anxa 
 
 
 87-B 
 18978 
 
 
 
 
 Colonel James Grahme 
 
 
 OF LEVENS 
 
 A Biographical Sketch 
 
 
 OP 
 
 
 Jacobite Times 
 
 4 
 
1 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2015 
 
 t 
 
 https://archive.org/details/coloneljamesgrahOObago 
 
<$o(<rtttl $mkw> 
 
 OF LEVENS. 
 
 A BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF JACOBITE 
 
 TIMES. 
 
 COMPILED FROM CONTEMPORARY LETTERS AND 
 PAPERS AT LEVENS HALL, 
 
 JOSCELINE BAGOT. 
 
 KENDAL: 
 
 PRINTED AND SOLD BY T. WILSON, 
 
 LONDON'. W. KENT AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW. 
 1886. 
 
COLONEL JAMES GRAHME, 
 
 OF LEVENS. 
 
 JUST four hundred years ago, Alan Bellingham, Treasurer 
 of Berwick and Deputy Warden of the Marches, bought 
 the Manor of Levens from the Redman family, who had 
 resided at Upper or Over Levens Hall, since 1187. This 
 Alan belonged to an old Northumbrian family, and was 
 a younger son of Sir Robert Bellingham, of Burneshead. In 
 addition to Levens he became possessed of Helsington, Faw- 
 cett Forest, Gathorne, and other estates in Westmorland, 
 where his family continued to reside until about the year 1687, 
 when another Alan Bellingham, after a life of reckless ex- 
 travagance, was compelled to part with the whole of his 
 Westmorland property. It was purchased by Colonel James 
 Grahme,* whose not uninteresting career may be gathered 
 from the mass of correspondence preserved at Levens and 
 recently investigated and reported upon, together with many 
 ancient deeds of the 12th and 13th centuries, by Mr. Maxwell 
 Lyte, for the Historical Manuscripts Commission. 
 
 The life of the purchaser of Levens, took its colouring from 
 the eventful times in which he lived, and his character can 
 be easily gathered from his letters. As one of the most 
 trusted servants of James the Second, almost certain of a 
 successful career had his master remained on the throne, it 
 is not to be wondered at that after the Revolution in 1689, 
 James Grahme should have secretly leant to the unfortunate 
 party that for so many years hoped and schemed in vain for 
 the restoration of the Stuart dynasty. 
 
 He seems to have been a man of considerable ability and 
 
 * The name is variously spelled Graham, Grahame, and Grahme, but the author 
 has adhered to the way he spelled his name himself, and as it is most frequently 
 spelled in the Levens papers. 
 
2 
 
 some ambition ; a strong character, not easily overpowered by 
 misfortunes of any sort, but imbued with a good deal of 
 caution ; a somewhat useful commodity to Jacobite gentlemen 
 who wished to keep their heads on their shoulders in those 
 days, and one not possessed in the same degree by two of his 
 brothers, the elder whom narrowly escaped execution, while 
 the other was forced to spend his days in exile. 
 
 Colonel Grahme, judging from the pictures known of him, 
 was a decidedly handsome man, tall and thin, with a dark 
 rather melancholy cast of countenance.* 
 
 He is described by Horace Walpole, as having been a 
 fashionable man in his day, and noted for his dry humour, t 
 
 He was born in 1649, and was the second son of Sir George 
 Grahme or Graham of Netherby. His elder brother, to whom 
 he probably owed his early advancement at court, was 
 Richard, created Viscount Preston, by Charles II., who was 
 a Secretary of State in that reign, and afterwards Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of Westmorland and Cumberland.} He married, at 
 the age of 26, Dorothy Howard, daughter of William Howard, 
 a son of Thomas, Earl of Berkshire. 
 
 Mention is made of Grahme in his younger days, and of 
 the circumstances of his marriage, by Evelyn in his journal, 
 who records a journey taken with Mrs. Howard and her 
 daughters to Northampton and afterwards to Oxford, to what 
 would now be called Commemoration — this was in July 1675. 
 " In this journey," he relates, "went part of the way Mr. 
 James Grahme, since Privy Purse to the Duke " (James Duke 
 of York), "a young gentleman exceedingly in love with Mrs. 
 Dorothy Howard, one of the Mayds of Honour§ in our com- 
 pany, I could not but pitty them both, the mother not much 
 
 * There is an excellent picture of him in the Library of Levens Hall, by Sir 
 Peter Lely, also a pencil drawing of him at Elford Hall, in Staffordshire. 
 
 f "Horace Walpole's Reminiscences of the Courts of George 1st and 2nd." 
 Walpole gives a specimen of Colonel Grahme's dry humour on the not very 
 creditable subject of his relationship to the Duchess of Buckingham, a celebrated 
 character of those times, who was very proud of being supposed to be a daughter 
 of James II. See also " Walpole's letters to Sir Horace Mann," (March 14th, 
 1743), ed. Cunningham. Pub. Bentley, Vol. i. 
 
 X 1687. Macaulay's History, Vol. III., p. 60. See also Vol. V. p. 220. 
 
 § To Queen Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II. Sir Thomas Strickland, 
 of Sizergh, was her Privy Purse at one time. 
 
3 
 
 favouring it ; this lady was not only a great beauty, but a 
 most virtuous and excellent creature, and worthy to have 
 been the wife of the best of men . . . . " My advice " 
 he adds, " was required, and I spoke to the advantage of the 
 young gentleman more out of pitty, than that she deserved 
 no .better match, for though he was a gentleman of good 
 family, yet there was a great inequality." 
 
 Previous to this James Grahme had been serving in the 
 French Army ; an interesting passport preserved at Levens, 
 signed by Marshal Turenne, shews him to have held a Cap- 
 tain's commission in the regiment of English auxiliaries, 
 commanded by the unfortunate Duke of Monmouth, and 
 amongst the papers at Levens connected with his career, are 
 various military and other commissions signed by Charles 
 II., Louis XIV., Prince Rupert, and others. 
 
 One is a commission to " Le Sire de Greane" to command 
 two battalions in Monmouth's Regiment already alluded to ; 
 another is a Colonel's commission in Lord Morpeth's Regi- 
 ment, an appointment to the office of Master of the Buck- 
 hounds, another to be Lieutenant of Windsor Forest, the free- 
 dom of the borough of Stirling, the city of Linlithgow, &c. 
 
 He had been educated at Westminister and at Christchurch, 
 Oxford, and Evelyn's remark on the inequality between him 
 and Dorothy Howard would appear quite uncalled for, and 
 it is evident from his purchase of the whole of Alan Belling- 
 ham's property soon after his marriage that, although a 
 younger son, he could not have been a poor man at the time. 
 
 Shortly after the journey to Oxford already mentioned, 
 Grahme and Dorothy Howard were married, and Evelyn 
 alludes to them two years after in his diary as living in 
 apartments at St James' Palace. 
 
 Later, in 1685, we meet with them again at Bagshot, where, 
 until the Revolution, the Stuart Kings had a hunting lodge ; 
 Evelyn was on this occasion on his return from the journey 
 he had taken with Pepys to Portsmouth to inspect the 
 fortifications. " While supper was making ready, I went and 
 made a visit to Mrs. Grahme, sometime Mayd of Honour to 
 ye Queene Dowager, now wife to James Grahme Esq., of the 
 Privy Purse to the King," hejgoes on to describe their Lodg 
 
4 
 
 at Bagshot, with the park full of red deer about it, and their 
 children, the eldest of whom had the small pox, the others 
 being allowed to be with him, Evelyn relates, as Mrs. 
 Grahme considered it best for them to get the disease while 
 young if they were to have it, "the severity of this cruel disease 
 so lately in my poore family, confirming much of what she 
 affirmed." 
 
 A melancholy history is attached to Col. Grahme's children 
 (three sons and two daughters), with the exception of one 
 daughter, his heiress. The eldest, Henry, was elected one 
 of the Knights of the Shire for Westmorland for the Parlia- 
 ment which met in 1700, but there is little to be recorded of 
 his life, which was brought to an early close whilst again in 
 Parliament for the same county,* save the circumstances of 
 his marriage, which was a great trouble to the family. 
 
 A celebrated London actress known by the name of Moll 
 Davis, had attracted the notice of Charles the Second, and 
 had by him a daughter who was called Mary Tudor ; she is 
 spoken of by Pepys in his diary (March 1667), as being an 
 infinitely superior dancer to Nell Gwynn, and some months 
 after he had been to see her on the stage, he speaks of the 
 King being in love with her and taking a house for her, and 
 writes " Miss Davis is now the most impertinent Slut in the 
 world . . . the King gazing at her and my Lady Castle- 
 maine being melancholy and out of humour,"! he adds that 
 she was supposed to be an illegitimate daughter of Lord 
 Berkshire, who was Dorothy Grahme's uncle. 
 
 Mary Tudor was married before she was fourteen to 
 Francis Ratcliff, eldest son of Sir Francis Ratcliff, afterwards 
 Earl of Derwentwater. 
 
 The issue of this marriage was three sons, two of whom 
 perished on the scaffold ; and within a year of the death of 
 her husband, the second Earl of Derwentwater, Henry 
 Grahme married the widow, the daughter of Charles II. and 
 
 * "Henry Grahme, Knight of the Shire for Westmorland is dead." Luttrell's 
 Diary, nth January, 1707. 
 
 t See note on Mary Davis, Grammont's Memoirs, ed., Sir W. Scott. Pepy's 
 Diary, 1666-8. 
 
5 
 
 Moll Davis, who, from the testimony of his uncle the Dean of 
 Wells, and others of the family, was a notoriously bad woman. 
 
 Henry Grahme at this time held an office about the per- 
 son of Prince George of Denmark, but was dismissed from 
 it on his marriage ; on his death his wife was married again 
 within the year, to a son of General Rooke. 
 
 Colonel Grahme's second son, William, the " Captain " 
 of the Levens correspondence, was in the Navy, and served 
 with distinction under Sir George Rooke, who writes in 1704 
 to his father," Mr. Graham has behaved himself deservingly, 
 he was wounded at Gibraltar, but I think he had no hurte 
 in the battle, and I shall be ready to do him any service,'' 
 soon after he got a ship, but his wounds do not appear to 
 have been cured, for there continue to be constant allusions 
 to his lameness and suffering condition, and he died shortly. 
 
 Some ten or twelve years before this, Richard, the young- 
 est son, had sunk into an early grave, and amongst the Levens 
 correspondence is a packet of letters from Hugh Todd, Vicar 
 of Penrith and Canon of Carlisle later, then apparently a 
 college tutor, which forms a complete series describing the 
 illness and suffering of Richard Graham, and his life at 
 Oxford. 
 
 With altered names of persons and places, this correspon- 
 dence was some few years ago compiled into a volume called 
 "A Student Penitent of 1695," by the Rev. Francis Paget." 
 
 Colonel Grahme was thus left with no sons early in life, 
 and on his death, at the age of eighty, his estates passed to 
 his eldest daughter, Catherine, who had married her first 
 cousin Henry Howard, Earl of Berkshire, Deputy Earl 
 Marshal of England. 
 
 But the most stirring times had overtaken this country 
 when Levens passed into the hands of the Grahmes, who 
 were destined to have their full share of them ; and the well 
 known events occurred shortly afterwards which compelled 
 the King to leave his throne and fly from the shores of his 
 Kingdom. 
 
 . * A Student Penitent of 1695. By Rev. F. E. Paget. 8vo. Published by J. 
 Masters and Co. 
 
6 
 
 At this time Col. Grahme, keeper of his Privy Purse, appears 
 to have been the most trusted servant of King James II., 
 whom he accompanied in his flight to Rochester, which is 
 described in a letter preserved at Levens from Sir Stephen 
 Fox to Mrs. Grahme, dated at Whitehall, Dec. 18th, 1688.* 
 
 "Your husband went with the King to Rochester this morn- 
 ing, and he told me that he had no time to write. About one 
 o'clock this morning, the Marquess of Halifax, the Earl of 
 Shewsbury, and Lord Delamere, came to the King from the 
 Prince of Orange, and told him that the Prince desired him 
 to remove to Ham. The King chose Rochester rather, 
 whereupon their Lordships returned about nine o'clock with 
 leave that it might be Rochester. About eleven o'clock the 
 King went in his barges for Gravesend, whither his coaches 
 were sent before. He was attended by three Lords of the 
 Bedchamber, and a Physician, and several others, besides 
 your husband, and a convenient number of household servants 
 and — at his own desire — a hundred of the Prince's foot guards 
 and sixty horse. He is not under any restraint. The Prince 
 arrived at St. James's about three o'clock, resorted to by all 
 who can get in. I was by command left here, extremely 
 troubled for the circumstances of my master. I hope for a 
 happy Parliament. I wish you and Lady Sylvius here, as the 
 safest place, for the rabble is quiet in this city. It is said 
 that they are terrible in many countries."! 
 
 On the very day of his flight, James wrote three brief notes 
 which testify to his confidence in Grahme, contemporary 
 copies of which documents are still at Levens. 
 
 The first, directed to William Chiffinch,J a well known 
 character of the Stuart times, is as follows : 
 
 * Sir Stephen Fox was a devoted adherent to the Stuarts, a great minister, and 
 said to be the wealthiest subject in the kingdom. He lived during the reign of 
 six sovereigns and was the Projector of Chelsea Hospital, towards the building of 
 which he contributed largely. 
 
 f In this and most of the letters quoted the spelling is modernised, and the 
 general sense of the letters and not a literal copy is given in the same way as they 
 are printed for the Historical Manuscripts Commission. 
 
 % Chiffinch's character and position are well drawn in Sir Walter Scott's Peverel 
 of the Peak. So great was the confidence reposed in him that he was the receiver 
 of the secret pensions paid by the court of France to the King, see note to his 
 name in Grammont's Memoirs ed. Walter Scott. 
 
7 
 
 Will Chiffins, 
 
 I suppose you have got in your hands, the service off 
 plate off mine which you kept, put it into James Graham's 
 hands, for my use, as alsoe those things you where a putting 
 up when I came away, and the antiches (antique) watch that 
 was in the same place, and which was off value there, ex- 
 cept pictures. 
 
 Lett him have also the three strong boxes which stood in 
 the outward roome; with what is off value in the Cabinet 
 which stood in the same roome with them, with the books of 
 devotions and prayer books (which) are in any off my closetts 
 with the altar-plate if any were left in the little chapel below 
 stairs, and for soe doing this shall be your discharge. 
 
 JAMES R.* 
 
 Send alsoe the saileing, and fighting instructions, the list oft 
 the sea commanding, and the stablishment off my horse, f 
 
 J. R. 
 
 The second, dated from Rochester, is to Sir William 
 Turner, telling him that James had always found him honest 
 and dared to trust him and desiring him to assist Col. 
 Grahme in securing his share book in the East India and 
 Guinea companies ; and the third written at the same time to 
 Sir Benjamin Bathurst is to the same effect, to assist the 
 Colonel in securing the King's money. 
 
