RETREATS. RETREATS: » » A SERIES OF DESIGNS, CONSISTING OF PLANS AND ELEVATIONS FOR COTTAGES, VILLAS, AND ORNAMENTAL BUILDINGS. By J. THOMSON, Architect. * * i LONDON: PRINTED FOR J. TAYLOR, ARCHITECTURAL LIBRARY, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 1827 . LONDON: I. T. HINTON, WARWICK-SQUARE. 5p ec ' CpU. ' 4-4 ha i\t>% T4G> PREFACE. It has been asserted by an eminent Author that, “ Design pleases by the visible footsteps of Intelligence it discovers.” An argument satis¬ factory to the mind by the intimation of an estimable quality influencing it, and that daily experience proves to be correct. In buildings it is admitted, that those possessing convenience and elegance are generally preferred to such as are without those qualities; and also that a moderate sum may be so appropriated as to make an appearance of considerable importance, while a large amount may be expended so as to produce but an insignificant effect. Of the observations set forth in the following pages, it may be proper to observe that the Author submits them with deference, as correspond¬ ing with the principles laid down by the most eminent Professors who have treated of architectural composition. As each design has been made Avith reference to some particular case, Avhich either has arisen, or is likely to occur, the descriptions are preceded by some general remarks on the impressions under which they have been produced. For greater convenience the subjects contained in this Avork are divided into three classes ; the first class vi PREFACE. consisting of Cottage Residences, or “ Retirements” of a limited de¬ scription, adapted more particularly to the environs of the metropolis; the second class containing Villas, or “ Retreats” of the higher order; and the third class comprising Ornamental Buildings, some of which may be considered as appendages to the preceding designs, and others that may be erected independent of them. As several excellent works already exist of this description, each differing in their mode of treatment even of similar objects, and contain¬ ing other features altogether original, so if the Author be allowed to have contributed any additional hints worthy the subject and public attention, he shall consider his humble exertion to be amply rewarded. Bath Place, New Road, 1827 . CONTENTS. Section I.—COTTAGES. Page Plate I. Grecian Cottage ...... 1 II. Rural Cottage ....... 2 III. Gothic Cottage . ...... 3 IV. Regular Cottage ...... 4 V. Irregular Gothic Cottage ..... 5 VI. Uniform Cottage ...... 6 VII. Sporting Lodge ...... 7 VIII. Gothic Residence ...... 8 IX. Grecian Residence ...... ib. X. Rustic Cottage Residence ..... 9 XI. Coupled Houses ...... 10 Section II.—VILLAS, Plate XII. Parsonage House—Ground Plan . . .12 XIII. Lawn Front Elevation . . . . ib. XIV. Family Residence—Ground Plan . . .14 XV. Lawn Front Elevation . . . . ib. XVI. Irregular House—Ground Plan . . . ib. XVII. Perspective view ...... ib. XVIII. Gothic House—Ground Plan . . . .16 XIX. Lawn Front Elevation . . . . . ib. CONTENTS. • • • V131 Page Plate Plate XX. Gothic Villa—Ground Plan . . . .17 XXI. Lawn Front Elevation . . . . . ib. XXII. Ionic Villa—Ground Plan . . . .18 XXIII. Lawn Front Elevation . . . . . ib. XXIV. Second Elevation ...... ib. XXV. Doric Villa—Ground Plan . . . .19 XXVI. Front Elevation ...... ib. XXVII. Corinthian Villa—Ground Plan ... 21 XXVIII. Entrance Front ...... ib. XXIX. Family Villa—Ground Plan .... 22 XXX. Perspective View ...... ib. Section III.—ORNAMENTAL BUILDINGS. XXXI. Conservatory . 23 XXXII. Bridge .... . 24 XXXIII. Park Entrance . 25 XXXIV. Stable Building—Ground Plan . 26 XXXV. Perspective Elevation . . . ib. XXXVI. Private Chapel . 27 XXXVII. Fishing Lodge . 28 XXXVIII. Bath. . 29 XXXIX. Aquatic Temple . 30 XL. Water Gate . 31 XLI. Rustic Lodge . 32 COTTAGES. PLATE I. GRECIAN COTTAGE. As all superior erections, whether public or private, should be suit¬ ably designed to their situation, as well as to the particular objects for which they are built; so a Cottage should posses* a character adapted to the local circumstances connected with it. To construct an Hermitage, as has sometimes been done, on the road side of an approach to a populous town or city, would necessarily be out of true character; it is in a wild uncultivated country, amidst the picturesque scenery of the crag and precipice, that such objects strike with effect. The present design is for the residence of an active partner in a mercantile house; its features are calculated for a retirement suited to relieve the mind from the fatigues of the day; and it possesses neatness and accommodation sufficient to indicate its vicinity to the & metropolis. Its approach is by a broad gravel walk, with thickly planted shrubberies on each side, at the end of which the entrance is by a B 2 porch in the centre of the building, opening to a hall and staircase which forms a place of general access to the house. On the ground floor it communicates, on either hand, with the principal living rooms, and opposite to a private room ; the dimensions of the former being 20 feet by 15 feet, and of the latter 18 feet by 11; each being about 10 feet 6 inches high. The chamber floor would consist of three bed rooms and two dress¬ ing rooms of moderate dimensions, viz. one bed room, 20 feet by 15 feet; two, 15 feet by 10, and the dressing rooms, 11 feet by 9 feet; in height about 8 feet. The basement would contain a kitchen, scullery and larder; with cellerage, and having areas on each side of the projection at the back part, with means of access for domestic pur¬ poses. The materials of which it is proposed to be built, are sound stock brickwork, covered with Bayley’s cement; jointed and coloured of an uniform tint. The roof to be slated with duchess slating, having lead hips and ridges; a copper gutter cased with wood, to form cornice and soffit, and cast-iron rain-water pipes to be fixed in the angles of the back elevation. The porch to be of wood, painted with anti-corrosive paint, and its covering of the canvass usually used for verandahs. PLATE II. RURAL COTTAGE. Since it has become customary for persons to provide a small place of retirement during