EXHIBITION hb OF TILES • PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM MEMORIAL HALL, FAIRMOUNT PARK PHILADELPHIA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/exhibitionoftileOOpenn_O 19- Saracenic Tin Enameled and Lustered Tile Thirteenth Century From Northwestern Persia EXHIBITION OF TILES PENNSYLVANIA MUSEUM MEMORIAL HALL, FAIRMOUNT PARK PHILADELPHIA 1915 TILES ILES for roofing, paving and mural decora- tion have been used from a very early pe- riod. The building bricks of Babylonia were frequently glazed with glass and not with tin, as stated by the early writers. Pieces of opaque, colored glass cut into thin slabs, were used by the Romans for insertion in walls and mosaic work. Earthenware tiles of considerable size, glazed with tin and decorated in colors and luster were employed by the Saracens in the interior decora- tion of buildings. Flat tiles in the forms of eight- pointed stars and four-armed crosses were extensively used, which were embellished with plant and animal motives in luster. Examples dating from the thir- teenth century have been found in large numbers in Persia. A tile of this character bearing the date 1121 is known. The native Persian potters from that time on ornamented their mosques and other structures with tiles of various sorts frequently having enrich- ments in luster. At a later period the ornamentation was painted in blue or in bright colors. The latter style was copied by the peoples of the Mediterranean area, notably at Damascus, in Turkey and Asia Minor. For several centuries Spain has been pre-eminently a country of tile-making. In the fourteenth and fif- teenth centuries much of the tile-work in some of the provinces was Moorish, or showed Saracenic influence in the shapes, in the stanniferous enamel with which it was coated and in the luster decoration. Previous to the fourteenth century, inlaid tile-work, in the Moresque style, was being extensively produced. 3 About the sixteenth century two new styles were orig- inated by the Spanish tile-makers, known as the cuerda seca and the cuenca. The former consisted in the imitation of inlaid strapwork or mosaic designs by the use of enamels of different colors on a solid sur- face. The second process consisted in stamping the design in the clay, the outlines being in relief, and in filling the depressions with glass glazes of various tints. Seville was the principal seat of the manufacture, but tile-works sprang up in many parts of the country, where vast quantities of tiles of many kinds were produced for interior and exterior decoration. Since the beginning of the sixteenth century painted tiles, with designs covering large surfaces, have been an important manufacture. From Spain the use of tin enamel rapidly spread to other European countries, particularly Italy, Hol- land, Mexico and England. In Italy the Spanish methods and styles were closely followed in the fabri- cation of wall and paving tiles. In Germany and Switzerland tin enameled tiles were extensively used in the construction of earthenware stoves. At Puebla, Mexico the manufacture of maiolica tiles reached large proportions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The manufacture of decorative tiles was not seri- ously attempted in the United States until after the Centennial Exhibition of 1876, although numerous experiments in this direction had been previously made. On the other hand earthenware roofing tiles were produced to a considerable extent in eastern Pennsyl- vania through the eighteenth century. These were evidently made at first by workmen who came from Germany, being similar to the tiles which abound in that country, and were a little later produced by native American potters. They are variously known as flat tiles, Germanic, and Beaver Tail, being about fifteen 4 inches in length, and six inches in width, of unglazed red clay, with a nib at the upper part of the under side for hanging on rafters. An illustrated article “On the Older Forms of Terra-Cotta Roofing Tiles”, by Prof. Edward S. Morse, in the Essex Institute Bulletin, 1892, treats this subject in an exhaustive manner. The Museum collection will serve to convey a fair idea of the principal styles of tiles which have been produced in various parts of the world at different periods. The exhibit includes a large series of maiolica tiles collected in Mexico, and some large panels of modern Spanish, Russian and American tiles, in great variety of design and treatment, the majority of which were first shown at the Centennial Exhibition. Edwin AtLee Barber 5 BABYLONIAN 1. BRICK (Fragment) Dimensions, 2 by 2y 2 inches Pottery with glass glaze of greenish tint. From Nippur, Babylonia, about 500 B. C. EGYPTIAN 2. WALL FRESCOES (Fragments) A flat surface of dried mud containing cut straw, covered with a thin coating of white clay on which the designs were painted, the colors being white, dark red and dark olive green. ROMAN 3. MOSAIC PANEL Length, 49jG inches. Height, 29)4 inches Picture of mounted warriors, in stone and glass mosaic. Found in a villa belonging formerly to the family of Prince Drago, twelve miles from Rome. Given by Mr. Thomas Hockley. Museum No. ’03-33. 