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THE 
 
 Antiquities 
 
 CONSTANTINOPLE. 
 
 With aDES cRiPTioN of its 
 SITUATION. 
 the Convenicncics of its 
 PORT, 
 
 Vi^PUBLICK BUILDINGS, 
 
 the Statuary, Sculpture, Architecture, 
 
 and other 
 
 CURIOSITIES of that CITY. 
 
 With Cuts explaining theChief of them. 
 
 3n jfou; Bocks;, 
 
 Written Originally in L atin by 
 Petrus Gyllius a Byzantuste Historian. 
 
 Now Tranliated into Englijh, and Enlarged with an 
 Ancient Defcnption of the Ward s of that CITY, 
 as they flood in the Reigns oiArcadius and Honorius. 
 
 I WiXhFandre^lus's JVoTES thereupon. 
 
 To %vhicb is added 
 A large Explanatory Index. 
 
 p ByJoHi^ Ball. formerly of C. C. C. Oxon. 
 
 ResAntiquce laudis, etartis 
 
 Ingredior. Vir. Geo. 2 . 
 
 ""^ LONTDON. 
 
 Printed for the Benefit of the Tranflator, 1729. 
 
T O 
 
 Richard Banner, Efq; 
 
 OF 
 
 PERRT-HALL, 
 
 I N T H E 
 
 County of STAFF OR D. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 O fooner had my Inclina- 
 tions 'prevaird upon me to 
 pubiiiL this Author, but 
 my Gratitude direcled me 
 where I fhould make the 
 Dedication. Thefe Labours are yours 
 
 A by 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 by many Obligations. Your Services to 
 me demand them, you have exprefs'd 
 a particular Efteem for Pieces of this 
 Kind, you have affifted me with a va- 
 luable Cclledlion of Books in the Tranf- 
 lation of them, and you have encou- 
 rag'd the Performance by the Intereft 
 of your Friends ; fo that if there be 
 any Merit in the Publication of it, 'tis 
 you who are entitled to it. 
 
 The Knowledge of /Antiquity was al- 
 ways look'd upon as a Study worthy the 
 Entertainment of a Gentleman, and 
 was never in higher Efkimation among 
 the Nobility and Gentry of Great Bri- 
 tain than it is now. And this Regard 
 which the prefent Age pays to it, pro- 
 ceeds from a wife Difcernment, and a 
 proportionable Value of Things. For 
 we never entertain our Curiofity with 
 more Pleafure, and to better Purpofes, 
 than by looking into the Art, and Im- 
 provement, and Induftry of antient 
 Times, and by obferving how they ex- 
 cited their Heroes and great Men to 
 virtuous and honourable Adions by the 
 
 Memo- 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 Memorials of Statuary and Scftlptnre ; 
 the filent Records of their Greatnefs, 
 and the lafting Hiftory of their Glory. 
 
 The great Difcoveries made of late, 
 and pubhfh'd by a * Society of Gen- 
 tlemen, united in the Search of Antt- 
 qiitfy^ will be lafting Monuments of 
 their Fame in Riture Tim.es, and will 
 be look'd upon as Arguments of an in- 
 genious Curioiity, in looking into the 
 delegable Situations of Places, in pre- 
 lerving the beautiful Ruines of Antient 
 Buildings, and in fetting Chronology in 
 a truer Lisht, by the Knowledge of 
 Coins and Medals. 
 
 But, Sir, what I principally intend 
 in this Dedication, is to do Juftice to 
 Merit, and to acquaint the ¥/orld. That 
 you never look'd upon Licentioufnefs, 
 and Infidelity, to be any Part of the 
 Charader of a fine Gentleman, That 
 Virtue does not fit odly upon Men of a 
 fuperior Station, and That in you we 
 have an Exam.ple of one, who has Pru- 
 
 * The Society of j^ntiquaries in London. 
 
 A z dence 
 
DEDICATION. 
 
 dence enough to temper the innocent 
 Freedoms of Life with the Stridnefles 
 of Duty, and Condudl enough to be 
 Merry, and not Licentious, to be So- 
 ciable, and not Auftere ; a Deportment 
 this, which fets off your Charader be- 
 yond the moft elaborate Expreffions of 
 Art, and is not to be defcrib'd by the 
 moft curious Statue, or the moft du- 
 rable Marble. I am. Sir, with very great 
 Regard, 
 
 Tour mojl Ohligdy 
 
 And mofl Obedient Servant^ 
 
 John Ball. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TRANSLATOR. 
 
 T* is ciijlomary upon a Tranjlation 
 to give fome Account both of the 
 Author^ and his Writings. The 
 Authcr Petrus Gyllius, as hejlands 
 enroWd amofig the Men of Emi- 
 nenc)\ and Figure in polite hearn- 
 ing^ I find to be a Native of Ah\ in France. He 
 was in great Reputation in the fixteenth Ce?itury^ 
 and was look'd upon as a Writer of fo good a 
 Tafte^ 'and fo comprehenfive a Genius, that there 
 was fcarce any thing in the polite Languages^ 
 which had efcafd him. As he had a particular 
 Regard for Men of dijlinguified Learnings fo 
 was he equally honour d^ and ejiee??i'd by them, 
 Francis the Firjl^ King of France, the great Pa- 
 
 A 3 t?~o?i 
 
The Translator's 
 
 iron of Literature^ and who was alfo a good 
 Judge of his Abilities, fent hijfi into Italy, and 
 Greece, to make a CoUediion of all the choice 
 Manufcripts which had never been printed^ but in 
 his Pajjage it was his Misfortune to be taken by 
 the Corfairs. Some T^ime after, by the Applica- 
 tion and Generofty of Cardinal d'Armanac, he 
 was redeemed jrom Slavery. T'he jujl Senfe this 
 munificent Patron had of his Merit, incited him, 
 when my Author had finifd more than fourty 
 Tears travels over all Greece, Ada, and the 
 greatejl Part of Africa, in the Search of Anti- 
 quity, to receive him into his Friendjhip, and Fa- 
 mily ; where, while he was digefiing, and metho- 
 dizing his Labours for the Service of the Publick, 
 he dyd in the Tear 1555, and in the 65^"^ Tear 
 of his Age. 
 
 Although it was his Intention to have publifhed 
 all the Learned Obfervations he had made in his 
 j'ravels, yet he livd to give us only a Defcrip- 
 tion of the Bofporus, Thrace, and Conftanti- 
 nople, with an Account of the Antiquities of 
 each of thofe Places. Jn his Search of what was 
 curious he was indefatigable, and had a per- 
 fe5i Knowledge of it in all its Parts. He had 
 alfo tranfiated into Latin Theodore'^ Coinmenta- 
 ries on the Minor Prophets, and fixteen Books of 
 MX\2ins Hiflory of x^Lnimals. Petrus Belonius is 
 highly refleBed upon, in that being his Domeftick, 
 and a Cojnp anion with him in his T^ ravels, he 
 took the Freedom to publifj fever al of his Works 
 under his own Name : And indeed fuch a fla- 
 grant Difonejly in aSling the Plagiary in fo 
 ^rofs a manner^ was jujlly punijh'd with the mofi 
 
 fevers 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 fever e Cenfiires; fince it had been Merit enough 
 to have deferv'd the Praifes of the Learned World 
 for Publljhlng fuch valuable Pieces^ with an ho- 
 nourable Acknowledgment of the Author of them, 
 
 I have no Occafion to vindicate the Worth 
 and Credit of my Author, whofe Fame will live, 
 and ftourijh, while the CharaBcrs given hi?n by 
 Gronovius, Thuanus, Morreri, Tournefort, a?2d 
 Montfaucon are of any Weight. Thefc Great 
 Men have recorded hi?n to future I'imes, for his 
 deep Infight into Natural Knowledge , his wi- 
 weary d Application to the Study of Antiquity, 
 and his great Accuracy and Exa£l}iefs in Wri- 
 tin?-. 
 
 In the following Treatife, the Reader has be- 
 fore him a full and lively View of one of the 
 moft magnifxent Cities in the JJniverfe -, Jiately, 
 and beautiful in its Natural Situation, improvd 
 with all the Art and Advantages of fine Archi- 
 teBure, and furnifloed with the fnoft co/lly Re- 
 mains of Antiquity ; Jo that New Rome, in 7nany 
 Injia?ices of that Kind, may feem to excell the 
 Old. 
 
 / hope ??iy Author will not be thought too par- 
 ticular and exaB in de /bribing the fever a I Hills 
 and Vales, upon which Conftantinople jlands, when 
 it is confiderd, that he is delineating the Fineft 
 Situation in the World. 
 
 T^he Manner in which he treats on this Sub^ 
 je5f is very entertaining-, and his Defcriptions, 
 though with the greateft Regard to T'ruth, are 
 embellif^d with a Grace and Beautx, almojl Poe- 
 tical. This, I look upon it, was occafion d by the 
 agreeable Variety of delightful Profpe5ls and Si- 
 
 A 4 tuations 
 
The Translator's 
 
 tuatiom, which the SubjeB naturally led him to 
 defcribe. 
 
 The prefent State of Conftantinople, I mean 
 as to the Meannejs ajid Poverty of its BiiildingSy 
 is attefied by all ihofe, who have either fecn^ or 
 wrote concerning it \ fo that 'tis not Now to be 
 compared with it felf as it flood in its Antient 
 Glory. The Turks have fiich an Averfion to all 
 that is curious in Learning , or magnificent in 
 ArchiteBure^ or valuable in Antiquity y that they 
 have made it a Piece of Merits for abov£ 20q 
 Tears, to demolifli, and efface every thing of that 
 Kind-y fo that this Account of the Antiquities 
 of that City given us by Gyllius, is not only the 
 Be ft, but indeed the Only colleSlive Hiflory of 
 them. 
 
 In tracing out the Buildings of Old Byzan- 
 tium, the antient Greek Hiflorians, which he per- 
 feBly underfloody were of great Service to him ; 
 this, with his own perfonal Obfervations, as re- 
 f ding for feme Tears at Conftantinople, furniflyd 
 him with Materials fuffcient for the prefent Hi- 
 
 The Curious, who have always admird the 
 Accuracy of this Work of Gyllius, have yet been 
 highly concern d, that it wanted the Advantage 
 of Cuts, by which the Header might have the 
 agreeable Plcafure of furveying with the Eye^ 
 what my Author has fo cxaBly defcrih'd with the 
 Pen, 
 
 I have therefore endeavoured to fupply this De- 
 fied, by prefenting to the View of the Reader a 
 ColleSiion of Figures, which do not only refer to 
 fuch Curiofties as be will find mention d in the 
 
 feveral 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 feveral Parts of my Author, but fuch as have 
 been defcrWd by other later travellers , and by 
 this Means I hope I have given a compleat View 
 of whatsoever is mofi remarkable in the Antiquities 
 of Conftantinople. 'The Catalogue and Order of 
 the Cuts is as follows -y 
 
 I. The Thracian Bofporus, with the Situatio?i 
 c/'Conftantinople, as antiently divided into Wards ^ 
 
 from Du Frefne. 
 
 II. A Delineation of that City, as it flood in 
 the Tear 1422, before it was taken by the Turks; 
 from the fame, 
 
 III. The Ichnography, or Plan of the Church of 
 San6ta Sftphia , from the fame. 
 
 IV. The whole View of the Church of Sand:a 
 Sophia; from the fame. 
 
 V. The outfide ProfpeB of that Church ; from 
 the fame. 
 
 VI. The inftde View of it ; from the fame, 
 
 VII. The Plan of the Church of the Apojlles ; 
 from Sir George Wheler. 
 
 VIII. The antient Hippodrom, with the The- 
 baean Obelifk, and the Engines by which it was 
 ereBed j from Spon a?2d Wheler. 
 
 IX. The Three Pillars, viz. the Serpentine and 
 Porphyry Pillars, Jlanding in the Hippodrom, as 
 defcribed by Gyllius, with the Pillar of the Em- 
 peror y[avc\2in,fmce difcoverd by Spon ^/zJ Whe- 
 ler in a private Garden ; frotJi B. Randolph. 
 
 X. The Hiforical Pillar, defcribed by Gyllius, 
 and fine e by Tournefort ; from Du Frefne. 
 
 XI. A View of the Seraglio Point, with a Re- 
 prefentation of the prefent Imperial Palace, and 
 
 the 
 
The Translator's, %Fc. 
 
 the Church of Sanda Sophia; from B. Ran- 
 dolph. 
 
 Whe?! this Imprejjion was almoft finifo' d, a lear^ 
 tied Gentleman of the JJniverfity of Oxon, to whom 
 my befi Acknowledgments are due, communicated 
 to 7ne a valuable Pajjage, relating to the Sta- 
 tues of Conftantinople, demolifhed by the Ro- 
 mans, which he tranfcribed from the Secotid Book 
 o/"Nicetas Choniar, a MS. in the Bodl. Lib. / 
 have added a Tranjlation of it by way i?/' Appen- 
 dix ; ajid I prefume that the Reader will look 
 upon it as a curious and an agreeable Entertain^ 
 ment. 
 
 CON- 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 HE Preface of the Author^ defcrihing the 
 Situation <?/"Con{lantinop]e, the Conveni- 
 encies of its Port^ and the Commodities in 
 which it abounds., ' Page i 
 
 ^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 B O O K I. 
 
 Chap. I. Of the Founders of Byzantium, and the 
 different Succeffes and Revolutions of that City, 
 
 Page 13 
 
 II. Of the Extent of Old Byzantium, p. 20 
 
 III. Of the Rebuilding it by Conftantine the Great, 
 and the Largenefs of it in his Time, p. 2 r 
 
 IV. Of the prefent Figure., Compafs, Length, and 
 
 Breadth of Conflantinople, p. 29 
 
 V. A General Djfription c/" Conflantinople, p- 32 
 
 VI. The Situation of all the Parts of the City de- 
 fcrib^d, ■ P- 3^ 
 
 VII. Of the Flrfl HllU the Palace of the Grand 
 
 Seignor, 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Seignor, the Church of St. Sophia, and the 
 
 Hippodrom, P- 3^ 
 
 VIII. Of the Firjl Valley, p. 4^ 
 
 IX. Of the Second /M, p. 44 
 
 X. Of the Second Valley, which divides the Second 
 from the "Third Hill, p. 48 
 
 XI. Of the Third Hill, p. 50 
 
 XII. Of the Third Valley,^ p. 54 
 
 XIII. Of the Fourth Hill, p. 55 
 
 XIV. Of the Fifth Hill, p. 59 
 
 XV. Of the Fifth Valley, p. 61 
 
 XVI. Of the Sixth Hlll^ p. 62 
 
 XVII. Of the Valley which divides the Promontory 
 of the Sixth Hill from the Seventh Hill, p. 64 
 
 XVIII. Of the Seventh Hill, ' p. 6^ 
 
 XIX. Of the W-alls of the City, p. 6y 
 
 XX. Of the Gates of Conftantinople, ajyi the Seven 
 Towers of Old Byzantium, p. 70 
 
 XXI. Of the long Walls, p. 7 a 
 
 Book II. 
 
 Chap. I. Of the Buildings and Monuments of Old 
 Byzantium and Conftantinople, p, ']'^ 
 
 II. Of the Antient Monuments of the Firfl Hill, and 
 
 of the Firfi Ward of the City, p. y^ 
 
 III. Of the Church of St. Sophia, p. 82 
 
 IV. A Defcription of the Church of St. Sophia, as it 
 now appears., P* S7 
 
 V. Of the Statues found on one Side of that Church, 
 
 P- 95 
 \I. Oj the Pharo en the Promontory of Ceras, and 
 
 the Mangana, p. q6 
 
 VII. Of 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 VII. Of the Bagnio*s of Zeuxippus, and its Statues^ 
 
 P-97 
 
 VIII. Of the Hofpitals of Sampfon, and Eubulus, 
 
 p. lOO 
 
 IX. Of the Statue of Eudocia Augufta, for which 
 St. Chryfoftom was fent into Bam fhment^ p. loi 
 
 X. Of thofe Parts of the City which are contained in 
 
 the Third ^2iTd, p. 102 
 
 XI. Of the Hippodrom, its Obelifk, its Statues, 
 and Columns, p. 103 
 
 XII. Of the ColofiTus, p. 10^ 
 
 XIII. Of fome other Columns in the Hippodrom, 
 
 p. no 
 
 XIV. Of the Church of Bacchus, of the Court of 
 Hormifda, and the Houfe 0/" Juftinian, p. 117 
 
 XV. Of the Port 0/ Julian and Sophia •, of the Por- 
 tico nam^d Sigma, and the Palace of St. So- 
 phia, p. 120 
 
 XVI. Of the Fourth Ward, p. 126 
 
 XVII. 0//i?f Forum rj/tWAugufteum, the Pillar of 
 Theodolius, and Juftinian, alfo of the Senate- 
 houfe, P- 127 
 
 XVIII. Of the Imperial Palace^ and the Bafilica, as 
 alfo of the Palace of Conftantine, and of the 
 Houfe of Entrance ;2^;»'J Chalca, P- ^33 
 
 XIX. Of the Bafilica, and the Imperial JValks, 
 
 p. 140 
 
 XX. Of the Imperial Library and Portico, and alfo 
 of the Imperial Ciftern, p. 143 
 
 XXI. 0/ ^Z?^ Chalcopratia, p. 148 
 
 XXII. Of the Portico's fituate hetzveen the Palace, 
 and the Forum o/Conftaniine, p. 150 
 
 XXIII. Of the Miliarium Aureum, and its Statues ; 
 of Fortune, the Goddefs of the City, and her 
 Statue, p. 152 
 
 XXIV. Of the Te7nple of Neptune, and the Church 
 of St. Mina or Menna, of the Stadia, and Stairs 
 of Timafius, P- ^57 
 
 I XXV. Of 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 XXV. Of the Laufus, and its Statues', viz. a 
 Venus o/"Cnidos, a Juno o/Samos, a Minerva 
 of Lindia, a winged Cupid, a Jupiter Olym,- 
 pius, a Saturn, Unicorns, Tygers, Vultures, 
 Beafts that are half Camels and half Panthers ; 
 of the Ciflem, in an Hofpital^ which was caWd 
 Philoxenos, and a Chryfotriclinium, p. 159 
 
 0<OQGQQQOQOQO Q^QOQ9Q^390 g)QQ(OQ 
 
 Book III. 
 
 Chap. I. Of fever al Places in the Fifth Ward, and 
 the Second Hill-, of the Neorium, of the Port 
 narn'd the Bofporium, of the Strategium, and 
 the Forum of Theodofius, p. 164 
 
 II. Of the Sixth Ward, and the remaining antient 
 
 Buildings of the Second Hill^ P- 171 
 
 III. Of the Porphyry Pillar, the Forum of Conftan- 
 
 tine, «W //?^ Palladium, p. 172 
 
 IV. Of the Senate Houfe, the Nympheum, and the 
 Statues in the Forum of Conftantine, of the 
 Labarum and Supparum, of the Philadelphi- 
 um, of the Death of Arius, and of the 'Tem- 
 ples 0/ Tell us, Ceres, Perfephone, Juno, and 
 Pluto, p. 181 
 
 V. Of the Seventh Ward, p. 190 
 
 VI. Of the Street caWd Taurus, of the Forum, and 
 Pillar of Theodofius, which had winding Stairs 
 within it -■> of the Tetrapylum, the Pyramidi- 
 cal Engine of the Winds, of the Statues of 
 Arcadius, and Honorius, the Churches of Hi- 
 rena, and Anaftafia, and the Rocks called Scy- 
 ronides, p. 193 
 
 VII. Of the Eighth Ward, and the Back-part of the 
 Third Hilly p. 202 
 
 vm. Of 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 VIII. Of ihs Ninth Ward, of the Temple of Con- 
 cord, of the Granaries of Alexandria and 
 Th^odofius, of the Baths of Anaftafia, of the 
 Houfe of Craterus, of the Modius, and the Te7n- 
 ple of the Sun and Moon, p. 205 
 
 IX. Of the Third Valley, and the Tenth Ward, of the 
 Hoitfe^ and Palace of Placidia, of the Aque- 
 dufls of Valencinian, the Baths of CoY\^2int\uSi, 
 and the Nympheum, p. 209 
 
 B o o K IV. 
 
 Chap. I. Of the Eleventh Ward, and of the Fourth 
 and Fifth Hill^ P- 217 
 
 II. Of the Church of the Apoftles, of the Sepulchre 
 
 (?/" Conftantine the Great, of the Cifferns of Ar- 
 cadius, and Modeftus, of the Palace of Pla- 
 cilla, and the Brazen Bull, p, 221 
 
 III. Of the Sixth Hill, and the Fourteenth Ward, 
 
 p. 236 
 
 IV. Of the Hepdomum, a Part of the Suburbs, of 
 the Triclinium of Magnaura, of the Palace 
 called Cyclobion, of the Statue of Mauritius, 
 and his Arfenal^ and alfo of the Place called the 
 Cynegium, p. 238 
 
 V. Of the Blacherna?, the Triclinium of the Bla- 
 
 chernae, of the Palace^ the Aqueduft, and ?nany 
 other Places of Antiquity^ p. 244 
 
 VI. Of the Bridge near the Church of St. Mamas, of 
 the Hippodrom, of the Brazen Lyon, and the 
 Tomb of the Emperor Mauritius, p. 248 
 
 VII. Of the Seventh ^Hill^ the Twelfth Ward, a7id of 
 the Pillar o/Arcadius, p. 250 
 
 VIII. Of 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 VIII. Of the Statues, and the ancient Tripos of A- 
 polio plac\i in the Xerolophon, p. 255 
 
 IX. Of the Columns now remaining on the Seventh 
 Hill, p. 261 
 
 X. Of the Thirteenth Wafd of the City, called the 
 
 Sycene Ward, of the Toiun of Galaca, fometimes 
 called Pera, p. 264 
 
 XI. A Defcription of Galata, of the Temples of Am- 
 phiaraus, of Diana, and Venus, of its Theatre^ 
 and the Forum of Honorius, p. 270 
 
 An Appendix^ taken out of a MS. /;; the Bodleian 
 Library of the Univerfity of Oxon, relating to 
 the antient Statues of Conftaniinople, demolifh'd 
 hy the Latins, when they took the City, p. 285 
 
Isj^BESBsesaieBa 
 
 T H E 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 A UT HO R, 
 
 Defer ibing the Situation of 
 Covftmitmople, the Conve- 
 niencies of its Port, and 
 the Commodities in which 
 it abounds. ' 
 
 Onstantinople is fituated after 
 fuch a Manner in a Peninjida, that 
 'tis fcarce bounded by the Conti- 
 nent J for on three Sides 'tis inclo- 
 fed by the Sea. Nor is it only well 
 fortified by its natural Situation, 
 but 'tis alfo well guarded by Forts, eredted in 
 
 B large 
 
z The A u T i^ o R '5 
 
 large Fields, extending from the City at leaft a 
 two Day's Journey, and more than twenty Miles 
 in Length. The Seas that bound the Peni?ifula 
 are Politics y or the Black Sea, the Bofpcrus, and the 
 Fropontis. The City is inclofed by a Wall for- 
 merly built by Anaftafius. 'Tis upon this Ac- 
 count that being fccured as it were by a double 
 Peninjula, fhe entitles her felf the Fortrefs of all 
 Europe, and claims the Preheminence over all the 
 Cities of the World, as hanging over the Straits 
 both of Europe and Afia. For befides other im- 
 menfe Advantages peculiar to it, this is look'd up- 
 on as a principal Convenience of its Situation, 
 that 'tis encompaifcd by a Sea abounding with the 
 fineft Harbours for Ships; on the South by the 
 Propontis, on the Eaft by the Bofporiis, and on 
 the North by a Bay full of Ports, which can not 
 only be fecured by a Boom, but even without 
 fuch a Security, can greatly annoy the Enemy. 
 For the Walls o^ Cotijlantinople and Galata ftrait- 
 ning its Latitude into lefs than half a Mile over, 
 it has often deftroy'd the Enemies Ships by liquid 
 Fire, and other Inftruments of War. I would re- 
 mark farther, that were it fecured according to 
 the Improvements of modern Fortification, it 
 would be the flrongeft Fortrefs in the World ; 
 'uiz. if the four ancient Ports, formerly inclofed 
 within its Walls by Booms, were rebuilt; two 
 of which (being not only the Ornament, but the 
 Defence of old Byzantium) held out a Siege a- 
 ^■imi^i Sever us for the Space of three Years ; nor 
 could it ever be obliged to a Surrender, but by 
 Famine only. For befides the Profits and Advan- 
 tages it receives from the Propontis and lEgean 
 
 Sea, 
 
PREFACE. 3 
 
 Sea, it holds an abfolute Dominion over the Black 
 Sea y and by one Door only, namely by the Bof- 
 porus^ fliuts up its Communication with any other 
 part of the World; for no Ship can pals this Sea, 
 if the Port thinks fit to difpute their PalTage. By 
 which means it falls out, that all the Riches of 
 the Black Sea, whether exported or imported, are 
 at her Command. And indeed fuch conliderable 
 Exportacions are made from hence of Hydes of 
 all Kinds, of Honey, of Wax, of Slaves, and o- 
 ther Commodities, as fupply a great Part of Eu- 
 rope^ AJia and Africa j and on the other hand, 
 there are imported from thofe Places fuch extra- 
 ordinary Quantities of Wine, Oil, Corn, and o- 
 ther Goods without Number, that Myfia, Dacia^ 
 Pannonia, Sarmatia^ Maotis, Colchis^ Spain, Al- 
 bania, Cappadocia, Armenia, Media^ Parthia, 
 and both Parts of Scythia, Ihare in the great A- 
 bundance. 'Tis for thisReafon, that not only all 
 foreign Nations, if they would entitle themfelves 
 to any Property in the immenfe Wealth of the 
 Black Sea, but alfo all Sea Port and Ifland Towns are 
 obliged to court the Friendship of this City. Be- 
 iides, 'tis impoffible for any Ships to pafs or re- 
 pafs, either from Ajia or Europe, but at herPlea- 
 fure, flie being as it were the Bridge and Port of 
 both thofe Worlds ; nay, I might call her the Con- 
 tinent that joins them, did not the Hellefpont di- 
 vide them. But this Sea is thought, in manyRe- 
 fpe<fb5, to be inferior to that of Conjlantinopk; 
 - firfl, as it is much larger, and then, as not ha- 
 ving a Bay as that has, by which its City might 
 be made a Peninfula, and a commodious Port for 
 Ships: And indeed if it had fuch a Bay, yet could 
 
 B 2 It 
 
4 Tloe Author'^ 
 
 it reap no Advantage of Commerce from the 
 Black Sea, but by the Permiffion of the People of 
 Conjiantimple. Conjiafitine at firft began to build 
 a City upon Sigeum, a Promontory hanging over 
 the Straits of the Helkjpont : but quitting that Si- 
 tuation, he afterwards pitch'd upon a Promonto- 
 ry of Byxanthun. 'T'roy, I acknowledge, is a mag- 
 nificent City, but they were blind, who could not 
 difcover the Situation of Byzantium ; all ftark 
 blind, whofoundedCities within View of it, either 
 on the Coaft of the Hcllefpojit^ or the Fropontis ; 
 which though they maintain'd their Grandeur for 
 fome Time, yet at prefent are quite in Ruins, or 
 have only a few Streets remaining, and which, if 
 they were all rebuilt, muft be in Subjedion to Con- 
 jiantmople, as being fuperior in Power to all of 
 them. Wherefore we may juftly entitle her the 
 Key, not only of the Black Sea, but alfo of the Pro- 
 pontis and the Mediterranean Sea. Cyzicus (now 
 called Chazico) is highly in Efteem, for that it 
 joins by two Bridges the Ifland to the Continent, 
 and unites two oppofite Bays, and is, as Arijlides 
 informs us, the Bond of the Black, and the Me- 
 diterranean Sea \ but any Man, who has his Eyes 
 in his Plead, may fee, that 'tis but a very weak 
 one. The Propontis flow^s in a broad Sea, be- 
 tween Cyzicus and Europe ; by which Means as a 
 PafTage is open into both Seas, though the Peo- 
 ple of Cyzicus fhould pretend to difpute it; fo 
 they on the other hand, fliould the People of 
 Hellejpont or ConJia?itinople conteft it with them, 
 could have no Advantage of the Commerce of ei- 
 ther of thofe Seas. I fhall fay nothing at prefent 
 of Heraclea, Seh?7ibria, and Chalcedon, fcated on 
 
 the 
 
P R E F A C E. J 
 
 the Coaft of the Propontis, anciently Cities of Re- 
 nown, both for the Induilry of their Inhabitants, 
 and the Agreeablenefs of their Situation ; but they 
 could never lliare in the principal Commodities 
 of other Towns of Traffick, in the Neighbour- 
 hood of the Port of Confiantifiopk^ which was al- 
 ways look'd upon as impregnable. The Harbours 
 of thofe Cities have lain for a confiderable time 
 all under Water, fo that they were not of fufficient 
 Force to fail the Bofportis and the Helkfpont^ with- 
 out the Permiffion of the Inhabitants of thofe 
 Places : But the Byzantians rode Mailers of the 
 Black Sea^ in Defiance of them all. Byzantium 
 therefore feems alone exempted from thofe Incon- 
 veniencies and Incapacities which have happen'd 
 to her Neighbours, and to many other potent and 
 fiourifhing Cities, which for feveral Years having 
 lain in their own Ruins, are either not rebuilt 
 with their ancient Grandeur, or have changed 
 their former Situation. All its neighbouring 
 Towns are yet loft: There is only the Name of 
 Me^nphis remaining. Whereas Babylon^ feated in 
 its Neighbourhood, from a fmall Fort, is become 
 a large and populous City; and yet neither of 
 them is fo commodious as Conjlantinople. I fhall 
 take no Notice of 5^/^ywz in Affy?-ia^ who, when 
 fhe was in her moft flourifhiiig State, had the 
 Mortification to fee a City built near her, equal 
 in Largenefs to her felf : Why is not Alexandria 
 rebuilt, but becaufe fhe mufl: fupport her felf 
 more by the Induftry of her People, than the A- 
 greeablenefs of her Situation ? 'Twas the Sand:ity 
 of St. Peter ^ and the Grandeur of the Roman 
 Name, that contributed more to the rebuilding 
 