the avocations of business, the suburbs of our 3 principal towns are studded with cottages of this description, of which some are uniform and others irregular. The annexed plate exhibits a design of the latter sort, consisting on the ground floor of two living rooms; viz. one, 18 feet by 14 feet, and the other 14 feet by 13 feet, each about 8 feet 9 inches high ; with a book room, verandah, and porch. Three bed chambers and a dressing room above, about 7 feet 6 inches high ; and under ground a kitchen, scullery and larder. It aims only at neatness and cheerfulness, and may be built of grey stocks faced with seconds, or covered with Parker’s cement, and coloured of a bright stone colour. The roof slated, having a broad soffit with an eaves gutter of copper; the verandah of wood, covered with canvass and painted green : the sashes and doors to be grained wainscoat, and varnished. PLATE III. GOTHIC COTTAGE. As detatched Cottages, though of limited dimensions, are often preferred to larger houses in connection with others; in such build¬ ings it is desirable, for many reasons, to groupe together its little ap¬ pendages, not only because it requires less of walling, and is therefore less expensive, but that the combination is calculated to give conse¬ quence to habitations that would otherwise appear insignificant. The object aimed at in the present design has been to arrange them that they may also form an agreeable outline in the landscape. 4 It contains a living room 19 feet by 16, study 16 feet by 10, with two bed chambers above, and kitchen, scullery, &c. beneath. A green¬ house adjoining on one side, and on the other a chaise house and stable, having a loft and boy’s room over. Of the conservatory it may be well to observe, that by altering its apertures and allowing it a little more width, it may be converted into another living room; but to persons fond of flowers, its present appropriation will be duly esti¬ mated. The exterior of the Cottage should be covered with Parker’s cement or Bayley’s stucco; the stable building rough-cast; the woodwork of the former to be grained wainscoat, and of the latter to be painted green. The roof may be covered with ladies’ slates, having a bold cornice, and dripping eaves. PLATE IV. REGULAR COTTAGE. In the vicinity of a metropolis, where ground is highly valuable, but a small plot can be obtained by most persons who have occasion to reside there. Under these circumstances, as it is not proper to in¬ cumber the plot by a spreading erection, nor to pile one apartment upon another without something to relieve the crude effect resulting fi'om it; the accompanying plate is designed to obviate the disadvantage attending such peculiarities. The living rooms are raised 5 or 6 feet above the ground, the prin¬ cipal one having a verandah and balcony towards the front, and a bow window at the side, opening upon a platform for the reception of flowers; beneath which is a chaise house and stable adjoining. On 5 the opposite side the entrance is by a flight of steps concealed by a screen corresponding in elevation with the former, and having a way of access for domestics under it; this and the stabling would be ap¬ proached by a gentle descent, so as to obtain sufficient headway. It may be built of brick, and stuccoed to imitate stone. The roof slated, having an eaves gutter concealed in the cornice. The vases, &c. may be of artificial stone. PLATE V. IRREGULAR GOTHIC COTTAGE. Irregular buildings as they possess some advantages not so common to uniform structures, are often preferred by persons of limited income, particularly as they are enabled to erect just so much as to suit their immediate want, and increase at convenient seasons. Such designs are also adapted to the alteration of old houses, which may sometimes at a trifling expense be converted into picturesque and agreeable re¬ sidences. The present design is for a cottage of this kind, having the apart¬ ments on the ground floor, which is somewhat elevated for greater se¬ curity against damps by admitting a free circulation of air under it. A dining room 20 feet by 14, and a drawing room 18 feet by 13 feet, or larger if needful, are connected by folding doors; the window of the latter opening upon a paved platform for the reception of flowers; and the former having a small lobby of communication, for the service of dinner, &c. from the kitchen, which is about 17 feet by 12, with scullery and larder of convenient access; these, with a chaise house 6 and stable adjoining, occupy the ground plan. The chamber floor is designed to cover the part represented in the plan by a dark tint, and to be partly contained in the inclined sides of the roof. In the elevation all the apertures differ in their form and dimensions, while at the same time they are adapted to the particular apartments to which they be¬ long. The materials to be stocks faced with white Cowley bricks, of which also the cornices and strings might be formed. Its covering of ladies’ slates with bold projecting eaves. The chimney shafts should be carried pretty high, and have neatly moulded caps and plinths of the same materials as the walls. In subsequent additions care should be taken to vary the quantities and forms as much as possible from those that may be then existing, as well of the apartments as of their finishings, only preserving the general character of the building. PLATE VI. UNIFORM COTTAGE. Some persons require the accommodation afforded by town resi¬ dences in situations where they would be often glad to avoid their cha¬ racteristics as well as some of the inconveniences attending them. The accompanying plan has two living rooms and a vestibule, so arranged as to form one, two, or three separate apartments. If both the folding doors be thrown open, it would exhibit an uniform suite 40 feet in length ; or the vestibule may be connected with only one of them, * 7 and separated from the other; or kept distinct from both, and serve as an entrance hall. The domestic offices occupy the rear on the same door; they have a private way of access, and are conveniently situated for the service of dinner. Over these are proposed to be two stories of chambers, that, including