Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/herballorgeneral00gera_2 GENE P A r T. Riltoric of Pkntes ° rrtff'P' j red h onn Ucrdrd r> L&ryCj■ London Jmstir iru> c 1J1 y Me >etdJks ;.■}*.*£? tot tibi menteprecor. i HIS SiNGVLAR GOOD LORD A MASTER, SIR WILLIAM CECILL KNIGHT,, BARON of BurghIey,Mafter of the Court of warcfes and Liueries,Chan- ccllor of the Dniuerftie of Cambridge, Ifnight of the mod noble order of the ( farter, one of the Lords of hir dAfaieshes mod honorablepriuie Counfell, and Lord * High Treafurer of England. - o Mong the manifold creatures of God (right Honorable and my fingular good Lord ) that haue all in all ages diuerfly entertained many excellent wits, and drawen them to the contemplation of thediuine wifedomc, none haue prouoked mens Rudies more, or fatisfied their defires fo much,as plants haue done, and that vpon iuft and woorthie caufes : For if delight may prouoke mens labour, what greater delight is there than to beheld the earth apparelled with plants, as with a robe of imbroidcred worke,fet with orientpearles,and gar- nifhed with great diuerfitie of rare and coftly icwels ? If this varietie and perfection of colours may affeCt the eie, itisfuchin herbes and flowers, that no Apelles, no Zeuxis euer could by any artexpreffe the like : if odours, orif tade may worke iatisfaCtion, they are both fo foueraignein plants, andfo comfortable, thatnoconfe&ion of the Apothecaries can equall their excellent vertue. Butthefe delights are in the curw: cl fenfes: the principall delight is in the minde, fingularly enriched with the knowledge of thefevifiblethings, letting foorthto vs the inuifible wifedome and admirable work- manfhip of almightie God. The delight is great,but the vfe greater,and ipyjied often withneceffitie. Inthefirflagesof the world they were the ordinalieraeate of men,and haue continued euer finceof neceffarie vfe both for meates tomaintaihelfc, and for medicine to recouer health. The hidden vertue of them is fuch, that (as Plinie noteth) A % the fclin.lib. 5 . cap 27. Ibid.lib.12, cap. a. Plutac.de dilcr.adul. & amic. Plm.I.iJ. cap.i. The Spittle Dedieatorie. the very brute beafts haue found it out: and ( which is another vfe that he obSerueth) from thence the Diars tookethe beginning of their art. Furthermore, the neceSfarie vSc of thefe fruits of the earth doth plainly appeerc by the great charge and care of almoft all men in planting and maintaining of gar¬ dens, not as ornaments onely, but as a neceSfarie prouifron alfo to their houfes. And here befide thefruit,tolpcakeagaineinawordof delight5 gardens, especially fuchas your Honor hath,furnillied with many rare fimples,do Singularly delight,when in them a man doth behold a flourishing Shew of fommer beauties in the middeftof winters force,and a goodly Spring of flowers, when abroad a leafe is not to be Scene. BeSide theSe and other caufes, there are many examples of thoSe that haue honored this jfei- ence : for to pafle by a multitude of the Philosophers, it may pleafe your Honor to call to remembrance that whichyou lino we of fome noble Princes that haue ioyned this ftudiewith their moll: important matters of Slate : Mithridates the great was famous for his knowledge herein, as Plutarch noteth: Euax alfo king of Arabia, thehappie garden of the world for principal! fimples, wrote of this argument, as Plinie Sheweth: Diocletian might he haue his praife, had he not drowned all his honor in the blood of his persecution. To conclude this point, the example of Salomon is before the reft and greater, whofe wiSedomeand knowledge was Such, that he was able to Set out the natureof allplantes, from the higheft Cedar to theloweft Mofie. Burmy very good Lord, that which fometime was the ftudieof great Philofophers and mightie Princes, is now neg!eded,except it be of fome few,whoSe Spirit and wiSedome hath carried them among other partes of wifedome and counfell, to a care andftudie of Speciailherbes* both for the furniShing of their gardens, and the furtherance of their knowledge : amongwhome I mayiuftly affirmeandpublishyour Honortobeone, beingmyfelfe one of your fcruants,and a long time witneffe thereof: for v nder y our LordShip I haue ferued, and that way imployed my principall ftudie, and almoft all my time now by the Space of twenty yeeres. To the large and Angular furniture of this noble Hand, I haue addedfrom forren places all the varietieof herbesand flowers that I might any way obtaine, I haue laboured with the foilc to make it Sit for the plants, and with the plants to make them to delight in the Soilc, that So they might line and proSper vnder our climate, as in their natiue and proper countrie: what my Siiccefle hath bcenc, and what my furniture is, Ilcaucto the report of them that haue Seene your Lordfhips gardens, and the little plot ofmy Speciall care and husbandrie. But bicaufe gardens arepriuate, and many times finding an ignorant or a negligent fucceSTor,come foone to mine,there be that haue follicited me firft by rny pen, and after by the Prelfe, to make my labours common, and to free them from the danger whercunto a garden is Subied: wherein when I was ouercome, and had brought this hiftorie, or report of the natureof plants to a iuft volume, and had made it, as the Reader may by comparifon See, richer than former Herbals, I found it no queftion to whome I might dedicate my labours: for considering of your good Lordfhip, I found none of whole fauourand goodneifel might fooner prefume, feeing 1 haue found you euer my very good Lord and Mafter. Againe, considering my dutie and your Honors merits, to whom may I better recom¬ mend my labours than to him, to whome I owe my felfe, and all that I am able in any feruice The EpiHle Dedicatorie. leruice or deuotion to performe ? Therefore vnder hope of your Honorable and accu~ Homed fauour,I prelent this Herball to your Lordfhips prote&ion 3 not as an exquisite worke(for I know my meanneffe)but as the greateft gift and chiefefl: argument of dutie that my labour and fer uice can afFoord: whereof if there be no further fruit, yet this is of fome vfe,that I haue miniftred matter for riper wits,and men of deeper iudgement to polifh 3 and to adde to my large additions where any thing is dcfe&iue, that in time the worke may be perfed. Thus I humbly take my leaue,befeeching God to grant you yet manydaiesto liue to his glorie, to the fupport of this Hate vnder hir Maieftie our dread Soueraigne,and that with great increafe of honor in this world, and all fulnelfe of glorie in the world to come. Your Lordfhips moH humble and obedient feruant, IOHN GERARD. v LANCELOTVS BRVNIVS MEDICVS REGINEVS IOANNI -GERARDO CHIRVRGO peritifsimo,6c rei herbaria: callentiffimo S.D.P. Vm fingularum mcdicinas partium cognitio atque intclligcntia libero homine dignacenfendaeft; rum earum nulla vel antiquitate, vcl digni- tate, vel vtilitate, vel deniqueiucunditatc, cum ftirpium ccgnitionc iure comparari debet. Antiquiflimam earn efte exeo liquet, quod quum cxteise medicine partes (ficut reliquse etiam artes) ab ipfis hominibus (prout eosdura preflfit neceftitas) prirnum excogitate Sdnuenttefue- rimt: folaherbarum arborumque cognitio ante hominemformatum condita, eidemque mox creato ab ipfo mundi architedo donata videri poteft. Cuiustanta apud antiqua fecula exiftimatio ac dignitaserat, vt & ipfius inuentionem fapientiffimo Deorum Apollini veteres tribue- lint, ®esceleberrimi in ftirpium vifibus indagandis ftudiumlabo- rcmque fuuia confumere, fummefibi apud pofteros laudi honoriquc futurum cenfuerint. lam verb plantarum vtilitas, atque etiam neceflltas^adcb late patet,vt eius im - menfitatem nullius velacutifsimi hominis animus capere, nedum metis calamus expritncre quear. Stirpium enim complurime nobis in cibos, alimentumquc cedunt: innumere aduerfus morbos remedia fuppedirant: ex alijs domos,naues,inftrumenta tarn beilica quam rufticafabricamus: ali¬ quot etiam earum veftes noftris corporibus fubminiftrant. Inquibus fingulis receniendisdiutiiis perfiftere, hominis diet intempcranter abutcntis & otio & literis. Quantas autem, &quam varias voluptates exftirpium fine amoenitate oculiscapiamus, fine fragrantia naribus hauriamus, fine iummain earum conch'torem impictate inficiarinonpoflumus. Adcbvt abfque ftirpium opc& fiubfidio vita nobis ne vitalis quidem haberi debeat. Quinn igitur res plantaria rcliquis omnibus me die in a? partibus antiquitate antecedat,dignitatc nullicedar, vtilitate infuper obleddioneq; cereras longe fuperet, quisfuturus eft,adco, autinfen- fatusvt non exploratumhabeat, aut ingratusvt non ingenue agnofeat, quanta vniuerfis Anglis commoda, quantafque voluptates tuns mi Gerarde in ftirpium inueftigatione & cultu labor inde- feftiis,ftudium inexhauftum, immenfique fumptus hoc de ftirpibus edito libro allaturi fimr. Made itaqueifta tua virtute, iftoque de republica bene merendi ftudio, & quod infignitua cumlaude ingrdTuses virrutis glorieque curriculum, eidem infifteanimose&gnauiter, neque a re plantaria promouenda piius defifte, quam earn a read vmbilicum iamferme produdamipfe plene abfoluas atque perficias. Sic enim & tibi adhiic fupcrftiti gloriam paries immortalem,& poft obitum tantam tuinominis cclebritatem relinques, vttuarum laudum pofteros noftros nulla vnquamcapturaftt obliuio. Bene vale. Ex AulaRegineaWeftmonafterij,ipfis CalcndisDecemb. 15^7. B - * 'i I ! MATTHIAS DE L’OBEL IOANNI GERARDO felicitatem. Vttm Londinum appuli, injinn qauifksfim( G erarde amicifme) dum typogra- pho form is excudenda Riant arum collect me a tua commifa vidi, de quibm fimrnas, milk die per it nr as laudes Anglia tibi Kei herbaria familiam vni- nerjam, medicatr icis art is partem, antiquifmum, iucundifimwn dr vtilifii- mum fIndium, retegere cupido, debet. Frifcorum enim Theophraffi, Diofco - necdt^L ridisy Plinij dr Galeni fcripta, pafim toto or be peruulgata, tanquam fintes Neotericornm antem, ceu riuulos, Brnnfelfii, Fuchfii, Tragi, RuellfMatthioli, Dodonai, Turneri, Clufii , Dalefcampf Camerarq, Tabernamontani Pena, cognitive noHramd nouam methodnm dr ordinem, a Gramme dr notioribus ad T riti- cea,generatim dr fpeciatim, materno idiomater-Anglica genti tua cultifiimee, Reipnblica voluptabili commodo, recludis quo ip faflimulata, herb arum delitias dr hortorum fitauifimum dr amcenifimum cult urn ampleclet nr, maxim or urn lmperatornm. Re gum dr Heroum tamprif corum quam nuperornm exemplo. Tpec fat is hoc tibifnit’-, fed mult o magis in piper praflitisli, quo d copiam mult arum elegant ifimarum plantarum in i^Anglia fponte nafcentiumab alijs ha ffernes pratermiffarum, hisionam viuts Nat ura typis noffie 5 quippe qui din herbas indigenos, inquihnas dr peregrinas, cum nuperrim'e folo erumpentes drpululantes,turn adultasfmine ^ pragnantes, hortulotuofuburbanoaluifli drfouisti: Ex- affirm enim cognofcendarnm expgura ant facie fiuperfi ciaria herb arum fiudium generatim confifiit ( Diof cor ide tesle) infeqnenti dr afidua, temporisomnis, mfpeffione. Sc d alia eft interior is dr fib ft antiflis forma plantarum, qua oculis cerni non potefi, filers cognition quam etiam, quantum petes percunciando, feniorum Gracorum Medicorum more, apenreconaris. Solebant autem antiqus fiiorum Medicammum experiment a, in Republic a vtditatem, firiptis tabellis dare, quibus apudEphefios templifyluatica Diana parities veftiebantur. Compertum etiam eft Hippocratem difeendi cupidum, permultis region i bus pera- gratis, idemprajhtiffe, dr in methodnm commemorabiliorem resfituffe dr illuftrajfe. Melius enim eft Rei- publica quam nofir is commodisprofiicere. 2pon efi igitur quod huites inuidiofa procacis atatis conuiciatores male die i Zoili fcripta tuaobtreffent : dedifiienim gratis quod potuifii, catena do ffioribus iudieijs relin- q nens\exortiuis dr exotic is incompertarum pene adhuc virium mangonizatis dr lenociniys alleff is E tori fa- rum for ibm a Flora Dea m er et rice nob ili diffis, valetiidini dr vtilitatipotius conf dens, quam voluptati, •vale re inf is. Tfonnullifiquidem ex alijs lib ris herba rum tranfiriptores rapfidi, ignotisfibi viuisplant is ad medendnm maxim eneceffarus, afignant incertis , dub ns drfuppofititijsftirpibm autfimplicibmfacultates legit imifmplicis medicaments, ma ximo err ore drfummapericlitatione( vnuenimfepcfimplex compofitio- nem inept am rcdditperuertit aut deprauat jquibm nec tuto nec ternere crcdendim:, multo f etia minus nnil- tis herb arum experimentisfa lla cibus , quibus etiam neque nif, not if mis m or bisfimplicibus.compoftis dr im¬ plicate, eorumdemffauifimis fimptomatibus, - fabros, interpolatores, circulatores forenfies dr veteratoresfiuticadignes,quipro- ffi fy fefionibus & mechanicis artibusfinis f aftiditis feelerato infanix lucrofc Medicos Theophrafieos quern vix F l:ll[rus vnquam fnmmis labris deguflarunt profitentur .ffon inuenufte. Syluius in huiufmodi homines inuehit, dim ait, Qnam quifquenouit artem^hanc exerceat vnarn 3 atqise excolat, &totus in ea verfeti’r, &c. Et lo ^ fub finem prafationis rtufts ait, Faxit Deus vt quifque quam exercet anem 5 perne(cat 5 & Medic Us rand!^ ^ nihil eorum qua; ad morbos cito & tuto curandos vtilia vel llecefieriaefleconfueuerunt^ignoret. Praeualet Medicus vbi Pharmacopoei fidesfulpedaeft^ quiiplefimplicia&compofitapernofcit; imoquam infamise notam imprudens inurit, dumignarushorum (implicium medicamentorum, tanquam abnus quidam ad omnia Pharmacopoei rogata^auribus mods, velut annuit :quid quod illi fsepeetiam volensPharmacopceusilludit. AbfiirdiffimuseftacfeperidiculusquiMedicinamfacit, harum rerum ignarus 5 &Pharmacopoeo ignorantise fufpe&um merito fe reddit. Plura fi vis require apud apiid Syluiurn, ibf cm loci. Medico qnamplurima perfcrutanda, vtfatls fuperque adartent'medicatricem perdifcendam y arm os pantos haudquaquamfufficere , teflantur ipfius expcrientijjimi & Diuini fenis verba, Demo* i* d inquit j Ego enim adfinem Medicine: non pcrucni, etiamftf n fcncx fim. Et Jratimper initio, mm. Aphorifmorum vitam breuem Jr artem longampronunciauit. Quomodo ergo tuto medebuntur mnltilar - Hati Medici ant Medicaflri tarn repent} creati,nulla Medicinaparte, Medicamentorumvcfacultatibus perfpetlis ? Hviujmodi aduUtores,a(fentatores, dubitatoresjri^at&resjericlitatores dr Gnathonicospara- fijlratos hiflrionibus am in tragcedqs introducuntur fimiUmosfmt Hippocrates. Quemadmodurn enim illi ( inquit) figuramquidem & habitum ac perfonam eorum quos rcferunt habent, iili ipfi aurem lumtideri' vere non Hint: Sic & Medici fama quidem & nomine multi,* re autem & opere vald£ pauci. Jtaque qum effe. c q fn paulb ante Medicimm omnium art mm praclarifumam e(fe dixerit : Veium propter ignorantiain eorum qui earnexercent 3 & ob vulgi ruditatem,qui tales pro Medicis iudicat & habet;iam co res de- ueniffe, vt omnium artium iongeviliffimacenfcatur. At verb hoc peccatumobhancpotifiimuni caufam committi vidctur5 foli namque Medicine nulla poena in rebus publicis ftatuta eft, praster- quam ignominise. 