 B 3 old 
 
6 . Tie Author'^ 
 
 old' Rome, than the natural Situation of the Place 
 itfelf, as having no Convenience for Ships and 
 Harbours. I pafs by in Silence yhhc?js and Lace- 
 damofiy which were more remarkable for the 
 Learning and refolute Bravery of their People, 
 than the Situation of their City. I omit the two 
 Eyes of the Sea Coaft, Cori?ith and Carthage, both 
 which falling into Ruins at the fame Time, were 
 firft repaired by Julius Ct^far ; afterwards, when 
 they iell entirely to decay, nobody rebuilt them: 
 And though Carthage is feated in a ¥eninfula 
 with feveral Havens about it , yet in no part of 
 it are there two Seas which fall into each other: 
 For though Corinth may be faid to lie between 
 two Seas, and is call'd die Fort of Peloponnefus, 
 the Key and Door of Greece ; yet is it fo far from 
 uniting in one Chanel two Seas, or two Bays ad- 
 joining to the Pe?iinj'ula, that flic was never able 
 to make Head againft the Mac e^c?ii am or Romans, 
 as Cyzico and Negropofit did ; the one by its well 
 built Forts and oiher War-like Means, and the 
 other by the Strength of its natural Situation. 
 But Conjiantinoplc is the Key both of the Mediter- 
 ranean and Black Sea, which alone, by the beft 
 Skill in Navigation, nay though you were to make 
 a Voyage round the "World, you will find to meet 
 only in one Point, and that is, the Mouth of the 
 Port. I fhall fay nothing oi Venice, which does 
 not fo much enclofe the Sea for proper Harbours, 
 as 'tis enclofed by it, and labours under greater 
 DifRculties to keep off the Swellings and Inunda- 
 tions of the Seas, than unite them together. I 
 pafs by the Situations of the whole Univerfe, 
 wherever there are, have, or fhall be Cities ; in 
 
 none 
 
PRE FACE. 7 
 
 none of them fliall you find a Port abounding 
 with lb many and fo great Conveniencies, both 
 for the Maintenance of its Dominion over the 
 Seas, and the Support of Life, as in this City. It 
 is furnifh'd with Plenty of all manner of Provi- 
 fions, being fupply'd with Corn by a very large 
 Field of Thrace, extending itfelf, in fome Parts of 
 it, a Length of feven Days, and in others, of a 
 more than twenty Days Journey. I fliall fay no- 
 thing of y^/?^ adjoining to it, abounding with the 
 greateft Fruitfuinefs both of Corn and Pafture, 
 and the beft Conveniencies for their Impor- 
 tation from both Seas. And as to the immense 
 Quantity of ^its Wines, befides what is the Pro- 
 dudl: of its own Soil, it is furnifli'd with that Com- 
 modity from all the Coafts of the Bofporus, the 
 P?'opontis, and the Hellefpont, which are all well 
 ftock'd with Vineyards ; and without the Danger 
 of a long \^oyage, Confiantinople can, at her Plea- 
 fure, import the choiceft Wines of all Kinds, and 
 whatever elfe may contribute to her own Gratifi- 
 cation and Delight. 'Tis for this Reafon that 
 T'heopompiis gives her this Character, That ever 
 fince fhe became a Mart-Town, her People were 
 wholly taken up, either in the Market, in the 
 Port, or at Taverns, giving themfelves up entire- 
 ly to Wine. Menander, in his Comedy Auletris, 
 tells us, that Conflantimple makes all her Mer- 
 chants Sots. 1 bouze it, fays one of his Adtors, 
 all Night J and upon my ^waking after the Dofe, I 
 fancy I have no lefs than four Heads upon my Shoul- 
 ders. The Comedians play handfom.ely upon them, 
 in giving us an Account, that when their City 
 was befieged, their General had no other Way to 
 
 B 4 keep 
 
8 The A i T H o R '^ ' 
 
 keep his Soldiers from deferting, but by building 
 Taverns within the Walls ; which, tho' a Fault 
 proceeding from their popular Form of Govern- 
 ment, yet at the fame time denotes to us the 
 great Fruitfulnefs of their Soil, and the great 
 Plenty they have of Wine, They who have been 
 Eye-witnelfes can beft attefl, how well they are 
 provided with Flefh, with Venifon and Fowls, 
 which they might fhare more abundantly, but 
 that they are but indifferent Sportfmen. Their 
 Markets are always ftored with the richefl Fruits 
 of all Kinds. If any Obje6lion be made to this, 
 I would have it conlider'd, what Quantities the 
 Turks ufe, after hard Drinking, to allay their 
 Thirfl. And as to Timber, Cojiftantinople is fo 
 plentifully fupply'd with that, both from Europe 
 :ind yffia, and will in all probability continue to be 
 fo, that fhe can be under no Apprehenfions of a 
 Scarcity that way, as long as flie continues a Ci- 
 ty. Woods of an unmeafurable Length, extend- 
 ing themfelves from the Propontis beyond Colchisy 
 a more than forty Days Journey, contribute to her 
 Store J fo that flie does not only fupply the neigh- 
 bouring Parts with Timber for building Ships and 
 Houfes, but even Mgypt^ Arabia and Africa^ par- 
 take in the inexhauftible Abundance ; while fhe, 
 of all the Cities in the World, cannot lie under 
 the want of Wood of any Ki^id, under which, e- 
 ven in our Time, we have obferved the moft 
 flourifhing Cities, both o^ Europe and A/ia, fome- 
 times to have fallen. MarjeiJles, Venice^ 'T^araJi- 
 fo, are all famous for Fifli j yet Conjlantinople ex- 
 ceeds them all in its Abundance of this Kind, 
 The Port is fupply'd with vaft Quantities fron^ 
 
 both 
 
PREFACE. 9 
 
 both Seas ; nor do they fwim only in thick Shoals 
 through the Bofporus^ but alfo from Chalcedon to 
 this Port. Infomuch that twenty Fifli- Boats have 
 been laden with one Net ; and indeed they are fo 
 numberlefs, that oftentimes from the Continent 
 you may take them out of the Sea with your 
 Hands. Nay, when in the Spring, they fwim up 
 into the Black Sea, you may kill them with 
 Stones. The Women, with Olier Ballcets ty'd to 
 a Rope, angle for them out of the Windows, and 
 the Filhermen with bare Hooks take a fort of 
 Fifh of the T^iinny Kind, in fuch Quantities, as are 
 a competent Supply to ^WGreece^ and a great part 
 ^ of y^J/a and Europe. But not to recount the dif- 
 ferent Kinds of Fifli they are ftock'd with, they 
 catch fuch Multitudes of Oyfters, and other Shell 
 Fifh, that you may fee in the Fifl:i Market every 
 Day, fo many Boats full of them, as are a Suffi- 
 ciency to the Grecians, all their Faft-Days, when 
 they abftain from all forts of Fifh which have 
 Blood in them. If there was not fo coniiderable 
 a Plenty of Flefli at Conftantinople, if the People 
 took any Pleafure in eating Fifli, and their Fifh- 
 ermen were as indullrious as thole of Venice and 
 Marfeilles, and were alfo allow'd a Freedom in 
 their Fifliery, they would have it in their Power, 
 not only to pay as a Tribute a third part of their 
 Fifli at leall: to the Grand Seignor, but alfo to 
 fupply all the leffer Towns in her Neighbourhood. 
 If we confider the Temperature of the Climate of 
 l^QwRome, it mufl: be allow'd by proper Judges, 
 that it far excels that of Po7itus. For my own 
 part, I have often experienced it to be a more 
 healthy Air than that oiOX^Rojne-, and for many 
 
 Years 
 
lo Tioe Author^ 
 
 Years paft, I have fcarce obferved above a Winter 
 or two to have been very cold, and that the Sum- 
 mer Heats have been, allay'd by the northern 
 Breezes, which generally clear the Air for the 
 whole Seafon. In the Winter, 'tis a little warm 'd 
 by the Ibuthern Winds, which have the fame Ef- 
 fc6l. When the Wind is at North, they have 
 generally Rain, though 'tis quite otherwife in I- 
 taly and France. As to the Plague, 'tis lefs ra- 
 ging, lefs m.ortal, and no more rife among them, 
 than it is, commonly fpeaking, in great Cities; 
 and which indeed would be lefs rife, were it not 
 for the Multitudes of the common People, and 
 the foul Way of Feeding among their Slaves. But 
 that I may not feem to flourifh too largely in the 
 Praife of this City, never to be defamed by the 
 mofl four Cynicky I mull confefs that there is one 
 great Inconvenience it labours under, vyhich is, 
 that 'tis more frequently inhabited by a favage, 
 than a genteel and civiliz'd People ; not but that 
 ihe is capable of refining the Manners of the moft 
 rude and unpolifli'd; but becaufe her Inhabitants, 
 by their luxiiyous way of living, emafculate them- 
 felves, and for that Reafon are wholly incapable of 
 making any Refiftance againft thofe barbarous Peo- 
 ple, by whom, to a vafl Diftance, they are en- 
 compafs'd on all Sides. From hence it is, that 
 although Co?2fta?2ti?20pIe (etvns as it were by Nature 
 form'd for Government, yet her People are nei- 
 ther under the Decencies of Education , nor any 
 Stridnefs of Difcipline. Their Affluence makes 
 them flothful, and their Pride renders them averfe 
 to an open Familiarity, and a generous Converfa- 
 tion J fo that they avoid all Opportunities of be- 
 ing 
 
V PRE FACE. 11 
 
 ing thruft out of Company for their Infolence, or 
 falling into Diffenfions amongft themfelves, by 
 which means the Chriflian Inhabitants of the 
 Place, formerly loft both their City and Govern- 
 ment. But let their Qufirrels and Divifions run 
 never fo high, and throw the whole City into a 
 Flame, as they have many times done, nay tho* 
 they ilioLild rafe her even with the Ground, yet 
 file would foon rife again out of her own Ruins, 
 by reafon of the Pleafantnefs of her Situation, 
 without which the Black Sea could not fo pro- 
 perly be called the Euxine^ as the Axine Sea, (the 
 Inhabitaiits of whofe Coaft ufed to kill all Stran- 
 gers that fell into their Hands) by reafon of the 
 great Numbers of barbarous People who dwell 
 round the Black Sea. It would be dangerous ven- 
 turing on the Coafts of the Black Sea., either by 
 Land or Water, which are full of Pyrates and 
 Robbers, unlefs they were kept in a tolerable Or- 
 der by the Government of the Port. There 
 would be no paffing the Straits of the Bo/poruSy 
 which is inhabited on both Shores by a barbarous 
 People, but for the fame Reafon. And though 
 a Man was never fo fecure cf a fafe Paflage, yet 
 he might miftake his Road at the Mouth of the 
 Bofporus ., being mifguided by the falfe Lights, 
 which the Th?'aciaj2s, who inhabit the Coafts of 
 the Black Sea, formerly ufed to hang out, inftead 
 of a Pharos. 'Tis therefore not only In the Pow- 
 er of ConJiaiiti?wple , to prevent any Foreigners 
 failing the Black Sea ; but in reality no^ Powers 
 can fail it, without fome Afliftance from her. 
 Since therefore Confiantimple is the Fortrefs of all 
 Europe^ both againft the Pyrates of Pontus, and 
 
 the 
 
1 2 The A U T H O R '5, &c. 
 
 the Savages oi AJla^ was fhe never fo effecflually 
 demolifh'd, as to all Appearance, yet would llie 
 rife again out of her Ruins to her former 
 Grandeur and Magnificence. With what Fury 
 did Severus purfue this City, even to an entire 
 Subverlion ? And yet when he cool'd in his Re- 
 fentments againft thefe People, he recolledled 
 with himfelf, that he had deliroy'd a City which 
 had been the common Benefad:refs of the Uni- 
 verfe, and the grand Bulwark of the Eaftern Em- 
 pire. In a litde time after he began to rebuild 
 her, and order 'd her, in Honour of his Son, to be 
 call'd Anto7iina. I fhall end with this Reflection ; 
 That though all other Cities have their Periods of 
 Government, and are fubjedt to the Decays of 
 Time, Confiantinople alone feems to claim to her- 
 felf a kind of Immortality, and will continue a 
 City, as long as the Race of Mankind fhall live 
 either to inhabit or rebuild her. 
 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 Const A ntinople. 
 
 BOOK I. 
 
 Chap. I. 
 
 Of the Founders of Byzantium, ayid the 
 different Sticceffes and Revolutions of 
 that City. 
 
 T is recorded by Stephantis and Faufa- 
 mas^ that Byzantium^ now call'd 
 Conjiantinople^ was firft founded by 
 Byxas the Son of Neptime and Cero- 
 effa, or by a Perfon named Byzes, Ad- 
 miral of the Fleet of the Megarians, who tranf- 
 ^ planted 
 
1 4 The A N T I Q^U I T I E s 
 
 planted a Colony thither. I am of Opinion, that 
 this was the fame Perfon with Byzas. For had it 
 taken its Name from Byzes, this City had more 
 properly been call'd Byzeum than Byzantium. 
 Philoftratus^ in the life o^ Marcus 2i Sophiil ofBy- 
 zantium^ calls the Admiral of that Fleet by the 
 Name of Byzas^ when he informs us, that Mar- 
 cus (whom he would have defcended from the 
 ancient Family of Byzas) made a Voyage to Me- 
 gara^ and was exceedingly in Favour with the 
 People there, who had formerly fent over a Colo- 
 ny to Byzantiiim. This People, when they had 
 confulted Apollo where they fliould found a City, 
 received in Anfwer from the Oracle, That they 
 Jhouldfeek out a Situation oppofite to the Land of 
 the Blind. The People of Chalcedon were given 
 to underfland by this myftical Anfwer, that tho' 
 they had made a Landing there before, and had 
 an Opportunity of viewing the commodious Si- 
 tuation of that and other Places adjacent, yet at 
 lafl had pitch'd upon the mofl improper Place of 
 all. As to what is mention'd by Jujiin^ that By- 
 zantiiun was firfl founded by Paujanias a Spar- 
 tan^ I take it to import no more than this j that 
 they who affirm that Syca^ at prefent call'd Gala- 
 ta^ was firfl founded by the Genoefe^ as was Con- 
 jiantinople by Co?iftantine, their Meaning was, 
 that they either rebuilt or enlarged thofe Places, 
 and not that they were the firfl Founders of them. 
 For when I find it in Herodotus , that upon the 
 Invafion of Thrace by Dajius^ the People of jB)'- 
 zantium and Chalcedon were not in the leafl Ex- 
 pedtation of the Arrival of the Phcenician Fleet, 
 that having quitted their Cities, they retired into 
 
 the 
 
^/Constantinople. ij 
 
 the Inland Shores of the Black Sea , and there 
 founded Mejembria , and that the Phce?iicians 
 burnt Byzantium J and Chalcedoii\ I am of Opini- 
 on, that the Lace dee monians^ under the Command 
 of Faiijmias^ fent a Colony thither, and rebuilt 
 Byzantium y which was before either a Colony of 
 the Megarians, or the Seat of the Subjeds of By- 
 zas the Son of Neptune^ its firft Founder. En- 
 Jiathius allures us, that it was anciently caWed^fito- 
 nina from Antoninus Baffianus, the Son of Sevcrus 
 Ccefary but that it palTed under that Name no 
 longer than his Father liv'd, and that many Years 
 after it was call'd New Bome^ and Confiantinople^ 
 and AnthuJ'a y.,ox Florentia ^ by Conflantine the 
 Great ; upon which Account it is call'd by Bri- 
 J'cian New Conjlantinopolitan Borne. It was fore- 
 told by the Oracle, that its Inhabitants fhould be 
 a fuccefsful and flourifhing People, but a con- 
 ftant Courfe of Profperity did not always attend 
 them. 'Twas with great Difficulty that this City 
 firft began to make a Figure in the World, in the 
 Struggles it underwent with the Thracians^ Bi- 
 tbynianSy and Ga/iogrecia?is, and in paying a year- 
 ly Tribute of eighty Talents to the Gauls who go- 
 vern'd in AJia. 'Twas with greater Contefts that 
 it rofe to higher Degrees of Eminency, being fre- 
 quently harafs'd, . not only with foreign, but do- 
 meilick Enemies. Mighty Changes it underwent, 
 being fometimes under the popular , fometimes 
 under the^ ariflocratical Form of Government , 
 widely extending its Conquefts in Europe and A- 
 fiay but efpecially in Bithy?iia. For Bhilarcus ob- 
 ferves in the fixth Book of his Hiftoryy that the 
 Byzantian: had the fame Power over the Bit by - 
 
 fiiajis. 
 
i6 The AKTiQ^tJiTiEs 
 
 nians^ as the hacedamoriiam had over their Helo- 
 ta. This Commonwealth had fo great a Venera- 
 tion- for the Ftolemcei Kings of Mgypt , that to 
 one of them nam'd PhiladelphuSy they pay'd di- 
 vine Honours, and ered:ed a Temple to him, in 
 the Sight of their City; and fo great a Regard had 
 they for the Koman Name, that they alTifted them 
 againft the King oiMacedon^ to whom, as dege- 
 nerating from his Predecelfors, they gave the nick- 
 name of Pjeudo-Philippiis. I need not mention 
 the powerful Succours they fent againft Antio- 
 chus, PerfeuSj Arijlonicus^ and the Affiftance they 
 ^v^ Ayitonius^ when engaged in a War againft the 
 Pyrates. This City alone ftood the Brunt oi Mi- 
 thridates's whole Army landed in their Territo- 
 ries, and at laft, though with great Difticulty, 
 bravely repell'd the Invader. It aflifted at once 
 Sylla^ Lucullus and Pompey, when they lay'd Siege 
 to any Town or Fortification, which might be a 
 Security to their auxiliary Forces in their Paftage, 
 either by Sea or Land, or might prove a conve- 
 nient Port, either for Exportation or Importation 
 of Provifion. Joining its Forces at laft with Ni^ 
 ger 2Lg2an{}i Sever us^ it became fubjedt to the P^- 
 rinthians^ and was defpoil'd of allthe Honours of 
 its Government. All its ftately Bagnio's and The- 
 atres, its ftrong and lofty Walls, (built of fquare 
 Stone, much of the fame Hardnefs with that of a 
 Grindftone, not brought from Miletus^ as PolU 
 tianus fancies) with which it was fortify'd, were 
 entirely ruin'd. I fay, that this Stone was cut out 
 of no Quarry, either of ancient Miletus^ or Mile- 
 topolis; becaufe Miletus lies at too great a't)i- 
 ftance from it, and Miletopolisy which is feated 
 
 near 
 
<?/ Constantinople. 17 
 
 near the River RhynJacm, is no ways famous for 
 Quarries. I faw, by the By, this lafl City, ad- 
 joining to the Lake oi ApoUoJiiatus^ entirely de- 
 moHfh'd, retaining at prefent its Name only. The 
 Walls of Byzantiiun, as Herodian relates, were 
 cemented with fo thin a Mortar, that you would 
 by no means think them a conjointed Building, 
 but one entire Stone. They who faw them in 
 Ruins in Herodia?is Time, were equally furpriz'd 
 at thofe who built, and thole v/ho defaced them. 
 Dion, whom Zonaras quotes, reports, that the 
 Walls of Byza?itium were exceeding ftrong, the 
 Copings of which were built with Stones three 
 Foot thick, cramp'd together with Links of 
 Brafs; and that it was fo firmly compadled in- 
 wardly, that the whole Building feem'd to be one 
 folid Wall. It is adorn'd with numerous and 
 large Towers, having Gates in them placed one 
 above another. The Walls on the fide of the 
 Continent are very lofty; towards the Sea, not 
 quite fo high. It had two Ports within the Walls, 
 fecured with Booms, as was their Entrance by two 
 high Forts. I had then no Opportunity of con- 
 fulting Xenophon in the Original ; however I was 
 of Opinion from the Latin Tranflation, that a 
 Pafiage in that Author, which is as follows, has 
 a Relation to one of thofe Ports : When the Soldi- 
 ers, fays he, had pa (fed over from Chryfopolis to 
 Byzantium, and ivere denyd Entrance into the Ci- 
 ty, they threaten d to force the Gates, unlefs the 
 Inhabitants opend theni of their own Accord -, and 
 immediately haftening to the Sea , they fcaled the 
 Walls, and leaped into the Town, hard by the Sides 
 of the Forty which the Greeks call x^^^> ttiat is 
 
 C by 
 
1 8 Tloe Amtiquities 
 
 by the Piles ; becaufe they jet out into the Sea, 
 winding into the Figure of a Crab's Claw. But 
 afterwards meeting with that Author in Greeks I 
 found no Mention there of the Port, but only tIw 
 X^^^ T^ T«;^i/f , that is, near the Copi?jgs of the 
 Wall^ or rather the Buttrefles that fupport it. 
 Had it been in the Original ■x.nKvi tS Xif<i/u(§^, it 
 ought rather to have been tranllated the Leg, or 
 the j4rm. Dioiiyfiiis a Byza?iiia?i mentions, that 
 the firft Winding of the Bojporus contains three 
 Ports. The Byzanfians in their time had five 
 hundred Ships, fome of which were two-oar'd 
 Galleys; fome had Rudders both at Stem and 
 Stern, and had alfo their Pilates at each, and 
 two Sets of Hands aboard, fo that either in an 
 Engagement, or upon a Retreat, there was no 
 Neceliity for them to tack about. The Byzan- 
 tians, both in the Life-time and after the Death 
 of Niger, when befieged for the Space of three 
 Years, ad:ed Wonders ; for tliey not only took the 
 Enemies Ships as they fail'd by them, but dragg'd 
 their thrce-oar'd Galleys from their Moorings; 
 for diving under Water they cut their Anchors, 
 and by faftening fmall Ropes from the Stern round 
 their Ancles, they hall'd off their Ships, which 
 feem'd to fwim merely by the natural Tyde of the 
 Sea. Nor were the Byzantians the firft who pra- 
 dtis'd this Stratagem, but the 'Tyria?ts frequently, 
 under a Pretence of gathering Shell-Fifh, would 
 play the fame Trick; which Alexander had no 
 Iboner difcover'd, than he gave Orders that the 
 Anchors of his whole Fleet, inftead of Cables, 
 fliould be faften'd to Iron Chains. In this Siege 
 the Byzantiam being reduced to great Straits, ftill 
 ^3 refufed 
 
^/Constantinople. 19 
 
 refufed to furrender, making the beft Defence 
 they could with Timber taken from their Houfes. 
 They ahb breeded Cables for their Ships out of 
 their Womens Hair ; nay fometimes they threw 
 down Statues and Horfes upon the Heads of their 
 Enemies. At lafl their Provifion being entirely 
 fpent, they took up with Hydes foften'd in Wa- 
 ter ; and thele being gone, they were brought to 
 the extreme Neceffity of eating one another : At 
 laft, being wholly reduced by Famine, they were 
 forced to a Surrender. The Kotnans gave no 
 Quarter to the Soldiers, nor the principal Men of 
 the Ciry. The whole Town, with all its ftately 
 Walls in which it glory'd, was levelled with the 
 Ground; and all its 'Theatres and Bagnio s were 
 demolish 'd even to the fmall Compafs of a fmgle 
 Street. Severusw^iS highly pleafed with fo noble 
 a Conquefl. He took away the Freedom of the 
 City, and having deprived it of the Dignity of a 
 Commonwealth, he confifcated the Goods of the 
 Inhabitants j and afterwards making it tributary, 
 he gave it, with all the neighbouring Countrey, 
 into the Hands of the Ferinthians. Entering the 
 City afterwards, and feeing the Inhabitants com- 
 ing to ijieet him, with Olive-branches in their 
 Hands begging Quarter, and excufing themfelves 
 for making fo long a Defence, he forbore the 
 Slaughter ; yet left the Ferinthians in the Poflef- 
 fion of the Town, allowing them neverthelefs a 
 Theatre, gave Orders for building them a Fortico 
 for Hunting, and a Hippodrofu, to which he ad- 
 join'd (ome Bagnio's J which he built near the Tem- 
 ple of Jupiter J who was called Zeuxippus. He 
 alfo rebuilt the Strategiwn -, and all the Works 
 
 C 2 that 
 
20 The Anticluities 
 
 that were begun by Sever us in his Life-time, were 
 finlfh'd by his Son Antoni?ius. 
 
 Chap. II. 
 Of the Extent of Old Byzantium. 
 
 THE prefent Inhabitants of Conjlantimfle 
 tell you, that Old Byzantium ftood within 
 the Compafs of the firft Hill in the Imperial Pre- 
 cindt, where the Grand Seignors Seraglio now 
 flands: but I am of Opinion, from what follows 
 it will appear, that it was of a larger Extent. 
 Our modern Writers defcribe its Situation thus j 
 that it began at the Wall of the Citadel, ftretch- 
 ed itfeif to the Tower of Eiigenius, and that it 
 rofe gradually up to the Strategium , the Bagnio 
 of Achilles^ and the Vrbicion. From thence ic 
 pafs'd on to the Chalcopratia, and the Miliar ium 
 Aureum^ where there was another Vrbicion of the 
 Byzantians : Thence it lengthen'd to the Pillars 
 of Zonarius^ from whence, after a gentle Defcent, 
 it winded round by the Mangance and the Bagnio s 
 oi ArcadiuSy up to xh^ Acropolis. I am inclina- 
 ble to credit all thefe Writers, excepting only E«- 
 Jiathius, who tells us, that the Athenians made 
 ufe of Byzantium^ a fmall City, to keep their 
 Treafure in. •'Qui ZofinuSy a more ancient Hiflo- 
 rian, defcribes Byzantiufn after this Manner : It 
 ivasfeated, fays he, on a Hill, which took up part 
 of the Ifthmus, and was bounded by a Bay called 
 Cheras, and the Propontis. At the End of the 
 
 Portico's 
 
^/Constantinople, ii 
 
 Portico's l^uilt by Severus the Emperor, it had a 
 Gate Jet up, upon his Reconciliation with the Inha- 
 bitants, for giving ProteSfion to Niger his Emmy. 
 I'he Wall of Byzantium extended itfelf from the 
 Eajiern Part of the City to the Temple of Ytnus, 
 and the Sea over-againft Chryfopolis: from the 
 North it defended to the Dock, and fo onward 
 to the Sea, which faces the ^\2ic\i^t2i, and through 
 which you fail into it. This, fays he, was the an- 
 cient Extent of the City J hxxx. Dionyfius, a more 
 ancient Writer than Zojimus, as appears by his 
 Account, which was written before its Deftrudtion 
 by Severus, tells us, that Byzantium contain'd in 
 Compafs at leaft forty Furlongs, which is a much 
 greater Extent than the preceding Writers report- 
 ed it. Herodian informs us, that Byzantium, in 
 the Time of Severus^ was the greateil City in all 
 Thrace. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Of the Rehtitldmg of Byzantium h'y Con- 
 ftantine the Great, and the Largenefs 
 of it m his Time, 
 
 IT is recorded by Zonaras, that Conflantine be- 
 ing inclinable to build a City, and to give it 
 his own Name , at firft pitch'd upon Sardicus a 
 Field Q)i Afa; afterwards, upon the Promontory 
 Sigeum , and laft of all upon Chalcedon and By^ 
 zantium^ for that Purpofe. Georgius Cedrinus is 
 
 ca of 
 
12 The Antiq^uities 
 
 of Opinion, that he firft pitch 'd upon ^'heffaloni- 
 ca^ and after he had lived there two Years, be- 
 ing wonderfully taken with theDeiirhtfulnefs of 
 the Place, he built the moft ri\2i'^i'^a'Ltv\xT^v:i- 
 ^\t?,^ Bagnio's 2indi AquedtiBs', but being interrupt- 
 ed in his great Deligns by the Piague which ra- 
 ged there, he was obliged to leave it, and p' ^ng 
 away for Chalcedon, (formerly ovtnhr'^wi. b) the 
 PerfiaJis^ but then upon rebuilding) lie v^as di- 
 red:ed by the Eagles frequently carrying the firall 
 Stones of the Workmen from thence to Byz^ui- 
 tium^ where Conjlant'mopk ought to be built. Zo- 
 naras is of the fame Opinion j and only differs as 
 to the Story of the Stones, and fays, that they were 
 fmall Ropes which they ufed in Building. But 
 this feems to be a Fable taken out of Dionyfws a 
 Byzantian Writer, who tells us, that Byzas had 
 been the Founder of Byzantnim, in a Place call'd 
 Semyjlra, feated at the Mouth of the Rivers Cy- 
 darus and Barbyjd, had not a Crow, by fnatch- 
 ing a Piece of the Sacrifice out of the Flames, and 
 carrying it to a Promontory of the Bofponis , di- 
 rected Byzas to found Byzantium in that Place. 
 But Coiijiantine does not feem to me to have been 
 fo overfighted as wxre the ancient Chalcedonians^ 
 for which they fland recorded in the Hiflories of 
 all Ages. Nay, 'tis diftinguifliable by any Man 
 of a tolerable Judgment, that Byzantium was a 
 much more commodious Situation for the Roma?i 
 Empire than that of Chalcedon. The far more 
 ancient Hillorians , among whom are Sozomen 
 of Salamis and Zofimusy who wrote in the Reign 
 oi Theodofius the Lefs^ judged more rationally on 
 this Occafion. They tell us, without taking any 
 
 Notice 
 
^Constantinople. 23 
 
 Notice of Sardica^ T^hefalonica or Chalcedon, tha^ 
 Conjlantine debating with himfelf, where he might 
 build a City, and call it by his own Name, equal 
 in Glory and Magnificence to that of Rome, had 
 found out a convenient Situation for thatPurpoie, 
 between old T'roy and the Hellefpont ; that he had 
 lay'd the Foundations, and raifed part of the Wall 
 to a coniiderable Height, which is to be feen at 
 this Day on the Promontory Sigeiim, which Plmy 
 C2.\h Aja?itiiwij becaufe the Sepulchre of j^Jax, 
 which was in that Place, hung over the Chops of 
 the Hellefpont: They tell you farther, that an- 
 ciently lome Ships were ftation'd there, and that 
 the Grecians, when at War with the Trojafis, 
 pitch'd their Tents in that Place : That Coriftan- 
 t'me afterwards came into an Opinion, that By- 
 zajitiiim was a properer Situation; that three hun- 
 dred and fixty two Years after the Reign ol Au^ 
 giijhis, he rebuilt, enlarged and fortified it with 
 great and flrong Walls, and by an Edi6t engra- 
 ven on a Stone Pillar, and publickly fix'd up in 
 the Strategium, near his own Equefiria?i Statue, 
 order'd it to be called Neva Ro?na Conjiantimpo- 
 lita?2a. Upon a Computation made, that the Na- 
 tives were not a fuflicient Number to people the 
 City, be built feveral fine Houfes in and about the 
 Forums, of which he made a Prefent to the Se- 
 nators and other Men of Quality, which he 
 brought with him from Rome and other Nations. 
 He built alfo feveral Forums, fome as an Ornament, 
 others for the Service of the City. The Hippo- 
 drom he beautify'd with Temples , Fountains, 
 Portico's, and a Senate-Houfe, and allov/'d its 
 Members equal Honours and Privileges with 
 
 C 4 thoie 
 
24 T?'^ Akticluities 
 
 thofe of Rome. He alfo built himfelf a Palace, 
 little inferior to the Royal one at Rome, In 
 fhort, he was fo ambitious to make it rival Rome 
 itfelf in all its Grandeur and Magt>ificence, that 
 at length, as Sozomen afTures us, it far furpaiTed 
 it, both in the Number of its Inhabitants, and its 
 Affluence of all Kinds. Eimapius a Sardian , 
 no mean Writer, nay though an Enemy to Co/i- 
 Jianti:i<\ defcribes the vaft Extent of Conjiajitmo- 
 />/(?, in thefe Words : ConfiantinopU^ fays he, for^ 
 merly called Byzantium, allow' d the ancient Atht- 
 nians a Liberty of importing Corn in great ^lan- 
 titles ; but at prejent not all the Ships of Burthen 
 from iEgypt, Afia, Syria, Phoenicia, a7id many o- 
 ther Nations^ can import a ^antity fufficient for 
 the Support of thofe People^ whom Conftantine, by 
 unpeopling other Cities^ has tranfported thither, Zo- 
 fimus alfo, though otherwife no very good Friend 
 to Conjlantine on the fcore of his Religion, yet 
 frankly owns, that he wonderfully enlarged it ; 
 and that the IJihmus was enclofed by a Wall from 
 Sea to Sea, to the Diftance of fifteen Furlongs 
 beyond the Walls of old Byzantium. But to what 
 Extent foever Conjlantine might enlarge its Bounds, 
 yet the Emperors who fucceeded him have ex- 
 tended them farther, and have enclofed the City 
 with much wider Walls than thofe built by Cof7~ 
 pantine, and permitted them to build fo clofely 
 one Houfe to another, and that even in their Mar- 
 ket Places, that they could not walk the Streets 
 without Danger, they were fo crowded with Men 
 and Cattle. Upon this Account it was, that a great 
 part of the Sea which runs round the City was in 
 fome Places dry'd up, where by fixing Ports in a 
 
 circular 
 
^/Constantinople. 2y 
 
 circular Manner, and building Houfes upon them, 
 they made their City large enough for the Rece- 
 ption of an infinite Multitude of People. Thus 
 does Zofunus exprefs himfelf as to the vaft Extent 
 of this City, as it Hood in the Time either of Ar^ 
 cadius or uheodofius. Agathiiis fays, that in the 
 Time of Juftijiian the Buildings were fo clofe and 
 crowded together, that it was very difficult to fee 
 the Sky by looking through the Tops of them. 
 The large Compafs of this City before yuftinian\ 
 Time, we may in fome meafure collect from an 
 ancient Defcription of the City, by an unknown 
 but feemingly a very faithful Writer. He affures 
 us, that the Length of the City from the Porta 
 Aurea to the Sea Shore in a dired: Line, was four- 
 teen thoufand and feventy five Feet, and that it 
 was fix thoufand one hundred and fifty Feet in 
 Breadth. And yet we cannot collect plainly from 
 ProcopiuSj that in the Reign of Jujiinian the Bla-- 
 chernce were enclofed within the Walls, although 
 before his Time the City was enlarged by T^heodo- 
 Jius the Lefs, who as Zoiiaras and others write, 
 gave Orders to Cyrus the Governour of the City 
 for that Purpofe. This Man, with great Dili- 
 gence and wonderful Difpatch, built a Wall over 
 the Continent from Sea to Sea, in fixty Days. 
 The Inhabitants aftonifh'd thatfo immenfea Work 
 fiiould be finifh'd in fo fmall a Time, cry'd out 
 in a publick manner in the Theatre, in the Pre- 
 fence , of T^heodofius the Emperor , Conjlantine 
 built this City^ but Cyrus rebuilt it. This drew 
 on him the Envy of his Prince, and render 'd him 
 fufpedtedj fo that being fhaved by the Command 
 oiT^heodoJiiis^ againft his Inclinations, he was con- 
 
 flituted 
 
i6 The Anticluities 
 
 ftltuted Bifhop of S>myrna. The following In- 
 fcriptions made to Conjlantinus^ and carv'd over 
 the Gate of Xylocerum and Rhegium, take Notice 
 of him in thefe Verfes. 
 