one over the front entrance, would com¬ prise six or seven bed rooms, approached by a staircase in the centre of the house. The heights severally would be, for the principal rooms, 12 feet, the kitchen, &c. 9 feet, and the chambers 8 feet. It may be built of brick covered with Parker’s cement, coloured and jointed. The roof slated and having an eaves gutter formed in the cornice round the building. PLATE VII. SPORTING LODGE. The pursuits of the field call for suitable places of resort during the seasons alloted to them, and such, it is presumed, are most eligible as command extensive views of the surrounding country and are them¬ selves calculated to form striking features in the landscape. The design annexed contains a living room, 20 feet by 15, and two chambers, 10 feet by 12, the whole being considerably elevated. The principal room having a bow window opening on to a terrace formed by the projection of the ground story beyond it; the latter provides a kitchen, scullery, &c. and also apartments for a keeper, his wife, and a domestic. It is calculated to be built of stone, and to have a slated roof. The ornaments to be of terra cotta. 8 PLATE VIII. GOTHIC RESIDENCE. Sometimes the character rather than the dimensions of an habita¬ tion, serves to indicate the rank which its owner holds in society. The accompanying plate exhibits a small house of a superior order; it is calculated only for the residence of a single gentleman, to whom it would prove an agreeable domicile. It contains a dining parlour 26 feet by 16 feet, drawing room and library each 18 feet by 16, with porch, lobby, conservatory, &c. Two bed chambers above, and room for the kitchen offices beneath. As the style adopted admits of considerable elevation of the parapet, sleeping rooms for the servants may be obtained in the roofs without proving unsightly in the exterior. PLATE IX. GRECIAN RESIDENCE. \ ' . A number of moderate sized apartments are to some persons more eligible than a few adapted to display and entertainment. This design contains a dining room, library, and drawing room, of good dimensions, connected by lobbies so as to form a suit of consider¬ able extent, or they may be kept separate from each other, and the 9 latter serve as anti-chambers of common access to either of the former. These, with a study, school-room, and boudoir, constitute the ground plan. The accompanying elevation represents the lawn front, which is pro¬ posed to be of playful character, a circular conservatory forming the principal feature and its sweep parallel to the bow window of the draw¬ ing room, to which it serves as an appendage. Of this front it may not be irrelevant to observe, that although bold projections and variety of forms are attended with additional expense, they fully compensate by the superior effect which they are capable of producing. There would be four bed rooms and two dressing rooms on the chamber floor, and, if needful, others may be formed in the roof. The kitchen offices, with sleeping rooms for the domestics, are pro¬ posed to be in a subordinate building adjoining. PLATE X. RUSTIC COTTAGE RESIDENCE. Some buildings are dictated merely by necessity, or for periodical convenience ; if the proportions of their several parts be well contrasted, they may be made productive of agreeable and picturesque effects, notwithstanding the apparent incongruity of their association. In the annexed plan, the part a, b, c, d, is proposed for erection first, to contain a living and a small private room, with kitchen, scullery, larder, &c. and two or three bed rooms over; also the porch c 10 and verandah. The remainder to be added at a future period so as to form the present arrangement, consisting of a dining room, drawing room, and vestibule ensuite; kitchen, scullery, and larder with covered way; the latter building including the staircase, to be two stories high, which, together with the chambers in the former division, would contain sleeping rooms for twelve or fourteen persons in family. Its exterior should be of brick, rough-casted ; a thatched roof with projecting eaves, and having rustic carved fascia to decorate the gables. PLATE XI. COUPLED HOUSES. Houses built in couplets are not only attended with less expense in their erection than when detached, but they are calculated to present an appearance of consequence which singly they might not possess. The leading object of this design has been to disguise the entrances, and at the same time to contribute to the general importance of the whole by a facade or arched wing extending on each side, and serving as portals through which carriages may pass to the entrance, and to the stable yard behind. The plan is so arranged that both houses shall possess corresponding advantages; each having a central room, and the rest of the apart¬ ments similarly situated. The colonnade, while it contributes to the 11 embellishment of the front, serves also to subdue the glare of light to the study. Of the chambers it is necessary to observe, that the dining room and passage may also be carried up the height of the centre building, and dormitories for servants be obtained in the roof. The kitchen, scullery, and other domestic conveniences to be contained in the basement. It is designed to be built of brick and covered with Parker’s cement, of which material all the external may be executed, except the ornaments, or other figures on the piers, that would be better of artificial stone. VILLAS. PLATES XII. & XIII. PARSONAGE HOUSE. As it frequently happens that persons have an interest in building in situations not altogether eligible, such as the possession of a free¬ hold or a church living; so becoming occasional inducements to contend with local disadvantages, the accompanying plate is designed to meet the circumstance; it represents a gothic residence adapted to a flat, level country, suited to a small family of retired habits, or a parsonage house. Nearly all the apartments are on one floor, which is elevated 4 or 5 feet above the ground ; 1st, for greater security against damps; 2ndly, to obtain a better prospect; and, 3rdly, to give consequence to an elevation chiefly of but one story. It contains