7 Je animam dr famam Lederet, ant illi infignis ignominia inureretur ob huiujinodi ard.ua dr noxia difcrimina, bonus Hie dr Jjncems Bodonaus (quamuis mult as herbas ex alps dr Fuchjio tranfc ripferit, cuius met ho do vfus eft, quern q, inchoauerat, vt ipfewet mihi retui it, vernacula Germanic a inferiori lingua vert ere) vulgatijsimis, notifsimis ijff pane is ex tot herb arum millibus , oguinopuagenis aut feptuagenis her bis quibus vtebatur, pot ms content usfuit, quam inmmeris fibi ignotispericlitari: melius enim omnino medicamento carere.abjlincre, dr nat nr a commit t ere,qua m abuti. Vtinam huius no fir a atatis quamp lures aufo pot iti, medicinam faBitantes, eoJludio , candore cr voto mederentur : Illis id for/it an ne~ quaquam eneniret , quod philofophis (Hippocrate defunclo) difeipulis fuis inexpert is dr parum adhuc exer- citatis medendo, id ejl necando (vt memories traditumefl) contingit: Qnamobrem ars Medica vAthenis, Roma dr per vniuerfam Graciam centum drfeptuaginta annis, inter diet a dr exulfuit. Merito igitur cant e dr tut e agendum ; Opiatis dr Diagrediatis, Colocynthide , Tithymalis, Efula, Lathy ride, Mercurio, Stibio, dr Jimihbus molest iflmus fimplicibus am cant ion e vtendum: cptimis ducibus dr experientifiimis fenioribus praceptoribus aiharendum, quorum fub vex illis jidifime dr tutijsime rara dr praclara, ob barbariem fere extintfa 7 patrum dr auorum remedia , maximo dr priflino art is ornawento dr proximi vtilitate renouantur , dr in vfum reuocantnr ; negleclis,fprctis, dr exclufis Empiric is verbofis, imidiofis , fufpenfs,a m bagiofis dr exitiofis 0pinionibus,qmbus Mundus immundus regitur dr labitur j qui cum decipi velit,decipiatnr s in cuius fallaciasperappofite frnxit dreecinit olimhos verficulos eruditifumuscollega T >. Iacobus Paradifius nob ills Gandauenfis allndens ad nomen t anti verfutij&mi herois IJoJlradami Salo* menfis Gallo-promncia , \ 2 poJlra-damus, cum verba damns , quiafallerenoflrum 5 Etcum verba damus, nil nifi Noflra -damns . Vale. LondiniipfisCakndisDecembris 15^7, / IN GERARDI Botanologiaii v. V Lt'tmu* ecce Gerardus: at edit an optima* herb a* f Quid ni ? non not os fed dedtt tile non as . Ergo ne inuideas, videos cum nomen & omen pK7 zKo-ys, mi rum est ardua quanta gerit, Oi/Tis rtWTfc, Y&TaS\ Anglice editam Epigramma. "C 1 Gyegiam cert} laudcm,decus immortale refertis 7 u, (oc ip y { tut, magnum & memorabile nomen (Illustrii D EF O RAX) raptor thus orbis 1 BE RIS Beu.clis claffe of 7^ G LO RF M\ Tu% (Dicafta Maxime EG E RT O N E)vcterem fuperws R ha damn nt hum , HE ROVM merito >1 uiU£ v cenfendusinalbo . Nec lam vefira minor (facra piet at is alumni) Qua mentes hominum diuinapa fit is efca. O/natis Patriam cunBli, nomen ^ Britannum Augetis, vobiig { viam munitis adajlra,, Quinagitej & in partemJaltempermittee honoris Phcebei vent ant Fates, quipeHere gnart Agmina morborum, human a infidiantia vita . Huiw & in gent es,ferenafront e labor es A N G L O-DIO SC O R1DIS, Patria, vefira^ fainti Excipite exhaulios .* paulum hue diuort item HO RT OS Qu?s C H O R T EIA colit, quos Flora exornat,& omnes Tpjiiades, dr Dryades, charites, Nymphag, Britanna. Corporibm hie gratafalm, anirniu^ volv.pt as. Hie laxate ammos : HA BIT A FIT NFMEN IN HORT/S. Fran. Hering Med. D. Thomas Thomas <7S( 'ewtonus , C eft reftiy rius,D ,fo . Cjcrardo } amiconon vulgari. S. P OH tot ah ingenuis confer ipt a volumina my Hu, Herb drum vires qui refer are docent, Tu tandem prodis Spart am ^ hanc gnauttcr or nos, Dum rehquu palm am praripu/Jfefades. Nee facts hoc, rutilo vtpofis ditarier auro, Nec tibi vt a ccrefcat grandis acerum opum ; Sedprodejfe volcns, vefitosgramine colies Pcrlufras , & agros frondifertmf nemos. In decy P *onuis (apis inftar) colhgis her bos, In % tuumfir pcs conger is alueolum. Mille ttbi [pecks plantar umpi Me f nota ; Hortulus indicio eft, quem colis ipfe domi. P amp in e a vites yedolens cedrus, innub a law ms, 7[ota tibi, not a ef pinguisolim tibi. Balfama, nareyffus , rhododaphne, nardus, amomum, Salnia, dittamnus,galbana,nota tibi. Ouidmultis ? radix, ftrpsfos, cum cortice ramus, Spica cj ? cum flapis eft bene not a tibi. G rat ulor ergo tibi, cunctisf (Gerarde) Bntannis, Njtmptwtcof tuogratulor , atque meo. Nam Cefirejbyrij te ac megenuere parenles, Tu meliore tamenfydere natus eras. Matte animo,pergasf preccr, cceptamyfaborem Vrgeetiamvltenus. kiuitur ingenio. iwiurum habeant alj,gemmas, mttdosf pyropos. Plant as tu dr foresfenbe Gerarde . kale. Verb Sc ex animo tuus, 'Thomas Newton, Ilfordenfis UgpQtLVW. Thomas Thorney M after in Chirurgerie, to his learned friend and louing brother in Art, M.fohn Cjerard. O Ft haiie I heard,and oft haue read In bookes of learned lore. That Man, the name of Little world. Or Microcofmos bore. And rightly hire; whole minde doth range The circled world about. Whole head (a little Globe) conceiues Each worldly thing throughout. As this in all,fo now in thee. This thing appeereth trevv By Ipeciall note (fweete Gerard) hcerc In this thine Herball new. B 2 Wherein Wherein (as in a glafie) we fee How thou thy minde haft bent, Thy bodie toyld,thy time beftowde, And many a pound haft fpent. In fleepeleffe nights,in reftleffe daies. In places far andneerc, Infearchingthis,in trying that. In countries here and there* Preferring ftillthe common good, Negle&ing (till thine owne. And art content that we fhall reape The feede which thou haft fownc. No priuate hindrance, lofle nor paine Could daunt thy harts defire To profit others: which thou tak'ft For thy fufficient hire. Diftharg’d heerinthou truly haft A right good Chriftian parr. In bringing foorth to publike good This treafure of thine art : Not bungled,botched,hackt and hewde. Nor pend in childifh guile. But fquar’d by skill,and tride by proofe, In iudgement of the wife. Of fimpleshere we do behold Within our Englifh ibyle. More ftore than ere afore we did, Through this thy learned toyle : And each thing fo methodical!. So aptly coucht in place. As I much mufe, how fuch a worke Could fram’de be in fuch fpace. For in well viewing of the fame We neede not far to rome. But may behold dame Natures ftore By fitting ftill at home. We fee here a perpetuall fpring, A gallant flowring May, Which month is painter of the world. As feme great Clerks do lay. Reioice in God (good Gerard) ftill. Who thus hath lent thee ftrength. And eke infpirde thee with fuch grace. To end this worke at length: And doubt not but herein thou haft Both pleafed God and man: Happie art thou in doing this, Happie when thou began. commendation of Af.Iohn Gerard for his diligence in Jimpling , by JVJVGerman, G Aze they that lift vpon the loftie skies, As rapt with Iunoes painted peacocks traine When in the aire fhe vaunts hir Argus eies. And dips hir bowe in partie-colourde raine, How firft fhe lpredes,then wraps it vp againe: Heauens azure curtaine let whole will behold, Bedafht with aglets and with Ipangs of gold. My friend likes not to mount aboue his reach, Or meddle there where diftancc maketh dout: High things arehard to learne and bad to teach. And no lefte dangerous to go about: The funne we fee puts oft the eiefight out, And vpright gazers minding not their feete, Stumbling do lay their length vpon the ftrectc. Alo vvly courfe more fitter for his Iooke Doth pleale him better,than thefe loftie fhowes: The fruitfull earth he makes his daily booke. And turnes fuch leauesas all his (enfes knowes: He marks the fertill ground whereon he goes, And viewes the plentie of our mother Earth, Which yeelds fupplie againft dileafe and dearth. Our mother Earth pofieft with womans pride, Pcrceiuing Gerard co be beauties iudge, And that hir treafure is not vnelpide, Of hir faire flowring brats fhe is no fnudge: But here and there where Gerardloucs to trudge, Hir verdant mantle fpreading round about. She boafts the pleafance of hir goodly rout. They all take Gerard for chiefe friend of theirs. To whom they frame a garland for a figne Of that pure loue,which each to other beares $ O let the red Rofe and the Eglantine Vouchfafe their prefence in his garland twine: Let thofe faire flowers of our Englifh field, Vnwitherde long their fragrant odours yeeld. B 3 To 7 the well affedted Reader and peruier of this booke, St. c Bredwell c PhiJition > gro uing. Plin.Iuu. caf; in pan. ^ ' ^ Penis *l je campe of glorie and honor for all men, faith the yoonger Plinie : net on e!y 'fZ men of great birth and dignttie, or men of office endewedwith pub like charge and ' titles, feene therein, and haite the garland ofpyaife and preferment waiting to | ferowne their merits’, but euen the common foldier likewife: jo as he,whofe name and noble. Thefchooleof fcience keepeth femblable proportion: whefi amplitude y as not f'c-Ralwaies, mr only, men of great titles and deqrees , labour to tlluHrate-, Jo whofoiuer ' doth,may confidently account of, at the leall his name to be immortall. What is he then that will cienie his voice of gracious commendation , to the authors of this booke : to euerie one (no doubt) t . in ern? there ** due a condfine meafure. T hefir Hgatherers out of the Ancients , and augment or s by their owne Dodormis^ paiaes, haue alreadie fbread the odour of their good names, through all the lands of learned habitations. L’obeiius, D . Pried:, for his tranflat ion of (o much as Dodonacus, hath hereby left a tombe for his honorable fepul - montanus. ture. Mailer Gerard comming lali, but not the leafl, hath many waits accommodated the whole worke vnto our Enphfhnation: for this ’fuller it of plants as it is richly replenfied by thofefine mens labours laid togither,fo yet could it full ill bme wanted that new acccfion he hath made vnto it. Many things hath he nourished in his garden, and obferned in our Englifh fields s, that neuer came into their pens to write of. eMgaine, the greatell number of thefe plants , hailing neuer beene written of in the Er.glfi toong, would haue wanted names for the vulgar fort to call them by : in which dfiecl, he hath beene curt- ofily care filth, touching both old and new names to make (upp lie. s^JndleaH the Reader fould too often lan puifh with fruitate defire, to fin.de fomeplant he readeth, ofrarevertue, he ffareth not to tell(if him- felfe haue feene it in England)in what vvoodpaflure or ditch thefame may befeene andgat her edJ Vhich when 1 thinke of and t her ewithdl remember, with what cheer e full alien tie, and refolutc attendance he hath many ye eyes tilde this ground,, and now brought foorth thefruit of it, whether I fhould more commend his great diligence to att awe this skill, or his la rge beneuolcnce in bestov vtng it on his count rie, I cannot eafly determine. T his bookebirth thus broughtfoorth by G e rard, as it is informe and diff option faireandcomly,euery fpecies being yeferredto his likeliest genus, of vvhofefiockc it came: fo is it accom¬ pli fed with fur pafing varietie, tofuck fireadrnggro wth ffr flrength of euerie lim/is that it mayfeme fome heroic allimpe of illuflriom race,able to draw the eies and ex: eolation ofeuery man vnto it, Som what rare it will be he ere for a man to moouea queficn oft - is nature, and depart again e without fome good faiis fact ion, Man fold will be the vfe both to the R hi ft ion and others : for euerie man delight eth in «p T' 5 ' knowledge naturally, vvhich(ns Ari (loti e find) is in pr offer it le an or no. merit, in aduerfiti ‘ a refuge . But this booke a bone many others will Jute with the mo si, bicaufe it both plentioufly mini fir eth knowledge , which is the foode of th e minde 5 anddeth it alfovvith a familiar andpleafingtafie to euerie'capacitic , Now,as this commoditie is communicated to all and manyfhallreceiue muchfuit thereof fo 1 vv.fi fome iuuena], ma y J. UU cthe minde to returns a benefit e againe 5 that ■, t mi fit not be true in a ft hat luuenal faith fici re volunr orhuCs,mercedem foltiere nemo : that is, All ddirc to kno\ve,none to yeeld reward. Let men thinke,thatthe perfection of this knowledge is the high aduamement of the health of man : that pe fe¬ ci ion is net to be attained Jut byfir ong endeuour : neither can fir eng endeuour be accomplfied, without fee maintenance. 7 his ’ nth not he, who is forced to labour for his daily bread : but if he vvhofrom the fort bowers of his daily and neccffarie trauell,fieahng (as it were ) fome, for thepublike behoof. e, and fetting at length thofepeeees together, can bring foorthfo comely a garment as this , me etc to couer or put away the ignorance of many: what may Le thought he vvould doffpubhke maintenance did fee him from t hatpriuate care and vmte his t ’ oughts to, be wholy intent to thegenerallgood. O Reader,if filch men ns this flick not to rob tbexnfe lues offitch wealth as thouhafi to inrtch thee, with that fibflance thou vvantefi , detract not toffs are out of thine abundance to merit and encourage their paines •. that fofiuxible Cicoffic.t. riches,and permanentfcience s, may the one become a prop vnto the other. Although y,raife andrevvarde ^ ioinedas companions to fiuitfu/l endeuours,are(in part)defired of all men, that vndertake Ioffes, labours, comm, in or danger sfor the pubhke behoof eft catfe they addefine we s (us it were) vnto reafon, and able hirmore 11 ' L and more to refine hirfeife: yet do they not imbrc.ee that honor in reffecl of itfelfe, nor in rejfeclofthcfe that 7-Sac. that confer re it vpon them, hut as hatting thereby an argument in them felr.es , that there is fme i themvvoorthie estimation amongmen: which then doubleth their ail / me to dfirue it moreabi.r- dantly. admirable andfor the imitation ofi Princes,was that act of hlcy.2V.de\\whofitting Anl .otic . to compile commentaries of the brute creatures, allowed him for the better performance thereof, certains thoufands of men , in all Aft a and G recce, mof skilfullobf enters offuch things, to giue him information tou- ching allbeaHsjfifhesfoulesJerpents andjlies. What came of it ? bookc written, wherein all learned men in all ages fnce do exercife themfeluesprincipally, for the / nowledge of the creatures. Great is the number of thofe that of their ovvnepriuate, haue laboured in the fame matter, from hu age clovvne to cur prefent time, which all d.o not in corner if on fat is fie vs. Whereas if in thofe enfuing ages there had r/fin (l ill new Alexanders, there (certainly) world not have wanted Ariilotle s tohauemadethe evidence of thofe things a hundredfold more c leered unto vs, than now they be. Whereby yon may p ere cine the vne quail effects that follow thofe vnfutable caufcs of publike and priuate maintenances vnto labours and ftudies. Now that lmight not deffaire in this my exhortation , ifee feme examples of this munificence in¬ cur age,to giue me comfort : Ferdinand the Emperor and Cofinus Medices Prtnceof Ti f cane are herein Cr _ :lus in regif red for furthering this fcience of plants,infollowing of it them flues and becomming skilfull therein: rcpr'ftudlj which courfe oftheirs could not be holden, without thef reporting and advancing of fit ch as werefiudi- om to excell in this kinde. Beiiomus likewife (whomfor honors catfe I name ) amanof hi gh attempts v.