may take them with your hands. They make alfo an excellent feller, mixed with fome rneate or butter, and laide in the gardenC where cats vfe to Scrape to burie their excrements, fpoiling both the herbes and alfbfeedes newc fowen. Of diuenforts offndiay fruits . Chap, 150. ft The kitides. r T < Hefe fruits are of diuers forts and kinds, whereof we haue little knowledge, more then the fruitg themfelues,with the names offome of them: therefore it Shall fuffice tofetfoorth vnto your viewe the forme onely, Ieauing vnto time, and thofe that fhall fucceede, to write of them at large., which in time may know that, that in this time of in infancie is vnknowne. B ere firms fruffur. T Hetwolowermoft of thefc 4. fruits called Bcretintufruftus, inthefefigures,are thofe thac fome of the Indians do paie vnto their king for tribute,as we do money, by the relation of Sir Trances Drake, who brought them into England^ which in forme referable the Bezoar ftone. THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE V&rtjfruczui 'peregrine. Diners ftrange Indian fruits. Beretinm fiucim. Fadeem genera fruEitmm peree rinorm. Eleuen forts of grange fruitsf HIST OR I E I Cocci Orientdes. Scarlet Tufts of the Eaft* OF PLANTS. 1365 2 Cuciopkorx. Baftardlndian Nuts. 3 Fagaras,Cubeb£&ButU' Coculus Indie,Cubebes,and Beanes of Tolu. ik The description. 1 There is brought from the Eaft Indies acertaine Tuft that groweth vpon trees, euen as do the double flowers of the wilde Pomegranate called Balauftia , of a moft faire Scarlet colour. Of the vfe either for phifieke or chirurgerie, we haue no certain knowledge. 2 Wehauereceiued from the Weft In¬ dies a certaine fruit like vnto that Cocw, which we call Indian Nuts , whereof we haue written apart: it diifcreth from thole elpecially in this pointy thatthe husk heer- of hath not any hempe or flaxe wherewith to make failes or other things, but is as it were the huske of a Walnut, inclolinga mifhapen nut: the kernell whereof is no¬ thing pleafant to be eaten. Tttt 1 Of THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 1356 Of Sun dewffouth mortar Rqs Solis. Chap. 155 . 2, Ros Solis minor. Lilde Sun deaw. ? ik The defiripfrn. 1 ffi Vndeaw'is a little herbe,and groweth very lowe, it hath a few leaues landing vpon (lender Hems,very fmall,(bmething round, a little hollow,and like an eare picker,hairie and reddifh asbealibthe ftems, hauingdeaw and moyfture vppn them at the dried time of theyeere, and when the funne fhineth hotted euenat highnoone^andamoneth after there (pringvp little dalkesjafiandbredthhigh, on which ftand fmall whitift} flowers : the rootes are very (lender and like veto foaires. 2 The fecond kinde is like vnto the former in leaues, ftalks 3 and flowers ,but much leffer, wherein confifteth the difference. , k The place. They growe in defart, fandie,,and funnie places, but yet waterie, and feldome other where than among the white marrifh Mo fie which groweth on the ground and alfo vpon bogs. it The time* Sunne deaw flouriflieth in (bmmer,it flowreth in Mayor June: it is to be gathered when the wea« ther is moft drie and calme. The diftilled water heerof that is drawee foorth with a gladeScill^s of a glittering yellow colour like goldc., and coloureth filuer put therein, like goide. k The names* It is called of the Latines Ros Solis: of diners Rorella : it is named of others SalfiRofe, of the deaw which hangeth vpon it, when the (untie is at the hotteft : it is called in high Dutch and and £g)ttlDa&t in low Dutch LoopiCljfCritftjwhich inEnglifh fignifteth Luft woort,bicau(e Cheep® and other cartel!, if they do but onely tafte of it, are prouoked to luft. It is called in Englifh Sunne deaw,Ros Solis,Youth woort : in the North parts Red rot, bicaufe it rotteth fheepe, and in Yorke- fhire Moore grade. fi The temperature. It is a fearing or caufticke herbe,and very much biting; being hot and drie in the fourth degree. k The venues. A The leaues being damped with fait do exulcerate and raife bIifters,to what paitof the body (be¬ lter they be applied. X Ros Solis mas or* Great Sun deaw B The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1357 The later Phifitions bane thought this herbe to be a rare and Angular remedieforal! thofe that A be inaconfumptionof the lungs, andefpecially the diftilled water thereof: for as the hei be doth keepe and hold faft the moifture and dew,and fo faft, that the extreme drying heate of the fun can not confume and wafte away the fame j folikewifcmenthoughtthathcerwith thenaturalland liuely heate in mens bodies is preferued and cherifhed. But the vie thereof doth othcrwife teach, and reafon fheweth the contrarie: for feeing it is an extreme biting herbc,and that the diftilled wa¬ ter is not altogither without this bi ting quaiitie,it cannot be taken with faietie:for it hath aJfo been obferued,that they hauefooner penflaed that vied the diftilled water heereof, then thofe that ab- ftained from it,and haue followed the right and ordinary courfe of diet. Cattle of the female kinde are ftirred vp to luft by eating euen of a (mail quantitie: which thing B hath greatly increafed their vaine opinion,without fence or reafon; for it doth not moouenor pro- uoke cattle to luft, for that it incrcafeth theftibftanceof the feede, butbicaufe thorow hislharpe and biting qualitie it ftirieth vp a defire of luft,which before was dulled,and as it were afleepe. Itftrengthneth and nourilTieth the body, efpeciallyil it be diftilled with wine, and that liquor C made thereof which the common people do call Rofa Solis. Ifanybedefnousto haue thefaide drinke effedtuall for the purpofes aforefaid, let them lay the D Jeaues of Rofafolisinthefpiritof wine,addingtheretoCinnamom,ClouesjMaces,Ginger,Nut¬ megs,Sugar,and a fewe grains of Muske, fuffering it fo to ftand in a giafte clofe ftopt from the aire, and fet in the funne by the lpace of ten daies more: then ftraine the fame,an d keepe it for your vfc. ' y ■ . *i ■ ■ / !’ 1 Of the Alarrifh JVhortes , or Fen berries . (fbap>if6. & The defer ipt ion. T He Marrifh VVhortle berries growevpon the bogs, marrifhj ormoorifh groundes, creeping thereupon like vnto wilde Time, hailing many fmali limmerand tender (bikes, laidealmcft flat vpon the grounds , belec with frnall narrow leaues, fafhioncdalmoft like the leaues of Thy me,but lefter, among which come fooith little berries, like vnto the common blacke Whortle betrie in flhape, but fbmewhat longer 5 fometiines all red; and fonr time's fpot- ted or (pecked with red ipots, of a deeper co¬ lour jin tafte rough and aftringent. 'I The place. The Marrifh Whortle groweth vpon bogs and fuch like waterifh and Fennie places, espe¬ cially in Chefhire, and StafFordfhire, where I haue found it in great pientie. ft The time. The berries are ripe about the end of Iulie, and in Auguft. & The names. They are called in high Dutch OCCUbcfuil * that is tofaie Fen grapes, or Feu berries,and Marrifh Whortes, or Marrifn ber¬ ries: Valerius Cardm nameth them Oxycoccon : we haue called them Vaccinia patu(lria,ox Mar- rifli Whortle berries, of theiikenes they haue to the other berries. Tttt z Vaccinia palnfria. Marrifh Whortes. 7 he ij8 <S THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it The temperature . Thefe Whortle berries are colde and drie,hauing withall a certaine thinnelle of partes and fub- ftance,which haue notwithftanding a certaine binding qualitie ioyned. it The 'vertues. A They take away the heate of burning agues, and alfo the drought, they quench the furious heate ofcholer, they ftay vomiting, reftore an appetite to meate, which was loft by reafon of cholericke and corrupt humors,and are good againft the peftilent dileales. tr The iuice of thefe alfo is boyled till it be thicke with fugar added that it may be kept, which is good for all things that the berries are,yea and far better. Of Cloud’-berrie. Cbap.\<, 6 . it Thedefcription. T He Cloud berrie hath many ftnall thred- die rootes,creeping far abroad vnder the vpper cruft of the earth, (and alfo the Mofle)like vnto Couch grade,ofan ouerworne reddifh colour, let here and there with fmall tufts of hairie firings: from which rife vp two fmall ftalkes, harde, tough, and of a woodie f’bftance (neuer mo nor lefle) on which doe ftande the leaues like thole of the wildeMal' low,and of the lame colour, full of fmall nerues or fir.ewes running in each part of the lame •* betweene the leaues commeth foorth a ftalke likewifeof a woodie fubftance, whereon doth growe a fmall flower confiftingof flue leaues, of .an herbie or yellowilh greene colour, like thofe of the wilde Auens : after com¬ meth the fruit, greene at thefirft, after yellow, andthelides next the funne red when they be ripe; in forme almoft like vnto a little hart,made as itwereoftwo, but is no more but one; open aboue,and doled togither in the bottome,of a harfh or fharpe tafte, wherein is contained three or fower little white feedes. it The place* This plant groweth naturally vpon the tops of two high mountaines (among the moffie places) one in Yorkfhire called Ingleborough, the other in Lancafhire called Pendle, two of the higheft mountaines in all England,where the cloudes are lower than the tops of the fame all winter long, whereupon the people of thecountrie haue called them Cloud berries, found thereby a curious gentleman in the knowledge ofplants, called Mailer Hcsketh often remembred. it The time. The leaues Ipring vp in May,at which time alfo it flowreth: the fruit is ripe in Iuly. it The temperature. The fruit is cold and drie,and very aftringent. itThevertues. C The fruit quencheth thirft, cooleth the ftomacke, and alaieth inflammations being eaten as Whortes are,or the deco&ion made and drunke. Vaccinia nubis. Cloudberries. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 13 69 \ * ' Of t^Kfoffe of trees. Chap, 15 6 , it Tbe kitties. T Here be diucrs kindesof Mottes, and thofe differing for the mott part in their natiueplaces; fome groweandare fattened to trees, others fpring from the (iiperficiall or vppermottparcof the earth; there be others alfo that growe in the fca. Mu fern quernue. The Motte of the Oke and ofother trees it 7he description* Rce Motte hath certaine things like baires, tnadevp as it were of a multitude of (lender leaues 3 nc\v and then all to be iagged,hackt 3 and finely earned, twitted and interlaced one in another, which cleauc faft to the barks of trees, hanging downe from the bodies: one of this kind is more (lender and thin,, another more thicke, an other fborter,another longer jail of them for the mod being of a vvhitim colour, yet oftentimes there is a certaine one alfo which is blackc, but leffer and thinner : the moft commendable of them all,as plinie faith.be thofe that are whitifh, then thereddifn,and laftlyftich as be blacks. i. 7 he place. This Motte is found on the Oke tree, the white and blacke Poplar tree, the Gliue nee, the Birch tree, the Apple tree,the Peare tree,the Pine tree, the wilde Pine tree, the Pitch tree, the Firre tree, the Cedar tree, the Larch tree, nr. don a great fort ofother trees„Thebeft,as Diojcorides faith, is that ofthe Cedar tree,the next of the PopIar,in which kinde the white and the fweete fmelling Motte is the chiefett j the blackifh fort is of no account Mathtolm writeth , that in Iralie that Motte is Iweete which gr aweth on the Pine tree, the Pitch tree, the Firre tree, and the Larch tree*, and the fweeteft that of the Larch tree. it 7he time. Motte vpon the trees continued! all the yeere Ion?. it The names. Icis called of the Grecians . of theLatines Mu few mthe Arabians and the Apothecaries call i tVfma: in high Dutch X in low Dutch Of fci.Clj £ the French men bu Moujch : the Ita¬ lians Mufgo : in Spanifh CAlufco de los ar holes : in Englifh Motte, tree Motte,or Motte of trees. it The temperature. Motte is fome thing colde and binding, which notvvithftanding ismoreandlettc, accordingto the nature and facukieof thattreeon which it groweth, andefpcciallyof his barkc : forittaketh to it felfe and alfo retaineth a certaine propertie of that barkc, as of his breeder of w hich he is ingendred: therefore the Motte which Commethof the Oke doth coole and very much binde, befides his owme and proper facuitie, it receiucth alfo the extreme binding qualitie of the Oke barke it felfe. The Motte which commethof the Cedar tree, the Pine tree, the Pitch tree, the Firre tree, the Larch teee, and generally all the Rofm trees are binding, and do moreoucr digeft and foften. 11 r t - 3 it 1 he ■ if 7 ° THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE ft Thevertues. A Seraph faith, that the wine in which Moffe hath beene fteeped certaine daies, bringcth found fleepe, ftrcngthcneth the ftomacke,ftaieth vomiting,and floppeth the belly. B Diofcorides writeth, that the decodtion of Moffe is good for women to fit in, that are troubled with the whites; it is mixed with the oyle of Ben,and with oyles to thicken them withall. C It is fit to be vfed in eompofitions which feme for fweet perfumes, and that take away wearifom- neflcj for which things that is beft of all which is moft fweete offmell. 0/9 round ^Tvfojje. Chappy, ft The kindss. Here groweth alfo on the fuperficiall or vppermoft part of the earth diners Mofies,as alfo vpon rocks and ftonie places,and marrifh grounds, differing in forme not a little. 2 Mufcuitsrrefirii fco^Ariw. Becfome ground Moffe. ft The defer ipticn. 1 F “ a T^ He common Moffe groweth vpon the earth, andthebottomeof olde and ancient trees, 1 but efpecialfy vpon fuch as growe in fhadowie woods,and alfo at the bottome offhadowie hedges and ditches, and fuch like places: it is very well knowen by the foftnes and length thereof, being a Moffe m r 'ftcommon,and therefore needeth not any further defcripdon. 2 Beefome Moffe which feldome or neuer is found but in bogs and marrifh places, yet fomtimcs hauelfoundit in fhadowie dne ditches where the funne neuer fhewcth his face 5 it groweth vp halfe a cubite high; euery particular leafe confiffingof an innumerable fort of hairie thredsfet vpon a middle rib, of a fhining blacke colour like that of Englifh Maiden haire, or the Capillare Moffe ^Adianthum aureum^\\QXQo{ it is a kinde. 3 Mu fcm. HlSTORlE OF PLANTS. 1371 3 {JMufcus capilla risfiuc Adi ant hum aureum. Goidilocks,or Golden Maiden haire Mode. 4 Mufeta cap ill iris minor. Little Golde locks. •klhe defcript'wn. 3 This kindc of Mode called Mufcus capillaris , is feldome found but vpon bogs and tnooridi pla¬ ces, and alto in feme fhadovvie drie ditches where the funuedoth not come. I found it in great abundance in a fhaejowie ditch vpon the left hand neere vnto a gate that leadeth from Hampftccd heath toward Highgare, which place I haue fhewed vnto diuers expertchirurgions of London, in our wandering abroad for our further knowledge in dimples, This kinde of MofTe,the (talks where¬ of are not abot.c one handful! high, couered with Aiort haires Handing-very thicke togither, of an obfeure yellow grecne colour; out of which ftalkes fpring vp fometimes very fine naked ftems fomwhat black,vpon the tops of which hang as it were little graineslike wheate corncs.-therootes are very flendcr,and maructious fine. 4 Of this there is alio another kind ’ nTppgither lefler and lower. This kinde of Mode groweth in moyft places alfo ,commonly in nice mo.file and rotten trees 5 likewife vpon rocks, and oftentimes in the drinks and cranies of ftonewals. ... 5 There is oftentimes found in the fhadowie places of rough and ftonic mountaines, a kinde of Mode hauinn many (lender branches, which dimde rhemfeldes into other (mailer branchesrwhere- w X J on are placed confu-fedly very many fmall threds like haires,of a brovvne colour: the roote groweth hard vnto the (tones like vnto Sea Coralline. 6 , This other kinde of branched Moffo in ftalkes and leaucs is like the precedent: vpon theendes of the tender branches commeth foorth a 3 flower, ir.fhapeiike vnto a little buckler, orholiowe Mufti rom,of a whirifn colour tending to yeilownefle, andgarniAied with the like leaues of thofe vpon the lower branches. Of this Mode, there is another kiqde,which VObeltta in his learned obferuations hath (et forth vnder the tide of '(spiufcta tyxidatos ,which I haue englifhed Cup Mode,or Chalice Mode 5 it grow¬ eth ip the mod barren,drie,and grandly ditch banks, creeping flat vpon the ground like vnto Liner woott,biito( ayenowifh white colour: among which leaues dart vp here and there certaine little things, fafhioned like a little cup called a Beaker or Chalice, and of the fame colour and fubftance . . , Tttt 4 of 137 2 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE of the lower leaues, whioli vndoubtedly may be taken for the dowers: the powder of which Mode ginen to children in any liquor for certaine daics togither, is a moft certaine remedie againft that perilous maladie called the Chin cough. 5 Mufcui ramofut. Branched Mode, 7 Mufim Filicinui. Mode Feme. 6 Mufcus ramojiu jioridm. Flo wring branched Mode. 8 c MufcmcornicuUtus. Horned or knagged Mode. The deferiptton. 7 There is like wife found in the fhadowie places of high mountaines,and at the foote of olde and rotten trees,-? certaine kinde of Mode in face and fhevv not vnlike to that kinde of oke feme, called Dryopteris. It creepethvpon the ground, hailing diners long branches, condfting of manyfmall leaues,euery particular leafs made vp of fundre little leaues, fet vpon a middle rib, one oppodte to another. 8 There is found vpon the tops of our mod barren mountains,but cfpccially where Seacoles are accudomed to be digged, done to make iron of, and alfo where oare is gotten for tinne and lead, it rife th foorth of the ground with many bare and naked branchcs,diuiding themfelues at the top in- todmdrie knags, like the forked homes of a Deere,euery part whereof is of an ouerworne whitifh colour. $ Mufcui HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1373 p Mujce denticulate. Toothed Mode. 1 o Mu {cm minor denticulate. Little toothed Mode. it The defcription. $ There is found creeping vpon the ground a certaine kinde of Mode at the bottome of Heath and Ling, and fuch like budies growing vpon barren mountaines, confiding as it were of dales made vp into a long rope or corde, difperfing it felfe farre abroad into fun dry branches, thruding out heere and there certaine rootes like threds, which take holde vpon the vpper cruft of the earth, whereby it is fent and dilperfed farre abroade .* the whole plant is of a yeilowifh greene colour. 10 This other kinde of Mode is founde in the like places: it ado difperfeth it felfe farre abroade, and is altogither lefier then the precedent,wherein confideth the difference. 11 There is likewife another kinde of Mode, which I hauc not elfe where found then vpon Ham- dead Heath,neere vnio a little cottage.growing clofevpon the ground among bullies and brakes, which I haue ("hewed vnto diuers Chirurgions of London , that haue walked thither with me for their further knowledge in Simples; who haue gathered this kinde of iMode, whereof fome haue made them hat bands, girdles, andalfobands to tie fuch things as they had before gathered, for the which purpofe it mod fitly ferued:fome peeces w'hereof are fixeor eight foote long, confiding as it were of many hairie Ieaues, fet vpon a tough dring, very elefe couched and compact togither, from which is alfo fent foorth certaine other branches like th^ firft; in fun dry places there be fent downe fine little firings,which feme in deede of rootes,wherewith it is fadned to the vpper part of the earth,and taketh holde likewife vpon fuch things as growe next vnto it.Therc fpring alfo from the branches bare or naked dalkes, on which grow'C certaine eares, asitwerelikethecarkines or blowings ofthe Hafell tree, in fhape like a little club,or the read Mace,fauing that it is much leder, and of a yeilowifh white colour,very well refembling the clawe of a Wcolfe, whereof it tooke his name ; which knobby catkins are altogither barren,and bring foorth neither feede nor flower. 12 This kinde of Mode is found vpoil the fcull or bare fealpes of men and women, lying long in charnell 1^74 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE charneil houfes,and other places where the bones ofmen are kept togither: it groweth very thicke 3 vvhite 3 like vnto the fhoitMoffe vpon the trunkes ofolde Okes: it is thought to be a, Angular reme- dieagainftthc falling euill 3 and the Chmcough in children if it be powdered., and then giuen in fweete wine 3 for certaine daies togither. II Mufcm clauatus,JIue Lycopodium. I 2 Mufcm ex cranio huma.no. Club Mode 3 or VVoolfe claw Moffc. Mode growing vpon the fcull of a man. A? The place. Their feuerali defcriptions let foorth their naturall places of growing. •fr The time. They flourifh dpecially in the fbmmer moneths, A The names. Goldilocke is called in high Dutch OTtetO&G g0!tMt OTtDertCMj Tung jftiaUUTn flitt ? in low Dutch ^liStSCU tltHleUEriilOOtJ Fuchfimmvtitth \i Pol) trichon, and thougbtit robe Polytri¬ chon Apuleij, or ^Apuleim his Maiden haire, neuerthelefie ^yfpuleiuahis Maiden haireis nothing elfe but Diofcorides 7richornanes , called Englifh Maiden haire 3 and for that caufe we had rather it fhouldbe termed Mufcm capillaris, or Haire Mode: this is called in Englifh GoldiiockesPoiytri- chon I would rather call it Golddockes, leauingout P olytrichon: it might alfo be termed Golden Moffe ? or Hairie Mode. Woolles clawe is called of diners Herbarifts in our age Mufcmterreflris: in high Dutch Iap> ^urtclkrauf, saJCiIfTSUt: inlowe Dutch Chll&Cm whereupon we firffc named it Lycopod'ton ,and Pes Lupi •* in Englifh Woolfes foote 3 or Woolfes clawe, and Iikewife Club Mode: moll fhops do faifely terme it Spica Celtic a: but they do woorfe, and are very much to blame that vfe it in compound medicines in fleede of 'Spica celt tea , or French Spicknard: as touching the reft, they are diffidently fpoken of in their feuerali defcriptions. The temperature. Thefe Modes ofthe earth are drie and adringenr 3 of a binding qualitie 3 without any heate ot colde. Guldilockes and the Woolfes clawes are dry 3 and temperate in heate and colde. Ht 1 he 1 375 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. ft 7 he vertues. The Arabian Phifitians do put Mode among their cordiall medicines 3 as fortifying the domack, A to day vomite,and to dop the laske. Mofle boiled in wine ana drunke 3 ftoppeth the /pitting of bloud 3 piding of bloude, the tearmes, B and bloudie flixe. Mode made into powder is good to ftanch the bleeding of greene and frefh wounds 3 and is a C great helpe vnto the cure of the fame* Woolfes claw prouoketh vrine 3 and as Hieronymta Tragic reporteth 3 vvafteth the done 3 and dri- D ueth it foorth. Being damped and boiled in wine 3 and applied, it mitigateth the paine of the gotit._ E Floting wine 3 which is now become flimie 3 is redored to his former goodnes , lfit be hanged in F the vedell 3 as the fame author tedifieth. * » Of Liuerwoort. Qhap. 158 . I Hepatica terreliris . Ground Liuerwoort. 2 Hepatic a. altera. Small Liuerwoort. ft The defer ip t ion * I T luerwoort is alfo a kindeofMoffe which fpreadeth it felfe abroad vpon the ground, hailing many vneeuen or crumpled leaues lying one ouer another, as the feales of fillies do, greene aboue,and browne vnderneath; among thefe growvp fmall fhort dalkes , fpredatthe top likeablafingdar, certaine fine little threds are fentdowne, by which itcleauethandftickethfad vpon ftones,and vpon the ground 3 and by which it liueth and flourifhetb, f i 0 ft The THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 137 6 k The defer ipt ion. 2 Thefecondkindeof Liuerwoort differeth notbutinftature, it is altogither lefler, and more fmooth or eeuen: the flowers on the tops of the (lender Items,ate not fo much laide open like a ftar, but the efpeciall difference confifteth in one chiefe point, that is to fay, thiskinde being planted in a pot and fetin the garden abouethegrounde 5 notwithftanding it (pitteth or caftethroundc about the place great (lore of the fame plant,where neuer any did grow before. 3 Heputica. petraa. Stone Liuerwoort. k The defeription. 3 This is found vpon rockcs andftoniepla¬ ces, as well neere vnto the fea, as further in¬ to the land; it groweth flat vpon the (tones,and creepeth not far abroad as the groundeLiuer- woort doth, it onely refteth it (elfe in fpots and tufts, (etheere and there; of aduftieruflet co¬ lour aboue, and blackifh vnderneath: among the crumpled leaues rife vp dinersfmall (terns, whereupon do grow little ftarlike flowers,of the colour of the leaues :it is often found at the bot- tomcof high trees 3 growing vpon high 11101m- taines 3 e(pecialiy in (Tiadowie places. k The place. This is often foundein fhadowie andmoift places 3 cn rockes and great (tones laide by the high way, and in other common pathes. where the funne beames do (eldomc come 3 and where no traueller frequenteth. it The time. It bringeth foorth his blazing (tars and leaues oftentimes in lune and July. it The names. It is called of the Grecians of the La¬ tins Lichen : and of fome Bpv'ov, that is to (aie, Mufetu, or Mode, as Diofcorides witnedeth: it is named in (hops Hepatica , yet arc there alfoma- nie other herbes named Hepatica , or Liuer- woorts,for difference whereof this may ficly be called Hepaticapctraa, Or done Liuerwoort, ha¬ iling taken that name from the Germaines, who call this Liuerwoort ILchCfftf 8tlt X and in low Dutch &tZtn ££U6tCCUPt X this is commonly called in Englifh Liuerwoort. ' ‘ it The tempera ture. This (lone Liuerwoort is of temperature colde and dry,and (oirsthing binding. it The vertices. ^ It is Angular good againd the inflammations of tneliuer, hotand fharpe agues, and tertians which procccde ofcholer. 2^ Diofcorides teacheth,that Liuerwoort being applied to the place,ftancheth bleeding,taketh away all inflammations; and that it is good for a tenter or ringwoorme, called in GrcekeA^r: and that it is a remedie for them that haue the yellow iaundife, euen that which commeth by the inflammati¬ on of the Liner ;and that furthermore itquencheththe inflammations of thetoong. Of HISTORIE of plants. *377 Of Lungwoort/jr woocic Liuemoort,and Oiftergreene. Qhap. 159 . I Lichen arborum. TrecLungwoort. 2 Lichen Lfttarimu. Sea Lungwoortjor Oifter grecnc. The deferif tion. 1 r T*0 Liuerwoort.there is ioined Lungwoorr, which is alfo another kinde of Mofte,drier,broa- I der, and of a larger fife , and fet with feales: the leaues hecreof are greater, and diuerfly folded one in another,not fo fmooth,but more wrincklcd,rough and thick almoftlike a Fell or Hide, and tough withallj onthevpperfidewhitifh, and ontheneatherfide blackifh orduftie, it feemeth to be after a fort like to lungs or lights. 2 ThiskindeoffeaMofTe isanherbie matter, much like vnto Liuerwoort, altogitherwithout ftalke or ftem,bearing many greene leaues,very vneeuen or crumpled, and full ofwrinckles,fome- what broad,not much differing from leaues of crifpe or curled Lettuce: this groweth vpon rockes within the bowels of the fea ,but efpecially among Oiftcrs, and in greater plentie among thofe Oi¬ fters which are called VValfleete Oifters : it is very well knowne euen to the poore Oiftervfotnen which carrie Oifters to fell vp and down,and are greatly defirousofthe faid MofIe,[for the decking and beautifying of their Oifters, to make them fell the better j this Mofte they call Oifter greene. 3 There is alfo another fort of fea weedefounde vpon the drowned rockes, which are naked and bare of water, at euerie tide. This fea weede groweth vnto the rocke, faftned vnto the fame at one ende, being a foftherbie plant, very flipperie, infomuch thatitisahardemattertoftande vpon it without falling jit rampeth farre abroad, and heere and there fet with certaine puft vp tubercles or bladders, full ofwinde, which giueth a cracke when it is broken: the leafe it felfe doth fomewhat refemble the Okenleafe,whereofittooke his name the fea Oke: of fome Wrake and Crowe Gall. His vfe in Phificke hath not beene let foorth, and therefore this bare defeription may fuffice. / 3 Quercia »37* THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 3 QuerttM marinttt, 5 ea Oke,or Wrake. * Theplace. It growcth vpon the bodies of old Okes,Beech, and other wildc trees,in darke and thicke woods; it is oftentimes foundgrowingvponrockes, and a'fo in other fhadowie places. #7 he time. It fioiirifheth Specially in thefommer mo- neths. ^ The names. It taketh his name Ptilmonaria of the likenes of the forme, which it hath with lungs of light, cal¬ led in Latine Ptilmones, of fome Lichen :it is cal¬ led in high Dutch i liUgniliaUt : in low Dutch Ifisisjljrncrupc: in French Herbs a Pculmon : in Englifh Lungwooit 3 and uoode Liuervvoort. is The temperature. 1 his feemeth to be colde and drie. s? 7 hevertues. It is reported that fhepheards and certaine horlelecches, do with good (ucces gsue thepow- derheereof with fait vntotheir fheepe and other cattle whicli be troubled with the cough, and be broken winded. Lungwoort is much commended of the lear¬ ned Phifitionsofour timeagainfl the difeafes of the lungs , efpecially for the inflammations and vlcersof the fame, being brought intopovvder, ^ and drunke with water. ^ It is likewife commended for bloudy &greene wounds,and far vlcers in the fecretparts, and al¬ io to flay the teds. D Moreouer,it floppeth thebloudie flixe,and other flixes and fcourings, either vpwards or down¬ wards, efpeciailyil they preceede ofcholer; itftaieth vomiting as men faie, and it alio floppeth the belly. 7 /n. : - 1 , ■ \ ; y : .' . E Oiflcr greene fried with egges and made into a tanfle and eaten,is a Angular remedy for toflreng- then the weakenes of the backe. Of fed ojje 7 or (fortiUine . Chap. 160. The kindes. T Here be diners forts of Mofle,growing as well within the bowels of the fea, as vpon the rockes, diftingufllied vnder fundrie tides. & The defeription. 1 Mar^His kinde of Sea Mode hath many fmall llalkcs finely couered or fet oner with fmall I leauesjvcry much cut or iaggcd,euen like the leaucs ot Dill, but harde, and of a fionie fub- ftance. 2 Thefecond is much like vnto the former,but is more finely cut,and groweth more vprighr,bran¬ ching it felfe into many dilutions at the top, growing verie thicke togither,and in great quantitie, out of a peece of ftone,which is fafhioned like an hat or fmall ftonie head, whereby it is faflned vn¬ to the rocks. i Mufem I HISTORIE OF PLANTS.: 177 ? i tiiu feta mar intis foie Cor allin a alba. 2 Mufem mar inns foie Cor allin a rubra , White Coralline,otfea Mode. Red Coralline,or feaMofle. 3 Corallina Anglica. 4 Corallina minima. Englifh Coralline. The (mailed Coralline, ft The defeription. 3 Thisthirdekindeof feaMoffeis very wellknowne infhopsby thzmmz Corallina: it yeeldeth foorth a great number of fhootes,in fhape much like vntoCorall; being full of fmall branches di- _ fperfed heere and there, diuerfly varying his colour, according to the place where it is founde,be¬ ing in forne places red 5 in other fome yellow 5 and of an herbie colour in fome graic, or of an Afh colour 5 and in other fome very white. 4 The fourth kind of feaMoffe , isfomevvhat like the former, but (mailer, and not fo plentifull where it groweth,profpering alwaies vpon fheis,as of Oyftcrs,Mufcles,and Scallops, as alio vpon , rolling ftones,in the bottome of the water, which haue tumbled downe from the high cleeues and rockss; noevyithftaading the old prouerbe 5 That rolling ftones neuer gather Mode, . ' 5 Mufom 1 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE 1580 5 Mufictu Cordllimufiue Com Hi no, montxnx. CorallMode 3 or mountaine Coralline. t. s 6 Fucut marinus. Fenell Coralline,or Fenell Mode. it The definition. $ There is found vpon the rocks and mountaines of France, bordering vpon the Mediterranean lea,a ccrtaine kinde or Coralline,which in thefe parts hath not beene found: it groweth in maner like vnto a branch of Corail, butaltogither leder 3 of a (Tuning red colour, and of a ftoniefub- ftance. 6 There is alfo found vpon the rocks neere vnto Narbone in France, and not far from the lea, a kinde of Coralline*, it groweth vp to the forme of a (mail fhrub,branched diuerflyjwheron do grow ffnall grade like leaues, very finely cut or iagged,Iike vnto Feneltj yet are they of a ftonie fubftance, as are the reft of the Corallines; of a darke rud'et colour. •& Theplace. Thefe Modes grow in the fea vpon the rockes,and are oftentimes found vpon Oyfter fheIs,Mud kell fhels,and vpon (tones: I found verie great plentic thereof vnder Reculuers and Margate,in the He ofThanet 5 and in other places alongft the lands from thence vnto Douer. # The time. The time anfwereth the other Modes,and are-found at all times of the yeere. it The names. Sea Mode is called in Grceke b?i,W 9a**Vc7or: in Latine Mufictiimarinm : of the Apothecaries,Ita- lianSjandFrenchmen’Cor^/^-'inSpanifh Malharquiana yerua: in high Dutch in low Dutch Cl^Ofcijt Englifh fea Mode,and of many Corallina,after the Apothecaries word 3 and it may be called Corail Mode. The sides fhall didinguifh the other kinds. • t The temperature. Corallina confifteth as Galen faith,of an earthie and waterifh edence,bcth of them colde: for by his tafte it bindeth, and being applied to any hot infinrsitie, it alfo euidently ccoleth: the earthie cilqnce of this Mode hath in it alio a ccrtaine falcneslay reafon whereof likewife it drieth mightily. it The * IHI.STO RI£v OF P L ANT S. ■?. H 1 1381 ft 7 he vcrtues. Diofcoridesc ommcndcth it to be gpod farthe gbtt£,which hath neede to be cooled. The later Phifitions haue founde by experience, that it killethwormcs in the belly 5 it isgiuen againlfciheretochildrehanthewaigbtofadramprtbarjeaboiiics. .. : r i : ; id . : s' That whrdreleaueth to Corrall, arid is 06a reddifftcolowbdkhfmoftiiaeflirieferred and taken C for the beft: they count that which is whitifh, to be the woorfet,. Notwithltariding in the French . 1 Ocean, the Britainc, thelowecountrey, or elfe in the Germaine Ocean fea, there is fcarcefounde any other then the whitilh Coralline 3 which the nations ncerc adioining do effectually vie. i , ) ZDfforrall. •W'vV'.fcV.V V : ?• I ! I fj i" Oo oji. 1 v v* ft Thektndes . * .* 1 1 l •! ; . . : .. "J I J - - i w'i'.i HOm. ( ..M.a)jV >1* t. • • • * » » * . U UOiUiv-> ^ f * ^ ft 7 he deferiptton. 1 A Lthough Corrall be a matter or fubftance, euen as hard as ftones;yet I thinke it not amifle . to place and infert it here next vnto the Mofles, and the rather for that the kindes thereof dofhcwthetnfelues,as well in the manner of their growing 3 as in their place and forme, like vnto the Mofles. This later age wherein we liue 3 hath found moe kinds heereof then euer were knowne or mentioned among the old authors. Some of thefe Corrals growe in thelikenes of a . fhrubjOr ftonie matter pothers in a ftraight forme, with crags and ioints , fuch as we fee by experi¬ ence : the which for that they are Co well knowne, and in fuch requeft for Phificke,I will not flande todeferibe jonely this remember^ that there is fome Corrall of a pale yellowe colour , as there be fome red andfome white. Vvvv 1 ft The < C 3 THE THIRD BOOKEiOF THE .W&VW\i AV 'k •kThc defeription. • : H 3 SL •' : .Vi:.. '..". • ' i V .. .•ui3 :i. Jii. - riiis" ? < ■ ; .-j> v nuol ;-:.icrfen.i 1 jaj,.; r. 2 The black Corrall groweth vpon the rocks neere to the fe a about Maifilia 3 in fnaner of the for¬ mer ;:heerin differing from it 3 inthatthis is ©fa fhining blacke colour 7 5 andveryfaioorh 3 growing vpratherh'kcatree,thenlikeaflirub. doidw . .■ : ASCI : :,0 Sniv 3; T Hi • :o SrAolttflj f ’j. ' ; y - v'i : .azy ^ HV'.b.'.; W .'li : bill’* , CT:’. !^Iob> ffibld i'. . : ± " 3 Cor allium album. White Corrall. , N • i i 4 Cor allium luteum. - • ‘ v0 -Velio w Corrall. .M>.V . ik The deft ration. ‘ / V - , 3 The white Corrall is like vnto the former, growing vpon the rocks neere the lea,and in the weft parts ofEngland,about Saint xMichaels mount;but the branches heerofare (mailer,and more brit- de 5 finelier difperfed into a number of branches,ofa white colour. 4 The fourth and laft groweth alfb vpon the wefterne rockes of the fea,and in the place aforena- med 3 and varierh his colour, fomtimes waxing white,fometimes yellow 3 and fomtimes red. 5 There is found growing Vpon the rocks neere vnto the fea, a certaine matter wrought togither, of the forme or froth of the lea, which we call fpunges 3 after the Latine name, which may very fit¬ ly be inlerted among the fea Moffes,whereof to write at large wouldcgreatly increafe our volume, and little profite the Reader.confidering we haften to an end, and alfb that the vfe is fo wel knownc vnto all: therefore theleiewe lines may ferue vntill a further consideration,or a fecond Edition. t ; • i : 5 Spoftgti HISTORIE OF PLANTS 5 Spongia mar in a alba* White Spunge. 6 Spongia marinaJlaua, Yellow - jrno? m t vL\v>\n:v 'i3'1?0 yf!3 The place of their growing is fufficiently fpoken ofin their feuerall deferiptions. & The time. The time anfwereth the other kindes of the iea Mofles. ie 7 he names. Cor allium rub rum, is called in Englifh red Corrall. Cor allium nigrum , blacke Corrall. Corallin.t alba, white Corralline: Cor Alima. rubens,xc<\ Corralline. it The temperature. Corrallbindetn, and meanelycooleth: it clenfeth the fears and Ipots of theeies, and isverie effeduall again!! the ifflies of bloud^and eafeth the difficultie of making water* i? The vertues. Corrall drunke in wine or water,preferueth from the fpleene; and fome hang it about the necks of fuch as haue Morbum comitialcm ; and it is giuen in drinke lor the fame purpofe. It is a foueraigne remedie to drie, to flop , and (laieall ifflies of bioud whatfocuer in man or wo¬ man,and the dyfenterie. Burned Corral! drieth more then when it is vnburned, and being giuen to drinke in water,it A helpeth the gripings of the bellie,and the griefes of the ftone in the bladder. Corral! drunke in wine,prouoketh fleepc: but if the patient haue an ague, then it is with better B fucceffe miniftred in water,for the Corrall cooleth, and the water moiftneth the body, byreafon whereof it reftraineth the burningheate in agues, andreprcfleth the vapours that hinder fleepe. Vyyy 2 Of 1384 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE Of ^7\'fuf!orumsfir Toadjlooles. Chap.\6z. \'J " ' • « r. ;•? , ‘fyThekindes. Q Ome Mufhrums growefoorth of the earth; other vpon the bodies of old trees, which differ al- togither in kindes. Many wantons that dwell neere the fea, and hauefifh at will , are very defi- rous for change of diet to feede vpon the birds of the mountaines; andfuehas dwell vpon the hils or champion grounds,do long after feafifb jmany that bane plenty of both, doe hunger after theearthieexcrefcences, called Mufhrums: whereof fbrrie are very venemous. and full of poifon; others not fo noifome; and neither of them very wholefbme meate: wherefore for the auoiding of the venemous qualitie of the one, and that the other which is lefTe venemous may be difeerned from ic 5 1 haue thought good to fet foorth their pi&ures with their names and places of growing. 1 Fungi vulgttipmi efculenti. Common Mufhrums,to be eaten. 2 Fungi lethales. Poilonous or deadly Mufhrums. fc The defeription. 1 Round Mufhrums grow vp in one night, (landing vpon a thicke and rounde ffcalke 3 like vn- fjpto a broad hat or buckler, of a very white colour vntill it begin to wither, at what time it lofeth his faire white, decliningtoyellownes: the lower fide is (bmewhat hollow, fet or decked with fine gutters,drawne along from the middle center to the circumference or round edge of the brim, 2 All Mufhrums arc without pith,rib,or vaine: they differ not a little in bignes and colour, fbme are great,and like a broad brimmed hat 5 others (mailer, about the bignefie of a filuer coine called adoller:moftofthemareredvnderneath;fomemore, fome lefle : others little or nothing red at all: the vpperfide which beareth out, is either pale or whirifh, orelfeof an ill fauoured colour like afhes (they call it commonly Afh colour)or elfe it feemeth to be fomvvhat yellow. ft The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 1385 & The defeription. There is another kinde ofMufhrums called Fungi parui let hales galericuUti: in Englifh deadly Mufhrums,which are fafhionedlike vnto an hcod^and arc moft venemous and full ofpoifon. There is a kinde of Mu Pnrum ,caiied Fungm Clypeiformis Lth&tii, that is alfo a deadly Mufhrum, fafhioned like a little buckler. There is another kinde of Mufhrum, which is alfo mod venemous and full of poi(bn.bearing al- fo the fhape of a buckler,being called Fungm yenenatm clypeiformis in Englifh the {linking vene¬ mous Mufhrum. There is alfo another kinde of Mufhrum or Toadftoolc, growing in the moffieand fhadowie woods 3 and fuch like places, which the learned haue left vnto the difcretion of the Reader, neither allowing it for foode vnto man, nor yet profitable for any other vfc 5 wherefore I do the more briefly pafie them oucr 3 not purpofing to vfe many words about fuch fruitleffe matters. The M ufhrums or Toadftooles which grow vpon the trunks or bodies of old trees, verie much refembling Auricula lud£ > that is lewes eare, do in continuance of time growe vnto the fubftancc of wood,which the Fowlers docall Touchwood, and are for the moft halfe circuled orhalfe round, whole vpper part is fomwhat plaine, and fometime a little hollow, but the lower part is plaited or purled togither. Thiskindeof Mufhrum the Grecians do calU'o^w, and is asfullofvenomeor poilon as the former 3 efpecially thole which grow vpon the Ilex, OJiue 3 and Okc trees. There is likewife a kinde of Mufhrum called Fungm Fauaginofm, growing vpin moift and lhadowie woods 3 which is alfo venemous 3 hauinga thick and tuberous ftalke 3 an handfullhigh, ofa duskifh colour j the top whereof is compact ofmany fmall diuilions 3 likc vnto the Hony combe. There is alfo found another., fet foorth vnder the title Fungm virtlis pend urecli, which we En¬ glifh pricke Mufhrum,taken from his forme. $ The defer/ption. 3 Fungus Orbicularis or Lupi crepitus : lome do call it Lneernxruyn fungi : in Englifh Fuffo bals, Pucke Fufte,and Bu!fifts,with which in lome pla¬ ces of England they vfe to kill or fmolder their Bees, when thcywoulde driue the Hiues, and bereaue the poore Bees of their meate ; , houfes, and liues: thefe are alfo vfed in fome places where neighbours dwell farre a funder, to carrie and re- ferue fire from place to place, whereof it tooke the name Luternaywnfungi: in forme they are very round, flicking & cleauing vnto the ground, without any ftalks or ftems j at the firft white, but afterwarde of a dwskifh colour, hauing no hole or breach in them , whereby a man may fee inro them, which being troden vpon do breath foorth ameftthinne and fine powder, like vnto fmoke, verv noifome^ind hurtfull vnto the eies ,caufinn a kinde of blindnespvhich is called Poor-blindc,or Sand-blinde. There is another kinde of Fungm, or Mufhrum, which groweth in moift medowes, and by ditch fides,ftueorlixeincheshigh , coueredouer with a skin like a pcece of flieepes leather, of a ruffet colour, which being taken away there appeereth a long and white ftumpe, in forme not much vn- like to an handle, mentioned in the title, or like vnto the white and tender ftalke of Aron, but greater: this kinde is alfo full of venome and poifon. Vvvv 3 3 Tuber a terra. Fufle bals,orPuckfifts. #7 he 1386 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE •& The defer ipt ion. There is Iikewife a kinde of Mufhrum 3 with a certaine round excreCcence growing within the earthjvnder thevpper cruft orface of the fame, in drie and grandly grounds in Pannonia and the Prouinces adioining,which do caufe the ground to fwell 3 and be full of hils like Molehils. The peo¬ ple where they grow 3 areconftrained to diggethem vp and call them abroad like as we do Moie- hils/poiling their grounds } as Molehils are hurtfull vnto our foile: thefe haue neither ftalks, 3 leaues 3 fibres 3 nor firings annexed or fanned vnto them 3 and for the molt part are of a reddifh colour 3 but withinofawhitifh yellow: the Grecians haue called this tuberous excrefcence^, and the La- tines Tuber*: the Spaniards do call them Tumas detierra: in Englifh we may call them Spanifh Fuflebals. T -r ■ • * . & The place. Mufhrums come vp about the rootes of trees 3 in graflie places of medowes 3 and ley land newely turned jin woods alfo where the ground is fandic,butyet dankifh j they grow likewiie out ofwood 3 foorth of the rotten bodies of trees , but they are vnprofitable and nothing woorth. Poifonfome Mulhrumsas Diofcoridesi aith 3 growe where olderuftie iron lieth, or rotten douts 3 or neere tofer- pents dens 3 or roots oftrees that bring foorth venemous fruite. Diners efteeme thofefor chebeft which grow vpon mountaines and hilly places, as Horace faith: Hor.lihfer. 2. — ---pratenfibwoptima fungis fatyr .4. Nat ura, eft, aim male creditur. The medow Mufhrums are in kinde the beft 3 It is ill milling any of the reft. it The time. Diners come vp in Aprill 3 and laft not till Maie: for they flourifh but whileft Aprill continuedi j others grow later about Auguft j yet all of them after raine 3 and therefore they are found one ycere feoner; and another later. Mufhrums faith Plinie grow in fliowersofraine, they come ol the flime of trees 3 as the fame author affirmeth. i-i The names. They are called in Latine Fungi 1 in Greek ■ in Italian Fonghi : in Spanilli Hunzosfiugume- los : in French Campmion,\n\\[ch worde the low country men alio vie 3 &call them CaHipcniSifcfftltt inhighDutch Englifh Mufhrums 3 Toadftooles,orPaddockftcoIes. The Mufhrums that come vp in Aprill are called in Latine of diners SpongioU : of the Italians Trtgnoli : and in high Dutch They that areola light red he called of feme Bbleti , among the later ones which rife and fall away in feuen daies. The white or thofe which be lomewhatyeIbw 5 be called in Latin Suilli; which the later Phifttions name Porcini > or Swine Mulls rums : Suilli, faith Plinie are dried 3 being hanged vpon rufhesjwhich are thruft thorow them. 1 he dry ones arc in our age alfo eaten in Bohemia and Auftria: they that grow by the rootes of the Poplar trees arc called of the Latines Populnei, Poplar Mufhrums. Puifes Fiftes, are commonly called in Latine Lupi crepitus , or Woolfes Fiftes: in Italian Vcfcie de Lupo : in Englilh Puifes Fiftes 3 & Fuflebals in the north. Plinie nameth them pezic*, as though he fhould fay flat. Tree Mufhrums be called in GreekewraTW : in Latine Fungi arbor urn, and Fungi arbor ei : in En¬ glifh tree Mufhrums, or Touchwood: in high Dutch alfo Sg£C|$D£UWttCl They are all thought to be poifonfemc being inwardly taken Nicander writeth that the Mufhrums of the Oiiue tree } the Ilex tree 3 and of the Oke tree bung death. tfr The temteratme andvert lies. a Galen affinneth that they arc all very colde and moift 3 and therefore do approoch vntoa vene- “ mousandmurtheringfacuitie j andingenderaclammie 3 pituitous 3 andcoIdenutrimentif they be eaten. Toconclude,fewe of them are good to be eaten; and moft of them dofulfocate and ftrangle the eater. Therefore I giue my Ample aduice vnto thofe that louefuch ftrangcand newefangled meates 3 to beware of licking honie among thorites 3 leaft the fweetenes of the one do not counter- uailethefharpnes and pricking of the other. „ Fuflebals HISTORIE OF PLANTS. J387 Fuffebals ate no way eaten, the powder ofthem doth dry without biting; it is fitly applied toB merigals, kibed heeles and fuch like. In diuers parts of England where people dwell farre from neighbours, they cane them kindled C with fire,which 1 afteth long; whereupon they were called Luccpnarum Fungi. The duft or powder heerof is very dangerous for the eies, for it hath beene often feene that di- D tiers haue beene poreblinde cuer after, when fome finall quantitic thereof hath beene blowen into their eies. The countrey people vfe to kill or fmoothcr Bees with thefe Fufl’ebals, being fet on fire, for the E which purpofe it fitly ferueth. Of the temperature ofFuftebals we finde little, and that briefly fet downe, and that it is moift F Virgil in his firft bookeof Georgickes doth write, in a forewarning, when hereckoneth vp the fignes that go before raine: Tum Cor nixplena pluuiam vocat improba voce, Et [ola. in fee a fee um ffatiatur arena : N ec no cl urna quidem carpentespen fa puelU Ncfciuere hyemem: iejla cum ardente viderent Scintillare oleum, & put res concrefcere Fungos. Then with a full call all alone A fturdie Crowe raine doth demand. And hauingbefide hirfelfenone,' v She iets vp and downe the dry fand: And maidens which* night tasks do handle, * Pinching the flaxe A winterly ftormehauq foreknowne, from the diftaffe. When fparkle they marked the candle : And vp rotten Mufhrums be grovvne. Virg. Georg, lib. j. Of great Tootbworthjr Qownes Lungwort . Chap.16 3 . 1 Dent ana rnaior Mathiolt. 2 Dent aria minor. Great toothvvoort,or Lungwoort, Little Lungwoort* £ rh i S 88 THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE it 7 he defeription. 1 **~|^HereisoftenfoundarnongtheMufbrurnsacertainc kinde of excrelcence, confiding of I a iellie, or foft fubftance , like that of the Mulhrums, and therefore may the mere fitly be heere inferred: itrifeth foorth ofthe grounde in forme like vnto Orobanche,or the Broome Rape,and alfo in fubftance, hauing a tender, thicke, tuberous, or mifhapenbodie,confiftingas ic were of feales like teeth ( whereol it tooke his name)of a duftie fhining colour, tending to purple. The ftalke rifeth vp in the middle,garnifhed with little gaping hollow flowers, like thole of Satyri- on; on the outfide of an ouerworne whitifh colour,dafht ouer with a duflic purple, and within the hollownes thereof,of a darke blackifh colour: the whole plant refembleth a rude forme of that gel- lie, orflimicmatter,foundeinthefieldes, which wecall the falling offtars: the roote is fmall and tender. 2 There is alfo another fort heereof founde, not differing from the precedent: the chiefc diffe¬ rence confifteth in that,that this plant is altogither letter; in other relpe&s like. it The place. Thelc plants do grow at the bottome ofElme trees,and fuch like, in lhadowie places :I found it growing in a lane called Eaft lane, vpon the right hande as yec go from Maidftone in Kent vnto Cockes Hoathjhalfe a mile from the towne ;& in other places thereabout: it doth grow allb in the fieides about Croidon,efpeciaiIy about a place called Groutcs, being thelande of a worfhipfull Gentleman called Matter Garth: and allb inavvoode in Kent neere Crayfoord, called Rowe or Rough hill: it groweth likewife neere Harwood in Lanca(hire,a mile from Whanley,in a wood cal¬ led Talbot banke. it The time. They flourifh in Maie and lime. it The names. There is not any other name extant,more then is fet foorth in the defeription. it The temperature and vertues. There is nothing extant of the faculties heereof, either of the ancient or later writers: neither haue we any thing of our owne experience; onely our countrcy women do call it Lungwoort, and dovfeitagainftthecougb, and all other imperfedf ions of the lungs: but what benefit they reape thereby I know not ; neither can any of iudgement giue me further inftru&ion thereof. Of Saunders. Chap.i6\. ii The kinder. T^He ancient Greekes haue notknowne the forts of Saunders: Garcias and others delcribe three, •*- Album, Rubrum^nd Pallidum : which in fhops is called Citrinum. 1 , ) it The defeription. > 1 >' ~ | r H He Saunders tree groweth to the bignes ofthe Walnut tree, garnifhed with many goodly I branches:; wheron are fet leaucs like thofe of the Lentisk tree,alwaies green;among which come foorth very faire flowers, of a blew colour tending to blacknes, after commeth the fruitc, of the bignes of a Chcrrie,greene at the firft, andblacke when it is ripe; without tafte, and readie to fall downe with euery little biaft of winde: the timber or woode is of a white colour. 2 The lecond fort ditfereth not from the precedent,but in the colour of the woode, which gene¬ rally ofthefe trees are neere ofcolour, yet fom redder then others, wherin it ditfereth from the reft. There is likewife another which groweth veiy great, the flowers and fruite agree vvirh the other of his kinde: the woode is of ay ellowifh colour, wherein confifteth the difference. 1 Sant alum HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Santxlum Album. White Saunders. 138? 