 From the legal documents drawn up at " St. Germaine's en 
 laye " on the 16th of the next month, (January 1689), it 
 appears that the King transferred sums of a value of ^"13000 
 in different securities to James Grahme, and a document in 
 Grahme's own handwriting explains why he did so and the 
 difficulties into which he was thrown, " when the King, my 
 master, went for Rochester, he was refused money by Sir 
 Robert Howard," (auditor of the exchequer), " I did then of 
 my own money and by credit from Sir T. Powis get him 
 6000 ds." the document continues giving an account of 
 
 * This letter is given exactly as written. 
 
 t A letter from James II. to Lord Preston (printed by the Historical 
 Manuscripts Commission. Netherby papers), written soon after this, desires the 
 management of the King's horses to be handed over to Colonel James Grahme. 
 
8 
 
 Grahme's transactions in East India and other stock for the 
 King, and states that " in the end of '91 when I was in some 
 trouble, they got a decree in the exchequer against me, and 
 made me account for the whole and refund." To this is 
 appended a list of some of the presents given by the King, 
 "which paper" adds Grahme "J shewd Lord Treasurer." 
 It is a long list of tolerably handsome presents with such 
 items as " to the two master cooks " (at St. James's), £i\ 10 ; 
 the drummers of the Guards £\o 15; and " to the men that 
 take the carts for the voyage " £1 is. 6d. Part of Grahme's 
 duties as Privy Purse was to provide " healing medals" for 
 those who were touched for the King's evil, and after the 
 Revolution he was called on to repay money had for the pur- 
 pose to the extent of over ^"1000.* 
 
 But probably the most interesting among the Levens 
 papers is one endorsed by Col. Grahme, " King's reasons from 
 Rochester " and which is the original draft in the handwriting 
 of James II, with a few interlineations and alterations, giving 
 his reasons for withdrawing from the country.! 
 
 As soon as his majesty had crossed the channel he writes 
 in a disguised hand to Grahme, a letter which is thus docket- 
 ted by the receiver, " Mr. Bank's 1st letter after his going to 
 Oxford." 
 
 In the Jacobite correspondence at Levens, as will be seen 
 hereafter, names of places and persons were changed, and 
 " Mr. Banks " the name of the Levens steward, often stands 
 for the King. " Oxford " being the name for France. 
 
 [1688, December 25.] " Boulogne. January the 4, 1689. 
 New stile. I arrived safe here this day and have but little to 
 say to you at present but that I am going on to Paris, from 
 whence you shall heare from me when I arrive there. In the 
 meane tyme go to my corispondent that payd you some mony 
 upon my account, and put him in mind of putting the rest of 
 the mony I bad him put unto your hands, that you may 
 returne that, and what you had of myne in your hands, to me 
 as sone as you can, I having present occasion for it, and pray 
 
 * See "Treasury Papers" ed., Redington. 1702, 1707. 
 
 t The corrected version of this original paper is printed in Echard's History of 
 England, vol. iii., p. 940. 
 
9 
 
 remember me to your freind with who I was to have been, if 
 I had stayd. Lett me know a little newse." 
 
 The terms on which the the Privy Purse was with his Royal 
 master are apparent from the fact that the King's last com- 
 munication, in his own writing, on leaving the shores of Eng- 
 land, and the first on his arrival in France, are addressed to 
 James Grahme. 
 
 After the flight of James, although often the object of sus- 
 picion, Colonel Grahme was more fortunate than most of 
 the adherents of the Stuarts, and he continued to retain pos- 
 session of his lodge at Bagshot, and to some office in con- 
 nection with it for some time. A paper at Levens, dated 
 some months after the accession of William, gives an account 
 of 1 08 red deer, moved from Germany into Windsor Park by 
 order of the Prince of Orange, and for which £xi"j was paid 
 by Grahme to Thomas Howard "yeoman of the Toyles." 
 A letter from Hampton Court a few months later speaks of 
 the King (William), accepting with pleasure some dogs sent 
 by Grahme ; and a later one from the same place, of the 
 King having ordered his Master of the Buckhounds to confer 
 with Grahme about the deer at Windsor. 
 
 These letters are from Bentinck, Earl of Portland, one of 
 Williams favourite attendants, and are written in French ; he 
 became Col. Grahme's ultimate succession at Bagshot. 
 
 In the same year as the last letter, Grahme's brother William, 
 the Dean of Wells, writes to him at Levens from Windsor, 
 that he had given the Princess (Anne, afterwards Queen) his 
 message saying he was glad the Lodge could afford her any- 
 thing that was acceptable, and that the Princess sending her 
 thanks enquired how long he and his family would stay at 
 Levens, adding " your keeper is here, and has brought me 
 some fruit and rabbits." 
 
 In 1700 the Dean again writes to Grahme at Levens, " I 
 gave your duty to the Princesse, and said that you would 
 send her some Char, she thanked you and asked how you 
 and your family were and if you intended to fix in the country 
 and I answered in the affirmative." 
 
 Col. Grahme had good reasons for " fixing in the country 
 in those days of suspicions and intrigues, for during the last 
 
IO 
 
 few years he had been more than once proclaimed for High 
 Treason, as will be seen hereafter, and a sign of the times can 
 be seen in a letter written in the same year by the Duke of 
 Hamilton to him at Levens, dated from Holyrood, telling him 
 the Duke had shewn a letter of Grahme's to the High Com- 
 missioner, " for upon very small grounds storms are made, as 
 if the bearer came hither upon some mysterious intrigue," the 
 Duke ends by saying when he goes into Lancashire he will 
 not fail fo see Levens. 
 
 This was the celebrated Duke of Hamilton, who afterwards 
 was appointed ambassador extraordinary to the court of 
 France, and in all probability lost his life in consequence, as 
 the Whigs were alarmed on the supposition that he favoured 
 the Pretender,* which seems probable from his correspondence 
 and intimacy with Grahme and other Jacobites. Lord Mohun, 
 who had been twice tried for murder, and (according to Smol- 
 lett), " was counted a mean tool as well as a hector of the Whig 
 party," after picking a quarrel with Hamilton, challenged him, 
 and they fought in Hyde Park with such fury that both were 
 killed. Mohun's second, Macartney, was said to have stab- 
 bed the Duke from behind. The Duke's second was Colonel 
 Hamilton, who had engaged and disarmed Macartney during 
 the duel between their principals. 
 
 This duel made an immense sensation in England at the 
 time, and those who have read Thackeray's " Esmond," will 
 no doubt remember the description of the fight, and the 
 graphic scene where Swift brings the news of the duel to Lord 
 Bolingbroke.f Lord Mohun's character is well known from 
 the same work. 
 
 There are at Levens many letters from the Duke of Hamil- 
 ton to Grahme, one is written very shortly before the tragedy 
 above mentioned (in 171 2). " Her majesty has made me 
 master of the ordnance, and has appointed me to go into 
 France to negotiate some affairs and to be her ambassador 
 extraordinary at the Peace. This last is a great honour but 
 
 * Smollett's Hist, of England. Vol. ii. 
 
 t The History of Harry Esmond, by W. M. Thackeray. (The characters of 
 Bolingbroke, Hamilton, and several of Col. Grahme's correspondents are well drawn 
 n this masterpiece of Thackeray's). 
 
1 1 
 
 attended with many difficulties, which without the Colonel's 
 effectual assistance I shall never be able to get through." 
 
 The Tories roundly accused the Whigs of murdering* the 
 Duke. Macartney, who had escaped and for whom heavy 
 rewards were offered, returned, and was tried and acquitted, 
 but the Duke of Marlborough who had been widely accused as 
 being the author of the mischief, retired to the Continent.* 
 
 An amusing letter from Hamilton to Grahme, at Levens, 
 says " the proceedings with you about our affairs are above 
 my comprehension, they put me in mind of what I have heard 
 of the Peace of Ryswick, when- it was said that it was»like the 
 Peace of God, which passes all understanding. 
 
 Colonel Grahme however, in spite of the intrigues with 
 which he was surrounded, was a cautious man, and unlike his 
 elder brother, went somewhat on the principle of " Le Roi est 
 mort, vive le Roi." He appears to have made the best of cir- 
 cumstances after the deposition of James, and although a 
 staunch Jacobite at heart, which he remained for the rest of 
 his life, he succeeded tolerably well in evading any very serious 
 trouble, though he appears to have had several narrow escapes. 
 
 It is recorded in " Luttrell's Diary" on the day on which 
 Lord Preston was sentenced to death for High Treason, 
 "great search has been made for the Bishop of Ely, but it is 
 said he and Col. Grahme, Lord Preston's brother, are gott 
 over into France.! " 
 
 On the 6th of the following month, 'a proclamation is issued 
 against them, and the Attorney General has orders to pro- 
 secute Col. Grahme for high treason, but in February, the 
 following year, he receives their Majesty's pardon. 
 
 Within three months, however, there is another proclama- 
 tion out against him, J in company with Lord Scarsdale and 
 many others. 
 
 Grahme and Scarsdale surrendered soon after, and were 
 admitted to bail, and in November of the same year Luttrell 
 mentions Grahme as being continued on his own recogniz- 
 ances at the King's Bench, but nothing was ever finally 
 proved against him. 
 
 * Smollett's History. 
 
 t Luttrell's Diary, Jan. 19, 1691. 
 
 % Ditto May 11, 1692. 
 
12 
 
 In 1696 he again was in difficulties. 
 
 A plot to murder King William was discovered, and many 
 Jacobities were arrested and imprisoned on suspicion, amongst 
 whom was James Grahme, the warrant from the Privy Coun- 
 cil for his arrest and committal to the Fleet Prison, for 
 suspicion of high treason, being amongst the Levens papers. 
 Evelyn gives an account of this plot in his journal, and 
 mentions visiting Grahme in "the Fleete." 
 
 Several of the conspirators were executed, including Sir 
 John Fenwick, who had married Lady Mary Howard, sister 
 to Lady Preston, whose husband, Grahme's elder brother, had 
 some years before this been committed to the Tower, tried at 
 at the Old Bailey and sentenced to death for treason, but had 
 been pardoned. 
 
 Colonel Grahme escaped with a short imprisonment, and 
 was soon released without trial. His brother Fergus, who 
 had also suffered for his devotion to the Stuarts, writes to him 
 at this time advising him to settle at Levens and keep as 
 quiet as he can. 
 
 Fergus Grahme had fled the country soon after the acces- 
 sion of William, he appears to have been a very able man, 
 being probably in all the plots and secrets of the Jacobites, 
 and was carefully watched by the government at home. His 
 letters to his brother James from 1693 to 1720, give an in- 
 sight into the many shifts and privations to which the followers 
 of James II were driven in their thankless service. 
 
 Fergus was of sufficient importance that when he arrives at 
 Brussels in 1699, the Prince de Berge is " commanded by the 
 Duke of Bavaria to order me to leave Bruxelle the next 
 day." He writes that he is deserted by all except his brother 
 James, and complains of great poverty, when the King (James) 
 cuts off his pension, though permission to return home is still 
 withheld, (1709). 
 
 Colonel Grahme took his brother's advice and continued to 
 live quietly at Levens, devoting his time to country affairs, 
 still however carrying on a more or less treasonable correspon- 
 dence with his old friends, Jacobites of a more or less pro- 
 nounced character, some busy plotters, others merely those 
 hoping for a restoration of the House of Stuart during or after 
 the reign of Anne. 
 
13 
 
 Amongst his correspondence preserved at Levens, are letters 
 from the Duke of Hamilton, the Earls of Peterborough, Car- 
 lisle, and Thanet ; Lords Bolingbroke, Middleton, Weymouth, 
 Godolphin, Gower, Lonsdale, Sir George Rooke, Bishops Ken, 
 Turner, Atterbury, Fell, Kettlewell ; William Wycherly, and 
 other men of eminence. 
 
 Some letters are in cipher, to which the key is luckily 
 present ; the cipher consisting in the substitution of one letter 
 for another and of numbers to represent certain names, and 
 alterations of others. 
 
 A somewhat similar cipher was found on Ashton, who was 
 tried with Lord Preston for treason and executed.* The 
 following is the one used by Grahme and his correspondents. 
 
 " My Oxford Cypher. 
 
 DYOMETRICAL B 
 FGHKNPQSVWXZ. 
 
 K[ing] Jam[es] - - - 19 
 
 K[ing] Luies - - - - 13 
 
 K[ing] William - 17 
 
 * Portsmouth - - - - 25 
 
 Gibjoun - - - - 15 
 
 Deall - - - - - 23 
 
 Waugh - - - - 11 
 
 \ L d Middelton - - - - 10 
 
 } L d Melfourd - - - - 16 
 
 Ld Brudenall - - - 14 
 
 Mr. Grahem - - - - 18 
 
 My Genny - - - 9 
 
 Rosey - - - - - 8 
 
 Bishops - - - 7 
 
 J Trotter - Melfort. 
 
 Dobson - Renodau. 
 
 Sydick - Coorsy. [Courcy] . 
 
 Bonson - - K [ing Lew [is] . 
 
 Arthur (or Artlye) - K [ing] J [ames] . 
 
 * See " State Trials," Vol. iv., p. 444- Also Lord Preston's letters. Netherby 
 papers, (Hist, Man, Com.) 
 
 f Lord Middleton, see Macaulay's Hist. ch. xx. 
 X Lord Melfort, Macaulay's Hist. ch. v. 
 
Toncroft - - - Ld Midleton. 
 
 Lindsy - - - Robertson. 
 
 Simpson Jones - - Roberts. 
 
 Crosby - - - Clinch." 
 
 Many extraordinary names of persons and things also occur, 
 probably written not only for purposes of disguise, but being 
 part of a sort of slang vocabulary used amongst Col. Grahme's 
 set, some of the lerters being in consequence quite unin- 
 telligable, of which some specimens are given hereafter as 
 " curiosities of literature."" An illustration of the cipher is as 
 follows : — 
 
 " June ye 3rd. 
 
 Mr. Chapman's note was shew'dto Mr. Bankes, who assures 
 you of his friendshipe. When you goe out o' town he would 
 be glad you could leave some directions about transmitting 
 the accts. mentioned. Ther will be no*need of sending E w 
 cjzhqqhai except they relate to ye F c p n g Awqqi. 
 
 None can love you more than 10." 
 Which is thus translated : — 
 
 " Col. Grahme's note was shewnto the King, who assures you 
 of his friendship. When you go out of town he would be 
 glad if you could leave some directions about transmitting the 
 accounts mentioned. There will be no need of sending Nar- 
 borow's except they relate to the Dutch wars. 
 
 None can love you more than 
 
 MIDDLETON." 
 
 Sir John Narborough, a strong Jacobite, was at that time a 
 Commissioner of the Navy. 
 
 Here is another specimen : — 
 
 " April ye 7th. 
 
 I may say to you that my silence has proceeded from my 
 respect, with more truth than ever it was said to a Lady. 
 " 19 (Lord Brudenell) desires to have ye collection of I n w 
 
 * For similar letters and expressions, and the use of ciphers amongst Jacobites, 
 see "letters of Francis Atterbury" by Glover, pub. Wright, 1847. Also "Stuart 
 Papers at Windsor " by the same author. 
 
*5 
 
 shiqewi. (sea journals) wch were left with X. F w q p 
 k h i p o " (Lord Dartmouth), etc., etc., ending " we are all 
 well. Much yrs. My service to ye Grandmaster of ye Jerkers. 
 