-urm. * in naturallfcience,greatly extolleth his kings liberalise, which endowed him with fee leijitre to follow cuf!‘ r ob£ the fludie of plants, fee on dedal fo herein by Montmorencie the Con fable, the Cardinals Cafnl.on and Lorraine,w/Y/; Qhuerius the chancellor-, by vvhoje meaneshe was enahUdtoperforme thefi his notable peregrinations in Italic, AfiicaandWfia : the fvveete fait whereof as we haue recoined fometAjfe by his obferuationsfo wefhould plentionfy haue beene filled with, if violent death by mofi ac cur fed rob¬ bers fad not cut him off Wnd as l finde thefe examples of comfort tnforren nations fo vve are(I conffife) much to be thankful! to God for the experience vve haue of the like things at home. jf(neuertheleffe) vnto that rhificke lecture latelyfo well ere die dynen who haue this war Ides goodes (bad hat c harts alfo of that fir it, to adds feme ingenious labourer in the skill of fpnples they frail mightily augment and ado me the Whole fcience ofPhifcke . But if to that likewife they ioyne a third, namely the art of Chimicallprepara¬ tion ^ that out of tho f good creatures, which God hath giuenman for his health, pure fab stances may be procuredfor thofe that be ficke :(. if care not to fa y it though 1fee how Moimi s fcorneth ) this prefent gene¬ ration would purchaf more to the perfection of Phi ficke, than all the generations pall fnce Gaiens time haue done: that 1 fay, nothing of this one fruit that would grovve thereof to wit, the difeouerin? and abolfiring of thefe pernicious impostures and (ophillicat ions, which mount promt fng Paracelfians every where obtrude, through want of a true and con fi ant light among!! vs to difeerne them by. In which behalfi, remembring that mourn fullfieechofgrave Hippocrates ; The arc of Phifickc truly excelleth h tp-^ allarts, howbeir, through the ignorance partly or thole that cxercileir, and partly of thole that judge rafhly of Phificions ,it is accounted of all arts the mod inferiour: jfay m like manner, the art of chimifrie is in itfelfe the mo ft noble infl'rument of naturall knowledges ; but through the ignorance and impietse,partly of thofe that mofi audacioufiy profeffe it without sk ll and partly ofi them that impudently condemns that they knovve not,it is of a ll others mo ft ba fly defbifed andfiornfully ye effed. cN p rineipall ' - remedie to remooue fuch contumelious difgrace from th fie t wo pure virgins ofonefiocke andl. nage, is this that I haue now infinuated, even by ere Bing the laboratory ofi an mdufiriom chimijl, by the fvveete. garden offour ijhing frnples. T he P hi ficke reader by their meanes, fall not onely comefurn fed with authorities of the Ancients , and fin file probabilities for that he teacheth, but with real! demon fra tions alfo in many things, which the reafonofi man, without the light of the forne.ee, would never haue rea¬ ched vnto. I haue vttered my harts defire,for p t omotingfirfi the perfection of my pro fief ton, and next byneceffarie confequcncejhe hmlthie hues of men. if God open mens harts to provide for the former, it cannot be, but that the hippie finite s (bill be feene in the Utter. Let the ingenious learned nidge whether I ha ue reafon on my , O o J / fide ; the parti ad addicted feet I fhun, ns men that never means good to pofireritie. George George Baker, one ofhir Maiefties chiefe Chirurgions in ordinarie,and Al.ofthe Chirurgions of thecitie of Londonjo the dreader . Rootle a Prince araongftthePhilofophers, writing in his Metaphy- ficksof the nature of mankinde, faith, that man is naturally inclined anddefirous offcience. The which fentence doth teach vs, that all creatures (being vertuouflv giuen)do ftriue to perfection,and drawe neere in what he can to the Creator, and this knowledge is one of the principal parts which doth concerne the perfection of vnderftanding: for of the fame doth follow, that all fuch are generally inclined to knowe the mearies by the which he may conferue his life,health,and reputation. And although it be necefTarie for man to learneand knowe all fciences, yetneuertheleflethe knowledge of naturall philofophie ought to be preferred, as being the moft necefTarie j and moreouer,itdoth bring with it a fingular pleafure and contentment.The firft inuentors of this knowledge was Chiron Centaure of great renowme, Tonne to Saturne and Phillyre: and others fay that it wasinuentedof Apollo, and others of Efculape his Tonne ; edeeming that To excellent a fcience could neuer proceede but from the gods immortal], and that it was impoffible for man to findeout the nature of plants, if the great worker which is Go,d,had not firfl inftru&ed andtaughtthem.For,as Plinie faith,if any thinke thatthefe things hauebeene inuented by man, he is vngratcfull for the works of God. I he firft that we can learne of amongfi the Greekes thathaue diligently written of hcrbes,haue beeneOrpheus, Mufee and Hefiode, hauing bcene taught by the Egyptians^ then Pythagoras of great renowme for his wiftdome, which did write bookes of the nature of plants,and did acknowledge to learne the fame from Apollo and Efculape. Demo- critealfo did compofe bookes of plants, hauing frit trauellcdouer all Perfia, Arabia, Ethiopia and Egypt. Many other excellent fpirits haue taken great pleafure in this fcience, which to accompliili hauc hazarded their Hues in palling many vnknowen regions, to learne the true knowledge of Elleborus, and other medicaments, of which number were Hippocrates, Crateua, Ariftotle, The op h raft, Diodes, Cariftier,Pam- philiis,Montius,Hierophile, Diofcorides,Galen,Plinie, and many others,which I leaue to name, fearing to be too long. And if 1 may fp^ake without partialitie of the author of this booke,for his great paines, his no lefle expences in trauelling far and neere (for the attaining of his skill) was neuer contented with the knowledge of thofe funnies which grow in theft parts,but vpon his proper coft and charges hath had out ofal parts of the world all the rare fimples which by any meanes he could attaine vnto, notonely to haue them brought, but hath procured by his excellent knowledge to haue them growing in his garden,which as the time of the yeere doth ftrue may be ften: for there (hall you fee all manner of ftrangc trees,herbes,rootes,plants, flowers, and other fuch rare things, that it would make a man woonder, how one of his degree, not hauing the purfe of a number,could euer accompliili the fame. I proteft vpon my confcience,! do notthinke for the kno wledge of plants, that he is inferior to any: for I did once fee him tried with one of the beft ftrangers that euer came into England, and was accounted in Parife Parifc the onely man,being recommended to me by that famous man M. Amb.Pareus, and he being here was defirous to go abroad with Tome of our herbarids,for the which I was the meane to bring them togither 5 and one whole day we fpent therein, fcarching the rnoft rareft fimples: but when it came to the triall,my French man did not know one to his fower. What doth this man deferue that hath taken fo much paines for his coun- trie, in fetting out a booke that to this dayneuerany in what language foeuer did the like ? Firftfor correcting their faults in fo many hundred places being falfly named,mifi taken the one for the other3 and then the pi&ures of a great number of plants now newly cut. If this man had taken this paines inltalie and Germanie where Mathiolus did write,he fhould haue fped as well as he did: For(faith he)I had fo great a defire euer tofinilh my booke, that I neuer regarded any thing inrefpeCt of the publike good, not fo much as to thinke how I fhould finilh fo great a charge, which I had neuer cjefried out, butthatbyGods dirringvp the Emperor Ferdinando of famous memorie, and the excellent Princes had not holpen me with great fiimmes of money,fo that the Com¬ mon wealth may fay, that this bleffing doth rather proceedeof them than from me. There haue beene alfo other Princes of Almaine, which haue beene liberal! in the pre¬ ferring of this booke 3 and the mod excellent Eledor of the Empire the Duke of Saxo- nie, which fent me his podewith much money toward my charges. Theliberalitieof the which, and the magnificence towards me, I cannot commend diffidently. They which followed in their liberalitie were the excellent Frederic ke Count Palatine of the Rhine, and the excellent Ioachim Marques of Brandeberg, which much fuppliedmy wants 5 and the like did the reuerend Cardinall and Prince of Trent, and the excellent Archbifhop of Saltzperg, the excellent Duke of Bauare, and the Duke of Cleues,the Duke Megapolencis Prince of Vandalis,the date Republike of Noremberg 3 the libe¬ ralitie of whom ought to be celebrated for euer: and it doth much reioice me that I had the helpe and reward of Emperors,Kings,Eledors of the Romane Empire, Archdukes, Cardinals,Bifhops, Dukes and Princes 3 for it giueth more credite to our labours than any thing that can be faid. Thus far Mathiolus his owne writing of the liberalitie of Princes towards him. What age do w e liue in here,that will fuffer all vertue to go vnre- warded ? Mader G erard hath taken more paines than euer Mathiolus did in his Com¬ mentaries,and hath corre&ed a number of faults that he paded ouer,and I dare affirme in reuerence be it fpoken of that excellent man,that Mader Gerard doth knowe a great number of fimples that were not knoweninhistime: and yet I doubt whether he fiiall tade of the liberalitie of either Prince,D uke,Earle,Bifhop,or publike edate. Let a man excell neuer fo much in any excellent knowledge, and he is not fo much regarded as a ieder, a boader, a quackialuer or mountebanke : forfuch kindeof men can flatter, diflemble, make of trifles great matters, in praifing of this rare fecret, or that excellent fpirit, or this Elixer or quinteflence 3 which when it fhall come to the triall, nothing lhall be found but boading wordes. Vale. 7*0 the courteous and well'Wiiling EReaders. 4 Lthough my paines haue not been (pent (courteous Reader)in the gracious dif^ouerie of golden mynes, nor in the tracing after bluer vaines, whereby my natiue countrie might beinriched, withfuch marchandize as it hath mod in requeftand admiration : yet hath my l3bour(I rrufq) beer.e other- wife profitablyimployed, in defcryingof fuch harmlelfe treasure of herbes, trees and plants, as the earth frankly without violence offcreth vnto our moil neceffarie vies. Harmeleffel call them,bicaufe they were fuch delights, as man in the perfect eft efiate of his innocencie did earft enioy : and trea- fure I may well termethem, feeing both Kings and Princes haue efteemed them as Iewels; fith wife men haue made their whole life as a pilgriinage,to attaine to the knowledge of them. By the which they haue gained the harts of atL and opened the mouthes of many, in commendation of thoferare vertues, which are contained in theie terreftriall creatures. I confeffe blin dePhito is now adaies more fought after, than qu-icke Sighted Phoebus ,and yet this duftie mettall,or excrement of the earth (which was firft deeply buried,ieaft it Should be an eiefore to greeue the corrupt hart of man) by forcible entrie made into the bowels of the earth, is rather (hatched at of man to his owne deftru&ion, than diredtly fenc of God, to the comfort of this life. And yet behold in the comparing of this worldlie droffe, what care, whatcoft, whataduentures, what myfticall proores, andchymicall trials are fee abroach; when as notwithstanding the chiefeftendisbut vneertaine wealth. Contrarywife, in the expert knowledge of Herbes, what p.leafures ftiil renewed with varietie ? w hat fmall expenfe ? what fecuritie ? and yet what an apt and ordinarie meanes to conduct man tothatmoft defired benefitof health ? Whichas I deuonrly wifii vnto my natiue Countrie, and to the careful! nourfing Mother of the fame; fohauing bent mylabours to the benefiting of fuchasarefludi- oufly pradifed in the conferuation thereof, I thought it a chiefe point of my dutie, thus out of my poore {lore, to offer vp thefe my far fetched experiments, togither with mine owne countries vnknowen treafure, combined in this compendious Herball (not vnprofitable,though vnpolifned) vnto your wife conftrudions and courteous confiderations. The drift whereof is a readieintrodu&ion to that excellent Art of Simpling, which is neither fo bafe nor contemptible, as (perhaps)che English name mayfeemeto intimate; but fuch is it,as altogether hath been a ftudie for the wife ft, an exercife for the nobleft,a paftime for the heft. From vv hence there Spring flowers, not onely to adorne the garlands of the Mufes, to decke the bofoms of the beautiful!, to paint the gardens of the curious, to garnfththe glorious crownes of Kings; but alfo fuch fruit as learned Diofcorides long trauelled for; and princely (JWithridaiesrcfevued as precious in hisowne priuate clofet: dCithridates I meane,better knowen by his foueraigne Mithridate, than by his fometimefpeaking two and twencie languages,But what this famous Prince did by tradition, Ettax King of the Arabians did deliuer in a difeourfe written of the vertues of Herbes, and dedicated Vnto the Emperour Nero. Eueriegreene Herbarift can make mention of the herb zLyfimachia, whofe vertues were found out by King Lyfifyachus, and his vertues no leffe eternized in the felfefame plant chan the name of Phydias, queintly beaten into the Shield of Pallas, or the firft letters of CjrHs,MafyiiiJfa,Semyramii,DiocleJiaK? but onely thus,to befpeake their princely loues to Herbarifme, & their euerlafting honors (which neither old Plmttt dead,nor yongLipfuts lining .will permit to die ? ) Crefcent herba,ere feeds am arts: crefcent herba erefeetis honorssPdxst had this woon- ted facultie wanted theauthorifementof fuch a royal! cqmpanie: one King Salomon , excelling all the reft for wifedomCjOf greater rcyaltie than they ail (though the Lillies of the field outbraued him) he onely (I fay)might yeeld hereunto fufficient countenance and commendation, in that his lofty wifdome thought no fcorne to ftoupe vnto the lowly plants. I liftnotfeeke the common coloursof antiquicie; when not¬ withstanding the world can brag of no more ancient monument than Paradife,and the garden of Eden : and the fruits of the earth may contend for feigniorkie, feeing their mother was the firft creature that concerned,ami they themfe!n’es,tfie firft fruit (lie brought foorth. Talke of perfeft happineffe or pleafure, and what place was fo fit for that, as the garden place where Adam was fet,to be the Herbarift ? Whittier did the Poets hunt for their fyncere delights, but into the gardens of AlcinowfA Adonis ptxid the orchards of IPe[perides ? Where did they di eame that heauen Should be,but in the pleafant garden of Elyfhtm ? Whi¬ ther do all men walke for their honeft recreation but thither, where theearth hath moft beneficially painted hir face with flourishing colours? And what feafon of the ycere more longed for,than the Spring? whofe gentle breth inticeth foorth the kindly fweetes, and makes them yeeld their fragrant imels ? Who would therefore looke dangeroufly vp at Planets, that might fafely loke downe at Plants? And if true be the To the Reader. theolde prouerbe, Qjt& fupra nos, nihil ad nos ; I fuppofe this new faying cannot befalfe, Qm infra nos, ea maximead nos. Eafie therefore is this treafure to be gained, andyetpretious. The fcience is nobly fuppor- ted by wife and kingly fauorites .