2 Sant alum rubrum. Red Saunders. ft The place. The white and yellow Saunders grow naturally,and that in great abundance , in an Hand called Timor,andalfointheEaftIndiesbeyond the riuer Sanges or rather Ganges, which the Indians call Hanga, and alfo about Iaua, where it is of better odor then any that groweth elfe where. The red Saunders groweth within the riuer Ganges,cfpecially about Tanafarim, and in the mar- rifh grounds about Charamandel: itgroweth far diflatltfrom thefe places, that is to faie, in mod parts of Brafile: ^iuiccn,Serapio, and mod of the Mauritanians, call it by a corrupt name Sandal: in Timor Malaca, and places neere adioining chandama, in Decan and Guzarate Screw da: in La- tine Sandalum, and Sant alum, adding thereto for the colour album, fiauum, or Citrinum, and ritbrum, red, white,and yellow. ft The time. Thefe trees grow greene winter and fommer,and are not one knowne from another, but by the Indians them{clues,who haue taken very certaine notes and markes of them, bicatife they may the more fpeedily didinguifh them when the Mart commeth. ft The names. Their names haue beene diffidently fpoken of in their deferiptions. ft The temperature. Saunders is colde in the fird degree vnto the thirde,and dric in the fecond. The red Saunders is fbmewhat colder. ft The vertues. The Indians dovfe the decodion made in water,againdhotburning agues, and the ouermuch \ flowing of the menfes ^Erifipelas 3 t\\t gout,and allinflammations efpecially if it be mixed with the iuicc of Nightfliade, Houileeke, or Purflane. The i$ 9 o THE THIRD BOOKE OF THE B The white Saunders mixed with Rofe water,and the temples bathed therewith,cea(eth the pain of the megrim, and keepeth backe the flowing of humors to the eies. C Kyitticcn affirmeth it to be good for all paflions of the hart, and maketb it glad and merrie, and therefore good to be put in coilifes, iellies, and all delicate meates which neede tohaue their colour made more pleafant to the fight. Of the Stonie woodjr woodemade Stones, Cbap,\ 66 . Ligtta lapidea^fiue in Lapides comer fa. The Stonie woode, or woode made ftones. ImfMk mi iMii & ?he defeription. A Mong the woonders of England this is one of great admiration , andcontrarie vnto mans reafon and capacitie, that there fnculde be a kind of woode alterable into the hardnes of a ftone called Stonie woode, or rather a kinde of water, which hardneth woode and other things, into the nature and matter of (tones. But we know that the works of God are woonderfuil, if we do but narrowly fearch the leaft of them, which we daily beholde 5 much more if weturneour eies vponthofe that are feldome leene, and knowne but of a fewe, and that of fuchas haue painfully trauelledin the fecrets of nature. This ftrange alteration ofna- tureistobefeenein fundry parts of England and Wales, through the qualities of fome wa¬ ters and earth, which change fuch things into flones as do fall therein; or w'hich are of pur- pofe (for trial!) put into them. In the north partofEnglande, there is a Well neere vnto Knaesborough, which will change any thing into ftone, whether it be wood, timber, leaues of trees, moffe, leather gloues or fuch like. There be diners places in Bedfordfhire, War- wickfhire and Wales,vvhere there is ground of that qualitie, that if a flake be driuen into it, that part of the flake which is within the ground will be a flrme and hard ftone, & al that which is abouethe earth retaineth his former fubftance and nature. Abo my felfe being at Rougby (aboutfuch time as our fantafticke people did with great concourfe and multitudes, re~ paire and run headlong vnto the facred Weis of Ifewmmregu, in the edge of Warwickfhire, as vnto the water oflife, which could cure all diieales) I went from thence vnto thefe Weis, where I jfounde growing ouer the lame a faire Afh tree, whole boughes did hang ouer the fpring of water, whereof fome that were feare and rotten , and feme that of purpofe were broken off, fell into the water,& were all turned into ftones.Of thefe boughes or parts ofthetree,I brought vnto London, which when I had broken in pceces, therein might be leene that the pith and all the reft was turned into ftone s ;yea many buds and flowrings of the tree falling into the laide water, were alfo turned into hard ftones,ftiil retaining the fame fhape &fafhion that they were of before they were in the water. I doubt not but if this water were prooued about the hardning of fome kinde of confections Phificall, for the preferuation of them,or other [peciall ends, it would offer greater occafion of ad¬ miration for the health and benefite of mankinde, then it doth aboutfuch things as already haue beene experimented,tending to very little purpofe„ HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 13 91 Of the Qoofe tree, Harnakle tree, or the tree bearing (jeefe. Qbaf>.\6~j. .Sin i n T.rtia'nnica. Conch* anatifera. Thebreede ofB'arnakles. & The defer jgiton. H Auirig trauelled from the Grafles gro¬ wing in the bottoms ofthe fenny waters, the woods, and mountaines, euen vnto Libanus it felfe ; and alfo the tea, and bowels of the fame:we are arriued to the,end of oiir Hifio- rie, thinking it not impertinent to the conclufi- on of the fame, to end with one of the maruels of this land (we may fay of the world.) ThcHi- fiorie whereof to let foorth according to the woorthines and raritie thereof, wouide not onely require a large and peculiar volume, but alfo a deeper fearch into the bowels of nature, then my intended purpofe wil buffer me to wade into, my infufficiencie alfo corifidered j.Teauing thehiftorie thereof rough hewen, vnro feme excellent men, learned in the fecrets of nature, to be both fined and refined: in the meane fpace take it as it falleth out,the naked and bare truth, though vnpolifhed. There arefounde in the north parts of Scotland,& theIlandsadiaccnt, called Orchades, certaine trees, whereon doe growe certaine fhcll fifhes, of a white colour 'tending to rufict; wherein areconteined-little liuingcrcatures: which fhelsin timeofmaturi- tiedoeopen, and out of them grow thofe little lining things ; which falling into the water, doe become foules, whom we call Barnakles, in the north of England Brant Geefe, and in Lanca- , fhire tree Geefe; but the other that do fall vp- on the land, perifh and come to nothing: thus much by the writings ofothers, and alfo from the mouths of people of thofe parts,which may very well accord with truth. But what our eies haue feenc,and hands haue touched,we lhall declare. There is a fmall Ilande in Lancafhirecalled thePileof Foulders,wherein are found thebroken peccesof oldandbrufed fliips, fbme whereof haue beene caft thither by fh;pwracke,and alfo the trunks or bodies with the branches of old and rotten trees,caft vp there likevvife: wheronis found a certaine fpume or froth, that in rime breedeth vnto certaine fhels, in fhape like thofe ofthe muskle, but lliarper pointed, and ofawhitifh colour; wherein is conteined a thing in forme like a lace of filke finely wouen, as it were tofother, of a whitifh colour; one ende whereof is fafinedvnro the infideof the fhe!l, euen as the fifh ofOifters and Muskles are; the ocher ende is made faff vnto the belly of a rude mafleorlumpe, which in timecommeth to the finape & forme of aBird: when itis peifedly for¬ med,the fhelgapeth open & thefirfl thing that appeerethistheforefaid lace or firing; next come the legs ofthe Birde hanging out; and as it groweth greater, it openeth the fhell by degrees, cillac length it is ali come foorth,and hangerh onely by the bill; infhort fpace after it commeth to full maturitie, and falleth into the fea,where it gatherethfeathers ,and groweth to a foule,bigger then a Mallard, and lefier then a Goofe ; hauing blacke legs and bill or beake, and feathers bheke andwhite^fpottedinfuchmanerasisourMagge-Piej called infbmeplaccsa Pie-Annet, which the i 3 92 THE THIRD BO OK.EoOF,T,HE the people'of Lancafhire call by no other name then a tree Goofe 5 which place aforelaide , and all thole parts adjoining,do To much abound therewith 3 that one of thebeft is bought for three pence: for the truth heerof,if any doubt,may it pleafe them to repairs vnto me^and I ihall fatisfie them by the teftimonie of good witncffes. Moreouer,it (hould feeme.that there is another fort heerof; the Hiftorie of which is true, and qf mineowneknowledge: fortrauelling vponthe fhoresof our Englifh coaft betweeneDouer and Rumncy, I founde thctrunkcof an olde rotten tree, which (withfome helpcthatlprocured by fifhcrmens wiues that were there attending their husbandes returne from thefea) we dreweout of the water vpon dry lande: on this rotten tree I founde growing many rhoufandes of long crimfon bladders.mlhapelikevnto puddings newly filled before they be fodden, which were verie cleere and fhining,at the neather end whereof did grow a (hell filh,fafhioned fomwhat like a final! Muskle,but much whiter, refembling a fhell.fifh that groweth vpon the rocks about Garnfey and Garfey, called a Lympit: many of thefe fhels I brought with me to London,which after I had ope¬ ned,! founde in them lining things without forme or fhape 5 in others which were neerer come to ripenes,I found liuing things that were very naked, in fhape like aBirde 5 in others, the Birds coue- red with foft downe,the fhcll halfe open,and the Birde readie to fallout, which no doubt were the foules called Barnakles. I dare notabfolutelyauouch euery circumftance of thefirft part of this Hiftorie concerrfipg the tree that beareth thofe buds aforefaide, but will leaue it to a further confi- deration:howbeit that which I nauelcene with mine eies, and handled with mine handes, I dare confidently auouch,and boldly'put downe for veritie. Nowe if any will obied, that this tree which I fawe might be one of thole before mentioned, which either by the wanes of the fea, or lorne vio¬ lent winde,had beenc ouerturned,as many other trees are; or that any trees falling into thofe feas about the Orchades, will of themfelues beare the like foules, by reafonof thofe feas and waters, thefe being fo probable conie&urcs, and likely to be true, I may not without preiudice gainfaie, or indeuorto confute. ft The place. The hordes and rotten plankcs whereon are found thefe fhels, wherein is bred the Barnakle,are taken vp in a fmall Hand adioining to Lancalhire, halfe a mile from the maine land, called the Pile of Foulders. ft The time. They fpawne as it were in March and Aprill 5 the Geefe are formed in Maie andlune, and come to fulnefte of feathers in the moneth after. And thus hauing through Gods affiftance, difeourfed fomewhat at large of Grades, Herbes, Shrubs, Trees, Modes, andcerraineexcrelcencesofthc earth, with other things moe incident to the Hiftorie thereof, we conclude and endeour prclent volume,with this woonder of England. For which Gods name be euer honored and prailed. The endofthe third and laftBooke of the Hiftorie of Plants. INDEX LATIN VS COPIO- SISSIMVS STIRPIVM IK HOC O P E R E I. GERARD I .V/.A* D ESCRIPT A R V M. A Acylum 1160 Alfne 491 0 5 • Acynos 549 Alfne maior,minor,qjr minima 488 A ZfofW pagina 123 Adiantum 983 Alfne marina ibid. /-V (tobies 1181.1182 Adiant um candidum ibid. tAlfne petraa 489 ■*- ^ Abiga 422 Adiantum nigrum 975.983 Alf ne folijs Vsronica cum c&tens Abrotanum 949 Adiantum aureum 1171 fee. • ibid. Abrotamum mas cjrfxmina ibid. Adonisflos, enifty., varietas 3 10 Alfne fontana 490 Abrotanum humile 9 4 8 Ador 62 eAlfne fluuta tills ibid. Abrotamm inodor am ibid. Adoreum ibid. Alfne painfir is 491 Abrotanum campeflre ibid. Agaricus vel Agaricum 1 1184 Alfine folijs Trijfaginis 492 Abjinthiam runicum 93 8 <is£y ileps 1163 A/fne cornicuhta Clusij ibid. Abfnthium tenyfolium, feu Toma- tsEgtiops Narbonenfis 68 cAlfne Hederacea 493 ntim .939 nAEgilcps Bromoidts 70 Alfne Hederula altera ibid . Abjinthiam latifolium fiue Pont team nAEgipyrut 1142. Alfne fluat'tca 85 937 93 8 z/Egitis 49 > nAlthaa 7S9 tAbfnthium tenuifolium P on Itcum ts£gt?nycbon 487 zAflthsa fiutex Clusij 788 Cjaleni 931 tsP.tbtopis 6 34 Althaa arborefeens ibid. Abjinthiam marinum 94 1 eAEtins 495 Althaa palujlris 787 cAbJinthiam marinum album 940 Agrifolium 1155.1156 aAlth&a lbifcus 787 Abjinthiam marinum latifoltum ibid. Ageratum 524 ttAlihsa lutea 790 Abjinthiam arborefeens 9 4 3 Aglaophotis 832 tAlus Gallic a 661 Abjinthiam ou£gyptium ibid. Agnus cajhts 1201 Atypum mantis Ceti 408 Abjinthiam inodor am 94 5 Agri mania 575 Alyjfos Plinij 966 Abjinthiam marinum , Abrotani foe- Agrimoria fylueflris 841 Alyjfum 380 mins facie 94 4 Agriocaflanon 906 Alyjfum Cjaleni 379 Acanthus 987 Agrioriganum 542 Alyjfum Ger manic um ibid. tAcanthus fa tin as 98 6 nAiuoa 422 ssimaracus 53 9 Acanthus fyluefiris 987 Alabafri Rofarumf us calyces 1081 aAmaradu/cis 279 tAcanthtam album 988 Aldterntu 1213 Amant illa l r tlentiana 918 Acanthiam Illyricumpurpurea ibid. tAlaternus Pliuij 1212 Ambroft 536.950.951 Acacia 1150 Alaternus humtlior ibid. Amaranthus 254.255 Acacia Diofcoridis 1149 Alburns 1303 Amaranthus tricolor ibid. Acacia altera ibid. 1150 Albinum 5 19 Amaranthus coc emeus 2T4 Acacia Pontic a ibid. Albucum 8? Amaranthus pannicula far fa ibid. Acarna 997 Albucns ibid. Amaranthus luteus Fuchsij & Tragi Acarna Theophrafi 1012 Alcea 786 521. 522. Acarna V/altrandt fDonrez, ibid. Alceapcre^rina 791 Amaranthus Galeni 522 Acer 1300 Alcea vefcarta 792 Amedanus 1294 Acer mat or ibid. Alcibiadion 658 ylmellus marinas 334 Acer minor ibid. Alchimilla 82 Ammi 882 Acetabulum 424 AleElorolcphos 912.913 Ammi vulgarc 881 Acetofa taberofa 321 tAlgapaluflris 674 Ammi Creticum ibid. lAchillea 9I4‘915 Ahmonia IO 31 Amomum P-linij 289 Achillea Sideritis ibid. Ahfma 359.360.524 Ampelos agria 722 Accipitrina 23 6 Aiiiaria 650 Amygdalus I 256 Acinus 727 Allium 140 Amygdalum ibid. Aconitum 819 Allium flue sire 141 Amyleum fumentum 63 Aconitum Batrachioides 808 Allium vrfnum ibid. 142 Anabafs 958 e .Aconitum hyemale 819 Allium anquinum ibid. Anacardium 1360 Aconitum falutiferum 820 Allium ceruinum ibid. Anagallis 49 5 Aconitum luteum Pontica 821.822 Allium alpinism latifoltum ibid. Anagallis mas qf foemina 494 Aconitum bacciferum 829 Allium non bulbofum 650 Anagallis lutea ibid. Acorna 997 Ainus I294 Anaoallis ayuatica 496.497 A const paluflris 46 Abuts nigra 1286 Anagallis ayuatica minor ibid. Aculeofa 1004 Aloe mucronato folio 4 °9 Anagallis ayuatica minorfore pallida Acmella 1142 Alopecuros 81.370 ibid. ♦ ^ >• • Aaaaa 5 Anagyris INDEX. %Anagjrti 1*3 9 zAphtm aquatile 862.867 zAnagyrls fcstida ibid. zApium montanum 853 Anchomanes 583 zApium fylueflre 855.857 Anchufli 657 Apbyllanthes 5 i 2 '5 9 * Anchtfa zAlcibiiidion 656 Apolinon 1218 Anchufalutea ibid. zApAmaris _ 283 zyfndroface c JMathiolt 425 Apyites 73 ° An dro face annua fpuria ibid. zflfqua vita 734 Androfemum 434.435; zAyua ardens ibid . Anemone tuberofa. radice 302. Aqmlegia 9 l 6 Anemone coccinea multiplex ibid. zAquilegia carulea 9 35 Anemone Bolbocaftani radice 303 Aquileia 9 35 Anemone latifolia Clash ibid. zAqtiilcta rubra 9 35 oAnemone maximaChalcedonica po- zAquilina 936 lyanthos ibid. Arabic 207 ^Anemone geranifolia 3°4 zA'cachidna *35 9 o/tnemone (JHathioli ibid. zArachus 1053.IO54 cAnemone trifolia 3°5 Aracidna / 13 59 Anemone papauerace a ibid. Arbor vita 1187 Anemonumvarietates 205.207 Arbor Goa flue Indica 1331 oAnetham & z/inetum 878 Arbor Thurifera 1247 Anethum tortuofum & fylueflre 895 Arbor tJAUrobalanorum I 3°7 Angelica 847 zArborrofea 1220 Angelica fatiua 845 Arbor trijhc 1342.1343 Angelica flyluefiric 847 Arbor luda 1240 .an Sycamorus ib. Am Cam 880 zArbutus 1 310.1311 Anonis 1141.114a Arcium 665 An on is flore albo 1141 Areca fine Faufel 1337 Anonis non fpinofli purpurea 1142 zArgemone 301 Anonis lute a ibid. zA'rgemonia ibid. tAnoniymos I 285 Argemone capitulo tortilo &c. 300 Anferina 841 zArgentina 841 zAnteuphorbiunt 1014 Aria Theophrafli 1145 Authentic 616 zAric 587 Anthericos 87 Arifarum ibid. Anthora 820 Arifarum latifolium 686 Antbos 1081 Arfarum anoufhfolium ibid. Antbropomorphos 281 Arifarum latifolium Mathioli 687 Anthyllis 420.497 zAriilolochia 698 zAntbyllis lentifolia 498 Ariftolochia Clematic 697 e Anthyllis legamin opt io 5 o Ariftolochia longa & mat 69 8 eAnthjllis 'Valentina Clusij 45 2 Ariftolochia rotunda&foemina ibid. Antibathes 1381 zArmeniacum 1261 Antirrhinum 439. eiufcLvarieta- Armeria 479.481. eiusvarietas tes 43 OO VO 47 8 -479 Antirrhinum minus ibid. Armeria rubra latifolia 479 Antophydi 1351 Armeria fuaue rubens ibid. Antisra 820 Armenusflosprimus ‘Dodomei 481 zAparine 9 6 3.9 6 4 zArmerimflos ter tint 482 Aparina maior Plinij 953 zArmoracia 186.481 Aphaca, 1053 Armoraria 481 nAphace 217 Armoraria pratenfls mas & feemina Aphricanmfios 611 an ft Tetilius pag. 480 flos Tlinij ibid, zArmoraria flue fir it 481 Apiasleihmi 720 Arnogloffa 340 Apiaflrum 560 zAronia 683.12 66 Apios 9o5 Arfcla 301 Apios vera 407 Artemifa 946 Apium 862 eArtemifia mater herbarum 94 < Apium rftus 309 Artemifa tenuifolia 5 2 7-945 Apium hortenfe 86 r anTetrofeli- Artemifa marina 219.946 num ibid. Arthretica herba 637 Apium crifpum fine mult fdun* 85 i Arum 685 nApium paluftrc vel rufheum 85 a Arum mains & minus ibid , zAmndo 34 zAmndoCypria ibid. zAmndo donax ibid. Arundo fcriptoriA 34 Arundo Saccharina 35 zA'rundoflorida 36 Arundo Indica ibid. Arundo Lithofpcrmos 82 Afarina CMathioli 688 zAfarum ibid. 689 Afclepias 751 Afclepitj flore albo ibid. Aflclepias flore nigro ibid. Aflclepias Virginiana 752 Afcolymbros 99 5 Aflcyron & Afcyroides 434 Ajpalathum 29 A far ague 954 zA(far ague fat 1uus 95 ? Afparagus pduftris ibid. Affaragtcs petraus ibid. 95 5 Afparagus fylueflris 953-955 Afparagus fylueflris fpinefus dusty pag. 9 54 Ajperula & Afpergula odor at a 966 an Alytfos fPlinij ibid. Afphodelus 86:87 Afphodelus minor 44 Ajjihodelm luteus 89 Afphodelus paluftris ibid. zAfphodelus Lancaflria ibid. Afphodelus bulb of us 89 Afphodelus hyacintkinut 90 Afphodelusfamina ibid. Afplenium 978.979 Afplenium fylueflre vel magnu 979 A/prella 958 After marinns 334 Afler Atticus 392,293.428 After Italorum 392 After montanus ibid. After hirfutus ibid. Afterion 39 ? Aflerfcon ibid. Aflragalus 1059 Astragalus Syriacns 1058 Aflragalus Lufit ante m Clusij ibid. Aftrantia 849 Aflrantia nigra 828 Athanafla 52 6 AtraElyllc 1008.1009 Atriplcx 257 Atriplex fatiua alba 256 At rip!ex purpurea ibid. Atriplex fylueflris 257 Atriplex marina ibid. Atriplcx fanida 258 Auena veflea 68 Auena nuda ibid. Auena fatua 69 Aucrnus 1286 Aurelia 520 Auricula vrfi 640. tins V arte fates ibid. 642 Auricula INDEX. Auricula vrfi i.Clustj 6r\i Bor ago 653 <tA nricu.ii vrfi rube [cent 642 Bor ago hortenfs ibid. c Auricula vrfi minima ibid. Bor ago fibre albo ibid. Auricula mtiris 5*4 Bor ago fetnper virens ibid. Achrys 858 * V V Botrjs 950.951 V -9 Callus 99 * B Brfifica 249 Calmintba 557 T) Ac char is 648 Brafiica feporind 232 Calamir.tba mor.tana vulgaris 556 JL/ Bucchar is Dioficoridis 39 1 Traffic a vulgaris farina 244 CeUamintha montana prafiantior tbid. Bar char is Adonfpc/ienfium 647 . Traffic a fitnuacnfpa ibid. Calamog rc.fi is 7 B acchion 665 Traffic# rubra ibid. Calamus Permit anus (hinofius UOb. Balanus Afyrepfica , fine glans vn- Brfiffrca capitdta alba ibid. parr. 1015 guentaria 1214 Brafjicd cap; tat a rubra 245 Calamus firgit tales VObelii 3 3 BA. in Ft: a '• ' 1 262 Brfi:apatr:la ibid. Calamus Saccharatus 3 * Jfnlfamina 2^1 Ykfijica fiortda- 24 6 Calamus aromaticus & odoratus 5 7 Balfiur.ina'mas ' 290 Brafjicfi. Tcphofh ibidi Calceohts Afaria 359 Balfamina fcemina ibid. 291 "Tor'dffjca Sdhtucta 2 47 Calceolus Sacerdotis ibed. Batfamina cucumerina 291 Brfijfica Sab.iu da criffa ibid. Calendula 60 ? Balfamina amygdaloides ibid. B refih a marina Anglic a 248 Calendula mult for a maxima 6 00 Bdlfamella ibid. Bra file a feltnoid.es ibid.&c. Calendula maior fr minor polyanthost Balfiiminum ibid. Brdjfka Cypria ' 24 9 ibid. Balfitmita mas vel mat or 523.524 Brrffca. canina 254.755 Calendula mult iflora orbicular a 6 00 Balfam it a foc min a 5 2 3 Briiannica Blinij 3.25 Calendula fimpheiflore v. 601 Balftmum • 1345 Brltannica Concha anafifi ?ra 1391 Calendula maior prolifer a 602 Baffami fr/sElus 1344 Briz^a monococcos 68 Calendula A/pina 603 ‘Barba hirci 596.886 Brornos finer ilis 69 Calendula aruetifis ibid. Barbarea 188 Br onto salt era ibid. Calicularis 283 Bardana 665 Brum aria ’• ' 1 82 Callionymu.m. 33 z Bardana maicr <fi minor 66 a. B rut a 119 3 .an Sabina altera ibid. Callitrichfim 98.3.985 Bafilicumgariophy/latum 547 Bryonia ’'"' T ; 720 Calt ha 603 Bari 428 Bryonia alba ibid. Caltha poet arum ibid. B.Ur a chi on • 805 Bryonia nigra 721.722 Caltba Apbricana 6 ii Batracbium album 806 Bryonia nigra fylueflris > 721 Caltha palufiris 6yx Batrachtum A pule i] 808.811 Bubohifim x 393 Caltha prdufins maior 670 Bechium 667 Btscinus vel Bucinum 924 Cetllhapaluflris minor ibid. Beilis maior 5°9 Buglofia ebr Bugioffa aomefiica 6 5 5 Caliban.'.lustres multiplex 61 £ Beilis h or tofts varieties 5 IQ Bugioffa vulgaris ibid. Camehna 213.214 Beilis minor 512 Bugioffa fylueflris ibid. Camp.ma arisenfis 35 6 Beilis carulea fiue globular. 511.512 Bugloffum luienm ibid. Campana car idea 71 $ Beilis minor fylueflris ibid. Bttolum 50 6 Campanella 714 Beilis media fylueflris ibid. Bu'qula ibid. Campanula 366 Beilis carulea pule a ■ 5 11 r BtiguU flore albo ibid. Campanula perfic folia 3 6 7 Beilis car tiled Monjpdiaca 512 Bulbas e feu lent pis 105 Campanula laclefcens pyramidalis Beta 251.252 Bulbas vomitorius ic6 ■ ibid. Betonica . 577 - 57 ^ Bulbas Encphorm ibid. Campanula rotund folia ibid. Betonica fore albo 577 Bulbas bombicimss comentitiUs 107 Campanula lute a lin folia ibid. Betonica aejuatica 5 19 Bulbas a ere fits * CJ J I i O Campanula minor alba ;,63 Bctuld fine BetulU 1295 B uni.is 181 Campanula minor purpurea ibid. Bet ulus 1295 Bit nuts fylueflris LiObcli] ibid. Cachrys 858 Bifolium 327 Bmiunt 906 Candela regia 630 Bipenuld 888 Buphthalmum 607 Canella 1348 BipinelU 887.888 Buphthalmttm verum ibid. Can ella folium & bacillus ibid. Bifaria 683 Buphthalmum album ibid. an fit Cania 571 Biftacion 1248 Confiligo, Sefomoides , Hellebora- Cams cerebrum 4 39 Biflorta 323 firis (Sr Chryfantbemem 607. 608 Canina herba 264 Biflorta maior 3 22 Bu.plcur am 485 Caninum r, rumen 22 Biflorta minor ibid. Bupleurum anguflfohum C JWonjpe- Canirubus 749.108S Bid or t a la t folia ibid. lienfe ibid. Cannabis a herba 574 Blattarui 654 Bupleurum lat folium Alonfbel. ibid. Cannabis 57 2 Blattaria Pltntj 6 33 Burfii p.tFloris 214.21 5 Cannabis (puria ibid. B lut tariafore purpurea ibid. Bur fa pasiorid minima 2I 4 Cannacorus 36 Blitum 253 Butomus 4 1 Cantabrica 473.478 Bolbocaflanan 90 6 Byne 64 Capillaris 983.98 > Bolbocaflani alt era icon ibid. Buxus 12?6 Cdpillus Veneris verus 982.982 Bolen 138 6 Buxus humilis tbid. Capillus Vrneris Syriacus 982 A a a a a 2 Capnos Capnot 9 3 ° Capparis 74 9 Capparis folio acuto 748 Capparis rotundiore folio ibtd. Capparis fabago 750 lCapparis leguminofa ibid. CaprioU 26 Capfella 20 6 Ccpfcum 293 Cap (scum longioribus filiquts 29 2, Capftcum minimis fdtquis ibid. Caranum 730 Cardamine 203 Cardamine trifolia 202 Cardamine lati folia ibtd. (flardamine laidea ibid. Cardamine alpina ibid. Cardamomum 1 356.1358 (flardamomi genera ibtd. (flardamum 188 Cardopatium 99 r > Cardutts 992 Carduus Maria velhfteus 989 Cardutts Leucographus ibid. Carduus Chryfanthemus 993 994 Carduus glob of us 990 Carduus Chryfanthemus Teruanus p„g. 993-991 Carduus niger 998 Carduusflellattts 1003 Carduus (olflitialis ibid. Carduus Veneris 100 6 Carduus Fullonum ibid. Carduus benediElus 1009 Cardui flue fires 101 3 Carduus ferox joio (flarduus viarum 1011 (flarduus mu feat us ibtd. Carduus lane eat m ibid. Carduus echtnatus 1014 Careum 879 Carex 41 Carum ibid. Carica 1328 Carlma 991 Carlina prior 996 Carlin a altera ibtd. Cardna fylueflris 991 Carnubadton 879 Carphos 1027 Carptnus 1296 Carpobalfamttm * 34 S Carthamus 1007 Cart ham us fylueflris 1009 Cary ophy/lata 842.843 Caryophyllata montana ibid. Caryophyllata alpina pentaphylUa ib. (ary ophy data alpina guttata ibid. Caryophyllus 1352 (flaryophyilus florens ibid. (dry ophy lb vert (lusty 1351 (•dry ophy llus multiplex 472 (arjophyllus maximtts multiplex ib. (ary ophy llus fegetum 356 I N D E X. (ary ophy Um Mediterranean 48 2 (ary ophy llus mar in us minimus VO- beli) ibid. 483 (ary ophy llus Indicus 6 11 (ary ophy llus fylueflris 479 (ary ophy llus virgineus 477 Cary ophy llus fylueflris multiplex 474 (ary ophy ll w fylueflris flmplex tbid . (faryoployl. plumar. varietates 474 47 S f „ (ary ophy llus mot amu purpureus 475 Caryophyllus mdntanus f' (flaryophyilus lApbyllan (flaryophyilus holofhus iiortbus C a f- a (afa poetica UObcliy (affia nigra Coffin fistula (flfi Ll g° (offa vel (flajfla lignca (affstha fafytha (aflanea (aflanea equina (ataputia maior Caiaputia minor Cattaria herba Cancan Cauda equinafaeminA Cauda marts Caucalis Caucalis albisfloribus Caucalis Htflanica Caufis Caul/flora Cau/orapum Caulorapnm rotundum Cau/orapum lor:gum Cedrelai e ,id eft Cedrus abies,aut Ce- drinaabies 1171 Cedria ibid. 1180 Ccdrus 1171 Cedrus Libani ibid. Cedrus Ljcia 11 8 7.119 2 Court minores velhumiles 1191 Ze. irus Phoenicea vel Tunica ibid. ibtd, 249 ibid. 25 1 250 ibid. Celtic Centaurium Centaur turn p truttm 1309 436 437 Zentaurium parttum Interim VObe/i] Pg- Centaurium magnum Centauris Centunculus CentuncuUris Cepa Cepa agraria Cepa alba Cep a rubra CepulU Cepa muris 1323 tbid. 1319 Cerafa Cera fits Cerafus vulgar is Cera fits pr&coxflue Belgica ibid . Cerafus ferotina 1320 Cerafus vnopediculoplura ibid. Cerafus Hifpanica & Gafcontca ibid. Cerafus multiflora fl'uElus edes 1321 Cerafus mult flora pauctores fluid us edens ibid. Cerafus auium nigra & racemoft pag. 1322 ibtd. Cerafus racemofa rubra ibid. 477 Cerafus nigra 1323 (is ibid. Ceratia flit qua 1241. an Acndcs flolijs la - S.lohan.Bapttfi . ibid. 481 Ceratonia ibid . 468 Ceramia 4*4 11IO Cerefolium 883 1242 Cerefoltum vulgare 882 ibtd . Cerefolium magnum ibid. 283 Ccreus Tcrmtanus flint flus L Obeliy 1 349 pag. 1015 462 Cerinthe maior 43 1 ibid. Cerinthe minor ibid. 3.1254 ' Cerofolium 883 ibid. Cerrus 3163 4 ° 5 Cerrtu maiore glande 2162 ibid. Cerrus min ore glande ibid. 114 Ceruicarta 3 66 958 Ceruicaria maior 0 ibid. 917 Ceflrum tJMorionis 4 * 145 - 34 ^ Cbamacerafus 1113.1323 868 Cbamacifftsm 70 S ibid. Chamactftus 1102 437 43 6 ibid .46 7 748.5 T 9 ibid. 154 132 1 34 ibid. ibid. *37 Chanutcypariffus 9 52 Chamaduphne 7^ 8.1 219 Chamadrys 531.534 Chamadrys maior & minor 530 C ham etdry s latifolia tbid. Chamadrys fylueflris &fluria ibid. pag. 5 3 1 Chamxfilix marina zAlngltca 981 Chamagenifla Anglic a 1132 Chamagenifla Pannonica ibid. Chamairis angufliflolta & tenuifolia pag. 52 Chamaitea flue flaltx pumila 7205 ChameUa 1215.1216 ChameUa, ArabumTricoccos 1215 ChameUa Germanic a, flue Me he¬ reon in 6 ChamaUaqnus 1228 Chameleon 99 5 . 998 Chameleon alb us 1169 ChamAe on alb us Diofcoridis 995 Chameleon niger 998 Chameleon niger Salmanticenfis ibid. Chamsleuce 667 Chamxlinumperpuflllum 447 Chamsmclum 616.615 Chamstmelum nudum odoratum ibid, Chamamelum Romanum 61 6 Chamamelum Anglic urn fllore mul¬ tiplies INDEX. tiplici ibid. Ctnara maxima Anglic a 99 1 Chamamortu 1090 Cinara fylueftris 99 2 Cbamanertum 388 Cinara fiinofa ibid. Chamspeuco 1110 Cmcinn alls 983 Chamtpeuce j.humilis pimu 1178 Cinnamomum 1 349 Chamspericlymcnum liig Ctrcea Lutetian a 280 Chamspytts 423 Circaa 281 Chamapitys vermicular a 420 Ctjfampelos 261713 Cbamspnys mas 421 Citocacium 1215 Chamapitysfeemina ibid. Citromalum I 280 Cbamapitys Aufhtaca 422.423 Ciirulus offeinarum 767 Cbamsplatamu 1237 Cttrulus minor ibid. Chamaphum 198 Cfiles 1099 Cbamarbododendros Alpio r ena 12 21 Ci fins mas angufiifohus 1093 Cbamarbododendros montava ibid. Ctfius mas deni at us tbid. Cham&rrhiphes J 335 Cfius mas cum Hypocifiide ibid. Chamafice 4 ° 7 Cfius mas tenuifohus ibid. Cbamaxylon 5 l 9 Cfiusfcemina 1094 Cbarantta 291 L ftiuf<iemin a PA at bio It ibid. Cbatrepbtllum 883 Cfi ns folio Heilimi 1095 Cbehdomum 669.9 11 Cfills folio tbymi ibid. Cbeltdonium minus ibid. Ci fits folio laudtiduU ibid. Cbehdomum mains 911 Ctfius bumilis temttfehtu ibid. Chenopodntm 259 Cfius bumilis Auftriacus Clufi\ 096 Chihodynamis 1129 Cyrus bumilis ftrpilhfolio 10 97 Chironium 43 6 Lfi us exotic us IdObeliy ibid. Cbondrilla 227 C ft us adult erinus ibid. Cbondrilla canslea 224 Lift m annuus 1098 Cbondrilla carulea latifolia \ tbid. C fins annum long tfolius VObeli) ib. Cbondrilla lute a 225 Ctfius tedon 1 .Cisfii 1103 Cbondrilla H/Jpanica ibid. Cfius ledon popuheafionde tbid. Cbondrilla ittneea 22 6 Ctfius ledon 5 .Chift 1104 Cbondrilla marina L’Obelis ibid. Ctfius ledon 6.Clufu tbid. S. Cbnslopbort berba 829 Cfius ledon cum hypocifiide L Obclis Cbryfantbemum. 607.606 png. 1105 Chryfanthemum P eruuianum 6 14 Cfius ledon myrtifolium ibid. Cbryfantbemum latifohu 604. Co 5 Cfius ledum Silefiacum 1106 Chryfwthemumfeget am,Gr Valenti- Cfius ledum Tfofmarimfolio tbid. nuns ibid. Cfius ledum tJAlatbioli 1107 Cbryfocome 521,522 Ctfius ledum alptnum Clufii ibid. Cbryfocome Ga tent 522 Cttraao 560 Cbryfolacbanott *57 Claut cula 708 Cbryfogonon 840 CLua Plerculis 674 Cicer M O 'J Clauus 1352 Cicer fiitiuum ibid. C/auus Veneris 674 Cicer artetwum ibid. Clematis Hat tea 719 Cicer nigrum ibid. Clematis altera ibid. Cicer candidum ibid. Clematis varietettes 740.742 Ctcer fyluefire T 048 . 1049 Clematis vrens 74 1 Ctcer fyluefire latifolium IC48 Clematis Pannonica 742 Cicera 1054 Clematis Pannonica mat or tbid. Ctcerbita 232 Cleonicum 545 Ctcborton 227 Clincpodium 545.549 Cicborium 221 Clymenon Italorum 43 5 Cicborium fit'mum 220 Clymenum 57 9 .1054 Cicborium fit mum Litifohum ibid. Cnecus 1007 Cicborium fyluefire 2? 2 Cnecus fiitiuus ibid. Cicborium luteum ibid. Cnecus fupinus 1009 Cicuta 904903 Cneoron 1 2 1 6 1218 Cicuta latifoha foetidijfim* 905 Cneoron album Tbeoph. 1 21 6. ,1 219 Ctcutaria latifolia 904 Cneoron nigrum 1218 Ci cut aria tenui folia 905 Cmcus I 007 Ctcutarta palufircs ibid. Ctcus fylueftris ibid. 1009 Cinara 99 a Coccalus IJ 74 Cochlearia rotmdifolia 3 24 Cochlearia Britannic a tbtA. Cocci orient ales I 3 6 5 Coccus infefloria, vel Core am infiec- torium 11 60 Coccus cnidius 1215.1218 Coccygria 1293 Coggjqria 7 beephrafii ibid. Coggjgrta Plinij ibid. Colocafia 685 Coins rtfiica 1009 Colute a 111 6.1 1 j 8 Colutea fcorpioides 111 6 Colmea fcor pi aides bumilis 1117 Colutea fcorpioides m on tana Cl a ft 1 ib. Colutea minima flue coronilla 1118 Colutea fine poly gala Valentina Clu- P * ibid. Cotchicum 130 Coichicum Angltc umpurpur eh 127 Coichicum Pannonicum ibid. Coichicum minus OO ri >-« Coichicum Illy ncutn 129 Coichicum par mm montanum lu- teum ibid. Coichicum feemininum Germani- cum 1 3 ° Colocynthis 769.768 Colocynthis pyriformis ibid. Colubrina 323 .68 3 Columbaria 582 Col us Iouis 627 Colymbade 586 Colymbades J 207 Coma 596 Coma aure.t 520.532 Concha Britannic* Amttifera 1391 Condurdum 55 1 Conila 883 Conos 1174 Confligo 826 Confitigo Ruellij ibid. Confolida media 50 6 Con foh da minor 508.512 Confolida Saracenica ',47 Confolida media vulnerarioYum 5 99 Confh dn mat or fore pur pur eo 660 Confolida maior flore albo ibid. Confolida regalis 9 23. eius vanetas pag. 922923 Confolida regalis fattua 922 Confolida regalis fylueftris 9 23 Conuoluulus 690.714 Conuoluulus marinus 690 Couoluulus minimus files folim 713 Conuoluulus minor 714 Conuoluulus albus ibid. Conuoluulum caruleum tbid. Conyzai 391 Conyz,a maic.r tbid . Coryza minima ibid. Cor lr.dicum 271 CoraHina 1 3 80 .eiwvmetas 1279 Cor a Hut a Anghea ibid. CoraHina I Corallina minima 1379 Cor Alina morn ana 1380 CorAlion 495 CorAloides 83 5 Cor allium 1383 Cor Ahum rubrum 1381 Cor allium nigrum pas Antipathes ib. CorAlium album 1382 Cor Ahum luteum ibid. Corchorus 495 Corcoros 549 Coriandmm 859 Coriandrum alter urn ibid. Coriandmm putei 983 Coriopbora 161 Coriofmites ibid. Cornu ceruinum ibid.? a j Cornum 1282 Corn us ibid. Comas mas Thecpbra fti ibid. Comas fGemina Theaphfafli 1283 Comasfyluefiris ibid. Corona imperialis 153 • 1 54 Corona imperials ,auplici corona 1 5 3 Corona regia 278. 1035 Corona terra 705 Corona foils 614 Corona fratrum 990 Coronopas primus, fecundas, tertius , pag. 344-345 Coronopas Tfueuif 546 Corruda 955 Cortices rofarum 1081 Cortufa (JAiatbioli 6 45 Cor tufa verior Icon. tbid. Corylus 1 250.1 251 Corylus fyluepris 1250 Copus 524 Copus h or torurn (bid. CoPus minor bortenps ibid CoPus niger 829. Cot in us 1207 Cotinus Canaria Plinij 1293 Cotortaria 519 Cotulafcetida 61 7 Cotula lutea ibid. Cotyledon pAuflris 4 2 4 Cotyledon At era Diofcoridis 412 Craffula 416 CraffuU maior Hifpanica ibid. Craffula fabarta 416 Crateoponon 85 Crateogcnon Ahum & rubrum 44 Crateogonon Eupbrofyhe 85 Cretanum 428 Crimnon 64 Crinita 983 Crpa GAli 912.91 3 Crithmum 428 Critbmum marinum 427 Crithmum [pinofum ibid. Crithmum Cbryfanthemum ibid. Crocodilton 99 8 Crocus 124 INDEX. Crocus fine flore Crocus vermis Crocusflorens Crocus vermis minor Cruciata Cucicpbora CucubAus Cucumis Cucumis fatiuttt Cucumis vulgaris Cucumis Turcicus Cucumis anguinus Cucumis pyriform is Cucumis ex Hifbanico femine natus pag. 764 Cucumis agrepis, & erraticus, £7* apninus 7 66 Cucurbita 400 Cucurbita anguina 111 Cucurbita lagenaria Cucurbita fatiua Cucurbita cameraria , ibid. 778 vel pie beta ibi. Cucurbita. fyluePris 779 Cucurbit a fylueflrisfungiformis ibid, Culta,Satiud,vrbana Qfwercus 1157 Cuminum 9°7 Cuminum fatiuum Diofcoridis ibid. Cuminum fyluefire 908 Cuminum zALtbiopicum cr regium pAg. 882 123 125 I23 I2 5 96 5 j 3 6 S 268 765 ibid. 762 ibid . 763 ibid. Cuminum pli quo pirn 908 Cuminum corniculatum 909 Cunilet 461.542 Cun tie,go 391 Cupreffus 1186 Cuprejfus At erapae fylneft. ris 1185 Cupreffus Cretica 1193 Cupculium 1160 Cyanus 594 Cy antis maior 592 Cyanivarietates ibid. 592.593.594 Cyanus vulgaris 592 Cyanus variegatus 593 Cyanusflos 594 Cyanus caruleus multiflorus 594 Cyclamen 695 Cyclamen orbiculatofolio 694 Cyclamen folio He derm ibid. Cyclaminus 6 9 % Cyclaminus At era 279.722 Cynocrair.be 263.755 Cynogloffos 659 Cynogloffum ibid. Cyncrrhodos 1088 Cynosbatos 749 Cynosbatus 1088 Cynoforcbis 1 57 Cynoforchis maior 156 Cynoforcbis maculata 157 Cynoforcbis pAufris ibid. Cynoforcbis morio mas 158 Cynoforchis morio fosmtna ibid. Cynoffyafiis 00 29 28 Cyperus Cyperus low us & efeu lent us Cyperus rotundas & typbinus 29 Cyprus \ 2 \o. An ligufirum ibid . Cytinus 1099.1262 Cytifas IO24.1121.1125 Cy tipis pliquofus Cy tipis hirfutus Cy tipis incams Cytifuspinnatus Cy tipis cornutus Cy tipis adult erinuspue Alyffon fruti- cans * ibid . Cy tipis femper virens 11 2 7 Cytipfyheflres - ibid. 1122 ibid. 1123 ibid. 1124 Cytipis UMarceM H29 D X~\Auylus Ida us 831 i—' D am a fork urn 360 Damaforkum not hum 359 "Daphne 1223 Daucus 873 Daucus fyluepris 868 Daucus Cretenps vents 874 Delphinium 923 Dens caninus herbariorum 15? Dens caninus fore Abo, an gupi or i- bus folijs (bid « Dens leonis 228 Dens leonis cichoriz.atus ibid. Dent art a 835 Dent aria bulbifera 833 Dent aria coralloide radice, fiue Den- taria eneapbyllos 833 Dent aria heptaphyllos Clusty 834 Dent aria pentaphyllos Clusij ibid . Dentaria maior CMatbhli 1387 Dent aria minor tbid. De miliaria Tfondeletij 1070 Dittamnum 652 Diilamnum Creticum ibid. Digitus Veneris 674 Digitalis 647 Digitalis varietas 646 Digitalis ferruginea 647 Dionyfias 43 5 Diofpiros 82 Diofioron 487 Dipfacus 1006 Dipfacus fatiuus 1005 Dipfacus fyluefris (bid . Dolichus 1041. IO42 Dor cadi on 683 Doronicum 622 Doronicum maius offeinarum 6 20 Doronicum minus (bid. Doronicum radice repente 621 Doronicum braebiata radice ibid. Dorycnium 1128 D cry cnitsm Aionfbelienpum ibid. Draba 207 Dqyycnium INDEX. Dorycnium Hijfdnicutti 1128 Equifetumfyluaticum 957 Draco berba 193 Eranthemum 3 10 Draco fylueflris 484 Erica 1200 Draco arbor 1339 Erica vulgar is,fue Pumila 1 196 Draconis fruElus ibid. Erica pumila alba ibid. Draconis fanguis 1340 Erica maior , forepurpurante Clusij ‘Dracontium 683 png. 1197 Dracontion c Pltnij 323 Erica maior fore albo ibid. Dracontium mains 682 Erica cruciata ibid. Dracoutturn minus ibid. £rica pyramidalis tbtd. D raeontturn mains Matbicli 683 Erica tenutfolia 1 198 Dracunculus ibid. Erica tenuifolia caliculata ibid. Dracunculus Dodonai 323 Erica baccifera latifolia II 99 !Dracunculus aquatic us 683 Erica bacc fera tenuifolia ibid. Dracunculus polyphyllos ibid. Erigerum 217 Dryoptens 914 Engerum foment ofum ibid. Dry opt er is nigra 915 Ertgeren marinum 219 Dulcicbinum 2 9 Eriocepbalus 990 Dulcamara 279 Erifis j 2 9 Erilhauon 10 99 E * Eruca fatiua 191 • Eruca Jylueflris ibid. T7 Bullish Ebulum 12 3 ? Eruca fylueflris angufitfolia 192 Echinaflrum 795 Eruca peregrma 216 Echium 6 58 Eruca cantabrica ibid. Elaphobofcum 871 Eruum fatitium 10 54 Elatine 501 Eryngevel Eryngium 1000. 1 004 Elatine altera ibid. £ryngium borujjicum 1 003 EUagnus 1228 Eryngium montanum 1002 EDaonus Cordi 0 ibid. Erjngium planum,vel Alpinu 1003 Elepbantofls 66 5 £ryngium car tile um 1001 Elleborine Alpina 803 Eryngiumpumilu Cluf. 1002.1003 Elleborajlrum 607 Erynoium Jpurium 1 .Dodonai 1001 Ehochryfon 5 20 Eryngium marinum 99 9. 1 0 0 0 Eltofehnum 862.867 Eryngium C .Mediterraneum 999 Elycbnium 625 Eryfrmtm 214 Elychinium . ibid. Eryfmurn Diofcoridis 198 Emeros II57 Eryfltnunifyluefire ibid. Eminion 68 Erythrodanum 96 2 Empetron 429.455 Efula maior Germanic a 404 Endiuia cri/pa 221 Efula minor ibid. Eneapbytlon 327 Euonymus 1286 Enfs 96 Euonymus Tbeopbrajli I 284 Enula 649 Euonymus latifolia ibid. Ephedra 958 Euonymus PanncntcA 12 95 Epbemeron 130 Eupatoria 575 Epbemerum Mathioli 3 95 Eupatorium ibid. Epilinum 462 Eupatorium Mefua 524 Epilobion 388 Eupatorium cannabinum 574 Ep'tmaiorana 5 39 Eupatorium adulter mum ibid. Epimedium 389 Eupatorium Auicenna ibid. Epimelis 1266 Eupbrafla 517 Epipaciis . 803 Euphrafa csrulea Fab. Mont. ibid. Epithymum 462 Eupbrafta altera 85 Ep it by mum Gracorum 4 59 Euphorbium 1016 . 1014 Epitbymbrnm 462 Eupbrofyne 537.85 Equapium 8 66 Eupbrojynum 654 Equinalis 958 Ex uv era i 581 Equifetis ibid. Equifetum ibid. F Equifetum nonius 955 XfAba 103 6 Equifetum nudum ibid. A Fab a fuilla 283 Equifetum fegetale 956 Fab a louts ibid. Equifetum paluflre ibid. Faba inuerft 41 6 Fabaria Faba A Egypt id Feb a barter, [is Fab a fylueflris Fab a Gracorum Fabafrefa, velFraFla Fagi-triticum Fago-triticum Fagus Far Far balicaflrum Farfugium Farr arum Fafchu Fafelus Hircinrss Fafeohts Febrifuge Fegopynm Fel terra Ferrum equinum Ferula Ferulago Ferula nigra Fefluca Fefiuca Italic a Fejluca altera Ficus Ficus fatiua Ficus Pharaonis Ficus zsFgyptra Ficus lndica Ftlago Ftlago minor Ftlago humilis Fdipendula Fi/ipendula mov.tana Fdipendula anguflifolia FiUpendula cicuta facte Fil/pendula aquatic a Filix Filix mat Filix fcomma Fdix palufxrisyvel aquatilis Filtx latifolia Filix Ojserna 914 Filtcula 91i-9%$ F/liculafontanamas & fcemina 980 Filtculapetraa mas & fosmina o8i 41 6 ibid. IO36 ibid. IO37 ibid, ibid. 8 ? ibid. 1255 62 6 3 667 ibid. 1041 IO25 1041 527 8? 456.437 1056.1057 85? 8.8 99 898 8 99 67.1165 67 69 1328.1327 1328 1527 ibid. 1529,1330. 1331 5*7 ibid. 5 1 9 902.900 ibid. 901 ibid. 902 970 969. 970 ibid. 971 ibid. Fiftularia Flammula loutsfurrecla Flos amor is Flos regiiu Flos Tigridis Flos Cue uli Flos Adonis Flos bora Flos C onfantinopolitanus Flos Cali Flos Creticus Flos Hierofolymorunt Flos Ambarualis Flos S. lac obi Flos caryophjllem Flos Melsagris 913 74 1 2 55 923 107 203.481 310 792 380 38s ibid, ibid. 45° 219 473 123 Floret Flores Armerij 480 Flos aureus 5 20 Flos folis 614 Flos folis maior & minor 612 Flos folis minor mas&fcemina 6 13 Flos Rofa 1081 Flos Cyanus 594 Flos lunci 40 Flosfrumentorum ibid. Flos Aphricanus 6 11 Flos ^Aphricanus maior polyanthos pag. 609 Flos ^Aphricanus minor multiflorus pag. 610 Flos Aphricanus maior fimplici flore pag. 611 Foenum 2 Fcenumgracum 1026.1027 Fcenumgracum fylueftre 1068 Fosniculus marinus 428 Fceniculum 877 Fceniculum vulgare ibid. Foeniculum dulce ibid. I N D Tunis arborum Fufanum E X. 714 1285 Foeniculum tortuofum Folium Indicum vel Ind.ttm Font alls Fraga Fraga fubalba Frdearia *£> Fragaria vefcafiae fterilis t Frangula Fraxinella Fran inns Fraxinus bubula flue magna Fraxinus fylueflris Fraxinus vulgaris Fraxinus montan a Frittillaria variegata Frittillus FruElus ficus Indict FruEius v nr typer egrini 1364 Unde- rim genera fiufluum peregrinoru ibid. $9 3 1351 6 1 % 845.844 ibid. 8 44 845 128 6 1065 1289 1290 ibid, ibid, ibid. 122 123 1329 Frumentum Fr amentum Afiaticum Frumentum Turcicum Fmmenti Indict fpica Fmmenti Indict varietales Fuchs herba Fuchs agreflis Fuchs marinus Fuligo Fum aria Fttmaria varietates Fttmaria tcnuifolsa Fumaria latifolia minor Fumaria alba Utifolia Fungi Fund arbor si Fungi lucernarum Fungi vulgatiffmi efiulenti 7 6 1 75 ibid.7 7 ibid. 75-76 6 57 1009 1380 1179 93 o 927.928 928 929 tbid, 1386 ibid. 1385 1384 oAledragon Phniy G alee a Fungi lathales ibid, I 3 8 5 Fung us orbicularis 138s' Fungus virilis penis me Fit ibtd. 1006 'Galcga 1068 G alhtricum 626.627 Galhtricum alteram 626 Galeopfis 568.579 Galeopfts lute A 627 Galla arbor 1167 GalU maior & minor 1165 Galla cum fiuElis 1167 Gallarum dinerfarum figura 1166. 1167 Galii crus <sApttlei 2 6 G alii centrum 627 Gallium 968.967 Gallijvarietates 968 Galbult 1186 Garofmusgarum olens Vena & LO- belij 285 Geminalis 628 Cjenefla 1132 Genicular is 918 Cjenifia 1130.1132 Cjenifia Hifi ante a 113 1 Genifia tenuifolia ibid. G enifla jpinofa 114 o Genifia jpinofa maior & minor 1138 Gem(l a jpinofa flore albo 1139 Genifla jpinofa hnmilis ibid. Genifia aenleata 1140 Genifia aculeata minor , fine nepa Theophrafli t bid. Genifia tinfloria 1136 GenifietU tin florist vel infefloria P a g- 1134 Genifiellapinnata 1135 Genifiella globulata ibid. Genifiella Lagopcidis maior & minor P d g- ibid. Gent tan a 3 y 2 Gent tana maior 3 j r Gentianamaior z.Clufii ibid . Cjenttana minor cruciata ibid. Gentiana Tennei minor 3 51 Gcntiana concaua 353 Cj ent im ella Alpina 11 .Clufii 354 Cjentianellaalpma verna ibid. Geranium ypg, Geranium columbinum 793 Geranium alterum ibid. Geranium Tobertianum 19 -\ Cjeramum Diofcoridis primum 795 Cjeranium tubsrofum vel bulbofum ibid. Geranium mofehatum 796 Geranium batrachioid.es 797 Geranium batrachioides album tbid. G eranium Creticum 7 9 8 Geranium Malacoides ibid. Cjeranium violaceum 800 Geranium maculatum , fine fufeum pag. 7 99 Geranium fanguinarium ibid. Cjeranium mofehatum in odor um 800 G eranium inodor um album ibid. Geum alpinum 64 5 .84 3 Geum Pimp ibid. Cjilarum 457 Gtngidwm 885 Gingidium latifolium ibid. Gingidtum Htjpanicum ibid. Gladiolus 96 Gladioluspaluflris Cordi 2 7 Gladiolus Narbonenfis & Italian 9 5 Gladiolus fegetalis g6 Gians 1158 Terra glandes 105 7.1058 Glans vnguentaria I 214 Glandis calyx 1158 Gians louis 11 54 Gians Sardiana ibid. Gians palmar um 11 3 4 Glafium 394 ’Glafium fatiuum 3 94 Glaux Diofcoridis 1061.1062 Cjlaucium 275.295 Glaux exigua maritima 448 Globulana ^ j 2 qljcyrrhizat 1120 Glycyrrhiz.a Echinata Diofcoridis pag. 11 19 G!jcyrrhiz,a vulgaris ibid. C/ycyrrhiz,a face us 1120 (dlycyrrhiz^on pp - Gnaphalion ^jp Gnaphalium Anglicum 515 Gnaphalium vulgare , tbid. Gnaphalium Hieronym't EBocchij 2 7 Gnaphalium marintm 516 Gnaphalij varietates tbid. Gnaphalium Alpinum 5x7 Gcrgonium ^ygy Goffipium Grumen pratenfe mains & minm 2 Gramen minimum rubrum & album H- 3 Gramen minus duriufculum ibtd. Gramen iunceum ibid. Gramen fegetale ^ Gramen harundinacestm tbid. Gramen agrorum ibid. G rumen fulcatum & pi Bum ibid. 2 5 Gramen miliaceum , 5 G ramen rnai-M aquatic um ibid. Gramen Sorghinum y Gramen harmdinaceum pannicula- turn fat G ramen panniculatum g Gramen fyluatiemn aut nemorofum /*/• ibid. Gramen fomentofiim acerofum ibid. Grasnen plumofim tbid. Gramen Alopeeuroides maim & mi. nus ,&c . p Gramen Typhinu mains & minus 10 Gramen Gramen cyperoides 11 Gramen tunceum aquaticum ibid. Gramen aquaticum I 2 Gramen aquaticum jjncatum ibid. Gramenftuuiat'tle I 3 Gramenfiuuiatile [picatum ibid. Gramen geniculatum , 14 Gramen geniculatum aquaticum ibid Gramen panic earn 1 5 Gramen pa nice am par hum ibid . Gramen cchinatum 16 Gramen exile hirfutum ibid. Gramen birfntum nemorofum 17 Cjramen cyperinum nemorofum ibid. Cjramen mar in am jpicatum . 18 Gramen marinum Jpicatum alteram pag. J 8 Gramen innceum marinum ibid. Gramenp ahtftre cyperoides 19 Gramen cyperoides par aunt ibid. Gramen aquaticum cyperoides vnl- ga tilts t 20 G ramen cyperoides Jpicatum ibid. Cjramen fyluaticum minus ibid. Gramen tunc cum fyluaticum ibid. Gramen harundmaceum maim & minus 21 Gramen caninum 22 Gramen caninum nodofum ibid. Gramen caninum marinum 2 3 Gramen caninum marinum alterum ibid. Gramen caninum fupinum 24 Gramen flriatum ibid. Gramen (JManna efculentum 2 5 Gramen tomentofum 27 Gramen aculeatumPlinif ibid. Gramen leucanthemum 43 Gramen marinum 483 Gramen polyant hemum ibid. Gramen parnajft maim (Jr minus pag. 69 x Granola 466.467 G ratiola lati folia 4 66 G romp hen a Plinij 603 Grojfularia 1143 Grojfus 1328 GuaiacumPatauinum 1310 Gruina 79 3 Grutnalu 79 5 H H Abate ahum folanum 271 Hahcaatbus ibid. Halicacabm peregrinus ibid. Haltmus 420 Harenarta 347 HarmaU 107 2 Harundo 34,35 Harundo vallatoria 32.34 Harundo Cypria ibid. Harundo Saccharine 3 5 Harundoflorid a 3 6 INDEX. Haflitla regia 87.89 Hedera Jo%. Hedera attollcns velajfurgens ibid. Hedera helix velftenlts ibid. Hedera corymb oft ibid Hedera arborea ibid. Hedera muralis ibid. Hedera terreHr is 705. an Chama- c iff us veterum ibid. 706 HvdcraCtlicia 7 1 2 Hedera humihs 705 He derails 7 5 I Hedetula aquatic a 6 81 Hedypnois 2 21.2 24 Hcdypnois Pltnij 228 Hedyfarum ' • 1 o 5 7 Hedyfarum maim I o 5 6 Hed.yfarumglycyrria.atum tbtd. Hclentum 649 Pie hunt he II02 Hehantbemum ; - tbtd.. Hchanthemum zyinglicum luteum pag. 11OO Hehantbemum Anglicism album tb. Hehantbemum luteum Germantcum ibid. - " i Hchanthemum Sabaudicum 1 1 o I Hehantbemum anguflijohum tbtd. Hehce 1205 Heliocaliis 1102 Helleborafler 49 Hc lie b or abler maximm 826 He lie boras hum 608.825 Helleboruf ntgerferu/acem 607 Hsllcborm moer verm 825 Hclleborm alb us 35^357 HeHeborm albm pracox 356 Helieborine 35 8 -35 9 Helieborine fore albo 35 8 Helieborine angufiifolia quinta Clusij ibid. Heliochryfon 520 Hchnehryf/sJyueftris 522 He hot r opium 2 66 Heliotropium m tins & minus 2 64 Hehotr opium fupinum Clusij & L’O- betij 265 PJeltotropium rectum 264 Hehotropmm trie cecum 265 He lx we 261 He Vine cijfampelos 713.714 Hemerocallis pi Hemerocallis ZJalentina 13 7.1 51 Hemerocallis Chalcidonica 152 Hepatica 1376 Hepatic a terreblrls 13 7 5 Hepatica altera ibid. Hepatica petraa 1 3 7 6 Hepatica aquatica 6 81 Hepa tic a alba ibid 692 Hepatica trtfolia 1032 Hepatica aurea ibid. Hepatorirtm 5 74 Hepatorium cannabinum ibid. 57 ; 7 .« 84 o Hepatorium a. i ili tritium Hepfema H-ptapbjllon PJcrba facra ...... Herba ana turn »> .; Herba Gerardi Herba falax v IS ?3 Herba Hunqarica (.,....0.706 Herba S.lacobi ; 7 3 1 9 Herba cancri „ ; . . 0 26 6 Herba Sim eon is axrf'Sh Herba Opfago ;?.v. ali/0 Herba ficra vel fan eta 2 8<> ^di "A' 347 Herba Liburnrca Herba fort is Herba Paris 328:329 Herba Doria VObelij 3 5 0. Iferbacattaria .554 Herb a pedicular is \ 598 Herba coxendrcum ' 4 “ 4 Herba Stct liana 43 5 Herba fr/nana 4 9 Herb aftndtoforum 444 Herbapuhcaris 471 HerbamargaritA 51 2 Herba impia 517.519 Herba Graca .. . . 5 24 Herba D.(JWarU ■ ibid. Herba ludaica 565 / 7 rr£* eAigyptia -.5 66 Herba cafia 831 Herba ben edict a 843 Herba alba 944 Herba falutaris 11 5 3 Herba Trwitatis 103a Her but um nj Herculania '581 Herculis claua 674 Herniarict 454,455 Herniola did. Hermaphroditiciorchis \6% Htberis j p -j Hierabotanc <r 31, ? 81 /for* Hieribulbus vel Hterobulbm ibid. Hter actum 237 /for actum maim (Jr minus TDiofco- ridis 232 Hteraciumfalcatum VObelij 235 Hter actum nigrum 233 Hieracium Uporinum ibid. Hter actum latifclmm ibid. Hieracium montanum 237 Hieracium Aphacoides 234 Hieracium intybaceum latifolium ibid .236 v Hter actum primum Clusij 237 Hieracium longim radicatum 234 Hieracium afperum ibid. Hieracium 5. ibid.&c. 238 Hippomanes 278 Hippolapathum fttiuum 313 Hippolapathum rotundifolium ibid Htppogloffum 761 2 Ibbbb Hippoglofjum INDEX. tfippoglojfum mas&foemina 761 Hypociflis 1099 June in bombicinus 27 Hippogloflum Mathioli ibid. Hyffopus 4 6$ 1 uncus cyperoides floridus paludofus Hippofehnum 866 Hy flop us Arabum 464 pag. 27 Hippofehnum agrefle 869 Hyffopus Arabumflore rubro ibid. Iuncus angulvfus,quadrat us Ay trian - Hirci barb a 5 96 Hyffopus albisfloribus 4^5 gularis 29 Hirci triticum 83 Hyflop us tenuifolia ibid. Iuncus marinusgramineut 30 Hirculus 920 Iuncus Ixuis ibid. Htrundinaria 75 1 I '.-.V W:;. Iuncus aquatic us 3 1 Hirundinaria minor 669 00 \V . Iuncusacutus ibid; Hirundinaria mcuor 9 11 T e Hcobea -219 Iuncus odor at su 40 Holchus 67 JL Iacobea marina 218 Iuni per us Il8o Holofleum 42. Iacea 7°4 lumper us maximus , vel Imiperus Holofleum Mathioli 2 Iacea nigra 588.590 maximus I/lyricus earnica bacca Holofleum Salamanticum 34 2 ' Iacea nigra v arid At 0 589 1189 Holofleum paruum ibid . Iacea maior 588 Ixia 1 1 69.an Chameleon niger ibid\ Holofleum petr&um 243 Iacea montana 589 Holofltum lacuna 514V Iacea tuberofa ibid. L Hordeum 64 Iafininum 746. eius varietates 745. Hordeum nudum 66 746 T Abeonia 562 Hordeum poly Ehchum vernum 64. lafminum Mex'tcanum 273 XsLabrum Veneris 1006 Hordeum diflicbon 67 lberis cardamantica 1 97 Labrufca 727 Hordeum flurium ibid. lbiga 422 Laburnum 1239 Hordeum murinum 7 1 Ibifcus 789 Laccacum fuisbactllis 135° Horminum . 628 Imperatoria 848.849 Lacer 854 Horminum fyluefire ibid.- Ilex 1159.1161 Lachryma Iobi 82 Horminum luteum 627 Ilex coccigera vel coccifera ibid. LaEiucella 232 Horminum Tridentinum ibtd. Ilexglandifera 1 161 LaEiuca leporina ibid. Horminum blue fire folijs purpurds lllecebra 415.416 LaEiucafdttua 239 m- 62 8 Inguinalis 393 LaEiuca cnjpa ibid . Humi-buxus 1226 Inula 649 L a Eluca crijpa alt era 240 Hyacintbus 97. eiusvariesfpecies Infana 285 LaEiuca Sabaudtca ibid . pag. 97 98.99.100.103.104 In fan a mala 2 74 LaEiuca capitata ibid. Hyacinth'; Anglicus 99 Inty bum fatiuum 221.222 LaEiuca intybacea ibid. Hyacinth usflellatus JctichB 97 lAiybum efra-ticum ibid. LaEiuca Ccctltana 241 Hyacintbus Certmnicus liltflorus Intybum fyluefire 221.223 LaEiuca Romana ibid. pag. 98 Intybum fyluefire latifohum ibid. LaEiuca Cypria ibid. Hyacintbus comofus- 103 Inula ruflica 661 LaEiuca agnina - 242 Hyacintbus botry aides i °5 Iris 46.50 LaEiuca agnina latifolia ibid. Hyacintbus Neoticorum Dodonsi Iris vulgaris 46 Lachryma abietis,vel abiegna 1182 ibid. Iris paluflris lutea ibid. Lachryma luniperi 1189 Hyacintbus fylueflris Cordi ibid. Iris Florentina 47 Ladanon vel Ladon 1108 Hyacintbus exiguus Tragi. ibid. Iris Dalmaticamaior & minor 48 Lagopodtum 1023.1024 Hyacintbus autumn alts maior 9 8 Iris b flora 49 Lagopus ibid. Hydrolapathum magnum 312 Iris violacea ibid. Lagopum maximum ibid. Hydrolapathum minus ibid. Iris Pannonica ibid. Lamium 5 68 Hydropiper 2,61 Iris Camerarij ibid. Lami) varietates 567.568 Hydrofelinum 867 Iris lutea variegata 51 Lamium Pannonicum ibid. Hyopbtbalmon 393 Ins Cbalcedonica ibid. LampfanA 1 99 Hyoflris 223 Iris fylueflris By cantina 5 2 Lampuca 23 6 Hyoflris mafcula 227 Iris bulb 0fa 9 3 , eiuflfe varietates Lanceola 34 * Hyofciris 223 pag 92.93 Lapathum 314 Hyofcyamus 283 Iris tuberofa 94 Lapathum acutum 311 Hyofcyamus Pemuianus 2 78.285. Irio & Irion 198 Laoathum acutum minimum ibid. 28 6. Ifatis 394 Lapathum fanguineum 3 J 4 Hyofcyamus niger 283 lfchamon • 26 Lapathum aciclum 321 Hyofcyamus alb us ibid. Ifchamon Plinij ibid . Lapathum tuberofum ibid. Hyofcyamus lutern 284 Ifophyllon 485 Lappa inuerfa 57 * Hyofcyamus dubius ibid. Ifopyrum 1025 Lappa minor 964 Hypericum 432.435 lua mofehata 422 Larix 1180 Hypericum Syrianum ibid. lua mufehata Monfbeliaca ibid. Laricis ramulus 1183 Hypericu tomentofum UObelij 4 3 3 luglahs 1252 Larix cum agarico fuo ibid. Hypecoon 792 luiube Arabum 1318 Lafer 854 Hypecoum Clusij 9°9 Iuncaria Salmanticenfls 958 Laferpitium 853,854 Hypoch&ns ,pQrcell'iA 227 Iuncus 40 Lathyris 405 Lathyrtu INDEX. Lathyrus i °54 Ltbanotis Theophrafli minor 857 Latsandula 468 Libanotis Theophrafli nigra 858 Lavandula flore c&t'uleo 467 Ltbanotis Galent ibid. Lavandulaflore albo 467 Lichen 1376.1378 Lauandula hortenfs minima 468 Lichen arborum 1377 Lauer mains Diofcoridis 201 Lichen martnus ibid. Latter Crateua ibid. Ligna lapidea,fue in lapides conuerfa Latter,Lauacrunt 1006 pag. 1390 Laurentina 506 Lignum vita. 1303 Laureola 1116.1219 Lignum dulce 1349 Laureola florens 1219 Liguflicum 855 L attreola cumpuflu ibtd. Ligttflrum 7 H Lattrio 457 Ltguflrum nigrum 7*5 Lauras 1223 Ligujlrumfrtttex 1208. an Cyprus Lattrns mas 1222 tbtd. 1210 Laurus fcemina ibtd. Liliaflhodeltss 9 1 Lattrus fylueflris 1225 Lilt ago 4591 Lauras linns I 224 Ltltajlrttm ibid. Lattrus Linus LtifitAnica ibtd. Ltlium non bulboftm 90 Lour us Alexandria & Ida* 761 Lilto-narcifftii vane gains 123 Lattrus rofea I 220 Ltlium M 7 Laun bacca 1223 Liltum album 146 Lefltpes 545 Liltum album Byz.antinum ibid. 147 Ledanon 1108 Ltlium aureum 148 Ledon ibid , Ldium rubrum tbtd. Lens 1050 Ltlium cruenttim latifolium M 9 Lens maior & minor 1049 Lihum 'Byz.amtnum MI Lens acjuattlis 680 Ltlium S*racenicum 151 Lensp duflris&lacufiris ibtd. Ltlium fyluefire ibid. Lenticula loco Ltlium montantim tbtd. Lenttfctts 1243.1244 Lthum P erf cum 152 Lent!fan a reflna ibid. Ltlium conttallium 3 3 I.332 Leontion 487 Limodoron 10 99 Leant ope talon 182 Ltmonta 99 4 Leonis folium ibtd. Ltmomum 330.33 2-3 3 3 heontopodium paruttm 5,8 Lwtonium Gefheri 323 Leontopodton ibidt Limoni urn paruum 332 Geontoflomium 439 L'tmnefium 467 Teontoflamum 93 6 Linaria 44° 444 * Lepidtttm 19 ] Linaria purpurea odorata 440 Lepidtttm ix£gineta & L'Obel. 187 Linarta Ualentta ibid. Leucas 52 9 Linaria aurea 442' *22 Teucacanthit 996 Linaria pafferina 443 d-eucanthemis 616 Linaria pttrpea altera 44 1 h-eucanthemon ibtd. Lingua canis 659 Lcucograph/s 989 Lingua, bubula 654 Leucoium 375 Lingua vulneraria 327 Letsc oium bulboftm pracox 120 Ltnttm 445 ■k ettcoiitm bulb oft m ferotinum ibid. Linumpratenfe Cordt 27 ■k eucoium lutettm 371 Linttm fatiuum 444 L ettcoiitm bulboftm maim 121 Linum fyluefire fionbus alb is 446 Lettroittm album 372 Linum fyluefire tenuifcltum ibtd. Leucctum purpureum ibtd. Linofyrts Nuperorum 442 Leucoium violaceum 373 Lithofermum 87 Lettcottsm fyluefire ibid. Lithofpermum mains & minus ibid. Leucoium mar inti flore can dido L'O- L oh urn 926 belij 31 A Lolium rubrum 71 Leucoium marinum Utifolium 375 Lohum album ibid. Leucoium marinum lutettm mat us Lolium murinum ibid. Clusij & L Obeli] ibid. Lonchitis a [her a 978.979 Lent fit cum 855 Lonchitis <JMaranth<t ibid. Istbadion 437 Lotus I02 9 Libanotis 858 Lotus trifolia corniculata 1028 Libanotis Theophrafli maior 857 1029 Lotus cjuadrifolia ibid „ Lotus incana 3022 Lotus vrbana velfatitid 3 026 Lotus arbor 1308,1309 Lotus Theophrafli 1310 Lucernula 381 Lunaria 378 Lunarta Grmca tbtd. Lunaria minor . 