THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN EDITED BY WILLIAM BRAY IN TWO VOLS VOLUME TWO EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY -221 \> c fQ V EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY Selected volumes of Biography 1-1. LIFE OF JOHNSON. By James Boswell. (2 vols.) 3. LIFE OF NAPOLEON. By J. G. Lockhart. ji. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BEN- VENUTO CELLINI. 52. LIFE OF NELSON. By Robert Southey. re. LIFE OF SCOTT. By J. G. Lockhart. 220-1. DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN (2 vols.) 2 69. LIFE OF GOETHE. By G. H. Lewes. ,,8. LIFE OF CHARLOTTE BRONTE. By Mrs. Gaskell. j, 3 . LIFE OF MAHOMET. By Washington Irving. r 14. LIFE OF SHAKESPEARE. By ■ Oliphant Smeaton. 66 1. LIFE OF GLADSTONE. By G. W. E. Russell. 666. LIFE OF DISRAELI. By J. A. Froude. Soi.LIFE AND LETTERS OF KEATS. By Lord Houghton. 8r 9 -6o. ROUSSEAU'S CONFES- SIONS. Unexpurgated. or6 FAR AWAY AND LONG AGO. W. H. Hudson s auto- biography. _ Everyman, I will go with thee, and be thy guide, In thy most need to go by thy side. This is No. 221 ot" Everyman's Library EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY BIOGRAPHY THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN EDITED BY WILLIAM BRAY ■ PREFA- TORY NOTE BY GEORGE W. E. RUSSELL IN 2 VOLS. VOL. 2 JOHN EVELYN, horn in 1620 and edu- cated at Oxford. Travelled widely on the Continent. In 1642 joined the king as a volunteer and after the Restoration was employed in various matters by the Govern- ment. Died in 1706. THE DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN VOLUME TWO LONDON: J. M. DENT & SONS LTD. NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO. INC. All rights reserved Made in Great Rritain by The Temple Press Letchworth for J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd. A'dine House Bedford St. London First published in this edition 1907 Last reprinted 19C0 V > = 30 ! DIARY OF JOHN EVELYN 1665-6. yrd January. I supped in Nonesuch House, 1 whither the office of the Exchequer was transferred during the plague, at my good friend's Mr. Packer's, and took an exact view of the plaster statues and bass-relievos inserted betwixt the timbers and puncheons of the outside walls of the Court; which must needs have been the work of some celebrated Italian. I much admired how they had lasted so well and entire since the time of Henry VIII., exposed as they are to the air; and pity it is they are not taken out and preserved in some dry place ; a gallery would become them. There are some mezzo- relievos as big as the life; the story is of the Heathen Gods, emblems, com- partments, &c. The palace consists of two courts, of which the first is of stone, castle like, by the Lord Lumleys (of whom it was purchased), the other of timber, a Gothic fabric, but these walls incomparably beautified. I observed that the appearing timber-puncheons, entrelices, &c, were al! so covered with scales of slate, that it seemed carved in the wood and painted, the slate fastened on the timber in pretty figures, that has, like a coat of armour, preserved it from rotting. There stand in the garden two handsome stone pyramids, and the avenue planted with rows of fair elms, but the rest of these goodly trees, both of this and of Worcester Park adjoining, were felled by those destruc- tive and avaricious rebels in the late war, which defaced one of the stateliest seats his Majesty had. 12th. After much, and indeed extraordinary mirth and cheer, all my brothers, our wives, and children, being l Of this famous summer residence of Queen Elizabeth not a vestige remains, but " the avenue planted with rows of fair elms." There is a small print of Nonesuch in Speed's Map of Surrey, but a larger one is given by Hoefnagle in his " Collection of Views, some in England, but chiefly abroad." Lysons has copied the latter in his Environs of London, edit. 1796, 153. Pepys mentions the Exchequer money being removed to Nonesuch, and describes the park and house as they then appearr-d. The building was subsequently pulled down, and its contents dispersed. A modern structure has been raised on its *ite. n »« * 2 Diary of [Londoa together, and after much sorrow and trouble during this contagion, which separated our families as well as others, I returned to my house, but my wife went back to Wotton. I not as yet willing to adventure her, the contagion, though exceedingly abated, not as yet wholly extinguished amongst us. 294/1. I went to wait on his Majesty, now returned from Oxford to Hampton-Court, where the Duke of Albemarle presented me to him ; he ran towards me, and im a most gracious manner gave me his hand to kiss, and with many thanks for my care and faithfulness in his service in a, time of such great danger, when every body fled their employments ; he told me he was much obliged to me, and said he was several times concerned for me, and the peril I underwent, and did receive my service most acceptably (though in truth 1 did but do my duty, and O that I had performed it as I ought 1) After this, his Majesty was pleased to talk with me alone, near an hour, of several particulars of my employment, and ordered me to attend him again on the Thursday following at Whitehall. Then the Duke came towards me, and embraced me with much kindness, telling me if he had thought my danger would have been so great, he would not have suffered his Majesty to employ me in that station. Then came to salute me my Lord of St. Albans, Lord Arlington, Sir William Coventry, and several great persons ; after which, I got home, not being very well in health. The Court was now in deep mourning for the French Queen-Mother. 2nd February. To London ; his Majesty now come to Whitehall, where I heard and saw my Lord Mayor (and brethren) make his speech of welcome, and the two Sheriffs were knighted. 6th. My wife and family returned to me from the country, where they had been since August, by reason of the contagion, now almost universally ceasing. Blessed be God for His infinite mercy in preserving us ! I, having j gone through so much danger, and lost so many of my poor officers, escaping still myself that I might live to recount and magnify His goodness to me. 8th. I had another gracious reception by his Majesty, who called me into his bed-chamber, to lay before and describe to him my project of an Infirmary, which I read i666] John Evelyn 24th. Dined with Lord Cornbury, now made Lord Chamberlain to the Queen ; who kept a very honourable table. 1st June. Being- in my garden at six o'clock in the evening, and hearing the great guns go thick off, I took horse and rode that night to Rochester ; thence, next day towards the Downs and sea-coast, but meeting the Lieu- tenant of the Hampshire frigate, who told me what passed, or rather what had not passed, I returned to IxMidon, there being no noise, or appearance, at Deal, or on that coast of any engagement. Recounting this to his Majesty, whom I found at St. James's Park, impatiently expecting, and knowing that Prince Rupert was loose about three at St. Helen's Point at N. of the Isle of Wight, it greatly rejoiced him ; but he was astonished when I assured him they heard nothing of the guns in the Downs, nor did the Lieutenant who landed there by five that morning. 3rd. Whit-Sunday. After sermon came news that the Duke of Albemarle was still in fight, and had been all Saturday, and that Captain Harman's ship (the Henry) was like to be burnt. Then a letter from Mr. Bertie that Prince Rupert was come up with his squadron (according to my former advice of his being loose and in the way), and put new courage into our fleet, now in a manner yield- ing ground ; so that now we were chasing the chasers ; that the Duke of Albemarle was slightly wounded, and the rest still in great danger. So, having been much wearied with my journey, I slipped home, the guns still roaring very fiercely. $th. I went this morning to London, where came several particulars of the fight. 6th. Came Sir Daniel Harvey from the General, and related the dreadful encounter, on which his Majesty com- manded me to despatch an extraordinary physician and more chirurgeons. It was on the solemn Fast-day when rhe news came; his Majesty being in the chapel made a sudden stop to hear the relation, which being with much advantage on our side, his Majesty commanded that public thanks should immediately be given as for a victory. The Dean of the chapel going down to give notice of it to the other Dean officiating; and notice was likewise sent to St. Paul's and Westminster-Abbey. But this was no sooner 6 Diary of [Load™ over, than news came that our loss was very great both in ships and men; that the Prince frigate was burnt, and as noble a vessel of 90 brass guns lost ; and the taking of Sir George Ayscue, and exceeding shattering of both fleets ; so as both being obstinate, both parted rather for want of ammunition and tackle than courage; our General retreat- ing like a lion; which exceedingly abated of our former joy. There was, however, orders given for bonfires and bells; but, God knows, it was rather a deliverance than a triumph. So much it pleased God to humble our late over- confidence that nothing could withstand the Duke of Albe- marle, who, in good truth, made too forward a reckoning of his success now, because he had once beaten the Dutch in another quarrel ; and being ambitious to outdo the Earl of Sandwich, whom he had prejudicated as deficient in courage. jth. I sent more chirurgeons, linen, medicaments, &c. , to the several ports in my district. 8th. Dined with me Sir Alexander Fraser, prime physi- cian to his Majesty ; afterwards, went on board his Majesty's pleasure-boat, when I saw the London frigate launched, a most stately ship, built by the City to supply that which was burnt by accident some time since; the King, Lord Mayor and Sheriffs, being there with great banquet. nth. Trinity Monday, after a sermon, applied to the re-meeting of the Corporation of the Trinity-House, after the late raging and wasting pestilence : I dined with them in their new room in Deptford, the first time since it was rebuilt. i$th. I went to Chatham. — 16th. In the Jemmy yacht (an incomparable sailer) to sea, arrived by noon at the fleet at the Buoy at the Nore, dined with Prince Rupert and the General. 17th. Came his Majesty, the Duke, and many Noble- men. After Council, we went to prayers. My business being despatched, I returned to Chatham, having lain but one night in the Royal Charles ; we had a tempestuous sea. I went on shore at Sheerness, where they were building an arsenal for the fleet, and designing a royal fort with a receptacle for great ships to ride at anchor; but here I beheld the sad spectacle, more than half that gallant bulwark of the kingdom miserably shattered, hardly a i666] John Evelyn vessel entire, but appearing rather so many wrecks and hulls, so cruelly had the Dutch mangled us. The loss of the Prince, that gallant vessel, had been a loss to be universally deplored, none knowing for what reason we first engaged in this ungrateful war; we lost besides nine or ten nore, and near 600 men slain and 1100 wounded, 2000 prisoners ; to balance which, perhaps we might destroy eighteen or twenty of the enemy's ships, and 700 or 800 poor men. 18th. Weary of this sad sight, I returned home. 2nd July. Came Sir John Duncomb 1 and Mr. Thomas Chicheley, 3 both Privy Councillors and Commissioners of His Ma esty's Ordnance, to visit me, and let me know that his Majesty had in Council, nominated me to be one of the Conmissioners for regulating the farming and making of saltpetre through the whole kingdom, and that we were to sit ir. the Tower the next day. When they were gone, came tc see me Sir John Cotton, heir to the famous anti- quary, Sir Robert Cotton : a pretended great Grecian, but had by io means the parts, or genius of his grandfather. yd. I went to sit with the Commissioners at the Tower, where our commission being read, we made some progress in business, our Secretary being Sir George Wharton, that famous mathematician who wrote the yearly Almanack during his Majesty's troubles. Thence, to Painters' Hall, to our other commission, and dined at my Lord Mayor's. t\th. The solemn Fast-day. Dr. Meggot preached an excellent discourse before the King on the terrors of God's udgments. After sermon, I waited on my Lord Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of Winchester, where the Dean of Westminster spoke to me about putting into my hands the disposal of fifty pounds, which the charitable people of Oxford had sent to be distributed among the sick and wounded seamen since the battle. Hence, I went to the Lord Chancellor's to joy him of his 1 " Dunromb was a judicious man, but very haughty, and apt to raise enemies against himself. He was an able Parliament-man, but could not go into all the designs of 'he Court ; for he had a sense of religion, and a zeal for the liberty of his country." — Bishop Burnet's Hist, of his own Times. ' Afterwards knighted. Pepys mentions him as one of the Masters of the Ordnance. He was also, as Evelyn tells us, a Member of the Privy Council. 8 Diary of [Loadou Royal Highness's second son, now born at St. James' and to desire the use of the Star-chamber for our Commis- sioners to meet in, Painters' Hall not being so convenient. 12th. We sat the first time in the Star-Chamber. There was now added to our commission Sir George Downing l (one that had been a great . . . against his Majesty, but now insinuated into his favour; and, from a pedagogue and fanatic preacher, not worth a groat, had become excessively rich), to inspect the hospitals and treat about prisons. 141/1. Sat at the Tower with Sir J. Duncomb and Lord Berkeley, to sign deputations for undertakers to furnish their proportions of saltpetre. ljth. To London, to prepare for the next engagement of the fleets, now gotten to sea again. 22nd. Our parish still infected with the contagion. 251/1. The fleets engaged. I dined at Lord Berkeley's, at St. James's, where dined my Lady Harrietta Hyde, Lord Arlington, and Sir John Duncomb. 29th. The pestilence now fresh increasing in our parish, I forbore going to church. In the afternoon came tidings of our victory over the Dutch, sinking some, and driving others aground, and into their ports. 1st August. I went to Dr. Keffler, who married the daughter of the famous chymist, Drebbell, 2 inventor of the bodied scarlet. I went to see his iron ovens, made port- able (formerly) for the Prince of Orange's army : supped at the Rhenish Wine-House with divers Scots gentlemen. 6th. Dined with Mr. Povey, and then went with him to 1 Secretary to the Treasury, and Commissioner of the Customs. He had been recently made a baronet, and was now a zealous courtier ; though, during the Commonwealth, as Cromwell's Resident in Hol- land, he had been no less zealous a republican. lie subsequently went to Holland as Ambassador from the King. To him belongs the credit of having engaged Pepys about the year 1659, as or-.e of rhe clerks in a department of the Exchequer then under his management. For his character, of which Evelyn speaks as we see, and Pepys leavei a somewhat doubtful impression, see Lord Clarendon's Life. 3 Cornelius Van Drebbell, born at Alkmaar, in Holland, in 1572 ; but in the reign of Charles I. settled in London, where he died in 1634. He was famous for other discoveries in science besides that mentioned by Evelyn — the most important of which was the ther- mometer. He also made improvements in microscopes and telescopes ; and though, like many of his scientific contemporaries, something of an empiric, possessed a considerable knowledge of chemistry and of different branches of natural philosophy. *6] John Evelyn see a country house he had bought near Brentford j 1 return- ing by Kensington ; which house stands to a very graceful avenue of trees, but it is an ordinary building, especially one part. 8th. Dined at Sir Stephen Fox's 2 with several friends and, on the ioth, with Mr. Odart, Secretary of the Latin tongue. 17th. DSned with the Lord Chancellor, whom I in- treated to visit the Hospital of the Savoy, and reduce it (after the great abuse that had been continued) to its original institution for the benefit of the poor, which he promised to do. 25th. Waited on Sir William D'Oyly, now recovered, as it were, miraculously. In the afternoon, visited the Savoy Hospital, where I stayed to see the miserably dis- membered and wounded men dressed, and gave some neces- sary orders. Then to my Lord Chancellor, who had, with the Bishop of London and others in the commission, chosen me one of the three surveyors of the repairs of St. Paul's, and to consider of a model for the new building, or, if it might be, repairing of the steeple, which was most decayed. 26th. The contagion still continuing, we had the Church-service at home. 27th. I went to St. Paul's church, where, with Dr. 1 This country house, situated near Hounslow, was called the Priory. There were three brothers of this name; sons of Justinian Povey, Auditor-General to Queen Anne of Denmark. The one men- tioned by Evelyn was Thomas Povey, a Member of Parliament, Treasurer to the Commissioners for the affairs of Tangier, and Surveyor-General of the Victualling Department, in which offices he was succeeded by Pepys. He had previously held office under Crom- well, and was Treasurer and Receiver-General of the rents and revenues of the Duke of York. Pepys of course mentions him frequently. 3 One of the most celebrated statesmen of the period comprised in the Diary- He was knighted in 1665, made Clerk of the Green Cloth, and Paymaster of the Forces by Charles II. He lost the favour of his successor by opposing the bill for a standing army, but was again employed in the reign of Queen Anne. Evelyn cives an interesting account of him at p. 152 of this volume. He was father of the first Earl of Ilchester, and of the first Baron Holland. lie projected Chelsea College — the honour of which has generally been attributed to Nell Gwynne. He also founded a new church and a «et of alms- houses at his seat, Farley, in Wilts. He was born in 1G27, and died in 1 7 16. 10 Diary Of [London Wren, Mr. Pratt, Mr. May, Mr. Thomas Chicheley, Mr. Slingsby, 1 the Bishop of London, the Dean of St. Paul's, 3 and several expert workmen, we went about to survey the general decays of that ancient and venerable church, and to set down in writing the particulars of what was fit to be done, with the charge thereof, giving our opinion from article to article. Finding the main building to recede out- wards, it was the opinion of Chicheley and Mr. Pratt that it had been so built ab origine for an effect in perspective, in regard of the height ; but I was, with Dr. Wren, quite of another judgment, and so we entered it; we plumbed the uprights in several places. When we came to the steeple, it was deliberated whether it were not well enough to repair it only on its old foundation, with reservation to the four pillars ; this Mr. Chicheley and Mr. Pratt were also for, but we totally rejected it, and persisted that it required a new foundation, not only in regard of the neces- sity, but for that the shape of what stood was very mean, and we had a mind to build it with a noble cupola, a form of church-building not as yet known in England, but of wonderful grace. For this purpose, we offered to bring in a plan and estimate, which, after much contest, was at last assented to, and that we should nominate a committee of able workmen to examine the present foundation. This concluded, we drew all up in writing, and so went with my Lord Bishop to the Dean's. 28th August. Sat at the Star-chamber. Next day, to the Royal Society, where one Mercator, an excellent mathematician, produced his rare clock and new motion to perform the equations, and Mr. Rooke, his new pendulum. 3 1 He held the office of Master of the Mint. Other members of the family were employed about the Court. Arthur, son of Sir Guildford, was knighted, and subsequently made a baronet ; and Sir Robert Slingsby was Comptroller of the Navy — a man much respected by Pepys. 3 Dr. Sancroft, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. * Nicholas Mercator, the mathematician, must not be confounded with his namesake, so well known as the inventor of Mercator 's Projection, who was both a geographer and a mathematician, and who died in 1594. Nicholas was born at Holstein in 1640 ; but, after the Restoration, settled in England, where his scientific attainments procured him the honour of being elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He wrote several books on science. Laurence Rooke was Astronomy, and subsequently Geometry, Professor of Gresham Col- lege. He was born in 1623, and died 1662 ; having established, by .everal successful works, his reputation as a man of science. i666] John Evelyn n 2nd September. This fatal night, about ten, began the deplorable fire, near Fish-street, in London. 3rd. 1 had public prayers at home. The fire continuing, after dinner, I took coach with my wife and son, and went to the Bankside in Southwark, where we beheld that dismal spectacle, the whole city in dreadful flames near the water- side; all the houses from the Bridge, all Thames-street, and upwards towards Cheapside, down to the Three Cranes, were now consumed; and so returned, exceeding astonished what would become of the rest. The fire having continued all this night (if I may call that right which was light as day for ten miles round about, after a dreadful manner), when conspiring with a fierce eastern wind in a very dry season, I went on foot to the same place ; and saw the whole south part of the City burning from Cheapside to the Thames, and all along Corn- hill (for it likewise kindled back against the wind as well as forward), Tower-street, Fenchurch-street, Gracious-street, 1 and so along to Baynard's Castle, and was now taking hold of St. Paul's church, to which the scaffolds con- tributed exceedingly. The conflagration was so universal, and the people so astonished, that, from the beginning, I know not by what despondency, or fate, they hardly stirred to quench it ; so that there was nothing heard, or seen, but crying out and lamentation, running about like distracted creatures, without at all attempting to save even their goods ; such a strange consternation there was upon them, so as it burned both in breadth and length, the churches, public halls, Exchange, hospitals, monuments, and orna- ments ; leaping after a prodigious manner, from house to house, and street to street, at great distances one from the other. For the heat, with a long set of fair and warm weather, had even ignited the air, and prepared the materials to conceive the fire, which devoured, after an incredible manner, houses, furniture, and every thing. Here, we saw the Thames covered with goods floating, all the barges and boats laden with what some had time and courage to save, as, on the other side, the carts, &c. , carry- ing out to the fields, which for many miles were strewed with moveables of all sorts, and tents erecting to shelter both people and what goods they could get away. Oh, the miserable and calamitous spectacle 1 such as haply th<° 1 Now Gracechurch-street. 12 Diary Of [London world had not seen since the foundation of ; t, nor can be outdone till the universal conflagration thereof. All the sky was of a fiery aspect, like the top of a burning oven, and the light seen above forty miles round-about for many nights. God grant mine eyes may never behold the like, who now saw above 1 0,000 houses all in one flame ! The noise and cracking and thunder of the impetuous flames, the shrieking of women and children, the hurry of people, the fall of towers, houses, and churches, was like a hide- ous storm; and the air all about so hot and inflamed, that at the last one was not able to approach it, so that they were forced to stand still, and let the flames burn on, which they did, for near two miles in length and one in breadth. The clouds also of smoke were dismal, and reached, upon computation, near fifty miles in length. Thus, I left it this afternoon burning, a resemblance of Sodom, or the last day. It forcibly called to my mind that passage — non enim hie habemus stabilem civitatem : the ruins resembling the picture of Troy. London was, but is no more ! Thus, I returned. 4th September. The burning still rages, and it is now gotten as far as the Inner Temple. All Fleet-street, the Old Bailey, Ludgate-hill, Warwick-lane, Newgate, Paul's- chain, Watling-street, now flaming, and most of it reduced to ashes; the stones of Paul's flew like grenados, the melt- ing lead running down the streets in a stream, and the very pavements glowing with fiery redness, so as no horse, nor man, was able to tread on them, and the demolition had stopped all the passages, so that no help could be applied. The eastern wind still more impetuously driving the flames forward. Nothing but the Almighty power of God was able to stop them ; for vain was the help of man. $th. It crossed towards Whitehall ; but oh ! the con- fusion there was then at that Court ! It pleased his Majesty to command me, among the rest, to look after the quenching of Fetter-lane end, to preserve (if possible) that part of Holborn, whilst the rest of the gentlemen took their several posts, some at one part, and some at another (for now they began to bestir themselves, and not till now, who hitherto had stood as men intoxicated, with their hands across), and began to consider that nothing was likely to put a stop but the blowing up of so many houses as might make a wider gap than any had yet been made by the i666] John Evelyn 13 ordinary method of pulling them down with engines. This some stout seamen proposed early enough to have saved near the whole City, but this some tenacious and avaricious men, aldermen, &c. , would not permit, because their houses must have been of the first. It was, therefore, now commended to be practised ; and my concern being par- ticularly for the Hospital of St. Bartholomew, near Smith- field, where I had many wounded and sick men, made me the more diligent to promote it ; nor was my care for the Savoy less. It now pleased God, by abating the wind, and by the industry of the people, when almost all was lost infusing a new spirit into them, that the fury of it began sensibly to abate about noon, so as it came no farther than the Temple westward, nor than the entrance of Smithfield, north : but continued all this day and night so impetuous towards Cripplegate and the Tower, as made us all despair. It also brake out again in the Temple; but the courage of the multitude persisting, and many houses being blown up, such gaps and desolations were soon made, as, with the former three days' consumption, the back fire did not so vehemently urge upon the rest as formerly. There was yet no standing near the burning and glowing ruins by near a furlong's space. The coal and wood-wharfs, and magazines of oil, rosin, &c. , did infinite mischief, so as the invective which a little before I had dedicated to his Majesty and published, 1 giving warning what probably might be the issue of suffer- ing those shops to be in the City was looked upon as a prophecy. The poor inhabitants were dispersed about St. George's Fields, and Moorfields, as far as Highgate, and several miles in circle, some under tents, some under miserable huts and hovels, many without a rag, or any necessary utensils, bed or board, who from delicateness, riches, and easy accommodations in stately and well-furnished houses, were now reduced to extremest misery and poverty. In this calamitous condition, I returned with a sad heart to my house, blessing and adoring the distinguishing mercy of God to me and mine, who, in the midst of all this ruin, was like Lot, in my little Zoar, safe and sound. 6th September. Thursday. I represented to his Majesty the case of the French prisoners at war in my ^ The Fumifugmm. S#r ante, vn\. i. 360. 14 Diary Of [London custody, and besought him that there might be still the same care of watching at all places contiguous to unseized houses. It is not indeed imaginable how extraordinary the vigilance and activity of the King and the Duke was, even labouring in person, and being present to command, order, reward, or encourage workmen; by which he showed his affection to his people, and gained theirs. Having, then, disposed of some under cure at the Savoy, I returned to Whitehall, where I dined at Mr. Ofiley's, 1 the groom- porter, who was my relation. jth. I went this morning on foot from Whitehall as far as London Bridge, through the late Fleet-street, Ludgate- hill by St. Paul's, Cheapside, Exchange, Bishopsgate, Aldersgate, and out to Moorfields, thence through Corn- hill, &c, with extraordinary difficulty, clambering oyer heaps of yet smoking rubbish, and frequently mistaking where I was : the ground under my feet so hot, that it even burnt the soles of my shoes. In the meantime, his Majesty got to the Tower by water, to demolish the houses about the graff, which, being built entirely about it, had they taken fire and attacked the White Tower, where the magazine of powder lay, would undoubtedly not only have beaten down and destroyed all the bridge, but sunk and torn the vessels in the river, and rendered the demolition beyond all expression for several miles about the country. At my return, I was infinitely concerned to find that goodly Church, St. Paul's — now a sad ruin, and that beautiful portico (for structure comparable to any in Europe, as not long before repaired by the late King) now rent in pieces, flakes of large stones split asunder, and nothing remaining entire but the inscription in the archi- trave, showing by whom it was built, which had not one letter of it defaced ! It was astonishing to see what im- mense stones the heat had in a manner calcined, so that all the ornaments, columns, friezes, capitals, and projectures of massy Portland stone, flew off, even to the very roof, where a sheet of lead covering a great space (no less than six acres by measure) was totally melted. The ruins of the vaulted roof falling, broke into St. Faith's, which being filled with the magazines of books belonging to the 1 Dr. Offlej was rector of Abinger, and has left traces of himself as donor of farms to Okewood Chapel, at Wotton, in the patrouaga of the Evelyn family. 1666] John Evelyn 15 Stationers, and carried thither for safety, they were all consumed, burning for a week following. It is also observ- able that the lead over the altar at the east end, was untouched, and among the divers monuments the body of one bishop remained entire. Thus lay in ashes that most venerable church, one of the most ancient pieces of early piety in the Christian world, besides near one hundred more. The lead, iron-work, bells, plate, &c, melted, the exquisitely wrought Mercers' Chapel, the sumptuous Exchange, the august fabric of Christ Church, all the rest of the Companies' Halls, splendid buildings, arches, entries, all in dust; the fountains dried up and ruined, whilst the very waters remained boiling ; the voragos of subterranean cellars, wells, and dungeons, formerly ware- houses, still burning in stench and dark clouds of smoke ; so that in five or six miles traversing about I did not see one load of timber unconsumed, nor many stones but what were calcined white as snow. The people, who now walked about the ruins, appeared like men in some dismal desert, or rather, in some great city laid waste by a cruel enemy ; to which was added the stench that came from some poor creatures' bodies, beds, and other combustible goods. Sir Thomas Gresham's statue, though fallen from its niche in the Royal Exchange, remained entire, when all those of the Kings since the Conquest were broken to pieces. Also the standard in Cornhill, and Queen Elizabeth's effigies, with some arms on Ludgate, continued with but little detriment, whilst the vast iron chains of the City-streets, hinges, bars, and gates of prisons, were many of them melted and reduced to cinders by the vehement heat. Nor was I yet able to pass through any of the narrow streets, but kept the widest ; th'j ground and air, smoke and fiery vapour, continued so intense, that my hair was almost singed, and my feet unsufferably surbated. The bye-lanes and narrow streets were quite filled up with rubbish; nor could one have pos- sibly known where he was, but by the ruins of some Church, or Hall, that had some remarkable tower, or pinnacle remaining. I then went towards Islington and Highgate, where one might have seen 200,000 people of all ranks and degrees dispersed, and lying along by their heaps of what they could save from the fire, deploring their loss ; and, though 1 6 Diary of tLondo« ready to perish for hunger and destitution, yet not asking one penny for relief, which to me appeared a stranger sight than any I had yet beheld. His Majesty and Council indeed took all imaginable care for their relief, by proclamation for the country to come in, and refresh them with pro- visions. In the midst of all this calamity and confusion, there was, I know not how, an alarm begun that the French and Dutch, with whom we were now in hostility, were not only landed, but even entering the City. There was, in truth, some days before, great suspicion of those two nations joining; and now that they had been the occasion of firing the town. This report did so terrify, that on a sudden there was such an uproar and tumult that they run from their goods, and, taking what weapons they could come at, they could not be stopped from falling on some of those nations whom they casually met, without sense or reason. The clamour and peril grew so excessive, that it made the whole Court amazed, and they did with infinite pains and great difficulty, reduce and appease the people, sending troops of soldiers and guards, to cause them to retire into the fields again, where they were watched all this night. I left them pretty quiet, and came home sufficiently weary and broken. Their spirits thus a little calmed, and the affright abated, they now began to repair into the suburbs about the City, where such as had friends, or opportunity, got shelter for the present; to which his Majesty's pro- clamation also invited them. 1 1 Subjoined is the Ordinance to which Evelyn alludes, reprinted from the original half-sheet in black letter : Charles R. His Majesty, in his princely compassion and very tender care, taking into consideration the distressed condition of many of his good subjects, whom the late dreadful and dismal fire hath made destitute of habitations, and exposed to many exigencies and neces- sities; for present remedy and redress whereof, his Majesty intending to give further testimony and evidences of his grace and favour towards them, as occasion shall arise, hath thought fit to declare and publish his Royal pleasure : That, as great proportions of bread, and all other provisions as can possibly be furnished, shall be daily and constantly brought, not only to the markets formerly in use, but also to such markets as by his Majesty's late order and declaration to the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of London and Middlesex have been appointed and ordained, viz., Clerkenwell, Islington, Finsbury-fields, Mile-end Green, and Ratcliff ; hii Majesty being sensible that this will 1668] John Evelyn 17 Still, the plague continuing in our parish, I could not, without danger, adventure to our church. 10th September. I went again to the ruins ; for it was now no longer a city. 13th. 1 presented his Majesty with a survey of the ruins, and a plot for a new City, 1 with a discourse on it; whereupon, after dinner, his Majesty sent tor me into the Queen's bed-chamber, her Majesty and the Duke only be for the benefit also of the towns and place? adjoining, as being the best expedient to prevent the resort of such persons thereunto as may pilfer and disturb them. And whereas, also, divers of the said distressed persons have saved and preserved their goods, which never- theless they know not how to dispose of, it is his Majesty's pleasure, that all Churches, Chapels, Schools, and other like public places, shall he free and open to receive the said goods, when they shall be brought to be there laid. And all Justices of the Peace within the several Counties of Middlesex, Fssex and Surrey, are to see the same to be done accordingly. And likewise that all cities and towns what- soever shall, without any contradiction, receive the said distressed persons, and permit them to the free exercise of their manual trades ; his Majesty resolving and promising that, when the present exigence shall be passed over, he will take such care and order, that the said persons shall be no burthen to their towns, or parishes. And it is his Majesty's pleasure, that this hi* declaration be forthwith published, not only by the Sheriffs of London and Middlesex, but also by all other Sheriffs, Mayors, and other chief officers in their respective precincts and limits, and by the constables in every parish. And of this his Majesty's pleasure all persons concerned are to take notice, and thereunto to give due obedience to the utmost of their power, as they will answer the contrary at their peril. Given at our Court at Whitehall, the fifth day of September, in the eighteenth year of our reign, one thousand six hundred sixty-six. God save the King. 1 Evelyn has preserved his letter to Sir Samuel Tuke, on the subject (if the fire, and his scheme for re-building the City. Part of his plan was to lessen the declivities, and to employ the rubbish in filling up the shore of the Thames to low-water mark, so as to keep the basin always full. — In another letter to Mr. Oldenburg, Secretary to the Royal Society, dated 22nd December, 1666, he says, after mentioning his having presented his reflections on re-building the City to his Majesty, 'hat "the want of a more exact plot, wherein I might have marked what the fire had spared, and accommodated my design to the remaining parts, made me take it as a rasa tabula, and to form mine idea thereof, accordingly : 1 have since lighted upon Mr. Hollar's late plan, which looking upon as the most accurate hitherto extant, has caused me something to alter what I had so crudely done, though for the most part 1 still persist in my former discourse, and which I here send you as complete as an imperfect copy will give me leave, and the supplement of an ill memory, for since that time I hardly ever looked on it, and it was finished within two or three dav* after the Tncendium." 1 8 Diary oi [Lo&aoa being present. They examined each particular, and dis- coursed on them for near an hour, seeming - to be extremely pleased with what I had so early thought on. The Queeii was now in her cavalier riding-habit, hat and feather, and horseman's coat, going to take the air. 16th. I went to Greenwich Church, where Mr. Plume preached very well from this text: " Seeing, then, all these things shall be dissolved," &c. : taking occasion from the late unparalleled conflagration to mind us how we ought to walk more holy in all manner of conversation. 27th. Dined at Sir William D'Oyly's, with that worthy gentleman, Sir John Holland, of Suffolk. iof/t October. This day was ordered a general Fast through the nation, to humble us on the late dreadful con- flagration, added to the plague and war, the most dismal judgments that could be inflicted; but which indeed we highly deserved for our prodigious ingratitude, burning lusts, dissolute court, profane and abominable lives, under such dispensations of God's continued favour in restoring Church, Prince, and People from our late intestine calam- ities, of which we were altogether unmindful, even to astonishment. This made me resolve to go to our parish assembly, where our Doctor preached on Luke xix. 41 : piously applying it to the occasion. After which, was a collection for the distressed losers in the late fire. iSth. To Court. It being the first time his Maj«r: T A put himself solemnly into the Eastern fashion of vest, changing doublet, stiff collar, bands and cloak, into a comely dress, after the Persian mode, with girdles or straps, and shoe-strings and garters into buckles, of which some were set with precious stones, 1 resolving never to alter it, and to leave the French mode, which had hitherto obtained to our great expense and reproach. Upon which, divers courtiers and gentlemen gave his Majesty gold by way of wager that he would not persist in this resolution. I had sometime before presented an invective against that unconstancy, and our so much affecting the French fashion, to his Majesty; in which I took occasion to describe the comeliness and usefulness of the Persian cloth- ing, in the very same manner his Majesty now clad him- self. This pamphlet I entitled Tyrannus, or the Mode, l This costume was shortly after abandoned, and laid aside; cor does any existing portrait exhibit the King to accoutred. i666] John Evelyn 19 and gave it to the King to read. I do not impute to this discourse the change which soon happened, but it was an identity that I could not but take notice of. This night was acted my Lord Broghill's 1 tragedy, called Mustapha, before their Majesties at Court, at which I was present ; very seldom going to the public theatres for many reasons now, as they were abused to an atheistical liberty ; foul and undecent women now (and never till now) permitted to appear and act, who inflaming several young noblemen and gallants, became their misses, and to some, their wives. Witness the Earl of Oxford, Sir R. Howard, 3 Prince Rupert, the Earl of Dorset, and another greater person than any of them, who fell into their snares, to the reproach of their noble families, and ruin of both body and soul. 3 I was invited by my Lord Chamberlain to see this tragedy, exceedingly well written, though in my mind I did not approve of any such pastime in a time of such judg- ments and calamities. 21st October. This season, after so long and extra- ordinary a drought in August and September, as if prepar- atory for the dreadful fire, was so very wet and c*ainy as many feared an ensuing famine. 28th. The pestilence, through God's mercy, began now to abate considerably in our town. 30th. To London to our office, and now had I on the vest and surcoat, or tunic, as it was called, after his Majesty had brought the whole court to it. It was a comely and manly habit, too good to hold, it being impos- sible for us in good earnest to leave the Monsieurs' vanities long. 31 st. I heard the signal cause of my Lord Cleveland 4 1 Richard Lord Broghill, created, shortly after this, Earl of Orrery ; he wrote several other plays besides that here noticed. * Sir Robert Howard held the office of Auditor of the Exchequer ; but wa* more celebrated as an author, having written comedies, tragedies, poems, histories, and translations. He was born in 1626, and died in 1698. * Among the principal offenders here aimed at were Mrs. Margaret Hughes, Mrs. Eleanor Gwynne, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Uphill, Mrs. Davis, and Mrs. Knight. Mrs. Davenport (Roxolana) was " my Lord Oxford's miss;" Mrs. Uphill was the actress alluded to in con- nection with Sir R. Howard ; Mrs. Hughes ensnared Prince Rupert ; and the last of the " misses " referred to by Evelyn was Nell Gwynne. * Thomas Wentworth, created in Feb. 1626-7 Baron Wentworth of Nettlested, and Eari of Cleveland. He died in 1667. 20 Diary of [L*a4oa pleaded before the House of Lords ; and was this day forty- six years ol age, wonderfully protected by the mercies of God, for which I render him immortal thanks. 14th November. I went my winter-circle through my district, Rochester and other places, where I had men quartered, and in custody. 15/h. To Leeds Castle. x6tk. I mustered the prisoners, being about 600 Dutch and French, ordered their proportion of bread to be aug- mented, and provided clothes and fuel. Monsieur Colbert, Ambassador at the Court of England, this day sent money from his master, the French King, to every prisoner of that nation under my guard. ijth. 1 returned to Chatham, my chariot overturning on the steep of Bexley-Hill, wounded me in two places on the head; my son, Jack, being with me, was like to have been worse cut by the glass ; but 1 thank God we both escaped without much hurt, though not without exceeding danger. — 18th. At Rochester. — igth. Returned home. 23rd. At London, I heard an extraordinary case before a Committee of the whole House of Commons, in the Commons' House of Parliament, between one Captain Taylor and my Lord Viscount Mordaunt, 1 where, after the lawyers had pleaded and the witnesses been examined, such foul and dishonourable things were produced against his Lordship, of tyranny during his government of Windsor Castle, of which he was Constable, incontinence, and suborning witnesses (of which last, one Sir Richard Breames was most concerned), that I was exceedingly interested for his Lordship, who was my special friend, and husband of the most virtuous lady in the world. We sat till near ten at night, and yet but half the Counsel had done on behalf of the Plaintiff. The question then was put for bringing-in of lights to sit longer. This lasted so long before it was determined, and raised such a confused noise among the Members, that a stranger would have been astonished at it. I admire that there is not a rationale to l John, second son of John, first Earl of Peterborough. He was raised to the Peerage in July, 1659, for his services in the cause of Charles II. He died June 5th, 1675. See the whole proceedings in this affair in the Journals of Lords and Commons, under date ol j 666. i666] John Evelyn 21 regulate such trifling accidents, which consume much time, and is a reproach to the gravity of so great an assembly of sober men. 2jth November. Sir Hugh Pollard, Comptroller of the Household, died at Whitehall, and his Majesty conferred the white staff on my brother Commissioner for sick and wounded, Sir Thomas Clifford, a bold young gentleman, of a small fortune in Devon, but advanced by Lord Arling- ton, Secretary of State, to the great astonishment of all the Court. This gentleman was somewhat related to me by the marriage of his mother to my nearest kinsman, Gregory Coale, 1 and was ever my noble friend, a valiant and daring person, but by no means fit for a supple and flattering courtier. 2&th. Went to see Clarendon House, 2 now almost finished, a goodly pile to see to, but had many defects as to the architecture, yet placed most gracefully. After this, I waited on the Lord Chancellor, who was now at Berk- shire House, 3 since the burning of London. 2nd December. Dined with me Monsieur Kiviet, a Dutch gentleman-pensioner of Rotterdam, who came over for protection, being of the Prince of Orange's party, now not welcome in Holland. The King knighted him for some merit in the Prince's behalf. He should, if caught, have been beheaded with Monsieur Buat, and was brother- in-law to Van Tromp, the sea-general. With him came Mr. Gabriel Sylvius, and Mr. Williamson, secretary to Lord Arlington;* M. Kiviet came to examine whether the 1 Of this " nearest kinsman " and his family, seated at Petersham in Surrey, see Bray's History of that County, i. 439, 441, but his precise connection or kinsmanship with the Evelyns does not appear. 3 Of which frequent mention, throughout his Diary and Letters, is made by Evelyn ; since quite demolished. It was situated where Albemarle Street now is. After Lord Clarendon's exile the Duke of Albemarle occupied it, and two engraved views of it exist as it then stood ; one a small one by John Dunstall, and another upon a verv large scale, by J. Spilbergh. • Berkshire or Cleveland House, belonging to the Howards Earls of Berkshire. It was purchased and presented by Charles II. to Barbara Duchess of Cleveland, and was then of great extent ; she, however, afterwards sold part, which was divided into various houses. * Williamson, already mentioned in a note (vol. t. p. 304V filled several important offices. He was Keeper of the State Paper Office, Under Secretary, and then Secretary of State. He was knighted; subsequently e!<*< f<*d President of the Royal Society; an< : xa Sir 22 Diary Of [London soil about the river of Thames would be proper to make clinker-bricks, and to treat with me about some accommo- dation in order to it. 1 1666-7. gth January. To the Royal Society, which since the sad conflagration were invited by Mr. Howard to sit at Arundel-House in the Strand, who, at my instiga- tion, likewise bestowed on the Society that noble library which his grandfather especially, and his ancestors had collected. This gentleman had so little inclination to books, that it was the preservation of them from embezzle- ment. 2i\th. Visited my Lord Clarendon, and presented my son, John, to him, now preparing to go to Oxford, of which his Lordship was Chancellor. This evening I heard rare Italian voices, two eunuchs and one woman, in his Majesty's green chamber, next his cabinet. 29^/1. To London, in order to my son's Oxford journey, who, being very early entered both in Latin and Greek, and prompt to learn beyond most of his age, I was persuaded to trust him under the tutorage of Mr. Bohun, Fellow of New College, who had been his preceptor in my house some years before; but, at Oxford, under the inspec- tion of Dr. Bathurst, President of Trinity College, where I placed him, not as yet thirteen years old. He was newly out of long coats. 3 15th February. My little book, in answer to Sir George Mackenzie 3 on Solitude, was now published, entitled Joseph Williamson, continued a Member of Parliament during several sessions, representing Thetford and Rochester. Pepys describes him in 1662-3 as " a pretty knowing man and a scholar, but it may be, thinks himself to be too much so." He died in 1701. See antr, vol. i. p. 304. 1 Occasional references are made to it hereafter (23, 31, &c.) Mon- sieur Kiviet, probably the same person described by Pepys as " Kevet, Burgomaster of Amsterdam." He made a proposition, as Evelyn describes it, " to wharf the whole river of Thames, or quay from the Temple to the Tower, as far as the fire destroyed, with bricks, without piles, both lasting and ornamental." ' In illustration of the garb which succeeded the " long coats " out of which lads of twelve or thirteen were thus suffered to emerge, it may be mentioned that there hung, some years ago, and perhaps may hang still, upon the walls of the Swan Inn at Leatherhead in Surrey, a picture of four children, dates of birth between 1640 and 1650, of whom a lad of about the age of young Evelyn is represented in a coat reaching to his ankles. * A Scottish advocate, who wrote several worka on the Scottish r667] John livelyn 23 " Public Employment, and an active Life with its Appan- ages, preferred to Solitude." J iSth. I was present at a magnificent ball, or masque, in the theatre at the Court, where their Majesties and all the great lords and ladies danced, infinitely gallant, the men in their richly embroidered most becoming vests. igth. I saw- a Comedy acted at Court. In the afternoon, I witnessed a wrestling match for 1000I. in St. James's Park, before his Majesty, a vast assemblage of lords and other spectators, betwixt the western and northern men, Mr. Secretary Morice and Lord Gerard being the judges. The western men won. Many great sums were betted. 6th March. I proposed to my Lord Chancellor, Mon- sieur Kiviet's undertaking to wharf the whole river of Thames, or quay, from the Temple to the Tower, as far as the fire destroyed, with brick, without piles, both lasting and ornamental. — Great frosts, snow, and winds, pro- digious at the vernal equinox ; indeed it had been a year of prodigies in this nation, plague, war, fire, rain, tempest and comet. 14th. Saw the Virgin-Queen, 2 a play written by Mr. Dryden. 22nd. Dined at Mr. Secretary Morice's, 3 who showed me his library, which was a well-chosen collection. This afternoon, I had audience of his Majesty, concerning the proposal I had made of building the Quay. 26th. Sir John Kiviet dined with me. We went to search for brick-earth, in order to a great undertaking. laws, and various essays and poetical pieces. He was born ;it Dundee in 1536, and died in London in 1 69 1 . He has frequent mention in the Diary and Correspondence. See the present vol. p. 307, and vol. iii. 193. 1 Re-printed in " Miscellaneous Writings,' pp. 501-509. In a letter to Cowley, 12th March, ibbb, Evelyn apologises for having written against that life which he had joined with Mr. Cowley in so much admiring, assuring him he neither was nor could be serious in avow- ing such a preference. 2 The V it gin Queen which Evelyn saw was Dryden's Maiden Queen. Pepys saw it on the night of its first production (twelve days before Evelyn's visit); and was charmed by Nell Gwynne's Florimell. " So great a performance of a comical part was never, 1 believe, in the world bi-fore." 3 Sir William Morice. General Monk, his kinsman, procured him, the Restoration, the place of Secretary of State, which he resigned ■ if>6S. He died in 1676. 24 Diary Of [London j 4th April. The cold so intense, that there was hardly a leaf on a tree. iSth. 1 went to make court to the Duke and Duchess of Newcastle, at their house in Clerkenwell, 1 being newly come out of the north. They received me with great kind- ness, and I was much pleased with the extraordinary fanciful habit, garb, and discourse of the Duchess. 2 2nd. Saw the sumptuous supper in the banqueting- house at Whitehall, on the eve of St. George's day, where were all the companions of the Order of the Garter. 23rd. In the morning, his Majesty went to chapel with the Knights of the Garter, all in their habits and robes, ushered by the heralds ; after the hrst service, they went in procession, the youngest first, the Sovereign last, with the Prelate of the Order and Dean, who had about his neck the book of the Statutes of the Order; and then the Chan- cellor of the Order (old Sir Henry de Vic), who wore the purse about his neck ; then the Heralds and Garter-King- at-Arms, Clarencieux, Black Rod. But before the Prelate and Dean of Windsor went the gentlemen of the chapel arid choristers, singing as they marched ; behind them two doctors of music in damask robes; this procession was about the courts at Whitehall. Then, returning to their stalls and seats in the chapel, placed under each knight's coat-armour and titles, the second service began. Then, the King offered at the altar, an anthem was sung; then, the rest of the Knights offered, and lastly proceeded to the banqueting-house to a great feast. The King sat on an elevated throne at the upper end at a table alone ; the Knights at a table on the right hand, reaching all the length of the room; over-against them a cupboard of rich gilded plate; at the lower end, the music; on the balusters above, wind music, trumpets, and kettle-drums. The King was served by the lords and pensioners who brought up the dishes. About the middle of the dinner, the Knights drank the King's health, then the King, theirs, when the trumpets and music played and sounded, the guns going off at the Tower. At the Banquet, came in the Queen, and 1 See " Correspondence," vol. iii. p. 244-250, vol. tv. pp. 8, &c. Both Duke and Duchess are frequently mentioned by Evelyn. The Duke spent a princely fortune (with very ill reward) in the service of Charles I. and II., and is now chiefly remembered for his high-fiYwn wife's fantastical account of him. i667] John Evelyn 25 Itood by the King's left hand, but did not sit. Then was he banqueting-stuff flung- about the room profusely. In ruth, the crowd was so great, that though I stayed all the supper the day before, I now stayed no longer than this sport began, for fear of disorder. The cheer was extra- ordinary, each Knight having forty dishes to his mess, piled up five or six high; the room hung with the richest tapestry. 25th April. Visited again the Duke of Newcastle, with whom I had been acquainted long before in France, where the Duchess had obligation to my wife's mother for her marriage there ; she was sister to Lord Lucas, and maid of honour then to the Queen-Mother ; married in our chapel at Paris. My wife being with me, the Duke and Duchess both would needs bring her to the very Court. 26th. My Lord Chancellor showed me all his newly finished and furnished palace and library ; then, we went to take the air in Hyde-Park. 2jth. I had a great deal of discourse with his Majesty at dinner. In the afternoon, I went again with my wife to the Duchess of Newcastle, who received her in a kind of transport, suitable to her extravagant humour and dress, which was very singular. 8th May. Made up accounts with our Receiver, which amounted to 33,936!. is. ^d. Dined at Lord Cornbury's, with Don Francisco de Melos, Portugal Ambassador, and kindred to the Queen : Of the party were Mr. Henry Jermyn, 1 and Sir Henry Capel. 3 Afterwards I went to Arundel-House, to salute Mr. Howard's sons, newly returned out of France. nth. To London; dined with the Duke of Newcastle, and sat discoursing with her Grace in her bed-chamber after dinner, till my Lord Marquis of Dorchester with other company came in, when I went away. 30th. To London, to wait on the Duchess of Newcastle (who was a mighty pretender to learning, poetry, and philosophy, and had in both published divers books) to the Royal Society, 3 whither she came in great pomp, and being 1 In 1685 created Baron Jermyn of Dover. 8 A leading member of the House of Commons, created April nth, 1692, Baron Capel of Tewkesbury, afterwards Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. * This may remind us of the visit of another great lady, Queen n M1 n 26 Diary of [Londoa received by our Lord President at the door of our meeting* room, the mace, &c. , carried before him, had several experij ments showed to her. I conducted her Grace to her coach] and returned home. ist June. I went to Greenwich, where his Majesty wad trying divers grenadoes shot out of cannon at the Castle* hill, from the house in the Park ; they brake not till theji hit the mark, the forged ones brake not at all, but the casl ones very well. Tiie inventor was a German there present.] At the same time, a ring was showed to the King, pre- tended to be a projection of mercury, and maJleableJ and said by the gentlemen to be fixed by the juice of a plant. 8th. To London, alarmed by the Dutch, who were fallenj on our fleet at Chatham, by a most audacious enterprise! entering the very river with part of their fleet, doing us not only disgrace, but incredible mischief in burning sever of our best men-of-war lying at anchor and moored ther and all this through our unaccountable negligence in n setting out our fleet in due time. This alarm caused me,| fearing the enemy might venture up the Thames even tol London (which they might have done with ease, and fired all the vessels in the River, too), to send away my best goods, plate, &c. , from my house to another place. The alarm was so great that it put both Country and City into fear, a panic, and consternation, such as I hope I shall never see more; everybody was flying, none knew why or whither. Now, there were land-forces despatched with the Duke of Albemarle, Lord Middleton, 1 Prince Rupert, and the Duke, to hinder the Dutch coming to Chatham, fortifying Upnor Castle, and laying chains and bombs ; but the resolute enemy brake through all, and set fire on our ships, and retreated in spite, stopping up the. Thames, the rest of the fleet lying before the mouth of it. Christina, to one of the sittings of thr> French Academy, recorded by Monsieur Pellisson, in his History of that learned body. 1 John Middleton was first a Parliamentary general, but subse- quently fought for Charles II. at Worcester, and otherwise distin- guished himself as a Royalist officer till the Restoration, when be j was created Karl of Middleton. He was Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in Scotland, Governor of Edinburgh Castle, Commissioner of the Scottish Parliament, and finally Governor of Tangier, where he 'Ji%d in 1673. 1*67] John Evelyn 27 14th. I went to see the work at Woolwich, a battery to prevent them coming up to London, which Prince Rupert commanded, and sunk some ships in the river. 17th. This night, about two o'clock, some chips and combustible matter prepared for some fire-ships, taking flame in Deptford-yard, made such a blaze, and caused such an uproar in the Tower (it being given out that the Dutch fleet was come up, and had landed their men and fired the Tower), as had liked to have done more mischief before people would be persuaded to the contrary and be- lieve the accident. Everybody went to their arms. These were sad and troublesome times. 24Z.i1. The Dutch fleet still continuing to stop up the river, so as nothing could stir out or come in, I was before the Council, and commanded by his Majesty to go with some others and search about the environs of the city, now exceedingly distressed for want of fuel, whether there could be any peat, or turf, found fit for use. The next day, I went and discovered enough, and made my report that there might be found a great deal ; but nothing further was done in it. 28th. I went to Chatham, and thence to view not only what mischief the Dutch had done ; but how triumph- antly their whole fleet lay within the very mouth of the Thames, all from the North Fore-land, Margate, even to the buoy of the Nore — a dreadful spectacle as ever English- men saw, and a dishonour never to be wiped off ! Those who advised his Majesty to prepare no fleet this spring deserved — I know what — but 1 Here in the river off Chatham, just before the town, lay the carcase of the London (now the third time burnt), the Royal Oak, the James, &c. yet smoking; and now, when the mischief was done, we were making trifling forts on the brink of the river. Here were yet forces, both of horse and foot, with general Middleton continually expect- ing the motions of the enemy's fleet. I had much dis- course with him, who was an experienced commander. I 1 " The Parliament giving but weak supplies for the war, the King, to save charges, is persuaded by the Chancellor, the Lord Treasurer, Southampton, the Duke of Albemarle, and the other ministers, to lay up the first and second-rate ships, and make only a defensive war in the next campaign. The Duke of York opposed thi*. but was over-ruled." Life of King James II.. vol. i. p. 425 28 Diary Of [London told him I wondered the King did not fortify Sheerness * and the Ferry ; both abandoned. 2nd July. Called upon by my Lord Arlington, as from his Majesty, about the new fuel. The occasion why I was mentioned, was from what I said in my Sylva three years before, about a sort of fuel for a need, which obstructed a patent of Lord Carlingford, 2 who had been seeking for it himself ; he was endeavouring to bring me into the project, and proffered me a share. I met my Lord ; and, on the 9th, by an order of Council, went to my Lord Mayor, to be assisting. In the mean time they had made an experiment of my receipt of houllies, which I mention in my book to be made at Maestricht, with a mixture of charcoal dust and loam, and which was tried with success at Gresham College (then being the exchange for the meeting of the merchants since the tire) for everybody to see. This done, I went to the Treasury for 12,000?. for the sick and wounded yet on my hands. Next day, we met again about the fuel at Sir J. Armourer's in the Mews. 8th. My Lord Brereton and others dined at my house, where I showed them proof of my new fuel, which was very glowing, and without smoke or ill smell. xoth. I went to see Sir Samuel Morland's 3 inventions and machines, arithmetical wheels, quench -fires, and new harp. 1 Since done. — Evelyn's note. J Theobald, second Viscount Taafe, created Earl of Carlingford, June 26, 1662. 3 Aubrey (in his account of Surrey, vol. i. p. 12) says : " Under the equestrian Statue of Charles II., in the great Court at Windsor, is an engine for raising water, contrived by Sir Samuel Morland, alias Morley. He was son of Sir Samuel Morland, of Sulhamsted Ban- nister, Berks, created Baronet by Charles II., in consideration of services performed during his exile. The son was a great mechanic, and was presented with a gold medal, and made Magister Mechani- corum by the King, in 1681. He invented the drum capstands, for weighing heavy anchors : the speaking trumpet, and other useful engines. He died and was buried at Hammersmith, 1696. There is a monument for the two wives of Sir Samuel Morland in Westminster Abbey. There is a print of the son, by Lombart, after Lely. This Sir Samuel, the son, built a large room in his garden at Vauxhall, which was much admired at that time. On the top was a punchintllo, holding a dial." More to a similar effect will be found in Manning and Bray's History of Surrey. He receives frequent mention from Evelyn in his letters as well as this Diary. For further notice of inventions by him, see post, 68, 117, 163, 180. and 340. i667i John Evelyn 29 17th. The Master of the Mint and his lady, Mr. Williamson, Sir Nicholas Armourer, 1 Sir Edward Bowyer, Sir Anthony Auger, and other friends dined with me. 29th. I went to Gravesend ; the Dutch fleet still at anchor before the river, where I saw five of his Majesty's men-at-war encounter above twenty of the Dutch, in the bottom of the Hope, chasing them with many broadsides given and returned towards the buoy of the Nore, where the body of their fleet lay, which lasted till about midnight. One of their ships was fired, supposed by themselves, she being run on ground. Having seen this bold action, and their braving us so far up the river, I went home the next day, not without indignation at our negligence, and the nation's reproach. It is well known who of the Commis- sioners of the Treasury gave advice that the charge of setting forth a fleet this year might be spared, Sir W. C. (William Coventry) by name. 1st August. I received the sad news of Abraham Cow- ley's death, that incomparable poet and virtuous man, my very dear friend, and was greatly deplored. 3rd. Went to Mr. Cowley's funeral, whose corpse lay at Wallingford House, and was thence conveyed to West- minster Abbey in a hearse with six horses and all funeral decency, near a hundred coaches of noblemen and persons of quality following; among these, all the wits of the town, divers bishops and clergymen. He was interred next Geoffrey Chaucer, and near Spenser. A goodly monument is since erected to his memory. Now did his Majesty again dine in the presence, in ancient state, with music and all the court-ceremonies, which had been interrupted since the late war. 8th. Visited Mr. Oldenburg, a close prisoner in the Tower, being suspected of writing intelligence. I had an order from Lord Arlington, Secretary of State, which caused me to be admitted. This gentleman was secretary to our Society, and I am confident will prove an innocent person. 3 1 Sir Nicholas (a different person from Sir James) Armourer was Equerry to Charles II. Pepys tells a curious anecdote of his inducing the King to drink the Duke of York's health on hii knees The Queen of Bohemia talks of him familiarly in her letters as Nick Annourer. ' Henry Oldenburg, Secretary to the Royal Society. He was 30 Diary Of [London i$th. Finished my account, amounting to 25,000!. ijth. To the funeral of Mr. Farringdon, a relation of my wife's. There was now a very gallant horse to be baited to death with dogs; but he fought them all, so as the fiercest! of them could not fasten on him, till the men run him through with their swords. This wicked and barbarous sport deserved to have been punished in the cruel con- trivers to get money, under pretence that the horse had killed a man, which was false. I would not be persuaded to be a spectator. 21st. Saw the famous Italian puppet-play, for it was no other. 24M. I was appointed, with the rest of my brother Commissioners, to put in execution an order of Council for freeing the prisoners-at-war in my custody at Leeds Castle, and taking off his Majesty's extraordinary charge, having called before us the French and Dutch agents. The Peace was now proclaimed, in the usual form, by the heralds-at-arms. 2$th. After evening service, 1 went to visit Mr. Vau- ghan, 1 who lay at Greenwich, a very wise and learned person, one of Mr. Selden's executors and intimate friends. 27th. Visited the Lord Chancellor, to whom his Majesty had sent for the seals a few days before ; I found him in his bed-chamber, very sad. The Parliament had accused him, and he had enemies at Court, especially the buffoons and ladies of pleasure, because he thwarted some of them, and stood in their way; I could name some ofj the chief. The truth is, he made few friends during his grandeur among the royal sufferers, but advanced the old rebels. He was, however, though no considerable lawyer, one who kept up the form and substance of things in the Nation with more solemnity than some would have had. He was my particular kind friend, on all occasions. The Cabal, however, prevailed, and that party in Parliament. Great division at Court concerning him, and divers great persons interceding for him. 28th. I dined with my late Lord Chancellor, where also dined Mr. Ashburnham, and Mr. W. Legge, of the Bed- I committed to the Tower, as Pepys informs us, " for writing new* j ?o a virtuoso in France," but was shortly afterwards liberated. 1 Afterwards, Lord Chief Justice. i«7j John Evelyn 31 chamber; 1 his Lordship pretty well in heart, though now many of his friends and sycophants abandoned him. In the afternoon, to the Lords Commissioners for money, and thence to the audience of a Russian Envoy in the Queen's presence-chamber, introduced with much state, the soldiers, pensioners, and guards in their order. His letters of credence brought by his secretary in a scarf of sarsenet, their vests sumptuous, much embroidered with pearls. He delivered his speech in the Russ language, but without the least action, or motion, of his body, which was immediately interpreted aloud by a German that spake good English : half of it consisted in repetition of the Czar's Titles, which were very haughty and oriental : the substance of the rest was, that he was only sent to see the King and Queen, and know how they did, with much compliment and frothy language. Then, they kissed their Majesties' hands, and went as they came; but their real errand was to get money. 2gth August. We met at the Star-Chamber about exchange and release of prisoners. yth September. Came Sir John Kiviet, to article with me about his brickwork. 2 13/h. Betwixt the hours of twelve and one, was born my second daughter, who was afterwards christened Elizabeth. igth. To London, with Mr. Henry Howard, of Norfolk, of whom I obtained the gift of his Arundelian Marbles, those celebrated and famous inscriptions Greek and Latin, gathered with so much cost and industry from Greece, by his illustrious grandfather, the magnificent Earl of Arundel, my noble friend whilst he lived. When I saw these precious monuments miserably neglected, and scat- tered up and down about the garden, and other parts of Arundel House, and how exceedingly the corrosive air of London impaired them, I procured him to bestow them on 1 John Ashburnham, Groom of the Bedchamber to Charles I. and Charles II. Colonel William Legge, Treasurer and Superintendent of the Ordnance, Member for Southampton, and father of the first Lord Dartmouth, filled the same post. Pepys describes him as " a pleasant man, and that hnth seen much of the world, and more of the Court." He was with Charles I. during the rebellion, and represented Sussex in Parliament. Another of the Ashburnham*; filled the office of Cofferer. Pepys frequently alludes to both. ' Ante, pp. 22, 23. 32 Diary of lLondonj the University of Oxford. This he was pleased to grant me ; and now gave me the key of the gallery, with leave to mark all those stones, urns, altars, &c, and whatever! I found had inscriptions on them, that were not statues. This I did ; and getting them removed and piled together, with those which were incrusted in the garden walls, I sent immediately letters to the Vice-Chancellor of what I had procured, and that if they esteemed it a service to the University (of which I had been a member), they should take order for their transportation. This done, 21st, I accompanied Mr. Howard to his villa at Albury, where I designed for him the plot of his canal and garden, with a crypt 1 through the hill. 24th. Returned to London, where I had orders to deliver the possession of Chelsea College (used as my prison during the war with Holland for such as were sent from the fleet to London) to our Society, as a gift of his Majesty our founder. 8th October. Came to dine with me Dr. Bathurst, Dean of Wells, President of Trinity College, sent by the Vice- Chancellor of Oxford, in the name both of him and the whole University, to thank me for procuring the Inscrip- tions, and to receive my directions what was to be done to show their gratitude to Mr. Howard. nth. I went to see Lord Clarendon, late Lord Chan- cellor and greatest officer in England, in continual appre- hension what the Parliament would determine concerning him. ijth. Came Dr. Barlow, Provost of Queen's College and Protobibliothecus of the Bodleian library, to take order about the transportation of the Marbles. 25th. There were delivered to me two letters from the Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, with the Decree of the Con- vocation, attested by the Public Notary, ordering four Doctors of Divinity and Law to acknowledge the obliga- tion the University had to me for procuring the Marmora Arundeliana, which was solemnly done by Dr. Barlow, 3 Dr. Jenkins, 3 Judge of the Admiralty, Dr. Lloyd, and Obadiah Walker, 4 of University College, who having 1 Still in part remaining (1820), but stopped up at the further end. > Bishop of Lincoln. <* Afterwards Sir Leoline Jenkins, Secretary of State. * Subsequently, hrad of that College. See ante, vol. I. pp. 246, »73 ; also, see post, under 1675, J u 'y : ftn ^ 1686, May. 1667] John Evelyn 33 made a large compliment from the University, delivered me the decree fairly written : Gesta venerabili domo Convocationis Universitatis Oxon. ; . . 17. 1667. Quo die retulit ad Senatum Academicum Dominus Vicecancel- larius, quantum Universitas deberet singulari benevolentiae Johannis Evelini Armigeri, qui pro ea pietate qua Almam Matrem prosequitur non solum Suasu et Consilio apud inclytum Heroem Henricum Howard, Ducis Norfolciae haeredem, intercessit, et Universitati pretio- sissimum eruditae antiquitatis thesaurum Marmora Arundeliana largi- retur : sed egregium insuper in ijs colligendis asservandisq ; navavit operam : Quapropter unanimi suffragio Venerabilis Domus decretum est, ut eidem publicas gratia? per delegatos ad Honoratissimum Domi- num Henricum Howard propediem mittendos solemniter reddantur. Concordant superscripta cum originali collatione facta per me Ben. Cooper, Notarium Publicum et Registarium Universitat Oxon. " Sir, " We intend also a noble inscription, in which also honourable mention shall be made of yourself ; but Mr. Vice-Chancellor com- mands me to tell you that that was not sufficient for your merits ; but, that if your occasions would permit you to come down at the Act (when we intend a dedication of our new Theatre), some other testimony should be given both of your own worth and affection to this your old Mother ; for we are all very sensible that this great addition of learning and reputation to the University is due as well to your industrious care for the University, and interest with my Lord Howard, as to his great nobleness and generosity of spirit. " I am, Sir, your most humble servant, " Oraoiah Walker, Univ. Coll." The Vice-Chancellor's letter to the same effect were too vainglorious to insert, with divers copies of verses that were also sent me. Their mentioning me in the inscrip- tion I totally declined, when I directed the titles of Mr. Howard, now made Lx>rd, upon his Ambassage to Morocco. These four doctors, having made me this compliment, desired me to carry and introduce them to Mr. Howard, at Arundel-House : which I did, Dr. Barlow (Provost of Queen's) after a short speech, delivering a larger letter of the University's thanks, which was written in Latin, ex- pressing the great sense they had of the honour done them. After this compliment handsomely performed and as nobly received, Mr. Howard accompanied the Doctors to their coach. That evening, I supped with them. 26th October. My late Lord Chancellor was accused by Mr. Seymour in the House of Commons ; and, in the even- ing, I returned home. rj 17 1 B 34 Diary of [London 31st. My birth-day — blessed be God for aJl his mercies I I made the Royal Society a present of the Table of Veins! Arteries, and Nerves, which great curiosity I had caused to be made in Italy, out of the natural human bodies, bjl a learned physician, and the help of Veslingius (professor] at Padua), from whence I brought them in 1646. 1 Fob this I received the public thanks of the Society; and theyj are hanging up in their Repository with an inscription. gth December. To visit the late Lord Chancellor. 2 II found him in his garden at his new-built palace, sitting^ in his gout wheel-chair, and seeing the gates setting up] towards the north and the fields. He looked and spakq very disconsolately. After some while deploring his con- dition to me, I took my leave. Next morning, I heard! he was gone; though I am persuaded that, had he gone sooner, though but to Cornbury, and there lain quiet, it would have satisfied the Parliament. That which exasperJ ated them was his presuming to stay and contest the! accusation as long as it was possible : and they were on| the point of sending him to the Tower. 10th. I went to the funeral of Mrs. Heath, wife of my| worthy friend and schoolfellow. 21st. I saw one Carr pilloried at Charing-cross for al libel, which was burnt before him oy the hangman. 1667-8. 8th January. I saw deep and prodigiousl gaming at the Groom-Porter's, vast heaps of gold squan- dered away in a vain and profuse manner. This I looked on as a horrid vice, and unsuitable in a Christian Court. gth. Went to see the revels at the Middle Temple, which is also an old riotous custom, and has relation neither to virtue nor policy. loth. To visit Mr. Povey, where were divers great l See ante, vol. i. p. 214- ' This entry of the 9th December, 1667, is a mistake. Evelyn couldl not have visited the " late Lord Chancellor " on that day. Lord] Clarendon fled on Saturday, the 39th of November, 1667, and his letter] resigning the Chancellorship of the University of Oxford is dated from Calais on the 7th of December. That Evelyn's book is not, in] every respect, strictly a diary, is shown by this and several similar] passages already adverted to in the remarks prefixed to the first] volume. If the entry of the 18th of September, 1683, is correct, the date of Evelyn's last visit to Lord Clarendon was the jSth of November, 1667. (Sec p. 188 of the present volume,) M68] John Evelyn 35 .Lords to see his well-contrived cellar, and other egancies. 1 24th. We went to stake out ground for building a college for the Royal Society at Arundel House, but did not finish it, which we shall repent of. 4th February. I saw the tragedy of Horace (written by the virtuous Mrs. Phillips) acted before their Majesties. Betwixt each act a masque and antique dance. The exces- sive gallantry of the ladies was infinite, those especially on that .... Castlemaine, esteemed at 40,000^. and more, far outshining the Queen. 15M. I saw the audience of the Swedish Ambassador Count Donna, in great state in the banqueting-house. 3rd March. Was launched at Deptford, that goodly vessel, The Charles. I was near his Majesty. She is longer than the Sovereign, and carries no brass cannon; she was built by old Shish, a plain honest carpenter, master-builder of this dock, but one who can give very little account of his art by discourse, and is hardly capable ot reading, 2 yet of great ability in his calling. The family have been ship-carpenters in this yard above 300 years. 12th. Went to visit Sir John Cotton, who had me into his library, full of good MSS. Greek and Latin, but most famous for those of the Saxon and English Anti- quities, collected by his grandfather. 2nd April. To the Royal Society, where I subscribed 50,000 bricks, towards building a college. Amongst other libertine libels, there was one now printed and thrown about, a bold petition of the poor w s to Lady Castle- maine. 3 gth. To London, about finishing my grand account of the sick and wounded, and prisoners at war, amounting to above ^34,000. I heard Sir R. Howard impeach Sir William Penn, 4 in 1 See ante, p. 8, and vol. i. pp. 379, 387; and post, p. 108. 1 The like was to be said of Mr. Brindley, who executed such great works for the Duke of Bridgewater towards the close of the eighteenth century. ' Evelyn has been supposed himself to have written this piece. * Father of the Founder of Pennsylvania, whom Evelyn in a subse- quent page accuses of having published " a blasphemous book against the Deity of our blessed Lord." Sir William Penn held the rank of Admiral, and had distinguished himself in the battle with the Dutch in t(^4, which gained him the honour of knighthood. He was Governor of Kinsale, and died in 1670. 36 Diary Of [Londoaj the House of Lords, for breaking bulk, and taking away rich goods out of the East India prizes, formerly takenj by Lord Sandwich. 28th. To London, about the purchase of Ravensbourne! Mills, and land around it, in Upper Deptford, of one Mr. Becher. 30th. We sealed the deeds in Sir Edward Thurland's chambers in the Inner Temple. I pray God bless it to me, it being a dear pennyworth ; but the passion Sir R. Browne had for it, and that it was contiguous to our other grounds, engaged me ! 13th May. Invited by that expert commander, Captain Cox, master of the lately built Charles the Second, now the best vessel of the fleet, designed for the Duke of York, I went to Erith, where we had a great dinner. 1 6th. Sir Richard Edgecombe, of Mount Edgecombe, by Plymouth, my relation, came to visit me; a very virtu- ous and worthy gentleman. igth June. To a new play with several of my relations, The Evening Lover, 1 a foolish plot, and very profane; it afflicted me to see how the stage was degenerated and polluted by the licentious times. 2nd July. Sir Samuel Tuke, Bart., 3 and the lady he had married this day, came and bedded at night at my house, many friends accompanying the bride. 23rd. At the Royal Society, were presented divers glossa petras, and other natural curiosities, found in digging to build the fort at Sheerness. They were just the same as they bring from Malta, pretending them to be viper's teeth, whereas, in truth, they are of a shark, as we found by comparing them with one in our Repository. 3rd August. Mr. Bramstone, (son to Judge B.), my old fellow-traveller, now Reader at the Middle Temple, invited me to his feast, which was so very extravagant and great as the like had not been seen at any time. There 1 There is no play extant with this name ; and though the latter might be but a second title (for Evelyn frequently mentions only one name of a play that has two), it is next to certain that he here means Dryden's comedy of An Evening's Love, or. The Mock Astrologer, which is indeed sufliciently licentious. It was produced and printed in 1668, when Evelyn appears to have seen it. 5 Evelyn's cousin, and a colonel in the army of Charles I. His seat was at Cressing Temple, Essex. i668] John Evelyn 37 were the Duke of Ormond, Privy Seal, Bedford, Belasis, Halifax, and a world more of Earls and Lords. i^th. His Majesty was pleased to grant me a lease of a slip of ground out of Brick Close, to enlarge my fore- court, for which I now gave him thanks; then, entering into other discourse, he talked to me of a new varnish for ships, instead of pitch, and of the gilding with which his new yacht was beautified. I showed his Majesty the per- petual motion sent to me by Dr. Stokes, from Cologne; and then came in Monsieur Colbert, the French Ambassador. iqJ/i. I saw the magnificent entry of the French Ambassador Colbert, received in the Banqueting House. I had never seen a richer coach than that which he came in to Whitehall. Standing by his Majesty at dinner in the presence, there was of that rare fruit called the King-pine, growing in Barbadoes and the West Indies; the first of them I had ever seen. 1 His Majesty having cut it up, was pleased to give me a piece off his own plate to taste of ; but, in my opinion, it falls short of those ravishing varieties of deliciousness described in Captain Ligon's History, and others; but possibly it might be, or certainly was, much impaired in coming so far; it has yet a grate- ful acidity, but tastes more like the quince and melon than of any other fruit he mentions. 28th. Published my book of The perfection of Faint-' ing, 2 dedicated to Mr. Howard. iyth September. I entertained Signor Muccinigo, the Venetian Ambassador, of one of the noblest families of the State, this being the day of making his public entry, set- ting forth from my house with several gentlemen of Venice and others in a very glorious train. He staid with me till the Earl of Anglesea and Sir Charles Cotterell (Master oi the Ceremonies) came with the King's barge to carry him to the Tower, where the guns were fired at his landing; he then entered his Majesty's coach, followed by many others of the nobility. I accompanied him to his house, where there was a most noble supper to all the company, of course. After the extraordinary compliments to me and my wife, for the civilities he received at my house, I took leave and returned. He is a very accomplished person. He is since Ambassador at Rome. 1 See ante, as to the Queen-pine, vol. i. p. 359. • Reprinted in Evelyn's " Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 553-561 38 Diary of [London 29th. I had much discourse with Signor Pietro Cisij, A Persian gentleman, about the affairs of Turkey, to mjj great satisfaction. I went to see Sir Elias Leighton's ^ project of a cart with iron axle-trees. 8th November. Being at dinner, my sister Evelyn sent for me to come up to London to my continuing sick brother. i/jiJi. To London, invited to the consecration of that excellent person, the Dean of Ripon, Dr. VVilkins, now made Bishop of Chester; it was at Ely-House, the Arch- bishop of Canterbury, Dr. Cosin Bishop of Durham, the Bishops of Ely, Salisbury, Rochester, and others officiat- ing. Dr. Tillotson preached. Then, we went to a sumptuous dinner in the hall, where were the Duke of Buckingham, Judges, Secretaries of State, Lord-Keeper, Council, Noblemen, and innumerable other company, who were honourers of this incomparable man, universally beloved by all who knew him. This being the Queen's birth-day, great was the gal- lantry at Whitehall, and the night celebrated with very fine fireworks. My poor brother continuing ill, I went not from him till the 17th, when, dining at the Groom Porters, I heard Sir Edward Sutton play excellently on the Irish harp; he per- forms genteelly, but not approaching my worthy friend, Mr. Clark, a gentleman of Northumberland, who makes it excute lute, viol, and all the harmony an instrument is capable of; pity it is that it is not more in use; but, indeed, to play well, takes up the whole man, as Mr. Clark has assured me, who, though a gentleman of quality and parts, was yet brought up to that instrument from five years old, as I remember he told me. 25th. I waited on Lord Sandwich, who presented me with a Sembrador he brought out of Spain, showing me his two books of observations made during his embassy and stay at Madrid ; in which were several rare things he promised to impart to me. 27th. I dined at my Lord Ashley's (since Earl of Shaftes- l The Sir Ellis Layton of Pepys. He was secretary to the Prize Office, and to the Duke of York. " A mad freaking fellow " — accord- ing to ane authority — though a Doctor of Civil Law, and brother to the Bishop of Dumblane. According to another, " for a speech of forty words the wittiest man that ever he knew," and moreover " one of the best companions at a meal in the world." ^ John Evelyn 39 bury), when the match of my niece 1 was proposed for his tmly son, in which my assistance was desired for my Lord. 28th. Dr. Patrick preached at Covent Garden, on Acts vii. 31, the certainty of Christ's coming to judgment, it jeing Advent; a. most suitable discourse. igth December. I went to see the old play of Cataline cted, having been now forgotten almost forty years. 20th. I dined with my Lord Cornbury, at Clarendon- House, now bravely furnished, especially with the pictures of most of our ancient and modern wits, poets, philo- sophers, famous and learned Englishmen; which collec- tion of the Chancellor's I much commended, and gave his Lordship a catalogue of more to be added. 2 l Probably the daughter of his brother, Richard, of Epsom, but who married Mr. Montagu. ' It will be well to subjoin here what is said by Evelyn, in a letter to the Lord Chancellor, dated 18th March, 1666-7 : " My Lord, your Lordship inquires of me what pictures might be added to the Assembly of the Learned and Heroic persons of England which your Lordship has already collected ; the design of which I do infinitely more magnify than the most famous heads of foreigners, which do not concern the glory of our country ; and it is my opinion the most honourable ornament, the most becoming and obliging, which your Lordship can think of to adorn your palace withal, such, therefore, as seem to be wanting, I shall range under these three heads : The Learned. Sir Hen. Saville. Geo. Ripley. Abp. of Armagh. Win. of Occam. Dr. Harvey. Hadrian 4th. Sir H. Wotton. Alex. Ales. Sir T. Bodley. Ven. Bede. G. Buchanan. Jo. Duns Scotus. Jo. Barclay. Alcuinus. Ed. Spencer. Ridley, ) mart Wm. Lily. Latimer, J ' Wm. Hooker. Roger Ascham. Dr. Sanderson. Sir. J. Checke. Wm. Oughtred. T „ .- _ /Eliz. Joan Weston.* M. Philips. Ladies \Jane Grey. Rog. Bacon. Politicians. Sir Fra. Walsingham. Card. Wolsey. Earl of Leicester. Sir T. Smith. Sir W. Raleigh. Card. Pole. [Soldiers, &c, continued p. 40. • For an account of Ladv Joan Weston, less known than her companion, see Ballard's Learned Ladies. There is a very scarce volume of Latin Poems by her, printed at Prafpw, i6uo, and Evelyn specially mentions hex in his NumitmatM. She is often edebratod by the writers of her time. 40 Diary Of [London j 31st December. I entertained my kind neighbours,! according to custom, giving Almighty God thanks for His gracious mercies to me the past year. 1668-9. I5 ' January. Imploring His blessing for the] year entering, I went to church, where our Doctor preached on Psalm lxv. 12, apposite to the season, and beginning a new year. 3rd. About this time one of Sir William Penn's sons had published a blasphemous book against the Deity of our Blessed Lord. 29th. I went to see a tall gigantic woman who meas- ured 6 feet 10 inches high, at 21 years old, born in the Low Countries. 131/1 February. I presented his Majesty with my History of the Four Impostors ; x he told me of other like cheats. I gave my book to Lord Arlington, to whom I dedicated it. It was now that he began to tempt me about writing " the Dutch War." 15th. Saw Mrs. Phillips' Horace 3 acted again. Soldiers. Sir Fra. Drake. Earl of Essex. Sir J. Hawkins. Talbot. Sir Martin Frobisher. Sir F. Greville. Tho. Cavendish. Hor. E. of Oxford. Sir. Ph. Sidney. Some of which, though difficult to procure originals of, yet haply copies might be found out upon diligent inquiries. The rest, I think, your Lordship has already in good proportion." Writing on the same subject to Pepys, in a letter dated 12th August, 1689 (" Correspondence," vol. iii. p. 294), Evelyn tells him that the Lord Chancellor, Clarendon, had collected Portraits of very many of our great men ; and he proceeds to put them down, without order or arrangement, as he recollected them. He gives also there a list of Portraits which he recommended to be added, a little different from the list contained in the letter above-quoted ; and he adds, that " when Lord Clarendon's design of making this collection was known, everybody who had any of the portraits, or could purchase them *l any price, strove to make their court by presenting them. By this means he got many excellent pieces of Vandyke, and other originals by Lely and other the best of our modern masters." 1 Re-printed in Evelyn's " Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 563 — 620. ' Ante, p. 35. Mrs. Phillips was a poetess of celebrity in her time, known as " the matchless Orinda." The work mentioned by Evelyn, was her translation of P. Corneille's " Horace," which Pepys calls " a silly tragedy." Marcellus Malpighi was eminent for his discoveries respecting the economy of the liver and kidneys, and for his rest urchet in vegetable physiology. He was born 1628, and died 1694. 1669] John Evelyn 41 18th. To the Royal Society, when Signor Malpighi, an Italian physician and anatomist, sent this learned body the incomparable History of the Silkworm. 1st March. Dined at Lord Arlington's at Goring House, with the Bishop of Hereford. qth. To the Council of the Royal Society, about dis- posing my Lord Howard's library, now given to us. 16th. To London, to place Mr. Christopher Wase about my Lord Arlington. 18th. I went with Lord Howard of Norfolk, to visit Sir William Ducie at Charlton, where we dined ; the servants made our coachmen so drunk, that they both fell off their boxes on the heath, where we were fain to leave them, and were driven to London by two servants of my Lord's. This barbarous custom of making the masters welcome by intoxicating the servants, had now the second time happened to my coachman. My son came finally from Oxford. 2nd April. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's, where was (with many noblemen) Colonel Titus of the bed-chamber, author of the famous piece against Cromwell, Killing no Murder. I now placed Mr. Wase with Mr. Williamson, Secretary to the Secretary of State, and Clerk of the Papers. i^th. I dined with the Archbishop of Canterbury, at Lambeth, and saw the library, which was not very con- siderable. 19th May. At a council of the Royal Society our grant was finished, in which his Majesty gives us Chelsea College, and some land about it. It was ordered that five should be a quorum for a Council. The Vice-President was then sworn for the first time, and it was proposed how we should receive the Prince of Tuscany, who desired to visit the Society. 20th. This evening, at 10 o'clock, was born my third daughter, who was baptised on the 25th by the name of Susannah. 3rd June. Went to take leave of Lord Howard, going Ambassador to Morocco. Dined at Lord Arlington's, where were the Earl of Berkshire, Lord Saint John, Sir Robert Howard, and Sir R. Holmes. 10th. Came my Lord Cornbury, Sir William Pulteney, 1 1 A distinguished Parliament man, grandfather of the first Earl 42 Diary of [Oxford and others to visit me. I went this evening to London, to carry Mr. Pepys to my brother Richard, now exceedingly afflicted with the stone, who had been successfully cut, and carried the stone as big as a tennis-ball to show him, and encourage his resolution to go through the operation. 30th June. My wife went a journey of pleasure down the river as far as the sea, with Mrs. Howard and her daughter, the Maid of Honour, and others, amongst whom that excellent creature, Mrs. Blagg. 1 jth July. I went towards Oxford ; lay at Little Wycomb. 8th. Oxford. gth. In the morning, was celebrated the Encasnia of the New Theatre, so magnificently built by the munificence of Dr. Gilbert Sheldon, Archbishop of Canterbury, in which was spent ^25,000, as Sir Christopher Wren, the architect (as I remember), told me; and yet it was never seen by the benefactor, my Lord Archbishop having told me that he never did or ever would see it. It is, in truth, a fabric comparable to any of this kind of former ages, and doubtless exceeding any of the present, as this Univer- sity does for colleges, libraries, schools, students, and order, all the Universities in the world. To the theatre is added the famous Sheldonian printing-house. This being at the Act and the first time of opening the Theatre (Acts being formerly kept in St. Mary's church, which might be thought indecent, that being a place set apart for the immediate worship of God, and was the inducement for building this noble pile), it was now resolved to keep the present Act in it, and celebrate its dedication with the greatest splendour and formality that might be; and, therefore, drew a world of strangers, and other company, to the University, from all parts of the nation. The Vice-Chancellor, Heads of Houses, and Doctors, being seated in magisterial seats, the Vice-Chancellor's chair and desk, Proctors, &c. covered with brocatelle (a kind of brocade) and cloth of gold ; the University Registrar read the founder's grant and gift of it to the of Bath. He was a Commissioner of the Privy Seal under William III., and died in 1671. 1 Afterwards Mrs. Godolphin, whose life, written by Evelyn, has been published under the auspices of the Bishop of Oxford. The affect- ing circumstances of her death will be found recorded at p. 127 of the present volume. 1669] John Evelyn 43 University for their scholastic exercises upon these solemn occasions. Then followed Dr. South, 1 the University's orator, in an eloquent speech, which was very long, and not without some malicious and indecent reflections on the Foyal Society, as underminers of the University; which was very foolish and untrue, as well as unseasonable. But, to let that pass from an ill-natured man, the rest was in praise of the Archbishop and the ingenious architect. This ended, after loud music from the corridor above, where an organ was placed, there followed divers panegyric speeches, both in prose and verse, interchangeably pro- nounced by the young students placed in the rostrums, in Pindarics, Eclogues, Heroics, &c, mingled with excel- lent music, vocal and instrumental, to entertain the ladies and the rest of the company. A speech was then made jn praise of academical learning. This lasted from eleven in the morning till seven at night, which was concluded with ringing of bells, and universal joy and feasting. 10th July. The next day began the more solemn lectures in all the faculties, which were performed in the several schools, where all the Inceptor-Doctors did their exercises, the Professors having first ended their reading. The assembly now returned to the Theatre, where the Terra filius (the University Buffoon) entertained the audit- ory with a tedious, abusive, sarcastical rhapsody, most unbecoming the gravity of the University, and that so grossly, that unless it be suppressed, it will be of ill con- sequence, as I afterwards plainly expressed my sense of it both to the Vice-Chancellor and several Heads of Houses, who were perfectly ashamed of it, and resolved to take care of it in future. The old facetious way of rallying upon the questions was left off, falling wholly upon persons, so that it was rather licentious lying and railing than genuine and noble wit. In my life, I was never witness of so shameful entertainment. After this ribaldry, the Proctors made their speeches. Then began the music art, vocal and instrumental, above in the balustrade corridor opposite to the Vice-Chancellor's 1 Robert South, D.D., Prebendary of Westminster and Canon of Christ-church, one of the most eloquent preachers of the seventeenth century. Pepys alludes to his having been seized with a fainting fit in the pulpit while preaching before the King. He nevertheless lived to the a^e of eighty-three. 44 Diary of [Oxford seat. Then, Dr. Wallis, the mathematical Professor, made his oration, and created one Doctor of music according to the usual ceremonies of gown (which was of white damask), cap, ring, kiss, &c. Next followed the disputa- tions of the Inceptor-Doctors in Medicine, the speech of their Professor, Dr. Hyde, and so in course their respective creations. Then disputed the Inceptors of Law, the speech of their Professor, and creation. Lastly, Inceptors of Theology : Dr. Compton (brother to the Earl of North- ampton) being junior, began with great modesty and applause ; so the rest. After which, Dr. Tillotson, Dr. Sprat, &c. , and then Dr. Allestree's speech, the King's Professor, and their respective creations. 1 Last of all, the Vice-Chancellor, shutting up the whole in a panegyrical oration, celebrating their benefactor and the rest, apposite to the occasion. Thus was the Theatre dedicated by the scholastic exer- cises in all the Faculties with great solemnity ; and the night, as the former, entertaining the new Doctor's friends in feasting and music. I was invited by Dr. Barlow, the worthy and learned Professor of Queen's College. nth July. The Act sermon was this forenoon preached by Dr. Hall, in St. Mary's, in an honest practical discourse against Atheism. In the afternoon, the church was so 1 Thomas Hyde, D.D., Hebrew Reader, Keeper of the Bodleian Library, Prebend of Salisbury Cathedral, Regius Professor of Hebrew, and Canon of Christchurch, Oxford ; author of a Latin History of the Ancient Persians and Medes, and one of Walton's coadjutors in the great polyglot Bible. Born in 1638, and died in 1703. — Henry, son of Spencer Compton, Earl of Northampton, slain at the battle of Hopton Heath, commenced his career as a cornet of dragoons, but after a short time abandoned the army for the church, in which he raised himself by his talents to be Bishop of Oxford, and in 1675 was translated to the see of London. He was a zealous Protestant during the reign of James II., and not only was instru- mental in bringing over William of Orange to this country, bur placed the crown upon his head, on Archbishop Sancroft refusing to assist at the coronation. He wrote several works of a religious character, and a translation of the life of Donna Olympia Maldachina, from the Italian. He died in 1713. — Dr. Thomas Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, the biographer of Cowley, historian of the Royal Society, and author of sundry verses and sermons. Born in 1636, died 17 13. — Richard Allestree was first designed for the church, but the Civil War forced him into the army. At the Restoration he returned to his original profession, in which he raised himself to considerable eminence. Born 1619, died 1680 1669] John Evelyn 45 crowded, that not coming early I could not approach to hear. 12th July. Monday. Was held the Divinity Act in the Theatr; again, when proceeded seventeen Doctors, in all Faculties some. 13th I dined at the Vice-Chancellor's, and spent the afterncon in seeing the rarities of the public libraries, and visiting the noble marbles and inscriptions, now inserted in the walls that compass the area of the Theatre, which were 150 of the most ancient and worthy treasures of that kind in the learned world. Now, observing that people approach them too near, some idle persons began to scratch and injure them, I advised that a hedge of holly should be planted at the foot of the wall, to be kept breast- high only to protect them ; which the Vice-Chancellor promised to do the next season. 14th. Dr. Fell, 1 Dean of Christ-church and Vice-Chan- cellor, with Dr. Allestree, Professor, with beadles and maces before them, came to visit me at my lodging. — I went to visit Lord Howard's sons at Magdalen College. 15th. Having two days before had notice that the University intended me the honour of Doctorship, 1 was this morning attended by the beadles belonging to the Law, who conducted me to the Theatre, where I found the Duke of Ormond (now Chancellor of the University) with the Earl of Chesterfield and Mr. Spencer (brother to the late Earl of Sunderland). Thence, we marched to the Convocation-House, a convocation having been called on purpose ; here, being all of us robed in the porch, in scarlet with caps and hoods, we were led in by the Pro- fessor of Laws, and presented respectively by name, with a short eulogy, to the Vice-Chancellor, who sate in the chair, with all the Doctors and Heads of Houses and masters about the room, which was exceeding full. Then, began the Public Orator his speech, directed chiefly to the Duke of Ormond, the Chancellor; but in which I had my compliment, in course. This ended, we were called up, and created Doctors according to the form, and seated by the Vice-Chancellor amongst the Doctors, on his right hand ; then, the Vice-Chancellor made a short speech, and so, saluting our brother Doctors, the page- antry concluded, and the convocation was dissolved. So 1 Afterward* Bisbop of Oxford. 46 Diary Of [London formal a creation of honorary Doctors had seldom been seen, that a convocation should be called on purpose, and speeches made by the Orator; but they could do no less, their Chancellor being to receive, or rather do them, this honour. I should have been made Doctor with the rest at the public Act, but their expectation of their Chancellor made them defer it. I was then led with my brother Doctors to an extraordinary entertainment at Doctor Mewes', head of St. John's College, and, after abund- ance of feasting and compliments, having visited the Vice- Chancellor and other Doctors, and given them thanks for the honour done me, I went towards home the 16th, and got as far as Windsor, and so to my house the next day. 4th August. I was invited by Sir Henry Peckham to his reading-feast in the Middle Temple, a pompous enter- tainment, where were the Archbishop of Canterbury, all the great Earls and Lords, &c. I had much discourse with my Lord Winchelsea, a prodigious talker ; and the Venetian Ambassador. 17th. To London, spending almost the entire day in surveying what progress was made in re-building the ruinous City, which now began a little to revive after its sad calamity. 20th. I saw the splendid audience of the Danish Ambassador in the Banqueting-House at Whitehall. 23rd. I went to visit my most excellent and worthy neighbour, the Lord Bishop of Rochester, at Bromley, which he was now repairing, after the dilapidations of the late Rebellion. 2nd September. I was this day very ill of a pain in my limbs, which continued most of this week, and was in- creased by a visit I made to my old acquaintance, the Earl of Norwich, at his house in Epping Forest, where are many good pictures put into the wainscot of the rooms, which Mr. Baker, his Lordship's predecessor there, brought out of Spain; especially the History of Joseph, a picture of the pious and learned Picus Mirandula, and an incomparable one of old Breugel. The gardens were well understood, I mean the potager. I returned late in the evening, ferrying over the water at Greenwich. 26th. To church, to give God thanks for my recovery. 3rd October. I received the Blessed Eucharist, to my unspeakable joy. 1670] John Evelyn 47 21st. To the Royal Society, meeting for the first time after a long recess, during vacation, according to custom ; where was read a description of the prodigious eruption of Mount Etna; and our English itinerant presented an account of his autumnal peregrination about England, for which we hired him, bringing dried fowls, fish, plants, animals, &c. 26th. My dear brother continued extremely full of pain, the Lord be gracious to him 1 3rd November. This being the day of meeting for the poor, we dined neighbourly together. 25th. I heard an excellent discourse by Dr. Patrick, on the Resurrection ; and afterwards, visited the Countess of ICent, my kinswoman. 8th December. To London, upon the second edition of my Sylva, which I presented to the Royal Society. 1669-70. 6th February. Dr. John Breton, Master of Emmanuel College, in Cambridge (uncle to our vicar), preached on John i. 27; "whose shoe-lachet I am not worthy to unloose," &c. , describing the various fashions of shoes, or sandals, worn by the Jews, and other nations : of the ornaments of the feet : how great persons had servants that took them off when they came to their houses, and bare them after them : by which pointing the dignity of our Saviour, when such a person as St. John Baptist acknowledged his unworthiness even of that mean office. The lawfulness, decentness, and necessity, of subordinate degrees and ranks of men and servants, as well in the Church as State : against the late levellers, and others of that dangerous rabble, who would have all alike. 3rd March. Finding my brother [Richard] in such exceeding torture, and that he now began to fall into con- vulsion-fits, I solemnly set the next day apart to beg of God to mitigate his sufferings, and prosper the only means which yet remained for his recovery, he being not only much wasted, but exceedingly and all along averse from being cut (for the stone) ; but, when he at last consented, and it came to the operation, and all things prepared, his spirit and resolution failed. 6th. Dr. Patrick l preached in Covent Garden church. 1 Simon Patrick, Prebendary of Westminster, Dean of Peter- borough, Bishop of Chichester, thence removed to the see of Ely, r.d author of several religious works, in which he put himself for- 48 Diary Of [London I participated of the Blessed Sacrament, recommending to God the deplorable condition of my dear brother, who was almost in the last agonies of death. 1 watched late with him this night. It pleased God to deliver him out of this miserable life, towards five o'clock this Monday morning, to my unspeakable grief. He was a brother whom I most dearly loved, for his many virtues ; but two years younger than myself, a sober, prudent, worthy gentleman. He had married a great fortune, and left one only daughter, and a noble seat at Woodcot, near Epsom. His body was opened, and a stone taken out of his bladder, not much bigger than a nutmeg. I returned home on the 8th, full of sadness, and to bemoan my ioss. 20th. A stranger preached at the Savoy French church ; the Liturgy of the Church of England being now used altogether, as translated into French by Dr. Durell. 1 2 1 st. We all accompanied the corpse of my dear brother to Epsom church, where he was decently interred in the chapel belonging to Woodcot House. A great number of friends and gentlemen of the country attended, about twenty coaches and six horses, and innumerable people. 22nd. I went to Westminster, where in the House of Lords I saw his Majesty sit on his throne, but without his robes, all the peers sitting with their hats on ; the business of the day being the divorce of my Lord Ross. Such an occasion and sight had not been seen in England since the time of Henry VIII. 2 ward as the champion of the Protestant party in the reign of James II. Born in 1626, died in 1707. 1 John Durell, Dean of Windsor. He translated the Liturgy into the French and Latin languages, and was the author of a Vindication of the Church of England against schismatics. Born 1626, died 1683. 3 Evelyn subjoins in a note : " When there was a project, 1669, for getting a divorce for the King, to facilitate it there was brought into the House of Lords a bill for dissolving the marriage of Lord Ross, on account of adultery, and to give him leave to marry again. This Bill, after great debates, passed by the plurality of only two votes, and that by the great industry of the Lord's friends, as well as the Duke's enemies, who carried it on chiefly in hopes it might be a precedent and inducement for the King to enter the more easily into their late proposals : nor were they a little encouraged therein, when they saw the King countenance and drive on the Bill in Lord Ross's favour. Of eighteen Bishops that were in the House, only two voted for the bill, of which one voted through ajje, and one w»i reputed i67o] John Evelyn 49 5th May. To London, concerning- the office of Latin Secretary to his Majesty, a place of more honour and dignity than profit, the reversion of which he had promised me. 2 i5i. Came to visit me Mr. Henry Saville, and Sir Charles Scarborough. 26th. Receiving a letter from Mr. Philip Howard, Lord Almoner to the Queen, 1 that Monsieur Evelin, first physician to Madame (who was now come to Dover to visit the King her brother), was come to town, greatly desirous to see me; but his stay so short, that he could not come to me, I went with my brother to meet him at the Tower, where he was seeing the magazines and other curi- osities, having never before been in England : we renewed our alliance and friendship, with much regret on both sides that, he being to return towards Dover that evening, we could not enjoy one another any longer. How this French family, Ivelin, of Evelin, Normandy, a very ancient and noble house is grafted into our pedigree, see in the collec- tion brought from Paris, 1650. 16th June. I went with some friends to the Bear Garden, where was cock-fighting, dog-fighting, bear and bull-baiting, it being a famous day for all these butcherly sports, or rather barbarous cruelties. The bulls did ex- ceeding well, but the Irish wolf-dog exceeded, which was a tall greyhound, a stately creature indeed, who beat a cruel mastiff. One of the bulls tossed a dog full into a lady's lap as she sate in one of the boxes at a considerable height from the arena. Two poor dogs were killed, and so all ended with the ape on horseback, and I most heartily weary of the rude and dirty pastime, which I had not seen, I think, in twenty years before. 