• the fabied thereof fonecelfarieand deledable, that nothing can be confeded,either delicate for the talk, daintie for Imell.pleafant for fight,wholefome for bodie, conferua- tiue or reftoratiue for health, but it borroweth the relifh of an herbe,rhe fauour of a flower,the colour of a leafe, the iuice of a plant, or the decodion of a roote : and fuch is the treafure that this my treatife is furniihed withal,wherin though mine art be notable to counteruaile nature in hirliuely portraitures; yet hauel counterfeited likeneffe for life, fhapesand lhadowes for fubftance, being readie with the bad pain¬ ter, to explane the imperfedionsof mypenfill with my pen, choofing rather to fcorevpon my pidurcs fuch rude marks, as may deferibe my meaning, than to let the beholder togeffe atrandonandmifle. I haue heere therefore fet downe not onely the names of fundrie plants, but alfo their natures, their pro¬ portions and properties,their 2ffeds and effeds, their increafe and decreafe,their flouriihing and fading, their dillind varieties and feuerall qualities, as well of thofe which our owne countrie yeeldeth, as of otherswhich I haue fetched further, ordrawen out by perilling diuersHerbals, fet foorth in other lan¬ guages, wherein none of our countrie men hath to my knowledge taken any paines, fince that excellent workeof Mailer Dodor Turner: after which time Mailer Lyte a worlhipfull Gentleman, tranflated Do - don&m out of French into Englilh; and fince that Dodo r Prieit, oneof our London Colledge, hath (as I heard) tranflated the laft edition of Dodonatu, which meant to publilh the fame; but being preuented by death, histranflationlikewifeperilhed: laftly, my felfe one of the leaf! among many, haue prefumed to fet foorth vnto the view of the world, the firft fruits of thefe mine owne labours, which if they be fuch as may content the Reader, I Ihall thinke my felfe well rewarded, otherwife there is no man to be blamed but my felfe,being a worke,I confelfe, for greater clerks to vndertake, yet majhny blunt attempt ferue as awhetflone to fet an edge vponfome fliarper wits, bywhome I wilh this my courfc difeourfe might be both fined and refined. Faults I confelfe haueefcaped, fomeby the Printers ouerfighc, fome through defeds in my felfe to performe fo great a worke, and fome by meanes of the greatnelfe of the labour, and that I was conlfrained to feeke after my liuing, being voidc of friends to beare fome part of the burthen. The rather therefore accept this at my hands (louing countriemen) as a token of my goodwill, milling that the bell and well minded will not rallily condemne me,although fome thing haue palfed woorthie reprehenfion. But as for the flanderer or enuious,I palfe not for them,but returne vpon themfelues.any thing they lhall without caufe either murmurein cor¬ nets,or iangle in fecret. Farewell. From my houfein Hol- burne within the fuburbs of London, this firll of December 1 5 9 7 - Thyfine ere and vnfainedfriend, I THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF PLANTS, Containing CjraffesfiuJhes, Come-, Flags^ Hulboje ? orOnion-rootedFlants. TheProeme. V / N this hiftorie of plants it would be tedious to vie byway of introdu¬ ction,any curious difcourle vpon the generall diuifion of plants,contai- ned in Latine vnder i^Arbor,Frutex ,Sicffriitex ,Herba.: or to Ipeake of me differing names of their leuerall parts, more in Latine than our vulgar toongcan well expreffe. Or to go about to teach thee, or rather to be¬ guile thee by the fmellortafte, togefleatthe temperature of plants: when as all and euery of thefein their place fhallhaue their true face and note,whereby thou maift both know and vie them. In three bookes therefore, as in three gardens, all our plants are be- : lowed: lotted as neere as might be,in kindred and neighborhood. The firft booke hath Grafles,Rufhes, Corne,Flags,Bulbofe,or Onion-rooted plants. The fecond,all lorts of lierbes for meate, medicine, or fweete fmelling vie. The third hath trees ,fhrubs,bufhes, fruit-bearing pIants,Rofins,Gums,Rofes,Heath x *Mofles, Mufhroms,Corall,and their feuerall kindes. ■ 1 Each booke hath chapters, as for each herbe a bed: and euery plant prelents thee with the La- tineand Englifh name in the title. Then followes the kindes, delcription, place,time,names, nature, and vertues, agreeing with the beft recciued opinions. Laft of all thou haft a generall Index as well in Latine as Engliih, with a carefull fupply like wile of an Indicts bilingnis of barbarous names. And thus hauing giuen thee a generall view of this garden,now with our friendly labors we will accompanie thee,and lead thee through a grafle plot, little or nothing of many Herbariftsheerto- fore touched: and begin with the moft common, or beft knowen Grade, which is called in Latine, Gramenpratenfe. Then by little and little conduct thee through moft plealant gardens, and other delightful! places,where any herbe or plant may be found,fit for meate or medicine. OfzCMedowgrajJe. Chap . i. ft "The kindes. Here be fundry and infinite kinds of grafles not mentioned by the ancients, either as vn- necelfarie to be fet downe,or vnknowen to them : onely they make mention of lomefew, whofe wants we meane to fupplie, in ftich as haue come to our knowledge, referring the reft to the curious fearcher oflimples. ft The defeription. Ommon Medow grafle hath very finall tufts of rootes, withthicke hairie" threds depending vpon the higheftturfe, matting and creeping on the ground with a moftthicke and apparent fhewof wheaten Ieaues, lifting vp long, thin, iointed ahd lightftalks, afooteor a cubite high, growing fmalland fharpe at the top, with an eare which isloole and hanging downward, like the tuft or top of the common Reede called Fa/latona. 2 Small Medow grafle differeth from the former in varietie of the loile : for as the firft kinde groweth in medowes,fo doth this Small grafle clothe the hillie and more drie grounds vntilled, and A i barren 2 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE barren by nature : a grademorefit for fheepe, than for greater cattell. And bicaufe the kindesof grade do differ apparandy in roote, tuft, ftaffe, leafe, lheath, eare or creft, we may afliire our fellies of their feuerallvertues, formed by the Creator for the vfe of man, although that they hauebeen by a common negligence hidden and vnknowen. And therefore in this our labor, we haue placed each of them in their feuerall bed, where the diligent fearcher of nature may, if fo he pleafe, place his learned obferuations. i Gramenpratenfe. 2 Gramen pratenfeminm. Medow grade. Small medow grade. •k The place. Common Medow grade growcth of it felfe,vnfet or vnfbwen,euery whereibut the Small Medow grade for the mod part groweth vpon drie and barren grounds, as partly we haue touched in the defcription. k The time. Concerning the time, when grade fpringeth and feedeth, I fuppofe there is none lb fimple but knoweth it,and that itcontinueth all the whole yeere, feeding in lune and Inly. Neither needeth it any propagation or replanting by feede or otherwife, nonotfbmuch as the waterie grades: but that they recouer themfelucs againe, although they haue been drowned in water all the winter long,as may appeere in the wildefennes inLincolnfhire,and fuch like places. k The names. Grade is called in Grceke k, of the Latines Gramen^ as it is thought agradiendo^ quodgeni~ culatis internodtjs ferpat crchrocp nouas Jpargatradices : foritgroweth, gdeth and fprcadeth itlelfe vnfet orvnlowen naturally oner all fields or grounds, clothing them with a perfect greene. It is yeerely mowed, in fome places twife, and in fbme rare places thrife: then is it dried and withered by the heate of the funne, with often turning it. And now it is called Fcemm^nefcio an afcenore aut fcetu. In Englifh Hay: in French Le herbe dupraiz,. 'k The nature. file rootes and feedes of grade are of more vfe in phidcke than the herbe, and are accounted of all HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 The decodlion of grafle with the rootesof parfley drunke, helpath the diflurieandprouoketh A vrine. The rootes of grafle, according to Galen 3 doe glevv and confolidate togithernewand bleeding B wounds. , Theiuiceof grafle mixed with honie and the powder of Sothernwood taken in drinke, killeth G wormes in children, but if the childe be yoong, or tender of nature, it fhall fuffice to mixe the iuice of grafle and the gall of an oxe or bull togither, and therewith annoint the childes bellie,andlay a clout wet therein vpon the nauell. Fernelms faith, that grafle doth helpe the obflrudlions of the liner, raines and kidneies, and all D cuillaffedlions of the raines called Nephritis. Hay fodden in water till it be tender, and applied hot to the chaps of beafls that be chap-fallen E through long Handing in pound,or liable without meate,is a prefent remedie. Of%ed Dwarfe graffe. Chap.z. i Gramm minimum ruhrwn. Red Dwarfe grafTe. 2 Grumen minimum album. White Dwarfe grafle. # The dejeription. 1 TA VV arfe grafle is the leaft ofall grafles. The roote is very fmall,hairie,and white,with many hollow ilrings : the tuft or eare is of a reddifh colour, and not much differing from the grafle called Ifchamon, though the eare be fofter,broader,and more beautifull. 2 The fecondkinde of Dwarfe grafle differeth nor from the former, but that both rootes and flowersof this are white,and theleaues fomewhat hairie aboue,andreddifh next the ground. 3 Small hard grafle hath fmall rootes compact of little firings orthreds, from the which come foorthmany lower, rufhie ieaues of the length of an inch and a halfe: the tuft or eare is compadt of feales, beingasitwere nothing elfe than chaffe, This grafle is vnpleafant, and no wholefome • foodcforcattell. . 4 Rufh grafle hath many final! rufhie Ieaues,tough and pliant,as are the common Rufshes : wher- vpon do grow fmall fcalie or chaffle husks,in lleed of flowers,like thofe of Rufhes,but fmaller. The roote is threddie like the farmer. A 2 3 Grmen 4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 3 Gramen minus duriufcuhm. Small hard grade. 4 Gramen lunceum. Rufh grade. k The place. The Dwarfe grade doth grow on heathie, rough and drie barren grounds in moft places of Eng¬ land. The white Dwarfe grade is not fo common as the former,and doth grow very plentifully among the hop gardens in Edex and many other places. Small hard grade groweth in moift frefn marfhes and fuch like places. Rufh grade groweth in fait marfhes neere vnto the (ea, where the marfhes haue been ouerflowen with fait water. k The time. Thefe kindes of grades do grow,flower,and flourifh,when the common Medow grade doth. k The names. It fufficeth whathath been faid of the names in the defeription, as well in Englifh as Latin 3 onely that fome haue deemed white Dwarfe grade, to be called Xerampelimm. Rufh grade hath been taken for HoloBewn Matthioli. , k The natureandvertues. Thefe kindes of grades do agree as it is thought, with the common Medow grade,in nature and vertues, notwithftanding they haue not been vfed in phificke as yetthat I can reade of. OfCorne grajfe. Chap. 3 . ; - ' . k The defeription. 1 Orne grade hath many gradie leaues, refembling thofe of Rie,or rather Otes, amongthe f . which commethvp Render bentie ftalks, kneed or iointed like thofe of corne, whereupon doth grow a faire tuft or pannicle, not much vnlike to the feather-like tuft of common Reedc,but rounder compact togither like vnto Millet. Theroote is threddie like thofe of Otes. 2 Reede grade hath many thin gradie leaues,like vnto the former. The bufhie top, with his long feather-like pannicles do referable the common Reede, which is lightly fnaken with the winde: branched vponalong deader reedenftalke, kneed or iointed like corne. Theroote isfmalland. fibrous. 1 Gramen 5 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I Grammfeget ale. Come grafle. 2 Gramen harundinaceum. Reede gr&de. it the place. Thefe kindes of grades do growe for the moftpart neere vnto hedges,and in fallow fields in mod places. • • if the time. Their time offpringing,flowring and fading,may be referred to the common Medow grade. it the names. The drd is called in Englifh Corne grade. Of Lobelias \\\ his learned obferiiations ^Agrorum '■venti Jpica, and Gramen agrorum : of others Gramen fegetale , either of the Iikenes it hath with corne, or that it groweth amongcorne,the which I haue not as yet leene. The fecond is called in Englifh Reede grade. Of Lobelim'm. Latine Gramen harundinaceum > or Gramen agrorum , latiore arundinacea & comofa pannicula , for that his tuft or pannicles do reiemble the Reede. And Spica venti agrorim: for by reafon of his feather top,which is eafily fhaken with the winde. if the temperature and vert ues. Thefe grades are thought to agree with common grade, as well in temperature^s vermes, al¬ though not vied in phidcke,as yet knovven. Of zPvfilletgraJfe. Chap.^. if the description. 1 TV /f" beareth a tuft or eare like vnto the common Reede, although not fb great and 1_VJ[ thicke,but rather like to (Jl'filium } MiU or Millet whereof ittooke his name. Theftalkeor leaues do reiemble the Benr,wherewith countrie people do trim their houfes. 2 The great Water grade in roote,leafe,tuft and reeden ftalke ,doth very wel reiemble the grade called in Latine Gramen fulcatum,ox Piclum .