 Over the Gate of Xylocerum (Xylocercum or Xy^ 
 
 locricum) in Byzantium^ thus: 
 
 T:hefe Walls by Theodofms' Royal Will, 
 And Conftantinus RrefeB of the Eaji, 
 Infixty Days, furpriziizg Speed I were built. 
 
 Over the Gate of Rhcgium is this Infcription : 
 
 Great Conftantinus, RrefeB of the Ea/i, 
 In Jixty Days this fat ely Building fifiifi'd. 
 
 The Reafon why Conjlantine order'd Byzantium 
 to be call'd New Rome, or ^.een of the Roman 
 Empire, is mention 'd by Sozomen and others; 
 namely, that God appear'd by Night to Confan- 
 tine, and advifed him to build a City at Byzan^ 
 tium worthy his own Name. Some fay, that as 
 'Julius Ccefar, upon a Plot form'd againft him, 
 judg'd it necelTary to remove to Alexandria or 
 'Troy, llripping Italy at the fame time of every 
 thing that was valuable, and carrying off all the 
 Riches of the Roman Empire, leaving the Admi- 
 niftration in the Hands of his Friends j fo it is 
 faid of Confantine, that perceiving himfelf to be 
 obnoxious to the People of Rome, having drain'd 
 the City of all its Wealth, went over at firft to 
 Troy, and afterwards to Byzantium. Zofmus, an 
 implacable Enemy to the Chriflian Name, al- 
 ledges an execrable Piece of Villany, as the Caule 
 of his Removal. Confantine, fays he, when he 
 had murder d Crifpus, and had been guilty of other 
 
 fagrant 
 
^/'Constantinople. 17 
 
 fagrant Crimes^ defirijig of thePrkfts an Expia- 
 tion for them^ their Anfwer waSy That his Offences 
 ivere fo mam and enormous^ that they knew not 
 'which way to atone for them ; telling him at the 
 fame time^ that there was a certain ^Egyptian who 
 came from Spain to Rome ; who^ if he had an Op- 
 portunity of fpeaking to him, could procure him an 
 Expiaiiony if he would efablijh in his Do?ninio7is 
 this Belief of the Chriftians, namely, That Men of 
 the jncji profigate Lives, immediately upon their 
 Repentance^ obtain d Kemiffion of ^ ins. Conftan- 
 tine readily clofed with this Offer, and his Sim 
 were pardon d. At the Approach of the Feftival^ 
 on which it was iifual with him and his Ar?ny to go 
 up to the Capitol, to perfon?i the cuftomary Rites 
 of their Religion j Conflantine fearful to be pre- 
 fent at that Sole?miity, as bei?ig warnd to the con- 
 trary by a Dream, which was fent him fro??i the 
 iEgyptian, and not attending the holy Sacrifice, 
 highly difgufled the Senate, and the whole Body of 
 the People of Rome. But unable to bear the Curjes 
 and Scandal they threw upon him on that Account, 
 he we?2t in Search offome Place or other equally fa^ 
 mens with Rome, where he might build him a Pa- 
 lace, and which he might make the Seat of the Ro- 
 man Empire, and that at laft he had difcovered a 
 Place between Troas and Old Ilium, fit for that 
 Purpofe; and that there he built him a Palace, 
 laid the Foundations of a City, and raifed part of 
 a Wall for its Defence : But that afterwards dtf 
 approving the Situatio?2, he left his Works unfi- 
 nifh'd, and fettled at Byz2innun\-j and being won- 
 derfully taken with the Agreeablenefs of the Place, 
 he judged it in all rejpe£ls to be very commodious 
 
 for 
 
28 The Antiq^uities 
 
 for an Imperial Seat. Thus far Zojlmm^ a great 
 Favourite of Julian the Apoflate, and an invete- 
 rate Enemy to Conjlantine on the account of his 
 Religion ; to whofe Sentiments I have fo perfed: 
 an Averfion, that I cannot give the leail Credit to 
 thofeEnormities he charges him with,and of which 
 he had the greateft Abhorrence, as being a Prince of 
 remarkable Clemency and Goodnefs, which I am 
 capable of proving abundantly, but that it would 
 prove too great a Digreffion in the prefent Hifto- 
 ry. The Truth of it is, that Sozomen and Eva- 
 grius both have fufficiently refuted thefe malicious 
 Reflections. In thefe Calumnies, I fay, I entire- 
 ly differ from Zojimus, yet in his Defcription of 
 the Extent, and Compafs of the City, I am whol- 
 ly in his Opinion ; who, though an Enemy to 
 Conjlantine^ yet is forced to acknowledge him to 
 have built fo large, fo noble, fo magnificent a 
 City. I am the more induced to give Credit to 
 his Hiftory in this Refped, becaufe he lived ma- 
 ny Ages nearer to the Time of Conjlantine than 
 our modern Monks, who, in the Books they have 
 written of Conftantinople, give the following Ac- 
 count of it ; namely, that Conjlantine built a Wall 
 from the Tower of Eiigenius (which was the 
 Boundary of old Byzantium) to St. Anthonf% 
 Church, and the Church of the Blejfed Virgin^ 
 call'd Rabdon, quite up to the Exacionion ; and 
 that at a Mile's Diftance, it pafled on to the old 
 Gates of the Church oiSi. John the Baptijl, ftretch^ 
 ing itfelf farther to the Ciftern of Bonus, froni 
 whence it extended itfelf to the Armation, and 
 fo winded round to St. Anthony ?, Church ag^-in. I 
 fhould give my felf the Trouble to examine this 
 
 Account, 
 
of Constantinople. 29 
 
 Account, but that I know the Authors are fo fa- 
 bulous, that they are no ^ays to be depended up- 
 on. But this I'look upon to be an intolerable 
 Blunder, that they place the Church of St. John 
 Baptijl within the Walls built by Conftantine^ 
 whereas for many Years after his Death it con- 
 tinued without the City : Of which, and many o- 
 ther Errors, I fhall take Notice in the follow- 
 ing Hiftory. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 Of the prefent Figure^ Compafs^ Length 
 and Breadth of Conftantinople. 
 
 TH E Figure of Coitfiantinople is triangular, 
 the Bafe of which is that Part of it which 
 lies Weftward : The top Angle points to the Eaflr, 
 where the Peninjula begins. But both the Sides 
 of this Triangle are not equal; for that Side 
 which lies weftward winds round the Angle of 
 the Bay in the Figure of a Half-Moon. At a 
 great Diftance from thence, it winds about again 
 from North to South. But the South Side of this 
 Triangle veers about to fuch a Breadth, that if 
 you {hould draw a ftrait Line from one Angle of 
 it to the other, it w^ould cut off a Creek, which, 
 in the Middle of it, is at leaft a quarter of a Mile 
 over. But that Side which faces the North, and 
 is call'd Ceras^ the Bay or Horn, fhould you draw 
 a ftrait Line over it from one Angle to another, 
 it would cut off not only the whole Bay, but al- 
 
 fo 
 
3 cr The A n t i q^u i t i e s 
 
 fo a part of Gahta. For this Side infleds inwards 
 in fuch a manner, that from each Point it circu- 
 lates in tiie Form of a Bow, having two fmaller 
 Windings of the fame Figure in the Middle of it, 
 but lies inwardly into the Continent fo far, that 
 the two Horns or Ends of the Bow, which in- 
 cludes them, no ways intercept the Profpedl of 
 the Angles of the larger Arch. 'Tis upon this 
 Account that Conjlantinopk may rather feem to be 
 of a tiiarcular, than a triangular Figure. For 
 right Angles never projed: beyond their Sides, nor 
 do they iniied: inwards. But all femicircular Fi- 
 gures are in a manner both convex and concave 
 alfo. So that if thefe three Angles, fo far as they 
 projed: beyond the main Body of the City, were 
 divided from it, Confla7itinople wou\d form a fquare 
 oblong Figure, little more than a Mile broad, and 
 almofl three times as long. But be that as it will, 
 all are of Opinion, that this City ought to be 
 look'd upon to be of a triangular Figure, becaufe 
 it has three Sides ; one of which that faces the 
 Propontis^ and the other on the fide of the T'hra- 
 cian Continent, are of an equal Length ; the third, 
 adjoining to the Bay, is about a Mile fhorter than 
 the other two. This City is computed to be near 
 thirteen Miles in Compafs, although Laofiicus 
 Chakondylus^ in his Hiftory of the Ottomans^ af- 
 fures us, that Confiantinople contain'd in Compafs 
 an hundred and eleven Furlongs; the Length of 
 it, extending itfelf over the Promontory v/ith fix 
 Hills, is no more than thirty Furlongs; but if the 
 Figure of it was an equilateral Triangle, it would 
 not be much above nine Miles in Circumference i 
 and could we fuppofe its hilly Situation to be wi- 
 
 den'd 
 
^/Constantinople. 31 
 
 den'd Into one large Plain, yet then it would not 
 be fo large in Compafs as the Inhabitants gene- 
 rally reckon it, viz. eighteen Miles. It is obfer- 
 vable, that Conflmitinople does not contain more 
 Bays of Building, as it is fituate upon Hills, than 
 it would if it were built upon a Plain ; becaule 
 you cannot fo conveniently build upon a Decli- 
 vity, as you can upon a Level. Nor does the 
 Reafon equally hold good, as to the Number of 
 its Houfes, and tne Number of its Inhabitants. 
 For Coiiftantinople can contain more Men as it is 
 feated upon Hills, than it could if it were feated 
 on a Plain. The Breadth of this City varies in 
 feveral Places. From the Eaft to the Middle of 
 it, 'tis at leaft a Mile in Breadth, but in no Place 
 broader than a Mile and a half. It divides itlelf 
 afterwards into two Branches, where 'tis almoft as 
 broad as 'tis long. I can compare it, as to its Fi- 
 gure, to nothing more properly than to an Eagle 
 ftretching out his Wings, and looking obliquely 
 to the left, upon whofe Beak Hands the firfl; Hill^ 
 where is the Grand Seignors Palace. In his Eye 
 ftands the Church of St. Sophia ; on the lower 
 part of the Head is the Hippodrom ; upon his 
 Neck are the fecond and third Hills, and the re- 
 maining part of the City fill up his Wings, and 
 his whole Body. 
 
 Chap. 
 
31 TT^e Antiquities 
 
 Chap. V. 
 A general Defcript'ton of Conftantinople. 
 
 CONSTANTINOPLE takcs up In Compafs the 
 whole Feninjula^ which contains feven Hills, 
 of which the eaflern Angle of the City includes 
 one, having its Rife at the Promontory, which 
 Tliny calls Chryfoceras^ and Dwiyfius a Byzantian^ 
 Bofporiiim. The firft Hill is divided from the 
 fecond by a broad Valley ; the Promontory oiBof- 
 forium contains the other fix, extending itfelf from 
 the Entrance of the Peninlula on the Eall, full 
 Weft with a continued Ridge, but fomewhat con- 
 vex'd, and hangs over the Bay. Six Hills and 
 five Valleys fhoot from the right Side of it, and 
 'tis divided only by the third and fifth Valleys on 
 the left Side of ir, which is all upon the Defcent, 
 and has only fome fmall Hills and Vales, which 
 are more fteep than the Hills themfelves. It has 
 alfo two Windings which take their Rife from the 
 Top of the firft Hill, from whence it afcends by 
 Degrees almoft to another Winding, which be- 
 gins from the Top of the third Hill, where fink- 
 ing into a gentle Defcent, it admits the Valley, 
 which lies between the third and the fourth Hill. 
 From thence it rifes again with a moderate M- 
 cent, and continues upon a Level weft ward al- 
 moft to the Urbicion, where it rifes again. The 
 Plains adjoining to the Promontory differ as to 
 their Level. Thofe that divide the Promontory 
 
 at 
 
^/Constantinople. 33 
 
 . at the Top, and thofe at the Foot of it, are very 
 uneven in many Places. The Plain at the Top 
 of the firfl Hill is feven hundred Paces in Length, 
 and two hundred in Breadth. Shooting hence, 
 it rifes almoft infenfibly to the Top of the fecond 
 Hill, where 'tis five hundred Paces in Breadth, 
 and is all upon the Defcent to the Top of that 
 Hill, where the fecond Valley, which is alfofliel- 
 ving and very narrow, takes its Rife. On the 
 third Hill the Plain is above fix hundred Paces in 
 Breadth, but fomewhat more upon the Level at 
 the Entrance of the third Valley, which is fix 
 hundred Paces broad. From hence you rife by a 
 gentle Afcent to the Plain on the Top of the fourth 
 Hill, which is not above two hundred Paces wide. 
 On the fifth Hill it dilates itfelf to the Breadth of 
 feven hundred Paces. On the Hill, from whence 
 the fifth Valley takes its Rife, 'tis more narrow -, 
 and on the fixth Hill 'tis a little upon the Afcent 
 again. As to the Plain, which extends itfelf be- 
 tween the Sea and the Bottom of the Promcnfory, 
 that alfo is not fo even in fome Places as it is in 
 others ; for it is narrower under the Hills, in the 
 Vales 'tis half as wide again. For winding it- 
 felf from the Promontory, v^^here it begins, over 
 three Valleys, it is widen'd at that Diftance into 
 the Breadth of a thoufand Paces, though at the 
 Foot of the Hills it is not above an Acre, or a 
 hundred and twenty Foot in Breadth, except at 
 the Bottom of the third and fifth Hills, where 'tis 
 very narrow, but extends itfelf over the fourth 
 Valley both in Length and Breadth to a great De- 
 gree. At the Foot of the fixth Hill it contradts 
 itfelf again, except at the Foot of two lefiTer Hills, 
 
 D fituated 
 
34 ^^ Antiq^uities 
 
 fituated behind the firft and fecond Hills -, one of 
 which projects almoft to the Sea, the other is at 
 no great Diflance from it. But to defcribe Ccn- 
 Jiantinople in a more eafy and comprehenfive Man- 
 ner, I will give the Reader a particular Account 
 of all its Hills and Vales, which indeed make a 
 very lovely and agreeable Profpecft. For the fix 
 Hills which flioot from the Promontory, (and 
 which for their Likenefs you might call Brothers) 
 fland in fo regular an Order, that neither of them 
 intercepts the Profpedt of the other j fo that as 
 you fail up the Bay, you fee them all hanging 
 over it in fuch a manner, that quite round the 
 City you fee before you both Sides of every one 
 of them. The firll: of thefe Hills jets out to the 
 Eaft, and bounds the Bay; the fecond and third 
 lie more inward to the South ; the others lie more 
 open to the North, fo that at one View you have 
 a full Profped: of them. The firfl: lies lower than 
 the fecond ; the fecond than the third ; the fourth, 
 fifth and fixth arc in fome Places higher, in 
 others fomewhat lower than the third, which you 
 nir.y difcover by the Level of the Aquedudt. That 
 the firfl Hill is lower than the third and fourth, 
 may be difcover'd by the Tower which fupports 
 the Aquedudl, by which the Water is raifed into 
 the Air above fifty Foot high. To make this 
 more intelligible, I will divide the City, as to the 
 Length of it, from the Land's Point on the Shore 
 of the Bofpori'.s, to the Walls on the Neck of the 
 Iflhmiis, and confider the Breadth of it, as it wi- 
 dens from the Propontis to the Bay called Ceras, 
 The Reafon why I divide -he City, as to its 
 Breadth, into fix Parts, is the natural Situation of 
 
 the 
 
^/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L F. 35 
 
 the Promontory^ which itfelf is divided into fix 
 Hills, with Valleys running between them. It 
 was no great Difficulty to diftinguifh the Roman 
 Hills, becaule they were entirely disjoin'd by Val- 
 leys ; but 'tis not fo ealy to diftinguifh thofe of 
 Conjlantinople^ becaufe they are conjoin'd at Top ; 
 and belides, the Backs of them do not projed: in 
 fo mountainous a manner as they do in the Front; 
 fo that I cannot better defcribe them, than by 
 calling them a continued Ridge of Hills, divided 
 each of them.with Valleys. And therefore to pro- 
 ceed regularly, I fiiall firft give the Reader a De- 
 fcription of the right Side of the Promontory^ 
 with its Hills and Vales, and then take Notice 
 of the left Side of it, which ftands behind them. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the Situation of all the Parts of the 
 City dcfcytb'd, 
 
 ^T^HE firft Part of the Breadth of the Pro- 
 \ montory is the Front of it, which opening 
 to the Diftance of a thoufand Paces Eaftwards 
 adjoins to the Chaps of the Bofporus. For this 
 Sea winds round the Back of the Promontory in 
 fuch a Manner, that from the Point where the 
 Bojporus is divided, to the Bay called Ceras^ and 
 the Land's Point of that Sea, it extends itfelf from 
 North to South to the Diftance of fourteen Fur- 
 longs ; and from thence to a farther Diftance of 
 four Furlongs, it winds round from the South-eaft 
 
 D 2 to 
 
3 6 The A N T I Q^U I T I F s 
 
 to the South- South- weft, even to the Mouth of the 
 Propontis^ which joining with iht Bofporus, winds 
 round the City to South-weft, to the Diftance of 
 two Miles more. This Side of the Hill is bound- 
 ed at the Bottom of it with a Plain of the fame 
 Breadth with itfelf, which is two hundred Paces. 
 There rife upon the Plain fome lefter Hills, which 
 are not above four hundred Paces in Height. 
 On the Top of the left Side of thefe Hills ftands 
 the Hippodrom; on the right Side, which faces the 
 South-weft, is the Palace of the Grand Seignor. 
 I might not improperly call it the Front of the 
 Promontory, as being almoft of an equal Afcent in 
 all its Parts, having a Plain running along it, of 
 an equal Length with itfelf; belides, it adjoins 
 to the firft Hill : I fay, for thefe Reafons I might 
 call it a part of the firft Hill; but to underftand 
 it more diftind:ly, I ft] all treat of it by itfelf. 
 
 Chap. Vil. 
 Of the firft Hul, of the Palace of the 
 Gran fl S'dgvtOi'j of the Church of St. 
 Sophia , a?id the H i p pod r o its . 
 
 THE firft Hill, extending itfelf from the 
 • South-eaft to the South-weft, opens at the 
 Entrance of it to the Breadth of thirty Paces; 
 from thence it widens gradually, and fo on, till 
 at laft 'tis almoft as broad as 'tis long. It rifes at 
 the Nook of the IJlhmuSy which joins the Penin- 
 Jula to the Continent. It projeds itfelf in the 
 2 Form 
 
^/Constantinople. 37 
 
 Form of a Cymetar, or a Hawk's Beak, and al- 
 moil divides the Straits of the Bofporus, and the 
 Bay called Ceras. The whole Hill projects be- 
 yond the others almoft to the Mouth of the Bay. 
 'Tis all upon a Defcent, except the Top of it, 
 where there's a Plain which joins to the Plain of 
 the Fromonton. The leller Eminences which 
 ftand upon it, and which face the Eafl and the 
 North, have a moderate Defcent, others of them 
 are more fteep, fo that in fome Places you are ob- 
 liged to climb them by Steps, but the talleft of 
 them is not above four hundred Paces high. The 
 Plain, at the Foot of this Hill, is very different. 
 The Eailern Part of it is much widen 'd by the Sea 
 Shore, V/hich jets out in a femicircular Manner. 
 The Breadth of the South-eail and northern Part 
 of it is encreafed by the Valley, which divides the 
 firft from the fecond Hill. The Plain on the Top 
 of the Hill is about i^v^n hundred Paces in Length. 
 This Hill is not only fortified by Nature, as being 
 encompaffed on the Eail by the Bofporus, on the 
 North by the Bay of Ceras^ and on the Weft by a 
 cool Valley j but 'tis alfo inclofed within the Walls 
 of the Seraglio, which are guarded vv^ith number- 
 lefs Ramparts and Towers, VN/hich are equal in 
 Strength to the Walls of tne City. Towards the 
 Foot of the Hill, and the Plain near the Sea, lie 
 the Gardens of the Grand Seigncr, The Impe- 
 rial Palace, which is partly iituate on the Top of 
 the Hill, and partly on the Eminences below if, 
 affords almoil an unmeafurable Profpect, both by 
 Sea and Land. In this Plain there are two Impe- 
 rial Areas or Courts ; the nrfl of thefe Courts is 
 feven hundred Paces long, and two hundred 
 
 D 3 broad. 
 
38 The Antiq^uities 
 
 broad. You pafs through this into another inner 
 Court, which is a Quadrangle two hundred Paces 
 long, and has round it a magnificent Portico^ fup- 
 ported with a Multitude of line Marble Pillars 
 curioufly variegated. In the Middle of the Court 
 there's a fine fhady Walk of Pla?ie and Cyp?'efs~ 
 'Trees (ov the Lawyers, and in the North Angle of 
 the City is the Forum Judiciale^ whicii the Otto- 
 mans call their Divan. On the South-eaft Side 
 of a large Court Hands the magnificent and late- 
 ly Palace of the Gra?id Seignor^ on the North Side 
 of which are built many Imperial Bagtiio's^ and 
 Kitchens with eight arch'd Roofs, rifing like a 
 Cupola, in an hemifpherical rvianner ; each of thefe 
 Cupola's reprefenting the Figure of a little Houfe, 
 is nothing elfe but a Chimney with Windows, 
 light at Top, made in the Likenefs of a Lantern. 
 There is a two-leav'd Iron Gate which lets you 
 into the firft Court, the Leaves of it, when open- 
 ed, ftand at twenty Paces Diftance. The Porters 
 or Capoochees fland always upon Duty at thefe 
 Gates. Juft above them the Hill rifes up to a 
 imooth Level with the Ridge of the Frojno?itory. 
 The Porch or Gate-houfe is lined on each Side 
 with glittering Armour, and Ihines, as do alio the 
 the Jambs of the Gate with rich Marble. Over 
 the Porch there rifes a fquare Building cover'd 
 with Lead, as are all the other Edifices of the Pa- 
 lace. There's a Paflage out of the firft Court 
 through another two-leav'd Gate into the fecond 
 inner Court* This is the Station of the Drudg- 
 ing; Porters. The Gate-houfe here alfo blazes 
 with refulgent Arms. This Gate, without fide 
 of it, has nothing like a Porch, though within 
 
 fide 
 
^Constantinople. 39 
 
 fide it has. 'Tis fupported with ten Pillars of 
 different Kinds of Marble^; the Roof of it proud- 
 ly glitters with Gold, and is beautify 'd with the 
 moil rich and lively Colours of Terfimi Work. 
 At the third Gate, where the Entrance opens in- 
 to xhtSe-rcgliOy there are other Porters or Capoochees 
 attending. Thefe are under the Command of the 
 Capoochee-Bafiay or Captain of the Porters, who is 
 alfo Chamberlain to the Grand Seignor. No body 
 is fuffer'd to enter the Palace without his Permif- 
 fion, but the Servants and Officers of the Houf- 
 hold, uniefs it be his Noblemen, who while he is 
 fitting near the Door of the Seraglio^ may freely 
 enter to pay their Homage to him. All Ambaf- 
 fadors, when introduced into his Prefence, are 
 allow'd to kifs his Hand, who receives them fit- 
 ting upon a low Couch, but curioully embroi- 
 der'd, in a little Apartment built Vv^ith Marble, 
 adorn'd with Gold and Silver, and fparkling with 
 Diamonds and precious Stones. This Room of 
 State is incircled with a Tortico^ v/hich is fi pport- 
 ed with Pillars of the finefl Marble, the Capitals 
 and Pedeftals of which are all gilded. Befides 
 thefe I have mention'd, there are many other 
 Gates round the Seraglio^ through which none 
 are admitted, but fuch as are in the higheft Fa- 
 vour with the Emperour. If I miflake not, I 
 counted twelve, which were all Iron-work j fe- 
 ven of them were near the City ; two of them, 
 through which they carried their Hay to the-AS^- 
 ragUo, were near the Sea ; on the Sea Side there 
 were five more : The firfi: of thefe ilands to the 
 North of the Seraglio^ towards the Bay 3 the fe- 
 cond ftands upon the Ridge of a Hill: 'Tis very 
 
 D 4 largCj 
 
40 ^he Antiquities 
 
 large, has a Porch with an arch'd Roof before It, 
 is gilded, and adorn'd in a ilirprizing manner with 
 Pd-r/-"^;? Paintings, fupported with Pillars oiOphi- 
 tick Marble, and looks into the Bofporus. At^ 
 fome Diftance Eaflward tliereis another Gate fa- 
 cing Ch alee 3.071. Juft before it the Veflels are 
 moor'd, in which the Grand Seignor fails to fome 
 diflant Shore, when he goes a hunting, or is in- 
 clined to divert himfelf in his Gardens. The 
 fourth Gate flands South-eaft near the Ruins of a 
 Ch?'ifiian Church, fome Tokens of which are ftill 
 remaining in a Wall, to which the Greeks to this 
 Day, by their frequent Vilits, continue to pay a 
 kind of devotional PvCverence. Beyond this there 
 is a fifth Port or Gate, where is built a Room, 
 though it is only rafter'd, whence you may have 
 the Diverfion of feeing the Fifh catch 'dj as it is 
 alfo a kind of Repofitory, where the Grand Seig- 
 nor' s Fiihermen lay up their Tackle. I would ob- 
 ferve by the By, that though all the Hills of Cofi- 
 jiantimple afford a very pleafing Profpe6t , yet 
 there is none which entertains you with fuch pe- 
 culiar Delectation as the firflHill, where the<S2<'/- 
 tan lives in a licentious and luxurious manner. 
 He has before him, whether he is walking in his 
 Gardens, or in his Chambers of the Seraglio^ a 
 full View of the Bofporus and both its ohores, 
 which are green, and flourifliing with Woods be- 
 longing to the neighbouring Farms, On the right 
 Hand he beholds a fpacious Field oi Chalcedony 
 cover'd with his own Gardens ; he fees the Pro- 
 pontisj Illands without Number, and the woody 
 Mountains of ^/t"^. If he looks at an immenfe 
 Diftance, behind him he beholds the Olympus al- 
 ways 
 
<?/ Constantinople. 41 
 
 ways cloath'd m Snow. If he takes a fliorter Pro- 
 fped, he views before him theWonders of his own 
 City, the Church of St. Sophia and iheHippodrom. If 
 he cafts his Eyes to the left Hand, he beholds the 
 feven Hills on which the City is feated, and more 
 remotely, he looks round the unmeafurable fpa- 
 cious Fields of T'hracia. If he extends his Pro- 
 fped: over the Seas, he views a moving Scene of 
 Ships paffing and repairing before himj fome failing 
 from the Hellefpont, or the Black Sea, others a- 
 gain coming into his Port from all the Coafts of 
 the Propontis, while other VeiTels at the fame 
 time are failing up and down the Bay of Ceras, 
 where there are alfo abundance of Wherries and 
 fmall Boats always oaring from Side to Side. And 
 if he looks below him, he has the agreeable Plea- 
 fure of beholding the three Sides of the firft Hill, 
 dreifed with Trees, Flowers and Plants of all 
 Kinds. But he has not only a fine Profped: from 
 the Palace, but is entertain'd with feveral delight- 
 ful Fifto's from the Top of the Gardens rifing on 
 the Hills. If he has an Inclination to take a View 
 of his Seraglio, from that Point of Land which pro- 
 je6ls fo far into the Sea, and which, as I obferv'd, 
 divided the Bofporiis , here he beholds it in all 
 its Glory, ftrengthen'd with large Pillars of Mar- 
 ble, and fann'd with gentle refrefhing Breezes, 
 where he often fits with fmall Ofier Lattices be- 
 fore him; fo that, like another Gyges, he dif- 
 cerns-all than fail near him, though hehimfelf is 
 vifible to none : And if at any time he is weary 
 of the Company of his Domefticks, he can divert 
 himfelf with the ridiculous Drollery of the Vv^a- 
 termen, when fixing their Oars and Boat-poles to 
 ^ the 
 
41 The A>JTicLurTiFs 
 
 the Shore, they tug againft the vigjent Stream of 
 the BofporuSy which is much more rapid than the 
 Rhone. Without the Seraglio ftands the Church 
 of St. Sophia^ which is about fevency Paces diflant 
 from the Gate of the firfl Court. 'Tis fituate Cii 
 the Brow of the firft Hill, upon an Eminence 
 that hangs over the Garden of the firft Valley : 
 From thence you afcend by Stone Steps to the 
 Gate of the Seraglio, and the Church of St. 6"^- 
 phia, which from the South-eaft falls with foea- 
 fy a Defcent, that it almoil imperceptibly termi- 
 nates on a Plain both above and below it. In 
 fhorr, all the Defcents from the Imperial Palace 
 to the Hippodrom, are moderate and gentle. South- 
 weft of the Church of St. Sophia^ a Plain exiends 
 itfelf to the End of the HippodrotJt, which is above 
 feven hundred Paces long. The Hippodrorn is 
 more than two Furlongs in Length, and one Fur- 
 long in Breadth. It ftands upon a perfect Level 3 
 but this is more to be afcribed to Induflry, than 
 its natural Situation. The Middle Part of it, 
 ftretching as far as the Propontis, on three Sides 
 of it, is a flielving Ground. On the Eafh it falls 
 with a fmall Declivity, on the Weft 'tis more up- 
 on the Defcent, on the Side oi i\iQ Propontis \\^ 
 directly perpendicular to the Depth, more or lefs, 
 of fifty Foot. The whole Front of the Hippo- 
 drorn is built upon Arches, (which makes it ftand 
 upon a Level) and entertains the Spedtator with 
 a very delegable Proipedt of the Propofitis, fo that 
 you may not only fee Men failing to and fro be- 
 fore you, but may alfo fee the Dolphins frequent- 
 ly tumbling about the Waters. The Steps on the 
 North Side of the Hippodrorn, which remained 
 
 there 
 
^/Constantinople. 43 
 
 there but a few Years fince, were demollfhed by 
 Abraham the Baffa^ and were ufed in building his 
 own Houfe. Between ihtHippodrom andthePro- 
 pontis there ftretches a Plain, which widens to the 
 Breadth of four hundred Paces, where the Churches 
 of Bacchus and Sergius anciently flood; of both 
 which I fhall take Notice in the following Hifto- 
 ry. Below the Hippodrom, to the S6uth, is the 
 Gate call'd Porta heonis^ which is iituate without 
 the City, upon the Ruins of the Palace o^Leo Ma- 
 celliiS\ the Windows of which, of antique Work- 
 manfliip, are ftill remaining in the Walls. The 
 Palace was built upon a Hill adjoining to the Sea, 
 which was about a hundred Paces high. 
 