1 8th. Dined at Goring House, whither my Lord Arlington carried me from Whitehall with the Marquis of Worcester ; there, we found Lord Sandwich, Viscount Stafford, 2 the Lieutenant of the Tower, and others. After Sorinian." — The two Bishops favourable to the bill were Dr. Cosin, Bishop of Durham, and Dr. Wilkins, Bishop of Chester. 1 Afterwards created Cardinal. * Sir William Howard, created in November, 1640, Viscount Staf- ford. In 1678, he was accused of complicity with the Popish Plot, and upon trial by his Peers in Westminster Hall, was found guilty, by a majority of twenty-four. He was beheaded, Dec. 19, 1680, on Tower Hill. 50 Diary of [London dinner, my Lord communicated to me his Majesty's desire that I would engage to write the History of our late War with the Hollanders, which I had hitherto declined ; this I found was ill taken, and that I should disoblige his Majesty, who had made choice of me to do him this service, and, if I would undertake it, I should have all the assist- ance the Secretary's office and others could give me, with other encouragements, which I could not decently refuse. Lord Stafford rose from table, in some disorder, because there were roses stuck about the fruit when the dessert was set on the table; such an antipathy, it seems, he had to them as once Lady Selenger 1 also had, and to that degree that, as Sir Kenelm Digby tells us, laying but a rose upon her cheek when she was asleep, it raised a blister : but Sir Kenelm was a teller of strange things. 24th June. Came the Earl of Huntingdon and Countess, with the Lord Sherard, to visit us. 29th. To London, in order to my niece's marriage, Mary, daughter to my late brother Richard, of Woodcot, with the eldest son of Mr. Attorney Montague, which was celebrated at Southampton-House chapel, after which a magnificent entertainment, feast, and dancing, dinner and supper, in the great room there ; but the bride was bedded at my sister's lodging, in Drury-Lane. 6th July. Came to visit me Mr. Stanhope, Gentleman- Usher to her Majesty, and uncle to the Earl of Chesterfield, a very fine man, with my Lady Hutcheson. lgth. I accompanied my worthy friend, that excellent man, Sir Robert Murray, with Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint, to see the latter's Seat and estate at Burrow-Green, in Cambridgeshire, he desiring our advice for placing a new house, which he was resolved to build. 2 We set out in a coach and six horses with him and his lady, dined about midway at one Mr. Turner's, where we found a very noble dinner, venison, music, and a circle of country ladies and their gallants. After dinner, we proceeded, and came to Burrow-Green that night. This had been the ancient seat of the Cheekes (whose daughter Mr. Slingsby l St. Leger. 1 It is probable thai Slingsby did not build, and that after his mis- fortunes (see post, p. 273) it was sold. Lysons tells us, in his Magna Britannia, that all which remains of an old brick mansion is now converted into a farm-house. 1670] John Evelyn 51 married), formerly tutor to King Henry VI. The old house large and ample, and built for ancient hospitality, ready to fall down with age, placed in a dirty hole, a stiff clay, no water, next an adjoining church-yard, and with other inconveniences. We pitched on a spot of rising ground, adorned with venerable woods, a dry and sweet prospect east and west, and fit for a park, but no running water; at a mile distance from the old house. 20th July. We went to dine at Lord Allington's, 1 who had newly built a house of great cost, I believe little less than ^20,ooo. 3 His architect was Mr. Pratt. It is seated in a park, with a sweet prospect and stately avenue ; but water still defective ; the house has also its infirmities. Went back to Mr. Slingsby's. 22nd. We rode out to see the great mere, or level, of recovered fen land, not far off. In the way, we met Lord Arlington going to his house in Suffolk, accompanied with Count Ogniati, the Spanish minister, and Sir Bernard Gascoigne ; he was very importunate with me to go with him to Euston, being but fifteen miles distant; but, in regard of my company, I could not. So, passing through Newmarket, we alighted to see his Majesty's house there, now new-building ; the arches of the cellars beneath are well turned by Mr. Samuel, the architect, the rest mean enough, and hardly fit for a hunting-house. Many of the rooms above had the chimneys in the angles and corners, a mode now introduced by his Majesty, which I do at no hand approve of. I predict it will spoil many noble houses and rooms, if followed. It does only well in very small and trifling rooms, but takes from the state of greater. Besides, this house is placed in a dirty street, without any court or avenue, like a common one, whereas it might, and ought to have been built at either end of the town, upon the very carpet where the sports are celebrated ; but, it 1 Since Constable of the Tower. — Evelyn's Note. 1 At Horseheath. The Allingtons were seated here before 1239 : Evelyn's friend, William, who built the house above referred to, had been created an Irish Peer by the title of Lord Allington. Lvson- says the house cost 70,0002., and with the estate was sold, in 1687, to Mr. John Bromley for 42,000/., who expended 30,000/. more on the building. His grandson was created Lord Montford, in 174 1. In 1776, the second Lord Montford sold the estate, the house being *old, in 1777, for the materials, to be pulled down. See Lysotis, pp 216, 317. 52 Diary Of [Newmarket being the purchase of an old wretched house of my Lord] Thomond's, his Majesty was persuaded to set it on that foundation, the most improper imaginable for a house of sport and pleasure. 1 We went to see the stables and fine horses, of which| many were here kept at a vast expense, with all the art and tenderness imaginable. Being arrived at some meres, we found Lord Wottoni and Sir John Kiviet 2 about their draining-engines, having,! it seems, undertaken to do wonders on a vast piece of marsh-ground they had hired of Sir Thomas Chicheley tl (Master of the Ordnance). They much pleased themselvesl with the hopes of a rich harvest of hemp and cole-seed, | which was the crop expected. Here we visited the engines and mills both for wind andl water, draining it through two rivers, or graffs, cut by hand, and capable of carrying considerable barges, which went thwart one the other, discharging the water into the sea. Such this spot had been the former winter ; it was astonishing to see it now dry, and so rich that weeds grew on the banks, almost as high as a man and horse. Here, My Lord and his partner had built two or three rooms, with Flanders white bricks, very hard. One of the great engines was in the kitchen, where I saw the fish swim up, even to the very chimney-hearth, by a small cut through the room, and running within a foot of the very fire. Having, after dinner, ridden about that vast level, pes- tered with heat and swarms of gnats, we returned over Newmarket Heath, the way being mostly a sweet turf and down, like Salisbury Plain, the jockeys breathing their fine barbs and racers, and giving them their heats. 23rd July. We returned from Burrow-green to London, staying some time at Audley End, to see that fine palace. It is indeed a cheerful piece of Gothic building, or rather antico moderno, but placed in an obscure bottom. The] cellars and galleries are very stately. It has a river by it, a pretty avenue of limes, and in a park. This is in Saffron Walden parish, famous for that useful plant, with which all the country is covered. Dining at Bishop-Stortford, we came late to London. $th August. There was sent me by a neighbour a] servant-maid, who, in the last month, as she was sitting l Sold by the Crown in 1816. ' Ante, pp. 21, 23, 31. i67o) John Evelyn 53 before ;, er mistress at work, felt a stroke on her arm a little above the wrist for some height, the smart of which, as if struck by another hand, caused her to hold her arm awhile till somewhat mitigated ; but it put her into a kind of convulsion, or rather hysteric fit. A gentleman coming casually in, looking on her arm, found that part powdered with red crosses, set in most exact and wonderful order, neither swelled nor depressed, about this shape, x X X XXX X X X not seeming to be any way made by artifice, of a reddish colour, not so red as blood, the skin over them smooth, the rest of the arm livid and of a mortified hue, with certain prints as it were of the stroke of fingers. This had happened three several times in July, at about ten days' interval, the crosses beginning to wear out, but the succes- sive ones set in other different, yet uniform order. The maid seemed very modest, and came from London to Deptford with h^r mistress, to avoid the discourse and importunity of curious people. She made no gain by it, pretended no religious fancies ; but seemed to be a plain, ordinary, silent, working wench, somewhat fat, short, and high-coloured. She told me divers divines and physi- cians had seen her, but were unsatisfied ; that she had taken some remedies against her fits, but they did her no good ; she had never before had any fits ; once since, she seemed in her sleep to hear one say to her that she should tamper no more with them, nor trouble herself with any thing that happened, but put her trust in the merits of Christ only. This is the substance of what she told me, and what I saw and curiously examined. I was formerly acquainted with the impostorious nuns of Loudun, in France, which made such noise amongst the Papists ; I therefore thought this worth the notice. I remember Monsieur Monconys 1 l Balthasar de Monconys, a Frenchman, celebrated for his travels in the East, which he published in three volumes. His object was to discover vestiges of the philosophy of Trismegistus and Zoroaster ; in wh'ch, it is hardly necessary to add, he was not very successful. 54 Diary Of [Windsor (that curious traveller and a Roman Catholic) was by no means satisfied with the stigmata of those nuns, because they were so shy of letting him scrape the letters, which were Jesus, Maria, Joseph, (as I think,) observing they! began to scale off with it, whereas this poor wench was I willing to submit to any trial; so thnt I profess I know not what to think of it, nor dare I pronounce it anything supernatural. 26th August. At Windsor I supped with the Duke of Monmouth; and, the next day, invited by Lord Arlington, dined with the same Duke, and divers Lords. After dinner, my Lord and I had a conference of more than an hour alone in his bed-chamber, to engage me in the History. I showed him something that I had drawn up, to his great satisfaction, and he desired me to show it to the Treasurer. 28//1. One of the Canons preached ; then followed the offering of the Knights of the Order, according to custom ; first the poor Knights, in procession, then, the Canons in their formalities, the Dean and Chancellor, then his Majesty (the Sovereign), the Duke of York, Prince Rupert; and, lastly, the Earl of Oxford, being all the Knights that were then at Court. I dined with the Treasurer, and consulted with him what pieces I was to add ; in the afternoon, the King took me aside into the balcony over the terrace, extremely pleased with what had been told him I had begun, in order to his commands, and enjoining me to proceed vigorously in it. He told me he had ordered the Secretaries of State to give me all necessary assistance of papers and particulars relating to it and enjoining me to make it a little keen, for that the Hollanders had very unhandsomely abused him in their pictures, books, and libels. Windsor was now going to be repaired, being exceed- ingly ragged and ruinous. Prince Rupert, the Constable, had begun to trim up the keep or high round Tower, and I handsomely adorned his hall with furniture of arms, which was very singular, by so disposing the pikes, muskets, pistols, bandoleers, holsters, drums, back, breast, and j headpieces, as was very extraordinary. Thus, those huge steep stairs ascending to it had the walls invested with this martial furniture, all new and bright, so disposing the bandoleers, holsters, and drums, as to represent festoons, t67o] John Evelyn 55 and that without any confusion, trophy-like. From the hall we went into his bed-chamber, and ample rooms hung with tapestry, curious and effeminate pictures, so ex- tremely different from the other, which presented nothing but war and horror. The. King passed most of his time hunting the stag, and walking in the park, which he was now planting with rows of trees. 13th September. To visit Sir Richard Lashford, my kinsman, and Mr. Charles Howard, at his extraordinary garden, at Deepden. 15th. I went to visit Mr. Arthur Onslow, at West Clandon, a pretty dry seat on the Downs, where we dined in his great room. \yth. To visit Mr. Hussey, 1 who, being near Wotton, lives in a sweet valley, deliciously watered. 23rd. To Albury, to see how that garden proceeded, which I found exactly done to the design and plot I had made, with the crypta through the mountain in the park, thirty perches in length. Such a Pausilippe 2 is nowhere in England. The canal was now digging, and the vine- yard planted. 14th October. I spent the whole afternoon in private with the Treasurer, who put into my hands those secret pieces and transactions concerning the Dutch war, and particularly the expedition of Bergen, in which he had himself the chief part, and gave me instructions, till the King arriving from Newmarket, we both went up into his bed-chamber. 21st. Dined with the Treasurer; and, after dinner, we were shut up together. I received other [further] advices, and ten paper-books of despatches and treaties ; 10 return which again I gave a note under my hand to Mr. Joseph Williamson, Master of the Paper- office. 31st. I was this morning fifty years of age; the Lord teach me to number my days so as to apply them to his glory 1 Amen. <\th November. Saw the Prince of Orange, newly come to see the King, his uncle; he has a manly, courageous, 1 At Sutton in Shere. * A word adopted by Evelyn for * subterranean passage, from tbt famou* (jto* of pMutilippo, at N*pl#« 56 Diary of [Londooj wise countenance, resembling his mother and the Duke ofj Glocester, both deceased. I now also saw that famous beauty, but in my opinion of a childish, simple, and baby face, Mademoiselle Querou-I aille, 1 lately Maid of Honour to Madame, and now to be so to the Queen. 23rd. Dined with the Earl of Arlington, where was the Venetian Ambassador, of whom I now took solemn leave, now on his return. There were also Lords Howard, Wharton, Windsor J and divers other great persons. 24th. I dined with the Treasurer, where was the Earl of Rochester, a very profane wit. 15th December. It was the thickest and darkest fog on the Thames that was ever known in the memory of man, and I happened to be in the very midst of it. I supped with Monsieur Zulestein, late Governor to the late Prince of Orange. 1670-1. 10th January. Mr. Bohun, my son's tutor, had been five years in my house, and now Bachelor of Laws, and Fellow of New College, went from me to Oxford to reside there, having well and faithfully per- formed his charge. iSth. This day, I first acquainted his Majesty with that incomparable young man, Gibbon, 2 whom I had lately met 1 Henrietta, the King's sister, married to Philip, Duke of Orleans, was then on a visit here. Madame Querouaille came over in her train, on purpose to entice Charles into an union with Louis XIV. ; a design which unhappily succeeded but too well. She became tbe King's mistress, was made Duchess of Portsmouth, and was his j favourite till bis death. See page 07. 9 Better known by the name of Grinling Gibbons ; celebrated for his exquisite carving. Some of his most astonishing work is at Chats- worth and at Petworth. VYalpole in his Catalogue of Painters, thus speaks of him (and see Cunningham's Lives of Sculptors, iii. 1-16) : " Grinling Gibbon. — An original genius, a citizen of nature. There is no instance before him of a man who gave to wood the loose and airy lightness of flowers, and chained together the various produc- tions of the elements with the free disorder natural to each species. It is uncertain whether he was born in Holland, or in Kngland ; it is said that he lived in Bell-Savage Court, I.udgate Hill, and was employed by Betterton, in decorating the Theatre, in Dorset Gardens. He lived afterwards at Dcptford, in the same house with a musician, where the beneficent and curious Mr. Evelyn found and patronized both. This gentleman, Sir P. Lely, and Bap. May, who was some- thing of an architect himself, recommended Gibbon to Charles II., who was too indolent to search for genius, and too indiscriminate in his bounty to confine it to merit; but was always pleased when it i67i] John Evelyn 57 with in an obscure place by mere accident, as I was walk- ing near a poor solitary thatched house, in a field in our parish, near Sayes Court. I found him shut in; but look- ing in at the window, I perceived him carving that large cartoon, or crucifix, of Tintoretto, a copy of which I had myself brought from Venice, where the original painting remains. I asked if I might enter ; he opened the door civilly to me, and I saw him about such a work as for the curiosity of handling, drawing, and studious exactness, I never had before seen in all my travels. I questioned him why he worked in such an obscure and lonesome place; he told me it was that he might apply himself to his profession without interruption, and wondered not a little how I found him out. I asked if he was unwilling to be made known to some great man, for that I believed it was brought home to him. He gave the artist a place in the Board of Works, and employed his hand on ornaments of most taste in his palaces, particularly at Windsor. Gibbon, in gratitude, made 8 present of his own bust in wood to Mr. Evelyn, who kept it at his house in Dover-street. The piece that had struck so good a judge was a large carving, in wood, of St. Stephen stoned, long preserved in the sculptor's own bouse, and afterwards purchased and placed by the Duke of Chandos at Cannons." Walpole is not quite correct, however, in such portions of this account as relate to Evelyn. Gibbon, when young, was found by Evelyn in a small house at Deptford, working on that famous piece from Tintoret here said to represent the stoning of St. Stephen, and which seems, from Evelyn's account, to have been his first perfor- mance of consequence. But it must have been afterwards that he lived in Belle-Sauvage Yard, and that he worked on the Theatre in Dorset Gardens. Evelyn does not mention a musician, and says there was only an old woman with him in the house at Deptford. It was Evelyn who recommended him to the King, to May the architect, and to Sir Christopher Wren. Of the bust nothing is known at Wotton. Subjoined is an original Letter, addressed by Grinling Gibbon to Evelyn : Honred S r I wold beg the faver wen you see S r Joseff Williams [Williamson] again you wold be pleased to speack to him that hee wold get mee to Carve his Ladis sons hous my Lord Kildare for I onderstand it will [be] very considerabell ar If you haen Acquantans wich my Lord to speack to him his sealf and I shall for Ev're be obliaged to You I wold speack to S 1 ' Josef my sealf but I knouw it would do better from you S' youre Most umbell Sarvant Lond. 23 Mar. 1682 G. Gibbon. Upon receipt of thi», Evelyn wrote to Lord Kildare, recommending Gibbon ; and to Gibbon. enr!o«ing th« letter IT «« r 58 Diary Of [London might turn to his profit; he answered, he was yet but a beginner, but would not be sorry to sell off that piece; on demanding the price, he said £100. In good earnest, the very frame was worth the money, there being nothing in nature so tender and delicate as the flowers and festoons about it, and yet the work was very strong ; in the piece was more than one hundred figures of men, &c. I found he was likewise musical, and very civil, sober, and discreet in his discourse. There was only an old woman in the house. So, desiring leave to visit him sometimes, I went away. Of this young artist, together with my manner of finding him out, I acquainted the King, and begged that he would give me leave to bring him and his work to Whitehall, for that I would adventure my reputation with his Majesty that he had never seen anything approach it, and that he would be exceedingly pleased, and employ him. The King said he would himself go see him. This was the first notice his Majesty ever had of Mr. Gibbon. 20th January. The King came to me in the Queen's withdrawing-room from the circle of ladies, to talk with me as to what advance I had made in the Dutch History. I dined with the Treasurer, and afterwards we went to the Secretary's Office, where we conferred about divers particulars. 21st. I was directed to go to Sir George Downing, who having been a public minister in Holland, at the beginning of the war, was to give me light in some material passages. This year the weather was so wet, stormy, and unseason- able, as had not been known in many years. gth February. I saw the great ball danced by the Queen and distinguished ladies at Whitehall Theatre. Next day, was acted there the famous play, called the Siege of Granada, two days acted successively ; there were indeed very glorious scenes and perspectives, the work of Mr. Streeter, who well understands it. 1 igth. This day dined with me Mr. Surveyor, Dr. Christopher Wren, and Mr. Pepys, Clerk of the Acts, two 1 Evelyn here refers to Drvden's Conquest of Granada. Robert Streeter, an artist held in much esteem at this period, and enjoying the post of Serjeant Painter to the King, who was very fond of him, died in 1680. He is often mentioned by Evelyn. See post, pp. 8a, 98, 139, and 17 v i67i] John Evelyn 59 extraordinary, ingenious, and knowing persons, and other friends. I carried them to see the piece of carving which I had recommended to the King. 25th. Came to visit me one of the Lords Commissioners of Scotland for the Union. 28U1. The Treasurer acquainted me that his Majesty was graciously pleased to nominate me one of the Council of Foreign Plantations, and give me a salary of ^500 per annum, to encourage me. 2Qth. I went to thank the Treasurer, who was my great friend, and loved me; I dined with him and much company, and went thence to my Lord Arlington, Secretary of State, in whose favour I likewise was upon many occasions, though I cultivated neither of their friendships by any mean submissions. I kissed his Majesty's hand, on his making me one of that new-established Council. 15/ March. I caused Mr. Gibbon to bring to Whitehall his excellent piece of carving, where being come, I adver- tised his Majesty, who asked me where it was; I told him in Sir Richard Browne's (my father-in-law) chamber, and that if it pleased his Majesty to appoint whither it should be brought, being large and though of wood heavy, I would take care for it. " No," says the King, " show me the way, I'll go to Sir Richard's chamber," which he immediately did, walking along the entries after me; as far as the ewry, till he came up into the room, where I also lay. No sooner was he entered and cast his eye on the work, but he was astonished at the curiosity of it ; and having considered it a long time, and discoursed with Mr. Gibbon, whom I brought to kiss his hand, he commanded it should be immediately carried to the Queen's side to show her. It was carried up into her bed-chamber, where she and the King looked on and admired it again ; the King, being called away, left us with the Queen, believing she would have bought it, it being a crucifix ; but, when his Majesty was gone, a French peddling woman, one Madame de Boord, who used to bring petticoats and fans, and baubles, out of France to the ladies, began to find fault with several things in the work, which she understood no more than an ass, or a monkey, so as in a kind of indigna- tion, I caused the person who brought it to carry it back to the chamber, finding the Queen so much governed by an ignorant Frenchwoman, and this incomparable artist 60 Diary Of (London! had his labour only for his pains, which not a little dis-l pleased me; and he was fain to send it down to his cottage] again; he not long after sold it for 8oL, though well worth 100Z. , without the frame, to Sir George Viner. His Majesty's Surveyor, Mr. Wren, faithfully promised me to employ him. 1 I having also bespoke his Majesty lor his work at Windsor, which my friend, Mr. May, the archi- tect there, was going to alter, and repair universally; for, on the next day, I had a fair opportunity of talking to his Majesty about it, in the lobby next the Queen's side, where I presented him with some sheets of my history. I thence walked with him through St. James's Park to the garden, where I both saw and heard a very familiar discourse between and Mrs. Nelly, 2 as they called an impudent comedian, she looking out of her garden on a terrace at the top of the wall, and standing on the green walk under it. I was heartily sorry at this scene. Thence the King walked to the Duchess of Cleveland, another lady of pleasure, and curse of our nation. $th March. I dined at Greenwich, to take leave of Sir Thomas Linch, going Governor of Jamaica. joth. To London, about passing my patent as one of the standing Council for Plantations, a considerable honour, the others in the Council being chiefly noblemen and officers of state. 2nd April. To Sir Thomas Clifford, the Treasurer, to condole with him on the loss of his eldest son, who died at Florence. 2nd May. The French King, being now with a great army of 28,000 men about Dunkirk, divers of the grandees of that Court, and a vast number of gentlemen and cadets, in fantastical habits, came flocking over to see our Court, and compliment his Majesty. I was present, when they first were conducted into the Queen's withdrawing-room, where saluted their Majesties the Dukes of Guise, Longue- ville, and many others of the first rank. 10th. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's, 3 in company with Mon- l The carving in the Choir, &c. of St. Paul's Cathedral was exe- cuted by Gibbon. ' Nell Gwynne : there can be no doubt as to the name with which we are to fill up these blanks. This familiar interview of Nelly j and the King has afforded a subject for painters. * This entry of 10th May, 1671, so h.r as it relates to Blood, and the] *tealinjj of the crown, &r... ii a mistaice. Blood stole the crown on i67i] John Evelyn 61 sicur De Grammont and several French noblemen, and one Blood, that impudent bold fellow who had not long before attempted to steal the imperial crown itself out of the Tower, pretending only curiosity of seeing the regalia there, when stabbing the keeper, though not mortally, he boldly went away with it through all the guards, taken only by the accident of his horse falling down. How he came to be pardoned, and even received into favour, not only after this, but several other exploits almost as daring both in Ireland and here, I could never come to understand. Some believed he became a spy of several parties, being well with the Sectaries and Enthusiasts, and did his Majesty services that way, which none alive could do so well as he ; but it was certainly the boldest attempt, so the only treason of this sort that was ever pardoned. This man had not only a daring but a villanous unmerciful look, a false countenance, but very .well-spoken, and dangerously insinuating. nth May. I went to Eltham, to sit as one of the Com- missioners about the Subsidy now given by Parliament to his Majesty. 17th. Dined at Mr. Treasurer's [Sir Thomas Clifford] with the Earl of Arlington, Carlingford, Lord Arundel of Wardour, Lord Almoner to the Queen, a French Count and two abbots, with several more of French nobility; and now by something I had lately observed of Mr. Treasurer's con- versation on occasion, I suspected him a little warping to Rome. 25th. I dined at a feast made for me and my wife by the Trinity Company, for our passing a fine of the land which Sir R. Browne, my wife's father, freely gave to found and build their college, or Alms-houses on, at Dept- ford, it being my wife's after her father's decease. It was a good and charitable work and gift, but would have been better bestowed on the poor of that parish, than on the the oth of May, 1671 — the very day before ; and the " not long before " of Evelyn, and the circumstance of his being "pardoned," which Evelyn also mentions, can hardly be said to relate to only the day before. This is another of the passages to which frequent reference has been made, and which are explained in the Preface to the present edition of the Diary. The Monsieur de Grammont, who was one of the party at the Treasurer's, was Philebert, Comte de Gram- mont, so well known by the Memoirs he dictated to his brother-in-law, Anthony, Count Hamilton. He died in 1707. 62 Diary Of [London seamen's widows, the Trinity Company being very rich, and the rest of the poor of the parish exceedingly indigent. 26th. The Earl of Bristol's house in Queen's Street [Lincoln's Inn Fields] was taken for the Commissioners of Trade and Plantations, and furnished with rich hangings of the King's. It consisted of seven rooms on a floor, with a long gallery, gardens, &c. This day we met the Duke of Buckingham, Earl of Lauderdale, Lord Culpeper, Sir George. Carteret, Vice-Chamberlain, and myself, had the oaths given us by the Earl of Sandwich, our President. It was to advise and counsel his Majesty, to the best of our abilities, for the well-governing of his Foreign Plantations, &c, the form very little differing from that given to the Privy Council. We then took our places at the Board in the Council-Chamber, a very large room furnished with atlases, maps, charts, globes, &c. Then came the Lord Keeper, Sir Orlando Bridgema/i, Earl of Arlington, Secre- tary of State, Lord Ashley, Mr. Treasurer, Sir John Trevor, the other Secretary, Sir John Duncomb, Lord Allington, Mr. Grey, son to the Lord Grey, Mr. Henry Broncher, Sir Humphrey Winch, Sir John Finch, Mr. Waller, and Colonel Titus, of the Bedchamber, 1 with Mr. Slingsby, Secretary to the Council, and two Clerks of the Council, who had all been sworn some days before. Being all set, our Patent was read, and then the additional Patent, in which was recited this new establishment; then, was delivered to each a copy of the Patent, and of instructions : after which, we proceeded to business. The first thing we did was, to settle the form of a circular letter to the Governors of all his Majesty's Plantations and Territories in the West Indies and Islands thereof, to give them notice to whom they should apply themselves on all occasions, and to render us an account of their present state and government; but, what we most insisted on was, to know the condition of New England, which appearing to be very independent as to their regard to Old England, or his Majesty, rich and strong as they now were, there were great debates in what style to write to them ; for the condition of that Colony was such, that they were able to contest with all other Plantations about them, and there was fear of their breaking from all dependence on this nation; his Majesty, therefore, commended this affair more 1 Silas Titus, Author of Killing no Murder. i67ij John Evelyn 63 expressly. We, therefore, thought fit, in the first place, to acquaint ourselves as well as we could of the state of that place, by some whom we heard of that were newly come from thence, and to be informed of their present posture and condition ; some of our Council were for send- ing them a menacing letter, which those who better under- stood the peevish and touchy humour of that Colony, were utterly against. A letter was then read from Sir Thomas Modiford, Governor of Jamaica; and then the Council brake up. Having brought an action against one Cocke, for money which he had received for me, it had been referred to an arbitration by the recommendation of that excellent good man, the Chief-Justice Hales; 1 but, this not succeeding, I went to advise with that famous lawyer, Mr. Jones, of Gray's Inn, and, 27th May, had a trial before Lord Chief Justice Hales; and, after the lawyers had wrangled suffi- ciently, it was referred to a new arbitration. This was the very first suit at law that ever I had with any creature, and oh, that it might be the last ! 1st June. An installation at Windsor. 6th. I went to Council, where was produced a most exact and ample information of the state of Jamaica, and of the best expedients as to New England, on which there was a long debate ; but at length it was concluded that, if any, it should be only a conciliating paper at first, or civil letter, till we had better information of the present face of things, since we understood they were a people almost upon the very brink of renouncing any dependence on the Crown. igth. To a splendid dinner at the great room in Dept- ford Trinity House, Sir Thomas Allen chosen Master, and succeeding the Earl of Craven. 20th. To carry Colonel Middleton 2 to Whitehall, to my Lord Sandwich, our President, for some information which he was able to give of the state of the Colony in New England. 1 Sir Matthew Hale, so famous as one of the justices of the bench !n Cromwell's time. After the Restoration, he became Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; then Chief Justice of the King's Bench ; and died in 1676. The author of numerous works, not only on professional subjects, but on mathematics and philosophy. ' A coadjutor of Pepys at the Navy Board, and by him styled " a most honest and understanding man." 64 Diary Of [London; 21st. To Council again, when one Colonel Cartwright, a Nottinghamshire man, (formerly in commission withj Colonel Nicholls) gave us a considerable relation of that country ; on which the Council concluded that in the first! place a letter of amnesty should be despatched. 24th. Constantine Huygens, Seignor of Zuylichem, that excellent learned man, poet and musician, now near eighty years of age, a vigorous brisk man, 1 came to take leave of me before his return into Holland with the Prince, whose Secretary he was. 26th. To Council, where Lord Arlington acquainted us, that it was his Majesty's proposal we should, every one of us, contribute ^20 towards building a Council- chamber and conveniences somewhere in Whitehall, that his Majesty might come and sit amongst us, and hear our debates ; the money we laid out to be reimbursed out of the contingent monies already set apart for us, viz. ^1000 yearly. To this we unanimously consented. There came an uncertain bruit from Barbadoes of some disorder there. On my return home I stepped in at the theatre to see the new machines for the intended scenes, which were indeed very costly and magnificent. 29th. To Council, where were letters from Sir Thomas Modiford, of the expedition and exploit of Colonel Morgan, 2 and others of Jamaica, on the Spanish Continent at Panama. 4th July. To Council, where we drew up and agreed to a letter to be sent to New England, and made some proposal to Mr. Gorges, for his interest in a plantation there. 24th. To Council. Mr. Surveyor brought us a plot for the building of our Council-chamber, to be erected at the end of the Privy-garden, in Whitehall. 3rd August. A full appearance at the Council. The l He died in 1687, at the great age of 90 years and 6 months. Constantine and his son, Christian Huygens, were both eminent for scientific knowledge and classical attainments ; Christian, par- ticularly so ; for he was the inventor of the pendulum, made an improvement in the air-pump, first discovered the ring and one of the satellites of Saturn, and ascertained the laws of collision of elastic bodies. He died in 1695. Constantine, the father, was a person of influence and distinction in Holland, and held the post of secretary to the Prince of Orange. » See post, p. 97. 1671] John Evelyn 65 matter in debate was, whether we should send a deputy to New England, requiring them of the Massachusets to restore such to their limits and respective possessions, as had petitioned the Council ; this to be the open commission only; but, in truth, with secret instructions to inform us of the condition of those Colonies, and whether they were of such power, as to be able to resist his Majesty and declare for themselves as independent of the Crown, which we were told, and which of late years made them refractory. Colonel Middleton, being called in, assured us they might be curbed by a few of his Majesty's first-rate frigates, to spoil their trade with the islands; but, though my Lord President was not satisfied, the rest were, and we did resolve to advise his Majesty to send Commissioners with a formal commission for adjusting boundaries, &c, with some other instructions. igth. To Council. The letters of Sir Thomas Modiford were read, giving relation of the exploit at Panama, which was very brave ; they took, burnt, and pillaged the town of vast treasures, but the best of the booty had been shipped off, and lay at anchor in the South Sea, so that, after our men had ranged the country sixty miles about, they went back to Nombre de Dios, and embarked for Jamaica. Such an action had not been done since the famous Drake. I dined at the Hamburgh Resident's, and, after dinner, went to the christening of Sir Samuel Tuke's son, Charles, at Somerset-House, by a Popish priest, and many odd cere- monies. The godfathers were the King, and Lord Arundel of Wardour, and godmother, the Countess of Huntingdon. 29th. To London, with some more papers of my pro- gress in the Dutch War, delivered to the Treasurer. September ist. Dined with the Treasurer, in company with my Lord Arlington, Halifax, and Sir Thomas Strick- land; 1 and, next day, went home, being the anniversary of the late dreadful fire of London. 1 3th. This night fell a dreadful tempest. 15th. In the afternoon at Council, where letters were read from Sir Charles Wheeler, concerning his resigning his government of St. Christopher's. 1 Made a baronet by Charles I. on the field at Edgchill, where he commanded a regiment of infantry. After the Restoration he was member for the County of Westmoreland, and Privy Purse to Charles II. He was subsequently one of James II. 's Privy Council, and followed him into France, where he died in 1604. XI «» *C 66 Diary Of [London 21st. I dined in the City, at the fraternity feast in Iron- mongers' Hall, 1 where the four stewards chose their suc- cessors for the next year, with a solemn procession, gar- lands about their heads, and music playing before them ; so, coming up to the upper tables where the gentlemen sat, they drank to the new stewards ; and so we parted. 22nd. I dined at the Treasurer's, where I had discourse with Sir Henry Jones (now come over to raise a regiment of horse), concerning the French conquests in Lorraine ; he told me the king sold all things to the soldiers, even to a handful of hay. Lord Sunderland was now nominated Ambassador to Spain. After dinner, the Treasurer carried me to Lincoln's Inn, to one of the Parliament Clerks, to obtain of him, that I might carry home and peruse, some of the Journals, which were accordingly delivered to me to examine about the late Dutch war. Returning home, I went on shore to see the Custom-House, now newly rebuilt since the dreadful con- flagration. 2 gth and 10th October. I went, after evening-service, to London, in order to a journey of refreshment with Mr. Treasurer, to Newmarket, where the King then was, in his coach with six brave horses, which we changed thrice, first, at Bishop-Stortford, and last, at Chesterford ; so, by night, we got to Newmarket, where Mr. Henry Jermain (nephew to the Earl of St. Alban's) lodged me very civilly. We pro- ceeded immediately to Court, the King and all the English gallants being there at their autumnal sports. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain's; and, the next day, after dinner, I was on the heath, where I saw the great match run between Woodcock and Flatfoot, belonging to the King, and to Mr. Eliot, of the Bedchamber, many thousands being spec- tators ; a more signal race had not been run for many years. This over, I went that night with Mr. Treasurer to Euston, a palace of Lord Arlington's, where we found Monsieur Colbert (the French Ambassador), and the famous new French Maid of Honour, Mademoiselle Querouaille, 3 1 One of the Grand court-days of that opulent Company, which is one of twelve. ' This new edifice was again destroyed by fire in 1718, and again rebuilt, was a third time destroyed by fire in February 1814. * Ante, p. 56. i67u John Evelyn 67 now coming to be in great favour with the King. Here was also the Countess of Sunderland, and several lords and ladies, who lodged in the house. During my stay here with Lord Arlington, near a fort- night, his Majesty came almost every second day with the Duke, who commonly returned to Newmarket, but the King often lay here, during which time I had twice the honour to sit at dinner with him, with all freedom. It was universally reported that the fair lady was bedded one of these nights, and the stocking flung, after the manner of a married bride; I acknowledge she was for the most part in her undress all day, and that there was fondness and toying with that young wanton; nay, it was said, I was at the former ceremony ; but it is utterly false ; I neither saw nor heard of any such thing whilst I was there, though I had been in her chamber, and all over that apart- ment late enough, and was myself observing all passages with much curiosity. However, it was with confidence believed she was first made a Miss, as they call these unhappy creatures, with solemnity at this time. On Sunday, a young Cambridge Divine preached an excellent sermon in the chapel, the King and the Duke of York being present. 16th October. Came all the great men from Newmarket, and other parts both of Suffolk and Norfolk, to make theii court, the whole house filled from one end to the other with lords, ladies, and gallants ; there was such a furnished table, as I had seldom seen, nor anything more splendid and free, so that for fifteen days there were entertained at least 200 people, and half as many horses, besides servants and guards, at infinite expense. In the morning, we went hunting and hawking ; in the afternoon, till almost morning, to cards and dice, yet I must say without noise, swearing, quarrel, or confusion of any sort. I, who was no gamester, had often discourse with the French Ambassador, Colbert, and went sometimes abroad on horseback with the ladies to take the air, and now and then to hunting ; thus idly passing the time, but not without more often recess to my pretty apartment, where I was quite out of all this hurry, and had leisure when I would, to converse with books, for there is no man more hospitably easy to be withal than my Lord Arlington, of whose particular friendship and kindness I had ever a 68 Diary Of (Norwich i more than ordinary share. His house is a very noble pile,! consisting of four pavilions after the French, beside a body of a large house, and, though not built altogether, but formed of additions to an old house (purchased by his Lord- ship of one Sir T. Rookwood) yet with a vast expense made not only capable and roomsome, but very magnificent andl commodious, as well within as without, nor less splendidly furnished. The staircase is very elegant, the garden hand- some, the canal beautiful, but the soil dry, barren, and miserably sandy, which flies in drifts as the wind sits. Here my Lord was pleased to advise with me about order- ing his plantations of firs, elms, limes, &c. , up his park, and in all other places and avenues. I persuaded him to bring his park so near as to comprehend his house within it; which he resolved upon, it being now near a mile to it. The water furnishing the fountains, is raised by a pretty engine, or very slight plain wheels, v/hich likewise serve. to grind his corn, from a small cascade of the canal, the invention of Sir Samuel Morland. In my Lord's house, and especially above the staircase, in the great hall and some of the chambers and rooms of state, are paintings in fresco by Signor Verrio, being the first work which he did in England. 17th October. My Lord Henry Howard coming this night to visit my Lord Chamberlain, and staying a day, would needs have me go with him to Norwich, promising to convey me back, after a day or two; this, as I could not refuse, I was not hard to be persuaded to, having a desire to see that famous scholar and physician, Dr. T. Browne, author of the Rel'v:;io Medici and Vulgar Errors, now lately knighted. 1 Thither, then, went my Lord and I alone, in his flying chariot with six horses ; and, by the way, discoursing with me of several of his concerns, he acquainted me of his going to marry his eldest son to one of the King's natural daughters, by the Duchess of Cleveland ; by which he reckoned he should come into mighty favour. He also told me that, though he kept that idle creature, Mrs. B , and would leave £,200 a year to the son he had by her, he would never marry her, 3 and that the King 1 Beside the work mentioned by Evelyn, Sir Thomas Browne was the author of the famous treatise on " Urn Burial," and " The Garden of Cyrus." He was born in 1605, and died in 1682. * Fr> the manner in tvhich my Lord Howard, when Duke 0/ 1671] John Evelyn 69 himself had cautioned him against it. All the world knows how he kept his promise, and I was sorry at heart to hear what now he confessed to me; and that a person and a family which I so much honoured for the sake of that noble and illustrious friend of mine, his grandfather, should dis- honour and pollute them both with those base and vicious courses he of late had taken since the death of Sir Samuel Tuke, and that of his own virtuous lady (my Lady Anne Somerset, sister to the Marquis) ; who, whilst they lived, preserved this gentleman by their example and advice from those many extravagances that impaired both his fortune and reputation. Being come to the Ducal Palace, my Lord made very much of me ; but 1 had little rest, so exceedingly desirous he was to show me the contrivance he had made for the entertainment of their Majesties, and the whole Court not long before, and which, though much of it was but tempor- ary, apparently framed of boards only, was yet standing. As to the palace, it is an old wretched building, and that part of it newly built of brick, is very ill understood ; so as I was of opinion it had been much better to have demolished all, and set it up in a better place, than to proceed any farther; for it stands in the very market- place, and, though near a river, yet a very narrow muddy one, without any extent. Next morning, I went to see Sir Thomas Browne (with whom I had some time corresponded by letter, though I had never seen him before) ; his whole house and garden being a paradise and cabinet of rarities, and that of the best collection, especially medals, books, plants, and natural things. Amongst other curiosities, Sir Thomas had a collection of the eggs of all the fowl and birds he could procure, that country (especially the promontory of Norfolk) being frequented, as he said, by several kinds which seldom or never go farther into the land, as cranes, storks, eagles, and variety of water-fowl. He led me to see all the remarkable places of this ancient city, being one of the largest, and certainly, after London, one of the Norfolk, kept his word in the matter of Mrs. B[ickerton], see post, p. 122; also p. 124. Evelyn's own reference to the text is another of the many evidences to which the reader's attention has been drawn, that his book partakes more of the character of Memoirs than a Diary, in the strict sense of that word. This title, indeed, is often given to it by himself. See post, p. 9a. 70 Diary Of [London noblest of England, for its venerable cathedral, number of stately churches, cleanness of the streets, and buildings of flint so exquisitely headed and squared, as I was much astonished at; but he told me they had lost the art of squaring the flints, in which they so much excelled, and of which the churches, best houses, and walls, are built. The Castle is an antique extent of ground, which now they call Marsfield, and would have been a fitting area to have placed the Ducal Palace in. The suburbs are large, the prospects sweet, with other amenities, not omitting the flower-gardens, in which all the inhabitants excel. The fabric of stuffs brings a vast trade to this populous town. Being returned to my Lord's, who had been with me all this morning, he advised with me concerning a plot to rebuild his house, having already, as he said, erected a front next the street, and a left wing, and now resolving to set up another wing and pavilion next the garden, and to convert the bowling-green into stables. My advice was, to desist from all, and to meditate wholly on rebuild- ing a handsome palace at Arundel House, in the Strand, before he proceeded farther here, and then to place this in the Castle, that ground belonging to his Lordship. I observed that most of the church-yards (though some of them large enough) were filled up with earth, or rather the congestion of dead bodies one upon another, for want of earth, even to the very top of the walls, and some above the walls, so as the churches seemed to be built in pits. 18th October. I returned to Euston, in Lord Henry Howard's coach, leaving him at Norwich, in company with a very ingenious gentleman, Mr. White, whose father and mother (daughter to the late Lord Treasurer Weston, Earl of Portland) I knew at Rome, where this gentleman was born, and where his parents lived and died with much reputation, during their banishment in our civil broils. 21st. Quitting Euston, I lodged this night at New- market, where I found the jolly blades racing, dancing, feasting, and revelling, more resembling a luxurious and abandoned rout, than a Christian Court. The Duke of Buckingham was now in mighty favour, and had with him that impudent woman, the Countess of Shrewsbury, 1 with his band of fiddlers, &c. i See post, p. 138. i672j John Evelyn 71 Next morning, in company with Sir Bernard Gascoyne, and Lord Hawley, I came in the Treasurer's coach to Bishop-Stortford, where he gave us a noble supper. The following day, to London, and so home. 14th November. To Council, where Sir Charles Wheeler, late Governor of the Leeward Islands, having been complained of for many indiscreet managements, it was resolved, on scanning many of the particulars, to advise his Majesty to remove him ; and consult what was to be done, to prevent these inconveniences he had brought things to. This business staid me in London almost a week, being in Council, or Committee, every morning till the 25th. 27th. We ordered that a proclamation should be pre- sented to his Majesty to sign, against what Sir Charles Wheeler had done in St. Christopher's since the war, on the articles of peace at Breda. He was shortly afterwards recalled. 6th December. Came to visit me Sir William Hay- wood, a great pretender to English antiquities. 14th. Went to see the Duke of Buckingham's ridic- ulous farce and rhapsody, called The Recital, 1 buffooning all plays, yet profane enough. 2yr&. The Councillors of the Board of Trade dined together at the Cock, in Suffolk Street. 1671-2. 12th January, His Majesty renewed us our lease of Sayes Court pastures for ninety-nine years, but ought, according to his solemn promise 2 (as I hope he will still perform), have passed them to us in fee- farm. 23rd. To London, in order to Sir Richard Browne, my father-in-law, resigning his place as Clerk of the Council to Joseph Williamson, Esq., who was admitted, and was knighted. This place his Majesty had promised to give me many years before ; but, upon consideration of the renewal of our lease and other reasons, I chose to part with it to Sir Joseph, who gave us and the rest of his brother-clerks a handsome supper at his house; and, after supper, a concert of music. yd February. An extraordinary snow ; part of the week was taken up in consulting about the commission of 1 The well-known play of The Rehearsal is meant. 8 l he King's engagement, under his hand, is now at Wotton. 72 Diary Of [London prisoners of war, and instructions to our officers, in ordeij to a second war with the Hollanders, his Majesty having made choice of the former commissioners, and myself amongst them. nth. In the afternoon, that famous proselyte, Mon- sieur Brevall, preached at the Abbey, in English, extremely well and with much eloquence. He had been a Capuchin, but much better learned than most of that Order. 12th. At the Council, we entered on enquiries about improving the Plantations by silks, galls, flax, senna, &c. , and considered how nutmegs and cinnamon might be obtained, and brought to Jamaica, that soil and climate promising success. Dr. Worsley being called in, spake many considerable things to encourage it. We took order to send to the Plantations, that none of their ships should adventure homeward single, but stay for company and convoys. We also deliberated on some fit person to go as Commissioner to inspect their actions in New Eng- land, and, from time to time, report how that people stood affected. — In future, to meet at Whitehall. 20th. Dr. Parr, of Camberwell, preached a most pathetic funeral discourse and panegyric at the interment of our late pastor, Dr. Breton (who died on the 18th), on " Happy is the servant whom when his Lord cometh," &c. This good man, among other expressions, professed that he had never been so touched and concerned at any loss as at this, unless at that of King Charles our Martyr, and Archbishop Usher, whose chaplain he had been. Dr. Breton had preached on the 28th and 30th of January : on the Friday, having fasted all day, making his provisionary sermon for the Sunday following, he went well to bed ; but was taken suddenly ill, and expired before help could come to him. Never had a parish a greater loss, not only as he was an excellent preacher, and fitted for our great and vulgar auditory, but for his excellent life and charity, his meek- ness and obliging nature, industrious, helpful, and full of good works. He left near ^400 to the poor in his will, and that what children of his should die in their minority, their portion should be so employed. I lost in particular a special friend, and one that had an extraordinary love to me and mine. 25th. To London, to speak with the Bishop, and Sir 1672J John Evelyn 73 John Cutler, 1 our patron, to present Mr. Frampton (after- wards Bishop of Gloucester). 1st March. A full Council of Plantations, on the danger of the Leeward Islands, threatened by the French, who had taken some of our ships, and began to interrupt our trade. Also in debate, whether the new Governor of St. Christopher's should be subordinate to the Governor of Barbadoes. The debate was serious and long. 12th. Now was the first blow given by us to the Dutch convoy of the Smyrna fleet, by Sir Robert Holmes and Lord Ossory, in which we received little save blows, and a worthy reproach for attacking our neighbours ere any war was proclaimed, and then pretending the occasion to be, that some time before, the Merlin yacht chancing to sail through the whole Dutch fleet, their Admiral did not strike to that trifling vessel. Surely, this was a quarrel slenderly grounded, and not becoming Christian neigh- bours. We are like to thrive, accordingly. Lord Ossory several times deplored to me his being engaged in it; he had more justice and honour than in the least to approve of it, though he had been over-persuaded to the expedition. There is no doubt but we should have surprised this exceeding rich fleet, had not the avarice and ambition of Holmes and Spragge separated themselves, and wilfully divided our fleet, on presumption that either of them was strong enough to deal with the Dutch convoy without join- ing and mutual help ; but they so warmly plied our divided fleets, that whilst in conflict the merchants sailed away, and got safe into Holland. A few days before this, the Treasurer of the House- hold, Sir Thomas Clifford, 2 hinted to me, as a confidant, 1 An eminent citizen of London, and member of the Grocers' Com- pany, who have a statue of him in their hall. There is another in the College of Physicians. He is severely handled by Pope, as all poetical readers know, yet Pepys appears to have thought well of him. J " On the King's intention to have a Lord Treasurer (1672), instead of putting the Seals into Commission, the Duke of York desired Lord Arlington to join with him in proposing to the King the Lord Clifford for that considerable employment ; but he found Lord Arlington very cold in it, and endeavouring to persuade the Duke that the King did not intend the alteration ; and, the next day, he employed a friend to press the Duke to endeavour to get Sir Robert Car to be Commissioner, in the room of Lord Shaftesbury (then appointed Lord Chancellor). " Some few days after, the Duke proposed to his Majesty the Lord 74 Diary Of [London that his Majesty would shut up the Exchequer (and,! accordingly, his Majesty made use of infinite treasure there, to prepare for an intended rupture) ; but, says he, it will soon be open again, and everybody satisfied; for this bold man, who had been the sole adviser of the King to invade that sacred stock (though some pretend it was Lord Ashley's counsel, then Chancellor of the Exchequer), was so over-confident of the success of this unworthy design against the Smyrna merchants, as to put his Majesty on an action which not only lost the hearts of his subjects, and ruined many widows and orphans, whose stocks were lent him, but the reputation of his Exchequer for ever, it being before in such credit, that he might have commanded half the wealth of the nation. The credit of this bank being thus broken, did exceed- ingly discontent the people, and never did his Majesty's affairs prosper to any purpose after it, for as it did not supply the expense of the meditated war, so it melted away, I know not how. To this succeeded the King's Declaration for an uni- versal toleration ; Papists, and swarms of Sectaries, now boldly showing themselves in their public meetings. This was imputed to the same council, Clifford warping to Rome as was believed, nor was Lord Arlington clear of suspicion, to gratify that party, but as since it has proved, Clifford as Treasurer, which was well received, and he said h«> would do it, as thinking nobody fitter; he also told the Duke that Lord Arlington had a mind to have that Staff ; but he answered him that he had too much kindness for him to let him have it, for he knew he was not fit for the office ; and should he give it him, it would be his ruin. A little after, the King told the Duke that he found Lord Arlington was angry with Lord Clifford, on knowing that he was to have the place ; and desired the Duke to persuade Lord Arlington not to let the world see his discontent, and to endeavour to make them continue friends. They promised the Duke to live friendly to- gether ; but Lord Arlington kept not his word, and was ever after cold, if not worse, towards him. " Christinas coming on, the King spake to Lord Clifford and Lord j Arundel of Wardour, to persuade the Duke to receive the Sacrament j with him at that time (which the Duke had forborne for several months before). They urged the King not to press it, and he then seemed satisfied : but the day before Christmas Eve, the King spoke again to Lord Clifford to represent to the Duke what he had before said, which the Lord Clifford did, but found the Duke was not to be moved in his resolution of not going against his conscience." — King James's Life, by himself. <672] John Evelyn 75 and was then evidently foreseen, to the extreme weakening the Church of England and its Episcopal Government, as it was projected. I speak not this as my own sense, but what was the discourse and thoughts of others, who were lookers-on ; for I think there might be some relaxations without the least prejudice to the present Establishment, discreetly limited, but to let go the reins in this manner, and then to imagine they could take them up again as easily, was a false policy, and greatly destructive. The truth is, our Bishops slipped the occasion; for, had they held a steady hand upon his Majesty's restoration, as they might easily have done, the Church of England had emerged and flourished, without interruption ; but they were then remiss, and covetous after advantages of another kind, whilst his Majesty suffered them to come into a harvest, with which, without any injustice, he might have remunerated innumerable gallant gentlemen for their services, who had ruined themselves in the late rebellion. 1 21st March. I visited the coasts in my district of Kent, and divers wounded and languishing poor men, that had been in the Smyrna conflict. I went over to see the new- begun Fort of Tilbury; a royal work, indeed, and such as will one day bridle a great city to the purpose, before they are aware. 23rd. Captain Cox, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, furnishing me with a yacht, I sailed to Sheerness to see that fort also, now newly finished ; several places on both sides the Swale and Medway to Gillingham and Upnore, being also provided with redoubts and batteries, to secure the station of our men-of-war at Chatham, and shut the door when the steeds were stolen. 24th. I saw the chirurgeon cut off the leg of a wounded sailor, the stout and gallant man enduring it with incred- ible patience, without being bound to his chair, as usual on such painful occasions. I had hardly courage enough to be present. Not being cut off high enough, the gangrene prevailed, and the second operation cost the poor creature his life. Lord ! what miseries are mortal men subject to, and 1 Evelyn here alludes to the fines for renewals of leases not filled up during the interregnum, and now to be immediately applied for. Bishop Burnet says they were much misapplied. Hist, of his own Times, i. 304. 76 Diary Of [Rochester what confusion and mischief do the avarice, anger, and ambition of Princes, cause in the world ! 25th March. I proceeded to Canterbury, Dover, Deal, the Isle of Thanet, by Sandwich, and so to Margate. Here we had abundance of miserably wounded men, his Majesty sending his chief chirurgeon, Sergeant Knight, to meet me, and Dr. Waldrond had attended me all the journey. Having taken order for the accommodation of the wounded, I came back through a country the best cultivated of any that in my life I had anywhere seen, every field lying as even as a bowling-green, and the fences, plantations, and husbandry, in such admirable order, as infinitely delighted me, after the sad and afflict- ing spectacles and objects I was come from. Observing almost every tall tree to have a weathercock on the top bough, and some trees half-a-dozen, I learned that, on a certain holyday, the farmers feast their servants ; at which solemnity, they set up these cocks, in a kind of triumph. Being come back towards Rochester, 1 went to take order respecting the building a strong and high wall about a house I had hired of a gentleman, at a place called Hartlip, for a prison, paying ^50 yearly rent. Here I settled a Provost-Marshal and other officers, returning by Feversham. On the 30th, heard a sermon in Rochester cathedral, and so got to Sayes Court on the first of April. 4*/j April. I went to see the fopperies of the Papists at Somerset-House and York-House, where now the French Ambassador had caused to be represented our Blessed Saviour at the Pascal Supper with his Disciples, in figures and puppets made as big as the life, of wax-work, curi- ously clad and sitting round a large table, the room nobly hung, and shining with innumerable lamps and candles : this was exposed to all the world ; all the City came to see it. Such liberty had the Roman Catholics at this time obtained. 16th. Sat in Council, preparing Lord Willoughby's commission and instructions as Governor of Barbadoes and the Caribbee Islands. 17th. Sat on business in the Star Chamber. lgth. At Council, preparing instructions for Colonel Stapleton, now to go Governor of St. Christopher's ; and heard the complaints of the Jamaica merchants against the i673] John Evelyn 77 Spaniards, for hindering- them from cutting logwood on the main land, where they have no pretence. 21st April. To my Lord of Canterbury, to entreat him to engage Sir John Cutler, the patron, to provide us a grave and learned man, in opposition to a novice. ^oth. Congratulated Mr. Treasurer Clifford's new honour, being made a Baron. 2nd May. My son, John, was specially admitted of the Middle Temple by Sir Francis North, his Majesty's Solicitor-General, and since Chancellor. I pray God bless this beginning, my intention being that he should seriously apply himself to the study of the law. 10th. I was ordered, by letter from the Council, to repair forthwith to his Majesty, whom I found in the Pall- Mall, in St. James's Park, where his Majesty coming to mc from the company, commanded me to go immediately to the sea-coast, and to observe the motion of the Dutch fleet and ours, the Duke and so many of the flower of our nation being now under sail, coming from Portsmouth, through the Downs, where it was believed there might be an encounter. nth. Went to Chatham. — 12th. Heard a sermon in Rochester Cathedral. 13*7?. To Canterbury; visited Dr. Bargrave, 1 my old fellow-traveller in Italy, and great virtuoso. 14th. To Dover; but the fleet did not appear till the 16th, when the Duke of York with his and the French squadron, in all 170 ships (of which above 100 were men- of-war), sailed by, after the Dutch, who were newly with- drawn. Such a gallant and formidable navy never, I think, spread sail upon the seas. It was a goodly yet terrible sight, to behold them as I did, passing eastward by the straits betwixt Dover and Calais in a glorious day. The wind was yet so high, that I could not well go aboard, and they were soon got out of sight. The next day, having visited our prisoners and the Castle, and saluted the Governor, I took horse for Margate. Here, from the North Foreland Lighthouse top (which is a Pharos, built of brick, and having on the top a cradle of iron, in which a man attends a great sea-coal fire all the year long, when l Dean of Canterbury, and a great benefactor to the Cathedral Library there. Todd, in his Life of Milton, furnishes some cwriouf particulars concerning him. 78 Diary Of [Rochester j the nights are dark, for the safeguard of sailors), we could see our fleet as they lay at anchor. The next morning,] they weighed, and sailed out of sight to the N.E. 19th May. Went to Margate; and, the following day, was carried to see a gallant widow, brought up a I farmeress, and 1 think of gigantic race, rich, comely, and exceedingly industrious. She put me in mind of Deborah and Abigail, her house was so plentifully stored with all manner of country-provisions, all of her own growth, and all her conveniences so substantial, neat, and well under- stood ; she herself so jolly and hospitable ; and her land so trim and rarely husbanded, that it struck me with admiration at her economy. This town much consists of brewers of a certain heady ale, and they deal much in malt, &c. For the rest, it is raggedly built, and has an ill haven, with a small fort of little concernment, nor is the island well disciplined; but as to the husbandry and rural part, far exceeding any part of England for the accurate culture of their ground, in which they exceed, even to curiosity and emulation. We passed by Rickborough, and in sight of Reculvers, and so through a sweet garden, as it were, to Canter- bury. 24^/1. To London, and gave his Majesty an account of my journey, and that I had put all things in readiness upon all events, and so returned home sufficiently wearied. 31st. I received another command to repair to the sea- side ; so I went to Rochester, where I found many wounded, sick, and prisoners, newly put on shore after the engagement on the 28th, in which the Earl of Sandwich, that incomparable person and my particular friend, and] divers more whom I loved, were lost. My Lord (who was Admiral of the Blue) was in the Prince, which was burnt, one of the best men-of-war that ever spread canvass on the sea. There were lost with this brave man, a son of Sir Charles Cotterell (Master of the Ceremonies), and a son or Sir Charles Harbord (his Majesty's Surveyor-General), two valiant and most accomplished youths, full of virtue and courage, who might have saved themselves ; but chose to perish with my Lord, whom they honoured and loved above their own lives. Here, I cannot but make some reflections on things past. It was not above a day or two that goinp to White- 1672] John Evelyn 79 hall to take leave of his Lordship, who had his lodgings in the Privy-Garden, shaking me by the hand he bid me good-bye, and said he thought he should see me no more, and I saw, to my thinking, something boding in his coun- tenance : "No," says he, "they will not have me live. Had I lost a fleet (meaning on his return from Bergen when he took the East India prize) I should have fared better ; but, be as it pleases God — I must do something, I know not what, to save my reputation. Something to this effect, he had hinted to me; thus I took my leave. I well remember that the Duke of Albemarle, and my now Lord Clifford, had, I know not why, no great opinion of his courage, because, in former conflicts, being an able and experienced seaman (which neither of them were), he always brought off his Majesty's ships without loss, though not without as many marks of true courage as the stoutest of them ; and I am a witness that, in the late war, his own ship was pierced like a colander. But the busi- ness was, he was utterly against this war from the begin- ning, and abhorred the attacking of the Smyrna fleet ; he did not favour the heady expedition of Clifford at Bergen, nor was he so furious and confident as was the Duke of Albemarle, who believed he could vanquish the Hollanders with one squadron. My Lord Sandwich was prudent as well as valiant, and always governed his affairs with success and little loss ; he was for deliberation and reason, they for action and slaughter without either; and for this, whispered as if my Lord Sandwich was not so gallant, because he was not so rash, and knew how fatal it was to lose a fleet, such as was that under his conduct, and for which these very persons would have censured him on the other side. This it was, I am confident, grieved him, and made him enter like a lion, and fight like one, too, in the midst of the hottest service, where the stoutest of the rest seeing him engaged, and so many ships upon him, durst not, or would not, come to his succour, as some of them, whom I know, might have done. Thus, this gallant person perished, to gratify the pride and envy of some I named. Deplorable was the loss of one of the best accomplished persons, not only of this nation but of any other. He was learned in sea-affairs, in politics, in mathematics, and in music : he had been on divers embassies, was of a sweet 80 Diary Of [London and obliging temper, sober, chaste, very ingenious, a true nobleman, an ornament to the Court and his Prince; nor has he left any behind him who approach his many virtues. He had, I confess, served the tyrant Cromwell, when a young man, but it was without malice, as a soldier of fortune; and he readily submitted, and that with joy, bringing an entire fleet with him from the Sound, at the first tidings of his Majesty's restoration. I verily believe him as faithful a subject as any that were not his friends. I am yet heartily grieved at this mighty loss, nor do I call it to my thoughts without emotion. 2nd June. Trinity-Sunday, I passed at Rochester; and, on the 5th, there was buried in the Cathedral Monsieur Rabiniere, Rear-Admiral of the French squadron, a gal- lant person, who died of the wounds he received in the fight. This ceremony lay on me, which I performed with all the decency I could, inviting the Mayor and Aldermen to come in their formalities. Sir Jonas Atkins was there with his guards ; and the Dean and Prebendaries : one of his countrymen pronouncing a funeral oration at the brink of his grave, which I caused to be dug in the choir. This is more at large described in the Gazette of that day ; Colonel Reymes, my colleague in commission, assisting, who was so kind as to accompany me from London, though it was not his district ; for indeed the stress of both these wars lay more on me by far than on any of my brethren, who had little to do in theirs. — I went to see Upnore Castle, which I found pretty well defended, but of no great moment. Next day, I sailed to the fleet, now riding at the buoy of the Nore, where I met his Majesty, the Duke, Lord Arlington, and all the great men, in the Charles, lying miserably shattered; but the miss of Lord Sandwich redoubled the loss to me, and showed the folly of hazard- ing so brave a fleet, and losing so many good men, for no provocation but that the Hollanders exceeded us in in- dustry, and in all things but envy. At Sheerness, I gave his Majesty and his Royal High- ness an account of my charge, and returned to Queen- borough; next day, dined at Major Dorel's, Governor of Sheerness; thence, to Rochester; and the following day, home. i672] John Evelyn 81 12th June. To London to his Majesty, to solicit for money for the sick and wounded, which he promised me. io,£/i. To London again, to solicit the same. 21st. At a Council of Plantations. Most of this week busied with the sick and wounded. 3rd July. To Lord Sandwich's funeral, which was by water to Westminster, in solemn pomp. 31 st. I entertained the Maids of Honour (among whom there was one I infinitely esteemed for her many and extra- ordinary virtues *) at a comedy this afternoon, and so went home. 1st August. I was at the marriage of Lord Arlington's only daughter (a sweet child if ever there was any 2 ) to the Duke of Grafton, the King's natural son by the Duchess of Cleveland ; the Archbishop of Canterbury offici- ating, the King and all the grandees being present. I had a favour given me by my Lady ; but took no great joy at the thing for many reasons. 18th. Sir James Hayes, Secretary to Prince Rupert, dined with me : after dinner, I was sent for to Gravesend to dispose of no fewer than 800 sick men. That night, I got to the fleet at the buoy of the Nore, where I spake with the King and the Duke; and, after dinner next day, returned to Gravesend. 1st September. I spent this week in soliciting for moneys, and in reading to my Lord Clifford my papers relating to the first Holland war. — Now, our Council of Plantations met at Lord Shaftesbury's (Chancellor of the Exchequer) to read and reform the draught of our new Patent, joining the Council of Trade to our political capacities. After this, I returned home, in order to another excursion to the sea-side, to get as many as possible of the men who were recovered on board the fleet. 8th. I lay at Gravesend, thence to Rochester, returning on the nth. 15th. Dr. Duport, Greek Professor of Cambridge, 1 Mrs. Blagg, whom Evelyn never tires of instancing and char- acterising as a rare example of piety and virtue, in so rare a wit, beauty, and perfection, in a licentious court and depraved age. She was afterwards married to Mr. Godolphin, and her life, written by Evelyn, has been edited and published by the Bishop of Oxford. Ante, p. 42. And see post, p. 127, &c. * She was then only five years old. 82 Diary Of [London preached before the King on i Timothy, vi. 6. No great preacher, but a very worthy and learned man. 25th. I dined at Lord John Berkeley's, 1 newly arrived out of Ireland, where he had been Deputy; it was in his new house, 3 or rather palace; for I am assured it stood' him in near ^30,000. It is very well built, and has many noble rooms, but they are not very convenient, consisting but of one Corps de Logis; they arc all rooms of state, without closets. The staircase is of cedar, the furniture is princely : the kitchen and stables are ill-placed, and the corridor worse, having no report to the wings they join to. For the rest, the fore-court is noble, so are the stables; and, above all, the gardens, which are incompar- able by reason of the inequality of the ground, and a pretty piscina. The holly hedges on the terrace I advised the planting of. The porticos are in imitation of a house described by Palladio; but it happens to be the worst in his book, though my good friend, Mr. Hugh May, his Lordship's architect, effected it. 26th. I carried with me to dinner my Lord H. Howard (now to be made Earl of Norwich and Earl Marshal of England) to Sir Robert Clayton's, now Sheriff of London, at his new house, 3 where we had a great feast; it is built indeed for a great magistrate, at excessive cost. The cedar dining-room is painted with the history of the Giants' War, incomparably done by Mr. Streeter, but the figures are too near the eye. 6th October. Dr. Thistlethwait preached at Whitehall on Rev. v. 2, — a young, but good preacher. I received the blessed Communion, Dr. Blandford, Bishop of Wor- 1 Lord Berkeley, of Stratton. 3 Berkeley-House was burnt to the ground by accident. The site was on a farm called Hay-hill Farm, the names of which are preserved in Hay-street, Hill-street, and Farm-street. Devonshire House, Lans- downe House, Berkeley Square, &c, now occupy portions of the | original estate. See p. 4. 3 In the Old Jewry. Sir Robert built it to keep his shrievalty, which he did therein with great magnificence. Afterwards for some years it was the residence of Mr. Samuel Sharp, a famous surgeon in his time, and was then occupied (from 1806 to the close of the year 181 1) by the London Institution, for their library and reading- rooms. This Institution, ultimately established by Charter, was ] finally settled in its present building on the north side of Moor- fields, in 1818. — Streeter's paintings have been long placed in the family seat of the Claytons, at Marden, near Godstone, Surrey. Ii673j John Evelyn 83 Jcester, and Dean of the Chapel, officiating. Dined at my Lord Clifford's, with Lord Mulgrave, Sir Gilbert Talbot, and Sir Robert Holmes. 8th. I took leave of my Lady Sunderland, who was going to Paris to my Lord, now ambassador there. She made me stay dinner at Leicester-House, 1 and afterwards sent for Richardson, the famous fire-eater. He devoured brimstone on glowing coals before us, chewing and swallowing them ; he melted a beer-glass and eat it quite up; then, taking a live coal on his tongue, he put on it a raw oyster, the coal was blown on with bellows till it flamed and sparkled in his mouth, and so remained till the oyster gaped and was quite boiled. Then, he melted pitch and wax with sulphur, which he drank down, as it flamed ; I saw it flaming in his mouth, a good while; he also took up a thick piece of iron, such as laundresses use to put in their smoothing boxes, when it was fiery hot, held it be- tween his teeth, then in his hand, and threw it about like a stone; but this I observed, he cared not to hold very long; then, he stood on a small pot; and, bending his body, took a glowing iron with his mouth from between his feet, without touching the pot, or ground, with his hands ; with divers other prodigious feats. 1 31/1. After sermon (being summoned before), I went to my Lord Keeper's, Sir Orlando Bridgeman, at Essex House, 2 where our new patent was opened and read, constituting us that were of the Council of Plantations, to be now of the Council of Trade also, both united. After the patent was read, we all took our oaths, and departed. 24th. Met in Council, the Earl of Shaftesbury, now our President, swearing our Secretary and his clerks, which was Mr. Locke, 3 an excellent learned gentleman, and student of Christ Church, Mr. Lloyd, and Mr. Frowde. We dispatched a letter to Sir Thomas Linch, Governor of l Then a handsome brick building, on the north side of Leicester- square, which many years later, in 1708, was occupied by the Imperial Ambassador, having been let to him by the Earl of Leicester. 3 Which stood near St. Clement's Church in the Strand, and of which the site is still commemorated in Essex Street, Essex Place, Essex Court, and Devereux Court. ' The celebrated John Locke. When Lord Shaftesbury withdrew to Holland, Locke followed him, for which he was deprived of hit indent's place by an order from the King. 34 Diary Of [London Jamaica, giving him notice of a design of the Dutch on that island. 27th. I went to hear that famous preacher, Dr. Brampton, at St. Giles's, on Psalm xxxix. 6. This divine had been twice at Jerusalem, and was not only a very pious and holy man, but excellent in the pulpit for the moving affections. 8th November. At Council, we debated the business of 'he consulate of Leghorn. 1 was of the Committee with Sir Humphry Winch, the chairman, to examine the laws of his Majesty's several plantations and colonies in the West Indies, &c. 15th. Many merchants were summoned about the con- sulate of Venice; which caused great disputes; the most considerable thought it useless. This being the Queen- Consort's birth-day, there was an extraordinary appear- ance of gallantry, and a ball danced at Court. 30th. I was chosen Secretary to the Royal Society. 21st December. Settled the consulate of Venice. 1672-3. 1st January. After public prayers in the chapel at Whitehall, when I gave God solemn thanks for all His mercies to me the year past, and my humble suppli- cations to Him for His blessing the year now entering, I ^turned home, having my poor deceased servant (Adams) to bury, who died of a pleurisy. 3rd. My son now published his version of " Rapinus Mortorum. " x 28th. Visited Don Francisco de Melos, the Portugal Ambassador, who showed me his curious collection of books and pictures. He was a person of good parts, and a virtuous man. 6th February. To Council about reforming an abuse of the dyers with saundus, and other false drugs ; exam- ined divers of that trade. 23rd. The Bishop of Chichester 2 preached before the 1 " Of Gardens. Four Books. First written in Latin verse, by Renatus Repinus, and now made English. By I. E. f.ondon, 1673. Dedicated to Henry, Earle of Arlington, &c. &c. &c." The Dedication is re-printed in Evelyn's "Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 623, 624. ' Dr. Peter Gunning, who held the Mastership of St. John's Col- lege, Cambridge, and afterwards the Bishopric of Ely. Burnet says of him that he was a man of great reading, a very honest, sincere mn, but of no sound judgment. Hist, of his own Times, i. 297. i673i J°hn Evelyn 85 King on Coloss. ii. 14, 15, admirably well, as he can do nothing but what is well. 51/1 March. Our new vicar, Mr. Holden, preached in Whitehall chapel, on Psalm iv. 6, 7. This gentleman is a very excellent and universal scholar, a good and wise man; but he had not the popular way of preaching, nor is in any measure fit for our plain and vulgar auditory, as his predecessor was. There was, however, no comparison betwixt their parts for profound learning. But time and experience may form him to a more practical way than that he is in of University lectures and erudition ; which is now universally left off for what is much more profitable. 15th. I heard the speech made to the Lords in their House by Sir Samuel Tuke, in behalf of the Papists, to take off the penal laws ; and then dined with Colonel Norwood. 16th. Dr. Pearson, Bishop of Chester, 1 preached on Hebrews ix. 14; a most incomparable sermon from one of the most learned divines of our nation. I dined at my Lord Arlington's with the Duke and Duchess of Mon- mouth ; she is one of the wisest and craftiest of her sex, and has much wit. Here was also the learned Isaac Vossius. 2 During Lent, there is constantly the most excellent preaching by the most eminent bishops and divines of the nation. 26th, I was sworn a younger brother of the Trinity- House, with my most worthy and long acquainted noble friend, Lord Ossory (eldest son to the Duke of Ormond), Sir Richard Browne, my father-in-law, being now Master of that Society ; after which there was a great collation. 29M. I carried my son to the Bishop of Chichester, that learned and pious man, Dr. Peter Gunning, 3 to be instructed by him before he received the Holy Sacrament, * Well known by his Exposition of the Creed. 3 Born at Leyden, 1618. On coming to England, Charles II. gave him a canonry at Windsor, and the University of Oxford conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws. It was said of him by the King, " He is a strange man for a divine ; there is nothing he refuses to believe, but the Bible. " He died in 1688. » Ante, p. 84. 86 Diary of [London^ when he gave him most excellent advice, which I pray God! may influence and remain with him as long as he lives; and that J had been so blessed and instructed, when first] 1 was admitted to that sacred ordinance ! 30th. Easter-Day. Myself and son received the bless Communion, it being his first time, and with that whole! week's more extraordinary preparation. I beseech God to make him a sincere good Christian, whilst I endeavour to instil into him the fear and love of God, and discharge the duty of a father. At the sermon coram Rege, preached by Dr. Sparrow, Bishop of Exeter, to a most crowded auditory ; I staid to see whether, according to custom, the Duke of York received the Communion with the King ; but he did not, to the amazement of every body. This being the second year he had forborne, and put it off, and within a day of the Parliament sitting, who had lately made so severe an Act against the increase of Popery, gave exceeding grief and scandal to the whole nation, that the heir of it, and the son of a martyr for the Protestant religion, should apostatize. What the consequence of this will be, God only knows, and wise men dread. nth April. I dined with the plenipotentiaries designed for the treaty of Nimeguen. 17th. I carried Lady Tuke to thank the Countess of Arlington for speaking to his Majesty in her behalf, for being one of the Queen-Consort's women. She carried us up into her new dressing-room at Goring House, where was a bed, two glasses, silver jars, and vases, cabinets, and other so rich furniture as I had seldom seen ; to this excess of superfluity were we now arrived, and that notj only at Court, but almost universally, even to wantonness and profusion. Dr. Compton, brother to the Earl of Northampton, preached on 1 Corinth, v. 11-16, showing the Church's power in ordaining things indifferent; this worthy person's talent is not preaching, but he is like to make a grave and serious good man. 1 I saw her Majesty's rich toilet in her dressing-room, 1 Henry, sixth son of the second Earl of Northampton, educated at Oxford, began life as a cornet in Lord Oxford'* regiment of guards, but afterwards took orders, and was successively Bishop of Oxford •nd London ; in which last see he died, 1713, aged 81. i673J John Evelyn 87 being all of massy gold, presented to her by the King, valued at ^4000. 26th April. Dr. Lamplugh preached at St. Martin's, the Holy Sacrament following, which I partook of, upon obligation of the late Act of Parliament, enjoining every- body in office, civil or military, under penalty of ^,500, to receive it within one month before two authentic wit- nesses ; being engrossed on parchment, to be afterwards produced in the Court of Chancery, or some other Court of Record ; which I did at the Chancery-bar, as being one of the Council of Plantations and Trade; taking then also the oath of allegiance and supremacy, signing the clause in the said Act against Transubstantiation. 25th May. My son was made a younger brother of the Trinity-house. The new master was Sir J. Smith, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, a stout seaman, who had interposed and saved the Duke from perishing by a fire- ship in the late war. 28th. 1 carried one Withers, an ingenious shipwright, to the King, to show him some new method of building. 291/1. I saw the Italian comedy at the Court, this after- noon. 10th June. Came to visit and dine with me my Lord Viscount Cornbury and his Lady; Lady Frances Hyde, sister to the Duchess of York ; and Mrs. Dorothy Howard, Maid of Honour. We went, after dinner, to see the forma! and formidable camp on Blackheath, raised to invade Holland ; or, as others suspected, for another design. Thence, to the Italian glass-house at Greenwich, where glass was blown of finer metal than that of Murano, at Venice. 13th. Came to visit us, with other ladies of rank, Mrs. Sedley, 1 daughter to Sir Charles, who was none of the most virtuous, but a wit. lgth. Congratulated the new Lord Treasurer, Sir Thomas Osborne, a gentleman with whom I had been intimately acquainted at Paris, and who was every day at my father-in-law's house and table there; on which account, I was too confident of succeeding in his favour, as I had done in his predecessor's ; but such a friend shall I never find, and I neglected my time, far from believing 1 The Duke of York's mistress, afterwards created by him Counter* of Dorchester. See post, pp. 134. 351. 38 Diary of iLondon that my Lord Clifford would have so rashly laid down his staff, as he did, to the amazement of all the world, when it ame to the test of his receiving the Communion, which I am confident he forbore more from some promise he had entered into to gratify the Duke, than from any prejudice to the Protestant religion, though I found him wavering a pretty while. 23rd. To London, to accompany our Council, who went in a body to congratulate the new Lord Treasurer, no friend to it, because promoted by my Lord Arlington, whom he hated. 26th. Came visitors from Court to dine with me and vee the army still remaining encamped on Blackheath. 6th July. This evening I went to the funeral of my dear and excellent friend, that good man and accomplished gentleman, Sir Robert Murray, 1 Secretary of Scotland. He vas buried by order of his Majesty in Westminster Abbey. 25th. I went to Tunbridge Wells, to visit my Lord Clifford, late Lord Treasurer, who was there to divert his mind more than his body ; it was believed that he had so engaged himself to the Duke, that rather than take the Test, without which he was not capable of holding any office, he would resign that great and honourable station. This, 1 am confident, grieved him to the heart, and at last broke it; for, though he carried with him music and people to divert him, and, when I came to see him, lodged me in his own apartment, and would not let me go from him, I found he was struggling in his mind ; and, being of a rough and ambitious nature, he could not long brook the neces- sity he had brought on himself, of submission to this con- juncture. Besides, he saw the Dutch war, which was made much by his advice, as well as the shutting up of the Exchequer, 3 very unprosperous. These things his high spirit could not support. Having staid here two or three days, I obtained leave of my Lord to return. 1 According to the testimony of his contemporaries, universally beloved and esteemed by men of all opinions, and the life and soul of the Royal Society. He delighted in every occasion of doing good, and Burnet refers enthusiastically to his superiority of genius and comprehension. ' Burnet, says the Earl of Shaftesbury, was the chief man in this advice. There is a story, among the gossip of that day, that Shaftes- bury having formed the plan, Clifford got possession of it ovr m bottle of wine, and carried if to the King »« hi» own. 1673] John Evelyn 89 In my way, I saw my Lord of Dorset's house at Knowle, near Sevenoaks, a great old-fashioned house. 30th. July. To Council, where the business of transport- ing wool was brought before us. 31st. I went to see the pictures of all the judges and eminent men of the Long Robe, newly painted by Mr. Wright, 1 and set up in Guildhall, costing the City ^iooo. Most of them are very like the persons they represent, though I never took Wright to be any considerable artist. 13th August. I rode to Durdans, where I dined at my Lord Berkeley's of Berkeley-Castle, my old and noble friend, it being his wedding-anniversary, where I found the Duchess of Albemarle, and other company, and returned home on that evening, late. 15th. Came to visit me my Lord Chancellor, the Earl of Shaftesbury. 18th. My Lord Clifford, being about this time returned from Tunbridge, and preparing for Devonshire, I went to take my leave of him at Wallingford-House; he was pack- ing up pictures, most of which were of hunting wild beasts, and vast pieces of bull-baiting, bear-beating, &c. I found him in his study, and restored to him several papers of state, and others of importance, which he had furnished me with, on engaging me to write the History of the Holland War, with other private letters of his acknow- ledgments to my Lord Arlington, who from a private gentleman of a very noble family, but inconsiderable fortune, had advanced him from almost nothing. The first thing was his being in Parliament, then knighted, then made one of the Commissioners of sick and wounded, on which occasion, we sate long together; then, on the death of Hugh Pollard, he was made Comptroller of the House- hold and Privy Councillor, yet still my brother Commis- sioner; after the death of Lord Fitz-Harding, Treasurer of the Household, he, by letters to Lord Arlington, which that Lord showed me, begged of his Lordship to obtain it for him as the very height of his ambition. These were written with such submissions and professions of his patronage, as I had never seen any more acknowledging. The Earl of Southampton then dying, he was made one of the Commissioners of the Treasury. His Majesty inclin- 1 Michael Wright was a fashionable portrait-painter of the day, but not comparable to Lely. 11 32J o 90 Diary Of [London ing to put it into one hand, my Lord Clifford, under pre- tence of making all his interest for his patron, my Lord Arlington, cut the grass under his feet, and procured it for himself, assuring the King that Lord Arlington did not desire it. Indeed, my Lord Arlington protested to me that his confidence in Lord Clifford made him so remiss, and his affection to him was so particular, that he wag absolutely minded to devolve it on Lord Clifford, all the world knowing how he himself affected ease and quiet, now growing into years, yet little thinking of this go-by. This was the only great ingratitude Lord Clifford showed, keeping my Lord Arlington in ignorance, continually assuring him he was pursuing his interest, which was the Duke's, into whose great favour Lord Clifford was now gotten ; but which certainly cost him the loss of all, namely, his going so irrevocably far in his interest. For the rest, my Lord Clifford was a valiant incorrupt gentleman, ambitious, not covetous ; generous, passion- ate, a most constant sincere friend, to me in particular, so as when he laid down his office, I was at the end of all my hopes and endeavours. These were not for high matters, but to obtain what his Majesty was really in- debted to my father-in-law, which was the utmost of my ambition, and which I had undoubtedly obtained, if this friend had stood. Sir Thomas Osborne, who succeeded him, though much more obliged to my father-in-law and his family, and my long and old acquaintance, being of a more haughty and far less obliging nature, I could hope for little ; a man of excellent natural parts ; but nothing of generous or grateful. Taking leave of my Lord Clifford, he wrung me by the hand, and, looking earnestly on me, bid me God-b'ye, adding, "Mr. Evelyn, I shall never see thee more." " No!" said I, "my Lord, what's the meaning of this? I hope I shall see you often, and as great a person again." " No, Mr. Evelyn, do not expect it, I will never see this place, this City, or Court again," or words of this sound. In this manner, not without almost mutual tears, I parted from him ; nor was it long after, but the news was that he was dead, and I have heard from some who I believe knew, he made himself away, after an extraordinary melancholy. This is not confidently affirmed, but a ser- vant who lived in the house, and afterwards with Sir i673i John Evelyn 91 Robert Clayton, Lord Mayor, did, as well as others, report it ; and when 1 hinted some such thing to Mr. Prideaux, one of his trustees, he was not willing to enter into that discourse. It was reported with these particulars, that, causing his servant to leave him unusually one morning, locking him- self in, he strangled himself with his cravat upon the bed- tester ; his servant, not liking the manner of dismissing him, and looking through the key-hole, (as I remember), and seeing his master hanging, brake in before he was quite dead, and taking him down, vomiting a great deal of blood, he was heard to utter these words, " Well; let men say what they will, there is a God, a just God above;" after which he spake no more. This, if true, is dismal. Really, he was the chief occasion of the Dutch war, and of all that blood which was lost at Bergen in attacking the Smyrna fleet, and that whole quarrel. This leads me to call to mind what my Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury affirmedi not to me only, but to all my brethren the Council of Foreign Plantations, when not long after, this accident being mentioned as we were one day sitting in Council, his Lordship told us this remark- able passage : that, being one day discoursing with him when he was only Sir Thomas Clifford, speaking of men's advancement to great charges in the nation, " Well," says he, " my Lord, I shall be one of the greatest men in England. Don't impute what I say either to fancy, or vanity ; I am certain that I shall be a mighty man ; but it will not last long ; I shall not hold it, but die a bloody death." " What," says my Lord, " your horoscope tells you so?" " No matter for that, it will be as I tell you." " Well," says my Lord Chancellor Shaftesbury, "if I were of that opinion, I either would not be a great man, but decline preferment, or prevent my danger." This my Lord affirmed in my hearing, before several gentlemen and noblemen sitting in council at Whitehall. And I the rather am confident of it, remembering what Sir Edward Walker (Garter King-at-Arms) 1 had likewise 1 Celebrated for his knowledge of heraldry. He attended Charles II. into exile, and after the Restoration he became first Clerk of the Privy Council, and subsequently Garter King-at-Arms. Author, among other works, of Iter Carolinum, or an account of the Marches, Sic, of Kmg Charles I., Military Discoveries, Historical Discoveries, 92 Diary of [Lond( affirmed to me a long time before, even when he was firsts made a Lord ; that carrying his pedigree to Lord Clifford] on his being created a peer, and, finding him busy, he] bade him go into his study, and divert himself there till he) was at leisure to discourse with him about some things! relating to his family; there lay, said Sir Edward, on hi; table, his horoscope and nativity calculated, with some' writing under it, where he read that he should be advanced to the highest degree in the state that could be conferred upon him, but that he should not long enjoy it, but should die, or expressions to that sense ; and I think, (but cannot confidently say) a bloody death. This Sir Edward affirmed both to me and Sir Richard Browne; nor could I forbear to note this extraordinary passage in these memoirs. 14//? September. Dr. Creighton, son to the late eloquent Bishop of Bath and Wells, preached to the Household on Isaiah lvii. 8. i$th. I procured ^4000 of the Lords of the Treasury, and rectified divers matters about the sick and wounded. 16th. To Council, about choosing a new Secretary. jjth. I went with some friends to visit Mr. Bernard Grenville, at Abs Court in Surrey ; an old house in a pretty park. 1 23rd. I went to see Paradise, a room in Hatton- Garden, furnished with a representation of all sorts of animals handsomely painted on boards, or cloth, and so cut out and made to stand, move, fly, crawl, roar, and make their several cries. The man who showed it, made us laugh heartily at his formal poetry. 15th October. To Council, and swore in Mr. Locke, secretary, Dr. Worsley being dead. 27th. To Council, about sending succours to recover New York ; and then we read the commission and instruc- tions to Sir Jonathan Atkins, the new Governor of Barbadoes. 5th November. This night the youths of the City burnt the Pope in effigy, after they had made procession with it in great triumph, they being displeased at the Duke for! altering his religion, and marrying an Italian lady. 3 &c. He died in 1677. Pcpys describes his bringing the Garfpr to thej Earl of Sandwich, and his officiating at the coronation of Charles I I.J l At Walton-on-Thames. ' The Princess Mary Beatrice D'Este, daughter of the Duke of Modena. i674i John Evelyn 93 ^oth. On St. Andrew's day, I first saw the new Duchess of York, and the Duchess of Modena, her mother. 1st December. To Gresham College, whither the City had invited the Royal Society by many of their chief alder- men and magistrates, who gave us a collation, to welcome us to our first place of assembly, from whence we had been driven to give place to the City, on their making it their Exchange, on the dreadful conflagration, till their new Exchange was finished, which it now was. The Society having till now been entertained and having met at Arundel House. 1 2nd. I dined with some friends, and visited the sick : thence, to an alms-house, where was prayers and relief, some very ill and miserable. It was one of the best days I ever spent in my life. yd. There was at dinner my Lord Lockhart, designed ambassador for France, a gallant and a sober person. qth. I saw again the Italian Duchess and her brother, the Prince Reynaldo. 20th. I had some discourse with certain strangers, not unlearned, who had been born not far from Old Nineveh ; they assured me of the ruins being still extant, and vast and wonderful were the buildings, vaults, pillars, and magnificent fragments ; 2 but they could say little of the Tower of Babel that satisfied me. But the description of the amenity and fragrancy of the country for health and cheerfulness, delighted me; so sensibly they spake of the excellent air and climate in respect of our cloudy and splenetic country. 24th. Visited the prisoners at Ludgate, taking orders about the releasing of some. ^oth. I gave Almighty God thanks for His infinite good- ness to me the year past, and begged His mercy and protection the year following : afterwards, invited my neighbours to spend the day with me. 1673-4 : $th January. I saw an Italian opera in music, the first that had been in England of this kind. gth. Sent for by his Majesty to write something 1 One of the great houses by the Strand. It was pulled down at the end of the 17th century, but the family names and titles are retained in the streets which arose on its site, Howard, Norfolk, Arundel, and Surrey. 1 The remarkable discoveries of Mr. Layard give now a curious {rarest to this notice by Evelyn. 94 Diary Of [Windsor against the Hollanders about the duty of the Flag and Fishery. Returned with some papers. 25th March. I dined at Knightsbridge, with the Bishops of Salisbury, Chester, and Lincoln, my old friends. 29th May. His Majesty's birth-day and Restoration. Mr. Demalhoy, Roger L'Estrange, and several of my friends, came to dine with me on the happy occasion. 2jth June. Mr. Dryden, the famous poet and now laureate, came to give me a visit. It was the anniversary of my marriage, and the first day I went into my new little cell and cabinet, which I built below towards the south court, at the east end of the parlour. gth July. Paid 360Z. for purchase of Dr. Jacombe's son's share in the mill and land at Deptford, which I bought of the Beechers. 22nd. I went to Windsor with my wife and son to see my daughter Mary, who was there with my Lady Tuke, and to do my duty to his Majesty. Next day, to a great entertainment at Sir Robert Holmes's at Cranbourne Lodge, in the Forest; there were his Majesty, the Queen, Duke, Duchess, and all the Court. I returned in the even- ing with Sir Joseph Williamson, now declared Secretary of State. He was son of a poor clergyman somewhere in Cumberland, brought up at Queen's College, Oxford, of which he came to be a fellow ; then travelled with and returning when the King was restored, was received as a Clerk under Mr. Secretary Nicholas. Sir Henry Bennett (now Lord Arlington) succeeding, Williamson is transferred to him, who loving his ease more than business (though sufficiently able had he applied himself to it) remitted all to his man Williamson ; and, in a short time, let him so into the secret of affairs, that (as his Lordship himself told me) there was a kind of necessity to advance him ; and so, by his subtlety, dexterity, and insinuation, he got now to be principal Secretary ; absolutely Lord Arlington's creature, and ungrateful enough. It has been the fate of this obliging favourite to advance those who soon forgot their original. Sir Joseph was a musician, could play at Jeu de Goblets, exceeding formal, a severe master to his servants, but so inward with my Lord O'Brien, that after a few months of that gentleman's death, he married his widow, 1 who, being sister and heir 1 Lady Catherine Stuart, sister and heir to Charles Stuart, Duke of 1674] John Evelyn 95 of the Duke of Richmond, brought him a noble fortune. It was thought they lived not so kindly after marriage as they did before. She was much censured for marrying so meanly, being herself allied to the Royal family. 6th August. I went to Groombridge, to see my old friend, Mr. Packer; the house built within a moat, in a woody valley. The old house had been the place of con- finement of the Duke of Orleans, taken by one Waller (whose house it then was) at the battle of Agincourt, now demolished, and a new one built in its place, though a far better situation had been on the south of the wood, on a graceful ascent. At some small distance, is a large chapel, not long since built by Mr. Packer's father, on a vow he made to do it on the return of King Charles I. out of Spain, 1625, and dedicated to St. Charles; but what saint there was then of that name I am to seek, for, being a Protestant, I conceive it was not Borromeo. I went to see my farm at Ripe, near Lewes. \C)th. His Majesty told me how exceedingly the Dutch were displeased at my treatise of the History of Commerce ; x that the Holland Ambassador had complained to him of what I had touched of the Flags and Fishery, &c, and desired the book might be called in ; whilst, on the other side, he assured me he was exceedingly pleased with what I had done, and gave me many thanks. How- ever, it being just upon conclusion of the treaty of Breda (indeed it was designed to have been published some months before and when we were at defiance), his Majesty told me he must recall it formally ; but gave order that what copies should be publicly seized to pacify the Ambas- sador, should immediately be restored to the printer, and that neither he nor the vender should be molested. The truth is, that which touched the Hollander was much less Richmond and Lennox, the husband of Mrs. Frances Stuart, one of the most admired beauties of the Court, with whom Charles the Second was so deeply in love that he never forgave the Duke for marrying her, having already, it is thought, formed some similar intention himself. He took the first opportunity of sending the Duke into an honourable exile, as Ambassador to Denmark, where he shortly after died, leaving no issue by the Duchess. 1 Entitled " Navigation and Commerce, their Original and Pro- gress, &c. By I. Evelyn, Esq., S.R.S." 8vo., 1674. Dedicated to the King. It was, in fact, only the introduction to the intended History of the Dutch War, and is reprinted in his " Miscellaneouj Writings," pp. 625-686. g6 Diary of [Windsor! than what the King himself furnished me with, and obliged! me to publish, having- caused it to be read to him before it went to the press ; but the error was, it should have been published before the peace was proclaimed. The noise of this book's suppression made it presently be bought up, and turned much to the stationer's advantage. It was no other than the Preface prepared to be prefixed to my History of the whole War ; which I now pursued no further. 21st. In one of the meadows at the foot of the long Terrace below the Castle [Windsor], works were thrown up to show the King a representation of the City of Maestricht, newly taken by the French. Bastions, bul- warks, ramparts, palisadoes, graffs, horn-works, counter- scarps, &c, were constructed. It was attacked by the Duke of Monmouth (newly come from the real siege) and the Duke of York, with a little army, to show their skill in tactics. On Saturday night, they made their approaches, opened trenches, raised batteries, took the counterscarp and ravelin, after a stout defence; great guns fired on both sides, grenadoes shot, mines sprung, parties sent out, attempts of raising the siege, prisoners taken, parleys ; and, in short, all the circumstances of a formal siege, to appearance, and, what is most strange, all with- out disorder, or ill accident, to the great satisfaction of a thousand spectators. Being night, it made a formidable show. The siege being over, I went with Mr. Pepys back to London, where we arrived about three in the morning. 15th September. To Council, about fetching away the English left at Surinam, &c. , since our reconciliation with Holland. 21 st. I went to see the great loss that Lord Arlington had sustained by fire at Goring House, this night con- sumed to the ground, with exceeding loss of hangings, plate, rare pictures, and cabinets ; hardly anything was saved of the best and most princely furniture that any subject had in England. My lord and lady were both absent at the Bath. 6th October. The Lord Chief Baron Turner, and Serjeant Wild, Recorder of London, 1 came to visit me. 1 Sir Edward Turner, Speaker of the House of Commons, subse- quently Solicitor-General, and Lord Chief Baron, died in 1675. Serjeant, afterwards Sir William Wild, was Member for the City of London, and Recorder. i674i John Evelyn 97 20th. At Lord Berkeley's, I discoursed with Sir Thomas Modiford, late Governor of Jamaica, and with Colonel Morgan, who undertook that gallant exploit from Nombre de Dios to Panama, on the Continent of America; he told me 10,000 men would easily conquer all the Spanish Indies, they were so secure. They took great booty, and much greater had been taken, had they not been betrayed and so discovered before their approach, by which the Spaniards had time to carry their vast treasure on board snips that put off to sea in sight of our men, who had no boats to follow. They set fire to Panama, and ravaged the country sixty miles about. The Spaniards were so supine and unexercised, that they were afraid to fire a great gun. 3isr. My birth-day, 54th year of my life. Blessed be God ! It was also preparation-day for the Holy Sacra- ment, in which I participated the next day, imploring God's protection for the year following, and confirming my resolutions of a more holy life, even upon the Holy Book. The Lord assist and be gracious unto me ! Amen. 15th November. The anniversary of my baptism : I first heard that famous and excellent preacher, Dr. Burnet (author of the History of the Reformation) on Colossians iii. 10, with such flow of eloquence and fulness of matter, as showed him to be a person of extraordinary parts. Being her Majesty's birth-day, the Court was exceeding splendid in clothes and jewels, to the height of excess. 17th. To Council, on the business of Surinam, where the Dutch had detained some English in prison, ever since the first war, 1665. 19th. I heard that stupendous violin, Signor Nicholao (with other rare musicians), whom I never heard mortal man exceed on that instrument. He had a stroke so sweet, and made it speak like the voice of a man, and, when he pleased, like a concert of several instruments. He did wonders upon a note, and was an excellent composer. Here was also that rare lutanist, Dr. Wallgrave; but nothing approached the violin in Nicholao's hand. He played such ravishing things as astonished us all. 2nd December, At Mr. Slingsby's, Master of the Mint, my worthy friend, a great lover of music. Heard Signor Francisco on the harpsichord, esteemed one of the most excellent masters in Europe on that instrument; then, Ti MI *r> 98 Diary Of [London came Nicholao with his violin, and struck all mute, but Mrs. Knight, who sung incomparably, and doubtless has the greatest reach of any English woman ; she had been lately roaming in Italy, and was much improved in that quality. 15th. Saw a comedy 1 at night, at Court, acted by the ladies only, amongst them Lady Mary and Ann, his Royal Highness 's two daughters, and my dear friend, Mrs. Blagg, who, having the principal part, performed it to admiration. They were all covered with jewels. 22nd. Was at the repetition of the Pastoral, on which occasion Mrs. Blagg had about her near ^20,000 worth of jewels, of which she lost one worth about ^80, borrowed of the Countess of Suffolk. The press was so great, that it is a wonder she lost no more. The Duke made it good. t 674-5. 20th January. Went to see Mr. Streeter, that excellent painter of perspective and landscape, to comfort and encourage him to be cut for the stone, with which that honest man was exceedingly afflicted. 