* and by our Englifh women,Ladies Laces, bicaufe it is dript or furrowed with white and greene drakes, like dike laces : but yet differeth from that, that A 3 this (5 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE this Water grade doth get vnto it felfe Tome new rootcs, from the middle of the ftalks and iomts, which the other doth not. i Gramen Miliaceum. Millet grade. 2 Gramen maim aquaticwn. Great Water grade. & The place Jimc y names ^nature and vertues. They grow in fennie and waterie places, at the fame time that other grades do: and haue their vertues and natures common with other grades, for any thing that we canfindein writing. The reafon of their names may be gathered out of the defeription. OfDarnellgraffe. # The ctefcripticn. 1 T""X Arnell grade or Sorghinum , as Lcbelius hath very properly fetdowne, hath a brownifh I I dalke,thickeandknottie, fetwith long fharpe leaucs like vnto the commonReede: at the top whereof groweth a tuft or care, of a browne colour, fomewhat like Sorghum, whereofit tooke his name,as alfb of the Italian come Pannicke,it is called Panniculatum. 2 W' ilde Reede or Gramen harundinaceum, or Panniculatum , called alfo CalamogroHiSj is far leder than Couch grade,or Dogs grade; & yet in ftalks and leaues more rough,rugged and cutting. Bad foode for cattell,vnlede they want,or be very hungrie: bicaufe that, as the husbandman doth fay,it is a caufe of leannes in them, third, and confumption, cutteth their toong, draiteneth the gullet or throtc, and draweth downe blood into the domacke or mawe: whereof infueth inflammation, and death for the mod part. And not onely this CalamogroHis is hurtfull,but alfo all other kindes offhea- ring leaned reedes, flags, fedge, or whinne, which haue as it were edges, and cut on both fldes like kniucs as well mens fingers as cattcls mouthes.This herbe is in a meane betweene reede and grade. The roote is white, creeping downward very deepe, Thefpikeor eare is like vnto the reede, being foft and cottonie,fomewhat relembling Pannicke. I Gramen HI S;T O R I E OF PLANTS. 7 I Gramen Sorghintpn. * Gramen harundtnaeetm^Atmicttlatien. Darnell grade. Wilde Reede. The place. They grow infennie waterifh places like vntorhe former. .. tfr The time. They flower and fade at the fame time that the others do. *k The names. In Lincolnefhire,it is called Sheeregrafle or Henne: in other places of the land, Wilde Reede: ih Latine CalxmogroJlit , out of theGreeke, x«*«fu>p£sif. As for their natures and vertues, we do not findc any great vfe of them worth the fetting downe. Of c F-annickegraJJe. Chap. 6. vV The description. ‘ ’ ' ,77 ' j ' 7 - ■ ■ .. . 1 T\ Annicke grade is garnifhed with chaffie and downie tufts, fet vpon a long bentie flalke, of I ^ two cubits high or fomewhat more, naked without any blades or leaucs,for the mod parr. His roote is tough and hard. 2 Wood grade hath many thicke and threadie roctes, compact togither in maner of a tuft, from which fpring immediately out of the ground many graffieleaues, among the which are fundrie bentie ftalks, naked and without leaues or blades like the former, bearing at-the top a fpikie tuft or eare,much like vnto a Foxe taile,of a brownifh colour. A 4 I Gramen 8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE i Grumen Tannkulatnm. 2, GramenfylMticum. Pannicke grade. Wood grade. _ # Thep lace and time. Thefe kindes of grades do growe in fertill fields and paftures,at the fame time that others do. & The names. Gramenpannkulatum is called HeragroBis in Greeke,and of Lohelm in Latin Gramen Tomentofum & Acerofum. Some baue taken it for the fecondkinde of CalamogroJUs : but mod commonly it is called Gramenplumcfim ; and in Englifh a Bent, or Feather-top grade. Gramen fyluaticum, or as it pleafeth others fir Amen nemorofumys called in our toong Wood graffe,or Shadow grade. The nature and vertues. There is no vertue afcribed vnto thefe grades, for the vfe of phificke, but they are reckoned vn- profitable,both for man and bead. Ofgreat FoxcAaile grajfe . Chap . 7. •re The dejeription. 1 He great Foxc-taile grade hath many threddie rootes like the common Medow grade. I And the dalke rifeth immediately from the roote, in fafhion like vnto Barley, with two or three leaues or blades like Ores: but is nothing rough in handling like the precedent, but foft and downie, and fomewhat hoarie, bearing one eare or tuft on the top and neuer more: fafhio- ned like vnto a foxe taile,whereof it tooke his name. At the approch of winter it dieth, and recoue- reth itlelfe the next yeere by falling of hisfeede. The lefler Foxe-taile grade, hath a tough and hard roote, compadl of many frnall Brings, yeel- ding a ftrawie ftalke like the former, though fomewhat lefler, with the like top or creff, but of a whitifh colour. 1 Gramen HI S T O R I E I Gramen Alopecurcldesmaiut. Great Foxe-taile graffe. OF PLANTS. 2 Gramcn Aloptcuroides minus. Small Foxe-taile graffe. 3 Gy Amen Alopccurinum maim. G teat baftard Foxe-taile graffe. 4 Gramen Alopecurinwn ml nut. Small baftard Foxe-taile graffe. 2 0 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE k The description. 3 Reat baftard Foxe-taile grafte hath a ftrawie ftalke or ftem, which ditiideth it lelfe 1 within 1 -j the ground into fhootes or fuckers,the which do roote againe vpon the vpper cruft of the earth. His leafe is fmall and graft! e,and hath on his top one tuft or lpike,or eare of a hard thafne fiibftance, 4 Small baftard Foxe-taile grafte doth relemble the former, failing that this kinde doth not call: foorth fuch barren fhootcs as £hefonner,and thole which he doth caft out,doth bearea tuft for the moft part , but Imalier than the other,and not lodole packed togither. k Theplace ml time. Thefe wilde baftard Foxe-taile graftes do growinthemoift furrowes of fertill fields, at the lame time that others do. The names. They are fo called bicaule their tops are like vnto a Foxe taile. k The nature and vertues . They are as vnprolitable for our vfe,as the former. 0 [great Cats-taile grajfe. Qhaig.%. i Gramen Typhinum mains. Great Cats-taile grafte. 2 Gramen Typhimm minus. Small Cats-taile grafte. 'k The description. 1 Cats-taile grafte hath very Imall rootes, compact of many (mail firings or threds, which may eafiiy be taken from the whole roote. I he ftalke rdeth vp in the middeffand is lorn what like vnto wilde barly,kneed andiointed like corne,of a foote hiejh or thereabout : and is not much vnlike vnto Gramen exile durws. 2 I he imall Cats-taxle grafte is like vnto the other, differing chiefly in that it is lefler than it. The roote HIST OR IH OF PLANTS. u rooteisthicke, and cloned like rufh onions or dues, with many finall firings, orhairie threds an¬ nexed vnto it. ^ Theplace and time. Thefe kindes of gra fifes do grow very well neere the lea fide, as Gramen Cyperoides doth, and flou- rifh at the lame time that all others do. k The names. The Latins borrow thefe names of theGreekes, and czWit Gramen Typhinmn, of TyphazCats taile: and it may in Englifh as well be called round Bent grafle ,as Cats-taile grafle. k The nature and vertues. There is nothing written of them in phificke worth the letting do^vne. Offyperw grajfe. fbap.y. I Gramen Cyperoides. Cyperus Grafle. 2 Gramen Iuncetm aquaticum. Rufhie Water graffe. k The defer ip tion. 1 Yperus grafife hath rootes fomewhat like Cyperus whereofit tooke his name. His leaues j are long and large like vnto the commonreede. Theftalkegrowethvp to the height of a r ru- cubite, or more in fome places: vpon which do growe little fcalie knobs oreares, fpike fafhion, fomewhat like vnto Cats taile ,or reede mace,very chaflie,rough and rugged: differing but little, failing that it beareth but one fpike vpon one ftalke and no more, and this many. 2 Rufhie Water grafife hath his rootes like the former, with many fibres or firings hanging at them; and creepcth along vpon the vppermoft face of the earth, or rather mud wherein it grow- cthjbearing at each ioint one Render benty ftalke,fet with a few fmall graffie blades or leaues : brin¬ ging foorth at the top in little hoods,fmall feather-like tufts or eares. k The 12 THE FIRST EOOKE OF THE i-: The place and time. They growe as I hauc infinuated 3 in mirie and muddie grounds, in the lame feafon that others do. ie The names. Their names I haue likewife touched,and are manifeft of themfelues. The nature and vertues. The ancients haue written nothing of their nature and vie, but leaue them vnprofitabic for the vie of man and beaft. OfWiter grajfe. Chap. io. i Gramen aquaticum. 2 GramenaquaticimJpicatim. Water grafle. Spiked Water gralfe. ieThe defeription. ^ ~\1\T ^ tei " § rai ^ or as we ma y terme h. Water burre grade, hath leaues much like vnto the y y common Medow grade,but fomwhat broader. Among which rifeth vp a ftalke of two foote high, bearing vpon his fmall and tender branches certaine little rough knobs or heads, like vnto the (rnall burre,tnough much lefler.His roote is (mall and threddie. 2 Spiked Water grade in his leaues refembleth the former. The ftalke is finall, Angle and naked without leaues or blades: bearing alongft the fame toward the top 3 fpikefafhion, an eare or fpike not vnlike vnto Darnell: ana is made of certaine fmall chaffie buttons, refembling the buttonie flowers of Sea wormwood. His roote is thicke and tough,full of fibres or threds. *k The place and time, 1 ney differ not from the former kindes of grade's in place and time:and their names are manifeft. +e The nature and, vertues, Xneir nature and vertues arc referred vnto Dogs grade,whereof we will ipeake heerafter. Of HISTORIE OF PLANTS, IS Of Flote grajfe. Qbap. ii. I Graven fltmiatile. Flote grade. 2 GramcnflimiatileJbicatwn. Spiked Flote grade. The defer iption. 1 T'' Lotc grade hath, a long and round roote, fomewhat thicke like vnto Dogs grade, fee on J~^ eueryiointwithfmallflringsorthreds: from the which rifeth vplongand crodkedftalks 3 crofting, winding and folding one within another, with many flaggie leaues, which horfes eate greedily of. At the top of thefe ftalks and fomewhat lower,there do thrudfoorthmany tufts or taflels,ofan ouerworne reddifh colour. 2 Spike Flote grade, or fpiked Flote grade, beareth at the top of each dender dalke, one fpiked care and no more, and the other many, which maketh a difference betweene them, otherwife they are like one the other.His roote is compact and tufted,and made of many thrummie threds. # Theplace and time. The place and time in which they growe,differeth not from the other Water grades. ie The Karnes. The firft is called Gramenflaniattle^xvd. alfb Gramen ac\uis inr.atans: in Hnglidi Flote grade. The fecond is called Gramen flmUtile fpicatwn : likewife Flote grade and Flotcr grade, bi they fwim and flote in the water. 'Se The nature and vertues. Their natures and vertues are as vnprofitable as the reft. life Of Ifneedgrajfe. Chap . 1 The description. i I/" Need grade hath ftraight and vprightdrawie (talks, with ioints like to theflraweof corne, ^ and beareth fmall graltie leaues or blades/piked at the top like vnto Lijmachia.flore Ceruleo, or *4 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE or lone drife(as wc tcrme it,)ofa darke browne colour. His roote is hairie or threddie. 2 Water kneed grade hath many long and (lender ftemmes, iointed with many knobbie and gowtie knees, like vnto reede fct with brode flaggie leaueslbmewhat fharpe pointed: bearing at the top a tuft or pannicle,diuided into fundrie (mall branches of a duskifh colour. His roote is threddie like the other. I Gramen genicidattm. Kneed grade. 2 Gramen genicuhtum aquaticim* Water Kneed grade. . n r . # The place and time. icic gra es do grow in fertill moift medowes: not differing in time from others. t • r ii I,- r • , t . . ^ The names. us oca e 3 bicau(e it hath ioints like as it were knees,and therefore termed Geniculatm}a\ztd, The nature andvertues. W e haue nothing deliuered vs by the ancients of their nature and properties. Of Beardedgrage. Cbap.v y t: j j mi,, , ^ The description. niffSnr^Thtft b il°f and ^ lea " es hle Barly ’ fomewh athoarie, or of an ouervvornc out order . Jon f b ftT ° ne ° r tVVO '° intS at thc mbfl > d man y cares on the top.with- LSI i Gramen HISTORIE OF PLANTS. I G rumen Panictum. Bearded grade. 2 Gramen Paniceimparuum. Small Pannicke grafle. k The place and time. The fhft ofthefe two doth grow neere vnto mud wals, or fuch like places not manured, yet fertil! orfruitfull. V* The ieCond in (hallow waterie plafhes ofpaftures,and at the faidtime with others. k The names. It is called Pannicke,bicaufe it is like the Italian corne called Pannicke. k The nature and verities. They are vnprofitable for phiftcke, and therefore there is nothing left vs of their vertues and nature. OfHedgehoggraffe . Qhap. 14.. k The dejcription. 1 TT Pdgehog grafle hath broade, long and ftiffe flaggie Ieaues, with diuers ftalks proceeding J[ from a thicke fpreading roote.And at the top ofeuerie ftalke groweth certaine round and pricking knobs/afhioned like an Hedgehog. 2 The fecond, which is hairie grafle, is as rough and hairie as a goate. His rootes do fpread and creepe vnder the mud and mire as Cyperus doth: and at the top of the ftalks are certaine pricking knobs or burrcs. I Gramen 16 THE FIRST EOOKE OF THE t CrmentaluBreEchimtim. 2 Grrnen exile Hirfiam, Hedgehog grade. Hairie grade. 'h The place a/id time. They grow in watery ditches,as you may fee in going from Paris garden bridge to Saint Georges fields, and fuch like places: where alfo are Tome of the grades which we haue been already defcri- bed,to be feenc. •j $ The names. • The firft is called Hedgehog grade,and in Latine Grtmen Echimtum } by reafbn of thole prickles which are like vnto a Hedgehog. •, The fecond Hairie gra ftk^Gramen exile Hirfutum Cyperoides 3 bicaufe it is fmall & little, and rough or hairie like a goate: and Cyperoides 3 bicaufe-his rootes do fpread and creepe like the Cyperus. # The nature and verities. Their natures and vertues are frutelefle as many of the others are, and therefore nothing is delT uered vs of them by our writers. OfHairie JVood grajfe. Qhap .15. & The deferhtiew. 1 T_T Airie Wood grade hath rough leaues, fomewhat like the precedent, but the leaues of Jr "1 this are longer, and proceede from a threddie roote, which is very thicke and full of ftrings,as the common grade doth: with fmall ftalks riling vp from the fame rootes: but the top ofthefe ftalks are diuided into a number of little branches. And on the end of euerie one of them ftandeth a little flower or huske like the top of Allium Vrfinumfit common Ramfons,wherein the feede is contained when the flower is fallen. 