a dining room 18 feet by 13 feet, drawing room 20 feet by 13 feet, communicating by a lobby having a lancet window, which is proposed to be of stained glass. A small parlour or study 12 feet by 11 feet; a water closet of convenient access from either the 13 living rooms or bed chambers, of which there are two, and a dressing room in the body of the house. The wing buildings in the rear, have on the one side two servants’ bed rooms, and a dressing room, nearly on a level with the principal floor, and domestic offices beneath them. On the other side, the kitchen, scullery and entrance, are intended to occupy the whole height. The two wings, together with a fence wall at the end, enclose a court yard having a way of egress from the grounds. Of the dining room it may be well to observe, that if desired to be larger, the space occupied by the vestibule may be thrown into it; and the communication from the domestic offices, by a little alteration, be made to answer both purposes. The materials suited to it are a white brick with stone dressings. The ornaments to be of artificial stone, as less expensive where the decorations are formed by the repetition of similar objects, as crockets, pinnacles, &c. The roof to be slated with such as are of a light grey colour and of moderate guage. The chimney shafts lofty, and separated from their base upwards. The wood work, to correspond with the general character of the edifice, should be all grained wainscot, and varnished both external and internal, and the walls of the rooms of colours that harmonize with it. 14 PLATES XIV. & XV. FAMILY RESIDENCE. This design is of a plain rectangular figure, having a bow window towards the lawn front. The ground plan consists of a hall, 17 feet square, drawing room 25 feet by 18 feet, a breakfast room 16 feet diameter, dining parlour 30 feet by 18 feet, to which the back staircase communicates for the service of dinner, and a gentleman’s room, 18 feet by 11 feet. On the chamber floor are four bed rooms, a circular boudoir, dressing room and lady’s maid’s room, to all of which the back and principal staircases have convenient access. The servants’ dormitories are proposed to be above them, as also a nursery over the boudoir. The domestic offices are designed to be contained in a basement story. PLATES XVI. & XVII. IRREGULAR HOUSE. To the preceding observations concerning irregular buildings, may be added; that they also convey the appearance of greater magnitude than they actually possess, by the successive disclosure of their features to the view. 15 Each elevation in this design differs from the rest. The Portico forms a striking object in the entrance front. A tower-like appearance is assumed on the west side. To the north, a colonnade presents itself, and the east side is relieved by a rotunda. If viewed at either angle, a portion of each would be seen perspectively, and create great variety of outline. The plan is also designed to produce similar effect on the interior. The breadth of the portico is immediately contrasted by a gallery-like entrance to the house, which, connected as it is with the staircase, forms a vista the whole depth of the building; the former is intended to be decorated with pilasters supporting an ornamented ceiling, having- circular compartments with flowers in their centre, and bands to sepa¬ rate them from each other. On the right hand of the staircase, a broad flight of steps leads to a theatre or museum, 30 feet diameter, and of which the space would have increased effect by its lengthy approach. It may be appropriated to scientific pursuits, and occasionally serve as a place for scenic or musical entertainments. A spacious dining room, 36 feet by 19 feet, having a private way for the service of dinner; a drawing room 32 feet by 19 feet; a library 22 feet square, and an anti-room towards the entrance, comprise the whole of the principal floor. The elevation of this story would admit the domestic offices to be beneath them on the ground floor; and the bed chambers, contained chiefly in the roof, would have upright sides, and the windows be recessed from the inclined plane externally, so as to receive light between them and the front parapet. 16 PLATES XVIII. & XIX. GOTHIC HOUSE. It is sometimes advantageous to the general arrangement, to unite the entrance with the lawn front, in which case the elevation has to partake of somewhat opposite characters, as the entrance may not be so concealed as to be difficult of discovery, nor so glaring as to disturb the quietude of the lawn. This design is suited to a gentleman who, from magisterial or other appointments, has occasion to transact business at his residence. It is perfectly uniform, and provided with distinct ways of ingress and egress for visitors, domestics, or suitors. All the living rooms are upon the ground floor, except the drawing room, which is approached from a landing about midway between the dining room and chamber floors; their heights are about 14 feet, the chambers 9 feet. The apartments are of easy access for the family or domestics, without interference of one with the other;—the dining room for the service of dinner or introduction of company;—the drawing and breakfast rooms for attendance;—the lady’s room for com¬ munication with the housekeeper;—and the latter for superintending the domestics. The gentleman’s room is accessible from either of these approaches, for the man-servant or the family, though retired from all. There would be five good bed chambers above, and three dressing rooms. The man’s apartments are proposed to be under the drawing room, for more prompt attendance on the family, and for greater security to the house ; they would be not more than 7 feet high. 17 It may be built of stone or brick, having a plain-tile roof, with bold cornice and dripping eaves. The porches and platform to be covered with lead, and the latter paved over it to form a terrace. PLATES XX. & XXI. GOTHIC VILLA. To persons fond of retirement and study, this design is more par¬ ticularly addressed. It contains all the requisites for domestic comfort, and conveniences for literary or scientific pursuits. The apartments may be appropriated to other