3 29 Lunaria maior 971 Lupt crepitus 13 85 .1386 Lupin us 1043 Lupinus fatiuui tbtd. Lupin us fore luteo ibid. Lupin us fore camlet) ibtd . Lupus faltflarius 737 Lupulus fylueflris tbtd. Luteola 398 Lychnis 385. Lychnis Chalcedotiica 3 80 Lychnis coronaria rubra 381 Lychnis coronaria velfitiua ibid. Lychnis fylueflris 48: 2.385 Lychnis fylueflris rubella flare 382 Lychnis marina aMnglica ibid. Lychnis fylueflris hirta 383 Lychnis fylueflris prima Clusij tbtd. Lychnis hirta minima ibid. Lychnis fylueflris incana ibid. Lychnis fylueflris alba 384 Lychnis cauliculis flriatis Clusij ibtd. Lychnis plum art a 385 Lycium 1151 Lycium Htfp ante tttn ibid. Lycollonon 823 Lycoflononflore T)elphinij Si? 822. Lycoflonon csruleum paruum ibid. Ly cofloni Ac outturn 823 Lycopfls Anglica 658 Lychnoides fegetum 926 Lycopertium 2 75 Lyccpodion 1374 Lycoflaphylos 3257 Lyflmachia 388 Lyflmachium ibid. Lyflmachia lute a 3 86 Lyflmachia purpurea flic at a ibid. Lyflmachia fllicjuofa ibid . Lyflmachia campeftris 387 Lyfmachia fyluatica , tbtd. M nert 3 3 5 3 "\ /! <tAcaleb Gefl -*■ V -i -Macia Macis tJMadon Maiorana Maiorana maior Maiorana maior ^Annhca 12 IT 495 •1354 72'0 539 518 ibid-. Maior am tenuifoha 5 3 9, an Maio¬ rana fit Sampfychutn 539 Malabathrum 1 3 5 I TBbbbb 2 MaU INDEX. Mala nAEthiopica 27 6 Adarrubiaflrum 5 66 Mercurialis mat ibid.&c. Mala in fan m 274 Mart agon album Byz.antinum 147 Mercurialtsfylueflris 264 (JMahcorium s 262 Mart agon impertale * 5 ! Mefiilm 1265.1266 Malmathalla 274.276 Marum 540 • 544-545 Mefiilm Aronia ibid. Malua hortenfis 782 Marum Syr'tacum tbtd. Mefitlum 12 66 Malm rofea [implex peregrin a ibid. Maflicbe 1244 Meum 895 Malm purpurea multiplex 783 Mater Herculania 674 Mez.ereon 1216 Malm hortenfis multipliciflore ibid. Matricalis 581 Milium 73 Malm arborea flore nigro multiplici Matricaria 526.527 Milium fyluefire 26 pag. 7 8 4 Matricaria dupliciflore 526 Milium nigrum ibid. Malm fylueflris 785.786 Matrifaluia 627 Milium Indicum 77 Malm fylueflris pumila 785 Mecboacan 7 23. an fit Bryonia fie- Mihum fyluatkum % eJMalm crifia ibtd. cies aut Rha album 7 2 4 Millefolium 679.914 Malm verbenaca ibid . Mecon Ceratites 295 Millefolium fyluefire 902 Malm boraria 791 Mecboacan Peruutamm 7 2 3 Millefolium terreflre vulgare $14 Malum 1275 Medica 1030 Millefoliumfiore rubro ibid. Malum cotoneum 1264 Medium Diofcoridij 53 Millefolium luteum 915.916 Malum medtcum fine c'ttrium 1282 Melfiugum 79 Millefolium nob tie tbtd. Malum Hefiericttm ibid. Melampodion 826 Millefolium ftratiotes 9 16 Malum Umontum ibtd. Melampyrum 214 Millefolium minus ibtd. Malum Anarantium, fine &, Aneran- Melampyrum album *3 Mdlemorbia 580 mm ibid. Melampyrum luteum 84 Mditaris 914 ijvlalum fisnofum 278 Melanthium 924.926 Military Ai&oides 6 77 tJMalum t errefire 281 Melanthium fyluefire 9 H Mdttaris aquattca ibtd. eJMalum Armeniacum 1261 Melanthium Damafcenum 925 Mimmulm herba 913 Malum Punicum 1 262 Mcltca 77 Mirabtlia Peruutana 272 tjAdalm perfca 1259 Melefia 1082 Mirobalani Chebula , Teller tea, Em - Malm armeniacet 1261 Melilotm 1035 bhc&JndiCA 1316 Maine armeniaca mat or & minor Melilotm Syriac a odor A 1033 Mitbridatium 535 pag. 1260 Melilotm Italica & PatauinA ibid. Moloche 191 Maine granata, fne Malm punica Melilotm Germanic a 1034 Molochia 54 9 pag. 1262 Melilotm coronata ibid. Molon 902 Maine 1275 Melipbyllon 560 Mollugo 968 tJMalue curb on art a 1273 Meltjfi 558.560 Mollugo montan A 96 7 Maine carbon aria Ion go fuel u ibid. Meliffa Turcica 558 Moly *45 Malm regain 1 2 74 Mehffa Molucca Uuis & fiinofa 559 Moly Hippocraticum 142 Malm re gin alls ibtd. Me/ijfopby/lon 560 Moly fDtofcoridcum 143 tj\d<dm flue fir ie rubens I 276 Me lit ten a 562 Moly ferpentinum ibid. Malm fylueflns alba ibtd. Mein t is 560 Moly Homericum 144 tJMalm fylueflris minor 1277 Melo 771.772 Moly Indicum ibtd. Malm duracina fylueflris tbtd. Melo Saccharinm ibid. Molybdana 1070 Malm medica , fuse tJMalm citna Melo Hifianicus ibid. Adolle, fiue Molly Clusiy & UObeliy I 280.1278 Melocardum echmatm Pena & pag. I346. i 347 iJMalm limonia ibtd. UObeliy 1013 Adonophyllon 330 Malm arantia 1279 Melopepon 772 Montiulmw 1297 Malm Ajfyria tbtd. Ade lor turn 279 Morion 281 UAdalm CotoncA I 264 Melofiinum 278 Morofycon 1327 Malm canina. 281 Memacylum I311 Morum 1325 UAdan dr agorae 281 Memiren Serapionis 669 Morum %nbi 1091 UManns, or amen 26 Mentha S53 Moras I3 2 5 iHAtanna graminieSecies altera ibid. Mentha fatiua rubrA 55 2 Morns alba ibid. Mar at brum 877 Mentha cruciata ibid. 553 Morns i/Egyptia 1327 Maratripbylion jlore & femine ‘Ra- Adentha Sarracenica 553 Alula herba 919 nucultaquatici,Hepatic# facie bye) Adentha Romana ibtd. Mudion 1157 S .Maria herb a 553 Mentha Graca 520 Muralis 261 Marinella 918 Mentha corymbifera ibid. Muralium ibid . Cjldarifia 234 Mentha card.iaca 553 'Mur is cauda 346 Marrubium 562 Mentha angufltfolia ibid. Murica 1195 Mar rub turn album 561 Mentha Fehna 554 Mu fa 1333 Marrubium Hifianicum 562 Mentha Cattaria altera ibid. Mu fa Serapionis 1332 iMarntluum Creticum ibid. Mentha aquatica 555 Mufa fruflus ibid. Marrubium aqndt .fgpduslre 565 Mentha fifymbria ibid. Adufcari Clusty 105 Marrubium nigrum 566 Mentaflrum 557 d^ufeariflauum ibid. Marrubium fiurium ibid. Mercuridis 262 MufcipuU UObeliy 481.482 Mttfcus Mufcus 1369.1376 Mufcus quernus ibid. Mufcus terrefiris 1 3 74 (JMufcus terrefiru vulgaris 1370 Mufcus terrefiris fcopanus ibtd. tJMufcus capillar is 1371.1374 Adufcus capillaru minor ibid. Ain fens ramofus 1 3 7 2 tJPIufcus ramofusfioridus ibid. Mu feus filicinus ibtd. Mujcus cormculatus ibid. Mufcus denticuktus 1 3 7 3 Mufcus denticulatus minor ibid. (JMufcus clmatus, fine Lycopodium pag. 1374 Mufcus e x cranio bumano ibid. Mufcus marmus 13 75M 3 80 Mufcus corallinus ibid. Mufium 729 Myagrum 21 3.214 My 0fur os 34 6 Myrica 1195.1200 Myriophyllum . 679 ( JMyrrba,& Myrrhis 883 Myrrhida Pliny 7 96 Myrtus acuta 759 Mfortus fyluefiris ibid. Myrtus agria 760 Myrtusarbor 1226.1227 (JMyrtus Boetica latifolia, vel Myr¬ tus laurea 1227 Myrtus exotica,& Tarentina ibid. Myrtus Candida, nigra, fylueilris, ibid. Myrtus 'Brabantica 1228 Aiyrtociflus Ihoma Pcnnei AngU pag. 1097 Myxa, & My x art a 1 3 1 5 N \T Apellus IN Navellh Napellus Moyfis 824 820 INDEX. Nardus Cretica 918 Nardus Indica 9 21 Nardus Celtica 919 Nardus Celtica repens ibid Nardus mont ana 922 Nardus Narbonenfis 921 Naflos C/usij 3 4 Nafturtium 19 5 Nafiurtium Hibernum 188 Nafiurtiumbortenfe 194 Nafiurtium H'fpamcum ibtd. Nafiurtium Petr&um VObelij ibid. Nafiurtium Indicum 196 Nail art if Indict flares & femtna a o jOellus Damafcemis 473 " Ocellus Barbaricus ibid. Ocimum 547 Ocimum magnum ibtd. Ocimum medium citratum ibtd. Ocimum minus qariophyllatum ibtd. Ocimum fyluefire 548 Ocularis 537 Ocymafirum 5 51 Ocymaflrum multiflorum ibid. Ocymafirum altcrum ibid. ibid. Ocymum 54 9 Nafiurtium fylue fire 197 Ocymoides tbtd. Nafiurtium aquaticum 200.201 Ocymoides repens ibib. Nafiurtium aquaticum minus 203 Odontites 85 Nafiurtium teclorum 206 Oenanthe 906 Nepa Theophrafii 1140 Oenanthe aquatic A 902 Nephelion 66 3 Olea fatiua I 205.1027 Nerion 1220 Olea fyluefiris, & Olea tAitbiopica Nerium flue Oleander ibid. pag. ibid. Neriumflore albo 1220 Oleago 1215 Nicophoron 711 Oleaftellus ibid. Nidus auis 17 6 Oleafier 1207 Nigella 926 Oliua ibid. Nigella Tfomar.a ibtd. Oliuella 121% Nigellaflore albo multiplies 925 • Olfentchium 867.902 Nigellaflrum 926 Olus 257. i 66 Nuces cuprcjfi 1186 Olus aureum 2 57 Nugesfagi 1255 Olus fpinacheum 260 Nuces pinea "74 Olus Htjpamcum ibid. Nuces vomica 1362 Olus atrum 8 66 Nuces purgantes ibid. Ompbacis ;• 1138 Nuclei 727 Omphacitis 11 66 Nucula Indica 1338 Onitis 542 Nucula terreflris 906 Onobrychis 1062.1064 Nummularia 5°5 Onobrychis flore purpureo 1061 Nummularia minor ibid. Onobrychis 2.Clusij 1063 Nux auellana arbor 1250 Onobrychis 3 . Clusij , flore pal/ido Nux veficaria 1249 v a g - tbid. Nux auellana pumila Byz.anttna Onobrychis Montana ^.Clusiy 1064 Napellus verus earn lens 823 pag. 1251 Onccleia 6 57 Nap us 181 Nux Pontica ibid. Ononis 1142 Napium 199 Nux parua tbid. Onofina 658 Narctfftts 114 Nux Heracleotica ibid. Onopordcn loro Narciffivaru fbecies 108.109.110 Nux Pranefiina ibid. Onopteris mas,& feemina 97 3 IU.I12.113. Nux auellana ibtd-. Opalis grata 439 Narcijfus caruleus Bocchij 98 Nux Iuglans I232 Ophiogloffon 327.329 Narciffus medtopurpureus 108 Nux regta ibid. Ophrts 3 2 7 Narcijfus medio purpureas pr&coctar Nux Perfica ibid-. Ophris bifolia, <& trifolta 3 26 M- 109 Nux Indica arbor 1338 Ophthalmica 537 Narcijfus medio lut.eus 110 Nux Indica ibid. Opulus 15 ? 7 Narcijfus ferotinus minor ibid. Nux Myrijhca & Macts r 3 53 Opuntia 1 3 3 0< 1 3 5 3 Narcijfus pi fan us ibid. 1 3 54 Orbicularis radix 69 V Narcijfus lotus albus 11 r Nux mofehata ibid. Oreofelmum . 86* Narcijfus iuncifohus pracox 112 Nux Bandenfis ibid. Orchis '15 Narcijfus Perficus 113 Nymphaa 674 Orchis mat 15 9 Narcijfus autumnalis maior ibid. Nympho, a parua 671 Orchis Delphinia ibid. Narcijfus luteus poly ant bos ii 6 Nymph as. varietas 672 Orchis Saurodes 161 Narcijfus Conflantinopolitanus '57 Nymphoa. alba minor 673 Orchis mehtttas ' 6 5 Nardus 921 Nymph aa lute a minor ibid. Orchis my odes ibid. Nardus rufiica 688.843.918 Nympho, a lute a minim A 67 4 Orchis my odes lute* 164 •a Orchts Orchis my odes minor l6 4 Orchis omuhophora 165 Orchis ornithophora folio mciculofo ibid, ibid, ibid. 166 ibid. X 68.1 69 ibid. f a X' Orchis ornithophorii Candida Orchis fir at eumatic a Orchisfir ate umatica minor Orchis andrachnttis Orchis Frifia Orchis Leodienfis Ochimaftrum Oreofelinum Origanum fylueficre Origanum Heracleoticnm Origanum album Origanum Anglicunt Origanum Crane urn Orneogtoffum Orn'thooalum ^ £> Ornithofralum Pannontcum Ornithogalum luteum Ormthopodimn Ormu Orobus receptus Herbariorum 1 o 51 Orontium Oruala Gryz>a Ofwunda Ofmunda regal is Oflcocollm Ofyris Qfyris alba Ofyris purpura csrulea Ofyris Grstcorum Qflryayvel Ofirjs Othonna Oxalis Oxalis tuberofa Oxalis tenuifolia Oxalis Roman a Oxalu crijpa Oxalis minor,& minima Oxya Oxjacantha Galeni Oxy acanthus Oxycantha Gxyeedrus O-xycedms Phoenicia Qyycedrus Lycia Qxyrpccon OxyPpathum 'Ojcymyrfine Oxys 1031 xius v art etas 19% 863 542 5 4 1 ibtd. ibid , ibtd. I 289 132 ibid, ibid. 1061 I 290 LO5I 419 627 71 91 * ibid. . 661 444 44 * ibid. 441 1255 6 11 51 9 ibid. 3 20 ibid, ibid. 321 , 1254 1144,1145 1146 3088 I 191 ibid. ibid. 1367 3 ** 760 IO30 Oxj triphyllum Scribonij Largt 1022 I ;> O P P iAEonia 831 Pao-ta mas & foe min a 830 Psent afoemina multiplex 8 31 Pdonia foemina poly ant hos florc alba fag. ibid, p-^oma feemina altera 3 vel Psonia promfetsa . ibid. INDEX. C P sonia lunar is ibid. P alalia 69 5 Paliurus XI 53.1x54 Palma 1333.1334 Palmapinus , fine Palma comfera pag. 1335 Palmarumfruftus, & fores cum E- late ibtd. Palma cerebrum 13 3 6 Palmites I 335 * 1 33 < ^ PalmaChrtfii 170 Palma Chnftt mas 1 69 Palma Chnfiifcemina ibid. Palma Chr/fti palufiris 175 Palma Chrifii radice repente ibid. Palmuii 1 3 3 4 Paludapium 862 Par:ax Heracleum 850 Panax Heracleum mains ibtd. Panax Colont 852 Pan aces 851 Panaces HercuUnttm ibid. Pancratium I 3 7 Pancratium Clusiy J 3 <5 Pancratium mar mum ibid. Pancratium mar mum lut cum ibid. Pant cum ' 79 Panicum ffiueftre, &paluftre 2 6 Panicum Indicum , & panicum ca~ ruleum 78 Panicum melyne, & Panicum fylue- - fire 79 Panus x 1 6 3 Papaucrculum 182 Papiuer 298 Papautr palufire 674 e .Papaueris cornuti varieties 294 T apart er fat iuum album 296 Papauer fatiuum nigrum ibid. ‘Tap auer nigrum poiyambon ibid. Papaueris cat era. varietaies 2 96. 297. 298 PapauerTghxas 299 Papayter erraticum ibid. Papguer fl/adum ibid. \Ps pauerfpumeum 467,5 1 Papyrus Ntloltca v 37 Purist aria. 261 Paronychia' • 500 'Paronychia hitifolia 499 Paronychia vulgaris ibid. Paronychia rutaceo folio ibid* Paronychia laciniata ibid. Par then is 946 Parthenium 527.618 Partkenion 946 PaffuLi wont ana 398 P.tflinaca 870 Pfilinaca latifolia fatiuet ibid. P-ifiinaca acfuatica 20 x Pxfimaca latifoha fyluifiris 870 Taftinaca marina 428 Pafiinaca fatiua tenuifolia 872 pafiwacafyluefins tenuifolia 873 Pafioris Bur fa 215 Peften Ueneris 884 Pedicularis 9*3 P eduncularia 398 Peoanon u 1072 Pentapbyllon 839 Pentaphyllum purpureum 836 Pentaphyllum rubrum palufirt * ibid. Pentaphyllum petrofum heptapbyllum Clusiy 8 37 Pentaphyllum fupinum ibid. PentaphylUa incana plant A 838 Pep/is 406 Peplion J 2 19 Pep/us ibid. Pcpo 11% Pepo maximm oblongus 113 Pepo maximm rot undue ibid. Pepo maximm ccmprejjus 774 Pepo maximm clypeatus ibtd. c Pepo Indian rmnorrotundns ibid. Pepo Indicia angulofus ibid. Pepo In die us fun gif or mis 11% Pepones flue fires H6 Pepone/la 889 Per dictum 261 Pergalntm 301 Perfoh at a 430 Perfdiata vulgaris . ibid. P erfoltata filicpttofa ibid. P ericlymenum 74 ? P e riclymemmpsrfoliatum ibid. Periclymenum flans aut reftum pag. III? P ericlymenum reft urn Sabaudicum P a i‘ 1111 Periclymenum reftum Germanicum ibid. Penclymenum reftum cum fruftn csruleo I i 12 Periclymenum reftum cum frssftit nigro ibid. Periploca 1%% Periploca repens ibid. Perpcnfii 688 Perfca,vel Psrfica malm 125 9' T erficapracox 1258 Perfics. variet.at.es ibid. Perficaria 1: 361 Perlcaria maculefa ibid. p trfic aria fih quo fa ibid. p erf cum malum 1259 Ferfonata & P erfonatia 1 66 5 Pes leoninus 182.518 Pes grdhnaccus 206.868 Pes anferimu 259 Pesleporis 1023.1024 Petafites. 668 P etafite*forms ibid. Petafnis folia ibid. P ctrafindula 888 P ctrcfclrnum 861.865 Petrofelinutn UWaccdonicum ibid. PetrofiltHnm Mac {done. Fuch. 8 64 Petrofelinutn I . N D E X. Vcirofelintm Macedomcum verum Pinm fylueflris 117 5. 1177 Polium 528.529 pag. 864 Pinm fyluejlris mu go tbtd. 11 7 0 Polly montani varie fates 5 2 i 3.529 S.Petri herba 537 Pinm !) lueflris montana ibid. Pclyacar.tha *. ' * • 1004 Peucedanum, fine Pencedanos 896. Ptnits fyluejlris momana minor ibtjL Poly anyth emum 805 897 .'V - Pinm mar turn a maior 1176. l-vyj P olyanthemum aquaticum 681 Peucedanum maim ibid. Pinm UVlacedonum mas 1178 Poly gala 45 1 Pez,ica 138 6 Ptnus Idxa Tbesphr jh ibid. P fly gala repens 499 Phalangfnm 44-45 Piper 1356 P ok gala varie tat cs ibid. 450 Phalangtitm ramofum 44 Piper Indtcum.eyfr Calecuthiftn. 293 ’ Poly gala obfoie to fore . tbid. Phalangium Creu 44 Piper aquatic am * - 561 Pilygalon ibid. Phalarts 80 Piper Hifpanicum 293 Polycarpum 8 1 Ph alar is pratenfs ibid. Piper anrejls I 202 Pdycritum tbicL Pbafelm 1041 P>pei*i/£tbiepicHr/i 1355. 1356 Polygon at uni 7 5 6.7 5 8 ‘pbafeolm 1041.1042 Piper mo rum , album or longum Poljgonatum minm 756 Pbafeolm albm & nicer 1038 pag. *355 P olygonatum 1. Clusij tbid. Pbafeolm 'Brafiltanm 1040 piper longum.maim or minus ibid. Poljgonatum ramofum ibid. Pbafeoli Brajiliani ad viuum ibid . P tpo r AdAthioli 1356 Polygonatum acutum Clusij 757 Pbafeoli Prafhan't 12. genera 1041 Piperitis •' ■ 293 P olygonatum ar.gufi folium ibid. Pbafeolorum I 2 .genera ibid. Piffaff ballon I 271 Polygonum 453 Pbafeoli a/imenci pure antes 1040 Ptfacti 1248 Polygonum mas vulgare 45 ] [ > 45 * Pbafeolm zAigyptiacm tbtd. Pi fine ion ibid. Polygonum mas minm tbtd. Pbafganum 9 6 Piftatwm Germanicum 1249 Polygonum montanum ibid. Pbafganion 66 5 Ptfum i °47 Polygonum felinoides 453 ‘Phellandrium 888 Ptfam maim fine. Bgmanum i °45 Polypodium 972 ‘Pbtlambropos 575.964 x °47 Polypodium quercinum 974 Pbilipendula 902 Pifum minm mid. Poly trichum 983.985. 1 374 Pbiltpendula aquatic a ibid. Ptfum cor datum 271 Polytrichon Apulcij ibid. Pbillyrea «%2o8. 1210.1215 Ptfum vmbellutum IO45 Poly (per mon Caffant 2 57 Pbillyrea anguflifolia 1 209 Pifum excorticatunt ibid. pomum 1275 Pbillyrea jattorefolio tbtd. Ptfum fylueflre 104 6 Pom urn aureum 275 'pbillyreaferrata l.Clusij 1210 Ptfum fylueflre pcrenne ibid. Pomum fprsofum 2 78 Pbillyrea arbor, verior APacaleb Pifum Gracorurn I0 54 Pomum Hierofolymitanum 291 pag. I 2 X I Pituitaria 3.98 Pomum mirabile ibid. Philyca 1213 Pitys 1173 Pomum cydontum I 262 Pbiflacion I 248 Pityocampa ibid. Pomum AJfjrium 1281 Pbleum 42 Pityufa t 4°4 P omits 1275 Ph ante ion 495 Ptxhqttida 1180 Populago 671 Phoenix 7 1 PtX arida velfcca ibid. Populm alba 13 01. 1302 Pbyllitis 97^977 Placida Ouercm 11 57 Populm nigra 1301 I 3°3 Pbillytis multifida 976 Plantago 34° Populm libyca 1302 Pbyllon 262 Plant ago aquatic a 337.338 Populm tremuUjiHe montana ibid. P by lion Thetygonon 263.264 Pluntagoaquciuca humilis ibid. 1303 P by Hon Arrbenogonon ibid. Plantago latifohd ibid. Populm Americana 1302 Pbyteuma 318 Plantago tncana ibid. Porcellia 236 Pice a 1172.1173 Plantago latifolia minor 3 3P Par rum 1 38 Pilofella 5*4 Plantago angujhfoil a minor ibid. Pcrrum ton fie 139 Pilofella maior 5 r 3 Plantago rofea fpicata 340 Port is lac a 4 1 9 Pilofella repens ibid. Plantago rofea exotica ibid. Portulaca domefiica 4x8 Pilofella minor bit folia 5 J 4 Plantago quinqueneruia gjc. 34 ° Portulaca marina 420 Pilofella fore cantlco ibid. Plantago Hifpanienfis 343 Portulaca fylueflris 416,4x8 Pillule, cuprejji 1186 Plantago angufiifolia albida ibid. Potamcgeiton latifolium 675 Pimpinella 888.889 Platanaria A LI r P of amogedon angufiifolium ibid. Pimpinella Saxifraga 887 Platanm 12 3 7 •1303 Potentilla 841 Pimpinella maior 888 Platarcbapia, fine pyra bjemalta Potentillamaior 886 Pimpinella bortenfis 889 pag. 1274 Poterion L'Obelij 1148 Pimpinella flueflris ibid. Platomela, ft ue pyra aflina ibid. Pothos 936 Pimpinella fanouiforbd ibid. Plumbago 361 Primula veris 512.637 Pimpinellafpinofa Camerarij 1 x 48 Plumbago Plir.iy do69.1070 Primula •Verts maior 6 3 5 Pinafiellum 897 Pneumonantbe 353 Primula veris fore pleno 636 Pinafler II77 P olemomum 55i Primula pratenfis inodora lutea 635 P ingiiicula 644.645 Polemomum, fine trifoliumfruticans Primula hortenfis Anglic a 636 Pinm 1174 1129 Primula veris floregeminato tbtd. Pinm fatiuafue domefiica 117? Potent a 6 S Primula ncns minor ibid. 1174 Pohcaria 39 * Primula fore vtridi 637 Primal# Primula verts variety 639 Prinos Il6i Proferpinaca 452 Prunella 507.508 Prunella pjObeliy 5°7 Prunellafiore aibo 508 Prunus 1313 Prmus domefiica 1311 Prunus mirobalanus ibid. Prunus Amygdahr.a 1312 Pruus TDamafcena ibid. Prunus fyluefiris 1313 Prunus flue fir is florens ibid. Pruna Damafcena 1314 Pruna H/fbanica ibid. Pruna Hungarica fide Partontca ibid. Pruna Gallic A ibid. Pfeudoacorus 4 6 Pfeudoafphodelus latent 89 P feu dob anium 188 Pfeudocapficum Dodonai 289 Pjcudocytifi .1127 Pfeudocyttfus primus & fecundus pag. 1126 Pfeudocytifus hirfutus 1127 PfeudodiEiamymm 651.652 pfcudohetleborus 826 Pfeudohermodaflylut *3 1 Pfeudomelanthiam 926 Pfeudonarciffus multiplex i J 5 Pfeudonarciffus Anglic us & 11 iff a- nicus tbtd. Pfetsdomyrfine 1228 Pfeudorhabarbarum 1068 Pfeudofpartum Hifpanicttm 11 3 7 Pfeudojfartum Htffanicttm aphyllon ibid. c P[eudofi>artum album apbjllon ibid. PfoTA 586 Pfy Ilium 471 Pjy'dmm femper virens L'Obelij tbtd. Ptartntca 483 484 P tar mica Aufiriaca ibid. Ptarmieaduplici fiore 483 Piendton 9 74 Ptifana *5 Pulegiam 546 Pulegium regium 545 - 54 5 Pulegium mas 54 ? Pulegium anguflifolium 546 ‘Pulegium fyluefire 652 Pulicaria 39 i -471 fPulmonia 7 93 P aim on aria 663.1378 Pulmonalis 663 Palmonaria maculofa 662 Palmonariafolijs Echij ibid. Palmonaria angafiifolia l.Clusij 66 3 Palmonaria Gall or um ibid. Pulfiittlla 30 9 Pu/Jattlla vulgaris 308 Palfttillarubra ibid. c Pulfatiila fiore alba 3 °9 Pyr after I 27s INDEX* Py rethrum officinarttm 6 18 Pyre thrum fyluefire 484.618 Pyrola 530 Pyromelo 77 1 Pyrura . 1 2 69 Pyrus cuhiuafiue vrbana ibid. Pyruspretcox 1267 Pyrus lacobea ./bid. Pyrus regalis 17.6 8 Pyrus Palatina ibid. Pyrm cydonia ibid. Pyrus Spifiopata ibid. Pyrin fuperbafiue Catherine 1269 Pyrus by emails ibid. Pyrus fyluefiris 1271.1272 fPyrusftrangutatoria mator & minor pag , 1270 Pyrus fyluefiris minimA 12 71 Pyrus pediculariA 1272 Pyrus comma ibid. Pythonion 683 Pyxacantha 11 5 I CL Q ZJadrifolittm phcettm fine fuf- CUM I 02 p Quercula 535 Ouercula minor 531 Quercus 11 57.1167 j Quercus vulgaris J I 56 Quercus vulgaris cum glande & ibid. 1157 1378 542 341.342 859 836 ibid. mufco fi Quercus humtlis Quercus manna Quvnqueneruia Quinqueneruia rofeA Quitique folium Qjfmquefolium mains Quinquefolittm vulgar e Qutnquefolium jyluAticum 837 Quinque folium i ormentilla facie pag. 838 Quifejutlium 1160 R R Ac emus 727 Radicula fatiuA 183 Radix marica & naronica 46 ‘Radix nautka 3 7 Radix fpiritus fanEli 847 Radix cam 9 34. eius diuerfie fpecies 9 31.9 3 2.9 3 3. an fit Capnos che- lidonia 934 Radiol us 997 Ranunculus palufiris 814 Ranunculusflammeus 8 r 4. 81 5 Ranunculus Platyphyllos fiue longifo - lius ibid. Ranunculus Conflantinopolitanus , Byz,antinus fiue Afiaticus 813 Ranunculus fanguinem multiplex f * g . 812 Ranunculus TripolitanUS 81 2 . 8 15 Ranunculus albus multiflorus 812 Ranunculus nine us polyanihos ibid . Ranunculus maxtmus Anglic us 81 o Ranunculus maximus multiplex ibid. Ranunculus aquattcut 6 81 Ranunculus caruleus 797 Ranunculus pratenfis & hortenfis. p‘i£- 804.805 Ranunculus furreclis caultcults 804 Ranunculus aruorum 80 5 Ranunculus Alptmts albus - ibtd. R anunculus lllyricus 8 c 6 Ranunculus bulbofus ibid. Ranunculus auricomus 807 Ranunculus ncmorojus ibid. Ranunculus batrachioides 808 Ranunculusgyamineus L’Obelij tbi. Ranunculus autumnalis Clad] 809 Ranunculus Lufitanicus Clas is ibid. Ranunculus globofus ibid. 810 Ranunculus Alpinist ibid * Rape turn 182 Rapum 178 Rapum mains yfi minus 177.180 Rapumgenifia 1130 Rapum porcinum 698 Rapum fyluefire 179.180 Rapifirum aruorum tbid % Rapflrum a yuan cum ibtd. Rapocaulis 25I Rapmcnlus nemorofus 370 Rapunculum alopecuron ibtd. Raphanus Ja tin us 183. Raphanus orbiculatus 184 Raphanuspyriformis ibid. Raphanus fyluefiris 185.18(5 Raphanus aquatic as IS? Raphanus rtsfiicamu ant magntu pag. 187 Raphanus fyluefiris officinartim ibi. Rapuntinm maius 369 Rapuntiumpar mm ibid. Re durst a 500 Remora aratri 1142 Refina II79 Refina cedrina 1171 Refina liquida II79 Refina abiegna 11 82 Refina lartgna vel lartcea 11 84 Refina lentifcina 1244 Rha 217 Rhabarbarum & barbaricum ibid. Rha ponticum 317 Rha capitatum VObelii ibid. Rhabarbarum monachorum 314 1068 R haba rbarumflorens 516 Rhabarbarumficcatum ibid. Rharmus 11 53 Rhamnus tertius Clusij 1152 Rharnnus folufmus 1154 Rheon 317 Rhefeda Pliniy 216 Rhefedii Rhefcda maxima ibid. Rhodia radix 42 6 'Rhododaphne 1220 Rhododendron ibid. Rhoden 1081 Rhoe J 2 92 Rhoe cidinaria tbid. Rhoe opf oniorum ibid. Rhits I292 Rhus flue fir is 'Tltniy I 228 Rhus coriarta I 291.1 292 Rhus myrtifohtu 1291 Rtctnut 399.400 Rictnw Americas ibid. Rim a Maria 6 50 Rtncum martnum 428 Robur 1157 ' Robur maipu 1165.1167 Roreila - 1366 Ros f Us 1366 Ros foils mat or ibid. Ros foils minor ibid. Ros cali 26 Rofa vltramarinrt 784 Rofa Junonis 147 Rofa by emails ibid. Rofa Dominarum 581 Rofa fatuina 831 Rofa man an a 381 Rofa alb a v cl fpineela Rofa 1079 1081 Rofa campana ibid. Rofa rubra 1079-1081 Rofa Prouincialis fuse Damafcena ibid. R oft Prouincidu minor 1079 Rofa [me fbinis • ; 1082 Rofa PlolUr.dica fine "3 at ana 1081 Rofa mofehata 1086 Rofa mofehata frnpltcifore 10 04 Rofa mofehata multiflex ibid. Rofa holoferica 1085 Rofa hitsa ibid. Rofa Cinnamomea plena •fore 1086 Rofa flue fir Is odor a 1087 Rofa canina inodora ibid. Rofpimpinella 1088 Rofa fyltteflris ibid. Rofa canina ibid.ICp9 Rofa fyluatica ibid. Rofa Hiericontea t 201 Raft Hiericontea maior J 200 Rofa H'ericcntea ficcata ibid. Rofmarinw 858 Rcfm srinttm coronarium,vel Rofma - rtmu coroner: a 1109 1 110 Rofmimnutn flue fire, vel Refmari- mu fyluejlris tbid. Rubta efr Rubsia 962 R ubia tin [lor urn 961 Rubta fyluejlris ibid. 9 68 Rubia marina v ibid. Rttbm 1089.1091 Rub ns id Am ibid . INDEX. Rubtts viticula 711 Sambucus Aquatilis ftte paluflris Rub ns ceruinnt ibid. pag. 1236 Rubus faxatills 1090 Sambucus rofea ibid. Rumex 3 II.314 Sambucus rofea jlore purpurante ibid. Rttmex fatitttis ibid. Sambucus humilis 1238 Rumex acidut 321 Sampjychum 5 59 Rupert tanum 794 Sanamunda 843 Rufcns 759 Sand.alum 1389 Rufcutn ibid. San gum ale 22 Ruta 1072 Sungttinalis 452 Rut amuraria 983 Sangttinaria 26,347.452.889 Ruta paluflris 1068 Sanguis Dr aeon is 314 Ruta pratenfis ibid. Sanguiforba 889 Rutahortcnjis 1070.1072 Sanguis Hereulens 357 Ruta fyltteflris ibid. , Santcula 801 Ruta fyltteflris graueclens 1070 Sanicula guttata 644.645' Ruta fyluejlris minima 1071 Sanicula A/pina Clasij 645 Ruta montana ibid. Santcula Eboracenjis 644 • Sanicula maior 802 s Santcula fosmtna 82S t Sanicula Alpina 843 QiAbina 11 93 Sant alum 1389 O Sabina (lerillf ibid. Sant alum album ibid. Sabina bacctfera ibid. Sant alum rttbrum ibid. Sabina altera ibid. Sanioltna J >'5 2 Sabina genutna baccifera, atroc&ru- Santonicum 841 Isa 1194 Sapa 730 Sagapenum 898.899 Saponaria 3 60 Sagtttarta maior & minor 336 Saponariagentiana ibid. Sagtttaria minor angufl folia 331 Saponaria altera 55 1 Sagmina 5 8 Sarcocollaherba 301 Salic aria 388 Saffafros arbor 1341 Salicafirunt 722 Satureia 461 Salicetns 1235 Satureia hortenfs ibid.' Saltuaris 619 Satureia hortenjis afitaa ibid. Sdiunca 922 Satureia Sanfli Inliani ibid * Salix 1203.I205 Satyria bafilica 170 Salix marina 1 202 Satyrion 159 Salix America ibid. Satyfium 17? Saltxxtejuatica I 203 Satyrium abortiuum 176 Salix caprea rot undifolia ibid. Sauchromaton 683- Salix caprea lat folia tbid. Sauritis 49 * Salix rofea Anghca I 204 Saxifraga 89 r Sahx humilis I 205 Saxifraga alba 693 Sahx perticalis ibid. Saxifraga aurea ibid. Salic is tenia fpecies ibid. Saxifraga minor 88 7 Salix pumtla tbid. Saxifraga <xAnghcdna 891 Sahx viminalis * ibid. Saxifraga rubra 902 Salix Galltca,Sabina & Amerina tb. Saxifaga latest io?<; Saif Rofa T 3 66 Saxtfaga maior 888 Saluia 624 Saxtfranga Diofcoridis 457 “ Saluia aare/lis 53 6 Scabioft 586' Saluia Romanes ' 524552.553 Scabiofi maior vulgaris 582 Saluia maior 6 23 Scabioft campeflris fntc fegettim Saluia minor ibid. f*£- 583 Saluia Indtca ibid. Scabiofi rubra Auflriaca ibid. Saluia A/pina ibid. Scabioft montana 5 8 4 . Saluia vita 983 .Scpbtofa maior Hifbamca 5 8 5 " Sambucus 1234.1235 *■’ Sc ammonium 718 S-imbueus laciniatisfolds ibid. Sc Ammonium Syriac urn n\6 Sambucus racemofa velceruina ibid. Scammonium Monfbeltenfe ibid. Sambucus fylueflris vel montana Scammonea Valentina 718 pag. 1235 Scammonium Americanism 724. Sambucm a fiat tea 1237 Scandtx 88 4 Ccccc 1 Sc audit- INDEX. Scandulaceum 20 6 Serapias batrachites ibid. Sifamam 1055 ScapMs vaaram 728 Senpbium 941 Sifitram 871 S cilia 137 S sripbiamfeemina 944 Stfaram P eraaianam 780 Scincophora ibid. Sens 227 Sifer . * 7 * Scifc'ina 1255 Serpent aria 5 79 * 5 ° 5 - 599 Sify milium 20I *555 Scirpm 42 Serpentaria maior 683 Stfymbrium aquaticum ibid . Schoenos 683 Serpent aria Britannica 3 2 3 Sifymbriam alteramDiofcoridis 203 Schoenantham 40 Serpentina minor & minima 344 - Sifynrichiam 95 Scbosnanthum adulter mum 39 345 Sttamon 12 66 Schcenoprafium 139 Serpillam 457 Siam 867 Scoleciam 1160 Serpillam Veteram tbid. Siam mains 200.201.862 Scolopendria 919 Serpillam vulgare 455 Siam odor at am Tragi 201 Scolymas Theopbrasli 994995 Serpillam vulgareflovealbo ibid. Siam alteram tbid. Scopa regia 75 9 Serpillam mams pore purpareo Clnfti Smilax 1041.1042.1 i6r Sccparia 443.444 & IJQbeii] 45 6 Smilacis hort enfis varietas 1039 Scordiam 535 Serpillam mains fore albo ibid. Smilax Perauiana 7°9 Scoratam mains & minus 534 Serpillam fo/ijs simaraci tbid. Smilax after a ibid . Scordium alteram 536 Serpillam Creticam ibid. Smtlax afpera Lufitanica 710 Scordonia ibid. Serratala 577 Smilax afpera Germanic a ibid. Sccrod.or.ia ibid. Ser ratals, variolates 576.577 Smilax Urns maior 712.714 Scorcdoprafam 142 S erica 1318 Smilax Uuis minor tbid. Scorodothlafti 206.207 Sen a velfir tala camp an a 1035 Smyrnium 868.869 Scorpioides Bapleari folio Pena & Sera ilia 871 Smyrniam Creticam ibid. V Ob eld 267 Sermllam ibid. Smyrrhiz.a 883 Scorpioides legaminofia 266 Sefiimoides 397 Sol Indianm 614 Scorpioides my 0fins repens 267 Sefiimoid.es Snlamantica maim r 396 Saldana 690 Scorpios Theopbrasii 1140 Sefamoides Salamantic .paraum ibid. Soldanella ibid, an Brajfica marina ib. Scorpio ram 2 66 Sefamoides mains Scaligcri ibid. Soldanella marina ibid. Scrophalaria 580 Sefiimoides minus 579 Soldanella montana ibid. Scrophularia major 579.580 Sefamoides magnum Cordi 826 Solidago 661 Scrophalaria altera 579 Se famoides paraum Mathioli 397 Soltdr,go minor 508 Scytbica her ha 11 20 Sefiima 826 Solidago Saracenic a 347 Secale 6 1 Sefamam 1054. .1055 Solanum 269 Secaridaca 1057 Sefieli prat enfie 891.89 2 Solan am portenfie 268 Senecio 217 Sefieli Peloponneftacam 893 Solanum pomiferum ibid . Sedans 410.414 Sefieli pratenfie Afonfbelienfium 892 Solanum hath ale 269 Sedam mains 412 Sefieli Creticam 8.94 Sdlanetmfimniferam ibid. Sedam minus hamat aides 4 1 3 Sefieli tJMafifilienfie ibid. Solanum manic am 270 Sedam mi nos offeinaram ibid. SefeltPeloponnenfeejuorundam 904 Solanum veficariam 271 Sedam aquatile 677 Sefieli iy£thiopicumfratex 1233 Solanum edoriferam 273 Semen adoreum 6 2 Sicilians! 43 5 Solanum lignofum & fruticofum 279 Seminalis 452 Sictil.a 252 Solanum rabram ibid * Semen leoninum 182 S ids rit is 914 Solanum arboreficens 289 Sementina 94 1 Siderttis Hercalana 569 Solis flos 1102 Semperjioriam 412 Sideritis 3. Diofcoridle 794 Solflitialis late a peregrinA 1 1004 Semperiiiuum 410 £ ftc> — "iSdP '■ 1262 Sonchus 232 Semper uiaam mar warn ibid. 6 1 lasts Flint] 902 Sonchus after 229 Semperesiaum mains 411 SileneTheophraUi * 482 Sonchus Uuis ibid, eius varieties Semperuimtm minus 414 Siler montanam 855 » ' 230. 231 Semper uiaam t ertiam Diofcor . 415 Siler montanam offeinaram 892 Sonchus arbor eficens ibid. Sempsraiaamfiylueflre 41 6 Siler, prat enfis alter urn ibid. Sonchus fiylaatktu [ibid. Sena 1114 Silicia 1027 Sophia . 910 Sena Orient alls ibid. Siligo 61 Sophia Chirargoram tbid. Sena Italic a ibid. Sihcula 1027 Sophia latifolia ibid. Sent is 1091 Silt qua ibid . 1 241 Sorb am 1288 Sent is camna io 83 Siliqaa dulcii ibid. Sorbets ibid. 1287 Septifoltam 840 Siliquaflrum 2 79.29 3 Sorbets torminalis ibid. 1288 Serapias candidoflore 171 Singentiana 57 Sorbus fyleseftris 1290 S erapias minor fore nitente ibid. Sinapi 130 Sorghum 77 Serapiaspalaflris latifolia ibid. 174 Sinapi fiatiuurtt 189 Sparganium 4 1 Serapias palaftris leptopm Hi ibid. Sinapi fittiaam alteram ibid. Spartam 38 S erapias mom ana 172 Synapi fylueslre 180.190 Spartme herba 39 S erapias gariopbyllata ibid. Sinapi ruflicum 20 6 Spartam fir.vetSpartium H37 Serapias c aft rat a *73 Sinapi Pcrficum 37 8 Spatula foot ida . 53 Sphacelus Sphacelus 536 Sharocephalus 990 Spica 468 Spica hortuletnet 4*9 Spicata 6 7 S Spina alba 909.99 0 Spina peregrina ibid. Spina folflitialis 1004 Spinachia 260 Spume he urn oluS ibid. Spica agrerum venti 5 Spina alba 1088.1153 Spina act da 1144. 1 145 Spina bird 1148 Spina bird minor 1147 Spina zAegyptiaca 1150 Spina buxea 1 1 5:1 Spina c emails & faintar is 11 5 3 Spina infeclona Qr Spina certu 115:4 Spondyltum 8 56 Spongia 1383 Spongia marina alba ibid. Spongia marinaflatsa ibid. SpongioU 1386 Stachys . 563.5.54 St achy s Fuchfli ibtd. Stachys fluria ' 564 Stall ice 47 ^ St aphy Units • 870.873 Stap by lode ndron Plait] 1249 St at aria 897 Stella Icgumviofi 1060 Sredaria 347.802 966. 1004 S cellar ia Herat ij <>A 7 igeri] ibid. S ternutamentorta 484 Stabs 59 i Srcebe Diofcoridis 586 Stoebe ar<jentea maior gr minor 590 Stoebe S alaman tut a 59 i Stoechas 469.470 SUxcha* muhiflda 469 Statehasfolio ferrato ■ 47 ° Staschas citrina 521 Stranioma 27% Stramonium ptregnnum , 277 Stramonium flinofufo ’ * . ibtd. S tratiotes aeyuattfis 677 Strat totes Potamiost . .. ibid. S trichnodendron IT 289 Strob tins \ I I 74 Strum art a 665 Strumum 268 Struthiopte.ru 979 Sirutbmni Aldroandi 551 Sty rax.arbor 1342 Suber^^yy u ■ . 1164 Buber latifolium .1161 Stibyr anguftfolium ibid. Sui/'h . '1386 Supcrba 478.479 $ uperdliuf^ Veneris 679,914 §Hperctltunf]tyr<? \ ' 983 flycpngoriiT^y y I 3 27 Syc morns 1316 INDEX. Sjlu£ mater Symphytum Symphytum petraum Symphytum mac a lofun Symphytum flue Are Symphoniaca Syrtnga Syr in pa alba ' c sir ale a 744 661 5°7 663 ibid. 283 1214. 7 . 2 1 3 ibid. ' | ' Amarifcus 1195 JL 7 ‘amarifcui Narbonenfls 1194 Tamarifcus Germanic a ibid. Tamartx 1195 ■Tamm 722 5 2 5 5 2 <5 484 ibid. 5 2 5 ibid. 61 1 841 6 29 ibtd. Tanacctum Tanacetum acutum album Tar.ttcetum cuflum Anglicum Tan ace turn non 0 datum Tan ace turn minus Tanacetttm 7 eruuianum Tanacctumfylueflire 1 apfus barb.>tus Tap [us b ar bat uaflare albo Tax’us 1187.1188 Tech flue pfeudopinus 1 1 7 7. 1 1 7 8 Tc/epbtum 416 Telephtum flonbus purpureis 41 7 T elcpbntm ft mper virens ibid. Tcrcbinthina 17.45 Tef'cbinihits ibid. I 245 Terebrnthus latifolia ibid. Terrs malum 201.695 698 Terra rapum Tefliculus hire in us Tflic ulus U'he codes Tefliculus vu/pmus Tefliculus vu/ptnus maior Tefit cuius odor at us Tefliculus leporinus Teucr'ntm Teucrtum palufire Tencrium In 1 folium Teucrittm Pannontciim Tetter:urn ''Boettcum Teucr ium Alpinism Cijhflar Tfaltflrunt 910.106 S Thaliflrum maim & minus . 1 067 Thali strum < 510.1 068 695 161 162 ibid, ibid. 167 173 534 5 3 1 522 Unci 533 ibid. Thapfon Tkapfta Tbdpfla v u 1 par Is Thy fa UtifoH iClusij Thapfla tenuifolia Thenacana They ion 7 heriophonon Thlaflt Thlafpi Tiofcoridis Thlafbi v ufoat ijfmttm Thlafpi mams Thlafli minus 962 87 6 ■ 875 ibid. 87 6 9 18 *68 3 ibid. 21 2 204 ibid, ibtd. 204 Thlafpi Gr tecum 205 Thlafpi am arum ibid. Thlafli clypeatum U Obeli] ibid , 7 hlafpt minus clypeatum ibid. Thl&fli Candta - 207 Thlafpi incanum 208 Thlafpi Pannonicum Clusiy ibid. 7 hlaflt IVarbonenfe TGbelij 209 Thlafpi vmbellatum Narbsncnfe ibid. T hlaflt minus Clusty 2 1 o T hlaflt flip in urn luteum ibtd . Thlafpi fluticofum 2 11 T hlafpt fluticofum minus ibid. 7 hlafli flinofum 2 12 Thlafpi aherum 3 7 8 Thor a 818 Thor a V ddenfls mai 8 16 Thora Valdenfisfoemina ibid. 7 hora mantis Baldi 817 7 hora Sab audios ibid. 7 huia ■ 1187 Thus 1747 Thtsris lympidi folium VObetij, ‘ T a K- 1247 7 hya 1187 Thy m bra 451 7 hymum 459 - 7 hymum dttritts 458 7 hymum Ltifolium tbtd. T hymum Creticum 459 7 hymelea 1217.1218 7 hymelea ramofi 1217 7 hyffehum ■ 26 j 7 hryfftltum Pliniy ibid. 7 iha ( . 12 99 7 ilia mas 129$ 7 iliafeemina ibtd. 1 l j c, 1225 404 401.407 401 402 ■ibid, tbtd. ibid. J mltonusflos Times Thhymalus Tithymalus par aims j t thy mat us hehoflopius Ttthymalus myrttfllius 1 iihymalus my rfluids Ttthymalus cuprejjintts 7 nhymalus pins tu Tithymalus myrflnitts altera 4 c 7 iihymalus- Characias Mottfpelie-, f'p ibi Tithymalus Characias Amygdaloid ibid. Tithymalus plataphy Has 4 0 Tomentitia ^ j Tordylion 89 Torment ilU . 84 Tota bona 2 '5 9 6 2 7 reichelium mains " ... Tr ache hum mai’ts flare albo ibi. 1 r ache hum mains Be far urn UC beli 1 * 3 6 Tr ache hum minus fbu. Trache hum gigant earn 3 6 Tragacantha 1147.11 C c c c c z INDEX. Tragium Germanicum 258 Tfurbitb zAlexandrinum epic inarum Tragorchis maximus 160 pag. 335 Tragorchis mas ibid. 161 Turritis 212 Tragorchis famines ibid. Tufplago 667 Tragcpogon 5 96. eitu vaWetas Tufftlagoforens 666 P a £- $ 9 $ Tufplaginis folia ibid. Tragopogon minus $96 Typha 42 Tragopyron 8 3 lyphonion 683 Tragon Mathioli 959.960 Tragoriganum 543 V Tragoriganum Clusiy ibid. Tribuhu 676 'T T zAccaria 39 $ Tribulus aquaticus ibid. V Vacciniam 7 ot Tnbuhts lacuftris ibid. Vaccinia 1 232 Tribulus t err e Hr is 10 66 Vicc ini orum varietates 1229, ,1230 «574 i 266 727 ibid. 1020 1020 1021 ibid. 1022 1024 Trichomanes p 8 5 Trichomanes mas&fceminA ibid. Trichomanes Diofcoridis Tricoccus Tnfer& Trtfolium pratenfe 1017.1018 7 "rtfolium prat enfefore albo 1017 Trifohum bituminofum fine Afhal- t&um* 1019 7 Vifolium acutum Trifoh im Americum Trifohum Burgundiacum Trifohum cor datum ‘Trifohum Salmanticum Tri folium pliquofnm Trifohum magnum Trifohum paludofum mains v el pain fire 1024.1025 Trifohum Caflorls velfibrinum ibid. Trifolium odor at am 1025,1026. 1035 Trifohum corniculdtum IO 29 Trifolmm cochlea turn 1029.IO 3 o Trifohum cochleatttm mar inn 1029 Trifoltum acetoptm 1031 Trifohum aureum 1032 Tri folium e quintan 1 o 3 5 Trifolium vrpnum ibid. Trifolittm puticans 1129 Triorchis 167 Triorchis zALgineta 169 Tripolinm vuloare 333 Tripohum marinum 335 Tnfago 531 Tnticum 58. eiupy^varietates 59 Triticum trimefire amyleum 6 3 Triticum temulentuns 71 Tnticum murinum ibid. Tri x ago 531 Trixago pahtUris 535 Tuber terra 69 5 Tubera terra 1385 Tulipa 120 .eius varia fbecies 116. 117.118.119. Tuhpa Bononienps II6 Tuhpa pracox tout luted 117 Tuhpa bulbifera 119 Tmix 481 Tam 818 pag. 1230 Vaccinia vrp pue Vua vrp apud Clu- fmm ibid, an planta qua vaccinia profert,ft vitis Idea 1231 Vactinia paluflria 1367 Vactinia nub is 1368 Valeriana 918 Valeriana hortenfs pip Valeriana maior fylueflris ibid. Valert ana minor ibid. Valerianapetraa ibid. Valeriana Graca 918 Valeriana rubra ‘Dodoiui 550 Vuleriana Mextcana 918 Vtlerianthon 5 51 ‘Venerea 5 7 Veneris digitus 674 Vencris clautts ibid. Vmerit fupercilium 6~]p Veneris vmbilkus 424 Vmerit hortus ibid. Vmull a minor 439 Vepres 1091 Viratra nigra 826 Veratrum nigrum adulterinnm ibid. Veratrum album 357 Verbafcum 630 Vtrbafeum Mathioli 625 Verbafcumfyluefhe ibid. Verbafcum Lychnitis ibid. Verbafcum Lychnitis Mathioli 632 Verbafcum minus Lychnitis ibid. Verbafcum album Verbafeum nigrum Verbafcum leptophyllon 'Verbena Verbena communis Vtrbena facra J/erbenaca Vermicularis Vernilago Veronica Veronica feemina Fuchfi Vironic a vera & maior Vironic a refla mas Veronica plures pieties Vefscaria Vif carta peregrintt 631 ibid. 634 580 ibid, ibid. 581 4*4 99 8 5°4 501 502 ibid. 5°3 271 ibid. Vetonica 473.578 Ve tonic a altera ibid. Vetonica altilis ibid. Vetonicafylueflru velagreflis 47 9 Vtburna 1081 Viburnum 1305 Vkia 1052.1053 V‘tia Jylueflris 1052 yitlorialis 14a j/iftorialisfaemina & rotunda p 6 ytlloriola 761 ymacea 727 Vincaperuinca 748 yincetoxicum 751 yincetoxicum Indianum 752 yincus 1205 ymum 730 ymurn myrteum vel myrtites 1227 yiola aquatths 6qp yiola alba 12I.371 yiola bulb 0fa 125 yiola autumnalis 355 yiola mar tan a 362.363 yiola mariana fore albo 362 yiola calathiana 365 yiola lutea 371 yiola lutea multiplex ibid, yiola matronalisforepurpureo 376. 377 yiola matronalisfore albo 376 yiola by emails 377 yiola Damafcena ibid, yiola lunar is 377.378 yiola lat if olid ibid, yiolaperegrina ibid, yiola lunar is longiorib fliquis 378 yiola lunar is radix ibid, yiola paluflris 679 yield nigra pue purpurea 699,701 yiolaflore albo 6 pp yioU mart is. varietates 700 yiola canina fylueflris ibid, yiola tricolor 70 3.704 yiola tricolor affurgens vel arboref- cens 703.705 Viola tricolor fylueflris 704 Viola tricolorpetraa ibid. Viola flamminea ibid. Viper aria 5 99 Viper aria humilis 597 Viper aria Htfpanica ibid. Viper aria Pannonica 598 Viper aria Pannon. anguflifolia ibid. Viperina ibid. Virga aurea 3 48.3 49 Virga aurea ^A^noldi ytllanouani pag. 348 Virgin e a ‘‘ 618 Virga ftnguined 1283 Vifcaria 481,482 Vifcum 1168.1169 Vtfcum Indicum U Obeli] 116 8 Vifcum Teruuianum L’Obeli] 1169 Vitex i2oi Vtittlis E VitAlii 412.4T4 Vitis nigra 119 Vitis alba ibid. 7 20 Vitis fylueftris 279.722 Vitis Taminia 720 Vttis vimfera 725.727 Vttis manfuefabla & cultiua ibid. Vitis vinifera Hijpanica 725 Vitis duractna 727 Vitis fylueftris ibid. Viticelht 291.720 Vitraria 261 Viurna 1305 Vlceraria 562 Vlticana ApoUinaris minor 270 Vlmaria 88 6 Vlmus 1297 Vlmtts latifclia ibid. Vlmus vernacula ftpte Italic A ibid. Vlophonon II69 Vmbilicus Veneris 423.424 Vmbilicus Veneris minor ibid. Vmbilicus terra 424 Vmbilicus marinus 425 Vnefera 436 Vnguentaria 57 Vniola 22 Volubilis maior 7*4 Volubilis minor ibid. Volubilis nigra 713 I N D X. Vo lucrum mams 744 Xiphion 96 VrceoUris 261 Xtphtum 89 Vrinalis 444 Xylobalfamum 1 344' 1 345 Vrttca 57 * Xylofteum 1113 Vrtica iners>& irortud 568 Xylum 753 Vitica Rom. abler Vntca mas 771 Xyris 53 Vrticafasr.ixa, vcl Vritca maior ibid. 2 1 flora! ■ Vrticaminor 570 ; * -• \;emlloc \ Vrticarubra ibid. z i "it!:. .. * Vrtica fylueFlris 571 tniiv imp a Vftilagofee alma 70 m Z > ' ’ ” L Vfttlago <menc.ce a ibid. ryEA 6 2 Vua 727 mLJ Zeamanococcos 68 Vua Itipina 268.1237 Zedoaria oyfiticenna 820 Vua vi.lpis ibid. Zecpyrum 6 S Vua Taminia 398.722 ZcZiUltU 1318 Vua bar bat A 726 Zerumbeth Auicenna &Seraptoi is Vua pc fa ibid. - Hr- 820 Vua Zibeba ibid~]2'i Zmziber 55 Vua marina 959.96° Zinz,iberis ftblum 54 cites verier Vua marina qClusij 959 - Icon ibid. Vua rncrith 1 minor 960 Zizypha 1318 Vua cr/Jp.i 1143. aider Vua fpina. ZiZjipba Candida 1307.1308 Vuafbmella,& Vua crifbina ibid. Ziniphu* Cappadocia ibid. Vulgago 689 ZiVphus Dodomtt 1318 Vuluaria 258 Zugia 1296 Vuularia 366.761 Zuria I254 X Zurumbetb Auicenna & Serapmiis V 7 " Anthium 665 pag. §20 A Xerampelinum 4 Zythum 64.730 r.Uiraai*:! Index nominum Herbarum, hoc opere contents. rmi ? (fuibu8 T harm acopolar urn offictme, c Barbari&Arabesvtuntur. Adiantum 974 Alliaria ; : 1 I Agaricum 1184 Allium A Balzemer 1114 Agaricus ibid. Allium Vrfinum lm 3 k Abillota 1161 Agnus cafius 1202 Aloe ^Abrong 271 Agrifolium 1156 Alofna Abrotanum 949 Agrimonia 575 - 8 4 * Alphefera Abrugi’ 271 Ahouay Theueti 1361 Alphabeca Abfinthium 938 AlaiaSufiani 53 Altercum Abfinthium Ponticum ibid. Alas 1227 Alumen catinum Abfinthium marinum 94 1 Alafeieti 1030 Amaranthus luteus Abfinthium Romanum 919 Albotin 1246 Ameos Abfinthium Santonicuin ib.944 Alchimilla is 2 Amtnios Abutilon 790 Aldirira 57 Ammoniacum Acatia 1150 Ale&orolophos 913 Amomum Acetofa 321 Alfafa 1030 Amorispoma Acorus 57 Alfasfafa ibid. Amotes Acorum fyluaticum 914 Alga 62 Amygdala Acrum ibid. Algodon 735 Amyrberis Acnla 884 Alkali 429 AnagaJlisaquatica Acuspaltoris 795.79^. S84 Alkanna 1210 Anapallus Acus mofehata 795 - 79 ^ Alkekengi 271 Anethum Acus Veneris 884 Alkermes 1160 Angelica Acutella 114a AUeluya 1 Anifuru » * 5 ° J40 ?44 410 93 8 720 1059 285 429 521 882 ibid. 898 1355.1356 2 75 780 1256 1145.1147 486 13 ro 878 847 880 Anthcra D E X. $ others Sq8i Anthora 820 Anrhos 1081 S.Anthonijherba 1070 Apium 826' Apium rifus 309 Apolinon 1218 Apollinaris minor vkicana 270 Aquifolia 1161 Aqua vita: 734 Aquilegia 93 6 Aquileia ibid. Aquilina ibid. Araddna 135 9 Arare 1317 Arania 1280 Arblucilon 790 Arbutum 1311 Arconas 1189 Archeucas ibid, Ardifrigi 750 Areca 1337 Aretca 1317 Aretiqui ibid, Argentina 841 Arijli 727 Aiiftolochia au£ Ariftologialon- ga 69% Armenia 1261 Arm^niacum ^ ibid. Arreftabouis 1142 Artemifia 946 Arrhrericarheib^ 63 7 Articoca 992 Articocalus ibid. Afabafafra 170 Afarabacca <5xp Arthanita 695 \ Arumfel 1352 Afarum 689 ATperula 966 Afprella 9 5 8 Afplenium 079 ABa fcetida 854 Aftrantia 849 Arbanafia y 2( 5 Ad fen a cafla 69 Aurantium 1280 Aurengium ibid. Auricula lepon's 487 Auricula Iuda: 2255 Axtmgia vitri Azarolo l266 Azedarach 2507 Azedaraeth ibid. B Aaras Baccar Bal.ador Babuftium Balefma Ballote 83 2 689 13 60 1262 3 345 I N BaHeni Balfamina Balfamita Balfamum Bananas Baptifecula Barba capri Barba-Aron Barbarea Barbarica Barbotine Barcaman Bard ana Bafilicum Battata Battata Hifpanorum Battata Virginians Baucia Becabunga Bedcguar Bedoard Befbafe Behai album Bchen rubrum Behen rubrum P a g- Bdia-dona Beliota Bclfan Ben Serapionis & Arabum 1215 Berberis Beretinusfrudus Beruh Befara Bera ' Betle Betrg Betonica Betzfin Beza Biada Bibo Bi folium Bionddla Bipennula Bifacuturn Biflingua Bifmalua Btfiorta vtraque Bolbonac Bombagia Bombax B^na Hircina Bonifacia Bonus Henricus Borago Borda Bofci faluia Botanaria Botin Botri Brabula Branca Vrfina 2.345 291 524 1345 2333 594 886 685 188 473 94 2 335 665 547 780 ibid. 781 871 4 97 989 1088 989 1 3 54 550.467.55! ibid. Sabmanticum 48 2 270 1161 2345 1214 1145 3 3 ^ 3 - 1 3^4 1 '45 Branca leonina Braffica marina Brunella Brufeus Bryonia Buglofla domeftica BuglofTaHifpanica Bugula Buna Bunapalla Burfa pafloris Burgifpina Buzidan Arabum Buzieden Syi C90 508 759 720 6 5 5 657 50 6 2365 3 3 54 215 3I 55 170 ibid. 1351 2 20 1360 ibid. 1349 1360 3 3 5 a C Adegilndi Cafelale Caiocus Caioiis Cais mains Caius Calafur Cabmentiim J}/ Calamentummontanum ibid. Calamus ^5 Cabminthamontanna 557 Cabbrina 9~]9 CalcarEquitis 924 Calcatrippa 3004 Calendula 602 Cahha Cameaa j >4P Gamelina 214 Camotes ygo CampanaLazula,&Lazura 715 Cana nr 3 3 5 7 Cancamutn 2350 Candelaria 630 ^ an d!a 1242.1348 Cannabis ^y 2 Canum Cerafa i I1; Capillus ^83 CapillusVeneris ibid, Capparis 749 Capragina 1068 Caprifolium 744 Caput Gailinacetim 1062 Cardiacs, ^ 6p Carpefium Cardamomum 2356 Cardo-bencdi&us 1009 pardon Lechar - Cardopatium Carduus Maria? p % p Cardunsfiillonum 100 6 Carduus ftcljatus J002 Carduus benedidus ’ 10 o’9 Carhna „ Carolina oofi Caro Be , 9 /J jCafoiiole . i V ibS. Carauea 879 ibid. Carpobalfamum INDEX. Carpobalfamum *345 Confolida maior 661 Diapetifia " 80* Carthamus 1007 Confolida Saracenica 347 Dicoccos 62 Cafab 57 Confolida minor 508.512 Digitalis 647 Cafca 12x3 Confolida media 599 Digiticitrini 170 Cafiginete 890 Copra *339 Dionyiionymphas 890 Caftrangula 580' Coralli herba 955 Dipcadi 106 Cafiia filtula 1242 Corallina 1380 Diptamum 652.1065 Cadilago 283 Corduium ferulas 898 Dokolini 29 Caftracane 1068 Coriandrum 859 D o re 1358 Cataputia 405 Corifciola 718 Doronicum 622 Catherine diuaeflos 926 Corona terras 705 Draco 193 Carti herba 554 Cordna regia 278.1035 Draconis fanguis 1340 Caucafon *45 Corrigiola 452 Dracunculus hortenfis 683 Cauda equina 958 Corrumeni 1358 Dracontea ibid. Cauda murina 346 Cortex granatorum 1 262 Dragoncellum 193 Caualelale 120 Cot 1030 Drolatum 1082 Caulis 249 Cotula feetida 618 Dulcifida 831 Cedrium 1171.1180 Cotum 753 Dulcamara 279 Centauria Centummorbia Centumnodia Cepa Cephaglione Cerefoliuin Ceterach Chacani Cham^drys Chamspitys Chanach adip Chandama Changue Charhumfel Chartamumlndutn Charumfel Chafuth Chela cancri Chehdonia Chernies Qheruillum Chefmes Chinenfe lignum ■ i Zj Chrillophoriana Cicer Cicerbita C; corea Cicutaria Cihabins Cinnamomnm Citocacium Citrones Citrulus Citrulus cucumis. Clematis peruinca Cocco Coccus baphicus Cocculuslndi Cdcus Colocafia Colophonia Coloquintida Concordia Cinder Condrilla 7 .D r f MU' T.azy. 467 5°5 452 154 1 3 36 88 3 979 l 337 5 34 423 823 13S9 1352 1252 1252 462 677 9 11 1160 871 1160 9 829 im 232 221 90s 1215 1 280 r 7 <?S ibid. 748 - 733 8 I Ido I 2 I 3 J 33 8 685 117 9 ■ 7 6'9 301.575 . 1 ..447 227 ■M'jd: ,0 Cracca Crafliila C radii la minor CralTulamaior Crepanella Crepula Crcta marina Cfifta gallinacea Crocus ho^renfis Crocus Saracenicus Criiciata Cubebx Cuciophora Cucumer Cucumer afininus Cucurbira Cucurida Cupare Cupula glandis Cufcuta Ciiurde Cyclamen Cydonium Cydonices Cyminum CynoglolTum Cyperus CypreiTus Cypredi nuces r 1 ft f < *:> U D I Aftylus Darchini Dardana Dirfeni Paticus D’a iicus Cretenfis Decan Hil, Defrutum Dens Caballinus DensLeonis ; Dentali tfracorallion Diamorum cr 1053 416 4*4 415 1070 987 428 912 1007 ibid. 9.55 1365 ibid. 7 6 S 7 66 179 1070 1337 1158 462 *34 9 69 5 1264 730 907 f >59 29 1186 ibid. 1334 13*49 665 *349 873 874 * 35 8 720 283 *55 ibid. 495 I326 1 3 n "^t.‘ pGhelo C/Elaeprinon Li . I239 12 13 Fieri I339 Eluchi 1358 En^al ibid. Endiuia 222 Englenterium 1088 Enula campana 649 F.pithymum 462 Eruca 192 Eruum 1053 Eryngus 1000 Eiiepa 1099 Efula 404 Etremelli 1358 Eufrafia 537 Euforbium 1016 Eupatorium 575 Eupatorium Melbas 5*4 F ■pAl,a i Faba Lupina Fabaria Eabulonia Fagaras Fagotncum FarblaufF Farfara Farfugium Fairs de Mai aqua Faufel Fcbrifuga Fel Terras Ferola Ferulacoli Ferraria Ficaria minor Filago humilis Filfel Filipendula Filiusante patretn 105 6 ibid. 416 283 1365 8 3 1293 667 ibid. 1360 *337 527 436.437 8 99 87 6 575^ 8 i 669 519 1 3 37 902 13* Filica* INDEX. Filicaftrum 97 1 Granum Nil 7 1 5 Iacobea 219 Filix aquatic* ibid. Granum Iuniperi n86 Iaifol *354 Fiftici 1248 Gratia Dei 467.797.1102 Iapatri ibid. Flos Trollius 810 Groffularia H43 Iaralnare 1338 Flosregius 92 $ Gruinalis 795 Iarus 685 Flos Conftantinopolitarms 380 Guaiacum 1319 Tafminum 746 Flos Micancalus 9 27 Guadum 394 IauciaLindi *339 Flos Cuculi 203,481 Guart 1 34 3 Iaufiband >1354 Flos Adonis 310 Guardalobo 1110 Iecoraria 966 FlosS.Iacobi 219 Gul ibid. Iefeminum 747 Flos am oris 255 GummiTragacanthi 1148 Ignanes 780 Flos aureus 520 Guzarata 1357.1358 Imperatrix 895 Flos Solis 6 14 Ionquillias 114 Flos caryophilieus 473 H Iouis glans 1252 Fluids 1292 Iouis barb* 412 Fceniculam 877 TJAbalNil Iouis flos 936 Fceniculum porcinum 897 A IHachal ibid. Ircos Faenum-grarcum 1027 Handacocha 1019 Iris . ibid. Forficula Cancri 677 Hanga 1389 Iris Florentina 47 Frafinella 758 Barmei 1072 Iua Arrhcrica 422 Fraxinella ibid. HaiTabelderire 57 lua mofcata ibid. Frida • 11 19 Hafmlfeu 7 i 5 Iucca 1359 FronBiflora 512 Hebulben 1249 Iuccaperana ibid. Fufel 1337 Hederafpinofa 711 Iuglans 1252 Fuga Dsmonum 43 3 Helleborus albus 3 57 Iuiube Fulfel I 35<5 Helleborusniger 825 Iumperus 1189 Fulfill ibid. Hennc 1210 Iufquiamus 383 Fumus terra ibid. Hepatica 601.966.1376 * *> _ Herbacantha 98 7 K G Herbanefa 1068 * ' iM- Herba benedida 918 K A,i . . 492 |^«Alla it 67 Herbaleonis 936 JLViCali articulatum ibid. vJGalbanum 898.899 Herba paralyfis 637 Kakile 192 Galega 1068 Herbagalleca 1068 Kermes 1160 Gailicricum 627 Herba doria 35° KdTuth 462 Gallicrifta 912 Herba Paris 329 Kik 400 Gemma populi 1303 Herba violaria 710 Kikaijon ibid. Gentiana 3 P HerbaS.Anthoni; 1070 ICitraa 1180 Garderacantha 1009 Herba Catti 554 Garipot n 19 Herba Bella 347 L fr; , l . Geneva 1132 Herba laffulata 524 r T Gefleminum 747 Herba Tunica 473-,479 T Acca I 35 0,I 349 Gethyon 135 Herba Turcica 455 -L/Lachetta ibid. Geranium mofcatum 79 ' 6 Herba pinnula 283 Laduca 242 Gianziban 1354 Herba Simeonis 796 Laducella . 232 Giarga 1068 Herba S.Petri S27 LadegiIndi 1351 Gibenech 4 6 7 Herba Sanda?Cunigunda? 774 Lanaria 63° Gingidium Vifnaga 885 Heibatum 897 Lancea Chrifli 327 Gitlv 92 6 Hermodadylus 131 Lanhan 1539 Gichquodinfegetenafcitur ib. Higucrofrudus I361 Lanugo 753 Githago ibid Hippia 491 Lantana 130J Giul Catamerlale 114 Hirundinaria 75 1 Lapatium 311 Giula 524 Hirculus 920 Lapdanum 1108 Gladiolus 9 6 Hifpane 260 Lappa maior 665 Glandes Terra? 1058 Hyacinthus 104 Lappa minor t ibid,. Gloria filia 843 Hyofcyamus 283 Lappa in uerfa ibid. Gniacardus 996 Hypericum 43 3 Lauandula 468 Gotim * 3*7 HypoquiOidos 1099 Lauanefe 1068 Gralega io 58 Hyffopus * ) T 465 Lauanna ibid Grana Paradiix ‘ 1358 i J Laureola 1219 GranumNil Auicenna? . 7*5 I Lenficula aquae 680 Granum Indicum J bid. ■ 3 , * • * ,v ' **“ Led herba 439 - Gradum gnidium 1218 T \cca. 7°4 Leontopodion • 5>8 Granum viride i J4 <S Ijacea nigra 58S Lepidium 885 »: : { j. ■ ' :j Vg. ^ i Leucanthemum Leucanthemum 616 Leuconarciflolirion 1 21 Leuifticum 855 Leuzbane *354 Liga 1165 Lilac 1214 Lilium 147 Lilium inter fpinas 744 Lilium conuailium 332 Lillach 1214 Limones 1280 Lingua bouis 6 55 Lingua ferpentis 327 Linguace ibid. Linguaiace ibid. Lingua pagana 761 Lingua ceruina 970.977 Lingua anis 1285? LrnguapafTerina ibid. Liquiricia 1120 LocSumutri 1349 Longina 979 Louan 1247 Luch 1350 Lunaria 378 Lunaria maior 5171 Lunaria minor 3 29 I. N D E X. Materfilon 590 Nafturtium 195 Matricaria 5 2 7 Nafturtium aquaticum 201 Matrifyiua 744 Nenuphar 674 Maza 6 5 Nepera 554 Mechoacan 7 2 3 Nicohana 284 28 6 Melica 77 Niele 927 Melega & Melegua 77 Nigella 916 Melanzana ibid. Nigellaftrurn ibid. Melongena 274 Nihor 1339 Mel rofarum 1082 Nil 7*5 Melampyrum 84.214 Nil Auicennx 7}S Melilotus 1035 Nilgranum ibid. Melifla 560 Nozella 95 Melo 771 Nuces cypredi 1186 Melonesmofchatellini 772 Nuces pines 1174 Memiren 669 Nuxmethel 2 178.1563 Mel Anacardinum 1360 Nux vomica ibid. Meroides 634 Nux auellana 1251 Menta 553 Nuxvdicaria 1249 Mentaaquatica 555 Nux mofehata 3 3 54 Menta Sarracenica 553 NuxBandenfis ibid. Mercurialis 6>i6 Metopium 899 O Meuin 667.895 /"■'vCellus 473 Mezereon 1 21 5.1216 v-J'Ocimum 547 Miieguetta vel Milegetta 1358 Ocimum gariophyliatum ibid. Milium foler 487 Oculus Chrifti 628 Luph crifpum 683 Milimandrum 283 Lupha 685 Milium foil's 487 Lupinus 1043 Milium faburrum 77 Lupulus 738 Millefolium . 916 Luyula 1031 MirabiliaPeruuiana 272 Molle Hue Molly 3 347 \ M Montapium 863 Morelia ' • 268 T \A Acia 495 Morfus Diaboli 236.587 1 v -lMacaleb 1211.1212 Morfus gallins 493 Macis 3 3 54 Morfus rans 671 Macuca 95 MoraBati 1091 Mahaleb 1208.1212 Mora B alii ibid. Mais 77 Morum Cel (I 1325 Maizium ibid. Morus Celli ibid. Maizum ibid. Mo fa 1281 Maiorana 539 Mofe 1 3 3 3 Malainfana 2 74 Muelle ?347 Malaca 1389 Mu mi a 1171 Maltum 64 Murta 1227 Malua 782.786 Mufa 1281.1323 Maluauifcns 789 Mufa maum ibid. Malum granatum 1262 Mufcari 105 Mamolaria 987 Mufchoromi 106. Mandragoras 281 Mufcurimi - ibid. Oculi populi Oleander Oleum decherua Olfenichium Opobalfamum Opopanax Opium Opulus Origanum Origanum Hifpanicum O rob us Ofmunda 1303 1220 400 86 7.902 1344.134J 85* 258 1237 54 1 54 2 1051.1053 971 Maqjhoc Manifolium Manta de nueftra Sehora Maro Marrubium Marmorclla Marocali Marragon Martanica Marum Malfix Mater violarum 1 3 59 66 5 685 1339 562 575 152 147.151 1068 545 1244 701 M ufeus 1374 Mukibona 863 Myrridanum , 1227 Myrrilli 1231 Myrrus . 