 " 10." (MIDDLETON). 
 So in other letters Kwqiowxx F n i p q n n is Marshall 
 Destree ;Femn Wxznkwqxn, Dnke Albemarle, etc. 
 King James is "Mr. Banks," sometimes " your lawyer," or 
 " the Knight." Col. Grahme is " Sir Humphry Pallsworth," 
 " Sir Paull," or most frequently " Mr. James Chapman." 
 
 Several of the most eminent of the non-juring clergy were 
 amongst Grahme' s most intimate friends. 
 
 In the library at Levens are books inscribed as the gift of 
 Kettlewell, while very many letters contain messages from 
 Thomas Ken,* the deprived Bishop of Bath and Wells, a 
 frequent visitor at Levens, as may be seen from the corres- 
 pondence, there room he occupied there, being to this day called 
 "the Bishop's room." 
 
 The following extract from a letter from Lord Gower, is a 
 specimen of the curious and quaint jargon in which much 
 of the Levens correspondence is couched : — 
 
 " The Cracovian peer pretends to great information, and 
 assures us that Augustin's measures will not hinder Stanislaus, 
 ("Stanislaus" is reported in another letter as likely to be 
 Master of the Horse), " from having all his friends about him. 
 Lord Shatterino has left my Lady to treat all the tradesmen, 
 and, being a man of method, has committed to writing every 
 day's bill of Fare, and the company for it. The Butcher, the 
 Baker, and the Fruit woman dined to-day, and the Chandler, 
 Shoo maker, (sic) and another, tomorrow." 
 
 The same nobleman ; in a letter to Colonel Grahme from 
 Belvoir Castle, dated September 13th, 1704, outdoes all the 
 other puzzling communications of the same kind : — 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 " I received ye favour of yr letter from a servant of Lord 
 Annandale. 
 
 " The condition he found me in deprived me of the honour 
 
 * Bishop Ken. See Macaulay's History of England. Vol v., p. 79. 
 
i6 
 
 and satisfaction of his (Ld A's) company. This is almost the 
 first use I have made of my hands these three weeks ; having 
 been fed like a child, most part of the time, and acknowledge 
 with shame the receipt of a former letter which followed me 
 to Belvoir. 
 
 * I intended writing to you so soon as I came to this place, to 
 claim a certain promise you made me, but upon my first com- 
 ing hither I was entertained with an Advertisement from ye 
 Bath of ye Seven Wonders of ye World; and tho' Sir Hump- 
 hey Polesworth (Colonel Grahme) had not been named to be 
 in ye chaire, I could have sworn safely to his being there, and 
 to his stile and manner, I am much at a loss for a key (so) that I 
 shall hardly sleep till I hear from you againe, I beseeche you to 
 explain what is meant by Harlequin and his three brothers, 
 lately arrived from France in an Owler ; what by the dances 
 on the high rope by ye five Prophets newly come from- : the 
 Cevennes, who dance without poles, or anything to Ballance 
 them. Who is meant by the first, booted and spurred in a 
 Jockey dress ? who the second, in a Parchment suit embroid- 
 ered with figures monstrous and characters dire ? or the 
 third, in a coat of patchwork, part of a sanguine hue, and part 
 title-pages, with an inner garment of slight stuff? and who 
 the fourth, with a Trident ? or fifth, with a Bagpipe before 
 him ? Prithee, explain ye meaning of ye four names between 
 Bambouzelbergius ? late Secretarye to the Emperor of Japan, 
 and Rufullwrinklephiz, the magician : why the first is 
 mounted on a white elephant, and armed in brass ; and ye 
 other on a sorrell Dromedary, only in tin ? and explain to me 
 the crooked and surprising figure of the weapons, the like 
 whereof were never seen in England, and what metal you 
 really believe them to be made of. Explain the piece in 
 Perspective, the man and his wife fastened back to back ; 
 the Wonders of the Peake ; the entire mummie ; and ye En- 
 chanted Island, where Duke Trinculo, and ye faire partner of 
 his bed, Sycorax, are so well represented with their princely 
 issue, their great traine of favourites, spies, .... and 
 other beggars on horseback. As I look upon this to be'your 
 Masterpiece, I keep it with great care and hope you will not 
 refuse me the key I desire. If you do, I protest 'I will print 
 
i7 
 
 the whole piece, with Sr. Humphrey Polesworth's name at 
 the top, with an Epistle Dedicatory to superficiall. I should 
 have been more particular after Albano, and his Paludigerous 
 Squire Baldicaron, Plunderalion, and Andrew Bristo ? but 
 any enquiry after these few particulars, I expect shall lead 
 you to an explanation of the whole. Morley is here with me, 
 and much your servant. And I hope you will believe nobody 
 is with greater sincerity than your faithful servant," 
 
 GOWER. 
 
 To James Graham, Esqr., at Levens 
 near Kendale, Westmorland." 
 
 Many other aliases and quaint names occur, the meaning 
 of which it is impossible to discover from the Levens papers, 
 though a comparison with similar letters of the same time, 
 such as Atterbury's,* might give a clue to the meaning of 
 some of the expressions. Their historical interest however, 
 would probably not be sufficient to repay the search, for both 
 the persons and the facts thus carefully hidden were, after 
 all, for the most part, of such second-rate importance, or 
 merely passing interest, that history would not care to 
 preserve them. 
 
 Mr. Hampden writing London news to his friend Grahme 
 at Christmas 1716, thus brings many of these terms together, 
 which are scattered over other letters. 
 
 "The Tritonians, Timberlins, Demetrions etc., are all 
 too busy to allow me to converse with them. The Florentine 
 and Ld. Carteret present their service. I believe the Giggs 
 are almost over for the present ... I suppose you hear 
 by the prints of the restraint laid upon the Cockers for preach- 
 ing. I often go to the Arks but those who keep them are 
 invisible to me.". 
 
 Col. Grahme had probably less difficulty in avoiding 
 trouble from his Jacobite proclivities in Westmorland than in 
 most other parts, ! as from many local letters the new govern- 
 ment does not seem to have been very popular in the north. 
 Hugh James writes from Levens to Grahme in 1693 "Col. 
 
 * See note page 14. 
 
 f Lancashire and adjoining- districts were the ehief strongholds of the Jacobite 
 party (see Macaulay's History, vol. viii.) 
 
i8 
 
 Levestone's regiment of dragoons came into Kendal, they had 
 been hectoring at Sizergh ; " a few days later "they are yet 
 very civil, I hope they will offer no ill thing to the Park; " 
 again the following year " to-day a Dutch troop has come to 
 quarter in Kendal, I hope they may be civil, but they shall 
 not have one pile of hay from me unless they take it by 
 force." 
 
 The Grahmes were certianly very popular in Kendal in 
 spite of their troubles with the government. 
 
 Timothy Banks writes to the Colonel very few years after 
 he had been in prison on suspicion of treason, that Sir 
 Richard Sandford and Dr. Fleming, having come to Kendal 
 to " make interest " for the election, when Fleming asked the 
 freeholders to shout " a Sandford and a Fleming," they 
 almost all shouted " a Grahme and a Musgrave." This was 
 on the occasion of the County Election, in December 1701, 
 when Grahme's son was elected, Sir Christopner Musgrave, 
 his friend, was on that occasion defeated, getting 528 votes. 
 Henry Grahme got 584, and was returned with Sir R. Sand- 
 ford, who headed the poll with 652 votes. The number of 
 electors who voted being probably about 1154.* 
 
 Musgrave, like most Westmorland gentlemen at that time, 
 had friends in the Stuart cause, and a letter from Mr, 
 Banks during the previous election speaks of it being re- 
 ported in the County that " his friend Archdeacon Nicol- 
 son had been committed for treason." 
 
 In those days elections in Westmorland were fought out 
 more between the representatives of the rival houses of Low- 
 ther and Tufton than between Whigs and Tories. 
 
 The Levens papers supply much that is interesting about 
 the Parliamentary representation of the county and Apple- 
 by. Other local affairs are also noticed at considerable 
 length, and the works executed by Colonel Grahme in the 
 old house and especially the gardens at Levens, are fully 
 described in a series of letters extending over several years, 
 
 *That is to say, the four candidates contesting the two seats got 2,308 votes be- 
 tween them. The following year 2,006 votes were polled ; and in May, 1708,2,403 
 votes were polled for three candidates; Daniel Wilson and James Grahme being 
 the successful ones (From old Poll Books at Levens). 
 
 The Westmorland Election of 1701 was an important one (see Macaulay's 
 History, vol. viii.) 
 
19 
 
 extracts from which, referring to Beaumont,* Colonel Grahme's 
 gardener, and his works, are given by Mr. Weston in his 
 admirable little History of Levens Hall.f 
 
 These gardens, which remain in their original state, and 
 are vividly described in Lord Stanhope's History of England, J 
 as being the best existing specimen of their style in this coun- 
 try, were Colonel Grahme's principal inprovement to the old 
 hall he had bought from the Bellinghams ; but it seems 
 probable that some of the yews and perhaps a smaller garden 
 had existed before the arrival of M. Beaumont ; as in a plan of 
 the house and gardens, which is remarkably accurate, and was 
 taken not more than twenty years after Beaumont's improve- 
 ments, the largest yew summer house, clipped in the shape 
 of a wig, and adorned with a portrait of a gentleman (said to 
 be Colonel Grahme), was then a large and high feature of 
 the garden, which evidently must have been planted before 
 Beaumont's time, unless the drawing should be wrong. 
 
 Several of the old bowls also which are still used on the bow- 
 ling green have the Bellingham crest upon them in addition to 
 one or more pairs of James Grahme's and Lord Thanet's, but 
 what the extent or style of the Levens garden was before M. 
 
 # His picture on the staircase at Levens, apparently Dutch, has the following- 
 inscription on it : "M. Beaumont, gardener to King- James II. and Col. James 
 Grahme. He laid out the gardens at Hampton Court and at Levens." 
 
 The gardener's house is still called " Beaumont Hall." 
 
 f Published by Atkinson and Pollitt, Kendal. 
 
 X Stanhope's history of England, vol. v. p. 500. "The progress of good taste 
 in England during the last hundred years has been in nothing more signally shown 
 than in gardens and pleasure grounds. There is a striking remark of Lord Bacon on 
 the subject : ' Further, a man shall see that when ages advance in civility and polite- 
 ness, men come to build stately sooner than to g-arden finely, as if gardening was 
 the greater perfection ; ' yet Bacon himself may be considered to afford an 
 instance of the inferior taste which he commemorates, when in his Essay on 
 Gardens, he goes on to recommend for his model, a perfect square, intersected by 
 trimmed hedges. Later in his century, the examples of France and Holland led 
 us to still more fantastic ornaments, and still more formal symmetry ; but the 
 early years of George III. beheld a great reaction. So complete has it proved that 
 at present throughout the whole of England there remains perhaps scarcely more 
 than one private garden presenting in all its parts an entire and true sample of 
 the old designs, this is at the fine old seat of Levens near Kendal. 
 
 " There along a wide extent of terraced walks and walls, eagles of holly and pea- 
 cocks of yew still find with each returning summer their wings clipped and their 
 talons pared. There, a stately remnant of the old promenoirs — such as the 
 Frenchmen taught our fathers, rather I would say to build than plant — along which 
 in days of old, stalked the gentlemen with periwigs and swords, the ladies in 
 hoops and furbelows — may still to this day be seen." 
 
20 
 
 Beaumont took it in hand, is not easy to gather from the 
 records of his alterations.* 
 
 Beaumont's enlargement and laying out of the gardens 
 in the stiff " topiary " style then in fashion was almost 
 all that Colonel Grahme did at Levens, the house being 
 left very much the same as it had been under the Belling- 
 hams, who had altered and decorated the interior in the 
 Elizabethan style, with the exception of the large staircase 
 in the hall, and other minor alterations which are noticed 
 by Mr. Weston in his history as being Grahme's work. 
 The outside appearance of the house at the present day, 
 when compared with its accurate representation in the 
 plan alluded to above, shows us that the main building has 
 in no way changed in appearance since it was the scene of 
 the plottings and more or less treasonable proceedings of the 
 Grahmes, and their Jacobite friends. The general state of 
 the country round m those days may be inferred by a single 
 extract from a letter from Sir E. Seymour to Colonel Grahme 
 in 1706 " I am informed," he writes " that there is no passage 
 for a coach to Whitehaven by Levens, a worser country for 
 people and travellers I never met withall." 
 
 When Alan Bellingham sold Levens, he was at the time 
 member for Westmorland. Fifteen years later Henry Grahme, 
 whose career has already been alluded to, was returned for 
 the county in two short-lived parliaments, he was displaced 
 by Sir Christopher Musgrave, but re-elected in 1705; two 
 years afterwards he was succeeded by his father who had sat 
 for Appleby in the parliaments of 1702, 1705, and 1707. 
 Colonel Grahme was elected as one of the Knights of the 
 Shire for Westmorland in the parliaments chosen in the 
 
 * Extracts from Alan Bellingham's diary at Levens (the original being at 
 Castle Bellingham in Ireland), make frequent allusions to their games of bowls, 
 generally after dinner, also to shooting fat bucks in the park and "hunting an 
 outlyer and bringing him into the park," and killing him "after seeing excellent 
 sporte both by land and water." 
 
 Levens Park is one of the oldest deer parks in England, still existing as such ; 
 being the only one left of fifteen parks which were round Kendal in the sixteenth 
 century. (Leland's " Itinerary." Saxton's map, 1576). 
 
 It was originally enclosed by licence in the 34th year of Edward III., '1360) at 
 which time Matthew de Redman (who represented Westmorland in Parliament in 
 1357), owned Levens (Cal. Pat. Rolls). 
 
 The acreage for which the licence to impark was granted in 1360 is almost the 
 same as the present acreage of the park (1886) with the addition of the fields on 
 the south of the oak avenue, round which however the ancient park fence is 
 distinctly traceable. 
 
21 
 
 years 1708, 1710, 1713, 1714 and 1722, and there is much in- 
 teresting correspondence relating to the elections and the 
 state of feeling in Westmorland in those days, for which 
 there is not room in this paper except by way of passing 
 allusion: thus in 1700 Grahme, writing to a freeholder to 
 clear himself and his son from aspersions on their religion, 
 is very indignant at the late Lord Lonsdale for recommend- 
 ing his uncle as a member, saying " I never heard tha 
 Knights of the Shire were disposed of by will ; he also is 
 angry with Lord Carlisle who favors Major Lowther, saying 
 "it is a new thing for any man who has no lands in a new 
 country to concern himself in elections there." 
 
 In the same year Henry Grahme writes to a freeholder in 
 Westmorland " I do not intend to offer myself for any place 
 but the county, I persist in my resolution, tho' I was not 
 born at Lowther nor ever had the honor to be a Major of 
 Trainbands." Lord Thanet supported Henry Grahme who 
 was returned, he also supported his father two years later 
 when he was returned for Appleby. Timothy Banks, the 
 steward, writes to Colonel Grahme announcing his son's 
 election and adds " he would have lost it entirely but for 
 Lord Thanet' s interest," and soon after writing from Kendal, 
 he expresses the desire of the Kendal weavers that Colonel 
 Grahme should promote a petition to parliament from the 
 corporation, reminding him how heartily the Kendal cor- 
 poration had supported his son in his election, the petition 
 being that the law with regard to persons not being allowed to 
 set up any trade without having served seven years apprentice- 
 ship should be repealed. In 1704 when Henry Grahme was 
 again standing for the county, John Brougham writes to his 
 father " I hope Kendal will prove true . . , I have asked 
 the freeholders to give one vote to Mr. Grahme and reserve 
 the other for the present. Mr. Lowther has been to Kendal 
 to make interest." Six years later, when Colonel Grahme 
 was representing Westmorland in parliament, John Brougham 
 writes to him " your vote for the Doctor (Sacheverell)* has 
 
 * Dr. Sacheverell, a political clergyman, was tried at the bar of the House of 
 Lords for preaching a sermon warning the people oi danger to the church ; he was 
 forbidden to preach for three years, and became a popular hero and martyr, 
 eventually reaping large benefits from the public excitement he had stirred up. 
 