 C II A P. Vlil. 
 
 Of the firji Falley, 
 
 FROM the uppermoft Plain of the Promon- 
 tory, on which, as I obferved, flood the 
 Church of St. Sophia and the Hippodrom^ by an ea- 
 fy Afcent of a thoufand Paces, you climb the Ridge 
 of the fecond Hill up to the Porphyry Pillar, e- 
 re<fled on the Top of the fecond Hill, which is 
 bounded on the. Eafl by the firfl Valley, which 
 divides the firfl from the fecond Hill. It rifes at 
 the Plain of St. Sophia, and extends itfelf from 
 South to North. This Valley reprefents exa(5lly 
 the Figure of the Letter V ; one of whofe Sides 
 extends itfelf full Eafl, the other North. Thro' 
 the Middle of it runs the Wall, which divides the 
 
 Grand 
 
44 '^^^ Antiq^uitif.s 
 
 Grand Scignor's Palace from the reft of the City. 
 The lowermoft Plain of the Promo?itory extends 
 itfelf in Length and Breadth fo far into this Val- 
 ley, that from the Bay to the Church of St. So- 
 phiaj you may walk a thoufand Paces almoft up- 
 on the Level, From the Entrance of it on the 
 Sea Side, 'tis all a plain Ground to the Length of 
 five hundred Paces j afterwards winding itfelf in- 
 to this Vale, it rifes with a fmall Afcenr, which is 
 more eafily perceivable by a gentle Fall of the 
 Water, than by the Eye or Foot. At the Begin- 
 ning of it 'tis fomewhat wide, afterwards 'tis nar- 
 rower, and at the End of it 'tis ftraighten'd into 
 two leffer Valleys j one of which, near to the 
 Church of St. Sophia^ is four hundred Paces long. 
 It rifes gradually, and is fo very narrow, that the 
 publick Way takes up the whole Breadth of it. 
 
 C II A ?. IX. 
 
 Of the fecond H'llL 
 
 '"'^T^ H E Ridge of the Tromontory rifing a little 
 \_ higher, and the two Valleys adjoining to 
 it, make the fecond Kill. The firft Valley di- 
 vides, at Eaft, the firft from the fecond Hill j the 
 other Valley, Weftward, divides the fecond from 
 the third. On the North 'tis bounded by a Plain 
 on the Sea Shore. The Ridge of the Tromontory 
 extends from South to North to the Diftance of 
 one thoufand Paces in Length, and four hundred 
 in Breadth. The different Breadth of the Vales 
 
 varies 
 
o/ Constantinople. 45 
 
 varies the Breadth of the whole Hill. For where 
 the Valleys which bound the Sides of it at the 
 Top are more contraded, the Hill widens, and 
 at the Foot of the Hill, where they are much wi- 
 der, the Hill is lefs. The lelTer Hills which fland 
 upon it, extend its Length, two of which hang 
 over the Bay. Its Height varies according to the 
 different Height of the three Clifts, or fmall Hills 
 which rife upon it. For the Clift lying to the 
 South-eafl, rifes moderately, from the lowefl 
 part of the Valley to the Top of the Hill, to the 
 Height of about a thoufand Paces ; afterwards, as 
 the Valley widens, it grows lefs, and is rendered 
 more fleep by two fmall Valleys (branching out 
 of the great Valley) which indeed are fomewhat 
 upon the Defcenr, but not above a hundred Paces 
 high. The different Heights of the Clifts which 
 hang over the Bay, may be beft difcover'd by 
 confidering the different Heights of the five piib- 
 lick Ways^ which reach from the Ridge to the 
 Foot of the Hill. Thefirfl of thefeVvavs rifes to 
 the Height of five hundred Paces, two hun- 
 dred of which from the Foot of the Hill are ve- 
 ry eafy of Alcenr, the other three hundred are ve- 
 ry fleep. The fecond Road is fix hundred Paces 
 high, a hundred of which rife through the lowefl 
 of the fmall Valleys by a gentle Afcenr, the next 
 hundred are almofl perpendicular, fo that you 
 mufl: climb them by Steps ^ the other four hun- 
 dred rife gradually to the Top of the Hill, which 
 is fix ty Paces in Breadth. This Hill, on the 
 Ridge of it, flioots Southward to the Diflance of 
 a hundred and fifty Paces, quite from the Church 
 of St. Sophia to the Porphyry Pillar, ' The other 
 
 three 
 
4^ 'lue ANTIQ^UITIES 
 
 three publick Ways^ from the Bottom of the Hill, 
 are for the firft hundred Paces upon a gentle Rife, 
 the next two hundred are a mighty DecHvity, fo 
 that you are obliged to afcend them by Windings 
 and Turnings ; the remaining five hundred, up 
 to the Plain upon the Hill, rife moderately. I 
 would obferve farther, that on the Side of the 
 Clifcs which projedl over the Bay, two fmall Hills 
 jetted out, one to the North, and the other to the 
 Eall; both which uniting form a litde Valley, 
 which is bounded on the Eafl by a Hill which ri- 
 fes eighty Paces in Height, and has in fome Places 
 very agreeable Defcents. This is the Reafon that 
 molt part of the lelTer Clifts, which bear upon 
 this Hill, ftand to the Eaft, and that the Side of 
 the Hill which looks Weftward, is in fome Parts 
 of it more fhelving than in other: For its Emi- 
 nencies falling into the loweft Plain in the Val- 
 ley, to the Length of three hundred Faces, from 
 the Foot of the Hill up to the Middle of it, are 
 almofl: perpendicular, and from the Middle to 
 the Top they dope but little. As for thofe Hills 
 which projedl over the Head of the Valley, they 
 are not above two hundred Paces high, often of a 
 different Afcent : For as the Valley rifes, the Clifts 
 feem lower. Indeed all the leffer Clifts of this 
 Hill have a double Defcent j one length-ways, and 
 the other broad-ways : For thofe of them which 
 fland Eaft and Wefl are feated in fuch a manner, 
 that they alfo lye to the North. In Ihort, all the 
 Sides of this Hill, in the mofl fleep Afcents of 
 them, are not above a Furlong in Height ; in o- 
 ther Places they fall into a moderate Declivity, 
 and at the Bottom of them they gradually enlarge 
 
 3 themfelves 
 
^/Constantinople. 47 
 
 themfelves into a Plain. The upper Clifts at the 
 Top of them are half fhelving, and half upon the 
 Plain. The Plain adjoining to the Sea, and divid- 
 ing the Hill from the Bay, fpreads itfelf into a 
 Latitude of three hundred Paces, but immediate- 
 ly widens again into a Breadth of five hundred 
 Paces, and fo vilibly enlarges itfelf, the farther it 
 extends itfelf into the Valleys. 
 
 And thus having given the Reader fome Account 
 of the Front or fore-part of the Promontory^ I fhall 
 now give him a ihort Defcription of the back-Ude 
 of it, which faces the Sea. Behind the fecond 
 and third Hills there are two leiTer Hills, which 
 hang over the Proponfis. Between thefe Hills de- 
 fcends a hollow Valley. Thefe Hills ftand in the 
 Middle of the Valley. That which lies Eaftward, 
 as well as that which lies to the Weft, exalts it- 
 felf to the Height of more than two hundred 
 Paces. At the End of the Valley, between thefe 
 Hills, is a well built Harbour enclofed with a 
 Wall. 'Tis feated upon the Plain on the Shore, 
 near that part of the Sea which runs up to the 
 Front of the Hippodrom. The Mouth of this 
 Harbour is three hundred Paces in Breadth. From 
 the Bay call'd Cornii^ the Breadth croffing the Hill 
 to the Propontisy widens to the Diftance of two 
 Miles. 
 
 Chap. 
 
The Antiquities 
 
 C H A P. X. 
 
 Of the fecond Faliey^ which divides the 
 Jecond from the third Hill. 
 
 THAT Valley which divides the fecond 
 from the third Hill, begins at the Fromoji- 
 tory^ and ends in the Plain adjoining to the Sea. 
 It contains in it the Fifti-Market and the Ferry, 
 whence you crofs the Water to Syca. From hence 
 to the Entrance of the Valley, a Plain expands it- 
 felf to the Breadth of four hundred Paces fo much 
 upon the Level, that the Water falls from thence 
 into the Bay with aim oil: an imperceptible Defcent. 
 When it has contracted itfelf into the narrow 
 Compafs of two hundred Paces in Breadth, it 
 gradually ftraightens itfelf into a lefs, even to the 
 Middle of the Valley, where 'tis but fifty Paces in 
 Breadth, and afterwards is no broader than the 
 common Way. 'Tis above fix hundred Paces in 
 Length, three hundred of which are almoft upon 
 a Level, the other three hundred upon the De- 
 fcent. It rifes eafily to that part of the Fromon- 
 tory^ where the fecond and third Hills join. In 
 the lowermofl part of the Valley runs the broad 
 Way that faces Galata. This Way, on both Sides 
 of it, is full of Merchants Houfes, cover'd with 
 a kind of tranfparent Slat, which have here and 
 there a finall Cafement. The Merchants of Ga- 
 lata frequent the grand Bezeftan^ or Place oiEx- 
 change, 'Tis fituate partly on the Head of the 
 
 Valley, 
 
<?/ Constantinople. 49 > 
 
 Valley, and partly on an Eminence of the third 
 Hill. In the Year of our Lord 1 546 it was whol- 
 ly burnt to the Ground, except two BafJica's 
 roof 'd with Brick-work, which were lock'd up e- 
 very Night, and their Windows fecured by Iron 
 Bars, when the Fire was over. I was allow- 
 ed after the Fire to view their grand Forum. I 
 found it lie fo much upon the Level, that it had 
 but a fmall Afcent either from the Weil to the 
 Eaft, or from the South to the North. I obfer- 
 ved that it flood upon more than five Furlongs of 
 Ground; on the highefl part of it, which lies to 
 the Eafl, I was permitted to fee a Nymphc^um, ad- 
 orn'd with five and forty Marble Pillars, which 
 fupported a Brick Roof The old BafiUcay of 
 which I could have no Profped: before, by reafon 
 of the Shops and publick Houfes, the Fire had 
 lain open to my View. I obferved farther, that 
 it had two additional Buildings like Wings, join- 
 ing to the main Building, each of which was di- 
 vided into fixty Apartm.ents, ^^lich were all arch- 
 ed, and over the Roof cover'4 with Lead, as their 
 Shops and Places of publick Entertainment are. 
 The inward Chambers of thefe Apartments, for 
 Privacy, are always lock'd, and are fecured by an 
 Iron Door. The Bafilica itfelf confifls of fifteen 
 large Apartments, in the Figure of a Dome, has 
 four Doors, and is fupported by eight Pillars ; the 
 Roof is Brick-work, and leaded at Top. The 
 new Bafilica is fupported with twelve Pillars built 
 of a fquare Stone ; four Arches bear upon thefe 
 Pillars, which fupport twenty fmall Roofs, built 
 in the Form of a Dome. There fland round a- 
 bout fixty Merchants Warehoufes, or Shops with 
 
 E arch'd 
 
JO Tloe AMTIQ.UITIES' 
 
 arch'd Roofs. Within the BafiUca there are two 
 hundred and twenty more of thefe Warehoufes, 
 which are made afcer the followin2: Manner. 
 Round the Walls o^ xht Bafilica are built abun- 
 dance of very broad Pews, where the Merchants 
 expofe their Goods to Sale, which they take out 
 of PrefTes, (when they would fhew them to their 
 Chapmen) which have Boxes of Drawers in them, 
 the Mafters alwavs fitting; before them. Thefe 
 PrefTes are faften'd to the Wall, have two Fold- 
 ing Doors, and are removable at Pleafure. 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 Of the tktrd mi 
 
 THE third Hill is bounded on each Side by 
 two Valleys: That which lies to the Eaft, 
 divides it from the fecond Hill, the Weftern 
 Valley divides it from the fourth. The Ridge of 
 this Hill is above a thoufand Ppces in Length. It 
 llioots from the Top of the 'Fromontory South- 
 ward, Northward to the Bay of Ceras^ almoft in 
 an equal Height. The fecond Hill on the con- 
 trary falls with a furprizing Defcent, from the ut- 
 moil Height of the Fromontory^ to the loweft 
 Plain on the Bay Shore. The third Hill, at the 
 Top of it is a Level of a great Length. It ex- 
 tends itfelf at the Foot of it, more by three hun- 
 dred Paces to the North, than the Foot of the 
 fecond Hill. 'It is not in all Places of an equal 
 Breadth J at the Top of the Fromontory itfelf 'tis 
 
 every 
 
^/Constantinople, j i 
 
 every way about eight hundred Paces. Here 'tis 
 that the Seraglio ftands. On that part of the 
 Plain which hes to the Eaft, ftands the Merchants 
 Foriim^ a Caravanjera^ and the Sepulchre of Ba- 
 jazef the Emperor. On the South Side of it is an 
 open Area^ round which Hand the Bookfellers 
 Shops. On that part of it which lies Northward, 
 ftand the Works which the Emperour Sclyman 
 is now building, namely his Tomb, a Caravanfe- 
 ray and a magnificent and expenfive Mofque. 
 They are built not only upon the natural Situa- 
 tion of the Ground there, but alfo upon artificial 
 Foundations. This Hill , on three Sides of it, 
 defcends upon three lefier Hills. For on that 
 Side of it which lies Eaftward, where flands the 
 Tower of Hire?ia, a fmall Hill jets out into the 
 fecond Valley. The long Projedlure of this Hill, 
 on the Ridge of it towards the Bay, makes another 
 fmall Hill which lies Northward, and from that 
 Side of it which points Weflward, where ftands 
 the Church of St. 'T'ljeodore^ there fhoots another 
 little Hill out of the Middle of it, to the Plain 
 which lies on the Sea Shore. Two Sides of this 
 Hill defcend in a double Declivity, one in a flrait, 
 and the other in an oblique Line. The Eaflern 
 Side of the third Hill, after it has extended itfelf 
 to thirteen hundred Paces Diftance, abates fome- 
 what of its winding Defcent, but the nearer you 
 defcend to the Plain, it falls with a more dired: 
 and confined Declivity. The Defcents falling 
 from the Ridge of the Hill to the Valley differ 
 very much, the uppermoll of them hanging over 
 a very deep Valley, rife to the Height of five hun- 
 dred Paces, the loweft three hundred of which 
 
 E 2 arc 
 
51 The Ant iclOt TIES 
 
 are very fteep, the three hundred Paces above 
 them are fcarce half of that Steepnefs. The other 
 Defcents of this Hill are not fo flielving, where 
 the Valley rifes higher. TheWeftern Side of the 
 Hill, as to its Declivities, is like the Eaftern. 
 The Northern Side of it has feveral Defcents : For 
 aleflerHill, fliooting from the Ridge of this Hill, 
 is five hundred Paces high, the lowermofi: three 
 hundred of which fall fo precipitately, that the 
 Buildings which ftand upon them, are all under- 
 propp'd, the two hundred Paces above them fall 
 with an eafy Defcent. The Defcents on this Side 
 of the Hill, the farther they lie from the Plain 
 on the Sea Shore, the more are they lengthen'd 
 by a lideling Fall, which rifes on the Eaftern Side 
 of the Hill. The Plain on the Shore, as difcon- 
 tinued by the Inlet of the Bay, is not above two 
 hundred Paces in Breadth, but at the Foot of the 
 Hill, in other Parts of it, it fenfibly v^idens up to 
 the Entrance of the Valleys. The Gr arid Seraglio, 
 feated on the Side of this Hill, when I firft arri- 
 ved at Conftantinopkj was little lefs than fix thou- 
 fand Paces in Compafs, but is at prefent more 
 clofely ftraiten'd, fince the Caravanjeras have 
 been built there by the Sultan Solymaft^ and the 
 burying Place for the W^omen (which is at leaft 
 half the Ground) has been taken out of it and en- 
 clofed. The left Side oi^ ihtPromoKtory, which 
 lies behind the third Hill to the South , jets out 
 with two lelfer Hills; from one of which that 
 fhootsEaftward, the Side of the Fromo7itory v/hich 
 winds round Weftward to the other Hill, which 
 is feated a little above the Foot of the Prcmonto- 
 ry-^ and at the Bottom of this Hill, the Fromcm- 
 
 tory 
 
^/Constantinople. 53 
 
 tory admits the third Valley, which lies behind 
 it, and from thence ftretches full North. The 
 left Side therefore of the third Hill hath a double 
 Defcent; the one towards the South, which is fix 
 hundred Paces high, another extending itfelf South 
 South-weft, (twtn hundred Paces high; but at full 
 Weft it falls very fliort of that Height. The Plain 
 that lies between the back Southern Parts of the 
 third Hill, and the Shore of the Prcponfis, is in no 
 part of it lefs than three hundred Paces broad, nor 
 above feven hundred Paces long. The Plain of the 
 Valley which enclofes the Foot of the Hill Weft- 
 ward, and which divides the feventh Hill from 
 the Fromontory^ reaching from the Shore of the 
 Propontis^ where the Walls are not encompafifed 
 by the Sea, is almoft upon a Level, and is in eve- 
 ry part of it five hundred Paces in Breadth. The 
 three Hills I have mention'd, may very properly 
 be called the PrGmontory of the Bofporus ; for they 
 hang over the Sea in fuch a manner, that whe- 
 ther you fail to Conjl antinopk' out oi iho. Black Sea, 
 or the Proponfis, you may fee them at a great Di- 
 ftance, prominent over the Chaps of the Bojpo^ 
 riis. The third Valley feems to feparatethe other 
 three Hills, which lie farther into the Continent 
 from thefe. The Reafon why I place fix Hills in 
 the Promontory of the Bofporus is, becaufe theie 
 latter Hills all ftand in a Row near the Bay, and 
 are join'd together both at the Top and the Sides 
 of them. The Plain which unfolds itfelf on the 
 Ridge of the third Hill, defcends gently into a 
 Plain which hangs over the third Valley, and is 
 fix hundred and twenty Paces in Length, and 
 as many in Breadth. 
 
 E 3 Chap. 
 
54 ""T?:^^ Anticluities 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 Of the third P^alley, 
 
 TH E third Valley, which lies between the 
 third and the fourth Hill, feems to be a 
 double Valley J for in the Middle of it, it rifes 
 high, which makes it doubtful whether it be a 
 part of the Valley, or the Promontory. That the 
 Height of it is a part of the Valley, feems plain 
 from the Height of the Arches, which reach from 
 one Side of the Valley to the other; and it maybe 
 look'd upon to be the Ridge of the Promontory^ 
 from the Defcent of the extreme Parts of it fal- 
 ling to the right and left, on each Side of the 
 Promontory. On the right Side of which, it de- 
 fcends into a very low Plain, which, at its firfl 
 Entrance, is three hundred Paces broad, and con- 
 tinues on upon a Level to the Length of five hun- 
 dred Paces more 3 and though it finks at Bottom 
 into an equal Depth, yet the Pitches or Sides of 
 it, in fome Places, are higher than in others. 
 For where the Plain is moft hollow, there one of 
 the Sides of it is three times higher than the o- 
 ther. From this Plain you afcend by eafy Steps 
 to the Top of the Middle of the Valley, which is 
 fix hundred Paces wide, except that fmall part 
 of it in the Middle, where it is not above four 
 hundred Paces in Breadth. Through the Top 
 of this Valley, or Promontory ^ run the Arches of 
 an AqueduB from the fourth to the third Hill, of 
 
 the 
 
^/Constantinople. jj 
 
 the fame Height, at the Top of them, with the 
 Hills themfelves. The Akitude of thefe Arches 
 diicovers how great the Defcent is from them. 
 For though they are alike equal in Height at the 
 Top of them, yet this Height is very different, 
 according to the Difference of their Situations. 
 For they are very high at the Top of the Valley, 
 which is a plain level Ground, but upon the De- 
 fcent of the Hills not near fo high, and continue 
 to the Length of eight hundred Paces in the fame 
 Height, though the higher they ftand upon thefe 
 Hills, they are lefs tall. The Top of this Valley 
 or Promo/itory, defcends with a gentle Fall of fe- 
 ven hundred Paces into a Plain, which divides the 
 Promontory from the feventhHill, and from thence 
 extends itfelf to the Propontis. The City from 
 the Bay to the Propontis^ paffing thro' the third 
 Valley, is more than ten Furlongs in Breadth. 
 
 Chap. XIII. 
 Of the fourth H'dl. 
 
 I HE fourth Hill is enclofed with two Val- 
 leys, the Ridge of the Promontory^ and the 
 . of the Bay. Upon the Side of it ftands 
 the Tomb of Mahomet^ (who took Coiiftantimple) 
 feveral Caravan/era s and Bagnio's. It is above 
 three' thoufand fix hundred Paces- in Compafs. 
 The Length, from the Ridge of it to the Bay, is 
 a thoufand Paces; the Breadth of it, fromEaftto 
 Weft, is at leaft eight hundred. As you take a 
 
 E 4 View 
 
^6 The A NT I CLU I TIES 
 
 View of it from the Top, ftretching in a Square 
 towards the Bay, you perceive it to end in two 
 Windings, though very different from each other. 
 For that which points Northward ftretches on in 
 a continued Ridge, and has its Defcents on both 
 Sides, whereas that which fhoots Eaflward lies fo 
 low, that it feems to be only an Afcent to the o- 
 ther. At the End of it it winds VVeftward, where 
 it forms a little Valley. This Hill EaUward is 
 bounded by a Valley, and is parted from the third 
 Kill ; on the North by the Plain on the Shore, 
 on the Eafl: partly by a Valley, which divides it 
 from the fifih Kill, and partly by the winding of 
 the Promontory^ which riles in fo gradual and de- 
 le(5table a manner, from tlieTop of the fourth to 
 the Top of the fifth Hill, that you difcover the 
 Ridge of ic to be uneven, more by a nice Difcern- 
 ment of the Eye, than by any Difficulty in walk- 
 ing it. Fgr thefe Hills are join'd together in fuch 
 a manner, that they feem to lie upon a Level. 
 They are both of them one Plain, which, cover- 
 ing the Top of the fourth Hill, is not above four 
 hundred Paces in Length, nor more than two 
 hundred in Breadth, tho' afterwards, when con- 
 linu'd to the fifth Hill, it widens into the Breadth 
 of five hundred Paces. The fourth Hill, tho' it 
 is equal in Pleight to any of the other fix, yet its 
 Afcents, whether they lie in a ftrait Line, or more 
 obliquely, are more moderate, by reafon it is a 
 long Tra6t of Ground with three Declivities. The 
 firft of which, thro' the Length of the whole, de- 
 fcends from the Southweft full North more than a 
 thoufan(i Paces; two hundred of which riling 
 from the Sea Shore are a more eafy Afcent, the 
 
 reft 
 
of Constantinople. 57 
 
 reft rife fo very gently that you can fcarce per- 
 ceive them, although the uppermoft hundred of 
 them, which reach to the Top of the Hill, are 
 very fteep. The crofs Defcent which runs athwart 
 the Breadth of the Hill is double, one of which 
 falls Weftward j the other, which Ihelves Eaft- 
 ward, rifes from the Valley, which divides the 
 third and fourth Hill. From the higheft part of 
 this Valley you climb an Afcent two hundred Paces 
 in Height, Below the Top of it is another Af- 
 cent, which is five hundred Paces high, one hun- 
 dred of which rifing from the Bottom are very 
 fieep. The Height of the reft, which are an ea- 
 fy Afcent, you difcover by the Level of the Aque^ 
 duB. From the Bottom of the Valley you afcend 
 four hundred Paces, the firft hundred and eighty 
 of which are very fteep, after, which you may 
 walk two hundred more almoft upon a Level. 
 From hence you rife to the Middle of it, which 
 is higher, and is a hundred Paces in Breadth. It 
 is alfo elevated eight hundred Paces in Length, 
 from the Top of it to the Bottom. From hence 
 you defcend two hundred Paces Weftward to the 
 loweft Part of the Valley, which divides the 
 fourth and the fifth Hill, which is all a narrow 
 Piece of Ground, and about four hundred Paces 
 in Length. The fi.rft two hundred Paces upon the 
 Shore of the Bay are all upon a Level; but it is 
 an Uncertainty whether they are a part of the 
 Valley, or the Sea Shore. For this Valley is en- 
 clofed in fuch a manner by thefe two Hills, as 
 the fourth is bounded by the Plain upon the 
 Shore, which is two hundred Paces broad, where- 
 as the fifth does fcarce defcend fo far. The fol- 
 lowing 
 
58 The Anticluities 
 
 lowing eight hundred Paces are much upon the 
 fame Level, the lafl four hundred of which, 
 ilretching to the Top of the Promontory^ are very 
 fleep. The Plain upon the Shore, paffing be- 
 tween the Bay and the fourth Hill, is of a diffe- 
 rent Breadth. For that part of it which extends 
 itfelf to the South-weflern Point of the Hill, is 
 four hundred Paces broad, whereas that part of it 
 which extends itfelf to the Northern Point, is no 
 more in Breadth than two hundred Paces. In 
 fhort, fuch is the Situation of the fourth Hill, 
 that when you fail along the Bay, you would take 
 it to be an advanced part of the third Valley. 
 For the Top of this Hill runs fo far Southward, 
 that its Defcents, fhelving very moderately, feem 
 almoft upon a Level j whereas the Top of the 
 fifth Hill, which is of the fame Height, projed:s 
 beyond the fourth diredtly Northward. The 
 Defcents on the Back of the third Hill, which lie 
 Southward, are very eafy and agreeable, till you 
 come to the Plain of the Vale, which divides the 
 Tromontory from the feventh Hill ; fo that the 
 back part of this Hill {hoots Southward, and is 
 not bounded on either Side of it by the third Val- 
 ley. This Southern Part of it is fomewhat nar- 
 row, juil beyond a little Hill of the third Valley, 
 near a Caravanferay built by the Sultan Maho^ 
 met J but behind the fifth Hill, below the Colum- 
 na Vir^inea^ 'tis flraitned much niore. 
 
 Chap, 
 
^/Constantinople. 59 
 
 Chap. XiV. 
 Of the Fifth HtlL 
 
 THE Bottom of the fifth Hill, on the Top 
 of which ftands the Tomb of Selymus the 
 Emperor, as bounded partly by the Bay, and 
 partly by an Eaftern and Weflern Valley, is four 
 thouiand Paces in Compafs. The Pitch of this 
 Hill hangs fo far over the Bay Northward, and 
 the Pitch of the fourth Hill lies fo low towards 
 the fame Point, that the fourth Hill feems to be a 
 kind of Valley, fituate between the third, and 
 the fifth Hill. For the fifth Hill does not join at 
 Top, and continue the Ridge of the Promontory 
 as other Hills do, but being of an equal Heighth 
 with it, flioots to a great Diflance beyond it run- 
 ning as far Northward, as does the Foot of the 
 fourth Hill. It has a Defcent on three Sides of it ; 
 one to the North, the Steepnefs of which the 
 Reader may learn from hence, that altho' it is 
 very near the Heighth of the fourth Hill, which 
 is above a thoufand Paces high, yet the higheft 
 Afcent of this Hill comes nearer upon the Line, 
 than that of any other Hill, to the loweft Afcent 
 from the Bottom ; for you afcend thro' a little 
 Valley, no more than three hundred Paces high 
 to the Top of it. This Valley is form'd by two 
 fmall Hills adjoining to the Shore of the Bay, up- 
 on which, at about four hundred Paces diftance, 
 you difcover fome Stone Steps, belonging to. a 
 
 Founda- 
 
6o The Antiq^uitif.s 
 
 Foundation of a Caravan/era^ built by the Em- 
 peror Selyrnus, This Northern Side of the Hill 
 has four fmall Hills jetting out of it, three fmall 
 Valleys running between them, which rife from 
 the Top of the Hill, and are fituate at fuch a 
 Diftance from the Plain upon the Shore, that two 
 of them touch the Wall which ftands upon it; 
 the other two are a hundred Paces from it. The 
 plain upon the Shore is in no Part of it narrow- 
 er than it is at the Foot of this Hill ; for to the 
 l)iftance of a thoufand Paces, it does not exceed 
 a hundred Paces in Breadth, and in fome Places 
 not fifty. Two of thefe Hills are very fteep, fo 
 that the Buildings you fee upon them, as'tho' they 
 were in danger of falling, are all underpropp'd, 
 and the Inhabitants have been oblig'd to cut 
 Windings in the Rocks to^ moderate the Defcent. 
 The other two are lefs Precipitate, the Valleys 
 which enclofe them not lying fo deep. The 
 Side of the Hill which (hoots Eaftward is one 
 thoufand four hundred Paces in Length, and two 
 hundred in Breadth, and its Altitude two hun- 
 dred Paces upon the Perpendicular. The Height 
 of the Side of ir, which falls Weftward, flielves 
 into a different Depth, according as the Valley 
 finks. Wliere it defcends into a Level Plain, it 
 advances its Top to the Height of five hun- 
 dred Paces. In other Places it rifes no higher 
 than three hundred, with a very moderate Af- 
 cent. The Side of the Promontory which points 
 Southward, fituate behind the fifth Hill, ends 
 in the Plain of the Valley, which divides the 
 Tromontory from the feventh Hill. In other 
 Places it falls with a more confined, and 
 
 and 
 
^/Constantinople. 6i 
 
 fometimes with a more expanded Defcent, up- 
 on a Imall thick Hill, which hangs over the 
 fifth Valley ; as al(b over that Valley which parts 
 the Projnontory from the feventh Hill. The back 
 Part o. the fifth Hill does alfo wind it felf into a 
 fmall Valley, which rifes at the Brow of the Fro-' 
 montory, where not long fince was remaining the 
 Columna Vh^ginea, From hence the Ridge of the 
 'Promontory fomewhat bends over the Top of the 
 Plain of the fiichHill, which in fome Places is fix 
 hundred, and in others feven hundred Paces broad. 
 But beyond the Ridge of this Hill it widens to a 
 great Diftance, as far as the Plain of the fourth 
 Hill, and flioots on with the Plain of the Fro-^ 
 montoryy and falls down to the Neck of the Ijlh" 
 muSj and fo extending it felf ilill on, is at leafk 
 two thoufand Paces in Length. 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 Of the Fifth Falley, 
 
 THE fifth Valley, which divides the fifth 
 from the fixth Hill, winding from North 
 to South, is as long as the Fromontory is broad j 
 that is, about twelve hundred Paces j the firft 
 eight hundred of which have no Afcent. The 
 Valley, at the firfi: Entrance into it, is at leaft 
 four hundred Paces broad, but is afterwards flrait- 
 iied into half that Breadth ^ and yet to the Length 
 of fix hundre^d Paces, 'tis in no Place lefs than 
 two hundred Paces broad. Farther, 'tis at leaft 
 « five 
 
6 1 The A N T I CLU I T I E s 
 
 five hundred Paces wide. Above this, is the Top 
 of the Valley, or the Ridge of the Fromontor\\ 
 opening upon a Level Breadth of two hundred 
 Paces. From the Top of this Fromontor)\ to the 
 left Side of it, there falls a Valley with a gentle 
 Defcent, to the Diftance of five hundred Paces, 
 where it dcfcends into another Valley, which di- 
 vides the Promontory from the feventh Hill. The 
 fifth Valley feems to cut through the Ridge of 
 the Fromontory. This may eafily be difcerned by 
 the right and left Defcent of the two Hills which 
 lie neareft to it j for there is a very eafy Afcent 
 from the Height of this Valley, to the Top of 
 cither Hill. 
 