1227 MyrtusErabantica 1228 N TV TApellus JLN| Napium Nardusruftica Narel 824 3 99 688.843.918 1339 OAc A Palan Palla Palalia Palma Chrifti Panax Pam *' Panis cuculi Panis porcinus Panis fandi Iohannis Papauer Papauer rubrum Papauer nigrum Pappus Paralyfus herb a Paritaria Parizataco Pafpale Pafleuelutum Palfula; de Corintho Paflula vua Paftoris burfa Ddddd 1 1337 1333 13 54 695 17© 8 - 5 ° 3 3 57 1031 695 1241 2 96 299 926 §2 7 8i -7 637 261 3 343 74 2 55 727 ibid* 215 Pasa E X, I N D Pata equina 66j Primula veris 617 Ruberta 794 Pata leoiiis 80a Protomedia 890 Rufcus 759 Patientia 3*4 Prouenca 748 Ruta capraria 1068 Pauane vel Pauame Pedua i 34 i 61 1 Prunella Prunum 508 * 3*4 Ruta hortenfis 107a Pentaphyllon 839 Pfeudomelanthium 926 S - • Paftoris pera 215 Pfyllium 47 * QAbdarifa 79 1 Perfoliata 430 Pul 1 343 wSaccolaa quebir 1358 Perforata 433 Pulegium montanum 457 Saccolaaceguer ibid. Perpenfa 588 Pulmonaria 66 3.1378 Safarhe-Bamon 4 1 Perficaria 361 Pulfatilla 30 9 Saggina 77 Peruinca,vd Peruinqua 748 Pyrethrum 619 Sal Alkali 4 2 9 Perficum Petum 1259 284 Pyrola 33 ° Salequa Salicornia 1241 429 Petun ibid.286 CL. * Salix equina 958 Pes anferinus 259 /^VVerciuola v^Querfaa 53 1 Salufandria 92 6 Pesalininus 6 50 *34 9 Saluia 6 2 A. Pes vituli 685 Querfe ibid. Saluia Bofci 536 Pes columbat Pes Icouis Pespulli 793 802 858 Quinquefolium R 839 Saluia agreftis • Saluia Romana Sambucus 536 55 3 1235 Pes lupi *374 T> Adicula fatiua XvRadixcaua 184 Sambucusaquatica 1237 Pes Alexandrinus dip 934 Sam petra 428 Petrapium 85 5 Radix dulcis 99 5 Sanamunda 8 4 ? Petratfindula 888 Ransmorfus 6 ji SaoaSanda Indorum 2 85.286 Petrofelinum 85 i Raphanus j 84 Sandal *389 Petrofelinum Macedonicum 855 Raphanus fylueftris 188 Sandarax 1189 Petrofelinum Alexandrinum ib. Rapocaulis 251 Sandaraca ibid. Peuccdanum 897 Rapum D. Anthonij 8io Sanguinus 1)83 Philipendula 902 Rapum geniita: I130 Sanguis draconis 3*4 Phu 918 Raued 317 Sanguiforba 889 Phyteuma ibid. Raued feni ib:d. Sanicula 801 Pican 1333 Raued-Sceni ibid. Santalum 1389 Pigamum so 58 Regina prati 885 Santolina ^5* Pilofella 514 Regium 547 Saponaria 3 5 0.551 Pimpinella 889 Re (in a pini 1179 Sarcocolla 301 Pinan *337 Rezannale StRczcnnak 1317 Sarraeena 1 o 58 Pionia 8 5I Rhabarbarum 317 Sarracenica officinarum 524 Piper 1355 Rha ponticum 436 Satureia,velpotiusSaturegia45i Piper aquaticum 35 i Regaliza ibid. Satyrion *5 9 Piper Calecuthium 2 93 ibid. Rheubarbarum 317 Saftafras 1341 Piper Hifpanum Rhoites 730 Sauina 1193 Piper montanum 1215.1219 Refta bouis 1141 Sauimera • ibid. Piperitis 188 Remenia 283 Saxifraga 891 Pifum,fiue Pifum minus 1047 Ribes,h. e. Vua vrfi 1143 Scala coeli 758 Pixnaualis 1180 Rincum maiinum 428 Scabiofa 5 85 Pianrago 34 ° Robertiana 794 Scammonea 718 Poaz *337 Robcrti herba ibid. Scanaria §84 Podagraria Germanica v 849 Robertianum ibid. Scariea 527 Podagrarialini 462 Rogga 5 i Scatellum 424 Polyhydion 43 <> Roraltrum 720 Scatum coeli 424 Polypodium 972 Rorella 1355 Sceylen 7 1 Porna Amoris 275 Rofa vltramarina . 7 8 4 Scolopendria 977 Pomatum 127 5 Rofa coeli 38! Scordium 535 Pomum granatum 1 252 Rofa incarnata 108.1 Scorodonia Pominn Adami 1 281 Rofa Mariana 381 Scorzonera 599 Pomum mirabik 291 / Rofella 1099 Scotimis 1293 Pomum anreom 275 Ros folis 1 355 Scrophularia 580 Pomum fpinofum 2/8 Rofmarinus 858.1110 Scrophulariaminor 669 Porrum 139 Roftrum porcinum 221 Secacul 872 Porrulaca 4 J 9 Roftrum ciconiac 7 P 5 ’ 7 P <5 Sebeften * 3*5 Porentiila 841,88 6 Roftrum gruis ibid. Sedum minus officinaruin 1 4*4 Praffnm 562 Rubia herba 961 Seliiga 922 Prailmrn foetid um y 55 Rubia tindorum ibid. Semen fandum 942 Semen INDEX. Semen Santolinum 94 1 Symphytum mains. O61 Valeriana domeftica 918 Semen Zens 942 Syringa ,, .,*214 Veelgutta 863 Semen Zedoariar ibid. M n A . Verbena 581 Semen contra lumbricos ibid. A.l-rr .. Veriquercus , aut vere quercus Sena 1114 HpAmalapatra 1550,1351 pag- 1157 Septlfolium 840 1 - Tamarifcus 1188.1195 Vermilion 1160 Sercanda ,d. 1289 Tambul ' , < 1357 Vernix 1189 Serapinum 899 Tanacetum 526 Veruena 58* Serpentaria 505.57 9’599 Tapfusbarbatus 6 30 Vermicularis A 414 Serpentaria maior < 58 5 Taraxacon 222 Veronica foemina 501.504 Serpillum 457 Tarcon 193 Vrdoriola • l 6 *- Serratula • 377 Tarcon fylueftre 484 Vinca peruinca Seruilla 871 Tarfilon 1019 Viola 70 1 Seruillum ibid. Tarcon raireGallo-prouin. 408 Violarum mater ■" ibid. Sefamum 214 Tartarutn 735 Viola paluftris 678 Sefeieos 89 2.895 Tartarum vftim 13 6 Viola mammoJa ibid-. Sefelis 868 Tartarum calcinatum ibid. Viorna 739 «* 3°5 Sicla 251 Tarobolos Catamer lale ’ v 8 r 3 Viperina 599 Sigillum Salomonis 758 Tarobolos Catamer ibid. Virgaaurea 349 SigillurriB. Maris 722 Taura &i-8 Virgapaftoris • 2006 Siler montanum 892 Taurina *068 Virginianorum pappus " 781 Sinapiuin 190 Tembul 1351 Vi feu m 1 1 69 Singadi *343 Tenga 1 3 39 Vifgo "1169 Siftra 8 95 Tengamaran ibid. Vifnaga -8 8-5- Soda 429 Terdina 918 Vitalonga 1355.1356 Solanum lethale 269 Terebinthina 1 246.1184 Vitalba 720.75 9 Solatrum 268 Terebinthina Veneta 1182 Viticella 291.720 Solbaftrelia 889 Tefticulus hirci 161 Vhnaria 88<5 Soldanella 690 Tefticulus vulpinus ibid. Vmbilicus Veneris 423 Solidago 661 Tefticulus leporis *73 Vnedo 1266.1311 SolidagoSarracenica 347 Thorina * 1068 Vnifoli.um 350 Sophia 910 Thus 1247 Vngulacaballina . . 667 Sorghum 77 Thy mum 459 Volubilis ’ 7*4 Spagas 1179 Tiguar 335 Vrinalis 444 Spagnon 895 Tinearia 522 Vfnea 1369 Sparagus 954 Tipcadi 106 Vfnee 429 Spatula fcerida 53 Tomentitia 5*9 Vfr.en ibid. Speculum Veneris 35 6 Tormentilla 840 Vftilago 70 Spelta 62 Tota-bona 259.627 Vua lupina 269.1237 Speragus 95 4 Tota ofiea 43 Vulgago 689 Spergula odorata 645 Tragacantha? gummi 1148 Vuluaria 258 Speick 921 Tragopyrum 83 Vuularia 366.761 Spica , 469 Tra lid nice 29 Wifanck 752 Spicata 675 Tree *349 Spica Celtica *374 Triboio *°3 5 X Spina alba 996 Tribulus marinus 676 Xylocara&a 1241 Spina Borda 995 Triccan *339 Spinachea 260 Trifers 727 Y Spinacheumoius ibid. Trifolium 1018 X/Vca *359 Spiniuineta lr 45 Trinitatis herba 1032 JL Yfopus 465 Sponfafolis 221 Tritico-fpeltum 65 Squilla 157 Trixago paluftris 535 z Squinantum 40 Trolliusflos 810 f^Ahafaran 124 Staphifagria 598 Tulipa 120 ^Zambach 746 Stataria 897 Tune,Tunas *330 Zaremcada Perfiana 114 Stellaria 347,802.966.1004 Turban 220 Turfan ibid. Zaremcarta ibjd. Stcecados 470 Turbith 335 Zarza parilla 709.71 r Stoechascitrina 522 T urpetum cineritium 87 6 Zazintha 227 Storax 1542 TurpetumGrifeum ibid. Zedo.iria 820 Storax Calamita ibid. Typha 4 2 Zerumbeth ibid. Stramonia 278 Zizania nt Superba 479 V Zinziber e Su!a *339 V A gi 57 Zmzibercaninum ? 0 •> Sumach 1292 V Vgi ibid. Zurumbeth 820 ' Ddd d d a NO Mi- NOMINVM ET OPINIONVM H A Bel,id eft Populus alba. zAbhel,td efl Sautna. iAbronu Serapionts, td efl Pi- Jur/3 cor datum. Abrotanumfoemina, td efl Chamacy- . pariffw. Abrugijd efl Pfturn cor datum. Acanophorajdefl (acta. Acanthus German tcaj.Sp ondylium. Acanthmmjd eft Onopordon. Ac am a Theophraflifd efl Scolymos. Acetabulum,td eft Cotyledon. Apcipitrina,td efl Hteractum. Acinaria paluflris Gefneri, t. Vscci- niapaluftris. Actnusjdcfl Ocymum. Achillea,id efl Millefolium. Ac outturn bacciferum, id efl Chnflo - phoriana. zAcoutturn Pardahanches Dodonai, id efl Ooronicnm. Acrocorion,id efl Crocus vernus. Acutella.id efl Refla bouts. Ac us paftoris,id efl Geranium. Actts mu feat a,id efl Geranium. Adiantbum album,id efl Capillus Ve¬ neris. Adianthum album Plinij, id efl Rut 4 murana. Ador,efl quoddam flumentigenus. Ageratumjd eft Baffamita minor. Agnus callus,id ell Vitex. Agilenfz,,id efl Auellana. Aglaophotis,id efl Paonia. zAgtlops Plinij, id eft Cerr is mat or UObelij. sAdgilops, ideft.Auena flenlis. zABgopogon Tragi,td eflVlmana. tVEgohthronjd efl Tot a bona. ty£flbin omen en plinij, id efl Noli me langere. Aiwonfldcft Semper fiiuum. Aiugaid efl Chamapitjs . Alafeleti Auicenn&M efl Medica. AUtcrnus Dalefcampj, id eft Philip-' re a IfObelij. AleBorolophos Plinij,i.Fiflulari i. Alleluyaftd efl Trifolium acejofsm. Ale h tie l Sertpionis ,i.T olemomum. Alcibtadtonfd efl Echium , Ale hi me lech ,te efl ’JMtbloius. Alfasfafa Art . nnafd efl Medica. Algo far el Atticennajdcft Daucus. Alk*ksngi,id efl Halicacabum. Alimoma, id eft Trifolium acctofum. Alnamftd efl Pulegium. A R M O N I A E confenfus. Ain us nigra,id efl Frangula. vAlthcajd efllbtfcus. tAlbucusfaeft Afphodetus alb its. oAIter cum Plinij, td efl Hyofcyamus. Alphefera Arabibus, id eft Bryonia nigra. Alfaharateiajd eft P arthenium. Alfcebranfd eft Ez.uU. Alfenefu,td efl Abflnthium. Aluefen,id ell Peucedanum. Amaractts,ideft UMaiorana , zAmeilm Vtrgiljj. After Attic MS, Ame lifts,td eft Calt ha paluflris. Ambubctajd eflCtchorium fylueflri, Ampelos Pnmj,id efl Bryonta nigra. Amyrberts,id eft Berbcris. Anapallus 'Bellonj,;.ptcHS Indica. Anas,id efl,Prunus. tAnblatum Cordi, id efl Dentaria maior (JMaihiolt. Anblttum Dodonaij. Nidus auis. A»chufa,td efl Bugloffum flue sire, Andtrian Rhafls, td efl Fabago. Andration Auerrois , /. Peucedanum. Androfemum 7Dodon<ei,td efl Clyme- num Italorum. Anetum tortunfumjd efl tJMeum. urtajd eft Pepo oblongus. iAnotns td efl Re l la bonis. ApiafleFim Apvleijj Bryonia nigra. Apiaflcilum Dodonaij.tJMelifft. Cs ptaflrumjd eft (JUfe/iJfi. Apocynunt Diofc.td efl Penploca. Apoltnarts td efl Hyofcyamus. Apronta, id. efl Bryonta mgr a. Apr us,id efl Ptfltmrubrum. Arge. ttnajdeft Potenttlla. Aria Theophraftt, id eft Sorbus A'l- ptna Gefneri. Arcium.id efl Bardana. tArgentilla.td eflVlmaria. Arthrttica,id eflfprtmula verts. Artemifla martna,tdefl Cineraria. Arrhenogonon,tdefl Tartetaria. Armoracia,i.Rhaphantss ruflictts. Arornas,ideft lumper us. Arz,i td eft Onz.a. AflranttaM efl Imperatoria. Aflerion.td efl After Atticus. Aftergtr Rhafls, id efl Az.aradach Autcenna. Afpalathusfd efl Acatia tJMath. Afplenium fylueflre fl.Lonchitis. Afplemum,id efl Ceterach. %Aftorca,id efl Stoecas. Athanafla, id efl Tanacetum. Atelitica,td efl Camamdum. Annum olus,id efl <tAtriplex. T Auornus Petri Placentij, id efl Fran- gula. Azabaferjd eft Meum. Az.ez,,ideft Lichen. B Aar as,id efl Taonia. Baccaris, i. Conyz.a maior Math. Baccaris ojftcinarum, ideft tAfara- ■ haccarss. B amt a,id efl , tAlthtta paluflris . Baptfeculafdejl Cyanus. Barba bird,id efl Tragopogon. Barba Iouis,id eft Semperuiu/im. Barba ^Aron,id efl Semperumum. Barbarea,id eft Tfeud^bunium. Batis Tltnftd eft Crtthmum. Baton, rd efl Terebinibus. Bazjart Chtchenjdefi Linum. Bazaar a Cantona, id efl Pft ilium. Becabmga,id eft Anagallis aquatic a. Bechionyd efl Tuffilago. Be doxy a arabibusj.Spina alba. Bedeguar {Jflath.SyUat. ’d ell Spina alba. Bederangie,id eft Meliffa. Beluidere Itahcajd eft Linaria . Beidhalalenyd eft A>z.oon. Betonica Pauli, td efl Veronica. Bihar,td efl Buphihalmon . Btfaria,id efl Dracunculus. Bifacutum,idefl Gmgidium. Bafiatrahagi,id efl Polygonum. Bifmalua,id efl lb feus. Bifltngua,ideft Htppog/ojfum. Bombax,id eft G offip+um. Botonana,ideft Aphyllanthes. Boutomon,id efl Platan aria. Branca vrflna,td efl Acanthus. Britanmcajd efl Bflorta quorundam. Brafftca caninajd eft Cynocrambe. Broeggia Plinij, id eft Helxine Cfl- farnpelos. Bru feus,id efl Rufcits. Bulb us agreflis,idefl Colchicum. Bubonium,td efl After Atticus. Buccinum,id efl Confolida regalis. Bugia,id efl Cortex Berber is. Botomon Theoph.i.Ins paluflris. Buie fid efl Salix. c Ac alia fid eft Tufftlago. Cachrys marinum,i. Crtthmum. Cachrtfera, id efl Lib amt is. Cahade,id eft Folium. Cafal, Nominum quorundam interprctatio. Cafal,id eft Agrimonia. Calabrina, id efi Lonchttis. Calchochrumad eft Fumaria. Calcifraga, id efi Crtthmum, Calib usd efi Calendula Caltba Poctarttm,id eft Calendula. Callionymum Geftn.id esl Li hunt con - . ualltum. Callirricum, id efi Cay ill in Vtneris . Calhon Pliny,id efi Atkakengi, Calicularisjd eft Hyoftcyamus. ' Caluegia,td eft Galanga. Campboratum,i. Abrotanum magnu. Candelaria,id efi Tap fin bar bat us. Candela Regia , id eft Tapftus barbst- tus. Cama Tliny,id efi jArtica. Catscum Autcenna , id efi Cbeltdoni - urn minus. Cantabrtca Plinij,id efi Rapunculus. Cantabrica Turneri, id efi Caryo- pbyllus. Capillaris, id eft Capillus Veneris. Capnos,idefl pumaria. Capmtis,td eft Fumaria. Capnogorgium Diof. id eft Fumaria. Caprrftciu Tlinij, id eft £z,ula Tragi. Caranfal,id eft Caryopby llos, Cardamum, id efi P fcudobunium. Cardopatium, id efi Carltna. Car duns fullonum , id eft Dtpfacus. Carobia Aflu-rij, id eft Ceratiaftili- yua. Curie a jd eft <^Tpios. Carnabadion Simeonis Sethij.Carui. Cartamus J ylueftn : , id eft Air a fly Its. Carpentaria, td eft Ffeudobunium. Carpe/ium , id eft Cubba. Carpeftum Galent,td eft Rufeus. Carnabadion Stmeonis Sethi,t.Carum Car del,id eft Smap is. Caffebar,td eft Conundrum. CaJJilago <UMatb. Syl. id efi Hyoftcy¬ amus. • ^ajfutba,tdefi Cuftuta. Caft or is, id eft Trtfohum pa/tidojum. Caftgnete,id eft Ptmpinella . Caftrangula,tdefi Scrophularia. Calcitrapa Mathioli , id efi Cardutis St Alains. Catef, id eft <*y 4 triplex. Cachrifera Rofmarmm, id eft Lib a- notis. Cathftum.id eft Abrotanum. Cattaria,id efi Nepeta. Cataputia maior, id efi Ricinus. Caucon Plmij, id ell Eyuifetum. Cauda Vnipt um,id efi A/ope euros. Cali ros, id esl Gramen m mna. C&ciliana Pltnij, id efi Androfemum SDodo. Centummorbia , id eft Nummularia. Centrum Guilt, id eft Horntinum. CcntHnculm,td eft Gnapbuhum. Cepea,idcfl Anagalhs Ayuatica. Ccratoniajd ejl Ceratiaftltcyua. Cerctt The op. id eft Arbor Iuda. Ceftts, id efi Dane us Cerua maior,id efi Rycinus. Cerauma, id efi Crajjula. Ceruicana,id eft Trachelium. Cichorium verrucarium, id efi He- dypnois. Circea Gr acts,id efiMandragora. Cincinnalis ,td efi Capillus Veneris. Ctcerbita, id eftSonchus. Cntcus , id eft Carthamus. Cneci. m ftp mum Cordi, id efi Carda¬ ns benedtftns. Cntcus fyhieflrisitd eft Atraflylis . Citr igo,id eft Mehffa Ctdromela,id eft TIT aim Me die A. Cineraria, id eft lacobea Marina. Char anti a, id eft Talfamwa mas. Chamac/ffus,id eftHedera Terreftris Cbamaleuce,td efi Tuftfilago. Chamspeuce, td efi Roftnannum ftyl- ueflre. Chamaxy/on Pliny . id eft Gnafalum. Chamtlea Gcrmanica,tdeft CMez,e- reon. Cbamxdaphnejd eft Laureola. Cbamadxpbne Phnftid eft Vinca per- utnea. Chamaphum,idefl Eryftmum. Chamarrbiphesjdeft Ralmites. Chamaleagnus, id eft sJMyrtus Tra¬ han tic a. Chamarops Plmij , id eft Palma bu¬ rnt Its. Char nub a, td eft Ceratia filiqmt. Charfi,td eft Aptunt. Chaftara, id eft Be tonic*. Chat he, id eft Cueumcr. Chiroma,id efi Bryonia nigra. Chitmiftd eft Althea, Chneradolei hr on,id eft Xdnthtum. Chubs z.e, td eft Main a. Chthodynamis, id eft Ben album . Chryftolachanon Pltny,i. Tot a bona, tin fanthemum Peruuianum, td efi Flos Solis. Chryftocome Geftneri,id eft Linaria. Chryftogonon,id efi Blaitaria. Chryftomela A then at, id efi Mai us Me die a. Citrago,tdefi Mehffa. CLutim Veneris,id eft Nympbaa, CLuicula, id eflHedera Helix. Clematis Peregrinaftd efi Flammula Iouis. Clematis Daphnoides, id efi Vinca perumc. \ Clematis altera (JMathio. id efi Vi- orne. Cleome Horatv, id eft Eryftmum. Colabrina,td eft Arum eAEgyptitWl. Coaoryd eft Faentculus. Colocaftajd eft Faba cAEgyptia. Columnar is , id eft Campana Lafleft- cens. Columbina A & nary, id eft Uerbena. Combul,id efi Nardns. Condift,id eft Saponarta. Condurdum Pliny , id eft Vac car ia, Con ftolt da media Fuchs if, id eft Bedis maior. Conftoltda media, id efi Bugu.la. Conftoltda minor Mathtohad efi Pru¬ nella. Conftoltda minor ‘Ruel/y, id efi Beilis minor. Conz,ambach Turci, id eft Hemero- c ailis Valentiria. Connarns Athenai, id efi fuiub*. Concordia , id efi Agrimonia. Contla,id eft Myrrbis. Conftecratrtx,td eft Iris noftras. Cor allot es Cordi, id eft Dsn tart a Mathioli. — - Corcorus Mtlochia, id efi Olm I ti¬ dal cum . Corcortu Marcelli vet. id eft Ana- gall is mas. Corydalis, id eft Radix Cana. Cor lnd.um, id eft Piftum Cordatum. Corimiola fthafts, id eft Scamonea. Corona fratrum, id eft Carcluus £rto- cepha/us. Cor ton, id eft Coriandrum. Coronopns,id eft Cornu Cerui. Congiola,id eft Centumnodia. Corona monachi, id efi Dens Leonis. Corona Regia, id eft Pomum (ftnoftum Coroneola,id eft Ly/imachia. Corydalium, id eft Fumaria. Corylus,ideft eyiuellana. Coftus(purins UMaibto.ideft Panax Chironium . Coftus Hurt or urn, id eft T a [fun it a maior. Cofta Canina, id efi Qjsincjueneruia. Cory dalop',diurn,tdeft Conftol. Reg,,lis Cot inus Dodo, id eft Corcyqria Plmij, Cot lAuicennajd eft Medic a. CrepanelL , id eft ‘DentilLrta Ronde- leiij. Creta marina,id eft Crtthmum. Crinita,id eflCapiilus Henem. Cubebas Serapio .is,tU t ft Ruftcus. Cucullata,id esl Pio^uicula. Cueunda, i. fDenttllaria Rondeletij. Cuminum lAbtkiopicum, i. Ammi, Cmilagojd eft Conyz,a. Cunegwidts , id eft Eupatorium Aui- Cenna. Cunila Columella, id eft Satureia. Cunophoron ,id eft Nux Incite a. Cmder ssLuicenna, td efi Saponari*. Curcuma.id eft Cyperus Indus. Cure as Ciusy,ideft Ricinus, Cusberjd efi Coriandrum. Nomina quorundamintcrpretatio. Cydntu HievcfolyniiUnd, id eft Pur- Eleagnus Mathiol. id eft ZAiphtu Fufus,id eft AtraElylis mica Auflriac*. Cyfo, id eft Hyffopus. Cymtndlis ,id eft Gentian A. Cynantbemis.id eft Cot Ad foetida. Cynoftaftus,id eft P Aetna. Cynoforcbis , id eft Satyr turn alba L'Obelij. Elegfeimumjd eft Paludapium. Ehpbacos,td eft S ain't a, Elkiageber,ideft Rofmarinus. Empetron Dod. id eft Kali. Empetron Rondeletij , id eft Crtthmu. Cynocephalus Apulei,td eft Autirrhi- Empetron, id e FI 7 ragi herb a Turca. Empetron,id eft Herniaria. num. Cynocephalus,id eft ^Anetum. Encephalon,id eft Chamsrrhiphes. Cynosbatos Dio ft id eft Rpft fylue- Eneaphyllum VObtlj, id eft Den ftris. tar id. Cynosbatos Tragijdeft Oxyacanthus Eneaphyllum, i. Lingua Serpentina... Cynosbatos Ruel/y, id eft Rubies. Enneadynamen Gefneri, id eft Gra Cynosbatos D alaftc amptus,i.Capparis. men Parnajft. Cyprus,id eft Liguftrnm L’Obelij. Cyprus Dod. id eft Phillyrea. D D *s 4 medrios,id eft Chamedrys. Danebalchtl, id efl Equiftetunt. Darach,ideft Palma. Daracht mans, id eft Mufti. Datiro, id esl Stramonia. Debonigijd eft Am hem is. Debonigi, id eft Chamomilla. Delia,id eft Beta. Delphinium, td eft Con ft h da Regalis. Diapenfia, id eft Samenta. Didar Arab,id efl Vlmus. Digitus Veneris, id eft Nymph ed. Dili, id efl G la ft am. Dili,id eft [fatis. Diocallta Apulei, id efl Chamomclam Dio ft iron, id eft Milium fobs. Dioftiros Pli ft, id eft Leeryma leb. Diofttnthos Tbeop.i Superba Fuchsij. Dochon, id eft panicum. Dohchus Theophr. id eft Thafeoltts L'Obelij. Draco her bad deft Tar con. Draco fylueftris,id eft P tar mica. Drofutum, id efl Haltabbi Anifum. Dr oft on Cordi,idcfl o/Llchimida. Drypis Gutllandini,i. Tragon Mat. Drypis Thsop. i. Eryngtum Marinis. Dry op ter is Tragi, id efl Ptcridion Cordi. Dry opt er is, id eft Adianthum n'tgru. Dryophonon Pliny, i. Arab is Dodon. Dulb Arab, id eft Plat anus. Dulcamara,id eft Amaya Dnlcis. Dulciftda, id eft Paonta; Dulcichinum Guillendini,id eft Cype- rus dnlcis Tragi. Dnmbcbej. Sudtuia . T? Chitm paluftre Cordi,id eft Scot- JLv pioid.es Dodon. Eghelo Dodon. i. Laburnum LO- " belij. Ephatium, id eft Ranunculus. Euphrofynum P linijui. Id or ago. Epilobion Gefn. id esl Chamanerium L’Obelij. Epimetron,id efl Epimedium. Epipetrcn,:d eft Epimedium. Eprpaflis Recentiorum,i.Helleborine. Epfpaths Rondel eft, id eft Herniaria. Eramhemum,id eft Flos Adonis. Ericoidesj. Eaphrafta lute a Dod. Fumarta Cory dales, i. Radix Caua< G G Aledragon Plinij, i. Dipfacus, Garoftmm, id eft Atrip lex Olida. Galhtricum, id eft Horminum. Gelfeminum Indieurn, id eft Mtrabi- lia Peruviana. Genirura,id eft Anetum. Genicular is, id eft Phu magnum. Gcnecanthe, id eft Bryonia nigra. Geum i . Carycphyllata. Cjiez>ir,i. Dane us. (jic<,ar Aridras.i. "Belbuntn. Cjith,i.Nigel/a. Githago Phnij,tdeft Lollium. G Luc turn, id eft Papatter Cornutum t Gladiolus <*Ajuatilts, id efl Iuncus Florida s. Globularia, i. Aphy/lanthes. Glojfographe zAuicenna, id eft Fu¬ marta. Cj eftipium, id eft Xylon. Granum Rcgtum Mefua, i, Ricinus. Eringitm Veg eft, i. zAcarna Thcop. Gromphena Pliny,id eft Calendula . Ertngium Gut Hand, id eft Car duns Grojfttlaria,ideft Ribes. Stellatus. Erinus,id eft Cor cor os Plinij. Eruum fylueftrejd eft Cat ana-ace. Eryphton Apulei, i/R uta, Eryftmum T bcep.id eft Came/ina. Erythrodanum, i.Rubia Tihplorum. Exupera, id eft Verbena. TfArftara, id eft Tufftlago. X Farfugtum, id eft Tujftlago. Farfium Atucenns, id eft Thor a Val- denfts. Farfrugum, id efl Calth a p aluftris. Faranum , id eft 7 uJJ'tlago. Faudegeni, id eft Origanum. Fel Terrs,id eft Centaureum. Fceniculus Porcinus,i. Peucedanum. Ferulacoh,id eft 7 hap ft a. Ferrariaj, Agrimonnt. F'erraria L’Obelij, i. Scrophuhria. Feftuca Plinij, id eft A vena St er ills. Flammula louis, id eft Clematis Pe¬ regrin a. FHieaftrum,ideft Ofmundus Regalis. Ftlix pa In ftris, i. Oftmmdus Regalis Ftlix Florida,i.Ofmundus Reqalis. Filtx L itifolia Cordi, id efl Ofmun¬ dus ‘Rgjoalis. Ft carta, id eft Chelidonium minus. Flos Regius, i.Confohda Regalis. Flos Ambarualts ,rdeft Polygala. ' Font alls, ideftPotamogeiton. Folium hdum, id eft Malabathrum Garcia. Fuga Damonis, id eft Hypericum. Grojfularia ,id eft Vsa Crtfta. H V ; ' H Abonog Auen oij,id efl Chamo- vnilla. IIab al Nil Serapionis, id efl Con- volvulus cardie us. Halcafmeg Aueroijjd eft Foeniculus » Halgaz^ar Auerhoe j.Paftinaca. HaltcacabumVeficarium, id efl Al- kpkengi. Halicacabum Peregrinum, i. Piftum Cor datum. JFamefiteos,i. Chamspitys. Hanab . Allhaleb. id eft Solanum. Haraha,i. Cueurbita. Harbatumfd eft Peucedanum. Harenarta, id eft Cornu Cerui. Hsronigi, id efl Doronicum. Hafmifen Syrtacum, id eft Camtoluti- lus Car ale us. Ha fluid Regia, i. Afthodelus albus. Hafte,t. Thymus. HanJacocba Plinij, i. Trifolium bi * tuminoftnm, Haur oArab. id eft Populus alba , Hebenc,i.Xyhloes ojficinarum . Herculania, i. “Verbena. FJederails Ruellij,i. Afc/epias. Iledera Spinofa, i.Smilax After*. Hedera Cilicia,i. Smilax Aft era. Htlxine,i. Parietaria. Helicen,i. Hedera Helix. .Hemen, i .Serpillum . Hepatica alba Cordif. Gramcn Par- naff. Herb* Nominum quorundam interpretatio. Herb A Scythica, id eft Cjlycyrrhizjg. Hippoglojfum Horn fact a , id eft Lau. Latte ca Chriftijd ell Lingua Serpen Alex. Herb a C*fta,i. Pxonia. Herba Leonis, id eft Talma . Herba Lucie, id ell Cheltdonium ma¬ im. Herba lmpetiginaria, id eft Chelido- mum matus. Herba Vulcaniyd ell Rytnunculm. Herba Scelerata, id eft Ranunculus. Herba Vlceraria , /. 1 \anuncuhu. Herba Cauftica, i.Ranunculus. Herba D'meotiliet, id eft Confolida Regalis. Herba Stella, i. Cornu Cerui. Herba Cancri, i. Hehotropium. Herba Radioli tApuleiftd eft Poljpo- dium. Herba Leonis Dolton, id eft Aqui- legia. Herba S. Anthonij, id eft Dentillaria Rondeletij. Herba Coxendtcum, id eft Cotyledon. Herba BenedtFla, i. Caryophyllata. Herba Fort is, id eft Soli dago Sarace- nica. Herba Paralyfts,i.Primula veris. Herba Clauellata, t.Vtola tricolor. Herba Laffulatayd eft Balfamita ma- tor. Herba Pinnula, id eft Hyofcyamm. Herba Turca,i. Herniaria. Herba Hangar tea Dodon.i.Alcea. Herba Simeonis Dodon. td eft Alcea HerbaDrbana,i. Acanthus. Herba Tunica Gordonij, id eft Ocy- maftrum, Herba Tunica Dodon. id ell Cary o- phyllata. Herba Cj allied Fracaftorftyd eft Ga- lega. Htrba Rutinalisjt. Spondylium. Herba Sardoa, id eft “Ran un culm Aruorum. Herba Sacra, t.Tabaco. Herba Sacra cAgrippa, i. tJMehffa. HermodaFlylm ‘Dodon. id ell Colchi- cum. HermodiB. It alarum, id eft Iris tu- berofo L'Obeliy. Hejperts Chtsij, i. Leucoium mart- num L Obeli). Hippia, i. Alftne. Htrundinaria,i.Aftlepias. ILortm Vever is. i Cotyledon. Horminum Trtdentinum, td eft Calm Iouis. Humadh.id eft Lapathum. Hunen, iJuiube. Huniure,id eftVrttca. Hydrofehnum, i. Paludapium. Hydrofeltmtm Gamerari), td eft La¬ tter maim. Hyofcyamm Peruuianm, id eft Ta- baco. ili Hyofyris Plinij, i. Face a nigra. Hjophtralmon, t. Alter At item. Hypecoon Dodon.id eft Cuminum fyl- ueBre. Hypecoon Clusty, i. Alcea Tenet a. Hippofehnon, i. Macedontcum. I I Arm,id eft Arum. lacftiuQ, *■ tAnemonc. Iaftone ,t .Campanula . Jafn, id eft Enula. lauatri, t.Nux Mofcata. lbiga, i.Chamspitys. Iezjfir Serapionis,id eft P aft in etc a. Imperatnxad eft Me urn. Inula Ruftica Scrtbonij Largi, id eB Confolida rnaicr. Inguinalis, t. After attiem . Intybm,id eft Cichcr sum. louts F.\ba,i.Hyofcya.r, m, louts Gians, t. CaBanea. Iouis Flos, i. Lychnis. Iouis Arbor, t. Quercia. Iorgir, id eft Fruca. Irto, t hr- mum. 1 un tit. quadrat ur Cel ft i. Cyperm . Iua < AW si fc. it a , td ift Chamspttys. lufxf.iy . Fun. b;:cm. lufcjuir.mu • / Hyofcyamm. Ixcpm C*rdi, i,Cbohdrilla. * K K Ameaclisjd eft Fbulm. Kant union,id eft Centaureum. Kan z,, id eft *Amygdalm. Kspar, id eft. Capparis. Kaur rchyd eft Cheltdonium maim. Kcbikengi, i.“Ranunculus. Keiri, id eft Leucoium. Kemetriyd eft Pyrtts. Kemum , t . Cuminum. Kenne, id eft L tguftrum. Kcruaghj. Rictnm. Kcrug haft Rye in m . Kermes,t Coccus. infeFloria. Kulb, id eft Mtltum folis. Knsbera tsiuerroiy , id eft Cert an* drum. Kusbor,i. Coriandrum. L Abrufca, id eft “Bryonia nigra. Lr.brurn Vinerts,id eft Dipfacm. L burnum.i. Anagyris. LaElaria, id eft Tithymalm. LaBuca Lrporina,i. Sonchm. LaFlucella, t . Sonchm. Lanata Curdt, id eft Aria Theoph. tin a. Lantana, i .“Viburnum . L anaria, t. R adieu la . Lanecola,t. Quinqueneruia. Laudata Ncbtl/a i Veronica. Lathyris,i. Cataputia. Lathyrm , i. Ttfum fylueBre. Lctucr Lau.icrum,i .Dtpficm. % Lauras Alexandria , id cB Hippo « glojfum . Inarm Rofea,ideB Oleander. Laurm fylueftris, t.Laurm Tinttt. Laurentina Mathielt, td eft Bugu/a. Leo Columella ,'t. Aqutlegta. Leonis Gfculum , t. Aqutlegta. Leant oft amutr, Gefieri, ideB A qui¬ lt put. Leo Herba “Dodon. td eft Acjuilegia. L epidium Plinij,i T iperit is . Lefen Arthaur, id eft Bugloffum. Lotted cant ha, id eft Carlina. Leucant ho mum, td ejl Chamomahtm. Libadion Far:/ . id eB Centaureum. Lib at-rum Amid, i.Boraoo. • 1 ^ Li m odor on Dodon. t. Or oh a rich. Lingua Atiis, t.Fraxir, us. Lingua Pag.,Kit, iH Ipoglc funt. L go Cored,i. phalargiM.i L’Obtlij L yen, td eft Piet tago. Lotus Vi b ma, id eft Trifclium odo - ratum IJ Obeli). I, angina, Horn hit is. Lichen, i.Llip m-'a offtcinarutr. Lunaria Art hr it tea Cefneri, id eB &Auricula Vrft. Luctola, i. Lingua Serpentina, Lunetrta Grsca.t.BoJbonac. Lunaria rnaicr Dtof. i.Alyjfon. Luph Cordt,i. Dracimcultis. Luyula, id eft Trtf chum Ac etc firm. LycoBaphylos Cordi, id eft Sctmbncus aquatica. “ Lycopfis, id eB Bugloffum fylueftre. Lyccperftcum,i .Pcma Amor is. M; M A chid yd eft Palma. iMadon Plinij, ideB Bryonia alba. Mahaleb Avicenna, ideB Tfeudo- liguftrum. (JMahaleb, id eft fbecies Thillyrea. Magydaris Theoph.id eft Laferpiriu. Malacocciffos, id eft Hodcra Terre - pis. Maltnathalla Theop.i.tAlah inft.na tJAiahco Ctffm Cafftmi Bafft. i. C <1. thupaluftrts. M’rlmuifem, i. Ibifcm. Man us /. I-irtis ,i.Qg4inqucfolium. Mar ana,td eft Stramonia. Mara thrum AUuarfti, Panic. Alar A Nomina quorundaminterpretatio. Maw beybd Dedov. idest Cerinthe (JMorghani Syriac a, id eft Fab ago Onoftna, id eft Bugjcffum fylueflre. Belgarttm. Qnopordon, id eft Acanthium Illyri Mochm Dodon. id efl Orobns L’O- Plim /. Marinella, iphn magnum. Marmarites, i. Fumana. Marmorella,i. zMgrimonta. Maftaftes,i.Lafterpitium. Maflon Tlinij ,i. Scabiofa. Mater Herb arum, id eft q,A rtemi - fta; Materfilon, id eft lace A nigra. A^atnfaluia, i.Horminum. Matrifylua, i.Penblymenum. (Maurohebra Caput, id eft o/Ln- tirrhinwn. Medium Dio/cor. id eft Viola Ma¬ riana. Medium L'ObelijJd eft Iris mari- timct Narbonenfts. Me lochia, i.Cor corns. belij. Morelia, id eft Solatium Hortenfe. (Mu la Herb a Gaza,id eft Ceteracb. Multibona, id efl Petrofelinum, Mumeiz,id eft Sy comorns. Muralia Pinny i. Helxines. Myophonon, id eft Doronicmt. Mjrtm fy!ueftris,i .Rnftcns, Myrica, i.Tamarifcm. (Myriophylhtm, i. Viola aqutlfdis. N N Abatnahojd eft LMentha. Nanochach,id Ammi. Nard cr Naron Arab.i.Rofti, Melampodium , id eft Helleberns ni- Nardns Creiica, i.phu magnum. ger. (Mel Frugum Dioclef. id eft Pani- cum. Melampyrum, id efl TriticumVac- cinum. Mela ft ermum,i. Nigella. Me Itch Arab, id eft Tnfolium fm- ticans. Meleagris Flos, id eft Frittillaria. Melanthium, i. Niaella. €> * Melofpinum, id eft Pomum Spino- ftnm. Memiran Andr. Bellunenfs, id efl Cheltd. mains. Memireftn Auicen. i. Chehd.omum maim. LAfeud Hendi Arabibns, id eft Sea¬ men c a . (Memithz Arabtbm, id efl Papauer Cornutnm. Memacylum, i.Arbutm. Menogenion, i. Paonia „ Nardns ruftica PhmjJ.Conyzjtt. Narf, id eft Nafturtium. Nay go l, id eft Palma. Nafturtium hibernum, id eft Pfsu- i dobmittm. Nenuphar, id eft Nymph aa. Neottia, id eft Nidus auis. Nepa Gaz.it, id eftGenifta ft/inofk. Nerium,id eft Oleander. Nicophoron Plinij , id eft Smilax aftera. Nicoftana, id eft Tabaco. Nigellaftnim, id eft Pftudomelan- thinm. Nilofar, id eft Nymphaa. Nil aMuicenna , id eft Conuolualm C&ruleus, Nola Cnlinaria.td eft Anemone. Noli me tangere Clusij, id efl hnpa- tiens herba. Noli me tangere,i.Cucumi$ fylueftris Nux Me tel, i. Stramonia Fuchsiy. cum. Or deli on Nicandrj,i, Tor dy lion. Ophris, i. B / folium. Gphioglojftim,i .Lingua ferpentis . Opuntni Plinij,id eft Ft cm Indica. Op fag°, id eft Solanum fomnijerum. Orbicular is,id eft Cyclamen, Ormlajd eft Horminum , Oreofeltnum , id eft Petrofelinum , Ornns, id eft Fr axioms Tabula. Orontittm, id eft Antirrhinum. Ofiria Cordi, id eft Ornm Tragi, Oft eocollon, id eft Confohda mat or. Qftrut ium, id eft Imperatoria. Ofyris, id eft Linaria. Ot honna, id eft Flos Africanm . Qxyacantba, id eft Berberis. Oxy acanthus, id eft Spina alba. Oxys, id efl Tnfolium Acetofum. Oxymyrftne, id eft Rufous. Oxycoccus Cordi , id eft Vaccinia pa. luftris. Rdna. o Mentha Saracenica,id eft'Balfttmita Nux Veftcaria, id eft Staphyloden maior. dron. Meu, id eft Meum. Memiren Serapionis, id eft Cbehdo- nium minus. Methel,id eft Stramonia, (Menianthes paluftris, i. Trifolium palufire. Msrzenius, i. Maior ana. Mcfcatremfir. i. Diflarnnum. (Millieprana, i . IJerniarta, (Menianthe The op. id eft Tr folium palufire. Militarist. Millefolium. Miba,i.Styrax. Msllemorbia, id eft Scrophularta. A4ixa,i. Sebefien. (Molochia Serapionis, i. Corcoros Mathioli. (JMolybdenafi. Dentiliarus Tonic- letij. Momordka, id eft Ralfam 'ita mas. P Alma Chrifti , id eft Tficinns. Palalia, id eft Cyclamen. Paderota, id eft Acanthus. Panis Cue nil, id eft Tr (folium iMce- tofum. Pancratium ,id eft Squilla. Panis porcinm, id eft Cyclamen. * Papauer Spnmenm, id eft Ben album. Paronychia Diofc. id eft Ruta Ma¬ rtina. Pafferina %uc!lij, id eft Morftu Gal• Una. Pedicular is, id eft Staphifagria. Pedmcutaria Marcelli , id efl St a - phifagria. Peganonjd efl Tut a fylueftris, PentadaUylon, id eft Ricinns. Nymphea minima, id eft (JMorfns P eponellaGefen, id eft Ptmpinella. Perlaro, id eft Lotus arbor. Perforata, id eft Hypericon. Per diet on, id eft Helxine. Perifterois, id eft Scabiofa minima. Perfonata, id eft Tardana. Pezictt Plinij yd eft Fungm. Pes Auis, id eft Ornithopodium. Pes Lconis, id eft Alchwida. Pes Vituli, id eft oMrum. Pes Leporinm, id efl Lagopm. Petum America Ir.coL, i.Tabaco. Petilhu Flos, id efl Flos Africanm. Pharnaceum, id eft Coft ns Spur ms. Phafganon Theoph.id eft Gladiolus. Phalangitis,i, Thalangium. Thellos, ideftSuber. Phellandrium, id eft Cicuta maxima. Nidus Chrifti,id eft Horminum. Odontis, id eft Dentillaria Ron- deleiij. Olualtdia, id eft Cham am alum. Olea Bohemisa,id eft Ziziphm alba. Oleagnos, id efl Camelea. Oleaftsllum,id eft Camelea. O'ltu ludaicum, id eft Corcoros. Olm album ( Dodon. id eft Valeriana Campefttris. Onagra V°ternm,i. Cham&neritim. Onitis Plinij,id efl Origanum. Ononis, id eft Reft a Bonis. Onobrychisyd eft Caput Gallinacenm Onobrychis Belgarum,id eft Campa- Phellandrium (juilUndtni, id eft An¬ na Arucnfts » gclica. Phoenix Phoenix,ideft Lolium. Phtlomedmm, id eft Cheltdomum ma- tUS. T hileteriumfd eft Ben album. Phleos,id eft Sagittarta. ‘Phthirionfd eftTedtcularis. Phylatcria,id-eft ‘Polemowum. Phillyrea‘T)odon&i,id eft Liguftmm. Pbyllon Theophraftt, t. Mercurial #. Pbilanthroposjd'(ft Aparine, Picnacomon Angutllar*, h Rftefeda. Pmpinella fpinofa Camerarijj., Pote- non LObeldj. Pinaftellajd eft ‘Pence danum. Ptper aquatlcumfd eft Hydropiper. Piper Caltciithiumftd eft Cap Heim. Piper lndum,id eft Capftcum.. ‘Piper Brafi/ianum ,id eft Capftcum. Piper agreftejd eft VHex. P ft acta fylueftris, id eft Nux Heft- caria. P ft ana,id eft Sagittaria. Plant a leones,id eft Alchimilla. Pneumonanthe UObelij, td eft Htold Calathiana ‘Dodonai. Podagrari.a (feme ante a, id eft Her bn Gerardi. Poly trichum,id eft Cap: Hue Heneris. Poljtrichum Fuchfti, id eft Mufcus capillar Is. ' Polygonatum, td eft Sigtllum Salo¬ mon is. Poljgonoides Dtofcoridis,id eft Hinca pcruinca, Polyanthemum, i. Ranunculus aqua¬ tic us. Polygonum,id eft Ccntumnodia. c Populago,id est Tujftlago. Potentilla maicr, id eft Hlmaria. ' Pothos Coftei,i. <t/f qutlegia. Pothos Theophrafti, id eft ^quile- gia. Proftrplna herba, id eft Chamome- lum. . ' ' A.. ‘Protomedia,id eft Pirn pine Ha. fPfeudorchis ft . htfolium. Pfeudobuniumjd eft Barb area. Pftudocapftcum , id eft Sitchnoden- dron. Pyrethrum ftlneftrefid eft P tar mica. Fteridion Cordi.i. ‘Dry opt er is Tragi. Puftech, id eftPiflacia. Fulicaria Gaz,<e, id eft Conyz,a. CL Quemia,id eft Nigella. R R Adix Naronica ,id eft Iris. Ramelfd eft Ciflus. Raphamu fylueflris, i.D it under. Lfapum terra,id eft Cyclamen , Ragmgifd eft Fosniculum. iy°Lf Nomina quorundam interpreted#. Raledialemen Haltabbt,i.Humana.. Scolopendria,i Lingua ceruinj. Regina prati,id eft Hlmaria. Rofafatuinajd eft Pseonia. Rofa Iuxonisjdeft Lihum. Roraftrumjd eft Bryonia, Rorellajdeft Rosfalu. Rotulafolia,id eft ChaM&melum. Rhododaphne,id eft Oleander. A < Rhododendron,id eft Oleander. Rhuftlmum Ap'slei,i.Ranunculus.- Rirna iyf[arta,td est Alliana. R'tncus marinus ,tdefi Crnhmum. Tubus cerumw,t.SmilAxafpera. Rumexfdefl Lapathnm. Rut a caprana,id eft Gat eg*. Rut a paluflrisjd eft 7 halictrum. O Abeteregi id \ASabater,id ej, •id eft Fumaria. eft Satureia. Sadfb,td eft Rut a. Sacra herba Agrippafd eft Saluia. Saffarge/jd eft Malus Cydoma. Safkrberr,mof?,fd eft Sparganium. Sahcnria.id eft Lyftmachta. . , Saltunca Gefnert, id eft NUrdus Cel- ttca. v Salftrora.ideft Ros foils. Salic aft rum pirn ft Amara dulcis. SalicaHrum Dioftondis, i. Bryonia nigra. Salix Amerina,id eft Saltx humilis. Saliuaris,id eft Pyrethrum. Saluia vt is,id eft Rut a mar aria. Saluia agreftu, id eft Scordtum alte- rum. Saluia Romana, i.Rulft. nut a maior. Saluftwdriajd est Ngetla. Samalum Phnq.td eft Pul fat ilia. Samolum 'pltnry)t . jtnagallis eqiiatica Sampjuchum,itfi.(ft zAmarachus. Sanguis Herculis , id eft He lie b or us alb ui. Sanguinariafd eft Cornu cerui. Sanamundajd eft Caryopbyllata. Sarax,td efl F'hx. Sardinia plans.,id eft Caftaned. Saui b,id eft tJMaltu Perftca. Saxiphagon r D toft id efl Eetonica. Saxtftagia/uteaFuchfti, id eft Melt- lotus. Saxiftagia rubra, id eft Phihpendtila, Sagitta,td eft Sagittaria. Scamrnonea tenuis, id eft Helxtne Cijptmpelos. ScandiXytdeft Peflen Heneris. Scarlea,id eft Horminum. Scaunix zAuerr.id eft: Nigella. Sceletyrbenjd eft Rtftorta. Sctjfma Gaz,a,tdeft Fagus. Schehedenegi,id eft Cannabis. Scbeiteregifd eftFumaria. Sc opart a yd eft Ofyris . Scorodonia,ideftfcordium alter urn. Scorpio Theophrafti, id eft Genista fpinofa, - Sco/ymos Diofcoridis, ideft Cinara. Sc ilia, id eft S qutlla. ScuclySyrtaca.td eft ‘Papauer Rhoeas. Secacul Monardt, tdtft Stgillum Sa¬ lomon is. Selago Phnij, id eft Sauina fylueflrie Tragi. A.'... ■ Seliem,td eft Rapum. Sclgonionjdeft Ptcpnia. Selanion,id efl Crocus veyntu. Selhgayd eft Nar-dut Celtic a. , .* ^ . Semtnolu,:deft Equifetum. . Sedum maius,id-eft Semperuitiunt, Seneffigijd eft Hf-ola marts,*.■ ■ Serpent aria,id eft Dracunculus,,, Sertula campana, id eft Mehlotu$. ■.?, Sir apt as mas, id eft. Grchu foemi.n# Tragi. Seygar fid eft Nux snofeatd. Stda Pheoph.ideft Aitheapaluftris. . Sideritis tertia Mathtoh, ideft Rut A canma Monffehenftum. ., Sideritis ,i Marrubium aquatuum. Siciliana Camerarij , id e ft Androfe- mum Dodon&i. Stger Indi, id eft Palma. Siringa car idea Dodon&t, id eft Lilac PA at hi olt. Stliqua dulcis,i.Ceratia ftltquA. St heu la Harr on u,id eft Foenugrecum. Siliquaflrum ‘Phnij,id eft Capftcum. Stgillum '-JMaria,t fhryoma nigra. . Sin,id eft Ficus. Stnasbariu?n,td eft Mentha a qua tic a Stnapi Per(icum,td eft 7 hlafft. Sifter, id eft Siftarum. Stlaus Plinij,id eft Thyjfelium. Sifon Syrtacimtftd eft Ammi. Siftittepteris ‘PltnijPd eft PimpineUa. Siler Phnij,id eft Ain us nigra. Sit him,id eft Lartx. SmtLxjd eft Conuoluulus. Smirhiz.a Plinij,id eft Myrrhis. Sorb us aucuparia , id eft Fraxtnus bu- bula. Sorbus Alpina Gefneri, id eft oo/iria Theophrafti. Sorbus fylufiris, id eft Fraxtnus bu- bula. Solanum rubrumftd eft Capftcum. Solanum hgnofum Plinij, id eft Ama- radulcis. Solanum tetraphyllum, id efl Herba Paris. Solanum veftcarium,i. Alkykengi. Solatrumjd eft Solanum bortenfe. Solbaftre!la,id eft Pimpinella. Softbio Theopb.i. Anemone. Sparganion Mathtoli, id eft Plata - naria. Be sec i Spina Spina acuta,id eft Osty acanthus. Spina acids, id eft Oxyacantha. SpiUA hirci,id eft Tragacantha. Spina infe Gloria,id eft Bjoamnus foln- ttUUS. Spina Iudaica,id eft Talittrus, Sprraa Tbeoph. i.Viburnum. Sponfa felts,id eft Ros foils. Sphacelus Dodonj.Scordium alteram L'Obelij. Spljth,id eft Radix caua. Spicata,i.P otamogeiton. Staphylodendron Pltnij, id efl Nux veftcaria. Static! ‘Dalefcantpijjd eft Caryophyl- Itu marinus VObelij. St At arid,td eft Peucedanum. StellariaHoratij nAugerij, i.Cardaus ft e Hat us. Stomacace i.Coclearia. Stomacace Phnij,i. Biftorta. Strutbiopteris Cordi,i.L onchitis. Struthmnj . Imperatoria. S truth urn Mathioli, i. Saponarid. Struthium plimjj.Ptartmca. Strumaria Galeni,i.Lappa miner. Strangulatoria Auicenna, id eft Do- ronicunt. S (tearam,i. Cicuta. Succifaj.LMorfus Diaboli. Surum.tAuicemta,i. Nigella. Syntphytum,i.Confoltda maior. Symphoniaca,i. Hyofcyamus. Supercilium Veneris , id eft Viola aquatilis, Supercilium terra, id eft Capiltus Ve¬ neris. Stis,i.Liqnirifut. *~V*Agctes Indie a, id eft Flos Ajfri- A can us. Tabalebj. Lens paluftris. Tnmecnemum Cordi,i.Vaccaria. Tarifilon Auicenna, id. eft Trifolium bituminofum. Tatula Cluftij.Stramoma. Tatoula Turcis,i,Pomum fpinofttm. Tamm Dodonai, id eft "Bryonia ni¬ gra. Taraxacon.id eft Dens honts, Tarfa.i.Taman fax. Nominum quor undam interpretatio. Te da arbor,id eft Pimts fylueflris. Terz,ola Baptifta Sardi, id eft Eupa- torium cannabwum. Tetrahit,i.Herba ludftca. Terdina Paracelft,i.Phu magnum. Terpentaria,i .Betonica aquation. Telipbano,i. Doronicum. Thinaj.Larix. Thut,i.Morus.. Tbuia Tbeophrafti,i. Arbor vita. Tbyffelium, i.Apium fylueftre. Tbymbra,i.Satureia. Torfolbobo,i.Heliotr opium. Topiaria,i.Acanthw. Trapez,untica,i.Laurocerafus. Tragi um,i . Fraxinella , Tragmm Germanicum, i. Atriplex olida. Tremulaft .P opulus Libyca. Trtfolium fibrinum, id eft Trifolium paluftre. Trifolium cochleatum,i.Medica, Trifolium fruticans, id eft Polemo- nium. Trifolium afpbaliitssjd eft Trtfolium bituminofum. Tuber terra,i.Cyclamen. Turbitb,i.Thapfta. Tnrbitb Auicenna,i.Tripolium. Typhium Tbeophrafti,i.TuJftlag9. X 7 Ffit aria peregrin a, ideftPifum V cordatum. Veelgutta Dodon.i.Petrofelinum. Veratrumj. Hclleborus. Veratrum Diofcondis, i. Aflrahtia nigra. Verbafcula,i.Primula veris. VerdelhelHaliab. i/Ranmculus. Verrucaria Mathioli, id eft Hedyp - nois L’Obelij. Vittoriolaj.HippogloJfim. Vitis albaft.Bryonia. Vitis Idaaj.Vaccinia. Virga fanguinea (Mathioli, i.Cornm foemina. Virga pastor is,iSDipfacm. Vitalisj. Crajfula « Vitalba,i.Viorna. Viticellaj. Momordica. Vincetoxicumjt. Afclepias. Viola nigra,id eft Viola martia. Viola flammeaj.Viola tricolor. Vtperarta,i . S cor sooner a. Vifnaga,t. (ft ingidium. Vtnbilicm Ven er is, t. Cotyledon. Vnedo Plinij,i.<}yArbutm. Vngula caballinaj .TuJftlago. Vlticanaj.Solatium fomniferum. Vlpicuni Columella, i. Allium. Vrinaria,i.Dens leoms. Vfnea,i,Mufcm. Vua lupina Marcelli,id eft Sambucus aquatica. Vua taminia,i.Bryonia. Vua lupina Dioftoridis, id eft Herb a Paris. Vsa verfa,i . Herba Paris. Vua vulpis,i.Solanum hortenfe. VuuLma,i. Hippog/ojfum. V’■tularia,i.Laurus Alexandria. Vuularia Dodonai, i .Trachelium. Vuluaria,i. cAtriplex olida. ' ‘Uulgago Maceri, i. Afttrum Bac - caris. Vtucata Caya,i.Stramonia. X aicr, Alniriem i.Libanotis. Xanium,i.Melantbium, Xylon ,i. (ft offipium. Xylocaracia,i.Ceratia filiqtta. Xyphiumj. Gladiolus. Y Tebet,id eft Anetum. z Z Ahara Auicenna, id eft Anthyl* lis L'Obelij. Zaiton,i.Olea. Zaramdj. Ariflolochia. ZarzMparillaj.Sarfa par ilia, Za&intha Mathioli.i.Hedypnois. Zerumbeth,i.Zedoaria. Zizania,i.Loliutn. Zingiber caninum,i.Capftcum. Ziz,ipbus,t. luiuba. Zizsipbus alba,i.z/£leagnus Math. Ziziiphu* alba Camerarij, id eft Ole A Bohemica, A A Table of all fucb Englifli names, as are attributed vnto the Herbes, Shrubs, and Trees, men - tioned in this Hiflorie. A A ©jecoetitree 1260.1x61 3 flcatia , tljat id, Cgpptian Cbojme 1130 5cbe,t;/at id ^manage 862 Aconite, id XVwKed bane 818, 819 £ 55 }ountaine Aconite 816.817 Aconite® £$itb*ibate,ilcoBe ^nt^oja 819. 820 Clje elite TUcojne 1214 2 lbamGapple 1531.1552.13^3 SibterG grade, that id ©ogbailocBG i 57 Sbberrocojt, tbatiGj*bnaKctt>eeb 323 3 dbbevGtcong 327 African tnnrtgolb 609.610.611 31 erbtoptanapplcG 276 31 gar ids ii84 21 gr interne 575 ©aftarb anbfi>ater 31 grin tome 574 SUgnus Callup 1202 SSguctree 1341 3 Uecofte, t*jat id Coftemarp 3 24 SJiigcob, tbattsfalfeS^crcunc 239 3 Uigcob, that tG gcob l^cnrte 02 <$n= glifi) £fijercurte tbib. SlUbeaie, that id CloroneG 5 »ounb:= wicojt 830.831 2 fiebco«e,tbatiG<! 5 rounb 3 !!tttc 703 3lejt3nberG,c2>3ii?anberG 863.866 ^lepanbcvGfootc, tbatiGlS>cliito;tte of isbpamc 619 ♦fllier, o? 3 Uber tree, anb btS fcinteG 1286.1294 SJiifcebe, that id Smlbc <aD?acb 2 37 5 HlleIupa,ti)at id ixcob jsJOjtdi 1031 Hinton!) tree 1236 % Imonb fMttm tree 1312 3 Ugcg,o$ 3 ' pgreene anb bis fctnbG 409. 410 31 lBaKengi,tbat is xomtcr'Ctjerrp 271 31l&met,Q3fciibe©uglode 636 2 lmcaG,anbbtGfcinbG 881.882 aimbjcfte^battGlDcuugDbGfa'Ii 336 3mclco2iie 63 #naearbtum,tbat id ©cane cf fispalaca 1360 3 nemcne,fce flDtnbSoSeer 3ntfe,033nntfefaS)E 879.880 2 lnet,tf)at 10 TDtli 878 Angelica, anb bis feinbG 846.847 Stn^pIliGj 0$ ftinbmg grounb ^tne 419 3 ntboja 820 35 pple, anb Ijis fetnbG 2 273.1274. 1273 Sfppleoftbeeart!) 698 SipplcG of lone, cj golben Apples 273 f^icBIp 3 ppicG,oj cf $cru,fc? <Cb 0£= nte 276.277 Apples cf y erufaiem 290.291 S$ab SdppteG 273.274 3 tpjecccBc 1260 35 racl),anbbtGfe(nbG 237 3 flrebangeUanbi)iGbtnbeG 366.367. 368 ©ladle 3 lrebangeU, that id ftinfeing iijojebotmb. 566 10 a ter Archer, 03 Sfrroxo i;eab anb biG bis fetnbG 3 3 6 3 rbutetree,oj j&traxobcrrptree 1311 3 rcbeb tree,icofc bauiteb ^Figtrce 1331 35 rgemo nc,ti;at id bsftarb ^opgie anb btGbinbG 301 3 frtftoIoebi 3 698 2iromattcsilreeb 36 3 ron 6S3 33 rticbofccG 991.992 3 lrfmart,tbatiG£>ater stepper 360 361 3 Jfarabacca 683.689 %fparagtts anb bis BtnbG 532.933. 934 953 23 -fpe tr ec,03 “21 fp entree 1303 3lfpi}0bdi, anb biG btnSG S 3.87.8 9 3 Slbetrce 1289 SlbefeeieG itib. 32 tlbc 31 Ibe, ojiUftt cfeen tree 1256 3 fffeG ©ope tree 1131 3! finnan Spplc free 1178.1279.1281 SMfpjtan^lntn 1313 %tcnG,anb b*S utnbs 841.842.843 3 pScb 1037 23 rfeebe tbib. 2J?:w)£D?t tbib. 23 pfoeroe?b 849 2lpgteene 412 B T> 2 ?cBw 5 (a?t, c? limitb^ctic 661 iJDalbmotnc, o$©albmcme 3 30, 331.352.893 ©aftarb ©albmome 893 ©ail , 5 £l;tftle 990 ©alane 560 ©almcmint 333 ©alfamir.t .tbib. ©altnetree, that id penned tree, 0? £* 5 clir> CJufi; & L'Obelij 1346.1347 ©atmeapples, Ste^ppicG of Jentfa= lent ©alfam tree, feiti; tfje fruite anb Snob 1345,1344.1343 ©allccB grade, thru id iDogs caliionG 156 Crtple ©aliorB, tijet id triple labte JlaceG 167 &> 5 Keete©ailocB 169 ©ancSscojtjtbat id ^jper rocjt 8 1 3 814.813 S &. ©arbaracG berbe 18 3 S&arberie bulb (f biG fetnbs 1144^013 ©arlep anb bisfeinbG 64,6 3.66.67 ©arnseic tree 1391 ©arnaelcG, 03 tree ©eefs tbib. ^.©arnabceGtbiftlc 1004 ©amniDuijt 389 2 H 3 afsIl,anb!jtG BtnbS 546.5 47 JOiibe^adil 548.349 IBcbcobj ©adil 331 Cc 5 »©afiil 393 ©atcbeicrG buttanG 811.812 ©artmte anb bis UinbG 338.339.560 ©ap tree,anb biG UtnbG 1222.1223. ©ap 5Dtlioeo,03©ap fciUoxo brrb 3 8 8 loilbc ©a^ tree 3224. 1223 ©eabetree 1306.1307 ©cane tree 1241 ©eane Capes 750 ©cane, anb biG ittn&s 1033.1036 Jrlat ©eaneG, tljat id JinptneG i^4J ©earbeb grade 14.13 ©careGbjeecb 986 ©eareG care, anb biG fcistbG 640.645 ©careG doarlicbe 142 ©earcrncojt 893; ©earefoote 827 £>urlabico©cbdraroe 437.966.5c, ©!ero©els 313 31 nbiau 2l^ojrtfe©elG 1361 ^ntumne©cildcxnerG 333 Steeple ©ell flotocrG, oj ^seacb ©elG, o?ilceplc©clG 366.3 67 ^ea©eIG 69a ©diScujcrG . 362 JPilbc©dlflorcerG 369 l^arueft ©elG 3 53 ©cetej^jfbbiGfeinbG 231.232 ©eecb free 1233 ©eecbmaft 1233 ©oefotnSseebc no i^avib © cetlc^bat id 47 tir>bitc©ebcn 331 ©ent s ©ertram 619 ©etie, cj©etre, tbatiGbadarb ^cp= P« 15 37 ^auIeG©cten-'c,5 ijtGbinbG 302.504 ©fctonic 5 77 U 3 atet©etonie 578.579 ©ig,o?big©arIcp 64 ©inb&ee’ee anb b»s ItinbG 712.714 &>ca ©tnbxDceb,c^ T-: tt!?wtub 690 ISottgb ©tnbae^be, oj rough ©mbs fea'bcof^ens 709710.711. ©Ic2»©tttbiceeb 714.713 purging ©inbrceeb ’716 ©inbrgeebe, cj 35 nd^aunterjof Rights Ibabe ’280 ©ifbspGiajcebe 882 ©ifpopcleatreG 579 ©iiberrieG,o^©tt!berrieG 1232 ©irebtree 1293 ©ifbGtcong 452 ©irbGfcote 1061 ©irbGctne 638,639 ©trbs neft 176.87? ©trrbxr ccijt,anb biG BinbG, 69 6.69 8 ©taojt,anbbtG BtnbG 323 ©ittdftccete,anb 1 ;ig fetnbG 278.279 ©itter&oojtG 332 ©laebe benied, icobe ©?amfclc bufi) 1089.1091 ©iabbermtt 1249 ©Icra ball, tbattG©Ie 5 a bottle 394 ©leffeb Cbiftle 1009 ©leS» bottle 391.594 ©iitCG, 0? © IptCG 252.255 ©icob 5 rco?t,ti;.atts KcebielDoefce. 347 ©tobdrauge,tbat id Mien fetatie 3 4.6 59 ate©!odbRtG, that id Cbnoaltilils iic,anbbtGkinbG 232 ©olbonacbjtbatiG & 5 jite fatten 378 ©ombafe,o$©utnbaft 753 ©ozagc.ar.b btG Biu'OG 6 3 2.6 5 ? ©CCtCG 671 ©ojeetbojne 1130.1131 5Dxoardc©o)ce,e3gro«nb©c)ee 1226 ©c,retree 1223.12:6 ©gamble bnllj 1089.1091 Cee.ce 2 ©», * A Table of the Englilh names. B?abe, ant> J)(s! fe<nt»csf 3 Icofec ^Fctne JVtlbe Cammomill . 616,618 968.970- - - Campion anb btS feinbs 382.383,384 JBjancb peafe 1047 .383 3 ® janfee uUt'fin " 9-36 ... Canaria grade,Canaria feeb ojCojne :>Bjtgbt3X>beate 59,60 80.81 SBjiroftoneforajt, tbattSfoxo fennel 1 €ane,Caner ©be,subtjisfeinbs 32 897 3 3*34 S?io«i.Cjan®i)iS(feinD0 7j9.720.721 Cancer®®jt,tfeat iff ifiuelie n 304 722 Canfeen»cojt,tbat i 0 fbidc in bet) 2 2 8 3!nbtan IBjicnie, tija£ iff :@pecbcacan Canbie g$ttftcifte>9? Canbie Cblafpte 724 2Bjcome,sttbb!S fetnbs 1130.1032 IBjame ISape 1130.1133 jgjweete 25jiar bull?, Icobe eglantine 1088 :Sjiarbufb,t3jat: is Septra 1088 25jcomeSDcojt 210 SBjoame&wjt, that is S»ater 2Betonie 579 SBafelBjcome 1133.1136 OBaftatb fpaniQ) 2Bjeonte, fee ^pantfy. sljcofelime >093.496.497 2B$ttfeS»cojt,tbat iff j&ojpemajjt 360 . 312 BwcfeesbeaneS 1023 2BucfeeS boj'^anb biS feinbs 346.3 47 2!5ucfee&)beate 83,82 2i5ucfelcr tbbjne,tbat iff Cbjifls tbojne II53 2&ncferams 142 IBucfeetbojne 1134,1133 UBucfemaO: Buglode, : anb fyiff feinbs 1253 634.653 Bugle 506 JiBulfote 667 ipuIlocfejGt ilonsxooojt 630 jBullocfeSeie 412 !2Bull5oeebe 590,704 JBulltooojt 882 TBulleifetm 1313 2Buliimong §3 IBurnet 888.889 Burgunbie 'Crcfoile 1020 2!5urre,anbbiSfeinbs 664,665 ■^Burrc IHeebe 40,41 iBurfnscDit 45? <Breat f mater!H5um 41 jButrclDotfee 664 Clot IBurre 663 oufc IBarre, 0? bttcb IBurre tbib. riPater IBurre IDocfee 668 ® uttaUie ^atpjion 164,166 ^Butter ©rojt,oj2!5 utter rate 643 gutter liBurre 667,668 Sutter floioers 803 iButcbers bjoemte 760 butchers pjicfee tree 1286 C C % bbagc,tljat is Colerocojts 243 Caiocus,ojCatQus, tbatislfeib^ nev feeane of SSpalaca 1360 CaiatbianbicletS 333 Calamint, anb bis feinbs 336.337 neater Caltrops 676 Calues fate 683 Caltrop,fa jg^tarretbittle 1004 Caines fnobt,anS ms fetnbs 43 8,43 9 Calamus 3SIrcraattcti0 3 7 Camm lSbaie, tafee Screnr.nthum 40 Cammocb,tbat iff veil’ farrow 1141 1142 Cammosmll,anb IjiS feinbs 614,613, 616 IRsDCammomtU, t^at iff Flos Adonis 310 270 Canbie^Itfanbers 869 Canbie Carrots 874 Cantertnme beis 203.366 Capers,anbbisfeinbS 748.749 Capons taile, that iff great fonlOetJas icrian 918 Capjifolte 744 CarbeCeafeli 1006 CarIocfee,oj Cbarlocfee, ant l;is feints 479,480 33?ilbeCarlinethtttle 996,997 Carobe tree 12 40,1241 2£!)tte Caroline ttjiftle 993.996 Carrot,anb bis feints 872.873 IBtibe Carrot tbib. i&tinfeing anb benblw Carrots 87 5 876 Cavomap,anbCarmoapfeebe 879 Cafes, cjCajces 904 Cadtbottte 420 Cattle (BilMoxoerSjtbat is ttotfe <Btl- lofio5»ers 17-i Call me bo tone 470 Cadiafittttla 1242 Caterptllers, tbatis ^cojpion grade anb bis feints 267 Cat mint,ojjftcp 5 54 Catcbfiie 481,482 Cats fate 7 05 Cats taile,oj Cats fpeare 42 % Cats taile grade 10 l^jtcfelep oj Juniper Cebar tree 1190 1191 Cebarcflibanns 1170,1171 Celanbineanb bis fetnbs 696 (Brest Ceianbine 911 ^mailCelanbine 669 Cento jtc,anb b is fetnbs 43 6*437 Cefars treefpurge 404 Ceteracb 979 Chameleon tbiftle 997.998 Champion fea i^ollp 1000 Cb3biocfee,fee C arlccfec. yobite Cbamcleon grade 25 Cbaft tree,anb bis fetnbs 120T.1202 Cbade 5»©b that is Cotton Sweebe 519 Cberric,anbbiS fetnbes 1318,1319, 1320.13 21.132 3 l^tntcrCbcrrics 271 long Cb erne tree 1282 Cbcntill, anb bis fetnbs 882,883,884 (Breat oj I xoeete Cberuile ibib. ^.poefee Cberuile,tbatiS ^bepbtarbs neeble 884 Boater Cbcfnut 676 Cbeefe bossies 298 Cbeeferenning, tbattS labios 2!5ebs ftrato 966.968 Cbefnuttree 1 253.1254 Cbcfnut ibib. Cartb Cbcttnut 906 Cbecfeereb ©afFobill 122 Cbtcfexccebc,anb bis feinbs 487,488, 489 SattavbCbicfexoeebc 491.492.49 3 Cbilbjcne Mercuric, tljat iff Smlbe 559ercurie ‘ 264 Cljofemg fparge,tl)|t is fea fpurge A07 CbJiftS Sscojt, 0? Cbjifls Ijerbe ana Cfeiftmas jjcrbe,tbat ts blacfee l£el* leboj. ' i- 8z6 Cbjtftstbcjne 1133,1134 £>,Cbjtftopbersberbe 829.971 CicbeImg,artbbiS6robS 1034 Ctcljes, anb bis fembs 1047,1031 3£ilDe etches 1048 Cicojte 22l Ctberage,t!)at is 3rfmart 361 CinsefmlCjO j Sue finger (Bjaffe S3 3 839 Cinnantomercote 648 Cf tl)e Cinnantotnetree,tbe leafeanb' trunfee 1348,1349 ilulfeen Ct.fiep 75* Ctftns $ Ijis fiint S109 2.109 3,1094, 1099.1102 Ctftus H ebon 11 o 2, j c. Citifus feuQ),tbat is mifee 'Srefotlc, oj lb jub 'Crefopie 1122.1123 Citronappletree 1278,1279 Citrnli Cucumbers 767,768 CbennibeCitrull 768 C!ues,o?Cbi«esfc. 140 grange Clarie, tljat iS3I u Pittrsbts Hade 627 Clartc, oj Clearep ibib. UDtlbcCiarie 628 Ciauer 964.1019,1022.102$ Ipojneb ojblacfee Clauer 102 8,1029 Clattergenfle 1019 £!^arlb Clauer 1023 (Barber. Clauer 1023.1026 jtmatleoj fea Clatter 1029,1030. fee ^ebicafobbcr Cleaners ant <B©regrade 964 2i5rting Clematis. 743 Clot bum 663 Cloubeberries 1368 Clouc Ctilofer,anb ijiff feints 472 473 Clufter of grapes 727 Clexemes ^ounbooajt, tba tis^U bcale 851,832 Clomnes ttmgmrojt 13 87 CbeCIouetree 1351.1352 ^eaCoule 690 Cludus^aufeemeebes 236.239 Cocfesfcotegrade 25 Cocfes beats,t!;at is s^eboioo Crefotle 1018 Cocfes beat, that iff reb Jfttcblmg 1064 Cocfele 926,927 CobbebCrefotle 1022.1029 ^>xoeeteCobs 169 ColcW£ojf,anb bis feints 243.249 Coloqatnfiba, oj Coioquint anb tuff fein'os 768.769 ^are.sColeo)©jt 232 ColeSojep 249 Colfesf©tc,attbbiSfeinbs 666 Cone,that tsf^ine apple 1174 Columbine,anb f)iff fetnbs 935,936 Coni^a, that iff ^leabeane gullet 39 1 <Breat Confounb, anb l;tSfetnbs 660 Nibble Confonnb 506.509 ConuaniLillie,anbbtSfembs 3 31,3 3 2 Comfre^jtbatiffConfoanb 306.66 ^potteb Comfrep Cotula anb bis fetnbs CojrallfDjmet Cojfec tree Cojfee ofee Cojianber anb bt3 fet'nbs 66 : 61: 121: 116; Il6: 891 Cojm Cojme S8 Co?ne -$ lagge, oj C o?ne < 251 aDDm anb biSbmDS 9 <). 96 Co?ne grade 4 Cojtneidofe, anbCojne^oppie 299 • 300 Co?ne CiHoflooocr, ojCojne $tnbe V 6 Come 6&allaD 242 Co^neflower 391.591.594 fellow Co?neflo‘tccr,02 golDcnCoin florocr 606 Coined tree anD biSbinDS 1282.1283 Cojnefioa 3 cr 3 ojblero 2 i 5 ottlc 594 CojadanDbtSbtnDS 1381,50. Co?aHfc)co?ts 835 Cojadmc,o j C o?ad mode 1578.1379 Cotton toeebe, 0? CubxoeeDc anD bis butD© 515-519 Cotton grade 27 Cow(Ups,anbI)t3binfe0 635.637 Cowflips of 31 erwfalem ; tl)?.t is &jage ofjerufalem 663 S^ountameCowftips 640 C0S0 3 Bafill,tljat ts veil dialer tan 395 Covoioljeat 84 25 aftarDo;t£nlDcCowS»b? a t 85 C octave gjiumacb 129 2 Coft mane 513 Cottonplant 753 C often tbiftlc^bitc anD purple 988 Couct) graffc 22 Couentricbel© 309363 Couentrierapes tbtD. CoSfa:jl->arfnrp0,anDbiSbtnDS 855 Cope combs,ano l^cns combs, tljat is pedow IKattic 912 Crab grade 429 Crab tree,tl)at (0 tbe nr*titling tree 1 276 Crab0 claw,that t0 frcflj Soatcr ^>oul= tier 6 77 Craxdfb 611 ©lew Crane© bfd 797 Canute Crane© bill 797 798 ^ufttcb Cranes bill 796 Cranes feds anb bis binD© 793.7 91 J©f Smlb Cranes fails Diners fojts 799 Craro,tbat is rape Crow tote 8u CrcdcSanobtskinDS 188.194.195 i 5 >datica Crcde 197 23 anheC redes 198 ©ocbeCrcdc© 199 2 X>ater Credos 199201 PS tiDe So at cr Crcde© ibiD» A Table of the Englifli names. tbatisSrcoDfojrcll 103! Cucumber© anD bis btnDS 762.765 JTtlDc Cucumbers 7 6<s CuDSoeeDjfaCettonSoeeD. 516 j^weetc Cudtons 169 * Culimctopou _ 705 Jlabte© Cuflnon 483 Culragc,tl)at is 3 frfmnrt 3 6 1 Cui! tons anD tbeir btnDs 166.167 Cumber lanDld aSo tb ojne 1146 Cumin anD bis bmDS 907 JOtlDc Cumin » 908.909 Curagc,tbat ts 2 Hrftnnrt 361 Currans oz fntall idatfon© 7 27 Carbeu Ct>p2c©, tbati© Jlauenfacr Cotton 941 Cpp?es,tljat i© ©altngalc 29 Cpp?cstree 1185 Cpp?es grade anb bt© binD© *11.19.20 Cppjes S»o?moiccDe,l©be Soo?mwocDe 940 Cpp?csfpnrgc,lffibe^)p«rge 407 ^FtriDeCppjcs 422 CppiesScwD grade 57 Ic8.r 09 114.116 tbiD. 137 9 1 508.509 509.510 D D 3 f ffobtll anD bt© binD© ©affoDtilp ©afFoDownbidp Kpbite ©affoDid 5 E>aic Jlilltc <25 rent ©aide© il ittic ©aides anD bt© bini>0 5U 2 SlcS» ©aides, tbati© fca ^>tari»a?t 334 ©leS» oz globe ©aides 511.512. ©almaftan flower be JLute 48 ©almattan cap,f bat is Culipa 120 ©anbciionanDfetsbinDs 228.229 ©anewcojtanb bis binD© 1237.1238 ©arnell 71 ©arncl! grade 6 ©ate tree Srntb tbe fruiteanD floSacrs thereof 1333.1334 CbeDjunben ©ate tree 1337 CbeS»tiDeojptne©atetreer33f.i336 ©autus ofCanDie 874 ©eab fettle anDbtS binD© 568 ©calc bccxD tree,oz ;tfirtree ' 1182 ©cm grade 26 ©ogscawle, that is Stnltc 263 ■ . . ©ogsCamomill, tbati© flspaicSa&De 618 ©ogs JLeeUe,tbat isHyacinch'us Fucli- fi ... .97 154^55 349. 990 79S 6 83 ©ogs totij,anD bis bins© ©02tas i;io id ounDcccojt ©oanetbtdle ©oues tote ©?agons © jagons blcoD,tl)ati0 ©Icobwtozt 3 4 7 ©Xagonsblaid,lc)cbe©za3or.tt© 1339 1340 UBttmg©?agon,tbat is Carragon 193 ©tagon tree wub ti>c fruttc 1339 ©jagen iorojts 683 33 ?atcr©jagons ifatD. ©jtauiclte anD ©jade, tbat iSimiDc Otcs ' 69 ©3nnbcnSX'©jtS,tr)at t© 31nDian 'Sas baco 284 ©zunben ©ate tree,l©be 3 S reca 1337 31 ob© ©jcps,tbat is J : obs teare© 82 ©top©©? t anD bis ktttDfi 9 00.90 2 ©uble leafe,tbat is CSsapblaDe 3 2 6 ©ubletang 7 61 ©ueUebilliobeate 60 ©ucK© meate * 690 ©unce Downe, that is Cats tatle 42 ©walc,tbat is jfrigbtfbaDe 270 ©warde grade,reD anD So bite 3 ©wardcCtfrus 1099 .H 02 E ^dcrltn ^iuet, 0? moebe ^tuet 1210 j eglantine, that is fweete Bjiarbuflj 1088 Cgrimonie,tbatts^lgrtmonte 57i CgppttauSoojmwmD 943 Cgpptiantbojne 1149.1150 Cgpptian© babe, that is Suatcr ib cic= bounD 66 5 Cgppttianfiggetree 1327 Cgpptian ^ulbettc tree tbtD, CiDer tree anD bt©UinD© 1233.1234. 