22 
 
 made even your enemies your friends, and your health is the 
 first drunk in all companies in Cumberland and Westmor- 
 land," another, letter expressing the satisfaction of his 
 constituents on the same subject is from Allan Wilson. In 
 1 71 7 a letter from Appleby tells Grahme that he was elected 
 to the office of Mayor by a great majority "in spite of the 
 Castle and Mr. Hall" the same correspondent informs him 
 that the Duke of Wharton heartily recommended him to the 
 electors at a banquet given by the Duke at Appleby/ 1 ' 
 
 This was before the last election in which Colonel Grahme 
 was returned to parliament for his county. 
 
 A letter from one Richard Braithwaite to him at this time 
 gives some insight into local affairs in Westmorland. Brai- 
 thwaite had not been well treated by the Lowthers and writes 
 " Injustice of accusations. Lord Lonsdale's father would 
 not have made so great a figure in life if I had not largely 
 contributed to it. At the time of the Revolution, Sir John 
 Lowther wrote a tragical letter to me late one night, saying 
 that the disbanded Irish were coming upon us, and desiring 
 me to meet him at Orton the next morning. I marched to 
 that place with about five hundred horse and foot, and so to 
 Kendal, while Sir John was at Kirkby Lonsdale. So again 
 at the regulation of the coin [in 1696] , the mob at Kendal 
 threatened to burn Lowther, which put him in a great fright. 
 I then joined him at Rownthwaite with above two hundred 
 horse to suppress the mob, he having not above forty." 
 
 With regard to the riots in 1696 above mentioned, Timothy 
 Banks writing to Grahme says the rioters came to Sizergh and 
 Levens, and at the latter place his wife gave them five shil- 
 lings, a cheese, and a great quantity of bread ; they did no harm, 
 but on their return to Kendal abused the Mayor and knocked 
 down the Recorder. He writes soon after concerning them, 
 confirming Braithwaite's letter above mentioned written 
 twenty-five years later. 
 
 " Lord Lonsdale did not leave his own house until he had 
 been to Kendal, and he had no disturbance. On Friday last 
 
 * There is a letter from nine townspeople of Appleby to James Grahme, thanking 
 him for the " vessels of sanctuary " presented by him to their church in 1705. 
 
^3 
 
 the horse met him at Rownthwaite, and guarded him to 
 Kendal, where Sir Daniel Fleming met him with his company 
 of foot. They examined the prisoners, who said that they 
 had not 305. among them. They laid the blame on some 
 mercers who had among themselves proposed to take shil- 
 lings in trade at iod., gd., or 8d. apiece, according to size. 
 Some tradesmen are bound over to sessions for taking shillings 
 at lod. and paying the same at i2d. apiece. The mob owned 
 they would have gone to Lowther and Rydal. Nine of the 
 ringleaders were sent to Appleby under a strong guard. The 
 Deputy Lieutenants recommended people to take and pay 
 " narrow money " by weight at 55. 2d., per oz. Now we are 
 quiet." 
 
 More letters follow complaining of the bad times, in one 
 of which he says (in September 1696), " Money is every day 
 worse and worse. There is not a farthing to be had. About 
 three weeks ago sixpences with a ring on, and shillings with 
 some letters on, would have gone, but if ever shears have been 
 on either they will not. Men cannot sell their beasts for 
 ready money." The reader will observe how little change 
 two centuries make at Levens, for the steward is still Mr. 
 Banks, and still (1886) writes to the owner that " men cannot 
 sell their beasts for ready money." 
 
 Those who know the place may be interested in a letter 
 from Timothy Banks dated a few days before Christmas 1703, 
 describing a fire at Levens, by which the old house narrowly 
 escaped destruction " your honour will receive by this post 
 severall letters about the sad and sudden accident wch fell 
 out at Levens on Tuesday morning last, I must say it was 
 theg reatest mercy that my lady and the young ladies (Cath- 
 erine, afterwards Lady Berkshire, and Mary Grahme) were 
 not burnt in their beds, as to the particulars of how much 
 was burnt — both the kitchings, the larder, my lady's closets, 
 her chamber, and the room where the linen was laid were 
 burnt downe and the halfe ot Mrs. Sarah's chamber was 
 broken down to save the fire from going further into the stair- 
 case, there were two great beames that lay over the furthest 
 kitching that were burnt to pieces, when you see it you 
 will wonder the house was not on fire before, ffor in the 
 
24 
 
 roome where Mrs. Sarah lay that chimney was built upon 
 wood, and now it descovers that the piece of timber that 
 lay under the hearth was burnt quite through before now 
 
 we saved the bookes 
 and papers in your Honours closet. I believe that none will 
 be wanting. The accident was sad and molancholy, but 
 certainly a great mercie that any in the house was saved. 
 The fire was extinguished with the greatest industry and 
 care that could be in this country, and the damage only the 
 two Kitchings and the Larder betwixt, and the roomes over 
 'em burnt to the ground. When you see I am confident you 
 will be well pleased that there was no greater destruction. 
 I bless God my Lady and younge Ladies are in good health 
 and hearty ; only my Lady hurte her ancle in the fire, but I 
 thank God she is pretty well of it againe." 
 
 There are some interesting letters at Levens to Colonel 
 Grahme from his nephew Metcalfe, (who had been first in 
 the navy and later was aide-de-camp to the Duke of Marl- 
 borough), on the subject of Marlborough's campaigns; one 
 describing the battle of Blenheim is as follows : 
 
 " After a hot dispute we have obtained an entire victory. 
 We have taken twenty-seven battalions of foot and twelve 
 squadrons of dargoons, besides other prisoners.* The French 
 are weaker by this battle by 30,000 men. What makes the 
 victory more glorious is our passing to attack them with two 
 rivulets in their front and a strong village on each flank. 
 Their army was twenty battalions stronger than ours and 
 only thirty squadrons weaker. M. Tallard declared that if 
 they durst confide upon their intelligence that Prince Lewis 
 was left to besiege Ingoldstadt, they would have fallen upon 
 us in our camp the day before. Lord Marlborough sent for 
 me two days after this business, and told me that he had 
 taken notice of me all day, took me by the hand, and promised 
 to take care of me as long as he lived. I serve as aide-de- 
 camp to General Lumley," 
 
 A few months before the battle, Robert Harleyf writing to 
 
 * August 13, 1704, the French were defeated with a loss about 27,000 killed and 
 13,000 prisoners, including Marshal Tallard then commander. 
 
 •f Robert Harley was a Secretary of State, and one of the most powerful 
 leaders in the House of Commons (Macaulay's History, vol. viii., p. 165). He 
 was afterwards Earl of Oxford and Lord Treasurer. 
 
25 
 
 Grahme had said : " You may well call me a new courtier, 
 I shall scarce ever attain to be an old one unless I have the 
 favour of some of your precepts. Orders have been given to 
 the Lord Keeper to remove Fleming. The Duke of Marl- 
 borough's march is the only thing to save the empire. 
 Whether Prince Lewis of Baden will fight, or have the gout, 
 a few days will show." 
 
 Another account of Blenheim is from the Earl of Peter- 
 borough, who writes : 11 My son, Lord Mordaunt, was wounded 
 in the battle. Such a rout was never heard of. It happened 
 by the impatience of our men. The soldiers in the second 
 line would have their share of fighting, and their officers 
 could not hinder them from running up into the intervals of 
 the first line. This obliged the French to do the same, and 
 made it such a confused fight that there could be no regular 
 retreat. Thirty squadrons of the gens d'armes of the house- 
 hold and best horse of France were forced into the Danube, 
 and hardly any were saved. Twenty-six battalions taken 
 prisoners, and twelve squadrons of dragoons, fourteen general 
 officers, and twelve hundred others. Sir Christopher Mus- 
 grave and I 1 were not always of opinion,' but there was so 
 much of the sturdy Englishman in him that I always wished 
 him well." 
 
 Metcalfe Grahme writes to his uncle at Levens two years 
 after, describing the battle of Ramilies. The letter is written 
 from the camp at Arselle, and dated a fortnight after the day 
 on which the fight took place, and is to the following effect : 
 " Our successes are beyond imagination. A large country has 
 fallen to us in consequence of one battle. Never was victory 
 . more easily got, or better followed. They stayed not long 
 enough to make the slaughter great, but the closeness of 
 the pursuit has made amends. Yesterday the Duke had a 
 letter from the King of Spain, saying that their fleet dis- 
 appeared at the approach of ours. The marshal retired with 
 so much precipitation that he left all his sick and wounded, 
 120 cannon, 40 mortars, 4,000 barrels of powder, 15,000 sacks 
 of corn, and other provisions for four months. According to 
 several letters the Duke of Anjon is at Perpignan. My Lord 
 is very civil, but it is hard to make one's fortune by so 
 cowardly an enemy, for we have no vacancies made by the 
 
26 
 
 battle in the English horse. We have detached to take 
 Antwerp." * 
 
 In after years the Duke of Marlborough was widely 
 accused of making his own fortune by vacancies amongst his 
 officers not by promotion, as Metcalfe Grahme means in his 
 letter, but by allowing unnecessary losses to occur among 
 officers in order to be enabled to sell their commissions. Lord 
 Powlett brought this no doubt unjust accusation publicly 
 against him in 17 12, and was in consequence challenged by 
 the Duke, but the duel was prevented. At Malplaquet, 
 the last and most bloody battle of the campaign, Metcalfe 
 Grahme served as aide-de-camp to Marlborough. He brought 
 home the despatches announcing the victory, amongst them 
 being a letter to the High Treasurer Lord Godolphin, his 
 uncle's friend and frequent correspondent, written by the 
 Duke on the day of the battle, and speaking highly of 
 his services.' 1 ' Soon after the battle of Ramilies, Henry St. 
 John, afterwards Viscount Bolingbroke, and perhaps, with 
 the exception of Marlborough, the greatest Englishman of his 
 time, writes two interesting letters to Colonel Grahme. He 
 was at the time Secretary at War in Lord Godolphin's ad- 
 ministration. 
 
 " A peace may be made," he writes " and more leisure fall 
 to my share, or I may happen to fall on the slippery ground 
 of a court, and roll down to this quiet place (Bucklebury). 
 In either case my horses and my dogs will help me to pass 
 most of the time which I can spare from the offices of friend- 
 ship." 
 
 Bucklebury, generally spelled Bucklersbury, was his father- 
 in-law's place in Berkshire. In another letter a fortnight later 
 he says : 
 
 " My stable is my great diversion in the country, and in the 
 midst of business Bucklebury runs in my head. We stand 
 on slippery ground, and I will fall soft whenever it comes to 
 
 * I have not strength to do anything- but that of letting you know we have had 
 this day a very murdering battle ...... Mr. Grahme, the bearer, is a 
 
 very brave young man, and one of my aide-de-camps. He will give you an ac- 
 count of the action, and I think you should give him 500 pounds." (Dated, 
 Sept. 11, 1709). Correspondence of John, Duke of Marlborough. Pub. Col- 
 burn, 1838. 
 
27 
 
 my lot to tumble, I keep you before my eyes. You have 
 been a courtier, a*id are a northern country gentleman." 
 
 St. John was a consistent Jacobite, and had already given 
 promise of the talents which were destined to make his name 
 famous in history both as an author and a politician. Two 
 years later he was left out of Parliament, and retired for a time 
 from political life. The view he took of his rejection can be 
 gathered from the following characteristic expressions in a 
 letter he writes at the time to Grahme. 
 
 " My being left out of Parliament is of very small moment 
 to the public, and no great misfortune to me. After I had 
 resolved not to appear at my own borough, I did all I could 
 to get myself elected at some other place, but found it utterly 
 impossible. Those whom it is my inclination and my prin- 
 ciple to serve have left me out, and I conclude that they do 
 not want me. I shall have three years time to live to myself, 
 which is a blessing I never yet enjoyed. If I live to another 
 Parliament, I will be elected without an obligation to any- 
 body but the people who choose. This must be inter nos, for 
 I have not opened my mind to any creature upon this head." 
 Again in the following year : 
 
 " The character you give of the age and court is so true 
 that it serves as another consideration to take off the edge of 
 my ambition. After all this, it is no part of my scheme, 
 whenever the service of my country or of any particular friend 
 calls me forth, to sit still. I hope and promise myself that 
 on any such occasion I should exert some vigour and make 
 no despicable figure." 
 
 He was not destined to remain long in idleness. In 1710 
 the affair of Sacheverell had shown there to be such a strong 
 Tory feeling in the country, that the Queen's secret advisers 
 of that party persuaded her to dissolve Parliament. A Tory 
 majority was returned, and the leading Whigs deprived of 
 their offices. 
 
 St. John became Secretary of State and a leader of his 
 party with Harley, who was created Earl of Oxford and Lord 
 Treasurer ; Lord Godolphin was roughly dismissed from his 
 office, * on which Secretary Bromley writes to Grahme: 
 
 * " Bolingbroke," by Harrop. Pub. Kegan Paul (p. 60). 
 
28 
 
 " The laying aside ' Sir William ' {i.e., the Earl of Godol- 
 phin) was a coup-de-maitve, and the manner of doing it seems 
 very dexterous. The [Queen] writes him a letter, and orders 
 him to break his staff. He desired leave to see her, and 
 deliver up his staff in person, but this was refused." 
 
 Lord Barnard writes from Raby Castle on the same sub- 
 ject. " I long to hear how the Duke of Marlborough and the 
 army received the news of the fall of the Treasurer. Letters 
 speak of great animosity between the General and the Duke 
 of Argyle, and that the latter was confined to his tent for 
 striking Mr. Cardenall." 
 
 The Duke of Marlborough was now in high disfavour ; his 
 son-in-law Lord Sunderland was dismissed from office, and 
 the new ministers were his enemies. A vote of censure was 
 passed on him by the House of Commons, and he was accused 
 of various crimes, amongst them with conniving at the mur- 
 der of the Duke of Hamilton, the particulars of which have 
 already been alluded to. He left the country in disgrace, to 
 return however in triumph on the death of Queen Anne, on 
 which occasion Metcalfe Grahme writes to the Colonel. 
 
 " The Duke of Marlborough came in yesterday with all 
 pomp imaginable. The City gave him guards. He wants to 
 see you mightily. The Duchess bids me tell you that while 
 she breathes she will be your friend, for your kindness to 
 them and to Lord Godolphin." 
 
 The latter had not long survived his abrupt dismissal 
 from office at the Queen's hands. 
 
 St. John, now Viscount Bolingbroke, was at the height of 
 his power. He had written to Grahme from Whitehall in 
 the last year of Anne's reign. 
 