4. MOSAIC PANEL Dimensions, 18j4 by 12 inches Picture formed of small stone tesserae of different colors. The subject is supposed to be the trans- formation of stones into men and women, as illustrating the Greek myth of Deucalion and Pyrrha. Museum No. 1040 5. MOSAIC PANEL Dimensions, 18p2 by 12 inches A companion to preceding, the subject being Amphictyon, son of Deucalion, admonishing. Museum No. 1041 6 6. TESSERAE (5) From a tesselated stone pavement. Ancient Roman. Given by Mr. Henry Phillips, Jr. Museum No. ’88-193 7. MOSAIC (Fragment) Composed of small tesserae, or cubes of stone. From the Baths of Caracalla, Rome. Given by Mr. Charles E. Dana. Museum No. ’08-13 8. FRESCO (Fragment) With animal painted in colors. From the Forum, Rome, Italy. Given by Mrs. John Williams Patten. Museum No. GO-3 9. BRICK Burned clay; stamped with large circular inscribed seal. Ancient Rome. Given by Mr. Charles E. Dana. Museum No. ’08-16 10. BRICK (Fragment) Burned clay ; stamped with circular seal. Ancient Rome. Given by Mr. Charles E. Dana. Museum No. ’08-15 11. BRICK (Fragment) Burned clay ; stamped with name, CVIFFIG. Ancient Rome. Given by Mr. Charles E. Dana. Museum No. ’08-14 12. TIDES (Fragments) Pieces of glass of various colors and patterns cut into thin slices for insertion in walls and in mosaic work. Roman, first to fifth centuries A. D. 7 SARACENIC 13. ARCHITECTURAL TILE Dimensions, 10 by 10J4 inches Covered with tin enamel. Decoration in relief, including part of a bold inscription in dark blue on an arabesque ground of luster. The frame work at two sides is decorated in relief, in pale turquoise green, on a luster ground. The end tile from a frieze. Persia, thirteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 103-J. 14. ARCHITECTURAL TILE Length, 15 inches. Width, 9 inches Similar in style to preceding and of the same period. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 118-J. 15. ARCHITECTURAL TILE Dimensions, 14 by 13^4 inches Covered with tin enamel. Relief inscription in white enamel on dark blue ground. Persia, thirteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 117-J. 16. ARCHITECTURAL CORNER TILE Length, 8j4 inches; width, 6j4 inches Recessed design covered with black, white and light green tin enamel. Persia, thirteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 100-J 17. ARCHITECTURAL TILE (Illustrated) Length, 14 J4 inches ; width, 8 inches Slightly curved at base. Inscription in relief cov- ered with white tin enamel, outlined with brown, on a ground of deep blue enamel, through the centre of 8 ly. Tin Enameled Tile Panel Saracenic, Thirteenth Century 18. Tin Enameled Frieze Tile Saracenic, Thirteenth Century which runs a narrow band of pale green enamel con- taining in relief a mock inscription in turquoise blue. The design is heightened with touches of red and yellow. Persia, thirteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 106-J 18. ARCHITECTURAL TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 14 by 1 inches Covered with tin enamel. Decoration in relief, in- cluding part of -an inscription, the characters being enameled in blue, surrounded by a luster ground with floral and bird designs reserved in white. The end tile from a frieze. Persia, thirteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 105-J 19. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 12 by \ 2 l / 2 inches In form of an eight-pointed (Moslem) star. Of Arab-Mongolian type, covered with white stannifer- ous enamel and painted in luster. The luster is identical with that which is found on the Hispano-Moresque pottery of Spain. It is of brownish yellow tone, but when viewed at an angle changes to bluish violet, of the same quality as that of the madreperla lusters of Valencia. These star-shaped tiles were made under Saracenic influence in Persia, modified to some extent by the introduction of Mongolian technique, as shown in the painting of human figures of the broad Mon- golian face type. The inscription which extends around the margin has been translated by Prof. A. V. Williams Jack- son, of Columbia University, New York, with the help of Dr. Yohannan. It is written in very poor Persian and parts of it have been obliterated by the wearing away of the decoration. So far as the origi- nal lettering is legible, the inscription is as follows : TO 20, 21. Glass Glazed Tiles Persia, Thirteenth Century 23. Glass Glazed Mosaic Design Kashi Work Persia, Thirteenth Century “Wherever she be * * * the friends are as many as the stars Those beloved ones of the happy time * * * Cast out into the world* * * In the world there is no more hope left for me, And in my soul no love for the world is left. * * * happiness was the portion of my heart, And that is no longer left * * * creator of the world.” This tile is from Veramin, and is probably of the latter half of the thirteenth century. (See Frontis- piece.) TO-1 PERSIAN 20. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 5^4 by 4ys inches In form of an equilateral triangle, covered with glass glaze, in the usual Persian manner. The decoration consists of an embossed conventional floral and leaf design in lapis lazuli blue, black, and white. From Ardebil, Persia, thirteenth centurv. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. '83-49 21. TILE (Fragment) Similar to the preceding in style and treatment, but of different shape and pattern (illustrated). From the “Blue Mosque,” Tabriz, Persia, thir- teenth century. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. ’83-50 22. TILE (Fragment) Similar to preceding in style and treatment. From the “Blue Mosque,” Tabriz, Persia, thir- teenth century. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. '81-3 12 23. MOSAIC WALL DESIGN (Illustrated) Dimensions, 12 by 7% inches Thin sheets of glass glaze, black, turquoise blue, white and brownish yellow cut into shape and ap- plied to a flat surface of lime mortar forming a white inscription in the black ground. This is known as Kashi work, a style of mural decoration found in Persia and parts of India. From the “Blue Mosque,” Tabriz, Persia, thir- teenth century. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. ’81-2 24. TILE (Fragments) Glass glaze in light blue, dark blue and brown, cut into shape and faced on tesserae of lime mortar. Kashi work. From the “Blue Mosque,” Tabriz, Persia, thir- teenth century. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. ’81-3 25. TILE (Fragment) Dimensions, 5j4 by 4J4 inches Covered with glass glaze, luster decoration. Persia, sixteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 102-1 26. TILE Height, I0}i inches ; width, 3j£ inches Floral arabesque decoration in green and white on a blue ground, covered with glass glaze. Persia, eighteenth century. Museum No. ’07-45 EAST INDIAN 27. TILE Dimensions, 5j£ by 5j£ inches Cross shape, red clay covered with a yellow lead glaze. India, nineteenth century. Gift of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Museum No. ’81-4 28. TILE Dimensions, 6j4 by 6J4 inches Square shape, red clay with conventional floral de- sign in yellow slip, glazed with lead. Hyderabad, India. Given by the British Government, 1878. Museum No. ’78-33 29. TILE Dimensions, 6y 2 by 6 J4 inches Square shape, red clay, covered with white slip and painted with conventional flower in dark blue and turquoise, glazed with glass. Hyderabad, India. Given by the British Government, 1878. Museum No. ’78-35 30. TILE Dimensions, 7j4 by 7j4 inches Square shape, red clay, covered with white slip and painted with a geometrical design, consisting of four eight-pointed stars, in dark blue and turquoise. Glazed with glass. Showing Saracenic influence in the decoration. Hyderabad, India. Given by the British Government, 1878. Museum No. ’78-36 CHINESE 31. TILE, OR BRICK Length, \0y 2 inches; width, 5$4 inches Hard paste porcelain. White glaze, undecorated. From the Porcelain Tower, Nankin, China, seven- teenth century. Museum No. J-339 32. TILE, OR BRICK Length, I0y inches; width, 5^4 inches Companion to preceding. Museum No. M-5 14 33. RIDGE TILE (Illustrated) Height, 12 inches Glazed Stoneware finial, or ridge tile, in the form of a Genius or Devil. Ming Dynasty (A. D. 1368-1643). Museum No. T 5-203 33, 34. Ridge Tiles, or Finials China, Ming Dynasty 34. RIDGE TILE (Illustrated) Height, Uy 2 inches Glazed Stoneware finial, or ridge tile, in form of a lion. Ming Dynasty (A. D. 1368-1643). Museum No. T 5-204 15 JAPANESE 35. PORCELAIN TILE Dimensions, 23 by 8 % inches Fan shape. Painted with figure scene in colors. Owari, Japan. From the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-1686 36. PORCELAIN TILE Dimensions, 23 by 9 inches Fan shape. A companion to preceding. Museum No. ’76-1687 37. PORCELAIN PANEL Dimensions, 1 7ps by lips inches Floral design painted in blue underglaze, by Tokiyen Hansuke Seta. From the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No.’76-1656 38. PORCELAIN PANEL Dimensions, 18 by lips inches Companion to preceding. Museum No. ’76-1657 TURKISH 39 . TILE _ Dimensions, 10 by 10 inches Square form, one corner cut off. Tin enameled pot- tery, decorated with floral designs in colors. Constantinople, eighteenth century. John T. Morris Collection. Museum No. 1 04- J SPANISH 40. CUENCA TILE Dimensions, 6 by 4j4 inches Impressed design with raised outlines, enclosing brown, green and yellow glass glazes. White tin enamel ground. Known as the Cuenca style. From a frieze. Seville, Spain, seventeenth century. Museum No. ’97-781 6 41. MAIOLICA TILE Dimensions, 5 p 2 by 4 inches Conventional design painted in colors on a white tin enamel ground. Seville, Spain, eighteenth century. Museum No. ’08-5 42. MAIOLICA TILE Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Painted decoration in colors, figure of a rabbit in centre. Spain, early eighteenth century. Museum No. T2-112 43. MAIOLICA TILE Dimensions, 5^4 by 5^4 inches Conventional decoration painted in yellow and dark blue. Spain, early eighteenth century. Museum No. T2-113 44. MAIOLICA TILE 45. Dimensions, 5p2 by 5p2 inches Decorated with figure of fox and foliage, painted in blue on a gray ground. Spain, eighteenth century. Museum No. ’08-6 TILE PANEL Dimensions, 51 by 35 inches Composed of twenty-four eight-inch tiles in frame, decorated with conventional pattern in blue, green, pink, white and purple. Tin enameled. Seville, Spain. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. 76-1207 46. TILE PANEL Dimensions, 51 by 35 inches Composed of twenty-four eight-inch tiles in frame, decorated with six large conventional designs in yel- low, orange and purple. Tin enameled. Seville, Spain. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No,. 76-1208 47. TILE PANEL Dimensions, 34 by 34 inches Composed of sixteen seven-inch tiles in frame, deco- rated with conventional designs in various patterns and colors. Tin enameled. Barcelona, Spain. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-1216 48. ROOFING TILES (4) Dimensions, 16 by 9 inches Soft pottery covered with soft glaze in single colors. Broadly grooved and tongued to fit together. Modern Barcelona, Spain. From the Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-1212 MEXICAN 49. MAIOLICA TILE Dimensions, 8J4 by 8*4 inches Square shape. Painted decoration, a parrot in colors, yellow predominating. Showing Spanish influence. Made in Puebla, Mexico, about 1750. From the faqade of an old Mexican church. Museum No. ’08-569 50. MAIOLICA TILE Dimensions, 8j4 by 8^4 inches Painted decoration, a charging bull, in colors, yellow predominating. A companion to the preceding and from the same source. Museum No. ’08-646 51. TILES (2) Dimensions 4^4 by 4^4 inches Decorated with figure of St. Michael, painted in yel- low, surrounded by a ground of thick, dark blue enamel. From the dado of the church of San Miguel, Puebla, Mexico. Puebla, Mexico, about 1680. Museum Nos. '06-98, ’08-518 18 52, 53- Maiolica Tiles Blue and White Decoration Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700 52. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 6^4 by 6^4 inches Blue enamel ground, figure of angel, with border de- sign, reserved in the white tin enamel. Showing Spanish influence. Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1680. Museum No. ’08-528 53. MAIOLICA TILES (30) Dimensions, about 4^4 by 4^4 inches The designs of animals, birds, men, etc., are first outlined in blue, reserved in the white tin enamel ground, and surrounded by dark blue enamel thickly applied. This crude style of decoration was prac- ticed in Mexico during the latter half of the seven- teenth century and the early part of the eighteenth (illustrated) . Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700. 54. MAIOLICA TILES (65) Dimensions, about 4j4 by 4j4 inches The designs are painted in thick, dark blue enamel on the white tin enamel ground and stand up per- ceptibly in relief. This style of treatment was the most common during the first century of the industry in Mexico (illustrated). Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1750. 55. MAIOLICA TILES (27) Dimensions about 4^4 by 4^4 inches The designs are painted in dark blue, but are more or less depressed beneath the surface, instead of being in relief, an effect probably produced by pres- sure of the brush into the surface while still wet. This is known as the “tattooed” style, in distinction from the method of applying the thick, viscid enamel with a full brush. In this variety of decoration fig- ures are filled in with dots and are usually sur- rounded by fern-like foliage (illustrated). Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700. 20 Maiolica Tiles 53, Lower Pair; 54, Middle Pair; 55, Upper Pair Blue and White Decoration Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1750 56. MAIOLICA TILES (2) Dimensions, 4-7/s by 4 % inches Heads painted in heavy blue enamel on white tin enamel ground. In “tattooed’’ style. Showing Aztec influence ( illustrated ) . Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700. 57. MAIOLICA TILES (7) Dimensions, 5% by 5j4 inches Figures of men and animals painted in flat blue, of peculiar technique on white tin enamel ground, all from the same factory and different from the work of any other. Frequently the letter F is found among the ornamentation, and occasionally the figure of a bee, which are supposed to be the marks of the deco- rators. The painting shows combined Spanish and Chinese influences (illustrated). Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700. 