 C H A p. XVI. 
 
 'nr^HE fixth Hill is juft as long as the Fro^ 
 j^ montory is broad, which is widen'd upon 
 this Hill to the Breadth of two thoufand four 
 hundred Paces. The City Walls fhoot over the 
 Ridge, and the North Side of it down to the 
 Sea Shore. You defcend gradually from the 
 Top of it within the Walls ; without the Walls 
 it lies upon a Level, and is join'd to the Conti- 
 nent by a Field in the Suburbs. The broadeft 
 part of it is not above eight hundred Paces, the 
 narroweft but four hundred. It defcends with a 
 treble Declivitv ; one on the left Hand of the 
 Vromontory^ with an eafy Defcent at South-eaft ; 
 another on the right falling to the Bay North- 
 ward, 
 
C?/ CONSTA NTINOPLE. 6j 
 
 Ward, which extends itfelf to the Diftance of 
 fifteen hundred Paces. There are two leiTer 
 Hills, feparated by a fmall Valley, which run 
 between them. At the Foot of that lefler Hill 
 which ftands neareft to the City Wall, there is 
 an A'^ucduB. Between this Hill and the Bay, 
 there formerly llood the Church of the Blacher- 
 n^j which has been recorded in the Writings of 
 many Hiftorians. The Foundation of this 
 Church was remaining, when I iirft arrived at 
 Conjlantinople. From the Foot of this Hill, which 
 flands above the Church I have mention'd, there 
 rifes a Spring, whofe Waters are convey 'd thro' 
 arch'd fubterraneous Paffages into the City, 
 where, appearing above Ground, they flow con- 
 ftantly into a Marble Ciftern. That Side of the 
 jQxth Hill which lies Eaflward, is as long as the 
 Hill itfelfi but does not, in all parts of it, fall 
 with the fame Defcent. For the Defcent varies, 
 according as the Valley adjoining lies higher or 
 lower. Where the Valley lies upon the Level, 
 the Pitch of the Hill riles to the Height of fix 
 hundred Paces j where it does not lie fo low, 'tis 
 not above five hundred Paces high; where it ri- 
 fes higher, not above four hundred. Nor does 
 this Side of the Hill fhoot only Eaftward, but 
 does alfo, on the right Side of it, projed: North- 
 ward, and on the left Side of it extend itfelf full 
 South-weft. The Plain on the Shore, which 
 lies between the Foot of the Flill and the Bay, 
 in the narrow part of it, is not above eight hun- 
 dred Paces broad, I mean in that Place where 
 the Church of the Blachemce flood formerly, as 
 did alfo a T^ricUniuinj but farther on it winds 
 
 round 
 
6^ The Antiq^uities 
 
 round into the third Valley, and widens much 
 
 more. 
 
 Chap. XVII. 
 
 Of the I^alky which divides the Promon- 
 tory from the feventh HtlL 
 
 TH E Valley which divides the feventh from 
 the fix Hills of the Promontory^ is an eafy 
 Defcent. It extends itfelf in Length to the Di- 
 j[lance of four thoufand Paces, if you take in the 
 Plain on the Sea Shore. If you exclude that, and 
 take your Dimenfions from the winding of the 
 feventh Hill, 'tis not above three thoufand three 
 hundred Paces long. It lies fo much upon a Le- 
 vel, that you cannot perceive by walking it, that 
 it has the lead Afcent j yefyou may difcover by 
 the Difcernment of the Eye that it ienfibly leng- 
 thens and widens itfelf into a greater Breadth. It 
 bounds the Sides of the third and the fifth Valley, 
 and the loweft Eminences of the fifth and fixth 
 Hills. It is full of Gardens and pleafant Mea- 
 dows. Here the Soldiers fometimes adt their 
 Mock-Fights. There's a Rivulet which runs 
 through the Middle of it, which is often dry in 
 Summer Time. 
 
 Chap. 
 
^/Constantinople. 6^ 
 
 Chap. XVIII. 
 Of the feventh Hill. 
 
 THE feventh Hill Is called the Xerolopbos, on 
 which ftands rhe Pillar of Arcadius. This 
 Hill is little lefs than twelve thoufand Paces in 
 Circumference, and contains more than a third 
 Part of the City. The other two Parts are com- 
 prehended in the Compafs of the Promontory^ 
 which is above twenty thoufand Paces in Circum- 
 ference. By Paces, I would here be thought to 
 mean the ordinary Steps we take in Walking, 
 which I cannot exactly reduce to a juft Menfura- 
 tion with zh.Q Roman Pace, byreafon of the Turn- 
 ings and Windings of the Ways, and the Diffe- 
 rences of Paces, which are longer or fliorter, ac- 
 cording to the different Afcents and Defcents of 
 the Ground we walk. This Hill makes the third 
 Angle of the City, from whence Conjiantinople is 
 look'd upon to be of a triangular Figure. It lies 
 {helving with a very moderate Defcent, and has 
 a double Declivity j one of which falls gently in- 
 to the Valley, which divides the feventh Hill from 
 the Promontory, and is of an equal Length with the 
 Valley itfelf The other Defcent, which partly 
 lies to the South-eaft, and partly to the South, falls 
 into the Proponfis, and is in fome Places five hun- 
 dred Paces fteep, in others four hundred, three 
 hundred, a hundred, nay even fifty, till it comes 
 to the Point of the tliird Angle of the City, whence 
 
 F a large 
 
66 The Amticiuities 
 
 a large Plain (hoots out towards the Sea, which, 
 in different Places, is of a different Breadth. The 
 Entrance of this Plain, at the Angle of the City 
 jufl mention'd, is very narrow 3 it afterwards wi- 
 dens, which is occafioned by the Winding of one 
 of its Sides, from whence it gently rifes to the 
 Foot of a fmall Hill, where 'tis four hundred 
 Paces broad; onwards it is ftraiten'd into fifty, 
 and afterwards is widen'd into a Breadth of a hun- 
 dred Paces only. The End of this Plain, to the 
 Diflance of a thoufand Paces, is more than four 
 hundred Paces broad. On the Ridge of this Hill, 
 there is a Plain of fome Length and Breadth ; the 
 Hill itfelf is bounded by the Land Wall, and on 
 the Top of it is a Ciflern which is call'd Mocifia^ 
 which is wholly unroof 'd, and flripp'd of its Pil- 
 lars. This Cifl:ern is nine hundred and feventy 
 Paces in Circumference. The Walls of it, which 
 are made of fquared Free-flone, are flill remain- 
 ing; and the Ground where it Hands, is now 
 turn'd into a Garden. 
 
 Thus is it that I have kid before the Reader a 
 Tlan or Defcription of the Situation of the City of 
 Conjiantinople^ by which means the Situation of 
 the Wards of that City will be more eafily difco- 
 vered. I hope I fhall not be thought to have 
 dwelt too long on this Subjedl, fince a verbal De- 
 lineation of it is the moft concife way of coming 
 to the Knowledge of it. For although Cefijian^ 
 fimple, by reafon of the Eminency of its Situa- 
 tion, affords a mofl agreeable Profpe(5t at the re- 
 moteft Diflance, yet thus to particularize the fe- 
 veral Parts of the City, leads the Reader into a 
 more exa<5t and more expeditious Infight into it, 
 
 than 
 
(?/ Constantinople. 67 
 
 than any other Method of Information whatfo- 
 
 ever. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 Of the Walls of the City. 
 
 TH E Walls of Conftantinoplej in fome Places, 
 are built with fquared Free-ftone, in others 
 with rough Stone, and in many Places with an 
 Intermixture of Brick and Stene together. The 
 Walls on the Land Side are double, fecured with 
 a large Ditch five and twenty Paces broad. One 
 of the Walls is carry'd fomewhat farther than the 
 Length of the Ditch, and is very flrongly fortifi- 
 ed. Thefe Walls fland at eighteen Foot Diflance 
 from each other. The inward Wall is very lofty, 
 and more than twenty Foot in Thicknefs, upon 
 which are built two hundred and fifty Towers 
 with Steps, facing the Continent. The outward 
 Wall is not above half as big, but has the fame 
 Number of Towers. As to the Nature of its For- 
 tification, the Ground that takes up the Diftance 
 between the Ditch and the outward Wall, is 
 higher than the adjoining Side of the Ditch, and 
 the Ground between the two Walls is higher 
 than that. The Countrey opening without the 
 Walk is not incumber'd with Buildings, and is 
 partly hilly, and partly upon the Level, but chief- 
 ly upon the latter, fo that you have a delightful 
 Profped: over the Fields before you, and a very 
 cxtenfive View all about you : And there is no 
 
 F 2 Doubt 
 
68 The ANTiauiTiFs 
 
 Doubt to be made, but that Conpantlmple might 
 be made a terrible ftrong Place. The Walls which 
 run round the Sea, are not fo high as the Land 
 Walls ; they are a plain Building, but very thick, 
 and well guarded with Towers. On the Side of 
 the Bay CeraSy they are about fifty Paces diilant 
 from the Shore. On the Side of ihe Bcjporiis 2Lnd 
 the Propontisy they are built upon the Shore, ex- 
 cept where they are difcontinu'd by fome Port or 
 Landing-place. Zojiaras relates, that T^heophiliis 
 the Emperor not only repaired, but raifed thefe 
 Walls higher, after they had been much impair'd 
 by Time, and the Dafhings of the Sea. This is 
 alfo confirm'd to us down even to the prefent 
 Age; for in many Places of them, I obferv'd the 
 Name of 'Theophilus the Emperor was cut in very 
 large Charad;ers. The Emperor 'Nicephorus was 
 hated by his People for levying a Tax upon them, 
 which v/as call'd Diccraton , for repairing thefe 
 Walls. I learn from the Confiitutions of Jujiini- 
 a?iy that in his Time the Walls were commonly 
 call'd the old and the ;?6"zy Walls, where he decrees, 
 ^hat a larger Fee ficill be paid the Bearer s^ aftd 
 thofe who attend a Corpfe beyond the new Walls of 
 the City. What I would obferve from hence is, 
 that the old Walls which were built by Conjian^^ 
 tine^ and that the new Walls which were built by 
 1'heodofius the Lefs , were both flanding in the 
 Reign oi'jujiinian. The Walls of old £>'2:^;z- 
 tium I have defcribed in the Beginning of this 
 Book ; and as to the Condition they were in for- 
 merly, we may learn more fully from Herodian^ 
 who writes, that Byzantium was inclofed with a 
 very large and a very ftrong Wall, made of fquare 
 ' Stones 
 
^/"Constantinople. 6p 
 
 Stones of a great Size, fo artfully cemented, that 
 it was look'd upon as one compadted Piece of 
 Work. This is alfo confirm'd by the Authority of 
 Pau/mias^ who tells us, That he never Jaw the 
 iralls of BahyloUy or o/'Memnon, nor ever heard 
 of am Pe?-Jon who had J e en them : But the Walls of 
 Byzantium afid Rhodes, fays he, are accounted 
 exceeding flrong -, and yet the Walls which inclofe 
 Pvlelfene are flronger than thefe. 'Tis recorded by 
 fome Hiftorians, that the Athenians kept their 
 Treafury at Byzantium^ becaufe it was a well for- 
 tify'd Place. Whether thofe Walls which the 
 Author of the Ajicient Defcription of the Wards 
 calls the double Walls are the fame which we iee 
 at Conjlantinople at prefent, or v/hether they were 
 built by Theodofius, I leave it to the Judgment of 
 the Reader. Thus far I fliall give my Opinion, 
 viz. That they do not feem to me to be entirely 
 the fame Walls which that Author defcribes. For 
 he places the Church of the Apo flies in a Ward 
 which is near to the Walls of the City, and places 
 the fourteenth JVard without the Walls of the 
 City, which at prefent, if not all of it, at leaft 
 the beft part of it, is within the Walls. I would 
 add, that Thecdofus theLeJs^ who reign'd before 
 yujlinian, does not place the Blachernce within 
 the Walls of the City, and yet I have the. Authori- 
 ty oiProcopiuSy that thefe were a part of the Sub- 
 urbs in the Time of jujiinian , tho' at prefent 
 they are enclofed within the Walls, as were alfo 
 the feven Towers, and the Church which was 
 built by Stadius, (or. rather Stiidius) who was af- 
 terwards Cojiful. 
 
 F 3 Chap. 
 
70 7??^ Antiqjuities 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 Of the Gates ^/Conftantinople, and the 
 /even Towers of Old Byzantium. 
 
 THE Walls on the Side of the Continent 
 have fix Gates ; one within the Palace of 
 Conjlantine^ another, which is call'd the v^^^n^/zo- 
 folitan Gate, and a third on the Brow of the fe- 
 venth Hill. Befides thefe, there is the Porta Au- 
 rea or Gilded Gate^ the Gate oiSelymbria or Rhe- 
 gium, and the Gate of the feven Towers. On the 
 Side of the Bay Ceras is the Gate of the Blacher- 
 nce, at prefent call'd Xyloporta, feated near the 
 third Angle of the City. There are alfo the Gates 
 call'd Cynigos^ or Porta Palatma, Phanaria^ A- 
 gia^ Porta yiibalica, Farinaria, Lignaria, Se- 
 mhiana, Pifcaria, the Gate of the Neorium^ and 
 the Gate of Demetrius^ which ftands on the Ridge 
 of the firft Hill. On the Side of the Propontis 
 there are about fivej every one of which has 
 Stairs, or a handing-place^ and a Haven for Ships, 
 befides the Gates of the Imperial Palace. There 
 is alfo the Porta Stercoraria, Leonina^ Condefca- 
 la, two of which fland at the Foot of the feventh 
 Hill. Thofe which have been principally taken 
 Notice of by Hiflorians, are the Gates of CynigoSy 
 Rbegium and Xylocerum, alfo the Gate of Eugeni" 
 us, the Porta Aurea, that call'd Myriandros, the 
 Porta Condefcala y and Porta Carfiana. In old 
 Byzantium there was the T^hracian Gate. For we 
 
 are 
 
<?/" Constantinople. 71 
 
 are told by Z)/o;z, that the ieven Towers reach'd 
 from the Thracian Gate to the Sea, which CedrU 
 71US tells us was the Bay Ceras. If any one fpoke 
 any thing in the firft of thefe Towers, it immedi- 
 ately flew to the fecond, and fo through all the 
 reil, fo that you might hear the Voice diftindly 
 repeated in every one of them. Pliny tells the 
 very fame Story of Cyziciis, In that City, fays he, 
 near the T'hracian Gate there are {^Mtw Towers, 
 which multiply the Voice by Repetition, or Rei- 
 teration, more than feven times. This, he adds, 
 was look'd upon by the Grecians as fomewhat 
 miraculous, and was call'd the Rcho. I never 
 found any Mention made of the Thracian Gates 
 in any Hiftorian but in Pliny, though it is not al- 
 together improbable, that there were fuch Gates 
 there ; for Apollonius^ in the jlrji Book of his Ar- 
 gonaut icks, mentions the 'Thracian Haven in Cy- 
 ziciis } and Plutarch is very exprefs, that near this 
 City there was a Street call'd the Thracian Street, 
 This is alfo attefted not only by fome more mo- 
 dern Writers of Conftantinople, but alfo by Dion 
 and Xenophon ; the latter of whom writes, That 
 when Alcibiades appear'd before the Town, the 
 Byzantians open'd the Thracian Gates to him of 
 their own Accord. 
 
 F 4 Chap. 
 
yz The Anticluities^ ©"r. 
 
 Chap. XXI. 
 Of the long IValls, 
 
 T*" H E Suburbs and Fields adjoining were In-^ 
 clofed with Walls of fiich an immoderate 
 Length, that they extended themfelves from the 
 City to the Diftance of a two Days Journey. They 
 were built hy Anajlafms the Emperor to prevent 
 the Incurfions of the Scythians and Bulgarimis^ 
 reach 'd from the Black Sea to the Fropontis^ were 
 forty thoufand Paces remote from the City, and 
 twenty Roman Foot in Breadth. Thefe Walls 
 were often taken and batter'd by the barbarous 
 Nations, but repair 'd by 'Jiijlinian ; and that the 
 Soldiers garrifoned there might defend them to the 
 beft Advantage, he order 'd the PalTages of one 
 Tower to another to be flopp'd up, no Entrance 
 being allow'd, but the Door at the Bottom of the 
 Steps, by which it was afcended j fo that by this 
 means it was fa fficiently guarded, though the 
 Enemies Forces were in the Heart of the City. 
 E'oagrius the facred Hiftorian tells us, that Ana- 
 Jiafms built the long Wall, which was two hun- 
 dred and eighty Furlongs diftant from the City, 
 that it reach'd from Sea to Sea, was four hundred 
 Furlongs in Length, that it was a good Security 
 to thofe who fail'd out of the Black Sea to the 
 Propontis^ and that it put a Stop to the Excuriions 
 of the barbarous Nations. 
 
 ^he End of the Firjl Book. 
 
73 
 
 THE 
 
 Tv 
 
 ^TIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 Constantinople. 
 
 BOOK II. 
 
 Chap. I. 
 
 Of the BiftJdhigs and Monuments of Old 
 Byzantium and Conftantinople, cal- 
 led New Rome. 
 
 AVIN G defcrib'd the Figure and Ex- 
 tent of the City, and having particu- 
 larized the Situation ofthejeven Hills, 
 I fhall proceed to confider what Build- 
 ings and Monuments Cojtjiantinople 
 anciently had, or now has, and into how many 
 
 Wardi 
 
74 '^^^ Anticluities 
 
 Wards it was divided. For when I accidentally 
 fell upon this Divilion of the City into Wards^ in 
 an 2incitnt Manufcript written above one thoufaiid 
 Years ago, by a Gentleman more noble by his 
 Birth than his Writings, I was in hope?, with 
 fome Eafe, to have traced out the ancient City ; 
 but the barbarous Mahometafts have either fo de- 
 moliilVd thofe venerable and truly heroick Orna- 
 ments which diftinguifh'd it, to adorn their own 
 paultry Houfes, or entirely buried them in their 
 own Ruins, that in very few Places you fhall fee 
 any Remains of an old Foundation. I omit to men- 
 tion the Fires and other Devaflations, committed 
 not only by the Savages of other Countries, but 
 the great Havock lately made by the Turks them- 
 felves, who for the laft hundred Years have incef- 
 fantly endeavour'd entirely to deface and deftroy 
 it, by building upon it in fo different a Manner, 
 that thofe who have formerly feen fome parts of it, 
 fcarce know its ancient Situation. Conf der far- 
 ther the profound Ignorance of the Greeks 2iX. pre- 
 fent. There is fcarce a Man of them who either 
 knows, or has fo much as an Inclination to know, 
 where their Antiquities are. Nay, their Priefts 
 are fo heedlefs and negligent in this Refpedlj that 
 they will not make the leaft Enquiry themfelves 
 about thofe Places, where but a few Years lince 
 very magnificent Temples were flanding, and fo 
 very cenforious are they, as to condemn thofe that 
 do. However, that I might not pafs away my 
 Time ufelefsly, while I was in Expe(5lation of Re-^ 
 mittanc^s from my Royal Mafler, for purchafing 
 all the ancient ManuJ'cripts \ could meet with, I 
 made it my Bufinefs, by all the Marks of Antiqui- 
 ty 
 
(?/ Constantinople. 7j 
 
 ty I was capable of obferving, to make what Dif- 
 coveries I could. In my Defcription of the an- 
 cient Monuments, I {hall obferve the fame Me- 
 thod I did in the Defcription of the Hills. I 
 {hall confider them in the Order the Hills Hand, 
 or as I find them in the different Wards of the 
 City; which, like Old Rome ^ was divided into 
 fourteen Wards 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the Ancient Monuments of the firjl 
 Hill, and ofthefirfi Ward of the 6//y. 
 
 TH E firfl Hill, which Pliny fometimes calls 
 Chryfoceras, and fometimes Auri Comu^ 
 (though this was a Miftake, as appears from what 
 I have wrote concerning the T^hracian Bofporus) 
 Dionyfms a Byzantian calls the Promontory of the 
 Bofporus. Inhere are two Reafons ajjigned^ fays he, 
 why 'tis caWd the Promontory of the Bofporus ; the 
 one is, as fome fay, becaufe a Cow flung with a 
 Gad-Bee forded over it. Others more fahuloufly r^- 
 port , that lo, the Daughter o/'Inachus, being 
 changed into a Cow,Jwam acrofs it, when fie went 
 into Afia. The fame Author, fpeaking of a Place 
 call'd Semyflra, tells us, that Byzantium had been 
 founded there, had not a Raven fnatched a Part 
 of the Sacrifice, they ofFer'd upon their landing, 
 out of the Fire, and carry'd it to the Promontory 
 of the Bofporus. This they look'd upon as a Token 
 from the Gods, that they {hould found their City- 
 there. The fame Writer, fpeaking in another 
 
 Place 
 
y6 The Anticiuities 
 
 Place of a Fromontory call'd Metopum^ oppofitc 
 to the firft Hill of Conflantinople^ this Fromontor)\ 
 he adds, faces the City, and lies diredly againft 
 the Pro?nontory of the Bofporus; and the fame 
 Author informs us, that a little above the Fromon- 
 tory of the Bofporus, there was an Altar ered:ed to 
 Minerva, who was call'd Ecbafia, or EgreJJoriay 
 becaufe thofe who tranfplanted the Colony hither, 
 fally'd out from dience, with a Bravery equal to 
 thofe, who fight for their Countrey. We might 
 alio call her Echateria, under which Name, as 
 Hefychiiis reports, Diana was worfliipped in Siph- 
 mis. He adds farther, that upon the fame Pro- 
 montory ftood the old Temple o^ Neptune, and be- 
 low it, upon the Plain, that the Byzantian Youth 
 exercifed themfelves in Horfe-racing , driving the 
 Chariot ,Wreftling, and other Martial Sports j and 
 laflly, that at the Foot of the Brojnontory flood a 
 Bay call'd Ceras, which had three Havens, forti- 
 fy 'd with three Cittadels, and high Sand-banks, 
 upon it ftood the Caftle oiByxantiiun, of which 
 Xenophon takes Notice, when he tells us, that the 
 Men under his Command, having forc'd their 
 Way into the Town, the Inhabitants fearing they 
 fliould be put to the Sword if their City was 
 taken, fome fled to the adjoining Promontory, 
 others to the Sea, and that fome of them fleer- 
 ing about a long time in a Fifher-boat, made at 
 laft a landing, got into a Tower, from thence 
 made Signals of Diftrefs, and were aflifted at lafl 
 by the People of Chalcedon. And not only the 
 Caflle of old Byzantium was built upon the firft. 
 Hill, but Hiflorians affure us, that the Emperours 
 of Qonjiantinople likewife continu'd a . Fortrefa 
 
 there,, 
 
cf Constantinople. 77 
 
 there, when they tell us, that to keep off the Ene- 
 my from entring the Port, they laid a Boom acrofs 
 the River, from the Cittadel to the Caftle of Ga- 
 Jata: Nay, even at this Day, the Grand Seignor 
 has a Cittadel there, fortify 'd with thick Walls, 
 which enclofe his fpacious Gardens on all fides. 
 Li old Byzantium there was a Place call'd the 
 Thracian Field, lying upon a Level, and not in- 
 cumber'd with Houfes. It was upon this Plain 
 that Xcnopbon drew up in Military Order the Gre^ 
 cian Army. He informs us, in his Book of his 
 Helkfiici^ that this Field was near the T^hracian 
 Gate; they open'd, fays he, the Gates adjoining 
 the 'T^hracian Field : And in the 7'"^ Book of the 
 Expedition of CyruSy fpeaking of a Place, feated 
 near the Walls of Byzajitiimi, where he ranged 
 hisArmy in order of Battle, he tells us, that the mofl 
 convenient Place to draw up, or mufter an Army 
 is, the T^hracian Field ; becaufe, as he goes on, 
 'tis free of Houfes, and upon a Plain. I obferv'd 
 before, that the feven Towers oi Byzantium reach'd 
 from the T^hracian Gate to the Seaj Georgius 
 Cedriniis aflerts, that they reach'd to the Northern- 
 Sea, that is, to the Bay call'd Ceras. Herodotus 
 attefts, that in old Byzantium flood an Altar e- 
 redled to Diana Orthofia, and a Temple dedicated 
 to Bacchus. Darius^ fays he, upon viewing the 
 Black Sea^ came back to the Bridge^ and erected 
 upon the Bofporus two Stone Columns^ on which he 
 order d to be engraveji the AfTyrian a7id Greek 
 Alphabets, 'The Byzantians afterwards removed 
 them into the City, near to the Altar 0/^ Diana Or- 
 thofia. The Greek Alphabet was what they re^ 
 tai?idy and tnade uje oj. The Colimn with the Af- 
 3 fyrian 
 
78 The Anticluitiej 
 
 fyrian CharaEiers they left remaining near tJje 
 Uetnple ^Bacchus, where they had fix' d it. Lauren- 
 tius tranflates the Greek Word Orthofia, EreBa, 
 but he had tranflated it more properly, had he 
 call'd her EreBoria^ or EreBrix^ beeaufe as be- 
 ing the Goddefs of Child-birth flie raifes up, or 
 re,covers Women in Labour. This I colledt to be 
 the true Senfe of the Word, not only from feve- 
 ral Authors, but from Plutarch, who in his Book 
 o^ Rivers, has this Story: Proud Tcuthras, King 
 of Myfia, fays he, with his Retinue of Spearmen 
 chasd a Boar, which fled into the T'emple of Diana 
 Orthofia tg implore her Affiftance. As they were 
 all driving furioufly into the T'emple, the Boar 
 Crfd out with an audible human Voice , Let your 
 Compaffion, Royal Sir, be fliewn to one whom 
 Diana brought into the W^orld. Teuthras en- 
 raged at this, flew the Creature. Diana refuting 
 the Aff'rofit, threw the King into a Phrenzy, and 
 funijhed him with ulcerous Sores. He could not 
 bear the Indignity of his Punifiment, andfo retired 
 to the Mountains. His Mother Lyfippa, immedi- 
 ately, with the Prophet Polyidius, who inform d 
 her 'of the Occafion of her Sons Sufferings, haflens 
 in Search of him, and by facriflcing to Diana /ow^ 
 Oxeii, reconciles her to him. When floe perceivd 
 her Son return d to his Senfes, fl^e ereBed an Altar 
 to Diana Orthofia, and near it placed a Golden 
 Boar, with a Ma?is Head upon his Shoulders, Be- 
 fore the Deftru(5tion of Byzantium by Severus, 
 both the Altar and the Boar were flanding, in 
 the firft Valley of the firft Hill. Since Conflan- 
 flantine rebuilt the City, the firft Hill included in 
 it the firfl Ward^ which contain'd the Houfe of 
 
 Placidia 
 
(?/ C O N S TA N T I N O P L E. 79 
 
 Placidia Augujia, that alfo of the mod noble 
 Marina^ and the Baths oi Arcadiiis. I learn this 
 from the ancient Divifion of the City into IVards, 
 though I mufl confefs myfelf at a Lofs , to 
 know in what Part of the City the firit Ward 
 began, nor can I make any fuch Difcovery from 
 the Remains of any ancient Buildings, which are 
 now entirely deftroy'd. However, thus much 
 may be inferr'd from ProcopiuSy who has it upon 
 Record, that when you fail from the Propontis to 
 the Eaftern Part of the City, there ftand the 
 publick Baths, built by Arcadim. In this Place, 
 fays he, Jtijiinian built a Court, which was en- 
 compalTed with fo calm a Sea, that when you 
 walk'd in the Galleries, you might difcourfe au- 
 dibly with the Sailors. It made a very beautiful, 
 a very delightful, and moft magnificent Profpedt : 
 It was fann'd with gentle Breezes, fupported 
 with lofty Columns, and laid with the mofi: cu- 
 rious Marble, which like the Sun, reflected a 
 moil amazing Luftre: It was alfo adorn'd with 
 abundance of Marble and brazen Statues, finifh'd 
 to the nicefl Perfeftion; a lovely Scene to the 
 Spe6tators! The Reader, had he feen it, would 
 have taken it to have been the Work of Phidias, 
 Lyfppus, or Praxiteles. Upon a high Pillar of 
 Porphyry Marble, in the fame Place, flood the 
 Statue of the Emprefs Theodora, addreffing herfelf, 
 as it were, to him for building fo noble a Struc- 
 ture. , The Beauty of the Column is exceedingly 
 furprifing, yet does it by no means come up to 
 that inconceivable inexpreffible Gracefulnefs and 
 Dignity you fee in the Statue. From thefe Words 
 of Procopius, as I would obferve by the By, that 
 * that 
 
8o The Anticluities 
 
 that Pillar now {landing upon a Defcent, lying 
 Eaftward of the Grand Seignors Palace, is not 
 the fame with that upon which T'hcodora was 
 ered:ed, as fome are of Opinion it is 3 becaufe it 
 is neither of a Porphyry Colour, and is at too re- 
 mote a Diftance form the Court ; fo would I have 
 the Reader underftand, that the firil: Ward con- 
 tain'd in it the Length of the firil Hill, which 
 is bounded on three Sides by the Sea. I find not 
 only in many Hiftorians^ but alfo in Sindas the 
 Grammarian^ that the Statue oi Arcadia^ the fe- 
 cond Wife of Z^no^ flood in the Arcadian Baths, 
 near the Places call'd the Bathra^ from the Stairs 
 by which you afcend them. I find alfo in that 
 Place two Statues of Verina^ the Wife of Leo 
 Magfius^ one in the Northern Part of the City, near 
 the Church of St. y^^^te/V/^j- beyond the Eathra^ 
 the other on that Side of the City where flands 
 the Church of St. Barbara: The firfl was ered:ed 
 by heo in his Life-time, the fecond fince his Death j 
 when upon the Flight of Ze7io^ his Son in Law, 
 his Brother Bafilifcus was crown'd Emperor in his 
 ftead. I have reafon to believe, when I confider 
 the natural Situation and Order in which the 
 Wards fland, that Part of the fecond Ward was 
 inclos'd in the Palace: For this Ward, according 
 to the ancient Defcription of it, at its firfl En- 
 trance flood upon a Level; at fome Diflance it 
 rofe by a gentle Afcent, and at lafl, with very 
 deep Precipices, fell into the Sea. I am of Opi- 
 nion, that thefe Precipices defcended on that Spot 
 of Ground where the Kitchens, and Bagnio's of 
 the Grand Seignor fland at prefent. But where- 
 ever they might fland in ancient Times, all the 
 
 ileep 
 
o/ Constantinople. 8i 
 
 fteep Places that were formerly enclofed within 
 the Palace are now levell'd, where now there 
 ftands an old Church commonly call'd Sophia the 
 Lefs. Some of the molt ancient Inhabitants af- 
 firm it to be the Church of St. Irene, which So- 
 crates tells us was built by Conjiantine the Great, 
 I take it to be the fame Church which the People 
 of the fecond Ward call the Old Church. I have 
 Reafon alio to believe, that the other Part of the 
 fecond V/ard ftood without the Palace^ from the 
 Situation of the Churches and Bagnio s, which the 
 fecond Ward enclofes. For Zonaras and other 
 Hiftorians affert, that the Church, which former- 
 ly went by the Name of the Great Churchy was 
 afterwards call'd the Church of St. Sophia, which 
 every body knows ftood without the Encl6fure of 
 the Palace. I have reafon to conjedlure alfo, that 
 the Palace of Maximinus formerly ftood within 
 the Verge of the Court, from the following In- 
 fcription made in its Commendation by Cyrus, 
 once a Cojiful and Nobleman of Ro?ne. / 
 
 Great Maximinus raised this noble Pile-, 
 From hence to hengths unmeafurable I view 
 Unbounded Profpe5ts ; for behind me Jiand 
 lihe City, and Bithynia'j beauteous 'Towns. 
 The /welling Ocean rolls its Waves before me-^ 
 When near my Doors, it moves but Jlowly oji. 
 Delighted to behold the lovely Landfcape 
 OJ blooming Trees, gay Seats, aJidJwating Ships ^ 
 Ths Citys rififig Towers, and pleafmg Site. 
 