 " Observe from whence this epistle is dated, and let old 
 images rise in your thoughts. I will not presume to say you 
 will find here a court or ministry like those you have known, 
 but I am much mistaken if you do not like us better than 
 when you saw us last. I have said a little to Lord Berkshire 
 about the present state of affairs, as much as a letter will 
 bear. The Queen is well, though the Whigs give out that 
 she is, what they wish her, 'a percher.' Come up and make 
 her well in all respects. It is two o'clock in the morning, and 
 I am ready to drop off my chair with fatigue." 
 
2 9 
 
 The Queen being a " percher " meant that she was going 
 to die, an event eagerly awaited by the Whigs ; the same ex- 
 pressions occurs in other letters of the time. 
 
 Bolingbroke knew that as a Tory and a Jacobite his posi- 
 tion was becoming insecure. He had written some years 
 before that he "might fall on the slippery ground of a court," 
 and the two letters to Grahme on this subject are very in- 
 teresting when read under the light of his subsequent career. 
 He proposes in the event of political troubles overtaking him, 
 to follow the Colonel's example, in retiring to the country 
 and devoting himself entirely to the life of a country gentle- 
 man. Seven years later the fall he predicts comes to him, 
 and as soon as he is able to return in safety to England, 
 he literally carries out his project. 
 
 The first act of George the First on his accession was to dis- 
 miss Bolingbroke from office in the most insulting way possible. 
 He was then impeached, and a Bill of Attainder passed 
 against him, together with the Earl of Oxford and the Duke of 
 Ormond. Oxford was sent to the Tower, but Bolingbroke and 
 Ormond escaped to the Continent, where the former remained 
 in exile for many years. In 1725 he was restored to a part of 
 his estates, having been previously pardoned, when his first act 
 was to buy a place in the country, 1 where he gave himself 
 up for a time entirely to the life he had proposed to him- 
 self in his letter twenty years before. He had inscribed 
 over the entrance to his house the motto, Satis beatus runs 
 honoribus, and combined the life of an amateur farmer with the 
 society of the most eminent poets and authors of the day, 
 amongst whom were Voltaire, Pope, and Swift. f 
 
 We have seen from several covert allusions in his corres- 
 pondence, that Grahme's skill as a courtier, and his clever- 
 ness in avoiding the troubles that overtook most of his Jaco- 
 bite friends, were well known. He seems to have remained on 
 good terms with each successive sovereign in whose reign he 
 lived, beginning with Charles, and ending with George the 
 Second. He lived in a time when men changed their political 
 views, either to keep in power or to keep their heads on, with 
 
 * Dawley, near Uxbridge, in Middlesex, 
 f Harrop's "Bolingbroke." 
 
3° 
 
 a facility hardly equalled by modern statesmen, who how- 
 ever have only the former temptation to resist. His brother, 
 Lord Preston, had only escaped execution by confessing at 
 the last moment, and implicating several fellow Jacobites ; 
 and James Grahme after he had been hunted about, proclaim- 
 ed and imprisoned for his connection with the dethroned 
 King, does not seem to have been very particular how he 
 should get into the good graces of William. A long letter from 
 Lord Nottingham to the King, chiefly about Grahme, gives 
 the latter's plausible reasons for promising to take the oath 
 of allegiance, and be a loyal subject. Grahme is also said to 
 offer to disclose information connected with his party in 
 France, though he declines to mention names. Lord Notting- 
 ham hints to the King that his professions of loyalty are not 
 to be trusted, and there is not the slightest evidence to show 
 that he ever really betrayed anything of importance con- 
 nected with the Stuart cause.* We know also that he was 
 more than once in danger of being tried for high treason, after 
 these promises had been written to William; but after his last 
 release from prison, and his retirement on his brother's advice 
 to Levens, Colonel Grahme appears to have carefully avoided 
 compromising himself in any of the numerous Jacobite plots 
 which were made, and as regularly failed, during the remainder 
 of his life. 
 
 There are no political letters amongst his correspondence 
 of the two memorable years which saw the Pretender's disas- 
 trous attempt for the Crown suppressed in Scotland ; one re- 
 sult of which was the execution of Lord Derwentwater, whose 
 mother it will be remembered, had been married to Henry 
 
 * Lord Nottingham to King William, July 15, 1690. " I think it my duty to 
 acquaint yonr majesty with some information I have lately had from persons 
 that are privy to all matters relating to the interests of the late king, as your 
 majesty will easily believe when I tell you that they are my Lady Dorchester and 
 Mr. James Grahme. The latter will now take the oaths of fidelity, and gives me this 
 reason for it : that though he has done all he could to serve King James, yet since 
 there is now no further possibility of doing him any go d, but the quarrel is now 
 more immediately between England and France, he will behave himself as be- 
 comes a true lover of his country, and a faithful subject of your majesty, etc., 
 
 etc This is what he says, but I guess that the taking of oaths 
 
 being necessary to entitle him to your majesty's general pardon, this is at least 
 one motive to induce him to his present resolutior . He Says he will never be an 
 evidence, nor name any persons, but promises to tell anything he hears about 
 French designs." Sir John Dalrympte's Memoirs. Appendix. 
 
3i 
 
 Grahme. If he was interested in the rebellion, Grahme no 
 doubt destroyed all written traces of it, as it would seem he 
 had done with any of Lord Preston's letters he may have had, 
 not one of which are found amongst his papers, though there 
 is abundant evidence elsewhere that the brothers were on 
 intimate terms and corresponded frequently. 
 
 In 1722 James Grahme was returned to Parliament for 
 the last time, being then past seventy ; the elections that year 
 were the cause of terrible riots all over the country, especially 
 at Coventry*, concerning which William Bromley writes to 
 him : " The election at Coventry began on Tuesday, when there 
 were polled about one hundred for Sir Oughton and Neale, 
 and six for Craven and Skipwith. There were about a thou- 
 sand voters in the street, when, upon pretence of adjourning 
 for an hour, the former with the magistrates carried away the 
 sheriffs. They would not suffer any but their own creatures 
 to come near them — not even their wives — kept them up all 
 night, and would not let them go until they had forced them 
 to make a return, which was not signified to the freemen till 
 all was over. The sheriffs were two poor scoundrels, but 
 they durst not trust them. Oughton had brought all the 
 freemen serving in the troops in Great Britain and Ireland, 
 and living in Chelsea Hospital, to the election, and they ap- 
 peared in their regimental clothes and swords." 
 
 At this time the greatest financial panic that England has 
 ever seen, had succeeded a mania for speculation. The South 
 Sea Company had been started by Harley, and supported by 
 Stanhope, Sunderland, and other ministers. It was followed 
 by other bubble companies, and the whole country went mad 
 over the most ridiculous investments, resulting in the ruin of 
 thousands. Stanhope, the leader of the government, died 
 from a fit of apoplexy, said to have been brought on by 
 defending his share of the matter in parliament ; Lord Sunder- 
 land died the following .year, and Bromley writes to Grahme 
 concerning his death : — 
 
 " My letters yesterday put me into a quandary, upon hearing 
 
 * See "Caricature History of the Georges." Wright (ch. ii). Pub. John 
 Camden Hotten. 
 
32 
 
 of your friend's perch {i.e., the death of the Earl of Sunder- 
 land). I could not reconcile his actions with his professions." 
 
 In another, he writes : "I do not believe that any of my 
 friends rejoice at the late ' perch,' though I am told that 
 others have shown very indecent joy. I am surprised at the 
 treatment of him (the Earl of Sunderland) by those in power. 
 It is said that the Duchess of M [arlborough] sealed up his 
 escritoire, that some of the ministers came soon after, broke 
 it open, and carried away all his papers. Had he been charged 
 with the most heinous capital crimes, they could not have 
 done more." 
 
 Another letter on the same subject, with which was connec- 
 ted a Jacobite plot, is from Johnstone, who had been Secretary 
 of State for Scotland, a son of Archibald Johnstone of War- 
 ristone, one of Cromwell's peers, who was executed after the 
 Restoration. The Jacobites were supposed to have consider- 
 ed the confusion occasioned by the South Sea Bubble to 
 have given them a good opportunity for a rising. The Tories 
 denied the existance of any real plot, and made a great out- 
 cry when Bishop Atterbury was committed to the Tower for 
 his share in it. Several people were arrested, and some were 
 hung; Atterbury was exiled after a long imprisonment. The 
 general purport of Johnstone's letter is as follows : 
 
 " I find our late friend [the Earl of Sunderland] defamed all 
 over the town, first for having got so much by the South Sea, 
 and next for having (as they say his papers show) had a cor- 
 respondence with the Pretender. His will was made when 
 he thought himself rich, whereas there will remain .... 
 As to the other point, there is nothing in it, and the falsehood 
 of what is pretended will be made clear. Without hanging, 
 nobody will believe in the plot, but assassinations were pro- 
 posed. It was also proposed to burn the books of three com- 
 panies, for destroying paper credit, which would have been 
 construed to have been done by the Government. Next a 
 rising was resolved on, and the Duke of Ormond had agreed 
 to come over. The chief instruments are known, but the 
 evidence is not sufficient to hang them. Without this, all 
 will pass for a sham." 
 
 He writes again shortly after : " The plot is now believed 
 to be nothing, but the Duke of Ormond was certainly to 
 
CHIMNEY IN LIBRARY. 
 AT LEVENS HALL. 
 
33 
 
 have come. Credit revives. The Bank and the South Sea 
 Directors are agreed. Mr. Walpole does his best to recover 
 credit." 
 
 In connection with this plot, there is at Levens a copy of 
 the warrant from the Privy Council to the Lord Lieutenant 
 and Deputy Lieutenants (including Grahme), to seize the 
 arms of all papists and non-jurors in Westmorland and Cum 
 berland, " in consequence of a conspiracy for raising a 
 rebellion in favour of a Popish Pretender." 
 
 Colonel Grahme does not appear to have lived at Levens 
 much after he ceased to be member for Westmorland. When 
 in London, his letters were addressed to him at " Mr. Hugh 
 James' House in Berkeley Street, near Berkeley House," but 
 for many years before his death he had his own house " in 
 Stratton Street, near Devonshire House." There is no record 
 of his retaining possession of the Lodge at Bagshot after the 
 eighteenth century had commenced. 
 
 His wife Dorothy, of whom Evelyn speaks on several 
 occasions in terms of the highest praise, had died in the last 
 year of William's reign ; and Colonel Grahme had married a 
 second time, and again become a widower before the end of 
 1709. His second wife, by whom he had no children, was 
 Elizabeth Harvey, a sister of his colleague as member for 
 Appleby in 1705 and 1707. He seems to have kept this 
 second marriage a secret from some of his most intimate 
 friends, though it does not appear for what reason. Lord 
 Weymouth writes to him in 1703, "were not your marriage 
 of soe old a date, I would wishe you ye happiness you have 
 long enjoyed. You will please to assure Yr Lady I am much 
 her servant, for soe I was before she was yours. My wife 
 designes to write to her." Lord Peterborough writes, after 
 her death in 1709, " I have lost one that had a partiality to 
 me from my youth, and was ever sensible of her goodness." 
 
 In the latter years of his life he seems to have lived a 
 good deal at Charlton, Lord Berkshire's seat in Suffolk, 
 where there still remains a collection of pictures which be- 
 longed to James II., including himself when young as Lord 
 High Admiral, and a number of " court beauties" by Lely, 
 and members of the Stuart family. These pictures were en- 
 trusted to the care of Grahme by William the Third. 
 
34 
 
 From the Levens papers it appears that Grahme took 
 possession of many valuables which James left behind him in 
 the hurry of his flight, and there is evidence to show that 
 these were gradually disposed of according to instructions 
 given by the exiled monarch, either to meet Royal expenses, 
 or for repayment of sums he owed Grahme, who had assisted 
 him with money when he left England. 
 
 There is at Levens a list of the plate belonging to the King's 
 " privy lodgings," with his order for its surrender to Grahme 
 and the latter's receipt. 
 
 In the King's letter to Chiffinch, already quoted, it will be 
 remembered that Grahme was to take the plate and other 
 articles from the Royal apartments with the exception of 
 pictures. Soon after the Revolution, a number of packages 
 containing these pictures were transmitted to Grahme by 
 order of William the Third. They seem to have remained 
 for some time at the Colonel's house in London, and then 
 to have gone to Charlton, where they remained packed up 
 for a hundred years, till the late Lord Suffolk and Berkshire, 
 who was then fitting up the picture gallery at Charlton, un- 
 packed them and placed them in it.* 
 
 An old chest known to have belonged to James II, with 
 the Royal crown on it, also preserved at Charlton, may very 
 possibly be one of the " strong boxes " mentioned by the King 
 in the same letter to Chiffinch. 
 
 Grahme remained to the last on good terms with the court, 
 the Duke of Montrose writing to him in 1725, " I have obeyed 
 your commands in making your compliments to the King 
 which were very well received ; he was pleased to enquire 
 particularly after you, and regrets that you could not come to 
 St. James'." 
 
 His later letters allude sadly to his ruined fortunes,} but 
 
 * " History or* Charlton " in " Ashtead, and its Howard possessors." By Rev. 
 F. Paget. Privately printed. 
 
 f The following letter from Grahme is characteristic. To whom it was addressed 
 does not appear. '* I find, my good Lord, by what Mr. Harley told me yesterday, 
 yr Lordshp. hath me more in your thoughts than I expected: but how or why you 
 should think I would go about to injure you doth surprize me. I very plainly and 
 truly acquainted you with my circumstances in the beginning of this reign. 
 Whatever I have acted in any place since, was in my opinion for the Queen's 
 service. My familie, since the reign of K. James ye first, hath still in the place, 
 where (we), are established, had interest, which was ever displayed for the service 
 
35 
 
 the applications for assistance from his family and from old 
 political friends, who had likewise suffered from the downfall 
 of the Stuarts are numberless ; and most liberally did James 
 Grahme in many instances respond to them, though he him- 
 self had been a heavy sufferer by the Revolution and his 
 devotion to King James' cause. 
 
 His only living child and heiress had married her first 
 cousin, Henry Howard, fourth Earl of Berkshire,* who suc- 
 ceeded him at Levens, and three of whose children, including 
 his eldest son Lord Andover, Colonel Grahme outlived. 
 
 The next brother who became Lord Andover was killed 
 out hunting during his father's lifetime, and his widow lived at 
 Levens till she was succeeded by Frances Howard, her only 
 surviving child, who had married Richard Bagot, a son of 
 Sir Walter Bagot, of Blithfield, in Staffordshire, and brother 
 to the first Lord Bagot. He assumed the name of Howard 
 on his marriage with the heiress, who in addition to Levens 
 had inherited the estates of Castle Rising in Norfolk, Ashtead 
 in Surrey, and Elford, in Staffordshire. 
 
 On his death Levens passed to his only child the late Hon. 
 Mary Greville Howard, the third heiress within the century, 
 to whose liberality in building and endowing churches, schools 
 and charitable institutions, Westmorland owes much. 
 
 Colonel Grahme died in 1730, in his eighty-first year. 
 
 In his will, dated 1723, which is amongst the Levens papers, 
 he desires to be buried " at Heversham in Westmorland, 
 modestly, decently, and very privately," bequeathing a hun- 
 dred pounds to the poor there. 
 