2 22nd March. Supped at Sir William Petty's, with the Bishop of Salisbury, and divers honourable persons We had a noble entertainment in a house gloriously furnished ; the master and mistress of it were extraordinary persons. Sir William was the son of a mean man somewhere in Sussex, and sent from school to Oxford, where he studied Philosophy, but was most eminent in Mathematics and Mechanics ; proceeded Doctor of Physic, and was grown famous, as for his learning so for his recovering a poor wench that had been hanged for felony ; and her body having been begged (as the custom is) for the anatomy 1 This was the Masque of Calisto, or the Chaste Nymph, by John Crowne. The performers in the piece were, the two daughters of the Duke of York, Lady Henrietta Wentworth (afterwards mistress to the Duke of Monmouth), Countess of Sussex, Lady Mary Mordaunt. Mrs. Blagg, who had been Maid of Honour to the Queen, and Mrs. Jennings, then Maid of Honour to the Duchess of York, and after- wards the celebrated Duchess of Marlborough. The Duke of Mon- mouth, Lord Dumblaine, Lord Daincourt, were among the dancers; and Mrs. Davis, Mrs. Knight, Mrs. Butler, and other celebrated comedians of the day, also acted and sung in the performance. The Masque was printed (1675) in 4I0. J The King, who had a great regard for this artist, is said to have sent for a famous surgeon from Paris, on purpose to perform the operation. 1675; John Evelyn 99 lecture, he bled her, put her to bed to a warm woman, and, with spirits and other means, restored her to life. 1 The young scholars joined and made a little portion, and married her to a man who had several children by her, she living fifteen years after, as 1 have been assured. Sir William came from Oxford to be tutor to a neighbour of mine ; thence, when the rebels were dividing their con- quests in Ireland, he was employed by them to measure and set out the land, which he did on an easy contract, so much per acre. This he effected so exactly, that it not only furnished him with a great sum of money ; but enabled him to purchase an estate worth ^4000 a year. He afterwards married the daughter of Sir Hardress Waller; she was an extraordinary wit as well as beauty, and a prudent woman. Sir William, amongst other inventions, was author of the double-bottomed ship, 2 which perished, and he was censured for rashness, being lost in the Bay of Biscay in a storm, when, I think, fifteen other vessels miscarried. This vessel was flat-bottomed, of exceeding use to put into shallow ports, and ride over small depths of water. It consisted of two distinct keels cramped together with huge timbers, &c. , so as that a violent stream ran between; it bare a monstrous broad sail, and he still persists that it is practicable, and of exceeding use; and he has often told me he would adventure himself in such another, could he procure sailors, and his Majesty's permission to make a second Experiment; which name the King gave the vessel at the launching. The Map of Ireland made by Sir William Petty is l A full account of this event was given in a published pamphlet at the time, entitled " Newes from the Dead, or a true and exact Narration of the miraculous Deliverance of Anne Greene, who being executed at Oxford, Dec. 14, 1650, afterwards revived ; and by the cure of certain physicians there, is now perfectly recovered. Oxford, the second Impression, with Additions, 4to. 1651." Added to the Narrative are several copies of Verses in Latin, English, and French, by Gentlemen of the University, commemorative of the event ; amongst others, by Joseph Williamson, afterwards Secretary of State, by Christopher Wren, the famous architect, then of Wadham College, by Walter Pope, Dr. Ralph Bathurst (the last under other names), and many more. The pamphlet was reprinted, but very negligently, from the first and worst edition, in Morgan's Phcenix Britannicus, 4to. ' See ante, vol. i. pp. 385 394. ioo Diary of [London believed to be the most exact that ever yet was made oi any country. He did promise to publish it; and I am toldj it has cost him near ^iooo to have it engraved at Amster-| dam. There is not a better Latin poet living, when he) gives himself that diversion ; nor is his excellence less in] Council and prudent matters of state ; but he is so exceed- ing nice in sifting and examining all possible contingencies, that he adventures at nothing which is not demonstration. There was not in the whole world his equal for a super- intendent of manufacture and improvement of trade, or to govern a plantation. If I were a Prince, I should make him my second Counsellor, at least. There is nothing difficult to him. He is, besides, courageous; on which account, I cannot but note a true story of him, that when Sir Aleyn Brodrick sent him a challenge upon a difference betwixt them in Ireland, Sir William, though exceedingly purblind, accepted the challenge, and it being his part to propound the weapon, desired his antagonist to meet him with a hatchet, or axe, in a dark cellar; which the other, of course, refused. Sir William was, with all this, facetious and of easy conversation, friendly and courteous, and had such a faculty of imitating others, that he would take a text and preach, now like a grave orthodox divine, then falling into the Presbyterian way, then to the fanatical, the Quaker, the monk and friar, the Popish priest, with such admirable action, and alteration of voice and tone, as it was nod possible to abstain from wonder, and one would swear to hear several persons, or forbear to think he was not in good earnest an enthusiast and almost beside himself ; then, he would fall out of it into a serious discourse ; but it was very rarely he would be prevailed on to oblige the company with this faculty, and that only amongst most intimate friends. My Lord Duke of Ormond once obtained it of him, and was almost ravished with admiration; bui by-and-bye, he fell upon a serious reprimand of the faults and miscarriages of some Princes and Governors, which, though he named none, did so sensibly touch the Duke,, who was then Lieutenant of Ireland, that he began to be very uneasy, and wished the spirit laid which he hat raised, for he was neither able to endure such truths, n< could he but be delighted. At last, he melted his discourse to a ridiculous subject, and came down from the joint l\ intl i675J John Evelyn 101 stool on which he had stood ; but my lord would not have him preach any more. He never could get favour at Court, because he outwitted all the projectors that came near him. Having never known such another genius, I cannot but mention these particulars, amongst a multitude of others which I could produce. When I, who knew him in mean circumstances, have been in his splendid palace, he would himself be in admiration how he arrived at it; nor was it his value or inclination for splendid furniture and the curiosities of the age, but his elegant lady could endure nothing mean, or that was not magnificent. He was very negligent himself, and rather so of his person, and of a philosophic temper. *' What a to-do is here!'' would he say, " I can lie in straw with as much satis- faction. " He is author of the ingenious deductions from the bills of mortality, which go under the name of Mr. Graunt; also of that useful discourse of the manufacture of wool, and several others in the register of the Royal Society. He was also author of that paraphrase on the 104th Psalm in Latin verse, which goes about in MS., and is inimitable. In a word, there is nothing impenetrable to him. 26th March. Dr. Brideoak was elected Bishop of Chi- chester, on the translation of Dr. Gunning to Ely. 30th. Dr. Allestree preached on Romans vi. 3, the necessity of those who are baptized to die to sin ; a very excellent discourse from an excellent preacher. 25th April. Dr. Barrow, 1 that excellent, pious, and most learned man, divine, mathematician, poet, traveller, and most humble person, preached at Whitehall to the house- hold, on Luke xx. 27, of love and charity to our neigh- bours. 29th. I read my first discourse Of Earth and Vegetation before the Royal Society as a lecture in course, after Sir Robert Southwell 2 had read his the week before On Water. I was commanded by our President, and the suffrage of the Society, to print it. 1 Master of Trinity College, Cambridge ; in which he succeeded Dr. John Pearson, made Bishop of Chester. > Sent Envoy Extraordinary to Portugal, in 1665, and in the same capacity to Brussels, in 167 1. He was subsequently Clerk of the Privy Council, and having shown much taste for learned and scien- tific researches, was five times elected President of the Royal Society Ho died in 170a. His son Edward became Secretary of State. 102 Diary Of [London 16th May. This day was my dear friend, Mrs. Blagg, 1 married at the Temple Church to my friend, Mr. Sidney Godolphin, Groom of the Bedchamber to his Majesty. 18th. I went to visit one Mr. Bathurst, a Spanish merchant, my neighbour. 3i5t. I went with Lord Ossory to Deptford, where we chose him Master of the Trinity Company. 2nd June. I was at a conference of the Lords and Commons in the Painted Chamber, on a difference about imprisoning- some of their members; and, on the 3d, at another conference, when the Lords accused the Commons for their transcendant misbehaviour, breach of privilege, Magna Charta, subversion of government, and other high, provoking, and diminishing expressions, showing what duties and subjection they owed to the Lords in Par- liament, by record of Henry IV. This was likely to create a notable disturbance. 15th. This afternoon came Monsieur Querouaille and his lady, parents to the famous beauty and ***** favourite at Court, to see Sir R. Browne, with whom they were intimately acquainted in Bretagne, at the time Sir Richard was sent to Brest to supervise his Majesty's sea- affairs, during the later part of the King's banishment. This gentleman's house was not a mile from Brest; Sir Richard made an acquaintance there, and, being used very civilly, was obliged to return it here, which he did. He seemed a soldierly person and a good fellow, as the Bretons generally are ; his lady had been very handsome, and seemed a shrewd understanding woman. Conversing with him in our garden, I found several words of the Breton language the same with our Welch. His daughter was now made Duchess of Portsmouth, and in the height of favour; but he never made any use of it. 27th. At Ely House, I went to the consecration of my worthy friend, the learned Dr. Barlow, Warden of Queen's College, Oxford, now made Bishop of Lincoln. After it, succeeded a magnificent feast, where were the Duke of Ormond, Earl of Lauderdale, the Lord Treasurer, Lord Keeper, &c. 8th July. I went with Mrs. Howard and her two j daughters towards Northampton Assizes, about a trial at law, in which I was concerned for them as a trustee. We 1 Ante, p. 4a, &c. and see post, p. 137. i675] John Evelyn 103 lay this night at Henley-on-the-Thames, at our attorney, Mr. Stephens's, who entertained us very handsomely. Next day, dining at Shotover, at Sir Timothy Ty rill's, a sweet place, we lay at Oxford, where it was the time of the Act. Mr. Robert Spencer, uncle to the Earl of Sunderland, and my old acquaintance in France, enter- tained us at his apartment in Christ Church, with exceed- ing generosity. 10th. The Vice-Chancellor, Dr. Bathurst (who had for- merly taken particular care of my son), President of Trinity College, invited me to dinner, and did me great honour all the time of my stay. The next day, he invited me and all my company, though strangers to him, to a very noble feast. I was at all the academic exercises. — Sunday, at St. Mary's, preached a Fellow of Brasen-nose, not a little magnifying the dignity of Churchmen. nth. We heard the speeches, and saw the ceremony of creating Doctors in Divinity, Law, and Physic. I had early in the morning heard Dr. Morison, Botanic Professor, read on divers plants in the Physic Garden : and saw that rare collection of natural curiosities of Dr. Plot's, of Magdalen Hall, author of The Natural History of Oxfordshire, all of them collected in that shire, and indeed extraordinary, that in one county there should be found such variety of plants, shells, stones, minerals, marcasites, fowls, insects, models of works, crystals, agates and marbles. He was now intending to visit Staffordshire, and, as he had of Oxfordshire, to give us the natural, topical, political, and mechanical history. Pity it is that more of this industrious man's genius were not employed so to describe every county of England ; it would be one of the most useful and illustrious works that was ever produced in any age or nation. 1 I visited also the Bodleian Library, and my old friend, the learned Obadiah Walker, head of University College, which he had now almost re-built, or repaired. We then proceeded to Northampton, where we arrived the next day. 1 Robert Morison, Physician to Charles II., Regius Professor of Botany at Oxford, and author of " Prseludium Botanicum," and of the fragment of a " Historia Plantarum," which he left unfinished when he died, in 1683. Robert Plot, Doctor of Laws, one of the Secretaries of the Royal Society, Royal Historiographer, Keeper of the Archives of the Heralds' College ; celebrated for his " Natural Histories of Oxfordshire and Staffordshire." He died in 1696. io4 Diary of [Aithorpe/ In this journey, went part of the way Mr, James' Graham (since Privy Purse to the Duke), a young- gentle- man exceedingly in love with Mrs. Dorothy Howard,] one of the Maids of Honour in our company. 1 I could] not but pity them both, the mother not much favouring! it. This lady was not only a great beauty, but a most virtuous and excellent creature, and worthy to have been wife to the best of men. My advice was required, and I spake to the advantage of the young gentleman, more out of pity than that she deserved no better match; for, though he was a gentleman of good family, yet there was great inequality. 14th July. I went to see my Lord Sunderland's Seat at Althorpe, four miles from the ragged town of Northampton (since burnt, and well re-built). It is placed in a pretty open bottom, very finely watered and flanked with stately woods and groves in a park, with a canal, but the water is not running, which is a defect. The house, a kind of modern building, of freestone, within most nobly furnished; the apartments very commodious, a gallery and noble hall ; but the kitchen being in the body of the house, and chapel too small, were defects. There is an old yet honourable gate-house standing awry, and out-housing mean, but designed to be taken away. It was moated round, after the old manner, but it is now dry, and turfed with a beau- tiful carpet. Above all, are admirable and magnificent the several ample gardens furnished with the choicest fruit, and exquisitely kept. Great plenty of oranges, and other curiosities. The park full of fowl, especially herns, and from it a prospect to Holmby House, which being demol- ished in the late civil wars, shows like a Roman ruin, shaded by the trees about it, a stately, solemn, and pleasing view. 15th. Our cause was pleaded in behalf of the mother, Mrs. Howard 2 and her daughters, before Baron Thurland, 1 He afterwards married her. See the next note. 1 Mrs. Howard was widow of William, fourth son of the first Earl of Berkshire, being the daughter of Lord Dundas, a Scottish peer. They had one son, Craven Howard, and two daughters, Dorothy, who married Colonel James Graham, of Levens, in Westmoreland ; and Anne, who married Sir Gabriel Sylvius, Knt. Craven married two wives, the first of whom was Anne Ogle, of the family of the Ogles of Pinchbeck, in the county of Lincoln. She was Maid of honour to Queen Catherine at the time. The two daughters are the 1675] John Evelyn 105 who had formerly been steward of Courts for me; we car- ried our cause, as there was reason, for here was an imprudent as well as disobedient son against his mother, by instigation, doubtless, of his wife, one Mrs. Ogle, (an ancient maid), whom he had clandestinely married, and who brought him no fortune, he being heir-apparent to the Earl of Berkshire. We lay at Brickhill, in Bedfordshire, and came late the next day to our journey's end. This was a journey of adventures and knight-errantry. One of the lady's servants being as desperately in love with Mrs. Howard's woman, as Mr. Graham was with her daughter, and she riding on horseback behind his rival, the amorous and jealous youth having a little drink in his pate, had here killed himself had he not been prevented ; for, alighting from his horse, and drawing his sword, he en- deavoured twice or thrice to fall on it, but was interrupted by our coachman, and a stranger passing by. After this, running to his rival, and snatching his sword from his side (for we had beaten his own out of his hand), and on the sudden pulling down his mistress, would have run both of them through ; we parted them, not without some blood. This miserable creature poisoned himself for her not many days after they came to London. 19th July. The Lord Treasurer's Chaplain preached at Wallingford-House. gth August. Dr. Sprat, prebend of Westminster, and Chaplain to the Duke of Buckingham, preached on the 3rd verse of Jude, showing what the primitive faith was, how near it and how excellent that of the Church of England, also the danger of departing from it. 2jth. I visited the Bishop of Rochester, at Bromley, and dined at Sir Philip Warwick's, at Frogpoole [Frog- nail]. 2nd September. 1 went to see Dulwich College, being the pious foundation of one Alleyn, a famous comedian, in King James's time. The chapel is pretty, the rest of the hospital very ill contrived ; it yet maintains divers poor of both sexes. It is a melancholy part of Camberwell parish. I came back by certain medicinal Spa waters, at a place ladies mentioned by Evelyn in the text ; but he is not correct in calling Craven heir-apparent of the Earl of Berks, since, besides the uncle then in possession of the title, there was another uncle before hitn, who in fact inherited it, and did not die till many years after. I06 Diary Of [London called Sydenham Wells, in Lewisham parish, much fre- quented in summer. 10th. I was casually showed the Duchess of Ports- mouth's splendid apartment at Whitehall, luxuriously fur- nished, and with ten times the richness and glory beyond the Queen's; such massy pieces of plate, whole tables, and stands of incredible value. 29th. I saw the Italian Scaramuccio act before the King at Whitehall, people giving money to come in, which was very scandalous, and never so before at Court-diversions. Having seen him act before in Italy, many years past, I was not averse from seeing the most excellent of that kind of folly. 14th October. Dined at Kensington with my old acquaintance, Mr. Henshaw, newly returned from Den- mark, where he had been left resident after the death of the Duke of Richmond, who died there Ambassador. 15th. I got an extreme cold, such as was afterwards so epidemical, as not only to afflict us in this island, but was rife over all Europe, like a plague. It was after an exceed- ing dry summer and autumn. I settled affairs, my Son being to go into France with my Lord Berkeley, designed Ambassador-extraordinary for France and Plenipotentiary for the general treaty of peace at Nimeguen. 24/h. Dined at Lord Chamberlain's with the Holland Ambassador L. Duras, a valiant gentleman whom his Majesty made an English Baron, of a cadet, and gave him his seat of Holmby in Northamptonshire. 1 2jth. Lord Berkeley coming into Council, fell down in the gallery at Whitehall, in a fit of apoplexy, and being carried into my Lord Chamberlain's lodgings, several famous doctors were employed all that night, and with much ado he was at last recovered to some sense, by apply- ing hot fire-pans and spirit of amber to his head; but nothing was found so effectual as cupping him on the shoulders. It was almost a miraculous restoration. The next day he was carried to Berkeley-House. This stopped his journey for the present, and caused my stay in town. He had put all his affairs and his whole estate in England into my hands during his intended absence, which though 1 Since Earl of Faversham. See Baker's Northamptonshire, vol. i. p. 197. 1675] John Evelyn 107 I was very unfit to undertake, in regard to many businesses which then took me up, yet, upon the great importunity of my lady and Mr. Godolphin (to whom I could refuse nothing) I did take it on me. It seems when he was Deputy in Ireland, not long before, he had been much wronged by one he left in trust with his affairs, and there- fore wished for some unmercenary friend who would take that trouble on him ; this was to receive his rents, look after his houses and tenants, solicit supplies from the Lord Treasurer, and correspond weekly with him, more than enough to employ any drudge in England ; but what will not friendship and love make one do? 31st October. Dined at my Lord Chamberlain's, with my Son. There were the learned Isaac Vossius, and Spanhemius, 1 son of the famous man of Heidelberg ; nor was this gentleman less learned, being a general scholar. Amongst other pieces, he was author of an excellent treatise on Medals. 10th November. Being the day appointed for my Lord Ambassador to set out, I met them with my coach at New Cross. There were with him my Lady his wife, and my dear friend, Mrs. Godolphin, who, out of an extraordinary friendship, would needs acompany my lady to Paris, and stay with her some time, which was the chief inducement for permitting my Son to travel, but I knew him safe under her inspection, and in regard my Lord himself had promised to take him into his special favour, he having intrusted all he had to my care. Thus, we set out, three coaches (besides mine), three waggons, and about forty horse. It being late, and my Lord as yet but valetudinary, we got but to Dartford, the first day, the next to Sittingbourne. At Rochester, the major, Mr. Cony, then an officer of mine for the sick and wounded of that place, gave the ladies a handsome refreshment as we came by his house. \2th. We came to Canterbury : and, next morning, to Dover. There was in my Lady Ambassadress's company my 1 Ezekiel Spanheim was born at Geneva in 1629. The Elector Palatine, Charles Louis, to whose son he had been tutor, sent him, after the peace of Ryswicke, ambassador to France, and thence to England, where he died in 1710. He was a learned author, as well as a celebrated diplomatist. 108 Diaiy Of [Dover Lady Hamilton, a sprightly young lady, much in the good graces of the family, wife of that valiant and worthy gentle- man George Hamilton, not long after slain in the wars. She had been a maid of honour to the Duchess, and now turned Papist. 14th November. Being Sunday, my Lord having before delivered to me his letter of attorney, keys, seal, and his Will, we took solemn leave of one another upon the beach, the coaches carrying them into the sea to the boats, which delivered them to Captain Gunman's yacht, the Mary. Being under sail, the castle gave them seventeen guns, which Captain Gunman answered with eleven. Hence, I went to church, to beg a blessing on their voyage. 2nd December. Being returned home, I visited Lady Mordaunt at Parson's Green, my Lord her son being sick. This pious woman delivered to me £100 to bestow as I thought fit for the release of poor prisoners, and other charitable uses. 21st. Visited her Ladyship again, where I found the Bishop of Winchester, whom I had long known in France ; he invited me to his house at Chelsea. 23rd. Lady Sunderland gave me ten guineas, to bestow in charities. 1675-6. 20th February. Dr. Gunning, Bishop of Ely, preached before the King from St. John xx. 21, 22, 23, chiefly against an anonymous book, called Naked Truth, a famous and popular treatise against the corruption in the Clergy, but not sound as to its quotations, supposed to have been the Bishop of Hereford's, 1 and was answered by Dr. Turner, it endeavouring to prove an equality of order of Bishop and Presbyter. 2jt)i. Dr. Pritchard, Bishop of Gloucester, preached at Whitehall, on Isaiah v. 5, very allegorically, according to his manner, yet very gravely and wittily. 29th. I dined with Mr. Povey, one of the Masters of Requests, a nice contriver of all elegancies, and exceedingly formal. Supped with Sir J. Williamson, where were of our Society Mr. Robert Boyle, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir Wil- liam Petty, Dr. Holden, sub-dean of his Majesty's Chapel, Sir James Shaen, Dr. Whistler. 2 and our Secretary, Mr. Oldenburg. 1 Dr. Herbert Croft. • President of the College of Physicians. He accompanied Bulstrode 1675] John Evelyn 109 4th March. Sir Thomas Linch was returned from his government of Jamaica. 1 6th. The Countess of Sunderland and I went by water to Parson 's-green, to visit my Lady Mordaunt, and to consult with her about my Lord's monument We returned by coach. igth. Dr. Lloyd, late Curate of Deptford, but now Bishop of Llandaff, preached before the King, on i Cor. xv. 57, that though sin subjects us to death, yet through Christ we become his conquerors. 23rd. To Twickenham Park, Lord Berkeley's country- seat, to examine how the bailiffs and servants ordered matters. 24th. Dr. Brideoak, 1 Bishop of Chichester, preached a mean discourse for a Bishop. 1 also heard Dr. Fleetwood, Bishop of Worcester, on Matt. xxvi. 38, of the sorrows of Christ, a deadly sorrow caused by our sins ; he was no great preacher. 30th. Dining with my Lady Sunderland, I saw a fellow swallow a knife, and divers great pebble stones, which would make a plain rattling one against another. The knife was in a sheath of horn. Dr. North, son of my Lord North, preached before the King, on Isaiah liii. 5-7, a very young but learned and excellent person. Note. This was the first time the Duke appeared no more in chapel, to the infinite grief and threat- ened ruin of this poor nation. 2nd April. I had now notice that my dear friend, Mrs. Godolphin, was returning from Paris. On the 6th, she arrived to my great joy, whom I most heartily welcomed. 28th. My wife entertained her Majesty at Deptford, for which the Queen gave me thanks in the withdra wing-room at Whitehall. The University of Oxford presented me with the Mar- mora Oxoniensia Arundeliana ; the Bishop of Oxford writ- ing to desire that I would introduce Mr. Prideaux, 2 the Whitclock in his embassy to Sweden, and died in 1684. Pepys says that he found him " good company, and a very ingenious man." l Ante, p. 101. Ralph Brideoake, Dean of Salisbury, succeeded Bishop Gunning in this see. ' The copy of Prideaux 's book thus presented to Evelyn is still in the library at Wotton. Humphrey Prideaux was born in 1648, and beratm Dean of Norwich He was the author of " The Connection of 110 Diary Of [London editor (a young man most learned in antiquities) to the Duke of Norfolk, to present another dedicated to his Grace, which I did, and we dined with the Duke at Arundel House, and supped at the Bishop of Rochester's with Isaac Vossius. yth May. I spoke to the Duke of York about my Lord Berkeley's going to Nimeguen. Thence, to the Queen's Council at Somerset House, about Mrs. Godolphin's lease of Spalding, in Lincolnshire. nth. I dined with Mr. Charleton, and went to see Mr. Montague's new palace near Bloomsbury, built by Mr. Hooke, of our Society, after the French manner. 1 131/1. Returned home, and found my son returned from France ; praised be God ! 22nd. Trinity Monday. A chaplain of my Lord Ossory's preached, after which we took barge to Trinity House in London. Mr. Pepys (Secretary of the Admiralty) suc- ceeded my Lord as Master. 2nd June. I went with my Lord Chamberlain to see a garden, 2 at Enfield town; thence, to Mr. Secretary Coven- try's lodge in the Chase. It is a very pretty place, the house commodious, the gardens handsome, and our enter- tainment very free, there being none but my Lord and myself. That which I most wondered at was, that, in the compass of twenty-five miles, yet within fourteen of London, there is not a house, barn, church, or building, besides three lodges. 3 To this Lodge are three great ponds, and some few inclosures, the rest a solitary desert, yet stored with not less than 3000 deer. These are pretty retreats for gentlemen, especially for those who are studi- ous and lovers of privacy. We returned in the evening by Hampstead, to see Lord Wotton's house and garden (Bellsize House 4 ), built with vast expense by Mr. O'Neale, an Irish gentleman who married Lord Wotton's mother, Lady Stanhope. The fur- the History of the Old and New Testament," "The Life of Mahomet," and other works. He died in 1724. 1 Now the British Museum. * Probably Dr. Robert Uvedale's. See an account of It in Archceo- logia, vol. xii. p. 188, and Robinson's History of Enfield, vol. J. p. in. S Enfield Chase was divided in 1777. * In Park's History of Hampstead will be found notices of this house. 1676] John Evelyn in niture is very particular for Indian cabinets, porcelain, and other solid and noble moveables. The gallery very fine, the gardens very large, but ill-kept, yet woody and charge- able. The soil a cold weeping clay, not answering the expense. 12th June. I went to Sir Thomas Bond's new and fine house by Peckham ; it is on a flat, but has a fine garden and prospect through the meadows to London. 2nd July. Dr. Castillion, Prebend of Canterbury, preached before the King, on John xv. 22, at Whitehall. igth. Went to the funeral of Sir William Sanderson, husband to the Mother of the Maids, 1 and author of two large but mean histories of King James and King Charles the First. He was buried at Westminster. 1st August. In the afternoon, after prayers at St. James's Chapel, was christened a daughter of Dr. Leake's, the Duke's Chaplain : godmothers were Lady Mary, daughter of the Duke of York, and the Duchess of Mon- mouth : godfather, the Earl of Bath. 15th. Came to dine with me my Lord Halifax, Sir Thomas Meeres, one of the Commissioners of the Admir- alty, Sir John Clayton, Mr. Slingsby, Mr. Henshaw, and Mr. Bridgeman. 25th. Dined with Sir John Banks at his house in Lincoln's Inn Fields, on recommending Mr. Upman to be tutor to his son going into France. This Sir John Banks was a merchant of small beginning, but had amassed ;£ 1 00,000. 26th. I dined at the Admiralty with Secretary Pepys, and supped at the Lord Chamberlain's. Here was Captain Baker, who had been lately on the attempt of the North- west passage. He reported prodigious depth of ice, blue as a sapphire, and as transparent. The thick mists were their chief impediment, and cause of their return. 2nd September. I paid ^1700 to the Marquis de Sissac, which he had lent to my Lord Berkeley, and which I heard the Marquis lost at play in a night or two. The Dean of Chichester preached before the King, on Acts xxiv. 16; and Dr. Crichton preached the second 1 The author of a " History of Mary Queen of Scots," and of Histories of James and Charles I. He held the post of gentleman of the chamber, and his wife that of " mother of the maids." See ante, vol. i. p. 371. 112 Diary Of [London! sermon before him on Psalm xc. 12, of wisely numbering our days, and well employing- our time. 3rd. Dined at Captain Graham's, where I became 1 acquainted with Dr. Compton (brother to the Earl of! Northampton), now Bishop of London, and Mr. North, son to the Lord North, brother to the Lord Chief Justice and Clerk of the Closet, a most hopeful young- man. The Bishop had once been a soldier, had also travelled Italy, and became a most sober, grave, and excellent prelate. 6th. Supped at the Lord Chamberlain's, where also supped the famous beauty and errant lady, the Duchess of Mazarine (all the world knows her story), the Duke of Monmouth, Countess of Sussex (both natural chil- dren of the King by the Duchess of Cleveland *), and the Countess of Derby, a virtuous lady, daughter to my best friend, the Earl of Ossory. 10th. Dined with me Mr. Flamsted, the learned astro- loger and mathematician, 2 whom his Majesty had estab- lished in the new Observatory in Greenwich Park, furnished with the choicest instruments. An honest, sincere man. 12th. To London, to take order about the building of a house, or rather an apartment, which had all the conveni- ences of a house, for my dear friend, Mr. Godolphin and lady, which I undertook to contrive and survey, and employ workmen until it should be quite finished ; it being just over-against his Majesty's wood-yard by the Thames side, leading to Scotland-yard. igth. To Lambeth, to that rare magazine of marble, to take order for chimney-pieces, &c. , for Mr. Godolphin 's house. The owner of the works had built for himself a pretty dwelling-house ; this Dutchman had contracted with 1 Evelyn makes a slip here. The Duke of Monmouth's mother was, it is well known, Lucy Walters, sometimes called Mrs. Barlow, and heretofore mentioned in the Diary. Nor is he more correct as to the Countess of Sussex. Lady Anne Fitzroy, as she is called in the Peerage books, was married to Lennard Dacre, Earl of Sussex, by whom she left a daughter only, who succeeded on her father's death to the Barony of Dacre. On the other hand, the Duke of South- ampton, the Duke of Grafton, and the Duke of Northumberland, were j all of them children of Charles the Second by the Duchess of Cleve- land. 2 John Flamstcad, author of " Historia Ccelestis Britannica, " and Mther works. A distinguished astronomer; and in the comprehensive- ness of his scientific knowledge, second only to Sir Isaac Newton. He died in 1719. i©76] John Evelyn 113 the Genoese for all their marble. We also saw the Duke of Buckingham's glass-work, where they made huge vases of metal as clear, ponderous, and thick as crystal ; also looking-glasses far larger and better than any that come from Venice. gth October. I went with Mrs. Godolphin and my wife to Blackwall, to see some Indian curiosities; the streets being slippery, I fell against a piece of timber with such violence that I could not speak nor fetch my breath for some space : being carried into a house and let blood, I was removed to the water-side and so home, where, after a day's rest, I recovered. This being one of my greatest deliverances, the Lord Jesus make me ever mindful and thankful ! 31s*. Being my birth-day, and fifty-six years old, I spent the morning in devotion and imploring God's pro- tection, with solemn thanksgiving for all his signal mercies to me, especially for that escape which concerned me this month at Blackwall. Dined with Mrs. Godolphin, and returned home through a prodigious and dangerous mist. gth November. Finished the lease of Spalding, for Mr. Godolphin. 16th. My Son and I dining at my Lord Chamberlain's, he showed us amongst others that incomparable piece of Raphael's, being a Minister of State dictating to Guicciar- dini, the earnestness of whose face looking up in expecta- tion of what he was next to write, is so to the life, and so natural, as I esteem it one of the choicest pieces of that admirable artist. There was a Woman's head of Leonardo da Vinci ; a Madonna of old Palma, and two of Vandyke's, of which one was his own picture at length, when young, in a leaning posture; the other, an eunuch, singing. Rare pieces indeed ! 4*/i December. I saw the great ball danced by all the gallants and ladies at the Duchess of York's. 10th. There fell so deep a snow, as hindered us from church. 12th. To London, in so great a snow, as I remember not to have seen the like. xjth. More snow falling, I was not able to get to church. 1676-7, 8th February. I went to Roehampton, with my H4 Diary of [Londoi lady Duchess of Ormond. The garden and perspective is] pretty, the prospect most agreeable. i$th May. Came the Earl of Peterborough, to desirej me to be a trustee for Lord Viscount Mordaunt and the I Countess, for the sale of certain lands set out by Act of Parliament, to pay debts. 12th June. I went to London, to give the Lord Ambas- sador Berkeley (now returned from the treaty at Nime- guen) an account of the great trust reposed in me during his absence, I having received and remitted to him no less than ^20,000 to my no small trouble and loss of time, that during his absence, and when the Lord Treasurer was no great friend [of his] I yet procured him great sums, very often soliciting his Majesty in his behalf; looking after the rest of his estates and concerns entirely, without once accepting any kind of acknowledgment, purely upon the request of my dear friend, Mr. Godolphin. I returned with abundance of thanks and professions from my Lord Berke- ley and my Lady. 291/1. This business being now at an end, and myself delivered from that intolerable servitude and correspond- ence, I had leisure to be somewhat more at home and to myself. yd July. I sealed the deeds of sale of the manor of Blechingley to Sir Robert Clayton, for payment of Lord Peterborough's debts, according to the trust of the Act of Parliament. 16th. I went to Wotton. — 22nd. Mr. Evans, curate of Abinger, preached an excellent sermon on Matt. v. 12. In the afternoon, Mr. Higham at Wotton catechised. 26th. I dined at Mr. Duncomb's, at Sbeere, whose house stands environed with very sweet and quick streams. 2<.)th. Mr. Bohun, my Son's late tutor, preached at Abinger, on Phil. iv. 8, very elegantly and practically. $th August. I went to visit my Lord Brounker, now taking the waters at Dulwich. gth. Dined at the Earl of Peterborough's the day after the marriage of my Lord of Arundel to Lady Mary Mor- daunt, daughter to the Earl of Peterborough. 28th. To visit my Lord Chamberlain, in Suffolk ; he sent his coach and six to meet and bring me from St. Edmund's Bury to Euston. f077] John Evelyn 115 29th. We hunted in the Park and killed a very fat buck. — 31st. I went a hawking. 4th September. I went to visit my Lord Crofts, now dying- at St. Edmund's Bury, and took the opportunity to see this ancient town, and the remains of that famous monastery and abbey. There is little standing- entire, save the gatehouse; it has been a vast and magnificent Gothic structure, and of great extent. The gates are wood, but quite plated over with iron. There are also two stately churches, one especially. 5r.fr. I went to Thetford, to the borough-town, where stand the ruins of a religious house : there is a round mountain artificially raised, either for some castle, or monument, which makes a pretty landscape. As we went and returned, a tumbler showed his extraordinary address in the Warren. I also saw the Decoy ; much pleased with the stratagem. jth. There dined this day at my Lord's one Sir John Gaudy, a very handsome person, but quite dumb, yet very intelligent by signs, and a very fine painter; he was so civil and well bred, as it was not possible to discern any imperfection in him. His lady and children were also there, and he was at church in the morning with us. gffr. A stranger preached at Euston Church, and fell into a handsome panegyric on my Lord's new building the church, which indeed for its elegance and cheerfulness, is one of the prettiest country churches in England. My Lord told me his heart smote him that, after he had bestowed so much on his magnificent palace there, he should see God's House in the ruin it lay in. He has also re-built the parsonage-house, all of stone, very neat and ample. \oth. To divert me, my Lord would needs carry me to see Ipswich, when we dined with one Mr. Mann by the way, who was Recorder of the town. There were in our company my Lord Huntingtower, son to the Duchess of Lauderdale, Sir Edward Bacon, a learned gentleman of the family of the great Chancellor Verulam, and Sir John Felton, with some other Knights and Gentlemen. After dinner, came the Bailiff and Magistrates in their form- alities with their maces to compliment my Lord, and invite him to the town-house, where they presented us a collation of dried sweetmeats and wine, the bells ringing, n6 Diary of dpswich &c. Then, we went to see the town, and first, the Lord Viscount Hereford's house, which stands in a park near the town, like that at Brussels, in Flanders ; the house not great, yet pretty, especially the hall. The stews for fish succeed one another, and feed one the other, all paved at bottom. There is a good picture of the Blessed Virgin in one of the parlours, seeming to be of Holbein or some good master. Then we saw the Haven, seven miles from Harwich. The tide runs out every day, but the bedding being soft mud, it is safe for shipping and a station. The trade of Ipswich is for the most part Newcastle coals, with which they supply London ; but it was formerly a clothing town. There is not any beggar asks alms in the whole place, a thing very extraordinary, so ordered by the prudence of the Magistrates. It has in it fourteen or fifteen beautiful churches : in a word, it is for building, cleanness, and good order, one of the best towns in England. Cardinal VVolsey was a butcher's son of Ipswich, but there is little of that magnificent Prelate's foundation here, besides a school and I think a library, which I did not see. His intentions were to build some great thing. We returned late to Euston, having travelled about fifty miles this day. Since first I was at this place, I found things exceed- ingly improved. It is seated in a bottom between two graceful swellings, the main building being now in the figure of a Greek n with four pavilions, two at each corner, and a break in the front, railed and balustred at the top, where I caused huge jars to be placed full of earth to keep them steady upon their pedestals between the statues, which make as good a show as if they were of stone, and, though the building be of brick, and but two stories besides cellars, and garrets covered with blue slate, yet there is room enough for a full court, the offices and outhouses being so ample and well disposed. The King's apartment is painted it fresco, and magnificently furnished. There are many excellent pictures of the great masters. The gallery is a pleasant, noble room : in the break, or middle, is a billiard-table, but the wainscot, being of fir, and painted, does not please me so well as Spanish oak without paint. The chapel is pretty, the porch descending to the gardens. The orange-garden is very fine, and leads into the green-house, at the end of which is a hall to eat in, 1677] John Evelyn 117 and the conservatory some hundred feet long, adorned with maps, as the other side is with the heads of the Cresars, ill cut in alabaster; above, are several apartments for my Lord, Lady, and Duchess, 1 with kitchens and other offices below, in a lesser form ; lodgings for servants, all distinct, for them to retire to when they please, and would be in private, and have no communication with the palace, which he tells me he will wholly resign to his son-in-law and daughter, that charming young creature. The canal running under my lady's dressing-room chamber window, is full of carps and fowl, which come and are fed there. The cascade at the end of the canal turns a corn-mill, that provides the family, and raises water for the fountains and offices. To pass this canal into the opposite meadows, Sir Samuel Morland has in- vented a screw-bridge, which, being turned with a key, lands you fifty feet distant at the entrance of an ascending walk of trees, a mile in length, as it is also on the front into the park, of four rows of ash-trees, and reaches to the park-pale, which is nine miles in compass, and the best for riding and meeting the game that I ever saw. There were now of red and fallow deer almost a thousand, with good covert, but the soil barren and flying sand, in which nothing will grow kindly. The tufts of fir, and much of the other wood, were planted by my direction, some years before. This seat is admirably placed for field-sports, hawking, hunting, or racing. The mutton is small, but sweet. The stables hold thirty horses and four coaches. The out-offices make two large quadrangles, so as servants never lived with more ease, and convenience ; never master more civil. Strangers are attended and accommodated as at their home, in pretty apartments furnished with all manner of conveniences and privacy. There is a library full of excellent books; bathing-rooms, elaboratory, dispensary, a decoy, and places to keep and fat fowl in. He had now in his new church (near the garden) built a dormitory, or vault, with several reposi- tories, in which to bur}' his family. In the expense of this pious structure, the church is most laudable, most of the Houses of God in this country resembling rather stables and thatched cottages than temples in which to serve the Most High. He has built 1 Hi» daughter, wifr of the Duk*> of Grafton. n8 Diary of [Eustonj a lodge in the park for the keeper, which is a neat dwell-j ing, and might become any gentleman. The same has he! done for the parson, little deserving it for murmuring that] my Lord put him some time out of his wretched hovel, whilst it was building. He has also erected a fair inn at] some distance from his palace, with a bridge of stone over a river near it, and repaired all the tenants' houses, so as there is nothing but neatness and accommodations about his estate, which I yet think is not above 1500Z. a year. I believe he had now in his family one hundred domestic servants. His lady (being one of the Brederode's daughters, grandchild to a natural son of Henry Frederick, Prince of Orange) is a good-natured and obliging woman. They love line things, and to live easily, pompously, and hos- pitably; but, with so vast expense, as plunges my Lord into debts exceedingly. My Lord himself is given into no expensive vice but building, and to have all things rich, polite, and princely. He never plays, but reads much, having the Latin, French, and Spanish tongues in perfec- tion. He has travelled much, and is the best-bred and courtly person his Majesty has about him, so as the public Ministers more frequent him than any of the rest of the Nobility. Whilst he was Secretary of State and Prime Minister, he had gotten vastly, but spent it as hastily, even before he had established a fund to maintain his greatness ; and now beginning to decline in favour (the Duke being no great friend of his), he knows not how to retrench. He was son of a Doctor of Laws, whom I have seen, and, being sent from Westminster School to Oxford, with in- tention to be a divine, and parson of Arlington, 1 a village near Brentford, when Master of Arts, the Rebellion falling out, he followed the King's Army, and receiving an honourable wound in the face* grew into favour, and was advanced from a mean fortune, at his Majesty's restora- tion, to be an Earl and Knight of the Garter, Lord Cham- berlain of the Household, and first favourite for a long time, during which the King married his natural son, the 1 In Lord Clarendon's Continuation of his Life will be found the mention of a curious circumstance relating to Sir Henry Bennett's taking his title, when first created a Baron, from this place. ' A deep cut across his nose. He was obliged alwavs to wear a black patch upon it, and so is represented in his portraits x677] John Evelyn 119 Duke of Grafton, to his only daughter and heiress, as before mentioned, worthy for her beauty and virtue of the greatest Prince in Christendom. My Lord is, besides this, a prudent and understanding person in business, and speaks well ; unfortunate yet in those he has advanced, most of them proving ungrateful. The many obligations and civilities I have received from this noble gentleman, extracts from me this character, and I am sorry he is in no better circumstances. Having now passed near three weeks at Euston, to my great satisfaction, with much difficulty he suffered me to look homeward, being very earnest with me to stay longer; and, to engage me, would himself have carried me to Lynn-Regis, a town of important traffic, about twenty miles beyond, which I had never seen ; as also the Travel- ling Sands, about ten miles wide of Euston, that have so damaged the country, rolling from place to place, and, like the Sands in the Deserts of Lybia, quite overwhelmed some gentlemen's whole estates, as the relation extant in print, and brought to our Society, describes at large. 13th September. My Lord's coach conveyed me to Bury, and thence baiting at Newmarket, stepping in at Audley-End to see that house again, I slept at Bishop- Stortford ; and, the next day, home. I was accompanied in my journey by Major Fairfax, of a younger house of the Lord Fairfax, a soldier, a traveller, an excellent musician, a good-natured well-bred gentleman. 18th. 1 preferred Mr. Phillips (nephew of Milton) to the service of my Lord Chamberlain, who wanted a scholar to read to and entertain him sometimes. 12th October. With Sir Robert Clayton to Marden, an estate he had bought lately of my kinsman, Sir John Evelyn, of Godstone, in Surrey, which from a despicable farm-house Sir Robert had erected into a seat with extra- ordinary expense. It is in such a solitude among hills, as, being not above sixteen miles from London, seems almost incredible, the ways up to it are so winding and intricate. The gardens are large, and well-walled, and the husbandry part made very convenient and perfectly understood. The barns, the stacks of corn, the stalls for cattle, pigeon-house, &c. , of most laudable example. Innumerable are the plantations of trees, especially walnuts. The orangery and gardens are very curious. In 120 Diary Of [London the house are large and noble rooms. He and his lady] (who is very curious in distillery) entertained me three orj four days very freely. I earnestly suggested to him thci repairing of an old desolate dilapidated church, standing! on the hill above the house, 1 which I left him in good disposition to do, and endow it better; there not being above four or five houses in the parish, besides that of this prodigious rich Scrivener. 2 This place is exceeding sharp in the winter, by reason of the serpentining of the hills : and it wants running water; but the solitude much pleased me. All the ground is so full of wild thyme, marjoram, and other sweet plants, that it cannot be over- stocked with bees ; I think he had near forty hives of that industrious insect. 14th October. I went to church at Godstone, and to see old Sir John Evelyn's dormitory, joining to the church, paved with marble, where he and his lady lie on a very stately monument at length; he in armour of white marble. 3 The inscription is only an account of his par- ticular branch of the family, on black marble. 15th. Returned to London; in the evening, I saw the Prince of Orange, and supped with Lord Ossory. 23rd. Saw again the Prince of Orange; his marriage 1 Woldingham. The Church consisted of one room about thirty feet long and twenty-one wide, without any tower, spire, or bell. It was considered as a Donative, not subject to the Bishop; and service was performed therein once a month. No churchwarden ; two! farm-houses, four cottages; and by the Population Return, even as late as 181 1, the number of inhabitance was only fifty-eight. That disposition in Sir Robert Clayton which Evelyn fancied he saw,, appears to have subsided ; the church remained, some century and a half later, as it was in Evelyn's time. 3 The last member of the Company called Scriveners, named Ellis, died at the age of more than 90. Dr. Johnson speaks well of him. Their business comprehended that of a Banker, and what is nowj called a Conveyancer ; they had money deposited with them for the' purpose of making purchases, or lending on mortgage, and it was they who prepared the deeds. In the time of King Charles I., and during the civil wars and commonwealth, a gentleman of the name of Abbot in the City had a very great share of this business, and he had two clerks, named Clayton and Morris, who jointly succeeded to his interest in it, from which they acquired a great estate. Mr. Morris died first, and, having no children, left his property to his friend, who became Sir Robert Clayton. The first Editor of Evelyn'sj Diary had seen a deed attested by Mr. Abbot, as Scrivener, and by Mr. Morris and Mr. Clayton, as his servants. See post, p. 140. * It is a very fine monument, in perfect preservation. 1577J John Evelyn 121 with the Lady Mary, eldest daughter to the Duke of York, by Mrs. Hyde, the late Duchess, was now declared. 11th November. I was ail this week composing matters between old Mrs. Howard and Sir Gabriel Sylvius, upon his long and earnest addresses to Mrs. Anne, her second daughter, 1 Maid of Honour to the Queen. My friend, Mrs. Godolphin (who exceedingly loved the young lady) was most industrious in it, out of pity to the languishing knight; so as though there were great differences in their years, it was at last effected, and they were married the 13th, in Henry VII. 's Chapel, by the Bishop of Rochester, 2 there being besides my wife and Mrs. Graham, her sister, Mrs. Godolphin, and very few more. We dined at the old lady's, and supped at Mr. Graham's at St. James's. 15th. Queen's birthday, a great Ball at Court, where the Prince of Orange and his new Princess danced. xgth. They went away, and I saw embarked my Lady Sylvius, who went into Holland with her husband, made Hoffmaester to the Prince, a considerable employment. We parted with great sorrow, for the great respect and honour I bore her, a most pious and virtuous lady. 27/H. Dined at the Lord Treasurer's with Prince Rupert, Viscount Falkenburg, Earl of Bath, Lord O'Brien. Sir John Lowther, Sir Christopher Wren, Dr. Grew, 3 and other learned men. 2oth. Sir Joseph Williamson, Principal Secretary of State, was chosen President of the Royal Society, after my Lord Viscount Brounker had possessed the chair now sixteen years successively, and therefore now thought fit to change, that prescription might not prejudice. 4th December. Being the first day of his taking the chair, he gave us a magnificent supper. 20th. Carried to my Lord Treasurer an account of the Earl of Bristol's Library, at Wimbledon, which my Lord thought of purchasing, till I acquainted him that it was a very broken collection, consisting much in books of judicial astrology, romances, and trifles. 4 1 Ante, p. 104, note. S Dr. John Dolben, also Dean of Westminster, translated after- wards to York. 1 Neherniah Grew, a physician, who directed his researches to- wards botany, and one of the first who advocated the theory of different sexes in plants. Born 1628, died 171 1. * Yet who can doubt that a library of this description, a " very II 221 E 122 Diary Of [London 25th. I gave my Son an office, with instructions how to govern his youth; I pray God give him the grace to make a right use of it ! 1677-8. 23rd January. Dined with the Duke of Nor- folk, being the first time I had seen him since the death of his elder brother, who died at Padua in Italy, where he had resided above thirty years. The Duke had now newly declared his marriage to his concubine, whom he promised me he never would marry. 1 I went with him to see the Duke of Buckingham, thence to my Lord Sunderland, now Secretary of State, to show him that rare piece of Voster- man's (son of old Vosterman), which was a view, or land- scape of my Lord's palace, &c. , at Althorpe, in North- amptonshire. 8th February. Supping at my Lord Chamberlain's I had a long discourse with the Count de Castel Mellor, lately Prime Minister in Portugal, who, taking part with his master, King Alphonso, was banished by his brother, Don Pedro, now Regent ; but had behaved himself so un- corruptly in all his ministry that, though he was acquitted, and his estate restored, yet would they not suffer him to return. He is a very intelligent and worthy gentleman. 18th. My Lord Treasurer sent for me to accompany him to Wimbledon, which he had lately purchased of the Earl of Bristol; so breaking fast with him privately in his chamber, I accompanied him with two of his daughters, my Lord Conway, and Sir Bernard Gascoyne; and, having surveyed his gardens and alterations, returned late at night. 22nd. Dr. Pierce preached at Whitehall, on 2 Thessa- I lonians iii. 6, against our late schismatics, in a rational discourse, but a little over-sharp, and not at all proper for the auditory there. 22nd March. Dr. South preached coram Eege, an in- comparable discourse on this text, " A wounded spirit who can bear!" Note : Now was our Communion-table placed broken collection " though it might then be considered, would now- a-days be deemed a curious collection, and an object of much com- petition? Habent sua fata libelli t ! The Duke had now taken his second wife, Mrs. Jane Bickerton, daughter of a Scotch gentleman, Mr. Robert Bickerton, who was Gentleman of the Wine-Cellar to King Charles II. Ante, p. 68, and see pott, p. 124. 1678] John Evelyn 123 altarwise ; the church steeple, clock, and other reparations finished. 1 6th April. I showed Don Emmanuel de Lyra (Portugal Ambassador) and the Count de Castel Mellor, the Reposi- tory of the Royal Society, and the College of Physicians. 18th. I went to see new Bedlam Hospital, magnificently built, 1 and most sweetly placed in Moorfields, since the dreadful fire in London. 28th June. I went to Windsor with my Lord Chamber- lain (the castle now repairing with exceeding cost) to see the rare work of Verrio, an incomparable carving of Gibbons. 29M. Returned with my Lord by Hounslow Heath, where we saw the new-raised army encamped, designed against France, in pretence, at least ; but which gave umbrage to the Parliament. His Majesty and a world of company were in the field, and the whole army in battalia ; a very glorious sight. Now were brought into service a new sort of soldiers, called Grenadiers, who were dexterous in flinging hand grenados, every one having a pouch full; they had furred caps with coped crowns like Janizaries, which made them look very fierce, and some had long hoods hanging down behind, as we picture fools. Their clothing being likewise piebald, yellow and red. 8th July. Came to dine with me my Lord Longford, Treasurer of Ireland, nephew to that learned gentleman, my Lord Aungier, with whom I was long since acquainted : also the Lady Stidolph, and other company. igth. The Earl of Ossory came to take his leave of me, going into Holland to command the English forces. 20th. I went to the Tower to try a metal at the Assay- master's, which only proved sulphur; then saw Monsieur Rotiere, that excellent graver belonging to the Mint, who emulates even the ancients, in both metal and stone; 3 he was now moulding a horse for the King's statue, to be cast 1 Taken down in 1814, and a new one erected on the Surrey side of the Thames, in the road leading from St. George's Fields to Lambeth. On pulling it down, the foundations were found to be very bad, it having been built on part of the Town-ditch, and on a soil very unfit for the erection of so large a building. The patients were removed to the new building in August 1815. ' Doubtless Philip Rotiere, who introduced the figure of Britannia into the coinage, taking for his model the King's favourite, Frances Stuftrt, Duchess of Richmond. 124 Diary Of [London In silver, of a yard high. I dined with Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint. 23rd July. Went to see Mr. Elias Ashmole's library and curiosities, at Lambeth. He has divers MSS., but most of them astrological, to which study he is addicted, though I believe not learned, but very industrious, as his History of the order of the Garter proves. He showed me a toad included in amber. The prospect from a turret, is very fine, it being so near London, and yet not discovering any house about the country. The famous John Tradescant bequeathed his Repository to this gentleman, who has given them to the University of Oxford, and erected a lecture on them, over the laboratory, in imitation of the Royal Society. 1 Mr. Godolphin was made Master of the Robes to the King. 25th. There was sent mc £70; from whom I knew not, to be by me distributed among poor people; I afterwards found it was from that dear friend (Mrs. Godolphin), who had frequently given me large sums to bestow on charities. 16th August. I went to Lady Mordaunt, who put ^100 into my hand to dispose of for pious uses, relief of pris- oners, poor, &c. Many a sum had she sent me on similar occasions,; a blessed creature she was, and one that loved and feared God exemplarily. 23rd. Upon Sir Robert Reading's importunity, I went to visit the Duke of Norfolk, at his new Palace at Weybridge, 2 where he has laid out in building near ^10,000, on a copyhold, and in a miserable, barren, sandy place by the street-side; never in my life had I seen such 1 The donation took effect in 1677, and a suitable building was erected by Sir Christopher Wren, Bearing the name of the " Ashmolean Museum." This was the first public institution for the reception of Rarities in Art or Nature, established in England ; and it possessed what, in the infancy of the study of Natural History in this country, might fairly be regarded as a valuable and superior collection. In the Museum are preserved good portraits of Ashmole, and of the Tradescant family, by Dobson, from which very poor and ill-executed engravings have been taken. * This house was the property of Mrs. Bickerton, whom the Duke married. After his death, she married Mr. Maxwell, and they, to- gether with Lord George Howard (her eldest son by the Duke), sold it to Mrs. Sedley, afterwards Countess of Dorchester, mistress to James II. The Countess, who bore a daughter to James II., afterwards married David Collyer, Earl of Portmore. See post, p. 351. 1678] John Evelyn 125 expense to so small purpose. The rooms are wainscotted, and some of them richly pargeted with cedar, yew, cypress, &c. There are some good pictures, especially that incomparable painting of Holbein's, where the Duke of Norfolk, Charles Brandon, and Henry VIII. , are dancing with the three ladies, with most amorous countenances, and sprightly motion exquisitely expressed. It is a thou- sand pities, (as I told my Lord of Arundel his son) that that jewel should be given away. 24th. I went to see my Lord of St. Alban's house, at Byfleet, an old large building. Thence, to the paper- mills, where I found them making a coarse white paper. They cull the rags which are linen for white paper, woollen for brown ; then they stamp them in troughs to a pap, with pestles, or hammers, like the powder-mills, then put it into a vessel of water, in which they dip a frame closely wired with wire as small as a hair and as close as a weaver's reed ; on this they take up the pap, the superfluous water draining through the wire; this they dexterously turning, shake out like a pancake on a smooth board between two pieces of flannel, then press it between a great press, the flannel sucking out the moisture; then, taking it out, they ply and dry it on strings, as they dry linen in the laundry; then dip it in alum-water, lastly, polish and make it up in quires. They put some gum in the water in which they macerate the rags. The mark we find on the sheets is formed in the wire. 25th. After evening prayer, visited Mr. Sheldon, (nephew to the late Archbishop of Canterbury) and his pretty melancholy garden ; I took notice of the largest arbor thuyris I had ever seen. The place is finely watered, and there are many curiosities of India, shown in the house. There was at Weybridge the Duchess of Norfolk, Lord Thomas Howard, (a worthy and virtuous gentleman, with whom my son was sometime bred in Arundel House) who was newly come from Rome, where he had been some time; also one of the Duke's daughters, by his first lady. My Lord leading me about the house made no scruple of showing me all the hiding-places for the Popish priests, and where they said mass, for he was no bigoted Papist. He told me he never trusted them with any secret, and used Protestants only in all businesses of importance. 1 26 Diary Of [London | I went this evening with my Lord Duke to Windsor, where was a magnificent Court, it being the first time of his Majesty removing thither since it was repaired. 27th August. I took leave of the Duke, and dined at I Mr. Henry Bruncker's, at the Abbey of Sheene, formerly a Monastery of Carthusians, there yet remaining one of their solitary cells with a cross. Within this ample enclosure are several pretty villas and fine gardens of the most excellent fruits, especially Sir William Temple's (lately Ambassador into Holland), and the Lord Lisle 's, son to the Earl of Leicester, who has divers rare pictures, above all, that of Sir Brian Tuke's, by Holbein. After dinner, I walked to Ham, to see the house and garden of the Duke of Lauderdale, which is indeed inferior to tew of the best villas in Italy itself ; the house furnished like a great Prince's; the parterres, flower-gardens, orangeries, groves, avenues, courts, statues, perspectives, fountains, aviaries, and all this at the banks of the sweetest river in the world, must needs be admirable. Hence, I went to my worthy friend, Sir Henry Capel, [at Kew] brother to the Karl of Essex ; it is an old timber- house; but his garden has the choicest fruit of any planta- tion in England, as he is the most industrious and under- standing in it. 29th. I was called to London to wait upon the Duke of Norfolk, who having at my sole request bestowed the Arundelian Library on the Royal Society, sent to me to take charge of the books, and remove them, only stipulat- ing that I would suffer the Herald's chief officer, Sir William Dugdale, to have such of them as concerned Heraldry and the Marshal's office, books of Armory and Genealogies, the Duke being Earl Marshal of England. I procured for our Society, besides printed books, near one hundred MSS., some in Greek of great concernment. Thel printed books being of the oldest impressions, are not thej less valuable; I esteem them almost equal to MSS. Amongst them, are most of the Fathers, printed at Basil, before the Jesuits abused them with their expurgatory Indexes; there is a noble MS. of Vitruvius. Many of these books had been presented by Popes, Cardinals, and great persons, to the Earls of Arundel and Dukes of Norfolk ; and the late magnificent Earl of Arundel bought a noble library in Germany, which is in this collection. I 1678] John Evelyn 127 should not, for the honour I bear the family, have per- suaded the Duke to part with these, had I not seen how negligent he was of them, suffering the priests and every- body to carry away and dispose of what they pleased ; so that abundance of rare things are irrecoverably gone. Having taken order here, I went to the Royal Society to give them an account of what I had procured, that they might call a Council and appoint a day to wait on the Duke to thank him for this munificent gift. 3rd September. I went to London, to dine with Mrs. Godolphin, and found her in labour; she was brought to bed of a son, who was baptised in the chamber, by the name of Francis, the susceptors being Sir William Godolphin (head of the family), Mr. John Hervey, Treasurer to the Queen, and Mrs. Boscawen, sister to Sir William and the father. 8th. Whilst I was at church came a letter from Mr. Godolphin, that my dear friend his lady was exceedingly ill, and desiring my prayers and assistance. My wife and 1 took boat immediately, and went to Whitehall, where, to my inexpressible sorrow, I found she had been attacked with a new fever, then reigning this excessive hot autumn, and which was so violent, that it was not thought she could last many hours. gth. She died in the 26th year of her age, to the inex- pressible affliction of her dear husband, and all her rela- tions, but of none in the world more than of myself, who lost the most excellent and inestimable friend that ever lived. Never was a more virtuous and inviolable friend- ship; never a more religious, discreet, and admirable crea- ture, beloved of all, admired of all, for all possible perfec- tions of her sex. She is gone to receive the reward of her signal charity, and all other her Christian graces, too blessed a creature to converse with mortals, fitted as she was, by a most holy life, to be received into the mansions above. She was for wit, beauty, goodnature, fidelity, dis- cretion, and all accomplishments, the most incomparable person. How shall I ever repay the obligations to her for the infinite good offices she did my soul by so often engaging me to make religion the terms and tie of the friendship there was between us ! She was the best wife, the best mistress, the best friend, that ever husband had. But it is not here that I pretend to give her 128 Diary Of [London character, having designed to consecrate her worthy life to posterity. Her husband, struck with unspeakable affliction, fell down as dead. The King himself, and all the Court, expressed their sorrow. To the poor and miserable, her loss was irreparable ; for there was no degree but had some obligation to her memory. So careful and provident was she to be prepared for all possible accidents, that (as if she foresaw her end) she received the heavenly viaticum but the Sunday before, after a most solemn recollection. She put all her domestic concerns into the exactest order, and left a letter directed to her husband, to be opened in case she died in child-bed, in which with the most pathetic and endearing expressions of the most loyal and virtuous wife, .^he begs his kindness to her memory might be con- tinued by his care and esteem of those she left behind, even to her domestic servants, to the meanest of which she left considerable legacies, as well as to the poor. It was now seven years since she was Maid of Honour to the Queen, that she regarded me as a father, a brother, and what is more, a friend. We often prayed, visited the sick and miserable, received, read, discoursed, and com- municated in all holy offices together. She was most dear to my wife, and affectionate to my children. But she is gone ! This only is my comfort, that she is happy in Christ, and I shall shortly behold her again I 1 She desired to be buried in the dormitory of his family, near three hundred miles from all her other friends. So afflicted was her husband at this severe loss, that the entire care of her funeral was committed to me. Having closed the eyes, and dropped a tear upon the cheek of my dear departed friend, lovely even in death, I caused her corpse to be embalmed and wrapped in lead, a plate of brass soldered thereon, with an inscription, and other circumstances due to her worth, with as much diligence and care as my grieved heart would permit me; I then retired home for two days, which were spent in solitude and sad reflection. 1 Mr. Godolphin (afterwards Lord Godolphin) continued the steady friend of Mr. Evelyn, whose grandson married into his family. The infant now mentioned as born, carried on through a long life the friendly family intercourse thus earnestly begun ; and Evelyn, in redemption of the oromise in the text, wrote Mrs. Godolphin's Life, which was afterwards published under the auspices of the Bifhop of Oxford. 1678] John Evelyn 129 17th September. She was, accordingly, carried to Godolphin, in Cornwall, in a hearse with six horses, attended by two coaches of as many, with about thirty of her relations and servants. There accompanied the hearse her husband's brother, Sir William, two more of his brothers, and three sisters : her husband was so overcome with grief, that he was wholly unfit to travel so long a journey, till he was more composed. I went as far as Hounslow with a sad heart ; but was obliged to return upon some indispensable affairs. The corpse was ordered to be taken out of the hearse every night, and decently placed in the house, with tapers about it, and her servants attending, to Cornwall ; and then was honourably interred in the parish church of Godolphin. This funeral cost not much less than ^iooo. With Mr. Godolphin, I looked over and sorted his lady's papers, most of which consisted of Prayers, Meditations, Sermon-notes, Discourses, and Collections on several religious subjects, and many of her own happy composing, and so pertinently digested, as if she had been all her life a student in divinity. We found a diary of her solemn resolutions, tending to practical virtue, with letters from select friends, all put into exact method. It astonished us to see what she had read and written, her youth considered. 1 st October. The Parliament and the whole Nation were alarmed about a conspiracy of some eminent Papists for the destruction of the King and introduction of Popery, discovered by one Oates and Dr. Tongue, 1 which l Ezrael Tonge was bred in University College, Oxford, arid being puritanically inclined, quitted the University ; but in 1648 returned, and was made a Fellow. Me had the living of Pluckley, in Kent, which he resigned in consequence of quarrels with his parishioners and Quakers. In 1657, he was made Fellow of the newly-erected College at Durham, and that being dissolved in 1660, he taught school at Islington. He then went with Colonel Edward Harley to Dunkirk, and subsequently took a small living in Herefordshire (Lent- wardine) : but quitted it for St. Mary Stayning, in London, which, after the fire in 1666, was united to St. Michael, Wood Street. These he held till his death, in 16X0. He was a great opponent of the Roman Catholics. Wood mentions several publications of his, among which are, The Jesuits unmasked, 1678; Jesuitical Aphorisms, 1678; and The Jesuits' Morals, 16X0 (1670); the two latter translated from the French. (Wood's Athen. Oxon. vol. ii. p. 502.) Evelyn speaks of the last of these translations as having been executed by his desire : and it figures in a notable passage of Oates's testimony. Oates said, for example, " that Thoma» Whi thread, a priest, on 13th June, 16 . • n 2ai *k I3O Diary Of [London last ] knew, being the translator of the ** Jesuits' Morals ;" I went to see and converse with him at Whitehall, with Mr. Oates, one that was lately an apostate to the Church of Rome, and now returned again with this discovery. He seemed to be a bold man, and, in my thoughts, furiously indiscreet; but everybody believed what he said; and it quite changed the genius and motions of the Parliament, growing now corrupt and interested with long sitting and court practices ; but, with all this, Popery would not go down. This discovery turned them all as one man against it, and nothing was done but to find out the depth of this. Oates was encouraged, and everything he affirmed taken for gospel ; — the truth is, the Roman Catholics were exceeding bold and busy everywhere, since the Duke forbore to go any longer to the chapel. 16th October. Mr. Godolphin requested me to continue the trust his wife had reposed in me, in behalf of his little son, conjuring me to transfer the friendship I had for his dear wife, on him and his. 21st. The murder of Sir Edmondbury Godfrey, found strangled about this time, as was manifest, by the Papists, he being the Justice of the Peace, and one who knew much of their practices, as conversant with Coleman (a servant of the .... now accused), put the whole nation into a new ferment against them. 31st. Being my 58th of my age, required my humble addresses to Almighty God, and that He would take off His heavy hand, still on my family ; and restore comforts to us after the loss of my excellent friend. $th November. Dr. Tillotson preached before the Commons at St. Margaret's. He said the Papists were now arrived at that impudence, as to deny that there ever was any such as the gunpowder-conspiracy ; but he did tell the rector of St. Omer's that a Minister of the Church of England had scandalously put out the Jesuits' Morals in English, and had endeavoured to render them odious, and had asked the Rector whether he thought Oates might know him? and the Rector called the deponent, who heard these words as he stood at the chamber- door, and when he wont into the chamber of the Provincial, he asked him ' If he knew the author of the Jesuits' Morals?' deponent answered, ' His person, but not his name.' Whitbread then demanded, whether he would undertake to poison, or assassinate the author ; which deponent undertook, having £$o reward promised him, and appointed to return to England." i«79] John Evelyn 131 affirmed that he himself had several letters written by Sir Everard Digby (one of the traitors), in which he gloried that he was to suffer for it ; and that it was so contrived, that of the Papists not above two or three should have been blown up, and they, such as were not worth saving. 15th. The Queen's birthday. I never saw the Court more brave, nor the nation in more apprehension and con- sternation. Coleman and one Staly had now been tried, condemned, and executed. On this, Oates grew so pre- sumptuous, as to accuse the Queen of intending to poison the King ; which certainly that pious and virtuous lady abhorred the thoughts of, and Oates 's circumstances made it utterly unlikely in my opinion. He probably thought to gratify some who would have been glad his Majesty should have married a fruitful lady ; but the King was too kind a husband to let any of these make impression on him. However, divers of the Popish peers were sent to the Tower, accused by Oates ; and all the Roman Catholic lords were by a new Act for ever excluded the Parliament; which was a mighty blow. The King's, Queen's, and Duke's servants, were banished, and a test to be taken by everybody who pretended to enjoy any office of public trust, and who would not be suspected of Popery. I went with Sir William Godolphin, a member of the Commons' House, to the Bishop of Ely (Dr. Peter Gunning), to be resolved whether masses were idolatory, as the text expressed it, which was so worded, that several good Pro- testants scrupled, and Sir William, though a learned man and excellent divine himself, had some doubts about it. The Bishop's opinion was, that he might take it, though he wished it had been otherwise worded in the text. 1678-9. 15th January. I went with my Lady Sunder- land to Chelsea, and dined with the Countess of Bristol [her mother] in the great house, formerly the Duke of Buckingham's, a spacious and excellent place for the extent of ground and situation in a good air. 1 The house 1 This mansion stood at the north end of Beaufort Row, extending westward about 100 yards from the water-side. It was originally called Buckingham-House : but in January 1682 was sold by Lady Anne Russell, daughter of Francis, Earl of Bedford, to Henry, Marquis of Worcester, created Duke of Beaufort in the same year ; after whom it was known by the title of Beaufort-House. It con- tinued to be the residence of this family till about the year 1720, when having stood empty for several years, it was purchased by Sir M*n» I32 Diary Of [London is large, but ill-contrived, though my Lord of Bristol who purchased it after he sold Wimbledon to my Lord Treasurer, expended much money on it. There were divers pictures of Titian and Vandyke, and some of Bas- sano, very excellent, especially an Adonis and Venus, a Duke of Venice, a butcher in his shambles selling meat to a Swiss; and of Vandyke, my Lord of Bristol's picture, with the Earl of Bedford's at iength, in the same table. There was in the garden a rare collection of orange-trees, of which she was pleased to bestow some upon me. 16th January. I supped this night with Mr. Secretary at one Mr. Houblon's, a French merchant, who had his house furnished en Prince, and gave us a splendid enter- tainment. 1 25th. The Long Parliament, which had sat ever since the Restoration, was dissolved by persuasion of the Lord Treasurer, though divers of them were believed to be his pensioners. At this, all the politicians were at a stand, they being very eager in pursuit of the late plot of the Papists. 30th. Dr. Cud worth preached before the King at White- hall, on 2 Timothy iii. 5, reckoning up the perils of the last times, in which, amongst other wickedness, trea- sons should be one of the greatest, applying it to the occasion, as committed under a form of reformation and godliness ; concluding that the prophecy did intend more particularly the present age, as one of the last times ; the sins there enumerated, more abundantly reigning than ever. 2nd February. Dr. Durell, Dean of Windsor, preached to the household at Whitehall, on 1 Cor. xvi. 22 ; he read the whole sermon out of his notes, which I had never before seen a Frenchman do, he being of Jersey, and bred at Paris. Sloane, in 1738, and was pulled down in 1740. — Faulkner's History of Chelsea. 1 One of the most eminent, of the merchants of London at this period. Two of James Houblon's sons obtained the honour of knight- hood. Sir James became one of the members for the city, in 1648; Sir John was Lord Mayor, one of the Commissioners of the Admir- alty, and Governor of the Bank of England. From the former descend the Houblons of Hallingbury-place, Essex, and of Culver- thorpe, Lincoln. Pepys mentions " five brothers Houblon," and he adds, " mighty fine gentlemen they are all, and used me mighty respectfully." i679] John Evelyn 133 $th. Dr. Pierce, Dean of Salisbury, preached on i John iv. 1, " Try the Spirits, there being so many delusory ones gone forth of late into the world;" he inveighed against the pernicious doctrines of Mr. Hobbes. My Brother, Evelyn, was now chosen Knight for the County of Surrey, carrying it against my Lord Longford and Sir Adam Brown, of Bechworth Castle. The country coming in to give him their suffrages were so many, that I believe they eat and drank him out near ^2000, by a most abominable custom. 1st April. My friend, Mr. Godolphin, was now made one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, and of the Privy Council. 4th. The Bishop of Gloucester preached in a manner very like Bishop Andrews, full of divisions, and scholas- tical, and that with much quickness. The holy Com- munion followed. 20th. Easter-day. Our vicar preached exceeding well on 1 Cor. v. 7. The holy Communion followed, at which f and my daughter, Mary (now about fourteen years old), received for the first time. The Lord Jesus continue his grace unto her, and improve this blessed beginning ! 24th. The Duke of York, voted against by the Commons for his recusancy, went over to Flanders ; which made much discourse. qth June. I dined with Mr. Pepys in the Tower, he having been committed by the House of Commons for mis- demeanors in the Admiralty when he was Secretary ; I believe he was unjustly charged. 1 Here I saluted my Lords Stafford and Fetre, who were committed for the Popish plot. 7th. I saw the magnificent cavalcade and entry of the Portugal ambassador. 17*71. I was godfather to a son of Sir Christopher Wren, surveyor of his Majesty's buildings, that most excellent and learned person, with Sir William Fermor, 1 Pepys was concerned in a contested election in 1684, and his oppo- nent having accused him of being a Papist, the House of Commons proceeded to make inquiry into the charge, but failed in the proof. By Grey's Debates (vol. vii. 303-15), it would seem that another accusation brought against Pepys was the having sent information to the French court of the state of the English Navy — a charge which has been properly scouted as incredible. See Lord Braybrooke's last edition of Pepys's Diary, published by Mr. Bohn, vol. i. pp. xxii-xxvi. 134 Diary Of [London and my Lady Viscountess Newport, wife of the Treasurer of the Household. Thence to Chelsea, to Sir Stephen Fox, and my lady, in order to the purchase of the Countess of Bristol's house there, which she desired me to procure a chapman for. 19th. I dined at Sir Robert Clayton's with Sir Robert Viner, 1 the great banker. 22nd. There were now divers Jesuits executed about the plot, and a rebellion in Scotland of the fanatics, so that there was a sad prospect of public affairs. 25^/1. The new Commissioners of the Admiralty came to visit me, viz., Sir Henry Capell, brother to the Earl of Essex, Mr. Finch, eldest son to the Lord Chancellor, Sir Humphry Winch, Sir Thomas Meeres, Mr. Hales, with some of the Commissioners of the Navy. I went with them to London. 1st July. I dined at Sir William Godolphin's, and with that learned gentleman went to take the air in Hyde-Park, where was a glorious cortege. 2>rd. Sending a piece of venison to Mr. Pepys, still a prisoner, I went and dined with him. 6th. Now were there papers, speeches, and libels, publicly cried in the streets against the Dukes of York and Lauderdale, &c, obnoxious to the Parliament, with too much and indeed too shameful a liberty ; but the people and Parliament had gotten head by reason of the vices of the great ones. There was now brought up to London a child, son of one Mr. Wotton, 2 formerly amanuensis to Dr. Andrews, 1 A very wealthy banker, whom Pepys describes as living in great state at Swakely House, Ickenham, Middlesex. When Lord Mayor, he entertained Charles II. at Guildhall ; and on his Majesty retiring, urged him to " return and take t'other bottle." He was created a Baronet. The Crown was indebted to Sir Robert Viner, at the shut- ting of the Exchequer, nearly half a million of money, for which he was awarded 25,0002. as. ^d. per annum, out of the excise. ' The Rev. Henry Wotton, minister of Wrentham, in Suffolk. This son was afterwards the celebrated William Wotton, the friend and defender of Dr. Bentley, and the antagonist of Sir William Temple, in the great Controversy about Ancient and Modern Learning. His early and extraordinary proficiency in letters, and general know- ledge of every kind, was commemorated by his father in a pamphlet " On the Education of Children," addressed to King Charles II., and reprinted in 1753, with the attestations of several learned men who had examined him, to the truth of his uncommon abilities and wonderful acquisitions in the different languages, both ancient and i<579] John Evelyn 135 Bishop of Winton, who both read and perfectly understood Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Arabic, Syriac, and most of the modern languages ; disputed in divinity, law, and all the sciences; was skilful in history, both ecclesiastical and profane; in politics; in a word, so universally and solidly learned at eleven years of age, that he was looked on as a miracle. Dr. Lloyd, one of the most deep learned divines of this nation in all sorts of literature, with Dr. Burnet, who had severely examined him, came away astonished, and they told me they did not believe there had the like appeared in the world. He had only been instructed by his father, who being himself a learned person, confessed that his son knew all that he himself knew. But, what was more admirable than his vast memory, was his judg- ment and invention, he being tried with divers hard ques- tions, which required maturity of thought and experience. modern. Nevertheless these eminent qualifications did not advance him in the line of his profession beyond a Fellowship at Cambridge, and the country parsonage of Milton, in Buckinghamshire, which was given him by the Earl of Nottingham, to whom he had been chaplain. Sir Philip Skippon, who lived at Wrentham, in Suffolk, in a letter to Mr. John Ray, Sept. 18, 1671, writes : " I shall somewhat surprise you with what I have seen in a little boy, William Wotton, five years old last month, son of Mr. Wotton, minister of this parish, who hath instructed his child within the last three quarters of a year in the read- ing the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages, which he can read almost as well as English, and that tongue he could read at four years and three months old, as well as most lads of twice his age." Sir Philip left also a draft of a longer letter to Mr. Ray, in which he adds, " He is not yet able to parse any language, but what he per- forms in turning the three learned tongues into English is done by strength of memory, so that he is ready to mistake when some words of different signification have near the same sound. His father hath taught him by no rules, but only uses his memory in remembering words." — He was admitted of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, April, 1676, some months before he was ten years old. He took the degree of B.A. when only twelve years and five months old. Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Sarum, recommended him to Dr. Lloyd, Bishop of St. Asaph, who took him as an assistant in making a catalogue of his books, and carried him to St. Asaph, and gave him the sinecure of Llandrillo, in Denbighshire. Swift laughed at him, but this he drew upon himself by having attacked the author of the Tale of a Tub. He published, as is well known, an answer to that great satire. He also compiled Memoirs of the Cathedral Churches of St. David and St. Asaph, which Browne Willis published. When very young, he remembered almost the whole of any discourse he had heard, and on a certain occasion he repeated to Bishop Lloyd one of his own sermons. He died in 1726, aged 61, and was buried at Buxted, in Sussex. I36 Diary Of [London He was also dexterous in chronology, antiquities, mathe- matics. In sum, an intellectus universalis, beyond all that we read of Picus Mirandula, and other precocious wits, and yet withal a very humble child. 14th July. I went to see how things stood at Parson's Green, my Lady Viscountess Mordaunt (now sick in Paris, whither she went for health) having made me a trustee for her children, an office I could not refuse to this most excellent, pious, and virtuous lady, my long acquaintance. 15th. I dined with Mr. Sidney Godolphin, now one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. 18th. I went early to the Old Bailey Sessions-house, to the famous trial of Sir George Wakeman, one of the Queen's physicians, and three Benedictine monks; 1 the first (whom I was well acquainted with, and take to be a worthy gentleman abhorring such a fact) for intending to poison the King ; the others as accomplices to carry on the plot, to subvert the government, and introduce Popery. The Bench was crowded with the Judges, Lord Mayor, Justices, and innumerable spectators. The chief accusers, Dr. Oates (as he called himself), and one Bedlow, a man of inferior note. Their testimonies were not so pregnant, and I fear much of it from hearsay, but swearing positively to some particulars, which drew suspicion upon their truth ; nor did circumstances so agree, as to give either the Bench, or Jury, so entire satisfaction as was expected. After, therefore, a long and tedious trial of nine hours, the Jury brought them in not guilty, to the extraordinary triumph of the Papists, and without sufficient disadvantage and reflections on witnesses, especially Oates and Bedlow. This was a happy day for the Lords in the Tower, who expecting their trial, had this gone against the prisoners at the bar, would all have been in the utmost hazard. For my part, I look on Oates as a vain, insolent man, puffed up with the favour of the Commons for having discovered something really true, more especially as detecting the dangerous intrigue of Coleman, proved out of his own letters, and of a general design which the Jesuited party of the Papists ever had and still have, to ruin the Church of England ; but that he was trusted with those great secrets he pretended, or had any solid ground for what he 1 William Marshal, William Rumley, and James Corker. — See Stat Trials, fol. vol. ii. p. 918. i679) John Evelyn 137 ! accused divers noblemen of, I have many reasons to induce my contrary belief. That among- so many commis- sions as he affirmed to have delivered to them from P. Oliva x and the Pope, — he who made no scruple of opening all other papers, letters, and secrets, should not only not open any of those pretended commissions, but not so much as take any copy or witness of any one of them, is almost miraculous. But £he Commons (some leading persons I mean of them) had so exalted him, that they took all he said for Gospel, and without more ado ruined all whom he named to be conspirators ; nor did he spare whoever came in his way. But indeed the murder of Sir Edmundbury Godfrey, suspected to have been compassed by the Jesuits' party for his intimacy with Coleman (a busy person whom I also knew), and the fear they had that he was able to have discovered things to their prejudice, did so exasperate not only the Commons but all the nation, that much of these sharpnesses against the more honest Roman Catholics who lived peaceably, is to be imputed to that horrid fact. The sessions ended, I dined or rather supped (so late it was) with the Judges 2 in the large room annexed to the place, and so returned home. Though it was not my custom or delight to be often present at any capital trials, we having them commonly so exactly published by those who take them in short-hand, yet I was inclined to be at this signal one, that by the ocular view of the carriages and other circumstances of the managers and parties con- cerned, I might inform myself, and regulate my opinion of a cause that had so alarmed the whole nation. 22nd July. Dined at Clapham, at Sir D. Gauden's; went thence with him to Windsor, to assist him in a busi- ness with his Majesty. I lay that night at Eton College, the Provost's lodgings (Dr. Craddock), where I was cour- teously entertained. 23rd. To Court : after dinner, I visited that excellent painter, Verrio, whose works in fresco in the King's palace, at Windsor, will celebrate his name as long as those walls last. He showed us his pretty garden, 1 Padre Oliva, General of the Order of Jesuits. s The Judges were, Lord Chief Justice North, Mr. Justice Atkins, Mr. Justice Windham, Mr. Justice Pemberton, and Mr. Justice Dolben. 138 Diary of tcufden choice flowers, and curiosities, he himself being a skilful gardener. I went to Clifden, that stupendous natural rock, wood, and prospect, of the Duke of Buckingham's, 1 and build- ings of extraordinary expense. The grots in the chalky rocks are pretty : it is a romantic object, and the place altogether answers the most poetical description that can be made of solitude, precipice, prospect, or whatever can contribute to a thing so very like their imaginations. The stand, somewhat like Frascati as to its front, and on the platform is a circular view to the utmost verge of the horizon, which, with the serpenting of the Thames, is admirable. The staircase is for its materials singular; the cloisters, descents, gardens, and avenue through the wood, august and stately; but the land all about wretchedly barren, and producing nothing but fern. Indeed, as I told his Majesty that evening (asking me how I liked Clifden) without flattery, that it did not please me so well as Windsor for the prospect and park, which is without com- pare; there being but one only opening, and that narrow, which led one to any variety, whereas that of Windsor is everywhere great and unconfined. Returning, I called at my cousin Evelyn's, who has a very pretty seat in the forest, two miles by hither Clifden, on a flat, with gardens exquisitely kept, though large, and the house a staunch good old building, and what was singular, some of the rooms floored dove-tail-wise without a nail, exactly close. One of the closets is pargetted with plain deal, set in diamond, exceeding staunch and pretty. yth August. Dined at the Sheriffs, when, the Company of Drapers and their wives being invited, there was a sumptuous entertainment, according to the forms of the city, with music, &c. , comparable to any Prince's service in Europe.' 8th. I went this morning to show my Lord Chamber- lain, his Lady, and the Duchess of Grafton, the incompar- able work of Mr. Gibbon, the carver, whom I first recommended to his Majesty, his house being furnished like Cliefden's proud alcove, The bower of wanton Shrewsbury and Love. — Pope. — The same Countess of Shrewsbury, who, when her husband chal- lenged the Duke, her paramour, is said to have held the horse of the latter, in the habit of a page, while they fought. 1679] John Evelyn 139 a cabinet, not only with his own work, but divers excel- lent paintings of the best hands. Thence, to Sir Stephen Fox's, where we spent the day. 3isf. After evening service, to see a neighbour, one Mr. Bohun, related to my son's late tutor of that name, a rich Spanish merchant, living in a neat place, which he has adorned with many curiosities, especially several carvings of Mr. Gibbon, and some pictures by Streeter. 13th September. To Windsor, to congratulate his Majesty on his recovery; I kissed the Duke's hand, now lately returned from Flanders * to visit his brother the King, on which there were various bold and foolish dis- courses, the Duke of Monmouth being sent away. igth. My Lord Sunderland, one of the principal Secre- taries of State, invited me to dinner, where was the King's natural son, the Earl of Plymouth, the Earl of Shrewsbury, Earl of Essex, Earl of Mulgrave, Mr. Hyde, and Mr. Godolphin. After dinner, I went to prayers at Eton, and visited Mr. Henry Godolphin, fellow there, and Dr. Craddock. 25th. Mr. Slingsby and Signor Verrio came to dine with me, to whom I gave China oranges off my own trees, as good, I think, as were ever eaten. 6th October. A very wet and sickly season. 23rd. Dined at my Lord Chamberlain's, the King being now newly returned from his Newmarket recreations. \th November. Dined at the Lord Mayor's ; and, in the evening, went to the funeral of my pious, dear, and ancient learned friend, Dr. Jasper Needham, who was buried at St. Bride's church. He was a true and holy Christian, and one who loved me with great affection. Dr. Dove preached with an eulogy due to his memory. I lost in this person one of my dearest remaining sincere friends. $th. I was invited to dine at my Lord Teviotdale's, a Scotch Earl, a learned and knowing nobleman. We after- wards went to see Mr. Montague's new palace near Bloomsbury, built by our curator, Mr. Hooke, somewhat after the French ; it was most nobly furnished, and a fine, but too much exposed garden. 2 1 He returned the day before, the 12th of September. This is another of the indications that the entries of this Diary were not always made on the precise days they refer to. - Now the British Museum. See ante, p. 110, and post, pp. 19a and 351. 140 Diary Of [Londoa) 6th. Dined at the Countess of Sunderland's, and was! this evening at the re-marriage of the Duchess of Grafton to the Duke (his Majesty's natural son), she being now twelve years old. The ceremony was performed in my Lord Chamberlain's (her father's) lodgings at Whitehall by the Bishop of Rochester, his Majesty being present. A sudden and unexpected thing, when everybody believed the first marriage would have come to nothing ; but, the measure being determined, I was privately invited by my Lady, her mother, to be present. I confess I could give her little joy, and so I plainly told her, but she said the King would have it so, and there was no going back. This sweetest, hopefullest, most beautiful child, and most virtu- ous too, was sacrificed to a boy that had been rudely bred, without anything to encourage them but his Majesty's pleasure. I pray God the sweet child find it to her advan- tage, who, if my augury deceive me not, will in few years be such a paragon as were fit to make the wife of the greatest Prince in Europe ! I staid supper, where his Majesty sat between the Duchess of Cleveland (the mother of the Duke of Grafton) and the sweet Duchess the bride ; there were several great persons and ladies, without pomp. My love to my Lord Arlington's family and the sweet child made me behold all this with regret, though as the Duke of Grafton affects the sea, to which I find his father intends to use him, he may emerge a plain, useful and robust officer; and, were he polished, a tolerable person; for he is exceeding handsome, by far surpassing any of the King's other natural issue. 8th. At Sir Stephen Fox's, and was agreeing for the Countess of Bristol's house at Chelsea, within 500L iSth. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, being desired by the Countess of Sunderland to carry her thither on a solemn day, that she might see the pomp and ceremony of this Prince of Citizens, there never having been any, who for the stateliness of his palace, prodigious feasting, and mag- nificence, exceeded him. This Lord Mayor's acquaintance had been from the time of his being apprentice to one Mr. Abbot, his uncle, 1 who being a scrivener, and an honest worthy man, one who was condemned to die at the begin- ning of the troubles forty years past, as concerned in the 1 The Lord Mayor was now Sir Robert Clayton. See ante, pp. 114, 119, no, and note 1679] John Evelyn 141 commission of array for King Charles I. had escaped with his life ; I often used his assistance in money-matters. Robert Clayton, then a boy, his nephew, became, after his uncle Abbot's death, so prodigiously rich and opulent, that he was reckoned one of the wealthiest citizens. He married a free-hearted woman, who became his hospitable disposi- tion ; and, having no children, with the accession of his partner and fellow apprentice, 1 who also left him his estate, he grew excessively rich. He was a discreet magis- trate, and though envied, I think without much cause. Some believed him guilty of hard dealing, especially with the Duke of Buckingham, much of whose estate he had swallowed, but I never saw any ill by him, considering the trade he was of. The reputation and known integrity of his uncle, Abbot, brought all the royal party to him, by which he got not only great credit, but vast wealth, so as he passed this office with infinite magnificence and honour. 20th November. I dined with Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint, with my wife, invited to hear music, which was exquisitely performed by four of the most renowned masters : Du Prue, a Frenchman, on the lute ; Signor Bartholomeo, an Italian, on the harpsichord; Nicholao on the violin ; but, above all, for its sweetness and novelty, the viol d'amore of five wire strings played on with a bow, being but an ordinary violin, played on lyre-way, by a German. There was also a flute douce, now in much request for accompanying the voice. Mr. Slingsby, whose son and daughter played skilfully, had these meetings frequently in his house. 21st. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, to accompany my worthiest and generous friend, the Earl of Ossorv ; it was on a Friday, a private day, but the feast and entertain- ment might have become a King. Such an hospitable costume and splendid magistrature does no city in the world show, as I believe. 23rd. Dr. Allestree preached before the household on St. Luke xi. 2 ; Dr. Lloyd on Matt, xxiii. 20, before the King, showing with how little reason the Papists applied those words of our Blessed Saviour to maintain the pre- tended infallibility they boast of. I never heard a more Christian and excellent discourse; yet were some offended 1 Mr. Morri». 142 Diary Of [London that he seemed to say the Church of Rome was a true church ; but it was a captious mistake ; for he never affirmed anything that could be more to their reproach, and that such was the present Church of Rome, showing how much it had erred. There was not in this sermon so much as a shadow for censure, no person of all the clergy having testified greater zeal against the errors of the Papists than this pious and most learned person. I dined at the Bishop of Rochester's, and then went to St. Paul's, to hear that great wit, Dr. Sprat, now newly succeeding Dr. Outram, in' the cure of St. Margaret's. His talent was, a great memory, never making use of notes, a readiness of expres- sion in a most pure and plain style of words, full of matter, easily delivered. 26th. I met the Earl of Clarendon with the rest of my fellow executors of the will of my late Lady Viscountess Mordaunt, namely, Mr. Laurence Hyde, one of the Com- missioners of the Treasury, and lately Plenipotentiary- Ambassador at Nimeguen ; Andrew Newport ; and Sir Charles Wheeler; to examine and audit and dispose of this year's account of the estate of this excellent Lady, accord- ing to the direction of her Will. 27th. I went to see Sir John Stonehouse, with whom I was treating a marriage between my son and his daughter-in-law. 281/1. Came over the Duke of Monmouth from Holland unexpectedly to his Majesty ; whilst the Duke of York was on his journey to Scotland, whither the King sent him to reside and govern. The bells and bonfires of the City at this arrival of the Duke of Monmouth publishing their joy, to the no small regret of some at Court. This Duke, whom for distinction they called the Protestant Duke (though the son of an abandoned woman), the people made their idol. <\th December. I dined, together with Lord Ossory and the Earl of Chesterfield, at the Portugal Ambassador's, now newly come, at Cleveland House, a noble palace, too good for that infamous The staircase is sumptuous, and the gallery and garden ; but, above all, the costly furniture belonging to the Ambassador, especially the rich Japan cabinets, of which I think there were a dozen. There was a billiard-table, with as many more hazards as ours commonly have ; the game being only to prosecute the ball till hazarded, without passing the port, or touching the i68oi John Evelyn 143 pin ; if one miss hitting the ball every time, the game is lost, or if hazarded. It is more difficult to hazard a ball, though so many, than in our table, by reason the bound is made so exactly even, and the edges not stuffed ; the balls are also bigger, and they for the most part use the sharp and small end of the billiard-stick, which is shod with brass, or silver. The entertainment was exceeding civil ; but, besides a good olio, the dishes were trifling, hashed and condited after their way, not at all fit for an English stomach, which is for solid meat. There was yet good fowls, but roasted to coal, nor were the sweetmeats good. ■7,0th. I went to meet Sir John Stonehouse, and give him a particular of the settlement on my son, who now made his addresses to the young lady his daughter-in-law, daughter of Lady Stonehouse. 1679-80. 2^th January. Dr. Cave, author of Primitive Christianity, &c. , a pious and learned man, 1 preached at Whitehall to the household, on James iii. 17, concerning the duty of grace and charity. ■^oth. I supped with Sir Stephen Fox, now made one of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury. igfh February. The writings for the settling jointure and other contracts of marriage of my son were finished and sealed. The lady was to bring ^5000, in considera- tion of a settlement of ^500 a-year present maintenance, which was likewise to be her jointure, and ^500 a-year after mine and my wife's decease. But, with God's bless- ing, it will be at the least ^"iooo a-year more in a few years. I pray God make him worthy of it, and a comfort to his excellent mother, who deserves much from him ! 21st. Shrove-Tuesday. My son was married to Mrs. Martha Spencer, daughter to my Lady Stonehouse by a former gentleman, at St. Andrew's, Holborn, by our Vicar, borrowing the church of Dr. Stillingfleet, Dean of St. Paul's, the present incumbent. We afterwards dined at a house in Holborn ; and, after the solemnity and danc- ing was done, they were bedded at Sir John Stonehouse's lodgings in Bow Street, Covent Garden. 26th. To the Royal Society, where I met an Irish Bishop with his Lady, who was daughter to my worthy and pious friend, Dr. Jeremy Taylor, late Bishop of Down and 1 Mr. William Cave ; author also of " Lives of the Apostles and Martyrs," and " Historia Literaria." Born 1637, died 1713. 144 Diary of [Cashiotmy Connor; they came to see the Repository. She seemed to] be a knowing woman, beyond the ordinary talent of heri sex. 3rd March. I dined at my Lord Mayor's, in order to the meeting of my Lady Beckford, whose daughter (a rich heiress) I had recommended to my brother of VVotton for his only son, she being the daughter of the lady by Mr. Eversfield, a Sussex gentleman. 1 6th. To London, to receive ^3000 of my daughter-in- law's portion, which was paid in gold. 26th. The Dean of Sarum preached on Jerem. xlv. 5, an hour and a half from his common-place book, of kings and great men retiring to private situations. Scarce any thing of Scripture in it. 18th April. On the earnest invitation of the Earl of Essex, I went with him to his house at Cashiobury, in Hertfordshire. It was on Sunday, but going early from his house in the square of St. James, we arrived by ten o'clock; this he thought too late to go to church, and we had prayers in his chapel. The house is new, a plain fabric, built by my friend, Mr. Hugh May. There are divers fair and good rooms, and excellent carving by Gibbon, especially the chimney-piece of the library. There is in the porch, or entrance, a painting by Verrio, of Apollo and the Liberal Arts. One room pargetted with yew, which I liked well. Some of the chimney mantels are of Irish marble, brought by my Lord from Ireland, when he was Lord Lieutenant, and not much inferior to Italian. The tympanum, or gable, at the front is a bass-relievo of Diana hunting, cut in Portland stone, handsomely enough. I do not approve of the middle doors being round : but,] when the hall is finished as designed, it being an oval with a cupola, together with the other wing, it will be a very noble palace. The library is large, and very nobly fur- nished, and all the books are richly bound and gilded ; but] there are no MSS. , except the Parliament Rolls and Journals, the transcribing and binding of which cost hirn, as he assured me, ^500. No man has been more industrious than this noble Lord In planting about his seat, adorned with walks, ponds, and! other rural elegancies ; but the soil is stony, churlish, and' uneven, nor is the water near enough to the house, though a very swift and clear stream run within a flight-shot from i68o] John Evelyn 145 it in the valley, which may fitly be called Coldbrook, it 'being indeed excessive cold, yet producing fair trouts. It is pity the house was not situated to more advantage : but it seems it was built just where the old one was, which I believe he only meant to repair ; this leads men into irre- mediable errors, and saves but a little. The land about is exceedingly addicted to wood, but the coldness of the place hinders the growth. Black cherry- trees prosper even to considerable timber, some being eighty feet long ; they make also very handsome avenues. There is a pretty oval at the end of a fair walk, set about with treble rows of Spanish chesnut-trees. The gardens are very rare, and cannot be otherwise, having so skilful an artist to govern them as Mr. Cooke, who is, as to the mechanic part, not ignorant in mathe- matics, and pretends to astrology. There is an excellent collection of the choicest fruit. As for my Lord, he is a sober, wise, judicious, and pondering person, not illiterate beyond the rate of most noblemen in this age, very well versed in English History and affairs, industrious, frugal, methodical, and every way accomplished. His Lady (being sister of the late Earl of Northumberland) is a wise, yet somewhat melancholy woman, setting her heart too much on the little lady, her daughter, of whom she is over fond. They have a hopeful son at the Academy. My Lord was not long since come from his Lord- Lieutenancy of Ireland, where he showed his abilities in administration and government, as well as prudence in considerably augmenting his estate without reproach. He had been Ambassador Extraordinary in Denmark, and, in a word, such a person as became the son of that worthy hero his father to be, the late Lord Capel, who lost his life for King Charles I. We spent our time in the mornings in walking, or riding, and contriving [alterations], and the afternoons in the library, so as I passed my time for three or four days with much satisfaction. He was pleased in conversation to impart to me divers particulars of state, relating to the present times. He being no great friend to the D was now laid aside, his integrity and abilities being not so suit- able in this conjuncture. — 21st. I returned to London. T,oth April. To a meeting of the executors of late Vis- I46 Diary Of [Windsor countess Mordaunt's estate, to consider of the sale of Parson's Green, being in treaty with Mr. Loftus, and to settle the half year's account. 1st May. Was a meeting of the feoffees of the poor of our parish. This year I would stand one of the collectors of their rents, to give example to others. My son was added to the feoffees. This afternoon came to visit me Sir Edward Deering, of Surrendon, in Kent, one of the Lords of the Treasury, with his daughter, married to my worthy friend, Sir Robert Southwell, Clerk of the Council, now Extraordinary-Envoy to the Duke of Brandenburgh, and other Princes in Germany, as before he had been in Portugal, being a sober, wise, and virtuous gentleman. i2th. I was at the funeral of old Mr. Shish, master- shipwright of his Majesty's Yard here, an honest and remarkable man, and his death a public loss, for his excellent success in building ships (though altogether illiterate), and for breeding up so many of his children to be able artists. I held up the pall with three knights, who did him that honour, and he was worthy of it. It was the custom of this good man to rise in the night, and to pray, kneeling in his own coffin, which he had lying by him for many years. He was born that famous year, the Gun- powder-plot, 1605. 14th June. Came to dine with us the Countess of Claren- don, Dr. Lloyd, Dean of Bangor (since Bishop of St. Asaph), Dr. Burnet, author of the History of the Reforma- tion, and my old friend, Mr. Henshaw. After dinner, we , all went to see the Observatory, and Mr. Flamsted, who showed us divers rare instruments, especially the great quadrant. 