58. MAIOLICA TILES (100) Dimensions, about 4^4 by 4^4 inches The decorations, usually of a geometrical, or con- ventional nature, are painted in colors. The work, in design and coloring, strongly resembles the tile painting of the Seville potters of the latter part of the eighteenth century. Puebla, Mexico, 1800-1840. ITALIAN 59. MAIOLICA TILE (Illustrated) Height, liy 2 inches; width, 8^4 inches Painted scene representing “The Deluge.” From Castelli, Italy, eighteenth century. Dr. Robert H. Lamborn Collection. Museum No. ’03-600 56. Maiolica Tiles Blue and White Decoration Showing Aztec Influence Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700 59. Maiolica Tile Panel Castelli, Italy 60. MAIOLICA TILE Height, 8 % inches ; width, 7 inches Painting of the Virgin. From Castelli, Italy, eighteenth century. Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-779 61. MAIOLICA TILE PANEL (Illustrated) Height, 35 inches ; width, 29 inches Composed of twenty square tiles and border. In centre a figure of the Virgin holding the infant 24 57- Maiolica Tiles Blue and White Decoration Puebla, Mexico, 1650-1700 Christ, both crowned. At base a view of a town. At left a group of sheep above which is an angel with sword, seated on clouds. At right a woman kneeling in adoration. The colors of the painting are blue, yellow and a brick red on white tin en- amel ground. The border, composed of narrow tiles, is painted with a simple fret pattern. Faenza, Italy, seventeenth century. Museum No. ’05-110 62. PANEL Height, lOjT inches ; width, 9^4 inches The Virgin and Child, modeled in relief, painted with bright colors and covered with lead glaze, over a coating of white slip, known as “Bianchetto” pottery. Italy, eighteenth century. Gift of Mrs. John W. Field. Museum No. ’91-32 63. TILE Height, 6j4 inches ; width, 5 inches Subject, “The Entombment”, modeled in relief and brightly colored. Covered with a coating of white slip and glazed with lead. “Bianchetto” pottery. Italy, eighteenth century. Museum No. ’99-744 64. TILE Dimensions, 8 by 8 inches Conventional design in colors and ruby luster on white tin enameled ground, in Saracenic style. By Cantagalli, Florence, Italy. Late nineteenth century. Museum No. ’97-782 DUTCH 65. TILE Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Whitish sandy clay, coated with white slip, mot- tled brown and brick red and glazed with lead. Holland, eighteenth century. Showing Spanish influence in treatment. Museum No. T2-116 26 61. Maiolica Tile Panel Polychrome Decoration Faenza, Italy, Seventeenth Century 66. TILE Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Companion to preceding, but slightly different in pattern, the colored glaze being combed into a quatrefoil ornament. Holland, eighteenth century. Museum No. T2-115 67. DELFT TILE Dimensions, 4J4 by 4J4 inches Painted with conventional floral design in colors, on white tin enamel ground. Holland, eighteenth century. Museum No. ’12-1 1 1 68. DELFT TILES (20) Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Painted in purple with Scriptural scenes : 1. Adam and Eve driven from Eden. 2. Noah and the Ark. 3. Animals entering the Ark. 4. Abraham and Isaac. 5. Jonah and the Whale. 6. Moses and the Ten Commandments. 7. Lot’s Wife turned to Salt. 8. Samson carrying away the Gates of the City. 9. The Prodigal Son. 10. St. Peter in Prison. 11. Herod’s Daughter receiving the Head of John the Baptist. 12. Christ in the Manger. 13. The Flight into Egypt. 14. The Baptism of Christ. 15. Christ delivered to Pilate. 16. Christ’s Agony in the Garden. 17. The Last Supper. 18. Christ borne to the Tomb. 19. The Resurrection of Christ. 20. Christ appearing to Cleopas after rising from the Tomb. Holland, eighteenth century. Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-716 28 6 g . Lead Glazed Tile White Clay Inlaid in Red Arms of the Burgh Family England, Late Fifteenth Century ENGLISH 69. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 6y 2 by 6^2 inches Square shape, arranged in lozenge form, with dec- oration consisting of crudely executed arms of the Burgh family of Gainsborough, England. The design, in white clay, has been inlaid in the brown clay of the tile, over which is a yellowish lead glaze. Decoration by means of stamped designs inlaid with clay of a different color, was practised in England in the Middle Ages. Such tiles were used for flooring in many of the old English churches, and in some instances such tiles were manufac- tured in the vicinity of the buildings in which they were to be used. England, late fifteenth century. Museum No. N. 570 70. TILE Dimensions, 6 J 2 by 6j4 inches Square shape, decorated with large heraldic bird in white clay, inlaid in the brown clay, over which is a yellowish lead glaze. England, late fifteenth century. Museum No. N. 569 71. TILE (Fragment) Decorated with rudely incised birds and covered with dark brown lead glaze. Encaustic tiles with scratched decoration, in one color, glazed with lead, antedated the inlaid tiles. Found under the chancel of St. John’s Monastery, Chester. England, fifteenth century. Museum No. L. 249 72. TILE (Fragment) Incised decoration, coated with white slip and glazed with lead. Design composed of parts of circles, each enclosing a rude figure of a bat. The body is a coarse, red clay. From St. John’s Monastery, Chester, England, fifteenth century. Museum No. L. 250 30 73. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Square form, with transfer-printed design! — three men in a boat, shooting at a doe, — surrounded by a rococo frame, on white tin enamel ground, the decoration being printed in black above the enamel. Made by Zachariah Barnes. Engraved and print- ed by Sadler and Green. Liverpool, England, about 1760. Museum No. ’05-433 74. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Companion to preceding. Transfer-printed de- sign of a man clubbing wild geese. Liverpool, England, about 1760. Museum No. ’05-432 75. TILE PANEL Dimensions, 70 by 42 inches Composed of sixty seven-inch tiles. Painted by Miss A. E. Black, England, 1876. Subject, “March.” Museum No. 77-240 76. TILE PANEL Dimensions 61 by 61 inches Painted in colors. Central square, Amphitrite in her chariot drawn by sea horses. Surrounded bv two borders, the outer with grotesque birds, fishes and flowers, the next with game and wild fowl. Bv Moore & Gibbs, England, 1876. Museum No. 76-891 77. TILE PANELS (6), IN FRAME Dimensions of panels, 11 inches Painted in colors by Miss A. E. Black, from designs by E. J. Poynter, A. R. A. Museum No. ’76-307-e 78. TILE PANEL Height, 40 14 inches ; width, 24^/g inches Two panels in one frame, each composed of five tiles. Subjects, “Music” and “Poetry.” From Centennial Exhibition. By Moore & Gibbs, England, 1876. Museum No. 76-892 3i 79. TILE Dimensions, 8 by 8 inches Porcelain, decorated with overglaze painted figure subject entitled “Music,” by G. E. Cook. Made by Minton, Hollins & Co., Stoke-on-Trent, England. Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-784 80. TILE Dimensions, 8 by 8 inches Companion to preceding. Subject, “Poetry.” Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-785 81. TILE Dimensions, 8 by 8 inches Decorated with head of Shakespeare painted in brown. Belonging to same series as preceding. Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-788 82. TILE PANEL Height, 18 inches; width, 6 inches Composed of three six-inch tiles painted with fig- ure of a woman gathering flowers. Same series as preceding. Bequest of Mrs. Frederic Graff. Museum No. ’97-786 BELGIAN 83. TILES (4) Dimensions, 5^4 by 5^4 inches Heraldic designs in yellow clay inlaid in red clay, and glazed with lead. Belgium, seventeenth century. Museum No. ’08-695 84. TILES (3) Dimensions, 5^4 by 5^4 inches Designs in yellow clay inlaid in red clay, and glazed with lead (illustrated). Belgium, seventeenth century. Museum Nos. T2-120, 123, 124 32 73, 74 - Transfer-printed Delft Tiles Liverpool, England, about 1760 85. TILES (3) Dimensions, 5 by 5 inches Designs in yellow clay inlaid in red clay, and glazed with lead. Belgium, seventeenth century. Museum Nos. ’12-117, 121, 122 86. TILE Dimensions, 4% by 4^$ inches Design stamped and inlaid with white clay in red clay, glazed with lead, touched with green. Belgium, sixteenth century. Museum No. T2-114 87. TILE Dimensions, 5 % by inches Design in white clay inlaid in red clay, glazed with lead. Belgium, seventeenth century. Museum No. T2-119 88. TILE Dimensions, 4^4 by 4j4 inches Design in yellow clay inlaid in red clay, covered with a heavy yellowish lead glaze. Belgium, eighteenth century. Museum No. T2-118 GERMAN 89. STOVE TILE Length, 12J4 inches ; width, 10^8 inches Tin enameled pottery, or Delft. Painted with figure scene in blue. Nuremberg, Germany, mid-eighteenth century. Museum No. ’82-205 90. STOVE TILE (CORNER) Length, 7p2 inches; depth, 3 l / 2 inches Tin enameled pottery. Relief design of Tulips in white on a dark blue ground. Hamburg, or Luneburg, Germany, seventeenth century. Museum No. N. 509 34 84. Inlaid Tiles Yellow Designs in Red Clay Belgium, Seventeenth Century 91. STOVE TILE (Illustrated) Length, 7^4 inches; width, 7 inches Tin enameled pottery. Relief design of Tulips in white on a dark blue ground. Hamburg, or Luneburg, Germany, seventeenth century. Museum No. ’82-761 91. Tin Enameled Stove Tile Hamburg, Germany, Seventeenth Century 92. STOVE TILE (Illustrated) Length, 12 y 2 inches ; width, 10^4 inches Tin enameled pottery, or Delft. Painted with figure scene in blue. Hamburg, Germany, mid-eighteenth century. Museum No. ’82-208 3 6 9 2. Tin Enameled Stove Tile Hamburg, Germany, Eighteenth Century 93. STOVE TILE Length, nY inches; width, io*4 inches Tin enameled pottery, or Delft. Painted with figure scene in blue. Hamburg, Germany, mid-eighteenth century. Museum No. ’82-209 94. STOVE TILE Length, 1 1 inches ; width, 9^8 inches Tin enameled pottery, or Delft. Painted with figure scene in blue. Hamburg, Germany, mid-eighteenth century. Museum No. ’82-206 37 95. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 7^4 by 7^4 inches Square shape, sgraffito decoration. Red clay coated with white slip touched with green through which the outlines and inscriptions have been scratched. Design, the figure of a man in eighteenth century costume, holding a drinking glass in his right hand. Above is the date “Anno 1794.” At the two lower corners is an inscription in German dialect. From Niederrhein, Germany. Museum No. T 0-391 97. Tile Stove Finial Germany, Eighteenth Century 95 , 9 ^. Slip Decorated Tiles Niederrhein, Germany, 1794 96. TILE (Illustrated) Dimensions, 7^4 by 7^4 inches Companion to preceding. Design, a woman holding a broom in her right hand and a glass (?) in her left. Above is the date “1794,” while beneath the figure is an inscription in German dialect. From Niederrhein, Germany. Museum No. TO-392 97. TILE FINIAL (Illustrated) Height, 9 inches Modeled figure of a seated lion holding a shield. Slip-coated pottery covered with a yellow lead glaze. Probably made for embellishing a tile stove. Germany, eighteenth century. Museum No. '82-332 RUSSIAN 98. TILE PANEL Composed of six seven-inch tiles in frame, decorated with conventional designs in various patterns and bright colors, in so-called cuerda seca style. Lead glaze. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. '76-544 99. TILE PANEL Composed of eight nine-inch tiles in frame, deco- rated with incised design filled in with green, red and blue on yellow ground. Lead glazed. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. '76-540 100. TILE PANEL Composed of six nine-inch tiles in frame decorated in style similar to preceding. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. '76-541 40 101. TILE PANEL Composed of four nine-inch tiles in frame, deco- rated with conventional design in red, black and white on pale brown ground. Lead glazed. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-542 102. TILE PANEL Composed of four nine-inch tiles in frame, deco- rated with incised conventional design in red, blue, yellow, white and black. Lead glazed. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-543 103. TILE PANEL Composed of twenty-four nine-inch tiles in frame, decorated with conventional design of scrollwork, heraldic birds and urn in red, outlined with white, on yellow ground. The work of the students of the Stroganoff School. Lead glazed. Russian. From Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Museum No. ’76-539 AMERICAN 104. STOVE TILE (Fragment) Height, 6 inches; width, 7}4 inches Coarse, soft red clay, coated with hard white tin enamel. The outer surface is curved and the deco- ration, in relief, appears to have been stamped in the clay before glazing. Dug up near the site of the old pottery in Burlington, N. J., which was established by Dr. Daniel Coxe, the first Governor of New Jersey, in 1685. Believed to be an example of the “white chiney ware” made there in the seven- teenth century (see “Pottery and Porcelain of the United States,” page 54). Museum No. ’01-180 4i 104. Tin Enameled Tile Burlington, N. J., Seventeenth Century (?) 105. ROOFING TILE (Tegula) Length, 15 inches; width, 6^4 inches Rectangular form, rounded at one end, having grooves on the upper side, and a knob on under side for hanging to a rafter. Made of common red clay, unglazed, and used extensively in central Europe and in Pennsylvania in the eighteenth cen- tury. Called “Beaver Tail,” “Germanic,” “Flem- ish” and “Flat” tile. From roof of a barn built at Nazareth, Pa., in 1744. Gift of Mr. Ethan Allen Weaver. Museum No. ’95-113 106. RIDGE TILE (Imbrex) Length, 15 y 2 inches; width, 7 inches Common red clay, unglazed. Curled in half cylin- drical form, for covering the ridge of a sloping roof. From same source as preceding. Museum No. ’95-112 107. ROOFING TILES (3) Length, 15 inches; width, 6^4 inches Same as above. Eastern Pennsylvania, 1740-1800. Museum Nos. ’92-56-58 42 108. PAINTED TILE Dimensions, 6^4 by 6 inches Octagonal shape, yellow clay, glazed with lead. Painted design in underglaze and enamel colors, — a green vine on a buff ground, with a red centre outlined in black. By Hyzer & Lewellen, Philadelphia, about 1870. The first of the kind made in the United States. Museum No. ’92-211 109. PAINTED TILE Length, 6 inches ; width, 3}4 inches Lozenge shape, yellow clay. Decoration painted in black on a lemon-colored ground, glazed with lead. By Hyzer & Lewellen, Philadelphia, about 1870. Museum No. ’92-141 110. INLAID TILE Dimensions, 6 by 3y 2 inches Lozenge shape. Conventional design in dark red clay inlaid in buff clay, glazed with lead. By Hyzer & Lewellen, Philadelphia, about 1870. Museum No. ’92-143 111. MANTEL TILE Dimensions, 6 by 6 inches Conventional floral decoration in low relief, un- glazed. By Hyzer & Lewellen, Philadelphia, about 1870. Museum No. ’92-135 112. MANTEL TILE Dimensions, 6 by 6 inches Companion to preceding, but slightly different in design. Museum No. ’92-136 113. TILE Dimensions, 6 by 6 inches One of a mantel set illustrating the old ballad “Isaac Abbott,” painted by Mr. E. P. Cranch at the Rookwood Pottery, Cincinnati, Ohio, about 1888. These tiles are of white stoneware, the deco- ration being painted underglaze in black, or brown, 43 in a quaintly humorous style. Mr. Cranch was a prominent lawyer of Cincinnati, and a clever artist, and was connected with Rookwood from the begin- ning until his death in 