objects than those indicated on the plan. It contains three principal rooms, namely, a dining room and library, each 20 feet by 14 feet, and a drawing room 19 feet by 16 feet, so arranged as that each is perfectly private and independent of the rest, yet rendered ensuite by little vestibules or conservatories for rare productions. They are also of convenient access for the attendance of the domestics, or from the hall, or staircase. To the library is appended a cabinet for minerals or other curiosities ; and the dining room has a closet for suitable purposes. The kitchen offices are conveniently situated for their several uses, and have a common passage or covered way of communication, termi¬ nating with a dairy, which it is proposed to render decorative to the grounds. The chamber floor would contain three family bed-rooms in the main building, and four over the domestic offices, approached by one staircase. D 18 It may be built of brick, compoed and coloured in imitation of stone. The conservatories constructed of wood, as also the cabinet windows, which should be decorated with stained glass. The roof slated and having dripping eaves, or copper eaves-gutters, concealed by moulded cornices of a bold contour. PLATES XXII. XXIII. & XXIV. IONIC VILLA. Although it would perhaps be injudicious to limit the application of the orders of architecture so particularly, yet where opulence exists independent of rank and title, the matronly Ionic, may be considered as the most legitimate style for a family residence. The accompanying plate exhibits a design for such a building. It is of an oblong figure; the sides presenting a simple and uniform elevation, while the ends have semi-circular porticoes or colonnades to connect them with the former. One is appropriated to the principal entrance, and the other to a terrace appendant to the library; their form is also calculated to exhibit the features of this order to great advantage. The contents of the ground floor are a hall 17 feet diameter, drawing room 28 feet by 16 feet, dining room 31 feet by 16 feet, with ante¬ room, staircase, &c. A library 18 feet by 15 feet, a boudoir and study each 14 feet by 12 feet: these three apartments are proposed to be separated from the rest of the house by folding doors at the end of the vestibule, and have a private lobby of communication one to another. 19 There would be ample accommodation on the chamber floor; and sleeping rooms for servants may be obtained over them without dis¬ figuring the external appearance. All the domestic offices might be provided in the rear, or a portion of them contained in a basement story. A second elevation is given to this plan, of more elevated character, in which cupolas are introduced surmounting the circular porticoes, and an attic story is formed over a great portion of the building. The lawn front has a range of fluted columns, and five windows with architectural dressings: these open upon a broad terrace, having an ornamental dwarf fence, and terminated by sculptured figures placed on pedestals, or, if preferred, tripods for lamps might be sub¬ stituted for them. PLATES XXV. & XXVI. DORIC VILLA. Surely to persons of extensive landed property, there is not a more laudable or advantageous exercise of its revenue than the erection of a stately mansion commensurate with it. It enables the possessor to live with becoming dignity ; and he has the gratification which none but the wealthy can fully enjoy, of giving aid to national industry and talent, in the various branches that engage the artist and the artizan : while to his posterity he leaves an useful and honourable bequest to remain for ages, a monument of parental regard and patriotic munifi¬ cence. 20 The annexed plate contains a hint for the residence of a nobleman whose studies and travels have been directed to an acquaintance with the sister arts. The exterior, which is of the Grecian Doric, is designed in the simple style, characteristic of that order. The parts are few and broad, with sculpture occasionally introduced to soften the outline and relieve the whole. It is approached by a raised road concealed by a screen, on which the front row of columns rest as a stylobate ; the drive passing through the portico, while it enables the visitors to alight under cover, also avoids the labour of ascending a long flight of steps to arrive at the principal story. This floor contains a hall 23 feet square, drawing room and dining room each 32 feet by 21 feet, library 28 feet by 22 feet, breakfast room 22 feet by 20 feet; also a gentleman’s room, a boudoir, and attendants’ rooms of simple form and arrangement. The staircase is of convenient access from any of the apartments, and so designed as to form a commanding feature in the building. The domestic offices would be contained in a subordinate building in the rear; the level of which should be within one foot of the natural ground line, so as to be nearly or quite below the principal floor; by which it would be rendered more commodious to the kitchen court, and give the opportunity of forming a chamber story over them without injury to the flank elevations. 21 PLATES XXVII. & XXVIII. CORINTHIAN VILLA. The residence of a nobleman should possess an elevation of character corresponding with the rank of its inhabitant, it should also contain all the requisites for domestic enjoyment and for study. The order chosen for the present design is Corinthian, to which the whole building, both external and internal, should be in “ keeping.” It not unfrequently happens that a Corinthian portico leads to a hall or vestibule, supported by massive Doric pillars, of which the character¬ istic simplicity is converted into barrenness by the misapplication ; and each order serves but to destroy the excellencies of the other. The exterior should ever be the boldest, and the hall being an intermediate between the portico and the apartments, should combine the elegance of the latter with the dignity of the former. In this case it is proposed to have fluted columns and a richly ornamented entablature; while the living rooms would be confined to the mere lively display of hangings and decorations in the province of the upholsterer. They consist of a diningroom, drawing room, library and breakfast parlour, of suitable forms and of ready access for the attendants, without interfering with the general suite; also a gentleman's room and boudoir. The family chambers would be over these, while those of the ser¬ vants might be contained in a subordinate building, occupied by domestic offices on the ground floor. 