24th July. Went with my wife and daughter to Windsor, to see that stately court, now near finished. There was erected in the court the King on horseback, lately cast in copper, and set on a rich pedestal of white marble, the work of Mr. Gibbon, at the expense of Toby Rustate, a page 1 of the back stairs, who by his wonderful frugality had arrived to a great estate in money, and did many works of charity, as well as this of gratitude to his master, which l Mr. Tobias Rustate. He was a great benefactor to Jesus College, Cambridge ; in particular by an endowment of scholarships there for the benefit of young students, orphan sons of Clergymen. 1680] John Evelyn 147 cost him ;£iooo. He is very simple, ignorant, but honest and loyal creature. We all dined at the Countess of Sunderland's, afterwards to see Signor Verrio's garden, thence to Eton College, to salute the Provost, and heard a Latin speech of one of the Alumni (it being at the election) and were invited to supper; but took our leave, and got to London that night in good time. 26th. My most noble and illustrious friend, the Earl of Ossory, espying me this morning after sermon in the privy gallery, calling to me, told me he was now going his journey (meaning to Tangier, whither he was designed Governor, and General of the forces, to regain the losses we had lately sustained from the Moors, when Inchiquin was Governor). I asked if he would not call at my house (as he always did whenever he went out of England on any exploit). He said he must embark at Portsmouth, " where- fore let you and I dine together to-day ; I am quite alone, and have something to impart to you ; I am not well, shall be private, and desire your company." Being retired to his lodgings, and set down on a couch, he sent to his secretary for the copy of a letter which he had written to Lord Sunderland (Secretary of State), wish- ing me to read it ; it was to take notice how ill he resented it, that he should tell the King before Lord Ossory's face, that Tangier was not to be kept, but would certainly be lost, and yet added that it was fit Lord Ossory should be sent, that they might give some account of it to the world, meaning (as supposed) the next Parliament, when all such miscarriages would probably be examined ; this Lord Ossory took very ill of Lord Sunderland, and not kindly of the King, who resolving to send him with an incompetent force, seemed, as his Lordship took it, to be willing to cast him away, not only on a hazardous adventure, but in most men's opinion, an impossibility, seeing there was not to be above 300 or 400 horse, and 4000 foot for the garrison and all, both to defend the town, form a camp, repulse the enemy, and fortify what ground they should get in. This touched my Lord deeply, that he should be so little con- sidered as to put him on a business in which he should probably not only lose his reputation, but be charged with all the miscarriage and ill success ; whereas, at first they promised 6000 foot and 600 horse effective. 148 Diary of [Deptfod My Lord, being an exceedingly brave and valiant personj and who had so approved himself in divers signal battles] both at sea and land ; so beloved and so esteemed by tha people, as one they depended on, upon all occasions worthw of such a captain; — he looked on this as too great an indifference in his Majesty, after all his services, and thd merits of his father, the Duke of Ormond, and a design of some who envied his virtue. It certainly took so deep root in his mind, that he who was the most void of fear in the world (and assured me he would go to Tangier with ten men if his Majesty commanded him) could not bear up against this unkindness. Having disburdened himself of this to me after dinner, he went with his Majesty to the Sheriffs at a great supper in Fishmongers' Hall; but, find- ing himself ill, took his leave immediately of his Majesty, and came back to his lodging. Not resting well this night, he was persuaded to remove to Arlington House, for better accommodation. His disorder turned to a malignant fever, which increasing, after all that six of the most able physicians could do, he became delirious, with intervals of sense, during which Dr. Lloyd (after Bishop of St. Asaph) administered the Holy Sacrament, of which I also partici- pated. He died the Friday following, the 30th July, to the universal grief of all that knew or heard of his great worth, nor had any a greater loss than myself. Oft would he say I was the oldest acquaintance he had in England (when his father was in Ireland), it being now of about thirty years, contracted abroad, when he rode in the Academy in i'aris, and when we were seldom asunder. His Majesty never lost a worthier subject, nor father a better or more dutiful son; a loving, generous, good- natured, and perfectly obliging friend ; one who had done innumerable kindnesses to several before they knew it ; nor! did he ever advance any that were not worthy ; no one more brave, more modest ; none more humble, sober, and every way virtuous. Unhappy England in this illustrious person's loss ! Universal was the mourning for him, and* the eulogies on him ; I staid night and day by his bedside to his last gasp, to close his dear eyes ! O sad father, mother, wife, and children! What shall I add? He deserved all that a sincere friend, a brave soldier, a virtu- ous courtier, a loyal subject, an honest man, a bountiful master, and good Christian, could deserve of his prince k68oi John Evelyn 149 nd country. One thing more let me note, that he often xpressed to me the abhorrence he had of that base and nworthy action which he was put upon, of engaging the Smyrna fleet in time of peace, in which though he behaved himself like a great captain, yet he told me it was the only blot in his life, and troubled him exceedingly. Though he was commanded, and never examined further when he was o, yet he always spake of it with regret and detestation. The Countess was at the seat of her daughter, the Countess of Derby, about 200 miles off. 30th August. I went to visit a French gentleman, one Monsieur Chardin, 1 who having been thrice in the East Indies, Persia, and other remote countries, came hither in our return-ships from those parts, and it being reported that he was a very curious and knowing man, I was desired by the Royal Society to salute him in their name, and to invite him to honour them with his company. Sir Joseph Hoskins and Sir Christopher Wren accompanied me. We found him at his lodgings in his Eastern habit, a very handsome person, extremely affable, a modest, well-bred man, not inclined to talk wonders. He spake Latin, and understood Greek, Arabic, and Persian, from eleven years' travels in those parts, whither he went in search of jewels, and was become very rich. He seemed about 36 years of age. After the usual civilities, we asked some account of the extraordinary things he must have seen in travelling over land to those places where few, if any, northern Europeans, used to go, as the Black and Caspian Sea, Mingrelia, Bagdat, Nineveh, Persepolis, &c. He told us that the things most worthy of our sight would be, the draughts he had caused to be made of some noble ruins, &c. ; for that, besides his own little talent that way, he had carried two good painters with him, to draw landscapes, measure and design the remains of the palace which Alex- ander burnt in his frolic at Persepolis, with divers temples, columns, relievos, and statues, yet extant, which he affirmed to be sculpture far exceeding anything he had observed either at Rome, in Greece, or in any other part of the world where magnificence was in estimation. He said 1 Better known as Sir John Chardin, he having, though a French- man, been knighted by Charles II. He was an enterprising traveller in the East, and his accounts of India and Persia were thought pecu liarly interesting. He died in 1713. 150 Diary Of [London there was an inscription in letters not intelligible, though entire. He was sorry he could not gratify the curiosity of the Society at present, his things not being yet out of the ship ; but would wait on them with them on his return from Paris, whither he was going the next day, but with inten- tion to return suddenly, and stay longer here, the persecu- tion in France not suffering Protestants, and he was one, to be quiet. He told us that Nineveh was a vast city, now all buried in her ruins, the inhabitants building on the subterranean vaults, which were, as appeared, the first stories of the old city j 1 that there were frequently found huge vases of fine earth, columns, and other antiquities; that the straw which the Egyptians required of the Israelites, was not to burn, or cover the rows of bricks as we use, but being chopped small to mingle with the clay, which being dried in the sun (for they bake not in the furnaces) would else cleave asunder; that in Persia are yet a race of Ignicolae, who worship the sun and the fire as Gods ; that the women of Georgia and Mingrelia were universally, and without any compare, the most beautiful creatures for shape, features, and figure, in the world, and therefore the Grand Seignor and Bashaws had had from thence most of their wives and concubines ; that there had within these hundred years been Amazons amongst them, that is to say, a sort or race of valiant women, given to war; that Persia was extremely fertile ; he spoke also of Japan and China, and of the many great errors of our late geographers, as we suggested matter for discourse. We then took our leaves, failing of seeing his papers ; but it was told us by others that indeed he durst not open, or show them, till he had first showed them to the French King ; but of this he himself said nothing. 2nd September. I had an opportunity, his Majesty being still at Windsor, of seeing his private library at Whitehall, at my full ease. I went with expectation of finding some curiosities, but, though there were about 1000 volumes, there were few of importance which I had not perused j before. They consisted chiefly of such books as had from | time to time been dedicated, or presented to him; a few histories, some Travels and French books, abundance of maps and sea charts, entertainments and pomps, buildings 1 See ante, p. 93. i68o] John Evelyn 151 ftnd pieces relating to the Navy, some mathematical instru- ments ; but what was most rare, were three or four Romish breviaries, with a great deal of miniature and monkish painting and gilding, one of which is most exqui- sitely done, both as to the figures, grotesques, and compart- ments, to the utmost of that curious art. There is another in which 1 find written by the hand of King Henry VII., his giving it to his dear daughter, Margaret, afterwards Queen of Scots, in which he desires her to pray for his soul, subscribing his name at length. There is also the process of the philosophers' great elixir, represented in divers pieces of excellent miniature, but the discourse is in high Dutch, a MS. There is another MS. in quarto, of above 300 years old, in French, being an institution of physic, and in the botanical part the plants are curiously painted in miniature; also a folio MS. of good thickness, being the several exercises, as Themes, Orations, Trans- lations, &c. , of King Edward VI., all written and subscribed by his own hand, and with his name very legible, and divers of the Greek interleaved and cor- rected after the manner of schoolboys' exercises, and that exceedingly well and proper; with some epistles to his preceptor, which show that young Prince to have been extraordinarily advanced in learning, and as Cardan, who had been in England affirmed, stupendously knowing for his age. There is likewise his Journal 1 no less testifying his early ripeness and care about the affairs of state. There are besides many pompous volumes, some em- bossed with gold, and intaglios on agates, medals, &c. I spent three or four entire days, locked up, and alone, among these books and curiosities. In the rest of the private lodgings contiguous to this, are divers of the best pictures of the great masters, Raphael, Titian, &c. , and, in my esteem, above all, the Noli me tangete of our Blessed Saviour to Mary Magdalen after his Resurrection, of Hans Holbein ; than which I never saw so much reverence and kind of heavenly astonishment expressed in a picture. 2 l Several extracts from this journal are made by Burnet in his History of the Reformation. ' Now, with other nictmes mentioned in the course of this Diary, in the calle.ry at Hampton Court. 152 Diary of [Londoti There are also divers curious clocks, watches, and pen! dules of exquisite work, and other curiosities. An ancienj woman who made these lodgings clean, and had all th« keys, let me in at pleasure for a small reward, by means of a friend. 6th September. I dined with Sir Stephen Fox, now on»<■ custom wii. i68o] John Evelyn 155 father to the present Duke of Norfolk, whom I so well knew, and from which excellent person I received so many favours. It was likewise his birthday. The trial was in Westminster-Hall, before the King, Lords, and Commons ; just in the same manner as, forty years past, the great and wise Earl of Strafford (there being but one letter differing their names) received his trial for pretended ill government in Ireland, in the very same place, this Lord Stafford's father being then High-Steward. The place of sitting was now exalted some considerable height from the paved floor of the Hall, with a stage of boards. The throne, woolpacks for the Judges, long forms for the Peers, chair for the Lord Steward, exactly ranged, as in the House of Lords. The sides on both hands scaffolded to the very roof for the members of the House of Commons. At the upper end, and on the right side of the King's state, was a box for his Majesty, and on the left others for the great ladies, and over head a gallery for ambassadors and public ministers. At the lower end, or entrance, was a bar, and place for the prisoner, the Lieutenant of the Tower of London, the axe- bearer and guards, my Lord Stafford's two daughters, the Marchioness of Winchester being one; there was likewise a box for my Lord to retire into. At the right hand, in another box, somewhat higher, stood the witnesses ; at the left, the managers, in the name of the Commons of Eng- land, namely Serjeant Maynard (the great lawyer, the same who prosecuted the cause against the Earl of Strafford forty years before, being now near eighty years of age), Sir William Jones, late Attorney-General, Sir Francis Win- nington, a famous pleader, and Mr. Treby, now Recorder of London, 1 not appearing in their gowns as lawyers, but in their cloaks and swords, as representing the Commons of England : to these were joined Mr. Hampden, Dr. Sache- verell, Mr. Poule, Colonel Titus, Sir Thomas Lee, all gentlemen of quality, and noted parliamentary men. The two first days, in which were read the commission and impeachment, were but a tedious entrance into matter of fact, at which I was but little present. But, on Thursday, I was commodiously seated amongst the Commons, when the witnesses were sworn and examined. The principal l Afterwards Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, and knighted. Sir George Treby was also member of Parliament for Plympton, in Devonshire, where he was born. He died in 170a. I56 Diary Of [London j witnesses were Mr. Oates (who called himself Dr.), Mr. Dugdale, and Turberville. Oates swore that he delivered a commission to Viscount Stafford from the Pope, to be Paymaster-General to an army intended to be raised ;-— Dugdale, that being at Lord Aston's, the prisoner dealt with him plainly to murder his Majesty ; and Turberville, that at Paris he also proposed the same to him. 3m December. The depositions of my Lord's witnesses were taken, to invalidate the King's witnesses; they were very slight persons, but, being fifteen or sixteen, they took up all that day, and in truth they rather did my Lord injury than service. <\th. Came other witnesses of the Commons to cor- roborate the King's, some being Peers, some Commons, with others of good quality, who took off ail the former day's objections, and set the King's witnesses recti in Curid. 6th. Sir William Jones summoned up the evidence; to him succeeded all the rest of the managers, and then Mr. Henry Poule made a vehement oration. After this my Lord, as on all occasions, and often during the trial, spoke in his own defence, denying the charge altogether, and that he had never seen Oates, or Turberville, at the time and manner affirmed : in truth, their testimony did little weigh with me ; Dugdale's only seemed to press hardest, to which my Lord spake a great while, but confusedly, without any method. One thing my Lord said as to Oates, which I confess did exceedingly affect me : That a person who during his depositions should so vauntingly brag that though he went over to the Church of Rome, yet he was never a Papist, nor of their religion, all the time that he seemed to apos- tatise from the Protestant, but only as a spy ; though he confessed he took their sacrament, worshipped images, went through all their oaths, and discipline of their prose- lytes, swearing secrecy and to be faithful, but with intent to come over again and betray them ; — that such an hypo- crite, that had so deeply prevaricated as even to turn idolater (for so we of the Church of England termed it), attesting God so solemnly that he was entirely theirs and devoted to their interest, and consequently (as he pretended) trusted ; — I say, that the witness of such a profligate wretch should be admitted against the life of a peer, — this my Lord looked upon as a monstrous thing, and such as must 1680] John Evelyn 157 needs redound to the dishonour of our religion and nation. And verily I am of his Lordship's opinion : such a man's testimony should not be taken against the life of a dog. But the merit of something material which he discovered against Coleman, put him in such esteem with the Parlia- ment, that now, I fancy, he stuck at nothing, and thought everybody was to take what he said for gospel. The con- sideration of this, and some other circumstances, began to stagger me ; particularly how it was possible that one who went among the Papists on such a design, and pre- tended to be intrusted with so many letters and commis- sions from the Pope and the party, nay and delivered them to so many great persons, should not reserve one of them to show, nor so much as one copy of any commission, which he who had such dexterity in opening letters might cer- tainly have done, to the undeniable conviction of those whom he accused ; but, as I said, he gained credit on Cole- man. But, as to others whom he so madly flew upon, I am little inclined to believe his testimony, he being so slight a person, so passionate, ill-bred, and of such im- pudent behaviour ; .nor is it likely that such piercing politicians as the Jesuits should trust him with so high and so dangerous secrets. 7th December. On Tuesday, 1 was again at the trial, when judgment was demanded; and, after my Lord had spoken what he could in denying the fact, the managers answering the objections, the Peers adjourned to their House, and within two hours returned again. There was, in the meantime, this question put to the judges, " whether there being but one witness to any single crime, or act, it could amount to convict a man of treason." They gave an unanimous opinion that in case of treason they all were overt acts, for though no man should be condemned by one witness for any one act, yet for several acts to the same intent, it was valid ; which was my Lord's case. This being past, and the Peers in their seats again, the Lord Chan- cellor Finch (this day the Lord High-Steward) removing to the woolsack next his Majesty's state, after summoning the Lieutenant of the Tower to bring forth his prisoner, and proclamation made for silence, demanded of every peer (who were in all eighty-six) whether William, Lord Vis- count Stafford, were guilty of the treason laid to his charge, or not guilty. I58 Diary Of [London 1 Then the Peer spoken to, standing up, and laying his right hand upon his breast, said Guilty, or Not guilty, upon my honour, and then sat down, the Lord Steward noting their suffrages as they answered upon a paper: when all had done, the number of Not guilty being but 31, the Guilty 55 : and then, after proclamation for silence again, the Lord Steward directing his speech to the prisoner, against whom the axe was turned edgeways and not before, in aggravation of his crime, he being ennobled by the King's father, and since received many favours from his present Majesty : after enlarging on his offence, deplor- ing first his own unhappiness that he who had never con- demned any man before should now be necessitated to begin with him, he then pronounced sentence of death by hanging, drawing, and quartering, according to form, with great solemnity and dreadful gravity; and, after a short pause, told the prisoner that he believed the Lords would intercede for the omission of some circumstances of his sentence, beheading only excepted ; and then breaking his white staff, the Court was dissolved. My Lord Stafford during all this latter part spake but. little, and only gave their Lordships thanks after the sentence was pronounced ; and indeed behaved himself modestly, and as became him. It was observed that all his own relations of his name and family condemned him, except his nephew, the Earl of Arundel, son to the Duke of Norfolk. And it must be acknowledged that the whole trial was carried on with exceeding gravity : so stately and august an appearance I had never seen before ; for, besides the innumerable spec- tators of gentlemen and foreign ministers, who saw and heard all the proceedings, the prisoner had the consciences of all the Commons of England for his accusers, and all the Peers to be his Judges and Jury. He had likewise the assistance of what counsel he would, to direct him in his plea, who stood by him. And yet I can hardly think that a person of his age and experience should engage men whom he never saw before (and one of them that came to visit him as a stranger at Paris) point blank to murder the King : God only who searches hearts, can discover the truth. Lord Stafford was not a man beloved, especially of his own family. 12th December. This evening, looking out of my chamber-window towards the west, I saw a meteor of an i68i] John Evelyn 159 obscure bright colour, very much in shape like the blade of a sword, the rest of the sky very serene and clear. What this may portend, God only knows ; but such another pheno- menon I remember to have seen in 1640, about the trial of the great Earl of Strafford, preceding our bloody Rebellion. I pray God avert his judgments ! We have had of late several comets, which though I believe appear from natural causes, and of themselves operate not, yet I cannot despise them. They may be warnings from God, as they commonly are forerunners of his animadversions. After many days and nights of snow, cloudy and dark weather, the comet was very much wasted. vjth. My daughter-in-law was brought to bed of a son, christened Richard. 22nd. A solemn public Fast that God would prevent all Popish plots, avert his judgments, and give a blessing to the proceedings of parliament now assembled, and which struck at the succession of the Duke of York. 29th. The Viscount Stafford was beheaded on Tower- hill. 1680-1. xoth February. I was at the wedding of my nephew, John Evelyn of Wotton, married by the Bishop of Rochester at Westminster, in Henry VII. 's chapel, to the daughter and heir of Mr. Eversfield, of Sussex, her portion ;£8ooo. The solemnity was kept with a few friends only at Lady Beckford's, the lady's mother. 8th March. Visited and dined at the Earl of Essex's, with whom I spent most of the afternoon alone. Thence to my (yet living) godmother and kinswoman, Mrs. Keightley, sister to Sir Thomas Evelyn, and niece to my father, being now eighty-six years of age, sprightly, and in perfect health, her eyes serving her as well as ever, and of a comely countenance, that one would not suppose her above fifty. 27*71. The Parliament now convened at Oxford. Great expectation of his Royal Highness 's case as to the suc- cession, against which the House was set. An extraordinary sharp cold spring, not yet a leaf on the trees, frost and snow lying : whilst the whole nation was in the greatest ferment. nth April. I took my leave of Dr. Lloyd (Bishop of St. Asaph) at his house in Leicester Fields, now going to reside in his diocese. 160 Diary of ri-ondon 12th. I dined at Mr. Brisbane's, Secretary to the Admiralty, a learned and industrious person, whither came Dr. Burnet, to thank me for some papers I had contributed towards his excellent History of the Reforma- tion. 26th. I dined at Don Pietro Ronquillo's, the Spanish Ambassador, at Wild House, 1 who used me with extra- ordinary civility. The dinner was plentiful, half after the Spanish, half after the English way. After dinner, he led me into his bedchamber, where we fell into a long discourse concerning religion. Though he was a learned man in politics, and an advocate, he was very ignorant in religion, and unable to defend any point of controversy ; he was, however, far from being fierce. At parting, he earnestly wished me to apply humbly to the Blessed Virgin to direct me, assuring me that he had known divers who had been averse from the Roman Catholic religion, wonderfully enlightened and convinced by her intercession. He impor- tuned me to come and visit him often. 29th. But one shower of rain all this month. $th May. Came to dine with me Sir William Fermor, of Northamptonshire, and Sir Christopher Wren, his Majesty's Architect and Surveyor, now building the Cathedral of St. Paul, and the Column in memory of the City's conflagration, and was in hand with the building of fifty parish churches. A wonderful genius had this incom- parable person. 16th. Came my Lady Sunderland, to desire that I would propose a match to Sir Stephen Fox for her son, Lord Spencer, to marry Mrs. Jane, Sir Stephen's daughter. I excused myself all I was able ; for the truth is, I was afraid he would prove an extravagant man : for, though a youth of extraordinary parts, and had an excellent education to render him a worthy man, yet his early inclinations to extravagance made me apprehensive, that I should not serve Sir Stephen by proposing it, like a friend ; this being now his only daughter, well-bred, and likely to receive a large share of her father's opulence. Lord Sunderland was much sunk in his estate by gaming and other prodigalities, and was now no longer Secretary of State, having fallen into displeasure of the King for siding with the Commons about the succession; but which, I am assured, he did not do out * Near Drury Lane. i68i] John Evelyn 161 of his own inclination, or for the preservation of the Pro- testant religion ; but by mistaking the ability of the party to carry it. However, so earnest and importunate was the Countess, that I did mention it to Sir Stephen, who said that it was too great an honour, that his daughter was very young as well as my Lord, and he was resolved never to marry her without the parties' mutual liking; with other objections which I neither would nor could contradict. He desired me to express to the Countess the great sense he had of the honour done him, that his daughter and her son were too young ; that he would do nothing without her liking, which he did not think her capable of expressing judiciously, till she was sixteen or seventeen years of age, of which she now wanted four years, and that I would put it off as civilly as I could. 20th May. Our new curate preached, a pretty hopeful young man, yet somewhat raw, newly come from college, full of Latin sentences, which in time will wear off. He read prayers very well. 25th. There came to visit me Sir William Walter and Sir John Elowes : and, the next day, the Earl of Kildare, a young gentleman related to my wife, and other company. There had scarce fallen any rain since Christmas. 2nd June. I went to Hampton Court, when the Surrey gentlemen presented their addresses to his Majesty, whose hand I kissed, introduced by the Duke of Albemarle. Being at the Privy Council, I took another occasion of discoursing with Sir Stephen Fox about his daughter and to revive that business, and at last brought it to this : That, in case the young people liked one the other, after four years, he first desiring to see a particular of my Lord's present estate if I could transmit it to him privately, he would make her portion ;£ 14,000, though to all appearance he might likely make it ^50,000 as easily, his eldest son having no child, and growing very corpulent. 12th. It still continued so great a drought as had never been known in England, and it was said to be universal. 14th August. No sermon this afternoon, which I think did not happen twice in this parish these thirty years ; so gracious has God been to it, and indeed to the whole nation : God grant that we abuse not this great privilege, either by our wantonness, schism, or unfaithfulness, under 1 62 Diary of [Wotton such means as he has not favoured any other nation under Heaven besides ! 23rd. I went to Wotton, and, on the following day, was invited to Mr. Denzil Onslow's at his seat at Pur- ford, where was much company, and such an extraordinary! feast, as I had hardly seen at any country gentleman's table. What made it more remarkable was, that there was not anything save what his estate about it did afford ; as venison, rabbits, hares, pheasants, partridges, pigeons, quails, poultry, all sorts of fowl in season from his own! decoy near his house, and all sorts of fresh fish. After dinner, we went to see sport at the decoy, where I never saw so many herons. The seat stands on a fiat, the ground pasture, rarely watered, and exceedingly improved since Mr. Onslow bought it of Sir Robert Parkhurst, who spent a fair estate. The house is timber, but commodious, and with one ample dining-room, the hall adorned with paintings of fowl and huntings, &c. , the work of Mr. Barlow, who is excellent in this kind from the life. 1 ^oth. From Wotton I went to see Mr. Hussey, 2 (atl Sutton in Shere), who has a very pretty seat well watered, near my brother's. He is the neatest husband for curious ordering his domestic and field accommodations, and what pertains to husbandry, that I have ever seen, as to his granaries, tacklings, tools, and utensils, ploughs, carts, stables, wood-piles, wood-house, even to hen-roosts andj hog-troughs. Methought, I saw old Cato, or Varro, in him ; all substantial, all in exact order. The sole inconvenl-l ence he lies under, is the great quantity of sand which thel stream brings along with it, and fills his canals and recep-l tacles for fish too soon. The rest of my time of stay atl Wotton was spent in walking about the grounds andl goodly woods, where I have in my youth so often enter- 1 tained my solitude; and so, on the 2nd of September, II once more returned to my home. 6th September. Died my pretty grandchild, and was in-J terred on the 8th [at Deptford]. \/\th. Dined with Sir Stephen Fox, who proposed to me I the purchasing of Chelsea College, which his Majesty hadl l This house has been pulled down many year* The estate it I the property of the Onslow family. • Ante, p. 5V 1681] John Hvelyn 163 sometime since given to our Society, and would now pur- chase it again to build an hospital ; or infirmary for soldiers there, in which he desired my assistance as one of the Council of the Royal Society. 15th. I had another opportunity of visiting his Majesty's private library, at Whitehall. To Sir Samuel Morland's, to see his house and mechanics. 1 ijth. I went with Monsieur Faubert about taking the Countess of Bristol's house for an academy, he being lately come from Paris for his religion, and resolving to settle here. 3 23/d. I went to see Sir Thomas Bond's fine house and garden, at Peckham. 2nd October. I went to Camberwell, where that good man Dr. Parr (late chaplain to Archbishop Usher) preached on Acts xvi. 30. nth. To Fulham, to visit the Bishop of London, in whose garden I first saw the Sedum arborescens in flower, which was exceedingly beautiful. 5th November. Dr. Hooper preached on Mark xii. 16, 17, before the King, of the usurpation of the Church of Rome. This is one of the first rank of pulpit men in the nation. 3 15^/1. I dined with the Earl of Essex who, after dinner in his study, where we were alone, related to me how much he had been scandalized and injured in the report of his being privy to the marriage of his Lady's niece, the rich young widow of the late Lord Ogle, sole daughter of the Earl of Northumberland ; showing me a letter of Mr. 1 In Lambeth, at what is now Vauxhall, where Sir Samuel Morland had fitted up a house. It contained a large room, furnished mag- nificently, and elaborate fountains constructed in the garden. He was much in favour with Charles the Second for services he had rendered to him while abroad, and this is probably the place to which it is said the King and his Ladies used to cross the water to go to. See Manning and Bray's Hist. Surrey, iii. 489, 490, 491. Poor Sir Samuel became blind at last, and seems to have suffered from a ion of religious melancholy. See post, p. 340. 1 He had a riding-house between Swallow Street (now replaced by Regent Street) and King Street ; the passage by it between those streets is still called by his name. ' George Hooper, afterwards Dean of Canterbury, Bishop of St. Aiaph, and then translated to the see of Bath and Wells. He died In 1737. 164 Diary Of [London] Thynn's, excusing himself for not communicating his marriage to his Lordship. He acquainted me also with the whole story of that unfortunate lady being betrayed by her grandmother, the Countess of Northumberland, and Colonel Bret, for money ; and that though, upon the im- portunity of the Duke of Monmouth, he had delivered to the grandmother a particular of the jointure which Mr. Thynn pretended he would settle on the lady, yet he totally discouraged the proceeding, as by no means a competent match for one that both by birth and fortune might have pretended to the greatest prince in Christendom ; that he also proposed the Earl of Kingston, or the Lord Cranburn, but was by no means for Mr. Thynn. 1 igth November. I dined with my worthy friend, Mr. Erskine, Master of the Charter-house, uncle to the Duchess of Monmouth ; a wise and learned gentleman, fitter to have been a privy councillor and minister of state than to have been laid aside. 2^th. T was at the audience of the Russian Ambassador before both their Majesties in the Banqueting-house. The presents were carried before him, held up by his followers in two ranks before the King's State, and consisted of tapestry (one suite of which was doubtlessly brought from France as being of that fabric, the Ambassador having passed through that kingdom as he came out of Spain), a large Persian carpet, furs of sable and ermine, &c. ; but nothing was so splendid and exotic as the Ambassador who came soon after the King's restoration. 2 This present Ambassador was exceedingly offended that his coach was not permitted to come into the Court, till, being told that 1 Thomas Thynne, Esq., of Longleat Hall, Wilts. He had married the young widow of Lord Ogle, but the marriage was never con- summated ; and he had previously seduced, under a promise of marriage, a young lady, who is said to have been in some way instrumental to his murder. Hence the burlesque epitaph : " Here lies Tom Thynne of Longleat Hall, Who never would have miscarried, Had he married the woman he lay withal ; Or laid with the woman he married." Assuming the truth of what Lord Essex conveyed to Evelyn In the text, the inclinations of the wealthy heiress were not consulted in her union ; and this may have given rise to the suspicion that she encour* aged Count Konigsmarke's addresses, and was privy to his murderous designs upon her husband. ' Antt, vol. i. p. 378. i632' John Evelyn 165 no King's Ambassador did, he was pacified, yet requiring an attestation of it under the hand of Sir Charles Cotterell, the Master of the Ceremonies; being, it seems, afraid he should offend his Master, if he omitted the least punc- tilio. It was reported he condemned his son to lose his head for shaving off his beard, and putting himself in the French mode at Paris, and that he would have executed it, had not the French King interceded — but qy. of this. 2,oth. Sir Christopher Wren chosen President [of the Royal Society], Mr. Austine, Secretary, with Dr. Plot, the ingenious author of the History of Oxfordshire. There was a most illustrious appearance. 1681-2. nth January. I saw the audience of the Morocco Ambassador, 1 his retinue not numerous. He was received in the Banqueting-house, both their Majesties being present. He came up to the throne without making any sort of reverence, not bowing his head, or body. He spake by a renegado Englishman, for whose safe return there was a promise. They were all clad in the Moorish habit, cassocks of coloured cloth, or silk, with buttons and loops, over this an alhaga, or white woollen mantle, so large as to wrap both" head and body, a sash, or small turban, naked-legged and armed, but with leather socks like the Turks, rich scymitar, and large calico sleeved shirts. The Ambassador had a string of pearls oddly woven in his turban. I fancy the old Roman habit was little different as to the mantle and naked limbs. He was a handsome person, well-featured, of a wise look, subtle, and extremely civil. Their presents were lions and ostriches ; 2 their errand about a peace at Tangier. But the concourse and tumult of the people was intolerable, so as l Named Hamei, He made his public entry through London the fifth of this month. On the thirtieth of May following, he was enter- tained at Oxford ; and, about the same time, dined with Elias Ashmole, who made him a present of a magnifying glass. July 14, the Ambassador took his leave of the King, and on the 23rd of the same month embarked for his own country. His visit, as Evelyn tells us, excited not only much interest in the Court circles, but great popular curiosity. The proof of this remains indeed in the different prints of him which exist, and among them a large and fine one by Robert White. > Sir John Reresby informs us in his Memoirs, " that the Ambas- sador's present consisted of two lions and thirty ostriches; at which his Majesty laughed, and said he knew nothing more proper to send by way of return than a flock of geese." 1 66 Diary Of [London j the officers could keep no order, which these strangers were astonished at at first, there being nothing so regular, exact, and performed with such silence, as is on all these public occasions of their country, and indeed over all the Turkish dominions. 14th January. Dined at the Bishop of Rochester's, at the Abbey, it being his marriage-day, after twenty-four years. He related to me how he had been treated by Sir William Temple, foreseeing that he might be a delegate in the concern of my Lady Ogle now likely to come in controversy upon her marriage with Mr. Thynn ; also, how earnestly the late Earl of Danby, Lord Treasurer, sought his friendship, and what plain and sincere advice he gave him from time to time about his miscarriages and parti- alities ; particularly his outing Sir John Duncomb from being Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Sir Stephen Fox, above all, from being Paymaster of the Army. The Treasurer's excuse and reason was, that Fox's credit was so over-great with the bankers and monied men, that he could procure none but by his means; " for that reason," replied the Bishop, " I would have made him my friend, Sir Stephen being a person both honest and of credit." He told him likewise of his stateliness and difficulty of access, and several other miscarriages, and which indeed made him hated. 2^ih. To the Royal Society, where at the Council we passed a new law for the more accurate consideration of candidates, as whether they would really be useful ; also, concerning the honorary members, that none should be admitted but by diploma. This evening, I was at the entertainment of the Morocco Ambassador at the Duchess of Portsmouth's glorious apartments at Whitehall, where was a great banquet, of sweetmeats and music; but at which both the Ambassador and his retinue behaved themselves with extraordinary moderation and modesty, though placed about a long table, a lady between two Moors, and amongst these were thej King's natural children, namely, Lady Lichfield and Sussex, the Duchess of Portsmouth, Nelly, &c. , conJ cubines, and cattle of that sort, as splendid as jewels and excess of bravery could make them ; the Moors neithe admiring nor seeming to regard anything, furniture or th like, with any earnestness, and but decently tasting of th i i68a] John Evelyn 167 banquet. They drank a little milk and water, but not a drop of wine; they also drank of a sorbet and jacolatt; 1 did not look about, or stare on the ladies, or express the least surprise, but with a courtly negligence in pace, coun- tenance, and whole behaviour, answering only to such questions as were asked with a great deal of wit and gallantry, and so gravely took leave with this compliment, that God would bless the Duchess of Portsmouth and the Prince, her son, meaning the little Duke of Richmond. The King came in at the latter end, just as the Ambassador was going away. In this manner was this slave (for he was no more at home) entertained by most of the nobility in town, and went often to Hyde Park on horseback, where he and his retinue showed their extraordinary activity in horsemanship, and flinging and catching their lances at full speed ; they rode very short, and could stand upright at full speed, managing their spears with incredible agility. He went sometimes to the theatres, where, upon any foolish or fantastical action, he could not forbear laughing, but he endeavoured to hide it with extraordinary modesty and gravity. In a word, the Russian Ambassador, still at Court, behaved himself like a clown, compared to this civil heathen. 27th January. This evening, Sir Stephen Fox acquainted me again with his Majesty's resolution of proceeding in the erection of a Royal Hospital for emerited soldiers on that spot of ground which the Royal Society had sold to his Majesty for 1300L, and that he would settle 5000^. per annum on it, and build to the value of 20,oooZ. for the relief and reception of four companies, namely, 400 men, to be as in a college, or monastery. I was therefore desired by Sir Stephen (who had not only the whole managing of this, but was, as I perceived, himself to be a grand bene- factor, as well it became him who had gotten so vast an estate by the soldiers) to assist him, and consult what method to cast it in, as to the government. So, in his study we arranged the governor, chaplain, steward, house- keeper, chirurgeon, cook, butler, gardener, porter, and other officers, with their several salaries and entertain- ments. I would needs have a library, and mentioned several books, since some soldiers might possibly be studi- ous, when they were at leisure to recollect. Thus we made l Sherbet and chocolate. 1 68 Diary Of [London the first calculations, and set down our thoughts to be considered and digested better, to show his Majesty and the Archbishop. He also engaged me to consider of what laws and orders were fit for the government, which was to be in every respect as strict as in any religious convent. After supper, came in the famous treble, Mr. Abel, newly returned from Italy ; I never heard a more excellent voice; one would have sworn it had been a woman's, it was so high, and so well and skilfully managed, being accompanied by Signor Francesco on the harpsichord. 28th. Mr. Pepys, late Secretary to the Admiralty, showed me a large folio containing the whole mechanic part and art of building royal ships and men of war, made by Sir Anthony Dean, being so accurate a piece from the very keel to the lead block, rigging, guns, victualling, manning, and even to every individual pin and nail, in a method so astonishing and curious, with a draught, both geometrical and in perspective, and several sections, that I do not think the world can show the like. I esteem this book as an extraordinary jewel. 7th February. My daughter, Mary, began to learn music of Signor Bartholomeo, and dancing of Monsieur Isaac, reputed the best masters. Having had several violent fits of an ague, recourse was had to bathing my legs in milk up to the knees, made as hot as I could endure it ; and sitting so in it in a deep churn, or vessel, covered with blankets, and drinking carduus posset, then going to bed and sweating, I not only missed that expected fit, but had no more, only continued weak, that I could not go to church till Ash-Wednesday, which I had not missed, I think, so long in twenty years, so gracious had God been to me. After this warning and admonition, I now began to look over and methodise all my writings, accompts, letters, papers ; inventoried the goods, and other articles of the house, and put things into the best order I could, and made my will ; that now, growing in years, I might have none of these secular things and concerns to distract me, when it should please Almighty God to call me from this tran- sitory life. With this, I prepared some special medita- tions and devotions for the time of sickness. The Lord Jesus grant them to be salutary for my poor soul in that day, that I may obtain mercy and acceptance 1 |i682] John Evelyn 169 1st March. My second grandchild was born, and christ- ened the next day by our vicar at Sayes Court, by the name of John. 1 I beseech God to bless him ! 2nd. Ash-Wednesday. I went to church : our vicar preached on Proverbs, showing what care and vigilance was required for the keeping of the heart upright. The Holy Communion followed, on which I gave God thanks for his gracious dealing with me in my late sickness, and affording me this blessed opportunity of praising Him in the congregation, and receiving the cup of salvation with new and serious resolutions. Came to see and congratulate my recovery, Sir John Lowther, Mr. Herbert, Mr. Pepys, Sir Anthony Deane, and Mr. Hill. 10th. This day was executed Colonel Vrats, and some of his accomplices, for the execrable murder of Mr. Thynn, 2 set on by the principal Koningsmark. He went to execution like an undaunted hero, as one that had done a friendly office for that base coward, Count Koningsmark, who had hopes to marry his widow, the rich Lady Ogle, and was acquitted by a corrupt jury, and so got away. Vrats told a friend of mine who accompanied him to the gallows, and gave him some advice, that he did not value dying of a rush, and hoped and believed God would deal with him like a gentleman. Never man went, so uncon- cerned for his sad fate. 24th. I went to see the corpse of that obstinate creature, Colonel Vrats, the King permitting that his body should be transported to his own country, he being of a good family, and one of the first embalmed by a particular art, invented by one William Russell, a coffin-maker, which preserved the body without disbowelling, or to appearance using any bituminous matter. The flesh was florid, soft, and full, as if the person were only sleeping. He had now been dead near fifteen days, and lay exposed in a very rich coffin lined with lead, too magnificent for so daring and horrid a murderer. At the meeting of the Royal Society were exhibited some pieces of amber sent by the Duke of Brandenburg, in one 1 Who became his successor, and was created a baronet in 1713. See hysons, iv. 377. 3 Who lies buried in Westminster Abbey ; the manner of his death being represented on his monument. 170 Diary Of [London of which was a spider, in another a gnat, both very entire. There was a discourse of the tingeing of glass, especially with red, and the difficulty of finding any red colour effectual to penetrate glass, among the glass-painters ; that the most diaporous, as hlue, yellow, &o. , did not enter into the substance of what was ordinarily painted, more than very shallow, unless incorporated in the metal itself, other reds and whites not at all beyond the superfices. $th April. To the Royal Society, where at a Council was regulated what collections should be published monthly, as formerly the transactions, which had of late been discontinued, but were now much called for by the curious abroad and at home. i2th. I went this afternoon with several of the Royal Society to a supper which was all dressed, both fish and flesh, in Monsieur Papin's digestors, by which the hardest bones of beef itself, and mutton, were made as soft as cheese, without water or other liquor, and with less than eight ounces of coah, producing an incredible quantity of gravy ; and for close of all, a jelly made of the bones of beef, the best for clearness and good relish, and the most delicious that I had ever seen, or tasted. We eat pike and other fish bones, and all without impediment ; but nothing exceeded the pigeons, which tasted just as if baked in a pie, all these being stewed in their own juice, without any addition of water save what swam about the digestor, as in balneo ; the natural juice of all these provisions acting on the grosser substances, reduced the hardest bones to tenderness ; but it is best descanted with more particulars for extracting tinctures, preserving and stewing fruit, and saving fuel, in Dr. Papin's book published and dedicated to our Society, of which he is a member. He is since gone to Venice with the late Resident here (and also a member of our Society), who carried this excellent mechanic, philo- sopher, and physician, to set up a philosophical meeting in that city. This philosophical supper caused much mirth amongst us, and exceedingly pleased all the company. I sent a glass of the jelly to my wife, to the reproach of all that the ladies ever made of their best hartshorn. 1 1 Denys Papin, a French physician and mathematician, who pos- sessed so remarkable a knowledge of mathematics, that he verr nearly brought the invention of the iteam-cngine into working order. 1682] John Evelyn 171 The season was unusually wet, with rain and thunder. 25th May. I was desired by Sir Stephen Fox and Sir Christopher Wren to accompany them to Lambeth, with the plot and design of the College to be built at Chelsea, to have the Archbishop's approbation. It was a quad- rangle of 200 feet square, after the dimensions of the larger quadrangle at Christ-Church, Oxford, for the accommoda- tion of 440 persons, with governor and officers. This was agreed on. The Duke and Duchess of York were just now come to London, after his escape and shipwreck, as he went by sea for Scotland. 28th. At the Rolls' chapel preached the famous Dr. Burnet on 2 Peter i. 10, describing excellently well what was meant by election ; viz. not the effect of any irre- versible decree, but so called because they embraced the Gospel readily, by which they became elect, or precious to God. It would be very needless to make our calling and election sure, were they irreversible and what the rigid Presbyterians pretend. In the afternoon, to St. Lawrence's church, a new and cheerful pile. 29th. I gave notice to the Bishop of Rochester of what Maimburg had published about the motives of the late Duchess of York's perversion, in his History of Calvinism; and did myself write to the Bishop of Winchester x about it, who being concerned in it, I urged him to set forth his vindication. 31st. The Morocco Ambassador being admitted an hono- rary member of the Royal Society, and subscribing his name and titles in Arabic, I was deputed by the Council to go and compliment him. igth June. The Bantam, 2 or East India Ambassadors, (at this time we had in London the Russian, Moroccan, and Indian Ambassadors,) being invited to dine at Lord George Berkeley's (now Earl), I went to the entertainment to con- template the exotic guests. They were both very hard- favoured, and much resembling in countenance some sort He assisted Mr. Boyle in his pneumatic experiments, and was after- wards mathematical professor at Marburg. He died in 1710. 1 Dr. Morley. 1 The name of one was Pungearon Nia Para, of the other Kaia Nebbe, or Keay Nabee. There are prints existing of both, represent- ing them exactly as here described. There were others in the embassy, but probably of inferior degree. 172 Diary Of [London of monkeys. We eat at two tables, the Ambassadors and interpreter by themselves. Their garments were rich Indian silks, flowered with gold, viz. a close waistcoat to their knees, drawers, naked legs, and on their heads caps made like fruit-baskets. They wore poisoned daggers at their bosoms, the hafts carved with some ugly serpents' or devils' heads, exceeding keen, and of Damascus metal. They wore no sword. The second Ambassador (sent it seems to succeed in case the first should die by the way in so tedious a journey), having been at Mecca, wore a Turkish or Arab sash, a little part of the linen hanging down behind his neck, with some other difference of habit, and was half a negro, bare legged and naked feet, and deemed a very holy man. They sate crossed-legged like Turks, and sometimes in the posture of apes and monkeys; their nails and teeth as black as jet, and shining, which being the effect, as to their teeth, of perpetually chewing betel to preserve them from the tooth-ache, much raging in their country, is esteemed beautiful. The first Ambassador was of an olive hue, a flat face, narrow eyes, squat nose, and Moorish lips, no hair appeared ; they wore several rings of silver, gold, and copper on their fingers, which was a token of knighthood, or nobility. They were of Java Major, whose princes have been turned Mahomedans not above fifty years since ; the inhabitants are still pagans and idolaters. They seemed of a dull and heavy constitution, not wondering at any thing they saw ; but exceedingly astonished how our law gave us propriety in our estates, and so thinking we were all kings, for they could not be made to comprehend how subjects could possess any thing but at the pleasure of their Prince, they being all slaves; they were pleased with the notion, and admired our happiness. They were very sober, and I believe subtle in their way. Their meat was cooked, carried up, and they attended by several fat slaves, who had no covering save drawers, which appeared very uncouth and loathsome. They eat their pilaw, and other spoon-meat, without spoons, taking up their pottage in the hollow of their fingers, and very dexterously flung it into their mouths without spilling a drop. lyth July. Came to dine with me, the Duke of Grafton and the young Earl of Ossory, son to my most dear deceased friend. i682] John Evelyn 173 30/h. Went to visit our good neighbour, Mr. Bohun, 1 whose whole house is a cabinet of all elegancies, especially Indian ; in the hall are contrivances of Japan screens, instead of wainscot ; and there is an excellent pendule clock inclosed in the curious* flower-work of Mr. Gibbon, in the middle of the vestibule. The landscapes of the screens represent the manner of living, and country of the Chinese. But, above all, his lady's cabinet is adorned on the fret, ceiling, and chimney-piece, with Mr. Gibbon's best carving. There are also some of Streeter's best paintings, and many rich curiosities of gold and silver as growing in the mines. The gardens are exactly kept, and the whole place very agreeable and well watered. The owners are good neigh- bours, and Mr. Bohun has also built and endowed an hospital for eight poor people, with a pretty chapel, and every necessary accommodation. is t August. To the Bishop of London at Fulham, to review the additions which Mr. Marshall had made to his curious book of flowers in miniature, and collection of insects. 4*/i. With Sir Stephen Fox, to survey the foundations of the Royal Hospital begun at Chelsea. gth. The Council of the Royal Society had it recom- mended to them to be trustees and visitors, or supervisors, of the Academy which Monsieur Faubert did hope to pro- cure to be built by subscription of worthy gentlemen and noblemen, for the education of youth, and to lessen the vast expense the nation is at yearly by sending children into France to be taught military exercises. We chought good to give him all the encouragement our recommendation could procure. 15th. Came to visit me Dr. Rogers, an acquaintance of mine long since at Padua. He was then Consul of tha English nation, and student in that University, where he proceeded Doctor in Physic ; presenting me now with the Latin oration he lately made upon the famous Dr. Harvey's anniversary in the College of Physicians, at London. 20th. This night I saw another comet, near Cancer, very bright, but the stream not so long as the former. 29th. Supped at Lord Clarendon's, with Lord Hyde, his brother, now the great favourite, who invited himself to dine at my house the Tuesday following. i Thii w«a *t Lee. See Hasted's History of Kent, toI. i. p $7. 174 Diary Of [London 30th October. Being my birthday, and I now entering my great climacterical of 63, after serious recollections of the years past, giving Almighty God thanks for all his merciful preservations and forbearance, begging pardon for my sins and unworthiness, and his blessing on me the year entering ; I went with my Lady Fox to survey her building, and give some directions for the garden at Chiswick j 1 the architect is Mr. May ; somewhat heavy and thick, and not so well understood ; the garden much too narrow, the place without water, near a highway, and near another great house of my Lord Burlington, little land about it, so that I wonder at the expense ; but women will have their will. 25th November. I was invited to dine with Monsieur Lionberg, the Swedish Resident, who made a magnificent entertainment, it being the birthday of his King. There dined the Duke of Albemarle, Duke of Hamilton, Earl of Bath, Earl of Aylesbury, Lord Arran, Lord Castlehaven, the son of him who was executed fifty years before, and several great persons. I was exceedingly afraid of drink- ing (it being a Dutch feast), but the Duke of Albemarle being that night to wait on his Majesty, excess was pro- hibited ; and, to prevent all, I stole away and left the company as soon as we rose from table. 28th. I went to the Council of the Royal Society, for the auditing the last year's accompt, where I was surprised with a fainting fit that for a time took away my sight ; but God being merciful to me, I recovered it after a short repose. ^oth. I was exceedingly endangered and importuned to stand the election, 2 having so many voices, but by favour of my friends, and regard of my remote dwelling, and now frequent infirmities, I desired their suffrages might be trans- ferred to Sir John Hoskins, one of the Masters of Chancery ; a most learned virtuoso as well as lawyer, who accordingly was elected. jth December. Went to congratulate Lord Hyde (the great favourite), newly made Earl of Rochester, 3 and lately marrying his eldest daughter to the Earl of Ossory. 18th. I sold my East India adventure of ^250 principal for £,7S° to tne R°y a l Society, after I had been in that 1 See Lysons' Environs, ii. p. 209. 1 For President of the Royal Society. • Lawrence, second son of the Chancellor. 1683] John Evelyn 175 company twenty-five years, being extraordinary advan- tageous, by the blessing of God. 23rd January, 1682-3. Sir Francis North, son to the Lord North, and Lord Chief Justice, being made Lord Keeper on the death of the Earl of Nottingham, the Lord Chancellor, I went to congratulate him. He is a most know- ing, learned, and ingenious man, and, besides being an excellent person, of an ingenious and sweet disposition, very skilful in music, painting, the new philosophy, and politer studies. 29th. Supped at Sir Joseph Williamson's, where was a select company of our Society, Sir William Petty, Dr. Gale (that learned schoolmaster of St. Paul's), 1 Dr. Whistler, Mr. Hill, &c. The conversation was philoso- phical and cheerful, on divers considerable questions pro- posed ; as of the hereditary succession of the Roman Emperors ; the Pica mentioned in the preface to our Common Prayer, which signifies only the Greek Kalen- darium. These were mixed with lighter subjects. 2nd February. I made my court at St. James's, when I saw the sea-charts of Captain Collins, 2 which that indus- trious man now brought to show the Duke, having taken all the coasting from the mouth of the Thames, as far as Wales, and exactly measuring every creek, island, rock, soundings, harbours, sands, and tides, intending next spring to proceed till he had finished the whole island, and that measured by chains and other instruments : a most exact and useful undertaking. He affirmed, that of all the m?ps put out since, there are none extant so true as those of Joseph Norden, who gave us the first in Queen Eliza- beth's time; all since him are erroneous. 12th. This morning, I received the news of the death of my father-in-law, Sir Richard Browne, Knt. and Bart., who died at my house at Sayes Court this day at ten in the morning, after he had laboured under the gout and ' Dr. Thomas Gale ; he was Greek Professor at Cambridge, Master of St. Paul's School, London, and subsequently Dean of York. He was the author of several scholastic works ; and was counted among the most learned men of his time. Born in 1636 : died in 1702. ' Probably a John Collins, who had been in the naval service of Venice, and who was employed at this time as an accountant in some of the government o/hces, was a contributor to the Transactions of the Royal Society, and wrote several mathematical works. I76 DTary Of [London dropsy for near six months, in the 78th year of his age. The funeral was solemnized on the 19th at Deptford, with as much decency as the dignity of the person, and our rela- tion to him, required ; there being invited the Bishop of Rochester, several noblemen, knights, and all the fraternity of the Trinity Company, of which he had been Master, and others of the country. The vicar preached a short but proper discourse on Psalm xxxix. 10, on the frailty of our mortal condition, concluding with an ample and well- deserved eulogy on the defunct, relating to his honourable birth and ancestors, education, learning in Greek and Latin, modern languages, travels, public employments, signal loyalty, character abroad, and particularly the honour of supporting the Church of England in its public worship during its persecution by the late rebels' usurpation and regicide, by the suffrages of divers Bishops, Doctors of the church, and others, who found such an asylum in his house and family at Paris, that in their disputes with the Papists (then triumphing over it as utterly lost) they used to argue for its visibility and existence from Sir R. Browne's chapel and assembly there. Then he spake of his great and loyal sufferings during thirteen years' exile with his present Majesty, his return with him in the signal year 1660; his honourable employment at home, his timely recess to recollect himself, his great age, infirmities, and death. He gave to the Trinity-Corporation that land in Dept- ford on which are built those alms-houses for twenty-four widows of emerited seamen. He was born the famous year of the Gunpowder Treason, in 1605, and being the last [male] of his family, left my wife, his only daughter, heir. His grandfather, Sir Richard Browne, was the great instrument under the great Earl of Leicester (favourite to Queen Elizabeth) in his government of the Netherland. He was Master of the Household to King James, and Cofferer; I think was the first who regulated the compositions through England for the King's Household, provisions, progresses, 1 &c. which was so high a service, and so grate- ful to the whole nation, that he had acknowledgments and 1 Notice was taken of this in a previous passage of the Diary. I The different counties were bound to supply provisions of various I kinds, and these were collected by officers called purveyors, whose I extortions often excited the attention of Parliament. For a particular 1 account of their practices, see Arch He was made Earl of Montagu by King William, and Duke by Queen Anne. His wife was Lady Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, widow of Joceline Percy, the nth and last Earl of Northumberland (of that family). i68 3 ] John Evelyn 193 17th. I was at the court-leet of this manor, my Lord Arlington his Majesty's High-Steward. 1 26th. Came to visit and dine with me, Mr. Brisbane, Secretary to the Admiralty, a learned and agreeable man. 30th. I went to Kew to visit Sir Henry Capell, brother to the late Earl of Essex ; but he being gone to Cashiobury, after I had seen his garden 2 and the alterations therein, I returned home. He had repaired his house, roofed his hall with a kind of cupola, and in a niche was an artificial foun- tain ; but the room seems to me over-melancholy, yet might be much improved by having the walls well painted & fresco. The two green-houses for oranges and myrtles communicat- ing with the rooms below, are very well contrived. 3 There is a cupola made with pole-work between two elms at the end of a walk, which being covered by plashing the trees to them, is very pretty; for the rest there are too many fir-trees in the garden. 171/1 November. I took a house in Villiers Street, York Buildings, for the winter, having many important concerns to dispatch, and for the education of my daughters. 23rd. The Duke of Monmouth, till now proclaimed traitor on the pretended plot for which Lord Russell was lately beheaded, came this evening to Whitehall and rendered himself, on which were various discourses. 26th. I went to compliment the Duchess of Grafton, now lying-in of her first child, a son, 4 which she called for, that I mighty see it. She was become more beau- tiful, if it were possible, than before, and full of virtue and sweetness. She discoursed with me of many particulars, with great prudence and gravity beyond her years. 29th. Mr. Forbes showed me the plot of the garden making at Burleigh, at my Lord Exeter's, which I looked on as one of the most noble that I had seen. The whole court and town in solemn mourning for the death of the King of Portugal, her Majesty's brother. 30th. At the. anniversary dinner of the Royal Society 1 The manor of Deptford-ie-Strond, alias West Greenwich. * Arch&ologia, vol. xii. p. 185. 8 Of late years this plan has been frequently adopted. 4 Charles, who succeeded his father, killed in Ireland in 1690. This son was Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, Lord Chamberlain, Privy Counsellor, K.G., &c. in the reigns of Anne, George I. and George II. There is a fine whole-length mezzntintn of him by Faber. II "' *G 194 Diary Of [London the King sent us two does. Sir Cyril Wych was elected President. $th December. I was this day invited to a wedding of one Mrs. Castle, to whom I had some obligation, a_nd it was to her fifth husband, a Lieutenant-Colonel of the City. She was the daughter of one Burton, a broom-man, by his wife, who sold kitchen-stuff in Kent Street, whom God so blessed that the father became a very rich, and was a very honest man; he was sheriff of Surrey, 1 where I have sat on the bench with him. Another of his daughters was married to Sir John Bowles ; and this daughter was a jolly friendly woman. There was at the wedding the Lord Mayor, the Sheriff, several Aldermen and persons of quality ; above all, Sir George Jefferies, newly made Lord Chief Justice of England, with Mr. Justice Withings, danced with the bride, and were exceeding merry. These great men spent the rest of the afternoon, till eleven at night, in drinking healths, taking tobacco, and talking much beneath the gravity of Judges, who had but a day or two before con- demned Mr. Algernon Sydney, who was executed the 7th on Tower-Hill, on the single witness of that monster of a man, Lord Howard of Escrick, and some sheets of paper taken in Mr. Sydney's study, pretended to be written by him, but not fully proved, nor the time when, but appearing to have been written before his Majesty's restoration, and then pardoned by the Act of Oblivion; so that though Mr. Sydney was known to be a person obstinately averse to government by a monarch (the subject of the paper was in answer to one by Sir E. Filmer), yet it was thought he had very hard measure. There is this yet observable, that he had been an inveterate enemy to the last king, and in actual rebellion against him ; a man of great courage, great sense, great parts, which he showed both at his trial and death; for, when he came on the scaffold, instead of a speech, he told them only that he had made his peace with God, that he came not thither to talk, but to die ; put a paper into the sheriff's hand, and another into a friend's; said one prayer as short as a grace, laid down his neck, and bid the executioner do his office. The Duke of Monmouth, now having his pardon, refuses to acknowledge there was any treasonable plot ; for which he is banished Whitehall. This was a great disappoint- ' In 1(173 i683] John Evelyn 195 ment to some who had prosecuted Trenchard, Hampden, &c. , that for want of a second witness were come out of the Tower upon their habeas corpus. The King had now augmented his guards with a new sort of dragoons, who carried also grenadoes, and were habited after the Polish manner, with long peaked caps, very fierce and fantastical. yth December. I went to the Tower, and visited the Earl of Danby, the late Lord High Treasurer, who had been imprisoned four years : he received me with great kindness. I dined with him, and stayed till night. We had discourse of many things, his Lady railing sufficiently at the keeping her husband so long in prison. Here I saluted the Lord Dumblaine's wife, 1 who before had been married to Emerton, and about whom there was that scan- dalous business before the delegates. 23rd. The small-pox very prevalent and mortal ; the Thames frozen. 26th. I dined at Lord Clarendon's, where I was to meet that ingenious and learned gentleman, Sir George Wheeler, who has published the excellent description of Africa and Greece, and who, being a knight of a very fair estate and young, had now newly entered into Holy Orders. 271ft. I went to visit Sir John Chardin, a French gentle- man, who had travelled three times by land into Persia, and had made many curious researches in his travels, of which he was now setting forth a relation. It being in England this year one of the severest frosts that has happened of many years, he told me the cold in Persia was much greater, the ice of an incredible thickness ; that they had little use of iron in all that country, it being so moist (though the air admirably clear and healthy) that oil would not preserve it from rusting, so that they had neither clocks nor watches ; some padlocks they had for doors and boxes. ^oth. Dr. Sprat, now made Dean of Westminster, preached to the King at Whitehall, on Matt. vl. 24. Recollecting the passages of the past year, I gave God thanks for his mercies, praying his blessing for the future. 1683-4. 1st January. The weather continuing intoler- 1 Peregrine, Viscount Dumblaine, youngest son of the Earl of Danby, so created in his father's life-time, and afterwards inheritor of his title and estate. I96 Diary Of [London ably severe, streets of booths were set upon the Thames ; the air was so very cold and thick, as of many years there had not been the like. The small-pox was very mortal. 2nd. I dined at Sir Stephen Fox's : after dinner came a fellow who eat live charcoal, glowingly ignited, quench- ing them in his mouth, and then champing and swallowing them down. There was a dog also which seemed to do many rational actions. 6th. The river quite frozen. gth. I went across the Thames on the ice, now become so thick as to bear not only streets of booths, in which they roasted meat, and had divers shops of wares, quite across as in a town, but coaches, carts, and horses passed over. So I went from Westminster-stairs to Lambeth, and dined with the Archbishop : where I met my Lord Bruce, Sir George Wheeler, Colonel Cooke, and several divines. After dinner and discourse with his Grace till evening prayers, Sir George Wheeler and I walked over the ice from Lambeth-stairs to the Horse-ferry. 10th. I visited Sir Robert Reading, where after supper we had music, but not comparable to that which Mrs. Bridgeman made us on the guitar with such extraordinary skill and dexterity. 16th. The Thames was filled with people and tents, selling all sorts of wares as in the City. 24th. The frost continuing more and more severe, the Thames before London was still planted with booths in formal streets, all sorts of trades and shops furnished, and full of commodities, even to a printing-press, where the people and ladies took a fancy to have their names printed, and the day and year set down when printed on the Thames r 1 this humour took so universally, that it was estimated the printer gained ^5 a day, for printing a line only, at sixpence a name, besides what he got by ballads, &c. Coaches plied from Westminster to the Temple, and from several other stairs to and fro, as in the streets, sleds, sliding with skates, a bull-baiting, horse and coach-races, puppet-plays and interludes, cooks, tippling, and other 1 Curiosity collectors still show these cards of Frost Fair. One may be described. Within a treble border is printed, " Mons r et Mad m Justel. Printed on the river of Thames being frozen. In the 36th year of King Charles the II., February the 5th, 1683." ▼. %. if added with a pen, probably by the holder of the card. 1684] John Evelyn 197 lewd places, so that it seemed to be a bacchanalian triumph, or carnival on the water, whilst it was a severe judgment on the land, the trees not only splitting as if lightning- struck, but men and cattle perishing in divers places, and the very seas so locked up with ice, that no vessels could stir out or come in. The fowls, fish, and birds, and all our exotic plants and greens, universally perishing. Many parks of deer were destroyed, and all sorts of fuel so dear, that there were great contributions to preserve the poor alive. Nor was this severe weather much less intense in most parts of Europe, even as far as Spain and the most southern tracts. London, by reason of the excessive cold- ness of the air hindering the ascent of the smoke, was so filled with the fuliginous steam of the sea-coal, that hardly could one see across the streets, and this filling the lungs with its gross particles, exceedingly obstructed the breast, so as one could scarcely breathe. Here was no water to be had from the pipes and engines, nor could the brewers and divers other tradesmen work, and every moment was full of disastrous accidents. qth February. I went to Sayes Court to see how the frost had dealt with my garden, where I found many of the greens and rare plants utterly destroyed. The oranges and myrtles very sick, the rosemary and laurels dead to all appearance, but the cypress likely to endure it. 5th. It began to thaw, but froze again. My coach crossed from Lambeth to the Horse-ferry at Milbank, Westminster. The booths were almost all taken down ; but there was first a map or landscape cut in copper repre- senting all the manner of the camp, and the several actions, sports, and pastimes thereon, in memory of so signal a frost. 1 7th. I dined with my Lord Keeper [North], and walk- ing alone with him some time in his gallery, we had dis- course of music. He told me he had been brought up to it from a child, so as to sing his part at first sight. Then speaking of painting, of which he was also a great lover, and other ingenious matters, he desired me to come oftener to him. 8th. I went this evening to visit that great and know- 1 Various representations of this curious scene of Frost Fair, both in wood and copper-plate engravings, preserve some idea of what it must have been. I98 Diary Of [London ing virtuoso, Monsieur Justell. 1 The weather was set in to an absolute thaw and rain ; but the Thames still frozen. loth. After eight weeks missing the foreign posts, there came abundance of intelligence from abroad. 12th. The Earl of Danby, late Lord-Treasurer, together with the Roman Catholic Lords impeached of high treason in the Popish Plot, had now their habeas corpus, and came out upon bail, after five years' imprisonment in the Tower. Then were also tried and deeply fined Mr. Hampden and others, for being supposed of the late plot, for which Lord Russell and Colonel Sidney suffered ; as also the person who went about to prove that the Earl of Essex had his throat cut in the Tower by others ; likewise Mr. Johnson, the author of that famous piece called Julian. 2 151ft. News of the Prince of Orange having accused the Deputies of Amsterdam of crimen Icesce Majestatis, and being pensioners to France. Dr. Tenison communicated to me his intention of erect- ing a library in St. Martin's parish, for the public use, and desired my assistance, with Sir Christopher Wren, about the placing and structure thereof, a worthy and laudable design. He told me there were thirty or forty young men in Orders in his parish, either governors to young gentle- men or chaplains to noblemen, who being reproved by him on occasion for frequenting taverns or coffee-houses, told him they would study or employ their time better, if they had books. This put the pious Doctor on this design ; and indeed a great reproach it is that so great a city as London should not have a public library becoming it. There ought to be one at St. Paul's; the west end of that church (if ever finished) would be a convenient place. l Henry Justell, created LL.D. by the University of Oxford, on presenting to the University the MSS. of his father, Christopher Justell, a learned writer on ecclesiastical antiquities and canon law. Both were born in France ; but on the revocation of the edict of Nantes, the son fled to England, and was appointed Keeper of the King's Library. He published several works. Born, 1620 ; died, 1693. * Samuel Johnson, a clergyman, who was distinguished by the rigour of his writings against the Court ; particularly by his " Julian the Apostate," directed at the Duke of York, a recent convert to Popery. For these he was fined and imprisoned, put in the pillory, whipped at the cart's tail, and degraded from the priesthood : never- theless, he was not silenced ; and he lived to see the Revolution, which placed William of Orange on the throne ; whereupon he received a present of ^1000, and a pension of ^300 per annum, for the joint lives of himself and his son. He died in 1703. 1684] John Evelyn 199 23rd. I went to Sir John Chardin, who desired my assistance for the engraving the plates, the translation, and printing his History of that wonderful Persian Monument near Persepolis, and other rare antiquities, which he had caused to be drawn from the originals in his second journey into Persia, which we now concluded upon. Afterwards, I went with Sir Christopher Wren to Dr. Tenison, where we made the drawing and estimate of the expense of the library, to be begun this next spring near the Mews. 1 Great expectation of the Prince of Orange's attempts in Holland to bring those of Amsterdam to consent to the new levies, to which we were no friends, by a pseudo- politic adherence to the French interest. 26th. Came to visit me Dr. Turner, our new Bishop of Rochester. 28th. I dined at Lady Tuke's, where I heard Dr. Walgrave (physician to the Duke and Duchess) play excel- lently on the lute. yth March. Dr. Meggot, Dean of Winchester, preached an incomparable sermon (the King being now gone to Newmarket), on Heb. xii. 15, showing and pathetically pressing the care we ought to have lest we come short of the grace of God. Afterwards, I went to visit Dr. Tenison at Kensington, whither he was retired to refresh, after he had been sick of the small-pox. i$th. At Whitehall preached Mr. Henry Godolphin, a prebend of St. Paul's, and brother to my dear friend Sydney, on Isaiah lv. 7. I dined at the Lord Keeper's, and brought him to Sir John Chardin, who showed him his accurate drafts of his travels in Persia. 28th. There was so great a concourse of people with their children to be touched for the Evil, that six or seven were crushed to death by pressing at the chirurgeon's door for tickets. The weather began to be more mild and toler- able ; but there was not the least appearance of any spring. 30M. Easter-day. The Bishop of Rochester preached before the King ; after which his Majesty, accompanied with three of his natural sons, the Dukes of Northumber- land, Richmond, and St. Alban's (sons of Portsmouth, Cleveland, and Nelly), went up to the altar; the three boys 1 It occupied a spacious room, which was well furnished with books, and has remained under the care of the Vicar of St. Martin's. To the Clergy in the City, Sion College is more peculiarly appropriated. 200 Diary Of [London entering before the King within the rails, at the right hand, and three Bishops on the left : London (who officiated), Durham, and Rochester, with the Sub-dean, Dr. Holder. The King, kneeling before the altar, making his offering, the Bishops first received, and then his Majesty ; after which he retired to a canopied seat on the right hand. Note, there was perfume burnt before the office began. I had received the sacrament at Whitehall early with the Lords and Household, the Bishop of London officiating. Then went to St. Martin's, where Dr. Tenison preached (recovered from the small-pox) ; then went again to White- hall as above. In the afternoon, went to St. Martin's again. 4th April. I returned home with my family to my house at Sayes Court, after five months' residence in London; hardly the least appearance of any spring. ^oth. A letter of mine to the Royal Society concerning the terrible effects of the past winter being read, they desired it might be printed in the next part of their Trans- actions. 1 10th May. I went to visit my brother in Surrey. Called by the way at Ashted, where Sir Robert Howard (Auditor of the Exchequer) entertained me very civilly at his new- built house, which stands in a park on the Down, the avenue south ; though down hill to the house, which is not great, but with the out-houses very convenient. The stair- case is painted by Verrio with the story of Astrea ; amongst other figures is the picture of the Painter himself, and not unlike him ; the rest is well done, only the columns did not at all please me; there is also Sir Robert's own picture in an oval ; the whole in fresco. The place has this great defect, that there is no water but what is drawn up by horses from a very deep well. nth. Visited Mr. Higham, who was ill, and died three days after. His grandfather and father (who christened me), with himself, had now been rectors of this parish 101 years, viz. from May, 1583. 12th. I returned to London, where I found the Com- missioners of the Admiralty abolished, and the office of Admiral restored to the Duke, as to the disposing and 1 This was done in the Transactions, No. 158. See it at length in the Biog. Brit. (Kippis's ed.), vol. v., p. 623. An Abstract of it is also reprinted in Evelyn's " Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 692-696. 1684] John Evelyn 201 ordering all sea business ; but his Majesty signed all petitions, papers, warrants, and commissions, that the Duke, not acting as admiral by commission or office, might not incur the penalty of the late Act against Papists and Dissenters holding offices, and refusing the oath and test. Every one was glad of this change, those in the late Com- mission being utterly ignorant in their duty, to the great damage of the Navy. The utter ruin of the Low Country was threatened by the siege of Luxemburg, if not timely relieved, and by the obstinacy of the Hollanders, who refused to assist the Prince of Orange, being corrupted by the French. 16th May. I received ^600 of Sir Charles Bickerstaff for the fee-farm of Pilton, in Devon. 26th. Lord Dartmouth was chosen Master of the Trinity Company, newly returned with the fleet from blowing up and demolishing Tangier. In the sermon preached on this occasion, Dr. Can observed that, in the 27th chapter of the Acts of the Apostles, the casting anchor out of the fore- ship had been cavilled at as betraying total ignorance : that it is very true our seamen do not do so ; but in the Mediter- ranean their ships were built differently from ours, and to this day it was the practice to do so there. Luxemburg was surrendered to the French, which makes them master of all the Netherlands, gives them entrance into Germany, and a fair game for universal monarchy; which that we should suffer, who only and easily might have hindered, astonished all the world. Thus is the poor Prince of Orange ruined, and this nation and all the Pro- testant interest in Europe following, unless God in His infinite mercy, as by a miracle, interpose, and our great ones alter their counsels. The French fleet were now be- sieging Genoa, but after burning much of that beautiful city with their bombs, went off with disgrace. nth June. My cousin, Verney, to whom a very great fortune was fallen, came to take leave of us, going into the country ; a very worthy and virtuous young gentleman. 12th. I went to advise and give directions about the building two streets in Berkeley Gardens, reserving the house and as much of the garden as the breadth of the house. In the meantime, I could not but deplore that sweet place (by far the most noble gardens, courts, and accommodations, stately porticos, &c, any where about the 202 Diary Of |Greenwich town) should be so much straitened and turned into tene- ments. But that magnificent pile and gardens contiguous to it, built by the late Lord Chancellor Clarendon, being all demolished, and designed for piazzas and buildings, was some excuse for my Lady Berkeley's resolution of letting out her ground also for so excessive a price as was offered, advancing near £1000 per annum in mere ground-rents ; to such a mad intemperance was the age come of building about a city, by far too disproportionate already to the nation :* I having in my time seen it almost as large again as it was within my memory. 22nd June. Last Friday, Sir Thomas Armstrong was executed at Tyburn for treason, without trial, having been outlawed and apprehended in Holland, on the conspiracy of the Duke of Monmouth, Lord Russell, &c. , which gave occasion of discourse to people and lawyers, in regard it was on an outlawry that judgment was given and execu- tion. 3 2nd July. I went to the Observatory at Greenwich, where Mr. Flamsted took his observations of the eclipse of the sun, now almost three parts obscured. There had been an excessive hot and dry spring, and such a drought still continued as never was in my memory. 13M. Some small sprinkling of rain; the leaves drop- ping from the trees as in autumn. 25th. I dined at Lord Falkland's, Treasurer of the Navy, where after dinner we had rare music, there being amongst others, Signor Pietro Reggio, and Signor John Baptist, both famous, one for his voice, the other for playing on the harpsichord, few if any in Europe exceeding him. There was also a Frenchman who sung an admirable bass. 26th. I returned home, where I found my Lord Chief Justice fjefferies], the Countess of Clarendon, and Lady Catherine Fitzgerald, who dined with me. 1 What would Evelyn think if he could see what is now called London ? 2 When brought up for judgment, Armstrong insisted on his right to a trial, the act giving that right to those who came in within a year, and the year not having expired. Jeffries refused it ; and when Armstrong insisted that he asked nothing but law, Jeffries told hirrr he should have it to the full, and ordered his execution in six days. When Jeffries went to the King at Windsor soon after, the King took a ring from his finger and gave it to Jeffries. Burnet, ii. 989. 1684] John Evelyn 203 10th August. We had now rain after such a drought as no man in England had known. 24th. Excessive hot. We had not had above one or two considerable showers, and those storms, these eight or nine months. Many trees died for the want of refresh- ment. 31st. Mr. Sidney Godolphin was made Baron Godolphin. 2bth September. The King being returned from Win- chester, there was a numerous Court at Whitehall. At this time the Earl of Rochester was removed from the Treasury to the Presidentship of the Council; Lord Godolphin was made first Commissioner of the Treasury in his place ; Lord Middleton (a Scot) made Secretary of State, in the room of Lord Godolphin. These alterations being very unexpected and mysterious, gave great occasion of discourse. There was now an Ambassador from the King of Siam, in the East Indies, to his Majesty. 22nd October. I went with Sir William Godolphin to see the rhinoceros, or unicorn, being the first that I sup- pose was ever brought into England. She belonged to some East India merchants, and was sold (as I remember) for above ^"2000. At the same time, I went to see a crocodile, brought from some of the West India Islands, resembling the Egyptian crocodile. 24f.fr. 1 dined at Sir Stephen Fox's with the Duke of Northumberland. He seemed to be a youn^ gentleman of good capacity, well-bred, civil, and modest : newly come from travel, and had made his campaign at the siege of Luxemburg. Of all his Majesty's children (of which he had now six Dukes) this seemed the most accomplished and worth the owning. He is extraordinary handsome and well-shaped. What the Dukes of Richmond and St. Alban's will prove, their youth does not yet discover; they are very pretty boys. 26th. Dr. Goodman preached before the King on James ii. 12, concerning the law of liberty : an excellent discourse and in good method. He is author of The Prodigal Son, a treatise worth reading, and another of the old religion. 2jth. I visited the Lord Chamberlain, where dined the black Baron and Monsieur Flamerin, who had so long been banished France for a duel. 204 Diary Of [London 28th. I carried Lord Clarendon through the City, amidst all the squibs and bacchanalia of the Lord Mayor's show, to the Royal Society, where he was proposed a member ; and then treated him at dinner. I went to St. Clement's, that pretty built and contrived church, where a young divine gave us an eloquent sermon on 1 Cor. vi. 20, inciting to gratitude and glorifying God for the fabric of our bodies and the dignity of our nature. 2nd November. A sudden change from temperate warm weather to an excessive cold rain, frost, snow, and storm, such as had seldom been known. This winter weather began as early and fierce as the past did late; till about Christmas there then had been hardly any winter. <\th. Dr. Turner, now translated from Rochester to Ely upon the death of Dr. Peter Gunning, preached before the King at Whitehall on Romans iii. 8, a very excellent sermon, vindicating the Church of England against the pernicious doctrines of the Church of Rome. He chal- lenged the producing but of five clergymen who forsook our Church and went over to that of Rome, during all the troubles and rebellion in England, which lasted near twenty years; and this was to my certain observation a great truth. 15th. Being the Queen's birth-day, there were fire- works on the Thames before Whitehall, with pageants of castles, forts, and other devices of girandolas, serpents, the King and Queen's arms and mottoes, all represented in fire, such as had not been seen here. But the most remarkable was the several fires and skirmishes in the very water, which actually moved a long way, burning under the water, now and then appearing above it, giving reports like muskets and cannon, with grenados and innumerable other devices. It is said it cost ;£ 1,500. It was con- cluded with a ball, where all the young ladies and gallants danced in the great hall. The court had not been so brave and rich in apparel since his Majesty's Restoration. 2oth. In the morning, Dr. Fiennes, son of the Lord Say and Seale, preached before the King on Joshua xxi. 11. yd December. I carried Mr. Justell and Mr. Slingsby (Master of the Mint), to see Mr. Sheldon's collection of medals. The series of Popes was rare, and so were several amongst the moderns, especially that of John Huss's mar- tyrdom at Constance; of the Roman Emperors, Consulars ; 1684] John Evelyn 205 some Greek, &c., in copper, gold, and silver; not many truly antique; a medallion of Otho Paulus ^milius, &c, ancient. They were held at a price of ^1,000; but not worth, I judge, above ^200. yth December. I went to see the new church at St. James's, elegantly built; the altar was especially adorned, the white marble enclosure curiously and richly carved, the flowers and garlands about the walls by Mr. Gibbons, in wood : a pelican with her young at her breast ; just over the altar in the carved compartment and border environing the purple velvet fringed with I. H. S. richly embroidered, and most noble plate, were given by Sir R. Geere, to the value (as was said) of 200I. There was no altar anywhere in England, nor has there been any abroad, more hand- somely adorned. ijth. Early in the morning I went into St. James's Park to see three Turkish, or Asian horses, newly brought over, and now first showed to his Majesty. There were four, but one of them died at sea, being three weeks coming from Hamburgh. They were taken from a Bashaw at the siege of Vienna, at the late famous raising that leaguer. I never beheld so delicate a creature as one of them was, of somewhat a bright bay, two white feet, a blaze ; such a head, eyes, ears, neck, breast, belly, haunches, legs, pasterns, and feet, in all regards, beau- tiful, and proportioned to admiration ; spirited, proud, nimble, making halt, turning with that swiftness, and in so small a compass, as was admirable. With all this so gentle and tractable as called to mind what I remember Busbequius speaks of them, to the reproach of our grooms in Europe, who bring up their horses so churlishly, as makes most of them retain their ill habits. They trotted like does, as if they did not feel the ground. Five hundred guineas was demanded for the first; 300 for the second ; and 200 for the third, which was brown. All of them were choicely shaped, but the two last not altogether so perfect as the first. It was judged by the spectators, among whom was the King, Prince of Denmark, Duke of York, and several of the Court, noble persons skilled in horses, especially Mon- sieur Faubert and his son (provost masters of the Academy, and esteemed of the best in Europe), that there were never seen any horses in these parts to be compared 206 Diary Of [London with them. Add to all this, the furniture, consisting of embroidery on the saddle, housings, quiver, bow, arrows, scymitar, sword, mace, or battle-axe, & la Turcisq; the Bashaw's velvet mantle furred with the most perfect ermine I ever beheld ; all which, iron-work in common furniture being here of silver, curiously wrought and double gilt, to an incredible value. Such and so extra- ordinary was the embroidery, that I never saw any thing approaching it. The reins and headstall were of crimson silk, covered with chains of silver gilt. There was also a Turkish royal standard of a horse's tail, together with all sorts of other caparisons belonging to a general's horse, by which one may estimate how gallantly and magnifi- cently those infidels appear in the field ; for nothing could be seen more glorious. The gentleman (a German) who rid the horse, was in all this garb. They were shod with iron made round and closed at the heel, with a hole in the middle about as wide as a shilling. The hoofs most entire. 18th December. I went with Lord Cornwallis to see the young gallants do their exercise, Mr. Faubert having newly railed in a manage, and fitted it for the academy. There were the Dukes of Norfolk and Northumberland, Lord Newburgh, and a nephew of (Duras) Earl of Fevers- ham. The exercises were, i, running at the ring; 2, fling- ing a javelin at a Moor's head; 3, discharging a pistol at a mark; lastly, taking up a gauntlet with the point of a sword ; all these performed in full speed. The Duke of Northumberland hardly missed of succeeding in every one, a dozen times, as I think. The Duke of Norfolk did exceeding bravely. Lords Newburgh and Duras seemed nothing so dexterous. Here I saw the difference of what the French call " bel hotnme & cheval," and " bon hcmm* h cheval;" the Duke of Norfolk being the first, that is rather a fine person on a horse, the Duke of Northumber- land being both in perfection, namely, a graceful person and an excellent rider. But the Duke of Norfolk told me he had not been at this exercise these twelve years before. There were in the field the Prince of Denmark, and the Lord Lansdovvne, son of the Earl of Bath, who had been made a Count of the Empire last summer for his service before Vienna. 20th. A villainous murder was perpetrated by Mr. St. i685i John Evelyn 207 John, eldest son to Sir Walter St. John, a worthy gentle- man, on a knight of quality, 1 in a tavern. The offender was sentenced and reprieved. So many horrid murders and duels were committed about this time as were never before heard of in England ; which gave much cause of complaint and murmurings. 1684-5. 1st January. It proved so sharp weather, and so long and cruel a frost, that the Thames was frozen across, but the frost was often dissolved, and then froze again. nth. A young man preached upon St. Luke xiii. 5, after the Presbyterian tedious method and repetition. 241/1. I dined at Lord Newport's, who has some excel- lent pictures, especially that of Sir Thomas Hanmer, by Vandyke, one of the best he ever painted; another of our English Dobson's painting; 2 but, above all, Christ in the Virgin's lap, by Poussin, an admirable piece; with some- thing of most other famous hands. 25th. Dr. Dove preached before the King. I saw this evening such a scene of profuse gaming, and the King in the midst of his three concubines, as I have never before seen — luxurious dallying and profaneness. 27th. I dined at Lord Sunderland's, being invited to hear that celebrated voice of Mr. Pordage, newly come from Rome ; his singing was after the Venetian recitative, as masterly as could be, and with an excellent voice both treble and bass ; Dr. Walgrave accompanied it with his theorbo lute, on which he performed beyond imagination, and is doubtless one of the greatest masters in Europe on that charming instrument. Pordage is a priest, as Mr. Bernard Howard told me in private. There was in the room where we dined, and in his bed- chamber, those incomparable pieces of Columbus, a Flagel- lation, the Grammar-school, the Venus and Adonis of Titian ; and of Vandyke's that picture of the late Earl of 1 Sir William Estcourt. The catastrophe arose from a sudden quarrel, and great doubts arose whether the offence was more than manslaughter ; but St. John was advised to plead guilty, and then had a pardon, for which he paid 1600/. Exactly 100 years before, one of his family had been tried for a similar offence and acquitted, but he was obliged to go abroad, though he was afterwards employed. Hist, of Surrey, iii. 330, App. cxx. 3 William Dobson, a clever portrait painter, who succeeded Van- dyke in the employments he held under Charles I. He died in 1646. 208 Diary Of [London Digby (father of the Countess of Sunderland), and Earl of Bedford, Sir Kenelm Digby, and two ladies of incompar- able performance; besides that of Moses and the burning bush of Bassano, and several other pieces of the best masters. A marble head of M. Brutus, &c. 28th January. I was invited to my Lord Arundel of Wardour (now newly released of his six years' confine- ment in the Tower on suspicion of the plot called Oates's Plot), where after dinner the same Mr. Pordage enter- tained us with his voice, that excellent and stupendous artist, Signor John Baptist, playing to it on the harpsi- chord. My daughter Mary being with us, she also sung to the great satisfaction of both the masters, and a world of people of quality present. She did so also at my Lord Rochester's the evening following, where we had the French boy so famed for his singing, and indeed he had a delicate voice, and had been well taught. I also heard Mrs. Packer (daughter to my old friend) sing before his Majesty and the Duke, privately, that stupendous bass, Gosling, accompanying her, but hers was so loud as took away much of the sweetness. Certainly never woman had a stronger or better ear, could she possibly have governed it. She would do rarely in a large church among the nuns. 4th February. I went to London, hearing his Majesty had been the Monday before (2nd February) surprised in his bed-chamber with an apoplectic fit, so that if, by God's providence, Dr. King (that excellent chirurgeon as well as physician) had not been accidentally present to let him blood (having his lancet in his pocket), his Majesty had certainly died that moment ; which might have been of direful consequence, there being nobody else present with the King save this Doctor and one more, as I am assured. It was a mark of the extraordinary dexterity, resolution, and presence of mind in the Doctor, to let him blood in the very paroxysm, without staying the coming of other physicians, which regularly should have been done, and for want of which he must have a regular pardon, as they tell mc 1 This rescued his Majesty for the instant, but it 1 Burnet tells us that the Privy Council approved of what he had done, and ordered hirn 1000/. , but it was never paid him. There are two good portraits of Dr. King engraved, in which the above-named instance of his skill and promptitude is noticed. i685i John Evelyn 209 was only a short reprieve. He still complained, and was relapsing, often fainting, with sometimes epileptic symp- toms, till Wednesday, for which he was cupped, let blood in both jugulars, and both vomit and purges, which so relieved him, that on Thursday hopes of recovery were signified in the public Gazette, but that day about noon, the physicians thought him feverish. This they seemed glad of, as being more easily allayed and methodically dealt with than his former fits ; so as they prescribed the famous Jesuit's powder; but it made him worse, and some very able doctors who were present did not think it a fever, but the effect of his frequent bleeding and other sharp operations used by them about his head, so that probably the powder might stop the circulation, and renew his former fits, which now made him very weak. Thus he passed Thursday night with great difficulty, when complaining of a pain in his side, they drew twelve ounces more of blood from him ; this was by six in the morning on Friday, and it gave him relief, but it did not continue, for being now in much pain, and struggling for breath, he lay dozing, and, after some conflicts, the physicians despairing of him, he gave up the ghost at half an hour after eleven in the morning, being the sixth of February, 1685, in the 36th year of his reign, and 54th of his age. Prayers were solemnly made in all the churches, espe- cially in both the Court Chapels, where the chaplains relieved one another every half quarter of an hour from the time he began to be in danger till he expired, according to the form prescribed in the Church-offices. Those who assisted his Majesty's devotions were, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of London, Durham, and Ely, but more especially Dr. Ken, the Bishop of Bath and Wells. 1 It is said they exceedingly urged the receiving 1 The account given of this by Charles's brother and successor, is, that when the King's life was wholly despaired of, and it was time to prepare for another world, two Bishops came to do their function, who reading the prayers appointed in the Common Prayer-Book on that occasion, when they came to the place where usually they exhort a sick person to make a confession of his sins, the Bishop of Bath and Wells, who was one of them, advertised him, It was not of obligation; and after a short exhortation, asked him if he was sorry for his sins? which the King saying he was, the Bishop pronounced the absolution, and then, asked him if he pleased to receive the Sacra- ment? to which the King made no reply; and being pressed by the 2IO Diary Of [London Holy Sacrament, but his Majesty told them he would con- sider of it, which he did so long- till it was too late. Others whispered that the Bishops and Lords, except the Earls of Bath and Feversham, being ordered to withdraw the night before, Huddleston, the priest, had presumed to administer the Popish offices. He gave his breeches and keys to the Duke, who was almost continually kneeling by his bed side, and in tears. He also recommended to him the care of his natural children, all except the Duke of Monmouth, now in Holland, and in his displeasure. He entreated the Queen to pardon him (not without cause) ; who a little before had sent a bishop to excuse her not more frequently visiting him, in regard of her excessive grief, and withal that his Majesty would forgive it if at any time she had offended him. He spake to the Duke to be kind to the Duchess of Cleveland, and especially Portsmouth, and that Nelly might not starve. Thus died King Charles II., of a vigorous and robust constitution, and in all appearance promising a long life. He was a prince of many virtues, and many great imper- fections ; debonaire, easy of access, not bloody nor cruel ; his countenance fierce, his voice great, proper of person, every motion became him ; a lover of the sea, and skilful in shipping ; not affecting other studies, yet he had a labora- tory, and knew of many empirical medicines, and the easier mechanical mathematics ; he loved lanting and build- ing, and brought in a politer way of living, which passed to luxury and intolerable expense. He had a particular talent in telling a story, and facetious passages, of which l3ishop several times, gave no other answer but that if was time enough, or that he would think of it. King James adds, that he stood all the while by the bed-side, and seeing the King would not receive the sacrament from them, and knowing his sentiments, he desired the company to stand a little from the .bed, and then asked the King whether he should send for a priest, to which the King replied, " For God's sake, brother, do, and lose no time." The Duke said he would bring one to him; but none could be found except father Huddleston, who had been so assistant in the King's escape from Worcester ; he was brought up a back stair- case, and the company were desired to withdraw, but he (the Duke of York) not thinking fit that he should be left alone with the King, desired the Earl of Bath, a Lord of the Bedchamber, and the Earl of Feversham, Captain of the Guard, should stay ; the rest being gone, father Huddleston was introduced, and administered the sacrament. — Life of James II. i685j John Evelyn 211 he had innumerable ; this made some buffoons and vicious wretches too presumptuous and familiar, not worthy the favour they abused. He took delight in having a number of little spaniels follow him and lie in his bed-chamber, where he often suffered the bitches to puppy and give suck, which rendered it very offensive, and indeed made the whole court nasty and stinking. He would doubtless have been an excellent prince, had he been less addicted to women, who made him uneasy, and always in want to supply their unmeasurable profusion, to the detriment of many indigent persons who had signally served both him and his father. He frequently and easily changed favour- ites to his great prejudice. As to other public transactions, and unhappy miscar- riages, 'tis not here I intend to number them ; but certainly never had King more glorious opportunities to have made himself, his people, and all Europe happy, and prevented innumerable mischiefs, had not his too easy nature resigned him to be managed by crafty men, and some abandoned and profane wretches who corrupted his otherwise suffi- cient parts, disciplined as he had been by many afflictions during his banishment, which gave him much experience and knowledge of men and things ; but those wicked crea- tures took him from off all application becoming so great, a King. The history of his reign will certainly be the most wonderful for the variety of matter and accidents, above any extant in former ages : the sad tragical death of his father, his banishment and hardships, his miraculous restoration, conspiracies against him, parliaments, wars, plagues, fires, comets, revolutions abroad happening in his time, with a thousand other particulars. He was ever kind to me, and very gracious upon all occasions, and therefore I cannot without ingratitude but deplore his loss, which for many respects, as well as duty, I do with all my soul. His Majesty being dead, the Duke, now King James II., went immediately to Council, and before entering into any business, passionately declaring his sorrow, told their Lordships, that since the succession had fallen to him, he would endeavour to follow the example of his predecessor in his clemency and tenderness to his people; that, how- ever he had been misrepresented as affecting arbitrary power, they should find the contrary; for that the laws of England had made the King as great a monarch as he 212 Diary Of [London could desire ; that he would endeavour to maintain the Government both in Church and State, as by law estab- lished, its principles being so firm for monarchy, and the members of it showing themselves so good and loyal subjects j 1 and that, as he would never depart from the just rights and prerogatives of the Crown, so he would never invade any man's property; but as he had often adventured his life in defence of the nation, so he would still proceed, and preserve it in all its lawful rights and liberties. 1 This is the substance (and very nearly the words employed) of what is stated by King James II. in the MS. printed in his life ; but in that MS. are some words which Evelyn has omitted. For example, after speaking of the members of the Church of England as good and ioyal subjects, the King adds, and therefore I shall always take care to defend and support it. James then goes on to say, that being desired by some present to allow copies to be taken, he said he had ;iot committed it to writing; on which Mr. Finch (then Soliciior- General and afterwards Earl of Aylesford) replied, that what his Majesty had said had made so deep an impression on him, that he Selieved he could repeat the very words, and if his Majesty would permit him, he would write them down ; which the King agreeing to, he went to a table and wrote them down, and this being shown to the King, he approved of it, and it was immediately published. The King afterwards proceeds to say : No one can wonder that Mr. Finch should word the speech as strong as he could in favour of the Established Religion, nor that the King in such a hurry should pass it over without reflection ; for though his Majesty intended to promise both security to their religion and protection to their persons, he was afterwards convinced it had been better expressed by assuring them he never would endeavour to alter the Established Religion, than that he would endeavour to preserve it, and that he would rather support and defend the professors of it, than the religion itself ; they could not expect he should make a conscience of supporting what in his conscience he thought erroneous : his engaging not to molest the professors of it, nor to deprive them or their successors of any spiritual dignity, revenue, or employment, but to suffer the ecclesi- astical affairs to go on in the track they were in, was all they could wish or desire from a Prince of a different persuasion ; but having once approved that way of expressing it which Mr. Finch had made choice of, he thought it necessary not to vary from it in the declar- ations or speeches he made afterwards, not doubting but the world would understand it in the meaning he intended. 