1892, at the age of eighty- three. Subject, “To Bed in a Warm Room.” Given by Mr. W. W. Taylor. Museum No ’93-285 114. TILE Dimensions, 646 by inches Square shape. Begonia leaf in high relief, covered with brown glaze. Made and given by H. R. Mitchell, of the Park Porcelain Works, Philadelphia, in 1884. Museum No. ’84-71 115. TILE Length, 5^ inches; width, 4 % inches In form of the upper shell of a turtle, moulded from life ; covered with a mottled brown glaze. Made and given by H. R. Mitchell, of the Park Porcelain Works, Philadelphia, in 1884. Museum No. ’84-83 116. TILE Length, 5^g inches; width, 4 ^ inches A duplicate of the preceding. Museum No. ’84-82 117. TILE Dimensions, 3 % by 3 % inches Square form, hard paste porcelain. Underglaze decoration in blue and green. Union Porcelain Works, Greenpoint, N. Y., about 1875. Museum No. ’92-188 118. TILES (In Frames) Lustered by the process of the late Mr. Edward Lycett, of Atlanta, Ga., which he claimed to be similar to that used by the Persians. American, late nineteenth century. T f '92-20-23 Museum NosT ^ 245 44 119. TILES (15) Portrait heads, modeled in relief, and covered with colored glazes. Made by Low Art Tile Co., Chelsea, Mass. Late nineteenth century. ’93-30-40 Museum Nos.i ’93-344 [’93-345, 345a-347 120. TILES Two panels in frame; one glazed in green, dull finish glaze ; one in bright yellow glaze. Made by the Beaver Falls Art Tile Co., Beaver Falls, Pa. Late nineteenth century. Museum No. ’02-22 121. TILES (23) Designs of heads, etc., modeled in relief and cov- ered with colored glazes. Made by the Beaver Falls Art Tile Co. Late nineteenth century. f ’92-246, 246c Museum Nos. < ’93-41 [’94-227-246 122. TILE PANEL Composed of three tiles each eighteen by nine inches, with Bacchanalian scene in relief, the same unglazed, dull glazed and highly glazed. Made by the Trent Tile Co., Trenton, N. J., 1892. Museum No. 319 123. TILES (5) Figure and floral subjects modeled in relief and highly glazed in different colors. M'ade by the Beaver Falls Art Tile Co. Late nineteenth century. Museum Nos. ’94-247-251 45 124. TILES (20) Various designs and patterns modeled in relief, glazed in different tints, some being treated by the sand blast process to produce contrasts of bright and dull glaze. Made by the Beaver Falls Art Tile Co. and the American Encaustic Tiling Co., of Zanesville, Ohio. Late nineteenth century. r 93-324-331 Museum NosC ’93-332-341 [’93-343 125. TILE PANEL Consisting of thirty-six six-inch tiles with large head of Grecian woman inlaid in colored clays in centre. Imitation of mosaic work. Made by the Mosaic Tile Co., Zanesville, Ohio. Late nineteenth century. Museum No. ’95-94 126. TILE PANEL Consisting of forty-nine six-inch tiles with design of the Haidah Thunder Bird inlaid in colored clays, surrounded by a border pattern. By the same. Museum No. ’95-93 127. TILE PANEL Consisting of twenty-four six-inch tiles with fleur- de-lis design inlaid in colored clays. By the same. Museum No. ’95-96 128. TILE PANEL Consisting of sixteen six-inch tiles with grapevine pattern inlaid in colored clays. By the same. Museum No. ’95-95 129. TILE PANEL Relief designs, heraldic style, glazed in blue. Made by Mr. Henry C. Mercer, Doylestown, Pa. at the Moravian Pottery and Tile Works, Doylestown, Pa. Museum No. ’04-154 4 6 130. TILE PANEL Composed of small square tiles with impressed designs of three-towered castles and fleur-de-lis in blue and yellow glaze, after old Spanish stamped tiles of the thirteenth century. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-150 131. TILE PANEL Composed of six tiles with impressed designs after the antique. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-152 132. TILE PANEL Composed of two tiles and bricks, after the an- tique. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-153 133. TILE PANEL Composed of twelve tiles in frame, with impress- ed designs of conventionalized animals, after the antique. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-151 134. TILE PANEL Consisting of central tile with relief design, after an old German stove tile design, surrounded by bricks, blue and green glaze. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-155 135. TILE PANEL Consisting of glazed tile with relief design, after the antique ; and a red unglazed terra cotta panel with figure of an ancient Roman in relief. Made by the same. Museum Nos. ’04-156-157 47 136. TILE PANEL Dimensions, 25 by 24 inches The figure of an elk, composed of mosaic designs of burned clay laid in cement. Made by the same. Museum No. ’04-158 137. TILE-WORK Dimensions, 110 by 48 inches Consisting of one hundred and fifty-seven tiles, with relief tulip design, border design and in- scription, in various colors of glaze. Motives taken from the old cast iron stove plates of the Pennsylvania Germans. Central device composed of four 9-inch tiles, copied from a stove plate bearing date 1756. Made by the same. Museum No. ’00-32 Printed At the Sign of the Ivy Leaf in Sansom Street Philadelphia