2 Cyperus Wood grade hath many fheary graflie leaues,proceeding from a roote made ofmany hairie firings or threds: among which there rifeth vp fundrie ftraight and vprighr ftalks, on whole tops HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 3 7 tops are certaine fcalie and chaffie husks, or rather fpikie eares, not much vnlike the catkins or ra gs , which grow on nut trees and AlJer trees. I Grmenhirfutumnemoroftm . Hairie Wood grafle. 2 G ramen Cyperinum nemorojwn. Cyprefle Wood grafle. it The place and, time . Thefetwokindesdogrow in woods for the moft part, orfhadowie places: andmayinEnglifli be called the Hairie Woo d grafle. The time is common with the reft. it The names. It is plaine that they are termed by that name, bicaufe they grow in woods or ihades, as we haue faid. it The natures and vertues. There is nothing to be faid of their natures and vertues. Of Sea Spikegrajfe. fbap.16. i: The deftriptten. 1 Pike Sea grafle hath many (mail leaues about fixe inches long,riling from a bufhie threddy roote, which are very hard andfharpe in handling, as for the moft part all Sea grafles are. Amongthele leaues there do fpringvp many fmallrufhie ftalks : alongftwhichare diuers (mall flowring fharpe husks,lomewhat refembling the eare ofLauander. 2 Salt Marlh Spike grafle hath a wooddie tough thicke roote, vvithlome finall hairie threds fa¬ ttened thereunto: out of which do arife hard and rough leaues like the former, but Ibme what broa¬ der : and among them {lender naked rulhieftalks, which haue on both Tides limall knobs or buttons hangingon them. B x 1 Gy amen I I I 18 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 2 Grmen MartnumJpicattm alterum. SaltMarfli Spike grafle. i Gramen GMarinum•Jpicatum. Sea Spike grafle. 3 Grumen Iunceum Marinum Rufliie Sea grafle. • Gramen Iunceum mar it mum* MarfliRufh grafle. 3 The HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 19 3 The third hath many rufhie leaues,tough and hard, of a browne colour 3 wellrefembIing riifhes: hisrooteis compa&of manyfmall tough and long firings. His flalke is bare and naked of leaues vnto the top,on which it hath many fmall, pretie and chaffie buttons. 4 The fourth is like the third 3 fauing that it is fmallenthe flalke alfo fmall aud naked 3 and at the top filch huskes as are in rufhes. 5 Grumen palustre Cyperoidcs. Great Cyprefle graffe. 6 Gramen Cyperoidespar mm. Small Cyprefle graffe. •frThe dejcription. 5 Great Cyprefle graffe hath diners long flalks proceeding from a roote compad of many long and tough firings orthreds. The leaues are long and broad, like vnto the Sedge called Car ex or Sparganium. The fpike or eare of it is like the head of Plantaine 3 and very prickly. 6 Small Cypreffe grafle is like vnto the other in roote and leaues 3 fauing that it is fmaller. His flalke is finooth and plaine 3 bearing at the top certaine tufts or pannicles 3 like naked eares of wilde barly. # The dejcription. 7 The firfl of thefe two kindes hath many crooked and crambling rootes 3 ofa wooddie fubflance, very like vnto the right Cyperus 3 differing from it onelyinfmell 3 bicaufe the right Cyperus rootes bane a fragrant ffnelfand thefe none at all. His leaues are long and broad 3 rough 3 fharpe or cutting at the edges like Couch grafle. His flalke is long, big and fquare, like vnto a reede, and on his top a chaffie vmbell or tuft like vnto the true Cyperus. , 8 The fecond kind hath very many broad,rough,and ftaggie leaues 3 like vnto the former Cyperus graffe,but yet broader and fhorter,fomewhat like the grafle called Painted grafTc,or Ladies laces 3 as we terme it. His flalke is great and large like vnto Recde 3 bearing at the top an eare like a fpike,of a hard and chaffie fubllance.His roote is long,and hath many threddie firings in it. B 2 7 Gramen 20 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE 7 Gramen aquatic um Cyperoides 'vulgatim* Water Cyprefle grafle. 8 Gramen Cyperoidesfyicatum. Spike Cyprefle grafle. $ Grumen fylmticum minus . Small Wood grafle. io Gramen hmceumfyluaticim* WoodRufhie grafle. 21 HISTcPRIE OF PLANTS. iT \ defirtytio*. . :; 3 -., 9 The firfl of thcfc grades is a fmall barren grade; and hath many narrow thin gradie leaues: out of which (pang fmall ftalks,as in fyledoyv graffe,-bearing on the top final} feather-like chaffie , eares. His roote is long and threddie. ' . -ji >7fbp ' • n : e. 'jd 10 The fecond hath long tough and hairie firings, growing deep? jntffe earthlike a turfe, which make the roote: from which rile many crooked, tough and rufhie ftalks, hauingtoward the top fcalie and chaffie knobs or buttons.- 5 j 3C II GyamenhttrundiriA-ccwMwhites, 12 GyamewhArupAitt&ccusnminus* Great Reede grade. Small Reedyg^alTe. *k The dejcripion. 11 The firft hath many faire and vpright wheaten ftalks, riling from a thicke knobbie and tough roote, iointed and kneed like vnto Wheate. His leaues are very well like the common Reede, hauing at the top a feather-like eare, fpikeor knopof a chaffie fiibftance, like vnto the common Reede whereofit tooke his name. . .. % 12 The lecond kinde doth not differ from the precedent,failing that this is fmaller than it. ^ The place,time,namesmatures andvertues. All the grades which we haue defcribed in this chapter, do growe in marifli and waterie places neere to the lea, or other fenny grounds, or by muddie and mirie ditches, at the fame time that the others do growe and flourifh.Their names are eafily gathered of the places they grow in,or by their deferiptions :and are of no vertue nor propertiefor medicine,or neceffarievfeas yetknowen. Of Couch grajfe or "Dogsgrajfe . Chap.ij. & The defeription. T He common or bed knowen Dogs grade or Couch grade, hath long leaues like vnto the fmall Reede,fharpe at the point, cutting like a knife at the edges. The ftalke is a cubit and ahalfelong, withiointsor knees like wheaten draw : the plume or tuft is like the Reede, ,* B 3 ‘ but THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE but (mailer and more chaffie : it creepeth in the ground hither and thither with long white rootes, jointed at certaine diftances, andhaue a pleafant fweete tafte, platted or wrapped one within ano¬ ther very intricately, info much as whereithappenethin gardens among pot herbs, great labour nwft be taken before it can be deftroied. 2 Knottie Dogs grafie is like vnto the former in ftalke and leafe.The tuft or eare is long and chaf¬ fie, of a browne colour. The roote is like vnto Saffron, knobbie or knottie, for the moft part one foe vpon another,Iike the rootes or bulbs of Gladiolus It dicta pi Italian corne flag. I Gramen Caninum. 2 Gramen Caninum nodojim. Couch grafie or Dogs grafie. Knottie Dogs grafie. *k The place. 1 The firft groweth in gardens and arable grounds, as aninfirmitie and plague of the fields, no¬ thing pleafing to the husbandmen; for after that the field is plowed,they are conftrained to gather the rootes togither with harrowes and rakes: and being fo gathered and laid vpon heapes, they for them on fire,leaft they fhould growe againe. 2 Tne focond groweth in plowed fields and fuch like places, but not euery where as the other: I hauc found ofthele in great pien tie both growing,and plucked vp with harrowes,as before is reher- fod, in the fields next to Saint lames wall as ye go to Chelfey, and in the fields as ye go from the tower hill of London to Radcliffe. & The time. The time anfwereththc time of the other grafles. ie The names. It is called Caninum or Sanguinale , and Vmola. The countrie men of Brabant do name it % others LciJt 8$f0+ Of the Grecians : of the Latins by the common name Gramen. It is of fome namedin Englifh Couch grafle,Quitch grafie,and Dogs grafie. Gramen Caninum bulbofum or nodofum t \s called in Englifh Knobbie or Knottie Couch grafie. # The *3 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. :£■ The nature. The nature of Couch grafle, efpecially the rootes agreeth with the nature of common grade: al¬ though that Couch grafle bean vnwelcome gueft to fields and gardens, yet his phificke vermes do recompence thofe hurts: for it openeth thedoppings ofthe liner and raines,without any mani- fed heate. The learned Phifitionsof the College and locietie of London, do holde this Bulbus Couch grafle in temperature,agreeing with the common Co uch grafle,but in vermes more effe&uall. # Thevertues. Couch grafle healeth greene wounds. The deco&ion of the roote is good for the kidneies and A bladder: it prouoketh vrine gently, and driuethfoorth grauell. Diofcorides and Galen do agree,that the roote damped and laid vpon greene wounds doth heale themfpeedily. The deco&ion thereof lerueth againd griping paines of the bellie, and difficultie of making B water. Marcellas an old author maketh mention in his 2d.chapter, that feuen and twenty knots of this C Gramcnnodojumboiled in wine till halfe beconlumed, prefled foorth, drained and giuen to drinke to him that is troubled with thedrangurie, hath fo great vertue, thatafter the patient hath once begun to make water without paine, it may not be giuen with wine any more, but with water onely. By which words it appeereth, that this knotted grafle was taken for that which is properly called Gramcn or ■ &*■< He Sea Dogs grade is very likevnto the other before named : hisleaues are long and {lender, and very thicke compaft togither, fet vpon a knottie ftalke, {piked at the top like the former: alfothe roote crambleth and creepeth hither and thither vnder the earth, occupying much ground,by reafon of his great increafe of rootes. 2 The fecond Sea Dogs grade is according vnto VObeli fomwhat like the former: his rootes are more fpreading and longer, difperfing themlelues vnder the ground further than any of the reft. The leaues are like the former,thicke bufhed at the top,with a clufter or bufh of fhort thicke leaues one folded within another.The ftalke and tuft is of a middle kinde betweene ifchxmon and the com¬ mon Couch grafte. •fy The plac e ,time ,n ames,nature and vert ties. They grow on the fea fhore,at the fame time that others do. And are fo called bicaufe they grovr necre the fea fide.Their nature and vertues are to be referred vnto Dogs grade. Of upright Dogsgrajje. Chap jp. I G rumen Caninumflip?mm. Vprig^t Dogs grade. 2 Gramen Striatum, Ladle Lace grade. The defeription. 1 \ T P f ight Dogs grade or Qnich grade, byreafon of his long fpreading iointed rootes, is like y vnto the former, and hath at euery knot in the roote fundry firings of hairie fubftance, {hooting into the ground at euery iointas it fpreadeth, thrufting or bearing vpright his bent or ftalke,with a fpokie pannicle, fomwhat thicker and greater than the common Couch ^raffc. By which notes of difference,it may be eafily difeerned from the other kindes of Dogs graded 2 Ladies Laces hath leaues like vnto Miller infafhion, rough and fharpe pointed like the Reede Fdilatorta, with many white vaines or ribs, and filuer drakes running along through the middeftof the leaues, fafhioning the fame like to laces of white and greenefilke, very beautifull andfaireto behold j HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 25 behold; it groweth to the height of wilde Pannicke. Therootcis finall andhairie 5 and white of co- lour like the Medow grafle 5 hauing a faire bufh or creft at the top,like the common Recde, ft The place. 1 Vpright Dogs grafle groweth in well dunged grounds and fertill fields. 2 Ladies Laces groweth naturally in the wooddy and hilly places of Sauoy, and anfwereth com¬ mon grafle in his time of feeding. It is kept and maintained in our Englifh gardens, rather for pleafure than for vertue as yet knowen. ft The names. UObeliusc alleth it Sulcatum and Gramen flriatum^ or Gramen piffum : inEnglifhthe Furrowed graffe,the White Chameleon grafle 5 orftraked grafle: andvfually of our Englifh women it is called Ladies Laces,or Painted grafle. In French Aiguillettes d'armes. ft The nature and vertues. The Ycrtues arc referred to the Dogs grafles. OfDewgraJfe. Qbap.zo. 1 Gramen CManna efculentum. Dew grafle. 2 ifch&mon vulgare. Cocks-foote grafle. ft I he dejeription. 1 T"''V Lw grafle hath very hard and tough rootes 5 long and fibrouSjthe ftaHcs are grear,of fower J, y or fiue cubits high, very rough and haine,iointed and kneed like the cotnrpon Reede: the leaues are large and broad, like vnto Corne. The tuft or eareis druided into furidrv bran- c hcs 5 chafficandof a purple colour, wherein is contained feede kVzCfrHlzum, wherewith the Ger- mvui 1°make pottage and Inch likemeate, as wq in England do wi.th Otemeale, and is fentinto Middleborrough, and other townes of the Lowe countries in great quantitie, for the fame purpofe, as L'Obelius hath told me. 53 " ' 1 r z The 26 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE z The fecond kinde of Dew grafle or Ifch“ 1 " His ftrange Cotton grafle, which UObelius hath comprehended vnder the kindes of I Ruflies, notwithftandingthat it may pafle with the rufhes,yet I finde in mine owne expe¬ rience, that it doth rather refemblc grafle thanrufhes, and may indifferently be taken for either; for that it doth participate of both. The ftalke is fmallandrufhie, garnifhed with many graflie leaues alongft the fame, bearing at the top a bufh or tuft of moft pleafant downe or cotton, like vnto the moft fine and foft white filke. The roote is very tough,fmall and threddie. 2 This Water Gladiole or graflie Rufh,of all others is the faireft and moft pleafant to behoId,and lerueth very well for the decking and trimming vp of houfes, bicaufeof thebeautie andbrauerie thereof: confiftingof fiindry fin all flowers, compact of iixe finall leaues, ofawhite colourmixed with carnation, growing at the top of a bare and naked ftalke, fiue or fixe foote long, and fometime more. The leaues are long and fiaegie, not much vnlike the common rcede. The roote is threddie, and not long. i Gramen HI ST OKIE OF PLANTS. *7 I GrmenTomentarium. Cotton grade. 2 Gladzolmpaluflris Cordz. Water Gladiole. # The place a nd time. 1 Cotton grafle groweth vpon bogs, and fuch like moorifh places, as it is to be feene vpon a bog at the further end of Hampded heath in a valley, vpon the right hand neere to a (mail cottagc,as ye go from London to Henden: in which place doth growelikewifemanyothcr rarefirrtples, as you fhall vnderftand heerafter in this treatife. It groweth likewife in Highgate parke neere London. 2 Water Gladiole groweth in (landing pooles, motes, and water ditches. I found it in great plentre, being in companie with a worfhipfull gentleman Mader Bobert VV'zlbraham , at a village fifteene miles from London called Bufhey. It groweth likewife by the famous riuer Thamefs, not far fromapeeceof ground called the Diuels neckerchiefe neere Redrilfc by London, and many other places. Thefeafon anfwereth all others. & 7 ‘he names. 