1235 ^arrifb ClDer 1236.1237 ©xoarffe ClDer 1238 Clme anD bts ktnD© 1296.1:97 Cilebc?e,fee i^cilcbcje. pointer Ctcdes 188 ©tors ireeoc anD bis binD© 398 elecampane 649 Creftmartne 428 ©iers greening Soeebe 1136 CnDiue anD bi© binD© 221,212.223 Crimfon ceDar 1191 ©iiljtfeat issuer 878 JTilDe CnDtuers ibiD. CrodefleSoer 450 ©iptam,o; ©ittanp of CanDte 651.652 Cnglttb iUpercurte 259 Cr odeS»m;t anD bis biuD© 964.965 ©ittanDcv,anD ©ittanie 188 Crtngu© anD bis binD© 999 CroSo foote anD bi© btnD© 347.679.803 ISaflarD ©ittanie 652.1065 Cr©,tbati© bitter 3 d etc!) 1051 ■)>ello&e CroSofeels, that tspellomc ©iuelsbtt 587 Crtbnuts 905 ^aretdu© 116 ©otbc 31X Ctbiopian pepper 13 ty CroSofopC; tbati© fcnlfeelHofe Cam= tt)ater©ocbe 3 H Ctbioptan Julian 634 pion 385 ©cDDcr anD bis binD© 462 Capbojbtum, that t© gurnme QChiftlc CroSo toes,that is tjpwinthcs 97 98 ©ogs grade anD bis binD© 22.23,24 1014.1016 Crain floSorr© 480.481 ©ogs rib 342 Co?cb oj tbojnic CupI;o?binm 1015 JPater CroSo fcote 6S0 ©ogstcotb&liolct 8 3 f Cxoeot^eoogbtvee 1188 Crooo fotc Cranes bid 796.797 ©og© bane 754 Cpcbjigbt 537 ©publeCrow tote 8n ©ogs Cole 264.755 5 X?bite Double Crooo tote 812 ©ogs SKofe 108S Crow garlicb 142 ©ogs€bo?n« ibtD. r Cucbow pint, 03 Cutfcofo) pintle anD biSbinD© 685 CucboSo gtllodoSuer© 48 r Cucbom £>icbtS 159 Cucboin floSoers, that t© ilaDte© fmotbs 201.203 Cutbowe© meate, 0? CucbcSs fo?reil, ©ogsCbarte© 1113 ©ogs Sl^ercune 264 ©ogstocng,o>^ounD©t®ng 659 ©ogs pide,o? i^ounDS pide tbtD. ©ogs cullton o? done©, anD bi© bmD© 156.157 ©ogberrietree 1283 ►-pl^jee Jfaces in an booD 70? 1 5FairebatreD3a«nt 102.105 JFalfc^etcune, tbati©UHg®D 259 5Fafellcs 1042 ^eaberriebutb 1143 ^Fcatbatop grade 8 ifelwajs JFdrooyt srtb fet's feinbs 3 50.351.3 ft % oilosu leafed Jrslwayt 3 5^3 SBaSatb JFelreayt 354 JFennellanbijiS&tnbS 875.87 7 JFemtell (Slant,tyatiS petals 898.899 JFenbemeS, tljat 13 marsri^ feljcyts 1367 jtiofe JFennell 896.897 Jfennell tm 1347 JFenmc Hones 174 Jfenugreefee ant) IjiS feinbS 1026 JF erne anb Ijis fembS 968.970 JfballJFerne 972 Wain fettle 9 71 ^Detie JFe me 974 SBlacfeeofeeJFcrne 97 ? £Jfee JFerne tbtb. jDfearffe fea JFcrne 9 8 1 JFe'oberfew,oy Jf cuerfefe 527 jFigtv® J 3 ^ 7 -i 3 i3 JDrpatffeJFigtr® 13 '-9 JFfgw®yt,tlja 2 : is final! Celanbtite 580 66$ m JFtgbcane 1043 23 -tc 5 )eb ’ey mJaulteb JFig tm 1331 3»biaHjFig*r©fc;tl; t&efrnit 1349 jkiibtri) tree mr jrtUpenS'ila anb fcinbes, tljat isf 2 >yOp»X»yt 900901 JFirretr® iiSx.uSi ^eflicfe nut tr© 1148 3S>©lfc#JFtlfces 1386 33eb Jrttcijlsng 1064 SBitter Jr it dj 3051 3bil!)eJFittlj,oy<!ftetc£ 1052.1054 JFingerb £>ycl)i0 170. jjjpebow JFiue-finger 83 9 ‘ JFme-ieafeb grade an*) IjtS feint) ff, tljat is Ct4 quefoile 835.836.837.839 Coyne JF lagge 9? 3a?ilbe glasses anbfyisfeinfes 4 5 Careen JFlape 44 ? 3£tlbcj?lape 446.447 ©obcflspcanb JFifipefe©bs fettlj IjiS feinfis 440.441.442.443.444 JFIapenfeljcate c'o JFleabane gullet 391 ^ieawayt anb Sjis fetttbs 47°-47* jFite^Ptlfeefeayt 450 JFliebaneatibljts feinbs, feecatcfe JFlic. JFltpefocebe,anb JF lire wayt 910.9 u JFloycnccflofecrbe-lace 47 JFla£egrafte,oy Jr lotergrade 1 3 JFlofecr gentle, cy Jf lower of louesnb Ijisfetnbs 253.25425? SfPilbe JFioaet gentle, lafee Blitum msius 253 pioneer of Constantinople, cy 0? 5Byt= flow 380 flower of Canbie, cy of jjlerufslsm ibis. Jfloaet Slcluve, tfeat is ^pads-mie- lours 255 (|>n«ne Jr lower 614 3bomsjf lower 3x0 JfiowerSe-!l!Luce,attb !<is feitibs 4?-4 6 '- 47.48.49.50.51.52.67 3!bs!0gslbenJFlsxoer - sn Jgjroncfabmg JFioacr 7 9 1 Jf lowyingiH©be 36 JFIoyearaoy, oy purple feduet Jfiower, tljat is JFlofecr gentle 235 JFemalc JFIaellin 504.501 JFluellcsi anb bis fetnbs 502. 503 .504 2 Denttgobs fabe, tfeatiS Ambrofia 9 50. 95i.l©fee C*fee of ^arabtfo Jfrattirall JFobe,tbat is Ambrofia drib. JFc!ef®te,t!jaf is Codes fait 667.689 A Tabic of the Englifh names, &e& JFoIefoote 690 Jr ©lesion es 159 JFoyebit 587 jr oyget me not, tljat iff gr cunb f-nne 412 JFower ieafeb grade 1027 JFopegleaes, ant) Jrtnger flower, anb jjjs feinbs 646.647 Jr ope S ones 161 Jf ope talie, anb fys fetnbs 81 Jr ope fade grade 8.9.10 JFoyttbic plant, tofeeBupleururo 483 JFrambotcs,d)af is iflafpis 1091.1099 jFrancfe,tJjat iff |?>pnme,lafee $pilfie= fecoyt 450 JFranfeincenfs iKofemarte 8 5 8 JFvanfeincenfettee 1247 Jr reefdant) £>ycl)is 169 Jfrefl) ioater folbter, tfeat iff feater ^sengreene 677 JFrene!) Slpercurie 261,262 JFrcncs) ^age,oy5x©ble Mullein 625 Jfvettri) j^tarxrwyt 392 Jr rend; iSipai-igGlos anb l)is feinbs 609. 6io.6f 1 JF rend) Sip all owes 78 5.786 JFrencl)3leefees,oybtnca®fees 14° jFrcneb Jiungtowyt 663 JFr snip Slauanbet 470 Jfrenc!) 35?oym5»»b 94° JFrencg IB canes 1042 Jr tench $5 eats 1047 Jrrencfe UD5;catc 83 JFrcnd)€>fee n6i JFrtarS’ptfre, tljat is StrineSsayt 920 JFriarScouie, oy ^rtarg Ijwtie 686 JrriatscroSone 990 JFroggebtt 671 JFrogge grade 419 2i5iffibJFroggrade, lofeeTragon. 960 EHuers ftrange jlnbtan Jrniiis 1361. 13 64.1365 JF tillers Cea fell 1006 Jrumitoyis ant) Ijisfetnbs 927.9^8.9 29 930 25ulbtiS JFttmttoyie 930 Jrurrowet) grade 23 Jfur? anb JFur^en HBufijcs 1138.1240 Jrudebals 1386 G allant, t^at iff Anemone, fininb= fio'wer 301 Cngltfij oy ^rnanifb ®altngale 28 <©al;ngale, t^at iff Cgper as anb feis fetnbs 29 (^atlcfegrafTe, tfeatisi^empe 372 (Sail tree, anb (Sail ofee feitij’jis feinbS 1164 .u 6 f.n 66 . 1 x 67 (SangSoSeer 450 dJattmcrs Seltgljt, cy dgarbnets etc 381 dJarbyobe mo dSarlicfee anb IJS fetr.bs 140 X41 (Earltcfeefage 535.536' (Variant) Cljoyne, f© CljytfrS tljeyne. d^arlicfee Creadewwyt, oydJarltcfee S5pultarb,anb ijts fetnbs 21 o ^>tags oy i^arts dBarlicfee 142 dUarltcfie dSermanber, tefec Srordium. Cjantfep tticlets, tljat is ftesefe dJillos Sobers 373 (latest, oy (Sater tree 1283 (Sauls oyf&©te^tlloS» 1228 dSelbet) j§)3tpytou 173 CslbyeSKofe 1237 dSenttan, oy JFelwcoyt anbijis femtieS 352-353 dSer man tier anb 5) is feinbs 529 <5reatoytr© d^ermantier 532.533.534 fluaterdfiermaniier, oy gatUcfee"(0er» manner >34.53? <S5edemtne 747 (Siilcmps b? tf;c grounti 705 dSiUcdowers anb Sjts femes 371.372 ^ea ftoefee dSilioflcxoers 374.37? Winter oy rogues #iliofioxoers 377 Jester dfitllofiofecrs 679 fiDtlbe dgtllo dowers 473 fllparu) <©tIlofioS»erS 4 8r JPall dDtilofloSsers, oy {?eiIo£» iloefee d5tlloflo5oer 371 £lu©nes Oiiloftoroerstljat i& SbamesUllt Diets 376 2!5ttlbcb ftoefee dSUlcflowcrS 120.i2r ftoefee ®tllofio5ocrs 372373 Cinger ^ Cinniefeen flower 124 C&tbjtijattsjftxgcHa 924.925 ^tinfeing dglabtnn 53 Heater dUIabioie 27 d5laffeio©yt 429 <®lobe CroSsfote 810 (Slobetfeiftle ’ 990 dolobe IDatSe 512 Cobs flower * 521 CwbmgfetatmnebefoycncDne 791 Colbeflo&er 520.522 Ccloen^potljfewyt, oy CoIbcnCub= fe©b 520 Colben defect of |Dert; 614 Colbentfeittle 993-99? C olben tljtiSlc cf^srti 993.99? Colbentrcfoilc 1032 Colbof{)lcature 213.214 CcIbilocfes,oy Colbenutofle 1374 Coiben opeeie,i®feeBuphtha!mum anb fits fetnbs 607 Colben fiofeer gentle,anb Colbilocfes 520.521 Colbenferoyt of Sanguebocfe, iwfee HctbaDorca 350 Colben faptfrage 693 Cdben rob anb IJs feinbs 348.349 Colbenapplcs 3 f©apples of loue 275 Colbe cups, anb Colbe fenops anb fits fetnbs 804.805 31 tars Colbfecoyt 603 "Degenerate Jrrencl; Colbs, oy Angle Jfrend) ^artgolbs, JcoUc Flos Afri¬ cans 6i| dp©fetr©,tfeat fsHBarnaele tr© 1391 ^y^nt C©fe,oy tr» C©fe fotb. Coyfle anb lj iff feinbs, tljat iff JFurje 1138.1140 Cco£eberne,oy Ccofebcrrte buflj 11/3 dgffife grade,that is Cleaners 963.964 Ctofefate, tljat iff fetlb 3radj 253 259 Ccofgneft 176 Cafefljare, tljat iff Cafe grade 964 Co to beb at nanc 594-596 Cotes bearb,tl)at iff 55peabfw©tc tbib. (Botes tSDyigau, cy Cotes £$argcrom 543 (BoteSltalt,lafeeTrngon 959 (Botes tl)oyne,anbijtSfeinbSi 147.1148 (BctcsJHuc 1068 (Botes dottcS 159.160.161 (Bcutb anb Ids feinbs 776,777.778 33ptlbe (Bourb 779 (Scutfeayt,tljai isfeetbe (Bevarb 849 (Brace of (Bob, oy ^i.^oljnstBrad?, lafee^.Joijpsfeayt 433 Gratia Dei 467.796.797 a t> Crape of tJje fea anb IjtS feinDtf, lake Kali 49 z Crapes 7*8 ja)ea Crape, tijat is l&atfons of tl?c fca 958.959.950 Crapefciajt, tijat is j&atnt Cijjiftos pljersijcrbe 819.971 Crape flower 104.105. jKf ufbeb Crape floboer ibiD. ffarnafius Craffe anb l)i# liinbs 591 CralTcanballljtslimbs 1.2.3 4.5.6.50. Crames of ^arabifc 1358 flointerCreene 330 Craning ioabc anb 1710 Uir.bcs 1133 1136 CromtU anb Ijts Uinbs 485.487 Cromillreebe 82 XDtlbe CromilMcofec Anchufa 5 57 Crounbe i^altgot, tijat 10 taut cals trop0 1066 Crounbfttr?e 1141.1141 j-bea Cromtb $Mne 410 CrounbfMne 411 £>tmbing Crounb $Mr.c 497 Cummet^iftle, ttyat is Euphorbium 1014.1015 Cutinajt 408 Croxonbftoeli anb Ijts bulbs 117.218. , 21 9 H H 3tirie grade 16 Ifatrie S»teb grade ibtb.17 ifarbbcame 1195 ifaresfcris 99 if arcs baHock,tijat is fojee Senes 164 if arcs fate Crcfotle 1023.1024 ifareSiLettuce,la»e Sonchuslatuis 229 ^arcs care 485 ifsrcsbearb 63 ifavcsftoncs 173 Cab femg ifsrrtc, tijat is Cr.gltCj &fercurte 259 If arts cafe 173 Ifartaajt of f-JelopcnncfuS 891893 I!? art i»ajts of Canbie 10:5.894 ibtonc If arts tang 977 if artfeajt of Ctljtopia, cj fpjub Jjes feli 1233 ifartstrefoile 1021 IfartsClauce 1035 ifartstljojnc 1153 ifart3 fjojne, anb 'iBuckeS Ijojne anb IjiSbinbS 346.347 If arts tang anb Ijts ktnbs 976.977 If art vcote anb Ijts buibS 8 5 8 Ifartroajt 698 ifafell, tijat is jjrtlberb, oj Muttra 1250.1251 Ifafell $»ajt 689 ifaffefcajtanb f;ts ktnbs 354 If atcljet Etcl) 1055.1055.1057 father, fee If eat!) If aufccSoabe anb l)is kind# X 23 2.23 7 Ifaattjojnctra j 145.1147 ifealebog • 380 ifraronsbiil . : r.6 795 Ifeati) of 3iembo,oj If eatl; IScfc noo, ■ 1201 . ,1. If auer tijat iSvtcS 58 if auer cases tbib. if auer grade 67.58 Ifap 2 If eatfj anb-bis fembs 1196.n97.noo Ifcbgeljogget^ifiie 1013,10x4 A Table of the Englifh names. If cbgeljogcre grade i5 if ebgeijogge liquorice 1119 ifebgebels 714 ifetgeljpdope 465467 ifclleboje anb Ijts ktnbs 275.258.259 2D;ofco jibes Ijts blacke i^eilebojte 828 2U3lacke if ellcbojc 824826 UfaftarbblackeifeHebcje tbtb. 3X>ljitc Ifellebcje, tljat 10 jriafe&ajt 3*7 If elmet flower 823 '^ciloSoifelmetfloSncr 820 ifemlocbe anb bis ktnbs 903.904905 ifcmpeanbijisHtnbs 571.573 Ifempetra 1202 EPtlbeoj nettle if empe 573 2Pater Ifcmpe 574 ifcnbaneanbljisfcinbs 282.283 ifenbaneof^eru 285 O?cllofc) If enbane 2S4 ifenne 7 ifcnblt • 493 if cnS bill,lake Onobrychis io5i Ifen0 foote, tijat is ijcbge ^rumitojic 868 ifens combe, lake Cojee combe 912 Cab if enne, tijat isCrtgltfl; £$crcus rtc 259 if ep tree 1088 iferbe'Cerribie 4 c8 if erbe Ferula 899 If erbe Carpenter jo 5.508 iferbe EPiIItam 882 ifcrbeCerarb,tbatt0Coutxoa?f 848 849 iferbe £>aris 329 Iferbe Cracc, tijat is Buc anb ijts limbs 1070.1071.1072 Iferbe 115ennet 841.843 904 Iferbe Ctinitie 1032 iferbe 31 uie, tijat is 315ucUes tjojne ^lantaine 347 iferbe Bobert 794 iferbe txoo pence 504.505 iferbeSHloes 4 10 iferbe 3Iuiccjgrounba2)tne 421.422 iferbe nDtlloSx) 388 j^immmtngiferbe, tijat is 2Duckcs tncate 690 if erbe jtfrankincenfe 879 if olie iferbe 5 s x iferculc0lji053jounb&a?t 850.851 ifiataper 630 Ifermobactplus 94 ifinbbcrvie anbljtsfctnbs 1089. 1091 Ifipaajt 424 'Curkteiftrfe 77 if tfope anb lji0 kinbs 464 465 ifockcS 782 if ogs fccanes, tijat is blexo 2D sides 512 ifog0fennell 897 If olntc, if ollie anb if uluer fcitij Ijis binb0 1155.1155 ifolme oj if elite €>Ue 1159.1151 Ifolltljecfee anb tjt3 UtnbS 78 2.783.784 if ollie tljtftle,la{iebldreb Cljtftle ifoltefeebc 942 ifcllie iaofeanbljl0ltmb£0 1092.5c, 1099 &>ealf olltc,fcaif o!mc,fca if uluer 999 1000 35aftarbfcaifollte0 1001.1002.1003 if olwajtjSjif ollofo rate 9 i)i& kinos 930.934 ifomlocfeS,tijatiCijerbe 115ennet 903. 9°4 if OtnlOC&0}t^att0 Filipendula 902 HDtlbeojioatcrifofnlocliS 904,905 ^ttnbtng if omlocUe 904 ^)tnaU ifoneftte, tijat 10 nebs 478 if or.ie co:t,! od i;e c c r i a j iic 431 ifontfuebieanbIjtebijtbs743 744 nu 1113 ' ifoppe0anblji0!;mb0 737.738 ifabbeb fe/tllovyljerbe 285 ifabeljeale 508 if ojxijounb anbljisfeinbs 551.552 IDtibeifojdjounb 563.564 t©atcr o?marriff if cjcljounb 555 ISlacbe c} lltnlung if r^tdjounb 5 56 if ojnebcame oj Ijarbbcame tree 1295 1295 Ifojmcb fca popple 295 if o?ertrong,e? if ojedtange 896.897 ifojtfetmng 761 ifojfe florccr,fce Melannpyrum 214 ifo?fcljeelc,tijat:0 elecampane 549 ifojfebafc 557 ifcjfcfbac 1055.1057 ifcjfetaile, tijat is i5'^~uegrade anb i)is hinds, 955956.957958 if o?fc mint 555 t®ater ifoufleeUe <j 77 Creatifouflcdie 411.412 £>eaifcu(lcebc, cj^pgreene anb ijts limbs 410 if punb0 tang,o^ if ounbs pttTc 659 if onnb berric tra 128 3 if nnb’eb ijeabeb tljidlc, lake Cljams ptonfea if ollie ioco ifurtdcUle,tijat is bk5n 215ott!e 594 ifvacmtijcsdakejianntijes 97 If iiffope,fce if tfope. I I ncite offcljebuttcrie 415 jflackcbp t!je bebge,tijat is Curners Carlicfeeiuaxt 5 50 3iacintlj anbijisbtnbs, 99.100 .f c. ^jatnt 31amc0 jra?t,tljati0 iSagwajt 218.219 3afmtne,3!cftntne,c2Ccffe 745.747 3efees tljojme, tijat is Cljjtfts tljcjne 1154 3mperiall 5ltllie } C3Jcrorone imperial! _ i? 3- i 54 3ncenfe rate, lake jfrranktnccnfc Bofcmartc 858 3nbian ^jpi&enarb 921 31nbtan Beeb,tijat is floating Bab 35 3 nb tan oiip 3 notan g)ume flo&er 5i 4 JlnbianjjFiggetrce 1329,1330 3nbtan@abaco 285 31 nbtan HDtemeaie 78 3nbtant5?ljMtc 77. 3nbtan fillet tbro. 3!nbtan Mirabel ines, oj 3«Wan plums 1315.1316.1317 3nbtan£^c?ricebel0 1361 3 nbtan ipraf trees 13371338 3nbiau CiefTrs 195196 3i nbtan ^annteke 78 3! nbtan 2li?cancs 1360 31 nbtan poplar 130a 31nbian Mourner,tijat is ^cjroafuU tree 1 4 4 2.1 3.43 3 nbtan ^roallofccojt,tijat is ttPifancU 752 v 3nb:an Icafe tijat is Tamalapatra 1350 ^xoeef e 3 oijns anb Ijts ktnbs 478.479 Square ^atnt^oljnstoajt 432 5>aint J oljns Soajtanbfjtskmbs 433 5>aint g&mtj o!jn0b$ea7> 1240.1241 3 obs tearcs,0£ 3] obs Drops 82 3 one diner pin, tbat iff Double 3$oppp 298 3jofepbSdoS»er, tljat iff C 0 to fecb at ncone 596 3reo0, tljat iff tbercote of tije Solute ;JFlo&>evbeluce 93 3]fopc,tbatiSl£pfope 463.46$ 3feiocob,tbat iff Atonic Sotos mat) clones 1390 3taltan JFitcb 1068 JtaltanSocoboflife, common!? calleb LignumviCE 1039 3!taiianCebartree 1187 Jtalianfeadntons 137 31talian dtemeale, looke Ranicum 79 3 taltan Calamint 5 5 6 Italian lRocket,lcokc Rhefeda f 2 x 6 3 !talian^S>jiuet 1208 3uccaoj)>ncs x 3 59 3Iubastree 1240 3 me anb 5jiS kinbs 707,70 8 Crounbjuie 705 ^unipctanbbis kinbs 1188,1189 Jutufeetm 1318 Jlunostearcs 581 3!upiteisetc,or3i«pitcrSbearb ,-412 3lupitersDifI:affe 627 3iurap,tbat is IDatneli 71 19? 926 I So 580 904 1038 o 104 K G xUrbenltarfe j£>.'&ati?cnnesf ftosxw Hxcblbcke HrerneilttiCDrt liieite HUbtteptare,!ookePhafcIus Hubncp beanes anb bis ktnbs 1039,1042 Hubnep beane of 25 ?aGIe 1041 Iktbnep beane of Cgppt anb America 1040 IDiucrs forts of&tbne? beancg 1041 3 kibnep«ftetcb 1060 Htikanb Ikikaijon, lockcPalmaChrifti 400 Iktnblp Sjauine, tbat iff berries &a= ume 1193 Ifetngsfpcate 88 3 &ingcob,tbat iff CroSofeote 80 $ Httppernutg 905,906 ititekries 1289 j|>tiuer IknapwietDe, looke Jsiluer. IkneebulKer 760 'jfenap'ioeebanSljtgbmDg $88,590. 704 ItuaxocU, anb fSarfelep piert, tbat iff fmall ibaptfrage 4 $4 Httieeljolme 750,760 Htneeeb grade Iknigbtsfpur Htnigljtsmiifotle Itntgbts Soatcr l^engrcene Colo l!xnops,tbat is Cvoiofcote Htnot grade ^unbr? fojts of iinot grades HtuottteCoucbgrade x 349. T Bccaattbljis rotten tree Lj 1350 £>ur Hatriegibroe, lake out Habits flipper A Table of the Englifli names. £>ur II abies ijaire 983 Habiescombe 884 H abies gloues 391 Hsbies glade,fee fl&enns looking glade, liabies bower 740.743 Our liabies tbiftle 989 liabies laces 2$ H abies fmockg 203 II abies feale, tbat iff 5»t!be HBjtome 722 II abies mantle, tijat iff great panicle 802 II ambes lettuce 242 Haneafbtre Z' fpbobtU 89 llanb Caltrops 1066 HanUouers $f)aiebufi), tbat iff Suljite Cljojne 1147 Haugbebeefe, orS»ilbel5nglcde 6$$ Hamjclcapctgfpurge, Icckc Efula major o? d uackfaluers % ur bitlj 404.40 $ Hacketree,orf5ifmirejtree 1349 Harkes tocs.or HarkcS fpnr 924 Harkes fpur,anb llarlis beele or Harks claw 912.923,924 Harkes fput oj Harkes iieelcfeeolfes bane 822.823 Hard) 0? 31 atit tree 1182.1184 Hafcrs»o>?t 853,854 H auenber cotton 9(1.952 ILauenberlpike 467,468 ^>ea Hauenser 332.333 H aba nee for aiaSjleokeCatstapie 42 Haurell of 2iiej:anb?ia 761 21 autell oj 3Baic tree 1223 31 aurell,cr (purge 31 aurell 1219 Heekeaub bis ktnbs 138,139.140 t^olloro ileekes 13 $ Heab'ixaaxt 1069 11, caifter ^umacl) 1292 Hentillana tys ktnbs 1049,1050 Hentifk 031 ^alhcke tree 1244 Hcoparbs bane,fee Se mite 619.620 21 cplap, an jflnbian beane of tbat name 1041 Hettuce anb l;iS ktnbs 228,229.240. 241 lliblong 417 llici)&?3le 487 Lignum vitje 1309 iliilie conuall,tijat iff £®a .ie Mlieff 332 333 IRcb or purple 31 tllies 149 threat anb (mail mountainc Htllie 1 $ 1 tibatcr Htllte 672.674 iScb Htllie of Conttantinoplc 151 ^erdan ttliie j 52 Htllie Heeke,^ at iff 3!polp 14$ 5t‘5)iteHtllie, anb alfoionite Htllie of Conftantinople ■ 147 ILimontr® 1278.1280 HimeisJCOrtjfee Vifcaria 482 iinben tree anb i;ts ktnbs 1298,1299 Hinge, fee i^eatl) 1200 14 Hmgxoecxt 3 57 924 tionsfnap 493 687 HionS footc, Icofee Lcontopodion $ 18 687 Hions leafe, fee Htons Curnep 182 80$ Htonsfcote 802. orHionSparo ibib. 4$ 2 Hiquerice, or Hicortfe anb tyff kinbes tbib. 1119.1120 2 2 Hirtcottfancte, tijat iff ^ate Htlltes 91 Hmetniblenes 703 lime long, tijat iff ^pantfl) Orpine 417 IlmencocortanbbiSktnbs 1375.1376 ifi oblc fe'jste Htuerwcoit 692 tDcob 3Uuer^o»?t 2 378 1032 810 480 1308,1309 85 s 891 398 il^oble Hiuetaocort,tijat is golben €res feile Hockron dSoulons Hcr.bcn tufts Hotetree Houage 115aftarb Houage Houfeberbe H oufe tocort,tijat iff &>tauefakcr 399, 913 Hotifepofober 399 HcDfeftrife,tijat iff Lylimachia 3 8$,3 8 8 H oxorie tijat iff Haurieil 1219 HoroGe grade 827 Hungroeort 630.663.1378 ^>ea Hung5»eojt 1377 ® res Hungfocort ibtb. Hur.gfloltoet 3$$ Huptnes anbbtS ktnbes 1042,1043 HudSoeort, that is jajimbeaft? 1366 H?Gmacbia,tbatiSH£ofe drife 3 85.fc, M M 3Sb'apples 274 ^abberanbbiS kinbs 960.961, 962 ^abnepe 856 <®alens fi$aDtt>©rt 380 i^agpbare 85:4 ^atbenbatre anb bis ktnbs 968,981, 983 Common ^atbenbatre 98$ (Sarbents^alioSoanb l)iff ktnbs 782. 784 <®bei»tlbe gallon) 785.786 Hfteruetne ^alloio, cr cut S^allowe 786 ^ardjSlpalloS) 787,789 ■)>cll£iro6i9alloto 790 tfiJemec£jj)alIofe> 791,792 £lBanbrake anb Ij iff kinbS 281 ^anna grade 26 £&jpk anb bis kinbS 1299.13 00 ^argarttesljcrbe 512 fl^ahsrome anb bis ktnbs 538.539 WDilbcorbaftarb anbgroue^arisrom (40.541 Coates Qparicrome 543 ^Ipateiajeebe 617.618 t^aiorane 539 s^abebate 1128 50ariets 36$ j^atigolbanbbtsktnbs 599.600.603 Colben^artgolb 605 Corne ^partgois 606 ^arigolbof^etu 612.613 i^ard) g5)arigoIbS 670.671 ^artagons,fee Htlltes 15 x. 15 2 ^srttellous apples 291 ^arueli of fkru, 0? ratber of tbe ioorlbe 272.273 Rafter tempts, tijat ts fade fbellttorte of Apatite 848,849 HBlacke ^aftertoccrt 828 Sl^afticke 1244 £B?afticke tree, tbat is Hentifke tree I 244 l^erbe^afttckc 544.545 ISaftarbe ^afticke, tijat iff Coates Smarter ome 543 £0aft tree, tbat iff fine tree 1182. 1183 ^afcbfcabe > ^ at & CotttijftWDbe 1385 ^atfellon 588.5 90.704 ^atioeebe,anb bv$ kinbs 37.38.39 £^aubeiint ?io I 292 724 1064 2029.1030 -886 856 J30 1017 r 1.2 1165.1266 I0I 4 3111- ri: alo: 2 J 9 263 58.1 *S 9 363 1216 1310 SUSJaubebne ana big bintK» $08,509. $24 f - ^tinbingf^aptbstb 3 * ig£$zie fecea 618 t D &f?aptbcg mte jasumaelj / . ffled)ota,oi £0cd)oacan l&JJcBtcbe JjfiKl) ■flipclncticfoDDcs ^eaafooejte 21 J)eaofe parfnep )< 5 ) 9 eao«> faffron . / i:; .£©cB£rvq trefoils. : £ 0 eaofe grafTe j^eaiar ant) biff binas £0zltm ’ iSBelilotc ana i>is binas : ■ 103 3,193 y, felons ana bis binas 77*77 3-? 7 5 £$CV cutte ana big btnag 2 X>iiac£lpcvcime Mercuries tnoiftb!col> Cngiilb ^crame femmes biolctS JDutc!) ^e?crcon 3 Baftava S^eum-wccti : $S)c‘w oj £ifi>con, tljatpi&allmieneE 89 ^ jS^ilfoilc ana big binag -6 9 J 47 1 J JTatcr ^ilfoile 67 9 £$tlbe trefoile, 0$(b;ub tyefotle nn 1123. a^ilbe 3 Uetcb 1058.1059 SUjhlkefecojtcanB biff binas ^48.47. llBlacbeiQpilkefeoojt ana white $9tik= t»00?t IO62 fillet 74 fillet gvaiTe s j 39 iit 5 oaft,f® ^plceneSxJoDjt' 978979 £§mt anb biff binas 4 4 2.453 23 ?ater fl\ptnt,flfb 0? bjoobe $$int 4 4 4 3 $onntatnc SSJint 44 s jZSjjirttU ana i)is binag 1126.1227 j 3 ^irobaianc,ana big hints 1314.1316 *&J)t(Teltoe,oi& 9 tftIetJe . 1168.1169 ^itbjtaatc muftarb 204 ^itbiiaatG JEmlfcgbane Sr^.Sio Cbe QJHtbjtaate againfl tljc poifos nousCbiftle 1014 £lpolp 0? &>o;ccverg garlicbc 143.144- 144 SIJollp Clufij &L'OfccIij,fCEll 5 almctrsc 1246 ^onep&cojt 404 ^conEDoepjt ana btg bintg 319.578. 379380 ^ojuccbelg of3lnbta 1361 iljjcojegra (Te 33 66 #@ojrell, cj pctie ^o?.vcii that ig jfrigbtfbaae 268 £If)ofife0 ana bis binas 1369,1370 fr. ^oifcfernc 974 974 jg>ea Slpcfife that iff Coralline 1378 iipotberfecoit 2 48 ^otber of (Eimc 447 Slijoufeareanbbiff binas 412.513.414 -SUPoufetatle 414-346 jJ^ugfecojt ana biff binas 944 946 $j)ugcoct>t:bat iff JSJajajoofc 964.966 ^etic^ngfeet 9^8 ^iiifcmic tree ana biff binas . 1324 13^ ^ultocruefiggetree 1327 jS^ulleine anabtgbmag 629.630 JPcoaie apulletnc, that ig jrteneb fage 624 2®afe ^ullefnc 631.632 ^otb^uileine 633654 A Table of theEngliflrriames. KDmliie 03 Ethiopian £@tiUeme tbta. fbctte^uUetneg 637.638 S^unheg beebe ana ijts binag. 9*4 37ei|o fe S^imbeg b<»ae m> ^unbes IHubarbe " 314 .<H 5 reat SJ^unbeg boob 8 23 Jfloima Jeaftb^MttbJfsbuib 818 Strike ISofc ■ v . 1084.1086 S^uftar D ana big binag -1897190 C^urtes ana 115 pfeperg 2 $ ufiarD mix Htteobie 25 j)uftart&;Ia y' r*i3 Coioergii^naas'o 211 flipumme graife, kobe Scropbularia n.9 « a £^uc!;st»a .863 ^uib junig anb big binag 1384.138® 4 &- 1 -K ^?ufl)?umg P tbat tg Caucbcotoae i) 5 6 be belong 770771 •N- tifincDit 2 l.aai.cff ii^auell i^Jauet ilgcr.tle itlaucfe ana biff bir.ag tfdAWci CSia^c&ajre 4 ^cb$»eea,tbat tg l^cmpe ^eefmgpotoaeip 400 423 424 ,181 180181 430 573 77-357 ^rDcnupbar jtbnt iff 5 »atct ii iliic 674 ana biff bsnaff> fee Catmint 555 V : Si* jj^eeung vcote oj /."cefckscojt ana biff btnag $8: 3s6.357-348.359 iiafttleanal)iffbinDg 56.8.569.570.57 j jjticttic tree .1309 30 eaaojbltna jftettle 568 J5euct bptng 115 ojage 653 j|^icotian,tbat iff Sabaco • 284 il^igeiiaanabigbvnag 924.9zy.926 ^fttiaeotmiaciBigcHa 927 /•iigljtnjaae ana biff btnag 267.268 iSsieeptag 03,acaaip &tgbtfljaae 270 IS ea al^tibabe 2 71 aiginacoeeac, 0; 3!ncba«ntcrg j^igbt= ibaac 280 - , 3 Lrec j 45 igbtfbaae 289 i^o?mana:c 5 nbcatc 60 J^ofcbieeae, that iff ^arroin 9:3 914 - ,9 r 6 i^one-fvcbjtobefioixierConftaKtinos pie 380 jj>conettac,cj gotobebat iiicone 596 jfi’ntff ana biff bmaeff 1248. 1249. 1 2(fO.I 241.1252.1253 i^utmegtree 1353.13 54 jlnaianij^ut 1338 Jbpamfbiftat 93 tElomiting ana purging ^utff 13 62 X£>atetjputff o 676 O O Cuius Chrifti, tbatiff xailbeClarte 628 i©tftctloit,tbatiff ^nabefecea 323 fpibcrgreene, that iff fea Slunguicmt 1377 ^)beanabiff binas 1156,1157 £)fecfet:ne • 974 £)beof TJcntfalctn 950.951 £)be of Cappaaoaa, o$fl)fce of paras atcc i j:.n 95 r ^scarlet £>bc 3 cj fcarlet l>!me£Db: 1159 £>iliepulfe callea Sofamura 1054.1055 barren fcarlet £>Uc, oj i;oimc iDbe »i6oii6r . t dureatbolmetDbc 1162.1163 Cojise-.#bc .'.-.v.- ibit>. €) leanacf,tbat is iSofc bate 1220 £)lt« ctrce nnaijtg binag 1206.1207 Jj&taiqfpitrge . crt. ltl ^ 5®ne beme.rbat is bttbg^arfff 3 29 £)ne tlaac, that ts one leafj; 330 iOmcitt ana bus binas 433-134. t'35.137 ■jflDnion sj buibea SbfpbcfijiU' 89 C>pcn is sapealarg j 1 6y j©pk,tbatig i^amd)dorr 1237 2©|acb, t!>at ig 7 itaz‘cj ana biff binbeg 236.257 - ^tiubiiig £>^acb • 258 It’tiae £D?acS; 259 £>icban«,tbat is ^lbanct 0V7 fi>?cljisanabisrlimag (C^59.160 ^Djengetree :: ,• 10*179,1;80 iEteganie, tJ;at iff Satl&e Sl^arieiome 142 < 5 oateff slDjgantc 543 ^>?obancb, tljat ig l^^ntncrape 1133 iPivCvigjti^u 10 Lutcr ©ctel) 1051 iDjptincanabis bmag a 16.417.418 j£>? vice, t I>at ig -$ Jt^jcraebicc 4 7 £?ftev,tbat is final! -ITttbtc 1205 ^Dfmuna t*;e Snatcrtnffh, ttjat- is fea tee ifrctne 970971 ■^naian UDictncale 78.79 C*teg anabiff bmag 686970 iJDtetbiftle 988 £DutianffiQ)lSofe 784 £))ce cie ana btff btnag 60 6 607 flDpetamgtbatis feiiac 25 uglolfe 655 threat sDpebeelc 826 £>jcclipg 637 P ^aclton 802 4?.aaaaclie ficolcs 1586 gateleg 0? C cur flips ana 5 ;tg binbeff 636,63 8 . 32 >aintea graCTe 25 ^aime tree, fee iDate tree. Palma Chrifti 399 78 So 15 703 705 5 43 4 21 6y 645 860.86’ ^ana^o? 5 ^onnafeoojt artS'biffliinOlff 850831 f2>anicfc ana biff binag ^amebe graffc ^mall panicbe graffe ^anSeff,ojbartg cafe tjSapcr LSeebe ^Sarbeteaueg ^ tme mans partnacctic ^baliefeiDjfg Ratling 0 arneU iSarllcp ana btff btnag ikavllcppiert,tbattgIbnafecll 443.444 3 Patcr |barflcp ana big btnan 86 3 ! 5 allara ^atdep 07, rets ^arfley 8 1 r iJ£b®?OttSb bo?ea| 5 arflep, 07 Can? ? ^Itfanaerg 809 ^ountainc ^arfiep 8 6; gztonc ^batllep 864.865 IPtiae^Sayliep 86) dSatacn anb coiiac^arfncp 870.871 Cofe ^arfnep 855.856 f^aiTefiaroer,oj^niretJdo«r 254 255 ibaflbtongjtbattfj ^nabefeceb 52^ fSiafque Homer He flower 509 I2»afrcll,tbat is Troabc 3 9 ' 4 ibatt cnce t!;at is ?D oebe 313-314 i2»aulcg ^Betonie 5 02.504 ; 5 F£fff t |i«cacb glifti names, pioxomatrs ^ptkettato 647.648 plums anb IjisSindS 1311, 1132. A Table of the En peaclj tree ant) ijtja Sinis 12 57.12 5 8 1259 peactjfacojte, tliat is beab$rfmart 361 pearemeanbtuskirifctf 1267.1268 1269 352 tlbepearetr© 1270.1271,1272 peafonanbljisSmbs 1044. 1047 iongpeafon 1042 Cueriafttng peafon 1054 peafeeartljnut 1057,1058 pearles of j^paine 105 pearle plant, tljat ts (BromtH 487 pellamountatnc 457.528 pcHitojte of <§>patne 618 jffalfepeilitojucof gjpatne 849 pelhtcjieoftljeSoall 261 pente grade 912 pente mountaine,bjSBtlbe 'Cime 528 pente ropallantibisSinbS 545. 546 pemeixxxnt, oj wall pente S»co?t 424 3 £aterpennieft>a#t ibid, i-bea p en’ie Snoojt 425 ilfljeepesfetilingpemegradc 424 penierot tbib, peonie^nbljitfktnbs 829.831 peplar 1303 pepon anb Ijts Stubs 7 71 pepper plant ant) l)tS Stubs 1354. 13^.130’ pepperwocjftijat i 0 TDittariaer 18 8 iVater pepper,tijat is 360 361 £?all pepper, anb coimfrep pepper 415 Baflarb pepper called IBctle 0? Bet re *3 57 €>innieo£ 3 lnbtanpeppct 293 pefcobtr©, IcoSeAnagyris 1239 peftilent recocts, tijat ts Snater 25 ttrre 3 DocSe 668 pevuinSlc anb Ijts lunbs 747.748 llSitmgoj purging peruinfele 743 <a> .peters cojmc 67. 6 8 £>. peters SocojtS 434 pette cotton 519 pette VEJjtnne, tljat is fmall Cljojne 20jcome 1141.1142 petigr©, tljat is SiSutcljcrs Bjiome 760 pewter wce;tt 958 pljarao bus figge tree 1327 pirSpurfe 215 pigeons grade,0?Columbine 581 pigeons fcote 793 piib Cojne,tljat is 5 xnlbe sDteS 69 ptle 5 »©?.t, tljat is fmalCelanbine 669 pitttpinrll anb tjts Stubs 484. 485 Abater pimpmeil 495-497 pincSeSanb 1 )is Stubs 473,474.475 476.478 ptneke n©blc,tljat is tuuffeeb jgjtoiks bill 795.796 iptne tree anb l)is Stubs 1173.1178 flbljttc anb blew pipe 1214 pidca 02ptdein beb 229.622 Pitch tree 1172.1373 pitch 01 (linking trefoils 1019 plaifter Clauer 1033.1035 plan tame anb Ins S: nbs 338.339. 340 'PPatet plantaine anb bis Stubs 3 3 7 338 jfeea plantaine 341.342 £)eabucSl)ojne plantaine 344-345 JOilbefeaplantaine 346 plane tree 1304 1 DS»arfle plane tree 1237 1313. pocSewcob 1309 poets i&ofemarie a 11 o polewbe 34 poll 13 iuet,oj pollarb 5 »l)eate 59 polep' anb Ijts Stnbs,lcoke 5 autlt» Ctme 528.529 poippobteoftbeSDall 2 pi P-clppcbieoftljeo&e 973 pomanberp?iuet, ojbattarbe pjinet .1212 ' r. ;y . ; pornecitrontree 1280 pomegranate tree 1262 pompion "i' : 775 flbilbe pompiong. 776 ponbxoeebeanbljiSSmbs 675 3 anigbtSponbSDui?t 677 pto?e mans Creacle 141 poplar anb IjiS Stnbcs 1300.1303 XPtilepoppte 299 ^eaoj^otnebpoppte 295 UBaftavb S»tlbe poppie 1 3 00.301 ^tpatlmg Oi frotijie poppie 5 51 poppteanblnsSmbs 293.295.296. 297 pojedaine 419 po;tmga!e Crcfoile 1021 potatoes 780 potatoesofBirgima 781 Kbijitepotljcrbe 243 &>!>cpljearbs poutlj 215 pjtcSmabamanbljiSStttbS 414.415 PitcSe timber, 0? pjtcfce Srcobe tree J28 3.1 284.1286 P^tcSlepbope 115 1 Preset 415 prtefts pintle 685 pjttmerofe peerelede anb !jtS Stnbcs T I4.ft. • pjtmrcfetmtb the reb flower $ pjim= rofefontljtlje white flower 639 pjiuet oj p?tm pjint 1028 Sipocbcptiuet 1209,1210 ilPaSarb pziuet 1211,1212 ^rnn’eflepjtuet' 1213 pjuncil 508 pubbing gradCjtl)at is penniroial 541? pubbtngpipe 1242 pudejFifles 1386 pulialimountaine 457 pulfe 10354c. purftane 419 ^eapurflane ibtb.420 purple mot!) ^ulleine 63 3 purple wcojt 1029 ^jljepliearbs purlc,fce pout!;. CL Q UllacSfaluers fpurge 407 tUuackfaluers Curbit!) 404 SEluaSers,o? quaSing grade 80.8 r ^ItteeneS Ctlloflofeers 376 £lu®ne of tl>e S^eboSoeS, tljat is ^speabcfweete 886 iUueene mother !)erbe, tl)at is Cabaco 285 dutcSbeante anbduidicn tree, that iS Smlbe a!be 1290 iSiuic&lp gone flower, tljat is Hentcc ^ 9 alio 5 » 791.792 Ctuic!) grade, that is bogs grade 2 2 £lutnquefoile, tl;at is Cinqncfoile 839 £lumcc tree 1263,1264 : R D 3 bone l s 4 JLX ‘ ISacSet, tl;atis IRocbet 194 KabifyanbijisSinbs 183;! 84.186 l^ojifeo^mountatnelSabifl) 187 IRagiPcbjt,tljat is £>aint Barnes Sowjt 218.219 threat ISaifojt 1 87 Iflatltnsof tljefunne 727 lRampions,anbl)isSinbS 369,370 ISamfons 142 13 am of ilibpa, o ? Clifts Cljojne 1154 < ' ISamojl^artstljojrie 1152,1153 ilatatitfe 13 am 1154,115? ISampe 68? I 3 ape anb i)ts Stubs 177-178 ISapeCroSsfwte 81 1 I 3 ape become,fee £D?obandj, 13 apcCole 250 IBafpis 0? pFrambois, anbljisSinbeS 1089.1091 ^elloiu IHattle, cj^fittclSattle 9 it 13 eb! 3 attle,02 ISattle grade 915 ISebCoIe - 287 13 ©be anb !)is Stubs 32.3 3 ^4 IBeebc mace,tl)at is €, tits taile 41.41 13 ©be grade, tljat ts 25 urve 13 ©b 4. ? 3 X>ilbe 13 ©be 7 <®reat.l 3 ©be grade 2r d)ojnicl 3 ©beofperu ior? ^) 5 »©te 13 ©be, t^at IS Calamus aro¬ ma ticus £7 ibro©telS©b,03fugarlK©be 3? 13 cb rate,tljat is 3 Darnell 71 13 eft!jsrrb 5 » 1141,1142 IStyein berries 115? 13 tb 5 »ro?tanb!jtsSmbS 341 ISocSet 191.192 grtjepijcarbs 13 ob, tljat is&flb <Ca5eit xoo6 3 Hogationflo 5 »er 450 13 omancbeaneS 1042 Iflomanepeafe 1047 13 ofeanb!jis Stubs 1079.1080.1081, 1082 l3ofebap,o?13ofcbatetr© 122a ID5»ardel3ofebaie 1221.1222 ISofeelber 1237 CngUfljlSofefstlloSo 1204 Ros Soli s, tbat is Sunbeam 1366 tUJilbe 13ofc 1087.1088 13ofeS»©>t,o? 13efe rate 4 * 6 floater 13ofe 674 Winter 13ofe 13 ofe Campion JPtlbe 13ofe Campion 13ofe rubte 13 ofemarie anb IjtS Stubs 3 Ji!)fltl 3 ot IBeb 18 ot,tljat ts ^unbearo IBcotc of tbeljolie <®!joft IRounfluals IKubarbeanb^isStnbs 315.316.317 ft^un&es IRubarbe 314 215 aftarb ISubarbe 313.314.263 Cngliflj baftarb ISubarb 1063 IS ubbes 603 ISueanbljisSinbS 1070.1071.107Z UOall ISne, oj IBue matbenbatre 983 IRupture Sowzt,tljat is $11 (©be 455 IBnfljfea grade 30 ISnfl) l©Se 0? 5§>ftet!) 140 Common ISulbes 30 H 3 ulio}xoateri 3 tt(^e 31 5 >^arpe 784 380.3 81 382,385 310 IT I O 424 15 66 847 047 1108 jfel>arpeoj^arT) 18 ofl) 32 IKufl) baffobUI ; anb 1)10 Hint* 89 IRufl) grade 4 l&ufbiefea grade 18 IRpce 72 JSpeanbbi# kinb0 61,70 O #dron anb b T -0 kinb0 1:3,114.125 ^ 126.127.fc. ©email Saffron 126 SJaftarb Saffron ant) tyijs Wnbs 1006. 1007 XEtlbebaftarb Saffron 1008.1009 <S>ageanbbi0kinb0 622.623.624 ^age r ofe anb bistunug, icokeCiftus. JFrencl) 3§>age, Icofce Verbafcum Mathi- oll 62? j&ageSJfJullctn tbtb. ;§>agc of 3! cnifalcm 66 3 j&ageoftioetljlem tbit). jg>altgof, oj Saater nuts anb bt0 U(nb0 676 SalomonsfealeanbIfighints 755. 7'56.758 /ajaltfnajt anb Ijig feints, l coke 30ca grape 429 IBlacKc jS>altwco?t 448 gallon?,that 10 ttHHoSo 1205 Sampler anb J)(s ktn'00 4:7.428 ^anbeuer 429 <§>anDi»aojt 347 fiDanic&ieaubbwffctnt# 801,802 ^eefeaajt jj-HanlcUlc 803 ountamc 0? fpotteb j^ar.tckle 643. 644*64$ i§>arfa$>artlla 711 *>avacen0 Confooinbc, op jg>araeenc0 Comfrepopmounbiaapt 347 jbara(in02l5trtba>apt 698 jfe>a(Tafra0, ot ague tree j 341 i&sttin, 0p j&attin fioSaer anb btS bmb0 377-373 &)atppton anb 5)i0 fcinbs 156,157.169 170.171.172.173. ^miotie anb bio U;nb0 460,461 ^atunanb busfembo 1191.1192 *>afe)ce #mmacb j 29 2 i^aunberotree 1388 ^ante alone, that is J,achc bp tbc S;ebge 650 5>a5»eS»copt 576.577 <$ngliH) jis>aptfrage 891 SiSnrnCt js&apifragc 887.888. Iic5;itc o? goiben j§>apifragc 692.693 i&cabtouo anb bis Utnbs 582.583, 584.585.586 Milner Scabious 59 r j^cale fcmc,o p ftonte fevne 979 j£>cab&apt,tbariG<$lecatnpane 649 ^cammonie anb J)t0 Utnbs 716.718 i§>cartole 222 Scarlet o&e 1158.1159 Sciatica graffr, tljat i0 feilbe Cvcde0, 197 Scoenanthum 40 Cl6fc Sciences 377 iatyepljearbs iS>crii> 215 ^coti)iongra(feanb!;i0Sinb0 266 267 Scordium, t!;at is Scater ©ertuanber 53$ Js>cop?oner 599 j&curoiegrade,yi 0 * 5 )panc 5 »©pt 325 fi»cotttfl)^cttioiegraffe 690 ^eacanle,tljat 1 $ Soldanclla tbtb. A Table of the Englilh names. 5>ca£>nion 137 jsbeafpike grade 18 i£>ca ?Dog0 grade 23 35>ebetten op^dppianplumme 1314 MM 5) elfel)ca!eanbl)t0btnb0 507.508 ;S)enebulb 1113.1114 213 altar b ic?cnc c? 5>ene tree 111 6, 113 8 SDcngreene 411.412 Xyster ja>enaretne 677 ^tdb 3§>cmue,tbsti0 ^udarbe 190 Serpents toong, op 3lbber0 tang 3 27 £5>erapiasftonc0 170.173 £>eruicc tree 1287,1288 ltDilbe^)cruicctree 1290 ^>cfamoibe0 op baftarb Sooab 396.397 S>efam»m, tljat 10 otlte pulfe 1054 1055 |befelp,tbati0l£artaapt 892 3£>cfelp of Canbte 893-894 ountamc js>etaall, tSjat 10 Nardus Ccltica 919 i§>ctfoile,tbdt is Co jmenttli 840 i&ettergrade 827 j§>etterS»apt tbib. £>ctu>all 916.918 ia>baboS» grade 8 iibbauc grade,t^at is opfetaile 952 ja>bate&)apt 393 32>')cpbcarb0neeble 884 6) !)rpbcarb0 puvfe,o? fertp (sc poueb. g&tjeevz grade 7 j§)tcainope tree 1326.1327 ^iicblciucozt 506,508 iSulcr mountaine 891.892 iSulfecn £>mnacJ) 1293 j&>:laer fcnapfaeeb anb l)is hints 590, 59i £D;luertl)ifHe 988 <3>tfueracebc,tbat is Canfte 841 S)mbcfielb 839 3&httii!apt 871 iabic0 flipper 359 j&loctree 1313 ^manage anb Jjfo ttmb0 862 <®>mallbarb grade 4 tiCarben titular 1042 ^nabefcebe anb \)is 'dints 322.323 ^naKcbBuglodc 659 H>nafce0 doarlirke 14: Ensile Clauer 1029 ^>napbzagcnanb^!Sfetnb0 438.439 ^niecfeioajtt 483,484 ji&jolbtcw ^arrom 677 ^om!nertole0anbbtsUinb0 121 jSscpcforazt anb l)iS bjnbS 3 59-3 60 fijojbc tree anb 5)ieblnb0 1287.1288 ^)o?rell anb Ijt# Utnb0 318,319.3 20. 321 j5>0zrell du Bois 1031 ^>ojroS»full tree 1342.134? *S>otl)ernSo£Db anb 5jt0 ivinb0 947,948, 949 @o5»bteabanbbt0feinb0 694.695 j^oSutbtftlef 5jisUinb0 219.230.23 x ^panifl) b?come, 03 j£>paatflj bafe bjcome0 1136.1137. S>parroSjce0 teeng, tljatieltnotgrade 452 5>pcarcfotakmg 88 ®)pearcni©jt anb l)is hinSS 813.8x4 815 S»peore Crofefcote 815 ^>peebcS»ell,lcobe^FItteilIin 500,502. 504 S>pcltcotnranbl)i0btnb0 62 S>perljaukc,t^att0^attbc)»eetir 237 ^)pcragc,tf)3ti0 Afparagu* 952,95^ 955 J3>peragcbeane0 1042 S>picknell 895 2Sadarb j&piclwcl! ibib, ^piberSooozt 45 ^)ptkcb S»atcr grade 12 ^>pmcCpp?c0 grade 20 jDpigneli, ttjat 10 2J5aibmonie 352. 895 XTater^pike 675 S>pikenarb 919.920.921.922 iBoitgbotfculbc^plceneujcojt 979 £>pmage anb ijts ki nb0 2 6a ^)pmbletree 1284,1286 j3)pleenc5»cottanblji0klnb0 978,979 ^pa>nerooo?t 325 Spurge anb iji0ltinb0 401,50.407 i£>pi!rge&)eojt, Icoke ftinlung <®fabm 53 Spurge oliue, 0? S»tboS» Suatlc 1215 er mame oliuc spurge 1216 j§>purge fiape, 0? monntainc S»tbo5i> 4»atle 1217.1218 spurge laitrell 1219 Squill,tfjat ts fea £Dnion0 137 ^Dqumant 40 Stagger 0? S)taueraatt 219 S*tanbergrade, tljat is 5Dog0 Cullid 0 ns 1 69 ^tard) co^ne 63 ^)tard)5sa3t 685 ^ea j&tar&a?t, djatts blexoe IDaiQca Scarce tljtdlc 1003.1004 S>tmes acre 398.399 jSJtarcooojt, 0; .^)ljare5aajt anb bis; kmb0 391,392.39J S>tar0ofH5etl)IeIjem 131.13 5 S)taro of 3iernfalem, t!jati0 Jofepljjef floiret 596 Stcecados anb 1)10kttt50 47a <!5olbCUStoecados 512 j^ti#Datt 43 ^ticlaboue 470 ^tockc <15iUofer0 anb fyis hints 372 373 S)toneImerSnatt 1376 i&tonecrop, tljat is DoufeJeeke 4.13 414 intone betc, that isi&toncpepper, o? ^tonecrop 415 Wl'itc 0? golben g>tcne bjeafec 69? 5?tonie5»ab, tbati0tnrnebtoaftone 1390 ^totkec bill anb bf0 hints 79 5 fil^iifkcb S>tojbc 0 bill 796 ©tolct0^>to?ke0btll 800 ^Ptozaptree 1342 l^trakcb grade 2 5 Strangle coeebe, anb Strangle tare, tbattnOrobanch 1053 5)tra5»berric anb \)is ktnbt0 844.. 845 j^tmobernetre^oj ^rbnte tree 13x0. 1311 j3‘tubS»a>tt,tbat is 5 »ab fojrell 1030. 1031 5>ucccjtc anb bis fetnbes 219.220, 22r d5unt j^uccojteanbbtf kinbeo 2 24, 227 JX>tlbe ^nccopfe 222 ^ucfelc0o?bcntfsd*lca 1018 £)ugar reebc 3 5 jSmgarcane 34 jS>nlpbnr5uajt, that is fyogs fcnnclt 896.897 ^cff{ & §>mlr. jib&aUoS»© 2 t<JbiSbinbs 7 *°- 7 *i. 9 n J©Doem5»illoS»,tbati0 ifiaule 1228 ;g>utnacb 1292 2Reb j^iumacb ibits .1295 ^utme&eafoe 1366 J^nnffoxoet 1102 twines Creffes, tijat is Ruellius bis 25 ucbtbojne 3 ^ i&Stitnes graffe 451 ^ticSaaoue 470 'T , 3 Pbato anb bts binbs 284.28? 1 Camarifbe anti bis btnbs 1194. 119? CanQe ant) bis btnbs 524 ?2?.?26 IMbeCaniie 841 Care anD bis btnbs io?2.io 53 Careeuerlafting tbtb. ti&'reatimibe Care 10^4 Diofcoridcs bis mtibe Care 106 1 Carragon 193 Ceafcil anb bis binbs 1005 Cerribiebtrbe 408 Cetter 5 »co?t 9ir Cetterberrie 720 CbiffleanbhiSbinbes 981.986. 987. 988.989.3c* Cbiftle bppon Cbiftie, anti tuners other SjriibeCbtftlcS 10101013 Cblafpi 206 Cbo?ne anb bis binbs ii4?.i 147.1148 JPbiteCbojne 1147 Cbojnebcjce ii?i Cbojne became anb bis binbs 1138. i »39 Cbo^ne Ripple,o?of 3 Sem 276.278 Cbojne <®rape, that ts <S 5 oofeberrieS 1143 barging Cbojne, 0? Hajcatrae ram 1155 CbcjoSs&iape, ojCbojo&leafe 429. 430 Cfceeleafeb graffe 1018 Cbzeelcafeb iiuerwcojt 1032 Cb?ift 483 Cb^cteSocojtastbbisbinbeS 363.366 Cfoougbfo ®%t anb bis binbs 430 Cirne anb bib btnbs 4?8.4^9 Cine, oj Satlbc ffiletcb io?x.io?3 tOilbeCtme 4?4,4?6.4?7 Creeping Cirne 03 running Cirne ibib. 3 Dobber,o?lacebCime 459 Cime ibib. Cobeftcoie anb bis btnbs 1386 Cobc fla^e,03 roilbe flajee anb bis binbs 440.441.442 443. Coimeiners 480 Co?tnentiH,anbbiSfctnbs 840 Coongeblabe 761 CfotbpicbeCberuili 88? dSrcatCcDibeooajt 1387 Cojcbes 630 Co^nfole ' 267 Couch nte not 766 Cottcb&cobe, tbat is tree 1386 CoSsjing guitar be 212 CopttKXUt 21? 31 abie 'Crates 169 Cripic Rabies CraceS ibtb. Cvauriiers tog 738.739 Crceofltfe 11x7 Creefpurge CrcfoileanbbiSbtttbS 1017.1018.1019 Seane Crefoiie 1239 Crefotle of America 1020 A Table of the Englifti names. Abater 03 marfb Crefoiie 1024.102 ? ^S>b?ub Crefotle 112x.ua? ilfoeete Crefotle 102? ^oeoer Crefoiie 1031 21!$atiarbeo?S»tibcmilbe Crefotle, 03 baftarbO^ub Crefotle n 2?. 1127 tftenemons tree Crefotle 1127.1128 j^bjwbbie Crefotle ojmabebate, 03 Marcellus bis tmlbe Crefotle 1128. 1129 Creatle 5 J$ uftarb anb bis binbeS 190. 203.204.20^,208 Creatle tooo3mfeebe 213.214 Creaclc xueo3t,looke Scorodothlafpi. Crcacleclaner 1018.10x9 Cngitlb Creacle 53? CreebearingdSeefe 1391 Crinitteljerbe 704.1032 CrcllfloooerS 810 Crue!ouc,tbatt0berbe^arttf 329 Cul tpc anb bts binbs,116,n 7, 1 18 ,$c. Cuneboofe 70? Curbitbof^nticcb 334-33* Serapias Cnrbitb,tbatt0 fea ftarSooi3t 334 Curbe0btrbe,loJlteHcrniarja 4?? Curbie bauime ??8 Curbie cc-jne,anbCurbie Sobeate 77 Curbie Croisfcotes 812.813 Curbte Sij?ulict 105? Curbie benfloioer 123 CurnepS anb bts binb0 177. 1 78.179 Curpenttne tree anb bis blubs 1146 Cutfan 43 * Cxo ap blabc, tJ;at is bouble il cafe 326 C&igSmtbte,03fmall5»itbte 120? CSsopentegraffe jo? 916. 917 "y Pierian anb bis btnbs IKeb Valerian S*o.??r lleluct flosjetbelwce 9 * SRenice Jbumacb 1-93 ©enus bafon,that is Cafdl 1006 Sierras ba:$x, tbat is S^aibcn baire 983 SJemts combe 884 QLlenus Icobmg glaffe 3 ?6 SI cruatnc anb bts binbs ? 8 o. ? 81 Sletcb io?2.io?3 fitter SJetcb 10? 1 Sline anb biS btnbs 724 7*?-7*7 Pbilbetfttne 722 PDl/tte Sltne,tbat is Mobile IBxion^ 719 Slioletsanb bis binbs 3 ??. (99. 701 IDamesanbbamafbeSliolets 376.377 J^atcrSliolet 679 Slp3tgbt tb^ee coloureb Slictefc 70? CcotbebSlioiet 833.83? 2 £ulbcbSJiolet 121 Slipers gralTe ?9^"97.?99 Sltpers 21 &ttgloffe,$Btpersbctbe 659 Slirginsboioer 7 -i °-743 Slp?tgbtbcgsgraCTe 24.2? w t 7 T 725 bmgponb«jeeb 677 V V JJPaiebreabtbatiSpIantain 340 tiDaietbo3ne,tbattsbucbtbojnr u?? JPaiefartng tree 130? ^abelSobitt 68? PDallfloSuers 370.371 #>allbarlep, oj xoa^ Rennet, tbat is ©arncll 67.71 ttaallnut 12? 2 no ail Ss3<xijt>tbat ts IDaneSooojt 1238 JbcatQattSoaijt 4°7 (©rest JtJatcr grade 6.12 Abater Cpp^esgratTe 20 23 baterarcber anb bts btnbs 337 Abater nuts, tbat is ^aligot anbbts btnbs 676 3 t?eebS»inb,tbat is Smtbtsnnb 714 Pbelcome to our boufe 407 Pbelbe,tbatts 5 Diarsi»eeb 398 PDbeat anb bis binbs ?8.?9.6o.7?.st.76, Cb^ee months Sobcate 63 Pbbtnne anb bis binbs 1138.1140 Pbbicbentree,tbatis 5 »ilbea(be 1290 PbbitiiioSt),oj 5 »biteloS» graffe 49840© 3 t>bitfceo?t,tbat is iffeauerfefox ?z7 J 5 /!nte roote anb btS binbs, tbat is Salomons feale 7?g 3 ^b»itentree, tbat is Soater elber 1237 liobcjts, oj &bo?tie berries anb btS binbs 1228.1229.1231 ^arrifb 3 X>bb?tS 1367 Pbtboxo Soiffe, f is greening weeb 1134 KDtboSijfoaiie 121? Cbc 'Obtibing tree,fee Crabe tree. ^nocetX^tlliams 478.479.480 Sbilbe bbilliams 481 H?tilo*ia anb bis btnbs 1202 x203.120? ^> 5 »eetePbillow)tbatts<! 5 aale 1228 Ubiiloxo berbe ^87.^86. 387.388 PDtnb rofe 301 libtnb fioxoer 301.302.303.304 irbilbJfinbefiotoet 306.307 Pbitbitbinbe 714 Pbitljis x 20 ? PDitbifcunb, that is BinbSseeb anb bis binbs 714 33 bitcb bafdi Pboab 394 Ubecb graffe 8 Pbcob tuQjie graffe 20 Pbo3b5s)a)cen,tbat is dSreenaeeb 1136 SX’cobbinb anb bis binbs 743.744 Blero VO ©bbinb, oj labies bower 743 SlpjigbtXPcDbbinb 1113 JSbeDbxoffe,ojfeaib5oS» 967.96$ PD cob mabe ftones 13 9 o IP cob fofe)CV,0? &©b fojrcll, that is Al¬ leluia 1030.1031 XPcob resell 966 XV m fage,anb garitebefage ?3?.?3<5 Pbcrb ^tgbtffiabe 278.279 PbccbCbtcbxocebe,ojPb£ob^iIlet 8? iPcollpjacint ic6 Pbco!en,tl;at is Jcipuilem 630 Pbcolfes bane anb bts binbs 816818 Pbocifestlato 1374 Pbinter PbcolfeS bane 818.819 fellow Pbcolfes bane 821.822 Pbcolfesfffts 1386 paajme graffe,that is great ^itone crop 414 XV 0 jmfceb, 0 j Pb ojmfeebro co jt 942 Cngitib 3 Po?mfeeb,lcobe Cantebne 28 Pbo?mi»cob 938 l^oiielPotmeiccob 941 JEotnane Pbojmrccb 939940 ^tnrdl icafeb, garben 0? Cfp?effe 3 Po 2 m 5 ncob 940 ,%ea3Pojnte‘ix>cobe 94°-94i jfoiren ozbaftatb ixiojmwcobs 94**944 JPotmbfricojt,t.Confownb 709,660 PD ounbwcojt anb bis binbs 8?o.8?i &ntcl)ts boater ^Pounbiocojt 677 Y Y Hirrofo) 678,913.914.91?.916 CbcOPc 1 ®^ 1x87.1188. ‘JJofecCime 119^ •)>outbwcojt,tbat is ftwbeaw 1366 5>ucatijat is 3H»«a 13?? A Supplement or Appendix vnto the generall Table, and to the Table of Snglifh names ; gathered out of ancient vpritten and printed Copies,and from the mouthes of plaine and Ample Countrie people. A. A &et is E>tU# is Ameos. argcnftU is percepier. 0ebeis^mallage. Alliaria,i n batten Copies Cardiac*. B. B fllomoine,tbat is Centian. Baloboein,tbat is Oentian. 515eIU)eeO,tl)atiS lace a nigra. Bifljops boo?ts,tbat is Betonie. Biros nett,that is inilD parfnep. Biros fmng.tljat is £>tic|>boojt. BtgolO,tf)at is chrysanthemum fegetum. BoItSjttjatis gioboftit. BobulnmD,tt)ati0fcnaptoceO. B^obonc begle is Bugle. B2fflfetoC0’t,tf)at is Confoltda minor. B^otbcrio outsat is pulioll mountaine. BAOtUCDjt,tl)at is Vlmana. B;ttgl)t is Cbehdonia. . . ; Baofeeleafce is toater Wagons. Baches beanes,tbatis Tnfoiium patadofum . Bucfcram,tbat is &ron. C. C 0roiacfee is Alliaria. Carfes is CretTes. Catmint is Nepta. Cencleffe is SDaffoOill. Cljeruello? Ctjeuerell boas calleo (thou® bntrulp) Apium rtfw. _.. Cljurles SCreacleis Allium, Cburcbtnojtis penniropatl. ClitbeistbeBurooche. Clifberenis Cajfegras o; Cliuers. elite is Lappa. Cloue tong is EUeborus ntger. Cocfees foofe is Columbine. Coche fmte is Chelidonta maior. Coin fat is Coin Baftll. Criftalo^e is ttje letter Ceniojie. Croneberries, Vaccinia paluftrta. CroiD berries,£r/Vrf bacctfera. Croin fopeis ^opeincoojt. Croin lahets HyacinthUi Anglicus. CropineeO is face a n'tgr a. CuluerioojtisColumbine. - Cutberoole ano CutberttlMs Bjanfee bjtme. . r?l * D. D \\X[Stt Cyclamen. $>onmnetbeUis boilo ^emp - ».r~ - ■ •vi. '»s jDjagons female is Mlatcr Ojeigo ns. SDjOpinOjt is Ftlipendula . E. E SDOerinfflJtis Dracontium. Cileber is Alliaria. Clfeooche ts Enula campana. Cartbgall is great Cenfone. Cuerferne is inall iferne. Cran is Crofinojt,pet not our Crudata. F. F 0ne,iubitej?loiner oeluce. jfauerell is Cepe*. ifielo Ctp’effe is Chamapitys. JFielo bnojtis jfelino?t,oj Centtan. iflleiUOjt IS Ftlago minor. ifleaooefceis Petafues. jfleaiuojt is Pfyllium. ifojget me not is chamapuys. ifojebitten mo^e is E>iuels bit. Jfaueroleis boater Wagons, jfreifer is tfje berbe t^at bearetb ^frabube tries, ^trainberrier. G. G 0lingall meUe is Arifict.rotunda. Canoegcttes is^ahes. Cechooris Ap arine. Cajfecbite is ^grimonte. Ccofegras lnas fometime calleo Argentina. dDcofe bill Aparme. * * Careen Ctnger is Tiperitis. ClonOisCotoBafill, Creene3g)utfaro isSDittanOer. Crounotuill is CrounDfinell. CrOUUOnecOleiS Geranium Mufcatum. Crouno Cmell is Venm combe. H. ,Q H 0ireueisCUuers. - ^ammeriuojt is pellifojie oftlje inall. i^aroijoiu is sparpgolcs. l§ares etc is Lychnis fylueflru. harebell is Croboleefee. i^erbe 3jue is Chamapitys. ^enbell is henbane. i§eit)OboiS Hedera terreftris. i^erbe Bennetts i^emloche. $erbe peter is Cobofltp. Herba mart is is Mart agon. i^ertecloinje is Chamadryos. i^erfinojt isFraxinus. I^ilboo jt is pultol mountaine . Hippia maior common pimpernel!. A l^o!t> rope is lutlD l$emp. i§ounoberrte is Solatium. I^O^tbO^t \S Ft logo. ^o^fecfjtre is ©ermanber. Skiffle is inilo lettuce* l^oneCie is JIBolbonacb, i^O^felDer is Ennla campa na, ^ojfemint is Matermint ilultuo# is Poltum. 5 ^pnbbeele iszAmbroft*. Supplement vnto the generall T able. R. R 0ms fcote is boater Crofoforte. HetJ Unees is Hydropiper. Mobin in tije t) 0 fe is Lychnis fylueftris. Mods goto is Sparigolbs. S. S CabtUQ^t IS Enula campana. £>ebocfee is bjank fcjCnc. I. I Ace*«\ba is our tot lb o; tobi&2£anfie. 3 |mb?ekeis^ouacefee. K. K ^nblegcCes is CtenbergolFes, i&ings crotone is Mehiotus. luffe me ere 3 rife is panOcs* L. L 0UgtoO?f is HeHebortts albas. Little toaleisCrcmtoell* Licbtaotf is pellitodc of tfje toalt ilongtoojt is pellitode of^patne. Lillie riail is pennircpaU. Looetoo^t ts J£ams fco^e. EljmgtOOjt is Helleb oriu albas. M SJns moffjertDo^f is Pdma Chrifti. SpatebloGTomes is Contrail Lillies, spatojoil is tobife ^o?e^Qtm&* ^at 'dtytnisCotulafoetida. , Sparcljs is ^mallage. ♦ Peebles is 8 r«ge. , t Spererrop is pimpernel!, * 1 ^ $po?eil is jjitgljtl^aDe, fpOiOfepCafetS Orobas. ; N. N CleiS Loll arm. $efptte ts Calamtnt $ofeblcebisi?arrcto. O. O Httallts £>rptn» £D)Ca niSCruciata. SDrtffiUg is Lingua bonis. P. P 0 gle is ^ticbtoejt Palme dedieuis Palma Chrifti. papfeo’fctssperatdc. pebelionts He He boras niger. peters Cafe is Tap fas barbettes* ptmenfade is IBatrlme. _ potofcnecsle is ^tojkes bill, ^immkisLiguftrurn. ppgte is Gramen Leacanthemtm . $s>elfebeale teas fomfttne ralleb pimpernel!. ^b^pebilling is Cotyledon aejaatita. £>leep&j 03 teis Lettuce. ^ttaggertoojt ano £>tauerto 03 tts lacobea. ^yfanniarcb is Siltfanbcr. ^tanbeltoelfcs is ^>atp’ion. ^.epartes feebc is ^outbiftlc feebe. ^metlDO^tiS Anftolochia. £>tibe ptlets ^toafees bit *a>tebfaC is Palma Chrifti. <a>tobU)0^t tS Oxys. *®parotofamg is Lnot graCe. ^tonnojb is gjtonecrop. Atonies grafe is Motgratfe. £>toine Carfe is ¬graffe. £>totcbcn is CrounbftoeU. ^otobtootf is Columbine. T. T 0 letco?t is totlbe Borage. 2 £anfee is toils parfnep. %etter\D 0 ?t is Celanbinetbe great SEffltttttio# is £>bepbearos purfe. gLutfane is Clymcnum Italorurn. W. W $ltoojf is Ebuitu tDfjiefj toas ComsftmecaP lets Filtpendula. Marence is jabber. Marmot is €&lo;metocob. Maptoo.jtis pimpernell. Mapbjeab is Plant ago. MeptOSJ %t is fpia motor. Matertoo^t is Sr5dsenba£?e. Member nop is jfcuer&to. MbtteiiSotben is great SDapfie, Milo j&auager is Cocfcle. MilO Nor das is Afarum. Mbits Soloes is great SDaiCe* Mob ^aveb is ^anicble. Mffibfobaer is Oxys. M©DbjonepiS Fraximtt. MtDbnepis Ameos. MGJlaiftbifile is chameleon. Mpncberries is Vaccinia. Wtyvnstvs Ibifctu. Mit is Hyofcyarmu lute as. Y. f^onbaro is mnapiueeb. z. X&kts tnas tsmtts Satyrion minor, ^t“0 ffjat tbb^b L'Obel calletb S sropias fceminapratenftt • A 1 AoLCj WHtKtUN lb VJ _ _ Nature, Vertue,and Dangers of all the Herbes, Trees and Tlants^of the which are ipoken in this prefent Herball. A T O caufc 3Ib0jtmcnt, 54,6.696/ 970,/ Goodagainft Aborcment,<fe 4) a. To prouokc womens natural! ^kCtDent#, 57, b. lookc Termes. Good againft 3fc^CS,iJ4,e. Good for Aches in the hands and fcctc,987,6. Goodagainft or to take away all Aches procccdingof a coide caufe,540/1346/. Good for all Aches in the ioints,ioi6,a.ii4,e.io26,b.io5o,n. Againft all manner of Aches in any part of the bodie, 287/616, b.7n,c. To micigate the Ache and paine of feeble Iims,i339,b. To helpe old Aches in the armes,hips and legs,219/.43 3,t-557, 11.722,0.1129/. Toabateor helpc Aches of thefinewesand ioinrs, 65,3, 1315b. 895/. iojo,n. Torcmedicthe Ache of thcHucklcbone, 198/. 219,d. 1129,d. 1303 ,b,c. To mitigate all manner of Aches, 1256/. To take away Aches of the armes andllioulders in fnort fpacc, 722,e. To confumc or fcoure away the^cWr.being vlccrs in the head, 147,3.1027,1.1035,0. To procure the'Jtctof generation^ 53,d.looke Toprouoke bo¬ dily lu ft. A remcdicagainft the flinging of 3!Sber#,267,3. To healc the difeafe Jcgilops, 68 ,z, 1252,11. Againft cuill ^IfFertSf of the bread, 3 18,3.460/. Againft euill Aftcds of the bodie,1116/ To helpc cuill Affcdtsof theraincs,3,d.724,b. Againft cuill Aftcds of the lungs, 54/663 ,2 839 ,b. To bringdowne the ^fiCVlstt‘tl),i 24,0.141/, 188/, 459,3.527,3. 563,^^03,3.617,0.652,3.720,^.762,3.862,b.84<5,b.S97,b.9C2,f. 1065,3.1072,3.1108/.1178/, 1194,3.1239/. To cxpell the Aficrburthcn in moll fpeedic mar.ner,i47,f. To breedc ti oublefcmc 25 gltfflr,1324,3. To Caufe pc ftilent A trues, 772,8.1324,3. Againft pefiil nt Aigues ; 6oj,a. Profitable againft longli -.gnngAgaes.463,3.738,1?. To cure aquauainc Ague, 415,b.4.33,£460,g. A remedie againft an old quartaine Ague, 170,a.463,3.849/. To cure the Ague in chi!dr<p,617,£705,3. A rcmcdic againft allcoldjAgucs, 616/. Good for Agues procccdingof fiegme^cy/. Tocurea tertian £91^,433/1019/1341/. To mitigate the ficrichcat of burning Agues, 702, a. lookc Heat. Todriuc away the cold (bakings andihiuerings of Agues,854,h. 949.(1 37r^698,b.i282.v.557,a,b.6i9,3. Good for hot andfliarpe Agues, 1243/.1376, 3. For hotburning Agues,1243, b.t 389,3. Tocurean Ague, 657,0.891, f. 893.6.287/. 315,11.457,3.512,5, U 7 & 573.ino73,a. 1184, g. 7282, v. x. Totake away the fitsofa quartaine Ague, 887/1019/ Good for the quartaine Ague, 689, f. 188.13.749,3.827,3^93o.b.c.d 46o.g.735,f.ioo9 k. Good for or to cure Agues of long conti nuance, 41 5 ,6.437,3.463 a,e. 689 .c. 863,3.938,c.ii8 4 ,g. Tocoole allot or burning Ague, 321/.471, a.66i,f. 680, a. 719,5. 1144/. 1145/.d.c.1251,01263/.il; 24,0. Tocurcquotidian Agues, 1184-, 1341,d. ^51Setmz0, acordiall confcdfton for infirmities of the hart, n6o.b. ' U? < • • - £ Againft the about the throat, and r.ootc of the toong, 190,4.1151,3.1x58/. To cure malicious vlccrs of the Almonds in the rhrore/63,3. To take away the hot f.rellings of the Almonds in thefhfote, 261/410/676, a. Againft inflammations ofthc Ahnonds, 1294,a. Good againft old fwcllings ofthc Almonds in the throtc, 93 4,a. 410/587,3.1263,1. T o heale the Almonds of the throtc, 638/. siloes fitccatrina, an excellent and familiar purgcr,4io,g. To hclpc the difeafe 88,c.lookchairc, 1259,11.1361,3. To purge the difeafe called Mpbw, which caufeth fpottincs in the bodie, 114,d.859/ To helpc the Angina,a fwcllingof the throte,445/. 1172,m. To helpc wrenches of the SHnUIeS, 114,!. Goodagainft S.2flntiicntC0 tire,. 413,e. 527/. 678,3.1051,q. I0 74>k.H53 >a. 1207 ,e. 1278/. To appeafe or affwage S. Anthonies fire fpeedily,60/h,z6i,b. 269,8.0, c. 412,3.472,0.- To curcS.Anthonies fire, 269,3.6.0. 298,£3 18/424,3. 648,b. 655, 3.660,3.667,0. 680, a.86o,£ii44,f. 1150,0. A n 'Sd iittbOte a gain ft p oifon s, 107 5,n. Tokeepe^ppnrcUfrommothes^ip.a. IookcCIothes. To deliroic or driuc away hcefrom Apparel!, 399,e. To procure or prouoke Appetite to mcate, 185,2.190,9.739,3. 241,3.872/. 938/. 321/. 419,3.428,0,578,0.596,3. 732,0. 1031,3.1044/1133,1.1144,0.1145/.C. 1207,0.1235,^1244,0 1181,1.1317,0.1324/1341/. Torcftore Appetite decaied,849/. I223,g.i368,3. Good againft the *5LpoplC£ie,899,e. Arcmcdiefbr'ih:Apoplcxic,77o,h.o,8 4 9,m.374 ) b.735,h;i'259,i . iz'99,c. '? ••• . i ! ■, To reftorc fpcech to them that ate duaibc by the Apoplexic, 332,3.1259/ Tonpen^lpoftctnCEriRtheflankcscommingof vcneric 147,0. To bring hot Apcflcmes to fuppur3tion, 4 9i,a. To biljeake inward Apofteroes,2C7,a. 210,3. To confumc or cure Apoftemes, 282,5.285,3. 288^.50953. To mollific and foften Apoftcines, 790,5. 445,0. To cure Apoftemations ofthc mouth and rhrote, 1209,3. To cure Apoftemcs ofthc priuic members, 147/. To aflwagCjbreake, and confume, hard Apoftemcs in anic part • • ofthc bodic,37,b.c.7i2,c. A remedie againft hidden cankrous Apoftemes bchinde the cares,198,0. To ripen and break Apoftemcs, 61,3.13 5,2.720,0.445.0.1361,3. Toterc peftilentiali Apoftemations,'849/. To cure the Mgema, which is a difeafe in the cic,301,3.1016,3. Tohclpc oldc aches in the 3flntte0,2f//. Good againft the ramoii/favor of the Arrticholcs,993 ,d.995,b. ioi3,3.b.c. To take aw3y any (welling cf-the Armes, 497,0. To drawout ^?iTOtr*!)eal!0 without griefe,5 4 ,g. Againft the venomous fhor of Arrowes,854,1,288,y. To helpe thoftt that bee , or (hort winded, 848/ 288^.1346,3.1361,0. ; A pi eferuatiue againft a contagious and peftilent x 4 i,e<. 847,3.1328,^ _ T - . . Singular good againft, or to driue aWay corrupt and naughtie Ayre,849,3.847,3.604,0.1075,p.1190/;. : \ To driuc the corrupt and peftileritiifL Ayreoutof the part in¬ fixed, 847,3. 'Aiv •• ■ u.