 G Chap. 
 
82 Tloe AMTia.UITIE9 
 
 Chap. IIL 
 
 Of the Church of St. Sophia. 
 
 TH E modern Writers among the Greeks will 
 have it, that the Church of St. Sophia was 
 firft built by the Emperor Conflantiiis, the Son o( 
 Confiantine the Great ^ and arch'd at Top, not with 
 Brick-work, but a wooden Roof. In the Time 
 of I'heodoji.iis, when the fecond Synod was held 
 there, the Arians riling in Sedition, burnt it. It 
 was after rebuilt by 'Theodojius the Great ^ and beau- 
 tified with Arches of a cylindrick Form. The 
 fame Writer tells us, that it was burnt a fecond 
 time in the Reign of "Jiijlinian j but Zofomen^ an 
 ancient and creditable Author, records it, that in 
 the Time of Theodojius the Lefs^ when there were 
 warm Debates in the great Church, about expel- 
 ling St. Chryfofiom the Syfiod, it was all on a fud- 
 den in a Blaze, thofe who adhered to him throw- 
 ing Fire into it, with an Intention to burn down 
 the Church, and to deftroy all that were in it. 
 Procopius will have it, that it was firft burnt down 
 in the Reign oi 'Jujlinian, who rebuilt it in the 
 fame Figure it ftands at prefentj but he does not 
 tell us, whether it ftands on the fame Spot of 
 Ground or not ; fo that it remains doubtful from 
 this Author, who is not fo much to be depended 
 upon, though he has a Catalogue of the Names 
 of the Perfons of whom Jiijli?iia?i purchas'd the 
 Houfes where it flood before the Fire. An An- 
 cient 
 
^/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L F. 83 
 
 cietit 'Defcriptlon of the City jWvoze hdoxt J ujiinia?is 
 Time, leems to fix it in another Place ; for the 
 great Church and the old Church, the Author places 
 in the fecond Ward, the Forum of Augujius in the 
 fourth, which I fhall make appear ftood near the 
 Church of St. Sophia. Zonaras fays, that fu- 
 ftinian built it much larger from the old Founda- 
 tion ; but 'tis much to be queftion'd, whether ^z/- 
 jlinian purchas'd the neighbouring Houfes for its 
 Enlargement. As to the Foriun of Augujius, and 
 the great Church's being placed in different ^^r^y, 
 we cannot from hence conclude, that they did 
 not fland near one another. So that when Ju- 
 jlinian had enlarged and beautify 'd it, and adorn- 
 ed it with a great Variety of Metal- work, when 
 he had built the Walls and Roof with Brick, and 
 to flrengthem them the more, had cramp'd them 
 in many Places with Iron- work, uiing no Rafters 
 in the whole Fabrick for fear of Fire j although 
 it has hitherto efcaped the Flames, yet has it 
 been often damaged and endanger'd by feveral Ac- 
 cidents, even from the Time of its Rebuilding. 
 For the Eaftern Arch before it was hnifh'd, bore 
 with its Weight fo hard upon the Pillars, that in 
 all Probability it had fell, had not the Archited: 
 been very expeditious in finifl:iing it j when bear- 
 ing upon its own Curvature, it laid lefs heavy up- 
 on the Pillars which fupported it. The two Nor- 
 thern and Southern Arches bore fo hard upon the 
 Pillars'and Foundation, that the Tops of the P/7- 
 lars began to fly ; and had funk, if the Workmen 
 had not with the greateft Skill taken them dow^n, 
 and afterwards replaced them, when the Green- 
 nefs and Moillure of the Building was fomewhac 
 
 G 2 abated. 
 
84 T^Jd* Antiquities 
 
 abated. The Church however, at the Emperor's 
 great Expence, and by the indefatigable Induftry 
 of the Workmen, was at laft finifli'd; yet in his 
 own Time it was grievoully Ihock'd by an Earth- 
 quake, by which, as Jlgathius writes, the Tower 
 above the Roof was much fhatter'd in the Middle 
 of it} fo that the Emperor was obhged to repair 
 and flrengthen it, raifing it much higher than it 
 was before. This was done when A?ithe?niiis the 
 firft Architect was dead. However young IJidofuSj 
 and fome other Archite6ts who fucceeded him, 
 notwithftanding the Errors committed in the for- 
 mer Building, did not judge it neceflary to take 
 down the Eaftern or Weftern Arches, but widen'd 
 the North and South Arches, and fo vifibly enlar- 
 ged them, that the whole Building feem'd more 
 regular and uniform; fo that it was evident to the 
 Eye of the Sne6taror, that tlie Sides of the Church, 
 which terminated widi their Arches in the Roof, 
 were of an equal Dimenlions and that the Archi- 
 tects had with fo much Skill contradted the vafl 
 Vacuity o^ the Body of the Church into fo nar- 
 row a Compafs at the Top, that the whole Stru- 
 fture leem'd very proportionate and agreeable. A- 
 bove the Arches, in the Middle of the Church, 
 they ra jfed a Dome or Cupola to a very great Height, 
 which was regular, and not fo round at Top as u- 
 fual, but more fpiked, and better contrived for 
 the Security of the Building. Zonaras writes. 
 That the great Church being finifl:ied and confe- 
 crated ; it happen'd that the Eaftern Arch was 
 thrown down by an Earthquake, which broke 
 the Pulpit and the Communion-Table , but was 
 after^vards rebuilt by Jiijli?iia?7j who raifed it 
 
 twenty 
 
of Const a n t i n o p l p. 85 
 
 twenty five Foot higher than it was before. The 
 ilime Report, ahnoft Word for Word, is given by 
 Cedrinus. He alfo built other Pillars proportiona- 
 ble to the Weight of the Arch which bore upon 
 them. On the Outlide of the Church he built a 
 Pair of Winding-fteps againft the Pillars, near to 
 the Church, which riling from the Ground to 
 the Roof of it, fupport the Pillars, and the 
 Arches. Other Writers , but of lefs Note , will 
 have ir, that by the Earth-quake above-mcntion'd 
 the Roof of the Church was thrown down, but 
 that the Arches flood fecure, that the Emperor 
 I rebuilt the Roof, but lower than before by twenty 
 I five Foot. I could, for my own parr, bear with 
 ! this Relation, if thefe Hiftorians would agree with 
 me, that the Church was afterwards fhock'd with 
 other Earth-quakes, and then built lower than it 
 flood before. For when Ei:agrius tells us that 
 Jiijiiman raifed it to flich an Height, that within 
 fide of it you could fcarce fee the Top, and that 
 the Defcent was fo deep, that it was dangerous 
 to look from the Height of it downwards, it is 
 very probable, that 'Jujiinian only raifed it to its 
 former Height. Cedrimis relates, that Bajilius the 
 Emperor gave Orders for repairing, and ftrength- 
 ening the great Weftein Arch, which was very 
 much fliatter'd by an Earth-quake, and likely to 
 fall. Nicephonis inveighs bitterly againfl the Em- 
 prefs Anna^ who in the Reign of Catacofmus, fa- 
 crilegioufiy robb'd the Church of all its Furniture 
 and Ornaments, and exclaims heavily, that the 
 Tyranny, Oppreffion, and the different Sects and 
 Opinions of thofe Times, were the chief Occafion 
 of the Deftrudion of this Church: For, as he fub- 
 
 G 3 joins, 
 
^6 77je Anticluities 
 
 joins, one Midnight when the Sky was very clear, 
 one of the Eaflern Arches fell to the Ground, 
 and brought that Part of the Roof, which it fup- 
 ported, after it, which broke down the Pulpit, 
 the Images which adorn'd it, and demoliflied the' 
 middle Galleries. He adds farther, that it was 
 the Opinion of many in thofe Times, that if An- 
 dronicus the Emperor had not built ButtrefTes on 
 the Eaft-fide of the Church, it had wholly funk 
 into Ruines. Evagrius determines the Length of 
 the Church in the following manner : From the 
 Arch, where the bloodlefs Sacrifice is oifer'd, to 
 the Gate oppofite to it, it is an hundred and 
 ninety Foot long; from North to South it is a 
 hundred and fifteen Foot broad; and from the 
 Pavement to the Center of the Roof, it is a hun- 
 dred and eighty Foot high. It was dangerous for 
 me to meafure its Length from Eafl; to Weft, 
 fo that I was obliged to have the Dimenfions of 
 it taken for me by a Turk , who made his Re- 
 port, that the Church was two hundred and thirteen 
 Foot in Breadth, two hundred and forty in Length, 
 and from the Pavement to the higheft Curvature 
 of the Arches, a hundred and forty two Foot in 
 Fleight. The Fellow never meafured the Roof; 
 If he had taken the Height of it true , he ha4 
 found but a fmall Difference between his own 
 Account and that of Ei'dgrius. Should the Reader 
 defire to be inform'd more at large of the Dimen- 
 fions, and the Architedlure of this Church, as it 
 ftood in former Times, let him confult ProcopiuSy 
 Jlgathha^ Pauhis Florus^ and Evagriiis. What the 
 Archite6ture and Dimenfions of it are at prefent, I 
 fhall, as far as my Cbfervations have reach'd, de-? 
 fcribe more fully in the following Chapter. 
 
 Chap. 
 
^j/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. 8 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 A Defcr'tpuon of the Church of St. Sophia, 
 as It now appears. 
 
 THE Walls and Roof of this Church are 
 built with Brick. The Infide of the Walls 
 pf the Church are incrufted with elegant Marble 
 of feveral Kinds. All its Materials are the moft 
 valuable Productions of Nature, fo that the Pro- 
 fped: of it employs the Thoughts of the Specftator 
 with Delight and Admiration. The P^oof of it is 
 a furprizing Piece of gilded Mo/^/H Work, which 
 reiied:s fuch a Luftre upon the Eye, that even the 
 Barbarians who behold it, are wonderfully taken 
 with the Sight of it. This Roof is fupported 
 with eight Pillars, four of the largefb and talleft 
 of which bear up the four Arches which fupport 
 the Roof. Two of thefe Arches, 'viz. the Nor- 
 thern and Southern, bear at the Bottom of their 
 Curvature upon a thin Wall full of Windows, 
 which Wall is itrengthen'd by two Ranges of Pil- 
 lars {landing one above another. In the lower 
 Range ftand eight Pillars, which rife from the 
 Pavement, the fix above them fupport the thin 
 Wall. The Eaftern and Weftern Arches have 
 neither a Wall nor a Pillar to fupport them, but 
 are fo open, that they make the Body of the 
 Church appear more large. For thefe Arches 
 projeding beyond the former, bear upon four o- 
 ther Arches, which are fupported by two fmall 
 
 G ^ and 
 
S8 T'he Antiquttifs, feV. 
 
 and two large Pillars : For the four large Pillars 
 do not only bear up the four great Arches, but 
 every one of them does alfo fupport two fmall 
 Arches, one of which extends itfelf length-ways, 
 the other crofs- ways of the Church j by which 
 means the Church is lengthen'd and widen'd to a 
 great Diflance ; for on the Eaft and Weft Side of 
 it there are two Semi-domes vvhich are join'd to the 
 Cupola in fuch a Manner, that they have the fame 
 Roof within the Church, though without it the 
 Roofs feem to be diftind:. Thefe Semi-domes are 
 a great Ornament to the Cupola^ which rifes very 
 highly above them. The Breadth of the Church 
 is widen'd beyond the Dofne with Arches and Pil- 
 lars, and the Northern and Southern Wall, which 
 form the three upper and three lower Galleries, 
 which are incrufted with elegant Marble of dif- 
 ferent Kinds, the Roof of them being cover'd 
 with Morefco Mofaick Work, finely gilded. Eve- 
 ly Arch wliich lies acrofs the Church bears only 
 upon one Pillar, for one End of their Curvatures 
 is fupported by the outward Wall of the Church, 
 which bears upon large Pillars, from whence there 
 rife four Arches, which on both Sides of the 
 Church are fupported by the Wall. Two of thefe 
 Arches bear up the Roof of the three lower Gal- 
 leries, and the other two fupport theRoof of the 
 three upper Galleries, the Sides of which bear 
 upon Walls, and Arches, and Pillars. Hence it 
 is, that if we confider the Infide of the Church 
 by itfelf, as enclofed by its Pillars and Columns, 
 we difcover it to be of an oval Figure j whereas 
 if we view the whole Space of it without thefe 
 Pillars, it is a perfed: Square. For the upper and 
 
 the 
 
^/Constantinople. 89 
 
 the lower Galleries, which are the Wings of the 
 Church, adjoin to it in fuch a Manner, that if 
 we meafure it from the Pavement to the Bottom 
 of the Curvature of the upper Galleries, 'tis of a 
 fquare Figure, but as contracted within the En- 
 clofure of the four large and the four fmaller Pil- 
 lars, as far as the Curvature of the four Arches 
 of the Dc?ne^ it is entirely of an oval Form. The 
 Form of the Galleries is as follows: On three 
 Sides of them they are built in a fquare Manner ; 
 The fourth Side of them, which looks into the 
 Church, is of an oval Figure, as is the Church it- 
 felf The Roofs of thefe Galleries are fupported 
 with Arches and Columns. I fhall give the Rear- 
 der a Defcription of three of them, by which 
 means he may eafily form a Judgment of the 
 reft, for they are all of one Form. Thofe I fhall 
 take Notice of, are the three upper Galleries on 
 the North Side of the Church. The firft of thefe 
 Galleries has two Fronts, and looks both Eaftward 
 and Northward. The two Sides of this Gallery 
 rife from the Wall of the Church, and end in an 
 xA.rch. In the Middle of each Side of it there are 
 three fquare Columns five Foot and nine Inches 
 in Circumference, which are made the Jambs of 
 the Windows. Thefe Pillars fupport three other 
 fquare Pillars, which are all made of blue and 
 white Marble. The Side which faces the Body 
 of the Church is adorn 'd with fix Pillars of green 
 Marble, flanding below the Arch which fupports 
 an Eaftern Sej?ii-dome, whofe Shafts at the Bot- 
 tom of them are feven Foot and eight Digits in 
 Cpmpafs. The Intercolumniations of thefe Pillars 
 being little lefs than feven Fcx3t and eleven Digits 
 
 wide, 
 
5?o The Antiq^u f TiF.s 
 
 wide, are flrcngthcii'd with Marble Clofures which 
 are four Foot high, fo that thole who lean upon 
 them, have a full View of all the upper and lower 
 Part of the Church. That Side which parts the 
 firfl and fecond Gallery, reaching from the out- 
 ward Wall Northward, to the great Pillar which 
 fupports the T>ome^ is forty four Foot in Length, 
 part of which is adorn'd with Pillars, and an Arch 
 which fupports the Dome. You pafs through 
 this into the fecond Gallery, the Breadth of which 
 is twenty four Foot, and it is made up of the 
 Arch of a Pillar, and a Wall which is a part of 
 one of the Wings of the Church, and extends it- 
 felf as far as the Roof of the Dome. This Gallery, 
 at both Ends of it , is born up by Arches and 
 Walls. In the Middle of it, it is fupported by 
 four white Pillars fpeckled with blue, the Shafts 
 of which are feven Foot in Compafs. 'Tis of a 
 fquare Figure, and, as I obferv'd, bears upon 
 Arches and Walls. Thefe Arches, at one End of 
 them, rife behind two of the large Pillars which 
 fupport the Dome-^ at the other End they bear up- 
 on Pillars which rife within Side of the Walls, 
 and fupport the four large Pillars. The outer 
 Side of this Gallery is fupported with eight fquare 
 Pillars, which are fix Foot in Compafs. There 
 rifes in the Middle of them a Pillar of a larger 
 Size. Thefe Pillars are inftead of Jambs for the 
 Windows; and above them there are other Pil- 
 lars, which are alfo Jambs to other Windows. 
 Thefe Windows, which below and above are lix- 
 teen in Number, do very much enlighten thips fe- 
 cond or Middle Gallery. The Front of this Gal- 
 lery, facing the Church, is beautified with fix 
 
 Pillars 
 
^/CONSTANTINOPLF. pi 
 
 Pillars of green Marble. The Intcrcoliimniatiom 
 of them, like thofe of the firft Gallery, have their 
 Marble Clojures at Bottom. From this middle 
 Gallery you pafs through an Arch into the third 
 Gallery, which is much like the firfl: in its 
 Length, Windows, Jambs and Pillars. The Roof 
 of it is fupported with four Pillars, and the Side 
 of it towards the Church with fix green Pil- 
 lars. There are alfo four green Marble Pillars 
 which fnpport one of the Weflern Semi-dmjes^ 
 which Hands between two other Pillars. Thefe 
 Pillars fland two and two together, and between 
 them are rais'd two lefler Pillars, made after the 
 Ionic Order. At the Weftern Door of the Churchy 
 there are inftead of a Vejiibiilu77i^ two Portico's^ 
 the lower of which lies upon a Level with the 
 Church itfelf. The upper leads to the Womens 
 Galleries. Both of them in Length the Wideneis 
 of the Church, and twenty eight Foot in Breadth. 
 The Portico over it is lituate between the Pil- 
 lars which fupport the Weflern Semi-dome and 
 the Windows. For both in the In fide and Out- 
 fide of it, 'tis fupported with eight Pillars, be- 
 tween which, the Windows both in the upper 
 and lower Galleries, caft a great Light into the 
 Church. There is nothing parts this Portico and 
 the Womens Galleries, but the Pillars which bear 
 up the Roof of the Portico-^ for the Pavement of 
 the Portico lies upon the fame Level with the 
 Pavement of the Galleries. The Infide of the 
 lower Portico is enclofed with Walls, which are 
 lined with a delectable Variety of Marble, and is 
 cover'd at Top with curious Morefco Mofaick 
 Work, very beautifully gilded. On the Eaft Side 
 
 of 
 
92 The Antiq^uities 
 
 the Portico are Doors which open into the Church ; 
 on the Weft End of it you go out at five Brafs 
 folding Doors into a Portico that ftands without 
 the Church, and from thence you pafs into a 
 Court, where there are feveral Springs coriftant- 
 ly running, to which there is a very deep De- 
 fcent by many Steps. At the Ends of theie Por- 
 tico's there are two Places of Entrance into the 
 Church, one on the Northern Side of it, and an- 
 other with fix folding Doors on the South. Thefe 
 Doors formerly were all of Brafs, at prefent three 
 only of them are fo, but curioufly wrought. The 
 Church has alfo two folding Doors on the Eaft 
 Side of it. There are alfo fome Doors in the Sides 
 of it, which were formerly open'd, but are now 
 kept fliut. The Infide of the Church is very 
 light, by reafon of the Multitude of Windows 
 about it. The high Wall, which between the 
 great Arches and the Cupola is of a circular Fi- 
 gure, let in the Light at forty Windows. The 
 Walls under the Arches are enlighten'd with twen- 
 ty fix Windows, the Middle of the Galleries with 
 thirty two, and the Ends of them with more than 
 twenty. I fliall take no Notice of the Lights of 
 the two Weftern and the four lower Galleries, 
 nor thofe of the two Semi-domes^ nor thofe of the 
 SanBtun SanBorum^ and the upper Por//V(9, which 
 I omitted to count, by reafon of the great Number 
 of them. The largefl Entrance into this Church 
 is on the Weil Side of it, where you do not afcend 
 the Pavement as formerly, and as the Pomans 
 did their Pantheon^ nor do you defcend into it by 
 five Steps. You go up to the Top of the Church 
 by four Pair of winding Stairs, not winding round 
 
 in 
 
^/ C O N S TA N T I N O P L t. 93 
 
 in the Manner of a Cockle-fliell, as Cedrinus, re- 
 ports, but turning more upon the Square, and 
 ^\'ork'(l by the Line. Thefe Stairs rife with a ve- 
 ry ealy Afcent, and are cut out of large Marble 
 Tables. Every Turning of thefe Stairs is nine- 
 teen Foot and a half high, and five Foot broad. 
 Above thefe there is another Pair of winding 
 Stairs which reach to the Top of the Church. 
 ' You muft afcend thefe when you go to the upper 
 Galleries, and Portico's. If the Reader will give 
 himfelf the Trouble to compare Vv'hatI have faid 
 of the Church of St. Sophia, with what has been 
 written by Procopius and Agathius upon that Sub- 
 jed:, he may eafily difcover, that the Ruins of 
 what was built by ^iiftinian have not been fo 
 great as the T'lirh pretend, who tell you, that 
 the Church was formerly much larger, and that 
 feveral Parts of it have been pull'd down by the 
 BarbariaJis, and that there is fcarce a tenth Part 
 of it remaining at this Day. This Story would 
 carry a Face of Probability in it, if they meant, 
 that the Palaces, the Houfes of the Priefls and the 
 Noblemen, which were built about it, had been 
 demolifli'd by Fire, and tlie Ravage of thofe Peo- 
 ple, otherwife I am convinc'd 'tis a grofs Mi- 
 ftake J for I faw every Part of the old Church 
 ftanding, mention 'd by Pr(?fcj5>/z/j', except one Pt^r- 
 tico. For whereas Procopius writes , that the 
 Church had two Portico's at each End of it, there 
 is none, remaining at prefent, but only that at the 
 Weft End. 'Tis very probable that the other 
 was thrown down by an Earthquake, and that in 
 the Room of it, the Inhabitants eredled a large 
 Lump of Building of fquare Stone, which is- nov/ 
 
 ftanding, 
 
94 ^^^ Antiq^uities 
 
 {landing, to fupport the Eafl end of the Church. 
 This Lump of Stone you would take to be a Piece 
 of a craggy Rock, though it does not feem, by 
 rcafon of the Earthquakes, to be of the fame 
 Height as it was when it was firft built, yet is it 
 as near as high, as Evagritis mentions it to be. 
 Since which, to fortify the labouring Pillars, it 
 is lengthen'd with four Walls. Thefe Walls are 
 more than twenty Foot long and eight Foot broad, 
 riling to the Height of the great Pillars, and feem, to 
 fpeak in the Terms of Architedure, to be Wings to 
 the Church, or rather Buttreffes, by which the 
 North and South Side of it are ftrengthen'd and fup- 
 ported. Both Ends of the Church, which projed: be- 
 yond the eight Pillars, extending themfelves each 
 into a Semi-dome^ and riling at Top into an arch- 
 ed Form, are yet remaining. The fame lower 
 Galleries for the Men, and the fame upper Gal- 
 leries for the Women, the whole Roof, the fame 
 Walls and Pillars, the fame Dimenlions of the 
 Church, as originally beautify 'd and adorn'd, are 
 ftill in Being. There are indeed fome Flaws in 
 the Building, occafion'd by thofe who oppofed the 
 fetting up of Images in the Church. In fliorr, 
 the whole, and every part of it, is to be i^tw at 
 prefent ; and it is defpoiled of nothing, except a 
 little of the Metal-work, which fhews itfelf in 
 great abundance through the whole Church. The 
 SaiiBum SaiiBcnun^ formerly holy and unpollu- 
 ted, into which the Prieils only were fuffer'd to 
 enter, is yet llanding, though there is nothing re- 
 maining of the Jewels and precious Stones which 
 adorn'd it, as having been plunder'd by its facri- 
 legious Enemies. That inimitable Table, given 
 
 to 
 
^/Constantinople. 95 
 
 to the Church by its Founder Jiijlmia?!^ made of 
 the different Materials of Gold, Silver, all Kinds 
 of Wood, coftly Stones, which either the Sea or 
 the whole World could produce, and which was 
 cmbellifli'd and enrich'd with infinite Offerings of 
 Emperors, Popes, Princes, and Ladies of the firfl 
 Quality ; among whom was Pulcher'ia , the 
 Daughter oi Arcadius, and Sifler o^'Theodofiusthe 
 Lefsy is at prefent defpoil'd of all its fine Deco- 
 rations. Sozomen tells us, that this Table was a 
 very beautiful and furprizing Ornament to the 
 Church, which was endow'd with very ample 
 Donations, the Mahometan Prielfs being now in 
 Poffeflion of them. They have eleven hundred 
 Shops and publick Houfes, fituate in the heft 
 Markets of the City, which pay them a conftant 
 Revenue or Rent, without any Dedu61:ions, for 
 their Maintenance and Support. 
 
 C H A P. V. 
 Of the Statues dtfcovefcl on one Side of 
 the Church of St. Sophia. 
 
 ON the Side of the Church of St. Sophia, 
 fays Stddas, were difcovered more than fe- 
 venty Statues of the Grecian Deities, the Figures 
 of the twelve Signs of the Zodiack, and no lefs 
 than eighty Statues of Chriflian Princes and Em- 
 perors, wiiich, when 'JiijVmian had commanded 
 to be placed in feveral Parts of the City, he built 
 the great Church. I could give the Reader an 
 Account of the Names of thefe Deities from an 
 I unknown 
 
c^6 The Anticluities 
 
 unknown Author, who has wrote a Treatife of 
 Confiant'moplc^ and the adjacent Countrey; but I 
 have found him faulty in fo many of his Narra- 
 tions, that I cannot depend upon his Authority. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the Pharo on the Promomory Cerns, 
 and the Manu^na. 
 
 AMmiajiiis Marcellinus writes, that there was 
 built near the Promontory Ceras^ a high 
 Watch-Tower, which was call'd Pharos^ and 
 was a Guide to the Ships at a great Diftance. 
 The Situation of this Pharos^ in all Probability, 
 was near the Church of St, Sophia. For from 
 what Part of the City could it fpread a more con- 
 venient and diffufive Light to thofe who lail'd 
 out of the Bofporus and the Propontis f Dioiiyfius 
 calls it the Bofporiafj Pro??JOJitory^ and tells us, 
 that loy the Daughter of Inachus^ provoked by 
 'Jund^ Refentment againft her, palfed over from 
 thence into Afia, The Place cali'd the Mangana 
 was their Armoury, where they kept their Ord- 
 nance. It flood in the Imperial Precin6l, or by 
 it, near the Chops of the Bofporus. The Empe- 
 ror Conjlantine^ Sur-named Monomachus^ built a 
 handfome and large Monaflery, which is alfo 
 call'd Ma?iga?ia^ in Honour of the noble Martyr 
 St. George. Alexim Comnenus^ when he was ill of 
 the Gout, was carry'd to the great Palace, which 
 flands in the Eaftern part of the City j but when 
 
 his 
 
<?/ Constantinople. 97 
 
 his Phyficians judg'd it not to be fo wholfome aa 
 Air, he was removed into the Palace of the Man^ 
 ga?ia. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of the Bagnio's of Zeuxippus and lU 
 
 Statues, 
 
 "^HESE Bagnio s were fo calPd, as Cedrinus, 
 relates, becaufe they were built in a Place, 
 where formerly had flood the Temple of 'Jupiter 
 Zeuxippus. This is faid of them by Eufebius, who 
 writes, l^kat there are fome of Opiniojj^ that the 
 fine Bathing-place ^/ Conftantinople took its Name 
 from the famous Bainter Zeuxes, 'whofe Bieces ad- 
 orn' 4 it. I colled: that it ftood near the Church 
 of St. Sophia, not only from the 'T'reatife of the 
 ancient Defcription of the City, which places them 
 both in the fame Ward, but alfo from the Fire 
 which happen'd in the Reign of Jujiinian, and 
 burnt down, as Brocopius obferves, the Church of 
 ^t. Sophia, and the adjacent Buildings, as the5^- 
 gnio of Zeuxippus, and the Houfe of Entrance be- 
 fore the Palace ; and Zonaras v/rites, that Severus 
 the Emperor join'd it to the Hippodrom, and built 
 it on the fame Spot of Ground, where formerly 
 had ftood the Temple of Jupiter. LeontiuSy a 
 more ancient and judicious Hiftorian, does not 
 join it to the Hippodrom, but makes it to ftand 
 near it, as appears by his Verfes infcrib'd over a- 
 
 H Door 
 
98 7he Antiq^uities 
 
 Door of a Houfe, fituate between the Zeuxippum 
 and the Hippodrom. 
 
 An Infcription of Leontius upon a Houfe call'd the 
 Zeuxippum and the Hippodrom. 
 
 Betiveen Zeuxippus' cool refreJIAng Bathsy 
 
 And the famd Hlppodrom'^y^bz/i' Coiirfe IJland. 
 
 Let the SpeBator, when he baths himfelf\ 
 
 Or fees the ftruggling Steed panting for Breathy 
 
 Pay a kind Vijif^ to enhanfe his Pleafures j 
 
 He'll find a hearty Wellcome at my T^able, 
 
 Or if more manly Sports his Mi?id affedisy 
 
 FraBife the rough Diverfions of the Stadia. 
 
 Cedrinus relates, that in this Bagfiio there was a 
 pleafant Variety of Profpeds of furprizing Art, 
 both in Marble and Stone-work, in Statues of 
 Brafs, and Figures of Peribns of Antiquity, who 
 feem'd to want nothing but ,a Soul to animate 
 and enliven them. Among thefe celebrated Pieces 
 of the moft exquifite Workmanfhip, was the Sta- 
 tue of old Horner^ in a thoughtful Pofture, juft 
 as he was, his Hands folded in his Breaft, his 
 Beard carelefsly hanging down, his Hair very thin 
 before , his Face wrinkled with Age, and the 
 Cares of the World j his Nofe well proportioned, 
 his Eyes iix'd in their Sockets, as is ufual with 
 blind Perfons, which he was generally look'd up- 
 on to be. Over his clofe Coat hung a looie Gar- 
 ment, and under his Feet, upon the Pedeftal of 
 the Pillar, was a Bridle in Brafs. This Place was 
 alfo beautify 'd with the brazen Statues of all thofe 
 renown'd Perfonages who had been ikmous for 
 Wifdom, Poetry, Oratory or Courage, through- 
 out 
 
(?/ Constantinople. 99 
 
 out the World, but were all deftroy'd by Fire. A- 
 mong thefe were the Statues of Deiphobus, Mf- 
 chlne:,, Demojihenes, Arijlotle^ Euripides^ Hefiod, 
 'Theocritus J Shnonides, Anaximenes^ Calchas^ Pyr- 
 rhuSj Amytiione j of Sappho, Apollo, Venus, Chry- 
 fa, 'Julius Ccsfar, Plato, Herjnaphroditus, He- 
 rinna, Terpander, Pericles, Pythagoras, Steficho- 
 rus, Democritus -, of Hercides, Aurora, Mneas^ 
 Creufa, Hclenus, Andromachus, Menelaus, Hele- 
 na, Ulyffes, Hecuba, Cajfandra, Polyxena, Ajax^ 
 Paris, and his Oemne ; of Milo, Dares and En- 
 tellus, Charidemus, Melampus, Panthous, Demo^ 
 geron, Ifoc rates, Amphiaraus, Sarpedon, Ac hi lies , 
 Mercury, Apuleius, Diana, Pherecydes, Heracli- 
 tus, Cratinus, Menander, Amphitryon, Thucydi- 
 des, Herodotus, Pindar, Xenophon, Alc?naon, Pom- 
 pey and Virgil. There were alfo many other Sta- 
 tues which have been defcrib'd in Verfe by Chri- 
 fiodorus a Poet of %j3ebes, or, as others report, a 
 Native of Coptos in Mgypt, which, were it not a 
 Work of Prolixity, I would explain to the Reader. 
 There ftood near the Bagnio call'd Zeuxippum, a 
 fmall Bath, tak^n Notice of by Leontius in the 
 following Lines : 
 
 Let not thy fiat ely Walls, O proud ZQUxippum, 
 Rejent the Meannefs of this little Bath. 
 In Heavens high Tower, near the Confiellatio?t 
 CyUrfa Major yZi/;zfi the Polar Star. 
 