 He was however buried at Charlton, in accordance with 
 his later wishes, expressed in a letter written to his daughter 
 
 off the crown, and hath had their share off the good and bad in all times. If by 
 the discountenance we now have the hands that interest will fall into, grow better 
 subjects (sicj, I shall not soe much regret my misfortune, but shall ever think it 
 a great one to lose the protection of so great and good a friend. I will now en- 
 deavour, out of the remains of my ruined fortune, to be as easie as I can — doing 
 what becomes me, and wishing the Queen and nation ease and peace ; and that she 
 and you may not be disappointedin the affection of yr new friends, always 
 wishing particularly to yourself all the good imaginable. 
 
 Being, very truly, my Lord, etc., J. GRAHME." 
 
 * He was appointed Deputy Earl Marshal during the civil incapacity of the 
 Duke of Norfolk in 1718; and in 1745 succeeded to the Earldom of Suffolk. 
 
36 
 
 Catherine, in September r72g, a few months before his 
 death. " My dear child," he writes, " I hope when I dye 
 your Lord will allow me to be buried amongst my little ones 
 at Charlton. If I dye there send to the Bath for a leaden 
 coffin. I will have no hearse, but be carried by my own and 
 your servants, .... all what is in my will observe and 
 do it, which is not much. Thank you for all your goodness 
 to me. God bless you and your Lord and all the Children. 
 Your affectionate father, 
 
 J, GRAHME. 
 
 Do what you can of kindness to my servants (who) have 
 been carefull of me. God bless you and yours. 
 
 J. GRAHME." 
 
 A tablet to his memory in Charlton Church describes him as 
 
 Servant to King Charles 
 And King James the Second. 
 Lived and Died an unworthy 
 But True Member of the Church of England. 
 Faithful to both his Masters, 
 And a sincere lover of Monarchy. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Since the preceding pages were printed, the author has found 
 that Colonel Grahme represented Carlisle in the only Parlia- 
 ment of the reign of James II. ; a fact to which there appearsto 
 be no reference in the Levens papers. The great silver-gilt 
 mace which is now carried before the Mayor of Carlisle was 
 his present to the Corporation, and the following autograph 
 letter relative to the presentation, was exhibited lately before 
 the Society of Antiquaries, by Mr. R. S. Ferguson, to whom 
 the author is indebted for its reproduction. 
 
 " 1 6th Feb. 
 
 " Sir, — Yours I received, by which I understand that the 
 Mace is arrived, and that you expect my coming to towne to 
 present it. I think it will not be at all necessary having 
 already acquainted the towne with what ye Privy Privy [sic] 
 intended, and if you please to direct the towne to make a 
 kind returne for this noble present, and order the Mace as 
 you think fitt, what you do herein will be approved of by, 
 
 " Sr, your humble servt, 
 
 " Geo. Fletcher. 
 
 " If the towne in their letter take notice 
 that I presented the Mace to them, 
 it will show him that I preserv'd 
 his orders. 
 
 " For Basil Fielding, Esquire, at Carlisle." 
 Endorsed : " Sir Geo. Fletcher's letter about the Mace, 
 ffeb. '85." 
 
 The Corporation's letter of thanks is a follows: — 
 
 "Carlisle, ffeb 22, 1685. 
 
 " Worthy Sr, — The honour and favour you have done our 
 Corporacon in Representing us in Parliamt is a thing we will 
 alwayes be ready to acknowledge, nor must we forget your 
 
3* 
 
 former charity to the poor Inhabitants of this place, besides 
 other instances of your respect and kindnesse : But yor 
 Great Bounty now showne to this City in honouring it with 
 the Noble Present of an extraordinary large and Rich Mace, 
 wch hath been delivered to us by Sr Geo. Fletcher, is soe 
 surprising that we cant be sensible enough of it, and as this 
 is a cleare indication of ye great regard you have as well for 
 the honor as interest of the Corporacon, soe we will ever study 
 to make all suitable returns and charge it as a debt of Grati- 
 tude upon ourselves and our Successor, wch wee hope you 
 will believe, since we are in soe great a degree 
 
 "Yor most and obliged servants." 
 
 Endorsed : " Copy of ye Lre sent to Coll. Grahme, ffeb. 22 
 '85. Thanks for ye Mace." 
 
 Sir George Fletcher represented Cumberland for nearly 
 forty years — from 1661 to 1700. 
 
 Before he was appointed Privy Purse to James Duke of 
 York, Grahme held for a short time the same office in the 
 household of the Duchess, who had been Mary of Modena. 
 
 In the freedom of the City of Edinburgh, presented to him 
 in December, 1679, which document is at Levens, he is 
 described as "Keeper of the Privy Purse of the Duchess 
 of Albany and York." 
 
 In the freedoms of Stirling and Linlithgow, dated Feb- 
 ruary, 1 68 1, he is described as Privy Purse to the Duke of 
 Albany. His appointment to the same office by James II., 
 is dated April 1685. 
 
 There are at Levens no less than seven commissions to 
 James Grahme between the years 1671 and 1677 — six to be 
 Captain, and one to be Lieutenant-Colonel — all in different 
 regiments. 
 
 A certificate of admission to James Grahme as Master of 
 the Harthounds and Buckhounds, signed by the Earl of 
 Arlington, with seal affixed, is also at Levens ; and amongst 
 the papers at Charlton is a warrant of appointment to " James 
 Grahme, Master of his Ma ty ' s Buckhounds" to be deputy 
 Lieutenant of Windsor Castle and Forest, signed by the 
 Duke of Norfolk, Constable of Windsor Castle. Both are 
 dated in the first year of James II. 
 
39 
 
 £o5 
 05 
 05 
 05 
 02 
 03 
 01 
 10 
 
 07 
 07 
 
 07 
 07 
 03 
 04 
 01 
 15 
 
 06 
 06 
 06 
 06 
 00 
 06 
 06 
 00 
 
 15 00 
 
 05 
 
 02 
 
 02 
 
 02 
 
 The following is the list of presents given by James when he 
 left England, alluded to on p. 8. 
 
 To the Taylors men - 
 ,, Hatters men - 
 ,, Periwigg makers men 
 „ Yeomen of the Guard 
 
 Postillions 
 ,, Yeomen of the Cellars 
 
 Verger of the Chappell 
 ,, Trumpetts 
 
 Drummers of both regiments) 
 
 of Guards - - f 10 
 
 Housekeeper of St. James' house 05 
 
 Two Master Cooks - - 21 
 
 Hunting and Pad Grooms 
 ,, Gentlemen's men of the Privy 
 Gallery 
 
 ,, Yeomen of the Waggons 
 
 Gentlemen Ushers and Quar- 
 ter Waiters men 
 
 ,, Harbinger's men 
 
 Carpenters, Locksmyths, Gla- 
 shiers, and other work- 
 men's servants belonging 
 to the house 
 
 „ Saddlers, Coachmakers, etc., 
 etc., belonging to the 
 Stables - - 
 
 ,, Men that take the Carts for they 
 Voyage - 
 
 ,, Pages of the Presence 
 
 The above payments were in guineas, 
 time being equivalent to £1 is. 6d. 
 
 The list of the King's plate entrusted to Grahme is as 
 follows : 
 
 Gilt Plate. 2 Gilt Basons. 2 Gilt Ewers. 2 Gilt 
 Salads. 4 Gilt Rings. 5 prs Gilt Candlesticks. 6 
 Gilt Salts. 1 great Gilt Salt. 1 Gilt Peper Box. 1 
 Gilt Sugar Box. 1 Gilt Crewit for Oyle. 1 Gilt 
 
 07 
 10 
 07 
 
 03 
 
 °3 
 03 
 
 01 01 
 
 06 
 00 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 06 
 
 05 07 06 
 
 10 15 00 
 
 OI OI 
 
 06 
 06 
 
 The guinea at that 
 
 01 01 
 
4° 
 
 Crewit for Vinegar, i Gilt Mustard Pot. 6 doz. 
 Gilt Plates, i doz. & halfe Spoons, i doz. & halfe 
 Forks. 1 6 Knifes Gilt. 2 Silver Basons. 2 Silver 
 Ewers. 16 great Silver Dishes. i doz. Small 
 Dishes. 15 Intermesses. 2 great Silver Bottles. 
 2 Silver Salads. 1 Silver Shuger Box. 
 The list is docketed " An account of His Majties' Plate 
 
 that is in the Privy Lodgings," and a note is appended "Jan. 
 
 ye 20th, 88. I acknowledge to have received the plate in 
 
 the list.— J. GRAHME." 
 
 There is also amongst James Grahme's papers at Levens, 
 a copy of a warrant under the sign manual of Charles the 
 Second, for the payment of an annuity of ^"8,600 to Louise 
 de la Querouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, dated October 
 nth, 1676. 
 
 There are also several passports for James Grahme and his 
 servant to go to and fro between England and the Continent, 
 between the years 1674 ar, d 1 &79- Some are signed by 
 Henry Coventry, Secretary of State, and one signed by 
 the celebrated Marshal Turenne (alluded to on p. 3) is as 
 follows : 
 
 " Le Vicompte de Turenne, 
 Mareschal General des Camps et Armees du Roi, etc." 
 Laissez librement passer et repasser Monsr. Grahme. 
 Capne au Regt. dTnfanterie de Montmoth auquel nous avons 
 permiss d'aller chez lui en Angleterre pour quelques affaires 
 qui y requierent sa presence, sans lui donner ni a ses gens, 
 chevaux, et hardes, aucun empeschement, mais plustot toute 
 ayde, faveur, et assistance. 
 
 Fait au camp de Detweiler, ce 3 Novembre, 1674. 
 
 TURENNE. 
 Par Monseigneur HARSET. 
 
 Of the same date is a paper of drill instructions, headed 
 " Monsieur de Turenne's order for a battallion in a day of 
 battaile." 
 
I 
 
 The following is the warrant tor the committal of Col. 
 Grahme to the Fleet prison in 1696. 
 
 " These are in his Majties name to will and require you to 
 take into your custody the body of James Grahme, Esq. 
 herewith sent unto you for suspicion of High Treason and 
 Treasonable practices, and him to keep in safe custody, un- 
 till he shall be discharged by due course of Law, ffor which 
 this shall be your warrant from the Council Chamber at 
 Whitehall, the 2nd day of March, 1695-6. 
 
 To the Warden of the Fleete 
 
 or his Deputy. 
 
 Schonberg and Leinster. 
 
 Montagu. 
 
 Bolton. 
 T. Bridgewater. 
 Stamford. 
 
 Bradford. 
 Ranelagh. 
 
 Tankerville. 
 T. Wharton. 
 
 H. Goodricke." 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Albany, Duchess of, Duke of, see Duchess, 
 Duke, of York. 
 
 Albemarle, Duke of, 15. 
 
 Andover, Henry, Viscount, 35. 
 
 , William, Viscount, ib. 
 
 Annandale, Marquis, 15, 16. 
 
 Anne, (Princess) afterwards Queen, Col. 
 J. Grahme's politeness to her, 9. 
 
 ■ (Queen), 12; her dissolution of 
 
 Parliament, (1710), 27; her dismissal 
 of Lord Godolphin, 27, 28; the Whigs 
 desired her death, 25. 
 
 Anjou, Duke of, 25. 
 
 Antwerp, 26. 
 
 Appleby, 18, 21, 23, 33. 
 
 represented in Parliament by Col. 
 
 J. Grahme, 20; his benefactions to the 
 borough, 2i7i ; he is elected Mayor, 22. 
 
 Apprenticeship, proposal partially to dis- 
 pense with it in Kendal, 21. 
 
 Argot of Jacobite conspirators, 15-17. 
 
 Argyle, John, ist Duke, his dispute with 
 the Duke of Marlborough, &c, 28. 
 
 Arlington, Henry, ist Earl, 38. 
 
 Arselle, letter dated there, 25. 
 
 ' Arthur' or ' Artlye,' cipher for James 
 H, 13- 
 
 Ashton, John, executed for treason [18 
 Jan., 1691], cipher found on him, 13. 
 
 * Assassination Plot,' [1696], 12. 
 
 Atterbury, Francis, Bishop of Rochester 
 [1662-1732], 13. 
 
 , his Letters referred to, 14.11, 17. 
 
 —committed to the Tower and finally 
 
 exiled, 32. 
 
 Ashtead, 35. 
 
 'Ashtead, and its Howard Possessors' 
 (Rev. F. E. Paget), referred to, 3572. 
 
 Baden, Prince Louis of, 24, 25. 
 
 Bacon, Francis, Lord, his essay on gar- 
 dens quoted, 1972. 
 
 Bagot, Richard, marries Frances Howard, 
 35- 
 
 Sir Walter, ib. 
 
 William, ist Baron, ib. 
 
 Bagshot, Col. James Grahme's residence 
 
 there, 3, 4> 9 his > 33- 
 Banks, John, 23. 
 
 ' Banks Mr.,' cipher for James II., 8, 15. 
 Banks, Timothy, letters to Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24. 
 Barnard, Lord, letter to Col. J. Grahme, 
 
 28. 
 Bath, 36. 
 
 Bathurst, Sir Benjamin, 7. 
 
 Bavaria, Duke of, 12. 
 
 Beaumont, M., Col. J. Grahme's gar- 
 dener, \g passim, 20. 
 
 Hall, Levens, 1971. 
 
 Bellingham, Alan, was Treasurer of Ber- 
 wick and Deputy Warden of Marches, 
 1 ; he purchases Levens Manor, (1487), 
 ib. 
 
 , [b. 1655], M.P. for Westmorland, 
 
 3, 19, 20 ; sells his Westmorland es- 
 tates to Col. J. Grahme, 1; his 
 amusements, 20?i. 
 
 , Sir Robert, of Burneshead, 1 . 
 
 crest on bowls at Levens Hall, 19. 
 
 Belvoir Castle, 15, 16. 
 
 Bentinck, Win,, ist Earl of Portland 
 [1649-1709], 9. 
 
 Berge, Prince de, 12. 
 
 Berkeley House and Street, 33. 
 
 Berkshire, Lord, 4. 
 
 Catherine, Countess of, letter from 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 36. See also Catherine 
 Grahme. 
 
 , Henry Howard, 4th Earl, 28, 33 ; 
 
 m. Catherine Grahme, 5, 35; ap- 
 pointed Deputy Earl Marshall, 3571; 
 
 succeeds to Earldom of Suffolk, ib. 
 
 Thomas, ist Earl, 2. 
 
 Berwick, Alan Bellingham Treasurer 
 the town, 1 . 
 
 Bishops, non-juring, cipher for them, 13. 
 
 Bishop's Room, at Levens Hall. 15. 
 
 Blenheim, battle of, Metcalfe Grahme's 
 description of it, 24. 
 
 , — , Earl of Peterborough's des- 
 cription of it, 25. 
 
 Blithfield, 35. 
 
 Bolingbroke, Henry, ist Viscount [1668- 
 1751,] 10, 1071, 13, 26, 27; letter to 
 Col. J. Grahme, 28; his dismissal and 
 attainder, 92 ; his pardon and retire- 
 ment, ib. 
 See also Henry St. John. 
 
44 
 
 Bolton, Duke of, 41. 
 
 ' Bonson ' cipher for Louis XIV, 13. 
 