'Tis true, after- wards it -was pretended he kept not up to this engagement ; but had they deviated no further from the duty and allegiance which both nature and repeated oath obliged them to, than he did from his word, the y had still remained as happy a people as they really were during his short reign in England." — Life of James the Second, ii. 435. The words printed in italics in this extract are from the interlineations of the son of King James the Second. x685i John Evelyn 213 This being the substance of what he said, the Lords desired it might be published, as containing matter of great satisfaction to a jealous people upon this change, which his Majesty consented to. Then were the Council sworn, and a Proclamation ordered to be published that all officers should continue in their stations, that there might be no failure of public justice, till his further pleasure should be known. Then the King rose, the Lords accompanying him to his bedchamber, where, whilst he reposed himself, tired indeed as he was with grief and watching, they returned again into the Council-chamber to take order for the proclaiming his Majesty, which (after some debate) they consented should be in the very form his grandfather, King James I., was, after the death of Queen Elizabeth; as likewise that the Lords, &c. , should proceed in their coaches through the city for the more solemnity of it. Upon this was I, and several other Gentle- men waiting in the Privy gallery, admitted into the Council-chamber to be witness of what was resolved on. Thence with the Lords, the Lord Marshal and Heralds, and other Crown-officers being ready, we first went to Whitehall-gate, where the Lords stood on foot bare- headed, whilst the Herald proclaimed his Majesty's title to the Imperial Crown and succession according to the form, the trumpets and kettle-drums having first sounded three times, which ended with the people's acclamations. Then a herald called the Lords' coaches according to rank, myself accompanying the solemnity in my Lord Corn- wallis's coach, first to Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor and his brethren met us on horseback, in all their formali- ties, and proclaimed the King ; hence to the Exchange in Cornhill, and so we returned in the order we set forth. Being come to Whitehall, we all went and kissed the King and Queen's hands. He had been on the bed, but was now risen and in his undress. The Queen was in bed in her apartment, but put forth her hand, seeming to be much afflicted, as I believe she was, having deported herself so decently upon all occasions since she came into England, which made her universally beloved. Thus concluded this sad and not joyful day. I can never forget the inexpressible luxury and profane- ness, gaming, and all dissoluteness, and as it were total forgetfulness of God (it being Sunday evening), which this 214 Diary Of [London day se'nnight I was witness of, the King sitting and toying with his concubines, Portsmouth, Cleveland, and Maza- rine, &c, a French boy singing love-songs, 1 in that glori- ous gallery, whilst about twenty of the great courtiers and other dissolute persons were at Basset round a large table, a bank of at least 2000 in gold before them ; upon which two gentlemen who were with me made reflections with astonishment. Six days after, was all in the dust. It was enjoined that those who put on mourning should wear it as for a father, in the most solemn manner. 10th February. Being sent to by the Sheriff of the County to appear and assist in proclaiming the King, I went the next day to Bromley, where I met the Sheriff and the Commander of the Kentish Troop, with an appearance, I suppose, of above 500 horse, and innumerable people, two of his Majesty's trumpets, and a Serjeant with other officers, who having drawn up the horse in a large field near the town, marched thence, with swords drawn, to the market-place, where, making a ring, after sound of trumpets and silence made, the High Sheriff read the pro- claiming titles to his bailiff, who repeated them aloud, and then, after many shouts of the people, his Majesty's health being drunk in a flint glass of a yard long, by the Sheriff, Commander, Officers, and chief Gentlemen, they all dis- persed, and I returned. 13th. I passed a fine on selling of Honson Grange in Staffordshire, being about ^20 per annum, which lying so great a distance, I thought fit to part with it to one Burton, a farmer there. It came to me as part of my daughter-in-law's portion, this being but a fourth part of what was divided between the mother and three sisters. 14th. The King was this night very obscurely buried 2 1 Ante, p. 208. * The reasons are stated in the Life of King James the Second. " The funeral could not be performed with so great solemnity as some persons expected, because his late Majesty dying in, and his present Majesty professing, a different religion from that of his people, it had been a difficult matter to reconcile the greater ceremonies which must have been performed according to the rites of the Church of England, with the obligation of not communicating with it in spiritual things ; to avoid, therefore, either disputes on the one hand, or scandal on the other, it was thought more prudent to do it in a more private manner ; though at the same time there was no circum- stance of state anH pomp omitted which possibly could be allowed X685] John Evelyn 215 in a vault under Henry the Seventh's Chape! at West- minster, without any manner of pomp, and soon forgotten after all this vanity, and the face of the whole Court was exceedingly changed into a more solemn and moral behaviour; the new King affecting neither profaneness nor buffoonery. All the great officers broke their staves over the grave, according to form. 15M February. Dr. Tenison preached to the House- hold. The second sermon should have been before the King ; but he, to the great grief of his subjects, did now, for the first time, go to mass publicly in the little Oratory at the Duke's lodgings, the doors being set wide open. 16th. I dined at Sir Robert Howard's, Auditor of the Exchequer, a gentleman pretending to all manner of arts and sciences, for which he had been the subject of comedy, under the name of Sir Positive; 1 not ill-natured, but in- sufferably boasting. He was son to the late Earl of Berk- shire. 17th. This morning his Majesty restored the staff and key to Lord Arlington, Chamberlain ; to Mr. Savell, Vice- chamberlain ; to Lords Newport and Maynard, Treasurer and Comptroller of the Household ; Lord Godolphin made Chamberlain to the Queen ; Lord Peterborough Groom of the Stole, in place of the Earl of Bath; the Treasurer's staff to the Earl of Rochester ; and his brother, the Earl of Clarendon, Lord Privy Seal, in the place of the Marquis of Halifax, who was made President of the Council ; the Secretaries of State remaining as before. igth. The Lord Treasurer and the other new Officers were sworn at the Chancery Bar and the Exchequer. The late King having the revenue of excise, customs, and other late duties granted for his life only, they were now farmed and let to several persons, upon an opinion that the late King might let them for three years after his decease ; some of the old Commissioners refused to act. The lease was made but the day before the King died ; 2 of. All the Privy Council, all the household, and all the Lords about town attended at the funeral." l Evelyn here means Sir Positive At-All, in Shadwell's comedy of the Sullen Lovers, which Pepys also tells us was meant for Sir Robert Howard, Dryden's brother-in-law. 3 James, in his Life, makes no mention of this lease, but only says he continued to collect them, which conduct was not blamed : but, on the contrary, he was thanked for it, in nn address from the Middle 2l6 Diary Of [London the major part of the Judges (but, as some think, not the best lawyers,) pronounced it legal, but four dissented. The Clerk of the Closet had shut up the late King's private oratory next the Privy-chamber above, but the King caused it to be opened again, and that prayers should be said as formerly. 22nd February. Several most useful Tracts against Dissenters, Papists, and Fanatics, and Resolutions of Cases were now published by the London Divines. 4th March. Ash- Wednesday. After evening prayers, 1 went to London. $th. To my grief, I saw the new pulpit set up in the Popish Oratory at Whitehall for the Lent preaching, mass being publicly said, and the Romanists swarming at Court with greater confidence than had ever been seen in Eng- land since the Reformation, so that everybody grew jealous as to what this would tend. A Parliament was now summoned, and great industry used to obtain elections which might promote the Court- interest, most of the Corporations being now, by their new charters, empowered to make what returns of members they pleased. There came over divers envoys and great persons to condole the death of the late King, who were received by the Queen-Dowager on a bed of mourning, the whole chamber, ceiling and floor, hung with black, and tapers were lighted, so as nothing could be more lugubrious and solemn. The Queen-Consort sate under a state on a black foot-cloth, to entertain the circle (as the Queen used to do), and that very decently. 6th. Lent Preachers continued as formerly in the Koyal Chapel. jth. My daughter, Mary, was taken with the small- pox, and there soon was found no hope of her recovery. A great affliction to me : but God's holy will be done ! 10th. She received the blessed Sacrament ; after which, disposing herself to suffer what God should determine to inflict, she bore the remainder of her sickness with! extraordinary patience and piety, and more than ordinary! resignation and blessed frame of mind. She died the 14th,] Ten pie, penned by Sir Bartholomew Shore, and presented by Sirl Humphrey Mackworth, carrying great authority with it; nor did I the Parliament find fault. i685] John Evelyn 217 to our unspeakable sorrow and affliction, and not to our's only, but that of all who knew her, who were many of the best quality, greatest and most virtuous persons. The just- ness of her stature, person, comeliness of countenance, gracefulness of motion, unaffected, though more than ordinary beautiful, were the least of her ornaments com- pared with those of her mind. Of early piety, singularly religious, spending a part of every day in private devotion, reading, and other virtuous exercises ; she had collected and written out many of the most useful and judicious periods of the books she read in a kind of common-place, as out of Dr. Hammond on the New Testament, and most of the best practical treatises. She had read and digested a considerable deal of history, and of places. The French tongue was as familiar to her as English ; she understood Italian, and was able to render a laudable account of what she read and observed, to which assisted a most faithful memory and discernment ; and she did make very prudent and discreet reflections upon what she had observed of the conversations among which she had at any time been, which being continually of persons of the best quality, she thereby improved. She had an excellent voice, to which she played a thorough-bass on the harpsichord, in both which she arrived to that perfection, that of the scholars of those two famous masters, Signors Pietro and Bartho- lomeo, she was esteemed the best ; for the sweetness of her voice and management of it added such an agreeableness to her countenance, without any constraint or concern, that when she sung, it was as charming to the eye as to the ear; this I rather note, because it was a universal remark, and for which so many noble and judicious persons in music desired to hear her, the last being at Lord Arundel's, of VVardour. What shall I say, or rather not say, of the cheerfulness and agreeableness of her humour? condescending to the meanest servant in the family, or others, she still kept up respect, without the least pride. She would often read to them, examine, instruct, and pray with them if they were sick, so as she was exceedingly beloved of everybody. Piety was so prevalent an ingredient in her constitution (as I may say), that even amongst equals and superiors she no sooner became intimately acquainted, but she would endeavour to improve them, by insinuating something reli- n"» H 2l8 Diary Of [London gious, and that tended to bring them to a love of devotion; she had one or two confidants with whom she used to pass whole days in fasting, reading, and prayers, especially before the monthly communion, and other solemn occa- sions. She abhorred flattery, and, though she had abund- ance of wit, the railiery was so innocent and ingenious that it was most agreeable; she sometimes would see a play, but since the stage grew licentious, expressed herself weary of them, and the time spent at the theatre was an unac- countable vanity. She never played at cards without extreme importunity and for the company ; but this was so very seldom, that I cannot, number it among anything she could name a fault. No one could read prose or verse better or with more judgment; and as she read, so she wrote, not only most correct orthography, with that maturity of judgment and exactness of the periods, choice of expressions, and famili- arity of style, that some letters of hers have astonished me and others, to whom she has occasionally written. She had a talent of rehearsing any comical part or poem, as to them she might be decently free with ; was more pleasing than heard on the theatre; she danced with the greatest grace 1 had ever seen, and so would her master say, who was Monsieur Isaac; but she seldom showed that perfec- tion, save in the gracefulness of her carriage, which was with an air of sprightly modesty not easily to be described. Nothing affected, but natural and easy as well in her deportment as in her discourse, which was always material, not trifling, and to which the extraordinary sweetness of her tone, even in familiar speaking, was very charming. Nothing was so pretty as her descending to play with little children, whom she would caress and humour with great delight. But she most affected to be with grave and sober men, of whom she might learn something, and improve herself. I have been assisted by her in reading and praying by me; comprehensive of uncommon notions, curious of knowing everything to some excess, had I not sometimes repressed it. Nothing was so delightful to her as to go into my Study, where she would willingly have spent whole days, for as I said she had read abundance of history, and all the best poets, even Terence, Plautus, Homer, Virgil, Horace, Ovid; all the best romances and modern poems; i68s] John Evelyn 219 she could compose happily, and put in pretty symbols, as in the Mundus Muliebris, wherein is an enumeration of the immense variety of the modes and ornaments belonging to the sex. But all these are vain trifles to the virtues which adorned her soul; she was sincerely religious, most dutiful to her parents, whom she loved with an affection tempered with great esteem, so as we were easy and free, and never were so well pleased as when she was with us, nor needed we other conversation ; she was kind to her sisters, and was still improving them by her constant course of piety. Oh, dear, sweet, and desirable child, how shall I part with all this goodness and virtue without the bitterness of sorrow and reluctancy of a tender parent ! Thy affection, duty, and love to me was that of a friend as well as a child. Nor less dear to thy mother, whose example and tender care of thee was unparalleled, nor was thy return to her less con- spicuous ; Oh ! how she mourns thy loss ! how desolate hast thou left us ! To the grave shall we both carry thy memory ! God alone (in whose bosom thou art at rest and happy !) give us to resign thee and all our contentments (for thou indeed wert all in this world) to His blessed pleasure I Let Him be glorified by our submission, and give us grace to bless Him for the graces he implanted in thee, thy virtuous life, pious and holy death, which is indeed the only comfort of our souls, hastening through the infinite love and mercy of the Lord Jesus to be shortly with thee, dear child, and with thee and those blessd saints like thee, glorify the Redeemer of the world to all eternity ! Amen. It was in the 19th year of her age that this sickness happened to her. An accident contributed to this disease ; she had an apprehension of it in particular, which struck her but two days before she came home, by an imprudent gentlewoman whom she went with Lady Falkland to visit, who, after they had been a good while in the house, told them she had a servant sick of the small-pox (who indeed died the next day) ; this my poor child acknowledged made an impression on her spirits. There were four gentlemen of quality offering to treat with me about marriage, and I freely gave her her own choice, knowing her discretion. She showed great indifference to marrying at all, for truly, says she to her mother (the other day), were I assured of your life and my dear father's, never would I part from 220 Diary Of [Sayes Court you; I love you and this home, where we serve God, above all things, nor ever shall I be so happy ; I know and con- sider the vicissitudes of the world, I have some experience of its vanities, and but for decency more than inclination, and that you judge it expedient for me, 1 would not charge my condition, but rather add the fortune you design me to my sisters, and keep up the reputation of our family. This was so discreetly and sincerely uttered that it could not but proceed from an extraordinary child, and one who loved her parents beyond example. At London, she took this fatal disease, and the occasion of her being there was this : my Lord Viscount Falkland's Lady having been our neighbour (as he was Treasurer of the Navy), she took so great an affection to my daughter, that when they went back in the autumn to the City, nothing would satisfy their incessant importunity but let- ting her accompany my Lady, and staying sometime with her; it was with the greatest reluctance I complied. Whilst she was there, my Lord being musical, when I saw my Lady would not part with her till Christmas, I was not unwilling she should improve the opportunity of learning of Signor Pietro, who had an admirable way both of composure and teaching. It was the end of February before I could prevail with my Lady to part with her; but my Lord going into Oxfordshire to stand for Knight of the Shire there, she expressed her wish to come home, being tired of the vain and empty conversation of the town, the theatres, the court, and trifling visits which consumed so much precious time, and made her sometimes miss of that regular course of piety that gave her the greatest satis- faction. She was weary of this life, and I think went not thrice to Court all this time, except when her mother or I carried her. She did not affect showing herself, she knew the Court well, and passed one summer in it at Windsor with Lady Tuke, one of the Queen's women of the bed- chamber (a most virtuous relation of hers) ; she was not fond of that glittering scene, now become abominably licentious, though there was a design of Lady Rochester and Lady Clarendon to have made her a maid of honour to the Queen as soon as there was a vacancy. But this she did not set her heart upon, nor indeed on anything so much as the service of God, a quiet and regular life, and how she might improve herself in the most necessary i68s] John Evelyn 221 accomplishments, and to which she was arrived at so great a measure. This is the little history and imperfect character of my dear child, whose piety, virtue, and incomparable endow- ments deserve a monument more durable than brass and marble. Precious is the memorial of the just. Much 1 could enlarge on every period of this hasty account, but that I ease and discharge my overcoming passion for the present, so many things worthy an excellent Christian and dutiful child crowding upon me. Never can I say enough, oh dear, my dear child, whose memory is so precious to me ! This dear child was born at VVotton, in the same house and chamber in which I first drew my breath, my wife having retired to my brother there in the great sickness that year upon the first of that month, and the very hour that I was born, upon the last : viz. October. 16th March. She was interred in the south-east end of the church at Deptford, near her grandmother and several of my younger children and relations. My desire was she should have been carried and laid among my own parents and relations at Wotton, where I desire to be interred myself, when God shall call me out of this uncertain transitory life, but some circumstances did not permit it. Our vicar, Dr. Holden, preached her funeral sermon on Phil. i. 21. " For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain," upon which he made an apposite discourse, as those who heard it assured me (for grief suffered me not to be present), concluding with a modest recital of her many virtues and signal piety, so as to draw both tears and admiration from the hearers. I was not altogether unwill- ing that something of this sort should be spoken, for the edification and encouragement of other young people. Divers noble persons honoured her funeral, some in per- son, others sending their coaches, of which there were six or seven with six horses, viz., the Countess of Sunderland, Earl of Clarendon, Lord Godolphin, Sir Stephen Fox, Sir William Godolphin, Viscount Falkland, and others. There were distributed amongst her friends about sixty rings. Thus lived, died, and was buried the joy of my life, and ornament of her sex and of my poor family ! God Almighty of His infinite mercy grant me the grace thankfully to resign myself and all T have, or had, to His divine pleasure, 222 Diary Of [Sayes Court and in His good time, restoring health and comfort to my family : "teach me so to number my days, that I may apply my heart to wisdom," be prepared for my dissolution, and that into the hands of my blessed Saviour I may recommend my spirit ! Amen ! On looking into her closet, it is incredible what a number of collections she had made from historians, poets, travellers, &c. , but, above all, devotions, contemplations, and resolutions on these contemplations, found under her hand in a book most methodically disposed ; prayers, medi« tations, and devotions on particular occasions, with many pretty letters to her confidants ; one to a divine (not named) to whom she writes that he would be her ghostly father, and would not despise her for her many errors and the imperfections of her youth, but beg of God to give her courage to acquaint him with all her faults, imploring his assistance and spiritual directions. I well remember she had often desired me to recommend her to such a person ; but I did not think fit to do it as yet, seeing her apt to be scrupulous, and knowing the great innocency and integ- rity of her life. It is astonishing how one who had acquired such sub- stantial and practical knowledge in other ornamental parts of education, especially music, both vocal and instrumental, in dancing, paying and receiving visits, and necessary con- versation, could accomplish half of what she has left; but, as she never affected play or cards, which consume a world of precious time, so she was in continual exercise, which yet abated nothing of her most agreeable conversation. But she was a little miracle while she lived, and so she died 1 26th March. I was invited to the funeral of Captain Gunman, that excellent pilot and seaman, who had behaved himself so gallantly in the Dutch war. He died of a gangrene, occasioned by his fall from the pier of Calais. This was the Captain of the yacht carrying the Duke (now King) to Scotland, and was accused for not giving timely warning when she split on the sands, where so many perished ; but I am most confident he was no ways guilty, either of negligence, or design, as he made appear not only at the examination of the matter of fact, but in the Vindica- tion he showed me, and which must needs give any man of reason satisfaction. He was a sober, frugal, cheerful, and temperate man ; we have few such seamen left. less] John Evelyn 223 ttth April. Being now somewhat composed after my great affliction, I went to London to hear Dr. Tenison (it being on a Wednesday in Lent) at Whitehall. I observed that though the King was not in his seat above in the chapel, the Doctor made his three congees, which they were not used to do when the late King was absent, making then one bowing only. I asked the reason ; it was said he had a special order so to do. The Princess of Denmark- was in the King's closet, but sate on the left hand of the chair, the Clerk of the Closet standing by his Majesty's chair, as if he had been present. I met the Queen-Dowager going now first from White- hall to dwell at Somerset-house. This day my brother of Wotton and Mr. Onslow were candidates for Surrey against Sir Adam Brown and my cousin Sir Edward Evelyn, and were circumvented in their election by a trick of the Sheriff's, 1 taking advantage of my brother's party going out of the small village of Leatherhead to seek shelter and lodging, the afternoon being tempestuous, proceeding to the election when they were gone ; they expecting the next morning ; whereas before and then they exceeded the other party by many hundreds, as I am assured. The Duke of Norfolk led Sir Edward Evelyn's and Sir Adam Brown's party. For this parliament, very mean and slight persons (some of them gentlemen's servants, clerks, and persons neither of reputa- tion nor interest) were set up ; but the county would choose my brother whether he would or no, and he missed it by the trick above-mentioned. Sir Adam Brown was so deaf, that he could not hear one word. Sir Edward Evelyn 2 was an honest gentleman, much in favour with his Majesty. 10th. I went early to Whitehall to hear Dr. Tillotson, Dean of Canterbury, preaching on Eccles. ix. 18. I returned in the evening, and visited Lady Tuke, and found with her Sir George Wakeman, the physician, whom 1 had seen tried and acquitted, 3 amongst the plotters 1 Mr. Samuel Lewen. His name does not appear in the History of Surrey among the land-owners of the county, but it is stated that in 1709 Sir William Lewen purchased the Rectory of Ewell, and that he was Lord Mayor of London in 17 17. * His seat was at Long Ditton, near Kingston, which town had surrendered its charter to King Charles II. about a month before his death. King James appointed Sir Edward Evelyn one of the new corporation. * Ante, p. 136. 224 Diary of [Londou for poisoning the late King, on the accusation of the famous Oates ; and surely I believed him guiltless. 141/1. According to my custom, I went to London to pass the holy week. iyth. Good-Friday. Dr. Tenison preached at the new church at St. James's, on 1 Cor. xvi. 22, upon the infinite love of God to us, which he illustrated in many instances. The Holy Sacrament followed, at which I participated. The Lord make me thankful ! In the afternoon, Dr. Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, preached in Whitehall chapel, the auditory very full of Lords, the two Archbishops, and many others, now drawn to town upon occasion of the coronation and ensuing parliament. I supped with the Countess of Sunderland and Lord Godolphin, and returned home. 23rd. Was the coronation of the King and Queen. The solemnity was magnificent as is set forth in print. 1 The Bishop of Ely preached; but, to the sorrow of the people, no Sacrament, as ought to have been. However, the King begins his reign with great expectations, and hopes of much reformation as to the late vices and profaneness of both Court and country. Having been present at the late King's coronation, I was not ambitious of seeing this ceremony. 3rd May. A young man preached, going chaplain with Sir J. Wiburn, Governor of Bombay, in the East Indies. 7th,. I was in Westminster Hall when Oates, who had made such a stir in the kingdom, on his revealing a plot of the Papists, and alarmed several parliaments, and had occasioned the execution of divers priests, noblemen, 2 &c. , was tried for perjury at the King's Bench; but, being very tedious, I did not endeavour to see the issue, considering that it would be published. Abundance of Roman Catholics were in the Hall in expectation of the most grateful conviction and ruin of a person who had been so obnoxious to them, and, as I verily believe, had done much mischief and great injury to several by his violent and ill-grounded proceedings; whilst he was at first so unreasonably blown up and encouraged, that his insolence was no longer sufferable. Mr. Roger L'Estrange (a gentleman whom I had long 1 By Francis Sanclford, illustrated with engravings, folio. * Ante, pp. 136 and 137. i685) John Evelyn 225 known, and a person of excellent parts, abating some affectations) appearing first against the Dissenters in several Tracts, had now for some years turned his style against those whom (by way of hateful distinction) they called Whigs and Trimmers, under the title of Observator, which came out three or four days every week, in which sheets, under pretence to serve the Church of England, he gave suspicion of gratifying another party, by several passages which rather kept up animosities than appeased them, especially now that nobody gave the least occasion. 1 10th. The Scots valuing themselves exceedingly to have been the first parliament called by his Majesty, gave the excise and customs to him and his successors for ever; the Duke of Queensberry making eloquent speeches, and especially minding them of a speedy suppression of those late desperate Field-Conventiclers who had done such unheard-of assassinations. In the meantime, elections for the ensuing parliament in England were thought to be very indirectly carried on in most places. God grant a better issue of it than some expect ! 16th. Oates was sentenced to be whipped and pilloried with the utmost severity. 21st. I dined at my Lord Privy Seal's with Sir William Dugdale, Garter King-at-Arms, author of the Monasiicon and other learned works ; he told me he was 82 years of age, and had his sight and memory perfect. 2 There was shown a draft of the exact shape and dimensions of the crown the Cjueen had been crowned withal, together with the jewels and pearls, their weight and value, which amounted to ^100,658 sterling, attested at the foot of the paper by the jeweller and goldsmith who set them. 22nd. In the morning, I went with a French gentle- man, and my Lord Privy Seal, to the House of Lords, where we were placed by his Lordship next the Bar, just below the Bishops, very commodiously both for hearing 1 In the first Dutch War, while Evelyn was one of the Commis- sioners for sick and wounded, L 'Estrange in his Gazette mentioned the barbarous usage of the Dutch prisoners of war : whereupon Evelyn wrote him a very spirited letter, desiring that the Dutch Ambassador (who was then in England) and his friends would visit the prisoners, and examine their provisions ; and he required L'Estrange to publish that vindication in his next number. ' Sir Isaac Heard, Garter King-at-Arms, who died in 1822, had similarly retained possession of his faculties to the great age of 92. II 22 » *rt 226 Diaiy Of [London and seeing. After a short space, came in the Queen and Princess of Denmark, and stood next above the Arch- bishops, at the side of the House on the right hand of the throne. In the interim, divers of the Lords, who had not finished before, took the test and usual oaths, so that her Majesty, the Spanish and other Ambassadors, who stood behind the throne, heard the Pope and the worship of the Virgin Mary, &c, renounced very decently, as likewise the prayers which followed, standing all the while. Then came in the King, the crown on his head, and being seated, the Commons were introduced, and the House being full, he drew forth a paper containing his speech, which he read distinctly enough, to this effect : " That he resolved to call a Parliament from the moment of his brother's decease, as the best means to settle all the con- cerns of the nation, so as to be most easy and happy to himself and his subjects ; that he would confirm whatever he had said in his declaration at the first Council concern- ing his opinion of the principles of the Church of England, for their loyalty, and would defend and support it, and preserve its government as by law now established ; that, as he would invade no man's property, so he would never depart from his own prerogative ; and, as he had ventured his life in defence of the nation, so he would proceed to do still ; that, having given this assurance of his care of our religion (his word was your religion) and property (which he had not said by chance, but solemnly), so he doubted not of suitable returns of his subjects' duty and kindness, especially as to settling his revenue for life, for the many weighty necessities of government, which he would not suffer to be precarious ; that some might possibly suggest that it were better to feed and supply him from time to time only, out of their inclination to frequent parliaments ; but that that would be a very improper method to take with him, since the best way to engage him to meet oftener would be always to use him well, and therefore he expected their compliance speedily, that this session being but short, they might meet again to satisfaction." At every period of this, the House gave loud shouts. Then he acquainted them with that morning's news of Argyle's being landed in the West Highlands of Scotland from Holland, and the treasonous Declaration he had published, which he would communicate to them, and that i6»5] John Evelyn 227 he should take the best care he could it should meet with the reward it deserved, not questioning the Parliament's zeal and readiness to assist him as he desired ; at which there followed another Vive le Roi, and so his Majesty retired. So soon as the Commons were returned and had put themselves into a grand committee, they immediately put the question, and unanimously voted the revenue to his Majesty for life. Mr. Seymour made a bold speech against many elections, and would have had those mem- bers who (he pretended) were obnoxious, to withdraw, till they had cleared the matter of their being legally returned ; but no one seconded him. The truth is, there were many of the new members whose elections and returns were universally censured, many of them being persons of no condition, or interest, in the nation, or places for which they served, especially in Devon, Cornwall, Norfolk, &c. , said to have been recommended by the Court, and from the effect of the new charters changing the electors. It was reported that Lord Bath carried down with him [into Cornwall] no fewer than fifteen charters, so that some called him the Prince Elector : whence Seymour told the House in his speech that if this was. digested, they might introduce what religion and laws they pleased, and that though he never gave heed to the fears and jealousies of the people before, he was now really apprehensive of Popery. By the printed list of members of 505, there did not appear to be above 135 who had been in former Par- liaments, especially that lately held at Oxford. In the Lords' House, Lord Newport made an exception against two or three young Peers, who wanted some months, and some only four or five days, of being of age. The Popish Lords, who had been sometime before released from their confinement about the plot, were now discharged of their impeachment, of which I gave Lord Arundel of Wardour joy. Oates, who had but two days before been pilloried at several places and whipped at the cart's tail from Newgate to Aldgate, was this day placed on a sledge, being not able to go by reason of so late scourging, and dragged from prison to Tyburn, and whipped again all the way, which some thought to be severe and extraordinary ; but, if he was guilty of the perjuries, and so of the death of many 228 Diary Of [London innocents, (as I fear he was,) his punishment was but what he deserved. I chanced to pass just as execution was doing on him. A strange revolution ! Note : there was no speech made by the Lord Keeper [Bridgman] after his Majesty, as usual. It was whispered he would not be long in that situation, and many believe the bold Chief Justice Jefferies, who was made Baron of Wem. in Shropshire, and who went thorough stitch in that tribunal, stands fair for that office. I gave him joy the morning before of his new honour, he having always been very civil to me. 24th May. We had hitherto not any rain for many months, so as the caterpillars had already devoured all the winter-fruit through the whole land, and even killed several greater old trees. Such two winters and summers I had never known. /\th June. Came to visit and take leave of me Sir Gabriel Sylvius, now going Envoy-extraordinary into Denmark, with his Secretary and Chaplain, a Frenchman, who related the miserable persecution of the Protestants in France; not above ten churches left them, and those also threatened to be demolished ; they were commanded to christen their children within twenty-four hours after birth, or else a Popish priest was to be called, and then the infant brought up in Popery. In some places, they were thirty leagues from any minister, or opportunity of worship. This persecution had displeased the most industrious part of the nation, and dispersed those into Switzerland, Bur- gundy, Holland, Germany, Denmark, England, and the Plantations. There were with Sir Gabriel, his lady, Sir William Godolphin and sisters, and my Lord Godolphin's little son, my charge. I brought them to the water-side where Sir Gabriel embarked, and the rest returned to London. 14th. There was now certain intelligence of the Duke of Monmouth landing at Lyme, in Dorsetshire, and of his having set up his standard as King of England. I pray God deliver us from the confusion which these beginnings threaten ! Such a dearth for want of rain was never in my memory. ! ijth. The Duke landed with but 150 men; but the whole kingdom was alarmed, fearing that the disaffected would join them, many of the trained bands flocking to 1685] John Evelyn 229 him. At his landing-, he published a Declaration, charging his Majesty with usurpation and several horrid crimes, on pretence of his own title, and offering to call a free Par- liamert. This declaration was ordered to be burnt by the hangman, the Duke proclaimed a traitor, and a reward of ^"5000 to any who should kill him. At :his time, the words engraved on the monument in Londcn, intimating that the Papists fired the City, were erasec and cut out. The exceeding drought still continues. 18th June. I received a warrant to send out a horse with twelve days' provisions, &c. 28th. We had now plentiful rain after two years' exces- sive d-ought and severe winters. Argyle taken in Scotland, and executed, and his party dispersed. 2nd July. No considerable account of the troops sent against the Duke, though great forces sent. There was a smart skirmish ; but he would not be provoked to come to an encounter, but still kept in the fastnesses. Dargerfield whipped, like Oates, for perjury. 8th. Came news of Monmouth's utter defeat, and the next cay of his being taken by Sir William Portman and Lord Lumley with the militia of their counties. It seems the H)rse, commanded by Lord Grey, being newly raised and undisciplined, were not to be brought in so short a time to endure the fire, which exposed the Foot to the King's, so as when Monmouth had led the Foot in great silence and order, thinking to surprise Lieutenant-General Lord 7eversham newly encamped, and given him a smart charge, interchanging both great and small shot, the Horse, breaking their own ranks, Monmouth gave it over, and fled with Grey, leaving their party to be cut in pieces to the number of 2000. The whole number reported to be above 8000; the King's but 2700. The slain were most of then M endip-miners , who did great execution with their tools, and sold their lives very dearly, whilst their leaders flying were pursued and taken the next morning, not far from one another. Monmouth had gone sixteen miles on foot, changing his habit for a poor coat, and was found by Lord Lumley in a dry ditch covered with fern-brakes, but w.thout sword, pistol, or any weapon, and so might have passed for some countryman, his beard being grown 23O Diary Of [London so long and so gray as hardly to be known, had not his George discovered him, which was found in his pocket, It is said he trembled exceedingly all over, not able to speak. Grey was taken not far from him. Most of his party were Anabaptists and poor cloth-workers of the country, no gentlemen of account being come in to him. The arch-boutefeu, Ferguson, Matthews, &c. , were not yet found. The ^5000 to be given to whoever should bring Monmouth in, was to be distributed among the militia by agreement between Sir William Portman and Lord Lumley. The battle ended, some words, first in jest, then in passion, passed between Sherrington Talbot (a worthy gentleman, son to Sir John Talbot, and who had behaved himself very handsomely) and one Captain Love, both commanders of the militia, as to whose soldiers fought best, both drawing their swords and passing at one another. Sherrington was wounded to death on the spot, to the great regret of those who knew him. He was Sir John's only son. gth July. Just as I was coming into the lodgings at Whitehall, a little before dinner, my Lord of Devonshire standing very near His Majesty's bedchamber-door in the lobby, came Colonel Culpeper, and in a rude manner look- ing at my Lord in the face, asked whether this was a time and place for excluders to appear; my Lord at first took little notice of what he said, knowing him to be a hot- headed fellow, but he reiterating it, my Lord asked Cul- peper whether he meant him ; he said yes, he meant his Lordship. My Lord told him he was no excluder (as in- deed he was not) ; the other affirming it again, my Lord told him he lied ; on which Culpeper struck him a box on the ear, which my Lord returned, and felled him. They were soon parted, Culpeper was seized, and his Majesty, who was all the while in his bedchamber, ordered him to be carried to the Green-Cloth Officer, who sent him to the Marshalsea, as he deserved. My Lord Devon had nothing said to him. I supped this night at Lambeth at my old friend's Mr. Elias Ashmole's, with my Lady Clarendon, the Bishop of St. Asaph, and Dr. Tenison, when we were treated at a great feast. joth. The Count of Castel Mellor, that great favourite and prime minister of Alphonso, late King of Portugal, i68«j] John Evelyn 231 after several years' banishment, being now received to grace and called home by Don Pedro, the present King, as having been found a person of the greatest integrity after all his sufferings, desired me to spend part of this day with him, and assist him in a collection of books and other curiosities, which he would carry with him into Portugal. Mr. Hussey, 1 a young gentleman who made love to my late dear child, but whom she could not bring herself to answer in affection, died now of the same cruel disease, for which I was extremely sorry, because he never enjoyed himself after my daughter's decease, nor was I averse to the match, could she have overcome her disinclination. 15th July. I went to see Dr. Tenison's library [in St. Martin's]. Monmouth was this day brought to London and exam- ined before the King, to whom he made great submission, acknowledged his seduction by Ferguson, the Scot, whom he named the bloody villain. He was sent to the Tower, had an interview with his late Duchess, whom he received coldly, having lived dishonestly with the Lady Henrietta Wentworth for two years. He obstinately asserted his conversation with that debauched woman to be no sin; whereupon, seeing he could not be persuaded to his last breath, the divines who were sent to assist him thought not fit to administer the Holy Communion to him. For the rest of his faults he professed great sorrow, and so died without any apparent fear. He would not make use of a cap or other circumstance, but lying down, bid the fellow to do his office better than to the late Lord Russell, and gave him gold ; but the wretch made five chops before he had his head off; which so incensed the people, that had he not been guarded and got away, they would have torn him to pieces. The Duke made no speech on the scaffold (which was on Tower-Hill), but gave a paper containing not above five or six lines, for the King, in which he disclaims all title to the Crown, acknowledges that the late King, his father, had indeed told him he was but his base son, and so desired his Majesty to be kind to his wife and children. This relation I had from Dr. Tenison (Rector of St. Martin's), 1 Son of Mr. Peter Hus»ey, of Sutton in Shere, Surrey. See ante, p. 55 and p. 16a. 232 Diary Of [London who, with the Bishops of Ely and Bath and Wells, were sent to him by his Majesty, and were at the execution. Thus ended this quondam Duke, darling of his father and the ladies, being extremely handsome and adroit ; an excellent soldier and dancer, a favourite of the people, of an easy nature, debauched by lust ; seduced by crafty knaves, who would have set him up only to make a pro- perty, and taken the opportunity of the King being of another religion, to gather a party of discontented men. He failed, and perished. He was a lovely person, had a virtuous and excellent lady that brought him great riches, and a second dukedom in Scotland. He was Master of the Horse, General of the King his father's army, Gentleman of the Bed-chamber, Knight of the Garter, Chancellor of Cambridge ; in a word, had accumulations without end. See what ambition and want of principles brought him to ! He was beheaded on Tuesday, 14th July. His mother, whose name was Bar- low, daughter of some very mean creatures, was a beau- tiful strumpet, whom I had often seen at Paris ; she died miserably without anything to bury her; yet this Perkin had been made to believe that the King had married her, a monstrous and ridiculous forgery ! And to satisfy the world of the iniquity of the report, the King his father (if his father he really was, for he most resembled one Sidney 1 who was familiar with his mother) publicly and most solemnly renounced it, to be so entered in the Council Book some years since, with all the Privy Councillors' attesta- tion. 3 1 Mr. Robert Sydney, commonly called handsome Sydney, related to the Earl of Leicester of that name. ' The. Life of James the Second contains an account of the circum- stances of the Duke of Monmouth's birth, which may be given in illustration of the statements of the text. Ross, tutor to the Duke of Monmouth, is there said to have proposed to Bishop Cosins to sign a certificate of the king's marriage to Mrs. Barlow, though her own name was Walters : but this the Bishop refused. She was born of a gentleman's family in Wales, but having little means and less grace, came to London to make her fortune. Algernon Sydney, then a Colonel in Cromwell's army, had agreed to give her fifty broad pieces (as he told the Duke of York) ; but being ordered hastily away with his regiment, he missed his bargain. She went into Holland, where she fell into the hands of his brother, Colonel Robert Sydney, who kept her for some time, till the king hearing of her, got her from him. On which the Colonel was heard to say, Let who wii! have her, she is already sped ; .md, after being with the king, the wai i68s] John Evelyn 233 Had it not pleased God to dissipate this attempt in the beginning, there would in all appearance have gathered an irresistible force which would have desperately proceeded to the ruin of the Church and Government; so general was the discontent and expectation of the opportunity. For my own part, I looked upon this deliverance as most signal. Such an inundation of fanatics and men of impious prin- ciples must needs have caused universal disorder, cruelty, injustice, rapine, sacrilege, and confusion, an unavoidable civil war, and misery without end. Blessed be God, the knot was happily broken, and a fair prospect of tranquillity for the future, if we reform, be thankful, and make a right use of this mercy ! 18th July. I went to see the muster of the six Scotch and English regiments whom the Prince of Orange had lately sent to his Majesty out of Holland upon this rebel- lion, but which were now returning, there having been no occasion for their use. They were all excellently clad and well disciplined, and were encamped on Blackheath with their tents : the King and Queen came to see them exer- cise, and the manner of their encampment, which was very neat and magnificent. By a gross mistake of the Secretary of his Majesty's Forces, it had been ordered that they should be quartered in private houses, contrary to an Act of Parliament, but, on my informing his Majesty timely of it, it was prevented. The two horsemen which my son and myself sent into the county-troops, were now come home, after a month's being out to our great charge. 20th. The Trinity-Company met this day, which should have been on the Monday after Trinity, but was put off by reason of the Royal Charter being so large, that it could not be ready before. Some immunities were superadded. Mr. Pepys, Secretary to the Admiralty, was a second time chosen Master. There were present the Duke of Grafton, Lord Dartmouth, Master of the Ordnance, the Commis- sioners of the Navy, and Brethren of the Corporation. We so soon with child, that the world had no cause to doubt whose child it was, and the rather that when he grew to be a man, he very much resembled the colonel both in stature and countenance, even to a wart on his face. However, the king owned the child. In the king's absence, she behaved so loosely, that on his return from his escape at Worcester he would have no further commerce with her, and she became a common prostitute at Paris. 234 Diary of [London went to church, according to custom, and then took barge to the Trinity-House, in London, where we had a great dinner, above eighty at one table. jth, August. I went to see Mr. Watts, keeper of the Apothecaries' garden of simples at Chelsea, where there is a collection of innumerable rarities of that sort particularly, besides many rare annuals, the tree bearing Jesuit's bark, which had done such wonders in quartan agues. What was very ingenious was the subterranean heat, conveyed by a stove under the conservatory, all vaulted with brick, so as he has the doors and windows open in the hardest frosts, secluding only the snow. 1 5th. Came to visit us Mr. Boscawen, with my Lord Godolphin's little son, with whose education hitherto his father had entrusted me. 2jih. My daughter Elizabeth died of the small-pox, soon after having married a young man, nephew of Sir John Tippett, Surveyor of the Navy, and one of the Com- missioners. The 30th, she was buried in the church at Deptford. Thus, in less than six months were we deprived of two children for our unworthiness and causes best known to God, whom 1 beseech from the bottom of my heart that He will give us grace to make that right use of all these chastisements, that we may become better, and entirely submit in all things to His infinite wise disposal. Amen ! 3rd September. Lord Clarendon (Lord Privy Seal) wrote to let me know that the King being pleased to send him Lord-Lieutenant into Ireland, was also pleased to nominate me one of the Commissioners to execute the office of Privy Seal during his Lieutenancy there, it behov- ing me to wait upon his Majesty to give him thanks for this great honour. $th. I accompanied his Lordship to Windsor (dining by the way of Sir Henry Capel's at Kew), where his Majesty receiving me with extraordinary kindness, I kissed his hand. I told him how sensible I was of his Majesty's gracious favour to me, that I would endeavour to serve him with all sincerity, diligence, and loyalty, not more out of my duty than inclination. He said he doubted not of it, and was glad he had the opportunity to show me the kind- ness he had for me. After this, came abundance of great men to e^ve me joy. 1685] John Evelyn 235 6th. Sunday. I went to prayer in the chapel, and heard Dr. Standish. The second sermon was preached by Dr. Creighton, on i Thess. iv. n, persuading to unity and peace, and to be mindful of our own business, according to the advice of the apostle. Then I went to hear a French- man who preached before the King and Queen in that splendid chapel next St. George's Hall. Their Majesties going to mass, I withdrew to consider the stupendous painting of the Hall, which, both for the art and invention, deserve the inscription in honour of the painter, Signor Verrio. The history is Edward the Third receiving the Black Prince, coming towards him in a Roman triumph. The whole roof is the history of St. George. The throne, the carvings, &c are incomparable, and I think equal to any, and in many circumstances exceeding any, I have seen abroad. I dined at Lord Sunderland's, with (amongst others) Sir William Soames, designed Ambassador to Constantinople. About 6 o'clock, came Sir Dudley and his brother Roger North, and brought the Great Seal from my Lord Keeper, who died the day before at his house in Oxfordshire. The King went immediately to council ; everybody guessing who was most likely to succeed this great officer ; most believing it could be no other than my Lord Chief Justice Jefferies, who had so vigorously prosecuted the late rebels, and was now gone the Western Circuit, to punish the rest that were »ecured in the several counties, and was now near upon his return. I took my leave of his Majesty, who spake very graciously to me, and supping that night at Sir Stephen Fox's, I promised to dine there the next day. 15th. I accompanied Mr. Pepys to Portsmouth, whither his Majesty was going the first time since his coming to the Crown, to see in what state the fortifica- tions were. We took coach and six horses, late after dinner, yet got to Bagshot 1 that night. Whilst supper was making ready I went and made a visit to Mrs. Graham, 2 some time Maid of Honour to the Queen Dowager, now wife to James Graham, Esq., of the privy purse to the King ; her house 3 being a walk in the forest, within a little quarter of a mile from Bagshot town. Very 1 A distance of 26 miles. S Miss Howard, see ante, p. 105. ** Bagshot Park. 236 Diary Of [Winchester importunate she was that I would sup, and abide there that night; but, being obliged by my companion, I returned to our inn, after she had showed me her house, which was very commodious, and well-furnished, as she was an excellent house-wife, a prudent and virtuous lady. There is a park full of red deer about it. Her eidest son was now sick there of the small-pox, but in a likely way of recovery, and other of her children run about, and among the infected, which she said she let them do on purpose that they might whilst young pass that fatal disease she fancied they were to undergo one time or other, and that this would be the best : fhe severity of this cruel distemper so lately in my poor family confirming much of what she affirmed. 16th September. The next morning, setting out early, we arrived soon enough at Winchester to wait on the King, who was lodged at the Dean's (Dr. Meggot). I found very few with him besides my Lords Feversham, Arran, Newport, and the Bishop of Bath and Wells. His Majesty was discoursing with the Bishops concerning miracles, and what strange things the Saludadors x would do in Spain, as by creeping into heated ovens without hurt, and that they had a black cross in the roof of their mouths, but yet were commonly notorious and profane wretches ; upon which his Majesty further said, that he was so extremely difficult of miracles, for fear of being imposed upon, that if he should chance to see one himself, without some other witness, he should apprehend it a delusion of his senses. Then they spake of the boy who was pretended to have a wanting leg restored him, so confidently asserted by Fr. l Evelyn subjoins this note : — " As to that of the Saludador (of which likewise 1 remember Sir Arthur llopton, formerly Ambassador at Madrid, had told me many like wonders), Mr. Pepys passing through Spain, and being extremely inquisitive of the truth of these pretended miracles of the Saludadors, found a very famous one at last, to whom he offered a considerable reward if he would make a trial of the oven, or any other thing of that kind, before him ; the fellow ingenuously told him, that finding he was a more than ordinary curious person, he would not deceive him, and so acknowledged that he could do none of the feats really, but that what they pretended was all a cheat, which he would easily discover, though the poor superstitious people were easily imposed upon ; yet have these impostors an allowance of the Bishops to practice their jugglings. This Mr. Pepys affirmed to me ; but, said he, I did not conceive it fit to interrupt bis Majesty, who «o solemnly told what they pretended to do. J. E." '68s] John Evelyn 237 de Santa Clara and others. To all which the Bishop added a great miracle happening in Winchester to his certain knowledge, of a poor miserably sick and decrepit child (as I remember long kept unbaptized), who, immedi- ately on his baptism, recovered ; as also of the salutary effect of King Charles his Majesty's father's blood, in heal- ing one that was blind. There was something said of the second sight 1 happen- ing to some persons, especially Scotch; upon which his Majesty, and I think Lord Arran, told us that Monsieur a French nobleman, lately here in England, seeing the late Duke of Monmouth come into the playhouse at London, suddenly cried out to somebody sitting in the same box, Voila Monsieur comme il entre sans tete ! After- wards his Majesty spoke of some relics that had effected strange cures, particularly a piece of our blessed Saviour's cross, that healed a gentleman's rotten nose by only touching. And speaking of the golden cross and chain taken out of the coffin of St. Edward the Confessor at Westminster, by one of the singing-men, who, as the scaffolds were taken down after his Majesty's coronation, espying a hole in the tomb, and something glisten, put his hand in, and brought it to the dean, and he to the King; his Majesty began to put the Bishop in mind how earnestly the late King (his brother) called upon him during his agony* to take out what he had in his pocket. I had thought, said the King, it had been for some keys, which might lead to some cabinet that his Majesty would have me secure ; but, says he, you well remember that I found nothing in any of his pockets but a cross of gold, and a few insignificant papers ; and thereupon he showed us the cross, and was pleased to put it into my hand. It was of gold, about three inches long, having on one side a crucifix enamelled and embossed, the rest was graved and gar- nished with goldsmiths' work, and two pretty broad table amethysts(as I conceived), and at the bottom a pendant pearl ; within was enchased a little fragment, as was thought, of the true cross, and a Latin inscription in gold and Roman Letters. 2 More company coming in, this dis- 1 Several very curious letters on this subject are printed in Pefys' Diary, edited by Lord Braybrooke, published by Mr. Bohn. 2 There is a pamphlet giving an account of this finding and present- ing to the King, under the name of George Taylour ; but the writer'i name was Henry Keepe. See Gough's Topography. 238 Diary Of [Portsmouth course ended. I may not forget a resolution which his Majesty made, and had a little before entered upon it at the Council Board at Windsor or Whitehall, that the negroes in the Plantations should all be baptized, exceed- ingly declaiming against that impiety of their masters pro- hibiting it, out of a mistaken opinion that they would be ipso facto free ; but his Majesty persists in his resolution to have them christened, which piety the Bishop blessed him for. I went out to see the new palace the late King had begun, and brought almost to the covering. It is placed on the side of the hill, where formerly stood the old Castle. It is a stately fabric, of three sides and a corridor, all built of brick, and cornished, windows and columns at the break and entrance of free-stone. 1 It was intended for a hunting- house when his Majesty should come to these parts, and has an incomparable prospect. I believe there had already been ^20,000 and more expended ; but his now Majesty did not seem to encourage the finishing it at least for a while. Hence to see the Cathedral, a reverend pile, and in good repair. There are still the coffins of the six Saxon Kings v whose bones had been scattered by the sacrilegious rebels of 1641, in expectation, I suppose, of finding some valuable relics, and afterwards gathered up again and put into new chests, which stand above the stalls of the choir. lyth September. E%rly next morning, we went to Ports- mouth, something before his Majesty arrived. We found all the road full of people, the women in their best dress, 1 The first stone of this palace was laid by March 23, 1683, by King Charles in person, who, during the remainder of his reign, spent most of his time at Winchester, for the purpose of inspecting and forward- ing the work. Upon Charles's death, an immediate stop was put to the building by James II. It was equally neglected by King William ; but Queen Anne, after surveying it herself, intended to complete it in favour of her husband, George, Prince of Denmark, upon whom it was settled, had he lived until she could afford the sums necessary for this purpose. The first public use to which it appears to have been applied, was that of a place of confinement for French prisoners in the war of 1756, during which 5,000 of them, at a time, were occasionally detained in it. In the year 179a, it was occupied by a certain number of French clergy banished from their native soil ; and, in 1796, it was fitted up as barraiki for the residence of troops, to which purpose it was for many year* applied. .68si John Evelyn 239 in expectation of seeing the King pass by, which he did, riding on horseback a good part of the way. The Mayor and Aldermen with their mace, and in their formalities, were standing at the entrance of the fort, a mile on this side of the town, where the Mayor made a speech to the King, and then the guns of the fort were fired, as were those of the garrison, as soon as the King was come into Portsmouth. All the soldiers (near 3,000) were drawn up, and lining the streets and platform to God's-house (the name of the Governor's residence), where, after he had viewed the new fortifications and ship-yard, his Majesty was entertained at a magnificent dinner by Sir Slingsby, the Lieutenant-Governor, all the gentlemen in his train sitting down at table with him, which I also had done had I not been before engaged to Sir Robert Holmes, Governor of the Isle of Wight, to dine with him at a private house, where likewise we had a very sumptuous and plentiful repast of excellent venison, fowl, fish, and fruit. After dinner, 1 went to wait on his Majesty again, who was pulling on his boots in the Town-hall adjoining the house where he dined, and then having saluted some ladies, who came to kiss his hand, he took horse for Winchester, whither he returned that night. This hall is artificially hung round with arms of all sorts, like the hall and keep at Windsor. Hence, to see the ship-yard and dock, the for- tifications, and other things. Portsmouth, when finished, will be very strong, and a noble quay. There were now thirty-two men-of-war in the harbour. I was invited by Sir R. Beach, the Commis- sioner, where, after a great supper, Mr. Secretary and myself lay that night, and the next morning set out for Guildford, where we arrived in good hour, and so the day after to London. I had twice before been at Portsmouth, the Isle of Wight, &c, many years since. I found this part of Hampshire bravely wooded, especially about the house and estate of Colonel Norton, who though now in being, having formerly made his peace by means of Colonel Legg, was formerly a very fierce commander in the first Rebel- lion. His house is large, and standing low, on the road from Winchester to Portsmouth. By what I observed in this journey, is that infinite 240 Diary Of [London industry, sedulity, gravity, and great understanding and experience of affairs, in his Majesty, that I cannot but predict much happiness to the nation, as to its political government; and, if he so persist, there could be nothing more desired to accomplish our prosperity, but that he was of the national religion. 30M September. Lord Clarendon's commission foi Lieutenant of Ireland was sealed this day. 2nd October. Having a letter sent me by Mr. Pepys with this expression at the foot of it, "I have something to show you that I may not have another time," and that I would not fail to dine with him, I accordingly went. After dinner, he had me and Mr. Houblon (a rich and con- siderable merchant, whose father had fled out of Flanders on the persecution of the Duke of Alva) into a private room, and told us that being lately alone with his Majesty, and upon some occasion of speaking concerning my late Lord Arlington dying a Roman Catholic, who had all along seemed to profess himself a Protestant, taken all the tests, &c, till the day (I think) of his death, his Majesty said that as to his inclinations he had known them long wavering, but from fear of losing his places, he did not think it convenient to declare himself. There are, says the King, those who believe the Church of Rome gives dis- pensations for going to church, and many like things, but that is not so; for if that might have been had, he himself had most reason to make use of it. Indeed, he said, as to some matrimonial cases, there are now and then dispensa- tions, but hardly in any cases else. This familiar discourse encouraged Mr. Pepys to beg of his Majesty, if he might ask it without offence, and for that his Majesty could not but observe how it was whispered among many whether his late Majesty had been reconciled to the Church of Rome; he again humbly besought his Majesty to pardon his presumption, if he had touched upon a thing which did not befit him to look into. The King ingenuously told him that he both was and died a Roman Catholic, and that he had not long since declared it was upon some politic and state reasons, best known to himself (meaning the King his brother), but that he was of that persuasion : he bid him follow him into his closet, where opening a cabinet, he showed him two papers, containing about a quarter of a sheet, on both sides written, in the late i<555i John Evelyn 241 King's own hand, several arguments opposite to the doc- trine of the Church of England, charging her with heresy, novelty, and the fanaticism of other Protestants, the chief whereof was, as I remember, our refusing to acknowledge the primacy and infallibility of the Church of Rome; how impossible it was that so many ages should never dispute it, till of late; how unlikely our Saviour would leave his Church without a visible Head and guide to resort to, during his absence; with the like usual topic; so well penned as to the discourse as did by no means seem to me to have been put together by the late King, yet written all with his own hand, blotted and interlined, so as, if indeed it was not given him by some priest, they might be such arguments and reasons as had been inculcated from time to time, and here recollected ; and, in the conclusion, show- ing his looking on the Protestant religion (and by name the Church of England) to be without foundation, and con- sequently false and unsafe. When his Majesty had shown him these originals, he was pleased to lend him the copies of these two papers, attested at the bottom in four or five lines under his own hand. These were the papers I saw and read. This nice and curious passage I thought fit to set down. Though all the arguments and objections were altogether weak, and have a thousand times been answered by our divines ; they are such as their priests insinuate among their proselytes, as if nothing were Catholic but the Church of Rome, nc salvation out of that, no reformation sufferable, bottoming all their errors on St. Peter's successors' unerrable dic- tatorship, but proving nothing with any reason, or taking notice of any objection which could be made against it. Here all was taken for granted, and upon it a resolution and preference implied. I was heartily sorry to see all this, though it was no other than was to be suspected, by his late Majesty's too great indifference, neglect, and course of life, that he had been perverted, and for secular respects only professed to be of another belief, and thereby giving great advantage to our adversaries, both the Court and generally the youth and great persons of the nation becoming dissolute and highly profane. God was incensed to make his reign very trouble- some and unprosperous, by wars, plagues, fires, loss of reputation by an universal neglect of the public for the love 242 Diary Of [London of a voluptuous and sensual life, which a vicious Court had brought into credit. I think of it with sorrow and pity, when 1 consider how good and debonair a nature that unhappy Prince was ; what opportunities he had to have made himself the most renowned King that ever swayed the British sceptre, had he been firm to that Church for which his martyred and blessed father suffered ; and had he been grateful to Almighty God, who so miraculously restored him, with so excellent a religion ; had he endeav- oured to own and propagate it as he should have done, not only for the good of his Kingdom, but of all the Reformed Churches in Christendom, now weakened and near ruined through our remissness and suffering them to be sup- planted, persecuted, and destroyed, as in France, which we took no notice of. The consequence of this, time will show, and I wish it may proceed no further. The emis- saries and instruments of the Church of Rome will never rest till they have crushed the Church of England, as knowing that alone to be able to cope with them, and that they can never answer her fairly, but lie abundantly open to the irresistible force of her arguments, antiquity and purity of her doctrine, so that albeit it may move God, for the punishment of a nation so unworthy, to eclipse again the profession of her here, and darkness and superstition prevail, I am most confident the doctrine of the Church of England will never be extinguished, but remain visible, if not eminent, to the consummation of the world. I have innumerable reasons that confirm me in this opinion, which I forbear to mention here. In the mean time, as to the discourse of his Majesty with Mr. Pepys, and those papers, as I do exceedingly prefer his Majesty's free and ingenuous profession of what his own religion is, beyond concealment upon any politic accounts, so I think him of a most sincere and honest nature, one on whose word one may rely, and that he makes a conscience of what he promises, to perform it. In this confidence, I hope that the Church of England may yet subsist, and when it shall please God to open his eyes and turn his heart (for that is peculiarly in the Lord's hands) to flourish also. In all events, whatever do be- come of the Church of England, it is certainly, of all the Christian professions on the earth, the most primitive, apostolical, and excellent. i68s] John Evelyn 243 8th October. I had my picture drawn this week by the famous Kneller. 1 14th. I went to London about finishing my lodgings at Whitehall. 15th. Being- the King's birth-day, there was a solemn ball at Court, and before it music of instruments and voices. I happened by accident to stand the very next to the Queen and the King, who talked with me about the music. 18th. The King was now building all that range from east to west by the court and garden to the street, and making a new chapel for the Queen, whose lodgings were to be in this new building, as also a new Council-chamber and offices next the south end of the Banqueting-house. I returned home, next morning, to London. 22nd. I accompanied my Lady Clarendon to her house at Swallowfield, 2 in Berks, dining by the way at Mr. Graham's lodge at Bagshot; 3 the house, new repaired and capacious enough for a good family, stands in a park. Hence, we went to Swallowfield ; this house is after the ancient building of honourable gentlemen's houses, when they kept up ancient hospitality, but the gardens and waters as elegant as it is possible to make a flat by art and industry, and no mean expense, my lady being so extraordinarily skilled in the flowery part, and my lord, in diligence of planting ; so that I have hardly seen a seat which shows more tokens of it than what is to be found here, not only in the delicious and rarest fruits of a garden, but in those innumerable timber trees in the ground about the seat, to the greatest ornament and benefit of the place. There is one orchard of iooo golden, and other cider pip- pins ; walks and groves of elms, limes, oaks, and other trees. The garden is so beset with all manner of sweet shrubs, that it perfumes the air. The distribution also 1 An engraving from this portrait, now at Wotton, has been published in various editions of his works. ' Sir William Backhouse died seised of the manor of Swallowfield, in 1669. His widow, daughter and heiress of Mr. William Backhouse, married Henry, Earl of Clarendon, who became possessed of this estate. The celebrated Lord Chancellor resided at his son's house at Swallowfield after his retirement from public life, and there wrote portions of his History of the Rebellion, « Ante, p. 335. 244 Diary Of [Loudon of the quarters, walks, and parterres, is excellent. The nurseries, kitchen-garden full of the most desirable plants ; two very noble orangeries well furnished; but, above all. the canal and fish ponds, the one fed with a white, the other with a black running water, fed by a quick and swift river, so well and plentifully stored with fish, that for pike, carp, bream, and tench, I never saw anything approaching it. We had at every meal carp and pike of a size fit for the table of a Prince, and what added to the delight was, to see the hundreds taken by the drag, out of which, the cook standing by, we pointed out what we had most mind to, and had carp that would have been worth at London twenty shillings a-piece. The waters are flagged about with Calamus aromaticus, with which my lady has hung a closet, that retains the smell very per- fectly. There is also a certain sweet willow and other exotics : also a very fine bowling-green, meadow, pasture, and wood ; in a word, all that can render a country-seat delightful. There is besides a well-furnished library in the house. 26th October. We returned to London, having been treated with all sorts of cheer and noble freedom by that most religious and virtuous lady. She was now preparing to go for Ireland with her husband, made Lord-Deputy, and went to this country-house and ancient seat of her father and family, to set things in order during her absence ; but never were good people and neighbours more concerned than all the country (the poor especially) for the departure of this charitable woman; every one was in tears, and she as unwilling to part from them. There was amongst them a maiden of primitive life, the daughter of a poor labouring man, who had sustained her parents (some time since dead) by her labour, and has for many years refused marriage, or to receive any assistance from the parish, besides the little hermitage my lady gives her rent-free; she live9 on fourpence a-day, which she gets by spinning ; says she abounds and can give alms to] others, living in great humility and content, without any apparent affectation, or singularity; she is continually working, praying, or reading, gives a good account of her knowledge in religion, visits the sick; is not in the least) given to talk; very modest, of a simple not unseemly behaviour; of a comely countenance, clad very plain, but i68s] John Evelyn 245 clean and tight. In sum, she appears a saint of an extra- ordinary sort, in so religious a life, as is seldom met with in villages now-a-days. 2gth October. I was invited to dine at Sir Stephen Fox's with my Lord Lieutenant, where was such a dinner for variety of all things as I had seldom seen, and it was so for the trial of a master-cook whom Sir Stephen had recommended to go with his Lordship into Ireland; there were all the dainties not only of the season, but of what art could add, venison, plain solid meat, fowl, baked and boiled meats, banquet [dessert], in exceeding plenty, and exquisitely dressed. There also dined my Lord Ossory and Lady (the Duke of Beaufort's daughter), my Lady Trea- surer, Lord Cornbury, and other visitors. 28th [^oth?]. At the Royal Society, an urn full of bones was presented, dug up in a highway, whilst repairing it, in a field in Camberwell, in Surrey; it was found entire with its cover, amongst many others, believed to be truly Roman and ancient. Sir Richard Bulkeley described to us a model of a chariot he had invented, which it was not possible to over- throw in whatever uneven way it was drawn, giving us a wonderful relation of what it had performed in that kind, for ease, expedition, and safety ; there were some incon- veniences yet to be remedied — it would not contain more than one person ; was ready to take fire every ten miles ; and being placed and playing on no fewer than ten rollers, it made a most prodigious noise, almost intolerable. A remedy was to be sought for these inconveniences. 31s*. I dined at our great Lord Chancellor Jefferies, who used me with much respect. This was the late Chief Justice who had newly been the Western Circuit to try the Monmouth conspirators, and had formerly done such severe justice amongst the obnoxious in Westminster Hall, for which his Majesty dignified him by creating him first a Baron, and now Lord Chancellor. He had some years past been conversant in Deptford ; is of an assured and undaunted spirit, and has served the Court-interest on all the hardiest occasions ; is of nature cruel, and a slave of the Court. 3rd November. The French persecution of the Pro- testants raging with the utmost barbarity, exceeded even what the very heathens used : innumerable persons of the 246 Diary Of [London greatest birth and riches leaving all their earthly substance, and hardly escaping with their lives, dispersed through all the countries of Europe. The French tyrant abrogated the Edict of Nantes which had been made in favour of them, and without any cause; on a sudden demolishing all their churches, banishing, imprisoning, and sending to the galleys all the ministers ; plundering the common people, and exposing them to all sorts of barbarous usage by soldiers sent to ruin and prey on them ; taking away their children ; forcing people to the Mass, and then execut- ing them as relapsers; they burnt their libraries, pillaged their goods, eat up their fields and substance, banished or sent the people to the galleys, and seized on their estates. There had now been numbered to pass through Geneva only (and that by stealth, for all the usual passages were strictly guarded by sea and land) 40,000 towards Switzer- land. In Holland, Denmark, and all about Germany, were dispersed some hundred thousands ; besides those in Eng- land, where, though multitudes of all degree sought for shelter and welcome as distressed Christians and confes- sors, they found least encouragement, by a fatality of the times we were fallen into, and the uncharitable indifference of such as should have embraced them; and I pray it be not laid to our charge. The famous Claude x fled to Holland ; Allix 2 and several more came to London, and I persons of great estates came over, who had forsaken all. France was almost dispeopled, the bankers so broken, that the tyrant's revenue was exceedingly diminished, manu- factures ceased, and everybody there, save the Jesuits, abhorred what was done, nor did the Papists themselves approve it. What the further intention is, time will show; but doubtless portending some revolution. 1 John Claude, a celebrated French Protestant Minister, and a dis-1 tinguished controversial writer ; who, at the revocation of the Edict! of Nantes, was ordered to quit France in four-and-twenty hours. Onq of his books was burned, by the direction of James II., by the hangJ man, in the Old Exchange, on May 5th, 1686. He died the following! year. 2 Mr. Peter Allix, a minister of the Reformed Church at Charenton.J came over with his whole family, and met with great encouragement! here. lie was the author of several learned discourses in defence of' Protestantism. His eldest son, John Peter Allix, became a Doctor ofl Divinity, and, after passing through different preferments, was in 1730J made Dean of Ely, died in 1758, and was buried in his church ofl Castle Camps in Cambridgeshire. 1685] John Evelyn 247 1 was showed the harangue which the Bishop of Vatentia on Rhone made in the name of the Clergy, celebrating the French King, as if he. was a God, for persecuting the poor Protestants, with this expression in it, " That as his victory over heresy was greater than all the conquests of Alexander and Caesar, it was but what was wished in Eng- land ; and that God seemed to raise the French King to this power and magnanimous action, that he might be in capacity to assist in doing the same here." This paragraph is very bold and remarkable; several reflecting on Arch- bishop Usher's prophecy as now begun in France, and approaching the orthodox in all other reformed churches. One thing was much taken notice of, that the Gazettes which were still constantly printed twice a week, informing us what was done all over Europe, never spake of this wonderful proceeding in France; nor was any relation of it published by any, save what private letters and the perse- cuted fugitives brought. Whence this silence, 1 list not to conjecture ; but it appeared very extraordinary in a Pro- testant country that we should know nothing of what Pro- testants suffered, whilst great collections were made for them in foreign places, more hospitable and Christian to appearance. $th November. It being an extraordinary wet morning, and myself indisposed by a very great rheum, I did not go to church, to my very great sorrow, it being the first Gunpowder Conspiracy anniversary that had been kept now these eighty years under a prince of the Roman religion. Bonfires were forbidden on this day ; what does this portend I qth. Began the Parliament. The King in his speech required continuance of a standing force instead of a militia, and indemnity and dispensation to Popish officers from the Test ; demands very unexpected and unpleasing to the Commons. He also required a supply of revenue, which they granted ; but returned no thanks to the King for his speech, till farther consideration. 12th. The Commons postponed finishing the bill for the Supply, to consider the Test, and Popish officers ; this was carried but by one voice. 14th. I dined at Lambeth, my Lord Archbishop carry- ing me with him in his barge; there were my Lord Deputy of Ireland, the Bishops of Ely and St. Asaph, Dr. Sher- 248 Diary 01 lock, and other divines ; Sir William Hayward, Sir Paul Rycaut, &c. 20th. The Parliament was adjourned to February, several both of Lords and Commons excepting against some passage of his Majesty's speech rein ting to the Test, and continuance of Popish officers in command. This was a great surprise in a parliament which people believed would have complied in all things. Popish pamphlets and pictures sold publicly ; no books nor answers to them appearing till long after. 21st. I resigned my trust for composing a difference between Mr. Thynn and his wife. 22nd. Hitherto was a very wet warm season. 4th December. Lord Sunderland was declared President of the Council, and yet to hold his Secretary's place. The forces disposed into several quarters through the kingdom are very insolent, on which are great complaints. Lord Brandon, tried for the late conspiracy, was con-j demned and pardoned ; so was Lord Grey, his accuser and witness. Persecution in France raging, the French insolently visit! our vessels, and take away the fugitive Protestants; some escape in barrels. iot/i. To Greenwich, being put into the new Commis- sion of Sewers. 13th. Dr. Patrick, Dean of Peterborough, preached al Whitehall, before the Princess of Denmark; who, since his Majesty came to the Crown, always sat in the King'al closet, and had the same bowings and ceremonies applied] to the place where she was, as his Majesty had when the in person. Dining at Mr. Pepys's, Dr. Slayer showed us an expe ment of a wonderful nature, pouring first a very cold liqu into a glass, and super-fusing on it another, to appearan cold and clear liquor also; it first produced a white cloudJ then boiling, divers coruscations and actual flames of fird mingled with the liquor, which being a little shaken tol gether, fixed divers suns and stars of real fire, perfect Ijj globular, on the sides of the glass, and which there stucfl like so many constellations, burning most vehemently, and resembling stars and heavenly bodies, and that for a lonJ space. It seemed to exhibit a theory of the education ol light out of the chaos, and the fixing or gathering of thJ , i685i John Evelyn 249 universal light into luminous bodies. This matter, or phosphorus, was made out of human blood and urine, elucidating the vital flame, or heat, in animal bodies. A very noble experiment 1 16th December. I accompanied my Lord Lieutenant as far as St. Alban's, there going out of town with him near 200 coaches of all the great officers and nobility. The next morning taking leave, I returned to London. 18th. I dined at the great entertainment his Majesty gave the Venetian Ambassadors, Signors Zenno and Jus- tiniani, accompanied with ten more noble Venetians of their most illustrious families, Cornaro, Maccenigo, &c. , who came to congratulate their Majesties coming to the Crown. The dinner was most magnificent and plentiful, at four tables, with music, kettle-drums, and trumpets, which sounded upon a whistle at every health. The ban- quet [dessert] was twelve vast chargers piled up so high that those who sat one against another could hardly see each other. Of these sweetmeats, which doubtless were some days piling up in that exquisite manner, the Ambas- sadors touched not, but leaving them to the spectators who came out of curiosity to see the dinner, were exceedingly pleased to see in what a moment of time all that curious work was demolished, the comfitures voided, and the tables cleared. Thus his Majesty entertained them three days, which (for the table only) cost him ^600, as the Clerk of the Green Cloth (Sir William Boreman) assured me. Dinner ended, I saw their procession, or cavalcade, to Whitehall, innumerable coaches attending. The two Ambassadors had four coaches of their own, and fifty foot- men (as I remember), besides other equipage as splendid as the occasion would permit, the Court being still in mourning. Thence, I went to the audience which they had in the Queen's presence-chamber, the Banqueting-house being full of goods and furniture till the galleries on the garden-side, council-chamber, and new chapel, now in building, were finished. They went to their audience in those plain black gowns and caps which they constantly wear in the city of Venice. I was invited to have accom- panied the two Ambassadors in their coach to supper that night, returning now to their own lodgings, as no longer at the King's expense ; but, being weary, I excused myself. igth. My Lord Treasurer made me dine with him, TT 22T I 25O Diary Of [London where I became acquainted with Monsieur Barillon, the French Ambassador, a learned and crafty advocate. 20th. Dr. Turner, brother to the Bishop of Ely, and sometime tutor to my son, preached at Whitehall on Mark viii. 38, concerning- the submission of Christians to their persecutors, in which were some passages indiscreet enough, considering the time, and the rage of the inhuman French tyrant against the poor Protestants. 22nd. Our patent for executing the office of Privy Seal during the absence of the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, being this day sealed by the Lord Chancellor, we went afterwards to St. James's, where the Court then was on occasion of building at Whitehall ; his Majesty delivered the seal to my Lord Teviot and myself, the other Commis- sioners not being come, and then gave us his hand to kiss. There were the two Venetian Ambassadors and a world of company ; amongst the rest the first Popish Nuncio J that had been in England since the Reformation, so wonderfully were things changed, to the universal jealousy. 24th. We were all three Commissioners sworn on our knees by the Clerk of the Crown, before my Lord Chan- cellor, three several oaths ; allegiance, supremacy, and the oath belonging to the Lord Privy Seal, which last we took standing. After this, the Lord Chancellor invited us all to dinner, but it being Christmas-eve we desired to be excused, intending at three in the afternoon to seal divers things which lay ready at the office; so attended by three of the Clerks of the Signet, we met and sealed. Amongst other things was a pardon to West, who being privy to the late conspiracy, had revealed the accomplices to save his own neck. There were also another pardon and two in- j denizations ; and so agreeing to a fortnight's vacation, I returned home. 31S1. Recollecting the passages of the year past,, and having made up accompts, humbly besought Almighty God to pardon those my sins which had provoked Him to discompose my sorrowful family ; that he would accept of our humiliation, and in his good time restore! comfort to it. I also blessed God for all his undeserved] mercies and preservations, begging the continuance of his I 1 Ferdinand, Count D'Ada, made afterwards a Cardinal for his ser- I vices in this embassy. There is • good mezzotinto print of him. 1686] John Evelyn 251 grace and preservation. — The winter had hitherto been extraordinary wet and mild. 1685-6. 1st January. Imploring the continuance of God's providential care for the year now entered, I went to the public devotions. The Dean of the Chapel and Clerk of the Closet put out, viz., Bishop of London * and . . . . , and Rochester 2 and Durham 3 put in their places ; the former had opposed the toleration intended, and shown a worthy zeal for the reformed religion as established. 6th. I dined with the Archbishop of York, where was Peter Walsh, that Romish priest so well known for his moderation, professing the Church of England to be a true member of the Catholic Church. He is used to go to our public prayers without scruple, and did not acknow- ledge the Pope's infallibility, only primacy of order. igth. Passed the Privy Seal, amongst others, the crea- tion of Mrs. Sedley * (concubine to ) Countess of Dorchester, which the Queen took very grievously, so as for two dinners, standing near her, I observed she hardly eat one morsel, nor spake one word to the King, or to any about her, though at other times she used to be extremely pleasant, full of discourse and good humour. The Roman Catholics were also very angry : because they had so long valued the sanctity of their religion and proselytes. Dryden, the famous play-writer, and his two sons, and Mrs. Nelly (miss to the late ), were said to go to mass ; such proselytes were no great loss to the Church. This night was burnt to the ground my Lord Mon- tague's palace in Bloomsbury, than which for painting and furniture there was nothing more glorious in England. This happened by the negligence of a servant airing, as they call it, some of the goods by the fire in a moist 1 Compton. ' Sprat. • Crewe. * Catharine, daughter of Sir Charles Sedley, Bart., one of the famous knot of wits and courtiers of King Charles's time — he was also a poet, and wrote some dramatic pieces. The Countess had a daughter by King James II., and was afterwards married to David, Earl of Portmore, by whom she had two sons, and died in 1717. Lord Dorset's well-known verses, "Tell me, Dorinda, why so gay," &c. are addressed to this lady. Her father's sarcasm, when he voted for filling up the vacant throne with the Prince and Princess of Orange, i* well known ; " King James made my daughter a Countess, and I have been helping to make his daughter a Queen." See ante, p. 134. 252 Diary Of [London season; indeed, so wet and mild a season had scarce been seen in man's memory. At this Seal there also passed the creation of Sir Henry Waldegrave x to be a Peer. He had married one of the King's natural daughters by Mrs. Churchill. These two Seals my brother Commissioners passed in the morning before I came to town, at which I was not displeased. We likewise passed Privy Seals for ^276,000 upon several accounts, pensions, guards, wardrobes, privy purse, &c, besides divers pardons, and one more which I must not forget (and which by Providence I was not present at) one Mr. Lytcott to be Secretary to the Ambassador to Rome. We being three Commissioners, any two were a quorum. 21st January. I dined at my Lady Arlington's, Groom of the Stole to the Queen Dowager, at Somerset House, where dined the Countesses of Devonshire, Dover, &c. ; in all eleven ladies of quality, no man but myself being there. 24^/1. Unheard-of cruelties to the persecuted Protest- ants of France, such as hardly any age has seen the like, even among the Pagans. 6th February. Being the day on which his Majesty began his reign, by order of Council it was to be solem- nized with a particular office and sermon, which the Bishop of Ely 2 preached at Whitehall on Numb. xi. 12; a Court oration upon the Regal Office. It was much wondered at, that this day, which was that of his late Majesty's death, should be kept as a festival, and not the day of the present King's coronation. It is said to have been formerly the custom, though not till now since the reign of King James I. The Duchess of Monmouth, being in the same seat with me at church, appeared with a very sad and afflicted countenance. 8th. I took the Test in Westminster-Hall, before the Lord Chief Justice. I now came to lodge at Whitehall, in the Lord Privy Seal's lodgings. 12th. My great Cause was heard by my Lord Chan-j cellor, who granted me a re-hearing. I had six eminent! 1 He was the fourth Baronet. He was created 30th January, 1686, ] Baron Waldegrave, being at that time Comptroller of the King's! Household ; and died at Paris, in 1689. ' Dr. Francis Turner. i686] John Evelyn 253 lawyers, my antagonist three, whereof one was the smooth-tongued Solicitor, 1 whom my Lord Chancellor reproved in great passion for a very small occasion. Blessed be God for His great goodness to me this day ! igth. Many bloody and notorious duels were fought about this time. The Duke of Grafton killed Mr. Stanley, brother to the Earl of [Derby], indeed upon an almost insufferable provocation. It is to be hoped that his Majesty will at last severely remedy this unchristian custom. Lord Sunderland was now Secretary of State, President of the Council, and Premier-Minister. ist March. Came Sir Gilbert Gerrard to treat with me about his son's marrying my daughter, Susanna. The father being obnoxious, and in some suspicion and dis- pleasure of the King, I would receive no proposal till his Majesty had given me leave, which he was pleased to do ; but, after several meetings we brake off, on his not being willing to secure any thing competent for my daughter's children ; besides that I found most of his estate was in the coal-pits as far off as Newcastle, and on leases from the Bishop of Durham, who had power to make concurrent leases, with other difficulties. yth. Dr. Frampton, Bishop of Gloucester, preached on Psalm xliv. 17, 18, 19, showing the several afflictions of the Church of Christ from the primitives to this day, applying exceedingly to the present conjuncture, when many were wavering in their minds, and great temp- tations appearing through the favour now found by the Papists, so as the people were full of jealousies and dis- couragement. The Bishop magnified the Church of England, exhorting to constancy and perseverance. joth. A Council of the Royal Society about disposing of Dr. Ray's 2 book of Fishes, which was printed at the expense of the Society. 1 2th. A docket was to be sealed, importing a lease of twenty-one years to one Hall, who styled himself his Majesty's printer (he lately turned Papist) for the printing 1 Fir.rh, called Silver Tongue, from his manner of speaking. ' John Ray, the celebrated naturalist, and author, among othei works, of " The Wisdom of God manifested in the Works of the Crea- tion." He was a liberal contributor to the Transactions of the Royal Society, of which he was elected a fellow in 1667. Born in 1628, died in 1705. 254 Diary Of [London Missals, Offices, Lives of Saints, Portals, Primers, &c, books expressly forbidden to be printed or sold, by divers Acts of Parliament ; I refused to put my seal to it, mak- ing my exceptions, so it was laid by. 14th. The Bishop of Bath and Wells * preached on John vi. 17, a most excellent and pathetic discourse : after he had recommended the duty of fasting and other peni- tential duties, he exhorted to constancy in the Protestant religion, detestation of the unheard-of cruelties of the French, and stirring up to a liberal contribution. This sermon was the more acceptable, as it was unexpected from a Bishop who had undergone the censure of being inclined to Popery, the contrary whereof no man could show more. This indeed did all our Bishops, to the dis- abusing and reproach of all their delators : for none were more zealous against Popery than they were. 16th. I was at a review of the army about London, in Hyde Park, about 6000 horse and foot, in excellent order; his Majesty and infinity of people being present. 17th. I went to my house in the country, refusing to be present at what was to pass at the Privy Seal the next day. In the morning, Dr. Tenison preached an incomparable discourse at Whitehall, on Timothy ii. 3, 4. 24th. Dr. Cradock (Provost of Eaton) preached at the same place on Psalm xlix. 13, showing the vanity of earthly enjoyments. 2$>th. Dr. White, Bishop of Peterborough, preached in a very eloquent style, on Matthew xxvi. 29, submission to the will of God on all accidents, and at all times. 29th. The Duke of Northumberland (a natural son of the late King by the Duchess of Cleveland) marrying very meanly, with the help of his brother Grafton, attempted in vain to spirit away his wife. A Brief was read in all churches for relieving the French Protestants, who came here for protection from the un- heard-of cruelties of the King. 2nd April. Sir Edward Hales, a Papist, made Governor of Dover Castle. 2 1 Thomas Ken, the deprived Bishop ; born at Berkhampstead, Herts, j in July, 1637, and died at Longleat in Wiltshire, then the seat of Lord I Viscount Weymouth, March 19, 1710-11. 2 Not taking the Test, Burnet tells us, his coachman was set up to I Inform against him and claim the 500/. penalty. When this was to I 1686] John Evelyn 255 15th. The Archbishop of York * now died of the small- pox, aged 62, a corpulent man. He was my special loving friend, and whilst Bishop of Rochester (from whence he was translated) my excellent neighbour. He was an inexpressible loss to the whole church, and that Province especially, being a learned, wise, stout, and most worthy prelate ; I look on this as a great stroke to the poor Church of England, now in this defecting period. 18th. In the afternoon, I went to Camberwell, to visit Dr. Parr. After sermon, I accompanied him to his house, where he showed me the Life and Letters of the late learned Primate of Armagh (Usher), and among them that letter of Bishop Bramhall's to the Primate, giving notice of the Popish practices to pervert this nation, by sending a hundred priests into England, who were to conform themselves to all sectaries and conditions for the more easily dispersing their doctrine amongst us. This letter was the cause of the whole impression being seized, upon pretence that it was a political or historical account of things not relating to theology, though it had been licensed by the Bishop ; which plainly showed what an interest the Papists now had, — that a Protestant book, containing the life and letters of so eminent a man, was not to be published. There were also many letters to and from most of the learned persons his correspondents in Europe. The book will, I doubt not, struggle through this unjust impediment. Several Judges were put out, and new complying ones put in. 25th. This day was read in our church the Brief for a collection for relief of the Protestant French so cruelly, barbarously, and inhumanly oppressed without any thing being laid to their charge. It had been long expected, and at last with difficulty procured to be published, the interest of the French Ambassador obstructing it. $th May. There being a Seal, it was feared we should be required to pass a docket dispensing with Dr. Obadiah Walker and four more, whereof one was an apostate curate of Putney, 2 the others officers of University be brought to trial, the judges were secretly asked their opinions, and such as were not clear with the Court were turned out. Half of them were dismissed. l Dr. John Dolben. * Edward Sclater ; who first apostatized from Protestantism, and 256 Diary Of [London College, Oxford, who hold their masterships, fellowships, and cures, and keep public schools, and enjoy all former emoluments, notwithstanding they no more frequented or used the public forms of prayers, or communion, with the Church of England, or took the Test or oaths of allegiance and supremacy, contrary to twenty Acts of Parliament ; which dispensation being also contrary to his Majesty's own gracious declaration at the beginning of his reign, gave umbrage (as well it might) to every good Protestant ; nor could we safely have passed it under the Privy Seal, wherefore it was done by immediate warrant, signed by Mr. Solicitor. This Walker was a learned person, of a monkish life, to whose tuition I had more than thirty years since recom- mended the sons of my worthy friend, Mr. Hyldiard, of Horsley in Surrey, 1 believing him to be far from what he proved — a hypocritical concealed Papist — by which he per- verted the eldest son of Mr. Hyldiard, Sir Edward Hale's eldest son, and several more, to the great disturbance of the whole nation, as well as of the University, as by his now public defection appeared. All engines being now at work to bring in Popery, which God in mercy prevent ! This day was burnt in the old Exchange, by the common hangman, a translation of a book written by the famous Monsieur Claude, relating only matters of fact concerning the horrid massacres and barbarous proceedings of the French King against his Protestant subjects, without any refutation of any facts therein ; so mighty a power and ascendant here had the French Ambassador, who was doubtless in great indignation at the pious and truly generous charity of all the nation, for the relief of those miserable sufferers who came over for shelter. About this time also, the Duke of Savoy, instigated by the French King to extirpate the Protestants of Piedmont, slew many thousands of those innocent people, so that there seemed to be an universal design to destroy all that would not go to mass, throughout Europe. Quod Avertat D. O. M. ! No faith in Princes 1 12th May. I refused to put the Privy Seal to Doctor Walker's license for printing and publishing divers Popish then, in 1689, read his recantation from Popery, and again became a! Protestant. 1 See ante, vol. i. p. 273. i686] John Evelyn 257 books, of which I complained both to my Lord of Can- terbury (with whom I went to advise in the Council- Chamber), and to my Lord Treasurer that evening at his lodgings. My Lord of Canterbury's 1 advice was, that I should follow my own conscience therein; Mr. Treasurer's, that if in conscience I could dispense with it, for any other hazard he believed there was none. Notwithstand- ing this, I persisted in my refusal. 29th. There was no sermon on this anniversary, as there usually had been ever since the reign of the present King. 2nd June. Such storms, rain, and foul weather, seldom known at this time of the year. The camp at Hounslow Heath, from sickness and other inconveniences of weather, forced to retire to quarters ; the storms being succeeded by excessive hot weather, many grew sick. Great feast- ing there, especially in Lord Dunbarton's quarters. There were many jealousies and discourses of what was the meaning of this encampment. A seal this day ; mostly pardons and discharges of Knight-Baronets' fees, which having been passed over for so many years, did greatly disoblige several families who had served his Majesty. Lord Tyrconnel gone to Ireland, with great powers and commissions, giving as much cause of talk as the camp, especially nineteen new Privy- Councillors and Judges being now made, amongst which but three Protestants, and Tyrconnel made General. New Judges also here, among which was Milton, a Papist (brother to that Milton who wrote for the Regi- cides), who presumed to take his place without passing the Test. 2 Scotland refused to grant liberty of mass to the Papists there. The French persecution more inhuman than ever. The Protestants in Savoy successfully resist the French dragoons sent to murder them. The King's chief physician in Scotland apostatizing from the Protestant religion, does of his own accord publish his recantation at Edinburgh. 3 1 Dr. Sancroft. Burnet describes him as a timid man. 8 Christopher Milton, made a Baron of the Exchequer. He did not hold his office long. From weakness of constitution, Dr. Johnson remarks, he retired before he had done any disreputable act. 3 Burnet informs us in his Own Times, that this Sir Robert Sibbald, :he most learned antiquary in Scotland, who had lived in a course of IT 22 » *I 258 Diary Of [London nth June. I went to see Middleton's receptacle of water at the New River, and the new Spa Wells near. 20th. An extraordinary season of violent and sudden rain. The camp still in tents. 24th. My Lord-Treasurer settled my great business with Mr. Pretyman, to which I hope God will at last give a prosperous issue. 25th. Now his Majesty, beginning with Dr. Sharp and Tully, 1 proceeded to silence and suspend divers excellent divines for preaching against Popery. 27th. I had this day been married thirty-nine years — blessed be God for all His mercies ! The new very young Lord Chief-Justice Herbert declared on the bench, that the government of England was entirely in the King; that the Crown was absolute; that penal laws were powers lodged in the Crown to enable the King to force the execution of the law, but were not bars to bind the King's power; that he could pardon all offences against the law, and forgive the penalties, and why could he not dispense with them ; by which the Test was abolished? Every one was astonished. Great jealousies as to what would be the end of these proceedings. 6th July. I supped with the Countess of Rochester, where was also the Duchess of Buckingham and Madame de Governe, whose daughter was married to the Marquis of Halifax's son. She made me a character of the French King and Dauphin, and of the persecution ; that they kept much of the cruelties from the King's knowledge; that the Dauphin was so afraid of his father, that he durst not let anything appear of his sentiments; that he hated letters and priests, spent all his time in hunting, and seemed to take no notice of what was passing. philosophical virtue, but in great doubt as to revealed religion, was prevailed upon by the Earl of Perth to turn Papist ; but he soon became ashamed of having done so, on so little inquiry. Upon this he pro- ceeded to London for some months, retiring from all company, and underwent a deep course of study, by which he came to a conviction of the errors of Popery. He then returned to Scotland, and published, as Evelyn tells us, his recantation openly in a church. 1 John Sharp, Dean of Norwich, famous for having been one of the first victims to the intolerance of James II., who caused him to be suspended for preaching against Popery. After the revolution he was made Dean of Canterbury, and subsequently Archbishop of York. Born 1644. Died 1713. — George Tully, another champion of Protestantism, whom James endeavoured to silence br persecution. He died in ifx>7. i686] John Evelyn 259 This lady was of a great family and fortune, and had fled hither for refuge. 8th. I waited on the Archbishop at Lambeth, where I dined and met the famous preacher and writer, Dr. Allix, 1 doubtless a most excellent and learned person. The Archbishop and he spoke Latin together, and that very readily. nth. Dr. Meggot, Dean of Winchester, preached be- fore the Household in St. George's Chapel at Windsor, the late King's glorious chapel now seized on by the mass- priests. Dr. Cartwright, Dean of Ripon, preached before the great men of the Court in the same place. We had now the sad news of the Bishop of Oxford's 2 death, an extraordinary loss to the poor Church at this time. Many candidates for his Bishopric and Deanery, Dr. Parker, South, Aldrich, &c. Dr. Walker (now apostatiz- ing) came to Court, and was doubtless very busy. 13th. Note, that standing by the Queen at basset (cards), I observed that she was exceedingly concerned for the loss of ;£8o; her outward affability much changed to stateliness, since she has been exalted. The season very rainy and inconvenient for the camps. His Majesty very cheerful. 14th. Was sealed at our office the Constitution of certain Commissioners to take upon them full power of all Ecclesiastical affairs, in as unlimited a manner, or rather greater, than the late High Commission-Court, abrogated by Parliament; for it had not only faculty to inspect and visit all Bishops' dioceses, but to change what laws and statutes they should think fit to alter among the Colleges, though founded by private men; to punish, suspend, fine, &c, give oaths and call witnesses. The main drift was to suppress zealous preachers. In sum, it was the whole power of a Vicar-General — note the con- sequence ! Of the Clergy the Commissioners were the Archbishop of Canterbury [Sancroft], Bishop of Durham [Crewe], and Rochester [Sprat] ; of the Temporals, the Lord Treasurer, the Lord Chancellor [Jefferies] (who alone was ever to be of the quorum), the Chief Justice [Herbert], and Lord President [Earl of Sunderland]. iSth. I went to see Sir John Chardin, at Greenwich. 1 Allix, of whom see ante, p. 246. * Dr. John Fell, also Dean of Chriftrhurch, 200 Diary Of [London <\th August. I dined at Signor Verrio's, the famous Italian painter, now settled in his Majesty's garden at St. James's, which he had made a very delicious Paradise. 8th. Our vicar gone to dispose of his country living in Rutlandshire, having St. Dunstan in the East given him by the Archbishop of Canterbury. I went to visit the Marquis Ravigne\ now my neighbour at Greenwich, retired from the persecution in France. He was the Deputy of all the Protestants of that kingdom in the Parliament of Paris, and several times Ambassador in this and other Courts ; a person of great learning and experience. 1 8th September. Dr. Compton, Bishop of London, was on Monday suspended, on pretence of not silencing Dr. Sharp of St. Giles's, for something of a sermon in which he zealously reproved the doctrine of the Roman Catholics. The Bishop having consulted the civilians, they told him he could not by any law proceed against Dr. Sharp with- out producing witnesses, and impleading according to form ; but it was overruled by my Lord Chancellor, and the Bishop sentenced without so much as being heard to any purpose. This was thought a very extraordinary way of proceeding, and was universally resented, and so much the rather for that two Bishops, Durham 2 and Rochester, 3 sitting in the Commission and giving their suffrages, the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to sit amongst them. He was only suspended ab officio, and that was soon after taken off. He was brother to the Earl of Northampton, had once been a soldier, had travelled in Italy, but became a sober, grave, and excellent Prelate. 12th. Buda now taken from the Turks; a form of Thanksgiving was ordered to be used in the (as yet remain- ing) Protestant chapels and church of Whitehall and Windsor. The King of Denmark was besieging Hamburgh, no doubt by the French contrivance, to embroil the Protestant Princes in a new war, that Holland, &c. , being engaged, matter for new quarrel might arise : the unheard-of perse- l His son was with King William in Ireland, and was made Earl of Galway, but was dismissed through the violence of party, being a Frenchman, though his conduct had been in every respect unexception- able, as will appear hereafter. 9 Crewe. * Sprat he afterwardj would not sit. i686] John Evelyn 261 cution of the poor Protestants still raging more than ever. 22nd September. The Danes retire from Hamburgh, the Protestant Princes appearing for their succour, and the Emperor sending his Minatories to the King of Denmark, and also requiring the restoration of the Duke of Saxe Gotha. Thus it pleased God to defeat the French designs, which were evidently to kindle a new war. 14th October. His Majesty's birth-day; 1 was at his rising in his bedchamber, afterwards in the park, where four companies of guards were drawn up. The Officers, &c. wonderfully rich and gallant ; they did not head their troops, but their next officers, the colonels being on horse- back by the King whilst they marched. The ladies not less splendid at Court, where there was a ball at night; but small appearance of quality. All the shops both in the City and suburbs were shut up, and kept as solemnly as any holiday. Bonfires at night in Westminster, but for- bidden in the City. ijth. Dr. Patrick, Dean of Peterborough, preached at Covent Garden Church on Ephes. v. 18, 19, showing the custom of the primitive saints in serving God with hymns, and their frequent use of them upon all occasions : perstringing the profane way of mirth and intemperance of this ungodty age. Afterwards, I visited my Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, with whom I had long and private discourse concerning the miserable condition that kingdom was like to be in, if Tyrconnel's counsel should prevail at Court. 