22 PLATES XXIX. & XXX. FAMILY VILLA. An arrangement entirely different governs this design, the outline being a parallelogram without any bays or other projections on either of its fronts, yet each differing in their embellishments: one having a row of fluted pillars, another composed entirely of pilasters, and a third > having columns and pilasters united. As the principal floor is considerably raised above the level of the ground, a broad flight of steps is designed at each end to lead to it, which consists of a spacious suite of apartments and requisite ap¬ pendages, conveniently situated for their several objects. The domestic offices to be contained in subordinate wing buildings, enclosing a kitchen court between them. The chamber story would afford accommodation for a large family, to which is added an attic floor over a portion of the edifice that is also calculated to improve the external appearance. ORNAMENTAL BUILDINGS. PLATE XXXI. CONSERVATORY. The pleasures of the flower garden, of which the conservatory during the summer forms a principal feature, are generally acknowledged, and it serves in the winter season as a substitute for the more genial months. Nature in her simplicity has charms for the uninitiated, while she has in store for those whose education and habits lead them to study her laws, vast sources of delight: and as flowers form a peculiar branch of her productions, and appear as it were the objects on which she has delighted to shew forth all her varieties of form and colour, the conservatory may be considered as a casket, in which are to be deposited the jewels of vegetable creation. The accompanying plate exhibits a design for one on an extensive scale. It is designed to be elevated so as to form a commanding object at one extremity of the garden, surrounded by a balustrade, of which the pedestals are surmounted by vases for the reception of particular plants. It has also a broad flight of steps leading to it on the east, 24 south, and west aspects. The terrace is proposed to be gravelled, and the oblong figures in the plan towards the front are intended as cisterns for aquatic productions. A gardener’s shed is provided towards the north, as well to break the force of the winds in that quarter as for the stoke hole and other accommodation. The lightest order of Corinthian is adopted as fittest for this purpose, on account of the delicacy of its features, and because it admits the greatest portion of glass in its construction that can be obtained with security. The columns, pilasters, &c. should be of stone ; the sashes of metal not liable to corrosion; and the ornaments of terra cotta. PLATE XXXII A BRIDGE. Rivers, that in the early stages of society appear to have formed the barriers between rival interests, in more civilized times frequently become the central pride of a domain ; where this takes place, a ready and convenient means of communication becomes necessary from either shore, and bridges of various constructions, namely, wood, brick, stone, or iron ; or compounds of these should be adopted as most suitable to the situation. In flat grounds it requires some effort to prevent erections of this kind appearing cumbrous and intrusive. In this case iron is admirably 25 I adapted to lighten their character; and if the approaches are well planted out they help to improve and diversify the scene. The annexed plate is for an ornamental bridge of this description, of which the piers and abutments are proposed to be erected of brick, cased with stone, and the arch of cast-iron ribs painted a suitable colour. The span should not exceed 40 feet, (as the design con¬ sists of but few and simple parts,) and of which the expansion and contraction (so objectionable to iron work in general) would be scarcely perceptible, particularly if put together at a mean temperature of the atmosphere. The dwarf fence walls on the top to be of stone with piers on the inside. The road formed by a covering of plates of iron, laid on and secured to the ribs or braces ; a strata of clay well tempered to prevent the rain dripping through the joints of the former; and layers of hand-screened rubbish, lime core, and loamy gravel, with one of tine ballast on the top; this, while it forms a good road, is also calculated to prevent vibration. Its width may be about 15 feet in the clear. The approaches of easy ascent gently curved, and at their junction with the level ground to have a quick sweep. The scroll ornaments to be of iron cast in lengths, and the figures representing Neriads, or other water deities, to be carved in stone. PLATE XXXIII. PARK ENTRANCE. It is the opinion of many eminent authors, that the entrance to a domain should possess some feature characteristic of the mansion to E 26 which it refers. Thus to a limited habitation, a pair of ornamental gates and piers may be sufficient; or a rustic lodge, to a cottage resi¬ dence; while the villa and park demand something more dignified, in proportion to its extent and consequence. This design is adapted to one of moderate scale : it is without columns or other peculiar marks of grandeur and magnificence, yet sufficient to stamp the estate to be one of no ordinary description. It consists of two lodges; one to be used as a living and the other as a bed room, of which the walls contribute to architectural embellish¬ ment. The superstructure between them is designed to continue their whole depth, so as to form a solid archway; and not, as frequently is the case, a mere facing carried up, which rather tends to disfigure than adorn. It may be constructed of brick and stone together. All the large surfaces, including the piers, to be faced with seconds, neatly executed, and the plinths, cornices, imposts, architraves, and cills, of good masonry. PLATES XXXIV. & XXXV STABLE BUILDING. As all buildings, for whatsoever purposes they are erected, are capable of architectural embellishment, so the style, it is admitted, should be such as they are best calculated to receive, without interference with their primary object. 