 Boulogne, letter dated there, 8. 
 
 Bowls at Levens with Bellingham and 
 
 other crests, 19. 
 Bradford, — , 41. 
 Braganza, Catherine of, 2u. 
 Braithwaite, Richard, letter to Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, — his exertions in the cause of 
 
 order, 22. 
 Bridgewater, T., 41. 
 Bromley, William, letters to Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, 27, 28, 31, 32. 
 Brougham, John, letters to Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, 21, 22. 
 Brudenell, Francis, Lord, 14, 15 ; cipher 
 
 for his name, 13. 
 Brussels, 12. 
 
 Buckhounds, Mastership of them granted 
 
 to Col. James Grahme, 3. 
 Buckingham, Duchess of, 211. 
 Bucklebury or Bucklersbury, 26. 
 Burneshead, 1 . 
 
 Cardenall, — , 28. 
 
 ' Caricature History of the Georges,' 
 
 (Wright) referred to, 31;*. 
 Carlisle, Charles, Earl of, 13. 
 ■ Earl, interferes in Westmorland 
 
 election (1700), 21. 
 city represented by Col J. Grahme 
 
 in Parliament of 16S4-5, 37. 
 ■ corporation, great mace presented 
 
 to them by Col. J. Grahme, 37, their 
 
 thanks therefor, 37, 38. 
 Carteret, Lord, 17. 
 Castle Bellingham, 2011. 
 Castlemaine, Lady, 4. 
 Castle Rising, 35. 
 Catherine of Braganza, 211. 
 'Chapman, Mr. James,' cipher for Col. 
 
 J. Grahme, 14, 15. 
 Charles II., 2, 211, 3, 4, 29, 36; creates 
 
 Sir Richard Grahme Viscount Preston, 
 
 2. 
 
 Charlton, Col. J. Grannie's pictures 
 there, 33, 34; his residence and burial 
 there, 33, 35, 36; tablet to his memory 
 in the church, 36. 
 
 Chelsea Hospital, 6n, 31. 
 
 Chiffinch, Wm., 6?i, 7, 34 bis. 
 
 Christchurch, Oxford, Col. James Grahme 
 educated there, 3. 
 
 Cipher used by Col. James Grahme, 
 13, M. 
 
 Clinch, — , cipher for his name, 14. 
 Coinage riots in Kendal, 22, 23. 
 Commemoration at Oxford (1675), atten- 
 ded by Dorothy Howard, 2. 
 Courcy, Lord, cipher for his name, 13, 
 
 Coventry, Henry. 40. 
 Coventry, election riots in 1722, 31. 
 ' Crosby,' cipher for — Clinch, 14, 
 Craven, — , his candidature at Coventry, 
 31- 
 
 Cromwell, Oliver, 32. 
 
 Cumberland papists and non-jurors, their 
 arms to be seized, 33. 
 
 , Viscount Preston was Lord Lieu- 
 tenant of the County, 2. 
 
 Dalrymple, Sir John, his 'Memoirs' 
 
 cited, 30». 
 Dartmouth, George Legge, Lord, 15. 
 Davis, Mary, (' Moll,') one of Charles 
 
 I I.'s mistresses ; her supposed ancestry ; 
 
 Henry Grahme marries her daughter, 
 
 4- 
 
 Dawley, 297?. 
 
 Deall, — ,cipher for his name, 13. 
 
 Deer, red, brought from Germany to 
 
 Windsor, 9. 
 Delamere, Lord, 6. 
 
 De la Ouerouaille, Louise, Duchess of 
 
 of Portsmouth, 40. 
 Derwentwater, i-t and 2nd Earls, 4, 30. 
 Destree, Marshal, 15. 
 Detweiler, 40. 
 Devonshire House, 33. 
 * Dobson,' cipher for — Renaudot, 13. 
 Dorchester, Lady, 3o». 
 Drill instructions of Marshal Turenne, 
 
 40. 
 
 Dutch Gardening, ign. 
 
 troop quartered at Kendal (1649), 
 
 18. 
 
 East India Co., James I I.'s shares in it 
 7, 8. 
 
 Echard, , his History of England 
 
 referred to, Sn. 
 
 Edinburgh, the freedom of the city given 
 to Col. J. Grahme, 38. 
 
 Electioneering at Kendal (1710), 18. 
 
 and election riots in 1722, 31. 
 
 Elford Hall (Staffs), 2W, 35- 
 
 Ely, Francis Turner, Bishop of, 11, 13. 
 
 ' Esmond ' referred to, 10, ion. 
 
 Evelyn, John, visits Mrs. Grahme 3, ; his 
 references to Col. J. Grahme's court- 
 ship, marriage, &c, 3, 4 ; his account 
 of the Assassination Plot [Diary 1696, 
 Feb. 26 sq.] referred to, 12; he visits 
 Col. J. Grahme 'in the Fleete,' [ib, 
 April 6], ib. 
 
 Fawcett Forest, estate there purchased 
 by Alan Bellingham, 1. 
 
 Fell, John, Bishop of Oxford, 13. 
 
 Fenwick, Sir John, married Lady Mary 
 Howard, 12; his execution, ib. 
 
43 
 
 1 
 
 Ferguson, R. S., 37. 
 
 Fielding, Basil, 37. 
 
 Fire at Levens Hall, 23, 24. 
 
 Fleet Prison, Col. J. Grahme there, 
 
 12, 41. 
 
 Fleming, Dr., — , his Parliamentary can- 
 didature (1701), 18. 
 
 , Sir. Daniel and the coinage riots 
 
 in Kendal, 23. 
 
 25. 
 
 Fletcher, Sir George, M.P., for Cum- 
 berland 37, 3S. 
 Fox, Sir Stephen, 6, 611. 
 French gardening, ign. 
 
 Gardens of Levens Hall, 19, 20. 
 Gaythorne, estate there purchased by 
 
 Alan Bellingham, 1. 
 George I., his treatment of Bolingbroke 
 
 and his ministry, 29. 
 George II , 29. 
 
 Gibjoun, — , cipher for his name, 13. 
 Gibraltar, Wm. Grahme wounded in the 
 
 capture, 5. 
 Glover, — , his ' Letters of Francis Atter- 
 
 bury ' and ' Stuart Papers at Windsor ' 
 
 referred to, 14^. 
 Godolphin, Sydney, Earl, (1640-1712), 
 
 13, 26, 27. 28. 
 Goodricke, H, 41. 
 
 Gower, Leveson, Lord, 13, 15, 16, 17. 
 
 Graham, Grahame, see Grahme. 
 
 Grahme, Catherine, Col. James Grahme's 
 heiress, 5; her narrow escape from 
 death, 23 ; her marriage, 5, 35. 
 See also Berkshire, Countess of, 
 
 , Dorothy, {nee Howard, q.v.), 3 ; 
 
 her treatment of smallpox, 4; acci- 
 dent to her, 24 ; her death, 33 ; letter 
 from Sir Stephen Fox, 6. 
 
 , Fergus, his career, 12; cipher for 
 
 his name, 13. 
 
 , (Sir) George, of Netherby, 2. 
 
 , Henry, his marriage, 4, 5, 30; he 
 
 was of the household of Prince George 
 of Denmark, 5 ; was M.P. for Westmor- 
 land, 4, 471, 18, 20, 21. 
 
 , Col. James, spelling of his name, 
 
 in; ciphers for his name, 15; his edu- 
 cation, 3 ; his service in trie French 
 army, and under the Duke of Mon- 
 mouth, 3; his military commissions, 
 38; his passport signed by Marshal 
 Turenne, 3, 40. He was Privy Purse 
 to Mary of Modena, 38, and to 
 James II., before and after his ac- 
 cession 2,38, 6; Master of the Hart- 
 hounds and Buckhounds, and Deputy 
 Lieutenant of Windsor Castle, 38. His 
 intimacy with James II., 9; he assists 
 him pecuniarily, 7, 34; and on his ab- 
 
 dication acts as the depositary of the 
 royal plate, 7 ; 34, 39,40. His courtship, 
 and marriage to Dorothy Howard, 23 : 
 their residence at Bagshot, 3, 4; he 
 represents Carlisle, 16S4-5, 37 ; and 
 gives the city a ' great ' mace, ib ; 
 he buys Bellingham estates in West- 
 morland, 1 ; is proclaimed, ordered to 
 be prosecuted for high treason, but 
 pardoned, 10, 11 ; proclaimed a second 
 time, 11 ; arrested on suspicion of im- 
 plication in the ' Assassination Plot,' 
 and committed to the Fleet Prison, 12; 
 (copy of warrant, 41). His Oxford 
 cipher, 13, 14; his reasons for pro- 
 fessing to give up the Jacobite cause, 
 30n. He retires to Levens, 12; repre- 
 sents Appleby in three Parliaments, 
 20; and Westmorland in five, 18//, 20, 
 21 ; supports Dr. Sacheverell in Parlia- 
 ment, 21, 22 ; his election in 1722, 13 ; 
 his benefactions to Appleby, 22//, of 
 which borough he is elected mayor, 22. 
 His improvements at Levens Hall, 18, 
 20 ; he ceases to reside there con- 
 tinuously, 33 ; being left a widower he 
 marries Elizabeth Harvey, 33 ; his pecu- 
 niary losses, 34, 34;/, 35 ; his death, will 
 and burial, 35,36; his personal appear- 
 ance^ ; his character, 1,2; a servant of 
 the king de facto, though a Jacobite at 
 heart, 11; compares favourably with 
 Viscount Preston, 30; his humour, 2; 
 two of his brothers suffered as Jacobites, 
 2. 
 
 Letter to Catherine, Lady Berkshire, 36. 
 
 Letters from : — 
 
 Banks, Timothy, 1 8, 21, 22, 23, 
 24 ; Barnard, Lord, 2S ; Bromley, 
 William, 27, 28, 31, 32; Brougham, 
 John, 21, 22; Carlisle Corporation, 
 37, 3S; Gower, Lord, 15-17 ; Grahme, 
 Metcalf, 24, 25, 28, Hamilton, James, 
 Duke of, 10, 11; Harley, Robert, 
 25; James, Hugh, 17, iS; John- 
 stone, — ,32, 33; Middleton, Lord, 
 14; Peterborough, Charles, 1st Earl, 
 2 5> 33 5 St. John, Henry, 26, 27; 
 Seymour, Sir. E., 20; Weymouth, 
 Thomas, Viscount, 33. 
 Grahme, Mary, narrowly escapes death, 
 
 23. 
 
 , Metcalf, aide-de-camp to the 
 
 Duke of Marlborough, 24; his des- 
 cription of the battle of Blenheim, ib ; 
 the battle of Ramilies, 25; his service 
 at Malplaquet, 25; letter to Col. J. 
 Grahme, 28. 
 
 , Richard, (Col. J. Grahme's 
 
 youngest son), his career, 5. 
 
 , Sir Richard, of Netherby, created 
 
45 
 
 Viscount Preston, ( q. v.) 2. 
 Grahme William, a captain in the navy, 
 
 his career, 5. 
 ,— , Dean of Wells, brother to Col. 
 
 J. Grahme, 5, 9. 
 Grahme family popular at Kendal, iS. 
 Gravesend, James I l.'s journey thither, 6. 
 Guinea Company, James II. 's shares in 
 
 it, 7. 
 Gwynn, Nell, 4. 
 Halifax, — , Marquis, 6. 
 Hall,— 22. 
 Ham, 6. . 
 
 Hamilton, Col. John, second to the Duke 
 
 of Hamilton in his duel with Lord 
 
 Mohun, 10. 
 , James, Duke of, Letters to Col. 
 
 J. Grahme, — his death, 10, ion, 13, 
 
 28. 
 
 Hampden, — , extract from his letter to 
 Col. J. Grahme, 17. 
 
 Hampton Court, 9, ig?i. 
 
 Harley, Robert, 24^, 35; letter to Col. 
 J. Grahme, 25; he is created Earl of 
 "Oxford, (q.v), 27. 
 
 Harrop, Robert, his ' Bolingbroke ' re- 
 ferred to, 27 11, 2QU. 
 
 Harset, Msgr., 40. 
 
 Harvey, Elizabeth, marries Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, 33. 
 Harvey, William, M.P. for Appleby, 33. 
 ' Healing medals ' had to be provided by 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 8. 
 Helsington, estate there purchased by 
 
 Alan Bellingham, 1 . 
 Heversham, 35. 
 
 Historical MSS. Commission, Levens MS. 
 
 reported on for them, 1. 
 Holyrood, letter dated there, 10. 
 Howard, Dorothy, a maid of honour to 
 
 Queen Catherine, 2; her marriage to 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 3. 
 , Frances, married Richard Bagot, 
 
 35- 
 
 , Henry Bowes, 4th Earl of Berk- 
 shire, married Catherine Grahme, 5. 
 
 , Mary, marrried Sir John Fen- 
 wick, 12. 
 
 , Mary Greville, 35. 
 
 , Sir Robert, 7. 
 
 , Thomas, 9. 
 
 , William, 2 ; his lady, ib. 
 
 Hyde Park, 10. 
 
 Ingoldstadt, 24. 
 
 Jacobite plots, actual and supposititous, 
 12, 32. 
 
 acobites, a desideratum for them, 20. 
 ames I, 34;?. 
 
 ames II, 12 bis, 14, 36 ; cipher for his 
 
 name, 13, 15 ; Col. J. Grahme was one 
 of his trusted servants, 1 ; and his 
 Privy Purse, 6, 38 ; his reputed relation- 
 ship to the Duchess of Buckingham, 
 2n ; his solitary Parliament, 37; M. 
 Beaumont was his gardener, ign; his 
 ' Reasons ' for leaving the Country, 8; 
 his presents to domestics, &c, 8, 39; 
 his orders to Wm. Chiffinch, 7 ; his 
 horses, plate and pictures entrusted to 
 Col. J. Grahme, 7 n, 34, 39, 40, 33, 34; 
 Col. J. Grahme's pecuniary assistance 
 to him, 34. 
 James, Hugh, 17, iS, 33. 
 
 , the Old Pretender, 30. 
 
 Jenny , ("My Genny,") cipher for 
 
 her name, 13. 
 Johnstone, Archibald, (of Warriston), 32. 
 
 , — , Letters to Col. J. Grahme, 32, 
 
 33- 
 
 Ken, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 
 
 [1637-1711], 13, 15, i 5n . 
 Kendal, dragoons quartered there (1603), 
 18; Dutch tn-opsquartered there (1694), 
 18 ; electioneering there, 21; Grahme 
 family popular there, 18 ; riot there 
 (1696), 22. 23 ; weavers, their petition 
 as to apprenticeship, 21. 
 Kettleweil, John, [1653-1695], 13, 15. 
 King's evil, Privy Purse had to pro- 
 vide 'healing medals,' 8. 
 Kirkby Lonsdale, 22. 
 ' Knight, the,' cipher for James II, 15. 
 
 Lancashire, a stronghold of the J acobites, 
 I 7- 
 
 ' Lawyer, your,' cipher for James II, 15. 
 Leland, John, his * Itinerary ' referred to, 
 
 2oh. 
 
 Lely, Sir Peter, his portrait of Col. James 
 Grahme, 211 ; portraits by him at Charl- 
 ton, 33. 
 
 Levens, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 17, 33. 
 