> ii < ■ - T O helpe the paine in.rhe3i5aciXC,55v//£i,e. Againft paine of the Backe procured of violent motion or too much Vcr.crie,&c.66r/. To Talle of the Nature^ Vertut , end Dangers. To fl lengthen the Brffcke,665/1378,0. Good for theweaknes& aking of the Back,452,3.6.454,3/707,1 To helpe the weaknes of the Backc, caufcd ofouermuch flowing of the v hites,<>27,d. A good HlBaWantefor greene wounds,3 27,3. A good Balfame to cure deepe wounds and pun£lurcs,288,z.a. To make 3H5ftrfCil,744,b. To make the Barrenfruicfull,291,1.1341,5 TocaufcBarrennes,97,c.744 ) b.970 ) b.979,3. A 215 atSj good for vlcers and running fores,1052,0. An effe&uall Bath for members out of ioinr, gout, and kibed heeles,6965k. For thofc that arcH5lear-etet>,26/. To make the 3 i 5 eati to grow quickly,949 .g. To fcoure away the feus uines of the Beard, 147,3. To caufc the haire of the Beard thac is fallen off to grow againe, 984,d. To driue away lice from the Beard,3 99,b. To procure haire in Bcardleflc men, 102,0. Againft 2 H>eate wornies,^ 53,0. Aprefent remedie for SDcaftfl! chapfallen,3 ,e. Againft biting* of venemous Bcafts, 519,0.138,0.140,3.5.250,0. 849,0.843,3.848^.882,5.267,0.351,d.355,a.385,a,422,b.457,b 495jd. 519,b. 529,0. 542,a, 560,3. 587,0.648,0.659,0. 728,e* 1000,b. To driue away venemous Bcafts, 529,0.389^.391^.529,0.545,a. 652,0. Totakcawayapinne, web, or any griefeclfe out ofa Bcafts eic, 7 ° 7 >g> Good againft the flinging of all maner of wildc Bcafts, 851,0. 824,6.266/495/. Tokillfowet footed Beafts,755,a.i22r,b. To kill all wildc Bcafts,82o,c. Toprderuefrom being hurt with any wilde& venemous Bcaft, 1129,^1248,0. To cure blickc and blew ©eating#/ 223 ,i. Good for drk Beatings, 536,3. 5 57, .971/5 987,b.996/7044,6. 1223,i. Tohelpe Beating of the hart,1082,1.1160,0. TokiilorfmootherllB #0,13870. To keepe a man that he be not hung with B'*es,787,3.1075,0. Good againft the flinging of Bees, 786,3.553/. 556,3.1075,0. 1223,k. To caufc Bees tokeepe togither,56c,c. 225 eeW more holfome than Ale,738/, To oaufeHUeicljingai,185,3775,0.1115/ Toconfumcorhelpe Belchings of theftomacke, 895,3.544,3. 6 i6,c. Good againft fowerBelchings,578,0,616,0. To breede wormes in the 10 elip, 6 o. To loole the Belly gently, 55,3 689,3.765,0.778^. 241,e.f 827,g. 257,a. 295,b. 897,3. 941,3. 32i,e, 952,3.529^.542,^578,11. 695.11983.3. 1042,0. 1050,8. b.io52,f.i083,g.1235,i.i242,a. 1246, f.1259, (1.1315,0.1324, c. To open the Belly mightily,770,01.407,3.714,3.720,3.1314,5. Againft the griping paines of the Belly, 23,5.53 ,b. 137,0! .751 ,a. 882.3. 891,0. 893,b. 895,5.301,c. 875,5.897,3.540,b. 553,k. 1009,0. 1073,3,1076,q, Againft the fluxeof theBelly,54/72,0.983,3 JookeFluxc. Toftaieorbinde the Bcllicgently,73,3445,5. To bindc the Belly mightily, 1251,5. Tofoften or make the Belly foluble, 250,0. 252,3.253,3.257,3. 930,6.311,e.423,6.467,5.512,5.529,6.548,3.604,5.648,0.655,0. 660,0.702,0729,a. 973,a.i 082,d,i257,g.i3i4,a.b.i3i5,c. To binde or ftop the belly,77,a.102,3.3185k. 677,5.5 692,3.984,2. 987,3.1050,6.1058,0.1144,0. 1154, b.1178/, 1232,5.0.1242,3. 1254,5.1256,5.0^. 1266,3.1270,3, 1288,a. 1289,0. 1314,f.g. I324,d.i334.h.i353j c - I 37°>a- ■To open the Bcllic of fuch as haue the dropfie,827,5 To dric a moift Belly,79,b. ToftrengthentheBclly,i354,b. To trouble the Belly,195,d.io52,d. To purge the Belly mightily of waterjfh and cholericke humors, 1086,b. 123 5,b.f.i. To purge the Belly of cholericke humors, 738^. 770,m. 262,8. 400,3.467,6.973 ,e. To purge the Belly of flcgmaticke and melancholicke humors, 28 2,C. , To breakc and fcatter the windines ofthe Belly,908, a. Good againft griping torments, gnawing or fretting cheBelly, 908,3.938,^ Toopcn the Belly and purge colde flcgmaticke and cholericke humors,410,g. To ripen and breakc 25 ile 0 , 6 i,a.i35,g.7io,e. To draw and hcale Biles,60.h. 20tr!)liUtC inwardly taken is deadly, 1170,f.i 156,6. Good againft poifon of Birdlime 1075,0. To retaine the and giue it life,624,a. Tohaftcnor biingfoorth the Birth,53,0.862,5^48,5874,5.961,5 1019.5.1065.3.1239.5. Todeftroy thcBirch/96/.2io,a,i2i8,e. Tobringfoorrh the dead Birch, 124,6.657,6.893,.3.946,5.546,3. 1076,51172,0.1178,5. Againft vntimely Birth,624,3.962,0 .5 For Citings of ferpents, 47,0.74,3.882,3.871^.868/, 323,8. 949,5 95 i.a. 535 ,5.557,0-977,0.989,(1.1009,f. 1065,5.1154,0. 1180, 5 .1202,e.i 221,b. 13 05,d. 1327,d. To remedie the Biting of the ferpent Ccraftcs, 1055,0,1172, n. Toctire the Biting of a mad dog, 26,a.6o,a. 135,5849,6.851,3. 8 4 8 »g. 35 i ,d. 553/ 560.I1, 566,a. 578/. 665,6.1009,5 1235,1. 1257,n. 1305/.1328,m. To helpe the biting of venemous bcafts, 529,0.50/. 74,a.i40,b. 250,0.854,1.848,g. 882/. 267,g, 318,3,874/. 875,0.323,3. 421,5.542,3.1009,51052/. 1069,5u84>5i20o,a,i223 /.i2i7,f. 1349.5. To take away thel 5 lacfetifgfofany ftrokeovbruifcon the face, 74,a. Toraifevp 2 i 5 la&tier 0 on theskin, 8l I,a. To cure the wounds of the Bladder,95 8,a. Good for the vlccrs of the Bladder ,95 8/. Good againft the painesofthe Bladder, 81,a. 831,5.984/. 1329,0.1346,3. Good againft the ftonein the Bladdery3 ,a. 557,3.487,3.572,1. H 54 .d. Tocure theinflammationof the Bladdery 18,51333.3. To purge rotten matter by the Bladder, 586/. Againft the (loppings of the Bladder,888,3.895,3.869/. 428/. 444,6.463/. Good for the Bladder,23,a,834,b.869,d.87i,3.907,0.955,3.419,0 729/.1318.3. To elenfe or fcoure the Bladder,5oa/.586,d. 8S6/.693 ,3. To helpe the painesofthe Bladder,526,d.665 ) c.984,kii33 ,m. Excellent good againft exulcerarion of the Bladder, 765,6,341/ Toopcn the (loppingsofthe Bladdcr,444,0.470,0.535,e. Hui tfulho the B!adder,i o4g,d. To take away JHJIaflingS,790,5,908/. To healc Blaftings of the eies, 1150/. To flop 25 l# 3 >ing at the nofc,fec Nofc. To ftanch ouermuchBleeding after the bitingofthe horfclcacb, 1038,/. ToftopBleeding,803,a.283,3.899,5.340,3. 962,3.968,3. 9S9/ 1059/7083,£1.1102,3.1144,0.1195,0.1288/1326/ To ftop all kindsof Bleeding,255,8.839,a,915,3.1091,3.1145,0. 1207/. To ftanch Bleeding of wounds, 754,0. 803,3. 890,3/. 389/ 13 75 > c - To (lay Bleeding in any part of thebodie, ai5,a. 318/ 915,3. 9 58/728,a/, 1082/.1164/. To take away 5?,291/445/. To take away thcBlcmifhesof the skin,754/722,3.1281,q. To takeaway brufed or other Blcmilhc* ofthe face,iSy,h 326/, 696/12 57,m. To take away Blemifnes in other parts of thebodie,1257,m. To take away theliEtojOllCSof anyftrokeor bruife on the face, 47,3.301/. Good for©UllCV$ ; ,i255,a. To raife a Blifter,8n,a.8i 5,3.618/. 1017/. To healc Blifters in the CDouth,i 150/. NottofuftcrBliftersto rife in burned or fealded partes, 1150/. 1277,3. Good toincrcafe 2 Bl 005 , 3 O,e. Good for ifiues of Blood,340,a/.feelflues. To diffolue cluttered Blood, andtokeepeit from congcalingin the bodie,i9 5/849,0.459,a. 507/. To ingender good and pure Blood,654,573 J/1042/. To ingender thicke Blood, 1252/. T© \-A Table of the Nature , Danger, and Verities. To ingender naughtie s rav*e, or cold Bloot?, 138/. 140,b. 180/ 7684.10444.11444. To heale Bloodie wound*,794,a.!oo!<e Wounds. To di iue out by fiege vnprofitablc Blood.i 50,0. Goodfortifuesof Blood, 3404 /.looke llfucs. To ingr ndcr grofle and cold Blood, 178,a.786.1053, b. To cool? 2nd temper the inflamed Bloody 2a,0.419,0.1149,b. To dilLlue clotted and congealed Blood in foch as arc brufed with falling from high places, 841/8434.2794. 362, a. To helpe vomiting of Blood, 505/ fee Vomiting. To clenfe or purge the Blood, 738/930/624/ 1243, d. To diffolur 01 Icattcrcongcaled and clotted Blood, 7594.195/. 8544.8494.841/8434.8824.27943524.3624.4224.459/ 5074/5204.5404.629/421,1.722,0. 102(7,c. 1 2234. To ingertder wa tenth Blood,7684. To ftanch Blood,794,a. By purgingtobring foorth Blood, 769, a. 207.1052/. To ltav Blood coromingfrom the kidneies/784. To pur 1 fie or clenfe the Blood from all coiruptton, 504,3. 314/. 930/4604.10044 738/930/1243/. To drawc foorth Blood by vrine,! 052,0/. Good againft the Bloodic 01^0,899,3,388, 3.413^.45 2,a. To flop the Bloodieflixc,i 02 ,b. 5 o 5 /. 7 8 !?>d/ 79 0 >g'° 01 / 2 ' , 5 / 860/ 840/. 841,3. 845,3. 8874. 890,0. 312,b. 314/.3184, 911,3. 915,3.321/323/. 329/. 958,b,c. 388,' .41 9/. 535/ 55r,a,624,d.63Q,b/38,d 674,a.728,a, b.989/. 1050/. 1102,3, 1x454.1 2444/1 256/4.12704.1314,14.1 375/ To cure the Bloodisflixe,890,e.3 74,g.318,k.524,0.535/576/. Good againft {petting ofblood,3004.3 144.318,3,0.899,3 907,0 419/. 4364.5524.4544. 563 4.478, 5.6244/6654.1025/ J 244, 3/. 12544.1257, 9.1264,0.1375/. To helpe fuel: as Jpe t Blood, 60/,802,b.215, 0.840,0.89 o,c 340/. 4 X 1,5,661,3.1025/. Good for thofe that piffc Blood through the difeafes of the kid- ncies, 576,3. Good for thofe that pifie Blood, 40/744/ 2154. 840,6. 907,3. 340/45 2,3.454,3.578,g. j 244,3/. To helpe piffing of Blood, 1025,0.1375/. To flop fpetting of Blood which hath long continued, 138,6. 748/. 1 184,01. To prouoke25ol»!tc!uft,5 5,3.754,3,193/974.15 5,0.445/. To alay outragious luff of the Bodie,4i9,e.iee Luff. To con fume the fupoifluous humors of the Bodie,557,3.411,g. To confumcexcrcfccnccin any parr of the Bodie, 72,3. Good for the Bodies of them that are drawen backward,988,a. To make the Bod:c cofliuc,i254,c. Good for the annointmgof thcBodieaf;erbathing,747,a. To fill the Bodie with flatuous or windie belrhings,775,e. To healc the Bodie being hurt within by brufin2,578,1. To open and fcourc the flopped paflagesof the Bodie,779,a. To kill or poifon the Bodie,860,g. To defend the Bodie from allmanncrof corruprion.410/ To coole and nxoiflen the Bodie, 702,6.1082,15.1383/. To make the Bodie folub/xjS/ 786.259,3.571,3 .6 54/. 702,6. 1027,3/1082/1257/ 13244. To nourilh Bodies conftimcd,12484. To make any part of the Bodie fmooth,6o/ To purge the Bodie from congealed or clotted blood,1337,0. To heate the Bodie before the fits of an ague, 949, d. To fill the Bodie full of raw humors,13344. Toheate the Bodie toomuchprcxtremcly,i38,f.i4o,2. To preferue the Bodie in the time of pcftilencc from lnfeflion, 840/56.1 25 2,c. To make the Bodie well coloured,7324.1184,5. Toftrengrhcn ar.d nourifhthc Bodie in great mcafurc, 1554. 169,3.7324. To Ioofc obftru&ions of the Bod 10,463/. 53 r, a. To keepe the Bodie folublc,738,3. To corrcft and take away the rankefmcil of the whole Bcdi 1013,3/4. To preferue dead Bodies 770,!. Tobindc the Bodic,io82,k. Good for the Bodie benuromed or growen col/7444. To make the whole Bodie faire and deane, 105 2,7. To purse the Bodie gently of chclcrike humors and tough clam- mie flegme,z66,a. Hurtfull to the whole Bodie, 1017/ To couer 2 H 50 ttCfl- that are bare,with flcfli,54/851/89 ;/ To glue togirher broken Bones inf.yortfpacc/^S.c, ' Toknit broken Bones,759/,g.i 244/. TodrawcoutbrokenBoncs, 544. 899,m. 445,m. 638/ 65^4, 6984.7204.722. . To heale broken Bones fpecdily, 12894. To drawe foorth corrupt and rotten Bones out of fores and vl- ccrs// 7/ To ripen and breakel&otdjffS,624.394,3,13 28/. To ripen and breakc peftiiemiall Bounce, 1474.854/, To cure and difloluc Botches, 854,3. 849/. 2&.J ,a. 2884. 899/, 1009/. Toripcn Botches that will haidly be brought co fuppuration, 8584. T o c u re the woti nd s o f the 213 OK d0,9 5 8, a. Toe 3 feorcurcthewringing,gnpnsgpaincanJ tormentsof the Bowels,509/5 24,0.553/ Howto make IBjtcaD light, andcaufcit foonerto be leauencd, , 73 8 >- 1 Hurtfull to the IS^aitt&Ef,844.1244.1404. Good forthe Brainc,6 24/1 1114.13464. To comfort the Braine,iin,c.i 2444.1317,g.1346/ To helpe the turning or fwimlvung of the Brainc, 469, b,c, 7 20,c. To comfort the cold,weske andfecble Braine,iiu,s. To purge the Brainc,899,0,8544.399/638/854,0.84940.357/ 484,13.11164. .1 ■. To waimc and dric theBrainc*,524/1110,a. To open th: (loppings of the Brain:,5 24/460,5.1307,3. A remedic againfl cold dileafes of the Brainc, 540,3.6x94. To cure 2 f»jcalung 0U£ in the whole bodie,314/. Againfl all manner Breaking-out in the head/ 53/. Good againflthe floppingof the21P;caffi,9514.465/ Good for fuch as arc flopped in the Brea 11 with tough flegtceor corrupt matter,190/.63 5,a 9 5 1,3. To increafc milke in womens Breads, 178/. looke Nurfss breafts, Todiffolue the hardnes of womens Brcafl 5,4 2 2/4234. To make fmoothrhe roughnes of the Breaft,3 5.a. Againfl paincsofthebrcafl, 57.3.66/899,g.ic27,0.1073, 3 * To flake fwellings in womens breafts,604. To caufe or incrcafc milke in nurfes, Brcafts,232,b.659,b.877,b.d 878,3.11254.6. To cknfe and fcourc the Breaft. 647/661,6,459/. 5194. 5634. 6614.8804.8994.1027,0. To purge the Breaft offlegme and mc!ancho!ie,iii5,n. To purge the Breaft from grolfc and thickc humors, 546/ 649/1. To heale all outward and inward woundsefthe Breaft/^.2. To alfwagc great Breafts and dric vp the miUcc,7?6,a. To breake i.npoftumes of the Breaft without peril!, 667/. Good againft inflemmationof the Breaft,701,!. Good for the flopping of the Brea ft, 1007, a. 107 3, a. 12484. To helpe womens Breafts w herein milke is cluttered,1051,q. To caufe a ftitskinglBtcatb/c/*;/ Good againft,or to amend a {linking Breath,938,6.410/1013/ 1 ,g. 13 41 /. 13 46,3.x 3 544. Good for fuch as cannot take their Breath vnlelTe they fit or ltandc vprighr,and hold their j’.zcks ftrojght vp, 869/ 949,3. 557/460/5724.6494. To make a fivcetc Breath, 304. 83 o/uic/. 1244,2. 1281,5. 13494.C.13544. Good for ihortnes of Breath,47/66,b. 137/190/7444.7544 7664.3184.890/8974.8994. 9514. 436,3. 459.3. <314. s864.649,a.i.698/.729,d.730,i.i 248,6. TohdpcfhortnesofBrcatn, 8564. 8934. 926,3. 465/6484. 667 /.e.n 84 ,m. To remooucdtfficul tic of Breathing, 1244.279/. 8 58/. 897/. Good for thofe that arc JiipJOftett or hurt inwardly ,630,6- 987,3. 1 o helpe Broken winded c attic,3 5 24.13 78,3. To knit Broken bone‘,759,g. To helpe inward 23£ttfc0,7594.2794.536,3. To helpe thofe that arc Brufed with gricucus beatings or fak, 574.2794 919,d,557/.6484.962,b.987/. 1223/ To helpe Brufcs,5 574.616,6,8494,6984. 1304,h. To rake away any Brufc in fnort 'pace,758/, ■ Againfl Brufingsofthc cares, 1055,0. Good for Brufcs gotten by ftripes or fals, 759,g. 841/ 279,3. 5124,9714, GgS?g J To gA 'table of the N at ureter tue^aad Darners. To ripen venercous 5 Sub.onCj 6 t in the flanks or (hare, 394,3. ijiS,d. To refolue and coneoft 2 S 5 ttt?c!)C 0 j 6 o, g. To code the hot 2 E tuning of the huer,22 2,3, Iookc imflamma- tion of the Liuer. TohcaleBurning with fire, 42,3. H4,b, 13 5,kj2<>i,k. 435 ,’cl. 7°7,k.ic? 5,c. 1099, b. 12705b. Good for Burnings, 91,0,149,6.0. 242,5.278,2.285,3. 288,7;. 413,0.433,6.625,3. 709,b.968,3. 1178,3. 1210,b. 1235,1. 123 8,c .12 6 <) ,k.i 3 o 5 ;d. To takeaway the heat ofBurning with fire or gunpowder,! 3,5^?. . 278,0.412,b. • .. . To cu rc ali maner ofBurnings,273,a .43 5 jb.63 8,g.66i,.c,708,a 1278,6. Good again ft all iButHm JS, 318,0.897, d, 919 ,d .3 27, 3 .410,3 . 4?6,a. 535,3. 536,2, 545, a. 577,3. 649^. 661,c.i. 698,b. 962.3. Good for thofe that are Burden by falling from fomc high place, 749/-3 5 2 > b - 554 , 5 ,_ 962 ,a. _ • ■ Good far Burftings that come ;by falling downs of the gws, 1262,1?. A good medicine for thofe, that arc Burftcn,762, ’0,291, a. Good for to bat’aBui dings that are hard to be cured, 1227, f. To helpe or cureBurftmgs. 57, a .88,£793,6,802,6.291, a,3 5 2, b. 978,3.714,3,661,2.1196,6. For Burftings in yoong children, 97,d,897,d,i026,b. looke Ente- rocele or the ricn and ruptures. Tohealc the inward Bui'fiings,7S7,c .507,3,509,0.5 54,3.649,6 660.3. To cure Burftings that haue bccnc of long continuance,793,6, c C Goodforexulccrated Catl&CFS, 863,3. Good for the Cankers inthccics called in Grccke C«rci- ' nornata, 250 , 6 . To caufe Cankers,1050,5. A good medicine ag.ainii Cankers, 745,£684,d. A water to walh Cankers in the mouth,624,e.r 209,3, Tohealcfpreadingcr eating Cankers, 501,3,689,6. Good for,or to cure Cankers in the tnouth,3 66,a ,371 ,b,6j 6,a. 94 i ,c. To ftaie Cankers from increafing or creeping farther, 72,d, 689,b.d. S4I3C. To cure Cankers,301,0. To keepe Cankers from putrefa£ion and {linking, 863,3. Good againft ©ai'bUIlCle.S, 288,7.1x86,d. To breake Carbuncles 250,(£1052,6. To breake cr ripen peuilemiall Carbuncles 147,0.854,6. To take sway or hcaie Carbuncles 40,8^.1052,h.i 225,h. To fiaicthclpreading nature of a Carbuncle, and caufc his ve- nemoos matter to breake foorth by the pores 815,6. To dilTolue and cure peftilentiali Carbuncles 849,6. Tohealc Carole^ 1194, d. Good for the CarGwcw^, which is a Canker of the cies,250,6. To preferue Carcsfc0,from putrifieng, 4x0,6. Ag a i n ft t he Caialtpfit^x 5,c. To refrefn thole that haue the Catalcpfie 468,3. An excellent C*tapt*fiM,4 47,0. Excellent good againft nil tlDatCSrtJjCS, 897,6.288,n.r.524,d. To ftop or expreffe Catarrhcs that fall from the braincs into the lungs, 298, h. 524, d. To cure or helpe Catarrhcs, 926,d. Ciltnall copulation,878, d.lee bodilv lull. To make a faire CatTOttOB colour 1 23 2yd. To kill Cattle 622,c. To glue and fodder togither broken bones in Cattle 758,e. Noifome toCattle 424. c. How to cure ccrtainc dilcafes that Cattle are troubled with, 826,827. To caufc female Cattle to be dcT-uercd of their yoong ones, 89 3,c. To cure Cattle of the cough of the lungs 569, d. 630,1". i, 77 ' 8 ,a. Row co make Cattle fat and luftie quickly 941,0. TohclpcCattle that arc troubled with the cough, and arc bro¬ ken winded,3 52,0. To hcale CJjapS of the fundament - ,1006,b. For Chaps betweene the fingers, 9373d. To hcalc the Chaps of the fcctc and hands proceeding of cold 6o,k. b y To cure Chaps in thepalmcsof the hands orfeer, that bekinne to the French pocks,69,6.859,c. Good for the Chaps of rhefccte andhceles,i37,f. Tohelpc thcChapsof the fundament,371,3. For Chaps of bcafts a prefent remedies,e. For Chaps of the lips.n 52,2.x 255,3. To healcChaps ofthehands and fccte } H90,k, To make one Cl)afte,674,c,f. Good for one that would liuc Chafte,x 202,a. Good for the Cljeft,7 29,d 908,c.i 2 56,c,d. Toclenfcthe Cheftof thicke tough humors and rotten matter 195,c.2o8,b 4 45,e. 535,3.571,3. 5 7 8,b. 586,3. 984, c .x 24 S,c! 1 256^.1 2 57 ,k. Tohelpc theCheft that isinflamed,76q,c.705,b. To take away hoarfnes of the Cheft, 701,3. Hurtful! to the Cheft,12 52,b. Toconcodrawe humors of the Cheft,12 4 ,b.x38,b.572^.729,d. 73 °>>- Hunfull totheChcft,1307,0. To cafe the paine of the Cheft caufcd of winde,6i7 ) f. To cure long infirmities of theCheft,ii7 4 ,a. To caufc humors that fticke in the Cheft to be cafily voided 684.6 6S6,3.1051,3. Good for C 5 )ilt)blane 0 of thefecrc and heelcs,i37,f. To dnue foorth the dead Ct)tlDe,o22,c.looke Dead. Good againft wormes in yoong Children hauing an ague ioyned therewith,419,b. Tokiii the Chddc in the mothers wombe, 195,0. 696,6. 1194,3. 1224, m. ' To beget tnalc Chi]drenji58,a. To c auic a worn a n t o be a r c w; fe Chi f d rcn,i 2643d, 1 o bringfixmh male Children,43,6.85,0. To cure agues in yoong Child ten,463,a. To nourifli thcChildc in the mothers wombe, 1333,b. H ,<w to caufc a fucking Childe to hauc a good colour,232,b. To kill wormes in yoong Children,3,0. fee Wormes. Deadly to Chi!drcm,27o,b. To helpe the red gum and frets in Chi!drcn,2i8,c. Againft agues and feuersinycongChildren,702,1x1.705,3. Good for yoong Children that are like to haue the falling fick* nes,88o,d. How to make Children to pifTc wc!!,89 5, TocurcC!)Uik0inrhe hands or fcctc, that haue great affinitic with the French pocks.69 ,b. To heals Chinks in the hands and feet xceedingof cold,60,k. To drawc foorth Cooler vehemently,47,6.50,3.766,8.434,3. To purge yellow and blacke Choler,827,a. Tcirepreflc Choler that is in ch; ftoroackc, 1281,1. To purge Choler, 53,6.318^. 400,3.4x0,3.899,0. 542,6.702,5;. 718,.>.720,6.972,a, 1215,0.1317,<£1217,a.123 s,b. To purge Choler vpward and downward,207,-3.210,a. Naught for Cholcrikc perfons.x3 5,b. 138,0. To.-tuoidcCholer by the ftoole,738,c. 743,3.897,3.385,3.397,9. 434 . 3-43 ^-437.6.463,3.1083, b. Good againft Cholcr,840,g. To cooh vnnaturall and hot burning Choler,66,9.768,3.1317,5. 1368,3. To cauie the Cholerike paffion,775>b. Good to die r-r colour ClQtS),395,b. TokecoeCloshesfrom moths,520,b.xin,1,1228,3.13 51,c. Good to die woollen Clothes with,X037,r. To cure the falling of the nuts into the CoT>S,839,d. To abaterhe fweliingof the Cods,57,d. To take away the f.vcllings of the Cods,908,6.1073,6. Good againft CoBJC and hoarfnes,288,n. Good againft Coldnes ofthe fincwes,X349,f. Good againft the extreme Coldnes of thcbodie, 4 oo,d. Good againft Coldnes cither through a Iongdifcalcor bysge, 73 Gb. Good againft Coldnes in the ftomacke,6i6.c. Good for the Crrliacfecpaffion,! 167,0. To helpe the Collections of hum ors,s 7,3. A remedic for the ColtS euill,1073,6. To cafe the painc of thcCoItcfcC in the bcllie,69,9.770,0.843 3*9, c. of Table of the Nature, Verttic and Dangers. 3 29,0.400/445,1.650,a. 7 24,b.ioco,3.1156,a. Good againft the Colickc and ft one,849,11.616,3.650,3. To take away the paine of the Colicke prefetuly,97,1.915,cl. To ceate she gripmgs and paines of the Colicke,529,0,445,1. To helpe the Colicke, 115,g. 188/891/ 2 88,x. 291,3/310,3, 874,c.875,b.333,a.40o,b.iooo,a.ioo7,a.i 074,0.1156,3.1257,g To reftort Colourdccaicd,30,c. Tocakeawavthc bad Colour cotr.mir.gof the yellow iaundife, 542/606,0.609,1.695,0, To caufe 2 good Colour lathe face, 124, c. 568, / 1051, £13 244. 1 - 349 ,c. To make afairc yellow Colour,: 155,0. To make a deepe greene Colour,115 5,b. To colour tellies,wincs.and meats of a purple Colour,266,c. A profitable Collets for theeics,8 7 / Hurtful! to a hot CompIe£t 3 !l,i 4 0 /- TheCompoGttOtt Stngu'ts Ventr'n feruing for deepe pundurcs or wounds,657,g. Tohindcr Concept! OH, 553 , 5 - 979 , a ' ic f 7 ,c. To hclpc Conception, 72/,263 /.8 7 4,d. To helpe COitCOCttOtt m the ftomacke,848,5.8924.879,3. 560, g. 732,0,1.735,0. To bcale tiie Cor.dilomata or infirmities of the fundament",54,/ To remooue (toppings of the Cont)U(t0,3 i8,g. To clenfs the Conduits of the windpipe 984,0. Todiflolue Congealeh blood commingof btuifings or (tripes, 362.1. (00 Blood. Confemc of Rofes with the force thereof,1083,0. A cor(ii3i!Conferuc ) 473,a. Good againft or to hclpc a ContUiUptiOtt, 1121,1. 1184,01. 13 46,11, A (peciall rettiedic for the Confumption of the lungs, 124, c. 795 ,c. 883 ,g. 563 ,d. 596 ,a 987 ,a.ii 74 > f.i 223 ,c. A med icine tor Confumption of the backc.66i,e. Good forthofe that are entringinro aConfumption,i334.g. Good for fuchasare fallen into a Confumption,or haucthefca- ucrHc£tiquc,x 69,2.514/ To cure the Contraction of (inevves, 897,0.420,3.546,0. looke Shrinking of finewes. For COlttiUlftOnSor ihrir.king of finewes^o/ 47,0.5o,b. 54,h. 57,3.87,(1.849,1.0.318,3,0.897^.919^.352^.457,^540/545, a. 5 57/573/63 8,0.649,0.698/4.1000/. To hclpc Conimlfions, 557,0. 789/291,3.0.436,0.569,'0.648,0. 1069,^.1346,0. To purge Corruption Of blood by (toale,46o,c. Againit Corruption of the aire, 1190/1328,0. Torcmoouc Corruption,698,0. Hurtfull to Cojtt?, 69. , Tocaufe cheCOJ!iC0of thefeete cofall away tnfcwdaics,i50,f 4i 3 ,g.l206,c. To take away Corncs,854/1206,0. A CsunterpitiuUagain!! deadly niedicines,poifonouJ herbes, biting and Ringing of vcnemois beads,1075,0. Totake away the Cough, 35j a -53jh, 87,!.-. 115,5, I98,b.854,d. 893,a.897/.563,0,661/11903b, Good againft the Cough, 178,0,75/0,862,11.284,0,298,11.869,(1, 9583d.436,3. 445,e,4<9,3. 514/.532,a. 624,0. 649,1.702/ 730.1, 684/985/. 1007,3. 1025,3,1073,3.1076,(^.1120,0, 1154/ .125 5,e,i 257,0. x26o/.i328,b, N aught for tiieCough,X25a,b. Good againit the Cough of the 10075,519,0.1388,3. To ripen the Cough andbringfoorthfi:T.mc,ii jo, 3 ,b. To helpe the Cough in cattell,352,0. Againit an inueceratcCousthnf the lungs,1184,111, Good for the Cough caufed of a thin rheume,667,b, Gopdfor a drie Cotigh,ii2i,n. Good againit a cold and IbngCough/^jg. Good for ail old Cough, 47/87/, 137/-141,2,185,0,1.504,a, 261,a,d,288,v. 8804.535,3. 542,0.563,8,586,8.630,0.649,a* 724/.1174/11904. Aremcdieforold Coughes,26i 5 d,a.465,b.648,d.ii74,3.i257,r, xj2 4 ,i. Againit the chin Cough in yoong children, 5 05,d,572,c.i 190,0, 137 *. To ripen an old Cough,775/, GoodagainfttheCrampc, 47^.50/. 53,3.88/ 84.9/897,0, 899,f.9io,d.352,b. 420,3.436,8. 540/545,3, 578/. 638,0, 649,h/jS/jC,989,0,996,0,icoOjb,10x6,3,1 207 , 1 , 1 223/. Good againit cold Cramps,73 5,e. To helpe Cramps, 88/557,0. 789/291,3,0.318,0,897/1.949,1, 436,0.546,0.578,8,569, b.9S7,a.io69,g.ii90.b. To kill all lining Cr£atUrC0 3 820,0.822,3. To glue togithci Cut# atadcabouuhe vaines/newe?, and ten¬ dons,1-14,3. Good for (light Cuts,9193b. D D anger, 24,0.72/. 84,3.85,2. I 3 i,d,i 35 ,m. 769,9.815/ 207j 860,5.824,3. 269,3. 270/. 274/. 285/. 298,d,c,f. 209, 902,3,0.399,f-4.08/.424,c.445,0.472 .612,a.696.718,a,b.ioi7, h.i 076 ,r.ii 7 o/.i 2 i 7 ,c.i 22 i,a.T 386 , 3 .i 387 ,d. To take away ©snUjaf, 141,£1-027,i. To fcourc away Dandraf of the head,1227/ Againit ©arHne0 of the I)ghr,55,3,888,0.537/, Again!! the venomous fiiot of ‘iDartfi,854,1. To expel! the IDeaSchildc/x/.rSa,£897/422,0.429,3,459,a. 527,9.546,3.557,0. 563,11.617,0. 65 24.65 7/. 720/ 1044/. IO72,3,1076,3.1194,3. Toe aufe © ca fries',3 4,e. Good againft Deafncs,770/288/ Arcmedie again(l Deafhes,250/. 1009/12^3,d. How ©cere arc preferued from the (tinging of let penes,871/ How they cure themfeiues beingv.oundcd, 6 5 2/ To fcourc away the ©efo^mitfeg of the skin, 759/,444,3.736,/ To clenle or take away Dcfm nnties of the faxe,94/. 149,01.765/. I 5 > 3 : r / 79 /- 7 S 6 ) cl.ii 58 ,h. Tocaufe vmimcly ©ClUier-inCC of chiide, 970/, looke Aborc- nrictic. To caufe. eafie and fpeedic Dcliueranccin cliildc bearing, 72/ I 47/-744> a - z 9 I ,d.89 7 /.563/.648 ,(.69 5,0.1329,0. ViMnUniinihatjh ecompofition,558,l. l)icuar:hi.mnn,n oompofition good to purge the dropfie,1007/ Againft ©ijJttuttic of making water, 23/. >88,f. 760,3.261,3. 729/.869,0.075,3.919,c.949. a. 422, a. 5 20,a. 540/. 548,0.648,(1 1019,c.i 186,c.i 276,0.1383,0. Againit the Difficulticof breathing, 279/958,/ 430,3.744,3. Ioo7,a.IG 7 6,q.1121 ,i.I223 ,c. To helpe or make good ©*.gdftOTT,30,0.554.1884.190,3.1934. 855/.860,3/849/.848,5.8914.293 .b. 8 7 9,a/.352,e.553,h. 649 5 c/73 z ,<m 184,m. 1270,0.1346,0.1349,d.1352,a. To caufe JDttttBJp of light, 135,111.10 50/. Good againft the Dimnes of the eies, 249,3.495,0.85 8,b. To take or clenfe away the Dimnes of the tics,57,0 512/. 53 2/. 548/627,3. 938/ 249,3.537/. 549,3.627,3. 629,d.io 7 4/ 0 1247/1557/. Tocureold and cold©ifcafe0,897,0.899,0.711,3. A gain ft Difcafes proceeding ofiiegmcand coidhumors,72i,3. For Difcafes ofthe matrixes,3.732,i.i02 7 /,q.i223/.i238 1 c. Tohelpe cold Dileaf:»oftheni.itnx,io65,b. 7 ’o cocde Difrafes proceeding of h?ai 0,4714.215/. Good againft the D/eafes of the head commingof coldcaufes, ^470/540,3. GoodfhrDifcafesarnngof mclancholie,11164. Good for the Difcafes or t he fp’ccnc. 529,d. 7 44,0.460/5.529,/ / 54 z /,657,0.979,3.1129,0. For Difcafesof thekidneks, 657,0 ii2c,c. For Difcafos arifingof furfer,1133,0. For mclancliolikc Difeafes,ii6o > d. For thcDifeafe called the Mother, 1X90/.1223/. For Difcafesof the ltomacke,x 123,5. For Difcafes of the imraj!es,i24,e. Againft all peftilenr,venomous,and infectious Difeafes,i28i,i. Againft Difcafes of the gum 11,1306,3. Againft Difcafes of the bladder,23,0.318,2.497,0.869,d.1223,5/ Good againft all co'd Difcafes in thebodic,i354/. Good ag.iitift all cold Difc afesof the inward partes.3 52,0. For all cold Difcafes that be of hard curation,3 57,1. Tohelpe Difcafes that cro w of flcgmc,rawe humors andwinde, 554 , a - Againit Difcafes of the bre a ft,288,n.460/.63 2,3.63 5/63 8, i. Good againft all Difcafes of the head,899,0.540,a. For difcafes of the lungs,339/. 318,3.657,0.744,0.632,3.635/. 638/663,3. Good for Difcafes of the milt, 529 ,d.869,d.463 ,b.529,d. 1128,0. Ggggg z Againft o/ 'table of the Nature 3 Vertue 7 and Dangers. Againft any'Difeafe growing by occafion of the fplecne, 460, f. Good againft Difeafcs happening in the mouth and throte, 37 °,a. Good for all inward Difeafes,8^,a. Againft theDifeafeof thcminde,833,d. HowtohelpetheDifeafeof the lungs, cough, wheefings,&c. in cactell,826,827,569^.630/. A remedic againftpeftiIentDifcafcs,849,k. 840,8. 847,6.355,3. 587,0.701, 01.1065,6,1281, >.1368, a. Good againft all Difeafes that proceede of cold,770,0. Good for hot Difeafes,318,1. Good againft theDifeafcsof thefplcene. 744,0, 318,a. 657,0. i« 3 » 6 * A remcdie againft womens Difeafes,527,3. To cure hot Difeafes of the kidneies and bladder,674,d. A reroedie for dangerous Difeaies,770,h. Good againft all Difeafes of the finewes,638,0. Goodagainftthe Difeafesof theliuer,839,b.i223,g. A remcdie for the cold Difeafes of the braines,540,a. To mooue womens Difeafes in great abundance, 892,3. Againft Difeafes that proceede of choIcr,7i9,g. To ftay the Difeafe in women,233,3.115 8,g.lec Termes. A remcdie for 2 DifTme 0 ,288,^69,6.1299,0. Againft JDtftcmperature of the ftomacke and breaft,t349,f. Good againft hot and lharpe 5 DtfttUati 0 nS into the eics and other parts,283,a.1149,a. To reprefle Diftillacions that fall from the brains into the lungs, 298,0,6524^. For Diftillationsof humorsfrom the head, 1190,1. Tocurethebitingof a mad 3D-0JJ,26,a.6o, 849,0.848,g.35 2 ->d. 566, a.578, d.^5 ,b. 1052, h,i23 5,1.1305, d. Good againft the biting of a mad Dog,13 5,f. 851,3. 553 ,£ 56 0 jh. 66 o,d.ioo9 ,f.i 23 8,e.i 252,6 To kill Dogs,755,a.293,a.6z2,d. Good againft the bitings of the fca SDjSgOtt,938,6 Againft 3 D£att)Utg awrie of finewes,420,8. Tohelpe Drawingtogither of finewes,88,f,420,8.436,8.445,6 5 46,0.897,0.947 ,e.949,a.i 223 ,f. To caufe troublefome and terrible 3 Dj£attte 0 > 138,f. 140,3. 1050,1. Good againft melancholike Dreames,833/. To put away venereous Drcames,674,g. Againft the iDjtnrfTe of the lungs,504,a. AiDjtilfegtocurc the blackeiaundife,ii33,p,q. A conuenient Drink: for tertian agues,74,b. To caufe1Djanlienne0,7a,b.84,a, 85,a.i 228,3.1337,3. To preferueorkeepefrom Dronkcnncs, 241,d. 249,c. 1223,01. 1227 ,f,I 257 ,l. Tohelpe the JDjoppftTe, that is pitting by drops, or drop after drop,57,a.90 2,a.414,0.452,d.454,c. 53 5 ,e. 1 27 6 > z ' To helpe thofe that are entringintoa iDjtopftc, 532,a,524,f. 540,b.1019,0.1076,1).1202,b. Good againft the Dropfie 40,d. i37,d. 689/. 766,0.f. 854,,c 849,0.862,b. 279. 288,x.877,6880,6334,3.338,3,357,3. 400, b. 40 8, 8,424,6 467,0.524,^69 1,3.722,3.1007,3.1133,0 d.e.i2i6,b.c.i235,c.f.i 238,3.^.13 28,0.1350,8. Toheipeor cure the Dropfie, 29,a. 53,b. I47,h. 314/. 869,d, 874,0.941,0. 438,0.529,3. 849,i.542,a.624,d.691,0.996.0. 1223,11,1235,1.1238,^.1341,0. To purge gently by vrine and fiege fuch as haue the Dropfie, 279 ,c.d. 4 z 6 ,b. A remedie for the dropfie proceeding of a coldecaufe 141,0. Good for the Dropfie called in Greeke •fero aa, press,&c 1074,6 ToprouokejD^oisjGneflf 32,b.d.28i,a. To cure the fores of the iDug0 J 75i,b, Good for wounds of the Dugs,794,a. Good for vicers of the Dugs,291,6794,3. Tokeepedownemaidens Dugs,803,a, To cure the inflammations oftheDugs87,c.fee Paps. To alay the fwellingsofwomens Dugs 91,b. Tocaufe heauie IDillncCTe, 10 52 3 d, Todriue away dulncffe,654,0 Toftay and cure 1 heH>pfcntcric which is afluxeof thebellie, 501,a. 502,b. 333,a. 445,1. 388,0.! 514,e. 1156,0. 1167,0. I 292 ,c,f.i 383 ,b. To helpe the JDpffuue or great painc to make water 3,a. Ice difficukae ofmakingwatcr. E Ood for mattering Car60,938,k.709 .c.i 180,b. VJ To mitigate or cure the paines or the Care0, i38,d.26i,d. 34Dg.54Gf-573,c.i035,f.i074,i.1108,c,1223,d.i303,e. ? ’ To healc running eares 1152,8. Good for the noife or humming in the Eares,i3 8,d,7o6,a, To heale old vlccrs in the eares,709,c. To take aw3y the ftcnch and corruption of the Eares, 738,0. To ripen hard fwellings behinde the Eares, 11703b. Good againft fingingofthe Eares,77o,i.860,1. Good for the paine of the Eares proceeding of heate.,778,a. To helpe the inuoltmtarie Cffuftatl of naturall feede 5?,c 66i,d, 5 To helpe the dropping of the CiC 0 ,26,'0,3 47,3.1037^. GoodtobclaidevponburningEies, 702,e. Good for watering or running Eies, 60,d, 347,3.512,f. 55j,d. 5 ^ 3 >g- I0 37 , n.1083, e.ii79,d.i305,b.i3 5 i,b. To mitigate the paine in theeies, 282/. 549,3. 6z2,b. 629,0. 630,8, To ccafe the painc in fore Eies and ftaic the hot humors from falling into them, 60,1.549,3. To hurt or offend the Eies,7 2,6135,01.138.140,3.1387^. Todenfe theeies from filmcs,629,b.684,i. Totake away the buininganditchingofthe Eics, and tocleere the fighr,8 37,d.7c6,e. Tohelpe the inward ruggednes of the Eic lids,410/. To cure vlccrs of cheeies,63 2,61026,3.- Good forbleareand watering eies,i 178,!!. Good for, or to take away the inflammation of theeies, 91,b. 2226778.6502.6 >09,3.622,6629,0. 6;o,a. 632,6 70^,e. 1150^.301,3.306,0.33 2 ,b.949,g.5C9,d. 590,3.604,d.i35i,b. To helpe lore,waterie, fmaning, and blafted eies, 347,8.41 2,a. 709.6 How to preferuc the Eies that they be not hurt with the fmall pockes or meafe!s,i 24,0. To heale Eies that hang out,i09i,a. To coolc theheatc and inflammations of the Eies, 341,0.412,3. 413,11.1351,6. To take away the rednes of the Eies,766,d.6o4,d.6z9,c. To denfc the Eics of haw or ftripes,i 172,!!. Good for them that are troubled with dimmeEies,249,a, 512,f, 537,b.548,d.7o6. 858,61074,6 To helpe the itchings in the corners of the Eics,4io,f. Toceafethe paineandburningorfmartingof thcEics, 819,3. 604,d.6 29,c,7o6,e.ioj 5,d. To purge the Eies ofwaterifh humors,629,0. To clenfe or cieere the Hies and amend the dimnes of fighr, 549.3.684.1.1349.3.858.6 To laie downe the flaring haires of the Eie browes,227,0. Tohelpe blackc and blew Eies comming by blowcs and ftripes, 301,b. To cure the difeafe in the Eics called Argewa, 301,3.495,0. To takeaway the webs & fpots of the Eies,288,s.ioi8,e,io35.d. r d 53 > c - To cienle away fliroie things from the ball of the Eie,912,a. To dim the Eiefigbt,72,h, Good for the Eiefight,z36,b. To quicken or fharpen the t'icfight,858,b.i03 5^.1353,c. To preferuc the Eiefigiir,877,3.6537,a. Good for weeping wounds of the < 2 £lbofee 0 ,5 c 9,b. An Elcftuariegood forfhortnesofwinde, an old cough, paines in the fide and inward but flings,721,h. A remcdie againft the Enteroccle, which is the falling of the blind gut into thecods,4 2,b. 97^.835,3.514,2.643,3.1033,6. To be good and auaileable againft Cfld)antifteut 0 ,848,6. Tocurethofe that are Cnvcigctl through the biting of a mad dogge,38o,a. Hurifull t o the CttttatiC0,2 93 ,a.i 017,h .1156,b. Good for the Entrailes,73 8,3,729,0. To open the ftoppings of the Entrailes,428,6. Todifloluecongealed and cluttered blood in chcEntrailes, and heale the hurt places,279,6. To ftrengthen the Entrailes,318,£.1082,61083,n. To cafe the paines of.the Entrailes proceeeding of rawnefle, 892,0. A remedic againft the gnawings and gripiugs of the Entrailes, o/ Titbit of the Nature } Vertue end Dangers* To hcalc the wound s or hurt* cf the Enrrailes, 3 31 ,k.66i i. To remooue obftrudions out of the Entrailes.73 8,0.89^,d.4io,b 470,c.569/^47,a. 1057,3.1384, d. Towafle awaywindinesof the Eiurailes,8 4 9,h. Tofcoureortlcnfe the Enrrailes, 843 3 b. 896, d. 422^.535. a. 684,3. Good againft wormes ofthe Entrailes,9 4 2,a. Topurgethe difeafe calledJSpAr/w, s*hich c aufeth fpottincs in bodic,Il 4 .d. 4 45 ,' 3 . An efpeciail remedie for the difeafe called Ephiaitu cr night Mare,833/. Good againft the E//f/>e, 899,0. To helpe the Epilep(ie,39i,b. To ftaie all CniptlOITS ofblood,i 247,b. To eafeor aflwage thcinfla.'nmationcallcd£iy/)t>//^ l 6o,h.298 J k 4 z 4 ,a.68o/,i 009/1144/1 3 89,a. For EryjipeUi ccrebri,S. Anthonies fire of the braine,jo8,d. To take away (EfcljaiC#,! 207,0. Good againft Cj:CO?tatton 0 of the conduits oftheyard, 222/. 9 l 5 > c * Good for Excoriations, 869,3.1255,3. Good ag3inft the Excoriationof the vuula,936,b. To purge filthic <££Cre;ner.t 0 through the nofe,54,d. To bring foorth bloody excrements, 769,a. Good for foulc (linking Excrements of the bloodie flixe. To purge fuch Excrements as be in the flomacke, firft vaincs, and ncereftpaifages^io/. To If ate bloody excrements procured by fwellingofthcfplccn, 5 i 4 , c > To purge cholcricke Excremcntsbyfiege,434,3.43 5,3. To confumc any CEpcrcfcCttCC in any part of the body, 72,a. 875, a.227, e. 266, c. Good againft the Cjeulcevattonofthe priuie parts, 1308,13. . Againft Hxulceration of the bladder, 765,0.1121, k.i 308, h. Againfl Exulccration of the kidncies,i 1 2i,k. lookc Kidncies. To coole burning Exulcerations,1208.01. F »*|^He ^Fables and tales of Mandrake confuted, 281,282. 1 To take away blackcand blewcfpotsofthe Face that come by bIowes,i 93 ,c. 557 ,d. To fcourc away funburning fro the face,759, 11.765,11.841,6.445/ To clenfe away freckles, morphew, and fuch like deformities of the Face,94,b,149/ 765,11.193,e.855jC.S4i, e.72i,l. yo takeaway lentilcsot fpotsin the Face, 115,11.765/. 193,c. t o 8 5 5 ,c. 288, t. 293 ,c-3 16,6.7 2l,l.i 13 3 ,r. take or denfe away all fp its and freckles of the Face, 94/. To make the Face fmooth,6o,k.i 252,0.1257/ To fcourc and rake away fporsof the Face Si tnakeitfaire, white and fmooth, 845,^.557,6.12S ;,q. To clenfe and beautifie the Face, 1044/1244/. 1276,(1,1281,(5. 1 298/ To fcoure away fcuruir.es ofchc Face,147,a. To cure the blemifhes ol the Face,445,d.596,1. To cure copper or fiiuce-flegme Faces,765/^.1009/ To take away the rednes of the Face, 855,0.845/28 8 ,t .57 9,b. To cure the falling of the guts into the cods, 838, d.lookc gut* and cods. To cure the Falling offofthe haire,go,c.854,l. Good againft the Falling ficknes, 854,f.827,a.839,i.897/.899,l. 3^7,3. 379/. 4f Co -f. 498/. 578,3. 698/702/720,0.735/. 1000/.1143,0.1214, a.b. 1299,0.13 24,g. To heale the falling euij! or ficknes, 102/ 190,g. 856,0.839,0. 893,3.39r,b.478,a.599,b.770.h.o.S49,t. 833 ,g. 630 ,b.iooo,b. 1019,0. Tohclpc thofc thathaue the Falling ficknes with madnes and hcadach,57g,h. To cure the Falling ficknes in children, 15 5,0.83 2,0.463//02/ n.705,a.1069,0. Topreferue a man from the Falling ficknes,902/. Good againft^Fal0,l3O4,h. Good for fuch as haue Fallen from high places, 195/. 841/. 2 79 , c - 3 ^57,^.679,3. 749/841,3.279,3. 919/- 554 , 3 , 648,0.698,0.962,3.971,3 849,c.987,b.996,d.io26,c. Good againft the Falling downc of the mother,: 244,3/. To ftaie the Falling downc ofrhcumes, 1244,1.1244, 0.1342,3. * Good againft the Falling ofwatcrie humors into the eies and breft,284,0.103 7,p. 1244,0.1343 .b Good againft the Falling of the vuula^36,b. To ftop the Falling downe of humors into the cheft, 1027,p. 13 14,0.1342,3. To hcalc the Falling away of the hairc of the eie lids, 1178,h. I 334 / Good for thofe that be Fallen into a fivoune,856,d. Tohclpc the 5 F 05 bIc:iC 0 of thehuer,930,0.1334,g. To helpe Fccblencs ofthe fplcene,1334,c. Tohcale the chinks & chspscf the ^fOCic comming ofcold,6o,k Tocaufc the corncs ofthe Feetc to fail away, 150,1. To helpe the goutc ofthe Fecce,26 i/.c.t 305,g. To take away.the corncsoi the Feetewithout incifion, 413,?. I 206,C. Good againft chaps and clulJblancscfthcFcete, 137/. To hcalc the chaps of the Fccte,n8o,e. To hdpc the dileafecalled the njf elonte, 557/. 123 2/.X263,J.e. To make men ape to fall into the fame, 775,0. To take away the paine of Felons and hcalc them, 863/,362/. To cafe the paine ofFcIons/7. To refolue,concoft,and open Felons,6o,g. Toripen Felons, 195,0.863/. Good for luch as are feaicfullj 4 '6o/. Good for or to coolc hot burning and vehement /FcattcrS, 66 ,a. 47 I , 3 . 5 i 2 ,b. 668 ,a. 7 o 2 ,k. 1082,g.i 251,0.1256,0.1281,3. To cure tertian and quartaincFeauers,8 39,0467,0.581,3. Tohelpc Feaucrsofwh.it fort focuer,467,c. Good for the Fcaucr heftiquc,i69,.i. To alaie thehcatcofa peftilent Feauer,3H,d. 668,3.1031 ,b. To breed peftilent Feaucrs,772. 13 24,2. To cure wandring Fcauers, 1184,e. Singular good againft tertian Feauers,575,b. Good for Fcauers of long continuance,348,b.5o7,c.i34i/. Good againft peftilent Feaucrs, 502, e.832,b, 473/,586/684/. 1031,b. ii9o,e. Good againft intermittingFcauers,73 2/1004/. Tohelpehot burningFeaucrs, 222,0.6.674, 1.702.111. Good againft tertian and quotidian Feauus, 4 67/.i3 4 i/. Good for old Fcauers,11x6,t. Afingular medicine againft Feauer quartaines, 854/. 1009,0. A good purgation for a lharpe Featier reni2n,3i 8,e. How tokeepe Jri£0 from putrifieng/30/. Good for,or to denfe awayfcabbie;{ftltij,on the skin, 930,3,0/ 1037,0.1190^.1223,111287,0. To take away the JFltCin burnings orfcaldings,4i2,b. Tocure S. Anthonies Fire,860/261/.298,1.412,3. Tohealcthe Jftftttla called jiegilopi, in the corncrofthc eie, 68,3.301/ 916,3. Good againft a Fiftula,913,3.916,3.687,3.706/. Toheale theFilfulacs ot the fundament,ioc6,a. To he ale Filiulaes, 331,3.581,0. Tomuudific Fiftulacs,357,c. To takeaway hardcailoulnesox Fiflulaes, 4083d. To kill _5Flfi),4o8,e. To catch Fiftiwith,t 213/. To take away (linking ^Ftt 0 of a quotidian ague, 1 346,3. Tocure the extreme and rigorous Fits of old feucrs,849,c. Good againft or to take away the Fits of an ague, 318,3. 347/. 3 * 7 ,e. To takeaway the Fitsof a quartaine ague, 887/. To take away fhaking Fits of an ague, 37 r ,0.13 58/. A remedie againft cold Fin ofan ague, 899/ 949,0.1076,0. Good for kernel; in the JflanfcC#, 1207,0. Toripen the apoflcmes in the Flinkcs comming of vcncric, I47> c - To purge tough and grolFe clammie $ legittcby ficge,53,b. 766,0 770^1.827,3.266,3.899,0.934/334,3. 949,11.951,3. 465,c,d. 46 o,c. 467 J b. 527 /. 6 i 7 / 6 4 7 ,a. 695 ,a.ii 55 ,a.i 235 /. TopurgcFlcgmc,335,a. 949 /- 459 > b - 5 2 7 ;C- 7 iS,a. 720/.972. 1215,3,1217, a.i297/.i3i7,d. Todrawe foorthof the headrawe FIcgmaticke humors, 135,0. 749 , c . 25 z/.S 49 ,m. 484 /. 540 , 3 . 5 4 2 ,g. 6 r 9 ,d. To attenuate or make thin thick and tough Flcgme, 185,0.848/. To ripen coughF]cgme,647/.6 4 9.i.985,b, Toraifcvpgently tough and grofte Flegmc that ftickcthin the Jungs andchcft,76o/.i95,c.2o8,b.984,c.i 256,0. To <Lsf Table of the Natures, Vertue and Dangers. To vorJe shickc tough Fiegme out of the ftoroackc, cheft, and fartheft parts ofthebodie,33 5 ,b. 445,©. To purge all grolfe Fiegme, 899,6.400,3.467,6. To caufe Fiegme and .water to tun fourth of the mouth 3065b. 6i9,d.7z9,g. . To ripen Fiegme and to caufe it eafily to auoiae, 103 5, c. 13285b. <147,6, 649,1. To purge corrupted FIcgrae out of the cheft,445,c. To d raw fourth Fiegme gently and purge the bcad^z 5 2,b.541,5 624, b.i 244sg.* To auoide or purge Fiegme by the ftoojc, 73850.743,2. 897,8, 397,3.460, c,h.4i?3,c.975,c.i 155,3. To Air vp ^FlcfolgluR-or defirc, 124,0.133,6.734. To vvithftond Flelhiy defire, 674,e,f.i 202,3. How topreferue rawe Flefh from corruption,^5,d. To dra we (plmtcrs and thorncs out of the Flefh, 96,3.495,3. To takeaway the fuperfiuous outgrowing* of thcFlcilijS^,!. To confuiue avyay proud and fuperfluous Flefh, 1158,h. Tokeep; proud Flefh from growing in wounds, 1334,i. Toconfume proudeand fuperfluous Flefh in poilonous vlcers, 4'-9S. To takeaway proud Flefn growing in the noflrils,6S4,d. fecPa- lj>pxr. To driue away 3,391, ^.472,^. To driue away jflisgrf 89,11.391 ,d, TokilFlies,388,c. To ftaie the jifliite,960,2*116?,g.h. Good againfl the bloodicFlixe,314,d.3 18,3.899,5.3 38,a.7i8,a 4 bi To cure the bloodieFlixe procecdingof cholcr, 12325 b. T® flop the bloody Fiixe,102, 6.505,6.748, a, b.790,g.8o2.a.8i?o,b 839,1.840,0.841,3.845, 3.290^.312,6.314^.911.3.915,3.321,6 323,6.329^. 958,6, c. 3885c. 4:9,(1.524, e. 551,3. 630,6.638^. <574,3.314,(1.318,8. 73<’,e.9<?2,d. 977.a.939,b. i037,g.io8j,r. I099,a,c. 1 147,3. 11 67,6.1174,g. 11 86,a,i 244,3,6. 1246,0. 1254, f. 1256, b,c. 1263,0. 1264,6. 1283,6. 1292^. 1314,5. 13 26,3.133 4,d.i 37 5 ,b . To heale thebloodieFlue, 787,6.709, d,f. 802,6. 215,6.839,3,6. 887,3.890,0,6 53 5, f. 576,6. 1091,3.1129,d.r2i7,c.i263,d,e,n. I 283,b.J3C9,b. ( To bring downe or prouoke womens kis»5r#,72,e r 24,e (40,6 1*1,6.195. e. 207,3. 210,3.250,5.882,3. 8964*865,;, 866,b. 867.3. To itay ouermuch flowing of womens Flowers, 32,a, 72, g. fee Termcs,784. 3.803,3.284,0. 298,1,318,1. 913,3.323,6.958,!). 3 8 9)S*G3i<-66i,h. 707,1.1058,6. To fray the ^ritips of the belly, 72,0.54,h. 293,1.340,6. 958.b.c. 1058.6.1059.3.1062.3.1099.3. To Ray or cure all Fluxes of the bellie, 839,3,958,6.445 ,1. 5 r4,e, I09r,a.ic99,a.i 156,0.1288,6.1 292,6. To Ray theFluxe of humors from thcioints,J4,h.6o,f. To Ray or helpeth; white Fluxein women, 88,8.505,6. 960,3. 665,1.674,6.1083,0.1158,b.i 182,6.129 2,b. iookc Whites. To flop all ktndes of Fluxes, 1264,e. TohclpctheFluxeof the guts,419.c. To flay Fluxes in women proceeding of.a hot caufe,412,d. Agatnft allkmde of Fluxes about the chefl, 1223,0. Good for Fluxes,340,3.984, a. Toheale old Fluxes, 11525a. To flop and cure ail Fluxes of blood in man or woman, 841,3. 887.3. 890, c,f.i 147,i,1 1 5 8,f,i 206,a . To flay the inordinate Fin xe,8 3 3, 0.284, e. 3 4 I >c-3S59>g. Good againft thcFluxe of the belly arifing or the wcaknesof the ftomacke,854,gi247,c. To flop theFluxe of the Heroorrhoidcs,- 858,3. 419, d. TofVop ailFiuxes ofblood,2i5,c 839,3.841,3.887,3,913,3.333,6 958,6.388,0,419, -645 2,3.454,3.648,3.1 1 1-0, a.i 244,2,6. A good jSfomentation, for fwoiicn Jigs,497,6. Good for thofe that be apt to fall inco the dropfie.t05p,h. A dangerousFoode for drie and withered bodies,io5©,h. Good tofupplie the want ofFoode,2S8 ; p. To helpe the ^fcjgCtfoU et;iil,8y6,e. To kill footed beafls, 755,3.818,6. TokillJF0^,755 ,a. Againft ^fracttircS of the head,54, g. Fraitureof the bones,looke Broken bones. Good for thofe char are f’VZnti ($5,897, h.856,e . 1202,d. T ■' t:;kc away $ itcMM?, 926,6.720,?. 1 o 5 2,g. T 9 cake away Freckles of the 5^^754,6.75^.1133,^1328,11. loclenfe away fpots and Freckles of rhe face,94,b. 193,e. 250,1. 8 5 5,0.841,a.388,b.72i ,1.113 3 ,r.i 158,6.1194,b. 1298/. 13 z8,h. 1354,6. Good againfl the Jfcend) difeafe,897,2.930,3.463,6.1317,6. fee Frendh Pocks. Tocaufe 5FrcnCe,i247,f. Good againfl theFrerdie,856,e,3 57, a,638,r, A medicine for the Frenfie,318,1.457,2. To cure a Frenfie of long coiuinuancc,4 58,6, To helpe ^fret3 in children,? 1 8.c. Good 3;Tainft the Fretcingof the bellie. 908,3. Gcodegainfl Frcitingsofthe guts. 787,6.101 8,3.1 349,0. . Tomitigatc the Fretting? ofthe biobdic flixe,789,d. Againfl the Frettingscf the guts and en:raiies,cf eoldeesufes, *349,0. Good againfl theFrcttingof the fundament, 787,6. Good againRFrettings ofthe bladder, 787,d.i J74,d. To expell the dead Ttitte',891,6.6.cDead childe. Toraif; ^umcS,84,3. To dry vp moilt ana healc maligne vlccrs of the pTJitttianientj 3°,f. To code and cer/per the heats ofcnc Fundsmenr,232,c. Toheale the rifts of the Fundament,and the infirmities thereof, called Cmd.iloma.ia 54^.371,3.790,5.858, 3.553,6.1202,6 To eafe the burning he ate oft he Fund anient, 21 j,b w 3 94,b. To Ileal: the chaps of the Fundament committg or coidt, 6,k. 370,3.1180,e.i 150,3. 1006, b. Toheipe.all paines in the Fundamenr,29 1,0.341,9.702,6. Good to helpe the Fundament gutfallcn dovvne in yoong chil- d re 11,49 5 ,d.63o,r.702,e 'f. 1167,6.1244, a ,b. Tocurehard fwcihngsofthe Fundament, 728,0.1035,3.1180,0. G G Ood againfl the floppings of the (Sall^St), 0.124,6.279,3. 912,6. 463,0.507,0.689,0. Tohelpe the flopping* of the Gall, 22 2,3,6.912,6.43 7,3.463 ,d. S07.c.573,b. Toheale Gals ofthe fundament, 1152,2. Good agamfl rnericGals.287,1. To flay the runningor fpresdmg of ©SntjretTSf, 72, d. 729,h. 3 044,1c. 1 o 5 2,h. 129 2 s d. A. reniJie againfl Gangrenes, 1044,0.12 5 2,h. A dgargarifmeagainft the tumors and fwelling of the vuuls, or almonds about the throte and route of the toong,190,0. Tokreoe <®avmen-tfll from being eaten with motlics, and to niakethemhaueancxccllentodouf, 843, d. 938, c. 941, f. 91 i,c.io26,d.i 186,g. 1 2 31 ,n. 13 5 i^c. Togluc rogithcr dgaftjSSf made about the veines, finewesand tendons.i 14,3. Hurtful! to d5rnevatiOiT,55 3,g. To takeaway the fwtllmgs oft he <B’CttltO?J?,90 8,b. 103 5,3. Good for the (LoltiutncS of the -h'ead}770, 0.469, ’0,5 27^.546,^ 599 ; b.73 5,h.iG09,b. To caufe Giddines,S 5,a. The vfe of <j5titg£T, 5 5, a. To driue away @Uat0,9 3 8,^.3 89,h 3 9I,d. 1 1 86,f. Tokil! Gnats,3S8,e.i i£6,f. To caufe <2)iIsS»tng,0 or gripings in the ftomacke, 1190,8. !l i92t»h. Good againfl the Gnawing ofthe belly, 391,0.420,3, 6i7,g. To cure the Gnawings ofthe belly,891,c. 908, a. To take away the Gnawings of the flomacke proceeding of a hot caufe, 2 3 2,6. A remedie for the Gnawings ofthe guts and eritrailes, 770/. For Gonorrhea or running of t he r a incs, 50,6.45 2,3.454,3.661,0. 674,6.11 50,3.11 8 2,6 1 246,5.1 276,e. To caufe <j£soatC£r to be deliuered ofiheir yoong,893,c. To kill wildcGoares, 820,c. To take away the paineot the <©CUtf,94,3.1 3 1,3.2 $0,6412,b 560,1.1125,5. 332,3.729,6, ForthchotGour,! 3 28,613 8i,a. Good for the Gout in the hand 1 ', 1 ’,Q3,g. To drie waterie humors ofthe Gout, 10 37, h. To eafe oraflwage the painc ofthe Gout, 13 i,b, 13 5,h.859,d. 283,6. 287,6. 2985k. 332,0.426,6. 509,e-53 5,c.665,h. 849/. 1026,b.i 133,k. 1 235 ,c.i 23 8,g. 13713 89 >G To stable ofthe Nature,Vertue and Dangers* A rcrocdie againft the Gour,S 6o,h,4oo/.5 26,a,6 86jc, 1073,1 Ii2^,g.i2 3 8,e. To mitigate the paincof the Gout proceeding of an hot caufe, 413,e. 512,3. Good againft the Gout in the buckle boncs,6 89,£706.0.1125,5 To helpcthe Gout of thefcctc, 261/.I 125,g.i 303,5.1328,!. To driuefoorth <£5taueH,23,a.29,a.185,c.i 89,3.760,3.89i,f. 572,k,L677,f,TOOO.a. xoo9,c. n 29/.1144/, 1224,01. 1 243 ,c, 1246,f.i 266,0, To driuefoorthGrauell mightily,!85j c -739,f. To dnucGraucll ourofthc kidncics,1248^.1255,(7. <3oodforrheGrand!andftone, 886,b, 261,a. 272,3, 875,a, 428,0.677,0.1144,11.1182,3.1243,0. Goodagamftihe dSresne liCfencjJ, 314/. 201,6.438,0, 524/. 732,i.73 5,m.ii33,e. Againft afthmaticall <2>rief£0,288,v. Toh.lpe the Griefos of the bladder,497,d. A remcdic againft Griefe in the fide,843 ,b. To helpc Griefes proceeding ofthe (plecne, 460,g. ToappcaferhcGriefeofthc belly,895,6. For long and cold Gricfes of any parc,649,g. Againft Griefoi proceeding ofoppilauons,977,(7. Againft the Gricfes of the breaft and lungs, 28 8,0.661,0.871,3. 1073,a. , To cafe the Gricfes of the rallies and bellie , ofcolde caufcs, 1346,0. Good againft all Gricfes of the ftomacke,3i7,a. Tohclpe Gricfes of the finevves, 1346,0. Good for the Gricfes of the eies, 3 47,3.706,0. Good againft Gricfes of the principal! members ofthe bodie, 1115,0. A remcdic for the (griping# of the cntraiIes,77o/. Good againft or ro mitigate the Gripings of the belly, 391,a. 43 6,3-457,6.5 24,0.10*7 6 , q. 61 7,g. Good againft Gripings of the belly in the making of vrine ,88 2,a. To cure al Gripings ofthe belly proceeding ofwindines, 1354,1!. To mitigate the Gripings ofthe bloodie flixe, 789,1!. To helpcGripings, 57,a,878,3,897,10073,d.ii90,b. To helpc the Gripings within the belly, 53,6.137,^.7 51,3,882,a 891,0.893,3,301,0. 865.3.872,1!. 875,6. 880,a, 524,0. 1009,0.1073,3,0.436,3,878,3, To ripen fwellings in the Cfh'OittC, 1170,6. To waftcaway(!5rGfr£UC0ofthcfinewes, 1055,0. To make (JJueG# the merrier, 58i,g. To exafperate or make the <0uilet rough, $59/. To helpc the red (QlimiWC in children,2i 8,c. To helpc the fwellings in the Gums,4iq,£ Toftrengthen the Gums, 845,3.1263 ,1.13 37,0. To clenfe the Gums,886, c. Againft the fwellingof the Gums, 1 3x4,0, Good againft vlccrsand forenes of iheGums, 919,e. 507,6. 676,3.1152,3. Good againft the paine ofthe Gums, 1 2 55,a. To takeaway hcatcof&urningby (£funpoi00CF, 135,11.278,3. 707,k. Goodagainft theroughnes and frettingof the (25ut0, 787,d. *349, c. To breake and fcatter the v, inclines ofthe Guts, 90?, a. Good againft the falling foorth ofthe Gut, called Saccus vtntrit, 394,6. To curcthepainesand griefes of tlicGuts, 40,d.892,0.5o9,f. 524,e.ioi8,a.i 074,0.1349,0. A remcdic for gnawings and gripings ofthe Guts, 77 o,f. if 8,a 524,e. A remedie againft vvindincs ofthc Guts,65,c. To hurt the Guts,769,8. To cure thefalhng of the Gurs into the cods, 83 9,d. Good againft the torments of theGuis, 8633d. To clenfe or fcoure away excrements or cough fiicnic humors in the Guts,262,8.10 1 8,3.1 027,b,n. To driue foorthwormesofthe Guts,93 8,e. To kill the fmall wormes ofthe Guts,941,a. To helpc the vlcerattons and fluxe of the Guts,41 9,e. H nro caufe i^aire to grow that is fallen oft through the difeafe -*■ ^/9pecM,34,c.88,c.985,s.ioi3, c .io29,b.i2j9,h. To clenfe the Haire from nits andlicc,5i9,a. 1027,1. Tocaufehairctocomein places thac want it through burning, icalding,or otherwife, 34,c.88,e. 67,3.984^.98y,c.974,b. x°i3,e. Tocaufe Haire to waxc yellow, 630/. To cure the pilling or falling off of the Haire in fpots as in Jlt- pecia, 90,c.94?,g.6 7 4»t>.<59Gh To caufe Haire to fall off,408, b. To procure Haire in beardlcffe mcn,io2,o. Againft the falling av/3y of the Haire of the head, caufed of hoc lharpe humors,66o,c. Tohclpe thofe that haue their Haire pilled off, 191,1?. 9843d, 9 85,<-.1013, r. To caule Haire to grow in fkorr fpacc,i $5/. To make the H . lire rcd,i 2io,c. To roote vp Haire,974,3. To make Haire blacke, 609,6.1150,6.115 8/.1238/. Toprefcrue the Haire ofthc head from falling, 1307/. To die Haire yellow,3 8 8,0.1145,£1309,0 To take away fupertiuousHaire, 709,11.7 2 8,0.930/. Toftay the falling offof the Haire,41 o,t,58i,d.674,h. uo8,a,b. 13 °7,b. 13 09,0.1227/ Tohcalc thechapsofthe i^anD0commingofcolde,6o,k. To make the Hands fmooth, 60,k.1150,6.1 252,6. 1257,1. To purge chaps of the Hands being kin to the French difeafe, 859,0.69/. To affwage the paine ofthe gout in the Hand i’,1303,5. Good againft niangincsof the Hands,491,b. To chap, blifter and make the Hands rough and rugged, 686,e. To hclpe the !ijavft;te0 of humors,57/. Good ro foften the Hardnes of the finewes and matrix, 1473d. i49,c.524,3,b.lio8,b. Againft the Hardnes of breathing, 724,6. fee fhortneffe of breath. Towafie andconfume Hardnesof the fpleene, 744,3.195.0. 395,a.696,b.977,b. 1027, g. 1170,0.1195,3.132 7,d. 1346,0. looks Splcene. To diffolue or wafte away the Hardnes of womens breaftsor paps, 4 22, 6.423,6.1052/. A remcdic againft the poifon ofthe fea 172,0. Good for rough i£at!httC0 ofthe throte and breft,i 1 20,a.b. To affwage the paine of the l^fiunch, commonly called Sciatic /, 188,6,195,0.5 57/. To take away the Hawc of the eic,5? 2/.695/.1 172/. Good againft (undric difeafes of Hjwkes,9i2,f. To heale running vlccrs ofthc i^ea0,iO2 5,e. To afflift or hurt the Head, 529/. 573,3.1050/ « To driue lice out ofthc Head,'99,b. To caufe Headach, 3 2/, 84,a. 142,3,13 5,01.757,3.896,d.109 2,d. 1 19 2/.x 247,g. 1251,3.1252/.!3 j 1, a. Tohclpe or take away the Headach, 760/. 