23rd. Went with the Countess of Sunderland to Cran- bourn, a lodge and walk of my Lord Godolphin's in Windsor Park. There was one room in the house spared in the pulling down the old one, because the late Duchess of York was born in it ; the rest was built and added to it by Sir George Carteret, Treasurer of the Navy ; and since, the whole was purchased by my Lord Godolphin, who spake to me to go see it, and advise what trees were fit to be cut down to improve the dwelling, being environed with old rotten pollards, which corrupt the air. It stands on a knoll, which though insensibly rising, gives it a prospect over the Keep of Windsor, about three miles N. E. of it. The ground is clayey and moist; the water stark naught ; the park is pretty ; the house tolerable, and 262 Diary Of [London gardens convenient. After dinner, we came back to London, having two coaches both going and coming, of six horses apiece, which we changed at Hounslow. 24th. Dr. Warren preached before the Princess at Whitehall, on 5th Matthew, of the blessedness of the pure in heart, most elegantly describing the bliss of the beatifical vision. In the afternoon, Sir George Wheeler, Knight and Baronet, preached on the 4th Matt, upon the necessity of repentance, at St. Margaret's, an honest and devout discourse, and pretty tolerably performed. This gentleman coming from his travels out of Greece, fell in love with the daughter of Sir Thomas Higgins, his Majesty's resident at Venice, niece to the Earl of Bath, and married her. When they returned into England, being honoured with knighthood, he would needs turn preacher, and took orders. He published a learned and ingenious book of his travels, and is a very worthy person, a little formal and particular, but exceedingly devout. 1 27th. There was a triumphant show of the Lord Mayor both by land and water, with much solemnity, when yet his power has been so much diminished, by the loss of the City's former charter. $th November. I went to St. Martin's in the morning, where Dr. Birch preached very boldly against the Papists, from John xvi. 2. In the afternoon, I heard Dr. Tillotson in Lincoln's Inn chapel, on the same text, but more cauti- ously. 16th. I went with part of my family to pass the melan- choly winter in London at my son's house in Arundel Buildings. $th December. I dined at my Lady Arlington's, Groom 1 Sir George Wheeler was bom whilst his parents were in exih' at Breda for their attachment to Charles I. He was of Lincoln College, Oxford. On his return from his travels in Asia and Greece, he was knighted. Having presented several antiquities which he had collected to the University of Oxford, in 1683, they gave him his degree of A.M. He took orders against the advice of powerful friends, but from an earnest desire to be useful as a parish priest ; and he well fulfilled his intentions. He became Rector of Houghton-le-Spring, in Durham, the living which had been so exemplarily filled by the " Northern Apostle," Bernard Gilpin, whose example he worthily followed. Bishop Crewe also gave him a stall in Durham Cathedral. He died 18th January, 1723. His descendants are seated at Otterden, in Kent. See Surtees' History of Durham (1816), wh< n- a full account and a portrait of him are given. i686] John Evelyn 263 of the Stole to the Queen Dowager, at Somerset House, where dined divers French noblemen, driven out of their country by the persecution. 16th. I carried the Countess of Sunderland to see the rarities of one Mr. Charlton in the Middle Temple, who showed us such a collection as I had never seen in all my travels abroad, either of private gentlemen, or princes. It consisted of miniatures, drawings, shells, insects, medals, natural things, animals (of which divers, I think ioo, were kept in glasses of spirits of wine), minerals, precious stones, vessels, curiosities in amber, crystal, agate, &c. ; all being very perfect and rare of their kind, especially his books of birds, fish, flowers, and shells, drawn and mini- atured to the life. He told us that one book stood him in ^300 ; it was painted by that excellent workman, whom the late Gaston, Duke of Orleans, employed. This gentle- man's whole collection, gathered by himself, travelling over most parts of Europe, is estimated at ^8,000. He appeared to be a modest and obliging person. 1 29th. I went to hear the music of the Italians in the new chapel, now first opened publicly at Whitehall for the Popish Service. Nothing can be finer than the magnificent marble work and architecture at the end, where are four statues, representing St. John, St. Peter, St. Paul, and the Church, in white marble, the work of Mr. Gibbon, with all the carving and pillars of exquisite art and great cost. The altar-piece is the Salutation ; the volto in fresco, the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, according to their tradition, with our Blessed Saviour, and a world of figures painted by Verrio. The throne where the King and Queen sit is very glorious, in a closet above, just opposite to the altar. Here we saw the Bishop in his mitre and rich copes, with six or seven Jesuits and others in rich copes, sump- tuously habited, often taking off and putting on the Bishop's mitre, who sat in a chair with arms pontifically, was adored and censed by three Jesuits in their copes ; then he went to the altar and made divers cringes, then censing the images and glorious tabernacle placed on the altar, and now and then changing place : the crosier, which was of silver, was put into his hand with a world of 1 This collection was afterwards purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, and now forms part of the British Museum. Gent. Mag., Nov. 1816, p. 335, from Mr. Bagfoid's papers in the British Museum. 264 Diary Of [London mysterious ceremony, the music playing-, with singing. I could not have believed I should ever have seen such things in the King of England's palace, after it had pleased God to enlighten this nation ; but our great sin has, for the present, eclipsed the blessing, which I hope He will in mercy and His good time restore to its purity. Little appearance of any winter as yet. 5686-7. 1st January. Mr. Wake 1 preached at St. Martin's on 1 Tim. iii. 16, concerning the mystery of god- liness. He wrote excellently, in answer to the Bishop of Meaux. 3rd. A Seal to confirm a gift of ,£4, 000 per annum for 99 years to the Lord Treasurer out of the Post-office, and ^1,700 per annum for ever out of Lord Gray's estate. There was now another change of the great officers. The Treasury was put into commission, two professed Papists amongst them, viz., Lords Bellasis and Dover, joined with the old ones, Lord Godolphin, Sir Stephen Fox, and Sir John Ernley. ljth. Much expectation of several great men declaring themselves Papists. Lord Tyrconnel gone to succeed the Lord-Lieutenant [Clarendon] in Ireland, to the astonish- ment of all sober men, and to the evident ruin of the Pro- testants in that kingdom, as well as of its great improve- ment going on. Much discourse that all the White Staff officers and others should be dismissed for adhering to their religion. Popish Justices of the Peace established in all counties, of the meanest of the people; Judges ignorant of the law, and perverting it — so furiously do the Jesuits drive, and even compel Princes to violent courses, and destruction of an excellent government both in Church and State. God of his infinite mercy open our eyes, and turn our hearts, and establish His truth with peace! The Lord Jesus defend His little flock, and preserve this threatened church and nation ! 24th. I saw the Queen's new apartment at Whitehall, with her new bed, the embroidery of which cost ^3,000. 1 William III. recognised the services of the Rev. William Wake in the cause of the Protestant Church of England, by presenting him with valuable preferments. He was King's Chaplain, Rector of St. James's Westminster, Dean of Exeter, Bishop of Lincoln, and finally, Archbishop of Canterbury. Born 1657, died 1737. 16873 John Evelyn 265 The carving about the chimney-piece, by Gibbon, is incom- parable. 30th. I heard the famous eunuch, Cifaccio, sing in the new Popish chapel this afternoon ; it was indeed very rare, and with great skill. He came over from Rome, esteemed one of the best voices in Italy. Much crowding — little devotion. 2jth February. Mr. Chetwin preached at Whitehall on Rom. i. 18, a very quaint neat discourse of Moral righte- ousness. 2nd March. Came out a proclamation for universal liberty of conscience in Scotland, and dispensation from all tests and laws to the contrary, as also capacitating Papists to be chosen into all offices of trust. The mystery operates. yd. Dr. Meggot, Dean of Winchester, preached before the Princess of Denmark, on Matt. xiv. 23. In the after- noon, I went out of town to meet my Lord Clarendon, returning from Ireland. 10th. His Majesty sent for the Commissioners of the Privy Seal this morning into his bedchamber, and told us that though he had thought fit to dispose of the Seal into a single hand, yet he would so provide for us, as it should appear how well he accepted our faithful and loyal service, with many gracious expressions to this effect ; upon which we delivered the Seal into his hands. It was by all the world both hoped and expected, that he would have restored it to my Lord Clarendon ; but they were astonished to see it given to Lord Arundel, of Wardour, a zealous Roman Catholic. Indeed it was very hard, and looked very unkindly, his Majesty (as my Lord Clarendon protested to me, on my going to visit him and long discoursing with him about the affairs of Ireland) finding not the least failure of duty in him during his government of that kingdom, so that his recall plainly appeared to be from the stronger influence of the Papists, who now got all the preferments. Most of the great officers, both in the court and country, Lords and others, were dismissed, as they would not pro- mise his Majesty their consent to the repeal of the test and penal statutes against Popish Recusants. To this end, most of the Parliament-men were spoken to in his Majesty's closet, and such as refused, if in any place of office or trust, civil or military, were put out of their 266 Diary of Li-o^on employments. This was a time of great trial ; but hardly one of them assented, which put the Popish interest much backward. The English clergy everywhere preached boldly against their superstition and errors, and were won- derfully followed by the people. Not one considerable proselyte was made in all this time. The party were exceedingly put to the worst by the preaching and writing of the Protestants in many excellent treatises, evincing the doctrine and discipline of the reformed religion, to the manifest disadvantage of their adversaries. To this did not a little contribute the sermon preached at Whitehall before the Princess of Denmark and a great crowd of people, and at least thirty of the greatest nobility, by Dr. Ken, Bishop of Bath and Wells, 1 on John viii. 46 (the gospel of the day), describing through his whole discourse the blasphemies, perfidy, wresting of Scripture, preference of tradition before it, spirit of persecution, superstition, legends and fables of the Scribes and Pharisees, so that all the auditory understood his meaning of a parallel between them and the Romish priests, and their new Trent religion. He exhorted his audience to adhere to the written Word, and to persevere in the Faith taught in the Church of England, whose doctrine for Catholic and soundness he preferred to all the communities and churches of Christians in the world ; concluding with a kind of prophecy, that whatever it suffered, it should after a short trial emerge to the confusion of her adversaries and the glory of God. I went this evening to see the order of the boys and children at Christ's Hospital. There were near 800 boys and girls so decently clad, cleanly lodged, so wholesomely fed, so admirably taught, some the mathematics, especially the forty of the late King's foundation, that I was delighted to see the progress some little youths of thirteen or four- teen years of age had made. I saw them at supper, visited 1 A prelate remarkable for his benevolence and piety, and the only person in England known to have interceded for the sufferers from the cruelty of Colonel Kirke, on the suppression of Monmouth's rebellion; urging the King with tears to put a stop to the dreadful butchery. He was one of the seven bishops sent by James II. to the Tower ; yet he refused to acknowledge James's successor, on the ground that it would be a breach of his Consecration Oath, and suffered for his conscientious scruples the penalty of deprivation. He was born in 1637, and died in 171-1. i687] John Evelyn 267 their dormitories, and much admired the order, economy, and excellent government of this most charitable seminary. Some are taught for the Universities, others designed for seamer., all for trades and callings. The girls are in- structed in all such work as becomes their sex and may fit them for good wives, mistresses, and to be a blessing to their generation. They sung a psalm before they sat down to supper in the great Hall, to an organ which played all the tiire, with such cheerful harmony, that it seemed to me a vision of angels. I came from the place with infinite satisfaction, having never seen a more noble, pious and admirable charity. All these consisted of orphans only. 1 The foundation was of that pious Prince King Edward VI., whose picture (held to be an original of Holbein) is in the court where the Governors meet to consult on the affairs of the Hospital, and his statue in white marble stands in a niche of the wall below, as you go to the church, which is a modern, noble and ample fabric. This foundation has had, ard still has, many benefactors. 16th March. I saw a trial of those devilish, murdering, mischief-doing engines called bombs, shot out of the mortar-piece on Blackheath. The distance that they are cast, the destruction they make where they fall, is pro- digious. 20th. The Bishop of Bath and Wells (Dr. Ken) preached at St. Martin's to a crowd of people not to be expressed, nor the wonderful eloquence of this admirable preacher ; the text was Matt. xxvi. 36 to verse 40, describing the bitterness of our Blessed Saviour's agony, the ardour of his love, the infinite obligations we have to imitate his patience and resignation ; the means by watching against temptations, and over ourselves with fervent prayer to attain i:, and the exceeding reward in the end. Upon all which he made most pathetical discourses. The Communion followed, at which I was participant. I afterwards dined at Dr. Tenison's with the Bishop and that young, most learned, pious, and excellent preacher, Mr. Wake. 2 In the afternoon, I went to hear Mr. Wake at the new-built church of St. Anne, on Mark viii. 34, upon the subject of taking up the cross, and strenuously behaving ourselves in time of persecution, as this now threatened to be. 1 This 15 by no means the case now. • Afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. 268 Diary Of [London His Majesty again prorogued the Parliament, foreseeing it would not remit the laws against Papists, by the extraordinary zeal and bravery of its members, and the free renunciation of the great officers both in court and state, who would not be prevailed with for any temporal concern. 25th. Good Friday. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on i Peter ii. 24. During the service, a man came into near the middle of the church, with his sword drawn, with several others in that posture; in this jealous time it put the congregation into great confusion ; but it appeared to be one who fled for sanctuary, being pursued by bailiffs. 8th April. I had a re-hearing of my great cause at the Chancery in Westminster Hall, having seven of the most learned Counsel, my adversary five, among which were the Attorney-General and late Solicitor Finch, son to the Lord Chancellor Nottingham. The accompt was at last brought to one article of the surcharge, and referred to a Master. The cause lasted two hours and more. 10th. In the last week, there was issued a Dispensation from all obligations and tests, by which Dissenters and Papists especially had public liberty of exercising their several ways of worship, without incurring the penalty of the many Laws and Acts of Parliament to the contrary. This was purely obtained by the Papists, thinking thereby to ruin the Church of England, being now the only Church which so admirably and strenuously opposed their super- stition. There was a wonderful concourse of people at the Dissenters' meeting-house in this parish, and the parish- church [Deptford] left exceeding thin. What this will end in, God Almighty only knows ; but it looks like confusion, which I pray God avert. 11th. To London about my suit, some terms of accom- modation being proposed. xgth. I heard the famous singer, Cifaccio, esteemed the best in Europe. Indeed, his holding out and delicateness in extending and loosing a note with incomparable softness and sweetness, was admirable; for the rest I found him a mere wanton, effiminate child, very coy, and proudly con- ceited, to my apprehension. He touched the harpsichord to his voice rarely well. This was before a select number of particular persons whom Mr. Pepys invited to his i68-/j John Evelyn 269 house ; and this was obtained by particular favour and much difficulty, the Signor much disdaining to show his talent to any but princes. 2i\th. At Greenwich, at the conclusion of the Church- service, there was a French sermon preached after the use of the English Liturgy translated into French, to a congregation of about 100 French Refugees, of whom Monsieur Ruvigny was the chief, and had obtained the use of the church, after the parish-service was ended. The preacher pathetically exhorted to patience, constancy, and reliance on God amidst all their sufferings, and the infinite rewards to come. 2nd May. I dined with Mynheer Diskvelts, the Holland Ambassador, a prudent and worthy person. There dined Lord Middleton, principal Secretary of State, Lord Pem- broke, Lord Lumley, Lord Preston, Colonel Fitzpatrick, and Sir John Chardin. After dinner, the Ambassador dis- coursed of and deplored the stupid folly of our politics, in suffering the French to take Luxemburg, it being a place of the most concern to have been defended, for the interest not only of the Netherlands, but of England. 12th. To London. Lord Sunderland being Lord Presi- dent and Secretary of State, was made Knight of the Garter and prime favourite. — This day there was such a storm of wind as had seldom happened, being a sort of hurricane. It kept the flood out of the Thames, so that people went on foot over several places above bridge. Also an earthquake in several places in England about the time of the storm. 26th. To London, about my agreement with Mr. Prety- man, after my tedious suit. 2nd June. I went to London, it having pleased his Majesty to grant me a Privy Seal for 6,ooof. , for discharge of the debt I had been so many years persecuted for, it being indeed for money drawn over by my father-in-law, Sir R. Browne, during his residence in the Court of France, and so with a much greater sum due to Sir Richard from his Majesty; and now this part of the arrear being paid, there remains yet due to me, as executor of Sir Richard, above 6,500/. more; but this determining an expensive Chancery suit has been so great a mercy and providence to me, (through the kindness and friendship to me of Lord Godolphin, one of the Lords Commissioners of the Trea- 2yO Diary Of [Hampton Court sury,) that I do acknowledge it with all imaginable thanks to my gracious God. 6th. I visited my Lady Pierpoint, daughter to Sir John Evelyn 1 of Deane [in Wilts], now widow of Mr. Pierpoint, and mother of the Earl of Kingston. She was now en- gaged in the marriage of my cousin, Evelyn Pierpoint, her second son. There was about this time brought into the Downs a vast treasure, which was sunk in a Spanish galleon about forty- five years ago, somewhere near Hispaniola, or the Bahama islands, and was now weighed up by some gentlemen, who were at the charge of divers, &c, to the enriching them beyond all expectation. The Duke of Albemarle's share [Governor of Jamaica] came to, I believe, 50,000*. 2 Some private gentlemen who adventured 100L gained from 8,oooi. to io,oool. His Majesty's tenth was io,oooL The Camp was now again pitched at Hounslow, the Commanders profusely vying in the expense and magnifi- cence of tents. 1 2th. Our Vicar preached on 2 Peter ii. 21, upon the danger of relapsing into sin. After this, I went and heard M. Lamot, an eloquent French preacher at Greenwich, on Prov. xxx. 8, 9, a consolatory discourse to the poor and religious refugees who escaped out of France in the cruel persecution. 16th. I went to Hampton-Court to give his Majesty thanks for his late gracious favour, though it was but granting what was due. Whilst I was in the Council- Chamber, came in some persons, at the head of whom was a formal man with a large roll of parchment in his hand, being an Address (as he said, for he introduced it with a speech) of the people of Coventry, giving his Majesty their great acknowledgments for his granting a liberty of con- science ; he added that this was not the application of one party only, but the unanimous address of Church of Eng- land men, Presbyterians, Independents, and Anabaptists, to show how extensive his Majesty's grace was, as taking in all parties to his indulgence and protection, which had 1 This Evelyn Pierpoint was married in the same month to Lady Mary Fielding. The issue of the marriage was the celebrated Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. ' The Duke's share amounted to considerably more; not less, it was said, than 90,000!. A medal was struck on this occasion, which i* engraved in Evelyn's book on that subject, No. i.xxxvh. p. 151. »687i John Evelyn 271 removed all dissensions and animosities, which would not only unite them in bonds of Christian charity, but exceed- ingly encourage their future industry, to the improvement of trade, and spreading his Majesty's glory throughout the world ; and that now he had given to God his empire, God would establish his; with expressions of great loyalty and submission ; and so he gave the roll to the King, which being returned to him again, his Majesty caused him to read. The address was short, but much to the substance of the speech of their foreman, to whom the King, pulling off his hat, said that what he had done in giving liberty of conscience, was, what was ever his judgment ought to be done ; and that, as he would preserve them in their enjoy- ment of it during his reign, so he would endeavour to settle it by law, that it should never be altered by his successors. After this, he gave them his hand to kiss. It was reported the subscribers were above 1000. But this is not so remarkable as an Address of the week before (as I was assured by one present), of some of the Family of Love. His Majesty asked them what this wor- ship consisted in, and how many their party might consist cf ; they told him their custom was to read the Scripture, and then to preach ; but did not give any further account, only said that for the rest they were a sort of refined Quakers, but their number very small, not consisting, as they said, of above threescore in all, and those chiefly belonging to the Isle of Ely. 18th. I dined at Mr. Blathwaite's (two miles from Hampton). This gentleman is Secretary of War, Clerk of the Council, &c. , having raised himself by his industry from very moderate circumstances. He is a very proper, hand- some person, very dexterous in business, and, besides all this, has married a great fortune. His income by the Army, Council, and Secretary to the Committee of Foreign Plantations, brings him in above 2,oooI. per annum. 23rd. The Privy Seal for 6,oooZ. was passed to me, so that this tedious affair was dispatched. — Hitherto, a very windy and tempestuous summer. — The French sermons to the refugees were continued at Greenwich Church. lgth July. I went to Wotton. In the way, I dined at Ashted, with my Lady Mordaunt. $th August. I went to see Albury, now purchased by Mr. Finch (the King's Solicitor, and son to the late Lord 272 Diary Of [London Chancellor) ; I found the garden which I first designed for the Duke of Norfolk, nothing improved. i5f/x. I went to visit Lord Clarendon at Swallowfield, where was my Lord Cornbury just arrived from Denmark, whither he had accompanied the Prince of Denmark two months before, and now come back. The miserable tyranny under which that nation lives, he related to us ; the King keeps them under an army of 40,000 men, all Germans, he not daring to trust his own subjects. Notwithstanding this, the Danes are exceeding proud, the country very poor and miserable. 22nd. Returned home to Sayes Court from Wotton, having been five weeks absent with my brother and friends, who entertained us very nobly. God be praised for His goodness, and this refreshment after my many troubles, and let His mercy and providence ever preserve me. Amen. yrd September. The Lord Mayor sent me an Officer with a staff, to be one of the Governors of St. Thomas's Hospital. Persecution raging in France; divers churches there fired by lightning, priests struck, consecrated hosts, &c. , burnt and destroyed, both at St. Maloes and Paris, at the grand procession on Corpus Christi-day. 13th. I went to Lambeth, and dined with the Arch- bishop. After dinner, I retired into the library, which I found exceedingly improved; there are also divers rare manuscripts in a room apart. 6th October. I was godfather to Sir John Chardin's son, christened at Greenwich Church, named John. The Earl of Bath and Countess of Carlisle, the other sponsors. 29th. An Anabaptist, a very odd ignorant person, a mechanic, I think, was Lord Mayor. i The King and Queen, and Dadi, 2 the Pope's Nuncio, invited to a feast at Guildhall. A strange turn of affairs, that those who scandalized the Church of England as favourers of Popery, should publicly invite an emissary from Rome, one who represented the very person of their Antichrist 1 10th December. My son was returned out of Devon, where he had been on a commission from the Lords of the Treasury about a concealment of land. 20th. I went with my Lord Chief Justice Herbert, to 1 Sir John Pcake. • Count D'Ada. AnUr, pajre »$o. i688] John Evelyn 273 sec his house at Walton-on-Thames j 1 it is a barren place. To a very ordinary house he had built a very handsome library, designing more building to it than the place deserves, in my opinion. He desired my advice about laying out his gardens, &c. The next day, we went to Weybridge, to see some pictures of the Duchess of Norfolk's, particularly the statue, or child in gremio, said to be of Michael Angelo; but there are reasons to think it rather a copy, from some proportion in the figures ill taken. It was now exposed to sale. 1687-8. 12th January. Mr. Slingsby, Master of the Mint, being under very deplorable circumstances on account of his creditors, and especially the King, I did my endea- vour with the Lords of the Treasury to be favourable to him. My Lord Arran, eldest son to the Duke of Hamilton, being now married to Lady Ann Spencer, eldest daughter of the Earl of Sunderland, Lord President of the Council, I and my family had most glorious favours sent us, the wedding being celebrated with extraordinary splendour. 15th. There was a solemn and particular office used at cur, and all the churches of London and ten miles round, for a thanksgiving to God, for her Majesty being with child. 22nd. This afternoon 1 went not to church, being em- ployed on a religious treatise I had undertaken. 2 Post annum 1588 — 1660 — 1688, Annus Mirabilis Ter- tius. 3 30th. Being the Martyrdom-day of King Charles the First, our curate made a florid oration against the murder of that excellent Prince, with an exhortation to obedience from the example of David, 1 Samuel xxvi. 6. 12th February. My daughter Evelyn going in the coach to visit in the City, a jolt (the door being not fast shut) flung her quite out in such manner, as the hind wheels 1 This is a mistake ; the house was Oatlands in Weybridge. He followed the fortunes of King James, who gave him his great Seal. He was attainted, and Oatlands given to his brother, Admiral Herbert. He published an apology for the judgment he had given in favour of the King's dispensing powers, which was answered by Mr. Attwood and Sir Robert Atkins. Manning and Bray's Hist, of Surrey, ii. 786. J What this was does not appear; but there are several of Evelyn's composition remaining in MS. 3 This seems to have been added after the page was written. 274 Diary Of [London passed over her a little above her knees. Yet it pleased God, besides the bruises of the wheels, she had no other harm. In two days, she was able to walk, and soon after perfectly well; through God Almighty's great mercy to an excellent wife and a most dutiful and discreet daughter- in-law. lyth. I received the sad news of my niece Montague's death at Woodcot on the 15th. 15th March. I gave in my account about the Sick and Wounded, in order to have my quietus. 23rd. Dr. Parker, Bishop of Oxford, who so lately pub- lished his extravagant treatise about transubstantiation, and for abrogating the Test and Penal Laws, died. He was esteemed a violent, passionate, haughty man, but yet being pressed to declare for the Church of Rome, he utterly refused it. A remarkable end ! The French Tyrant now finding he could make no prose- lytes amongst those Protestants of quality, and others, whom he had caused to be shut up in dungeons, and con- fined to nunneries and monasteries, gave them, after so long trial, a general releasement, and leave to go out of the kingdom, but utterly taking their estates and their children ; so that great numbers came daily into England and other places, where they were received and relieved with very considerate Christian charity. This Providence and goodness of God to those who thus constantly held out, did so work upon those miserable poor souls who to avoid the persecution signed their renunciation, and to save their estates went to mass, that reflecting on what they had done, they grew so affected in their conscience, that not being able to support it, they in great numbers through all the French provinces, acquainted the magistrates and lieutenants that being sorry for their apostacy, they were resolved to return to their old religion ; that they would go no more to mass, but peaceably assemble when they could, to beg pardon and worship God, but so without weapons as not to give the least umbrage of rebellion or sedition, imploring their pity and commiseration ; and, accordingly, meeting so from time to time, the dragoon-missioners, Popish officers and priests, fell upon them, murdered and put them to death, whoever they could lay hold on ; they without the least resistance embraced death, torture, or hanging, with singing psalms and praying for their perse- 1688] John Evelyn 275 cutors to the last breath, yet still continuing the former assembling of themselves in desolate places, suffering with incredible constancy, that through God's mercy they might obtain pardon for this lapse. Such examples of Christian behaviour have not been seen since the primitive persecutions ; and doubtless God will do some signal work in the end, if we can with patience and resignation hold out, and depend on His Providence. 24th. I went with Sir Charles Little to Sheen, a house and estate given him by Lord Brounker; one who was ever noted for a hard, covetous, vicious man ; but for his worldly craft and skill in gaming few exceeded him. Coming to die, he bequeathed all his land, house, furniture, &-C. to Sir Charles, to whom he had no manner of relation, but an ancient friendship contracted at the famous siege of Colchester, forty years before. It is a pretty place, with fine gardens, and well-planted, and given to one worthy of them, Sir Charles being an honest gentleman and soldier. He is brother to Sir Henry Littleton of Worcestershire, whose great estate he is likely to inherit, his brother being without children. They are descendants of the great lawyer of that name, and give the same Arms and motto. He is married to one Mrs. Temple, formerly Maid of Honour to the late Queen, a beautiful lady, and he has many fine children, so that none envy his good fortune. After dinner, we went to see Sir William Temple's neai to it ; the most remarkable things are his orangery and gardens, where the wall-fruit-trees are most exquisitely nailed and trained, far better than I ever noted. There are many good pictures, especially of Vandyke's, in both these houses, and some few statues and small busts in the latter. From thence to Kew, to visit Sir Henry Capell's, whose orangery and myrtetum are most beautiful and perfectly well kept. He was contriving very high palisadoes of reeds to shade his oranges during the summer, and paint- ing those reeds in oil. 1st April. In the morning, the first sermon was by Dr. Stillingfleet, Dean of St. Paul's (at Whitehall), on Luke x. 41, 42. The holy Communion followed, but was so interrupted by the rude breaking in of multitudes zealous to hear the second sermon, to be preached by the Bishop of Bath and Wells, that the latter part of that holy office 276 Diary Of [London could hardly be heard, or the sacred elements be distributed without great trouble. The Princess being come, he preached on Mich. vii. 8, 9, 10, describing the calamity of the reformed church of Judah under the Babylonian perse- cution, for her sins, and God's delivery of her on her repentance; that as Judah emerged, so should the now Reformed Church, whenever insulted and persecuted. He preached with his accustomed action, zeal, and energy, so that people flocked from all quarters to hear him. 15th. A dry, cold, backward spring; easterly winds. The persecution still raging in France, multitudes of Protestants, and many very considerable and great persons flying hither, produced a second general contribution, the Papists, by God's Providence, as yet making small pro- gress amongst us. 29th. The weather was, till now, so cold and sharp, by an almost perpetual east wind, which had continued many months, that there was little appearance of any spring, and yet the winter was very favourable as to frost and snow. 2nd May. To London, about my petition for allowances upon the account of Commissioner for Sick and Wounded in the former war with Holland. 8th. His Majesty, alarmed by the great fleet of the Dutch (whilst we had a very inconsiderable one), went down to Chatham ; their fleet was well prepared, and out, before we were in any readiness, or had any considerable, number to have encountered them, had there been occa- sion, to the great reproach of the nation; whilst, being in profound peace, there was a mighty land-army, which there was no need of, and no force at sea, where only was the apprehension ; but the army was doubtless kept and in- creased, in order to bring in and countenance Popery, the King beginning to discover his intention, by many instances pursued by the Jesuits, against his first resolution to alter nothing in the Church-Establishment, so that it appeared there can be no reliance on Popish promises. 18th. The King enjoining the ministers to read his Declaration for giving liberty of conscience (as it was styled) in all the churches of England, this evening, six Bishops, Bath and Wells, 1 Peterborough, 2 Ely, 3 Chiches- ter,* St. Asaph, 5 and Bristol, 6 in the name of all the rest i Thomas Ken. J Thomas White. • Francis Turner. * John Lake. * William Lloyd. * Sir John Trelawny, Bart. i688] John Evelyn 277 of the Bishops, came to his Majesty to petition him, that he would not impose the reading of it to the several congrega- tions within their dioceses; not that they were averse to the publishing it for want of due tenderness towards Dis- senters, in relation to whom they should be willing to come to such a temper as should be thought fit, when that matter might be considered and settled in Parliament and Con- vocation ; but that, the Declaration being founded on such a dispensing power as might at pleasure set aside all laws ecclesiastical and civil, it appeared to them illegal, as it had done to the Parliament in 1661 and 1672, and that it was a point of such consequence, that they could not so far make themselves parties to it, as the reading of it in church in time of Divine Service amounted to. The King was so far incensed at this address, that he with threatening expressions commanded them to obey him in reading it at their perils, and so dismissed them. 20th. I went to Whitehall Chapel, where, after the morning Lessons, the Declaration was read by one of the Choir who used to read the Chapters. I hear it was in the Abbey Church, Westminster, but almost universally for- borne throughout all London : the consequences of which a little time will show. 2$tli. All the discourse now was about the Bishops refusing to read the injunction for the abolition of the Test, &c. It seems the injunction came so crudely from the Secretary's office, that it was neither sealed nor signed in form, nor had any lawyer been consulted, so as the Bishops, who took all imaginable advice, put the Court to great difficulties how to proceed against them. Great were the consults, and a proclamation was expected all this day ; but nothing was done. The action of the Bishops was univers- ally applauded, and reconciled many adverse parties, Papists oniy excepted, who were now exceedingly per- plexed, and violent courses were every moment expected. Report was, that the Protestant secular Lords and Nobility would abet the Clergy. The Queen Dowager, hitherto bent on her return into Portugal, now on the sudden, on allegation of a great debt owing her by his Majesty disabling her, declares her resolution to stay. News arrived of the most prodigious earthquake that was almost ever heard of, subverting the city of Lima 278 Diary Of [London and country in Peru, with a dreadful inundation following it. 8th June. This day, the Archbishop of Canterbury, with the Bishops of Ely, Chichester, St. Asaph, Bristol, Peter- borough, and Bath and Wells, were sent from the Privy Council prisoners to the Tower, for refusing to give bail for their appearance, on their not reading the Declaration for liberty of conscience; they refused to give bail, as it would have prejudiced their peerage. The concern of the people for them was wonderful, infinite crowds on their knees begging their blessing, and praying for them, as they passed out of the barge along the Tower-wharf. 10th. A young Prince born, which will cause disputes. About two o'clock, we heard the Tower-ordnance dis- charged, and the bells ring for the birth of a Prince of Wales. This was very surprising, it having been univers- ally given out that her Majesty did not look till the next month. 13th. I went to the Tower to see the Bishops, visited the Archbishop and Bishops of Ely, St. Asaph, and Bath and Wells. i^th. Dined with the Lord Chancellor. 15th. Being the first day of Term, the Bishops were brought to Westminster on Habeas Corpus, when the in- dictment was read, and they were called on to plead ; their Counsel objected that the warrant was illegal ; but, after long debate, it was over-ruled, and they pleaded. The Court then offered to take bail for their appearance; but this they refused, and at last were dismissed on their own recognizances to appear that day fortnight ; the Archbishop in ^200, the Bishops jQioo each. ijth. Was a day of thanksgiving in London and ten miles about for the young Prince's birth; a form of prayer made for the purpose by the Bishop of Rochester. 29th. They appeared ; the trial lasted from nine in the morning to past six in the evening, when the Jury retired to consider of their verdict, and the Court adjourned to nine the next morning. The Jury were locked up till that time, eleven of them being for an acquittal ; but one (Arnold, a brewer) would not consent. At length he agreed with the others. The Chief Justice, Wright, behaved with great moderation and civility to the Bishops. Alibone, a Papist, was strongly against them ; but Holloway and i688] John Evelyn 279 Powell being of opinion in their favour, they were acquitted. When this was heard, there was great rejoic- ing; and there was a lane of people from the King's Bench to the waterside, on their knees, as the Bishops passed and repassed, to beg their blessing. Bonfires were made that night, and bells rung, which was taken very ill at Court, and an appearance of nearly sixty Earls and Lords, &x., on the bench, did not a little comfort them ; but indeed they were all along full of comfort and cheerful. Note, they denied to pay the Lieutenant of the Tower (Hales, who used them very surlily) any fees, alleging that none were due. The night was solemnized with bonfires, and other fire- works, &c. 2nd July. The two judges, Holloway and Powell, were displaced. 3rd. I went with Dr. Godolphin and his brother Sir William to St. Alban's, to see a library he would have bought of the widow of Dr. Cartwright, late Archdeacon of St. Alban's, a very good collection of books, especially in divinity ; he was to give ^300 for them. Having seen the great Church, now newly repaired by a public contribu- tion, we returned home. 8th. One of the King's chaplains preached before the Princess on Exodus xiv. 13, " Stand still, and behold the salvation of the Lord," which he applied so boldly to the present conjuncture of the Church of England, that more could scarce be said to encourage desponders. The Popish priests were not able to carry their cause against their learned adversaries, who confounded them both by their disputes and writings. 12th. The camp now began at Hounslow ; but the nation was in high discontent. Colonel Titus, Sir Henry Vane (son of him who was executed for his treason), and some other of the Presby- terians and Independent party, were sworn of the Privy Council, from hopes of thereby diverting that party from going over to the Bishops and Church of England, which now they began to do, foreseeing the design of the Papists to descend and take in their most hateful of heretics (as they at other times expressed them to be) to effect their own ends, now evident ; the utter extirpation of the Church of England first, and then the rest would follow. 280 Diary of [Aithorpe 17th. This night the fire-works were played off, that had been prepared for the Queen's up-sitting. We saw them to great advantage; they were very fine, and cost some thousands of pounds, in the pyramids, statues, &c. ; but were spent too soon for so long a preparation. 26th. I went to Lambeth to visit the Archbishop, whom I found very cheerful. 10th August. Dr. Tenison now told me there would suddenly be some great thing discovered. This was the Prince of Orange intending to come over. 15th. I went to Aithorpe, in Northamptonshire, seventy miles. A coach and four horses took up me and my son at Whitehall, and carried us to Dunstable, where we arrived and dined at noon, and from thence another coach and six horses carried us to Aithorpe, four miles beyond North- ampton, where we arrived by seven o'clock that evening. Both these coaches were hired for me by that noble Countess of Sunderland, who invited me to her house at Aithorpe, 1 where she entertained me and my son with very extraordinary kindness; I staid till the Thursday. 18th. Dr. Jeffryes, the minister of Aithorpe, who was my Lord's Chaplain when Ambassador in France, preached the shortest discourse I ever heard ; but what was defective in the amplitude of his sermon, he had supplied in the largeness and convenience of the parsonage-house, which the Doctor (who had at least ^600 a year in spiritual advancement) had new built, and made fit for a person of quality to live in, with gardens and all accommodation according therewith. My lady carried us to see Lord Northampton's Seat, a very strong large house, built with stone, not altogether modern. They were enlarging the garden, in which was nothing extraordinary, except the iron gate opening into the park, which indeed was very good work, wrought in flowers, painted with blue and gilded. There is a noble walk of elms towards the front of the house by the bowling- green. I was not in any room of the house besides a lobby looking into the garden, where my Lord and his new] Countess (Sir Stephen Fox's daughter, whom I had known from a child) entertained the Countess and her daughter the Countess of Arran (newly married to the son of the Duke of Hamilton), with so little good grace, and so dully, that 1 See a former visit to this place, p. 104. 588] John Evelyn 281 our visit was very short, and so we returned to Althorpe, twelve miles distant. The house, or rather palace, at Althorpe, is a noble uniform pile in form of a half H, built of brick and free- stone, balustred and h la moderne ; the hall is well, the staircase excellent ; the rooms of state, galleries, offices, and furniture, such as may become a great prince. It is situate in the midst of a garden, exquisitely planted and kept, and all this in a park walled in with hewn stone, planted with rows and walks of trees, canals and fish- ponds, and stored with game. And, what is above all this, governed by a lady, who without any show of soli- citude, keeps everything in such admirable order, both within and without, from the garret to the cellar, that I do not believe there is any in this nation, or in any other, that exceeds her in such exact order, without ostentation, but substantially great and noble. The meanest servant is lodged so neat and cleanly ; the service at the several tables, the good order and decency — in a word, the entire economy is perfectly becoming a wise and noble person. She is one who for her distinguished esteem of me from a long and worthy friendship, I must ever honour and cele- brate. I wish from my soul the Lord her husband (whose parts and abilities are otherwise conspicuous) was as worthy of her, as by a fatal apostasy and court-ambition he has made himself unworthy ! This is what she deplores, and it renders her as much affliction as a lady of great soul and much prudence is capable of. The Countess of Bristol, her mother, a grave and honourable lady, has the comfort of seeing her daughter and grandchilbren under the same economy, especially Mr. Charles Spencer, 1 a youth of extraordinary hopes, very learned for his age, and in- genious, and under a governor of great worth. Happy were it, could as much be said of the elder brother, the Ix>rd Spencer, who, rambling about the world, dishonours both his name and his family, adding sorrow to sorrow to a mother, who has taken all imaginable care of his educa- tion. There is a daughter very young married to the Earl of Clancarty, who has a great and fair estate in Ireland, 1 The eldest son dying without issue, this Charles succeeded to the title and estate, and marrying to his second wife one of the daughters and at length coheiress to John Duke of Marlborough, his son by her succeeded to that title. II 221 K 282 Diary Of [London but who yet gives no great presage of worth, — so univers- ally contaminated is the youth of this corrupt and aban- doned age ! But this is again recompensed by my Lord Arran, a sober and worthy gentleman, who has espoused the Lady Ann Spencer, a young lady of admirable accom- plishments and virtue. 23rd. I left this noble place and conversation, my lady having provided carriages to convey us back in the same manner as we went, and a dinner being prepared at Dunstable against our arrival. Northampton, having been lately burnt and re-edified, is now become a town that for the beauty of the buildings, especially the church and town-house, may compare with the neatest in Italy itself. Dr. Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, wrote a very honest and handsome letter to the Commissioners Ecclesiastical, excusing himself from sitting any longer among them, he by no means approving of their prosecuting the Clergy who refused to read the Declaration for liberty of con- science, in prejudice of the Church of England. The Dutch make extraordinary preparations both at sea and land, which with the no small progress Popery makes among us, puts us to many difficulties. The Popish Irish soldiers commit many murders and insults ; the whole nation disaffected, and in apprehensions. After long trials of the Doctors to bring up the little Prince of Wales by hand (so many of her Majesty's chil- dren having died infants) not succeeding, a country-nurse, the wife of a tile-maker, is taken to give it suck. 18th September. I went to London, where I found the Court in the utmost consternation on report of the Prince of Orange's landing; which put Whitehall into so panic a fear, that I could hardly believe it possible to find such a change. Writs were issued in order to a Parliament, and a declar- ation to back the good order of elections, with great pro- ] fessions of maintaining the Church of England, but without giving any sort of satisfaction to the people, who showed their high discontent at several things in the Government. ] Earthquakes had utterly demolished the ancient Smyrna,] and several other places in Greece, Italy, and even in the Spanish Indies, forerunners of greater calamities. God! Almighty preserve His Church and all who put themselves j 1688] John Evelyn 283 under the shadow of His wings, till these things be over- past ! 30th. The Court in so extraordinary a consternation, on assurance of the Prince of Orange's intention to land, that the writs sent forth for a Parliament were recalled. yth October. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on 2 Tim. iii. 16, showing the Scriptures to be our only rule of faith, and its perfection above all traditions. After which, near 1,000 devout persons partook of the Com- munion. The sermon was chiefly occasioned by a Jesuit, who in the Mass-house on the Sunday before had dispar- aged the Scripture and railed at our translation, which some present contradicting, they pulled him out of the pulpit, and treated him very coarsely, insomuch that it was like to create a great disturbance in the City. Hourly expectation of the Prince of Orange's invasion heightened to that degree, that his Majesty thought fit to abrogate the Commission for the dispensing Power (but retaining his own right still to dispense with all laws) and restore the ejected Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford. In the mean time, he called over 5,000 Irish, and 4,000 Scots, and continued to remove Protestants and put in Papists at Portsmouth and other places of trust, and retained the Jesuits about him, increasing the universal discontent. It brought people to so desperate a pass, that they seemed passionately to long for and desire the landing of that Prince, whom they looked on to be their deliverer from Popish tyranny, praying incessantly for an east wind, which was said to be the only hindrance of his expedition with a numerous army ready to make a descent. To such a strange temper, and unheard-of in former times, was this poor nation reduced, and of which I was an eye- witness. The apprehension was (and with reason) that his Majesty's forces would neither at land nor sea oppose them with that vigour requisite to repel invaders. The late imprisoned Bishops were now called to reconcile matters, and the Jesuits hard at work to foment confusion among the Protestants by their usual tricks.' A letter was sent to the Archbishop of Canterbury, 1 informing him, 1 By Evelyn himself. The letter was as follows : " My Lord, The honour and reputation which your Grace's piety, prudence, and signal courage, have justly merited and obtained, not only from the sons of the Church of England, but even universally 284 Diary Of [London from good hands, of what was contriving by them. A paper of what the Bishops advised his Majesty was published. The Bishops were enjoined to prepare a form of prayer against the feared invasion. A pardon published. Soldiers and mariners daily pressed. 14th. The King's Birthday. No guns from the Tower as usual. The sun eclipsed at its rising. This day signal for the victory of William the Conqueror against Harold, from those Protestants amongst us who are Dissenters from her dis- cipline ; God Almighty's providence and blessing upon your Grace's vigilancy and extraordinary endeavours will not suffer to be diminished in this conjuncture. The conversation I now and then have with some in place, who have the opportunity of knowing what is doing in the most secret recesses and cabals of our Church's adversaries, obliges me to acquaint you, that the calling of your Grace and the rest of the Lords Bishops to Court, and what has there of late been required of you, is only to create a jealousy and suspicion amongst well-meaning people of such compliances, as it is certain they have no cause to appre- hend. The plan of this and of all that which is to follow of seeming favour thence, is wholly drawn by the Jesuits, who are at this time more than ever busy to make divisions amongst us, all other arts and mechanisms having hitherto failed them. They have, with other things, contrived that your Lordships the Bishops should give his Majesty advice separately, without calling any of the rest of the Peers, which, though maliciously suggested, spreads generally about the town. I do not at all question but your Grace will speedily prevent the operation of this venom, and that you will think it highly neces- sary so to do, that your Grace is also injoined to compose a form of prayer, wherein the Prince of Orange is expressly to be named the Invader : of this 1 presume not to say anything; but for as much as in all the Declarations, &c. which have hitherto been published in pre- tended favour of the Church of England, there is not once the least) mention of the Reformed or Protestant Religion, but only of the Church of England as by Law established, which Church the Papists tell us is the Church of Rome, which is (say they) the Catholic Church of England — that only is established by Law ; the Church of England] in the Reformed sense so established, is but by an usurped authority.! The antiquity of that would by these words be explained, and utterly! defeat this false and subdolous construction, and take otf all exceptional whatsoever ; if, in all extraordinary offices, upon these occasions, thef words Reformed and Protestant were added to that of the Church 0/ England by Law established. And whosoever threatens to invade or come against us, to the prejudice of that Church, in God's name, be they Dutch or Irish, let us heartily pray and fight against them. Mjj Lord, this is, I confess, a bold, but honest period : and, though I ami well assured that your Grace is perfectly acquainted with all this before, and therefore may blame my impertinence, as that does kkKoTptoertirKeTrt'iv ; yet I am confident you will not reprove the zeal of on« who most humbly begs your Grace's pardon, with your blessing. Lon 10 Oct. 1688." (From a copy in Evelyn's handwriting.) See post, p i638] John Evelyn 285 near Battel, In Sussex. The wind, which had been hitherto west, was east all this day. Wonderful expecta- tion of the Dutch fleet. Public prayers ordered to be read in the churches against invasion, 28th. A tumult in London on the rabble demolishing a Popish chapel that had been set up in the City. 29th. Lady Sunderland acquainted me with his Majesty's taking away the Seals from Lord Sunderland, and of her being with the Queen to intercede for him. It is conceived that he had of late grown remiss in pursuing the interest of the Jesuitical counsels ; some reported one thing, some another ; but there was doubtless some secret betrayed, which time may discover. There was a Council called, to which were summoned the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Judges, the Lord Mayor, &c. The Queen Dowager, and all the ladies and lords who were present at the Queen Consort's labour, were to give their testimony upon oath of the Prince of Wales's birth, recorded both at the Council-Board and at the Chancery a day or two after. This procedure was censured by some as below his Majesty to condescend to, on the talk of the people. It was remarkable that on this occasion the Arch- bishop, Marquis of Halifax, the Earls of Clarendon and Nottingham, refused to sit at the Council-table amongst Papists, and their bold telling his Majesty that whatever was done whilst such sat amongst them was unlawful and incurred prcemunire ; — at least, if what I heard be true. 30th. I dined with Lord Preston, made Secretary of State, in the place of the Earl of Sunderland. Visited Mr. Boyle, when came in the Duke of Hamilton and Earl of Burlington. The Duke told us many par- ticulars of Mary Queen of Scots, and her amours with the Italian favourite, &c. 31st. My birthday, being the 68th year of my age. O blessed Lord, grant that as I grow in years, so may I im- prove in grace ! Be Thou my Protector this following year, and preserve me and mine from those dangers and great confusions that threaten a sad revolution to this sinful nation 1 Defend Thy Church, our holy religion, and just laws, disposing his Majesty to listen to sober and healing counsels, that if it be Thy blessed will, we may still enjoy that happy tranquillity which hitherto Thou hast continued to us ! Amen, Amen ! 286 Diary Of [London ist November. Dined with Lord Preston, with other company, at Sir Stephen Fox's. Continual alarms of the Prince of Orange, but no certainty. Reports of his great losses of horse in the storm, but without any assurance. A man was taken with divers papers and printed manifestoes, and carried to Newgate, after examination at the Cabinet- Council. There was likewise a Declaration of the States for satisfaction of all Public Ministers at the Hague, except to the English and the French, There was in that of the Prince's an expression, as if the lx>rds both Spiritual and Temporal had invited him over, with a deduction of the causes of his enterprise. This made his Majesty convene my Lord of Canterbury and the other Bishops now in town, to give an account of what was in the manifesto, and to enjoin them to clear themselves by some public writing of this disloyal charge. 2nd. It was now certainly reported by some who saw the fleet, and the Prince embark, that they sailed from the Brill on Wednesday morning, and that the Princess of Orange was there to take leave of her husband. 4th. Fresh reports of the Prince being landed some- where about Portsmouth, or the Isle of Wight, whereas it was thought it would have been northward. The Court in great hurry. §th. I went to London ; heard the news of the Prince having landed at Torbay, coming with a fleet of near 700 sail, passing through the Channel with so favourable a wind, that our navy could not intercept, or molest them. This put the King and Court into great consternation, they were now employed in forming an army to stop their further progress, for they were got into Exeter, and the season and ways very improper for his Majesty's forces to march so great a distance. The Archbishop of Canterbury and some few of the other Bishops and Lords in London, were sent for to Whitehall, and required to set forth their abhorrence of this invasion. They assured his Majesty they had never invited any of the Prince's party, or were in the least privy to it, and would be ready to show all testimony of their loyalty ; but, as to a public declaration, being so few, they desired that his Majesty would call the rest of their brethren and Peers, that they might consult what was fit to be done on this occasion, not thinking it right to publish i688] John Evelyn 287 any thing without them, and till they had themselves seen the Prince's Manifesto, in which it was pretended he was invited in by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal. This did not please the King ; so they departed. A Declaration was published, prohibiting all persons to see or read the Prince's Manifesto, in which was set forth at large the cause of his expedition, as there had been one before from the States. These are the beginnings of sorrow, unless God in His mercy prevent it by some happy reconciliation of all dis- sensions among us. This, in all likelihood, nothing can effect except a free Parliament ; but this we cannot hope to see, whilst there are any forces on either side. I pray God to protect and direct the King for the best and truest interest of his people ! — I saw his Majesty touch for the evil, Piten the Jesuit, and Warner officiating. 14th. The Prince increases every day in force. Several Lords go in to him. Lord Cornbury carries some regi- ments, and marches to Honiton, the Prince's head- quarters. The City of London in disorder; the rabble nulled down the nunnery newly bought by the Papists of Lord Berkeley, at St. John's. The Queen prepares to go to Portsmouth for safety, to attend the issue of this com- motion, which has a dreadful aspect. 18th. It was now a very hard frost. The King goes to Salisbury to rendezvous the army, and return to London. Lord Delamere appears for the Prince in Cheshire. The nobility meet in Yorkshire. The Archbishop of Canter- bury and some Bishops, and such Peers as were in London, address his Majesty to call a Parliament. The King invites all foreign nations to come over. The French take all the Palatinate, and alarm the Germans more than ever. 29th. I went to the Royal Society. We adjourned the election of a President to 23rd April, by reason of the public commotions, yet dined together as of custom this day. 2nd December. Dr. Tenison preached at St. Martin's on Psalm xxxvi. 5, 6, 7, concerning Providence. I received the blessed Sacrament. Afterwards, visited my Lord Godolphin, then going with the Marquis of Halifax and Earl of Nottingham as Commissioners to the Prince of Orange; he told me they had little power. Plymouth declared for the Prince. Bath, York, Hull, Bristol, and all 288 Diary Of [London the eminent nobility and persons of quality through Eng- land, declare for the Protestant religion and laws, and go to meet the Prince, who every day sets forth new Declara- tions against the Papists. The great favourites at Court, Priests and Jesuits, fly or abscond. Every thing, till now concealed, flies abroad in public print, and is cried about the streets. Expectation of the Prince coming to Oxford. The Prince of Wales and great treasure sent privily to Portsmouth, the Earl of Dover being Governor. Address from the Fleet not grateful to his Majesty. The Papists in offices lay down their commissions, and fly. Universal consternation amongst them ; it looks like a revolution. jth. My son went towards Oxford. I returned home. gth. Lord Sunderland meditates flight. The rabble demolished all Popish chapels, and several Papist lords' and gentlemen's houses, especially that of the Spanish Ambas- sador, which they pillaged, and burnt his library. 1 13th. The King flies to sea, puts in at Feversham for ballast; is rudely treated by the people; comes back to Whitehall. The Prince of Orange is advanced to Windsor, is invited by the King to St. James's, the messenger sent was the Earl of Feversham, the General of the Forces, who going without trumpet, or passport, is detained prisoner by the Prince, who accepts the invitation, but requires his Majesty to retire to some distant place, that his own guards may be quartered about the Palace and City. This is taken heinously, and the King goes privately to Rochester ; is persuaded to come back ; comes on the Sunday ; goes to mass, and dines in public, a Jesuit saying grace (I was present). lyth. That night was a Council; his Majesty refuses to assent to all the proposals ; goes away again to Rochester. 18th. 1 saw the King take barge to Gravesend at twelv« o'clock — a sad sight ! The Prince comes to St. James's, and fills Whitehall with Dutch guards. A Council of Peers meet about an expedient to call a Parliament; adjourn to the House of Lords. The Chancellor, Earl of Peter- borough, and divers others taken. The Earl of Sunder- 1 land flies ; Sir Edward Hales, Walker, and others, taken and secured. 1 The Spanish Ambassador's house, at this time, was Wild House, I Drurv-Lane. 1689] John Evelyn 289 All the world go to see the Prince at St. James's, where [there is a great Court. There I saw him, and several of my acquaintance who came over with him. He is very [stately, serious, and reserved. The English soldiers sent lout of town to disband them ; not well pleased. 24th. The King passes into France, whither the Queen and child were gone a few days before. 26th. The Peers and such Commoners as were members of the Parliament at Oxford, being the last of Charles II. meeting, desire the Prince of Orange to take on him the disposal of the public revenue till a convention of Lords and Commons should meet in full body, appointed by his circular letters to the shires and boroughs, 22nd January. I had now quartered upon me a Lieutenant-Colonel and eight horses. 30th. This day prayers for the Prince of Wales were first left off in our church. 1688-9. 7^ January- A long frost and deep snow; the Thames almost frozen over. 154/1. I visited the Archbishop of Canterbury, where I found the Bishops of St. Asaph, 1 Ely, 2 Bath and Wells, 3 Peterborough, 4 and Chichester, 6 the Earls of Aylesbury and Clarendon, Sir George Mackenzie Lord-Advocate of Scotland, and then came in a Scotch Archbishop, &c. After prayers and dinner, divers serious matters were discoursed, concerning the present state of the Public, and sorry I was to find there was as yet no accord in the judgments of those of the Lords and Commons who were to convene ; some would have the Princess made Queen without any more dispute, others were for a Regency ; there was a Tory party (then so called), who were for inviting his Majesty again upon conditions ; and there were Republicans who would make the Prince of Orange like a Stadtholder. The Romanists were busy among these several parties to bring them into confusion : most for ambition or other interest, few for conscience and moderate resolutions. I found nothing of all this in this assembly of Bishops, who were pleased to admit me into their discourses; they were all for a Regency, thereby to salve their oaths, and so all public matters to proceed in his Majesty's name, by that to facili- tate the calling of a Parliament, according to the laws in being. Such was the result of this meeting. 1 Lloyd. « Turner. » Ken. * White. » Lake. 29O Diary Of [London My Lord of Canterbury gave me great thanks for the advertisement I sent him in October, 1 and assured me they took my counsel in that particular, and that it came very seasonably. I found by the Lord-Advocate that the Bishops of Scot- land (who were indeed little worthy of that character, and had done much mischief in that Church) were now coming about to the true interest, in this conjuncture which threat- ened to abolish the whole hierarchy in that kingdom; and therefore the Scottish Archbishop and Lord-Advocate requested the Archbishop of Canterbury to use his best endeavours with the Prince to maintain the Church there in the same state, as by law at present settled. It now growing late, after some private discourse with his Grace, I took my leave, most of the Lords being gone. The trial of the bishops was now printed. The great convention being assembled the day before, falling upon the question about the Government, resolved that King James having by the advice of the Jesuits and other wicked persons endeavoured to subvert the laws of Church and State, and deserted the kingdom, carrying away the seals, &c. , without any care for the management of the government, had by demise abdicated himself and wholly vacated his right ; they did therefore desire the Lords' concurrence to their vote, to place the crown on the next heir, the Prince of Orange, for his life, then to the Princess, his wife, and if she died without issue, to the Princess of Denmark, and she failing, to the heirs of the Prince, excluding for ever all possibility of admitting a Roman Catholic. 27th. I dined at the Admiralty, where was brought in a child not twelve years old, the son of one Dr.i Clench, of the most prodigious maturity of knowledge,: for I cannot call it altogether memory, but some-] thing more extraordinary. 2 Mr. Pepys and myself ex^j amined him, not in any method, but with promiscuous^ questions, which required judgment and discernment toj answer so readily and pertinently. There was not any thing] in chronology, history, geography, the several systems 1 Ante, pp. 283, 284. ' See a similar account of the afterwards celebrated William Wottonj ante, pp. 134, 135. This Dr. Clench was murdered in a hackney-coach, and a man named Harrison was executed for the murder. i68q] John Evelyn 291 of astronomy, courses of the stars, longitude, latitude, doctrine of the spheres, courses and sources of rivers, creeks, harbours, eminent cities, boundaries and bearings of countries, not only in Europe, but in any other part of the earth, which he did not readily resolve and demonstrate his knowledge of, readily drawing out with a pen any- thing he would describe. He was able not only to repeat the most famous things which are left us in any of the Greek or Roman histories, monarchies, republics, wars, colonies, exploits by sea and land, but all the sacred stories of the Old and New Testament ; the succession of all the monarchies, Babylonian, Persian, Greek, Roman, with all the lower Emperors, Popes, Heresiarchs, and Councils, what they were called about, what they determined, or in the controversy about Easter, the tenets of the Gnostics, Sabellians, Arians, Nestorians ; the difference between St. Cyprian and Stephen about re-baptization ; the schisms. We leaped from that to other things totally different, to Olympic years, and synchronisms ; we asked him questions which could not be resolved without considerable medita- tion and judgment, nay of some particulars of the Civil Laws, of the Digest and Code. He gave a stupendous account of both natural and moral philosophy, and even in metaphysics. Having thus exhausted ourselves rather than this won- derful child, or angel rather, for he was as beautiful and lovely in countenance as in knowledge, we concluded with asking him if, in all he had read or heard of, he had ever met with anything which was like this expedition of the Prince of Orange, with so small a force to obtain three great kingdoms without any contest. After a little thought, he told us that he knew of nothing which did more resemble it than the coming of Constantine the Great out of Britain, through France and Italy, so tedious a march, to meet Maxentius, whom he overthrew at Pons Milvius with very little conflict, and at the very gates of Rome, which he entered and was received with triumph and obtained the empire, not of three kingdoms only, but of all the then known world. He was perfect in the Latin authors, spake French naturally, and gave us a description of France, Italy, Savoy, Spain, ancient and modernly divided ; as also of ancient Greece, Scythia, and northern countries and tracts : we left questioning further. 292 Diary Of [London j He did this without any set or formal repetitions, as one who had learned things without book, but as if he minded other things, going about the room, and toying with a parrot there, and as he was at dinner (tanquam aliud\ agens, as it were) seeming to be full of play, of a lively v sprightly temper, always smiling, and exceeding pleas- ant, without the least levity, rudeness, or childishness. His father assured us he never imposed anything to! charge his memory by causing him to get things by heart, not even the rules of grammar ; but his tutor (who was a Frenchman) read to him, first in French, then in Latin; that he usually played amongst other boys four or five hours every day, and that he was as earnest at his play as at his study. He was perfect in arithmetic, and now newly entered into Greek. In sum (horresco refer ens), I had read of divers forward and precocious youths, and some I have known, but I never did either hear or read of any- thing like to this sweet child, if it be right to call him child who has more knowledge than most men in the world. I counselled his father not to set his heart too much on this jewel, Immodicis brevis est aetas, et rara senectus, as I myself learned by sad experience in my most dear child Richard, 1 many years since, who dying before he was six years old, was both in shape and countenance and pregnancy of learning, next to a prodigy. 29th. The votes of the House of Commons being carried up by Mr. Hampden, their chairman, to the Lords, I got a station by the Prince's lodgings at the door of the lobby to the House, and heard much of the debate,! which lasted very long. Lord Derby was in the chair (fori the House was resolved into a grand committee of thel whole House) ; after all had spoken, it came to the quesJ tion, which was carried by three voices against a Regency,! which 51 were for, 54 against; the minority alleging thel danger of dethroning Kings, and scrupling many passaged and expressions in the vote of the Commons, too long to sed down particularly. Some were for sending to his Majesty! with conditions : others that the King couid do no wrong J and that the mal-administration was chargeable on his ministers. There were not more than eight or nine' l Antt, vol. I. p 31ft. 1689] John Evelyn 293 ! bishops, and but two against the Regency; the archbishop 1 was absent, and the clergy now began to change their ! note, both in pulpit and discourse, on their old passive obedience, so as people began to talk of the bishops being cast out of the House. In short, things tended to dis- satisfaction on both sides ; add to this, the morose temper of the Prince of Orange, who showed little countenance to the noblemen and others, who expected a more gracious and cheerful reception when they made their court. The English army also was not so in order, and firm to his interest, nor so weakened but that it might give interrup- tion. Ireland was in an ill posture as well as Scotland. Nothing was yet done towards a settlement. God of His infinite mercy compose these things, that we may be at last a Nation and a Church under some fixed and sober establishment ! 30M. The anniversary of King Charles the First's martyrdom ; but in all the public offices and pulpit prayers, the collects, and litany for the King and Queen were cur- tailed and mutilated. Dr. Sharp preached before the Commons, but was disliked, and not thanked for his sermon. 31st.. At our church (the next day being appointed a Thanksgiving for deliverance by the Prince of Orange, with prayers purposely composed), our lecturer preached in the afternoon a very honest sermon, showing our duty to God for the many signal deliverances of our Church, without touching on politics. 6th February. The King's coronation-day was ordered not to be observed, as hitherto it had been. The Convention of the Lords and Commons now declare the Prince and Princess of Orange King and Queen of England, France, and Ireland (Scotland being an independ- ent kingdom), the Prince and Princess being to enjoy it jointly during their lives ; but the executive authority to be vested in the Prince during life, though all proceedings to run in both names, and that it should descend to their issue, and for want of such, to the Princess Anne of Denmark and her issue, and in want of such, to the heirs of the body of the Prince, if he survive, and that failing, to devolve to the Parliament, as they should think fit. These produced a conference with the Lords, when also there was presented heads of such new laws as were to be 294 Diary Of [London enacted. It is thought on these conditions they will be proclaimed. There was much contest about the King's abdication, and whether he had vacated the government. The Earl of Nottingham and about twenty Lords, and many Bishops, entered their protests, but the concurrence was great against them. The Princess hourly expected. Forces sending to Ireland, that kingdom being in great danger by the Earl of Tyrconnel's army, and expectations from France coming to assist them, but that King was busy in invading Flanders, and encountering the German Princes. It is likely that this will be the most remarkable summer f< action, which has happened in many years. 21 st. Dr. Burnet preached at St. James's on the oblig; tion to walk worthy of God's particular and signal deliver- ance of the Nation and Church. I saw the new Queen and King proclaimed the very next day after her coming to Whitehall, Wednesday, 13th February, with great acclamation and general good recep- tion. Bonfires, bells, guns, &'C. It was believed that both, especially the Princess, would have showed some (seeming) reluctance at least, of assuming her father's Crown, and made some apology, testifying by her regret that he should by his mismanagement necessitate the Nation to so extra- ordinary a proceeding, which would have showed very hand* somely to the world, and according to the character given of her piety; consonant also to her husband's first declar- ation, that there was no intention of deposing the King, but of succouring the Nation ; but nothing of all this appeared ; she came into Whitehall laughing and jolly, as to a wedding, so as to seem quite transported. She rose early the next morning, and in her undress, as it was reported, before her women were up, went about from room to room to see the convenience of Whitehall; lay in the same bed and apartment where the late Queen lay, and within a night or two sat down to play at basset, as the Queen her predecessor used to do. She smiled upon] and talked to everybody, so that no change seemed to have taken place at Court since her last going away, savej that infinite crowds of people thronged to see her, and that I she went to our prayers. This carriage was censured by] many. She seems to be of a good nature, and that she! 1689] John Evelyn 295 takes nothing to heart : whilst the Prince her husband has a thoughtful countenance, is wonderful serious and silent, and seems to treat all persons alike gravely, and to be very intent on affairs : Holland, Ireland, and France call- ing for his care. Divers Bishops and Noblemen are not at all satisfied with this so sudden assumption of the Crown, without any pre- vious sending, and offering some conditions to the absent King ; or, on his not returning, or not assenting to those conditions, to have proclaimed him Regent ; but the major part of both Houses prevailed to make them King and Queen immediately, and a crown was tempting. This was opposed and spoken against with such vehemence by Lord Clarendon (her own uncle), that it put him by all prefer- ment, which must doubtless have been as great as could have been given him. My Lord of Rochester his brother, overshot himself, by the same carriage and stiffness, which their friends thought they might have well spared when they saw how it was like to be overruled, and that it had been sufficient to have declared their dissent with less passion, acquiescing in due time. The Archbishop of Canterbury and some of the rest, on scruple of conscience and to salve the oaths they had taken, entered their protests and hung off, especially the Arch- bishop, who had not all this while so much as appeared out of Lambeth. This occasioned the wonder of many who observed with what zeal they contributed to the Prince's expedition, and all the while also rejecting any proposals of sending again to the absent King ; that they should now raise scruples, and such as created much division among the people, greatly rejoicing the old courtiers, and especially the Papists. Another objection was, the invalidity of what was done by a Convention only, and the as yet unabrogated laws ; this drew them to make themselves on the 22nd [February] a Parliament, the new King passing the Act with the crown on his head. The lawyers disputed, but necessity pre- vailed, the Government requiring a speedy settlement. Innumerable were the crowds, who solicited for, and expected offices ; most of the old ones were turned out. Two or three white staves were disposed of some days before, as Lord Steward, to the Earl of Devonshire; Trea- surer of the Household, to Lord Newport ; Lord Chamber' 296 Diary Of [London lain to the King, to my Lord of Dorset; but there were as yet none in offices of the Civil Government save the Marquis of Halifax as Privy Seal. A council of thirty was chosen, Lord Derby president, but neither Chancellor nor Judges were yet declared, the new Great Seal not yet finished. Sth March. Dr. Tillotson, Dean of Canterbury, made an excellent discourse on Matt. v. 44, exhorting to charity and forgiveness of enemies; I suppose purposely, the new Parliament being furious about impeaching those who were obnoxious, and as their custom has ever been, going on violently, without reserve, or moderation, whilst wise men were of opinion the most notorious offenders being named and excepted, an Act of Amnesty would be more season- able, to pacify the minds of men in so general a discon- tent of the nation, especially of those who did not expect to see the government assumed without any regard to the absent King, or proving a spontaneous abdication, or that the birth of the Prince of Wales was an imposture; five of the Bishops also still refusing to take the new oath. In the mean time, to gratify the people, the Hearth-Tax was remitted for ever ; but what was intended to supply it, besides present great taxes on land, is not named. The King abroad was now furnished by the French King with money and officers for an expedition to Ireland. The great neglect in not more timely preventing that from hence, and the disturbances in Scotland, give apprehen- sions of great difficulties, before any settlement can be perfected here, whilst the Parliament dispose of the great offices amongst themselves. The Great Seal, Treasury and Admiralty put into commission of many unexpected per- sons, to gratify the more ; so that by the present appear- ance of things (unless God Almighty graciously interpose and give success in Ireland and settle Scotland) more] trouble seems to threaten the nation than could be expected. In the interim, the new King refers all to the! Parliament in the most popular manner, but is very slow in providing against all these menaces, besides finding difficulties in raising men to send abroad; the former army, which had never seen any service hitherto, receiving their pay and passing their summer in an idle scene of a camp at Hounslow, unwilling to engage, and many disaffected, and scarce to be trusted. i68g] John Evelyn 297 29th. The new King much blamed for neglecting Ireland, now like to be ruined by the Lord Tyrconnel and his Popish party, too strong for the Protestants. Wonderful uncertainty where King James was, whether in France or Ireland. The Scots seem as yet to favour King William, rejecting King James's letter to them, yet declar- ing nothing positively. Soldiers in England discontented. Parliament preparing the coronation-oath. Presbyterians and Dissenters displeased at the vote for preserving the Protestant religion as established by law, without mention- ing what they were to have as to indulgence. The Archbishop of Canterbury and four * other Bishops refusing to come to Parliament, it was deliberated whether they should incur Praemunire ; but it was thought fit to let this fall, and be connived at, for fear of the people, to whom these Prelates were very dear, for the opposition they had given to Popery. Court-offices distributed amongst Parliament-men. No considerable fleet as yet sent forth. Things far from settled as was expected, by reason of the slothful, sickly temper of the new King, and the Parliament's unmindful- ness of Ireland, which is likely to prove a sad omission. The Confederates beat the French out of the Palatinate, which they had most barbarously ruined. nth April. I saw the procession to and from the Abbey-Church of Westminster, with the great feast in Westminster-Hall, at the coronation of King William and Queen Mary. What was different from former corona- tions, was some alteration in the coronation-oath. Dr. Burnet, now made Bishop of Sarum, preached with great applause. The Parliament-men had scaffolds and places which took up the one whole side of the Hall. When the King and Queen had dined, the ceremony of the Champion, and other services by tenure were performed. The Par- liament-men were feasted in the Exchequer-chamber, and had each of them a gold medal given them, worth five-and- forty shillings. On one side were the effigies of the King 1 Burnet names only three besides the Archbishop, namely, Thomas of Worcester, Lake of Chichester, Ken of Bath and Wells. He says (in his Own Times) that at the first landing of the Prince, Ken declared heartily for him, and advised all to go to him ; but went with great heat into the notion of a Regent. After this, he changed his mind, came to town with intent to take the oaths, but again changed, and never did take them. 298 Diary Of [London and Queen inclining one to the other; on the reverse was Jupiter throwing a bolt at Phaeton, the words, " Ne totus absumatur ;" which was but dull, seeing they might have had out of the poet something as apposite. The sculp- ture was very mean. Much of the splendour of the proceeding was abated by the absence of divers who should have contributed to it, there being but five Bishops, four Judges (no more being yet sworn), and several noblemen and great ladies want- ing ; the feast, however, was magnificent. The next day the House of Commons went and kissed their new Majesties' hands in the Banqueting-house. 12th. I went with the Bishop of St. Asaph to visit my Lord of Canterbury at Lambeth, who had excused himself from officiating at the coronation, which was performed by the Bishop of London, assisted by the Archbishop of York. We had much private and free discourse with his Grace concerning several things relating to the Church, there being now a bill of comprehension to be brought from the Lords to the Commons. I urged that when they went about to reform some particulars in the Liturgy, Church-discipline, Canons, &c. , the baptizing in private houses without necessity might be reformed, as likewise so frequent burials in churches ; the one proceed- ing much from the pride of women, bringing that into custom which was only indulged in case of imminent danger, and out of necessity during the rebellion, and per- secution of the clergy in our late civil wars ; the other from the avarice of ministers, who, in some opulent parishes, made almost as much of permission to bury in the chancel and the church, as of their livings, and were paid with considerable advantage and gifts for baptizing in chambers. To this they heartily assented, and promised their endea- vour to get it reformed, utterly disliking both practices as novel and indecent. We discoursed likewise of the great disturbance and prejudice it might cause, should the new oath, now on the anvil, be imposed on any, save such as were in new office, without any retrospect to such as either had no office, or had been long in office, who it was likely would have some scruples about taking a new oath, having already sworn fidelity to the government as established by law. This we all knew to be the case of my Lord Archbishop of Canter- i689] John Evelyn 299 bury, and some other persons who were not so fully satis- fied with the Convention making it an abdication of King James, to whom they had sworn allegiance. King James was now certainly in Ireland with the Mar- shal d'Estrades, whom he made a Privy Councillor; and who caused the King to remove the Protestant Councillors, some whereof, it seems, had continued to sit, telling him that the King of France his master would never assist him if he did not immediately do it ; by which it is apparent how the poor Prince is managed by the French. Scotland declares for King William and Queen Mary, with the reasons of their setting aside King James, not as abdicating, but forfeiting his right by mal-administration; they proceeded with much more caution and prudence than we did, who precipitated all things to the great reproach of the nation, all which had been managed by some crafty ill-principled men. The new Privy Council have a Repub- lican spirit, manifestly undermining all future succession of the crown and prosperity of the Church of England, which yet I hope they will not be able to accomplish so soon as they expect, though they get into all places of trust and profit. 21st. This was one of the most seasonable springs, free from the usual sharp east winds that I have observed since the year 1660 (the year of the Restoration), which was much such an one. 26th. I heard the lawyers plead before the Lords the writ of error in the judgment of Oates, as to the charge against him of perjury, which after debate they referred to the answer of Holloway, &c. , who were his Judges. I then went with the Bishop of St. Asaph to the Archbishop at Lambeth, where they entered into discourse concerning the final destruction of Antichrist, both concluding that the third trumpet and vial were now pouring out. My Lord St. Asaph considered the killing of the two witnesses, to be the utter destruction of the Cevennes Protestants by the French and Duke of Savoy, and the other the Waldenses and Pyrenean Christians, who by all appearance from good history had kept the primitive faith from the very Apostles' time till now. The doubt his Grace suggested was, whether it could be made evident that the present persecu- tion had made so great a havoc of those faithful people as of the other, and whether there were not yet some among 300 Diary Of [London them in being who met together, it being stated from the text, Apoc. xi., that they should both be slain together. They both much approved of Mr. Mede's way of interpret- ation, and that he only failed in resolving too hastily on the King of Sweden's (Gustavus Adolphus) success in Germany. They agreed that it would be good to employ some intelligent French minister 1 to travel as far as the Pyrenees to understand the present state of the Church there, it being a country where hardly any one travels. There now came certain news that King James had not only landed in Ireland, but that he had surprised London- derry, and was become master of that kingdom, to the great shame of our Government, who had been so often solicited to provide against it by timely succour, and which they might so easily have done. This is a terrible begin- ning of more troubles, especially should an army come thence into Scotland, people being generally disaffected here and everywhere else, so that the sea and land-men would scarce serve without compulsion. A new oath was now fabricating for all the clergy to take, of obedience to the present Government, in abrogation of the former oaths of allegiance, which it is foreseen many of the Bishops and others of the clergy will not take. The penalty is to be the loss of their dignity and spiritual prefer- ment. This is thought to have been driven on by the Presbyterians, our new governors. God in mercy send us help, and direct the counsels to His glory and good of His Church ! Public matters went very ill in Ireland : confusion and dissension amongst ourselves, stupidity, inconstancy, emu- lation, the governors employing unskilful men in greatest offices, no person of public spirit and ability appearing, — threaten us with a very sad prospect of what may be the conclusion, without God's infinite mercy. A fight by Admiral Herbert with the French, he impru- dently setting on them in a creek as they were landing men in Ireland, by which we came off with great slaughter and little honour — so strangely negligent and remiss were we in preparing a timely and sufficient fleet. The Scots Com- missioners offer the crown to the new King and Queen on conditions. — Act of Poll-money came forth, sparing none. — Now appeared the Act of Indulgence for the Dissenters, l They lent two. See afterwards. 1689] John Evelyn 301 but not exempting them paying dues to the Church of England Clergy, or serving in office according to law, with several other clauses. — A most splendid embassy from Hol- land to congratulate the King and Queen on their accession to the crown. 41/1 June. A solemn fast for success of the fleet, &c. 6th. I dined with the Bishop of St. Asaph ; Monsieur Capellus, the learned son of the most learned Ludovicus, presented to him his father's works, not published till now. 7th. I visited the Archbishop of Canterbury, and staid with him till about seven o'clock. He read to me the Pope's excommunication of the French King. gth. Visited Dr. Burnet, now Bishop of Sarum ; got him to let Mr. Kneller draw his picture. 16th. King James's declaration was now dispersed, offering pardon to all, if on his landing, or within twenty days after, they should return to their obedience. Our fleet not yet at sea, through some prodigious sloth, and men minding only their present interest; the French riding masters at sea, taking many great prizes to our wonderful reproach. No certain news from Ireland ; various reports of Scotland ; discontents at home. The King of Denmark at last joins with the Confederates, and the two Northern Powers are reconciled. The East India Company likely to be dissolved by Parliament for many arbitrary actions. Oates acquitted of perjury, to all honest men's admiration. 20th. News of a Plot discovered, on which divers were sent to the Tower and secured. 23rd. An extraordinary drought, to the threatening of great wants as to the fruits of the earth. 8th July. I sat for my picture to Mr. Kneller, for Mr. Pepys, late Secretary to the Admiralty, holding my Sylva In my right hand. 1 It was on his long and earnest request, and is placed in his library. Kneller never painted in a more masterly manner. nth. I dined at Lord Clarendon's, it being his lady's wedding-day, when about three in the afternoon there was an unusual and violent storm of thunder, rain, and wind; many boats on the Thames were overwhelmed, and such was the impetuosity of the wind as to carry up 1 Now at Wotton. (A copy of it was given by the late Sir Frederick Ev«lyn to the Earl of Harcourt.) 302 Diary Of [London the waves in pillars and spouts most dreadful to behold, rooting up trees and ruining some houses. The Countess of Sunderland afterwards told me that it extended as far as Althorpe at the very time, which is seventy miles from London. It did no harm at Deptford, but at Greenwich it did much mischief. 16th. I went to Hampton Court about business, the Council being there. A great apartment and spacious garden with fountains was beginning in the park at the head of the canal. igth. The Marshal de Schomberg went now as General towards Ireland, to the relief of Londonderry. Our fleet lay before Brest. The Confederates passing the Rhine, besiege Bonn and Mayence, to obtain a passage into France. A great victory got by the Muscovites, taking and burning Perecop. A new rebel against the Turks threatens the destruction of that tyranny. All Europe in arms against France, and hardly to be found in history so universal a face of war. The convention (or Parliament as some called it) sitting, exempt the Duke of Hanover from the succession to the crown, which they seem to confine to the present new King y his wife, and Princess Anne of Denmark, who is so monstrously swollen, that it's doubted whether her being thought with child may prove a tympany only, so that the unhappy family of the Stuarts seems to be extinguishing; and then what government is likely to be next set up is unknown, whether regal and by election, or otherwise, the Republicans and Dissenters from the Church of England evidently looking that way. The Scots have now again voted down Episcopacy there. — Great discontents through this nation at the slow pro- ceedings of the King, and the incompetent instruments and officers he advances to the greatest and most necessary charges. 23rd August. Came to visit me Mr. Firmin. 1 1 He was a man of the most amiable character, and unbounded charity : a great friend of Sir Robert Clayton, who, after his death, erected a monument for him in a walk which he had formed at Sir Robert's seat at Marden, in Surrey. He was very fond of gardens, and 10 far of a congenial spirit with Mr. Evelyn ; and though Unitarian m creed, he lived in intimacy with many of the most eminent clergy. His life was printed in a small volume. See more of him in Manning ind Bray'i Hiitory of Surrey, rol. H. pp. 804, 805. i689] John Evelyn 303 25th. Hitherto it has been a most seasonable summer. — Londonderry relieved after a brave and wonderful hold- ing out. 21st September. I went to visit the Archbishop of Can- terbury since his suspension, and was received with great kindness. — A dreadful fire happened in Southwark. 2nd October. Came to visit us the Marquis de Ruvigne, and one Monsieur le Coque, a French refugee, who left great riches for his religion; a very learned, civil person; he married the sister of the Duchess de la Force. — Otto- bone, a Venetian Cardinal, eighty years old, made Pope. 1 31st. My birthday, being now sixty-nine years old. Blessed Father, who hast prolonged my years to this great age, and given me to see so great and wonderful revolu- tions, and preserved me amidst them to this moment, accept, I beseech thee, the continuance of my prayers and thankful acknowledgments, and grant me grace to be working out my salvation and redeeming the time, that Thou mayst be glorified by me here, and my immortal soul saved whenever Thou shalt call for it, to perpetuate Thy praises to all eternity, in that heavenly kingdom where there are no more changes or vicissitudes, but rest, and peace, and joy, and consummate felicity, for ever. Grant this, O heavenly Father, for the sake of Jesus thine only Son and our Saviour. Amen ! 5th November. The Bishop of St. Asaph, Lord-Almoner, preached before the King and Queen, the whole discourse being an historical narrative of the Church of England's several deliverances, especially that of this anniversary, signalised by being also the birthday of the Prince of Orange, his marriage (which was on the 4th), and his land- ing at Torbay this day. There was a splendid ball and other rejoicings. 10th. After a very wet season, the winter came on severely. \yth. Much wet, without frost, yet the wind north and easterly. — A Convocation of the Clergy meet about a reformation of our Liturgy, Canons, &c. , obstructed by others of the clergy. 27th. I went to London with my family, to winter at Soho, in the great square. 1 Peter Otthobonus succeeded Innocent XI. •* Pope in 16&9. by the tlt1« •< Altxandtr VIII. 304 Diary Of [London 1689-90. 11th January. This night there was a most extraordinary storm of wind, accompanied with snow and sharp weather ; it did great harm in many places, blowing down houses, trees, &c, killing many people. It began about two in the morning, and lasted till five, being a kind of hurricane, which mariners observe have begun of late years to come northward. This winter has been hitherto extremely wet, warm, and windy. 12th. There was read at St. Ann's Church an exhorta- tory letter to the clergy of London from the Bishop, to- gether with a Brief for relieving the distressed Protest- ants, the Vaudois, who fled from the persecution of the French and Duke of Savoy, to the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland. The Parliament was unexpectedly prorogued to 2nd April, to the discontent and surprise of many members who, being exceeding averse to the settling of any thing, proceeding with animosities, multiplying exceptions against those whom they pronounced obnoxious, and producing as universal a discontent against King William and themselves, as there was before against King James. — The new King resolved on an expedition into Ireland in person. About 150 of the members who were of the more royal party, meeting at a feast at the Apollo Tavern near St. Dunstan's, sent some of their company to the King, to assure him of their service; he returned his thanks, advising them to repair to their several counties and preserve the peace during his absence, and assuring them that he would be steady to his resolution of defending the Laws and Religion established. — The great Lord suspected to have counselled this prorogation, universally denied it. However, it was believed the chief adviser was the Marquis of Carmarthen, 1 who now seemed to be most in favour. 2nd February. The Parliament was dissolved by pro- clamation, and another called to meet the 20th of March. This was a second surprise to the former members ; and now the Court-party, or, as they call themselves, Church of England, are making their interests in the country. The Marquis of Halifax lays down his office of Privy Seal, and pretends to retire. 1 6th. The Duchess of Monmouth's chaplain preached at St. Martin's an excellent discourse, exhorting to peace 1 Oiborne. Lord Daaby, afterwards Duke of Leads. logo] John Evelyn 305 and sanctity, it being now the time of very great division and dissension in the nation ; first, amongst the Church- men, of whom the moderate and sober part were for a speedy reformation of divers things, which it was thought might be made in our Liturgy, for the inviting of Dis- senters ; others more stiff and rigid, were for no con- descension at all. Books and pamphlets were published every day pro and con. ; the Convocation were forced for the present to suspend any further progress. — There was fierce and great carousing about being elected in the new Parliament. — The King persists in his intention of going in person for Ireland, whither the French are sending supplies to King James, and we, the Danish horse to Schomberg. igth. I dined with the Marquis of Carmarthen (late Lord Danby), where was Lieutenant-general Douglas, a very considerate and sober commander, going for Ireland. He related to us the exceeding neglect of the English soldiers, suffering severely for want of clothes and neces- saries this winter, exceedingly magnifying their courage and bravery during all their hardships. There dined also Lord Lucas, Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Bishop of St. Asaph. — The Privy Seal was again put in commission, Mr. Cheny (who married my kinswoman, Mrs. Pierre- point), Sir Thomas Knatchbull, and Sir P. W. Pultney. — ■ The imprudence of both sexes was now become so great and universal, persons of all ranks keeping their courte- sans publicly, that the King had lately directed a letter to the Bishops to order their clergy to preach against that sin, swearing, &c, and to put the ecclesiastical laws in execution without any indulgence. 25th. I went to Kensington, which King William had bought of Lord Nottingham, and altered, but was yet a patched building, but with the garden, however, it is a very sweet villa, having to it the park and a straight new way through this park. yth March. I dined with Mr. Pepys, late Secretary to the Admiralty, where was that excellent shipwright and seaman (for so he had been, and also a Commission of the Navy), Sir Anthony Deane. Amongst other discourse, iind deploring the sad condition of our navy, as now governed by inexperienced men since this Revolution, he mentioned what exceeding advantage we of this nation had 306 Diary of [Londoa by being the first who built frigates, the first of which ever built was that vessel which was afterwards called " The Constant Warwick," and was the work of Pett 1 of Chatham, for a trial of making a vessel that would sail swiftly ; it was built with low decks, the guns lying near the water, and was so light and swift of sailing, that in a short time he told us she had, ere the Dutch war was ended, taken as much money from privateers as would have laden her; and that more such being built, did in a year or two scour the Channel from those of Dunkirk and others which had exceedingly infested it. He added that it would be the best and only infallible expedient to be masters of the sea, and able to destroy the greatest navy of any enemy if, instead of building huge great ships and second and third rates, they would leave off building such high decks, which were for nothing but to gratify gentle- men-commanders, who must have all their effeminate accommodations, and for pomp; that it would be the ruin of our fleets, if such persons were continued in command, they neither having experience nor being capable of learn- ing, because they would not submit to the fatigue and inconvenience which those who were bred seamen would undergo, in those so otherwise useful swift frigates. These being to encounter the greatest ships would be able to protect, set on, and bring off, those who should manage the fire-ships ; and the Prince who should first store himself with numbers of such fire-ships would, through the help and countenance of such frigates, be able to ruin the greatest force of such vast ships as could be sent to sea > by the dexterity of working those light, swift ships to guard the fire-ships. He concluded there would shortly be no other method of sea-fight; and that great ships and men-of-war, however stored with guns and men, must submit to those who should encounter them with far less number. He represented to us the dreadful effect of these fire-ships ; that he continually observed in our late mari- time war with the Dutch that, when an enemy's fire-ship approached, the most valiant commander and common sailors were in such consternation, that though then, of all times, there was most need of the guns, bombs, &c. , to keep the mischief off, they grew pale and astonished, as if of a quite other mean soul, that they slunk about, forsook 1 Ante, vol. i. p. 30a. 1690] John Evelyn 307 their guns and work as if in despair, every one looking about to see which way they might get out of their ship, though sure to be drowned if they did so. This he said was likely to prove hereafter the method of sea- fight, likely to be the misfortune of England if they continued to put gentlemen-commanders over experienced seamen, on account of their ignorance, effeminacy, and insolence. gth. Preached at Whitehall Dr. Burnet, late Bishop of Sarum, on Heb. iv. 13, anatomically describing the texture of the eye ; and that, as it received such innu- merable sorts of spies through so very small a passage to the brain, and that without the least confusion or trouble, and accordingly judged and reflected on them ; so God who made this sensory, did with the greatest ease and at once see all that was done through the vast universe, even to the very thought as well as action. This similitude he continued with much perspicuity and aptness ; and applied it accordingly, for the admonishing us how uprightly we ought to live and behave ourselves before such an allseeing Deity ; and how we were to conceive of other His attributes, which we could have no idea of than by comparing them by what we were able to conceive of the nature and power of things, which were the objects of our senses ; and there- fore it was that in Scripture we attribute those actions and affections of God by the same of man, not as adequately or in any proportion like them, but as the only expedient to make some resemblance of His divine perfections ; as when the Scripture says, " God will remember the sins of the penitent no more:" not as if God could forget any- thing, but as intimating he would pass by such penitents and receive them to mercy. I dined at the Bishop of St. Asaph's, Almoner to the new Queen, with the famous lawyer Sir George Mackenzie (late Lord Advocate of Scotland), against whom both the Bishop and myself had written and published books, but now most friendly reconciled. 1 He related to us many particulars of Scotland, the present sad condition of it, the inveterate hatred which the Presbyterians show to the family of the Stuarts, and the exceeding tyranny of those 1 Sir George, as we have seen (ante, p. 22), had written in praise of a Private Life, which Mr. Evelyn answered by a book in praise of Public Life and Active Employment. See the present vol., pp. 22, 23, note. 308 Diary Of [London bigots who acknowledge no superior on earth, in civil or divine matters, maintaining that the people only have the right of government ; their implacable hatred to the Epis- copal Order and Church of England. He observed that the first Presbyter-dissents from our discipline were intro- duced by the Jesuits' order, about the 20 of Queen Eliz., a famous Jesuit amongst them feigning himself a Pro- testant, and who was the first who began to pray extem- pore, and brought in that which they since called, and are still so fond of, praying by the Spirit. This Jesuit remained many years before he was discovered, afterwards died in Scotland, where he was buried at having yet on his monument, " Rosa inter spinas." nth. I went again to see Mr. Charlton's curiosities, 1 both of art and nature, and his full and rare collection of medals, which taken altogether, in all kinds, is doubt- less one of the most perfect assemblages of rarities that can be any where seen. I much admired the contor- tions of the Thea root, which was so perplexed, large, and intricate, and withal hard as box, that it was wonderful to consider. — The French have landed in Ireland. 16th. A public fast. 24th May. City charter restored. Divers exempted from pardon. 4th June. King William set forth on his Irish expedi- tion, leaving the Queen regent. joth. Mr. Pepys read to me his Remonstrance, showing with what malice and injustice he was suspected with Sir Anthony Deane about the timber, of which the thirty ships were built by a late Act of Parliament, with the exceeding danger which the fleet would shortly be in, by reason of the tyranny and incompetency of those who now managed the Admiralty and affairs of the Navy, of which he gave an accurate state, and showed his great ability. iSth. Fast-day. Visited the Bishop of St. Asaph; his conversation was on the Vaudois in Savoy, who had been thought so near destruction and final extirpation by the French, being totally given up to slaughter, so that there were no hopes for them ; but now it pleased God that the Duke of Savoy, who had hitherto joined with the French in their persecution, being now pressed by them to deliver 1 Ante, p. 163. 1690] John Evelyn 309 up Saluzzo and Turin as cautionary towns, on suspicion that he might at last come into the Confederacy of the German Princes, did secretly concert measures with, and afterwards declared for, them. He then invited these poor people from their dispersion amongst the mountains whither they had fled, and restored them to their country, their dwellings, and the exercise of their religion, and De &g e d pardon for the ill-usage they had received, charg- ing it on the cruelty of the French who forced him to it. These being the remainder of those persecuted Christians which the Bishop of St. Asaph had so long affirmed to be the two witnesses spoken of in the Revelation, who should be killed and brought to life again, it was looked on as an extraordinary thing that this prophesying Bishop should persuade two fugitive ministers of the Vaudois 1 to return to their country, and furnish them with 20I. towards their journey, at that very time when nothing but universal destruction was to be expected, assuring them and show- ing them from the Apocalypse, that their countrymen should be returned safely to their country before they arrived. This happening contrary to all expectation and appearance, did exceedingly credit the Bishop's confidence how that prophecy of the witnesses should come to pass, just at the time, and the very month, he had spoken of some years before. I afterwards went with him to Mr. Boyle and Lady Ranelagh his sister, to whom he explained the necessity of it so fully, and so learnedly made out, with what events were immediately to follow, viz. the French King's ruin, the calling of the Jews to be near at hand, but that the Kingdom of Antichrist would not yet be utterly destroyed till 30 years, when Christ should begin the Millenium, not as personally and visibly reigning on earth, but that the true religion and universal peace should obtain through all the world. He showed how Mr. Brightman, Mr. Mede, and other interpreters of these events failed, by mistaking and reckoning the year as the Latins and others did, to consist of the present calculation, so many days to the year, whereas the Apocalypse reckons after the Persian account, as Daniel did, whose visions St. John all along explains as meaning only the Christian Church. 24th. Dined with Mr. Pepys, who the next day was 1 Antt, p. a^o. 31 Diary Of [London sent to the Gate-house, 1 and several great persons to the Tower, on suspicion of being affected to King- James ; amongst them was the Earl of Clarendon, the Queen's uncle. King William having vanquished King James in Ireland, there was much public rejoicing. It seems the Irish in King James's army would not stand, but the English-Irish and French made great resistance. Schom- berg was slain, and Dr. Walker, 3 who so bravely defended Londonderry. King William received a slight wound by the grazing of a cannon bullet on his shoulder, which he endured with very little interruption of his pursuit. Hamil- ton, who broke his word about Tyrconnel, was taken. It is reported that King James is gone back to France. Drogheda and Dublin surrendered, and if King William be returning, we may say of him as Caesar said, " Veni, vidi, vici." But to alloy much of this, the French fleet rides in our channel, ours not daring to interpose, and the enemy threatening to land. 27th. I went to visit some friends in the Tower, when asking for Lord Clarendon, they by mistake directed me to the Earl of Torrington, 3 who about three days before had been sent for from the fleet, and put into the Tower for cowardice and not fighting the French fleet, which having beaten a squadron of the Hollanders, whilst Tor- rington did nothing, did now ride masters of the sea, threatening a descent. 