 ■ Manor purchased from one of the 
 
 Redmans by Alan Bellingham, 1 ; pur- 
 chased from one of his descendants 
 by Col. James Grahme, 1. 
 
 Manuscripts reported on by Mr. 
 
 H. Maxwell Lyte, 1. 
 Levens Hall, ' Bishop's room ' there, 15. 
 
 , Col. James Grahme retires 
 
 thither, 12; his improvements there, 18; 
 fire there, 23, 24; rioters there, 22 ; Rev. 
 G. F. Weston's ' History,' 19, 20. 
 Levens Park, one of the oldest deer parks 
 
 in England, 20?i. 
 Levestone, Col. — , his regiment of dra- 
 goons at Kendal, &c, 18. 
 'Lindsy,' cipher for Alexander Robert- 
 son, 14. 
 
4 6 
 
 Linlithgow, Col. J. Grahme made a 
 
 freeman, 3, 38. 
 Lonsdale, John, 1st Viscount, 13, 22; his 
 
 quasi-bequest of the representation of 
 
 Westmorland, 21. 
 See also Lowther 
 Louis XIV., ciphers for his name, 13; Col. 
 
 James Grahme held a commission 
 
 signed by him, 3. 
 
 , Prince, of Baden, 24, 25. 
 
 Lowther, Major, his candidature for 
 
 Westmorland, 21. 
 ■ — , Sir John, and Richard Braith- 
 
 waite, 22. 
 
 , [Robert], 21. 
 
 family, their claims to Parlia- 
 mentary representation of Westmorland 
 
 and contests with the Tufton interest, 
 
 18, 21. See also Lorsdale. 
 
 Castle, threat to burn it, 22, 23. 
 
 Lumley, General, 24. 
 
 Luttrell, Narcissus, his Diary cited, 4?/, 
 
 1 ibis, 1 1 n, bis. 
 Lyte, II. Maxwell, his report on Leven - 
 
 MSS., 1. 
 
 Macartney, General, said to have stabbed 
 
 Duke of Hamilton, 10, 11. 
 Macaulay, T. B., his history cited, 2n, 
 
 13??, 1572, iSn, 2411. 
 Malplaquet, Metcalf Grahme's services at 
 
 the battle, 26. 
 Mann, Horaie., Walpole's Letters to him 
 
 quoted, 2/1. 
 Marlborough, John, 1st Duke of, n, 24, 
 
 25, 26, 28. 
 
 , his correspondence cited, 2611. 
 
 , Sarah, Duchess of, 32. 
 
 Mary of Modena, see Duchess of York. 
 Melfort, John Drummond, Lord, ciphers 
 
 for his name, 13. 
 Middleton, Charles, Earl, 13; cipher for 
 
 his name, 13, 14; letters to Col. J. 
 
 Grahme, 14, 15. 
 Modena, Mary of, see Duchess of York. 
 Mohun, Charles, Lord, his duel with the 
 
 Duke of Hamilton, 10. 
 Money, scarcity of it in 1696 ; 23. 
 Monmouth, James, Duke of, — Col. James 
 
 Grahme served under him, 3. 
 Montagu, Viscount, (1696), 41. 
 Montrose, Duke of, 34. 
 Mordaunt, Lord, at Blenheim, 25. 
 Morpeth, Lord, his regiment, — James 
 
 Grahme held a Colonelcy in it, 3. 
 Musgrave, Sir Christopher, M.P. for 
 
 Westmorland, 20, 21 ; his election, 
 
 (1701), 18. 
 
 Narborough, Sir John, 14. 
 
 Neale, — , his candidature at Coventry, 31. 
 
 Nicolson, Archdeacon. iS. 
 
 Non-jurors and papists in Cumberland and 
 
 VVestmorland, their arms to be sei ed 
 
 33. 
 
 Norfolk, Henry, Duke of, (1685), 3S. 
 
 , Thomas, , (1718), 35^. 
 
 Northampton, 2. 
 
 Nottingham, Daniel Finch, Earl of, [1647- 
 1730], letter to William III, as to Col. 
 J. Grahme, 30, 30//. 
 
 Old Bailey, 12. 
 
 Orange, Prince of, see William III. 
 Ormonde, James Butler, 2nd Duke [1665- 
 
 1745], 29, 32/jis. 
 Orton, 22 
 
 Over Levens Hall held by Redmayne 
 
 family 300 years, 1. 
 Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of, 24/2, 
 
 27, 29. 
 
 See also Harley Robert. 
 Oxford, Col J. Grahme educated there, 3. 
 , Dorothy, Howard's journey 
 
 thither in Evelyn's company, 2. 
 ' Oxford ' cipher, 13, 14. 
 'Oxford,' pseudonym for France, S. 
 
 Paget, Rev. Francis E., his ' Student 
 Penitent of 1695,' 5. 
 
 , his ' Ashtead, and its Howard 
 
 possessors 5 referred to, 34??.. 
 ' Pallsworth, Sir Humphrey,' cipher for 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 15. 
 Papists and non-jurors in Cumberland and 
 
 Westmorland, their arms to be seized, 
 
 33- 
 Paris, 8. 
 
 Passports of Col. J. Grahme signed by 
 Marshal Turenne, &c, 3, 40. 
 
 ' Paull, Sir,' cipher for Col. J. Grahme, 15. 
 
 Pepys, Samuel, 3 ; his criticism of Moll 
 Davis, 4. 
 
 ' Perch, percher,' — what ? 32, 28, 29. 
 Perpignan, 25. 
 
 Peterborough, Charles, 1st Earl [1668- 
 
 I735]» 13. „ , „ , 
 
 letters to Col J. Grahme, 25, 33. 
 
 ' Peveril of the Peak,' description of 
 
 William Chiffinch there, 6n. 
 Philip V, letter to Duke of Marlborough, 
 
 ' Polesworth, Sir Humphrey, see Palis- 
 worth, Sir H., 
 
 Pope, Alexander, 29. 
 
 Portland, William, 1st Earl [1649- 1709], 
 9- 
 
 Portraits of Col. J. Grahme, 211. 
 Portsmouth, Louise, Duchess of, her an- 
 nuity, 40. 
 , — , cipher for his name, 13. 
 
47 
 
 Portsmouth, 3. 
 Powis, Sir T., 7. 
 
 Powlett, Lord, his charges against the 
 
 Duke of Mailborough, 26. 
 Preston, Richard Grahme, 1st Viscount, 
 
 2 > 7 n > J 3> 3 l 'f he is sentenced to death, 
 
 but pardoned, 11, 12. 
 , his character compares un- 
 
 favourbly with his brother's, 30. 
 , Viscountess. 12. 
 
 Raby Castle, letter dated there, 28. 
 Ramilies, Metcalf Grahme's description 
 
 of the battle, 25, 26. 
 Ranelagh, Lord, (1696), 41. 
 Ratcliff, Sir Francis, (1st Earl of Der- 
 
 wentwater), 4. 
 , (2nd Earl of Derwentwater), 
 
 married Mary Tudor, 4. 
 Redington, — , his edition of the Treasury 
 
 Papers referred to, 811. 
 Redman, Matthew de, M.P. for West- 
 morland (1357), encloses Levens Park 
 
 (1360), 20/i. 
 Redman or Redmayne family resided at 
 
 Over Levens Hall from 1187-14S7, 1. 
 Renaudot, — , cipher for his name, 13. 
 Riots at Coventry and elsewhere at 1722 
 
 election, 31. 
 Riot at Kendal (1696), 22, 23. 
 Roads of Levens district impassable by 
 
 coach, 20. 
 
 ' Roberts' [Lord Robartes?], cipher for 
 
 his name, 14. 
 Robertson, Alexander, cipher for his 
 
 name, 14. 
 Rochester, ybis. 
 
 , James II. 's flight thither, 6. 
 
 Rooke, Sir George, ( 1650-1709), 13 ; Wm. 
 
 Grahme served under him, 5. 
 , — , (son of above), married Henry 
 
 Grahme's widow, 5. ' 
 Rosey, — , cipher for his name, 13. 
 Rounthwaite, 22, 23. 
 
 Rupert, Prince, Col. J. Grahme held a 
 commission signed by him, 3. 
 
 Rydal Hall, threatened attack by Kendal 
 mob, 23, 
 
 Ryswick, Peace of, its intelligibility, 11. 
 
 Sacheverell, Dr. H., his popularity, 21, 
 
 22, 29, 
 
 St. James' Palace, 3, 6, 34. 
 
 St. John, Henry, his tastes 26; his charac- 
 ter, 27; becomes Secretary of State, ib. 
 
 letters to Col. J. Grahme, 26, 27. 
 
 See also Bolingbroke, Earl of, 
 
 Sandford, Sir Richard, his election as 
 M.P. for Westmorland (1701), 18. 
 
 Saxton, — , his map of Westmorland 
 
 referred to, 2011. 
 Scarsdale, Lord, proclaimed for treason 
 
 along with Col. J, Grahme, 11. 
 Schonberg and Leinster, Duke of, 41. 
 Scott, Sir Walter, his ' Peveril of the 
 
 Peak ' referred to, 6n. 
 Seymour, Sir E., extract from letter to 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 20. 
 Shrewsbury, Earl (16S8), 6. 
 'Simpson Jones,' cipher for 'Roberts' 
 
 [Lord Robartes?], 14. 
 Sizergh Hall, 211, iS, 22. 
 Skipwith, — . his candidature at Coventry 
 
 3'. 
 
 Small-pox, strange treatment of it, 4. 
 Smollett, Tobias, his History of England 
 
 referred to, 10/1, 1111, 
 Soldiers brought up to vote at Coventry, 
 
 31. 
 
 South Sea Bubble, 31, 32, 33. 
 Stamford, Karl of, (1696), 41. 
 Stanhope, Philip Henry, Earl, his History 
 
 cited, 19//. 
 , James, 1st Earl, [1673-1720] his 
 
 share in the South Sea Scheme, 31. 
 'Stanislaus,' cipher for, 15. 
 Stirling, Col. J. Grahme made a freeman 
 
 of the burgh, 3, 38. 
 Mratton Street, (London), 33. 
 Strickland, Sir Thomas, Privy Purse to 
 
 Catherine of Braganza, 20H. 
 'Stuart Papers at Windsor,' (ed. Glover) 
 
 referred to, 1 4//. 
 ' Student Penitent of 1695 ' compiled from 
 
 correspondence as to Richard Grahme, 
 
 5- 
 
 Suffolk, Henry Howard, (4th Earl of 
 Berkshire) succeeds to the Earldom, 
 35»- 
 
 , Thomas, 16th Earl, (and 9th of 
 
 Berkshire), 34. 
 
 Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl, 
 [1674-1722] his share in the South Sea 
 scheme, ; his dismissal, 28 ; his death, 
 .\2l-is; post mortem charges against 
 him, 32. 
 
 Swift, Jonathan, Dean of St. Patrick's, 
 10, 29. 
 
 'Sydick,' cipher for Lord Courcey, 13. 
 Sylvius, Lady Anne, 6. 
 
 Tallard, Marshal, 24. 
 
 Tankerville, Ford Grey, Earl of, 41. 
 
 Thackeray, W. M., his Esmond referred 
 to, 10, io?t. 
 
 Thanet, Thomas, 6th Earl, 13 ; supports 
 Henry Grahme's candidature for West- 
 morland, and Col. J. Grahme's for 
 Appleby, 21. 
 See also Tufton. 
 
4» 
 
 Thanet crest on bowls at Levens Hall, 19. 
 
 Tightness of money (1696), 23. 
 
 Todd, Hugh, his letters to Richard 
 Grahme, 5. 
 
 'Toncroft,' cipher for Lord Middleton, 23. 
 
 ' Topiary ' gardening, 19, 19??, 20. 
 
 * Treasury Papers,' (ed. Redington) re- 
 ferred to, Sn. 
 
 'Trotter,' cipher for Lord Melfort, 13. 
 
 Tudor, Mary, natural daughter of Charles 
 II., married Henry Grahme, &c, 4. 
 
 Tufton and Lovvther families claimed to 
 control the Parliamentary representa- 
 tion of Westmorland, iS. 
 
 influence exerted against Col. 
 
 James Grahme, 22. 
 
 See also Thanet, Earls of, 
 
 Turenne, Marshall, 3, 40. 
 
 Turner, Francis, Bishop of Ely, 11, 13. 
 
 ■ , Sir Win., James II., writes him 
 
 from Rochester, 7. 
 
 Upper Levens see Over Levens. 
 Uxbridge, 29?*. 
 
 Villeroi, Marshal, his defeat at Ramilies, 
 25- 
 
 Voltaire, 29. 
 
 Walpole, Horace, 33; his description of 
 
 Col. J. Grahme, 2, 211, bis 
 W arriston, 32. 
 
 Waugh, — , cipher for his name, 13. 
 Wells, William Grahme was Dean of the 
 city, 5. 9. 
 
 Westminster, Col. James Grahme educa- 
 ted there, 3. 
 
 Westmorland, Knights of the Shire : 
 
 Bellingham, Alan, 20; Grahme, 
 Henry, 20, 21 ; Grahme, Col. James, 
 ib; Musgrave, Sir Christopher, 20; 
 Redman, Matthew de, 2011 ; Wilson, 
 Daniel, i8n. 
 
 Westmorland election 1701, 18. 
 
 elections used to be family rather 
 
 than party contests, ib. 
 Papists and non-jurors, their arms 
 
 to be seized, 33. 
 
 people favourable to Jacobites, 17. 
 
 , Viscount Preston was Lord Lieu- 
 
 tenant, 2. 
 
 Weston, Rev. G. F., his ' History of 
 Levens Hall ' referred to, 19, 20. 
 
 Weymouth, 1 homas Thynne, Viscount, 
 13 ; letter to Col. J. Grahme, 33. 
 
 Wharton, — , Duke, recommends Col. J. 
 Grahme at Appleby, 22. 
 
 , Thomas, 41. 
 
 Whitehall, letters &c, dated there, 6, 
 
 28, 41. 
 Whitehaven, 20. 
 
 William III., 30 ; cipher for his name, 13; 
 
 his relations to Col. J. Grahme &c, g; 
 
 hands his predecessors pictures to him, 
 
 33» 34- 
 Wilson, Allan, 22. 
 
 , Daniel, elected M.P. for West- 
 morland ( 1 701 ), 18//. 
 Windsor, 9. 
 
 Castle and Forest, deputy lieu- 
 tenancy granted to Col. J. Grahme, 3, 
 
 38. 
 
 -Park, importation thither of red 
 
 deer, 9. 
 
 Wright, Thomas, his ' Caricature History 
 
 of the Georges' referred to, 31//. 
 Wycherley, William, 13. 
 
 Yew summer-house at Levens, wig- 
 shaped, with portrait of Col. J. Grahme, 
 
 19 
 
 York and Albany, Duchess of, Col. J. 
 
 Grahme her privy purse, 38. 
 , James, Duke of, Col. J. Grahme 
 
 was subsequently his privy purse, 2, 38. 
 See also )ames II . 
 
 The Calendar of the ' Netherby Papers ' frequently referred to in the notes will 
 be found in Sixth and Seventh Reports of the Royal Commission on Historical 
 Manuscripts. 
 
 KENDAL : 
 PRINTED BY T. WILSON. 
 
7