778,6,856,0,4x0/. 548,0.553,0,1.578,£1055,c. 1074/. 1202,d. mo,c.i 239,0. I257> n * A1 cniedic for a continuall or old Headach,770,6,287,a,460,g. 463,6.711,a .7 24 ,b-73 5/. To calc the intolerable paines of the Headach, proceeding of heatc,270,c.58i,c. Topurge thcHead, 53,3.135. 250 g.306,3.399,(6495,b.69y,b. 709,0.1115.12 i9,7.i*44.g- ! 3 i 7 y c. 13 58,a. Good for thofe that hatic ill Heads of a coide caufe,578,a. Againft wounds ofthc Head, 54,5.1182,0. Good for ftoppings ofthe Head, 1308,f. Good for the Head,! 24,3,548,1.674/. . Topurge the Head mightily of foulc and flimie humors, 30 6 , 3 . 512,2.669,6.709,0. To make the haitc to grow on a pildc or baldc Head,13 5,1.984^ 1013, e. A remedie againft fore Heads in children,55 3,d.i044,c. To heale fcabbed Heads in children, 141/. To purge water and flegme our ofthe Head by the mouth, 149,0. 25 2,b. 867, a.542,g.619.d.729,6.1219) 3 * Good againft infirmities of the Head ,ofa hot caufe,674,d. To cure the naughtie fcurftc ofthe Head,854/ 985,0. To helpc and cafe the paine or akir.g of the Head, 269,3,6,0. 287/n. 426,3.470/. jo8,b. 519,0. 578/ 7 0i 3°* I°3S/* 1184,!. To cure al! cuts and hurts in the Head,2S5,a. 1182,0. Good for to walh the Head with, 1027/. Gooff kA ‘Table of the Nattire^ Verttte , and Dangers. Good againftdizzinesofthe Head, 288,r.897,b.7:o,c« To heale running vlcers of the Hcad,xc»35,e. To afflift and hurt the Head,529 /. 573,3.1050/. Todriuelice out of the Head,399,b. To helpethe feurffeof theHc3d,fec Scurffe. To caufc aking and hcauines of the Head,40,b. Good againft heauines of the FIcad,702,f. Topreferue Ifealtfy,H90,d. To ftrengthen if earing, 1 1 16,r, Tocaufenardnesof Hearing,! 9 S,f.i 3 ° 5 ,f. Good for hardnes of Hearing,706,3. TolVrengthcnthei^eart,i!4,b, 603,3,655,0. 73 5,/ 1082,3,6 1083 ,n, n 60,b, 13 5 2, a. To comfort the Hearr, 890,11,33 2,3 473,8.53 5,c.56o,3,d.6o3,a. 6 54,3,d,e. 655,0. 702,i,o. mi,h. 1281,i. I3i7,g- I35°,a, 13 53 r. b - Good againft the trembling and (halting of the Heart, 890,11. 6o4,d,lo8.2,i.io8 3 ,n.i 160,c. To drawc a plague fore from rhe Hearr,815,c.811,3. Good for the Heart-burning,241,3.414,3.728,3.1263,(1,0. To driue venome and poifon from the Heart,840,b.66S,b. Good for infirmities of the Hearr, lookc Infirmities. Good againft the paflion or panting of the Heart, 845,0.469,1*,c. 5 4 2,i.654,f.i 082,1.1390,0. To driue pcftilential and corrupt aire from the Hearr,847,a. To clenfc the Hearr, 11 i6,t. To make the Heart merric, 845,0.887,0, 890,d,h. 535,0. 548}*. 560,6568. d. in 1,11.1390,0. Beneficial! to the Hcarr,848,g.548,6560/966,3,1186,a. Againft fwelling about the Heatt,3i8,a. To refrefh or rcioice the Hearr,868,d.5 56/1,654,3. To take away locate of the face,845,6 To take away the Heate of burnings and fcaldings,i 277,2. To abate the intemperate Heare of the raines,i 243,f. To quench the fieric Heate of the cics,i 2 27,c. To coole the Heate of the intrailes,i 317,g. Good againft the Heate of the breaft,lungs andb!adder 5 i333,a. To take away thebtirning Heate in wounds, 845,2. To alay the Heateof the blood,1145,b. To coole and temper the Heateof the fundament and pritiie partes, 232,0. To coole the Heate of burning vlcers,I2 o8,t». To coole the Heate of the inflamed liucr, 66,0.941^.321, a, 701, a. H 44 ,g.H 45 ,b. . » To mitigate a)lkindesofHeacc,i683,a, Totakeawey the Heateof fealding by water oroile,135/, To heale the extreme Heate of the mouth,n 50,b. Toceafc the burning Heate of the ftones,'2i7,b. To alay the extreme Heate of thekidneies and bladder, 70 2,3, To refrefh or increafc inward and natural! Heate,73 2,0.73 5,b. To takeaway the Heateof inflammations, ?§i,e. 1238,0.1277,2. To quench the Heate of hot fwcllings,i 207,0. Good againft the burning Heateof the mouth and aisaondsof thethrote,845,a.i09i,a.ii20,d. To mitigate or coole the extreme Heateof the inward partes. 768, a.471,3.701, a.i3i7,g. To alay cxtremitieof Heate in burningfeuers, 1082^.1083/1. X 2325b, To alay the feruent Heate of the skin,178,h. To alay and take away the Heate of vrine,i 1493b. Totemperthc iharpeand feruent Heateof cholcr, 768,3. fee C’holer. To alay the Heate of the ftomacke, 845,5.321,^ 419,0.728,3,13. 1120,d.1144,g.i I45,d.i324,5. Toalay or take away vehement Heate in agues, 509/. 1083,!!. 1232/1.1368,3.1383,/ _ Good for the Ifectique feuer,which is a con!umption,i69,a. To heale mouldie and kibed If C£lC0,4:,d. 178,1^.424, a. To ceafc the bleeding of the Hemorrhoides,41 l,r. Good to annoint theHcmorrhoide vaines with, 580,0. To prouoke the Hemorrhoides tobieede, 135^.411,1.695,5. To take away the paincof the Hemorrhoides, 770,q. 291/. 7° 2,b. A counrerpoifon for henbane,572,g. Good to fatten lfen0,78,a. To caufe Hens to lay egs plentifully,573,0.1069,!!. To cure 1 f emt€ 0,5 r 4,8.577,3 .lookc Ruptures. Good againft rhe-l^tcfeet,318,3.878,3.4^7,3.553,a.6^8,b. To cure the Hicket,744,3.87 2,<6878/.880,^457,2.979,3. To cure all aches in the If tp0,433 ,e. To aftwage and cure the gouteof the Hips,8 54/. Toaflwage thepaincofthcHipcallcd 188,0.190/1.210,3. 4oo,b.665,i.722.e. To helpc olde aches in the Hips,2i9,b.433,e, For If tdtngof the eares,! 172.6 To rake away if cacfcncS,3 5^.178,0.288,0.654/1.729,/. 1121,1. 1149.3.1342.3. To rcmcdic the Hoarfcncs that commcth fuddenly, 854,d. To lay open If ole# of Fiftulacs or i[fues,i 23 5,n. For (tinging of if 0311^0,1075,0. To refrefh a wearied If Ojft & make him trauell the bcrter,362,c. Againft ache and paincof the If ucMcbonc, 54,h.i9o,h. 749,0. I 98,b.219 ,c.85 4 ,b.318,a.5 20,,1.5 51,b. 5 57,h. 578^.649,7.706,0* 722 ,e« 996 ,e.ioi 7 ,g.i 073 ,d.l 303 ,b,c. To purge by fiege and vrine cholerike If «n:cj0,4^3 5/930,g. To (l Humors from flowing into the eies,5C2,b.i 84,c. 1390,b. To makethinne, thicke,groifc, and toughflimie Humors, 47,c. 140,1*189 9,1.437,3.684, 3 ,i 23 5 ,b.i 281,1.1 i 90,3. To eigeftfalt and pituitous Humors, 930,g. To purge flcgbiatike and cholerike Humors by vomire andfiege 68 9 j 2,0.766,3,f. 770^.776,3,779,b.26:,0.689,0.973 ,e. To purge aduft and cholerike Humors,471,9.11 i6,(.930,g. To jiurge by fiege toughflegmarike an } wateii(liHumors,ii6,a. 766,6262,1.334,3.429,3.460,0,724,2.1133 ,c,d,e. 1218, d. 1219, 3.1235.1.1238.3. - Toaigeft and confumcgroffe Humors, 53,5.140,3. 949,11.647,3, 249 ,h- To drawe foorth by floolcblacke and filthieFIumois, 542,0, Teconcoft and bring vprawe Humors tliaj fticke in the chcft, I24,b.i3 8,b.i9,-,c.571,3.572^.984,0. To purge watcrifh Humors mightily, 47,b.n6,3. 273,3.321,3. 350.3. 467,3. 540,3.63 8,^690,3.71 8,?,720,5.722,3.1086,3. _ 1133,e,v. 1217,3.1235/. 1259,g. To cut thicke,tough and clanmneHumors, 137,0.138,0. 140,3. 95 .’,2.53 2,3.647,3.686/1.1225,5.868,d.i 025,b. To voide by vrine cholerike and warerilh Humors,73 2,e. 1155 To purge thickcand groffe Flumors by vrine andfiege, 749,0. ?3 ° 3 §- 3 ’ 4 } 3 ‘ 4 f ' 7 }a- Toconcoft orwafte away rawcHumors, 747,a. 893/. 843,b. 6i7,g,h.7 2^, e.n 21,k. 1223,g.731.1.87 8,d. 868,d.i 190,6 Tocutand raife thicke and tough Humorsof thechcft, 195, c. 1027, c. To ingender naughtie Humors, 1259.c. To purge flegmarike,cholerike and melancholikcHumors down¬ wards, 827,3.460, f/1.463,0.1114,3. , To di(To!ucgro(ieHumois,!327,c. .■ To purge naughtie corrupt Hu morsel 8,5/930,5.3 57,3^37,b. 445,0.460,0.470,0.647,3.1027/1.410,5.463,3.930,0. To bring foorth by vomite grofte and tough Humors,57 8/. To purge by fiege tough and flimie Humors, 899,0.3 57,3.949/.. 467,3.1018,0. To purge cold flegmntickeHumors,4io,g. Topurge by ftoole fharpe ho't cholerike Humors, 460,0. 4io,g. 467,b.1155,3.1182,3. To drawc foorth gently by ftoole crude and rawc Humors, Jii 5 ,c. Good for rhechaps and cbildbianes of the Heelcs,i37,f. Aremedicagainftthevencmousqualicie of Ifetttl 3 CfeC 0 , 542,3. 572 jf- 93 8 ,i- 94 i,b. Toopeo the ^entO?tl 5 Oi 0 e 0 ,54,d,4i 0/695,5. To ftopthe ouermuch flowing of the Hemorrhoides, 661,k> 858,3.96 2,8.1091 ,b. 1 r 90/t. 1227,5. To cure thcHeaiorrhoideSj29i,e.849 > g.630,d,g,666o,a.i235,d. 1292,5. Good againft the paines of the Hemorrhoidcs.934,a. Good againft fwelling of she Hemorrhoides,5 So,a. To purge mclancholike Humors,1160,d. Toconfumecoide and flegRiarikcHuinors,899,ir!. To driue foorth by vrine and fiege hot, cholerike, burnt, and hurtful! Humors,930,g. To expell thicke, tough, andclammic Humors out of the cheft and lungs,684.5.686,3.103 7,h.io 51,3.1154,a. To digeft ra we Humors of the chcft and lungs,729,(6730,6 lfnrt0,13 5.138. To cure Hurts ,43 5,c. Good for fatal! Hurts,919/. How Table of the Nature , Vertue and Dangers. How to be prefcrucd from thcHurtof venomous bcaftes,873>d. To take away all Hurts from the cies,537,0.629,0. To dr awe water foorih of their bellies that arc 691,0.73 5,mice Dropfie. I O refrelh a tired 3&atie,362,0. Good againft the ^auttsttfr, 39 1,2.400,b. 418,3. 463,0. 5°7>c. 9 7 f ,3.963 ,i. 1 007, c. 1143 ,b. To cure t'nc Iaundi'e, 856,6.864,!;!. 827,1.839,0. 840/, 938,g,l. 34 J,d. 42 :,a/ 95 ,r.i 2 i 3 ,n. Good agamtt the yellow laundifc, 863,3.832,6, 279,3. 927,b. 348, b.Sf7,e.-: 78,0. Tohelpe thcyellow Iaundtfi:,76o,b.3 98,6.122,3,6.272,3.334,/. 437,3.353,1.926,3.979,3.1083,11.11 iO,c. 1184, 0.3399,0. To purge gently by vrinc and ficge Inch as haue the laundifc, 279 ,r,d.io 48 >d. A purgation for thcyellow Iaiindife,3i8,c. Singular good fl»r tlielmndtfeof long continuance,344,'*. Tocurcthc blackcljundifc,i 1 3 3,p,i]. Good againft tile oldc and long lalling fwcllings of the 31 a£)C 0 , 934 , 3 . Todenfc theIawcsof fhmieflcgmc, 987,6.1 198/. To comfort the Iawcs, 1244.1!. To take away the fvvellings of the lawes, 5 $7,6.1158/13 I4,c. Good againft corruption of the la,•.es,6o,l 677,0. Totakcawayrnjgednesof theIawcs,703,a. To allware or healethe difirafe tailed Jgnit facer, orwildefirc, 60,f. 298,1.660,a.6765b 1053,q. Againft vaine 31 tttaglnationS, 1 160,d. Good tolimne 3 > 2 * I8 S^tCwirh,!24.h. Good for ^InperfcOtlOJtflof th. head,l027,a. For lmperfc Chons of the eies, 629,6.33 91, b. Tohclpc alllmperfcdbonsof the huer,3 59,6.422/. 49 5, d. For Ini perfections of the lungs, 1388, a. For Imperfections of thcrames,693,a.724,b. To take away the fwefting and paine ol hot 3PttipoftUtt:C£f,58r,b Tobringhardc Impoftumes to maturation or ripcncs, 114,0. 394 s 1 47 V.” 7 0 j b -l 399 . h . Toconlumc anddillolue alien’dhardImpc.ft:iimes,iC2 7,j>. Good againll Impoftumes it* the hunts of the finger»,362, ; >. To alf.vagc a flaming Impoitume and bring it to ripcncs,472,0. Tobrcake Impoftumes,207,7.210,3.469,3. To ripen and break, vcnereousl r poftumcs inthe fl.ink,3328,d. A remedic againft Impoftumations of the tnrote,3 i9,c. T<> bring to maturation & breake peftikntiall Impoftumations, 8,'4,lc. To moliificmiliciousLrpofaimes,n70,c. To loftcn and tipen lmpoftumes,332S,d. To cure the dileafe called Impetigo, b. For 31 tlfdnt 3 that haue their linewcsdrawen togirher,9S9,d. To helpe an Infant that is vexed with an ague,^, 1.702,1.703,a. 7 " 8,C * . , ' > Good for Infants that arc like to haue the falling fickncs, 88o,d. Againft the jfitlfecttDnof the plague or pelt 110000,849,2.840,6, 478,3.599,3.604,0 996,3.1069,6/. A remedie again!! all Infections taken by cuill and corrupt aire, and rodtiuc the fame from the 11.111,847,3.996,3.3390/. Good againft all colde 3! tlftt'llltttCjSof thedlomacke,732,1. Goodfor the Infirmities of the mother, 6 t 3 ,a. 1 ioS,a. For Infirmities curable by ftveatine,7i 1,1. To hcale Infirmities of thefundatiK-nr,54,d.5 53/. A remedic for the Infirmities of the hait, 560,2,0/. 5 69,3.599,6. n6o,b. Good againft the Infirmities of the fplccne and milr, 869, J. 49 h^- 54 : 3 h. 73 h'- 979 ,a. Tohclpethe Infirmitiesof theliuer,422,d 495,11.507,3 732,!. Goodfor Infirmities of the kidneies, 422,8 657,0. 869,d 495, d. 542^.73 2,1.1000,a.1120,0.1121,1.1246,4. Goodfor Infirmities of ificbladder,869,1!.49s/. 541,6.73 2,1. Good for Infirmities oft he c he ft,47,4.313,1.470,1.586,3,1190,6 Good againft Infirmities of the fine.vcs^S/. Good againft Infirmities of the mouth,508,4. Againft Infirmities in the earcs, 124/. Tocure Infirmitiesthatcomeof fluxes,1099,e. Good for Infirmities of the head and buiae,ofa cold and moift caulc,uj6,a, !UM^ Good againft all Infirmuies of the breaft and lunps,i 126,0. To cure all Infirmities proceeding offharpe, fait, and bitinp humors,! 121,1,m. For Infirmities of the matrix, r238, c. Aicmedicforold Infirmitiesof thecheft and lungs, 1329,0. Againft all Infiimmcsof the blood,57,c. Good ror.ill colJc and continual! Infirmities of the headand fincwcs,6i9,b. Good againft Infirmities of the head,of a hot caufe,674,1!. Goodfnrthe Infirmities of the gall,318^. To helpe the ^inflammationsof the almonds, throte, and the pai tes adioining,839,^3 66,3.370,3.72 8,8,5.1091,3.1180, a. Good for Inflamrfiations, 236,5.250,4.362,4.412,a,41?,c.527,6. 548,5.667,3 674,3.702,0.1030,3. To heal, hut andtharpe Inflammations, 34,c.269,6.424,3.581 ,r. 667,c.67^3.ix53,».i335,!. Motrotuft'er Inflammations to life, and if they do, toaffwage them,1083,a. Againft the Inflammations ofthc lungs,504,a.318,1.572,£.701,3, 702,1705,6,1121,1. Againft F,flam it. at ions newly begun,215,b. 1223,c. To takeaway 1 >flamTOr.tiuns,6o,b.65,6.195,0.232,3.860,0.495,3 ioi8,b.io55,c.ii2t,k. A tc medic again ft the inflammation of the (tones, 198,0,183 ,a 1073,5. Todiifolue Infiimmationsof the breaft, lungs, and routharte- iie,i243,e. To appeale or aflwage hoc Inflammations, 6o,f793, 3.142,g. 702,6.962,5.1223 ,k 1238,0 13 3 5,1.13 68,c. To helpe or eale Inflammations of thceies, 502,6.222,f. 301,3. 3o6,c .332,6.949,f.4i 2,3.509,9.3o9o,p 33 5o,b. Good againft all inward Inflammations,1294,3. Tobreede Inflammations,! 31 5,3. To rake away Inflammations in wounds,291,6.679,a, Tocoole all infljmmat!ons,282,g.32i,d.i3 44,f, Againft the Inflammation of the raines,i3^9,b, A remedie againft Inflammationof the paps,T98,c.29r,i. Today the beginning of Inflammations, 1208,01,1275,6,1276/, 1304,3. Tocoole the Inflammation oftheIiuer,845,f.94i,d 457,b.5i 2,g 702, k. 1009,4.3243,6.1376,3. For Inflamimtion of the kernels,xt 80, f.3 294,3. Goodfor Inflammations of the fundament, 858,3.394.6.661,k. I05o,p.xo76,r.3 367,b. Totakc away or cure all Infl immations,860,£278,1.293,13 412,3. 424, M45 /. 667. c .676,1.680,3 1027/. 1210,3.1223,6.123 5,1s 1275,0.3277,3.1278,6,1304,5.3376,6.1389,3. Good againft the Inflammations of the mouth and almonds of the ihrotc, 845,3. 366,3. 370,3.702,11. 728,3,6.1091,3, 1294 a. To a] ay the I flammation of the ftoroackc, 845,6.943^.1324,2. To mitigate the Inflammation of the cntraiIes,io8i,g. Againft the Inflammation of th; 3!tt£clhp.C0,512,6,1349,6. Tocure membersoutof j 1 0irit,i49,d. Tocui c the (linkings of the Ioints declining to the p:u!(k,947,£ Tohclpeachesandpainesintheloints, 114,6,638,3. 1059,6, i° 73 ,d. To calc or helpe members out of Ioint, 34/. 540,^658,2.649,6. Good for the Iotms,250,6. To ftt engih: n the lcints,53,a. Toconfume windie Iwel'ings in the I >ints,9c8,b. To flay humorsfromfalling into the Ioints, 60/. To abate or afiwage aches and paines of the Joints, 65,0.131,6. 89^,5,512,a.63 8, a,68o,!'.724,b. 1016,i. To alf.vage or dillolue fwellings in the Io'nts,68,a. 13 3.6.627,6. Goodfor weeping woundsof th. Iotncs,so9,b. To knit firmly the Ioint of members that were difplaced, 759,d. To (often the ftvcllings in the Ioint<,790,5. To digeft fihhie flimines ofthe Ioints,426,3. To take a .vay the Iwcllings of the Ioint >,471 ,b. To mitigate the paine of the Ioints caulcd of hot and driehu- nior!,5i2,3. To helpe the long continuall paine of the Ioints, 711, 3. fee Goute. To purge the lointsof flegme and rawc humors by vomitcand ftoolc, 11 ; 3 ,f. To cure the Ifihiatica, 422,3 460,d. For mans inuoluncanc t50,a.Iooke Gonorrhea. Hhhhh x To o/ Table of the Nature^ertue avd Dangers, To flay or flop all Iflucs of blood, 5054. 790, g. 86 o,b 4 8.4o,c. 8454.2844.9114.4524.4594.10584.1082,111,11024.11864 12274.1254/ 1263,1-1,11924.13064. To flop the extraordinaric Blues of blood, 284,0. 411,5.8604. 1292,a. Good againft the inordinate fluxcof womens Iffiics,284,6.1058, c.i 26341. To ftopalllfluesof blood in man or woman, 126341.1314,5. To flop white ifluesof women,1292,b.looke Whites. To helpe the 3 teeing in the corners of the eies, 41 o,f. To takeaway the Itching of the cics,887^.70^.1343^. To cure the Itch of thebodic,i28r,m. Good againft ortohelpc the Itch, 312,c. 542,d. 650, 1 . 6764. 7054.1052/1116/11524. Toctire ah manerof Itch,314,^10,2,1. To cure the feuruie Itch, 399,6. Toingender cuill 3lBtce,i99,a. 1050, g. To ingender a groffe,cold,and flegmacike Iuice,i 281,h. To ingender cold and rawe Iuice,7 2S,g. K T O take away the inflammation of the licmdjf vndcr the cares,iawes,necke,ar .choks,and flankes,568,3/. Good againft hard Kcrnels,5 3 o,a. Good for Kernels in the flankes, 1207,e. To watte away Kernels vndcr the 03^*4037,m. Toconfume or wafte away hard fwellings of the Kernels, 1064. 13 28, gjooke hard fwellings. To difiblue Kernels in the throats,293 ,c.i T 58/ To \vaftc away hard Kcrnels,4r 5,3.560,i.9<?4,b.i0^4,3,b. Good againft l&ibeg,665,1.1051 ,q. To healc Kibedhsele;,42,d.i78, <1.287,1.424,3.1052,!, 1387^. Toopen ftoppingsof thelattmetCSJ, 8954.3184.8694.341/. 428,6.444.0. 4634/4 3 5,6.96 3 ,i.i 13 3 ,b.i 3 29,0. Toclenfethc Kidneies, 502,41.83 2,6.318,3.693,3.1133,6.1x82,3, 1190,1.1248,d. To helpe obftru&aons of the Kidneies, 3,0.738,^888,3.318,3. 86S/.8694.878/42 8,b. Good for the vlcersof the Kidneies/3 i,b.7°9,g.9 58/. To ftrengthen the Kidneies,1082/, Good for the Kidneies, 23,3.504,3.884,6.871,*.907,0.95533419,0 729/12434.13 1S4.13334. T 1 brCake and driue forth the ftone in the Kidneies,x 85,0.3.19,3, c » 45 1,3.571, a.578,c.io66,b.looke ftone. Good for thofe that are troubled with the ftone of the Kidneies, 775,c.845/.638,a. 10484. To helpe exulceranons of the Kidneies, 802,b. 318,a. 3413d. XI2I,k. Good for or to affwage the painein theKidnties, 832/. 287,3. 3r8,a.8 7 7,c,d. 349,3,0.724,6. 984,k.103 5,0. >73 3 c * XI 33» m - 1 2484,125 s,b- To helpe inflammations of thcKidn ies/i 3/.?02,a. Good for the dugs of Tuue that haue beene bitten by a vcnc- mous wormegor are chapt,646,3. Tcfoften the It mg0euiU,47,g.54,0.65,0.2934.1342,a. To conluine and vvafte away the Kings cuill s 41 5;,.' , 5684.984/. 1037/1133/1180/.13 28/. To dilloluc and cure the Kings euill, 749,0. 217,6,854,3.8594. 86o,e. ^93,04954.5606.638,6.665/.6774. To amend the lorhfome colour of the Kings eudl.963.!. To kill or driue away fee Gnats. Good for weeping wounds of rheUtnC?3,509,6. Fo,r lutitting of bones Angular good,7 5'9/,f,g. To take away I^nob0,4o8,d. Toconfume or make iubnie hard ;5n(ifS;96,b.T 90,1.397,6. To watte or confumeand healchard Knots ill or about the fun¬ dament/ 66,6.1091,6. L G Ood for HftmcneO'e, 10164. To caufe Iatlkclteft/964/. Good againftthe 3 laf&C,i 31796- Good againft the Laske proceeding of raw humors/14/, 4 184. Good for thofe that arc troubled with a hot Laske, 412, c. To ftay or flop the Laske, 324.65/. 7 ^§- 794 . 102,6. 505,6' 7484,6.790,5. 2154. 2274.860,6.839/840/. 8414.8874' 8904.3 12,6. 314/.872,d.8 7 5,d. 8bo,a. 9114.9154. jvf^. 3 234.419^.4334. 545,6.549,6.6304.638/. 657/474,;,. 72844.7364.9834.989/. 10374.10504.1764. 10834/. 1 x 08/11404.x 1474. x 1584/11674.1174,g.i 18 6,3.11954. 1227,0.124444.125644.12594. x 263,p. 12644.12704. I283.b. 12924. 130/c. 13094. 13 14,g. 13264. 13543b. 1 375 ,a. A remedie for allkinds ofLaskes, 318,6.1050,b.x 2274. Good for a Laske of long continuance, 728/. 1 oftay theLaskeinyoongchildren,970,0. Good for them that would be JUane, or tofat the leane, 1225 c I289,g. 5 ‘ To procure Uccbcne,954.fee Bodilie Juft. Good for the inflammation of the Ileg0,676,6.709 f. Totakcaway fwellingof theLcgs gotten by eoldeer lont> Han¬ ding,62,a. Good againft manginesofthe Legs,491,b. To helpe the old aches and paine m the Legs, 219,b. Totakcaway fwellings ofthc Legs, 4914.4974,409/1 347/. To cure old and filthie vlcers of the Legs,2894. TohealefcabbcdLegs,43 54.721.6,12784. To kill H eoparb0,75 5 4. Goodfot fuchashaucthelct/ctrgJC, 190,g. 8564. 897 h. 10164.1202/. To helpe the Lethargic,4574.453/. Argood purgatiob for Header#,8274. To ingender the Hejj)30fie,i 3 344. ToeafcthcLeprofie,3o6,e.i 172,7. To take away Leprofics,8 274.4634.557/558,6.73(5/. Good againft the Lepric,65 74.72045. 13 28/. 13 6 14. To caufe Leprie, 1050,5. To he ale the Leprie,7434.408/,460,5.7284. . Good againft llentile?, 13 28,h. Totakcaway Lcntiles in the face, 765,/ 115, h. 8554. 2884, 2933 Cit *3 3> rI 3 *8/. TokilllLtcc, 5 224.709/. I I72,n.i 1954.1307,6. To driue Lice out of the beard, head, and all other parts ofthc bodie,399,b. To deftroy Lice in clothes or apparel!, 3 994. To hcale Lichens (that is tetters or ringwormes) in children or yoong Infants,13144.13764. To preferue and prolong the iUfe of man, 73 4/73 54. To cure the burnings by iligbtmng, 278,3.288,2. To clenfe the 3 UgI)t 0 ofrawhumors, 12484. To helpe lLfttt 0 burnt withfire,987,2. To cure Lims out of toinr,987,3.1202/fce members. Good to bathe Lims out ofioinr,i 227/. For chaps ofthc ilipg, 115 24- - Lnimie"to the l>tuer, 2934.10174. . T Good for the Liucr,882,b.3 ! 8 j/h.9664.1004.3. Tocoole thchot4urningoftheLiuer,2 22,a.845,f.94r,d.32i4. 1009/. 1t43,b.Iookc inflammation. Got d againft the Hoppings of the Liuer, 1244.7384. 7 654. 8 3 24.840/8434-6894.2794. 3184.868/. 936,b;348,6. 35 2,0.42 84-575, a .689,c.977,b.ioo44,c.i34i,d,e. Tohelpe obfttudiionsoftheL:ui.r, 34.2794. 3184. 930,64. 9364.9384.4274. 437 3 a. 4 6 39 a - f° 74 - 5784.695,0.706/. loo4,c.i202,b' I'257/. 1341.64. Againft paine of the Liuer, 574.1 073 4,1300.3. To coole the heate ofthc inflamed Liuer, 66, €.845/3214.4574 5124.702, 6.1009/. To mollific and take away thehard fwellings of the Liuer. 188, c. To ftrengcheu the Liuer, 9384. 5074. 1082,6.1834.13524. 1354/. T >comforttheLiuer, 8394.13174.13414.1350,a. To (court or clenfe the Liuer,10444.11334.11164.11904. To t ake away the feeblenesof the Liuer, 9304.1035,2. looke Wcaknes. To fta/e or reprefie the wafting of the Liuer,3484. Good for thofe that haue cuill huers,3 5 2,b.57 6 4,c. 1178/. To helpe them that haue a weakc and coldc Liuer,5 24/10254. Good for the Liuer-fickc,icoo,b. A good medicine againft II catijtttg ofmeatc, 848,5. 12074. Tohdpethc foreand.pained loin 60,1073,0. To ft aic the Hoticjtttg of women with childe, 7284.6.733,g. Good Table of the Nature?eft tie,and Dangers* Good againft JLccfou# of the finewes,77o,o.638,a. To ftaie the LooScncs of the belly,1337, c. lookc (top the belly. Good (or Loofencs of the joints,649,^. Good to be pur in &3tiOKSf for cankers and fores in childrens moutlies,! 209,3. Good to be put m Lotions for the priuie parts, & fealdings with women,i 109, a. An excellent Lotion or wail ling water to hcale fores in the mout ii and priuie parts of man or woman, to fa hen teeth, 109 2,i. To eajul'e if OiiCj^^rn. To makcone JLou>Ge,i3 18,3. A medicine againft the Lowfic cu jH.357,c. Todill'olueknotiie ot hard iluntpSm any part of the body, 40,0. <?S,a.7i,a.747,b.3^o,c.899,h.56^,b.7X4,b. To mollific and difpcrfe hard I.umps,68,a. To wa flea no make fubiili h3rd Lumps,96, b. To cure a iiunatlliC perfon,8i t,b. Toquiet theLunatikc, 654//. To make frnooth the roughnei of the s.KltgS/ 5,3,729/. Good for the Lungs, 12 56//.13 28/. To open or remooue obftitnSions ot ftoppings of the Lungs, 124,b.770,f.340,f.S7S,f.470,c. 107^.1148,0. Toclcnfethc Lungs, 459,b, 546,0. 563,3. 578,11.586,3.649/. 9S 4) c.ni6,r.ii57,k. Afpeciall remedie ibrconfumption of the Lungs, 114,0.79 5/. 563/087,3.1174,6.1223,0. To helps wheafing of the Lungs,557,<1.563,0. To helper 1 hr Lungs thac arc inflamed, 765.504,3.318,^465,b. 572,0.701,3.1533, .i. A remedie for the fluffing of the Lung‘,770,1.869,0.517,0.541,0. 698,0. !239,b. Againft the vicers of the Lungs, 5 04,3.505/. $63,0.661/663, a. 665/. Good againft the courhoftheLungs/rp,0.1388,3. T o denfc the pipe s of the Lungs, 13 S,b.7 29,^.984,0.1 r 20,a. To concoft raw humors of the Lungs, 9 84, k. Good for the Lungs oppreffed with rawe and colde humors,5 7,f, 9oS,c. Hurif nil to the Lungs, 1 050,1* To procure orftir vp bodily 3Lwff}95j3.97> c - 11 4s r -I33>h.i 5 t L- r h I 58 ,b.i 75 ,a. 754,3.193,0. 195,0.883,0. 895,3.274,3.868,0. 871, 3, 872,a,c.S74,b.S 80,3.899,0.955,a-445/.57 1 ) r -^^4. a .b. 627,0. 629,11. 665,0. 968,3. 977,3.993,3,0.1024,3.1047,3. 1099,0. 1 174, d. 1 246,0.1 248,0.125 l,d. 1154,f. x 256.b, c. 1289,11.1334,1: To reftraine bodily Luft, 158/772,s. 419,0.1 201,3. To flay Luffing ofwomen withchi]Je,72 8,a/.7 3 3,g. To calc ah ilujcatiettg^.b. M T O bring ^JJatiueS, 270,3, A medicine againft Madnes^ 18/4.57,9. To cake away Madnes, proceeding of melancholic, or of the fplecne,4635 b. To cure the biting of Mad dogs, 26,3. 6o,a.|ooke biting. TokiJij&pagOtffji i86,g. l o cure Ls^iUbeilSof cb.c grcenc fleknes, and fence againc the huely coheir into their faces, ioi,b. Wliar dothcaufe afaire and well coloured Maidc lookehke a tallowc cake, 69, c. Good foryoong Maidens that want their courfcs 55 8/630/. To keepc downe the dugs and paps of Maidcr.s,8o3,a. To make 3 sfipan well co!ourcd,H4,e. To make a Man gracious in the fight of people, 440,6. Tokeepe a waifaring Man from wcarifomnes,946,4. A purgation good for a furious and mad Man,8i7,a. Deadly to Man.818,b.82 2,a. To make a Man barren,744,b. Tocaufea man tojookcyoong,in6,r. To kill a marrin lb eh fore as though he feemed to die laughing, 815, Tocaufcrocn to beget ^alc children, 158,2. To csfc thofc thac be ^angtC,6o,f. To takeaway or cure Mangincs, 288/1,854/31 2 : ?. 314/•j99>b. 408^.429.0.650,!, Good againft Mangines of the hands andlcgs.49t,b. TocureMangincsofthc bodie,i 281,111. An cfpeciallremedieagainft the night S^arc,833,f. To take away blew and black iiparhCfS.cauled ot brulings, T91/, 9384.720,6.722, b. J252,c. To take away Matkc* remaining after fmall pock; ormcafeli, 696,1.1276, g. To take aivay'blacke and bkiv Markcsjthat are gotten by ftripes or fals, 759,e. 854,3.802,0.540,c.722,b.i 2514-. To caufe Matkcs iu wottndcs to be fatre and well coloured, 1 io 3 ,b. To take away Markesoutof the skin,8u,b. To takeaway blacke Markes of the face, 7 20,0- To takeaway blacke and blew Markes of the skin, 722,0.1044,0. G ood fo r 1 h e 5 J 5 p £t ri£, I o 13 ,g. For fwelling of the Ma t ri x , I o’7,q.i 03 5,3. To helpc the coldncs and flopping of the Matrix, 3 o,d. 5 27,e,f. 546,0.1027,h.]©65, a, To moliifie & open the Matrix,47/ 5 27,0.5 3 5,e.iC73,b.i 2 3 S.ce To helpc the inflammation of the Matrix, 40,0. 291,1.419,0. 445,11. uo2,d. Tocurcch; fuffocation and ftrangling of the Matrix, 892,5. 893,3.527,0/. , Tobimgthe Matrix into hir right place, 1073,6.892,3. Toclcnfethe matrix ,91,3.2 8 2,014.-; 9,6.698,a, Toclofcthc Ma nix,6 24,3. Good tofofeen the hardnes of the Matrix, 147/. 149,0.445,0. 5 24, *,6527,0.1108,d. To helpe the ftrangling and paines of the Matrix, 8 33,f. 878,0. 341, g.946,0.445,0.553, a.;87,d.i202.d. To remooue hoc Iwellings oft he Matrix, 149,4. Good for an impoftumc ofthc Matrix,1027/1, To cure fores ofthe Matrix,7; i,b. Towaftear.d confumr, breake or fcattcraway thewirtdir.es of the Matrix,795,a„84?,h«5^7,d 908. To cure the vicers ofthe Matt ix/px,1,1027/1. To curcthcfrettings and vicerations of the Matrix,419, e. To purge the Matnxorwombestcerchiidcbeating,698,a.lcioke Women or Second ine. To fcoure oiuflegmatikc through the guts,856,0. To rai'e rotten Mattcrouc of the cheft and lungs, 1256,0. Tocaule peftilcntial Matter ru breath fooithby the pores of the skin, 815,b. Good againft t!te £$c afd 0 ,504,3.53 5-5.657,5.1318/. How to colour wit h,i 24/1. A plcafant Meats,596,3.6x4,a. Good for fuch as cannot brooke their Meat,542,a. — A Angular iJtfJc'DlrittC forthcyellowiaundies,9o,a. 124,9.1 37 ,d. 529,3.854,0.257,0.314/ 912/,c. 919,0.936,3411,5. 42 2 ,d. 573 ,d. 57 G a ^ 57 ,o- 7 -d,d.n i^,c. A good Medicine to denfc the chcft andlungs,1174,0. A familiar Medicinefor r II ages and fcxcs,xi 15,0. To defend from the hurt ofpoifotious Medicines,946,1!, Againft deadly Medicines,712,b. A convenient & holfome Medicine for the ftomack,410,3.411,5 A Medicine that may fafely be gitien to ail weakc people of whac age or fexe focuer they be,i 243,2. A lingular and prooued fdcdicinc againft the ftone inthcblad* der, 572 ,i. A Medicine againft all poifons of venomous be^fts,952,a, A purging Medicine in many di'eafes,fit for all ages,iix4,b ) c,d, An excellent purging Medicine for dahuie people, 1115/m. A Medicine good for children and vvomenwithchildc, 3x8, 1 , 1243,s. An amorous Medicine,696,01. A Angular Medicine againft forfeit,702,6848,5. A good Medicine for thofethat arc b’urftcn,762,b.291,2. A good Medicine againft cankers,745/684/. A "cdicine'forthcpieurific,3i8,f.ioi9,c. 1073,3. A Medicine for feaucrquattai.ncs,854,h. 1009,0. A lingular Medicine fm the ftonem the ra.inesj572,i. A Medicine againft fealdings, in the priuie parts of man or wo¬ man,745/. A purging Modicinefor the ftomacke,4io,a. A remedie for the V^Cgntn, 7 70/.287,3.288,0.460,5.512,0. To cafe the pain ofthe Megrim, 915,0.468,3.638,*.73 5,1-1.1223,!. To purge eland) OliC,460,f/1,5 27.0.654/.1 x6,b,0/1.1317/, Good fora Mel.4Rchol)kcperfo!i,856,c.827,a.46o,i,527,d.548/ Hhhhh 2 Good Ksf Table of the Nature, Danger, md Vertws , Good tcdriucaway Melancholic,654,0.840^.560,a,d.in6.f. To purge Melancholikc humors by ftoole,817,3. 460,^.463,0. 5 27, d. J4^c. Good for thofc that arc troubled with Melancholic, 817,3.460,(1 ^5 27 >d. To hclpc any difeafe of Melancholic, 460, g. The iHpeUlOte plaiftcr,! o 3 5 ,t>. Tofwagethe paincand take away the fv/cliing and inflammati¬ on of ^cmbeVS! vexed with the gout,849,f. To hclpc or cafe all Members out ofioinr, 34,b. 8j4,c. 638,3, <r 49 5 h. 7 i 3 ,c- 973 jd.iioz J) f. To rake away rhe patneand inflammation of Members out of ioinr, and Grmelyro knit theiowt s 759,d. To dry vp and hcalc moift and malignc vlcers of the priuy Mem¬ bers^ o,f. - ^ To rake away tumors and fwcllings that happen to Members whole bones houc been broken or out of joint,7 59,g. Good for Members torne,rcnt and bruifed,507,3. Good for a black;: and bruifed Member, 'declining to mortsfica> t io ;),<Tr 9,f, ' To take away the fluking or trembling of the Members,^ 24,b. To war me colde Members, 1676,v. To ftrengtheruveake mcmbei 5,1161,3.1346, d. To keep. wounded Mc«ibersfrom inflammation and rankling, or being rankled to take away the fame,445,0. To cure the apoftemes and tumors ofthd priuy Members, 147,b. To hclpc Members fubiefttothc palfsc. 469,6,0, To eafe membra fhrunke vp,491,3. Toftrengthen and prclcruethe wcakn«d ^efBO|4?,33ijb.73J,b 1009,b. To comfort Memorie,537 ,cm ;n,:. To quicken the Mcmorie,624,6.1 , jc.a. To flop the ouertnuchflowing of thciJiSpCllfetf, 913,*. ii44,d. 1147,3,1160, b. 1190^.1389,2. Toprouoke womens Menfes, 72,0. 864,3.862/, 883,5.92^,3, 564,2,962,£996,0. xooo,b.i044,<). 1184,5.1194,3. 1195,b. iao 2 J d,i 2 X 9 ,a.iat 3 .g.ia 39 ,b.i 2 j 7 ,k.i 349 ,b. To make one ^ew,i 24,9.599,<:.6<4 , ,c.73 i,f. $ 66 , 9 . n6o t c. T o keepe from 5 ©)emgai 0 ,i 202,g. Good againft,or to cure Mcrrigais,287,t,1178,3.1387/. To kill ^tC£,3 57,c. To inereafe or caufe much in womens breads that giue fuefee,178,b.i 85,1. 23 a/.a4i,>.306.0. 8773b, d.878,i.380ja. 9 26, a, 420,2.448,3.859,0.1062, n 15,3, c.x 174, d. To cruddle Milke, 1007,0. Todrievp Milke,548,a,xo76,r, Not to fuffer Milke to middle or waxes lower in the ftomacke, 5 ? 3 > f - To procure Milke in e?;ttle,io59,a.io0i ,a.1 o6a,a> To hclpc the ^tlfific be vrafledj^oi t f. To cure the hardnes of the Milt,195,c.395,s,698/»97o 3 e.ros7 il g l i 327 ,d. To inollifie and take away harde fwcllings ofshc-Mi’r, i88,c. 897,2. To fcourc the Milr,1044,0.11 x6,t.x 133 ,b. Toopen the ftoppinvsof u-: Milt, 749,3.595,2.4^8/.463,3/. 470,c. 53 5,0.647,x! 1 ,f.i 129',c .1133 ,b, j. Toiielpeoi cafe ihepaint oft he Milt,6 t8,c.7 49,0.305 ,f. Todriucaway forrow and care of the StjhnbC, 5So,g«. 654.3. 455,0.75 2,£l.Jl6o,c. Good for thole th;:t are troubled in Mindw,46o,d. To tfoubiethc Minde^o,;). To exhilarate of glad the minde,3 0,0.454, a. 1160, c. To mgendcr I 16, c. t Againft the poifon of 3 3 ,s. To draw ojUch ^fJoiftnve from the bead and ck-u'ethebrainc, 399 , d- Todrse vpouermuch Mdifture ofthe ftomacke,1207,0. Againft exceflme Moifture of the; a es,xi58,f. To bring downe the courfc of women , 47,c. 5c,b. 944,0.410,8.542,!). To flop the Monthly courfc,890,0,4x9,(1.look : Flowers. To bring downe the Monthly fickncs, 53 5, a. Iookc for defired ficknes. To flop the inordinate coutfeof the Monthly fickncs, 748,8, 784,3.389,^1144,d,x 264,0. Tocicnfcor take away the 141/. I49,d. 3 go,a. 67438.998,3,1045 ,c.f223,d. To clenfc or take away the white M i phew, f. i .,6.41 7,3.684/. To take away the blacke Morphcv ,417,3.684,6. To clenfe the Morphcvv of the face, 94,b 765/. 227,6.674, b. 721,1.1158/. To icourc away the Morphcw of the skin,'7 yp/.g 27,0,674/. Good for fuch as are uoubled with ./he rifir.g of the ^ 8$tr, 2 58^. 899 ,1.x 019,0.1072,3.1 in, g. ii9o,t>. Tohclpe the fuftocation or ftranglmg or flopping of the Mo¬ ther, 854,0.892,2.878,0.833,£946,0,470,1:. 5*7,6.546,0.560/, - d ,44 3 ,b. To moliific and foften the fores of the Mother,790,5, To clenfc the Mother and hclpeconception,263,6,578,1. Good for the pafiions ordifeafes cf the Mother, 874^.762,6. 1223,6. To caulc the Mother fallen downe to rcturne to hir naiurall placc, 892 , 3 .xi 58 J g. To molltlie the tumors and hard fwcllings of the Mother, 787,0. 445,0.527,e.J027,i.xi 8o.c. To hclpc or .calc the painesof the Moth, er, 391,0. 445,0. 833,4. 878 ,e. 946 ,c. 5 £T, 3,5 87,d.io72,a,iiii,g. A preient remedie fot the fits ol the Mother,287, 6.946,0. To reuiue thofc that he ftrangledwiththe Mother,897,h56o,b. To kill the childe in the Mothers wonabe,i 95 ,e. To keepe garments from £i';j attesting,or Mothcs, 843 ,<1.938,?. 941 ,f.9 51 ,0.5 20,b.x 0 24 ,d. 111 i,l.x 3 5 x,c. Toktll Mothcs,iiS6,;r. Againft thebitingsof the ‘S'fyoviz called a Shrcw,x41,^938,1, Todrievp moifi: and heale virulent vlcers cf the To cure all vlcers ofthe Mouth, 410/. Good againfl vlcers and forcnesorihe Mouth, 919,e. 325,6, 507,(1.581, f.6 2 4,6.677,<•* Good tovvalh the Mouth wit hall,1244,d. To ftaieor cure putrified vlcers of the Mouth,83 9,f.ic>3i,b. To ripen and br&ake iropoflumes and tumours of the Mouth, 465.3, Tocurecankersofthe Mouth,841, c.371,b.lookeCankers. Good againft thsinflamnnation andburning heat ofthe Mouth, 845,3.3 23,0.5 70,3.677,6.728,3 .1 09 1 ,a.x 25 2,6.1306,3.13 26,b. To caulc a good lent in the Mouth,886,c. Toalfwageand confunae haruapoflemes, tumors and coroliue vlcers in the Mouth,37,6,0, A medicine for lore Mouthes sn children or elder people, 745/. To healc vlcers in the Mouth, 2 r4,6.841,0,963 ,!.i 1 o 2,b. 1 1 21 ,h. 1207.6.1209.3.1210.3. To bring much water, or caufe flegme to run out ofthe Mouth, 864,6,849,01.306,6.619. d. An excellent jSpUtt&iUcafft}? for old vlcers and malignant forcs,863,c. How to hclpc the iljjRVVauie.and other infirmities afflifting cott!e,826.827.569,d. To cure or hclpe ali^tttS?,9 26,d. To hdpe thofc that azsftrangled with eating of 938,6.572/.! 07 5,0. N r ~T '0 flrengthen and comfort ^jtlatUtf,78o,a. A Toincreafe feed0,131,0.178,6.754,3. TadcAroyNaturallfecde,744,b, To bring downe Natural! f ckncsofwomcn,29,b looke ficknct. Good againlt /j^auclS of children that ftandeouc oaertnuch, 897 /- To take away look JjtJaflMf on the fingers or toes,729,6. To caufe rugged, corrupt and ill fauoured nailes to fall off, 445,(1.669,3,736,0 815,3.1170^.1x80,0. To confumeand driue away the fwcllingofthe ffltthc, 4865b. Tohcale the galled Ncckesof cattle, 970,b. Tohlpe the contradfion of the di5srtlC0,947,f.Lookc fr.rinkin?} ofSinevvcs. Goad for i(^tg!jc«)^? XlC0,1207,6. Good for flinging of fettles, 28 8,7.572,!:. To prouoke or caufe J!j^teflng,53,3,i90,f.540,«,548,f.i2i9,b. To clenfe the hairc of J^tt0,5 19,a.i oa7.r. To kill Nits,52 2,a.709,d.x 172,0.1 19 5, b.i307,b. Againft j]^Ohe0,on the Nerues or finewes,i 342,3. To wsftc ormake fubtilehard Nodes orknots,96,b.i8o,t.397,b. To helps the in the cares,13 42,3. Good L>f 7 *uhle of the Nature, Vertue, and Dangers. Good for the humming Nolle in the cares',i 3 g,d. Toftancbblecding at the J$9fe, 908,4.95 3,b. 3 $8/389/. 074,1. To caufc the Nofe to bieeJ,7479T 5,c. 1074,111. To take away thcdifcafco. thcNoic called 'Pofypuifi 54/684/. u86,c. To curcred fierie Nofcs^f/g. To c ure the old vlcers of the /j*ofh'tl£,709,0. To engender cuill Oimft)mcnt,i99,a. For thofc that are not Nourilhcd after their me ate, 1052, V. Againft jptUtmcffeofthefcete and hands,9 87,0. How toingendcror incrcafctmlke in ij^ttrfe0 breafts, 232/ X4I,3.306,0.878, 3.9 1^, 3.410,3.448, 3.659, b,C.T 12 - 5 , 3 . Toingendcra claniajie,pituirousand cold jj/ltnmcnt,i3 36,a o T O takeaway the SDbfCOritlC or datkenesofthe fight,88 8,c 5 4°, a. To open gDijftrMttCm.0,r4O,a.i3 50,3. To open Ooftruflions of ail inward parts, 1057,d. ToopenObftrutSionsofthe Liuer, 502/. 137^.73 8,b/749,a, 765,0.864/ 862,3. 847,0. 2 57,4.295,3.878/.91a,b,c.32i,b. 341,d.359,b.437,a.444,b.463,4.470,0. 507,0. 535,0.563,3. 647,3. 691,a-9^2,’• 996,11.1007,0.1057,4.1083,11. nii,f. r 133,11,i.1202,b. I223,g. 1225,01. 1246/4148,4. 1259,^4. 1289/1341/ Tohclpe Obftruttions of the liucr, 3,0.862,3.314,f.3 52,5,463/ Loolce liuer. Good againft Obftrucfionsor(loppingsofthefplccne, 689,0. I37)d .73 8,b,f. 749/. $68/, 869/. 930,b.394,a. 422,3. 57 5,a. ^ 47 j a - 977 ,h.ii 95 ,f.I 202 ,b. Tocurcorwaftc away Gedem*ta, that is colde fwcllings, 63 2, b. ix 54,c. A precious fDtle,good to cure deepe wounds, and thofe that are made thorow the body,or nude with any venemou* weapons, and alio pricktlincwes,533,0/. An Oilc feruing to many purpofes,445,g. An Ode good to annoint all rough hardnes and fcuruincs gotten by itch,400,0. An excellent Continent for members out of ioinr, goutc and kibed h:eles,696,0. Good againfl Opium.946, d.541,8. Tohdpe^DpptlattCnffj’M/^ 8 ?! 3 - 1 ^ 1 }^^* Againft £>pp2c(ltotl>)f thcchcft with ra;V& cold humors, 57/ To lay open iSDjtfiCCS of fiftulacs or iftlicf, 1235,m. Tocnre the dilcale named in Latino Gf.tdo,yi^.9, Ag!'iitft<5>Umarrmgoftbeftomack ; -,io5o,ni. Good againft 3DncrflOU)ttig0of ir.oiithumors, 1099,a. To dift.duc £Dutgroremgs ) 747,h. To take away iuperfluous Outgrowing* of thefle01,854,1.266,0, Toconfume away windicOurgtowing*,790,f.87 5,9. To kill £D)ccn,62 2,3. To hcalc the galled ncckcs o?Oxen,970,b. P T O cafe thofe that make water with great ljSam£,76o,a. To remedic the Paine in the head called the Wcgrim,287,a. 288, r.46o,g.rex 3,1,1390,6, Toafiwage Paine, 282,1.878/. 44 495,3,617,11. 1207/ 1256/. To mitigate al! kind of Paine,283,3.298,4.616/. To mitigate the Paines in the cares proceeding of obftiuftions, 261 /.341,g. 573,c. 1 223,4. Toaflvvage the Paine of the gout, 8 59, L: 050,0.1055,0. To mitigate extreme Paines that proceed of the ftonc, I 2 57>G 78 9/,c. To heale thcPaincoftheftomacke,prnccedingofCholer,2i7,a 5?4,a - To cafe the intolerable Paine of the hot gour,i 3 28 Againft Paine in thebrcaft,46o/. 1073,0.1076,q. 1349//. To he) pc Painesofthegur,ref7nwi»tc/?:M«v2,ic77,r. To take awav all manner ofPainc,789,6.445,0. For Paine of the ftomacke proceeding of a cola caufe,i 3 27/. Good againft, or to cafe the Paine in the kidneies, 897/. 287,3, 865,a,897,b.578,c,iO35,c.i073,b.n3? ;) m. To caie the Paine of the guts .and intrailes, proccedingof colde caufcs, 1349,0. Toeafe the Paines of theguts arZ intrailes, proccedingof cru- ditic,S92,c. To take away the Paine from thofe which arc bitten of Serpents, 1019,e. Againft the Paine in the head and ftomacke, 28 8,0.938^.546/ 1223/. Agaitii.r all P.tines oftheioints,! 349/ 1 o cure all Paines proceeding of wmdie and cold caufcs, 13 54,0 Good againft , or to alfwagethc Paines of tlic finewes, 6c,e. 445.)h.526,0,899/. Againft Paine of thcbladdcrioined withheatcand (harpnes of vrinc, 729 ,d. Good tor Paine of the chcft,io 2 5,3.1073,0. To cure all manor of oldc Paines, piocecdingof a colde csnfe, 190/1346,0. To mitigate Paine of the eies,proceeding of heate, 1082,0. To takeaway the Paine of the pome, 2 50/287 /.fee Goute. Tohclpe the Paines in the tulc, 87/ 789/. 300,3. 865,3.919,3. 445.1.460.4; 535,a.5^3j a .586,a.6i7,o. 624,0.984,1, 1073,0. 1076,0.1300,3. Againft griping Paines of the bellie, 23/891,c. 875/. 897,3. 938,2460/. 540/. 553/.1009,0. 1019,3.1035,0, 1076,(3, i23o,c. Againft Paine in the head,proceeding of a cold caufc,1 299,0. Againft the griping Paines of the bellie in women after they be brought to bed, 27 ,a,loofee Throwcs. Againftthc long continued Pains oi the head,460^.554,3.711,a Againft the Paine of the teeth,815/. looke T.iotl ache. A remedie againft old I cities of the hucklcboncs,i 017,3. looke Sciatic*. Profitable againftthc Paines of tile bladder, 81,3.789/865,3, %>7/-9C2,a . 526/. 578,0.665,0. 984,k. 1035/. 1133,m. 1346.3. For fainting of womens faces,657//. To purge chaps and rifts in the ?/alriC0of the handsbeing co¬ fin germane to the fcab of Naples,8 <9,e.8<j 9, tr. To kill panthers,622,0. For Ranting of the heart, 845, c. looke Pa/on. Tokcepcdowne maidens ^£>ap0/c>3, a. To cure fore Paps,751,b. TodiiToiue orwafte away the hardnes of the Paps, 42 2,6.423 ,e. Good againft the inflammation of the Paps,198,0.1307/ Good againft the hard fwelling Parsnip 8,c. Tocure vlcers of the Paps,291,1. T o ftay 32>arb?afeitig,5 53 ,a.?ooke Vomiting. Tocurcthe inflammationcf the lecret-JS)attS 0 in man orwo- man,452,0.454/445,0. Toclenfe the inward Partes,519,0. Tocomfort ;heir.<warn Part.-s,878,f.702/. Good forweake and ftcble Partes. 1027/ Todiflokie nd confume cluttered blood in any inward Part of the bodie/43,0.459.3,507/972,a/ Toftrengfhers the inward Partes, 1317/. To cooiepr temper the h. ate of tlv nriuie Partes,232,e. To ftrengtbcn a Part weakened with fuperfiuout. moifture, 1099,0. Good for wounds and vlcers of the feeret Partes, 794,3. 878,0. 419^.45^.453/507,0. Againft the inward Partes inflamed, 775/.318/. 471,3. <12,~. 702/. 128r,i.looke Infls mmation. To heate Partes 01 er cold,1016,f. To mitigate or coole the extremitie ofheatc in the inner Partes, 768,3.419,0.471,3.702,01.1281,5. To take away the fierie heateof Partes that are bitten or flung, 1037,1. Hurtiull to the inner Partes,137,3, Toftrengthenfinewie ftartc‘, 1 110,3. OfFenfiue to firm? and foiidc Partes of the bodie,298,0. To m akc rough Partes fmooth,i 174,?. Good for the inward Partes that are broken,rent orhurt,6:8,a. To fallen or draw togithcr flacke and faint Parts 3 ii67,a. A medicine againft the vlccrations andfealdingsof thepriuie Parts,745/. To aflwage fwelling ofthe priuieParcs,io5J,m. To cure wound s of the inward Parts, 5 0 5 ,c .3 31 /. - To ^ATable of the Natures,Vertue andDangeys. Toexpellthe venomeofthe peftilencefrom theinwardcParts, _ 3i $,0,84*7,3. To clenfe and open the ftopped 462,2.658,3.1000,3. Toatfwagethccholericke$i>affiOElji5 $/. $ $7,d.iZ47,r. FortbePaflionofthe heart, $42,ufec Heart. For the mclancholickePaftion,n6o,c. To cure the 5/anlfic 3 u6/,897,c.374,6,569/.624/.1 346,0. Good for the Pauific, 749/897/. 899/469/. 619/638,3,0. ioi6.a. Good for chol'e that are troubled with the fhafeiiig Paulfic,249,a. 614, b. To caufe the Paulfic s 298,d. To reft ore fpeechto thofc that haue the dumbe Pauific, 332,3. nn,c. Good for thofc that are taken with a dead Pauific,61 9,3. Toftay or take away the ,rfe of the etc, 563, e,f. 69 $/, roj^d. Good for fuch as are 29,b. Good for thofc that be Todriueaway Pcofiuenesof theminde,655,0. Good for oid Sj£teC£le that arc dull and without courage, toin- creafc their luft and ftrength,833,i. To nourifh and reftore aged People,and to a mend the defefts of nature in the younger,!000,c/,e. To helps thediteafecalled in Grecite xSztffld/uottA, $3,3. Toprefcruefcom the ilCKCS, and cxpcll it out of thofe that are infc&ed,i 25,i.840/.331,0. 668,b;6%,k.i 009,0. TTocaufe Peftslcr^uall mat to: to breath foorth by the pores of the skin,81 $/, To cxpell poifon of the Pcftiknce, and to caufe it to hreake foorth in bliftcrs in the outward part of she skin,! 47/.81 i,a, 815/. Singular againft the infeftion of the Pcftilence, 849,3. 919,3. 604,6.684/.! 009,e.i 07 $,p. Tobreake Peftiknualicarbusic!cs,orbarches:, 147,0.1009/. TodiiToiucandcurc PeftikmbUcarbunclcs^Q/.iocj)/. Againft Pcftilcmfeauers/Sz/, 668/684,k.1031/. Againft fM)Segme falling vpoii the Jungs,S95,b. Good againft So/. To dilfolue Phlegmons of the breaft, lungs, and rough arterie, i243,e. Good for a man,8 5 6,e.i 102/, To quiet a Phrentickc 11130,654//, To fionfume away ThymUta,! 15:4,0. Good againft the Pbren fie, 3 57, 3.638.0. Good to fatten f$>igC01?w,78,a. Good to limne ^ictUtC.Swith,! 24,0. To cure the ^Ht0,6^o,d,f:d 6 %c ,d.j 2 8,e. To ftop thefluxe of the Piles,8 $ 8,a. 288,x. 580,3. To open the Piles ofthefundamenc^ic/, 580,0. To cute the filling off ofthe haste, 90,0.190/. 949>g-<*74/. 696,1.985,0.1016/.! 252/. To take away 3jMmpIe£ of she face,76 $,f,g .841 ,c.i 1 3 3 ,r .1298, £ To take away the in the eie,ioi8,e.ic37,n.ii20,g.i3 $x,b. To open thcfptpf 3,643,3.984,0.1120,a, b. To clenfe the Pipes of the lungs, 138/1.984,0. A remebie for thofc that %3'itfc in bed, 72,g. To helpe Pifting by drops, 5 7,2.902,.->.444,0.4523d. 1276.0. Good againft, cr to ftop Piffingofblood, ai$,€.578,2.744/. _ 9o7/).349,b.4$2,a.454,a.677,f.iol6,c.i 244s 3 /- 1 375/* To caufe one to Pifte freely,888,3.891,2.895,c. 578,0. Good againft the hoc PilTe,498,a. To caufe haire ro grow on bare and pild ijj&IaCE&fjSjjC,. Good for Places out of joint,770,0. Good againft tbefMagUt, 820,0. 847,3.882/. 478,3.535,5. $99,3,604, c.668,b.ic7),p. r Apreferuitiue to keepe one from the infcS.ion of the Plague, and to driuc ic out if he be infccled therewith, .125, i. 847,3. 996,3.1075,0. Singular good for a Plague fore,811,3.815/487,c.i 009/. To driue the venotne of the Plague from t/e hart and other vi- call or fpirituall parts, 815,0.668/. Good for the sj&letmfic, 300,3.572,0. 635,3. 9oS,e. 1243/. 1256,0.12J7,g. Good againft an old Pkurifie,8$4,d.702,J.ii2i,i. A medicine for the Pleuri(ie,3i8,f.ioi9,c. 1073,3. To helps the extremitieof chc Pleurifie,624,g. Againft the ftp all 504,3.5 3 5,g.657,e .1044,0.13 28/. *y* ' * v . Good againft the French Poclres, 930,3. 463/. 705,0.536/. 1317/. Tohealc the French Pockes, 1004,0.1009/. What doth eafe for a time the French P..•eke r, yee net pemftlie ctirethcm,207,’. To preferuea man from being557,c. A remedic againft Poifon inwardlic taken,415/463 ,e. Good againft all poifon, 787/849, a.851,a.839/.S82,a. 287,!:. 899,!.329,a/.33i,c.357,3!.952,a. 540,3.587,c.695/. 698,0. 996 , 3 .ioo 9 ,d.io 69 ,a,e.xi 58 ,c.ii 90 ,e.i 223 ,d,i 2 8x,ft Aremedieagainft Poifon offerpents,29,0. 875.0.952,3.578/. Againft deadly Poifons, 198, 3.53 5,6.698.3.1 065,6.1281,0. To expdl Poifon, 45/. ^^.S^/.jox. €.875,0,d^yo/.^Jx/. 949,11,1.1252/. T o refill,or be an enimic to all colde Poifons,140,a.862,h.82o,3. ®47 />73 5jO, 12 5 2,c. 128 2,y. 13 42, a. 1 3 5 7 ,3 . A remedie againft deadly Poifon,7 51,3.949/442/ io75,p. To draw the Poifon ofa plague fore from the hare and other in¬ ward or virsli parts,8i 1,3. 8i5,c. To refill or withfiand poifon, 941, 6.603,3.649,?. 677/. 684/, ic 75jP. Good againft allPoifonsofvencmousbeafts,599, a. Good againft the difeafcPe/jtw.in the 001/323,3, To take away the difeafe called Vdyftu, in.the nofc, 854,!. 684/.1 r86,c, A lingular Voyukw,/^ 3/ To open the '/OZEff,617,3. . ’• To helpe the S3ofc ; 926,d. A SSjefcraatlUC againft a corrupted or peftilent aire, 141,0. 1328,0. A Prefcruatiuc again ft bitingsofalnsancrofwild bcafb,i 248,0. A Prefcruadus againft the infe&ion of /c plague, 1252, c. A Prefcruatiue againft all venome and poilon,13 28,0,5 57,e. The ^jcfcnitngofGrapcs awholeyeore/-28,-!. The Pot fit and difprofic of them,ibid,g. To d r a w ou c CSl ,5 4,g. Toftay the fpreading nature of Vterjgnm, 1292,'.?. To helpe thofc that be entred into a 3 c)itSclve,ii 5,g. Excellent good againft the Pnficke, 795,0.883,2.514/463,3. 987,b.n84,m.X223,c.i 148/. To cure the Ptificke,! 174/. A for all maner of fwellings,io.; 5,3.- Tocure^buuctUrCSfniadewiihlharp pointed weapons,288,7.,a. To farten ^tlllcn,and enufe them to lay ftore ofegges, 1069,/. To cure the ^UKlpIeS of the face or node,765,f,g. To f-)urge choler and wateriflx humors mightily, 47/40,1, 7 66,3.3 50,3.467,3.63 8/418,a. 123 5 /,fa 13 8, g. To Purge by fiege and vr .00,938,3.720,2. To Pufge choler and roughftcginc by fiege, 53/. x 16,3.897,3. 899,2^60,0.467,3.689,0.724,3.972,3.121 $,3,1235/. To purge the Bellic,410, a,73 8.5.778,5.7 £6/.250,e.252,.1.314.3, f-9^3,3.127,0.118 2,1,1246/. x 23 5 /, 12 59 sg-i 3 1 6,h. To Purge the belly mightily,779/. 718.123 5,b,f. To Purge by vrinc mightily,54/689/. To Purge by fiege ,93 4,11.7-244.1 1 37/.1 1 84/. To Purge gently cliole; ickc humors andflimic flegme, 1243,3. To Purge tough flegm3 ticke and raws watcrifli humors by fiege, 116,3.766/82033. 899 s e. 410,0.460,0. 722,3.724,a. 1017,h, 113 3,c,d,0.1238,?,%. To Purge tough, E>ro(ic,fiegm3tickc, and cholcncke humors by vomite,407,3.415,6.638 / 689,3, c,d. To Purge the head oi rawflcgmatickcluipiors, I35,d.6i9,d.fec Head. To Purge by vrine and fiege fuch as haue the dropfie and isun- dife,279,c,d. To Purge vpward and downward, 170,.2.287,2.919/1 286,0, To Purge chicks flegmatseke and choleiickc humors by fioole and vomite,i2S7,3. To Purge by vrin0,738/. To Purge gently, 89s,!. To Purge choler,flegme, and waterifhhumors by fiege and vo- 0/1,766,3.1133/ To Purge melancholic,973, 3 . To Purge grofleflegnie and cholcricke humors,770,01.689.0. To Purge downwardsflegme, choler, and melancholic, 827,3. 460,11.463,0. T o Purge forciblic by yomit water:/ humors,choter,and Hcgm, 638/, Kyf table of the Nature, Vertue , and Danvers* A purgation mcetefor thofe that are troubled with choier,a, lharpe fcauer tertian, thcycllowc iaundife, and bad liucrs, 3.18,e. A Angular and gentle Purgation,1 2 $9,g. ToPurgc vpwarde and downwardc vericvehcmentJy, 859,6 820^.1133.6 An cfpeciall Purgation to cure the dropfic, 47,b. 50,3. 187,g. 113 8,f,g.7 66,c,6827,6279,0.2 87. §,4-29,3 .420,0.1133 ,c,d-,c. 1135,6 An excellent Purger,4lo,g.io83,g, To Purge too violently,769.3.107. A familiar Purgcr for all peopic,i 115,i. Good for thofe that are fjiurfiie, 527,0. Good againft the ^ 2 >UrplC 0>5 3 5 >g- To cure th 4 Purples inyoongchildren,T029,a. To m ake a pcrfefl ^SiurplZ colour,266,0. To take away ^2>tttl)e0,9493 c . lo S I } c l- II 5 33^13 28,h. To healc Pulhcs in the eies,1334,1. To refill 3 £>ntrefclCtton, 84 0 j a • 93 S,e«4i o,b.4 x 9,b.729,c. Good againft PutrefaAion ofthc iawes,677,0. To flay Putrefaftion of the mouth, 630,6 Q iK-artaine ague,689,61009,k. looke Agucquartaine. To cure che.Quarrainc ague,849, k.Lookc Ague. Afingular medicine againft fcauer Quartaincs, 854,11.1009,0. A remedie againft old Quartaincs, 170, 11.463,3. To helpe the iUuCfliejS Euil called in Lanne Straw*,2i7,b. 1 ooke Kings euili. A remedie againft the venemous qualitie of jHutcUCUier, <71,6 To cure 4H«0tttllan3gucv,x 184,g,1341,d. Againft Quotidianfeauers,467,^.134i,d. R T O reprefie the iRage of lull,772,9. Toappcafe the Rage of fretting foreiand cankerous vkers 8 39 >g- Good for the 18 aine 0 ,i 243,c.r333,l. A remedie for the running ol the Raines, 47,0 56,6.4 $2, a 454,4 66i,a.665,1.674,d,h.iooo,h.n 3o,a.1182,^1246, g. 1308,11. To hclpc obftrudions of the Rainc»,3,d. Toclcnfe or purge the Raines,459,6.498,3. Good for the Raines of the backe,13 18,a. T ovoide graucllout oft he Raines, 42 8,e. A lingular medicine for the ftonc in the Raines,$72,6 Good for griefes of the Raines,693,n.7 24,b. The commodities of iftai6tl0, 729,4. Tocorrcftand take away the 18 anfc£Iie 0 of the whole bodie, orarmcholes,TOi3,a,b,c.lookcSn:cl], Bodic, Armcholcs. To kill iftat0,357,c. To wafte away iwaia5ehumors,747,a. 1073 ,c. To draw foot rh gently by ftoole crude and Ra we humors,x 115,c Good for them that arc full of Rawc humors,i 1 6,a . Todigcft and bring vp Rawe humors that lie in thccheft, 138,6. 208,b. Againft Rawnefleof the ftomackc,843,a. Tohelpc the iSell gtfm in children,218,0. To take away the lftetmC 0 of the face,85 5,0.845,6288,1. Toftaythe iftct) 0 , 962, d.ic8i,k.io83,c. n58,6.1227,6.1309,6. 13 26.3. looke Flowers. A iftzmetlte for flitches in the fide,843,6.984,!. A Remedie againft biting of venemous beafts,25o,e. A Remedie againft fore heads, 1044,0. A Remedie for Gangrenes,i 044,0. A Remedie againft fore heads in childrcn,553,d.1044,0. A Remedie againft griefc in the fidc,843,b, A Remedie for the wild fc 36,1044,0. A Remedie for the gripings ofthe intrailes,770,6 A Remedie againft dim eies,to74,h. A Remedie for all kinds of laskes,3i8,k.xo5o,b.i 227,0. A Remedie for the biting ofa mad dog,1083,61089,a. A Remedie for fluffing ofthc lungs,770,6869,0. A Rcincdie for iheurnatickc and watering eies,4i 2,a. 509, 5. A Remedie againft difquictnes,y awnings andffiiuerings,734,e. A prefent Remedie againft the fuffocation ofthc mother,898,00. A Remedie againft deafnes,2 50,b. A prefent Remedie for the chaps ofbcafts,3,e. ARemedteforachcof the hucklc bone, 198,6. 2 I9,d. ii2'\d. 1303,6,0. A Remedie againft an old quartainc ague, 170,3.463,3.849^. A Remedie lor thofe that pilfe in bed,72, 5. A Remedie agninft poifon, 847,3.949,642 2,6.178,657,0.659,0. 1066,d.1154,6.1190,6,1227, f. 1308,e. 13 28,c. A Remedie for the cankers in the cics called inGrcckc Carcim - OT(Z/ 4 , 250 ,k. A prefent Remedie againft the ftone,i 092,11. A loueraigne Remedie againft vcnomc,87 f,e. To prouokc iftefl:,79i,c. Good to hclpc thole that arc readic to faint for lackeof Reft, a88,p. JGcftojatiUC ro the bodie,1x74,6. Good againft if»jCUme«,34o,a.648,a. Tohelpc orcureRheumcs,9 26,d. To purge Rhcumatikc humor s cut ofthc hcad,7C7,h, To flay the Rhcumifmatx , that is fluxes of humors, from the ioints,6,f. Good againft cold Rhcumes, 747, 3.89 $,6.288, n. 11 1 i,f. 1 o ftay Rheumes that fall into the iawes and teeth, 1244,0, Good agamft the Kheume that fallcch into the chefi, 198,3. 