20th July. This afternoon a camp of about 4000 men was begun to be formed on Blackheath. 30th. I dined with Mr. Pepys, now suffered to return to his house, on account of indisposition. 1 Poor Pepvs, as the reader knows, had already undergone an im- prisonment, with perhaps just as much reason as the present, on the absurd accusation of having sent information to the French Court of the state of the English Navy. See ante, p. 133. * George Walker, an Irish clergyman, who distinguished himself more in the camp than in the pulpit, and after successfully defending Protestant Londonderry against the Popish army under James II., accompanied William III. during his decisive campaign against hii father-in-law, till he was slain at the battle of the Boyne. 8 Arthur Herbert, grandson of the celebrated Lord Herbert of Cher- bury. In 1689, William raised him to the Peerage for his eminent naval services, with the titles of Baron Torbay and Earl of Torrington ; but not succeeding against the French fleet near Beachy Head, he wai sent to the Tower, tried by a Court-martial, and, though acquitted. never again employed. He died April 14. !?■*• 1690] John Evelyn 311 1st August. The Duke of Grafton 1 came to visit me, going to his ship at the mouth of the river, in his way to Ireland (where he was slain). 3rd. The French landed some soldiers at Teignmouth, in Devon, and burnt some poor houses. — The French fleet still hovering about the western coast, and we having 300 sail of rich merchant-ships in the bay of Plymouth, our fleet begin to move towards them, under three admirals. The country in the west all on their guard. — A very extra- ordinary fine season; but on the 12th was a very great storm of thunder and lightning, and on the 15th the season much changed to wet and cold. — The militia and trained bands, horse and foot, which were up through England, were dismissed. — The French King having news that King William was slain, and his army defeated in Ireland, caused such a triumph at Paris, and all over France, as was never heard of; when, in the midst of it, the unhappy King James being vanquished, by a speedy flight and escape, himself brought the news of his own defeat. 15th. I was desired to be one of the bail of the Earl of Clarendon, for his release from the Tower, with divers noblemen. The Bishop of St. Asaph expounds his prophecies to me and Mr. Pepys, &c. The troops from Blackheath march to Portsmouth. — That sweet and hope- ful youth, Sir Charles Tuke, died of the wounds he received in the fight of the Boyne, to the great sorrow of all his friends, being (I think) the last male of that family, to which my wife is related. A more virtuous young gentle- man I never knew ; he was learned for his age, having had the advantage of the choicest breeding abroad, both as to arts and arms; he had travelled much, but was so unhappy as to fall in the side of the unfortunate King. The unseasonable and most tempestuous weather hap- pening, the naval expedition is hindered ; and the extremity of wet causing the siege of Limerick to be raised, King William returned to England. — Lord Sidney 3 left Governor of what is conquered in Ireland, which is near three parts [in four]. 1 Henry Fitzroy, second natural son of Charles II. by the Duchess of Cleveland. His Grace was ancestor of the present Duke. 1 Henry, youngest brother of Robert, second Earl of Leicester ; created in 1689, Baron Sidney and Viscount Sidney, and in 1694 K»rl of Romney. He di^d in 1704. 312 Diary Of [London 17th. A public fast. — An extraordinary sharp, cold east wind. 12th October. The French General, with Tyrconnel and their forces, gone back to France, beaten out by King William. — Cork delivered on discretion. The Duke of Grafton was there mortally wounded and dies. — Very great storms of wind. The 8th of this month Lord Spencer wrote me word from Althorpe, that there happened an earthquake the day before in the morning, which, though short, sensibly, shook the house. The Gazette acquainted us that the like happened at the same time, half-past seven, at Barnstaple, Holyhead, and Dublin. We were not sen- sible of it here. 26th. Kinsale at last surrendered, meantime King James's party burn all the houses they have in their power, and amongst them that stately palace of Lord Ossory's, which iately cost, as reported, ^40,000. By a disastrous accident, a third-rate ship, the Breda, blew up and destroyed all on board ; in it were twenty-five prisoners of war. She was to have sailed for England the next day. 3rd November. Went to the Countess of Clancarty, 1 to condole with her concerning her debauched and dissolute son, who had done so much mischief in Ireland, now taken and brought prisoner to the Tower. 16th. Exceeding great storms, yet a warm season. 23rd. Carried Mr. Pepys's memorials to Lord Godol- phin, now resuming the commission of the Treasury to the wonder of all his friends. 1st December. Having been chosen President of the Royal Society, I desired to decline it, and with great diffi- culty devolved the election on Sir Robert Southwell, Secre- tary of State to King William in Ireland. 20th. Dr. Hough, President of Magdalen College, Oxford, who was displaced with several of the Fellows for not taking the oath imposed by King James, now made a Bishop. 3 — Most of this month cold and frost. — One John- 1 Elizabeth Fitzgerald, daughter of the Earl of Kildare. Her son, the third Earl, for the services he had rendered James II. , forfeited in the reign of his successor the whole of his vast estates. 2 In 1099, Dr. Hough was translated to Lichfield and Coventry : in 1717, he became Bishop of Worcester, which he held till 1743, when he died, 8th May, at the great age of 93. His conversation and familiar letters, at the close of his life, had the cheerfulness and spirit of youth. He w»» a genuine patriot ; the delight of the Church ; * thorn in th« 1691] John Evelyn 313 son, a Knight, was executed at Tyburn for being an accomplice with Campbell, brother to Lord Argyle, in steal- ing a young heiress. 1690-1. qth January. This week a plot was discovered for a general rising against the new Government, for which (Henry) Lord Clarendon and others were sent to the Tower. The next day, I went to see Lord Clarendon. The Bishop of Ely * searched for. — Trial of Lord Pres- ton, as not being an English Peer, hastened at the Old Bailey. iSth. Lord Preston condemned about a design to bring in King James by the French. Ashton executed. The Bishop of Ely, Mr. Graham, &c. , absconded. 13th March. I went to visit Monsieur Justell and the Library at St. James's, in which that learned man had put the MSS. (which were in good number) into excellent order, they having lain neglected for many years. Divers medals had been stolen and embezzled. 21st. Dined at Sir William Fermor's, who showed me many good pictures. After dinner, a French servant played rarely on the lute. Sir William had now bought all the remaining statues collected with so much expense by the famous Thomas, Earl of Arundel, and sent them to his seat at Easton, near Towcester. 2 2$th. Lord Sidney, principal Secretary of State, gave me a letter to Lord Lucas, Lieutenant of the Tower, to permit me to visit Lord Clarendon; which this day I did, and dined with him. 10th April. This night, a sudden and terrible fire burnt down all the buildings over the stone-gallery at Whitehall to the water-side, beginning at the apartment of the late Duchess of Portsmouth (which had been pulled down and rebuilt no less than three times to please her), and consum- ing other lodgings of such lewd creatures, who debauched both King Charles II. and others, and were his destruction. side of oppression ; a pillar of religion ; a father of the indigent ; a friend to all. His Memoirs were published in a quarto volume, in 1812, by Mr. Wilmot. 1 Dr. Turner, who, though one of the six Bishops sent to the Tower for the petition to the King, declined taking the oaths to William and Mary. 3 They are now at Oxford, having been presented to the University in 1755 by Henrietta, Countess-dowager of Pomfret, widow of Thomas, the first Earl. rj 221 L 314 Diary Of [London The King returned out of Holland just as this accident happened — Proclamation against Papists, &c. 16th. I went to see Dr. Sloane's curiosities, being an universal collection of the natural productions of Jamaica, consisting of plants, fruits, corals, minerals, stones, earth, shells, animals, and insects, collected with great judgment ; several folios of dried plants, and one which had about 80 several sorts of ferns, and another of grasses ; the Jamaica pepper, in branch, leaves, flower, fruit, &c. This collection, 1 with his Journal and other philosophical and natural discourses and observations, indeed very copious and extraordinary, sufficient to furnish a history of that island, to which I encouraged him. igth. The Archbishop of Canterbury, and Bishops of Ely, Bath and Wells, Peterborough, Gloucester, and the rest who would not take the oaths to King William, were now displaced ; and, in their rooms, Dr. Tiilotson, Dean of St. Paul's, was made Archbishop : Patrick removed from Chichester to Ely ; Cumberland 2 to Gloucester. 22nd. I dined with Lord Clarendon in the Tower. 241/1. I visited the Earl and Countess of Sunderland, now come to kiss the King's hand, after his return from Holland. This is a mystery. The King preparing to return to the army. yth May. I went to visit the Archbishop of Canterbury [Sancroft] yet at Lambeth. I found him alone, and dis- coursing of the times, especially of the new designed Bishops ; he told me that by no canon or divine law they could justify the removing the present incumbents; that Dr. Beveridge, designed Bishop of Bath and Wells, came to ask his advice; that the Archbishop told him, though 1 It now forms part of the collections in the British Museum. In 1707, he published the first volume of his Natural History of Jamaica. in folio, with numerous plates; but the second volume did not appear till 1725. Dr. Sloane, better known as Sir Hans Sloane, having been I created a Baronet by George I., was an eminent physician ->nd naturalist, Physician-general to the Army, Physician in Ordinary to the! King, and in 1727 was elected President of the Royal Society. His monument may be seen in the churchyard of old St. Luke's, Chelsea, I near the river. His extensive museum and library were purchased fori ao.oooZ., and transferred to the British Museum. Born 1660, died in 3 A mistake. Dr. Edward Fowler was made Bishop of Gloucester I in the place of Dr. Robert Frampton, deprived for not taking the ) oathf. i6gi] John Evelyn 315 he should give it, he believed he would not take it ; the Doctor said he would ; why then, says the Archbishop, when they come to ask, say Nolo, and say it from the heart ; there is nothing easier than to resolve yourself what is to be done in the case : the Doctor seemed to deliberate. What he will do I know not, but Bishop Ken, who is to be put out, is exceedingly beloved in his diocese ; and, if he and the rest should insist on it, and plead their interest as freeholders, it is believed there would be difficulty in their case, and it may endanger a schism and much disturb- ance, so as wise men think it had been better to have let them alone, than to have proceeded with this rigour to turn them out for refusing to swear against their consciences. I asked at parting, when his Grace removed ; he said that he had not yet received any summons, but I found the house altogether disfurnished, and his books packing up. ist June. 1 went with my son, and brother-in-law, Glan- ville, and his son, to Wotton, to solemnize the funeral of my nephew, which was performed the next day very decently and orderly by the herald, in the afternoon, a very great appearance of the country being there. I was the chief mourner ; the pall was held by Sir Francis Vincent, Sir Richard Onslow, Mr. Thomas Howard (son to Sir Robert and Captain of the King's Guard), Mr. Hyldiard, Mr. James, Mr. Herbert, nephew to Lord Herbert of Cher- bury, and cousin-german to my deceased nephew. He was laid in the vault at Wotton church, in the burying-place of the family. A great concourse of coaches and people accompanied the solemnity. 10th. I went to visit Lord Clarendon, still prisoner in the Tower, though Lord Preston being pardoned was released. 17th. A fast. nth July. I dined with Mr. Pepys, where was Dr. Cum- berland, the new Bishop of Norwich, 1 Dr. Lloyd having been put out for not acknowledging the Government. Cumberland is a very learned, excellent man. — Possession was now given to Dr. Tillotson, at Lambeth, by the Sheriff ; Archbishop Sancroft was gone, but had left his nephew to keep possession; and he refusing to deliver it up on the Queen's message, was dispossessed by the Sheriff, l A mistake. Dr. Cumberland was made Bishop of Peterborough, and Dr. John Moore succeeded Dr. Lloyd in the see of Norwich. 316 Diary Of [London and imprisoned. This stout demeanour of the few Bishops who refused to take the oaths to King William, animated a great party to forsake the churches, so as to threaten a schism ; though those who looked further into the ancient practice, found that when (as formerly) there were Bishops displaced on secular accounts, the people never refused to acknowledge the new Bishops, provided they were not heretics. The truth is, the whole clergy had till now stretched the duty of passive obedience, so that the pro- ceedings against these Bishops gave no little occasion of exceptions; but this not amounting to heresy, there was a necessity of receiving the new Bishops, to prevent a failure of that order in the Church. — I went to visit Lord Claren- don in the Tower, but he was gone into the country for air by the Queen's permission, under the care of his warden. 18th. To London to hear Mr. Stringfellow preach his first sermon in the new-erected church of Trinity, in Conduit Street; to which I did recommend him to Dr. Tenison for the constant preacher and lecturer. This church, formerly built of timber on Hounslow-Heath by King James for the mass-priests, being begged by Dr. Tenison, rector of St. Martin's, was set up by that public- minded, charitable, and pious man near my son's dwelling in Dover Street, chiefly at the charge of the Doctor. I know him to be an excellent preacher and a fit person. This church, though erected in St. Martin's, which is the Doctor's parish, he was not only content, but was the sole industrious mover, that it should be made a separate parish, in regard of the neighbourhood having become so populous. Wherefore to countenance and introduce the new minister, and take possession of a gallery designed for my son's family, I went to London, where, lgth, in the morning Dr. Tenison preached the first sermon, taking his text from Psalm xxvi. 8. " Lord, I have loved the habitation of thy house, and the place where thine honour dwelleth. " In concluding, he gave that this should be made a parish-church so soon as the Parliament sate, and was to be dedicated to the Holy Trinity, 1 in 1 This was not then made a parish-church, but long remained a chapel, and private property. But, under the Act for building fifty new churches, one was built in the street between Conduit Street and Hanover Square, the first stone being laid 20th June, 1712 ; it was dedicated to St. George, and part of St. Martin's was made a separate parish, and called St. George's, Hanover Square. 1691] John Evelyn 317 honour of the three undivided Persons in the Deity; and he minded them to attend to that faith of the Church, now especially that Arianism, Socinianism, and Atheism began to spread amongst us. — In the afternoon, Mr. Stringfellow preached on Luke vii. 5, " The centurion who had built a synagogue." He proceeded to the due praise of persons of such public spirit, and thence to such a character of pious benefactors in the person of the generous centurion, as was comprehensive of all the virtues of an accomplished Chris- tian, in a style so full, eloquent, and moving, that I never heard a sermon more apposite to the occasion. He modestly insinuated the obligation they had to that person who should be the author and promoter of such public works for the benefit of mankind, especially to the advan- tage of religion, such as building and endowing churches, hospitals, libraries, schools, procuring the best editions of useful books, by which he handsomely intimated who it was that had been so exemplary for his benefaction to that place. Indeed, that excellent person, Dr. Tenison, had also erected and furnished a public library, 1 [in St. Martin's]; and set up two or three free-schools at his own charges. Besides this, he was of an exemplary holy life, took great pains in constantly preaching, and incessantly employing himself to promote the service of God both in public and private. I never knew a man of a more uni- versal and generous spirit, with so much modesty, prudence, and piety. The great victory of King William's army in Ireland was looked on as decisive of that war. The French General, St. Ruth, who had been so cruel to the poor Pro- testants in France, was slain, with divers of the best com- manders; nor was it cheap to us, having 1,000 killed, but of the enemy 4 or 5,000. 26th. An extraordinary hot season, yet refreshed by some thunder-showers. 28th. I went to Wotton. 2nd August. No sermon in the church in the afternoon, and the curacy ill-served. 16th. A sermon by the curate; an honest discourse, but read without any spirit, or seeming concern ; a great fault in the education of young preachers. — Great thunder and lightning on Thursday, but the rain and wind very 1 Ante, p. 198. 318 Diary Of [London violent. — Our fleet come in to lay up the great ships ; nothing- done at sea, pretending that we cannot meet the French. 1 3th September. A great storm at sea ; we lost the Coro- nation and Harwich, above 600 men perishing. 14th October. A most pleasing autumn. — Our navy come in without having performed any thing, yet there has been great loss of ships by negligence, and unskilful men governing the fleet and Navy-board. yth November. I visited the Earl of Dover, who having made his peace with the King, was now come home. The relation he gave of the strength of the French King, and the difficulty of our forcing him to fight, and any way making impression into France, was very wide from what we fancied. 8th — 30th. An extraordinary dry and warm season, without frost, and like a new spring; such as had not been known for many years. Part of the King's house at Ken- sington was burnt. 6th December. Discourse of another plot, in which several great persons were named, but believed to be a sham. — A proposal in the House of Commons that every officer in the whole nation who received a salary above £S°° or otherwise by virtue of his office, should contribute it wholly to the support of the war with France, and this upon their oaths. 251/1. My daughter-in-law was brought to bed of a daughter. 26th. An exceeding dry and calm winter, no rain for many past months. 28th. Dined at Lambeth with the new Archbishop. Saw the effect of my green-house furnace, set up by the Arch- bishop's son-in-law. ^oth. I again saw Mr. Charlton's collection 1 of spiders, birds, scorpions, and other serpents, &c. 1691-2. 1st January. This last week died that pious admirable Christian, excellent philosopher, and my worthy friend, Mr. Boyle, aged about 65 — a great loss to all that! knew him, and to the public. 6th. At the funeral of Mr. Boyle, at St. Martin's.! Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury, preached on Eccles. ii. 26. He concluded with an eulogy due to the deceased, who 1 Ante, pp. 363, 308. 1692] John Evelyn 319 made God and religion the scope of all his excellent talents in the knowledge of nature, and who had arrived to so high a degree in it, and accompanied with such zeal and extra- ordinary piety, which he showed in the whole course of his life, particularly in his exemplary charity on all occasions — that he gave jQi,ooo yearly to the distressed refugees of France and Ireland; was at the charge of translating the Scriptures into the Irish and Indian tongues, and was now promoting a Turkish translation, as he had formerly done of Grotius "on the Truth of the Christian Religion " into Arabic, which he caused to be dispersed in the Eastern countries ; that he had settled a fund for preachers who should preach expressly against Atheists, Libertines, Soci- nians, and Jews; that he had in his will given ^8,000 to charitable uses ; but that his private charities were extra- ordinary. He dilated on his learning in Hebrew and Greek, his reading of the Fathers, and solid knowledge in theology, once deliberating about taking Holy Orders, and that at the time of restoration of King Charles II., when he might have made a great figure in the nation as to secular honour and titles, his fear of not being able to discharge so weighty a duty as the first, made him decline that, and his humility the other. He spake of his civility to stran- gers, the great good which he did by his experience in medicine and chemistry, and to what noble ends he applied himself to his darling studies ; the works both pious and useful which he published; the exact life he led, and the happy end he made. Something was touched of his sister, the Lady Ranelagh, who died but a few days before him. And truly all this was but his due, without any grain of flattery. This week, a most execrable murder was committed on Dr. Clench, father of that extraordinary learned child whom I have before noticed. 1 Under pretence of carrying him in a coach to see a patient, they strangled him in it; and, sending away the coachman under some pretence, they left his dead body in the coach, and escaped in the dusk of the evening. 12th. My grand-daughter was christened by Dr. Tenison, now Bishop of Lincoln, in Trinity Church, J Ante, p. 290. A man named Henry Harrison was tried for the murder of Dr. Clench, convicted, and hanged ; but he left a paper, which was printed, denying his guilt. 320 Diary Of [London being the first that was christened there. She was named Jane. 24th. A frosty and dry season continued ; many persons die of apoplexies, more than usual. — Lord Marlborough, Lieutenant-General of the King's Army in England, Gentle- man of the Bed-chamber, &c, dismissed from all his charges, military and other, for his excessive taking of bribes, covetousness, and extortion on all occasions from his inferior officers. — Note, this was the Lord who was entirely advanced by King James, and was the first who betrayed and forsook his master. He was son of Sir Winston Churchill of the Green-cloth. yth February. An extraordinary snow fell in most parts. 13th. Mr. Boyle having made me one of the trustees for his charitable bequests, I went to a meeting of the Bishop of Lincoln, Sir Rob wood, and Serjeant Rotheram, to settle that clause in the will which related to charitable uses, and especially the appointing and electing a minister to preach one sermon the first Sunday in the month, during the four summer months, expressly against Atheists, Deists, Libertines, Jews, &c, without descending to any other controversy whatever, for which ^50 per annum is to be paid quarterly to the preacher; and, at the end of three years, to proceed to a new election of some other able divine, or to continue the same, as the trustees should judge convenient. We made choice of one Mr. Bentley, 1 chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester (Dr. Stilling- fleet). The first sermon was appointed for the first Sunday in March, at St. Martin's; the second Sunday in April, at Bow-church, and so alternately. 28th. Lord Marlborough 2 having used words against the King, and been discharged from all his great places, his wife was forbid the Court, and the Princess of Den- mark was desired by the Queen to dismiss her from her service; but she refusing to do so, goes away from Court to Sion-house. — Divers new Lords made; Sir Henry 1 Afterwards the celebrated scholar and critic, Librarian to the King, and Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 2 So celebrated in the reign of Queen Anne as John, first Duke of Marlborough. The real cause of his dismissal from his employments by William III. was not the one mentioned by Evelyn, but a quarrel between Queen Mary and her sister, the Princess Anne, in which her friend Lady Marlborough was involved. 1693] John Evelyn 321 Capel, 1 Sir William Fermor, 2 &c. — Change of Commis- sioners in the Treasury. — The Parliament adjourned, not well satisfied with affairs. The business of the East India Company, which they would have reformed, let fall. — The Duke of Norfolk does not succeed in his endeavour to be divorced. 3 20th March. My son was made one of the Commis- sioners of the Revenue and Treasury of Ireland, to which employment he had a mind, far from my wishes. — I visited the Earl of Peterborough, who showed me the picture of the Prince of Wales, newly brought out of France, seeming in my opinion very much to resemble the Queen his mother, and of a most vivacious countenance. April. No spring yet appearing. The Queen-dowager went out of England towards Portugal, as pretended, against the advice of all her friends. 4th. Mr. Bentley preached Mr. Boyle's lecture at St. Mary-le-Bow. So excellent a discourse against the Epi- curean system is not to be recapitulated in a few words. He came to me to ask whether I thought it should be printed, or that there was anything in it which I desired to be altered. I took this as a civility, and earnestly desired it should be printed, as one of the most learned and convincing discourses I had ever heard. 6th. A fast. — King James sends a letter written and directed by his own hand to several of the Privy Council, and one to his daughter the Queen Regent, informing them of the Queen being ready to be brought to bed, and sum- moning them to be at the birth by the middle of May, promising as from the French King, permission to come and return in safety. 24th. Much apprehension of a French invasion, and of an universal rising. Our fleet begins to join with the Dutch. Unkindness between the Queen and her sister. Very cold and unseasonable weather, scarce a leaf on the trees. $th May. Reports of an invasion were very hot, and alarmed the City, Court, and people; nothing but secur- ing suspected persons, sending forces to the sea-side, and hastening out the fleet. Continued discourse of the French 1 Lord Capel, of Tewkesbury. ' Baron Leominster ; afterwards Earl of Pomfret. * See Post, p. 360. II «* * L 322 Diary Of [London invasion, and of ours in France. The eastern wind so constantly blowing, gave our fleet time to unite, which had been so tardy in preparation, that, had not God thus wonderfully favoured, the enemy would in all probability have fallen upon us. Many daily secured, and proclama- tions out for more conspirators. 8th. My kinsman, Sir Edward Evelyn, of Long Ditton, 1 died suddenly. 12th. A fast. 13th. I dined at my cousin Cheny's, son to my Lord Cheny, who married my cousin Pierrepoint. 15th. My niece, M. Evelyn, was now married to Sir Cyril Wyche, Secretary of State for Ireland. 1 — After all our apprehensions of being invaded, and doubts of our success by sea, it pleased God to give us a great naval victory, to the utter ruin of the French fleet, their admiral and all their best men of war, transport-ships, &c. 2gth. Though this day was set apart expressly for cele- brating the memorable birth, return, and restoration of the late King Charles II., there was no notice taken of it, nor any part of the office annexed to the Common Prayer- Book made use of, which I think was ill done, in regard his restoration not only redeemed us from anarchy and con- fusion, but restored the Church of England as it were miraculously. gth June. I went to Windsor to carry my grandson to Eton School, where I met my Lady Stonehouse and other of my daughter-in-law's relations, who came on purpose to see her before her journey into Ireland. We went to see the Castle, which we found furnished and very neatly kept, as formerly, only that the arms in the guard-chamber and keep were removed and carried away. — An exceeding great storm of wind and rain, in some places stripping the trees of their fruit and leaves as if it had been winter; and an extraordinary wet season, with great floods. 23rd [June?]. I went with my wife, son, and daughter, to Eton, to see my grandson, and thence to my Lord Godol- phin's, at Cranburn, where we lay, and were most honour- ably entertained. The next day to St. George's Chapel, and returned to London late in the evening. 25th. To Mr. Hewer's at Clapham, where he has an excellent, useful, and capacious house on the Common, 1 See post, pp. 355-6. 1692] John Evelyn 323 built by Sir Den. Gauden, and by him sold to Mr. Hewer, who got a very considerable estate in the Navy, in which, from being Mr. Pepys's clerk, he came to be one of the principal officers, but was put out of all employment on the Revolution, as were all the best officers, on suspicion of being no friends to the change; such were put in their places, as were most shamefully ignorant and unfit. Mr. Hewer lives very handsomely and friendly to every body. 1 — Our fleet was now sailing on their long pretence of a descent on the French coast ; but, after having sailed one hundred leagues, returned, the admiral and officers dis- agreeing as to the place where they were to land, and the time of year being so far spent, — to the great dishonour of those at the helm, who concerted their matters so indis- creetly, or, as some thought, designedly. This whole summer was exceeding wet and rainy ; the like had not been known since the year 1648; whilst in Ireland they had not known so great a drought. 16th July. I went to visit the Bishop of Lincoln, when, amongst other things, he told me that one Dr. Chaplin, of University College in Oxford, was the person who wrote the Whole Duty of Man; that he used to read it to his pupil, and communicated it to Dr. Sterne, 2 afterwards Archbishop of York, but would never suffer any of his pupils to have a copy of it. xoth August. A fast. — Came the sad news of the hurri- cane and earthquake, which has destroyed almost the whole Island of Jamaica, many thousands having perished. nth. My son, his wife, and little daughter, went for Ireland, there to reside as one of the Commissioners of the Revenue. 14th. Still an exceeding wet season. i$th September. There happened an earthquake, which, though not so great as to do any harm in England, was universal in all these parts of Europe. It shook the house at Wotton, but was not perceived by any save a servant 1 Much will be found concerning him in the Diary and Correspond- ence of Samuel Pepys, edited by Lord Braybrooke, published by Mr. Bohn. 3 Richard Sterne, grandfather of the author of " Tristram Shandy." He attended Archbishop Laud to the scaffold as his chaplain. On the Restoration he was created Bishop of Carlisle, and subsequently Arch- bishop of York. He assisted in the Polyglott and in the revisal of th? Book of Common Prayer. Born 1596, died 1683. 324 Diary Of [London or two, who were making' my bed, and another in a garret. I and the rest being at dinner below in the parlour, were not sensible of it. The dreadful one in Jamaica this summer was profanely and ludicrously represented in a puppet-play, or some such lewd pastime, in the fair of Southwark, which caused the Queen to put down that idle and vicious mock show. 1st October. This season was so exceedingly cold, by reason of a long and tempestuous north-east wind, that this usually pleasant month was very uncomfortable. No fruit ripened kindly. — Harbord dies at Belgrade ; Lord Paget sent Ambassador in his room. 6th November. There was a vestry called about repair- ing or new building of the church [at Deptford], which I thought unseasonable in regard of heavy taxes, and other improper circumstances, which 1 there declared. 10th. A solemn Thanksgiving for our victory at sea, safe return of the King, &c. 20th. Dr. Lancaster, the new Vicar of St. Martin's, preached. A signal robbery in Hertfordshire of the tax-money bringing out of the north towards London. They were set upon by several desperate persons, who dismounted and stopped all travellers on the road, and guarding them in a field, when the exploit was done, and the treasure taken, they killed all the horses of those whom they stayed, to hinder pursuit, being sixteen horses. They then dismissed those that they had dismounted. 14th December. With much reluctance we gratified Sir J. Rotherham, one of Mr. Boyle's trustees, by admitting the Bishop of Bath and Wells 1 to be lecturer for the next year, instead of Mr Bentley, who had so worthily acquitted himself. We intended to take him in again the next year. 1692-3. January. Contest in Parliament about a self- denying Act, that no Parliament-man should have any office : it wanted only two or three voices to have been carried. — The Duke of Norfolk's Bill for a divorce thrown out, he having managed it very indiscreetly — The quarrel between Admiral Russell and Lord Nottingham yet un- determined. 4th February. After five days' trial and extraordinary 1 Bishoo Kidder. io93] John Evelyn 325 contest, the Lord Mohun was acquitted by the Lords of the murder of Montford, the player, notwithstanding the Judges, from the pregnant witnesses of the fact, had declared him guilty; but whether in commiseration of his youth, being not eighteen years old, though exceeding dis- solute, or upon whatever other reason, the King himself present some part of the trial, and satisfied, as they report, that he was culpable, 69 acquitted him, only 14 condemned him. Unheard-of stories of the universal increase of witches in New England; men, women, and children, devoting them- selves to the devil, so as to threaten the subversion of the government. 1 — At the same time there was a conspiracy amongst the negroes in Barbadoes to murder all their masters, discovered by overhearing a discourse of two of the slaves, and so preventing the execution of the design. — Hitherto an exceeding mild winter. — France in the utmost misery and poverty for want of corn and subsist- ence, whilst the ambitious King is intent to pursue his conquests on the rest of his neighbours both by sea and land. Our Admiral, Russell, laid aside for not pursuing the advantage he had obtained over the French in the past summer; three others chosen in his place. Dr. Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury's book burnt by the hangman for an expression of the King's title by conquest, on a complaint of Joseph How, a Member of Parliament, little better than a madman. igfh. The Bishop of Lincoln preached in the afternoon at the Tabernacle near Golden Square, set up by him. — Proposals of a marriage between Mr. Draper and my daughter Susanna. — Hitherto an exceeding warm winter, such as has seldom been known, and portending an unprosperous spring as to the fruits of the earth ; our climate requires more cold and winterly weather. The dreadful and astonishing earthquake swallowing up Catania and other famous and ancient cities, with more 1 Some account of these poor people is given in Bray and Manning's History of Surrey, ii. 714, from the papers of the Rev. Mr. Miller, Vicar of Effingham, in that county, who was Chaplain to the King's forces in the Colony from 1692 to 1695. Some of the accused were convicted and executed ; but Sir William Phipps, the Governor, had the good sense to reprieve, and afterwards pardon, several ; and the Queen approved his conduct. 326 Diary Of [London than 100,006 persons in Sicily, on nth January last, came now to be reported amongst us. 26th. An extraordinary deep snow, after almost no winter, and a sudden gentle thaw. — A deplorable earth- quake at Malta, since that of Sicily, nearly as great. 19th March. A new Secretary of State, Sir John Trenchard j 1 the Attorney-General, Somers, made Lord- Keeper, a young lawyer of extraordinary merit. — King William goes towards Flanders; but returns, the wind being contrary. 2ist. I met the King going to Gravesend to embark in his yacht for Holland. 23rd April. An extraordinary wet spring. 27th. My daughter Susanna was married to William Draper, Esq., in the chapel of Ely House, by Dr. Tenison, Bishop of Lincoln (since Archbishop). I gave her in portion 4,000?., her jointure is 500?. per annum. I pray Almighty God to give His blessing to this marriage ! She is a good child, religious, discreet, ingenious, and qualified with all the ornaments of her sex. She has a peculiar talent in design, as painting in oil and miniature, and an extraordinary genius for whatever hands can do with a needle. She has the French tongue, has read most of the Greek and Roman authors and poets, using her talents with great modesty ; exquisitely shaped, and of an agree- able countenance. This character is due to her, though coming from her father. Much of this week spent in ceremonies, receiving visits and entertaining relations, and a great part of the next in returning visits. 1 Of Bloxworth, in Dorsetshire. He had been engaged with the Duke of Monmouth, but escaped out of England, and lived some time abroad, where he acquired a large and correct knowledge of foreign affairs. He was a calm and sedate man, and more moderate than could have been expected from his previous party connection. He was the confidential friend of King William, by whom he had been com- missioned to concert measures with his friends on this side of the water, and ensure his favourable reception. Previously to his appoint- ment of Secretary-of-State, the King had made him Serjeant-at-law, and Chief Justice of Chester. He died in 1694, at the age of forty-six, and is buried at Bloxworth. There is an engraved portrait of Sir John Trenchard in mezzotinto, by James Watson, representing him in the dress of his office, and expressing a weakness which he had in his right hand and arm : also another in armour, from a miniature after the original, by Osias Humphrey, R.A., engraved by Cantlc Bestland. See Hutchins's History of Dorsetshire, vol. Hi. 1693] John Evelyn 327 nth May. We accompanied my daughter to her hus- band's house, 1 where with many of his and our relations we were magnificently treated. There we left her in an apartmemt very richly adorned and furnished, and I hope in as happy a condition as could be wished, and with the great satisfaction of all our friends; for which God be praised ! 14th. Nothing yet of action from abroad. Muttering of a design to bring forces under colour of an expected descent, to be a standing army for other purposes. Talk of a declaration of the French King, offering mighty advantages to the Confederates, exclusive of King William ; and another of King James, with an universal pardon, and referring the composing of all differences to a Parliament. These were yet but discourses ; but some- thing is certainly under it. A Declaration or Manifesto from King James, so written, that many thought it reason- able, and much more to the purpose than any of his former. June. Whit-Sunday. I went to my Lord Griffith's chapel ; the common church-office was used for the King without naming the person, with some other, apposite to the necessity and circumstances of the time. nth. I dined at Sir William Godolphin's; and, after evening prayer, visited the Duchess of Grafton. 21st. I saw a great auction of pictures in the Banquet- ing-house, Whitehall. They had been my Lord Melford's, now Ambassador from King James at Rome, and engaged to his creditors here. Lord Mulgrave and Sir Edward Seymour came to my house, and desired me to go with them to the sale. Divers more of the great lords, &c. , were there, and bought pictures dear enough. There were some very excellent of Vandyke, Rubens, and Bassan. Lord Godolphin bought the picture of the Boys, by Murillo the Spaniard, for 80 guineas, dear enough ; my nephew Glanville, the old Earl of Arundel's head by Rubens, for ^20. Growing late, I did not stay till all were sold. 24th. A very wet hay-harvest, and little summer as yet. gth July. Mr. Tippin, successor of Dr. Parr at Cam- berwell, preached an excellent sermon. 13th. I saw the Queen's rare cabinets and collec- tion of china; which was wonderfully rich and plentiful, but especially a large cabinet, looking-glass frame ai.d 1 At Addiscombe, near Croydon. 328 Diary Of [London stands, all of amber, much of it white, with historical bass- reliefs and statues, with medals carved in them, esteemed worth ^4000, sent by the Duke of Brandenburgh, whose country, Prussia, abounds with amber, cast up by the sea ; divers other China and Indian cabinets, screens, and hang- ings. In her library were many books in English, French, and Dutch, of all sorts ; a cupboard of gold plate; a cabinet of silver filagree, which I think was our Queen Mary's, 1 and which, in my opinion, should have been generously sent to her. iSth. I dined with Lord Mulgrave, with the Earl of Devonshire, Mr. Hampden (a scholar and fine gentleman), Dr. Davenant, 2 Sir Henry Vane, and others, and saw and admired the Venus of Correggio, which Lord Mulgrave had newly bought of Mr. Daun for ^250; one of the best paintings I ever saw. 1st August. Lord Capel, Sir Cyril Wyche, and Mr. Duncomb, made Lord-Justices in Ireland; Lord Sydney recalled, and made Master of the Ordnance. 6th. Very lovely harvest-weather, and a wholesome season, but no garden-fruit. 31st October. A very wet and uncomfortable season. 12th November. Lord Nottingham resigned as Secre- tary of State; 3 the Commissioners of the Admiralty outed, and Russel 4 restored to his office. — The season continued very wet, as it had nearly all the summer, if one might call it summer, in which there was no fruit, but corn was very plentiful. 14th. In the lottery set up after the Venetian manner by Mr. Neale, Sir R. Haddock, one of the Commissioners of the Navy, had the greatest lot, ^3000; my coachman £4°- 17th. Was the funeral of Captain Young, who died of the stone and great age. I think he was the first who in the first war with Cromwell against Spain, 5 took the Governor of Havannah, and another rich prize, and struck 1 Mary of Este\ King James's Queen, now with him in France. ' Charles, eldest son of Sir William Davenant, joint inspector of plays, Commissioner of Excise, and Inspector-general of Exports and Imports. His chief work was called " Essays on Trade," in five volumes. Born 1656, died 1714. 8 He was succeeded by Charles Earl of Shrewsbury. * Edward Russell, afterwards Earl of Orford. 6 See vol. i. p. 32a. 1694] John Evelyn 329 the first stroke against the Dutch fleet in the first war with Holland in the time of the Rebellion ; a sober man and an excellent seaman. 2oth. Much importuned to take the office of President of the Royal Society, but I again declined it. Sir Robert Southwell was continued. We all dined at Pontac's, as usual. 3rd December. Mr. Bentley preached at the Taber- nacle, near Golden Square. I gave my voice for him to proceed on his former subject the following year in Mr. Boyle's lecture, in which he had been interrupted by the importunity of Sir J. Rotheram that the Bishop of Chichester 1 might be chosen the year before, to the great dissatisfaction of the Bishop of Lincoln and myself. We chose Mr. Bentley again. — The Duchess of Grafton's Appeal to the House of Lords for the Prothonotary's place given to the late Duke and to her son by King Charles II., now challenged by the Lord Chief Justice. The Judges were severely reproved on something they said. 10th. A very great storm of thunder and lightning. 1693-4. IS * January. Prince Lewis of Baden came to London, and was much feasted. Danish ships arrested carrying corn and naval stores to France. nth. Supped at Mr. Edward Sheldon's, where was Mr. Dryden, the poet, who now intended to write no more plays, being intent on his translation of Virgil. He read to us his prologue and epilogue to his valedictory play now shortly to be acted. 2 1 si. Lord Macclesfield, Lord Warrington, and Lord Westmorland, all died within about one week. Several persons shot, hanged, and made away with themselves. nth February. Now was the great trial of the appeal of Lord Bath and Lord Montagu before the Lords, for the estate of the late Duke of Albemarle. 2 10th March. Mr. Stringfellow preached at Trinity parish, being restored to that place, after the contest between the Queen and the Bishop of London who had displaced him. 22nd. Came the dismal news of the disaster befallen our Turkey fleet by tempest, to the almost utter ruin of l A mistake for Bath and WelU. Bishop Kidder is referred to ; see ante, p. 324. 3 See post, pp. 345, 367. 33° Diary Of [London that trade, the convoy of three or four men-of-war, and divers merchant-ships, with all their men and lading, having perished. 25th. Dr. Goode, minister of St. Martin's, preached ; he was likewise put in by the Queen, on the issue of her process with the Bishop of London. 30th. I went to the Duke of Norfolk, to desire him to make cousin Evelyn of Nuffield one of the Deputy-Lieuten- ants of Surrey, and entreat him to dismiss my brother, now unable to serve by reason of age and infirmity. The Duke granted the one, but would not suffer my brother to resign his commission, desiring he should keep the honour of it during his life, though he could not act. He professed great kindness to our family. ist April. Dr. Sharp, Archbishop of York, preached in the afternoon at the Tabernacle, by Soho. i2th. Mr. Bentley, our Boyie Lecturer, Chaplain to the Bishop of Worcester, came to see me. 15th. One Mr. Stanhope 1 preached a most excellent sermon. 22nd. A fiery exhalation rising out of the sea, spread itself in Montgomeryshire a furlong broad, and many miles in length, burning all straw, hay, thatch, and grass, but doing no harm to trees, timber, or any solid things, only firing barns, or thatched houses. It left such a taint on the grass as to kill all the cattle that eat of it. I saw the attestations in the hands of the sufferers. It lasted many months. — " The Berkeley Castle " sunk by the French coming from the East Indies, worth ^200,000. The French took our castle of Gamboo in Guinea, so that the African Actions fell to ^30, and the India to ^80. — Some regiments of Highland Dragoons were on their march through England ; they were of large stature, well appointed and disciplined. One of them having reproached a Dutch- man for cowardice in our late fight, was attacked by two '• Dutchmen, when with his sword he struck off the head of one, and cleft the skull of the other down to his chin. A very young gentleman named Wilson, the younger son of one who had not above ^200 a-year estate, lived in the garb and equipage of the richest nobleman, for house, 1 Afterwards Dean of Canterbury, a respectable and worthy divine, J who made no scruple to praise and adopt what he found truly pious in ] the works of a Roman Catholic Priest. See post, p. 340. 1694] John Evelyn 331 furniture, coaches, saddle-horses, and kept a table, and all things accordingly, redeemed his father's estate, and gave portions to his sisters, being challenged by one Laws, a Scotchman, was killed in a duel, not fairly. The quarrel arose from his taking away his own sister from lodging in a house, where this Laws had a mistress, which the mistress of the house thinking a disparagement to it, and losing by it, instigated Laws to this duel. He was taken and con- demned for murder. The mystery is how this so young a gentleman, very sober and of good fame, could live in such an expensive manner; it could not be discovered by all possible industry, or entreaty of his friends to make him reveal it. It did not appear that he was kept by women, play, coining, padding, or dealing in chymistry ; but he would sometimes say that if he should live ever so long, he had wherewith to maintain himself in the same manner. He was very civil and well-natured, but of no great force of understanding. This was a subject of much discourse. 24th. I went to visit Mr. Waller, an extraordinary young gentleman of great accomplishments, skilled in mathematics, anatomy, music, painting both in oil and miniature to great perfection, an excellent botanist, a rare engraver on brass, writer in Latin, and a poet; and with all this exceeding modest. His house is an academy of itself. I carried him to see Brompton Park [by Knightsbridge], 1 where he was in admiration at the store of rare plants, and the method he found in that noble nursery, and how well it was cultivated. — A public Bank of ^"140,000, set up by Act of Parliament among other Acts, and Lotteries for money to carry on the war. — The whole month of April without rain. — A great rising of people in Buckingham- shire, on the declaration of a famous preacher, 2 till now reputed a sober and religious man, that our Lord Christ l Belonging to Mr. Wise. See post, p. 367. ' John Mason, who was presented to the rectory of Walter Stratford, in 1674. Granger calls him a man of unaffected piety, and says that he was esteemed to be possessed of learning and abilities above the common level, till he became bewildered in the mysteries of Calvinism. Great numbers of his deluded followers left their homes, and filled all the houses and barns in the neighbourhood of Walter Stratford ; and, when prevented from assembling in their chosen field, they con- gregated in the town. Three pamphlets on the subject were published in 1694, *he )' ear after Mr. Mason's death, one of which has been privately reprinted by the late Rev. Edward Cooke, Rector of Havers- ham, in the same countv. 332 Diary of rwotton appearing to him on the 16th of this month, told him he was now come down, and would appear publicly at Pente- cost, and gather all the saints, Jews and Gentiles, and lead them to Jerusalem, and begin the Millennium, and destroy- ing and judging the wicked, deliver the government of the world to the saints. Great multitudes followed this preacher, divers of the most zealous brought their goods and considerable sums of money, and began to live in imitation of the primitive saints, minding no private con- cerns, continually dancing and singing Hallelujah night and day. This brings to mind what I lately happened to find in Alstedius, that the thousand years should begin this very year 1694 : it is in his Encyclopaedia Biblica. My copy of the book printed near sixty years ago. <\th May. I went this day with my wife and four servants from Sayes Court, removing much furniture of all sorts, books, pictures, hangings, bedding, &c, to furnish the apartment my brother assigned me, and now, after more than forty years, to spend the rest of my days with him at Wotton, where I was born ; leaving my house at Deptford full furnished, and three servants, to my son-in- law Draper, to pass the summer in, and such longer time as he should think fit to make use of it. 6th. This being the first Sunday in the month, the blessed Sacrament of the Lord's Supper ought to have been celebrated at Wotton Church, but in this parish it is exceedingly neglected, so that, unless at the four great Feasts, there is no communion hereabouts ; which is a great fault both in ministers and people. I have spoken to my brother, who is the patron, to discourse the Minister about it. — Scarcely one shower has fallen since the beginning of April. 2oth. This week we had news of my Lord Teviot having cut his own throat, through what discontent not yet said. He had been, not many years past, my colleague in the commission of the Privy Seal, in old acquaintance, very] soberly and religiously inclined. Lord, what are we with- out Thy continual grace ! Lord Falkland, grandson to the learned Lord Falkland, Secretary of State to King Charles I., and slain in his service, died now of the small-pox. He was a pretty, brisk, understanding, industrious young gentleman; had formerly been faulty, but now much reclaimed ; had also 1694] John Evelyn 333 the good luck to marry a very great fortune, besides being entitled to a vast sum, his share of the Spanish wreck, taken up at the expense of divers adventurers. From a Scotch Viscount he was made an English Baron, designed Ambassador for Holland; had been Treasurer of the Navy, and advancing extremely in the new Court. All now gone in a moment, and I think the title is extinct. I know not whether the estate devolves to my cousin Carew. It was at my Lord Falkland's, whose lady importuned us to let our daughter be with her some time, so that that dear child took the same infection, which cost her valuable life. 1 3rd June. Mr. Edwards, minister of Denton, in Sussex, a living in my brother's gift, came to see him. He had suffered much by a fire. — Seasonable showers. 14th. The public Fast. Mr. Wotton, 2 that extraordin- ary learned young man, preached excellently. ist July. Mr. Duncomb, minister of Albury, preached at Wotton, a very religious and exact discourse. The first great Bank for a fund of money being now established by Act of Parliament, was filled and completed to the sum of ^120,000, and put under the government of the most able and wealthy citizens of London. All who adventured any sum had four per cent., so long as it lay in the Bank, and had power either to take it out at pleasure, or transfer it. — Glorious steady weather; corn and all fruits in extraordinary plenty generally. 13th. Lord Berkeley burnt Dieppe and Havre-de-Grace with bombs, in revenge for the defeat at Brest. This manner of destructive war was begun by the French, is exceedingly ruinous, especially falling on the poorer people, and does not seem to tend to make a more speedy end of the war; but rather to exasperate and incite to revenge. — Many executed at London for clipping money, now done to that intolerable extent, that there was hardly any money that was worth above half the nominal value. 4th August. I went to visit my cousin, George Evelyn of Nutfield, where I found a family of ten children, five sons and five daughters — all beautiful women grown, and 1 See ante, pp. 216-222. * The Reverend William Wotton, author of " Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning," "The History of Rome, from the Death of Antoninus Pius, &c," and other works. Born 1666, died 1726. 334 Diary Of [London extremely well-fashioned. All painted in one piece, very well, by Mr. Lutterell, in crayon on copper, and seeming to be as finely painted as the best miniature. They are the children of two extraordinary beautiful wives. The boys were at school. 5th. Stormy and unseasonable wet weather this week. 5*/i October. I went to St. Paul's to see the choir, now finished as to the stone work, and the scaffold struck both without and within, in that part. Some exceptions might perhaps be taken as to the placing columns on pilasters at the East tribunal. As to the rest it is a piece of architec- ture without reproach. The pulling out the forms, like drawers, from under the stalls, is ingenious. I went also to see the building beginning near St. Giles's, where seven streets make a star from a Doric pillar placed in the middle of a circular area; said to be built by Mr. Neale, 1 introducer of the late lotteries, in imitation of those at Venice, now set up here, for himself twice, and now one for the State. 28th. Mr. Stringfellow preached at Trinity church. 22nd November. Visited the Bishop of Lincoln [Tenison] newly come on the death of the Archbishop of Canterbury, who a few days before had a paralytic stroke — the same day and month that Archbishop Sancroft was put out. — A very sickly time, especially the small-pox, of which divers considerable persons died. The State Lottery a drawing, Mr. Cock, a French refugee, and a President in the Par- liament of Paris for the Reformed, drew a lot of £1,000 per annum. 29th. I visited the Marquis of Normanby, and had much discourse concerning King Charles II. being poi- soned. — Also concerning the Quinquina which the physi- cians would not give to the King, at a time when, in a dangerous ague, it was the only thing that could cure him (out of envy because it had been brought into vogue by Mr. Tudor, an apothecary), till Dr. Short, to whom the King sent to know his opinion of it privately, he being reputed a Papist (but who was in truth a very honest good Chris- tian), sent word to the King that it was the only thing 1 This Mr. Neale took a large piece of ground on the north side of Piccadilly, of Sir Walter Clarges, agreeing to lay out ^15,000 in building thereon ; but failing to complete his engagement, Sir Walter himself, after great trouble, got the lease out of his hands and built ! what is now called Clarges-street. Malcolm's London, p. 329. > State Lotteries finally closed October 18, 1826. 1695] John Evelyn 335 which could save his life, and then the King enjoined his physicians to give it to him, which they did, and he recov- ered. Being asked by this Lord why they would not pre- scribe it, Dr. Lower said it would spoil their practice, or some such expression, and at last confessed it was a remedy fit only for kings. — Exception was taken that the late Arch- bishop did not cause any of his Chaplains to use any office for the sick during his illness. gth December. I had news that my dear and worthy friend, Dr. Tenison, Bishop of Lincoln, was made Arch- bishop of Canterbury, for which I thank God and rejoice, he being most worthy of it, for his learning, piety, and prudence. 1 ^th. I went to London to congratulate him. He being my proxy, gave my vote for Dr. Williams, to succeed Mr. Bentley in Mr. Boyle's lectures. 29th. The small-pox increased exceedingly, and was very mortal. The Queen died of it on the 28th. 13th January, 1694-5. The Thames was frozen over. The deaths by small-pox increased to five hundred more than in the preceding week. — The King and Princess Anne reconciled, and she was invited to keep her Court at White- hall, having hitherto lived privately at Berkeley-house; she was desired to take into her family divers servants of the late Queen; to maintain them the King has assigned her 5,oooZ. a-quarter. 20th. The frost and continual snow have now lasted five weeks. February. Lord Spencer married the Duke of New- castle's daughter, and our neighbour, Mr. Hussey, married a daughter of my cousin George Evelyn, of Nutfield. yd. The long frost intermitted, but not gone. 17th. Called to London by Lord Godolphin, one of the Lords of the Treasury, offering me the treasurershjp of the hospital designed to be built at Greenwich for worn- out seamen. 24th. I saw the Queen lie in state. 27th. The Marquis of Normanby told me King Charles had a design to buy all King Street, and build it nobly, it being the street leading to Westminster. This might have been done for the expense of the Queen's funeral, which was 50,0001., against her desire. $th March. I went to see the ceremony. Never was so 336 Diary Of [London universal a mourning ; all the Parliament-men had cloaks given them, and four hundred poor women; all the streets hung, and the middle of the street boarded and covered with black cloth. There were all the Nobility, Mayor, Aldermen, Judges, &c. 8th. I supped at the Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry's, who related to me the pious behaviour of the Queen in all her sickness, which was admirable. She never inquired of what opinion persons were, who were objects of charity ; that, on opening a cabinet, a paper was found wherein she had desired that her body might not be opened, or any extra- ordinary expense at her funeral, whenever she should die. This paper was not found in time to be observed. There were other excellent things under her own hand, to the very least of her debts, which were very small, and everything in that exact method, as seldom is found in any private person. In sum, she was such an admirable woman, abating for taking the Crown without a more due apology, as does, if possible, outdo the renowned Queen Elizabeth. 10th. I dined at the Earl of Sunderland's with Lord Spencer. My Lord showed me his library, now again improved by many books bought at the sale of Sir Charles Scarborough, an eminent physician, 1 which was the very best collection, especially of mathematical books, that was I believe in Europe, once designed for the King's Library at St. James's; but the Queen's dying, who was the great patroness of that design, it was let fall, and the books were miserably dissipated. The new edition of Camden's Britannia was now pub- lished (by Bishop Gibson), with great additions; those to Surrey were mine, so that I had one presented to me. Dr. Gale showed me a MS. of some parts of the New Testa- ment in vulgar Latin, that had belonged to a monastery in the North of Scotland, which he esteemed to be about eight hundred years old ; there were some considerable various readings observable, as in John i. , and genealogy of St. Luke. 2/\th. Easter-day . Mr. Duncomb, parson of this parish, preached, which he hardly comes to above once a year though but seven or eight miles off ; 2 a florid discourse, 1 See vol. i. p. 284. ' This was William Duncomb, Rector of Ashsted, in Surrey, not Mr Duncomb, of Albury, mentioned in pp. 333 and 338. 1695] John Evelyn 337 read out of his notes. The Holy Sacrament followed, which he administered with very little reverence, leaving out many prayers and exhortations ; nor was there any oblation. This ought to be reformed, but my good brother did not well consider when he gave away this living and the next [Abinger]. March. The latter end of the month sharp and severe cold, with much snow and hard frost ; no appearance of spring. 315*. Mr. Lucas preached in the afternoon at Wotton. yth April. Lord Halifax died suddenly at London, the day his daughter was married to the Earl of Nottingham's son at Burleigh. Lord H. was a very rich man, very witty, and in his younger days somewhat positive. 14th. After a most severe, cold, and snowy winter, with- out almost any shower for many months, the wind con- tinuing N. and E. and not a leaf appearing; the weather and wind now changed, some showers fell, and there was a remission of cold. 21st. The spring begins to appear, yet the trees hardly leafed. — Sir T. Cooke discovers what prodigious bribes have been given by some of the East India Company out of the stock, which makes a great clamour. — Never were so many private bills passed for unsettling estates, show- ing the wonderful prodigality and decay of families. 51/1 May. I came to Deptford from Wotton, in order to the first meeting of the Commissioners for endowing an Hospital for Seamen at Greenwich ; it was at the Guildhall, London. Present, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Lord- Keeper, Lord Privy Seal, Lord Godolphin, Duke of Shrews- bury, Duke of Leeds, Earls of Dorset and Monmouth, Commissioners of the Admiralty and Navy, Sir Robert Clayton, Sir Christopher Wren, and several more. The Commission was read by Mr. Lowndes, Secretary to the Lords of the Treasury, Surveyor-General. 171/1. Second meeting of the Commissioners, and a Committee appointed to go to Greenwich to survey the place, I being one of them. 21st. We went to survey Greenwich, Sir Robert Clay- ton, Sir Christopher Wren, Mr. Travers, the King's Sur- veyor, Captain Sanders, and myself. 24th. We made report of the state of Greenwich House, and how the standing part might be made serviceable at 33^ Diary Of [London present for ^6,000, and what ground would be requisite for the whole design. My Lord-Keeper ordered me to prepare a book for subscriptions, and a preamble to it. 3ia-£. Met again. Mr. Vanbrugh 1 was made Secretary to the Commision, by my nomination of him to the Lords, which was all done that day. jth June. The Commissioners met at Guildhall, when there were scruples and contests of the Lord Mayor, 2 who would not meet, not being named as one of the quorum, so that a new Commission was required, though the Lord- Keeper and the rest thought it too nice a punctilio. 14th. Met at Guildhall, but could do nothing for want of a quorum. 5th July. At Guildhall ; account of subscriptions, about 7 or ;£8,ooo. 6th. I dined at Lambeth, making my first visit to the Archbishop, where there was much company, and great cheer. After prayers in the evening, my Lord made me stay to show me his house, furniture, and garden, which were all very fine, and far beyond the usual Archbishop's, not as affected by this, but being bought ready furnished by his predecessor. We discoursed of several public matters, particularly of the Princess of Denmark, who made so little figure. 11th. Met at Guildhall: not a full Committee, so nothing done. 14th. No sermon at Church; but, after prayers, the names of all the parishioners were read, in order to gather- ing the tax of 4s. for marriages, burials, &c. A very imprudent tax, especially this reading the names, so that most went out of the church. igth. I dined at Sir Purbeck Temple's, near Croydon; his lady is aunt to my son-in-law, Draper; the house exactly furnished. Went thence with my son and daughter to Wotton. — At Wotton, Mr. Duncomb, parson of Albury, preached excellently. 28th. A very wet season. nth August. The weather now so cold, that greater 1 Sir John Vanbrugh, the famous dramatist, architect of Blenheim and Castle Howard ; also Clarencieux King at Arms, Comptroller of the Board of Works, and Surveyor of Greenwich Hospital. Born 1672, died 1726. 3 Sir William Ashurst, Knt. 1695] John Evelyn 339 frosts were not always seen in the midst of winter; this succeeded much wet, and set harvest extremely back. 25th September. Mr. Offiey preached at Abinger; too much of controversy on a point of no consequence, for the country people here. This was the first time I had heard him preach. 1 — Bombarding of Cadiz; a cruel and brutish way of making war, first begun by the French. — The season wet, great storms, unseasonable harvest weather. — My good and worthy friend, Captain Gifford, who that he might get some competence to live decently, adventured all he had in a voyage of two years to the East Indies, was, with another great ship, taken by some French men-of-war, almost within sight of England, to the loss of near ^70,000, to my great sorrow, and pity of his wife, he being also a valiant and industrious man. The losses of this sort to the nation have been immense, and all through negligence, and little care to secure the same near our own coasts ; of infinitely more concern to the public than spending their time in bombarding and ruining two or three paltry towns, without any benefit, or weakening our enemies, who, though they began, ought not to be imitated in an action totally averse to humanity, or Christianity. 29th. Very cold weather. — Sir Purbeck Temple, uncle to my son Draper, died suddenly. A great funeral at Addiscombe. His lady being own aunt to my son Draper, he hopes for a good fortune, there being no heir. There had been a new meeting of the Commissioners about Greenwich Hospital, on the new Commission, where the Lord Mayor, &c. appeared, but I was prevented by indisposition from attending. The weather very sharp, winter approaching apace. — The King went a progress into the north, to show himself to the people against the elections, and was everywhere complimented, except at Oxford, where it was not as he expected, so that he hardly stopped an hour there, and, having seen the Theatre, did not receive the banquet proposed. — I dined with Dr. Gale at St. Paul's school, who showed me many curious pas- sages out of some ancient Platonists' MSS. concerning the 1 This gentleman gave good farms in Sussex for the better endow- ment of Oakwood Chapel, a Chapel of ease for the lower parts of Abinger and Wotton, both of which livings are in the gift of the owner of Wotton ; many of the inhabitants thereabouts being distant five miles from their parish churches, and the roads also in winter being extremely bad. 34-0 Diary Of [London Trinity, which this great and learned person would publish, with many other rare things, if he was encouraged, and eased of the burden of teaching. 25th October. The Archbishop and myself went to Hammersmith, to visit Sir Samuel Morland, 1 who was entirely blind ; a very mortifying sight. He showed us his invention of writing, which was very ingenious ; also his wooden kalendar, which instructed him all by feeling ; and other pretty and useful inventions of mills, pumps, &c. , and the pump he had erected that serves water to his garden, and to passengers, with an inscription, and brings from a filthy part of the Thames near it a most perfect and pure water. He had newly buried ^200 worth of music- books six feet under ground, being, as he said, love-songs and vanity. He plays himself psalms and religious hymns on the theorbo. Very mild weather the whole of October. 10th November. Mr. Stanhope, 3 Vicar of Lewisham, preached at Whitehall. He is one of the most accom- plished preachers I ever heard, for matter, eloquence, action, voice, and I am told, of excellent conversation. 131H. Famous fireworks and very chargeable, the King being returned from his progress. He stayed seven or eight days at Lord Sunderland's at Althorpe, where he was mightily entertained. These fireworks were showed before Lord Romney, master of the ordnance, in St. James's great square, where the King stood. 17th. I spoke to the Archbishop of Canterbury to in- terest himself for restoring a room belonging to St. James's library, where the books want place. 21st. I went to see Mr. Churchill's collection of rarities. 23rd. To Lambeth, to get Mr. Williams continued in Boyle's lectures another year. Amongst others who dined there was Dr. Covel, 3 the great Oriental traveller. 1st December. I dined at Lord Sunderland's, now the great favourite and underhand politician, but not adven- turing on any character, being obnoxious to the people for having twice changed his religion. 23rd. The Parliament wondrous intent on ways to reform the coin ; setting out a Proclamation prohibiting the 1 Ante, p. 28. ' Ante, p. 330. * Dr. John Covel, Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Chan- cellor of York. He wrote an account of the Greek Church, which he published just before his death in 1722 in his 85th year. ;*696] John Evelyn 341 Currency of half-crowns, &c. ; which made much confusion among the people. 25th. Hitherto mild, dark, misty weather. Now snow and frost. 1695-6. 12th January. Great confusion and distrac- tion by reason of the clipped money, and the difficulty found in reforming it. 2nd February. An extraordinary wet season, though temperate as to cold. — The Royal Sovereign J man-of-war burnt at Chatham. It was built in 1637, and having given occasion to the levy of Ship-money was perhaps the cause of all the after-troubles to this day. — An earthquake in Dorset- shire by Portland, or rather a sinking of the ground suddenly for a large space, near the quarries of stone, hindering the conveyance of that material for the finishing St. Paul's. 23rd. They now began to coin new money. 26th. There was now a conspiracy of about thirty- knights, gentlemen, captains, many of them Irish and English Papists, and Nonjurors or Jacobites (so called), to murder King William on the first opportunity of his going either from Kensington, or to hunting, or to the chapel ; and, upon signal of fire to be given from Dover Cliff to Calais, an invasion was designed. In order to it there was a great army in readiness, men-of-war and transports, to join a general insurrection here, the Duke of Berwick having secretly come to London to head them, King James attending at Calais with the French army. It was dis- covered by some of their own party, ^"iooo reward was offered to whoever could apprehend any of the thirty named. Most of those who were engaged in it, were taken and secured. The Parliament, City, and all the nation, con- gratulate the discovery ; and votes and resolutions were passed that, if King William should ever be assassinated, it should be revenged on the Papists and party through the nation ; an Act of Association drawing up to empower the Parliament to sit on any such accident, till the Crown should be disposed of according to the late settlement at the Revolution. All Papists, in the mean time, to be banished ten miles from London. This put the nation into an incredible disturbance and general animosity against the French King and King James. The militia of the nation was raised, several regiments were sent for out of Flanders, 1 See vol. i. p. 17. 342 Diary of [London and all things put in a posture to encounter a descent. This j was so timed by the enemy, that whilst we were already | much discontented by the greatness of the taxes, and cor- ruption of the money, &c. , we had like to have had very few men-of-war near our coasts ; but so it pleased God that Admiral Rooke wanting a wind to pursue his voyage to the Straits, that squadron, with others at Portsmouth and other places, were still in the Channel, and were soon brought up to join with the rest of the ships which could be got together, so that there is hope this plot may be broken. I look on it as a very great deliverance and pre- vention by the providence of God. Though many did formerly pity King James's condition, this design of assassination and bringing over a French army, alienated many of his friends, and was likely to produce a more per- fect establishment of King William. isi Match. The wind continuing N. and E. all this week, brought so many of our men-of-war together that, though most of the French finding their design detected and prevented, made a shift to get into Calais and Dunkirk roads, we wanting fire-ships and bombs to disturb them ; yet they were so engaged among the sands and flats, that 'tis said they cut their masts and flung their great guns overboard to lighten their vessels. We are yet upon them. This deliverance is due solely to God. French were to have invaded at once England, Scotland, and Ireland. 8th. Divers of the conspirators tried and condemned. Vesuvius breaking out, terrified Naples. — Three of the unhappy wretches, whereof one was a priest, were executed * for intending to assassinate the King ; they acknowledged their intention, but acquitted King James of inciting them to it, and died very penitent. Divers more in danger, and some very considerable persons. Great frost and cold. 6th April. I visited Mr. Graham in the Fleet. 10th. The quarters of Sir William Perkins and Sir John Friend, lately executed on the plot, with Perkins's head, were set up at Temple Bar, a dismal sight, which many pitied. I think there never was such at Temple Bar till now, except once in the time of King Charles II., namely, of Sir Thomas Armstrong. 2 1 Robert Charnock, Edward King, and Thomas Keys. 1 He was concerned in the Rye-House Plot, fled into Holland, was given up, and executed in his own country, 1684. Soe p. aoa. *6q6] John Evelyn 343 12th. A very fine spring season. igth. Great offence taken at the three ministers 1 who absolved Sir William Perkins and Friend at Tyburn. One of them (Snatt) was a son of my old schoolmaster. This produced much altercation as to the canonicalness of the action. 2 21st. We had a meeting at Guildhall of the Grand Committee about settling the draught of Greenwich Hos- pital. 23rd. I went to Eton, and dined with Dr. Godolphin, the provost. The schoolmaster assured me there had not been for twenty years a more pregnant youth in that place than my grandson. — I went to see the King's House at Kensington. It is very noble, though not great. The gallery furnished with the best pictures [from] all the houses, of Titian, Raphael, Correggio, Holbein, Julio Romano, Bassan, Vandyke, Tintoretto, and others ; a great collection of porcelain ; and a pretty private library. The gardens about it very delicious. 26th. Dr. Sharp preached at the Temple. His prayer before the sermon was one of the most excellent composi- tions I ever heard. 28th. The Venetian Ambassador made a stately entry with fifty footmen, many on horseback, four rich coaches, and a numerous train of gallants. — More executions this week of the assassins. — Oates dedicated a most villainous reviling book against King James, which he presumed to present to King William, who could not but abhor it, speaking so infamously and untruly of his late beloved Queen's own father. 2nd May. I dined at Lambeth, being summoned to meet my co-trustees, the Archbishop, Sir Henry Ashurst, and Mr. Serjeant Rotheram, to consult about settling Mr. Boyle's lecture for a perpetuity; which we concluded upon, by buying a rent-charge of £s° per annum, with the stock in our hands. 6th. I went to Lambeth, to meet at dinner the Countess of Sunderland and divers ladies. We dined in the Arch- bishop's wife's apartment with his Grace, and stayed late; yet I returned to Deptford at night. 131/1. I went to London to meet my son, newly come 1 Mr. Collier, Mr. Snatt, and Mr. Cook, all nonjuring clergymen. 8 Pamphlets upon the subject were written pro and con. now alto- gether forgotten. 344 Diary Of [London from Ireland, indisposed. — Money still continuing exceed- ing scarce, so that none was paid or received, but all was on trust, the Mint not supplying for common necessities. The Association with an oath required of all lawyers and officers, on pain of prcemunire, whereby men were obliged to renounce King James as no rightful king, and to revenge King William's death, if happening by assassination. This to be taken by all the Counsel by a day limited, so that the Courts of Chancery and King's Bench hardly heard any cause in Easter Term, so many crowded to take the oath. This was censured as a very entangling contrivance of the Parliament in expectation, that many in high office would lay down, and others surrender. Many gentlemen taken up on suspicion of the late plot, were now discharged out of prison. 29th. We settled divers officers, and other matters relat- ing to workmen, for the beginning of Greenwich Hospital. June 1st. I went to Deptford to dispose of our goods, in order to letting the house for three years to Vice Admiral Benbow, with condition to keep up the garden. This was done soon after. 4th. A Committee met at Whitehall about Greenwich Hospital, at Sir Christopher Wren's, his Majesty's Sur- veyor-General. We made the first agreement with divers workmen and for materials ; and gave the first order for proceeding on the foundation, and for weekly payments to the workmen, and a general account to be monthly. nth. Dined at Lord Pembroke's, Lord Privy Seal, a very worthy gentleman. He showed me divers rare pictures of very many of the old and best masters, especi- ally one of M. Angelo of a man gathering fruit to give to a woman, and a large book of the best drawings of the old masters. — Sir John Fenwick, one of the conspirators, waaj taken. 1 Great subscriptions in Scotland to their East] India Company. — Want of current money to carry on the] smallest concerns, even for daily provisions in the markets. Guineas lowered to twenty-two shillings, and great sums daily transported to Holland, where it yields more, with] other treasure sent to pay the armies, and nothing con-l 1 He was taken at a house by the side of the road from Great! Bookham to Stoke Dabernon, in Surrey, near Slyfield-mill, as the first] editor of this work, Mr. Bray, was told by the great grandson of Mr. Evelyn. *696] John Evelyn 345 siderable coined of the new and now only current stamp, cause such a scarcity that tumults are every day feared, nobody paying or receiving money ; so imprudent was the late Parliament to condemn the old though clipped and corrupted, till they had provided supplies. To this add the fraud of the bankers and goldsmiths, who having gotten immense riches by extortion, keep up their treasure in expectation of enhancing its value. Duncombe, not long since a mean goldsmith, having made a purchase of the late Duke of Buckingham's estate 1 at near ^90,000, and reputed to have near as much in cash. Banks and Lotteries every day set up. 18th June. The famous trial between my Lord Bath and Lord Montague for an estate of ;£i 1,000 a year, left by the Duke of Albemarle, wherein on several trials had been spent ^20,000 between them. The Earl of Bath was cast on evident forgery. 2 20th. I made my Lord Cheney a visit at Chelsea, and saw those ingenious water-works invented by Mr. Win- stanley, 3 wherein were some things very surprising and extraordinary. 21st. An exceeding rainy, cold, unseasonable summer, yet the city was very healthy. 251/1. A trial in the Common Pleas between the Lady Purbeck Temple and Mr. Temple, a nephew of Sir Purbeck, concerning a deed set up to take place of several wills. This deed was proved to be forged. The cause went on my lady's side. This concerning my son-in-law, Draper, I staid almost all day at Court. A great supper was given to the jury, being persons of the best condition in Bucking- hamshire. 2oth. I went with a select Committee of the Commis- sioners for Greenwich Hospital, 4 and with Sir Christopher Wren, where with him I laid the first stone of the intended 1 At Helmsley, in Yorkshire. " And Helmsley, once proud Buckingham's delight, Slides to a Scrivener or a City-Knight." — Popb. • Post, p. 367. S The ingenious architect who built the Eddystone Lighthouse, and perished in it when blown down by the great storm in 1703. * Sir William Ashurst, Sir Christopher Wren, Sir Thomas Lane, Sir Stephen Evance, John Evelyn, William Draper, Dr. Cade, Mr. Johnson, Mr. Thomas, Captain Gatteridge, Mr. Firmin, Mr. Lake, and Captain Heath, constituted this Committee. n 2 " ¥ 346 Diary Of [Greenwich foundation, precisely at five o'clock in the evening-, after we had dined together. Mr. Flamstead, the King's Astro- nomical Professor, observing the punctual time by instru- ments. 4th July. Note that my Lord Godolphin was the first of the subscribers who paid any money to this noble fabric. 1 1 Subscriptions to Greenwich Hospital; from Mr. Evelyn's Papers. £ *• d. The King ........ 2,000 o Archbishop of Canterbury 500 o o Lord Keeper Somers ..... 500 o o Duke of Leeds, President of the Council . . 500 o o Earl of Pembroke, Lord Privy Seal . . . 500 o o Duke of Devonshire ...... 500 o Duke of Shrewsbury, Secretary of State . . 500 o o Earl of Romney ....... 200 o o Earl of Dorset 500 o o Lord Montague ....... 300 o o Lord Godoiphin, First Commissioner of the Treasury 200 o o Mr. Montague, Chancellor of the Exchequer . 100 o o Mr. Smith, Commissioner of the Treasury . 100 o o Lord Chief-Justice Holt . . . . . 100 o Sir Ste. Fox, Commissioner of the Treasury . 200 o o Earl of Ranelagh ....... 100 o Sir John Lowther ...... 100 o o Mr. Priestman ....... 100 o o Sir George Rooke ...... 100 o o Sir John Houblon ...... 100 o o Lord Chief-Justice Treby ..... 100 o Sir VVm. Trumball, Principal Secretary of State 100 o o Sir Robt. Rich 100 o O Sir. Hen. Goodrick 50 o o Col. Austen ....... 100 o o Sir Tho. Lane ....... 100 o o Sir Patience Ward ...... 100 o o Sir William Ashurst ...... 100 o O Sir John Trevor, Master of the Rolls . . 100 o o Mr. Justice Rokeby . . . . . . 50 o o Mr. Justice Powell ...... 50 o o Mr. Justice Eyre . . . . . . . 50 o o Lord Chief Baron Ward 66 13 4 Mr. Justice Gregory . . . . . . 50 o Mr. Baron Powell 50 o Earl of Portland 500 o o Mr. Baron Powis ...... 40 o O Sir Richard Onslow ...... 100 o Mr. Baron Lechmore 40 o ;£9. The foundation of the noble library now at Blenheim 354 Diary Of [London derful art, as particularly " Tully's Offices, &c." There was a Homer and a Suidas in a very good Greek character and good paper, almost as ancient. This gentleman is a I very fine scholar, whom from a child I have known. His tutor was one Florival of Geneva. 29th. I dined with the Archbishop; but my business was to get him to persuade the King to purchase the late Bishop of Worcester's library, and build a place for his own library at St. James's, in the Park, the present one being too small. yd May. At a meeting of the Royal Society I was nomi- nated to be of the Committee to wait on the Lord Chancel- lor to move the King to purchase the Bishop of Worcester's library (Dr. Edward Stillingfleet). 4th. The Court party have little influence in this Session. yth. The Duke of Ormond restored to his commission. — All Lotteries, till now cheating the people, to be no longer permitted than to Christmas, except that for the benefit of Greenwich Hospital. Mr. Bridgman, chairman of the committee for that charitable work, died ; a great loss to it. He was Clerk of the Council, a very industrious useful man. I saw the library of Dr. John Moore, 1 Bishop of Norwich, one of the best and most ample collection of all sorts of good books in England, and he, one of the most learned men. nth June. After a long drought, we had a refreshing shower. The day before, there was a dreadful fire at Rotherhithe, near the Thames side, which burnt divers ships, and consumed near three hundred houses. — Now died the famous Duchess of Mazarine; she had been the richest lady in Europe. She was niece of Cardinal Mazarine, and was married to the richest subject in Europe, as is said. She was born at Rome, educated in France, and was an extraordinary beauty and wit, but dissolute and impatient of matrimonial restraint, so as to be abandoned by her husband, and banished, when she came into England for 1 Afterwards Bishop of Ely. He died 31 July, 1714. King George the First purchased this library after the Bishop's death, for ^6000, and presented it to the University of Cambridge, where it now is. The gift occasioned two epigrams on the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge : a troop of horse being at this time sent to the former, holding high Torv opinions ; the books to the latter, holding those of the Whigs. The reader will find them printed in Noble's Con- tinuation of Grainger. 1699] John Evelyn 355 shelter, lived on a pension given her here, and is reported to have hastened her death by intemperate drinking strong spirits. She has written her own story and adventures, and so has her other extravagant sister, wife to the noble family of Colon na. 15th. This week died Conyers Seymour, son of Sir Edward Seymour, killed in a duel caused by a slight affront in St. James's Park, given him by one who was envious of his gallantries; for he was a vain foppish young man, who made a great e"cl&t about town by his splendid equipage and boundless expense. He was about twenty-three years old ; his brother, now at Oxford, inherited an estate of ^7000 a year, which had fallen to him not two years before. 19th. My cousin, George Evelyn of Nutfield, died suddenly. 25th. The heat has been so great, almost all this month, that I do not remember to have felt much greater in Italy, and this after a winter the wettest, though not the coldest, that I remember for fifty years last past. 28th. Finding my occasions called me so often to London, I took the remainder of the lease my son had in a house in Dover Street, to which I now removed, not taking my goods from Wotton. 23rd July. Seasonable showers, after a continuance of excessive drought and heat. August. I drank the Shooters' Hill waters. At Dept- ford, they had been building a pretty new church. — The Bishop of St. David's [Watson] deprived for simony. 1 — The city of Moscow burnt by the throwing of squibs. 3rd September. There was in this week an eclipse of the sun, at which many were frightened by the predictions of the astrologers. I remember fifty years ago that many were so terrified by Lilly, that they durst not go out of their houses. — A strange earthquake at New Batavia, in the East Indies. 4th October. My worthy brother died at Wotton, in the 83rd year of his age, of perfect memory and under- standing. He was religious, sober, and temperate, and of so hospitable a nature, that no family in the county main- tained that ancient custom of keeping, as it were, open house the whole year in the same manner, or gave more noble or free entertainment to the county on all occasions, 1 Ante, p. 347. 35^ Diary Of [London so that his house was never free. There were sometimes twenty persons more than his family, and some that stayed there all the summer, to his no small expense; by this he gained the universal love of the county. He was born at Wotton, went from the free-school at Guildford to Trinity College, Oxford, thence to the Middle Temple, as gentle- men of the best quality did, but without intention to study the law as a profession. He married the daughter of Colwall, 1 of a worthy and ancient family in Leicestershire, by whom he had one son; she dying in 1643, left George her son an infant, who being educated liberally, after travelling abroad, 2 returned and married one Mrs. Gore, by whom he had several children, but only three daughters survived. He was a young man of good understanding, but, over-indulging his ease and pleasure, grew so very corpulent, contrary to the constitution of the rest of his father's relations, that he died. My brother afterwards married a noble and honourable lady, relict of Sir John Cotton, she being an Offley, a worthy and ancient Stafford- shire family, by whom he had several children of both sexes. This lady died, leaving only two daughters and a son. The younger daughter died before marriage; the other afterwards married Sir Cyril Wych, a noble and learned gentleman (son of Sir Wych), who had been Ambassador at Constantinople, and was afterwards made one of the Lords Justices of Ireland. Before this mar- riage, her only brother married the daughter of • Eversfield, of Sussex, of an honourable family, but left a I widow without any child living; he died about 1691, and I his wife not many years after, and my brother re-settled the whole estate on me. His sister, Wych, had a portion! of ;£6ooo, to which was added about ^300 more ; the three \ other daughters, with what I added, had about ^5000 each. My brother died on the 5th October, in a good old 1 Mary, daughter and co-heiress of Daniel Caldwell, of Horndon, in Essex. 2 In a letter to his nephew, George Evelyn, then on his travels in Italy, dated 30th March, 1664, Evelyn tells him that his father com-l plained of his expenses, as much exceeding those of his own, which! were known to the young gentleman's father, as all the money passed] through his hands. He says that when he travelled he kept a servant, I sometimes two, entertained several masters, and made no inconsider-J able collection of curiosities, all within ^300 per ann. — In the samel letter, he desires seeds of the ilex, phyllera, myrtle, jessamine, which] he says are rare in England. 1699] John Evelyn 357 age and great reputation, making his beloved daughter v Lady Wych, sole executrix, leaving me only his library and some pictures of my father, mother, &c. She buried him with extraordinary solemnity, rather as a nobleman than as a private gentleman. There were, as I computed, above 2000 persons at the funeral, all the gentlemen of the county doing him the last honours. I returned to London, till my lady should dispose of herself and family. 21st. After an unusual warm and pleasant season, we were surprised with a very sharp frost. I presented my Acetaria, 1 dedicated to my Lord Chancellor, who returned me thanks in an extraordinary civil letter. 15th November. There happened this week so thick a mist and fog, that people lost their way in the streets, it being so intense that no light of candles, or torches, yielded any (or but very little) direction. I was in it, and in danger. Robberies were committed between the very lights which were fixed between London and Kensington on both sides, and whilst coaches and travellers were pass- ing. It begun about four in the afternoon, and was quite gone by eight, without any wind to disperse it. At the Thames, they beat drums to direct the watermen to make the shore. igth. At our chapel in the evening there was a sermon preached by young Mr. Horneck, 2 chaplain to Lord Guil- ford, whose lady's funeral had been celebrated magnifi- cently the Thursday before. A panegyric was now pro- nounced, describing the extraordinary piety and excellently employed life of this amiable young lady. She died in child-bed a few days before, to the excessive sorrow of her husband, who ordered the preacher to declare that it was on her exemplary life, exhortations and persuasion, that he totally changed the course of his life, which was before in great danger of being perverted ; following the mode of this dissolute age. Her devotion, early piety, charity, fastings, economy, disposition of her time in reading, praying, recollections in her own hand-writing of what she heard and read, and her conversation were most exemplary. 24th. I signed Dr. Black wall's election to be the next year's Boyles Lecturer. 1 See Evelyn '» " Miscellaneous Writings," pp. 721-812. • Of the character of this gentleman's father, see p. 178. 35^ Diary Of [London Such horrible robberies and murders were committed, as had not been known in this nation ; atheism, profaneness, blasphemy, amongst all sorts, portended some judgment if not amended ; on which a society was set on foot, who obliged themselves to endeavour the reforming of it, in London and other places, and began to punish offenders and put the laws in more strict execution : which God Almighty prosper I 1 — A gentle, calm, dry, temperate weather all this season of the year, but now came sharj hard frost, and mist, but calm. yrd December. Calm, bright, and warm as in the midd of April. So continued on 21st Jan. — A great earthquak in Portugal. The Parliament reverses the prodigious donations of th Irish forfeitures, which were intended to be set apart for discharging the vast national debt. They called some great persons in the highest offices in question for setting the Great Seal to the pardon of an arch-pirate, 2 who had turned pirate again, and brought prizes into the West Indies, suspected to be connived at on sharing the prey; but the prevailing part in the House called Courtiers, out- voted the complaints, not by being more in number, but by the country-party being negligent in attendance. 1699-1700. 14th January. Dr. Lancaster, Vicar of St. Martin's, dismissed Mr. Stringfellow, who had been made the first preacher at our chapel by the Bishop of Lincoln [Dr. Tenison, now Archbishop], whilst he held St. Martin's by dispensation, and put in one Mr. Sandys, much against the inclination of those who frequented the chapel. — The Scotch book about Darien was burnt by the hangman by vote of Parliament. 3 21st. Died the Duke of Beaufort,* a person of great honour, prudence, and estate. l Post, p. 360. * Captain Kidd ; he was hanged about two years afterwards with some of his accomplices. This was one of the charges brought by the Commons against Lord Somers. 8 The volume alluded to was An Enquiry into the causes of the Mis- carriage of the Scots Colony at Darien: Or an Answer to a Libel, enlituled, A Defence of the Scots abdicating Darien. See Votes of the House of Commons, 15th January, 1699-1700. * Henry Somerset, the first Duke, who exerted himself against the Monmouth Rebellion in 1685, and in 1688 endeavoured to secure. Bristol against the adherents of the Prince of Orange ; upon whose 1700] John Evelyn 359 25th. I went to Wotton, the first time after my brother's funeral, to furnish the house with necessaries, Lady Wych and my nephew Glanville, the executors having sold and disposed of what goods were there of my brother's. — The weather was now altering into sharp and hard frost. One Stephens, 1 who preached before the House of Com- mons on King Charles's Martyrdom, told them that the observation of that day was not intended out of any detesta- tion of his murder, but to be a lesson to other Kings and Rulers, how they ought to behave themselves towards their subjects, lest they should come to the same end. This was so resented that, though it was usual to desire these anni- versary-sermons to be printed, they refused thanks to him, and ordered that in future no one should preach before them, who was not either a Dean or a Doctor of Divinity. 4th February. The Parliament voted against the Scots settling in Darien as being prejudicial to our trade with Spain. They also voted that the exorbitant number of attorneys be lessened (now indeed swarming, and evidently causing lawsuits and disturbance, eating out the estates of people, provoking them to go to law). 18th. Mild and calm season, with gentle frost, and little mizzling rain. The Vicar of St. Martin's frequently preached at Trinity chapel in the afternoon. 8th March. The season was like April for warmth and mildness. — nth. On Wednesday, was a sermon at our chapel, to be continued during Lent. 131/1. I was at the funeral of my Lady Temple, who was buried at Islington, brought from Addiscombe, near Croydon. She left my son-in-law Draper (her nephew) the mansion house of Addiscombe, very nobly and com- pletely furnished, with the estate about it, with plate and jewels, to the value in all of about ^20,000. She was a very prudent lady, gave many great legacies, with ^500 to the poor of Islington, where her husband, Sir Purbeck Temple, was buried, both dying without issue. elevation to the throne, the Duke, refusing to take the oaths, lived in retirement till his death. 1 William Stephens, Rector of Sutton, in Surrey. After the censure of his sermon by the House of Commons, he published it as in defiance. See more of this and of him in Manning and Bray'» History of Surrey, !!. 4*7- 360 Diary Of [London 24th. The season warm, gentle, and exceeding pleasant. — Divers persons of quality entered into the Society for Reformation x of Manners ; and some lectures were set up, particularly in the City of London. The most eminent of the Clergy preached at Bow Church, after reading a declaration set forth by the King to suppress the growing wickedness ; this began already to take some effect as to common swearing, and oaths in the mouths of people of all ranks. 25th. Dr. Burnet preached to-day before the Lord Mayor and a very great congregation, on Proverbs xxvii. 5,6. " Open rebuke is better than secret love ; the wounds of a friend are better than the kisses of an enemy." He made a very pathetic discourse concerning the necessity and advantage of friendly correction. April. The Duke of Norfolk now succeeded in obtaining a divorce from his wife by the Parliament for adultery with Sir John Germaine, a Dutch gamester, of mean extraction, who had got much by gaming ; the Duke had leave to marry again, so that if he should have children, the Dukedom will go from the late Lord Thomas's children, Papists indeed, but very hopeful and virtuous gentlemen, as was their father. The now Duke their uncle is a Protestant. The Parliament nominated fourteen persons to go into Ireland as Commissioners to dispose of the forfeited estates there, towards payment of the debts incurred by the late war, but which the King had in great measure given to some of his favourites of both sexes, Dutch and others of little merit, and very unseasonably. That this might be done without suspicion of interest in the Parliament, it was ordered that no member of either House should be in the Commission. — The great contest between the Lords and Commons concerning the Lords' power of amendments and rejecting bills tacked to the money-bill, carried for the Commons. However, this tacking of bills is a novel prac- tice, suffered by King Charles II., who, being continually in want of money, let anything pass rather than not have wherewith to feed his extravagance. This was carried but by one voice in the Lords, all the Bishops following the Court, save one; so that near sixty bills passed, to the great triumph of the Commons and Country-party, but 1 Ant*, p. 358. itoo] John Evelyn 361 high regret of the Court, and those to whom the King- had given large estates in Ireland. Pity it is, that things should he brought to this extremity, the government of this nation being so equally poised between King and subject ; but we are satisfied with nothing : and, whilst there is no perfec- tion on this side Heaven, methinks both might be contented without straining things too far. Amongst the rest, there passed a law as to Papists' estates, that if one turned not Protestant before eighteen years of age, it should pass to his next Protestant heir. This indeed seemed a hard law, but not only the usage of the French King to his Protestant subjects, but the indiscreet insolence of the Papists here, going in triumphant and public processions with their Bishops, with banners and trumpets in divers places (as is said) in the northern counties, has brought it on their party. 24th. This week there was a great change of State- officers. — The Duke of Shrewsbury resigned his Lord Chamberlainship to the Earl of Jersey, the Duke's indis- position requiring his retreat. Mr. Vernon, Secretary of State, was put out. — The Seal was taken from the Lord Chancellor Somers, though he had been acquitted by a great majority of votes for what was charged against him in the House of Commons. 1 This being in term-time, put some stop to business, many eminent lawyers refusing to accept the office, considering the uncertainty of things in this flunctuating conjuncture. It is certain that this Chan- cellor was a most excellent lawyer, very learned in all polite literature, a superior pen, master of a handsome style, and of easy conversation; but he is said to make too much haste to be rich, as his predecessor, and most in place in this age did, to a more prodigious excess than was ever known. But the Commons had now so mortified the Court- party, and property and liberty were so much invaded in all the neighbouring kingdoms, that their jealousy made them cautious, and every day strengthened the law which pro- tected the people from tyranny. A most glorious spring, with hope of abundance of fruit of all kinds, and a propitious year. loth May. The great trial between Sir Walter Clarges and Mr. Sherwin concerning the legitimacy of the late Duke of Albemarle, on which depended an estate of ^"1500 » Pott, p. 366. 362 Diary Of [Marden a year; the verdict was given for Sir Walter. — lgth. Ser- jeant Wright x at last accepted the Great Seal. 24th. I went from Dover Street to Wotton, for the rest of the summer, and removed thither the rest of my goods from Sayes Court. 2nd June. A sweet season, with a mixture of refreshing showers. gth — 16th. In the afternoon, our clergyman had a Catechism, which was continued for some time. July. I was visited with illness, but it pleased God that I recovered, for which praise be ascribed to Him by me, and that He has again so graciously advertised me of my duty to prepare for my latter end, which at my great age cannot be far off. The Duke of Gloucester, son of the Princess Anne of Denmark, died of the small-pox. i3fh. I went to Marden, which was originally a barren warren bought by Sir Robert Clayton, 2 who built there 3 pretty house, and made such alteration by planting not only an infinite store of the best fruit ; but so changed the natural situation of the hill, valleys, and solitary mountains about it, that it rather represented some foreign country, which would produce spontaneously pines, firs, cypress, yew, holly, and juniper ; they were come to their perfect growth, with walks, mazes, &c, amongst them, and were preserved with the utmost care, so that I who had seen it some years before in its naked and barren condition, was in admiration of it. The land was bought of Sir John Evelyn, of Godstone, and was thus improved for pleasure and retirement by the vast charge and industry of this opulent citizen. He and his lady received us with great civility. — The tombs in the church at Croydon of Arch- bishops Grindal, Whjitgift, and other Archbishops, are fine and venerable ; but none comparable to that of the late Archbishop Sheldon, which, being all of white marble, and of a stately ordinance and carvings, far surpassed the rest, and I judge could not cost less than 700J. or 800L 3 l Sir Nathan Wright, appointed Lord-Keeper, who purchased the manor of and resided at Gothurst, near Newport Pagnell, Bucks. He lies buried in that church, in which are whole-length figures in white marble of the Lord-Keeper in his robes, and his son, George Wright, Esquire, Clerk of the Crown, in his official dress. ' Ante, p. 119. • There is a print of this very beautiful monument in Lysont' iToo] John Evelyn 363 20th September. I went to Beddington, the ancient seat of the Carews, in my remembrance a noble old struc- ture, capacious, and in form of the buildings of the age of Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth, and proper for the old English hospitality, but now decaying with the house itself, heretofore adorned with ample gardens, and the first orange-trees 1 that had been seen in England, planted in the open ground, and secured in winter only by a taber- nacle of boards and stoves removable in summer, that, standing 120 years, large and goodly trees, and laden with fruit, were now in decay, as well as the grotto, fountains, cabinets, and other curiosities in the house and abroad, it being now fallen to a child under age, and only kept by a servant or two from utter dilapidation. The estate and park about it also in decay. 23rd. I went to visit Mr. Pepys at Clapham, where he has a very noble and wonderfully well-furnished house, especially with Indian and Chinese curiosities. The offices and gardens well accommodated for pleasure and retire- ment. 31st October. My birthday, now completed the 80th year of my age. I with my soul render thanks to God, who, of His infinite mercy, not only brought me out of many troubles, but this year restored me to health, after an ague and other infirmities of so great an age, my sight, hearing, and other senses and faculties tolerable, which I implore Him to continue, with the pardon of my sins past, and grace to acknowledge by my improvement of His goodness the ensuing year, if it be His pleasure to protract my life, that I may be the better prepared for my last day, through the infinite merits of my blessed Saviour, the Lord Jesus, Amen ! $th November. Came the news of my dear grandson (the only male of my family now remaining) being fallen ill of the small-pox at Oxford, which after the dire effects of it in my family exceedingly afflicted me ; but so it pleased my most merciful God that being let blood at his first Environs of London, article Croydon, vol. i. p. 193. In the same volume, p. 5a, &c, will be found also an ample account of the family of Carew, named in the succeeding entry, of the house as it now is, with a portrait of Sir Richard Carew, views of the church, monu- ments, &c. 1 Oranges were eaten in this kingdom much earlier than the time of King James I. 3^4 Diary Of [Loadon complaint, and by the extraordinary care of Dr. Mander, (Head of the college and now Vice-Chancellor) who caused him to be brought and lodged in his own bed and bed- chamber, with the advice of his physician and care of his tutor, there were all fair hopes of his recovery, to our infinite comfort. We had a letter every day either from the Vice-Chancellor himself, or his tutor. lyth. Assurance of his recovery by a letter from him- self. There was a change of great officers at Court. Lord Godolphin returned to his former station of first Com- missioner of the Treasury ; Sir Charles Hedges Secretary of State. ^oth. At the Royal Society, Lord Somers, the late Chancellor, was continued President. 8th December. Great alterations of officers at Court, and elsewhere; — Lord Chief Justice Treby died ; he was a learned man in his profession, of which we have now few, never fewer; the Chancery requiring so little skill in deep law-learning, if the practiser can talk eloquently in that Court ; so that probably few care to study the law to any purpose. — Lord Marlborough Master of the Ordnance, in place of Lord Romney made Groom of the Stole. The Earl of Rochester goes Lord Lieutenant to Ireland. 1 700-1. January. I finished the sale of North Stoake in Sussex to Robert Michell, Esq., appointed by my brother to be sold for payment of portions to my nieces, and other incumbrances on the estate. $th. An exceeding deep snow, and melted away as sud- denly. 19th. Severe frost, and such a tempest as threw down many chimneys, and did great spoil at sea, and blew down above twenty trees of mine at Wotton. gth February. The old Speaker laid aside, 1 and Mr. Harley, 2 an able gentleman, chosen. Our countryman, Sir Richard Onslow, had a party for him. 27th. By an order of the House of Commons, I laid 1 Sir Thomas Lyttelton, Bart. 1 Robert Harley, Speaker in three Parliaments in the reign of Queen Anne, Secretary of State, Lord High Treasurer ; attempted to be stabbed by Guiscard, a Frenchman, under examination before the Lords of the Privy Council. Afterwards created Earl of Oxford and Mortimer ; impeached upon the succession of the Houso of Hanover 1 died 1724. i7oi] John Evelyn 365 before the Speaker the state of what had been received and paid toward the building of Greenwich Hospital. 1 Mr. Wye, Rector of Wotton, died, a very worthy good man. I gave it to Dr. Bohun, a learned person and excel- lent preacher, who had been my son's tutor, and lived long in my family. 18th March. I let Sayes Court to Lord Carmarthen, son to the Duke of Leeds. — 28th. I went to the funeral of my sister Draper, 2 who was buried at Edmonton in great state. Dr. Davenant displeased the clergy now met in Convoca- tion by a passage in his book, p. 40. 3 1 John Evelyn, Esq. Dr. to Greenwich Hospital. Received in the year £ s. d. 1696 ........ 3,416 o o 1697 6,836 16 3 1698 14,967 8 4 1699 i4.° 2 4 l 3 4 1700 19,241 1 3 1701, June 16 10,834 a 3 69,320 1 s Per Contra, Creditor. By the Aceompt in £ s. d. 1696 5,915 18 7 1697 8,971 10 4 1698 ",5 8 5 1 S « 1699 19,(114 9 8 1700 ........ 18,013 8 5 1701 ........ 3,000 o o Remain in Cash 219 1 4 69,320 3 5 69,320 3 $ Remain in Lottery Tickets | /•. to be paid in ten years . ) * ''*'" More in Malt Tickets . 1,000 69,320 -■ 12,434 In all 81,754 Besides His Majesty 6,000, and Subscriptions. > Mother of Evelyn's son-in-law. S Charles Davenant, LL.D. (son of Sir William). The book was, Btsays upon the Balance of Power, and the objectionable passage was that in which he says that many of those lately in power have used their utmost endeavours to discountenanca all revealed religion. " Are 366 Diary Of [London April. A Dutch boy of about eight or nine years old was carried about by his parents to show, who had about the iris of one eye, the letters of Deus meus, and of the other Elohim, in the Hebrew character. How this was done by artifice none could imagine ; his parents affirming that he was so born. It did not prejudice his sight, and he seemed to be a lively playing boy. Everybody went to see him ; physicians and philosophers examined it with great accuracy, some considered it as artificial, others as almost supernatural. 4th. The Duke of Norfolk died of an apoplexy, and Mr. Thomas Howard of complicated disease since his being cut for the stone; he was one of the Tellers of the Exchequer. Mr. How made a Baron. May. Some Kentish men delivering a petition to the House of Commons, were imprisoned. 1 A great dearth, no considerable rain having fallen for some months. ijth. Very plentiful showers, the wind coming west and south. — The Bishops and Convocation at difference concerning the right of calling the assembly and dissolving. Atterbury 2 and Dr. Wake 3 writing one against the other. 20th June. The Commons demanded a conference with the Lords on the trial of Lord Somers, which the Lords refused, and proceeding on the trial, the Commons would not attend, and he was acquitted. 4 22nd. I went to congratulate the arrival of that worthy and excellent person my Lord Galway, newly come out of not many of us able to point to several persons, whom nothing has recommended to places of the highest trust, and often to rich benefices and dignities, but the open enmity which they have, almost from their cradles, professed to the Divinity of Christ?" The Convocation on reading the book, ordered papers to be fixed on several doors in West- minster Abbey, inviting the author, whoever he be, or any one of the many, to point out such persons, that they may b« proceeded against. 1 Justinian Champneys, Thomas Culpepper, William Culpepper, William Hamilton, and David Polhill, gentlemen of considerable property and family in the county. There is a very good print of them in five ovals on one plate, engraved by R. White, in 1701. They desired the Parliament to mind the public more, and their private heats less. They were confined till the prorogation, and were much visited. Burnet gives an account of them. ' Afterwards Bishop of Rochester. ' Afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. * Ante, p. 361. i7ox] John Evelyn 367 Ireland, where he had behaved himself so honestly, and to the exceeding satisfaction of the people ; but he was removed thence for being a Frenchman, 1 though they had not a more worthy, valiant, discreet, and trusty person in the two kingdoms, on whom they could have relied for his conduct and fitness. He was one who had deeply suffered, as well as the Marquis his father, for being Protestants. 