27 The annexed design is for a stable building, suited to the order, convenience, and display of that part of a gentleman’s establishment. The plan consists of two six-stall stables, two single and two double coach-houses, two loose boxes, a stable for post horses, sick stall, harness room, &c. with provision over them for hay, corn, and straw; coachman, groom, and helpers’ rooms ; or, where so much accommo¬ dation is not requisite in this department, a portion may be appro¬ priated to a washhouse, laundry, brewery, or other domestic office usually detached from the dwelling house. PLATE XXXVI. PRIVATE CHAPEL. There is nothing perhaps more acceptable to the Deity, than structures dedicated to his service and honour; and as matters ot domestic and political economy, they have their advantages. The education of a family, or the opportunity afforded a tenantry to pay their duty to their God, are of obvious importance; while the example of the superior will ever be an earnest for their diligence, and must be attended with great moral improvement. Of the suitableness of the building, many eminent Authors have written ; some disclaiming the cold and grudging edifices of puri¬ tanical worship as unworthy the presence of Him to whom the sumptuous temple of Solomon was acceptable. Amongst others, Mr. Addison, after observing of the ancients “ that we are obliged to devotion for the noblest buildings that have adorned the several coun¬ tries of the world,” who considered that, “ not only might the mag¬ nificence of the building invite the Deity to reside within it, but that 28 such stupendous works might at the same time open the mind to vast conceptions, and fit it to converse with the divinity of the place speaking of the manner of architecture, remarks, “ it has such force on the imagination, that a small building” of good proportion “ shall give the mind nobler ideas than one of twenty times the bulk, where the manner is ordinary or little.” In private life, the necessity of a place set apart for religious worship is evident both from observation and philosophy, the mind being dis¬ posed to take up the train of ideas which have been formerly impressed on it in particular situations. The present design is proposed for erection in a nobleman’s park. Its form is an oblong parallelogram about 33 feet by 25 feet, having octagonal piers at each of its angles. At the east end a porch of entrance, and at the west a corresponding projection forms a staircase to the bell tower above. It would contain a family pew, elevated a few steps above the floor and opposite the communion table, which is also to be raised on a platform; seats for the domestics, occupying the angles on each side ; and benches placed lengthways of the chapel for the peasantry. It may be built of either stone or brick, if the latter be executed by ingenious workmen, and the ornaments and caps of the piers of arti¬ ficial stone. Internal ly the wood work should be wainscoat; or it may be deal, painted and varnished in imitation of it, if done by skilful hands in that branch. PLATE XXXVII. FISHING LODGE. A right of fishing, as it enhances the value of property situated in 29 the vicinity of a good river, is often an inducement to persons fond of angling to erect small buildings on its banks dedicated to this pursuit. The subjoined plate contains a living room, kitchen, &c. and the substructure is intended to serve as a boat house, also partly formed by a projecting terrace communicating with the living room by folding sash doors. It is thus calculated for rural enjoyment during a tine season, and for protection when the weather is inauspicious to its chief objects. It should be constructed of stone, have a slated roof, and the wood and iron work painted with anti-corrosive paint. PLATE XXXVIII. A BATH. There are few luxuries that are at the same time so healthful as bathing, if practised with discretion. The bath with the Greeks formed a part of the ancient gymnasia ; and in Rome, it is stated that public baths were erected to the number of eight hundred and fifty-six, of which some now form the most stupendous ruins of that famous city. They were all opened at a certain hour by the sound of a bell, when the populace rushed in with eagerness to refresh themselves, either at public or private thermae. Of so much consequence has bathing been considered, as to form leading features in the ceremonies of different countries; and the ex¬ travagance complained of in ancient Rome, that the baths of plebeians should be filled by silver pumps, and freed men tread on gems, have 30 been almost equalled by the Turks in later times, according to a description given us by an eminent French traveller in Egypt. The accompanying plate is designed for a private bath, proposed to be erected on the grounds belonging to a family mansion, and where a constant supply of water can be relied on. It is of an oblong figure, and the bason is expanded in the centre, affording ample room for plunging, while the ends, of which one should be deep and the other shal¬ low, are provided with steps for more convenient access to the dress¬ ing rooms. The two lobbies at the entrance might also serve the tem¬ porary purpose by fastening the outer door during the time it is so occupied. The exterior is here intended to be decorated as a temple, having a bas relief representing a river god drawn by horses, attended by Neriads, or other suitable sculpture. The ornaments composed of water-leafage or such as have soft and flowing outlines. Stone is the most suitable material for its construction, except the embellishments, which may be of terra cotta. PLATE XXXIX. AQUATIC TEMPLE. The fountain needs but little to be said to recommend it. In the summer season, it is so grateful to the eye and ear as to please all who come within its influence. The object of the present design has been to produce an increased liveliness by enclosing it as in a temple, and from