1 Gramen tomentofum is called likewife Iuncm bombicinm: of Cor dm, Limm pratenfe^ and Gn (ifil¬ ium Hieronimi Bochij . In Englifh Cotton grade. 2 Water Gladiole is called of L'Obelim , Iuncm Cyperoidesfloridmpaludofm , Flowring Cyprede rufh. Iuncm, faith he, for that his ftalke is like the Rulh: Cyperozdes, bicaufe his leaues do refemblc Cyperm: Florzdm , bicaufe it hath on the top of euery rufhie ftalke, a fine vmblcor tuft of (inall flowers, in fafhion of the Lillie of Alexandria, the which it is very like, and therefore I had rather call it the Lillie grade. The nature and vertues. Cor dm faith, that Inncm bombicinm fbdden in wine, and fo taken, helpeth the throwes and gri- A pings of the bellie,that women haue in their childing. There be alfo fundrie kindes of grades wholy vnknowen, or at the lead not remembredcf the old writers, whereof fomefew are touched in nameonelyby the late and new writers: now for as much as they haue onely named them, I will refer the better confideration of them to the indudrie and THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE and diligence of painfull fearchers of nature, and profecute my purpofed labour, to vnfolde the diners forts and manifoldkindes of C>yw^,Flags,andRufhes: andRicaufe that.there is added vnto many of the gralfes before mentioned, this difference Cyperozdes , that is to fay,grafie like, or refem- bling Cyperzzs , I thought it expedient to ioine next vnto the hift<$rie of grafles, the dilcourfe of Cype- rwandhiskindsjwhichareasfolloweth. Of Enghjh Cjalingale. Chap . zz. I Cyperttelongus. Englifh Galingale. 2 Cyperi efculenti. Spanifh Galingale. 'k 7*he defer ipt ion. Nglifh Galingale hath leaues iike vnto commonReede, butleflerand fhorter. His ftalke is three fquare, two cubits high: vpon whofe top Rand fundry bran- ches,euerv little branch bearing many (mail chaffie fpikes.The rooteis blackeand very long,creeping hither and thither, occupying much ground by reafon of his n preading: ofa inoflfweete and pleafant fmell when it is broken. 2 Spanifh Galingale or fweetc Cyperus hath his leaues rifing out of the ground like the former. The ftalks do anfwer it in fquareneffe: at the top whereofdo (land fine leaues,amongft the tuft,(far fafhion. among the which a!fo do ftand fower chaffie leaues, falfhioned like the leaues of an Afh tree, The whole plant is mod impatientof our cold climate *. for it doth perifh with the firff froft, as myfelle haue often prooued in mine owne garden in London, hauing the rooies fent me from Spaine. 3 Round Cyperus groweth almoff: to the height and greatnesof Reede: the tuft or floweris very like vnto the former: the leaues are broder,and more in number. The rootesare many and knobby, ouall in foime,inteiiaced with many firings or threds,aItogither without fin el I. 4 Cats-tailc graffc hath many long rceden leaues, comming from a fibrous or threddieroote, among HISTORIE OF PLANTS. among the which arife graffie flalks of two cubits high, garnifhed at the top with certaine chaffie aglets, refembling the reede mace,or Cats-taile,ofa darke blackifh colour. 3 Cyperus rotundus. 4 Cyperus Typhtntes, Round Galingale. Cats-taile Galingale. x ft T be place and time. 1 The firfl: of thefe groweth naturally in fennie grounds: yet doth it profper exceedingly in gar- dens 3 as experience hath taught vs. 2 Spanifh Galingale groweth in Spaine,Languedoc,and fuch like hot regions. ft The names. 1 Cyperus longus is called of the Latins as well Cypiruszs Cyperus: of fome Iuncus quadratic : of Flime Iuncus angulofus and Triangular is : of others ^AjpaUthim and Erijis: in French South et; in Dutchtin Spanifh luncoodor ofa .-inEnglifh CyprefTe,and Galingale. 2 Cyperus efculentus is called of Guillandinus , Tulcichymm. 'Theophrastus calleth it Cyperus dulcis. The people of Verona in Italie do call it Traci dulce, and Dolzolim. It is fo named in Spaine, where the poore people crie them about the ftreetes, Trajidulce, Traji dulce , like as our Englifh women in London crie Orenges,Pomegranates 3 andfuch like 3 where it is eaten for fallads by rich and wealthie citizens: I thinke rather to procure luft than appetite to meate. ft The nature. Diofcorides faith, that C)perushath an heating qualitie, Galen faith, the rootes are mod effe&uall in medicine,and are of an heating and drying qualitie: and fome do reckon it to be hot anddriem the fecond degree. ft The vertues. It maketh a moft profitable drinke to breake and expell grauell 3 and helpeth the dropfie. A Ifit be boiled in wine anddrunke, itprouoketh vrine 3 driueth foorth the ftone 3 and bringeth B downe the naturall ficknes of women. The fame taken as aforefaid,is a remedie againffc the flinging and poifon of ferpents. G F erne Hus S o THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE D FerneUus faith 3 the roote of Cyperm vfed in baths, helpeth the coldnes and flopping of the ma- trix 3 and pronoketh the termes. E He wriceth alfo that it increafeth blood by warming thebodie,and making good digeflion; won¬ derfully refreshing the fpirits 3 and exhilarating the minde, comforting the fenfes 3 andincreafing their JiueIinefIe 3 reftoring the colour decaied 3 and making a fweete breath. F Tie powder of Cyperm doth not onelv drie vp all moift vlcers either of the mouth 3 priuie mem- bers 3 or fundament,but flaieth the humor, and healeththem 3 thoughthey be maligne and virulent, according to the iudgement of Fernelim. T _ 'The description. ... e ovvers ^is Sea RuSh grade are faire and beautiful I 3 very much downie, in manei 1 ce luncm odor at thicker, growing togither like a foxe taile 3 fine or fixe inches long and leafedS^f, § ^ ratherfiIllcl: > to PP' d aforefaidlil «= ^tbfecuros. 2 The rootes of our Common Rudies are long and hairie, fpreading largely in the ground, from wnci as rom one entire tuft, proceedeth a great companie of fiuall Ruflies : fo exceedingly well ■nowen/nat lall not ncede to fpend much time about the defcription thereof, f' T 1C , C l3 . n ne iGr ^ oi Rufhes befides the former, whole pictures are not extant, and the ; iCr ,° r Llat [ Q . § enera ^ ^cfcnption oi Ruflies,as alfo their common vfe and feruice are fufficient ° eadidotnedow edge or them. This great Water grafieorBull rufh 3 in ftecdofleaues brin- f °° ££nniar T ra, g yttwi^gieniootesorf]:udngs 3 wh!chberound 3 frnooth 3 fharpepointed 3 and vunout knots. Their tuft or flower breaketh foorth a little beneath the top, vpon the one fide of HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 31 the rufrggrowing vpon little fhort Rems like grape clufters,wherein is contained the feedeaftenhe fafhion of a fpeares point. The rootes be {lender and full of firings. Plinie and Theophrattmhtfoxz him,affirm? that the rootes of the rufh do die euerieyeere , and that it groweth againe of the feede. And they affirmc like wife, that the male is barren, and groweth againe ofthe yoong fhootes 5 yet I could neuer oblerue any filch thing. 4 Iuncm acutm^ or the fharpe Rufh, is likewife common and well knowen : not much differing from Iuncm Uuis, but harder, rougher, and {harper pointed : fitter to {Iraw houlesand chambers than any of the reft: fo* the others are fo foft and pithie,that they turne to dufl and filth with much treading5 where contrariwife this rufh is fo hard,that it will Iafl found much longer. 3 June us aquatic us maxim us. Great Water Rufh,or BullRufh. 4 Iuncusacutus . Sharpe Rufh,or hard Rufh. it The place 1 Iuncm Cfrfarinm graminem, Francis Penny of famous memorie, a learned phifition and expert herbarift, found this Sea rufh in thecoaft of the Mediterrane fea, in the way as he trauelled to Pifcaire, and hath not as yet been found in England. 2 Juncus Uuis groweth in fertill fields,and medowes that are fomewhat moift. 3 Iuncm aquatiem groweth in {landing pooles,and by riuers fides in mofl places. 4 Iuncusacutus groweth vpon drie and barren grounds, efpccially neere the furrowes of plowed land.I neede not fpeake oftheir time of growing,they being fo common as they are. it The names. The Rufh is called inGreekc jfivot in Latine iuncm : in high Dutch X inlowe Dutch QI 3 i£f£tt X in Italian Giunco: in Spanifh Iuneo: in French lone: in Englifh Rufhes. The Grecians hauc called the Bull rufh ohoynvos. Iuncm Uuis is that rufh which Diofcorides called Iuncm acutm is called in Grecke S^oiV©-.In Dutch ^fcrCtl 'B|CfCU* it The nature. Thefe rufhes are of a drie nature. ‘It The THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE * The venues. A The feede of rtifhes dried at the fire, and drunke with wine alaied with water, ftaieth the laske, and the ouermuch flowing of womens termes. B Galen yeeldeeh this reafon therof, bicaufe that their temperature confifteth of an earthie eftence, moderately cold and waterie, and meanly hot: and therefore doth the more eafily drie vp the lower parts, and by little and little fend vp the cold humors to the head, whereby it prouoketh drowfines and defire to fleepe; but caufeth headach,whereof Galen yeeldeth the reafon as before. C The tender leaues that be next the roote, make a conuenient ointment againft the bitings.of the fpider called Phalangium. D The feede of the Bull rufh is raoft foporiferous 5 and therefore the greater care muft be had in the adminiftration thereof,lcaft in prouoking fleepe,you induce a drowflnes,ordeepe fleepe. OfTRecdes. Chap.i 4,. # Thekindes. F Reedes the ancients hauefet downe many forts. TheophraTlushzth brought them all,firfi: into two principallkindes,and thofe hath he diuided againeinto mo forts.The two principal are thefe,o4W#/^,or Tib tales bar undines, and Harundo vallatoria. Of thefe and the reft we will fpeake in their proper places. 1 Harundo Vallatoria, 2 Harundo Cypria. tfr The defcription. He Common Reede hath long ftrawie ftalks, full of knottie iointsor knees like vnto corne,whereupon do grow very long rough baggie leaues. The tuftorfpokie earedoth grow at the top of the ftalks, browne of colour, barren and without leede. And doth refemble a bufhof feathers, which turneth into fine downe or cotton, which is caried away with the winde, fhe roote is thicke, long, and full of firings. T HI S TO RIE OF P L A Hit S. 1 $3 firings,difperfing thfiinlthics far abrodc,whcrcby it dpth grc^tlyirrcrcafc. . <> 2 TI16 Gyprefle Rec.z6. Hat undoflorid*. Flowring Reedc. # The defer iption. F Lourifhing Reedc hath a thick and fat flalke, of fower orfiue foote high, great belowneerc the ground,andfmaller toward the top, taper wife: whereupon do grow very faire brode leaues, full of ribs or fineweslike vnto Plantaine, in (hape refembling the leaues of white Hellebor, or the great Gentian, but much broder and larger euery way. At the top of which flalks do grow fantaftike flowers, of a greene or herbie colour; which being faded, there followe round, rough, and prickly knobsjlike thofe of Sparganium or Water burre,of a browne colour, and from the middle of thofe knobs three fmall leaues. The feede contained in thofe knobs is exceeding black, of a perfect round- nes, of the bignes of the fmalleft peafe. The roote is thicke, knobby and tuberous,with ccrtaine fmall threds fixed thereto. & The place. It groweth in Italie,in the garden of Padua,and many other places of thofe hot regions. Myfelfe haue planted it in my garden diuers times, but ic neuer came to flowring or feeding, for that it is very impatient to endure the iniurieof ourcolde climate. The time. It muff bee fet or fowen in the beginning of April!, in a pot with fine earth, orinabedmade of horfe dung, and fbme earthfirawed thereon, in fuch manner as Cucumbers and muskeMe¬ lons are. The names. The name Arundolndica is diuerfly attributed to fundrie of the reedes,but principally vnto this: called of IiObelius Cannae or us : of others Arundoflorida , and Harundoflorida : in Englifh the Flow- ringReede. & The nature and vertues. There is not any thing fet downe as touching the temperature and vertues of this Flourifhing reede,either of the ancients,or of the new or later writers. Of "Taper Teede, Cbap.zj. •kThe defeription. P Aper Reede hath many large flaggie leaues, rough in handling, and Iikewife tough,rifing im¬ mediately from a tuft of rootes compact of many firings, among the which fhooteth vp naked flalks,fquare and rough: at the top whereof doth fland a tuft or bundle ofehaffie threds fet in comly or der,refembling a tuft of flowers,but barren and void of feede. 37 HISTORIE OF PLANTS. Papyrus Nihtica. Paper Reede. it The place. This kinde of reede doth growe in the borders of riuers about Babylon,neere the citie Alcaire, in the borders of the riuer Nilus, and fuch other places of thofe countries. -- - it The time. The time of fpringing and flouri(Tiing,anfwcrcth that of the common reede. - it The names. This kinde of reede, which I haueenglifhed Pa¬ per reede ,or Paper plant,is the fame,(as Idoteadc^f that paper was made of in Egypt, before the inuen- tion of paper made oflinnen clouts, was found out. It is thought by men of great learningind vnder- ftanding in the Scriptures, and let downe by them for truth, that this plant is the fame reede mentio¬ ned in the fecond chapter of Exodus: whereofwas made that basket of cradle , which was dawbed within and without with flime of that cotintry, cal¬ led Bitumen Iudaicim^ wherein 'JMofes was put be¬ ing committed to the water, when Pharaoh gaue commandement that all the male children of the Hebrues fhould be drowned. it The nature , vert ties and vje. The rootes of Paper reede doth nourifh : as may A appeere by the people of Egypt, which do vie to chew them in their mouthes,and (wallow down the iuice: finding therein great delight andcomfort. The afhes burned, afiwage and cpnfume hard apoftumes, tumors and corrafiue vlcers in any I part of the bodie,but chiefly in the mouth. The burnt paper made heerof doth performe thofe effects more forcibly. C The (talks heerof haue a Angular v(e and priuilege in opening the chanell or hollow pafiages of D the Fiftula,being put therein: for they do (wel,as doth the pith of Elder,or a tent made of a fponge. The people aboutNtfus do vletoburne the Ieaues and (talks,but efpecially the rootes. E The frailcs wherein they put raifons and figs, arc (omtimes made heerof; but generally with the F herbe Spar turn > deferibed in the next chapter. OfzyVfat JVecde . Qiaj).i%. it Thekindes. * l; | There be diuers kindes of Mat Weedes,as fhall be declared in their feucrall deferiptions. it The dejeription . He herbe Spartum , as Pliny faith, growethof it (elfe, andfendeth foorth from the roote a multitude of (lender rufhie Ieaues, of a cubit high or higher, tough and plia¬ ble,of a hoarie colour, which in time draw narrow togither, making the flat leafeto become round, as is the rufh. The (tub or ftalke thereof beareth at the top certaine feather-like tufts comming foorth of a fheath or huske, among the which chaffie husks is con¬ tained the feede,Iong and chaffie.The roote confifteth of many firings,folding one within another, by meanes whereof it commeth to the forme of a turfe or hafiocke. 