 There, is nothing oi xho. Zeuxippum remaining at 
 prefent, nOr of many other fine Bagnio's, although 
 we have manylnfcriptions relating to themj as of 
 that famous one celebrated by ^^^//j/z/j, in which 
 Venus is faid to have bathed her felf ; alfo of ano- 
 
 H 2 ther 
 
loo The Antiquities 
 
 ther call'd Didymum^ in which both Sexes ufed 
 to wafh, defcrib'd in Verfe by Paidus Silentiarius, 
 and a third made memorable by an Infcription of 
 the learned heontius. Belides thefe, there was an- 
 other named Cupido^ defcrib'd by the ingenious 
 Marianm ; yet are all of them either entirely m- 
 in'd, or fo defaced by the Maho?neta?is^ that you 
 cannot difcover who built them, or to whom 
 they belong'd. 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 Of the Hofpitah of Sampfon <7,WEubuIus. 
 
 T 
 
 HE R E was built ^ as Procopius fays, a Hof- 
 pital for the Relief of poor and fick People, 
 It Idas founded in ancient 'Times by a holy MaJi, 
 ivhofe Name was Sampfon. But it did not efcape 
 the Flames, occafiond by a riotous Mob, which burnt 
 down that and the Church of St. Sophia. // was 
 rebuilt by Julian, who beautiffd and enlarged it 
 with a Multitude of f mall haridfome Apartments, 
 and afterwards ejidow'd it with a yearly Stipend, 
 for the Support and Comfort of the miferable and 
 difireffed. But the good Emperor not being cojitent 
 with this Oblation he had made to God, with the 
 Co-affiftance of his Itnperial ConfortT\itodov2., built 
 over-againfl it two other Hojpitals on the fame 
 Ground, where fonnerly flood the Houfes o/'Ifidorus 
 and Arcadius. Thus far Procopius. From whence 
 I would obferve, that the Hofpital of Sampfon was 
 not far from the Church of St. Sophia, and have 
 
 read 
 
<?/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. I O I 
 
 read in the Hiftory of an unknown Author, that 
 it flood over-againft it. I am confirm'd in this 
 Opinion by the Authority of Zonaras^ who tells 
 us in the like Manner, that there was a Fire oc- 
 cafion'd by a Faction, which burnt down the^r^^^ 
 Chujxh, that of St. Irejie, the Hofpital of Eubu- 
 lus^ the Chalca, the Bagnio of Severiis^ call'd the 
 Zeuxippum^ and many other Buildings. This is 
 farther attefted by Cedriniis^ who fpeaking of the 
 fame Fire, tells us, T^hat a great Fart of theCtty\ 
 the Churches o/'»S'/'. Sophia and St. Irene, the HoJ- 
 pitals of Sampfon a?id Eubulus, ivith thefick Peo- 
 pie inhabiti?ig the??!^ as aljb the Auguftean Gate^ 
 hoiife of theB?S\]\c'3ij the CXioXcx^ the twoVomco's, 
 as far as the Forum, the Odlogon a?id the Bagnio 
 of Zeuxippus, were dejlrofd by Fire. After I had 
 made the former Quotation from the printed 
 Works of ProcopiuSj 1 lighted by chance upon a 
 Manufcript of him, -wherein I was inform'd, that 
 the Hofpital of Sampfon ftood between the two 
 Churches of St. SoPhia and St. Irene. 
 
 C H A P. IX. 
 
 Of the Statue of Eudoxia Augufta, for 
 which St. Chryfoftom was fent into 
 Bqmfhment, 
 
 OOcRATEs and Sozomen, Writers of facred Hi- 
 ^_5 ftory, tells us, that a Silver Statue o^ Eudo- 
 xia Augtifia was ereded upon a Porphyry Pillar 
 
 H 3 on 
 
101 The Antiquities 
 
 on the South Side of the Church of St. Sophia, 
 though at fome Diftance from it, near the Senate- 
 HouJ'e. The People commonly paid their Ho- 
 mage and Acclamations to this Statue. There 
 were publick Entertainments of Dancing, and o- 
 ther mimical Geftures ad:ed before it, according 
 td a Cuftom which had long prevail'd, of paying 
 Adoration to the Images of Princes. St. Chr^/b- 
 Jiom refledling upon this Pra(5tice, as contrary to 
 the Precepts of the Chriftian Religion, publickly 
 condemn'd it in a Sertnon. Eudoxia believing her 
 felf to be clofely flruck at in that Difcourfe, ba- 
 nifh'd him. I fhould here take Notice of the M/"- 
 liarium and the Bafilica, as being ner-r the Church 
 of St. Sophia^ but then I fhall invert the Method 
 I propofed to obferve. 
 
 Chap. X. 
 
 Of thofe Parts of the City which are con- 
 tain' d in the third Ward. 
 
 TH E third Ward is difcover'd to have been 
 that Space of Ground upon which flood the 
 Hippodrom, the Houfe of Abraham BaJJa, the 
 Gate of Leo^ and the Haven which the Inhabi- 
 tants call the Caterga himena, where the Three- 
 oar'd Galleys ufed to anchor, and fo on to the 
 Top of the fecond Hill, as far as the Forum of 
 Conjiantine. I made this Obfervation, not only 
 from the Order the Wards ftand in, but alfo from 
 the Treatiie of the Defer iption of the Wards, which 
 
 fays, 
 
^/Constantinople. 103 
 
 fays, that the third JVard, at the Entrance of it, 
 is a Level Ground, but in the moft remote Part 
 of it, it defcends with too great a Declivity into 
 the Sea, and contains the Tribunal of the Fonun 
 of Conjlant'ine^ the Circus Maximiis^ the Houfe of 
 Pulcheria Angujia, the ntw Port, and the femi- 
 eircular Fortico^ made after the Figure of an old 
 Greek Sigma. 
 
 Chap. XI. 
 
 Of the Hippodrom, hs Obelifk, tts Sta- 
 tues, and Columns. 
 
 Odern Hiftorians, as Zonaras and others, 
 write, that the Hippodrom was built by 
 Severus upon his Reconciliation with the Byzaji- 
 tians. Zofimus^ a more ancient Writer tells us, 
 that it was built, and curioufly beautified by Con- 
 Jiantine the Great ^ part of which he made the 
 Temple of Cajior and Pollux, whofe Images rer 
 main'd in the Portico's of the Hippodrom down 
 to his Time j that is, 'till the Reign o£TheodoJius 
 the Lefs. In the middle of the Circo, which the 
 Greeks call the Hippodrom, there flood an Obelisk 
 made of T'hebaick Stone j but as the ancient De^ 
 J'cription of the Wards takes no Notice of it, tho' 
 it does of the Square T'hebaick Obelisk in the fifth 
 JVard, I fhould be inclin'd to believe, that the 
 Obelisk, I am fpeaking of, was overturn'd by an 
 Earth-quake, and remov'd by T'heodofms into the 
 Hippodrom, after that Treatife was wrote, if the 
 Author had not taken notice of many of Theodo^ 
 
 H 4 fius\ 
 
104 'The Antiq_uities 
 
 fim\ Works, and omitted feme Things in the 
 fVards, which he afterwards mention'd in his 
 General View of the City, 'Tis very probable, 
 that Conflantinople had more Obelisks than one. 
 As to that taken notice of in the fifth Ward^ it is 
 not now remaining. When firll I arriv'd at Con- 
 Jiantimple I faw two of them, one in the Ci?xus 
 Maximus^ another in the Imperial Precind:, {land- 
 ing on the North-fide of the firft Hill. This laft 
 was of a fquare Figure, and was erected near the 
 Houfes of the Grand Seignors Glaziers. A little 
 time after I faw it lying proftrate without the Pre- 
 cinct, and found it to be thirty five Foot in Length. 
 Each of its Sides, if I miftake not, was ^iil Foot 
 broad, and the whole was eight Yards in Compafs. 
 It was purchafed by Antonius Priohsy a Noble- 
 man of P^enice, who fent it thither, and placed it 
 in St. Stephens Market. The other is ftanding in 
 the Hippodrom to this Day. 'Tis fupported by 
 four fquare broad Pieces of Brafs, each a Foot and 
 a half high, with a Bafe and a Pedeflal of the fame 
 Height. From the Ground there rife two Steps 
 againft the Pedeftal, the lowermoft of which is a 
 Foot high, and of the fame Breadth: The upper 
 Step is two Foot high, and projects four Foot and 
 four Fingers Breadth bsyond the Pedeftal. The 
 Steps are not laid within the Pedeftal, but are 
 ioin'd to it withoutfide, as appears by the Cement. 
 Upon the Steps ftands the Pedeftal, which is every 
 way twelve Foot broad, four Foot eight Digits in 
 Height^ and projects beyond the Bafe a Foot and 
 a half: Somewhat above a Foot higher it is more 
 contraded, and does not project beyond its Bafej 
 for from the Top of the Pedeftal there's a Flu- 
 ting 
 
 
c/ Constantinople. loy 
 
 ting on the four Sides of the Obelisk which is cut 
 out of the fame Stone of which the Pedcftal is 
 made, and is a Foot and thirteen Digits high. 
 The Corners of the Top of the Pedeftal are worn, 
 and defac'd, but are repair'd by four Stones of 
 ^hebaick Porphyry Marble, each of them a Foot 
 and a half high ; for all the fluted Part of the Pe- 
 deftal that lies between thefe four angular Stones, 
 together with the upper Part of it, fupport the 
 Bafe, which is feven Foot and thirteen Digits high, 
 and projeds a Foot and a half beyond the Bottom 
 of the Shaft of the Obelisk, to the Breadth of nine 
 Foot, and as many Digits: 'Tis carv'd on all Sides, 
 as is alfo the Pedeftal, which is covered with cu- 
 rious Statues cut m Bajfo Relievo. The Sculptures 
 on the North-fide of it, ftand in two Ranges, the 
 lowermoft of which contains eighteen Statues, 
 and two Cap-ftands, which are turn'd round with 
 Iron Crows by four Men, and wind the Ropes, 
 which are drawn through Pull ies, round the Cap- 
 ftand, and fo draw the Obelisk along the Ground. 
 In the fame Range is engraved the Obelisk in an 
 upright Pofture, as it now ftands, with three Sta- 
 tues, one of which, as the Inhabitants tell you, 
 reprefents the Mafter, and the other the Servant, 
 whom he defign'd to corredl, if a third Perfon 
 had not interpofed, becaufe he had erected the 
 Obelisk in his i\bfence. In the upper Range there 
 are alfo the Figures of two Cap-ftands, with the 
 fame Number of Men working them, and labour- 
 ing with thofe below them, to drag the Obelisk. 
 The Wreaths of the Ropes in particular, are very 
 nicely cut. If the Reader could apprehend the 
 manner in which this cumberfome Pillar was e- 
 
 redted 
 
io6 The Antiq^uities 
 
 red:ed, I believe he would judge it was done the 
 way, as Marcellinus defcribes. There was nothing 
 wanting, fays he, but the Eredion of the Obelisk^ 
 the Accomplifhment of which, without the great- 
 eft Danger, could fcarcely be conceiv'd. You 
 might fee, fays he, a vail Wood of Scaffolding 
 made of tall Beams: At the Top of thcle, Vvere 
 fix'd large, and long Ropes, after the n:.anr)er of 
 Threads in a Weaver's Loomj which by their 
 Thicknefs and Clofenefs to one anc her, darkned 
 the Air. Thefe Ropes at the BoitoiTi were faft- 
 ned round the Obelisk^ which being leifurely drawn 
 into the Air, many thoufands working at the 
 Cap-ftands, was at laft fix'd upon its Bafis. I be- 
 lieve there are at prefent Engineers at Conjianti- 
 nople^ who could do the fame thing. I am in- 
 duc'd to think fo, by what I obferv'd of a Pillar 
 on the Side of the fifth Hill , which was almofl 
 equal in Magnitude to this Obelisk. I faw this 
 Pillar taken off its Bafis^ and laid upon the Ground 
 in the following manner. Round the Pillar, though 
 at fome Diftance from it, they fix'd in the Ground 
 near to one another large Poles, much taller than 
 the Pillar, at an equal Diftance from each other. 
 At the Top of thefe Poles, they laid others acrofs 
 them, which were faften'd to them in the ftrong- 
 eft manner, and to which were fix'd the Pullies, 
 through which the Ropes flipp'd, which reach 'd 
 from the Bottom of the Shaft of the Pillar to the 
 Top, and were faften'd to it: The Ropes were io 
 thick, both length-ways and crofs-ways, that at 
 fome Diftance the Scaffolding look'd like a fquare 
 Tower. There were many Cap-ftands on all Sides 
 fix'd in the Ground, which wereturn'd by infinite 
 
 Number. 
 
d?/ Constantinople. iot 
 
 Numbers of the ftrongeil Youth, till they had 
 mov'd it from its Bafis, and laid it proftrate with 
 the Earth. They afterwards laid it upon ftrong 
 Carriages, the Wheels of which were bound with 
 thick Iron, and brought it fafe to the third Hill, 
 and fet it up as an Ornament to the Mojque of So- 
 lyman the Emperor. But to return to the Obelisk ; 
 on the Wefl-fide of the Pedeftal was the follow- 
 ing Infcription in Greek: 
 
 7(5 raife this Foiir-fquare Pillar to its Height, 
 
 Ajidjix itjieddy on itsfolid Bafe^ 
 
 Great Theodofius trfdy but tryd in i^ain. 
 
 In two and thirty Days^ by Proclus' Skill, 
 
 The toiljome Work, with great Applaufe, wasjinijh^d. 
 
 And on the other Side was this Infcription in La- 
 tin, which was fomewhat defac'd, but I could 
 read it, and is as follows: 
 
 Difficilis quondam dominis parere ferenis 
 Jujfus , G? extinSlis palma?n port are Tyrannis, 
 Omnia Theodofio cedunt, jobolique perenni : 
 Ter denisfic viBiis, duobujqiie diebtis, 
 Judice Jiib Proclo, Jiiblime elatus ad aural. 
 
 On the South Side of it there are two Ranges 
 of Statues, the lowermoft of which has engrav'd 
 upon it four Chariots, two of which are drawn by 
 a Pair, and the other by four Horfes, with a Dri- 
 ver to each of them. In the upper Range are two 
 Eqiiejlrian Statues, three Footmen, three 'T'ogati, 
 two Obelisks, and four fquare Pillars. On the 
 North Side of the Baf.s are engrav'd four Ran- 
 ges of Figures , which contain" thirty five Sta- 
 tues in Gowns. On the Weft Side there are 
 
 two 
 
io8 The Antiquities 
 
 two Ranges, the loweft of which has nine Sta- 
 tues in a fupphant Pofture, making Prefents to 
 the Emperor, who ftands in the upper Range, 
 with fixteen Statues about him. The South Side 
 has two Ranges; upon the loweft are cut ten 
 Statues in Gowns, in a petitioning manner; the 
 upper contains twenty Statues, all in Gowns, ex- 
 cept four in a fighting Pofture, arm'd with Buck- 
 lers. The Eaft Side, on the loweft part of it, 
 has three Ranges; the loweft Range contains fix- 
 teen Statues of Men and Women, dancing and 
 playing upon Inftruments of Mufick; above which 
 are two Ranges more, in which appear little 
 more than the Heads, which I look upon to be 
 the Speculators. The higheft Range has twenty 
 Statues, fix of which are divided from the reft 
 by Pillars. The middle Figure holds a Crown 
 in his Hand. Upon the Bafis are four fquarc 
 Pieces of Brafs carv'd, which being plac'd in a 
 quadrilateral Figure, the whole Obelisk bears up- 
 on them. 'Tis engrav'd from Top to Bottom 
 with Mgyptian Characters. 
 
 Chap. XII. 
 Of the Coloffus. 
 
 THERE is yet ftanding, in the Middle of 
 the Hippodromj a Coloffus made of fquare 
 Stones, which was formerly (as an injudicious 
 Author writes) incrufted with Marble; but, as 
 appears by an Infcription carv'd upon its Bafis, 
 
 'twas 
 
fl/ Constantinople. 109 
 
 'twas cover'd with Plates of Brafs, cramp'd to- 
 gether with Iron, as appears not only by the 
 Holes made in the Shaft, but by thofe which 
 ftill remain in the Bafe-, where the Iron Pins 
 were faflen'd, and ftrengthen'd with melted Lead. 
 *Tis now defpoil'd of its outward beauteous Ap- 
 pearance J and difcovers only the Workmanfhip 
 of its Infide, as having felt the Effedls of the Ava- 
 rice and Rapine of the Ba'rh avians. This was 
 alfo the Fate oi \\\^Colo[fus at Rhodes^ which was 
 demolifh'd by the Hagarens in the Reign of Co?i- 
 fians^ Nephew of Heraclius, thirteen hundred 
 Years after it was erected. 'Twas purchas'd af- 
 terwards by one E?nejhius a Jew^ and the Brafs, 
 when ftrip'd off, was of fo confiderable a Weighr, 
 that it was carried off by Nine hundred Camels. 
 Upon the Bafe of the Colo([us at Cofiftantinople^ 
 are infcrib'd the following Verfesj 
 
 Famd Conftantine, Romanus' Princely So?t^ 
 (Who iDore ivith Honour the Imperial Crown) 
 I'his lofty Pile, by T'ime decaf d, repair d-y 
 And joind frefo Beauty to her Builder's Art, 
 
 This Colofj'us, at the Bafe of it, has three Steps. 
 The lowed is two Foot high, the next a Foot 
 and two Digits, and the uppermoft of the fame 
 Height. The Bafis is a fquare Marble, feven 
 Foot and three Digits high, each Side of which 
 is ten Foot and nine Inches broad. This Colo j] us 
 is taller than the Obelisk. One Day, being the 
 Fe/lival of the Circumcifion of the Prince of J5o/- 
 dama, I faw an ingenious Fellow of a Mounte- 
 bank climb to the Top of it, and come dowa 
 fate. The fame Attempt was immediately made 
 3 b/ 
 
no Tloe A N T I CLU I T I E s 
 
 by another, who made a Shift to reach the Top 
 of ir, but the Height fo dazzled and confound- 
 ed him, that, defpairing of getting down with- 
 out Hurt, he threw himfelf, with all his Might, 
 as far as he could from the CoIojfuSy to avoid the 
 Danger of being dafh'd to pieces upon the Foun- 
 dation ; fo that falling down right upon his Feet, 
 he fluck deep in the Earth, and dy'd upon the 
 Spot. 
 
 C II A P. XIII. 
 
 Offome other Columns tn the Hippodrom, 
 
 ABOUT the Middle of the Bippodrom, a- 
 mong a ftrait Range of fmall Obelisks^ 
 there ftand feven Pillars. One of which, made 
 of Arabian Marble, is feventeen Foot and eight 
 Digits in Circumference. There was ere(fled 
 upon the Top of it, by one Abraham 2. Baflia, 
 the Statue of Hercules. It was caft in Brafs, and 
 made of the Spoils which he had taken in Him- 
 gary ; but upon the Death of Abraham^ Hercu- 
 ieSy who was reported to have travell'd fo many 
 Countries, and tam'd fo many Monfters, was at 
 laft forced to fubmit, and be torn to pieces by 
 the T'lirks^ the moil inveterate Enemies to Sta- 
 tuary, and the whoh Fitruvian Artj fo that they 
 treated him in as barbarous a manner as he was 
 by DiagoraSy v/ho going into an Inn, and want- 
 ing Wood to boil his Lentils, finding a wooden 
 Statue of HerculeSf well-iiniili'd, cut it to pieces, 
 
 and 
 
^/Constantinople. hi 
 
 and threw it into the Fire, faying thefe Words; 
 O Hercules, who hafi pafsd withfo much Courage 
 through thy twelve Labours, try how thou caiijl 
 jlruggle with the thirteenth. 
 
 In the fame Range of Obelisks there ftands an- 
 other Pillar. 'TIs made of Brafs , but not flu- 
 ted, but wreath'd round with the Foldings of 
 three Serpents, like thofe we fee in great Ropes. 
 The Heads of thefe Serpents are placed in a tri- 
 angular Form , and rile very high upon the 
 Shaft of the Pillar. There are many fabulous 
 and trifling Reports among the Inhabitants, con- 
 cerning the Erection of this Pillar, which is oc- 
 cafion'd by their Ignorance of the Hiftory of 
 their Anceftors. Zojlmus, among other Hiftori- 
 ans, writes, that Cvnflantine the Great plac'd in 
 the Hippodrom the 'Tripos of Apollo, which was 
 brought from Delphos, and which had on it the 
 Image of that God. Sozomen tells us, that Con- 
 jlantine did not only place the Delphick T'ripos 
 in the Hippodrom, but alfo that celebrated Tri- 
 pos, which Faufanias the Lacedcemoniaji Gene- 
 ral, and the Cities of Greece, upon the Conclu- 
 fion of the War with the Medes, confecrated to 
 Apollo. Eufebius is more clear upon this Oc- 
 cafion, and fays, that Conllantine, in fome part 
 of Conjiantinoj^le, fee up the Image of Smintkius 
 Apollo, which was a Tide given to him; but 
 that in the Hippodrom he placed the Pythian Tri- 
 pos, round which was wreathed the Figure of 
 the Serpent P)'//?o;z; fo that it feems to me very 
 probable, that this was the fame Tripos which 
 was plac'd upon the brazen Pillar I am fpeaking 
 of at Conjlaiitinople. Herodotus writes, that the 
 
 golden 
 
112 The ANTIQ.UITIES 
 
 golden 'tripos which was at Delphos, was made 
 out of a tenth Part of the Spoils taken from 
 the Perfia?i5y and erected upon this Pillar; and 
 adds farther, that when the Perjians were routed 
 at the Battle of Platcece^ there was found a gol- 
 den T^ripoSy which was rellor'd to Apollo, and 
 fet upon a brazen Pillar, encircled with three 
 Serpents entwin'd, near an Altar. 'Tis a Miftake 
 in thofe who imagine, that this Pillar was for- 
 merly overlaid with Gold, but was plunder'd of 
 it by the I'urksy lince Paiifanias makes it appear, 
 that it was ftripp'd of its Gold long before the , 
 T^urh took Conftantimple. After the Battle of 
 Flatcecje, fays he, the Greeks made a comfjion Of- 
 fering to Apollo, which was a golden Tripos, fup- 
 ported by a brazen Serpent. The Brafs, he tells 
 us, remain'd whole in his Time, but the Gold 
 was carry'd off by the Phocean Generals. There 
 are five other Pillars in the fame Range. In 
 the Front of the Hippodrom, facing the Propontisy 
 there was a Range of feventeen Pillars of white 
 Marble ftanding, when firft I came to Conflanti- 
 nople. They ftood on the South- weft Side of the 
 Hippodrom, The Pedeflal of each of them is 
 two Foot and ten Digits high, and are all of 
 them fupported by arch'd Foundations, which 
 lye Level with the Plain of the Hippodrom, but 
 rife above Ground to the Height of fifty Foot. 
 They are all placed upon a little Wall, which 
 proied:s two Steps, or fquare Plinths, the low- 
 errnoft of which is a Foot and a Digit high; 
 the upper is a Foot and fix Digits high, and pro- 
 jects beyond the Pedeftal eight Digits. The Pe- 
 deftals of them are every way five Feet, and 
 
 ieven 
 
c/ Constantinople. 113 
 
 ieven Inches broad. ^ The loweft Projedures of 
 them, which are placed there for 'T'cj^es and other 
 Modules, are fix Digits and a half high, the up- 
 per Projectures of the fame Height; the Plinth 
 of the Cornice is eleven Digits in Thicknefs ; the 
 lower 'T'ore feven Digits and a half; the Scotia 
 four Digits; the upper 'T'cre fix Digits ; the Stone 
 which fupports the Shaft is five Digits high, and 
 the Shafts themfelves three Foot five Digits in 
 Diameter, and twenty eight Foot in Height. 
 Thefe Pillars were lately taken down, and the 
 Bafes of them removed by Order of Solyman the 
 Emperor, to build an Hofpital. I was concern'd 
 to fee them thus demolifii'd, not fo much for the 
 Ufe they were intended, but that fome of them 
 were fquared out for paving a Bagnio, and that 
 the Capitals, made after the moft exad Plans of 
 ancient Archite£fure, were cut into Rude and ill- 
 fhapen Models for covering a Bake-houfe, and 
 that the Pedejlals, and all the Entablature were 
 hewn out, it may be only to build a Wall. The 
 Shafts of the Pillars ilood at eleven Foot Diftance. 
 I obferv'd the Capitals were impair'd by reafon of 
 the great Space of Intercolumniacion. The Capi- 
 tals were finifii'd after the Corinthian Order, and 
 the T^rabeation was beautifully wrought, but was 
 not adorn'd with an Ovolo. There were Iron 
 Rings fix'd to the Architraves, upon which were 
 hung Curtains. Beyond this was another Range 
 of Pillars, which were remaining fome time after 
 the Taking of the City by the ^urks. Before it 
 was taken by the Gauls and the J^enetians, there 
 were in the Hippodrom abundance of Figures of 
 Horfes, both in Stone and Brafs. There were 
 
 I four 
 
114 The A M T I QU I T I E s 
 
 four in particular of furprizing Skill, which were 
 gilded, equal in Beauty and Workmanlhip to 
 ihofe which now f land before the Church of St. 
 Marcian 2xVenice^ which, fome fay, were brought 
 thither from Conjlantimpk. I fhall omit the Sta- 
 tues of great Numbers of Emperors and Princes, 
 which were fet up in the C'lrco. Among thefe 
 flood the Statue of the Emperor Jujiiniajt^ which 
 has been celebrated in Verfe. There were alfo the 
 Statutes of fome Eunuchs, who were moft in the 
 Interefl and Favour with their Mafters. Among 
 others, there was the Statue of Plato the Eu- 
 nuch, the Emperor's Chamberlain, who was burnt 
 to Death in the Reign of Bajilifcus. There was 
 an Infcription, according to Suidas, fix'd upon the 
 Breaft of this Statue, which ran thusj Whojbever 
 jkall remove this Statue into another Place, let him 
 be hangd. Yet was it taken out of the Church 
 of Procopius, and carry'd into the Hippodrom. I 
 have not time to take Notice of the numberleft 
 Statues of all the Combatants, Wreftlers, Chario- 
 teers , formerly placed in the Hippodrom ; of 
 which, though there is nothing remaining at 
 prefent, yet the Memory of them is ftill pre- 
 served in a fmall Poem of three hundred Ver- 
 fes, in which fome Chariot-Racers are mention'd 
 with particular Honours, . though no Notice be 
 there taken of a Perfon named 'Thomas, a Man of 
 furprizing Agility and Speed, in that kind of Ex- 
 ercife. I have feen the Fragment of a Stone at 
 Qonfiantinople with this Infcription, 0o^oi 'Hvioxa^ 
 This probably is the fame Perfon mention'd by 
 the Emperor T'heodoric, in a Letter to Faiijliis 2l. 
 Roman Prcetor, in the following Words ; Of our 
 
 Impe- 
 
<?/ Constantinople. iry 
 
 Imperial Bounty and Conf.derafion we have given 
 and granted to Thomas, the famous Chariot-Racer^ 
 a frefent Stipend to he contiiiued to him, till we 
 have farther experienced, and been fully fatisfied 
 of his wofiderful Skill in that Exercife j but ha- 
 ving now received ajfiple Tefimony of his Superio- 
 rity in that Perfonnance, and that having left his 
 Countrey, he hath ckofen vohmtarily to fettle him- 
 felf within our Dominions, we, out of our Imperial 
 Munificence , have encouraged him by a monthly 
 Salary to continue among us. He has, by his fre- 
 quent Succejjes , received the repeated Applaufes^ 
 and food high in the Favour of the People, whom 
 he has fometimes, though unfortunately, vindicated, 
 and at other times has eminently diftiiiguifh' d him- 
 felf in the Race of the Chariot. Victory fo often 
 attended him, that he was loolid upon as a Sorcerer 
 by a Set of People, who would have accounted it 
 the highefi Commendation to have been thought fo 
 themfelves, for the fame Reafons. And 'tis no Won- 
 der that Men fhould afcribe thofe Excellejicies to the 
 Power of Sorcery and Enchantment, which they 
 cannot arrive to themfelves. I'he Sight of a Cha- 
 riot-Race, in ancient I'imes, was had in the high- 
 efi Honour and Ejleem, though at prefent 'tis little 
 better than the Occafion of Buffoonry , an Lxcen- 
 tive to trifiing Difputes, an Encouragement to Ro- 
 guery and Sharping, and the cofifiafit Source of 
 Broils and parrels. Thus far the Emperor: 
 From whofe Words I would obferve, that the 
 Chariot-Racer here mention 'd, who had left Con- 
 fiantinople, probably upon fome Party Quarrels a- 
 mong the Chariot-Racers (who were therefore 
 call'd FaSiions) was alfo in Danger 2xRome^ upon 
 
 I 2 the 
 
ii6 The ANTiauiTiFs 
 
 the like Account. The Commonweahh both of 
 Rome and ConJlaJitinople have not only been often 
 harrafs'd with fuch Commotions, but the Empe- 
 rors themfelves have often fallen into the greatell 
 Danger of lofing their Government by them. But 
 all the Diverlions of the Circo are now ceafed. 
 I was concern'd to fee it defpoil'd of all its Orna- 
 ments, though the 'T'urks of late have begun to 
 build there again. I was the more concern'd, 
 becaufe, by looking cafaally upon a Medal I had 
 then in my Hand, it put me in mind oi BeUfarius 
 triumphing in the Htppodrom^ after his Vicflory 
 over the King of the Vandals^ as alfo of the Dis- 
 grace and Poverty, notwithftanding his Bravery 
 and Courage, he afterwards fell into by the Jea- 
 loufy of the Emperor. On one Side of it was 
 ftamp'd the triumphant Reception of Belifarius^ 
 and on the other this Image, with this Infcri- 
 ption, Gloria Komamriim BeUfarius. Pj'occpiui 
 writes, That there was a Gate in the Hippodrom 
 call'd the Cochlia, becaufe it had winding Stairs 
 within it. There was alfo a PaiTage, through 
 which they went to their Burial-Ground. The 
 fame Writer tells us, that in the fame Place there 
 was a Portico call'd Venetia^ from the Companies. 
 or Fa£fio?is of Chariot-Racers who ufed to alTem- 
 ble there, and who dijftinguifli'd themfelves from 
 other FaSfions or Companies^ by a Sky-colour d 
 Garment, which was called fo from the Venetians, 
 a People that particularly affed:ed that Colour. 
 'Tis very probable, that the Prafm FaBion had 
 alfo a Portico here. Thefe were another Compa- 
 ny of Charioteers, and diftinguifli'd themfelves 
 by a green Livery. The Word Prafina being 
 
 deriv'd 
 
^/Constantinople. 117 
 
 derived from t^^J^o-w in the Greeks which fignifies 
 a Leek, Nor is it unlikely, that there were other 
 Companies with Liveries of other Colours, who 
 were not promifcuouily crowded together, but 
 feated in their own Apartments in the Portico's, 
 to fee the Races. 
 
 Chap. XIV. 
 
 Of the Chnrch ^/Bacchus, the Court of 
 Hormirda, and the Hoafe ^/Juiiinian. 
 