whence, after the jet has risen to its highest elevation, it falls on an elevated plateau, 31 thence into a basin formed by the plinth on which the pillars stand as a pedestal; and as soon as it is full it issues between them in six separate currents to a reservoir, lastly, as a transparent veil, over the decorated border, it flows into the stream or pool from which it assumes to have emerged. It may be nearly all composed of artificial stone, in which mate¬ rial it would not be expensive, on account of the number of ornaments that might be cast from the same mould : the substructure may be of brickwork, put together with cement. The plan exhibits half its real figure. PLATE XL. A WATER GATE. To those who reside on the banks of a river or the borders of a lake, this kind of building is found exceedingly desirable, not only for the facility afforded by its connection as it were of two opposite elements, but for the increased gratification which arises upon exchanging the one for the other, by pleasing objects united with either of them. Lord Byron intimates a feeling of this kind when he alludes to An object “ beaming o’er the cliff, First greets the homeward veering skiff.” It is of importance that stately trees should occupy the rear as seen from the water, so that the favourable impression made by the edifice may be borne out by the scenery, and augur new sources of delight. From the grounds it would assume the character as well as fulfil the office of an alcove; yielding protection from the passing shower or too oppressive heat of the sun. 32 The celebrated Inigo Jones has left us a beautiful example of this kind of building, in York Stairs, London, and it is to be wished that its features may become the ground work for similar structures that would contribute at once to the respectability and enjoyment of their possessors. It should be built entirely of stone, and have appropriate sculpture and inscriptions, including the arms of its founder &c. The platform and steps of moor-stone or granite. PLATE XLI. RUSTIC LODGE. The subject of the present plate is a gardener’s cottage or porter’s lodge; and designed not merely to provide for the absolute necessities to human existence, but to characterize the hospitable hand for which the English country gentleman is so eminently distinguished; to em¬ brace those comforts which are seldom lost upon the destined inha¬ bitant, and even to contribute to his humble but unqualified enjoy¬ ments. * * -Jr In its construction the walls should be of free stone or brick and rough-casted, the covering of thatch in either case, and the eaves decorated with oak borders cut into scollops or other appropriate forms. On one side of the octagon a pair of large grotesque cantelivers are made to support a lean-to covering, under which is placed a bench for the recreation of its owner. A little scullery and larder should be added, when the occupant is not intended to fare at the table of the domestics. FIM S. 1. T. llinton, Printer, Warwick Square. , (&IB C IAN Ls. II RB.E « 'I TEAK V ©TTAUJE . /•ubtisfud bv J Taj/tor. ArcJiit/rtwal Library. Jliyh Tfotbam. LonJ.m.. Kitrfisn T)nuring Dining Jlrcnv ScuCUrif 1 UXJFWKfift COTTAGE. fondPTi* f'uJrlishsA JSZ7, by ./ Taylor, // 'u/A JMbonu FI.7. SPURTING X.OBGE. fttblisfud hr JTayL'r. slrfhittitural Library- /fiyh //Fbont.Zornirn . * ' . ' 'V .. ■ • - ' . . . ■ ■ pi 1 . . • • t Pa • • : ■ i- . . ca \ . • M \ ■ L . . ■ . ■ ■ . % IVeC- ©O THI r WF. SIBE^CFi • ruhliftvd, bv j:Taylor. Arciur*atur*L Library, High Wolborrt* 7.onsfon-. PL9. t?bT. MAS WRS.HiSWCJK . Icmlvn.. luMishM tf.ty Mt>. -/ Eaylrr Jh.,h IL-Uvrn run XFSTJC COTTAGE KKSIIIDENC'E, Lorvbm* Titbit*hod-1fit?, by T Taylor, ffufh TfotAerru 7//r/ Zondorv,Published, M/iy 1027 . by Jil'aylor,TTigfvTlolbom-. PUZ. Drefsing Room Parlor Drawing Room ScuiUrt/ lit 'a Room tour/ lard Intrant jest ion/ 7ied Room I lire/suu/ I Room J) m utti Room ?;\ES0M6E MOFSE. Lonulcrt.Tul’lishtd. 16Z7 , by J Taylor, Jlwh Ilelbcnv. PL 13. T AB 5 OITA OF. HOUSE. Pi /■/ CHAMIBEK PLAN. PLAN. ,j f ao ia? A iQ ft- Lcndsn, Published, Ifl27. by J.Taylor, ffiph IfoTborn ujotfjo// t/fi/J/ 'joj/ivj'-f Aq •*£!// pst/yj/qn,/ •uspuu’f P/./n % * V LTld IRKEGtriAR THOITSJE fcull? Kitchen Souse keeper Morning Room Flowers Porch PlJti 0B.OPIOJ PI. AN. I ,J |O \ZO 1 20 \ M F t Hall Drawing Room Thnzng fronts Room. Jiocm hldl/S Room XondotyPubTisKed 1027,by J Toy Irr High, tlolhom. * * ' - ' • • . ;■ •• • ■ ? ‘ - ■ - pua * Zaruton . /‘uJ'/tsh/'.f It/27, fit/ J. Toy tor, 7lujh. 7/olbortu London, Hiblished 1827. by J. Taylor, High Jfolbom » Published hr J Taylor> Architectural Library. Hiyh Holborn Jordan. PI ??' CBAMBBE F1LAH. GKOTJHD FJLAJT. U - T i~r-r- » T.onJ/m,, Tubhshrd 1627, by TTaylor. JTiyh. flcUtom. \ Lm.lcn.. ruiUthM m7 . ky XTaytor.JKgh a,U,orn . Kid \ Hendon■, Publishod 1427 . by •/ Tat/lor, J/igh-jfoi w >' $ / London Published 1627 by J. Toy lor, High JToLb om. PI. 26. Loru/on. Published June LISZT, by JTaylor, lliyh Helbom . PL 27. London, Publis/ud 18 V. by J. Toy lor. High. Holborn, FI 26. \ Xondvns, Xubbush^J Jim* 1.18*7, hi/ J. Tai/for, Jfiqfv llolhom /Y 'a ninrcirAL floor p lan , y r 'v “r T Y * Louden, J‘ul> Lifted 18Z7; by J Taylor, Eiyh, HoZbem. TL30. Published, In' STavhir,^trchitsutural Library Jfiyh Tfolbcrn-. FI .31. r OW STRKTAT®]EY, Published by J Taylor. ^Architectural Zibrari/.Huth IL-lbc'mJbondon. II .32. rublished by J Tartar. . Ir ihiii^ lurnl Librarv. Ili*jh Ih'U’f’m. I.onilvn. PAJSK MTEArfr^. l.orulrrv. /‘uMistu-d JSt7. by J Taylor. Jfiph Holbom . / J /.jy London., PuLUj fiect J827,■ by J. Taj/Lor, Titjjfi Ho lb or n .. PU5. stabix BimJwrrGS WUVATK CTAKKJL. Published by J. Taylor, /irchtrsrtural Library, TEyKJXplbcm.Lvndcn.. JPISHl'JTO I.OJDG1E Condon* Tub/ishod JSZ7, by J. Taylor, Jfujh- ZFolbom* ~T»m BATH. L ondon, JithU'xhod 1.4X7. />// 7. Taylor, High- Ho thorn. PL 3.9 AQUATIC TEMTLE. J,rtnii'n. J'uh/Lshed hr JLTai/for. Zfuj/i Helborru TL.4C. ’WATIEft GATE. Leruivn J*ubUsfutd IST7 bv J. Ku/far. 7f£pA Malbam. i El V BUS TIC LOBG1B ZenjJ/>rv,J\iJ}Ush^d 26t7. by •/ Toy tor. Highs JfoCbonu. - I - : ■ § ' ' - ' ■ ' ■ . . ■ ' ' I % f '' v sfCcifiu ft'6 fan 0 %^o7- ■. #• tttilK UtwlfcR LIBRARY >- •