287,1.288,0.1223,0. Againft lharpe and thin Rhcumes,i 149,3. To drie vp the Rhctimc,86o,i .1167,3, To Hop < r keepe backe Rheumcs, $ 24,d. 1037,^1167,3.1190,?. 1314,01342,5. Torcprcfic Rheumcs that diftil from the brainesinro the lungs, s p8,c,h. Againft Rheumcs that fallintothecics,288,r. Tocurcthe IRift£0 of the fundamcnl,790,g.37i,a.i202,6 To cure the Rifles in the palroes of the hands andfeetc, hauing affinitie with the Frenchdifeafe,69,b.8;9,d. To glue togichcr Rifrcs about the vaincs, finewes, and tendons ” 4 ,a. To take away the JSingmS found in the cures, 860,h. 706,3. 1055,0.1172,1. Good againft ifttns5»O?me0,657,a.3 18,b. T o take or fcourc away Ringwormes, 14 1^.747,0.827,0. To heale Ringwormes, 7 28,0.827,0.1376,6. Good againft cr to remooue lftottcnnc0 340,3 698,0. ForRottcnncsorrottingof thclungs, 11 21,1.1174,b. 1248,6. T26o,k. To take away 5 Rotlgl)ne 0 of thetoongin hot burning feauers, 1149,3.1265,1. To take away Roughnes of the throte, X41,0.63 5,3.654, b.70 2,0. 1120,3.1149,3.1334,6. Good againft Roughnes of the bladder,787^. To mollifie Roughnes of the brcal>,i 318,3. To helpe the inward lftuga£t>ne0 ot the eielids, 410,6 To take away Ruggedncs of the windpipe,701,a. Good for Ruggednes of the skin, 178, h. Totake away Ruggednes of the lungs, 1315,6,1318,3.1334,0. To cure all Roughnes ofthe skin, 408,d.1243,11.1289,^1328,6. To caufe IButntyUtigin the ftomacke,! 11 5,6 To cur6 JSunnmS of the cies,1305,6. Toftay the Running of thceares of long continuance, 70 9, c, 1152,3. Good for lRU|)tttrC 0 , 54,h.327,a.455,a.457,b. 509,0. $77,a. 66r,c,i.ro26,b. Good for Ruptures in yoong children,897^ .6 80,a. Good for inwardRuptures,53 5,3. Againft Ruptures in yoong children,9 84,!. 1026,b. To cure Ruptures andburftingsof therim,83 9,d. To helpe or cure Ruptures,87,6.793,6.802,6.859,6.291,6958,3, 436 ,c. 5 i 4 , 3 . 648 ,c.ii 43 ,c.ii 86 ,c.i 29 8,g. A remedie to cure great Ruptures that hauc beenc of long con- tinuancc,793,b. s G Ood for thofe that be $27,(6 Todriue away Sadnes,560,3,5!,654,e,e» Good Table of the Nature , Danger, and Vertues. Good andholefome for J£)clUaT)eS,S8:> ,c. For the 0 aitneS of humcrs,ii2i,k. \z6 5,k.i i48,a. 7 29}d. An excellent ^>alue to cuie.wCunds and old filthie vlcct s of the legs, 2893b. ASaJuetocureapoftetncs, tumors, greenc wounds^inuetcratc vlccrs,burnings,hurts,ortutsof the head,:. 8 5,a. A Saluc for many good purpofes, 285,3. An excellent Salueto incarnate or bring vpfiefh in deepe hol¬ low wounds and vlccrs,431 3 b. 524,0. 'To diffolue cluttered ^>sntl,anddi!iieit foorth,185,0. To driue foorth Sand, 7 6o.a.lookc Grauell, To drtue foorth Sand of the kidneics,12403d. Tocurepcrfc&lyaHmancr^auceflegme^j/.iooo,!. Good for justice,? 5,2.1423b 18 5 ,a. 188,a,190,a. , A pica fa nt and holefomc Sauce for mans bodtr,428,cJ031,a, T o cure fpreading £j)Ca'£0,72.,d. To take away or heal Scabs,827,0,312,0.188/1.314/429,0.542/. 5 8 6,c.6 5 0/720,5.728,0.736/. 99 8,a,n 16/1207/, x 246/, X255,d. To helpe Scabbedheads in children,14r,g. To cure the Scabs of horlcs and kine, 125 5/. Tohelpcfcuruie Scabs,3 12,0.314/ Profitable againll Scabs of the skin, 738,6.287/288^. 930,8. 705,11.1287,0. To take away Scabs of the skin in fhort time,12233b. To cure all mancr Scabs of the bodies 14,f. Good tor Scabs of the b!addcr,ii20,e. To cure running Scabs,408,d. To cure Scabs infheepe,i044,,g.i 25?/- For thofe that be Scabbed and haue filthie skins,57 5,8. Againft ^calDingof thevrine,ii74.d. 1308.fi. TohealcScaldingwith oile or water, 42,a.242,g. 278,a.283,z. 291,k. 1099,b. A good medicine againft Scaldir.gs inthepriuie partes of man orvvoman,745,f. Good againff ScalJings, 91,0.288,2.413,e,433,h 625,8.105 5,0. I2IO, b. 12 3 5,1.1238, e.i 265,k. 1305, e. To take away he ate of Scalding by water or oilc,T3 J,k. Tocure all mancr of Scaldings, 278,3.291, k.6^,^.66o } (l 708,3. I099,h,i278,b. To take away ^calCS?,I25 s ) c - To help the Scales of the head,34,c.985,0,1016,b.69o,c.i027.r. To draw foorth Scales^S,c. To clenfc away dric Scales, 60,c. To take away biacke S>carre0 of the skin,8r r,b. To take away Scarrcs,i 88,h, 291 ,k. To Icourc away Scarres in ihc priuie parts,i 027,01. Tocaufe Scarres,8n,a. To make Scarrcs in wounds faireand well coloured, 1 rc8,b. Good againftthc Sciatica,689,(.181,3.1 88,c>.i90,h,749/197,a. iSS,x.3 57,3.557,11.578,0.63 5,a,996,0.1073,»•nap,d. Toaffwagc, cureor hc!pc the Sciatica, 789,!. 195,c,b. 207,3. 210,a.2x9,0, 854,b.897,c- 944,M il AG3> c -43S> a -437/* 7 o6,c,d.i 125,g. 1137,c.1303,b,c. Again!! 0colopetl^ers,5 53,e. Good againft the dileafe called the £§>CC$btSt, 201,a. 32 5,a. Good againit the fea ^>CO?piOU,5 53,e. Againftthc bitingsSt ftmgingsof Scorpions,454786,a.8x9,3. 166,6.9 24,3.949,c. 551.3.5 72,g- 6-,8,e .7 2 2/1 1 29.b 1 2Si,y. Tocaufe thofe that arc flung of the Scorpion to fcclc no panic at a!l,548,h. Toprcferue a man from being ftung of Scorpions, 7 S7,a. 1075, o. 1129. A reruedie for thofc thatbc flungof the Scorpion, 236,0.267,a. 382,3.551,3,xoo9,a.x 075,b. How the Scorpion becoromerhdull and fenfelclTc,and how he is dcliuered from the (ame,8i9,3.924,3. To ftaic ^jeoarirtg in the cholcrick pa{rion,553,a. Toftop Scourings vpwsrd and downward, 1378,d. Tocure ^cratthC0,5«73«‘- An approoued reunedie againft ScrcpbuUi, or the fwclling in the throte,97,e. Good againft the Scrof>WA>,58o,3. fee hard Kernels. To helpe the •gjcurfife of the hesd,34,c.4p8,d.i 016,b.io27,r. Toclcnfc away Scurffe/o,€.92^,0.408^.985,0.1252,0.1297,5 To cure leprous and naughtic Scurffc, 7 2,d.i 25 5,d. Tocure the naughtie Scurffe of tliehcad, 854,1.105i,tl,I2553<l« To take away the Scurffe in children, 141,g. TohcaletheScurffc,743,a.4o8,d.X207,h. To heale the drie Scurffe,99 $/. Tocure the white Scurffe, 1289,11.1 305,?. To cure the white Scurffe of the head,408,d. 1289,k. To take away Scurffe of the skin,1190,g. Tohelpe or cure the difeafe called the SitUXUiC, l89,d.I95,b. 20t, 3.325,2.463,6.497,3.13 06, a. Toeafe thofe that be Scuruie,6o,f. To confume and fcourc away the Scuruincffeof the beard and face, 147,3.1328,11. Againft Scuruineffc,504,8.542^. To bring downe or drmc foorth the 141/. 147/. 188/761,3.883,5.89r,b.282/. 865,6.897/. 459,3.546,3. 563,6.564,3.603,3.652,3,1076,5.1 223,g. TocxpellthcSccondincinmoftfpecdicmaner, 147/. 847,0, 617,c. To ingendcr ^£8*^,1047,3. To ftopthe outrflowing of the Secde throughdreantes,674,3. Toincreafe Scedc,i 31,0.178,6.754,9.878,3.665,0. 1174/. To cure the inuolumane flowing of the Sccde in men, 53,c. . 66r,d.6 7 4.!i.993,b.i 150,3. To dcllroie natural! Secde 744,6. To dric vp the Scede,5 7 3,b 674,0,1.1076,1.1202,a, Tocoole and quench natural! Secde ouermuch,242,h.ro76,t. To flay the inuoluntarie courfe ofnamrail Secde in man or woman 993,b. To comfort and delight the J^enfc.0,30,e .735,d,88 7 ,c. To make the Scnf-S quick and finely, 124,3.624/73 5,b.lllo,a, To comfort the inward Senfes,m i,e. ■ , To dull the Senfes,^ 5,m. Tocure the difeafecalled Sm'pigo/g, b. To preferuefrom rhe flinging or hurt of ^erj:ent0,659,3.684/ 1075,0.1129,6.1281, p. Againft (ringings or bitingsof'Serpenrs, 290.47,0. 50,6.74,3. 149,3-7?i>a. 882,3.314,d 869^.523,3.352,11.355,3.949,1. 5r9,6.52’,'.535,6.553,?.557,e.563,d, ^71,g. 57^c- 57M* 586,d 624,0. 640,?. 659,3. 665,c,d.698.a. 989,d. 1009,f. 1019,1.1065,6.1154, b 1 i8o,b.i202,e.1327,11. To help- rh.de that are bitten of Serpents, andfpcedily to alaic the paine, 18 2,2.576,0.1180,b. , Todmic away Serpent',949, 2.388,0.391,13.429,6,542,g.557,0. 659,a.989,d.I ' 7 5,0.1190/.1 201,e. 1289,6,0. To cure <§fjl)alUJtg0 of rfic mints declining to a paulfie,94 7 ,f. A remedreiorcolde Sbakings,cabled of tincke humors,1184,0. To rake away the Shakings ofche ague prefcntly, and curethe fame,1 282,v. T o take away ihe &/arj)llCG of vrine, 1257,1719/. To temper Sharpnes ofcholer, 7 o2,a. To mirigare the Sfiarpncso! humors, 661,f, H2i,k t 1265/. 1148,1.1324,1:7293d. To dull the fhsrpncsof tlxnne humon,i26o,k. Noifome to ^>!jecpc,424,c. Tokill She.?pe,622,c. To rot Snecpc,646,3. Good agair.ft or to kill the , S39,g.26x,b. 269,3,6,0. 41 2,3.1051 ,k,q. io 7 4,k. Ii 50 ,c.l 20 7 ,e. To heal; broken 3/ c • To take away &l)ramttg3«fagues,5 5 7j a.b.8$4>k®4V*?4?jd 557.3.6.698.6. To draw Shiners outofthe flefli,698,0. Againft 6|)!)C£tf!C.Sot breath, 47,0.137,8. 191,b. 744,1.754,3. 766,0.856,0. 893..1.318,1. 880, b. 897,a.899,5.436,.1459,». 465.6. 532,3; 730,1. 984,1. 985,6,1065,3.1121,0. 1184,®. 1248,0.1257,0. Good for Shortncsofbrcath vpon a colde caufc,to 7 3,d, Againft the S[/otof venemous dans and arrowes,854,i, Againft the lutings of the moufe called s ^!)JCX0,i4i,h. Tohelpe jjjd#ntUitlgoffincwcs, 40,d.6o,c. 854,€.291,0,899/. 949,3. 4 3 6,3.445/. 540/,616/.1016, a. 516,0. Againft the falling jS&ictUtC0orcui!I, 102,6,854/839,1.897,11. Ss?9,l 357,3.379/.654,6698/. Tocure the falling Sicknes, 8^6,c, 839,0.893,3.463/,478,3. 599 -h. H 3 m (l the falling Sickncs in yoong children,83 2,0.394,0.460.6 498/. To tnooue or bring downc the naturall or defired Sicknes of women, 29,b.iS5,i, 749,c. 7 6o,b. 77 o,r.882,a,819/.893,3, J Ws- o /Table of the Natures , Vertue andD/ingers, *68,0.869,0.874,0.919,8.927,8.422,3^. 428,3.457,3, 527,2. *3f>MS5,b. S57>c.56j>,c. 616,0.648,3. 1019,a,b. 1071,a. mi } k.x 223,11. T o cure chc grecne-Sickncs,201,6.3 i4,f.438,e. To bring downe the defired Sicknes ofyoong maidens,630,6. Good to coole a Sickc bodie,32i,d. 1252/. . To comfort greatly the Sicke,473 ,b. To comfort and nourilh Sickc feeble perfons,!256,0. To ftrengthen thofe that hauebeenc Sickc of a long lingering difcalc 3 596,a. To ftop the inordinate courfc ofthe monthly Sickncs, 7485b. 803,3.298,1.318,1.323,6,661,11.1058,0.1291,3. Good againft aoy pelf ilcnt Sickncs, 53 5,g, A remedie for the turning Sicknes,770,h. Tohclpc thi Sickncscalled the forgctfulheui!l > 856,e. To helpe the pains in the SpiUe,9 i9,a.445,i. 535,3.563,3.58^.3. 595,a ^17,5.698,b. 9 84,i.99^,c. n 57,k. 1291,6.1300, a. Good againfti»flammationoftheSidc,70i,a. Againft the painein the Side, 43,3.57,3. <59,3.87,6.843,6.300,8. 865,3.899^.4454,460^.535,3.6x7,5. To purge by ^§>tegc flimic flegmc and lharpe humors, 1007,3. 1219, a. For <g)i<$m39,i i6o,d. To ea!e thole that arc giuen toouermuch Sighing,540,6. T o preferue flight, 877, 3 - 5 3 7. 3 • To incrcafe or retiore the Sight being feeble and loft,537,3, To take away things which hinder the Sighr, 438,d. 1026,3. Ilc6,c. To helpe the dim-Sighced,49 5,0.53 2,b.lookc dimnes. EfFeftuall againft the darknes ofthc Sight,5 5^3.888,0. To quicken or cleerc the fight,855^. 858,6.288,s.> 8 87, d. 88§,c. S68,d.912,3.537,a, b,c. 563,£627,2. 695^.73 5,6.1035,4, I074,g. n 16,r.x 15 2,a. 1 172,6.1324,1. 1347,0.13 To dull the SigHt^S. 538,3.1305,629 8,f. Good for wounds, prickes, & hurt s ofthe j!§5mcXOC0,91,k. 1037,1 Good againft the infirmities of the Sincwcs, 897,6.638,0, Good againft the loofenes of the Sincwcs,770,o.638,a. Tocurcwounded finewes, I49,d. Good to hcateand fupplethe Sincwes,i2io,e, To ftrengthenthe Sinewcs,53,a.<?24,b,d. To comfort the Sinewcs,l317,g. Good for the Sinewes, 250, k. Hurtful! to the Sincwcs,1050,!. Togleworioine&confolidate Sincwcs cut in fueder, togithef, 114,3,147,3.1148,3.x 160, a. To ftaic the weeping ofeut or hurt SincweSjlec Weeping. Good to foften the hardnes ofthc Sincwcs,147,d. To helpe the difeafe called in Latinc Singultus, thatis Yenning, 89i,f.fecHicker. To take away the S > fe8rreSroftheface,72o,e. To alaic theferuent heat and ruggednesofihe j£>fein, 178,6.. To clenfc the Skin from pimples and Lcntils,ri57,i. To amend or clenfc the Skin in the face, 188,h. To rarific the skin,6i 7,g. To make the skin fmooth and fsire,765,c. 2x4,3. To take away skarres of the Skin,7 22, e. To caufc the Skin tofweli and bliftcr,8i 5,2. Againft the roughnes ofthc Skin,214, a. T o take away the ydlownes and defor'mitic of the skin, 444,2. Againft fcahs, orfuchhkefilthof the Skin, 738,6.287,6575,3. To take away freckles, lpots, and othcrblcmiihesof the skin, 7f4)b.759,6,1257,i. To take away morphew and blacke fpots on the skin,827,0. To fcourc away deformities of the Skin, 759,h. 444,a. 696 a . 7io,c.72i,e.73 6,d. Good againft the difeafe called the ^)lspjbp,i95,b.fcc Scuruy. To prouoke a defirc to jS>lCEpe,3 2,b. ToprouokeSieepe gently jlcited by ahot&dry difteper,702,b. To procure or prouoke llcepe, 53, b. 66,3.791,0.241,3.284,0. 29 8,a.c,g,h,k,m,878^.648,6.10821,0. To helpe the lackc of SIccpe, 2 22,3.702,0. Tocaufcan vnquictand deadly Slcepe,284,d. Tolhakcoffheauieand drovv.f. Slccpc,x24,3.849,111. To waken him that is fallen into a dead Slecpc,85 6,ti.S 894. To prouoke ouermuch Sleepe,i 35,10. Tocaufea fwectc,found and quiet Sleepc,674^.1082,0,1370,a. Tocaft into a dead SIccpe,270, b. ©oodfor thofe that are fubieft to dead Slccpc?, 73 To voidc all fuperfluous j&UtttC, 357,8. Torcftorc ^meUingthat isloft,92S,d. To amende the ranke Smell of the armeholcs, 993 jd-jif 5,b. loi3,b,c. To take away the rank Smel o f the body & ar mcholesjioij,8,6,6 Good againft Ringingoi ^nahep,267,3. Todriueaway Snakcs,3S8,c. To prouoke <&nee5ing,53,3.3 57>d54,d.5 40,8.548/. To purge chaps or riftcsin the js?olc0 of the fee te, that arekid to the fcab ofNaplcs,859,f. To clenlcold filthie ^OjeS,749,d.897,f. Tohealc vphollow Sores,34o,a. Good againft Sorenesin the 161010,745,6358,0.936,6. Againftfrctting Sores,504,a. To draw and heale Sores quickly in children & old people,6o,hu Tohca!cdcepeforcs.4io,d. To mollific and foften the Sores of the mother, 790,g. To heale fcftcred Sores of the cielids, 1152,3. Tohealc Sores ofthe mouth,l092,i. Good againft fpreading Sotes,1328,h. Tohealc fuch Sores of the fundamentand fecretparts as areal* moil paft all cure,410,d.507,e. To cure Sores in childiens mouths,1299,a. To mundifie and clenle old ftinking and corrupt Sores andheal them, 897,6911,6.507,0. To confimie of wafte away plague lores, 586,e .587,0. Tohealc Sores ofhard curatioxi,,278,6.4x0,d. Tofcourc away Soresoftheheaci,i227,f. To helpe Sores ofhard curation on the glandulous part of the yard,278,11. To fcoute running Sores ofthe head,1027,i.io52,h.fce Achore* For eating foxes in the corners of the eics,x 17 8,h.i I79,d. For running lores in the heads ofyoong children, 1074,k. To heale Sores ofthe fecret parts of man or woman,1092,1. To ftaic orkeepe backe eating Sores,72,0.687,3.1051,1]. ii86,d Very good for a plagu': Sore, to draw the venomefrom the hare and inward parts,811,3.815,6, Good to clenfcrorten lores, 131,0.507,13.1050,0. To alfwage the rage of fretting Sores,8j9,g. To fill vphollow fores 1050,0. To cure euill Sores ofthe paps, dugs,and matrix,7 Ji,b. Good for fores of the b!adder,n 2c,e. Todriueaway all ^cmitue,599,0.654,2, in6t, To take away Sorowefulnes proceeding of melancholic, 54J,?. n6o,c,d. Totalte away JJpOUtlUing in the cares, 860,1. io55,e. 1172,1, 1342,a. • Torcftorc loft vnto thofe which are taken with the duoibcpaulfieand apoplcxic,332,9,1016,d.xiii,e.i 259,6 To increafe^jpentlC,that is natural! feed,13 i.c. Good againft JhpEtJUtg of blood, 907,645 6,3.60^,6300,3. Good againft Spotting of blood, caufedof lharpe and falthu* roorsdifti!ling,r3o8,i. Good againft Spetting of corrupt and rotten matter, 632,3. 665,3.x 121,6103 5,c. 1256,0. ToconcoftSpettic.729 s c!. ToftoporcureSpeteingofblood, 748,6.802,6. 215,0.840,6. S90,e,f,314,0.3 18,3,0.899,3340,6.419^452,3.454,3.563,3. J 78,£.661,3.665,3,6736,0.987,6,1025,6.1102,a. 112 i,i.ii 58,6, H84,m. xx86,a. Ii90,k.i206,3.i227,b. 1244,3,6.1247,0. X2 57,k,t.i26o,k,i 263 ,g,h. 1264,0.13 34,d. 13 7 5,b. To prouoke Spotting,306,6. To procure cafic Spotting,! 12X,k.ii 2o,a.7 29,d.r 156,c.d.i 3 28,b Againft thebitingsofthe ^ptt 3 £V,cal!cd Thalangium, 32,6.45,3. 102,a.863,b.883,g.949,c.964,a.ioo9,f,xo7 5,0,19 5,c.x 246,6. For Ringing of Spiders, 1075,0. To make the vitall <§tptnt8f frefh and !iuely,568,d. 1082,3, To ftrengthen the vitall Spirits,560,6 Tocooleandrcfrefh the fainting l'pirits, 1 339,6. Torcfrefhorreuiuethe Spirits,30,0.845,0. To quicken the Spirits and make them more liuely, 111 i,h. To helpe the *§M 5 l#nc ifit be wafted,279,0.3 01 ,f. A remedie for thofe that hauecuillSpIecncs, 47,e« 50,6,749,8. 869 ,d. 7 o 8 ,a. 97 o,a.t 246 ,fc. Againft paine ofthc Spleenc,57,a.749,0.318,3.728,6. Toftay the f-wellingofthc Splcene,5X4,e. To cure thofe that are troubled withihcSpIecnc ? 529,8.249,6. 941,0.458,0406,2.5 29,g. 11W. liiii 1 Jo K.A Table of the NatureJ^ertue^d Daggers. To helps the Spleenc ouercharged with grofle bl 0001,93 8/ Againlthardnesorthe Spleene, 57,0.744,3.749,0/31 8,3.395 £3. ^ 977/.1027, §.1170,0.1195,3,f’ljhtf/. 1346, c. To diminifhor waftc the Spleene,898,1.1195/, Toopenrheftoppingsofthe Spleene, 13 7, d .7 3 8 /. 5 o 2, d .864/. 861,3.847,0.3x8,5.437,3-. 444, h, 463,3,563,919-96., '. .1 057.4:. 1 113 , g. 1214,01.1 Z46/.1257^.1159 .b. x rt89/. To draw foorthj3>pUtltet# fixed in arty part, of the bodic, 34, a. 96,3.897/. 899, <0.44.5,111. 495,3. 627,0.638,1. 652/. 698,0. 720,e.7i2,e.xc66,d. T o take away or elenfe ^pofS! in the face,.x 15,hr 765 /, 227/. S88, b. 3 26/.11354.1158,11.1194/. To take away Spotv r 4G'*G18/1. Totake awayblacke and b/weSpotsoftheface, 185/. 193,?. .855,0.841,0.3x8,3. To takeaway Spots of the cars called in Latinc Jlbugtnes,i 026,3 To take away the Spots of the skin, 754/-. 1133,0. 1257,1x1. 1380,0. To elenfe away Spots in the eie, 684/.695,d.706,0, Totake away blacks and blere Spots gotten by ftripcs orfals, t 753,b.8Sz,n 3 l8>.4i 0/5 57,6.720,6.1037,™. 1644,6.1223,1. Totake away b la eke Spot:, of the skin ,5527/. j 05 2,g. Topurgcvvhire fpr;;ines oftheskin,8.59.,e. , To fcoure or cake away Spots of the/ase and to m ake it faire and fmooch/4;/.288 s c.295,0,7:0,2.721,!. 1 257, m. 1298/ x 349/. Totake away ah foul: and ilGuourcd 5pots m a>jy part of the bo(|ie,icx6 ) e. To hdpe^qt’y/S, 849,e.X304,a.looke Brufes. To eale th: 5 or ’aincic,86o,i 938,1.1 180, s. To helps theSquinarKie,j 18/.: go/.557, tf, 7.6.4/, 15.1138, c. Good againft the Squjnancie.j»cbrldreB>394/, A pure white,,e. ■ To cure the J£>ienci) ofthe mouthy 25,3.1110/. To takeaway the Stenchoffhcanueholesjlpoke r*rtkefajrell . To take away th; Stench of the breath, 11 10/ ; $8l/. Goodfor £&$ifp,£0of r hsioit'tv .izoy d. Againft•:c /rpc.v* , 19,0. * -.3: •/. 869.-,. 752,c. 35 5,3.385,e.520,3,65 2>b.io 5jb.Ic 75 /• .x • c a,.t. Good again ft the Sdngingof Scorpions, 7 St/. 267,3,924,3, ^ 949,c. 1075,0.1282,y. Good for or to hca’e the Stinging of yet retnbns brsftes, 266/. 3fi,d,5^ s b. 542,4.548,0.y;i, 1.56c ,6.586.,*. 1202,3.122356. Good again'itthe Stinging of all manor of wjlcc, : heafts, 8.51,3. Good againfir-the ^tinhiRg of the .breath, proceeding of a naughric floaiacke,4io,b. Good a.gainft^titC^6Sf>43,3.69,3.87 ,b.596,a.984A Good againft the Stitch in the (100, 5073 /. Totake away the Stirchirx the'fidcwich chepaincs thereof pre- fently, 908, 0,6:4/.1170/. Good againft the Stichof die chclt,-i973,d. To cure the difesfe c fr- ■; *04? 2?/.looke Srtxruie. To drier andclcnic the ^tomaclse,.- 1009,0.1062, a. ‘ 1082,k., ' Delightful! to thy Stomacke/jp/jb.-ie^/, To comfort a wcakc and feeble Sturoscke, 222,0.8331/1. 1031, a. 1083,0. An approoued medicine for a v indie and cold Stomacke, 66;,g. i"obreaks winde of thatS~ ^,46,3.892,0. Good to be 1 aid ypoh art hut Sro dsacke',7<3s,e. Againft cruditi-e aprawocscF the Stomfck, 843,3,1673 ,0.1083,0. To purge the Stomach: of vyarcrith humors, 13 5.8,24 Goodfor bad 0/sll Storr.aqks, 352,6.1065,3.x 334,6. Iocaufe a-good Stomachs: to me310,578,0.fee Appetite. iaod for an hot Stomacke, 1 23 :/.x 2.75/.1324/ Good again ft theftoppr:.,,' of the Stomacke/ 52,e. A comfortable purging medicine for the Scornscke,4XOjp. Hut tfull to a wcakc and coide Stomacke/ 232,3, Good for fuj:h ashaue a lower, fcjuamuh, and watcric Srptnsckf, 542,i.lo82 s k.i227,e. .To cute or cafe paipes and griefesof the Stomacke, 40,0.288,ft. 3X2,b.8 7 3,e,938,9.947^. 546,6.554,.1.1073,0.? 223.15.1346,3. To driue away or diflolue all ventofities'or windineftes of the S tom ake,855,3,849,d,h.968,3,948,gjiig 46,0, To tray or take away lothfomr.es of the Stomacke, 40,d. 938/. 50444.1 207,c.3 266,d. To code the heat ofthc Srom3ck,222,e/45,(941,d_.3aijb.4t9,a ./.oo.y-io lefome,and ptoiitablefor the Stomacke, 5 j,a» 886,a, 866,a.871,3.879,b<5 26,3.5 53,a.649^/71 9/. JO'5 7 ,b.iC9i,b. 1120/. 12 4 2 ,a.i 244, c . 1 26 3,3 . x 1 6 6,b. 1 3 14,b.i 3 2q,d. Hurtfull to the Stomacke,6 5, a, 1 3 1,11,9.138,195/949,6445,b. 573,3.691,0. 718,3,0.720,3. xC07,dijip55,b.-x218,e. 123 5,1a. 1246,3.1251,3,1252,6.1307,0.1308/. To-oucnurne the Stomacke,185,a. 3 3 5,b,7i 8,a,b.ic55,a. Goad for or to hclpe a cold and inoift Stomacke, 141,6^188,3. 2S7,a.56o,<T. — Towarmeorheateacold Stomacke, 180,6.190,3. 855,6.891/, 293,6.368,(1. 907,0.5 53,h.596,a.6 29,d.i88,3,73 5,c.i2 23>g, 1270,0.1351, 3.1 358/. Troubkfome to the Stomackc,x85,3.335,b.529,d.72o 1 bj2?5,3. T o comfort the Sto;nacke,907,c.x 2 5 2/.1270,413 37,4134653. X349,d.i35i,s. G : : To comfort a cold Stomacke,868,d.i28i,g.1.349,41358/, : To comfort a wcake and feeble Storr.ack,xx84,01.1341,6.1349/ . *#8,b. Againft wambling of the Stomacke/14. d 878,4,544,3. To dry and ftrengthen sr-fecble and jjioift Stomacke,69 2,3,749, a.735,c.i03x 1 a.xo82,k. To ftrengthen a weake and feeble Stomacke, caufed of heate, 1270/* T-oftay thewatenng of the StumBcke, 749,a.1127,4 ,4 Againft the wenknes of the Stomacke, 317,3.93 8,3.73 3,g. To.purge the Stomacke of flegtn? and ouiii ixuaiOKsy-749,3. 1027, n.x 317,?. cjT.c To confame or helpe wineir t fir and lower bdchiftgs of the St§- rn r dcc,895 ,a. 8 3 0 , a ,9 3 8,7.5 44s s .616, c. . Good for the heate of the Stomacke, 765,t).775,b.236/,2^9,3. _ 94Gd.ii22,e. ^ A To healc the p;.m and ache of the Stomacke, proceeding-bfeho- . ler,2x7,a 554,0. . - - T Toprdcru: the Stomacke from obftruflions &\vindines,x346,0. To ftrengthen the hot,wcakc and feeble Stc.T.ack.of lickc per- fotis,224,7.733,5. Goodforvvcakcaitdqueafie Scorn acks, 109,2/.! 317/. T o rake away the gnawings of the Stomacke, procceclingof a hot caufe,23 2/. . • Holfome for a moift and wateric Stomacke,! 2:7,6. To code an hot Stomacke, and hdpe it when it is troubled v,j]h chohr,i4i,• ■ .419,7,c.'i 368,0. . a • •• ... : ^ To r wafe the Stomacke brooks it meatc,X073,c. • -. 7 To clofevp the mouth of she Stomacke, fi6e>3,h, To comfort and ftrengthen the Stomacke, 849,d.839,e. 93,P,e. 9.3 3.0,0.463,:. 53 j.f.5 5 j ,h, 729,3.732,6.1 ox 3,q.x 031 ,37.107 $~c :c82,fc.x:.64,g. 1-264/5,6.1 266^1 370,?.. 1375,?. Tc al.ay the inflammation & heate ofifee Stomacke,8^f^.94i } d. Good for a weake Stomacke troubled with choler,938,3.463,2. Singular good for the graucll and jsiptCR?, 836,b.89i/; ,486/. 553/1x44,11x182,3.1242,6. - .. A fingularrompofition againftthr;.Sconej4.}4,d,e, • . r A prel'.:r.c .-emedie agii'.ift-thc Stone,-xc92,h. . T Tobreakcthc Stone, 902,3.4:4/. 4:8,6.984,0.1000,9.103 j,c. 12 s' .. 2 C 6 ,S. ■ . - ■ : .7. 1 Good againft the Stone in the bladde^t 3,3.457,3,487,3,5727. .653,a.I066,C. " ■ f To breake the Stone in the bladder and driue it foorrh,io66,c. Exceeding good for the -Stone,- -791/. 849,(3.841 ,d 272,0.527/, 700 : 7.j 40,3.1 147>. j 21 :,a.t 257, r. 23,0.3 10,2.791 /.86:,d. Toafiwage the paincofthe Stone,7S9,b,c .877,0/. lookc Pnine. Good for the Stone cf thtkidnCies, 775,0.845/. (349,3,45^/. 1048,0.1066, b.x 1 ■.■:/.i 2 57,0.1328,0. To vvafte or breske r fte Scone,and driue irfoorth, 142/. 760,9. 201,6.864/. 862/ .868,c. 4:4/478,;)'. 487,3.692/793,3. ' 979,3,1133,m.i 142,a. 1154,a. 1281,r. 1514,r, 1375.0'. Goodfor the Srone-io thebef;hininc ; S33,e. To waftc away Stones in thekk'..;ci s,xo66/.i o9i,g. To dr.iuc foorth the Stone aft-of thekidpeiewand bladder,728,0 979,a.984,b.29 } b. 142/. 789,12791/. 562/. 896/.87.4/. 1004,3. To rcmoejiehocfwellingsof the Stone?, 149.6.-1073/.- '■< To ccafe and cure the burning heate or inflammations of the Stone.*-.* r7,b.87,0.198,0.583,3.1037,6,0.1073/. 4 To break? the Stone in the kidiicicsantf bladder, 888,a. 891,3, 428,0.546,3.979,3.1135/. . T To cure the Stone and voide graucll, 891/.261,a. 497,e. 1324/ T o protioke to the J&tcolc, 770 ; i.?'5*,a. 263 //co^aiToS 2/. x 184,11.223 5 jg. To o/ fable ofthe Nature,Vertue an A Dangers, To voide by Stoole waterifh & flimie humors, Sio, a. 718, a. 724,a. To purge cholcr and flegmeby the Stoole, 738,0.743,3. 385,3. 397,3.1133/. To purge mightily by Sroolc,7i8. Good for ^toppings- of the hcad,io3S,f. Good againft the Stoppings of the fpiecne,689,c. 137,d. 738// 749/868,8.869/930/394,3.422,8.575,a.6 4 7,a.izo», b. To cake aw ay Stoppings,861,3.983,a. To open Stoppings of the inward parts, 8 4 6,d .541, i .654/1114, m Good for S&triune0,987,b. Good againit the ^Ht'anguriC, 23,0.54/. 188,f. 866,b. 875,3, 457.3.498.3. 532,3.545,3.553/ 665,1.693,3.1004,3.1051,!, 1066,0.1192,0. A remcdic againft the Srrangurie, 188, r. 389,3. 761,3.888,3. £91,3. 893,3.391,3. 497,d,c. 53 5,e. 551/.979,3.1064,3/. ir 2i,l.i 38i,b.ii 86,e.ii57,k.i276,e.i303,b. Toeafe the Strangutic, 891/895,3,333,3. Tohelpc the Strangling and pames of the mother, 856,0. 833/891,3. To cure the Strangling of the Matrix, 891, a. To rceouer j§>trcngtl),i 174 b.t 248,3. To reftorc Strength,! 3 34,g. Tohealc Stripe© of the €105,1037,0. An approued remedic againft Strut) im.oi fwcllings in the throte, 97> r « To fofren the Strumxt.ox fwcllings of the throte, 54,0.217, b.5 80, 3.1342.3. To drawe *©>tllb£ out of any part of the bodie, 54,5.514/ A remedy againft .Stuffing of thchcad, througheoldnesofthe braints, mo,b. Arcmcdie againft Stuffingof the 111055,770/869, €.527,0.542, c. 69 8/1239/. To cure the J&olfocation of the Matrix or mothcr,89i,a,87 8,c. lookc Matrix. To heal? *j$>uffuGott0 ,1037,0. The vfes of Sugar and how it is made,3 5. To defend from hurt Qfthcjj£>un ; 946,(i. To take away Sunburning,! 14, d.759, 11765/,! 27,6,250/841,0 380,3 445,d.696,h.7io,c 72i,b.io5i,g.i 15S/. To purge yellow Superfluitie s by ficgc.8 27/ Good againft a ^nrfet ,114,8.938/.! 133,0. A lingular medicine againft Surfcr^S,5.701/ To preferue one from Surfeiting,9 38,8, To eafe the difficukic of JjjWSilOWSittg* caofed orcold rheumes, 465.3. To prouoke j 5 >u)C 3 te ,5 5 7,3.849/74/. 1 9 5/85 9,0.849,0.840,3 b.897, f - 377 ,a- 457 ,a- 557 , 3 - 617 ,§'6i 9 , ^-996,3.1009,0.1064,a b.i 218,b.i 281, x. To caufe Sweating in agues,65 5/. Toftay Sweating, 1082/. Good againft or to dilfolue hoc ^>xttCllil*gS that are newely be- g un,6o,c.796,a. 1270/.1275,0.13 04,3. To cure and dill'olueal hard Swellings/54,8.869,3.397,3,463/. 56o,i.568,a.63o,a.665,k.7i4,a.io35,a.i 238/. Toconfumc and walle away cold and hard Swellings, 858,0, 869,0.5 36, b.5 53/606/. 609/. 989, b.ioi7,p.i 064,3/. To confume or take away hoc Swellings, 860,c, 67 9,4. 6So,b. 1207,0,1235,?. ToddFoiuc ail kinds of S\vcllings,6i7/. To take away the hot Sweilingsof the Almonds in the throaic, i6i,d,4io,f. 1263,1,13 26,e. To ripen hard Swelling* in the groinc, 1170/. To vvafte away hot Swellings of the kernels in the fiankc, 736,3. ForhotSweilingof the throatc,i314,0.13 26/. TodilFoluc Swellings ofthebeiiic,! 238,0. To take away the Swelling in the lplccne,i 354/. To affwage the Swelling of the yard,io5i,m. To wafte away the Swellings of kernels, 1x80,0. Tofuppic or wafte away hard Swellings or thefundament, 858,3. 1635.3. ! 180,c. Tocure thcSwcllings ofthc mouth,1209,3.1306,3. To ripen hard Swellings bo hind the cares, 1170/. Good for hot Swellings of the 10005,13 26,8. To mollific or wafte away the hard Swellings of the mother, 787,0.1017,13.1035/.!! 80, c. Tocure Swellings of the throatc,! 209,a. Good for hoc Swellings of the iawcs,i 3 i6,b,c, T o alTwagc Swelling* of (be ftoncs/ o 5 2,m. A remcdic for fofc Swellings,736,3.1161,a. To wafte the hard Swellings of rhe mile or fpleene, 897,3.1074/ To take awaic the Swellings of the cods or genicors, 908, b, 103 5, a. 1202, c. To take away any Swelling in the legor atme, 497,0, To confumewindic Swellings in the ioiiH*,9o8,b. For Swelling of the kernels vnder the thi 0311,1314,0. TohcJpc the S wellings of the Vuuh, 410/13 14, 0.1316/. Toconlumcthc Swellings of theftoro«cke,892,c. Toyare Swellings,849, q. N«it to fuft'er hot Swellings ca ari{0,1083,a. To concoft and open all Sweilrngs,6o,g. To bringhot Swellings to fuppuration,! 143 /. Good againfthard Swellings/S?,c.54,0.749,0,568,a.6i7,g. To mitigate or coole all hot Swellings,182,5.77 S/,793,3.23 2,a. 1 1 .36 2 ,d. .5 17/.67 8,a .68o,b, j 2S$,a.\ 27S}C.iz^,a. "5 omolhhe orfoftenojd hard Svvcllings,47 ) g.i 24,c. To take away old Swellings,581,0. For hot Swellings in the mouth,! 247,0.13 2 6,b,r. To take away hoc SwclIings,6o/i 24,0.501,3.860,0.362,11.408,/ 445,d. 495,a. 676,3.1009/ 1018,3.1178,0, 1210,3.1235/ 1299/- To dilfoltic Swellings,1207,1. A remedy a gainft the hard Swellings of the ftones, 198,0.1073/ To foften and ripen hard Swd!ir/gs,65,b,c.790,t;„445,b,o,ti79,b I l8o,f. To wafte and make fubtile hard Swellings, 96/. 190/397/, 9S4,d.i037,0.n8o,f.i 238/. To ilillolue or take away hard Swellings,! 95,c.f 69,0.899/ 926,0 463,6.49 t, 3.9 84 ,d. 105 2/1064,3/1 18o,c,i 3 4 2,a. To wafte away cold Swelling* ,989/. Againft the hard Swellings of the paps,198,0/0 Paps. Tomolbncand take away hard Swellings of the bucr and milt, 188,0.790,5. To caufe hot Swellings to arife,! 263/. To mollific and foften Swellings in the ioinrs,790,g. To confumc, diflbiue ai d loften cold Swellings, 747/. 8cz,b. ^ 856,3.293,0.899, h.36i,a.949,k.445,0.540,0.616/. 1239,3. Good againft jaJXtiUtUftlRg m the head called Vertigo, 527,/ 546/720,0.1009/. 1184/. To kill j§>ujme, 259,3 622,0. Againft j£wouning0,i i6o,c. Good for fuchas arc fallen into a Swoune, or accuftomed to fwoune,i88,x.468,a.599/733,0.856,8.542,). 654/. A good to foften thebeliy and purge cholcr,702,g,h. A Syrupeferuing for many excellent purpolcs,66x,f. A Syrupc to be vfed in tertian agues, 64/ Syrupe of the infufion of Rofcs with the force tbereofj 1083/1. Sytupc of the mice ofR.ofcs,io83 3 k. T Klightfull to the 'Sfnftc,879,3.1266,0. To remcdic the paine of the Ceetl), 8 15/.41 9/. To ftop hollowTeeth,4c8,c. Good for Teeth that are fee on edge or aftonied,419,3/ TofiftcnlooicTceth,845,3. 313,0.419/571,!, 649,8.698,5. 1092,!.i 144/ 1263/.1306,3,13 37,c. Toappeaftoralfwagc the paine oftheTeeth,839,f.284/.6r9,d, e. 9 89/996,0,1 1 43/1178/. 1244,e.i 292,11.1361, a. Toijlue coguher rifts, g3ilics, and cuts about the II4- 3 - To prouoke or bring downe the 'ScrntCSf, 30/40,3.50/53,c. 54,0.87,3.145,3- 190,0. 762,3 847,C.3C6,c.946,b,c. 949,3. 546,3.563/. 5695 c. 603,8.65 2,3.668,8.1076,7. To bring downe yoong maidens Termes,201,6.558,1. To prouoke the Tcrmes mightily, 532,0.616.0.1194,3.892,3. To ftaie the ouerrouch flowing of womens Termes, 32,3.72,0. 780,3.318,1.913,3.333/ 341,0.389,g. 419/. 707,1-1050/ 1150,3.1264,0.1314,9.1375/ Good for womens Termcs that be ftaied vpon a coUe caufe, 13 5,c. To take away the fit of a ®Ctti£ttl,i35,!. Good againft long and !ingringTcrtians,9 38,0 463 ,a.fcc Ague; T« takeaway or cure a Tcrtianj433,f. 575/. GoodforTcrtians that procerdcofcholer,!376,a. To take or fcoure away CettCV0, 657,3.14i,g. 749,e. 195,0, 827,€.318/657,a. 736,d.995/998,3.1178/1207/. 1255/ 2282,(1.1376/. Jiiii a T* kA Table of the Nature^ertue, and Dangers. Tokill Tettcrsin the outward parts of the bodic,i 2j 7,t. Tocure dangerous Tetters,72,d.99 5,b. Good againft,or tohelpe foulc Spreading Tetters,5 04,2.1 227/. 1298/13 28/. To remooue hot fwcllings and inflammations ofthc 709/ Toquench<C!)it®,^6,b.74,b.768,a,a4r,a.84,',b,f.88o,b.3i2,d. 471,a. 702,3.1031,3. 1120/1121,0.1232/. 1315/. 1317,3, 13 24,0.1368,0, To quench Thirft in hot burningfeauers, 4 i2,d.T031 ,b. For 'SJ) jobbings of the hare, 116o,c.looke Trembling. To draw foorth <CijOJtteS fixed in any part oft he bodic, 34,2. 54,g.96,a. ii4,e.899,tn. 445,111. 495,3.627,b. 638,!.698,0. 1066, d. Go od for the ®fyj0tC,i3 28/. Tobreake or ripen impoftumesor tumors in the Throte, 465,a. Good for difeafes bapning in the Throte, 370,3. To take away inward (wellmgs of the Throte,702,f. Good again ft the inflammations of the Throte, 938,1. 3x3 ,c. 366, 3.370,3. Good againft forenes of the Throte,93 6/3 23 ,€.743/. Good againft the old andlong lafting fwcllings of the almondes intheThtQte,934,a. Tofoften thefwelimgs oftheThror.e,34,c. A remedie againft the lwe!!>ngs and impoflumation* of the Throte,! 19 ,c. To fatten and ripen harde fwellings in the Throte, called the Kings etui!, 63,0.293,0.1030,0. Anapprooued rerocdieagainftthe fwcllings of the Throte, cal* led Struma & ScrophuU.yj ,0.3 80,a. To take away die afperitie or roughnes of’the Throte , 141,0. <?3 5,3.6 34,b. Againft old fwcllings in the vpper parts of the Throte,387,8. To concoft the fwcllings in the Throte, called Strumat, 8 58,3, To con fame away fwcllings of the T hrote,237,b. To take away the hot fwcllings of the almonds of the Throte, 26 i,d. Tohelpe the or griping paincsof the belly in women after their childmg, 27,3.178^.832,3.1257/ To helpe thofc that are ftrangied witheacingToadftoolcs,938,h 1073,0. To take away the cernes of the ftEofS, 1 206,c. To take away the cornesof the Toes without incifion, 4 i3,g. To take away the roughnes of the <®ongt;e, in hoc burning agues,768,3.1265/ To cure the difeafe of thcTongucealled Jc Braun, which is a rug- gednes,blacknes, and drincs, with a fwclling, 3o8,d. To quench inflammations of theTonguc, 1376,11. To caufc ftcebd '2Eoo!e^ cocut iron or ftonc without turning the edge, 314, c. To appeafethe ^COlljach,190,0.854,5.849,1.912,0.3 99.^.844,3 340,a.38i,f663,i 7°9,e.ii7i>}!-x i93,b. 1287,0. To take a way the Toolbar h, 7 4 9/.77°/86 4 .,b. 187,0. 867,3. 9i^,b.393,a.493,b.)6o,h. 604,0.733,0. 996/1070,3.1178/ 103 3,c. Againft the inflammation of the CouQiS,t 172,01. Good againft the griping OJtttCRf.S of the telly ,908,3.1076, q. Good againft the Torments ofcheguts,86 2,d.309,f. Good againft Torments in womens bellies after their deliue- rance,832,a. To take away the griping torments of thebcllic, 893 ,b.87 3,b. Good to afTwage the cruell Torments of the Gour,5 09,e. To ceafe the Torments of the bowels, 309/533 ,k. For the 'fEojGOitorgnawingpainesofrhc guts, 1076,*. . To caufc women to baue Ipcedie <5EvaueU in clnldc bearing, 744,0.762,3. To eafe or helpe women that hauchardcTrattell inchilde bea¬ ring,and are in great cxtremiuc, 762,3. 29 1, 4.898/899/ 563/569,0.695,2/. Tokcepca f^rauetlevfrom merrigals,T202,g. To caufc a Traueilcr not to feeie, or to kcepe him from wcari- fomnes, 946/. I202,g. Agood ointment for a wearied Tr-aueller, 968,3. Good agninft the ®"£5txbling and {halting of the harr, 890/. 13 3, c.1082,!.1083,11,11.1 i6o,c. Good againft T remblingof Iinewes,6i9,b. Tocure ®reud)ft»gB«ftbe bellie and bowels, 3 53/, Good agninft CUUI0J& 2 8S,y. To rake awaic the fwclling and paine of hot Tumors,581 ,b. To ripen and breake all Tumors of the mouth and throte,463,a. To diftbluc Tumors,1 207/. To confume,di(ToIue,anddnue away coldc Tumors,79o,g,899/ 949 jk. Toalfwagc andconfume hardTumors, in afty partof the body, 37,b,c.333,h,i.i233,e. A lingular remedy againfthotTumors/^a. Tofoften old hardTumors,5 4 .c. To a flvvagc Tumors in womens brefts,i84,b. To rc(oluc,concod,and open Tumor5,6o,g. To diffolue hard Tumors called ademaia,i^O,d. To mollific thehardTumorsofthcmother,787,0. Tomollific,wafte,and confume all Tumors, 13 2 8,?. To cure the Tumors of the priuie members, 147,'0.285,3. To ftaie the beginning of rumofs,i 208,0. Tofoften allcoldcTumors,443,0. Tomoliifie and ripctiTumors bchindc the earcs,i3 28,d. Good againft the hunting of the head called Viru^o^^. To helpe the’CpttipaniC^ 14/938/. To affwage the bellies cfchofe that haue the Tympanic, 129 i,b, V T’Ogluerogithcr rifts, gaflies, and cuts about the t&SittfSfj -*■ 141,2. To open the Hoppings of the Vaincs,46 3 ,d. Toopenthc Vames ofthe hcmorrhoides,i32S,k. To fill the Vaines with naughtie colde humor 1,765/. To purgethe Vaincsofflegniatike, cholericke, currupr,and fu* pci fluqus humors,463,3.fee Humor;. To ingender hot and grolfe tHJapourB, 140,3. To reprefte Vapours chat hinder flccpc-,i 3 83/. To abate uLlfe^CtttSttCie of thirft in agues or any difeafe- whatfo- cuer,i243,f, - . - r Toltirvpto®lenerte,85,c.i58,c.i69,3.863,c.949,g,i249,b, fee bodilic Lull. Good againft Venerie,674,e,f. Good for thofe that hauc no appetite to Venerie.iooo.c, To helpe pr cure thole that are bitten with StenCJttOUB bcafis, 88,g. 140/. 849, c. 848,5. 882,11. 266/.287/. 3 18,5.924,2. _ 3?3i 3 -932,2.383,3.422/457,0.495/529/723,c.1009,!-. . To relift the birings of Venomous bcafts, 140,3. lookcBicing* ofvenemous bcafts. To cxpell ftrong Venortie,862,0.301/ Good againft all Venomc, 787/. 899/949,'t. 677/. 1069,3. 107 3,p.i 13 8,0.1223/. 1328,0. Good for the buings ot'Vcnemousbcafts. 329,c. 74,a. 138,0. I4o,b.8 4 3,a.677/.693/* Todriuc away venemon? beads,5 29/3 89/3 91/. TodriueawaytElcntbfttSCiSor windines,89l/. 4 6o,! 5 4 6,g. To driuc away Vcntofitics of the ftomacke, 833,3. 849, d,h. 897,3. To keepe SftcrftUJte from clothes and garments, 941/. 9 5 i,c. 1111,1. Good for thofe that are bitten ofSXffJCVSr,899/1.493,d.663,rl. To cure thebitings ofVipers,9 59,3.964,a,1066,0.1190/1289/ To be preferued from being ftung of the Vipcr,684,r. TocureSilcenf,503,a.863,a.301/.878,0.911,b.3 3 1,0.667,a. 684,0 ■732,3.1082,01.11 21,0.1186,b.j 194,6.1335,1, Tocure Vlcersof great difficulcic, or hard tobecured, 288, y, 851^.340, a .576/684,3,705 ,b. To cure foule, rotten, and {linking filthie Vlcers, 802/ 250,6 2 5 9,0.4 33/465, b.5 7 9,3.668,0.721 ,k. To bring old Vlcers to maturation,790,^1170/ To drievp moift virulent Vlcers,ftay ihchumcrandhealetheni, 3 0/.2 88,3.869,3.422,6 53 6,b. To aflwage and confume corrofiuc Vlcers in any partof thebo- die,37S,c. Good againfl ortocure oldVlccrs, 278,6. 285,8.916,3.43 8,c. 708,3.1068,0.657,3. 219/863,0.259,6.285,0. 2S3,y.878,c. 6 4 9,f.657,a.7o8,a.io59,a.I099,b.i 170,0. To ftay or keepe backe putrified Vlcers,72,d.839,fl58i,e. To cure foule eating, creeping, orfpreading Vlcers, 87,0. 133,a. 501,3. 412,a. 676,3.687,3. 1044/. 1099/. 1178/. 1194,b,1207,e. . Good to dsr.fc Vlcers,13 j ,c. 4 io/.1050,0,1052,5, Good Table of the Nature, Vertue andD angers. Good for or to cure hollow old and new Vlcers, 913,3. 340,3. 660,b.7o6,b.i 190,6.1235,1. To heal.- old eating Vlccrs/ 33,3. 916,3.649/1099/. To fcourc and clcnfc old rotten vlcers,85 8,c.287,?.438,0.555,p. 5S1/.1133/1. To helpc all outward viccrs,863,3. To mundifiecorrupr,fouk,& fikhic Vlcers,189/79 5,0.563//: 365,6,5 81/.698/. 1050, e.1133/.1 207,?. To appealc the rags of cankerous Vlcers, 859,5. To hcalc greens or new Vlccrs,i49,b. 115,a. To caufc vgly Vlccrs,Si 5,3, Good againft mortified Vlccrr,729,h.ioyi.h. To ftay running or eating Vlccrs, 687,3.1 05 2,g.i I8o,ci.r 244,1c, 1207/. 1194/. Tofillvp hollow Vlccrs witKflefh,698/. 1044/. I0)0,e.i i8o,f. 1190, k.i 23 5,1.1244/.1 i47,b. To cure venomous Vlccrs, 1044. For running Vlccrs in the heads of yoong children, 1074,k. To defend maligned virulent Vlcersfrom inflammation,491,a, 708,2. To cure purrified Vlccrs,423.-.433,b.4^3,6.581,0.1099,b. Good againft all hot burning and fretting Vlccrs, 413,^.509,3. For old venemous and malitious Vlccrs, 1133,n. To hcalc Vlcers ofthe fccrct partes and fundamental 1/1,452/ 507,c.ii02. To cure Vlccrs of the throte/ 2^9,a. To hcale Vlccrs in tender bodics,x 178,6. To flop bleeding Vlcers,3 49,d. To cure malignant and rrbcilious Vlccrs,422,b.708,3.1009,6,1. Tohealc Vlccrs of the kidneic?/ 3 i,b.66i,g. Good for Vlccrs in the low gut,1027,1, To mundific and make clcanc maltgoc & eating Vlcers,i 257,01. ?6o,d. To hcalc and fill vp the Vlccrs in the eics, 1247,0. To fcourc,mundifie£c hcale old Vlccrs,259,6.295,0.306,3.897,?. To curchoc Vlcers ofthe mouth,371,641^,6 To cure corrupt and rotten Vlccrs of the mouth, 32.5a 3 - 5 81,61031,6. To confume hoc Vlcers, 282 g. To cure Vlcers on the glandulous part of theyarde,278,6.878,0 45 V* To cure malitious and venemous Vlcers of the mouth, and al¬ monds of thethrote,86?,3.841,0.708,3. A good medicine agiioft tBicerattCttS in the 'priuic parts of man or woman,7415.6291,1.454,6. Tocurc Vicerations ofthe matrix,419,e, Tohelpc Vlccrations ofthe guts,419,c. Good againft Vlccrations of the lungs,5 63,3. Good againft Vlccrations of the mouth,366, a. To cure Vicerations of the kid nr ics andbladder,34l,d. To take away the paine of an tLlntOSnc, 362,6. Good for (uch as are without <H U 13 CT : r. 3- ‘l 1 9 - h • Tohelpcorftrcngthcn Vndcrftanding/247,g.i 317,5* An yLlngUentfor wounds, 3 79,6. An excellent Vngucnt to incarnate or bring vp fitffh in dsepe wounds,431,6.524,0, To cure the dticafc called Voluulus Hemxt'.tes^z’;,i. Tohur: thc213t!tcr,T305,e. Tockerc the Voice, 35, \ Good againft hoarfenes ofthe Voice,i7S,c.T342,3. To ft aie ( 53 -Dicing of blood ,661 ,f. 1099 ,c. To prouoke or caufc 213 Ottllte, 83,q.i 85.b,2.106,3,407,8.115,6. 188,6,218,e-4co,3.407,3,415,6. 57S,f6?9,d.720,6.1219,3. 1239,^* • To reprefleoucrniuch Vomiting of cliokr, 1263 ,d.lookeFe'ol)ie. Toftav Vomiting, 3:3,0.860,3. 553,3,1.736,3.1037,2.1224/. I232,6,c.12 4,c. 1263,(1, g,h. 1264,6.1289,0. 1317,5 1 337 , c - 1341,0,1368,3.1370,3.1375,2. Good for thofc that Vomite blood, 624,d.1264,0. Tohelpc Vomiting of blood, 505,6,452,3. 457j a *458,c. 553 a^* 736^.1288,6. To caufc one to Vomite flegmc & fiimie matter violently," 99, a. Toftaie or take away the deffire or readines to Vomite, 840,2. 878,e. 4 40,b.69 2, a. 728 ,o,d. 1 263,d. To ftaic Vomiting of women with childc,i 3 3 4,6.736,0. Tocaufe a defire to Vomite,260,3.445/1249,3. Good for them that vomite blood from ihefplcene,93S,d. To ftaic the inordinate defirc to Vomite,54^/* 1 <4 M To procure Vomite mightily,3 57,3.11334.1137,6. To ftay the defirc of Vomite at rhe fea,544,a. Topurgcby Vomite, 1133,g.looke Purge. Good againft of the ftomacke,88o,a. To prouoke t&jjtnc out of hand, 2 61 ,c. To prouokc Vrine mightily, 689,0.54^.57,3.87,3.13 5/.140/ i 85 ,d,^,F. 749 ,f 9 3°, c 429,3.1013,3,0.1174,0.13 51,3. Toprouoke Vrine, 3,a.29,6.40,3.65,3.102,3 137,6.140,3.141,'. 142,d.i78,b,c.i8 5,c,g.i86,3.190^.738,3.760,a.762,3.765,0 775,3sc.778,f.i93-c.502,d. 5^0,6.557,0.201,6. 864,3.849/ 862.3.6.882.3.883.6. 886,6.892,0.893,3.896,6. 295,3.865,3. 866,b868,c. 869^.871,3. 872,6.873,6.874,6.875,3,877,0. 878.3.879.3.6. 897,6907,3 919,3922,3.926,3.349,3.350,3. 955,3.422/. 424,6.428,3.433.3. 444,0.4^5,b.452.6.457,3. 459,3.463,470,0 5 24^. 529,b.J35,a,0.536,3.540,3.542,6. 548,3.551,b-557> c - 569,0.571,a. 586,6.616,3. 648,3.665/, 668.6.692.6. 693,3.709,2 962, t! 984,6.987,3993/. ic:o,a. Ioo 9 ,c.ioi 9 ,a.io 35 ,c.i 042 ,a.io 4 j.,h.io 52 ,f.io 66 ,d.i 072 ,a 1076,1'.! 092,h 1 io8,f 11T 1,61133,rn. 1142,3 11.4,6.1154,b. 1 158/1173,0.1182,3. 1384,5.1190,3.1192,0.1194,3.1212,.!. 1223,5.1 2 24,m. 1227,e.i 244,6.1246///. 1257,6/]. 1266/.. 1281,r.1333,6.1341,f.i349 ; 3,T3 50,3.1352,3.1357,l',i275,!. To prouoke Vr me gently, 23, a. 8 So/ .418, ,463,3. Tohelpc the flopping ofVrme, 2 2 2,a.272,'.53 2/. To purge by Vrine mightily,54/. To purge much Vrine out of then: thathatcc the dropfic, 426/ 148,d. T o procure bloodie Vrine,744,3. To clenfe the Vnnc vclkls of rough and raw humors, 349,3. To alay thcfharpnesof Vrinc,778,f. 1149,6; 1174, H Good againft gripingsofthe bcllto in m Fingof Vnnc,882/. T0 cknic naughtic humors by Vrine,938/. w G Ood againft the HDamblmg ofthe (lorn arke, 314^.54^,3.. Good againft Wambling of the belly.457,6. To ftay wambling of womens ftomackcs chat be with childc, i? 34 ,h. Tocaufecragged UDsrtCtf to fall away,915,1.266/ 403,6. , To take away Warresin any part ofthe 60010,227/ 301/728,0. ico6,a. 1328,11.1363,3, Tokerpe a man th. t he be not flung offtpafpc#, 787,3.1075,0'. Good againft the ftingingof Waipes, 786,3. 55..,m. 556,3, 1075,0.1223,6. Tohelpc one that cannot make Uftatev prefcntlv, 922,3.422,4. Againft difficulticor ereatpaincof making Water, > d Hup¬ ping of the fa me,2 3,b. 188/760,a. 261,a,f 272,1.869,d.£7 >.,c ^753 a '9'9j c . 949 a 3 422,3.455,3. 498,3.520,3.540,6.548/. 640, d. 1174, d. 1257,1.3276/. To caufc one to make Water, 180,3. $91,3. 902/, 572/, 1.1076,)’. To bring much Water out of the mouth,864,b 849,10, A rcmedic for liftatCringofthc cies, 1305,b. Howto amend corrupt Water at fca, <46/. A good Water to wafh a fore throte, mouth, and priuic partes of man or woman,341 /.34s,0.624,0.1092/. To confume away tOBjCStt kernels, 1064,3. Good acainft the HDCuUniCjS? ofthe huer/033,3. Againft Weakencs ofthe beilie.1094,3. Good to refture fuch as be Weake ? 79 5/. A1 emedic for Weakencs ofthe back;, 1 78/. Tocaufe a wayfaring man to fecle no ftaCdrifctnttf#, 946,;!. 12027. To r e m oou e Wea ri fo rr n es 7 44, a .946, d .617. h. ’ 2 25, J. Totakc av/aylycbjffof the cies 28 8,653 2,6.684,d.69 5 >^- 7 cY ' 1018/7035/11 20/.1347/.13 53» c * To ftay orkeepe backe the Web in theeic, 5 63,0/1037,0.13 5 3/ To ftay the IrDCgpfng ofeur nr hurt finewes,863,c. Tocaufe yoong Js/CiiCljeS rolooke faire ant) chcrrie-hke,? 14/ Tobringdownc the termesof young Wenches, 227,d. 314/ 553,!.' Good acainft tlftC'rt# 689/. Toconlume/ilFolue/nt) rake away Wens, 72,a. 747/, 860.,e. 869,1,463//68 3.1050,0. To he3le a kmdc of Wens called Melheridtt, 103 5/. Toraifcvp ttPijeale&SifjO* Good Table of the Nature, Danger, and Vertues. Good againft night Whealcs 3 938,i. Totakcaway Whcalcs fromthc face or other part of thcbodic, H 33 ,M 3 a 8 .h. To take away the paine of and to hcalc them,863 ,d 5oo,a.7zo,c.ii50,c. Toftayorheipe the 2£!)ite£, 960,3.553,c. 561,k. 568,0.665,1. 674,b, 736,3.960,3. 1082^.1083,0.1099,0. im,g.nj8,b. 119 5 >c. 1 2 07/. 1227 ,b. 13 06 ,c.i 3 09 ,b. 13 70, a. How to be hardened againfl the paine of32?l)tptJfng,i93,e, To keepc one from the hurl of any U0tlt)ebeaft,946,d. To kill all kindes of Wilde beaftcs,6zx,a. To hu rt t he XO mfcptpe, 1305/. To purge or raife grofle and flitnie humors out of the conduits of the Windpipc,984,c. To make fniooth the roughnes of the Windpipe,729,d. To confumc JtHnbe in the bowels,7 3 ?,c. To confumc windc in the fides,7 3 5,0460,4. Good for fuchas be fhort winded, 190,6.3 i8,c.880,b, 951, a. 984,1.985,6.1065,3,1257,0.1328,6. Againft Windeintheftomackc and coliokcgur,865,a. To ingender Windc,1785b 13 5.x 3 8.548,2. To confumc Windcofthe flomackc, 892,0,3 17,3.735,0.895,3. 9083b. Good again ((Winde or windines,Ti7,a, 4 62,b.897/. 1073,0. robrcake,cxpell and confumc Windc,135,b. 14; ,c 862,6.843,6 89ijd 806,b.868,d.871,c.873jb.874,0.875,6.878,2,0. 879,6. 880,3.926,3.573,6.624, d. 1341, e«i3 54,6. To breake Windines,! 349,d. Todriucaway Windincs,!iii,f. l I90,b. To driue away Wmdines of the ftomacke, 855,3.849,4/1.891,4. 317,3.872,8.897,3 926,3.546,5.616,3,1202,6. To breake and matter Windmcs of the beliic and guts, 908,2. 46o,d. Tobreakcor vraftc away the Windincsof the matrix, 795,3. t 88 ,x. 9 o 8 , 3 . To breedWindines,65,a.X35,m.i38,445,c.i2 54,a,b. To keeps from lowring,i3 3,e.970,b. Moderate vie of Wincvcric commodious,73 2,d,c,f,h,i.733, d. 716,1 To esufe Wine toyceld a grace in drinking,890,d. To reftore Wine to his former goodnes, 1375,f. Immoderate drinkmgof Wine excecdinghur£full,732,g.736/. Difference ofWiacs,732,k,l,ro,733,a,b. For what perfons Winers fitteft, 733,6,!. and for what petfons not,ibid.m.736,h. Choice ofWines,736,g,h,i,k,l. Topreferuc a man from being J59ttc5j£i53440,b. Good or auailabie againft Witchcraft,848^. To kill tSDcoIfcfiJ,755,a.822,b.622,c. Againft the poifonous Wolfesbanc, 1075,0. Totlcnlc the barren 3t>0SUbC and make it fit toconceiue,X346,b To kill the childe in the mothers Wombe,i9 5,0,970,3.1224,m. To cure the fluxes of theWombc,5i4,e. fWsfuIl to 33? osnstX with childc,207,27 0,6.684,1.696.970,0. To raife Women fickc of the Mother out of their fits, 190/. 899>h Good for the oucrmuch vomitingofWomen with childc,736,e. To flake fwellings in womens breafts, 6o,c. To make womcnfruitfuil, 555,b.i34i,f.624,a. To make Women barren,970,0.979,3.1303,d. To bring downc the naturall fickncs of Women, 29,b. 891,b. 422,3.5 55,b.looke Sicknes. Todiflolue thehardnesof Womens breaftsor paps, 4 22,b. Tocaufc a Woman to bring foorth a man childe,43/1.85,0. Good for Women thathauc any greefe or [welling of the matrix, xo27,q. To caufe Women to bring foorth female children,! 58,3. To cure Womens difcafes,9 4 6,a. Toprouoke Womens termcs,feeTermes. Good for Women with childe, 1 263,?,! 266,d. To caufe Women to hasie cafie and fpcedic trauell in childc- bearing,744,3.762,3.291,d 563,^13 29,0. To caufe a Woman to bring foorth wife 4liiIdren,X264,d. Good fora Woman newly deliuered, 1257,(1. To bring downc Womens flowers,140,b 195,e. To ftaie the luffing or longing of Women with childe,728, a. Good for Women thatbe not well denied after then dcliucrie, 83a,a«279,f,1019,b.xo76,s. To ftaie the inordinate fluxe of Womens termes, though it hath continued raanyyecres,34i,c. To bring downc the monthly c ourfc of Woracn,47,e.fee Month¬ ly courfe. To driue foorth 33?QJ!!te2f,19 5,e,465,0.1044,-M 184,0. How to kill Wormes in yoongchildrcn with outwaid remedies, 3,c.i 4 i,d. 178,g,188,g. 28 7 ,d.926,b. 94236.1044,6 ,1 06,9b. H 94 ,c.i 259 ,d. To breede Wormes in the belly,60,3. For Ring-Wcrmc5,657,a.827,0,318,6.657,3.728,0. To ltil Wormes and driue them [001111,949,6,952,0419,2.459,6. 5 x 9,b. 5 26,b.i co7,c.l 066, e. 12 59,d.i 3 61 ,c. To driue foorth long and round Worracs,i37,£77o,i. To driue foorth Wormes of the bcllie, 2 50,1.287^412,0.512,3. To driue foorthflac and round Wormes,266,d.97o,a. To voide away Worrncs of the guts,p3 8,c. Tokill Wormes in the belly and driue them foorth, 14x^.185,2. J 88,5.770,1.860,b.820,a,287,d.926,b,c. 942.3.95 2,6, 437', a. 587,1 668,d. 1044,b.x 184,11.1252,0.1 282,y.i38t,b. G-.od agimft the Wormes in children, 155,3.288,x.4i9,6. To kill Wormes in children, and driue them fcorth by fiese or vomice,178,g.388,g 214,a.827,g,6,926,6,0.949,01.1069. To kill Wormes in children very fpccdily, 12 59,e. To lull Imali Wormes of the guts,941,a. Tokdl and purge away all kindc of Wot tries of the belly, 410,b. 557,f. 648,d.715,399^,3. 1 172, p.i 190,6. 7707,820^. 287,4. 437,3 524,g 5S7,f569Al 4 4,b. Tokiil the Wormes in the cares, 5 57/. 1172,1. Tokill Iitde Wormesji i86,g. Toclofe vp ftOountirS without perilofinflammation,56i,k.9i5,a 344,3.438,0.1327,0. To cure Wounds, 505,3.851,6.890,5.287,f 288,7.301,4. 911,6. 919,6331,3.958,*. 4 22,b.422,t. 4 3i,a. 507,a,e,514,6.536,3. 58i,e.66o,b 661,4.971,3.1102,3.1202/. To gltw togither pro I end}', &p;rf.&ly to cure greenc Wounds, 791,3.852,3,344,3.410,d 4 38,c.i297,b. To glcW and conlohdatc togither new and bleeding Wounds 3,6.7 5 8,a .79 5, a. 291 >h.5 08,a 51 4 ,e. 1M7,b. Tocmethofc that arc mortally Wounded in the bodie, 291,9. 962,c. To heale greenc Wounds fpcedily,13,3.149,6.344,3.1026/). Tohclpe foulc Wounds,863,3.1160,3.1283,0. Tocomfoi t Wounds in (Incwic pat 11,491,a. AgitiuU Wounds of the hcad,5 4 ,§.285,3. For Wounds in bodies of a flrong conftitution,395,a. To heale Wounds, 60,',797,3.8Q2,a.$5I.,3/y > d a e.289,b.56i,k, 577,3.1 082,111. Tocorifound andgletV togither great W'ounds, ix 4 ,a. 869,9. 344,3.965,6. To ket pc greenc Wounds from inflammation, ©r ficrie fwellingj 915,3.678,3, Good to foment deepe and perillcus Wounds with,!47,g, Tohcalcgrecneand freih Wounds, 504,3. 259,6.278,6. 285,9. 29i,a,c.916,a.329,d.41 o,d.43 5,6.43 6,6.433,c.655,3, 661 ,b. 1) 2o,f.x 133,11,1179,0.1259,f.i298,g.i33s,l.i346,f, To cure Wounds of th_ inward parts, 505,0.841,4.291,6,331,6 5 07,6.661,i. Good for Wounds readie to fall into Apoftemarion,497,0. To (launch the bleeding o( Wounds, 754,0.803,3. 349,4.38 8,b. 389/411,11.43 5,6.674,0.1375,0. To heale and skin Wounds of the head,1207,0. Good forortocurcgreene and bleeding Wounds, 793,3.794,3. 796,3,809,3/). 388,6.435,6.215,6 389/. 411,6.435,6,219,3. 159, b.327,3,295, d.329,c. 362/. 388,6.436,6.569,4. 68 4 ,e. 758,3.841,4.389/436, '438,0.560,0.1375,0. To defend Wounds from fw. liing and ranklin§,445,0.497,0. For inflammations in grecnc Wounds 679,2. Topreferuc dangerous greenc Wounds from all manner ofac- cidents,79o,g,58r,b. To heale inward Wounds,793,6.855,0.841,4.507,6.578,g66x,a. Good for Wounds made with any enuenomed weapon, 652,0/ 1020, h. Good for Wounds of the dugs,f.79 4 ,a. Good for Wounds of the fecrct pat 1*5794,3.841,4. Tofoderfrelli and old Wound),504,3.869,a. To heale Wounds in the finewe5,218^.331,6.958,9. Good for or to cure al outward and inward Wounds,840/1334,6 433 jb. 507,6.508,3.51 4 , a.J75,£.643,9, S > V ' .. • V. ■» , ) » Ca Table of the Nature , Pertue and Dangers. To take away,or to ceafc the burning hcatc in Wounds, 843,3. 581,b. ^ Grceuous and dangerous Wounds,cured by the Author, 348,3. Sji,a,b.8f3,c ; d,r. Good againft Wounds made by vencT»ousbeafts.z87,k. To cure deepe Wounds^.88,1,8.433,c,d. ^ To take away inflammations and grccuous paincs in Wounds, and keepe them from corruption,i9i,h.58 i.b. To hclpc great JJTjentljCSf of the ankles,! I4,c. To-take away HDjincfc 12^,149 ,d.7zo,e. To hclpc the 22?^tigmss of the bcl!ie,3 01,c. Good againft the Wringing of the guts and bowels,? 09 ,f. Good again!! the 2Huttla,74?,f.^38,h. To hclpc the Vuula, 123 5,1,-. . Againft the tumors and fwcllings of the Vuula, 190,d. 41 o,f. 19 3 >b. Good againft the falling and excoriation of the Vuula,936,b. * Good^gainft the inflammation of the Vuula, $66 t 3.571^,702,0 n8o,a. Tocure the Joofencs of the Vuula, Ji4,d. Y T O curevlccrson ihrhe3dofch-'))aft)C,z9l,i. To rcmoouc hot fwellmgsof the Yarde,149,0. Againft excoriations of the conduit of the Yarde,Z2 z,d. To cure the inward excoriations of the Yardc,9i j,c. Good againft the paincs of the Yatde,34l,g. A remedie againft 3>ellOU>nc0,734,0. To take away the Ycllowncs of the skin,444,a, Toclcnfe the ^axOttuigof the ties,?^3,g. Toftay or hcIpethc^eOltinSj 891,9,872^. 878,3.SSo,b.?$3,l. 979 , 3 . Good againft Ycxing,3 18,a. FINIS. &K- A h (5 35 7 Mv:t 151 ? 125