2 July. My Lord Treasurer made my grandson one of the Commissioners of the prizes, salary ^500 per annum. 8th. My grandson went to Sir Simon Harcourt, the Solicitor-General, to Windsor, to wait on my Lord Treasurer. There had been for some time a proposal of marrying my grandson to a daughter of Mrs. Boscawen, sister of my Lord Treasurer, which was now far advanced. 14th. I subscribed towards re-building Oakwood Chapel, 3 now, after 200 years, almost fallen down. August. The weather changed from heat not much less than in Italy or Spain for some few days, to wet, dripping, and cold, with intermissions of fair. 2nd September. I went to Kensington, and saw the house, plantations, and gardens, the work of Mr. Wise, 4 who was there to receive me. The death of King James happening on the 15th of this month, N. S. , after two or three days' indisposition, put an end to that unhappy Prince's troubles, after a short and unprosperous reign, indiscreetly attempting to bring in Popery, and make himself absolute, in imitation of the French, hurried on by the impatience of the Jesuits ; which the nation would not endure. Died the Earl of Bath, whose contest with Lord Mon- tague about the Duke of Albemarle's estate, claiming under a will supposed to have been forged, is said to have been worth ^10,000 to the lawyers. His eldest son shot himself a few days after his father's death ; for what cause 1 Henry Rouvigne\ Earl of Galway, in Ireland, son of the Marquis, who was Ambassador from France to Charles II. He was created a Peer by King William for his gallantry at the battle of the Boyne, where his brother also fought and was killed. He commanded after- wards both in Italy and Spain, where the fatal battle of Almanza put an end to his military glory. There is a mezzotinto portrait of him by Simon. ' Ante, p. 274. * In the lower part of the parish of Wotton. * Mr. Wise was the great gardener of Brompton Park, ante, p. 331. Set Evplyn'* " Miscellaneous Writing*." pp. 714, 715. 368 Diary Of [London is not clear. He was a most hopeful young man, and had behaved so bravely against the Turks at the siege of Vienna, that the Emperor made him a Count of the Empire. — It was falsely reported that Sir Edward Seymour was dead, a great man; he had often been Speaker, Treasurer of the Navy, and in many other lucrative offices. He was of a hasty spirit, not at all sincere, but head of the party at any time prevailing in Parliament. 2gth. I kept my first courts in Surrey, which took up the whole week. My steward was Mr. Hervey, 1 a Coun- sellor, Justice of Peace, and Member of Parliament, and my neighbour. I gave him six guineas, which was a guinea a-day, and to Mr. Martin, his clerk, three guineas. 31st October. I was this day 81 complete, in tolerable health, considering my great age. December. Great contentions about elections. I gave my vote and interest to Sir R. Onslow and Mr. Weston. 2 2jth. My grandson quitted Oxford. 1701-2. 21st January. At the Royal Society there was read and approved the delineation and description of my Tables of Veins and Arteries, 3 by Mr. Cooper, the chirur- geon, in order to their being engraved. 8th March. The King had a fall from his horse, and broke his collar-bone, and having been much indisposed before, and agueish, with a long cough and other weakness, died this Sunday morning, about four o'clock. I carried my accounts of Greenwich Hospital to the Committee. 12th April. My brother-in-law, Glanville, departed this life this morning after a long languishing illness, leaving a son by my sister, and two grand-daughters. 4 Our rela- 1 Of Betchworth. 3 Of Ockham ; but Mr. Wessell of Bansted (a merchant) carried it against Mr. Weston. 3 Ante, vol. i. pp. 214, 247, 284; ii. p. 34. * One of these daughters became heiress of the family, and married William Evelyn of St. Cleer, in Kent, son of George Evelyn, of Nut- field. He assumed the name of Glanville; but there being only daughters by this marriage, he had two sons by a second wife, and they resumed the name of Evelyn. The first of those sons left a son who died unmarried before he came of age, and a daughter who married Colonel Hume, who has taken the name of Evelyn, but has no child ; the second son of Mr. Glanville Evelyn married Lady Jane Leslie, who became Countess of Rothes, in her own right, and left a son, George William, who became Earl of Rothet in right of bis mother, and died in 1817, leaving no imu* male i7<»] John Evelyn 369 tion and friendship had been long and great. He was a man of excellent parts. He died in the 84th year of his age, and willed his body to be wrapped in lead and carried down to Greenwich, put on board a ship, and buried in the sea, between Dover and Calais, about the Goodwin sands ; which was done on the Tuesday, or Wednesday after. This occasioned much discourse, he having no relation at all to the sea. He was a gentleman of an ancient family in Devonshire, and married my sister Jane. By his prudent parsimony he much improved his fortune. He had a place in the Alienation-Office, and might have been an extraor- dinary man, had he cultivated his parts. My steward at Wotton gave a very honest account of what he had laid out on repairs, amounting to 1900Z. yrd May. The Report of the Committee sent to examine the state of Greenwich Hospital was delivered to the House of Commons, much to their satisfaction. — Lord Godolphin made Lord High Treasurer. Being elected a member of the Society lately incorpor- ated for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, I subscribed 10I. per annum towards the carrying it on. We agreed that every missioner, besides the 20T. to set him forth, should have 50?. per annum out of the stock of the Corporation, till his settlement was worth to him iool. per annum. We sent a young divine to New York. 22nd June. I dined at the Archbishop's with the new- made Bishop of Carlisle, Dr. Nicolson, my worthy and learned correspondent. 2jth. I went to Wotton with my family for the rest of the summer, and my son-in-law, Draper, with his family, came to stay with us, his house at Addiscombe being new- building, so that my family was above thirty. — Most of the new Parliament were chosen of Church of England prin- ciples, against the peevish party. The Queen was mag- nificently entertained at Oxford and all the towns she passed through on her wav to Bath. 315* October. Arrived now to the 82nd year of my age, having read over all that passed since this day twelve- month in these notes, I render solemn thanks to the Lord, imploring the pardon of my past sins, and the assistance of His grace; making new resolutions, and imploring that He will continue His assistance, and prepare me for my blessed Saviour's coming, that I may obtain a comfortable 370 Diary Of [London departure, after so long a term as has been hitherto indulged me. I find by many infirmities this year (especi- ally nephritic pains) that I much decline; and yet of His infinite mercy retain my intellects and senses in great measure above most of my age. I have this year repaired much of the mansion-house and several tenants' houses, and paid some of my debts and engagements. My wife, children, and family in health : for all which I most sin- cerely beseech Almighty God to accept of these my acknow- ledgments, and that if it be His holy will to continue me yet longer, it may be to the praise of His infinite grace, and salvation of my soul. Amen ! 8th November. My kinsman, John Evelyn, of Nut- field, a young and very hopeful gentleman, and Member of Parliament, 1 after having come to Wotton to see me, about fifteen days past, went to London and there died of the small-pox. He left a brother, a commander in the army in Holland, to inherit a fair estate. Our affairs in so prosperous a condition both by sea and land, that there has not been so great an union in Par- liament, Court, and people, in memory of man, which God in mercy make us thankful for, and continue ! The Bishop of Exeter preached before the Queen and both Houses of Parliament at St. Paul's; they were wonderfully huzzaed in their passage, and splendidly entertained in the city. December. The expectation now is, what treasure will be found on breaking bulk of the galleon brought from Vigo by Sir George Rooke, which being made up in an extraordinary manner in the hold, was not begun to be opened till the 5th of this month, before two of the Privy Council, two of the chief magistrates of the city, and the Lord Treasurer. After the excess of honour conferred by the Queen on the Earl of Marlborough, by making him a Knight of the Garter and a Duke, for the success of but one campaign, that he should desire ^5000 a-year to be settled on him by Parliament out of the Post-office, was thought a bold and unadvised request, as he had, besides his own considerable estate, above ^30,000 a-year in places and employments, with ^50,000 at interest. He had married one daughter to the son of my Lord Treasurer Godolphin, another to the Earl of Sunderland, and a third to the Earl of Bridgewater. * For Blechingley, in Surrey. 1703] John Evelyn 371 He is a very handsome person, well-spoken and affable, and supports his want of acquired knowledge by keeping good company. 1702-3. News of Vice-Admiral Benbow's conflict with the French fleet in the West Indies, in which he gallantly behaved himself, and was wounded, and would have had extraordinary success, had not four of his men-of-war stood spectators without coming to his assistance ; for this, two of their commanders were tried by a Council of War, and executed; 1 a third was condemned to perpetual imprison- ment, loss of pay, and incapacity to serve in future. The fourth died. Sir Richard Onslow and Mr. Oglethorpe (son of the late Sir Theo. O.) fought on occasion of some words which passed at a Committee of the House. Mr. Oglethorpe was disarmed. — The Bill against occasional Conformity was lost by one vote. — Corn and provisions so cheap that the farmers are unable to pay their rents. February. A famous cause at the King's Bench between Mr. Fenwick and his wife, 2 which went for him with a great estate. The Duke of Marlborough lost his only son at Cambridge by the small-pox. — A great earth- quake at Rome, &c. — A famous young woman, an Italian, was hired by our comedians to sing on the stage, during so many plays, for which they gave her ^500 ; which part by her voice alone at the end of three scenes she performed with such modesty and grace, and above all with such skill, that there was never any who did anything comparable with their voices. She was to go home to the Court of the King of Prussia, and I believe carried with her out of this vain nation above ^1000, everybody coveting to hear her at their private houses. 26th May. This day died Mr. Samuel Pepys, a very worthy, industrious and curious person, none in England 1 The Captains Kirby and Wade, having been tried and condemned to die by a Court-Martial held on them in the West Indies, were sent home in the " Bristol ;" and, on its arrival at Portsmouth, were both shot on board, not being suffered to land on English ground. 3 She was daughter and heir of Sir Adam Brown, of Betchworth Castle, in Dorking, and married Mr. Fenwick. This suit probably related to a settlement which she had consented to make, by which the estate was limited to them and their issue, and the heir of the sur- vivor. They had one son, who died without issue, and she survived her husband, thereby becoming entitled to dispose of it. 37 2 Diary of n.onnoa exceeding him in knowledge of the navy, In which he had passed through all the most considerable offices, Clerk of the Acts and Secretary of the Admiralty, all which he per- formed with great integrity. When King James II. went out of England, he laid down his office, and would serve no more; but withdrawing himself from all public affairs, he lived at Clapham with his partner, Mr. Hewer, formerly his clerk, in a very noble house and sweet place, where he enjoyed the fruit of his labours in great prosperity. He was universally beloved, hospitable, generous, learned in many things, skilled in music, a very great cherisher of learned men of whom he had the conversation. His library 1 and collection of other curiosities were of the most con- siderable, the models of ships especially. Besides what he published of an account of the navy, as he found and left it, he had for divers years under his hand the History of the Navy, or Navalia, as he called it ; but how far advanced, and what will follow of his, is left, I suppose, to his sister's son, Mr. Jackson, a young gentleman, whom Mr. Pepys had educated in all sorts of useful learning, sending him to travel abroad, from whence he returned with extraordinary accomplishments, and worthy to be heir. Mr. Pepys had been for near forty years so much my particular friend, that Mr. Jackson sent me complete mourning, desiring me to be one to hold up the pall at his magnificent obsequies ; but my indisposition hindered me from doing him this last office. 13th June. Rains have been great and continual, and now, near midsummer, cold and wet. nth July. I went to Addiscombe, sixteen miles from Wotton, to see my son-in-law's new house, the outside, to the coving, being such excellent brickwork, based with Portland stone, with the pilasters, windows, and within, that I pronounced it in all the points of good and solid architecture to be one of the very best gentlemen's houses in Surrey, when finished. I returned to Wotton in the evening, though weary. 251/1. The last week in this month an uncommon long- continued rain, and the Sunday following, thunder and lightning. * His valuable library he gave to Magdalen College, Cambridge, together with his fine collection of prints, where they now remain in a handsome room, and are to this day among the more interesting of the treasure* of that University. 1703] John Evelyn 373 12th August. The new Commission for Greenwich Hos- pital was sealed and opened, at which my son-in-law, Draper, was present, to whom I resigned my office of Treasurer. From August 1696, there had been expended in building ^89,364 145. 8d. 3isf October. This day, being eighty-three years of age, upon examining what concerned me, more particularly the past year, with the great mercies of God preserving me, and in the same measure making my infirmities tolerable, I gave God most hearty and humble thanks, beseeching Him to confirm to me the pardon of my sins past, and to prepare me for a better life by the virtue of His grace and mercy, for the sake of my blessed Saviour. 21st November. The wet and uncomfortable weather staying us from church this morning, our Doctor officiated in my family; at which were present above twenty domestics. He made an excellent discourse on 1 Cor. xv., v - 55» 56, of the vanity of this world and uncertainty of life, and the inexpressible happiness and satisfaction of a holy life, with pertinent inferences to prepare us for death and a future state. I gave him thanks, and told him I took it kindly as my funeral sermon. 26-jth. — The effects of the hurricane and tempest of wind, rain, and lightning, through all the nation, especially London, were very dismal. Many houses demolished, and people killed. As to my own losses, the subversion of woods and timber, both ornamental and valuable, through my whole estate, and about my house the woods crowning the garden-mount, and growing along the park-meadow, the damage to my own dwelling, farms, and outhouses, is almost tragical, not to be paralleled with any thing happen- ing in our age. I am not able to describe it; but submit to the pleasure of Almighty God. yth December. I removed to Dover Street, where I found all well; but houses, trees, garden, &c. at Sayes Court, suffered very much. 31st. I made up my accounts, paid wages, gave rewards and new-year's gifts, according to custom. 1703-4. January. The King of Spain 1 landing at Portsmouth, came to Windsor, where he was magnificently entertained by the Queen, and behaved himself so nobly, l Ch*rlei the Third, afterwards Emperor of Germany, by the titk «f Charlei the Sixth. 374 Diary of [London that everybody was taken with his graceful deportment. After two days, having presented the great ladies, and others, with very valuable jewels, he went back to Ports- mouth, and immediately embarked for Spain. 16th. The Lord Treasurer gave my grandson the office of Treasurer of the Stamp Duties, with a salary of ^300 a-year. 2oth. The fast on the martyrdom of King Charles I. was observed with more than usual solemnity. May. Dr. Bathurst, President of Trinity College, Oxford, now died, 1 I think the oldest acquaintance now left me in the world. He was eighty-six years of age, stark blind, deaf, and memory lost, after having been a person of admirable parts and learning. This is a serious alarm to me. God grant that I may profit by it ! He built a very handsome chapel to the college, and his own tomb. He gave a legacy of money, and the third part of his library, to his nephew, Dr. Bohun, who went hence to his funeral. •jth September. This day was celebrated the thanks- giving for the late great victory, 2 with the utmost pomp and splendour by the Queen, Court, great Officers, Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, Companies, &c. The streets were scaf- folded from Temple Bar, where the Lord Mayor presented her Majesty with the sword, which she returned. Every- Company was ranged under its banners, the City Militia without the rails, which were all hung with cloth suitable to the colour of the banner. The Lord Mayor, Sheriffs, and Aldermen, were in their scarlet robes, with caparisoned j horses; the Knight Marshal on horseback; the Foot- Guards ; the Queen in a rich coach with eight horses, none with her but the Duchess of Marlborough in a very plain garment, the Queen full of jewels. Music and trumpets at every City Company. The great officers of the Crown, Nobility, and Bishops, all in coaches with six horses, besides innumerable servants, went to St. Paul's, where the Dean preached. After this, the Queen went back in the same order to St. James's. The City Companies I feasted all the Nobility and Bishops, and illuminated at I 1 There is a very good Life of him, with his portrait prefixed, bj ] Thomas Warton, Fellow of Trinity College, and Poetry Professor I tt Oxford. 1 Over the French and Bavarians, at Blenheim, 13th August, 1704. I 1704] John Evelyn 375 night. Music for the church and anthems composed by the best masters. The day before was wet and stormy, but this was one of the most serene and calm days that had been all the year. October. The year has been very plentiful. 31st. Being my birthday and the 84th year of my life, after particular reflections on my concerns and passages of the year, I set some considerable time of this day apart, to recollect and examine my state and condition, giving God thanks, and acknowledging His infinite mercies to me and mine, begging His blessing, and imploring His pro- tection for the year following. December. Lord Clarendon presented me with the three volumes of his father's History of the Rebellion. My Lord of Canterbury wrote to me for suffrage for Mr. Clarke's continuance this year in the Boyle Lecture, which I willingly gave for his excellent performance of this year. gth February. I went to wait on my Lord Treasurer, where was the victorious Duke of Marlborough, who came to me and took me by the hand with extraordinary fami- liarity and civility, as formerly he was used to do, without any alteration of his good-nature. He had a most rich George in a sardonyx set with diamonds of very great value; for the rest, very plain. I had not seen him for some years, and believed he might have forgotten me. 21st. Remarkable fine weather. Agues and small-pox much in every place. nth March. An exceeding dry season. — Great loss by fire, burning the outhouses and famous stable of the Earl of Nottingham, at Burleigh [Rutlandshire], full of rich goods and furniture, by the carelessness of a servant. A little before, the same happened at Lord Pembroke's, at Wilton. The old Countess of Northumberland, Dowager of Algernon Percy, Admiral of the Fleet to King Charles I., died in the 83rd year of her age. She was sister to the Earl of Suffolk, and left a great estate, her jointure to descend to the Duke of Somerset. 1 May. The Bailiff of Westminster hanged himself. He had an ill report. On the death of the Emperor, there was no mourning 1 This Duke had married Elizabeth Percy, widow of Lord Cole, only daughter and heir to Joceline Percy, the eleventh and last Earl of Northumberland. 37° Diary Of [London worn at Court, because there was none at the Imperial Court on the death of King William. iSth. I went to see Sir John Chardine, 1 at Turnham- Green, the gardens being very fine, and exceeding well planted with fruit. 20th. Most extravagant expense to debauch and cor- rupt votes for Parliament members. I sent my grandson with his party of my freeholders to vote for Mr. Harvey, of Combe. 2 1704-5. 4th January. I dined at Lambeth with the Archbishop of Dublin, Dr. King, a sharp ready man in politics, as well as very learned. June. The season very dry and hot. — I went to see Dr. Dickinson 3 the famous chemist. We had long conversa- tion about the philosopher's elixir, which he believed attainable, and had seen projection himself by one who went under the name of Mundanus, who sometimes came among the adepts, but was unknown as to his country, or abode; of this the Doctor has written a treatise in Latin, full of very astonishing relations. He is a very learned person, formerly a Fellow of St. John's College, Oxford, 4 in which city he practised physic, but has now altogether given it over, and lives retired, being very old and infirm, yet continuing chymistry. I went to Greenwich Hospital, where they now began to take in wounded and worn-out seamen, who are exceed- ing well provided for. The buildings now going on are very magnificent. October. Mr. Cowper 5 made Lord Keeper. Observing 1 See p. 195. ' Sir Richard Onslow and Sir William Scawen were the other candidates, and succeeded. Harvey was a violent Tory. 8 Edmund Dickinson, of Merton College, Oxford, took the degree: of Bachelor of Arts, 22nd June, 1647. He was living in Westminster, in i6q2, in good repute for his practice in the faculty of physic. Ha published several things. Wood's Fasti Oxon., p. 741. * He was afterwards a Fellow of Merton. He died in 1707, aged 84. Campbell, in his edition of the Biog. Brit., speaks very highly of him ; but Kippis, in the new edition of that Work, differs much; from the Doctor's opinions, though he allows him to have been a very learned man. Evelyn must have mistaken Dr. Dickinson as to his not knowing who Mundanus was, for in i<)86 the Doctor printed a letter to him with his answer from Paris ; and in the latter, Mundanus says he| made two projections in his presence Biog. Brit. art. Dickinson. » William Cowper, created a Baron in 1706, and Lord ChancellorJ aftoi warns Viscount Fordwirh »nd Earl Cowper, by Georgr th* Firtt. 1705-6J John Evelyn 377 how uncertain great officers are of continuing long in their places, he would not accept it, unless ^2000 a-year were given him in reversion when he was put out, in considera- tion of his loss of practice. His predecessors, how little time soever they had the seal, usually got ^100,000 and made themselves Barons. — A new Secretary of State. 1 — Lord Abington, Lieutenant of the Tower, displaced, and General Churchill, brother to the Duke of Marlborough, put in. An indication of great unsteadiness somewhere, but thus the crafty Whig party (as called) begin to change the face of the Court, in opposition to the High Church- men, which was another distinction of a party from the Low Churchmen. The Parliament chose one Mr. Smith, Speaker. 2 There had never been so great an assembly of members on the first day of sitting, being more than 450. The votes both of the old, as well as the new, fell to those called Low Churchmen, contrary to all expectation. 31st. I am this day arrived to the 85th year of my age. Lord teach me so to number my days to come, that I may apply them to wisdom ! 1705-6. 1st January. Making up my accounts for the past year, paid bills, wages, and new-year's-gifts, accord- in to custom. Though much indisposed and in so advanced a stage, I went to our chapel [in London] to give God public thanks, beseeching Almighty God to assist me and my family the ensuing year, if He should yet continue my pilgrimage here, and bring me at last to a better life with Him in his heavenly kingdom. Divers of our friends and relations dined with us this day. 2jth. My indisposition increasing, I was exceeding ill this whole week. 3rd February. Notes of the sermons at the chapel in the morning and afternoon, written with his own hand, conclude this Diary. * # * Mr. Evelyn died on the 27th of this month. 1 Charles, Earl of Sunderland. * John Smith, Esq., Member for Andover. END OF THE DIARY U 221 INDEX Abbev'iulk, pin-smiths at, i. 43 Abbot, Arch bishop, hospital of, i. 286 Mr., a scrivener, ii. 120 n. ; con- demned, iL. 140, 141 Abel, Mr., a famous treble, ii. 168 Abington, L.ord, displaced, ii. 377 Acetar-ia, Evelyn's, ii. 357 Acqua Pau^ i. 145 Act of Association drawn up, ii. 341 Obliviom, Cromwell's, 1. 277 Acts olf the Apostles, MS. of, i. 139 Addresses to the King, beginning of, ii. 350 Agrippina, Julia, sepulchre of, i. 159 Aix, btuildings at, i. 81 Aibano, tombs of the Horatii and Curatii, i. 161 Albemarle, George Monk, Duke of, i. 381, 384, 403—406 ; his victory over the Dutch, ii. 5 ; share of a Spanish galleon, ii. 270 ; th e estate of, ii. 320, 345, 367 Alberti, Cherubin, paintings by, 1. 139 Alcoran, the, written on calico, i. 293 Aldobrandini, palace of Cardinal, i, 177, 178 Alessandro, Signor, musician, i. 134 Alexander III., Pope, i. 138 «., 197 VII., Pope, ii. 153 Alibone,_ Judge, a Papist, ii. 278 Allen, Sir Thomas, ii. 63 Allestree, D>r., Dean of Westminster, 1. 349. 35S ; ii. 44 «•> 45> i°i Alleyn, comedian, founder of Dulwich College, ii. 105 Allingtou, Lord, ii. 51 «., 62 Allix, Peter, a French Protestant, ii. 246 »., 259 Alston, Dr., President of the College of Physicians, i. 389 Althorp, seat of Lord Sunderland, ii. 104, 280-282 Amber, pieces of, containing insects, shown at the Royal Society, ii. 169, 170 Amboise, Castle of, i, 71 Ambrosian Library, Milan, L 224 Amsterdam, Evelyn's visit to, i. 23-27 Anabaptists, spread of the, i. 327 Anchorite of Mount Calvary, Paris, i. 252 Anderson, Sir Richard, ii. 154, 179 Andrea del Sarto, paintings by, i. 184, 187 Andrews, Dr., Bishop ofWinton, ii. 134, 135 Angeloni, Signor, his collection of medals and antiquities, i. no, 161, 162 Anglesea, Earl of, ii. 37 Anjou, Duke of, i. 265 Anne of Denmark, Princess, marriage of, ii. 187 ; referred to, ii, 302, 320 ; recon- ciliation with King William of, ii. 335 ; at Oxford, ii. 369 ; at St. Paul's, London, li- 17° Annus Mirabilis, the (T659-60), I. 339 Antenor, founder of Padua, i. 203 Antoninus, column of, i. 167 Antonio, Mark, enameller, i. 274 Antwerp Cathedral, i. 34 tt. description of, i. 33-35 Apollo, Temples of, i. 158 Appian Way, the, i. 146, 147 Aqueduct of Augustus, i. 145 Ara Coeli at Rome, i. 106, 135 Arconati, his gift to the Ambrosian Lib- rary, i. 224 Aretin, epigram on, 1. 207 n. Argyle, Archibald, Marquis of, i. 317 «., 321 ; lands in Scotland in rebellion, ii. 226 ; executed, iL 229 Arlington, Countess of, ii. 191, 262 Henry Bennett, Earl of, i. 361 tt seq. ; ii. a tt seq. \ his house burnt, ii. 96; made Lord Chamberlain, ii. 215; died a Roman Catholic, ii. 240 Armourer, Sir Nicholas, ii. 29 Armstrong, Sir Thomas, proclamation against, ii. 182 ; executed, ii. 202 ; re- ferred to, ii. 342, 343 Arnold, a brewer, and the seven bishops, ii. 278 Arran, Lord, ii. 174, 273 Arsenal, at Florence, i. 187, 188 ; at Venice, L 205, 206 Arundel, of Wardour, Lord, i. 339 ; ii. 61, 207, 265 Thomas, Earl of, I. 15, 30, 37, 39, 164, 209 ; ii. 313 Arundel House, i. 365 ; music at, i. 367 Arundelian Library, bestowed on the Royal Society, ii. 126, 127 Arundelian Marbles, the, iL 31, 32 Ascension-week in Venice, i. 200, 20a Ashburnham, John, ii. 31 n. Ashley, Lord, afterward Earl of Shaftes- bury, ii. 38, 39 Ashrnole, Elias, L 312, 332 ; his library, iL 124, 230 Ashton executed, ii. 313 Ashurst, Sir Henry, ii. 343 Sir William, Lord Mayor, ii. 33S Ash-Wednesday, 1654, Cromwell feasts on, i. 288 Atkins, Sir Jonas, ii. 80 Sir Jonathan, Governor of Barba- does, ii. 92 Atterbury, Bishop, ii. 366 Aubigny, Lord, curios of, i. 367 Audley-End, house of the Earl of Suffolk, i. 307 ; ii. 52 Auger, Sir Anthony, ii. 29 Augustus Csesar, L 145 ; Temple of, L 156 ; mautnleum of, L 169 Aungier, fl-rald, Lord, L 30* n. ; iL 113 379 380 Index Austen, Colonel, ii. 346 Avernus, Lake, i. 157, 158 Avignon, description of, i. 80 Axtall executed, i. 346 Aylesbury, Earl of, ii. 174 Ayliffe, Captain, i. 399 n. Ayscue, Sir George, captured, ii. 4 Backhouse, Sir William, ii. 343 n. Bacon, Sir Edward, ii. 115 Sir Francis, i. 87 Baden, Prince of, in London, ii. 329 Baglioni, paintings by, i. 103, 165 Bagshot Park, ii. 235, 236, 243 Baia, i. 153, 157 Baily, Dr., of St. John's, Oxford, i. 9 Baker, Captain, his attempt of the North- west passage, ii. m Baldero, Dr., i. 350 Ball, Sir Peter, Queen's Attorney, i. 367 Balle, P., his present to the Royal Society, i. 385 Baltazzar di Sienna, arch by, i. 96 Bancroft, Bishop, library of, i. 306 Bank, a public, set up by Act of Parlia- ment, ii. 331, 333 Banks, Sir John, ii. in Baptism, private, censured, ii. 298 Baptist, Signor John, musician, ii. 202, 208 iiarbadoes, conspiracy of negroes at, ii. 325 Barberini, Cardinal Francisco, i. 124, 166 Barclay, Sir John, i. 283 ; ii. 39 Bargrave, Dr., ii. 77 Barillon, Monsieur, French Ambassador, ii. 250 Barlow, Dr., Bishop of Lincoln, i. 391 ; ii. 32, 33, 102 Francis, painter, i. 315 Mrs., the King's mistress, i. 251 Barons, ceremony of creating, i. 353 Barrow, Dr., ii. 101 Bartholomeo, Signor, musician, ii. 141 Barton, Mr., death of, i. 285 Basire, Dr., the French Apostle, L 363, 377 Bassompiere, M. de, i. 46 Bastile, Paris, i. 51 Bath, ceremonies of the Knights of the, i. 352 description of, i. 290 description of a Venetian, i. 194 Earl of, ii. 210, 227, 272, 329, 345 ; death of, ii. 367 Bathurst, Dr., Dean of Wells, ii. 3, 32, ioj^ ; death of, ii. 374 Bauh, sepulchre of Nero's mother at, i. »S9 „ _. Baynton, Sir Edward, the house of, i. 296 Beach, Sir R., ii. 239 Bear Garden, bull-baiting at the, ii. 49 Beaufort, Duke of, ii. 187, 358 Beckford, Lady, ii. 144 Bedford, Earl of, i. 352 ; ii. 36, 208 Bedlam, a visit to, L 323 ; rebuilt after fire. ii. 123 Bellarmine, Cardinal, sepulchre of, L 107 Bellas!*, Lord, ii. 264 Bellsize House Hampstead, ii. no Bel voir Castle, i. 301 Benbow, Vice-Admiral, ii. 371 Benedictine monks, accusation of three, bj Oates, ii, 136 Benlowes, Edward, i. 305 «. Bennett, Sir Henry, afterward* Lord Arlington, i. 361-363 Bentivoglio, Cardinal, gardens of, i. 171 Bentley, Mr., ii. 320, 321, 324, 329,, 330 Berkeley House, ii. 82 Lord George, i. 340; ii. 106, nog — Lord John, ii. 4 «., 82 Lord, burns Dieppe and H avro-de- GrSce, ii. 333 Berkeley, Sir Charles, L 361 Berkenshaw, Mr., a rare artist, i. 388 Berwick, Duke of, ii. 341 Beveridge, Bishop of Bath and Wells, ii. 3M Beverley, churches at, i. 303 Bickerstaff, Sir Charles, ii. 201 Bickerton, Mis. Jane, ii. 69 n., 122 »., 124 M. Billiards, Portuguese game of, ii. 142, M3 Birch, Dr., ii. 262 Bishops, James I I.'i Declaration petitioned against by six, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial of, ii. 278, 279 ; refuse to attend Parliament, ii. 2197 Blackbeath, camp at, ii. 87, 88, 310 ; the fair at, ii. 179 ; English and Scotch regiments on, ii. 233 Blackwall, Dr., ii. 357 Blagg, Mrs., ii. 42, 81 «., 98, 102 Blandford, Dr., Bishop of Worcester, ii. 82 Blathwaite, Mr., Secretary of War ; ii. 271 Blenheim, thanksgiving for victory of, ii. Blois, description of, i. 70, 71 Blood, Colonel, his attempts to s:teal the crown, ii. 60 n, 61 Blount, Sir Henry, a traveller, i. 337 Sir Thomas P., 337 n. Bobart, Jacob, first keeper of the Physic Garden at Oxford, i. 391 n. Bodleian Library, the, i. 293, 294 ; ii. 103 Bohemia, Queen of, buried in Wes;tmin:>t..T Abbey, i. 369 Bohemian insurrection of 1618, i. 4 n. Bohun, Mr., tutor to Evelyn's sen, ii. 56, 173, 188, 365 Bois de Boulogne, muster of gens -y, Sir Richard, his chariot, ii. 245 Bull-baiting in France, i. 253 Burial in churches, the custom of, ii. 177 Burlington, Earl of, ii. 285 Burnet, Dr., Bishop of Sarum, ii. 97, 146, 160, 171^ 294, 297, 301, 307, 318 ; his book nnrnt, ii. 325 Bushell's Wells, at Enstone, i. 390 Byfleet, Lord St. Alban's house at, ii. 125 Cabal, the, ii. 30 Cadiz, bombardment of, ii. 339 Caen, the beauty of, i. 62, 63 Caius Cestius, tomb of, i. 163 Calais, description of, i. 42 Caldwell, Daniel, of Horndon, ii. 356 Mrs., marries George Evelyn, L 13; ii. 356 n. Cambridge, description of the colleges at, i. 305-307 Camden's Britannia published, ii. 336 Campo Santo, at Pisa, i. 90 ; at Rome, i. '35 Vaccino, Rome, i. 103 Can, Dr., ii. 201 Canterbury, Cathedral of, i. 39 Capellu.s, Monsieur, son of Ludovicus, ii. 3 DI Capel, Sir Henry, ii. 25, 126, 134, 193, 375, 32r, 328 Capitol of Rome, the, L 104-106 Caprarola, Palace of, i. 182 Caracci, Annibal, paintings by, L 107, 182 Carew executed, i. 346 Carlingford, Lord, ii. 28 Carlisle, Countess of^ ii. 27a Carmarthen, Marquis of, ii. 304, 305 Carnarvon, Charles, Earl of, 236 ». Carnival, at Naples, i. 151, 15a; at Rome, i. 17a ; at Venice, i. 213, 314 Carr, Sir Robert, i. 386 Carteret, Sir George, Governor of Jersey, I. 350, 377 ; ii. 261 Cartwrignt, Colonel, ii. 64^ Dr., Dean of Ripon, ii. 359 Castel Mellor, Count de, ii. raa, 133, 330, 331 Castillion, Dr., Prebend of Canterbury, ii. in Castle, Mrs., marries her fifth husband, ii. 194 Castlehaven, Earl of, arraignment of, i. 6 Lord, ii. 174, 180 Catherine of Portugal, Queen of Charles II., lands at Portsmouth, i. 370 ; referred to, i. 371, 377 ; ii. 18, 181, 286 Cavaliero Pozzo, his collection of antiqui- ties, i, 128, 129 Cave, Dr. William, ii. 143 Chaplin, Dr., author of the Wholt Duty 0/ Man, ii. 323 Chardin, Monsieur, ii. 149, 150, 192 Sir John, ii. 195, 199, 259, 269, 272, 376 Charenton, Protestant church at, i. 58 Charitable Uses, commission on, i. 372, _ 373.. 375, Charing Cross, regicides executed at, i, 347 . . Charles I., King ; rides in state to open the Short Parliament, i. 13 ; his return from Scotland, i. 14 ; proclamation of peace, i. 40 ; the trial and execution of, i. 245 ; buried at Windsor, i. 289 II., King, birth of, i. 6; his escape after the fight at Worcester, L 273 ; 382 Index Evelyn prints a letter in defence of, i. 340 ; his reception in London, i. 3^1 ; touches for the evil, i. 343 ; coronation °f| *• 353~356 ; rides in state to open Parliament, L 357 ; sailing match with Duke of York, i. 360 ; his marriage, i. 370 ; prorogues Parliament, i. 398 ; visits the fleet at the Nore, 1. 402 ; ordinance of regarding the great fire, ii. 16, 17 «. ; adopts Persian dress, ii. 18 ; his house at Newmarket, ii. 52 ; his love for Mrs. Stuart, ii. 95 n. ; death of, ii. 209 ; his character, ii. 210, 211 ; burial of, ii. 214, 215 ; died a Roman Catholic, ii. 240, 241 " Charles," launch of the, ii. 35 Charleton, Dr. Walter, ii. 178 Charlton, Mr., his collection, li. 263, 308, 318 Charnock, Robert, executed, ii. 34a Charter-house, the, i. 323 Chaucer, Geoffrey, i. 290 Chaworth, Lord, seat of, i. 301 Cbeapstde, people demolish the Cross in, , i- 41 Chelsea College, war prisoners at, i. 396 ; given to the Royal Society, ii. 32 ; Royal Hospital at, ii. 167, 171, 173 Chenonceau, Castle of, 1. 76 Cheny, Lord, ii. 322, 345 Mr., ii. 305 Chesterfield, Karl of, i. 256 { ii. 45, go Chetwin, Rev. Mr., ii. 265 Chicheley, Sir Thomas, ii. 7, 10 Chiffinch, the Kind's closet-keeper, i. 365 Child, Sir Josiah, his seat in Epping Forest, ii. 177 Chi vali, the custom at Padua of, i. 212 Christmas-day in London, 1653, i. 287 Christ's Hospital, Rome, i. 144 ; in London, i. 323 ; ii. 266, 267 Chrysostom, St., i. 98, 330 «. Church of England teaching, Cromwell's proclamation against, i. 313, 314 of South Mailing, consecration of, L 5 Churchill, Francis, Baron, i. 390 ». General, Lieutenant of the Tower, ii. 377 , . Mr., collection of, ii. 340 Mrs., ii. 252 Sir Winston, ii. 320 Cicero, tomb of, 1. 148 ; grot of, i. 148 Cifaccio, a singer, ii. 265, 268 Circumcision, ceremony of, in Rome, L • J 3 6 „ Circus Caracalla, Rome, i. 164 Maximus, Rome, i. 106, 128, 164 Citolin, teaches Evelyn, i. 5 City of London, plan for new, ii. 17 ». Clancarty, Earl of, ii. 281 Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Countess, of, ii. 312 Clanrickarde, Lord, i. 282 Clare, Lord, house of, i. 301 Clarendon, Countess of, ii. 146, 230, 243- «45 Edward, Earl of, Lord Chancellor, i. 349. 374 i »• 4> 7. 9. ai-*3. 32, 34 «., 243 n. Henry, second Earl of, Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland, ii. 234, 240 ; refuse* 10 sit in council with Papists, 11. 285 *, speaks against King William, ii. 295 ; imprisoned in the Tower, ii. 310, 313 Clarendon House, ii. 4, 21 ; pictures at, ii. 39 ; demolition of, ii. 188, 189 Clarges, Sir Walter, ii. 334 n., 361 Clarke, Mr., ii. 375 Claude, J ohn, French Protestant minister, ii. 346 «. Clayton, Sir Robert, Sheriff of London, ii. 82, 114, 119, 120, 140, 141, 332^ 337 Sir T., of Merton College, 1. 351 Clement, Dr., i. 8 executed, i. 346 Clench, Dr., his son's great knowledge; ii. 290-292 ; murdered, ii. 319 Cleveland, Duchess of, the King walks with, ii. 60 ; her children by Charles II., ii. 68, 81, 112, 254 Earl of, i. 381 ; ii. 20 House, ii. 142 Clifden, huge rock at, ii. 138 Clifford, Sir Thomas, afterwards Lord Treasurer, L 392 j ii. 21, 61, 73 ; made Baron, ii. 77 ; resigns Treasurership, ii. 88 ; death of, ii. 90, 91 Clipped money, reforming of, ii. 341 Clock, a curious, i. 309 ; a solar, 1. 347 Coale, Gregory, ii. 21 Cock, Mr., a French refugee, wins £1000 per annum in a lottery, ii. 334 Cocke, Captain, i. 394 Coffee, first use of, in England, i. 10 Coilus, King, i. 318 Coinage of Charles II., i. 367 ; of Rome in 1645, i. 180 Colbert, French Ambassador, ii. ai ; his reception in London, ii. 37, 66, 07 Colchester, state of, after the siege, i. 318 Collins, Captain, sea charts of, ii. 175 Colombiere, natural caves at, i. 74 Column to commemorate the fire of London, ii. 160 Comber, Eleanor, grandmother of Evelyn, i. 2 Comminges, M., French Ambassador, i. 393. 4° a Common Prayer-Book, reformed and ordered to be used, i. 374 Compton, Dr., Bishop of London, ii. 86, 112 ; suspended, ii. 260 Sir William, Master of Ordnance, 1. 361 Conde, Prince de, besieges Paris, i. 246; sups with Charles II., i. 252 Conopios, Nathaniel, at Oxford, i. 10 Conspiracy against King William, ii. 341 Constantine, Arch of, L 116 Conway, Lord, ii. 122 Cook, Sir Robert, i. 260 Cooke, Captain, a singer, i. 308 Colonel, ii. 196 Rev. Edward, ii. 331 n. Sir T., ii. 337 Cooper, Alexander, artist, L 367 tt. Mr., chirurgeon, ii. 368 Rev. Mr., i. 11 Samuel, artist, i. 367 n. Coque, M. le, * French refugee, ii. joj Index 383 Cornbury, Lord, 1. 389, 394 n. ; li. 5 Corn, excessive price of, I. 6 Cornwallis, Lord, ii. 206 Coronation of Charles II., i. 353-356 Corpus Christi, feast of, in Paris, i. 24a Cosin, Dr., Dean of Peterborough, in Paris, i. 266, 270, 271 ; his library, i. 278, 381 Costumes in Venice in 1645, i. 200-202 Cotterell, Sir Charles, ii. 37, 165 Cottington, Lord Treasurer, i. 265 Cotton, I.ady, i. 744, 277 ; death of, i. 388 Sir John, L 3 *., 388 ; ii. 7, 35, 356 Sir Robert, 11 7 Covel, Dr. John, Oriental traveller, ii. 340 Covenant, the Scotch, burnt in London, i. 358 Coventry, description of, i. 300 ; address to the King by the people of, ii. 27o ( 271 Sir William, i. 252, 337, 403; ii. no Cowley, Abraham, ii. 29 Cowper, Mr., ii. 376 Cox, Captain, ii. 36, 75 Coxhall, Rev. Mr., i. 5 Cradock, Dr., Provost of Eton, it. 254 CrafTord, J., takes a tour with Evelyn in England, i. 12 Crane, Mr., Clerk of the Green Cloth, t. 349 , . Craven, William, Lord, 1. 280 *. Creighton, Dr., Bishop of Bath and Wells, i. 364 «., 381 ; ii. 235. Cressy, Dean, i. 383 Crew, Sir Clepesby, i. 243 Crewe, Bishop of Rochester, ii. 251, 260 n. Crime in Genoa, i. 86 Crisp, Sir Nicholas, i. 312 Croft, Dr. Herbert, Bishop of Hereford, ii. 108 Crofts, Lord, ii. 115 Cromwell, Oliver, feasts on Ash Wednes- day, i. 288 ; his proclamation against Church of England preaching, i death and funeral of, i. 333, 334 disinterred and hanged, 1. 350 Cross, the sign of the, L 180 Crowe, Sir Sackville, i. 400 Crowne, John, comedy by, ii. 98 n. Cudworth, Dr., iu 132 CulpepeTj Colonel, strikes Lord Devon- shire, ii. 230 Lord, i. 405 ; ii. j Cuma, most ancient city in Italy, i. 158 Cumberland, Dr., ii. 315 Curtius, Sir William, 1. 389 Custance, Captain, knighted, L 402 Cutler, Alderman Sir John, i. 335 ; ii. 73, 77 . , ,„ , • Cynll, Patriarch of Constantinople, l. 10 Czar, in England, hires Evelyn's house, ii. 35i D'Ada, Count Ferdinand, ii. 250 n., 272 Daincourt, Lord, ii. 98 n. Dampier, Captain, navigator, ii. 351, 352 Danby, Earl of, ii. 195 Dangerfield, whipped for perjury, ii. 279 Darcy, Edward, married to Evelyn's eldest sistei, i. 6 '■ 3M . ; body I >arien, Scotch book about, _ burnt, ii. 358 ; Parliament vote against Scots settling in, ii. 359 Dartmouth, Lord ; elected Master of Trinity House, li. 179, 201, 233 Davenant, Dr. Charles, it. 328, 365, n. Davenant, Sir William, i. 335 «., 363, 37? «• . Davis, Lieutenant, i. 399 ft. Mrs., ii. 19 Deane, Sir Anthony, ship-building designs of, ii. 168, 305, 308. Declaration of liberty of conscience, ii. 276, 277 of universal toleration, ii. 74 Decoys, fowls caught by, i. 31 Deering, Sir Edward, of Surrendon, ii. 146 D'Harcourt, Count, grand Ecuyer, jL 269 Delamere, Lord, sides with the Prince of Orange, ii. 287 Delft, monument to Prince William of Nassau at, i. 22 Delmahoy, Mr., ii. 94 Denbigh, Earl of, i. 390 Denham, Sir John, i. 362, 363 Denmark, Prince George of, his marriage, ii. 186, 187 Deptford, fire in yard at, ii. 27 Derby, execution of Earl of, i. 272 Countess of, ii. 112, 149 Lord, ii. 292, 296 D'Estrades, Marshal, a Privy Councillor, ii. 209 Devonshire, Christian, Ducht.ss of, i. 373 »• William, Earl of, 1. 278 ; Culpeper s assault on, ii. 230 ; Lord Steward, ii. 295, 328, 353 Dickenson, Dr. Edmund, chemist, ii. 376 Dieppe, description of ; i. 62 Digby, Sir Everard, ii. 131 - — - Sir Kenelm, i. 31, 272, 359 ; ii. 50 Dioclesian's Baths at Rome, i. in, 112 Diodati, Signor John, i. 235, 237, 238 Diskvelts, Mynheer, Dutch Ambassador, ii. 269 Dives, Sir Lewis, his escape from prison, i. 267, 268 ; adventures of, i. 272, 273 Diving-bell, trial of a, i. 359 Dobson, William, painter, ii. 207 n. Doge's Palace, Venice, i. 199 Dogs worked in harness, i. 38 Dolben, Dr. John, ii. 121 «. ; made Arch- bishop of York, ii. 187 ; death of, ii. 255 Doncaster, famous for wax lights and stockings, i. 302 Donghi, Cardinal, i. 98 Donna, Count, Swedish Ambassador, ii. Dorel, Major, Governor of Sheerness, n. 80 Dorchester, Countess of, ii. 124 «. ; 251 Marquis of, ii. 25, 252 Doria, house of Prince, i. 86, 87 Dorislaus, burial of, i. 24S Dorset, Countess of, i. 327 Earl of, ii. 89, 296, 337 Dort, Evelyn's visit to, i. 18 3§4 Index Douglas, Lieut.-Gcneral, ii. 305 Dove, Dr., ii. 139, 207 Dover, Countess of, it. 25a Earl of, ii. 264, 318 Downing, Sir George, ii. 8 »., 58 D'Oyly, Sir William, i. 392 ; ii. 3, 9, 18 Draining-engines in use, ii. S2 Drake, Sir Francis, painting of his action in 1580, i. 319 Draper, William, son-in-law of Evelyn, married, ii. 326 ; mansion house of Addiscombe left to, ii. 359 ; Treasurer of Greenwich Hospital, ii. 373 Mrs., mother of Evelyns son-in-law, her death, ii. 365 Drebbell, Cornelius Van, scientist, ii. 8 Drogheda, capture of, i. 25.' Dryden, John, the poet, plays bv, i. 381, 385 ; visits Evelyn, ii. 94 ; refun ed to, ii. 180, 251, 329 Dublin, surrender of, ii. 310 Ducy, Sir William, i. 243, 246 Duelling in England, ii. 230, 253 Dugdale, Mr., witness against Lord Stafford, ii. 156 Sir William, author of the Menasticon, ii. 126, 225 Dulwich College, ii. 105 Dumblaine, Peregrine, Viscount, ii. 195 Dunbarton, Lord, ii. 237 Duncan, Dr., i. 263, 271 ft. Duncomb, Mr., Lord Justice in Ireland, ii. 328 Mr., of Albury, ii. 333, 338 Sir John, ii. 7, 8 Sir Sanders, 1. 9, 161 William, Rector of Ashsted, ii. 336 Duncombe, Charles, M.P., ii. 350 n. Dundonald, Lord, project of, i. 320 Dunkirk, prizes at, i. 39 Duomo of Sienna, i. 97 Duport, Dr. James, Professor of Greek, i. 358; ii. 8 1 Duppa, Bishop, ii. 152 Du Prue, a musician, ii. 141 Duras, L., Dutch Ambassador, ii. 106, 206 Durell, Dr. John, Dean of Windsor, ii. 48 *., 132, 181 Durer, Albert, works by, i. 66, 67, 184, 186 Dutch boy with words in Hebrew character? on his eyes, ii. 366 fleet in the Thames, ii. 26-29 War, the, i. 398 ; ii. 40 ct seq. Eaklk, Dr. John, i. 242 «. ; consecrated Bishop of Worcester, i. 378 Earls, creation of six, i. 352 Earthquake at Lima, in Peru, ii. 277, 278 ; at Smyrna, Greece and Italy, ii. 282 ; in Sicily and Malta, ii. 326; in Portugal, ii. 358 ; in Rome, ii. 371 East India Ambas.sr.dors, entertainment of, ii. 171, 172 Company, house at Antwerp of, i. 35 ; subscriptions tu the Scottish, ii. 344 . . . . Ecclesiastical Commissioners, Constitution of, ii. 259 Eclipse of the sun, 1652, effect of, i. 278 Edgecombe, Sir Richard, ii. 36 Edgehill, Battle of, i. 40 Edict of Nantes abrogated, ii. 246 Eilward the Confessor, gold cross aid chain taken from his coffin, ii. 237 — — VI., his portrait, i. 246; writings by. ii. 151 Edwards, Mr., minister of Denton, ii. 333 Egyptian obelisks in Rome, i. 119, 120, 125, 126, 169 Elector Palatine Frederic, i. 4 n. Elizabeth, Queen, hospital built by, i. 23 ; portrait of, i. 246 ; effigies of, unharmed by the great fire, ii. 15 Elowes, Sir John, ii, 161 Elysian Fields, the, i. 159 Elzevir, printing-house of, i. 28 Embalming, new method of, ii. 169 Encaenia of the New Theatre, Oxford, ii. 4^44 Episcopacy in Scotland, ii. 302 Erasmus, statue of, at Rotteidam, i. 19; Holbein's portrait of, i. 310 Erith, sale of prize ships at, i. 404 Ernley, Sir John, ii. 264 Erskine, Mr., Master of Charter-house, ii. 164 Esquire, Evelyn pays ^ioas an, i. 346 Essex, Capel, Earl of, title created, i. 352 ; his house at Cashiobury, ii. 144, 145 ", referred to, ii. 163 ; imprisoned in the Tower, ii. 182 ; death of, ii. 183 House, ii. 83 «. Essling, M., house of, i. 60 Estcourt, Sir William, ii. 207 «. Este, Princess Beatrice Mary D', married to the Duke of York, ii. 92 Estrades, Marshal de, ii. 299 Etna, eruption of, in 1669, i. 342 n. Evans, Mr., curate of Abinger, ii. 114 Evelin, Monsieur, physician, ii. 49 Evelyn, Sir Edward, elected to Parliament, ii. 223 ; his death, ii. 322 Eleanor, daughter of John Stansfield, mother of John Evelyn, i. 2 ; illness and death of, i. 8, g Eliza, birth of, i. 1 n. ; marriage of, L 6 ; death of, i. 7 Elizabeth, second daughter of John Evelyn, her birth, ii. 31 ; her marriage and death, ii. 234 Sir Frederick, ii. 301 n. George, elder brother of John Evelyn, birth of, i. 1 n. ; his marriage, i. 13 ; his daughter Mary christened, i. 244 ; son born to, i. 277 ; death of Lad; Cotton, second wife of, i. 388 ; his death, "• 355 \ death of his first wife referred to, ii. 356 Captain George, kinsman of John Evelyn, a great traveller, i. 246, 285 ■ George, of Nuffield, a Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey, ii. 330 ; his family, "• 333. 334 '1 dies suddenly, ii. 355 son of George, his marriage, and death of, ii. 356 fourth son o' John Evelyn, i. 324 ; his death, i, 330 Index 385 Evelyn, Jane, sister of John Evelyn, birth of, i. 1 n. ; referred to i. 16 ; married to Mr. Glanville, i. 243 ; her death, i. 273 grand -daughter of John Evelyn, christening of, ii. 319, 330 old Sir John, dormitory of, at church at Godstune, ii. 120 Sir John, of Godstone, i. 246 n. ; forty-first anniversary of his marriage, i. 338; estate of, ii. 119, 120 of Wilts, i. 249 Evelyn, John, birth and parentage of, i. r, 2 ; first recollections of, i. 4 ; lives at Lewes with his grandfather, 1. 5 ; education of ; i. 5, 6 ; his father ap- pointed Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, i. 7 ; death of his mother, i. 8 ; admitted to the Middle Temple, London, i c, ; a Fellow of Baliol, i. 9 ; his life at Oxford, i. 10-13 > S ocs t0 London, i. 13 ; in Holland, i. 18 ; at siege oi Genep, 1. 20 ; arrives at Antwerp, i. 33 ; visits Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend, and returns to England, i. 36-39 ; travels in France, i. 45-83; in Italy, i. 84-229; in Switzer- land, i. 230-240 ; travels down the Rhone, 240 241 ; his marriage with Sir R. Browne's daughter, i. 242 ; returns to London, i. 242 ; purchases Hurcott Manor, i. 244 ; purchases Warley Magna manor, i. 247 ; in Paris again, i. 250- 259; returns to London, i. 260; returns to Paris, i. 261-273 ; prepares to settle down at Deptford, 1. 276 ; his wife reaches England, i. 280 ; robbed near Bromley, i. 280, 281 ; his first child, a son, born, i. 283 ; his garden at Sayes Court, i. 284 ; his second son born, i. 286 ; visits Bath, i. 290 ; at Oxford, i. 291-295 ; at Salisbury, i. 296 ; visits Gloucester, Leicester, York, Lincoln, etc, i. 298-304 ; at Cambridge, i. 305- 307 ; returns to London, i. 308 ; visits Colchester, Ipswich, etc, i. 318, 319 ; in London again, i. 320 ; subscribes to the East India Company, i. 326 ; death of his son Richard, i. 328-330 ; death of his son George, i. 330 ; sees Cromwell's funeral, i. 354 ; his Apology for the King published, 1. 337 ; witnesses the recep- tion of Charles II. in London, i. 341 ; chosen a Fellow of the Philosophic Society, i. 340 ; his History 0/ Chalcography, 1. 351, 372 ; at the coronation of Charles II., i. 353-356; visited by the Duke of York, 1. 368 ; chosen a Commissioner for London, i. 370; visited by Charles II., i. j8r ; death of his son Richard, i. 386 ; visits Oxford, i. 390, 391 ; publishes Tht Mystery oj Jesuitism , i. 394 ; notes the ravages oi the plague, L 403-406 ; goes to London to see the great fire, II. 11- 16 ; his chariot upset, ii. 20 ; Public Employment published, ii. 22^ 23 ; birth of his daughter Elizabeth, ii. 31 ; thanked by Oxford University, ii. 33 ; publishes TJuPtrftction 0/ Fainting, )i. 37 ; presents his History of the Four Jm tors to the King, ii. 40; birth of his daughter Susannah, ii. 41 ; decree of Doctor conferred on him at Oxford, ii. 45 ; nominated one of the Council of Foreign Plantations, ii. 59; at New- market, ii. 66-68 ; his son John admitted to the Middle Temple, ii. 77 ; chosen Secretary to the Royal Society, ii. 84 ; sworn a brother of Trinity House, ii. 85 ; at Windsor, ii. 94-96 ; reads his discourse Of Earth and Vegetation to the Royal Society, ii. ioi ; asked to take charge of the books of the Arundelian Library for the Royal Society, ii. 126: marriage of his son, ii. 143 ; at the trial of Strafford, ii. 154-158 ; his father-in- law dies at his house, ii. 175 ; describes the scene on the frozen Thames in 1684, ii. 196, 197 ; his description of Charles II., it. 210, 211; assists in proclaiming James II., ii. 214 ; death of his daughter Mary, ii. 216 ; listens to James II. 's speech in the House of Lords, ii. 229 ; his daughter Elizabeth dies of small-pox, ii. 234 ; at Winchester, ii. 236-231 ; at Portsmouth, ii. 238, 259 ; appointed a Commissioner of the Privy Seal, ii. 250 ; his visit to Christ's Hospital, ii. 266, 267 ; sees James 1 1, embark at Graves- end, ii. 288 ; sees King William and Mary proclaimed, ii. 294^ ; a spectator of the coronation procession of William and Mary, ii. 297 ; chosen President of the Royal Society, but declines, ii. 312 ; marriage of his daughter Susannah, ii. 326 ; leaves Sayes Court for Wotton, ii. 332 ; attends first meeting of Com- missioners for Greenwich Hospital, ii. 337 ; assists at the laying of the found- ation-stone of Greenwich Hospital, ii. 345) 346 ; lays before the Speaker his statement of Greenwich Hospital building fund, ii. 365 ; illness and death of, ii. 377 Evelyn, John, Stansfield, son of John Evelyn, born, i. 286 third son of John Evelyn, birth of, L 309; at Oxford University, ii. 22 ; leaves Oxford, ii. 41 ; admitted to the Middle Temple, ii. 77 ; made a younger brother of Trinity House, ii. 87 ; his marriage, ii. 142, 143 ; a Commissioner of Revenue in Ireland, ii. 323; his death, ii. 353 grandson of John Evelyn, birth of, ii. 169 ; goes to Eton, ii. 322 ; at Oxford, iL 353; a Commissioner of the prizes, ii. 367 ; Treasurer of Stamp Duties, ii. 374 of Nutfie'd, death of, ii. 370 Martha Maria, gTand-daughter of John Evelyn, birth of, ii. 183 ; her death, ii. 187 Mary, wife of John Evelyn, daughter of Sir R. Browne, referred to, i. 247, 24S et seq. daughter of George Evelyn, christening of, i. 244 *M 386 Index Evelyn, Mary, daughter of John Evelyn, ii. 04, 168 ; her death, ii. 216, 217 Richard, father of John Evelyn, de- scription of i. 1, 2 ; appointed Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex, i. 7 ; illness and death of, i, 14 brother of John Evelyn, birth of, i. 1 n. ; joins his brother at Oxford, i. 13 ; his marriage, i. 244 ; his death, ii. 48 son of John Evelyn, birth of, i. 283 ; his death, i. 328 grandson of John Evelyn, birih of, ii. 159 Susannah daughter of John Evelyn, birth of, ii. 41 ; her marriage, ii. 326 Sir Thomas, ii. 159 William, of Cleer, ii. 368 ». Eversfield, Mr., of Sussex, ii. 144, 159 Evertzen, Captain, capture of, 1. 399 n. \ restored to liberty by the King, i. 400 Euston, seat of Lord Arlington, ii. 66-68, 1 14, 116-119 Ext bange, at Paris, i. 49, 50; at Venice, L 195 ; at London, i. 248 ; ii. 93 Exchequer, shutting up of the, ii. 74 Execution, a Roman, i. 181 ; a Venetian, i. 206 Exeter, Earl of, i. 301 «. Faikiax, Major, ii. 119 Falkenburg, Viscount, ii. 121 Falkland, Lord, Treasurer of the Navy, ii. 202 ; dies of small-pox, ii. 332 Famianus Strada, historian, 1. 132 Fanshawe, Sir Richard, i. 373 n. h'arnese Palace, Rome, i. 102, 142-144 Fast, House of Commons hold a solemn, i. 368 Faubert, Monsieur, ii. 163, 205, 206 Febure, Monsieur, chemist, i. 376 Fell, Dr., Dean of Christ-Church, Oxford, '• 358, 391, 397 ; ii- 45 ; his death, ii. 259 Felton, Sir John, ii. 115 Fenwick, Mr., ii. 173 Sir John, taken, ii. 344 ; beheaded, ii. 348 Ferguson, a Scotch conspirator, ii. 182, 184, 230, 231 Fermor, Sir William, ii. 133, 160, 313, 321 Ferrara, a dirty town, i. 193 Ferrari, Francisco Bernardino, i. 221 n. Ferrers, Barons, their tenure of Oakham, i. 3°° Feversham, Earl of, ii. 210, 229, 288 Fiammingo, works by, i. 112, 123, 259 Field, Dr., Bishop of Oxford, i. 5 Fielding, Lady Mary, marriage of, ii. 270 n. Fiennes, Dr., ii. 204 Fiery exhalation from the sea, destruction by, ii. 330 Finch, Lord Chancellor, ii. 157 Mr., afterwards Earl of Nottingham, i. 39* Sir John, 1. 19 n. Fire of London, the great, ii. n-r6 Firinin, Mr., 302 n. Fitz-Hardinjjj Treasurer of the Household, hii death, u. 8.1 Fitzpatrick, Colonel, ii. 269 Flamel, Nicholas, philosophical writer, i. 66 Flamerin, Monsieur, ii. 203 Flamstead, John, astrologer, ii. 112, 146 Fleetwood, Dr., Bishop of Worcester, ii. 109 Florence, description of, i. 91-95, 184-188 Florival of Geneva, ii. 354 Flying machirles, i. 202 Fog in London, dense, ii. 56, 357 Fontainebleau, description of, i. 58-60 Foutana, Annibal, carvings by, i. 222 Domenico, works of, i. 113, 119-126, 140, 169 Forest of Blois, wolves in, i. 71 of Dean, proposal to plant with oak, '• 377 „• Forster, Sir Humphrey, house of, i. 290 Forum of Trajan, i. 171 Fotherbee, Sir John, 1. 24 Fowler, Dr. Edward, 314 n. Sir Thomas, his aviary, i. 288 Fox, Sir Stephen, referred to, ii. 9 »., 134, 139, 140, 143, 152, 161, 166, 203, 245, 264, 352 Foy, Dr., 11. 352 Frampton, Dr., afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, ii. 73, 84, 253 Francis I. of France, his tomb, i. 44 Francisco de Melos, Don, ii. 25 Signor, musician, ii. 97 Frascati, formerly Tusculum, the beauty of, i. 177 Fraser, Mr., ii. 185 Sir Alexander, physician, ii. 6 Frederick, Sir John, his pageant when Lord Mayor, 363 n. Freeman, Sir Ralph, i. 378 French invasion, fears of, ii. 321 land in Ireland, ii. 308 ; at Teign- mouth, ii. 311 refugees, sermon to, ii. 269 Friend, Sir John, executed, ii. 342, 343 Frigates, the first building of, ii. 306 Fromantil ; a clock-maker, i. 356 Frost Fair on the Thames, ii. 196 »., 197 ». Fuel, a new, ii. 28 Fulham, Dr., ii. 350 J'umi/ugiutn, publication of Evelyn's, L 360 Gaddi, Signor, collection of rarities be- longing to, i. 186, 187 Gale, Dr., schoolmaster of St. Paul's, ii. '75. 336. 339 . Galleys at Marseilles, description of the, i. 81, 82 Galloway, Bishop of, i. 257, 271 w. Lord, i. 336 Galway, Lord, ii. 366, 367 h. Gaming at Court, ii. 34 Garter, Knights of the, ii. 24 Gascoigne, Sir Bernard, ii. 51 Gauden, Sir Den., ii. 323 Gaudy, Sir John, a dumb painter, ii. 115 Gaunt, John of, place of his birth, L 38 ; hospital at Leicester of, i. 300 Geere, Sir R., it. so] Index 387 Genep, the siege of, i. 18 «., 10, 31 Geneva, description of, i. 238-240 Genoa, description of, i. 85-88; besieged by the French, ii. 201. enoese costumes in 1644, i. 88 n. eorge, Prince of Denmark, at London, ii. 186; marriage of, ii. 187 ermaine, Sir John, ii. 360 errard, Charles, Lord, i. 267 — Lady, i. 277, 288 — Sir Gilbert, ii. 253 Ghent, description of, 1. 38 Gibbon, Grinling, introduced to the King, ii. 56 ; the carvings of, ii. 57-60, 138, 139, 146, 205, 263, 265 Mr., a musician, i. 294, 295 Gibbs, Dr., i. 101 «., 144 Gibson, Bishop, publishes Camden's Britannia, ii. 336 Gifford, Captain, captured by the French, "• 33 3 • Giolo, Prince Job, il. 352 n. Giotto, mosaic by, i. 124 Giovanni di Fiesole, the angelic painter, i. 170 Giusti, Count, villa of, i. 219 Gladiators, statues of, i- 102, no, 133 Glanville, George, Evelyn's brother-in-law, i. 285 ; ii. 315 ; his death, ii. 368, 369 Glanville, Sir John, i. 295 William, 1. 285 Gloucester, description of, i. 298 Duke of, death of the, i. 346 son of Princess Anne of Denmark, ii. 362 Glow-worms, book read by light from, i. 192 Godfrey, Sir Edmondbury, the murder of, ii. 130^ 137 Godolphm, Francis, his birth, ii. 127 Henry, ii. 199 Sidney, Lord, ii. 102 ; created a Baron, ii. 203 ; his lodge at Cranbourn, ii. 261, 264 ; referred to, ii. 215, 287, 346, 347. 364 Mrs., ii. 113 ; illness and death of, ii. 127-129 Sir, William, ii. 134, 203, 327 Goffe, Rev. Mr., turns Roman Catholic, i. 20 Gold, ductility of, ii. 190 Golding, Captain, death of, i. 309 •*. Goode, Mr., minister of St. Martin's, ii. 33° Goodman, Dr., ii. 203 Gore, Mrs., married to George Evelyn, ii. 35° Gorges, Sir Arthur, i. 368 Goring, Colonel, L 20, 30 Gosling, a bass singer, ii. 208 Gotefredi, Signer, his collection of medals, i. 177 Governe, Madame de, ii. 258 Grafton, Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, his marriage, ii. 81 ; referred to, ii. 233, 311 ; kills Mr. Stanley in a duel, ii. 253 ; his death, ii. 312 Duchess of, her marriage, ii. 81 ; referred to, ii. 138, 140, 188, 193, 193, 327 ; her appeal to the House of Lords, _ »• 329 Graham, James, ii. 104, 105, 235 Mr., flight of, ii. 313 ; in the Fleet, "• 342 . , .. Grammont, Monsieur de, 11. 6r Grange, Prince de la, at Lincoln's Inn, t. 366 Grantham, town of, i. 304 Gravesend, the Block-house at, i. 17 Greatorix, Mr., his invention to quench fire, L 317 Grebner, the prophetic manuscript of, i. 305 „ . . Greenwich Hospital, the Commissioners for, ii. 337 ; agreements made with work- men, ii. 344 ; Committee of Commis- sioners of, ii. 345 ». ; references to, ii. 365, 369, 373 ; seamen at ( ii. 376 Italian glass-house at, ii. 87 Observatory, ii. 112 Gregory XIII., Pope, summer palace built by, i. in ; chapel of, i. 121 ; hall in Vatican of, i. 137 XIV., Pope, bridge built by, j. 99 Grenadiers, a new sort of soldiers, ii. 123 Grenville, Bernard, ii. 92 Gresham College, commission on, i. 372 ; Royal Society meet at, i. 377 Sir Thomas, statue of, ii. 15 Grew, Nehemiah, physician, ii. 121 n. Grey, Lord, proclamation against, ii. 182 ; joins Monmouth in rebellion, ii. 229 ; captured, ii. 230 ; tried and pardoned, ii. 248 Griffith, Lord, ii. 327 Prince, a Welsh hero, i. 257 Sir J., i. 405 Grindal, Archbishop, tomb of, ii. 362 Grotius, Hugo, his escape from the fort of Lovestein, i. 21 Grotto del Cane, the, i. 154, 155 Guesclin, Bertrand du, Constable of France, i. 44 Guildford, Elizabeth, Countess of, 1. 348 Guildford, Lord, ii. 357 Guise, Duke of, his house, i. 81; palace of, 1. 8a Gunman, Captain, ii. 108 ; funeral of, ii. 222 Gunning, Dr. Peter, Bishop of Ely, i. 327, 33 8 > 339; "• 8 4 «•> 85, 108, 131, 204 Gwynne, Nell, ii. 19 «., 60 n. Hackkt, Dr., Bishop of Litchfield, L 333 Haddock, Sir R., wins .£3000 in a lottery, ii. 328 Haerlem, description of, 1. 37 Hague, the, Queen of Bohemia's Court at, i. 19 ; the Hoff at, i. 22 Hale, Chief-Justice Sir Matthew, ii. 63 «. Sir Edward, ii. 256 Hales, Sir Edward, Governor of Dover Castle, ii. 254 ; Lieutenant of the Tower, ii. 279 Halford, Sir Henry, ii. 178 n. Halifax, Marquis of, ii. in, 215, 387, 304. 337 Hall, a Papist printer, ii. 253, 254 3 88 Index Hall, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, ii. 177 Hamburgh, besieged by King of Denmark, ii. 260, 261 Hamet, Morocco Ambassador, in London, ii. 165-167 ; an honorary member of the Royal Society, ii. 171 Hamilton, Duke of, ii. 174, 245, 373, 283 George, ii. 108 Lady, ii. 108 Hammond, Dr., 1. 293 Hampden, Mr., ii. 155 ; in the Tower, iL 182 ; trial of, ii. 198 Hampton Court, description of, i. 371, 4°3 Hanmer, Sir Thomas, Vandyke's portrait of, ii. 207 Hanover, Duke of, exempted from succes- sion to the British crown, ii. 302 Harbord, Sir Charles, i. 358 Harcourt, Earl of, ii. 301 ». Harley, Colonel Edward, ii. 129 Robert, chosen Speaker, ii. ^64 Harman, Captain, ii. 5 Harpsichord, anew-invented insti ument, «• 3.89 „. , t Harrison, Sir J., house of, 1. 41 Kartlib, Samuel, i. 312, 313 Harvey, Dr., discoverer of the circulation of the blood, statue of, i. 376 Sir Daniel, ii. 5 Hatfield, Lord Salisbury's palace at, i. 41 Hatton Garden, building on, i. 336 Lady, i. 249 Lord, i. 351, 256, 323 Serjeant, cousin of Evelyn, i. 243 Havre de Grace, citadel at, i. 63 Hawley, Lord, ii. 71 Hayes, Sir James, ii. 81 Haymarket, paving of, i. 372 Hayward, Sir William, ii. 248 Haywoodj Sir William, ii. 71 Heard, Sir Isaac, Garter King-at-Arms, ii. 235 Hearth-tax remitted, ii. 296 Hedges, Sir Charles, ii. 364 Heinsius, Daniel, i. 28 Henchman, Dr., i. 338 Henrietta, Princess, in England, L 347 ; marriage of, ii. 56 n. Henry III. of France, i. 46 IV. of France, i. 46, 59, 128 VIII. 's book against Luther, i. 140 «. Henshaw, Thomas, a companion of Evelyn, i. 89, 162, 171 etseq.; his History of Salt-Petre and Gunpowder, i. 359 ; referred to, ii. 106, 146 Herbert, Admiral, ii. 300 Lady, i. 354 — — Lord, ii. 315 Lord Chief-Justice, U. 35S, 272, 273 Mr., nephew of Lord Herbert, ii. 3'S . Sir Edward, 1. 254 Sir Henry, i. 396 Hereford, Bishop of, funeral of, i. 366 Viscount, house of, ii. 116 Hervey, John, Queen's Treasurer, ii. 127 Mr., M.P., ii. 368 Hewer, Dr., condemned, i. 331, 33a Hewer, Mr., his house at Clspbam, H. }»», 333 Heylin, Dr., i. 351 Hicks, Sir William, i. 336 Higgins, Sir Thomas, Resident at Venice, it. 262 Hijham, Mr., parson of Wotton, i. 286, 308 ; his death, ii. 200 Highland Dragoons march through Eng- land, ii. 330 Hoare, Richard, servant of Evelyn, i. 250, 285 Hobbes, Mr., philosopher, i. 268 Holbein, H., paintings by, i. 2S8, 348 ; ii 125, 126, 192 Holden, Dr., i. 253 ; ii. 85, 108, 221 Holland, Evelyn's visit to, in 1641, i. 18 ; the war with, i. 392 ; day of humiliation for war with, i. 398 ; exchange of war prisoners with, i. 400 Sir John, of Suffolk, ii. 18 Hollar, Winceslaus, the sculptor, i. 16, 17 Hoiloway, Judge, ii. 278, 279 Holmes, Sir Robert, ii. 73, 94 ; Governor of the Isle of Wight, ii. 239 Holy Wells, Malvern Hills, virtues of, i. 299 Hooke, Robert, curator to the Royal Society, i. 385, 403 ; ii. 139 Hooper, George, Bishop of Bath and Wells, ii. 163 n. Hopton, Sir Arthur, i. 248 Horneck, Dr., ii. 178 ; chaplain to Ix>rd Guildford, ii. 357 Horse-baiting by dogs, ii. 30 Hoskins, Sir John, ii. 174 Sir Joseph, ii. 149 Hotel Dieu, Paris, i. 51 Houblon, Mr., a London merchant, Ii. J 132, 177, 240 H»ugh, Dr., President of Magdalen Col- lege, Oxford, ii. 312 Hounslow Heath, army camps on, ii. 133, 357, 270, 279, 296 Houses below ground in France, i. 7a How, Joseph, M.P., ii. 335 Howard, Anne, ii. 104 »., lai Bernard, i. 373 ; ii. 207 Charles, amphitheatre of, i. referred to, i. 373 ; ii. 55 Craven, ii.j 104 n. Dorothy, ii. 87, 104 Edward, i. 373 Henry, i. 212, 316, 372, 373 ; ii. 3iJ 32, 68. Mrs., ii. 43, 104 m. of Escrick, Lord, in the Tower, iL 182, 194 Philip, afterwards Cardinal, i. 373 I ii- 49 Sir Robert, 11. io«, 35, 199, 215 Thomas, death of, ii. 366. Huddleston, administers sacrament Charles IL, ii. 210 Humorists, Academy of the, at Rome, L 165 Hungerford, Edward, i. 290, 297 Huntingdon, Countess of, ii. 50, 65 Earl of, iL so Index 389 Huntingtower, Lord, li. 115 Husscy, Mr., his seat at Sutton in Shere, ii. 56, 1 6a Mr., marriage of, ii. 335 Huygens, Constantine, ii. 64 n. Hyde, Dr. Thomas, i. 300 ; ii. 44 n. Henry, second Earl of Clarendon, ii. 182 n. Sst Clarendon — — Lacy Francis, ii. 87 — — Harrietta, ii. 8 Laurence, ii. 142 - Sir Edward, i. 265, 352 ; ii. 172. See Clarendon — — Park, tax on coaches and horses in, i. 285 ; army reviewed in, ii. 254 Hyldiard, Mr., ii. 256, 315 II Conor Gondomar, Spanish Ambas- sador, i. 4, 5 n. Inchiquin, Governor of Tangier, ii. 147 Infirmary, project of the, ii. 3 Inglish, Mrs. Esther, handwriting of, L a 93> *94 Innocent X., i. 98; procession of, i. 129- 131 ; artificial rock of, i. 164 inquisition, dread of the, i. 221, 227 Ipswich, description of, i. 319 ; ii. 115, ti6 Ireland, Sir W. Petty's map of, ii. 09, 100 Ireton, an arch-rebel, news of his death, i. 273 ; funeral of, i. 275, 276 ; body disin- terred and hanged, i. 350 Ironmongers' Company, feast of, ii. 66 Iron ovens, portable, ii. 8 Isaac, Monsieur, dancing-master, ii. 168, 218 Jackson, Mr. . son of Pepy's sister, ii. 372 Jamaica merchants, complaint of the, ii. 6, 77 James, Duke of York, James II. of England, his sailing match with Charles II., i. 360; his visit to Evelyn, i. 368; turns Roman Catholic and marries Princess Mary Beatrice D'Este, ii. 92 «., 93 ; the House of Commons vote against, iL r33 ; escapes shipwreck, ii. I7t ; his accession to the throne, ii. 21 r, 212 ; proclaimed king, ii. 213 ; his coronation, ti, 224 ; Scots grant excise and customs to, ii. 225 ; his speech at the House of Lords, ii. 226 ; at Portsmouth, ii. 239 ; enjoins the ministers to read his declara- tion giving liberty of conscience, ii. 276 ; flight of, ii. 288, 289 ; lands in Ireland, 299, 300 ; returns to France, iL 310 ; his death, ii. 367 Dr. , i. 264 M. Mr., ii. 315 Jardinc Royale, Paris, i. $1 Jeffreys, Sir George, ii. 19 r ; made Lord Chief-Justice, ii. 194 ; made Baron of Wem, ii. 228, 235 ; appointed Lord Chancellor, ii. 245 Jeffryes, Dr., minister of Althorpe, ii. 280 Jenkins, Dr. Leoline, ii. 32 Jermain, Henry, ii. 66 Jennyn, Henry, ii. 25 Jersey, F,»rl of, ii. 361 Jesuits' Church at Rome, L 107, 131, 13a Jews, in Amsterdam, i. 23 ; in Rome, L 136, 137, 181 ; in Venice, i. 2rs Joan d Arc, figure of, on bridge at Orleans, i. 69 John di Bologna, statues by, i. 46, 95 the Baptist, his arm, i. 97 ; Baptisteiy of, Rome, i. 124 Johnson, Samuel, writer of " Julian the Apostate," ii. 198 «. Jones, Sir Henry, ii. 66 Sir William, ii. T55, t$6 Joyliffe, Dr., anatomist, L 246, 321, 526 Julius Caesar, obelisk at Rome dedicated to, i. 119, 120 II., Pope, sepulchre of, i. 129 Jupiter, Temple of, at Terracina, i. 146, _ M7 . Justell, Christopher, it. 198 n. Henry, ii. t98 «., 204, 313 Justinian, the gardens of, i. 173 Justiniani, Signor, Venetian Ambassador, ii. 249 Juxon, Dr., Archbishop of Canterbury, L 35i Keepe, Henry, his pamphlet, ii. 238 h. Keffler, Dr., ii. 8 Keightley, Mrs., ii. 159 Keightly, Thomas, i. 4r, 285 Kello, Bartholomew, rector of Willinghall Spain in Essex, i. 293 ». Ken, Thomas, Bishop of Bath and Wells, gives absolution to Charles II., ii. 209 «.; sermons by, ii. 254, 266, 267 ; ;ent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279 Kendal, Dr., i. 292 fanatic Lord Kendrick, Alderman, Mayor, i. 278 Kensington, bought by King William, ii. . 30s, 343 Kent, Countess of, ii. 47 Earl of, i. 386 Kentish men, imprisonment of five, ii. 366 Kcppel, Arnold Toost Van, created Duke of Albemarle, ii. 353 «. Keys, Thomas, execution of, ii. 341 Kidd, Captain, ii. 357 n. Kidder, Bishop of Bath and Wells, ii. 324 Kildare, Earl of, ii. 161. Killing no Murder, by Colonel Titus, ii. 41 King, Dr., Archbishop of Dublin, ii. 376 Dr., saves the King's life, ii. 208 Edward, execution of, ii. 342 Kingston, Earl of, i. 249 ; ii. 270, 352 Kinsale, surrender of, ii. 312 Kirby, Captain, condemned and shot, ii. 371 *•..,, Kircher, Athanasius, L 107 «., 125, 131, 132, 169, 316 Kitten with eight legs and two bodies, i. 68 Kiviet, Sir John, ii. 21 ; his proposal to wharf the Thames, 21 »., 23 ; draining engines of, ii. 52 Knatchbull, Sir Norton, i. 38a 39° Index Knatchbull, Sir Thomas, ii. 305 Kneller, Evelyn's portrait drawn by, ii. 243. 3°i Knight, Mrs., a mistress of Charles II., 1. 336 ; ii. 19 «. — — Mrs., a singer, ii. 98 Serjeant, chirurgeon, ii. 76 Knox, Rev. Vicesimus, i. 40c n. Lacy, John, comedian, i. 376 »., 378 Lady-day, ceremony in Rome, i. 173 Lago d'Agnano, origin of its name, 1. 154 di Garda, i. 220 Maggiore, i. 228 Lake, John, Bishop of Chichester, joins in the petition against reading the king's declaration of liberty of conscience, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279 Lambeth Palace, rabble attack on, i. 13 Lamot, M.,a French preacher, ii. 270 Lamplugb, Dr., ii. 87 Lancaster! Dr., Vicar of St. Martin's, ii. 324. 358 Lane, Mrs., assists Charles I. to escape after Worcester, i. 273 Sir Thomas, 345 n. La Neve, painter, i. 246 Langdale, Sir Marmaduke, i. 253 Langham, Lady, i. 308 Landsduwne, Lord, ii. 206 Lashford, Sir Richard, ii. 55 Lassels, quoted, i. 87 «., 88 »., gi «., 216 «., 218 n. Lavaran, Madam, a singer, i. 266 Laud, William, Archbishop of Canterbury, i. 10 ; rabble attack his palace, i. 13 Lauderdale, Duke of, his house at Ham, ii. 126 Lawrence, Dr., severity of, i. 10 President of Oliver's Council, i. 324 Sir John, Lord Mayor, i. 392 Laws, a Scotchman, condemned for killing WiUon in a duel, ii. 331 Leaning Tower of Pisa, i. 182 Leather guns, i. 43 Lee, Sir Henry, i. 290 Sir Thomas, ii. 155 Leeds Castle, war prisoners at, i. 405, ii. 4. 3° , Duke of, u. 337 Legg, Colonel, ii. 239 Legge, George, Master of Ordnance, ii. x 79 . . Leghorn, description of, I. <,*o, 91 Leicester, description of, i. 300 House, ii. 83 n. Leighton, Sir Ellas, ii. 38 Lely, Sir Peter, Painter, ii. 179 Leonardo da Vinci, paintings by, i. 222- 224 Leonoenas, Dr. Jo. Athelsteinus, i. 214 Leopold, Prince, his collection of paintings, i. 1S6 Lerici, procession at, i. 89 Leslie, Lady Jane, Countess of Rothes, ii. 368 n. L'Estrange, Roger, i. 315 n. ; ii. 94, 224 Lewen, Samuel, ii. 223 n. Lewis of B.ulen, Prince, in London, ii- 329 . . Leyden, description of, L 27-29 Liancourt, palace of Count de, i. 56, 57 Lichfield, Lady, daughter of Charles II., ii. 166 Ligne, Prince de, Spanish Ambassador, '• 345 Ligon, Captain, his History, ii. 37 Limerick, raising of the siege of, ii. 311 Linch, Sir Thomas, Governor of Jamaica, ii. 83, 109 Lincolu's-Inn-Fields, new theatre at, i. 349 Lincoln Minster, l. 303, 304 Lindsey, Admiral Lord, 1. 7 Lionberg, Monsieur, Swedish Resident, his entertainment, ii. 174 Lisle, Lord, ii. 126 Sir George, the death of, i. 276 Littler, Mr., presented to living, i. 335 Littleton, Sir Henry, ii. 275 Little, Sir Charles, ii. 275 Livius, Titus, arm of, i. 150 Lloyd, William, Bishop of LlandafT, ii. 109 Bishop of St. Asaph, ii. 148 ; i'oins in the petition against reading the :ing's declaration of liberty of conscience, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279; referred to, ii. 298, 311 Locke, John, ii. 83 Lockhart, Lord, ii. 93 Lombardus, Tullius, sculptor, i. 204 London, the pestilence in, i. 9; Charles I. rides in state through, L 13 ; mob de- molish cross in Cheapside, i. 41 ; reception of Charles II. in, i. 341 ; opening of Charles II. 's first Parliament in, i. 337 ; the plague in, i. 403 ; the great fire in, ii. n-16 ; Dutch fleet attack, ii. 26-29 ; James II. proclaimed king in, ii. 213; popish chapel destroyed by rabble in, ii. 285 ; William and Mary proclaimed king and ciueen in, ii. 294 — — frigate, blowing up of the, i. 398 ; launch of new, ii. 6 Londonderry, besieged, ii. 300, 302 ; relief of, ii. 303 Longford, Lord, ii. 123, 133 Long Parliament dissolved, ii. 132 Lord Mayor's show, 1660, i. 346 Lothian, Lord, 317 Louvre, Paris, description of, i. 51, 5a Love and Honour, a play by Davenant, T '• 3 6 3 Love, Captain, kills Sherrington Talbot in a duel, ii. 230 Louis XII., equestrian statue of, i. 70 XI II., catafalque of, i. 44 XIV., cavalcade of, on his riding to Parliament, i. 268, 269 Lower, Dr., ii. 335 Lowndes, Mr., ii. 337 Loyola, Ignatius, burial place of, i. ro7 Lubicer, a skilful violinist, i. 315 Lucas, Lord, Lieutenant of the Tower, ii 305, 313 Mr., 11. 337 Index 39 1 Lucca, ctciici iiitlon of, i. 1(3 Lucrine L~ike, the, i. 157 Ludoviiio., villa of Prince, i. 109, no Lumley. Lord, captures Duke of Mon- mouth, ii. 229, 330 ; referred to, ii. 269 Lutterel, Mr., an artist, ii. 334 Luxemburg, the, Paris, i. 63-65 ; siege of, ii. 201 Lyra, Don Emmanuel, Portuguese Am- bassador, ii. 123 Macclhs;fikld, Lord, death of, H. 329 Mackenzie, Sir George, Lord-Advocate of Scotland, ii. 22, 2S9, 307, 308 Madrid, a. palace called, 1. 56, 255 Maid-servant, peculiar marks on arm of a, ii. 53 Maison, President, palace of, L. 251 Makins, Mrs. Bathsua, i. 248 n. Malpighi, Signor, physician, ii. 41 Malta, earthquake at, in 1693, ii. 326 Mander, Dr. Roger, Master of Baliol College, Cambridge, ii. 353, 364^ Mann, Mr., Recorder of Ipswich, ii. 115 Manton, Dr., a Presbyterian, i. 331 Marcello, Dr., a Verona advocate, i. 219 Marchand, Florian, a water-spouter, i. 263 «. Marlborough, Lord, afterwards Duke of, discharged from office, ii. 320 ; referred to, ii. 364, 370, 375 ■ Sarah, Duchess of, i. 369 «. Marmoutiers, Abbev of, i. 73 Marseilles, description of, L 81, 82 Mary Queen of Scots, her burial place, I. 3°S Queen of England, married to William, Prince of Orange, ii. 120, 121 ; proclaimed queen in London, ii. 294 ; dies of small-pox, ii. 335 Mason, John, incites a rising, ii. 331 «. Massey, Sir Edward, Governor of Jamaica, »• 346 Mausoleum Augusti, the, i. 169 May, Hugh, ii. 144 Maynard, Lord, ii. 215 Serjeant, ii. 155 Mazarine, Cardinal, proscribed, i. 263 ; death of, i. 351 ; referred to, ii. 354 Duchess of, ii. 112 ; death of, ii. 354 Meadows, Sir Philip, his son's marriage, ii. 347 Mcath, Rishop of, very poor, i. 317 Mede, Mr., ii. 309 Medical Garden, Westminster, L 332 work in Padua, i. 216 Medici, Cardinal, Ambassador, i. 176 Cosmo di, brass equestrian statue of, i. 95 Cosmo II., statue of, 1. 188 Medicis, Marie de, i. 30 Meeres, Sir Thomas, ii. in, 134 Meggot, Dr., Dean of Winchester, ii. j, '99. *59. '61 Melos, Don Francisco de, Portuguese Ambassador, ii. 25, 84 M creator, Nicholas, ii. 10 Mercers' Company, London, L 373 I their chapel burnt in the great fire, 11. 15 et, Christopher, physician, I. 376 ick, Sir William, i. 384 John's, Oxford, Meret M Messary, Monsieur, i. 343 Mewes, Dr., head of St. ii. 46 Michael Angelo, works by, L 57-60, 93, 95, 114, 128, 129, 143, 185, 186 Michell, Robert, u. 364 Middleton, Colonel, ii. 65 General, ii. 27 Lord, ii. 26 »., 27 ; Secretary of State, ii. 203, 269 Mrs., a beauty, ii. 187 Milan, the Cathedral of, 1. 322 ; palace of the Archbishop at, i. 222 ; Hospital at, i. 223 ; ruins of Temple of Hercules at, i. 223 ; Monastery of Madonna della Grazie, i. 223 ; Ambrosian Library at, i. 224 ; the city of, i. 225, 226 Millennium predicted, ii. 309 Millington, Sir Thomas, ii. 178 Milton, Christopher, ii. 257 n. Mint, Commissioners of the, i. 383 ; ii. 4 Modena, Duchess of, ii. 93 Modiford, Sir Thomas, Governor of Jamaica, ii. 63-65, 97 Mohun, Lord, acquitted of murder, ii. 325 Molino, El Conde de, Spanish Ambassador, i. 402 Signor, Doge of Venice, 1. 213 Monconys, Balthasar de, a French traveller, ii. 53 h. Money, want of current, tn England, ii. 344. 345. 347 Monk, General, arrives in London from Scotland and breaks down the gates, i. 339 ; at Whitehall, i. 339 Monmouth, Duchess of, 11. 85, in, 252 Duke of, ii. 54 ; comes over from Holland, ii. 142 ; proclamation against, ii. 182 ; pardoned, ii. 194 ; in rebellion and lands in England, ii. 228 ; proclaimed a traitor and captured, ii. 229 ; trial and execution of, ii. 231, 232 Montague, Francis Brown, Lord Viscount, i- 339 Lord, and the Duke of Albemarle's estate, ii. 329, 345 Mr., afterwards Duke of, his new palace, now the British Museum, ii. no, 132, 192 ; his palace burnt, ii. 251 — — Mr. Attorney, his son's marriage, ii. . 50 Montalbano, Dr., discoverer of the pro- perties of phosphorus, i. 190 Monte Feltre, Countess of, ii. 187, 188 Montford, a player, the murdrr of, ii. 325 Lord, ii. 51 n. Mont Louis, peculiarity of houses at, i. 72 Montreuil, description of, i. 43 Moore, Dr. John, Bishop of Norwich, ii. , 354 Mordaunt, John, Viscount, a zealous Royalist, i. 322 n. ; tried and acquitted by one voice, i. 331 ; referred to, i. 322, 341, 381 ; it 21, 114 Lady, a pious woman, ii. 108, 109, 124 ; Evelyn a trustee for her children, ii. 136, 146 392 Index Mordaunt, Lady Mary, ii. 98 n. Moigan, Colonel, ii. 64, 97 Morice, Secretary, i. 361, 384 ; ii. 23 Morine, M., garden of, i. 66, 265 Morison, Dr., Professor of Botany, ii. 103 Morley, Agnes, school founded by, i. 6 Colonel, Lieutenant of the Tower, i. 338. 339; pardon of, i. 341 Dr. Ceorge, Bishop of Winchester, L 253, 271 n. ; ii. 171 Morland, Sir Samuel, inventions of, ii. 28, 1 So, 340; his house in Lambeth, ii. 163 /». Morton, Countess of, i. 252, 262 Morus, Monsieur, orator, i. 367 Moscow, city of, burnt by squibs, ii. 355 Moulins, a great chirurgeon, i. 247 description of, i. 77 Mowbray, Lord, i. 211 n. Muccinigo, Signor, Venetian Ambassador, ii. 37 Mulberry Garden, London, 1. 288 n. Mulgrave, Lord, ii. 139, 327, 328 Munllo, picture by, ii. 327 Murray, Sir Robert, i. 351, 357, 374, 385; ii. 50 ; funeral of, ii. 88 Museum of Ferdinaudo Impetati, Naples, '• '5 1 . ... Musgrave, Sir Philip, 1. 252 Naples, description of, i. 149-152, 160, 161 ; Castle of St. Elmo and Palace of the Viceroy at, L 149; the Mole, tie Cathedral, i. 150; Monastery of the Carthusians, ii. 150, ici : the Carnival at, i. isr, 152; Vesuvius. I. its, 155; Lago d'Agnano and Grotto del Cane. k. 154 ; the Court of Vulcan, 1. 155 ; Arset-a 1 at, i. 160 Nassau, William of, statue of, i. 22 Natural stones, i. 155, 156 " Navigation and Commerce," by Evelyn, ii. 95 »• Neal, Sir P., 1. 317 Mr., lottery of, ii. 328, 334 Needham, Sir Jasper, physician, i. 320 n. ', burial of, ii. 139 Sir Robert, 1. 325, 332 Negros, palace of Hieronymo del, L 85, 86 Neill, Sir Patrick, i. 357 Nero, evidences of his works, i. 159; sepulchre of, i. 169 Newark-on-Trent, description of, i. 301 Newburgh, Lord, ii. 206 Newcastle, Duchess of, ii. 24, 25 Duke of, ii. 24, 25 Ntw Court of Injustice, the rebels', i. 245 New Hall, Chelmsford, i. 319 Newmarket, the King's house at, ii. 51, 52 ; the Court at, ii. 70 Newport, Lord, ii. 207, 215, 227; Trea- surer of the Household, ii. 29s Viscountess, ii. 134 Newstead Abbey, i. 301, 302 Newton, Sir Adam, tutor to the Prince of Wales, i. 279 «. Sir Henry, L 179, 285, 312 Nicholao, Signor, violinist, ii. 97, 98, 141 Nicholas, Friar, physician, i. 263 Mr. Secretary, ii. 94 Nicholson, Dr. William. Bishop of Glou- cester, i. 366 Nicolson, Dr., Bishop of Carlisle, ii. 365 Nimeguen, Treaty of, ii. ioo, 114 Nonesuch House, Exchequer transferred to, during the plague, ii. 1 Norden, Joseph, accurate maps of, ii. 175 Norfolk, Duke of, his diver- e, ii. 321, 330, 360 ; his death, ii. 366. Set also Howard Henry, Duke of, L 3^6 ; married to Mrs. Bickerton, ii. 68 «., 122, 124; be- stows the Arundelian Library on the Royal Society, ii. 126 ; his Raphael cartoons and drawings, ii. 179 ; referred to, ii. 206, 272 Normanby, Marquis of, ii. 334, 335 North, Dr., ii. 109, na Lord, ii. 109, ii2, 175 Roger, ii. 235 Sir Dudley, ii. 235 Sir Francis, Chancellor, ii. 77 ; Lord Keeper, ii. 175 ; his death, ii. 235 Foreland Lighthouse, fire kept up on all >ear long, ii. 77 Northampton, Earl of, L 33.5, 342 ; ii. 44, 112; his seat, ii. 280 North-west passage, attempt of the, ii. in Northumberland, Algernon Percy, tenth Earl of, i. 332 n. Countess of, i. 348 ; her death, ii. 375 Duke of, son of Charles II., ii. 103, 206, 254 - Henry Percy, eighth Earl of, shoot* himself, ii. 184 n, Norton, Colonel, ii. 239 Lady, disloyalty of, i. 287 Norwich, Earl of, Ambassador in France, i. 46 ; trial of, i. 245 ; hit house in Epping Forest, ii. 46 in 1671, ii. 68-70 Ndtre Dame, Cathedral of, at Paris, L 47.. 48 Nottingham, Earl of, and the Papists, ii. 287 ; protests against the king's abdica- tion, ii. 294 ; sells Kensington, ii. 305 ; quarrells with Admiral Russell, ii. 334 ; his resignation, ii. 328 Oakham, custom of the tenure of, L 300 Oates, Titus, Popish plot discovered by, ii. 129; Queen accused by, ii. 131; accuses Sir G. Wakeman, ii. 136; a wit- ness against Lord Stafford, ii. 156 ; tried for perjury, ii. 224 ; sentenced to be whipped, ii. 225 ; dragged to Tyburn and sentence executed, u. 227, 228 ; writ of error of judgment brought, ii. 250 ; acquit- ted of perjury, ii. 301 ; his reviling book against James II., ii. 343 O'Brien, Lord, ii. 94 Observatory in Greenwich Park, ii. nt, 202 Odart, Mr., Latin Secretary, ii. 9 Otfley, Dr., Rector of Abinger, ii. 14 *. 339 Thomas, i. 244 Ogle, Anne, ii. 104 n. Lord, ii. 164 n. Oglethorpe, Mr., iights a duel, ii. 371 Index 393 Old Bailey, prisoner pressed to death at, i. .-ii, i$i Oldenburg, Henry, in the Tower, ii. 39 Oliva, Padre, a Jesuit, ii. 137 n. Oliver, Peter, miniatures of, i. 347 O'Neale, Mr., builder of Bellsize House, ii. no Onslow, Arthur, ii. 55 Denzil, his seat at Purford, ii. 162 Sir Richard, ii. 315, 350, 353 ; fights a duel, ii. 371 Orange, Prince of, afterwards William III., comes to England, i. 15; visits Charles II., ii. 55 ; expected invasion of, ii. 283, 284, 286 ; lands at Torbay, ii. 386 ; invited to Windsor, ii. 288 ; at St. James's, ii. 288, 289 ; declared and pro- claimed King of England, ii. 293, 294 Princess of, i. 30 ; sickness and death of, i. 348, 349 Orleans, description of, L 68-70 Duke of, captured at Agincourt, L 282 H. Ormond, James, Duke of, 1. 254 »., 364, 366; »• 45. 353. 354 Orrery, tragedy written by the Ear! of, i. 398 ; ii. 19 Osborne, Sir Thomas, afterwards Duke of Leeds, i. 262 ; Lord Treasurer, ii. 87 ; imprisoned in the Tower, ii. 195 ; released on bail, ii. 198 Ossory, James Butler, Earl of, i. 254 n. ; marriage of, ii. 174 ; his house destroyed, ii. 312 Thomas, Earl of, i. 255 n. \ ii. 73, 102 ; commands English forces in Hol- land, ii. 123 ; illness and death of, ii. 147. M8 Ostend, artificial river at, i. 39 Ottobone, a Venetian Cardinal, made Pope, ii. 303 Oughtred, Mr., mathematician, L 311 Ouseley, Sir Charles, i. 314 Outram, Dr., ii. 142 Owen, Dr. Richard, of Eltham, a seques- tered minister, i. 247, 277, 278, 308, 388 Sir John, i. 248 Ox, an enormous, 1. 247 Oxford, Aubrey de Vere, Earl of, i. 380 n. ; »»• i?, 54 the Act at, i. 291, 192 ; the colleges of, i. 294 ; Physic Garden at, i. 295 ; gift from people of to the wounded sailors, ii. f ', Encaenia of New Theatre at, ii. 42 ; confers degree on Evelyn, ii. 45, 46; cold reception of William III. at, ii. 339 Packer, Mr., his chapel, i. 282 ; referred to, ii. 1, 05, 19a Mrs., ii. 208 Padua, description of, 1. 203-205, 207-209, 212-216 Paget, Lord, ii. 324 Painting, Th* Ptrftction of, by Evelyn, ii. 37 Palais Cardinal, Paris, L 67 Palazzo de Medicis, i. 108, 133 di Ghisi, i. r34, 162 di Strosi, L 9a Palazzo Vecchio, i. 93 Palmer, Mr., clocks of, i. 359 Panama, exploit at, ii. 65, 97 Pantheon of Rome, i. 167, r68 Paper-making, ii. 125 Papin, Monsieur, digestors of, ii. 1^0 Papists, proclamation against, ii. 314 J banished from London, ii. 341 Paradise, a room in Hatton-Garden, ii. 92 Paris, the Pont Neuf, i. 46, 47 ; the Uni- versity and suburbs of, L 47 ; Cathedral of Notre Dame, i. 47, 48 ; the Jesuits' College, i. 48 ; the Sorbonne and Ex- change, i. 49 ; churches at, i. 50 ; hospitals at, 1. 51 ; the Louvre, i. 51, 52 ; garden of the Tuileries, i. 53; garden of the Archbishop at St. Cloud, i. 53, 54 ; Cardinal Richelieu's villa near, i. 54 ; the palace at Fontainebleau, i. 58-60 ; the Luxembourg Palace at, i. 65-65 ; the Palais Cardinal, i. 67 ; fountains of St. Cloud, L 252 ; Academy of M. del Camp, L 254, 255 ; the Samaritan, or Pump, L 258 ; Corpus Christi Day pro- cession, i. 266; Louis XIV. 's cavalcade to Parliament, i. 268, 269 Parker, Dr., Bishop of Oxford, death of, ii. 274 Parma, Duke of, i. 131, 181 Parr, Dr., of Camberwell, ii. 72, 163, 255 Parson's Green, house at, i. 550 »., 365 Passport, Evelyn's Spanish, 1. 215 Paston, Sir Robert, i. 316 ». Patrick, Dr., Dean of Peterborough, Ii. 39. 47 "-, 248, 261 Paul, St., half of his body preserved, i. 123 ; head of, 136 III., Pope, i. 169 V., Pope, chapel of, i. 113 Peace, thanksgiving day for the, ii. 349 Peake, Sir John, Lord Mayor, ii. 272 Pearson, Dr., Bishop of Chester, ii. 85 Peckham, Sir Henry, his reading-feast, ii. Pemberton, Lord Chief Justice, displaced, ii. rgr Pembroke, Earl of, his house, i. 296 ; Lord Privy Seal, ii. 344 Penance by magistrates of Ghent, i. 38 Penn, Sir William, ii. 35 n. ; his son's book, ii. 40 Penshurst, gardens of, i. 282 Pepys, Samuel, referred to, ii. 96, no, in, 133, 134, 168 ; chosen Master of Trinity House, ii. 233 ; referred to, ii. 235, 240, 241, 290, 301, 305, 308 ; imprisoned, ii. 309, 310, 315, 363 ; his deathj ii. 371 Perecop, burnt by the Muscovites, it. 30a Percy, Algernon, Admiral, ii. 375 Henry, Earl of Northumberland, suicide of, ii. 184 ». Perishot, M., collection of, L 57 Perigueux, ruins at, i. 82 Perkins, Sir William, executed, ii. 342 Perpetual motion, ii. 37 Peter, St., half of his body preserved, L 123 ; head of, i. 136 Peterborough, Countess of, i. 323, 331, 365 394 Index Peterborough, Kail of, Groom of the Stole, ii. 315, 321 — — monuments in church of, i. 305 Peters, a rebel, incites the death of the King, i. 245 Petre, Lord, in the Tower, ii. 133 Pett, a shipbuilder, i. 302 ; ii. 306 Petty, Sir William, inventor, i. 364 »., 3 S 5> 394>.4°3 I 'i- 98-101, 108 Pestilence in London, death rate during, i. 5 ; increase of, i. 9 Phidias and Praxiteles, sculptures by, i. no Phillips, Edward, a nephew to Milton, i. 384; ii. 119 — - Mrs., tragedy written by, ii. 35, 40 Phipps, Sir William, Governor of New England, ii. 325 Phosphorus, the discovery of, i. 190 Physicians' College, the, ii. 178 Physic Garden, Oxford, i. 205 Piazza of St. Mark, Venice, 1. 196 Pierce, Dr., President of Magdalen College, L 383 ; ii. 122, 133 Edward, painter, i. 296 Pierpoint, Lady, daughter of Sir John Evelyn of Deane, ii. 270 Pierrepoint, William, ii. 352 Pierson, Dr., i. 358 Pietro, Signor, musician, ii. 153 Pilgrims' feet washed by princes, i. 165 Piperno, i. 146 Pisa, description of, i. 89, 90, 182 Pitti Palace at Florence, i. 92 Plague in London, the, i. 403-406 Plantations, Council of Foreign, ii. 59-65, 72, 73, 81, 83, 87, 238 Pliny, 1. 89, 108 ; his death at Vesuvius, i. J 53 Plot, Dr., of Magdalen Hall, ii. 103, 165 Plymouth, Ear] of, ii. 139 Pneumatic engine, a, i. 345 Poignant, M., his collection, i. 266 Pollard, Sir Hugh, i. 378 ; ii. 21 Poll-money, the tax of, i. 346 ; ii. 300 Pont Neuf, at Paris, i. 46 Pontaq, Monsieur, ii. 185, 329 Pontefract, i. 302 Pontius Pilate, palace of, i. 79 Pope's efngy burnt in London, ii. 92 Popish Lords, release of the ; ii. 227 plot, the, ii. 1 ao ; trial of accused persons at the Old Bailey, ii. 136, 137 ; dwindling of, ii. 182 Pordage, Mr., a singer, ii. 207, 208 Portman, Sir William, captures Duke of Monmouth, ii. 229, 230 Portmore, David Collyer, Earl of, ii. 124 «., 251 n. Portsmouth, Duchess of, entertains the Morocco Ambassador, ii. 166, 167 ; re- ferred to, ii. 191, 210, 214 — — fortifications of, i. 12 ; siege of, i. 40; James II. at, ii. 239 Poule, Mr., appears against Lord Stafford, »• 153 Povey, Mr., his house, i. 387 ; ii. 8, 34, 35, 108 Powell, Captain, i. aio, 316 — — judge, ii. 379 Pozzolo, formerly Puteoli, i. 156, i$i Pratolino, Palace of, L 188 Pratt, Mr., architect, ii. 9, 51 Praxiteles, sculptor, i. 207 Preston, Lord, ii. 269 ; Secretary of State, ii. 285, 286; trial of, ii. 313; released, ii. Pretyman, Mr., i. 243, 291 ; ii. 25S, 269 Sir John, house of, 1. 298 Price, Sir Herbert, i. 35 354 , De Prideaux, Humphrey, Dean of Norwich, ii. 109 n. Primaticcio, paintings by, i. 57 Printing-press worked on the frozon Thames, 1684, ii. 196 Pritchard, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester, ii. 108 Proclamation by Charles II., ii. 16 «. Protector's Edict, the, i., 313 Protestant Plot, the, ii. 182, 186 Protestants, persecution in France of, ii. 228, 245-248, 252 ; Brief read in English churches__relieving, ii. 255, 256 ; hard- ships of, ii. 257, 260, 272 Proverbs of Solomon, finely written MS. of, i. 293, 294 Prujean, Sir Fr., physician, i. 359 Pule, Mr., a singer, ii. 351 Pulteney, Sir William, ii. 41 Pultney, Sir P. W., ii. 305 Putney, schools for ladies at, i. 247, 248 Purcell, Dr., ii. 351 Pye, Sir Walter, 1. 249, 295 Quakers, a new sect., i. 319 Queensberry, Duke of, ii. 225 Quercei, Jacobo, work by, i. 96 Querouaille, Mademoiselle, ii. 56, 66 Monsieur, ii. 102 Queen Catharine, Infanta of Portugal, her arrival in London, i. 370 ; water pro- cession in honour of, i. 374, 375 ; cele- bration of her birthday, u. 38 ; referred to, ii. 2ro, 277, 285 — ;- pine, brought from Barbadoes, i. 359 Quinquina, the use of, ii. 334 Quinze-Vingts Hospital, Paris, L 51 Rabiniere, Rear-Admiral, burial of, ii. 80 Radcliffe, Sir George, i. 254 Rainbow, Dr., i. 347 Raleigh, Carew, son of Sir Walter, i. 333 Sir Walter, i. 286 Rand, Dr., i. 8, 323 Ranelagh, Lady, ii. 309. 319 Raphael, works of, noticed, i. 57, 97, 134, 162, r8s, 187, 191, 219, 223; ii. 113; burial place of, i. 168 Ratcliffe, Sir George, i. 25a Rattle-snakes, Virginian, 1. 326 Raven, a white, i. 334 Ravensbourne Milk, purchase of, ii. 36 Ravigne, Marquis, ii., 260 Ray, John, naturalist, ii. 253 ». Raynolds, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, i. 326 Reading, Sir Robert, ii. 124, 196 Reeves, Dr., Dean of Windsor, i. 368 Reggio, Signor Pietro, musician, ii. 202 Regicides, trial and execution of, i. 346 Religiouscustoms and ceremonies in Rotn* in 164s, «• i73i »74 Index 395 'Reliquary of Venice, !. i 34° . Rupert, Prince, i. 350, 351 ; ii. 5, 26, 54 Russell, Admiral, ii. 324, 325, 328 Colonel, ii. 187 Lord, in the Tower, ii. 182 ; trial of, ii. 184 ; executed, ii. 186 William, embalmer, ii. 169 Popish Bishop of Cape Verd, i. 365 Russian Ambassador, reception in London of, i. 378 ; audience of, i. 379, 380 Rustate, Tobias, ii. 146'/. Ruvigny, Monsieur, a French refugee, ii. 269 Rycaut, Sir Paul, ii. 248 Sacheverell, Dr., 155 St. Albans, Duke of, illegitimate son of Charles II., 199, 203 Earl of, i. 345, 373 ; ii. 2, 125 St. Cloud, fountain of Laocoon at, i. 53 St. Croce of Jerusalem, Rome, i. 171 St. Denis, i. 250 Cathedral of, L 43, 43 396 Index St Edmund's Bury, monastery at, ii. n St. Edward the Confessor, the gold cross and chain of, ii. 337 St. Elmo, Castle of, i. 149 St. George's, Hanover Square, London, the building of, ii. 316 St. Germains, palace and castle, i. 55, 56 St. Innocent's Churchyard, Paris, L 66 St. James's, new church at, ii. 205 Park, skating on new canal in, i. 379 ; animals kept in, i. 396, 397 ; Turkish horses in, ii. 20;, 206 St. John diLaterano, Koine, i. 124-128, 174 St John, Mr., murder by, ii. 207 Sir Walter, ii. 207 St Margaret's Fair, Southwark, i. 345 St. Mark's, Venice, i. 196-198 St. Martin, relics of, at Tours, i. 72 St. Martin's, Tours, church and monastery of, i. 72 St Paul, place of his landing in Italy, i. 156, 160 St. Paul's Cathedral, London, ii. jo ; ruin of, ii. 14 ; new choir at, ii. 334 Rome, i. 141, 143 St. Peter'Sj Rome, i. ir8-r24, 134 St. Pietro in vinculis, Rome, i. 129 St. Ruth, General, slain, ii. 317 St. Stefano, Pisa, i. 89 St. Vincent, rock of, near Bristol, L 290 Salisbury Cathedral, i. 296 Saludadors of Spain, the, ii. 236, 337 Sancroft, Dr., Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 3, 10, 257 ; Evelyn's letter to, ii. 283 «., 284 m. ; referred to, ii. 289, 29s, 314, 315, 33+ „ ■ .. Sanders, Captain, 11. 337 Sanderson, Dr., i. 338, 339 Sir William, ii. 11 1 Sandwich, Admiral Lord, i. 402, 404-40(5 : ii. 38 ; his death, ii. 78-80 Sansovinus, Jacobus, sculptor, i. 167, 169, 200, 204 ; burial-place, i. 196 Santa Cecilia, church of, at Rome, L 162 Maria della Vittoria, Rome, i. 112 Maria Maggiore, Rome, i. 113 Sarazin, James, sculptor, i. 52 n. Sarto, Andrea del, works by, i. 60, 94, 184, 187 ; his death and burial, i. 184, 185 Savell, Mr., Vice-Chamberlain, ii 2r5 Saville, Sir George, i. 376 Sir Henry, 1. 376 Savoy, Duke of, massacre of Protestants by, ii. 256 ; lessens his cruelty, ii. 174 ; restores the Vaudois, ii. 308, 309 Saxe-Gotha, Duke of, ii. 261 Sayes Court, Deptford, Mr. Evelyn's house at, i. 244, 245, 283-285, 295, 381 ; ii. 197 ; hired by the Czar, ii. 35r Scala Sancta at Rome, the, i. 123 Scaliger, Joseph, i. 28 ; ii. 179 Julius Caesar, i. 219 Scaramuccio, Italian actor, ii. 106 Scarborough, Sir Charles, i. 284 ; ii. 336 Scawen, Sir William, ii. 376 «. Schomberg, Marshal de, General in Ireland, ii. 302 ; his death, ii. 310 Schott, Caspar, i. 108 Scipio Africanus, statue of, i. 76 Sclater, Edward, apostate curate, ii. 255 n. Scot, Major, i. 341 regicide, executed, i. 346 Scott, Lady Catherine, i. 250, 260 Sir Thomas, i. 382 Scriveners, last member of the Company! of, ii. 120 n. Scroop, regicide, executed, i. 346 Scroope, Lady, ii. 192 Scrope, Sir Andrew, i. 380 Sea-coal, the charring of, i. 319, 320 Second sight, ii. 237 Sedans introduced into England from) Naples, i. 161 Selden, Mr., L 311; ii. 30 Sedley, Mrs., Countess of Dorchester, iL 87. 251 Sir Charles, ii. 87, 251 n. Sensitive plant, experiments on, i._359 Septala, Signor, the collection of, i. 225 Septimus Severus, arch of, i. 104 Sextus IV., Pope, statue of, i. 124 V., Pope, statue of, i. 103 ; works ofJ i. no, in, 137, 164 ; chapel of, i. 1 13 ] Seymour, Conyers, killed in a duel, ii. 335 Mr., speaks against the elections in the House of Commons, ii. 227 Sir Edward, ii. 327, 368 Shaen, Sir James, ii. 108 Shaftesbury, Earl of, ii. 38 ; President ol the Council of Plantations, ii. 83 ; re- ferred to, ii. 91, 174 Sharp, John, Archbishop of York, ii. 260 i preaches to House of Commons, ii. 293 9 referred to, ii. 330, 344 Samuel, surgeon, ii. 82 Shaw, Sir John, i. 388 Sheene, Abbey of, ii. 136 Sheerness, arsenal building at, ii. 6 Sheldon, Dr., Archbishop of Canterbury] i. 383, 384 ; builds the Theatre at Oxford] i. 391 ; referred to, ii. 7, 42, 77, 81 ; tomb of, ii. 362 Mr. Edward, ii. 329 Mr., his collection of medals, ii. 204J 203 — Mr., nephew of Archbishop of CanteM bury, ii. 125 Sheldonian printing-house, the, ii. 4a Sherard, Lord, ii. 50 Sherwin, Mr., ii. 361 Ship-money, the tax of, i. 18 n. Shish, Mr., shipwright, ii. 33 ; funeral of] ii. 146 Shore, Sir Bartholomew, ii. 216 n. Short, Dr., ii. 334 Parliament, the, i. 13 Shrewsbury, Countess of, ii. 70 Duke of, ii. 361 Earl of, ii. 139 Sibbald, Sir Robert, ii. 237 »., 258 Sidney, Algernon, in the Towci, ii. i8a| executed, ii. 194 Colonel, iL 198 Lord, left as Governor in Ireiand, iL 3", 3«3. 3?8 Sienna, description of, i. 96—98, 182 Sights-man of Rome, i. 102 Simon Magus, legend about, L 115 Sissac, Marquis de, ii. in Skippon, Sir Philip, ii. 133 m. Index 397 Stoning, Sir Nicholas, marriage of, i. 377 Slaves, in the galleys at Marseilles, i. 81, 82 ; at Leghorn, i. 91 Slayer, Dr., experiment by, ii. 248, 249 Slingsby, Mr., Master of the Mint, L 375, 378 ; iL. 10, 50, 51, 141, 204, 273 Sir Arthur, his lottery, i. 388 Sloane, Sir Hans, ii. 263 n. ; collection of, ii. 314 ; Secretary of the Royal Society, ii. 35» Small-pox, ravages of, ii. 334, 335 Smoke nuisance in London, 1. 367 Smith, John, M.P., chosen Speaker, ii, 377 Sir J., Master of Trinity House, ii. 87 Smithfield, murderess burnt at, i. 278 Snape, Dr., of Eton, ii. 179 n. Snatt, Edward, schoolmaster, i. 6 Soames, Sir William, ii. 235 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, iL 369 Solemn League and Covenant ordered to be adjured in Eigland, i. 374 Somers, Lord, made Lord Keeper, ii. 326 ; President of th< Royal Society, ii. 352 ; the Seal taken from, ii. 361 ; tried and acquitted, ii. 366 Somerset, Duke of ; iL 375 Lady Anne, ii. 69 Lord John, i. 166 Sorbonne, the, Paris, i. 49 South, Dr. Robert, i. 384 ; ii. 43 «. Southampton, Earl of, his house, i. 396 Southcott, Sir John, i. 267 Southwell, Sir Robert, ii. 101, 146, 312, 3»9i 352 Spada, Cardinal, palace of, i. 166 Spain, King of, in England, ii. 373, 374 Spanheim, Eiekiel, ii. 107 ». Spanish treasure galleon brought to the Downs, ii. 270 Sparrow, Dr., Bishop of Exeter, ii. 86 Spellman, Mr., i. 348 Spencer, Colonel, 1. 345 Lady Ann, ii. 273, 282 Lord, marriage of, ii. 335 ; 336 ; re- ferred to, ii. 160, 281, 353 Martha, ii. 143 Robert, ii. 103 — — Sir Charles, ii. 281 Spinola, Marquis, river cut by, L 38 Sprat, Dr., Bishop of Rochester, ii. 105, 142, 154, 192, 224, 282 Stafford, William, Viscount, ii. 49 n. ; committed to the Tower, ii. 133 ; trial of, ii. 156-158 ; executed ii. 159 Stan dish, Dr., ii. 235 Standsfield, Eleanor, mother of Evelyn, description of, i. 2 ; death of, i. 8 John, grandfather of Evelyn, L 2 ; death of, 1. 5 Stanhope, Charles, Lord, i. 257, 262 Mr., Dean of Canterbury, ii. 330, 340 Stanley, Mr., killed in a duel, ii. 953 Stapleton, Colonel, ii. 76 Stapylton, Sir Robert, translator of "Juvenal," i. 289 Stat* lotteries in England, ii. 334 Stationers' Company, their books burnt, U.S4tU Statues of the king overthrown in London, i. 248 Stawell, Sir Edward, i. 267 Steffano de la Bella, sculptor, i. 256 Stephen, burial-place of King, i. 298 Stephens, William, Rector of Sutton, ii. 359 »• Sterne, Dr. Richard, Archbishop of York, ii. 323 Stewart, Dr., Dean of St. Paul's, death of, i. 272 Stillingfleet, Dr. Edward, Bishop of Wot cester, ii. 275, 320, 354 Stockings, engine for weaving of silk, i 356 Stokes, Dr., mathematician, i. 319 ; his perpetual motion, ii. 37 Stone, Sir Robert, i. 21 Stonehenge, description of, i. 297, 298 Stonehouse, Lady, ii. 322 Sir John, ii. t42, 143 Stoope, Monsieur, address by, i. 242 Storm, great damage in London by, i. 281, 282 ; 600 men and two ships lost in great, ii. 3r8 Strade, Count de, generosity of, i. 275, 278 Stradling, Sir William, i. 21 Strafford, Earl of, trial and execution of, L iS Streeter, Robert, artist, ii. 58 »., 82 Strickland, Sir Thomas, ii. 65 Stringfellow, Mr., of Trinity Church, iL 316, 329, 334, 358 Stroode, Colonel, Lieutenant of Dovet Castle, i. 395 Stuart, Lady Catharine, ii. 94 Mrs. Frances, ii. 95 n. Stuarts, Presbyterian hatred of the, ii. 307 Suffolk, Earl of, i. 307 Sunderland, Countess of, ii. 83, 108, 109, 131, 140, 160, 187, 224, 261, 263, 285, 302, 343 Lord, nominated Ambassador to Spain, ii. 66 ; his seat at Althorpe, iL 104 ; a Secretary of State, iL 139 ; Presi- dent of the Council, ii. 248 ; Premier- Minister, ii. 253 ; a Knight of the Garter, ii. 269 ; Seals taken from, iL 285 ; library of, ii. 336 ; referred to, iL 207, 273, 340 Surrey men slain by Cromwell's guards, L 243 Sussex, Countess of, ii. 98, 116, 166 Earl of, L 319 Sutton, Sir Edward, ii. 38 Swallowfield, Berks, Lady Clarendon's house at, ii. 243, 244, 272 Sweate, Dr., Dean of the Arches, L 384 Switzerland, Evelyn's travels in, i. 230-240 Sydenham Wells, ii. 106 Sylva, or Discourse concerning Forest Trees, bjr Evelyn,_ i. 377, 378, 385 ; second edition of, ii. 47 Sydney, Robert, ii. 232 n. Sylvius, Sir Gabriel, iL 21, I2t, 179, 228 Tabernacle, the, London, ii. 325, 329 Talbot, Sherrington, killed in a duel, ii. 230 Sir Gilbert, Master of the Jewel- house, i. 374 398 Index Tangier, expedition to, ii. 147 Tatbam, John, pageants by, i. 363 «., 375 «• Tax -money, robbery in Hertfordshire of, ii. 324 Taylor, Captain, case of, against Lord Mordaunt, ii. 20 Dr. Jeremy, i. 300, 324, 330 ; ii. 143 Temple Bar, prisoners heads set up on, ii. 342 of Augustus, Pozzolo, i. 156 Lady Purbeck, ii, 345 ; her death, ii. 359 Mrs., Maid of Honour, ii. 275 Sir Purbeck, ii. 338, 339 Sir William, ii. 126, 166, 275 Tenison, Dr., Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 154, 198-200, 215, 223, 224, 230, 231, 254, 267, 268, 280, 283, 287, 316, 319, 326, 334. 335 . Terracina, 1. 146 Test, the, ii. 247, i^8 ; abolished, ii. 258 Teviot, Earl of, i. 385 Teviot, Lord, Commissioner of Privy Seal, ii. 250 ; suicide of, ii. 332 Teviotilale, Lord, ii. 139 Thames frozen over, 1649, i. 24s ; great pageant at launch on, i. 374, 375 ; coaches cross over the ice on, 1683, ii. 195, 106 Thetford, artificial mountain at, ii. 115 The Indian Queen, by Sir Robert Howard and Dryden, i. 385 The Mystery of Jesuitism, i. 394, 396 The Wild Gallant, a comedy by Dryden, i. 381 Thicknesse, Mr., i. 76 Thistlethwait, Dr., ii. 82 Thomas, Dr., Bishop of Worcester, ii. 297 n. Thomond, Lord, ii. 52 Thou, President de, i. 257 Thurland, Sir Edward, ii. 36, ro4 Thynne, Thomas, of Longleat Hall, Wilts, ii. 164 n. I'hynn, Mr., ii. 248 Tilbury, the Kort of, ii. 75 Tillotson, Dr., ii. 38, 44, 130, 223, 262, 292 ; Archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 315 Tintoretto, paintings by, 1. 207, 283 ; ii. 57i 343 Tippen, Mr., succeeds Dr. Parr, ii. 327 l'ippett, Sir John, ii. 234 1'itian, paintings by, i. 36, 57, 94, 185, 187, 246332; ii. 132, 207, 343; his tomb, i. 207 Titus, Arch of, i. 115 Colonel, author oi Killing no Murder, ii. 41, 62, i55> 2 79 . Tivoli, fountains at, i. 178 Tomson, a Jesuit, Chinese collection of, i. 386, 387 Tonge, Ezrael, discoverer of the Popish plot, ii. 129 ». Torrington, Earl of, put in the Tower for cowardice, ii. 310 Torture of prisoners in Paris in i65i ( i. 264 Touching for the evil by the king, 1. 343 ; ii. 287 Tours, d*«ription <>f, i. 72-7$ Tower of St. Mark, Venice, i. 200 Tiadescant, John, museum of, i. 325, 326 ; ii. 124 Travelling Sands, the, ii. rig Travers, Mr., King's Surveyor, ii. 337 Treby, Sir George, Recorder of London, afterward Lord Chief-Justice, ii. 155, 191, 3 6 4 . . Trelawny, Sir John, Bishop ot Bristol, joins in the petition against reading the king's declaration of liberty of con- science, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279 Trenchard, Mr., in the Tower, ii. 182; released, ii. 195 Sir John, Secretary of State, ii. 326 Trevor, Sir John, ii. 62 Trial and execution of Charles L, i. 245 Trinita del Monte, Rome, 1. 168 Trinity Church, Conduit Street, ii. 316 House, the charter of, i. 368 ; dinner at, i. 398 ; referred to, ii. 6, 85, 87, 233 ; alms-houses of, ii. 61, 62 Triplet, Dr., i. 317 n. Tudor, Mr., apothecary, uses quinquina, ». 334 Tuilenes, garden of the, 1. 53 Tuke, Colonel Sir Samuel, i. 341, 343, 385, 386 ; ii. 36, 69 George, cousin of Evelyn, i. 317 ; comedy by, i. 380 Lady, ii. 86, 94, 220, 223 Sir Brian, ii. 126 Sir Charles, christening of, ii. 65 ; dies of wounds, ii. 311 Tully, George, Protestant champion, ii. 258 n. Tunbridge, the free school at, i. 400 Turberville, witness against Lord Stafford, ii. 156 Turk, conversion of a, i. 170 Turks, in Upper Hungary, ii. 186 ; fine horses of the, ii. 205g 206 Turner, Chief Baron, ii. 96 Dr. Francis, Bishop of Ely, ii. 181, 199, 204, 252 ; joins in the petition against reading the king's declaration of liberty of conscience, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279 ; flight of, ii. 313 ; at funeral of Bishop White, ii. 351 Dr., brother of the Bishop of Ely, ii. 250 Tuscany, Prince of, at Royal Society, ii. 4; Twisden, Sir Richard, i. 405 Tyburn, bodies of Cromwell, Bradshawe, and Ireton exhumed and hanged at, i. 35° Typography, the invention of, i. 29 Tyrannus, or The Mode, by Evelyn, L 366 Tyrconnel, Lord, sent to Ireland, ii. 257 ; referred to, ii. 264, 294, 296, 312 Tyrill, Sir Timothy, i. 390 ; ii. 103 Tyson, Dr. Edward, ii. 188 «. Ulmarini, Count, his garden, I. siB Uphill, Mrs , BCtrMa, ii. 19 m. Index 399 Upnor Cattle, fortified, ii. 26 Urban VI3I., Pope, i. 122, 123, 138, 145, Urn, discovery in Camberwell of an, ii. 2< t s Ursinos, F ulvius, museum of, i. 102 Usher, Archbishop, i. 247, 277, 311 ; ii. 72, Utrecht, fair at, i. 19 Vacuum, experiments with Mr. Boyle's, i. 37° Vaga,_ Perino del, paintings by, i. 60, 259 ; burial-place of, i. 168 Valence, University of, i. 80 Vanbeck, Barbara, a hairy woman, i. 325 Vanbrugh, Sir John, ii. 338 Vanderborcht, Henry, i. 16 Vander Douse, ii. 179 Vandyke, works by, i. 246, 288; iL 113, r32, 207, 208, 327 Vane, Sir Henry, imprisoned, i. 320 ; ii. 279, 328 Van Tromp, Admiral, ii. ax Vatican at Rome, the, i. 137-141, ij6 Vaudois, Brief for relieving the, ii. 304 ; restored by Duke of Savoy, ii. 308, 309 Vaughan, Mr., afterwards Lord Chief- Justice, ii. 30 " Vaulting, the Art of," i. n Vedra, neck tumours on people of, i. 230 Veins, Nerves and Arteries, Tables of, L 214, 247, 284; ii. 34, 368 Velletri, 1. 145 Venetian Ambassadors entertained in Lon- don, ii. 249 Venice, the founding of, i. 194 ; the custom of the Doge casting a gold ring into the sea at, i. 194 ; the Rialto, Exchange, and Mercera, i. 195 ; Piazza of St. Mark, Church of St. Mark, i. 196-198 ; the Reliquary, i. 198 ; Courts of Justice, Senate-house, and Ducal Palace, i. 199 ; Island of St. George, i. 200 ; the Mint, Tower of St. Mark, and Ascension-week fair, i. 206-202 ; the Opera, i. 202 ; Arsenal, i. 205, 206 ; Gri- mani's Palace, churches, i. 206, 207 Verney, Mr., cousin of Evelyn, ii. 201 Vernon, Mr., ii. 361 Verona, description of, i. 218-220 Veronese. Paulo, painting by, i. 57 Verrio, Signor, works by, ii. 137, 139, 144, 147, 180, 192, 2oo, 260, 263 Verulam, Lord, i. 387 Vespasian, Amphitheatre of, i. 115, 116 Veslingius, Dr. John, i. 209, 212, 214; ii. 34 . . Vesuvius, Mount, 1. 152, 153 ; eruption of in 1696, ii. 342 Vic, Sir Henry de, i. 37 Vicenza, description of, i. 217 Vienna, raising of the siege of, ii. 190 Vienne, ruins at, L 79 Villa Borghese, Rome, L 117, 176 Villefrow, fountain at, i. 36 Villers, Lord Francis, slam, i. 244 Vincent, Sir Francis, ii. 315 Vinci, Leonardo da, works by, i. 57, 60, 94, Ml ; U. 113 ; km death, L m% Viner, Sir George, ii. 60 Sir Robert, banker, H. 134 Virgin Queen, a play by Dryden, ii. 23 Vitellesco, Hippolito, his collection 0/ statues, i. [32 Viterbo, fountains at, i. 100 Volterra, Daniel de, painting by, i. 166 Zaccara da, painting by, i. 168 Vossius, Isaac, ii. 85, 107, no^ Vrats, Colonel, execution of, ii. 169 Wade, Captain, condemned and shot, iL 37i «• Wake, Dr. William, Archbishop of Canter- bury, ii. 264, 267, 366 Wakeman, Sir George, trial of, ii. 136 ; acquitted, ii. 223 Waldegrave, Sir Henry, made a peer, ii. 252 Waldrond, Dr., ii. 76 Wales 2 Prince of, son of James II. , birth of, ii. 276 ; nurse for, ii. 282 ; Council record of his birth, ii. 285 ; sent to Portsmouth, ii. 288 Walker, Dr. George, defender of London- derry, ii. 3ro — — Obadiah, i. 246, 273 ; ii. 32, 33, 103, 255-259 Sir Edward, Garter King-at-Arms, i. 375 ; ii. 91 Wall, J., career of, 1. 48 Waller, Edmund, poet, i. 216, 217, 241, 242, 253, 262, 274, 322 n. Mr., accomplishments of, ii. 331 Sir Hardress, ii. 99 Sir William, i. 40 Wallgrave, Dr., ii. 97, 199, 207 Walhs, Dr., Professor of Geometry, i. 357 ; ii. 44 Walsh, Peter, religious views of, ii. 251 Walter, Sir William, ii. i6r Walton, Dr., Bishop of Chester, Biblia Polyzlotta of, i. 284 Ward, Dr. Seth, Bishop of Sarum, i. 291 u. ; ii. 281 Warren, Dr., ii. 262 Warrington, Lord, death of, ii. 329 Warton, Thomas, ii. 374 n. Warwick, description of, i. 299 Earl of, i. 352 Sir Philip, i. 344, 383, 384 ; ii. 105 Wase, Christopher, straits of, i. 275 Watson, Dr. Thomas, Bishop of St. David's, suspended, iL 347 ; deprived for simony, ii. 355 Watts, Mr., keeper of Apothecaries' garden at Chelsea, ii. 234 Way-wiser, for measuring distance tra- velled, i. 324 Weathercocks on trees, ii. 76 Welbeck, Marquis of Newcastle's house, L 302 Wentworthj Lady Henrietta, ii. 231 Lord, 1. 25r, 287 Wessell, Mr., of Bansted, ii. 368 n. Westminster, Medical Garden at, i. 332 School, election of scholars at, i. 357 Westmorland, Lord, death of, ii. 329 Weston, Mr., of Ockbam, ii. 368 Weybridgc, Duke of Norfolk's palace at, 400 Index ii. 124; hiding-place (or Popish priests at, ii. 125 Whales captured in the 1 names, i. 331 ; ii. 353 Wharfs on the Thames, ii. 13 Wharton, Lord, ii. 56 Sir George, mathematician, ii. 7 Wheeler, Sir Charles, Governor of the Leeward Islands, ii. 65, 71, 142 Sir George, ii. 195, 196, 262 Whistler, Dr., ii. 108, 175, 178 White, Dr., Bishop of Norwich, burial of, "• 35' — —Dt.j Bishop of Peterborough, ii. 254; joins in petition against reading the king's declaration of liberty of con- science, ii. 276 ; sent to the Tower, ii. 278 ; trial and acquittal of, ii. 278, 279 Thomas, philosopher, i. 266 Whitehall, in the possession of the Rebels, i. 243, 260 ; restoration of articles pillaged from, i. 342; the king's private library at, ii. 150, 151 ; new chapel opened at, ii. 263 ; fire at : ii. 313 ; sale of pictures at, ii. 327; burnt, ii. 350 Whitfield, Sir Ralph, i. 42 Whitgift, Archbishop, tomb of, ii. 362 Wiburn, Sir J., Governor of Bombay, ii. 224 Wight, Treaty of Isle of, L 245 Wilbraham, Mr., ii. 179 Wild, Dr., preaches the funeral sermon of Preaching, i. 313 ; preaches in private, i. 32°,334> 338. .«. Serjeant, ii. 96 Wilkins, Dr. John, Bishop of Chester, L 292 «., 314-317, 385, 403; ii. 38. William III., Prince of Orange, his mar- riage, ii. 121 ; reported landing of, ii. 282, 283, 286 ; manifesto by, ii. 287 ; arrives in London, ii. 288, 289; Conven- tion votes the crown to, ii. 290 ; coronation of, it. 297, 298 ; Scotland declares for, ii. 299 ; buys Kensington, ii. 305 ; goes to Ireland, ii. 308 ; great victory of, ii. 317 ; at Oxford, ii. 339 ; returns to London, ii. 349 ; his death, ii. 368. Williams, Dr., ii. 335, 340 Williamson, Sir Joseph, Secretary of State, i. 394 n. ; ii. 21, 41, 55, 71, 94, 121 Willoughby, Lord, Governor of Barbadoes, ii. 76 Wilmot, Henry, Lord, L 251 n~ Wilson, Mr., killed in a duel, ii. 331 Winch, Sir Humphrey, i. 394 ; ii. 62, 84, 134 , , ■ Winchelsea, Earl of, I. 312, 342 ; 11. 46 , ruins of, i. 279 Winchester, Marchioness of, ii. 155 , palace at, ii. 190, 238 ; cathedral of, ii. 238 Windham, Mr. Justice, ii. r37 Windsor, Castle and Chapel of, i. 289 ; re- pair of, ii. 54 ; mimic siege at, ii. 96 ; fountain at, ii. 180 Lord, 256 Winnington, Sir Francis, ii. 155 Winstanlcy, Mr., builder of the Eddystone lighthouse, ii. 345 Winter,_ Sir J., his project of charring sea- coal, i. 3T9, 320 of 1658, severity of, i. 331 Wise, Mr., a gardener, ii. 331, 367 Witchcraft in England, ii. 325 Withings, Mr. Justice, ii. k>4 V/olley, Dr., i. 273 Wolsey, Cardinal, burial-place of, i. 300 ; birth-place of, i. 319 ; referred to, ii. 116 Wood, Sir Henry, his marriage, i. 272 Woodstock, havoc by the rebels at, L 390 Worcester Cathedral, effects of war on, i. 299 Marquis of, ii. 177 Park, ii. 1 Worksop Abbey, i. 302 Worsley, Dr., ii. 72 ; his death, ii. 92 Wotton, Lord, his house, ii. no Rev. Henry, ii. 134 «., 135 Rev. William, ii. 134, 135, 290 «., 333 «• . the birthplace of John Evelyn, re- ferred to, i. 2, 3, 243, 244, 249, 263, 277, 388 Wray, Captain, i. 217, 226, 230, 231, 240 Wren, Dr., Bishop of Ely, i. 350, 394 Matthew, son of Bishop Wren, i. 321, 394 . . Sir Christopher, precocity of, 1. 293, 295; Theatre at Oxford designed by, 1. 391 ; ii. 42 ; assists in repairing St. Paul's, ii. 10 ; His Majesty's Surveyor, ii. 60 ; Ashmolean Museum built by, ii. 124 n. ; his son christened, ii. 133 ; building St. Paul's, the column to commemorate the. fire, and fifty churches, ii. 160 ; President of the Royal Society, ii. 165 ; Chelsea College design, ii. 171 ; a Commissions; for Greenwich Hospital, ii. 337, 344, 356 n. ; referred to, ii. 108, 198, 199 Wright, Chief Justice, ii. 278 Mr., painter, i. 335, 376 ; ii. 89 «. Sir Nathan, ii. 362 n. Wriothesley, Thomas, Earl of Southamp- ton, i. 318 n. Wych, Lady, ii. 356, 359 Sir Cyril, President of the Royal So- ciety, ii. 194 ; his marriage, ii. 322, 356 ; Lord Justice in Ireland, ii. 328 Wye, Mr., rector of Wotton, death of, ii. 365 Yarborough, Sir Thomas, ii. 183 Yarmouth, Robert Paston, Earl of, i. 402 York, Cathedral of, i. 302, 303 Duke of, visits Evelyn, i. 368 Young, Captain, of Deptford, i. 322 ; funeral of, ii. 328, 329 ZacharVj an innkeeper, story of his ship- wreck, 1. 85 Zenno, Signor, Venetian Ambassador, ii. 249 Zinzendorp, Count de, ii. 180 Zuccharo, F., painting by, L 10a ; burial- place of, i. 168 Zulichem, Monsieur, inventor of I he pen- dulc clock, i. 351, 35a, 388 EVERYMAN'S LIBRARY A LIST OF THE 990 VOLUMES ARRANGED UNDER AUTHORS Anonymous works are given under titles Anthologies, Composite Volumes, Dictionaries, etc., are arranged at the end of the list Abbott's Rollo at Work, etc., 275 Addison's Spectator, 164-7 Aeschylus' Lyrical Dramas, 62 Aesop's and Other Fables, 057 Ainiard's The Indian Scout, 428 Ainsworth's Tower of London, 400 „ Old hi. 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