2 The fecond likewife Plinie defiribeth to haue a long ftalke,not vnlike to reede,but leflernvhere- upon do grow many graflie leaues,rough and pliant, hard in handling as are the rufhes. A fpokie chaffie tuft groweth at the top of the ftalke, comming foorth of a hood or finewie fheath, fuch as inciofeth the flowers of Onions, leekeSjNarciftiis, and fuch like before they come to flowring, with (eede and rootes like the precedent, C 5 t Spartum 38 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE I Spar turn Plinij Clujto . plinteslAix. Weede. 2 Spur turn altcrum Plirrij. Hooded Mat Weede. 3 ■ Spar turn ^Anglic amtm Englifh Mat Weede. 4 Spar turn Anglicanum alteram* Small Englifh Mat Weede. HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 39 3 EnalilL Mat wecde hath a rufhie roote, decpely creeping and growing in heapes of fand and grauellM'rom the which arife ftiffe and fharpe pointed leaues, afoote and a half- long. Theftalke grovveth to the height of a cubite,whereupon doth grow a vvoollie lpike like vnto fpike graffe 3 wher- m is contained a chaffie fcede.Of this plant neither iheepe nor any other cattle will tafte or cate. 4 The other Eriglifh Mat weede is like vnto the former, failing that the rootes of this arc long, notvnhketodoFs grafie 3 butdonotthruft deepeinto the ground as the former do 3 butcreepeon- ly vnder the vpper cruft of the earth: the tuft or care is greater., refembling the Foxetaile graffe. # Theplace. Thefe kinds of Mat weede do grow in Italy and Spaine 3 and other countries adioyningdike wife in many places of England neere vnto the feafide 3 efpecially in the weft parts : about Norfolkealfo and Suffolke in great plentic. The time. The time anfwereth the other reedes. c ic The names. Mat weede is called in Latin Spartum, although there be another Spartum,\vhich is a kind ofSpa- nifh broome: and to make a difference of them,this is called Spartum herba , and that other Spartum frutex. In Prouence in Fraunce they call it Olpho: in Spanifh Albardin: in Englifh Mat weede. it The nature , vertues and vfe. Thefe kinds of graflie or rather rufhie reede 3 haue no vfe in phifick 3 but ferue for to make mats and A hangings forchambers 3 frailes 3 baskets 3 andfuch like. The people ofthe countries where they grow 3 do make beds of them 3 ftrawe their houfes and chambers in fteede of rufhes, for which vfe they do excell 3 as my felfe haue feene in the worfhipfull Mafter Cooke his houfe in Holborne 3 which is vfually ftrowed therewith in winter. They do likewife in fundry places of the Hands of Madera 3 Canaria 3 Saint Thomas 3 and other of B the Hands in the trad vnto the weft Indies, make of them their bootes, fhooes, herdmens cotes a fires and lights. It is very hurtfull for cattell 3 as is that of Sheeregrafle. Of Camels haie. Qhap.zy. r I Sccenanthum. 2 Sccenanthtm adulterinwn. Camels Hay. Baftard Camels Hay. 40 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE k The defeription. i Amels haie hath leaues very like vnto Cyperus, his rootes are many, in quantitie meane, S fulloffmallhairesorthrcds, proceeding from the bigger roote, deepely growing in the ground, hauing diuers long ftalks like Cyperus grafle, let with fome (mailer leaues, euen vnto the top:where do grow many final! chaffie tufts or pannicles like vnto thofe of the wilde Otes, of a realbnable good finell and fauour when they are broken, of thefauour of the Roicj with a cer- taine biting and nipping of the toong. a The baftard Camels haie hath long crambling rootes, creeping vnder the vpper face of the earth in maner of the Couch grafle: the ftalkes are like to Cyperus, fet with long wheaten leaues ,at euery knot one, and toward the ground mo, by equall diftances: the fpikie earc or creft is chaffie, not vnlike to the Foxetaile grarfe, but longer and bigger, fomewhat refembling barley, without line II. k The place. They grow in Africa,Nabathsea,and Arabia,they areftrangers in thele northerne regions. k The time ♦ Their time anfwereth the other reedes and flags. k The names. Camels haie is called in Greeke yflvQ- fyayAvm : in Latin luncus odor at us, and Scoenanthum , in (hops Squirt ant hum, that is, Flos Iunci : in French P of ear de chammeau ; in Englifh Camels haie, and Squinant. k The nature. They do heate moderately, and are aftringent. k The vertues. A Camels haie prouoketh vrine,mooueth the tearmes, and breaketh windeabout the ftomacke. B It caufeth aking and heauines of the head: Galen yeeldeth this reafon thereof, bicaufeit health moderately and bindeth with tenuitie of parts. C According to Diofcorides his iudgement, it diflolueth knottie and hard lumps in any part of the bodie. , . D The flowers or chaffie tufts are profitable in drinke, for them that pifle blood any waies: it is gi- uen in medicines,that are miniftred to cure the pains and griefes of the guts,ftomacke,lungs, liner, and raines 5 the fulnes, lothfomncs, and other defeats of the ftomacke, the dropfiej convulfions or (hrinkingof finewes. E The fame boiled in wine helpeth the inflammation of the matrix, if the woman do fit ouer the fume thcreof,and bath hir (elfe often with it alio. QfHurre^iede. Chap.^o. k The defer iption. 1 ► He firft of thefe plants hath long narrow leaues, which are double edged, or ftiarpe on both fides,with a fharpe creft on the back fide,infuch manner railed vp, that itfeemeth to be triangled or three (quare. The ftalks grow among the leaues, and are two or three fbote long, being diuided into many branches, garnifhed with many prickly husks or knops, of the bignes of a nut. The roote is full ofhairie firings. 2 The great Water Burrediffereth not in any thing from the firft kinde in rootes or leaues, faue that the firft hath his leaues rifing immediately from the tuft orknopof the roote : but this kinde hath a long ftalke comming from the roote, whereupon (a little aboue the earth ) the leaues fihootc out, round about the ftalke fucceffiuely, fome leaues ftill growing aboue others, euen to the top of the ftalke, and from the top thereof downwards by certaine diftances. It is garnifhed with many round wharles or rough coronets, hauing here and there among the faid wharlesone (ingle (hort Icafe,of a pale greene colour. s: h I Sparganium HISTORIE OF PLANTS. 4 l I SpArganium. Burre Reede. 2 SpArganium loti folium. Great Water Burre. & The place. Both thefe kindes are very common throughout England, and do growe in moift medowes 3 and neerc vnto water courfes.They plentifully growin the fennie grounds of Lincolnfhire,and fuch like places, in the ditches about Saint George his fields, and in the ditch right againft the place of exe¬ cution, at the end of Southwarke neere London,called Saint Thomas Waterings. He The time. They bring foorth their burric bullets,or feedie knots in Auguft. # The names. Thde plants of fome are called Sparganium. TheophraBus in his fourth booke and eighteenth chapter calleth them Butomus.oi fome rBatanarUMaft.tr Lytchzxh called them Reede Mace,which name is not very proper in mine opinion: I rather call them Burre Reede. In the Arabian toong they are called Sa far he Bamon: in Italian Sparganio: of Dodonem Carex, & The nature. They are cold and drie of complexion. # The vertices. Some write, that the knops or rough burres of thefc plants boiled in wine, are good againft the bitings ofvenemous beafts,if either they be drunke,or the wound wafhed therewith. c Of Cats taile. Chap.y., # The defeription. Ats taile hath long, rough, thicke andflaggie Ieaues, full of a fpungious matter, like mar- row,among which leaues,groweth vp a long fmooth naked ftalke, without knot or ioint, fa- fhionedlikeafpeare, of a firme or folide fubftance, hailing at the top a browne knop or eare, foft. 4 z THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE fiift, thicke and finooth 3 (eeming to be nothing ellebut a deale of flocks thicke fet and thrud togi- t'her,which being ripe turneth into a do wne,and is caried away with the winue.The rootes be hard, thicke and white/ull of drings 3 and good to burne 3 where there is plentie thereof to be had. Typha. Cats taile. # The place. Itgrowethin pooles 3 and fuch like Handing wa- ters 3 and fometimes in running dreames. Ihauefound a fmaller kinde heerof growing in the ditches and marfhie grounds in the me of She- pey 3 going from Sherland houfe to Feuerfham. •fr The time. They flower and beare their mace or torch, in Iuly andAugud. -fr The names. They are called in Greeke m 0 ltfetU in Italian c JWazza fir da : inSpanifh Behordo, and Iunco am&corodaco : in Englifh Cats taile, and Reede mace. Of this Cats taile driliophanes maketh mention in his Dialog of Frogs, where he bringeth them foorth one talking with another, being very glad that they had (pent the whole day in skipping & leaping inter Cyperwn and Phleum , among Galingale and Cats taile. otrid (eemeth to name this plant Scirpus , for he termeth the mats made of the leaues. Cats taile mats, asinhisfixt booke Fastorum^ isft Dominies, difcedite,ait % plausirocp moyantes , v> v iA ^ SuJlulit, in plaufirofiirpea matt afuit. . i ’ .< ' r # The nature. It is cold and drie ofcomplexion. ^ The^whidhis 3 when die gut called Intefiimm cMum, is fallen intothecods. This medicine mud be minidred ettery day fading for the (pace of thirde daies 3 the quantitie whereof to be minidred at one timef* 13. This berrrg'vfed 5 'as. 4 efore is (perilled, doth _not onely helpe children and driplings, but growen men al(o 3 if in time of their cure 3 they vie convenient ligature or truflings, and fit confounding plaifters vpon the greened place, according to art appointed for that purpofe in chirurgerie, vr yf : C This downe in (orne places of the lie of Ely^and the lowe countries adioining thereto, is gathe¬ red and well (bld 3 to make mattrefies of 3 for plowmen and poore people. D It hath been alfo often prooued,to heale kibed or humbled heeles(as they are termed ) being ap- plied to them,either before or after the skin is broken. Of Stitclnvoort. Chap .3 1 . 1 P Titchwoort, or (as Rue lines termeth it) HoloHenm, is of two kindes, and hath roundtendcr dalks 3 full ofioints, leaning toward the ground. Ateuery ioint grow two leaues one againd another. The flowers be white, compari of many fmall leaues,fet in the maner of a dar. a The „ HISTORIE is like vnto the garden Flower de-luce in rootes leaues and ftalks, but theieaues sare&nuch longer, fomtimes ofthe height of fower cubits, and altogether narrower : the£owerisof a perfed yellow colour, and therootc knobbie like the other, but being cut 9 it feemeth to be of the colour of raw flefh, ariT s ’ ' I lm THE FIRST BOOKS OF THE l Iris vulgaris. Flower de-luce. 2 IrispaluHrUlutea, Water flags 3 or Flower de-luce. ^ # The place. The water Flower de-iuce or yellow flag, profpereth well in moifl: medowes 3 and in theborders and brinkes of riuers,ponds,and (landing lakes. And although it be a water plant ofnature, yet be- ingplanted in gardens, itprolpereth well. I "rgsgg 3391, Thefe flowerin'May and Iune,bnnging foorth their fqwarecQds/ulI ©flame yellowifhfe'feed^ Joined or piled togitherlike little chcefes. ‘ Th e names, , . - ' Flower de-lhce is called inGreeke : CAthenem and Theophufim dare^de l*ur. as though they fllohld (aV ^Cmfetrairix'^y Which name it is alfo called oft^L at ms^Raitfx maric& * or rather Radix Naronica , of the tiuer Naron, by which the bed and greatefl (tore do grbweiwhereupon 2 S Tjcander in his Treacles commendeth it thus, ■. •- .•* Iridem quam aluit Drilon & Tparonis ripa* .-.Vyjhichmay.thusbeEngliihed; :f .. ; m . . H X 3 Jr if', which Drib# water feedes, — me , i , ' An diV4/^ ban^ke with other weedes. , . v £?d '^eitaliaps * n Spanifh LilioCardenp .‘in French Wtmhei the.Germainefe«fi|^ 0 itji jn Dutch fttficft. . ..... . fl ■ d 50 Hgnoitjntsri*) m a»df Thcicconcl is called in Latine, irispalusirislutea, Pfcudoacorus, and Acorm fduHrisz iriEuglilh, Water Ifags, Bafiard Flower de-luce,or water Flowre de-luce. . . *y> ... r : • ;-% r -.*!r;T: ad] yjrtv o ' I ' ieThenature* ".... tojb ;< s y.:\- i Ti,fc footes of the Flovyre de-luce being as yet frefli andgreene,and full of iuice, are hot almofl in thQibiixth degree.The:dried rootesarehotand drieinthethirde degree, burningthtfdiroate and mouthjofftich as taftethereto•. adi&dSsfrhimaalst -jud* lodaud a The HISTORIE PLANTS. 47 2 The baflard Flower deduce, his roote is colde and dri,e in the third degree, and of an a ft tin gent or binding facultie. * ... # The -vertues. The roote of the common Flower deduce cleane wafhed and ftampcd 3 vvith'a fewc droj)sof rofe A water, and laideplaifldr wife vpon the face of ma,q or woman, doth in two daies at the moil, take away the blacknes or ble wnes of any flroke or brude: fo that if the skin of the fame woman, or anie other perfon,be very tender and delicate; itiEaJlbeneedfullthatyeelaie a pceceof filke, findail; or a peece of fine latine betweene the plaifter and the skin: for otherwife in fuch tender bodies, ic often caufeth heate and inflammation. The iuicc of the fame doth not onely mightily and vehemently drawe foorth choler, but moft B efpecially waterifh h^mours,and is a fpecial and fingular purgation forthem that haue the drppfie, if it be drunke in whaie o'rfbme other liquor, that may fopa what temper and alaie his heatc. The drie rootes attenuate or make thin thicke and tough humors, which arc hardly and with dif- C ficultie purged away. They are good in aloche or licking medicine for fhortnes of breath, an old cough, and all infir- D mi ties of the cheft, which rife heereupon. They remedie thofe that haue euill fpleenes, and thofe that are troubled with convulfions orE cramps,biting of ferpents,andtherunningoftheraines,beingdrunkewith vineger, as faith Diof- cor ides ; and drunke with wine,it bringeth downe the monthly courfe of women. The deco&ion is good in womens bathcs,for it mollifieth and openeth the matrix. Being boiled very foft,and laid to plaiftcrwife,mollifieth or fbfteneth the kings euill,and old hard fwcllings. • v ' ^ . v. Of Flower deduce of Florence • Chap . 35 . p* o 4 8 THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE f c • i*. c ~ — ' : it T he deftrripticn. He Fower de-luce of Florence, wholero,q£es in {hops and generally eucry where, are cal¬ led//-^,or Ome, (whereof fwecte waters, fweete powders, and fuch like are made,) is al- ^ t ogither like vnto the common Flower de-luce,fatiipg that the flowers of this 7 r