 IT is obfervable from the Situation of the 
 Church of Bacchus and Sergius , now {land- 
 ing on the Plain between the Fropontis and the 
 Hippodroffi, that the Imperial Palace, and the 
 Houfe 'Jiiflinian lived in, before he was Empe- 
 ror, flood near it. Procopius writes, that "jufii^ 
 nian built a Church, and dedicated it to St. Peter 
 and St. Paul. It flood near the Imperial Court, 
 where formerly had flood a Palace built by Hor- 
 mifda. This, "Jujiiman made a Maniion-houie 
 for himfelf, that the Beauty and Elegancy of its 
 Building might be an Ornament to the Palace. 
 
 After he had arrived to the Imperial Dignity, 
 he built other fine Palaces about it, and near it 
 built another Church in honour of two illuflrious 
 Saints, Sergius and Bacchus. Thefe Churches 
 which are both of them equally beauriful, flood 
 on the fame Compafs of Ground, nor is there 
 any material Difference between them. They 
 fliine alike with the mofl gloffy Marble ; both are 
 
 I 3 curioufly 
 
ii8 Ttje Anticluities 
 
 curioufly gilded, and adorn 'd with the richefl Of- 
 ferings, nor is there any thing wherein they do 
 not refenrible each other, but that one is built 
 lengthways, and the other in a feniicircular man- 
 ner. They are both wonderful in their kind, and 
 are a great Ornament not only to the Palace, but 
 to the whole City: ProcopiuszMs a little farther, 
 t\i2iX.yuftinia7t chang'd the Houfe, which was 
 call'd the Houfe of Hormifda, into a more mag- 
 nificent Figure, andjoin'dit to the Palace. I am 
 of Opinion, that this Hormifda, whom he dig- 
 nifies with the Title of Prince, was the Son of a 
 King oiFerfia^ who, as Marcellinus reports, when 
 Conjlam the Son oiConJlantine came to Rojne, and 
 glorying how far he would tranfcend Hormifda 
 in his immoderate Schemes of Building, being un- 
 able to accomplifh his Deiigns, he was content, 
 he fa id, in an humble manner, only to have fuch 
 another Plorfe made as flood in the Forum oiT'ra- 
 jan. The Story coming afterwards to Hormifda s 
 Ear, he reply'd in a jocular manner, Let htm try 
 Jirfi^ if he can build a St able for him. Cedrinus ex- 
 plains more at large how near the Houfe ofju- 
 fiinian was to the Church oi Bacchus : yujiinian, 
 fays he, built the Church of Sergius a?id Bacchus, 
 which on the Sea-fde of it^ is near the Palace, and 
 built alfo another Church by it, on the fame piece of 
 Ground, on which had flood his own Houfe: In build- 
 ing thefe two Churches, and in founding a Mona- 
 fiery, which he fill' d with Men of found Learnings 
 and exemplary Converfation, he laid out his whole 
 E/late, and all he was worth, till he arrived to the 
 Imperial Dignity. There is nothing remaining at 
 prefent of the Church of Si^eter and St. Paul, 
 
 but 
 
^Constantinople. 119 
 
 but the Church of Sergius and Bacchus are yet 
 ftanding. It goes ftill under its ancient Name, 
 though the T'urks have changed it into a Mofque. 
 'Tis covered at top with a Brick Roof, and bears 
 upon eight Pilaflers; between the Pilafters there 
 are two Ranges of Pillars of the lonick Order, 
 In the lowell: Range, there are fixteen Pillars 
 which bear upon the Pavement : Six of thefe 
 Pillars are of Green Marble, and ten of white 
 ftreak*d with Red Veins. The upper Range 
 coniifts of eighteen Pillars, eight of which are 
 Green, ten White Marble, and are vein'd as 
 the other. The Capitals of the lower are ad- 
 orn'd with Ovoid s at the Bottom of them. The 
 upper part of them is cover'd with a Foliage, 
 The Volutce of the upper Range of Pillars projed: 
 from the four Angles of the Capitals , but the 
 Ovoid s projed: from the Sides of them, which 
 are alfo cover'd w^ith a Foliage of fine Work- 
 manfhip. The Architraves over the Capitals of 
 the lower Range are iiniihed with the nicefl Art. 
 There is a noble Piece of Sculpture in this Church. 
 'Twas done by Zoophorus, v/ho has carved round 
 the Church fome Greek Verfes, in the largefl 
 Charadters. The Tops of the Pilajiers are fhaded 
 with a Vineal Foliage^ intermixed with cluiler'd 
 Grapes, which denote, that the Church was de- 
 dicated to Bacchus. 
 
 1 4. Chap. 
 
120 The Antiquities 
 
 Chap. XV. 
 
 OfthePortof]\x\\xn^ <^W Sophia,- of the 
 Portico nam'd Sigma, and the Palace 
 of Sophia. 
 
 ^TEAR the Church o^ Bacchus^ flood the 
 \ Port o^'Jidian, This is plain from the 
 Account we have of the Fire, which happen'din 
 the Reign of heo the Great ^ and as Evagrius tells 
 us, began on the North-fide of the City, and de- 
 flroy'd all before it, from the BojpGrlan Port, to, 
 the old Temple ol Apollo ^ and that on theSouth- 
 lide of the City, it made the fame Havock from 
 the Port oijulia?!^ to the Houfes near the Tem- 
 ple of Concord Zonaras writes, who has de- 
 fcnbed the Devaflations of that Fire, that it 
 burnt with great Fuiy from the Bojporium to 
 the Church of St. ^ohn the Calybite ^ and on 
 the South from the Church of St. 'Tho??ias to the 
 Church of the renowned Martyrs, Sergius and 
 Bacchus. The Church of St. Tbojnas ftood near 
 the Temple of Concord. The Account which Ce^ 
 drinus gives of this Fire is, that it took its Courfe 
 round the City quite from the Northern to the 
 Southern Shore, as far as the Church of Sergius 
 and Bacchus. The Emperor Anajiafius fortified 
 the Port oijidia??, and fecured it by a flrong 
 Wall. It was afterwards called the Port of So'- 
 fhia, according to Cedrinus^ who writes, 'That ]\i- 
 Hm the Nephe^iV of Jufliniaii, built a Falace in the 
 
 fort 
 
I c/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. Ill 
 
 ! Port of Julian, ivhich he ordered to be cleanfed, 
 ' and that he commanded his own^ and the Statue of 
 Sophia his Confort to be ereBed there , and from 
 \ thence gave it the Name of the Port of Sophia. 
 I The Infcription on the Statue of Jujlin placed 
 ( here is as follows: 
 
 '• I Theodorus, PrefeB of the City, 
 Here J on the Shore ^ ere&l this lofty Statue -^ 
 It reprefcnts the Rjuperor Juftinus. 
 May his kind Prefence guard, and ever fied 
 
 s Its peaceful Infuence o'er the neighbouring Ports. 
 
 ' Procopius writes, that the Church of the Mar- 
 
 I tyr T^hecla flood near this Port, Some modern 
 
 ; Hiftorians tell us, that Belifarius fet Sail from 
 
 ! this Port, when he went to Battel againft the 
 
 Vandals. But I cannot conceive what Reafon they 
 
 have for that Opinion, unlefs it be from fome 
 
 Words of Procopius, who fays, that fiflinian 
 
 commanded the Ship, in which the General fail'd, 
 
 to be brought near the Palace, and that there £- 
 
 piphanius Bifliop of Conftantinople, as was cufto- 
 
 mary upon fuchOccafions, put up a Prayer for his 
 
 Succefs, and that then Belijariiis went off with his 
 
 Wife Antonina. There were indeed fome Palaces 
 
 near this Port, but there were alfo other Palaces 
 
 near the Bay, which was full of Havens, from 
 
 whence, at a little Djflance, flood the Houfe of 
 
 Belifarius. Siiidas confirms it, that Anaftafus 
 
 fortify 'd this Harbour, and made a Pier there; 
 
 and Zonaras attefts, that fufiin built there fome 
 
 Palaces, and call'd them the Palaces of Sophia^ 
 
 from the Name of his Conibrt, whom he paflio- 
 
 Ijately loved. yid,ny HifQ?'ians are of Opinion, 
 
 that 
 
122 The Anticluities 
 
 that thefe Palaces ftood near the Port of Sophia\ 
 but I am induced to think, both from Reafon and 
 the Authority of learned Men, that it was not fo. 
 For Zcnaras, among others , writes , that "Juftin 
 built thefe Palaces againfl: the City, and Agathius^ 
 a much ancienter Writer, and who was living at 
 the Time they were built, wrote the following 
 Infer iption, which was fix'd upon them. From 
 whence the Reader may obferve, that they were 
 not feated near the Propontis, adjoining to which 
 was the Port of Sophia^ but oppofite to the City, 
 near the Shore of the Bofporus^ where the Con* 
 tinent is divided into two Parts, 
 
 j^gathius Scholajlicus upon the Palaces of 
 Sophia. 
 
 Where the fir eight Sea divides the Continent Sy 
 'Thefe gilded Palaces the Emperor built 
 For his dear Confort, fair SophiaV Ufe, 
 The Wonders of thy Beauty, potent Rome, 
 Europe, and A(\2L, half th' extended World 
 With Pleafure view, aiidfilently admire. 
 
 The Word which in the Original Infcription is 
 wrote ^i^xica, Zonaras writes ^k^yti^. 'Tis eafy 
 to difcover from thefe Verfes, that the Palace of 
 Sophia was not feated near the Bofporus, but with- 
 out the Walls of the City, waich is attefted by 
 Cedrinus, and many other Hiftorians, in their De- 
 fcriptions of the hardFrofi, which happen'd in the 
 Reign of Leo Copronymiis, by which the Bofporin 
 was frozen fo hard, that whofoever had a mind 
 to pafs over from the FAacc of Sophia to the City, 
 or from Chryfopolis to the Church of St. Mamas^ 
 
 or 
 
^/Constantinople. 125 
 
 or repafs to Galata on the Shore of the Bofpoms, 
 ! might crofs over the Ice without the leail: Dan- 
 ger. The Port of Sophia, before it was call'd the 
 Port oiJtiUan, feems to me to be the fame, which 
 was formerly called the Neoriu?n, and which the di/z- 
 • cient Defer iption of the Wards places in the fame 
 Ward w'lih. the Hippodrom \ but whether it be one, 
 or eitherofthefe,itis nowfill'dup; orif it wasthat 
 Port which ftands Weft of the Church of Bacchus^ 
 'tis now almoft demoliih'd, and enclofed with a 
 Wall. There is only a fmall Part of it remaining, 
 r which is a ftanding Water, where the Women wafti 
 their Linnen. The People tell you, that they 
 have itt^ fome Three-Oar'd Gallies which have 
 I been funk there. 'Tis call'd at prefent by the In- 
 habitants C^/^'rg-^ limena, or the Fort of the Three- 
 Oar'd Gallies j whether it be the fame Port, which 
 is ftanding on the Eaft of the Church oiBacchus^ 
 near the Gate of the City call'd Borta Leonisy 
 which Name it took either from a Lion near 
 it, which was carved in Stone, or from the 
 Emperor Leo, who, they tell you, had a Palace 
 there, I ftiall not determine. Nicephorns, an Hi- 
 ftorian of modern Date, tells us, that an Empe- 
 ror of ConjlaJitinople, when belieged by the Peo- 
 ple of Italy, fummoned a Multitude of Smiths 
 into the Af(?r/o;z, which ran round xhtHippodrom. 
 I could never difcover at Conjiantinople the Place 
 which was called the ByBacia ; yet I cannot but 
 take Notice fi'omCedrmus, and other modern Hifto- 
 rians, that in the Place which they calledthe ByBa-- 
 aa, there was a Pillar which fupported the Statue 
 of Lfo the Emperor, the Confort oiVerina, This 
 Statue, as fome write, waseredtedby his Sifter Eu-^ 
 
 phemia^ 
 
124 ^^ Antic^uities 
 
 f hernia^ a Lady of great Wifdom and Continency, 
 near her own Houfe, where heo every Week, ufed to 
 payher a Vilit. All Perfons who laboured under 
 Afflidlions of any Kind, laid their Petitions to the 
 Emperor, upon the Steps of this Pillar. The 
 Apparitors took them up, and when the Empe- 
 ror waited upon his Sifter, they prefented them 
 to him. Budceus fays, that the PyBacia, or as 
 he calls them, the Pyjiacia, were Briefs ; though 
 I fee no Reafon why they may not alfo be called 
 Petitions. For as PySiium fignifies a Book, I do 
 not fee why FyBacium may not fignify any fmall- 
 er Writing. The Greeks at prefent generally 
 call their Letters FyBncia. In an Hiftory writ- 
 ten by an unknown Author, I have read, that 
 "Eudoxia had fet up her own Statue, made of maf- 
 fy Silver, in a Place called the PyBacium. If the 
 Author be not miftaken, I fliould take this to be 
 the fame Statue which flood near the Church of 
 St. Sophia, by which, as I have fhewn before, ftood 
 the Statue of Eudoxia. I have feen a fmall I'rea- 
 tife o{ Conjiantimple, which fays, that Confiantine 
 , the Gr^'^/ built a Church to St. Euphemia, near 
 the Hippodromy which was afterwards turned in- 
 to an Armory by Conjtantine, furnamed Coprony- 
 mils, a profefled Adverfary to Images in Church- 
 es, and who caft the Reliques of St. Euphemia in- 
 to the Sea. Suidas writes, that the Statue of 
 Euphemia (the Confort of the Emperor Jtijiiny 
 who was a 'Thracian) was placed in the Church 
 of St. Euphemia, which flie her felf had built. 
 Some modern Writers fay, that in the Time of 
 BafJius the Emperor, there was a great Earth- 
 quake which overturned the Church of St. Poly- 
 
 clete^ 
 
^/Constantinople. 125 
 
 clefe^ and killed all that were In it ; and that from 
 that Time it was called Sigma. I am more in- 
 clined to believe, that it took its Name from a 
 Portico fo called, many Ages before this Earth- 
 quake, becaufe it was built after the Similitude of 
 tlie Letter Sigma^ and is placed in the antient 
 Defcriptio?2 of Conjlantiiiople^ in the fame Ward 
 with the Hippodrom. Cedrinus feems to take No- 
 tice of this Place. 'T'hey dragged, fays he, Mi- 
 chael the Emperor in his Monks Habit, by the 
 Heels, out of the Monafiery (^/"Studius, through the 
 Market, and leading him beyond the Monafiery 
 called Periblepton, in a Place called Sigma, they 
 put out both his Eyes. The fame Author tells us, 
 that Bafiliiis the Emperor, a Native of Macedon^ 
 rebuilt from the Foundations, a Church to the 
 Honour of the Blejj'ed Virgin, which was called 
 Sigma. Chryfaphius Zo?nas, an Eunuch, fet up 
 the Statue of T^heodojius the Lefs, in a Place cal- 
 led Sigma. Some Writers affirm, that Conlian^ 
 tine the Great built a Church to St. Stephen, in 
 a Place called Sigma. The Sigma therefore here 
 intended, muft needs be another Place in the Ci- 
 ty, diftind from that which I obferved was in 
 the third Ward, and ought to be written with 
 the Letter e, as Segma-, by Reafon, as I hinted 
 juft now, that the Fall of the Church of St. Po^ 
 lyclete by an Earthquake, crufhed to Death all 
 that were in it. 
 
 Chap. 
 
ii6 Tloe Anticluities 
 
 Chap. XVI. 
 Of the Fourth Ward. 
 
 IF the Miltarium Aiireiim had been now in 
 Being, or the People of Conftantittople had 
 preferved the Memory of its Situation, we might 
 eafily difcover, from the antient Defcription of the 
 Wards^ (which tells us, that the fourth Ward ex- 
 tended it felf, the Hills riling on the Right and 
 Left, from the Miliaj'iwn Aureum to a plain le- 
 vel Ground) that it was in the iirfl Valley, or on 
 the Ridge of the Hill that arifes juft above it. Nor 
 could we have failed to make the like Difcovery 
 from the Remains of the Auguftceum^ the Bajilicay 
 the Nymphatimy and other fine Buildings, had they 
 not been entirely buried in their own Ruins. But 
 lince no Obfervations at prefent can be made that 
 Way, I was in Sufpenfe, whether or no the Val- 
 ley, where the fourth Ward flood, was not the 
 fame Valley which I had defcribed at the firft; 
 becaufe it is common to other Vales, to have 
 Hills rifing on the right and left. And when 1 
 had fufficiently inftrufted my felf from the Wri- 
 tings and Hiftories of learned Men, what Monu- 
 ments of Antiquity had formerly been in the 
 fourth Wardj and where they had flood, I was 
 foon fenfible that the fourth Ward flood in the 
 firfl Valley, and on the Sides of it, and on the 
 Hill near to the Church of St. Sophia^ as the 
 
 Reader 
 
^/Constantinople. 127 
 
 Reader will perceive from the following Hi- 
 ftory. 
 
 Chap. XVIL 
 
 Of the Forum called the Augufl^um, of 
 the Pillar of Theodofius, ^;^^ Juftini- 
 an, and the Senate-Houfe. 
 
 PRocopitis writes, that the Forum which wag 
 formerly called the Auguftceum^ was fur- 
 rounded with Pillars, and was lituate before the 
 Imperial Palace. Not only the Forum is at pre- 
 fent quite defaced, but the very Name of it is loft, 
 and the whole Ground where it ftood is built up- 
 on. The Palace is entirely in Ruines, yet I col- 
 led: from the Fedejlal of a Pillar of Jujiinian 
 lately ftanding, but now removed by the Turks^ 
 which Procopius fays was built by Jujiinian in 
 the Augiijiaum, and Zonaras in the Court before 
 the Church of Sophia, that the Augufiaiim ftood 
 where there is now a Fountain, at the Weft End 
 ' of the Church of St. Sophia. Suidas fays, that 
 Jujiinian, after he had built the Church of St. 
 Sophia, cleanfed the Court, and paved it with 
 Marble, and that it was formerly called the Fo" 
 rum Augujlceum-, and adds, that he ered:ed his 
 own Statue there. Procopius writes, T'haf there 
 was a certain Forum facing the Senate Houfe^ 
 which was called by the Citizens the Auguftaeum ; 
 where are Jeven Stones, Jo cemented together in a 
 ^ quadran^ 
 
ii8 The Antiquities 
 
 quadrangular Manner^ and are Jo contradfed one 
 within another^ the upper within the lower Stofie, 
 that a Man tnay conveniently Jit down upon every 
 ProjeBure of thejn. I was more induced to give 
 this Account from Procopiiis, of tlie Pedeftal, be- 
 caufe I do not find it in his printed Works. Up- 
 on the Top of it, fays he, there's erected a large 
 Pillar, compofed of many Stones covered with 
 Brafs, which did at once both ftrengthen and ad- 
 orn them. The Plates of Brafs did not refledt 
 "fo ftrong a Luftre as pure Gold, yet was it, in 
 Value, little inferior to Silver. On the Top of 
 the Statue was fet a large Horfe in Brafs, facing 
 the Eaft, which indeed afforded a noble Pro- 
 fped:. He feemed to be in a marching Poflure, 
 and ftruggling for Speed. His near Foot before 
 was curvated, as though he would paw the 
 Ground ; his oif Foot was fixed to the Pedeftal^ 
 and his hind Feet were fo contracted, as though 
 he was prepared to be gone. Upon the Horfe 
 was placed the Statue of the Emperor. 'Twas 
 made of Brafs, large like a Colo[fus^ drefs'd in a 
 warlike Habit like Achilles^ with Sandals on his 
 Feet, and armed with a Coat of Mail, and a fhi- 
 ning Helmet. He looked Eaftward, and feemed 
 to be marching againfh the Perjians. In his left 
 Hand he bore a Globe, devifed to fignify his uni- 
 verfal Power over the whole World. On the Top 
 of it was fixed a Crofs, to which he attributed all 
 his Succelfes in War, and his Acceffion to the Im- 
 perial Dignity. His right Hand was fttretched to 
 the Eaft, and by pointing with his Fingers, he 
 feemed to forbid the barbarous Nations to ap- 
 proach nearer, but to ftand off at their Peril. 
 
 Tzetzes, 
 
^/Constantinople. 129 
 
 Tzetzes, in his Various Hi/iory^ defcribes what 
 kind of Helmet he had upon his Head. The 
 Periians, fays he, generally wore a T^urhant ufon 
 the Head. V/hen the Romans cbtained any ViSlo- 
 ry over them, they plundered them of thej'e 'Tur- 
 bants, 'which they f laced upon their own Heads, 
 T^hey are, iays he, of the J'a??ie Shape with that, 
 'with ^'hich the Statue ^' Juftinian, ereBed upon a 
 large Pillar, is crowned. Cedrifiiis relates, that 
 yujiijiianhdd. the Globe in his Silver Hand. Zo- 
 naras writes, that fujiinian, in the revenieenth 
 Year of his Reign, let up this Pillar, in the lame 
 Place, where formerly had flood another Pillar 
 of 'Thecdofius the Great, bearing his Statue in Sil- 
 ver, made at the Ex pence of his Son Arcadiiis, 
 which weighed {tvzn Thoufand four Hundred 
 Pounds. When fufiinian had demoliflied the 
 Statue and the Pillar, he flripped it of a vaft 
 Quantity of Lead, of which he made Pipes for 
 AqueduBs, which brought the Water into the 
 City. This ill Treatment of T^heodofus by fujli- 
 nian, was revenged upon him by the Earbaria?is-y 
 for they ufed his Pillar in the fame Manner, and 
 flripped it of the Statue, the Horfe, andtheBrafs 
 wherewith it was covered, fo that it was only a 
 bare Column for fome Years, About thirty Years 
 ago the whole Shaft v/as taken down to the Pe- 
 defial, and that, about a Year fince, was demo- 
 lifhed down to the Bafis, from whence I obferved 
 a Spring to fpout up with Pipes, into a large Ci- 
 flern. At prefent there ftands in the fame Place 
 a W'ater-Koufe, and the Pipes are enlarged. I 
 lately faw the Equeftrian Statue of fujiinian, 
 erected upon the Pillar which flood here, and 
 
 K which 
 
130 The Antiquities 
 
 which had been preferved a long Time In the Im- 
 perial Precind, carried into the melting Houfes, 
 where they caft their Ordnance. Among the 
 Fragments were the Leg of 'Juflinian^ which ex- 
 ceeded my Height, and his Nofe, which was a- 
 bove nine Inches long. I dared not publickly 
 meafure the Horfe's Legs, as they lay upon the 
 Ground, but privately meafured one of the Hoofs, 
 and found it to be nine Inches in Height. Sut- 
 daSy and fome modern Hiflorians affure us, that 
 it was called the Forum Augiijieum^ becaufe the 
 Cur at ores J and Sebaftophori^ on the fifteenth Day 
 oiOBober^ ufed to dance in the Market Place 
 there, in Honour of Auguftus\ or becaufe the 
 Statues of Conjiantine, and his Mother Helenay 
 were fet up in an arched Gallery which flood 
 here. Zofjmus, a more antient Hiftorian than 
 Procopius, aflerts, that Conjiantine built a round 
 Marker, with four Portico's^ two in a Row, a- 
 bove each other; and that he roofed two of them 
 with Proconnefian Marble, that you might pais 
 from them unto the Portico of Severus, and from 
 thence beyond the Bounds of the antient City j 
 and adds, that this Market flood in a Place, to 
 which there was a PafTage thro' a Landgate ad- 
 jacent. This is the fame Market which is inten- 
 ded by the unknown Author of the Htjlory of 
 Cojijiantinopky where he tells us, that Conjlan- 
 tine built a Market in a circular Manner. The 
 fame Author tells us. in another Place, that when 
 he was at Confiantinople^ Conjiantine had furroun- 
 ded the great Forum with four Portico % and pla- 
 ced at both Ends of one of them, which you a- 
 fcend by many Steps, two Statues : At one En4 
 
 was 
 
<:/ Constantinople. 131 
 
 Was placed the Statue o^ Rfjea^ the Mother of the; 
 Gods, (the fame Statue, which thofe who failed 
 with J^Jon, placed on Mount Dindymusj riling 
 above the City of Cyziciis. They tell you, that 
 for her Negled: in paying divine Worfhip to the 
 Gods, the Statue was defaced ; and that her 
 Hands, which before held the Reins of two Ly- 
 ons which ftood before her, were changed into a 
 petitioning Pofliure. This Statue at the fame 
 Time faced and adorned the City. At the other 
 End of the Politico he placed the Fortune of the 
 City, though Suidas relates, that the Fortune of 
 the City flood in a Nich of the Miliarium, If 
 this Statue was fet up here by Conjiantine^ I fhould 
 think, that both the Markets mentioned by Zoji- 
 niiis are one and the fame. But to me they feem 
 to be different; becaufe Zofimm tells us in one 
 Place, that Conjtanttne built a Market with two 
 Portico's round it, and afterwards, that he built 
 a Market with four Portico?, round it -, unlefs he 
 reckons in the Account, the Portico s of Severus 
 and Conftantine^ from whence there was a free 
 Entrance into other Portico s. On the Eaft Side 
 oi iho. Forum Augujieunty Procopi us writes ^ that 
 Jujiinian built a large Court, where the Senate 
 ufed to affemble, and celebrate an Anniverfary 
 Feflival every new Year. Before the Senate- 
 Houfe ftand lix Columns, two of which fupport 
 the Weflern Wall, in the Middle of it. The 
 other four fland at a little Diflance from it. Thefe 
 Pillars are all of white Marble, and I look upon 
 them to be the largefl in the World. The other 
 fix fupport a Portico^ which runs round the Top 
 of a large Building. The upper Part of the Por^ 
 
 K 3 tico 
 
f 
 
 132 The A N T I CLU I T T E s 
 
 tico is adorned with Marble elegantly variegated, 
 and equal to that of the Columns, and is furnifh- 
 ed with an infinite Variety of curious Statues. I 
 am of Opinion, that j'uftiniaji did not build this 
 Senate-Hoiife^ bur that he rebuilt the old SenoAe^ 
 Houfe^ which was burnt down by the Fire, which 
 confumcd the Church of St. Sophia, and the 
 Baths of Zeuxippiis. For Sozomen writes, that 
 Conjiantine the Great built the Great Council- 
 Hall, wh.ich was called the Senate-Houje^ and 
 ordered it to be held in equal Dignity, and ho- 
 noured it with the fame publick Celebration of 
 the Feaft of the Calends^ with that of antient 
 Home. He tells us where this great Court flood, 
 when he writes, that the filver Statue of Eudoxia \ 
 Augnjla was placed upon a Porphyry Pillar, on 
 the South Side of the Church of St. Sophia, be- j 
 yond the high Pulpit, which faces the Senate- 
 Hoiife. Socrates tells us, that it was neither erec- 
 ted near, nor at any confiderable Diftance from 
 the Church of St. Sophia, but beyond the broad 
 Way, as Suidas obferves, which runs between 
 them both. In the Ti'ribunal of the Palace, fays 
 he, flood the Pillar 19/' Eudoxia, the Wife o/'The- 
 odolius. TheTreatife o/'//?^ antient Defcription 
 of the Wards places the Senate-Houfe, the Tribu- 
 nal with Porphyry Steps, and the Baflica, all in 
 the fame Ward. Sozomen clearly points out the 
 Situation of the Senate-Houfe, where he fays, 
 that when a Tumult arofe concerning the Expul- 
 fion of St, Chryfilhrn, the great Church was all 
 on a fudden in a Blaze, which burnt down the 
 Buildings upon the Walks, and the Great Senate^ 
 Houfe, lying to the South of them. There are 
 
 feme 
 
^/Constantinople. 133 
 
 fome Remains of the Walls of the Senate-Houfe 
 fliill landing, foutherly of the Church of St. ^0- 
 I phia, beyond the Way that leads from the Impe- 
 rial Gate to the Forum of Conjiantine. 
 
 Chap. XVIII. 
 
 Of the Imperial Palace^ the Bafilica ,• of 
 the Palace of Con ftan tine, and the 
 , Honfe of Entrayice nam' d Chalc a, 
 
 NO T far from the Fonijn Aiigufieum^ as Fro- 
 copius writeSj flood a Palace, the Stately- 
 nefs and Magnificence of which the Reader may 
 eafily guefs at from the Defcription he gives of the 
 Veftibulum^ or the Houfe of Entrance into ir. 
 This Veftibuliini is call'd the Chalca ^ which is 
 made after this Manner. There are four ftrait 
 Walls carried up to a great Height in a quadran- 
 gular Figure, from each Angle of which there 
 projeds a Stone Building curiouily finifli'd, which 
 rifes with the Wall from Top to Bottom, no ways 
 intercepting the beauteous Profped: before you, 
 but feeming rather to add to the Pleafure and A- 
 greeabienefs of it. Above this Building are raifed 
 eight Arches, fup porting the Roof, which rifes 
 into a globular Height mofl: beautifully adorn'd. 
 The Roof of it is not fiirnifh'd with fine Faint- 
 ings, but fhines with Mcfaick Work oi all fqrts of 
 Colours, in the feveral Figures of Men, and o- 
 ther Kinds of Creatures. The Hiftoiian at large 
 
 K 3 has 
 
134 "^^^ Antio^uities 
 
 has explain'd the Defigns, which are the Scenes 
 of War, of Battles, and the Surrender of many 
 Towns, both in Africa and Italy. Among oiher 
 Curiofities are defcrib'd the Vi(5lories of ^ufiiman 
 under his General Belifari us , and his triumphant 
 Return to the Emperor. The Courage and Chear- 
 fulnefs of his Army is exprefled in a Hvely Man- 
 ner. The General is figured in an humble Po- 
 flure, as making an Offering to him of all the 
 Kings, the Kingdoms, and other rich Spoils he 
 had taken from the Enemy. In the Middle of 
 the Work is reprefented the Emperor and his Em- 
 prefs T'beodora in a pleafant gay Humour, cele- 
 brating a Feftival in Honour of his Victory over 
 the Goths and Vandals, and bringing great Num- 
 bers of Captives before him. The whole Senate 
 is defcribed round them, joining in the Celebra- 
 tion. They all look chearful and miCrry, fmil- 
 ing, and highly pleafed with the Honour they 
 have to attend the Emperor on fo important aa 
 Occafion. I would here obferve, that as Papi^ 
 nius in his Syhce calls the Bafilica of Paulus, the 
 Palace of Paidus, fo the Houfe, which Procopius 
 calls Bcta-iAefof, went by the Name both of the5^- 
 Jilica and the Palace. And I am confirm'd in this 
 Opinion from Cedri7ms, who fays. That the Fire 
 which happen'd in the Reign of Jujimian, burnt 
 down the Porch, or Houfe of Entrance into the 
 Bafilica^ the Bajilica itfelf, and the brazen Cover- 
 ing of the Palace of Confiantine the Greats which 
 from that Time to this Day, is call'd the Chalca^ 
 bccauie it is cover'd with Plates of Brafs gilded. 
 What Cedrinus calls the Bajilica, Procopius, in his 
 Book J^e Mdif.JuJiimani^ calls to, BxxiAeia, when 
 
 fpeaking 
 
^/Constantinople. 135- 
 
 fpeaking of the Fire above-mention 'd, he tells us. 
 That it confumed the Gate-houfes t^v Bctc-iAet^i/, 
 and that in particular which was call'd Chalca : 
 The fame Writer adds a little lower, that the 
 Emperor commanded Belifarius to go to the Chal- 
 ca, and the other Houfes of Entrance feated by 
 it. From which Words it is obfervable, that Pr^ 
 €opius feems to believe, that there were other 
 Houfes of Entrance into the Palace, though in 
 the Beginning of this Chapter he mentions only 
 the Chalca. It is my Opinion, that the Houfe 
 where the Emperor dwelt was firfl call'd the Ba~ 
 Jilica; that afterwards, when the great Houfes, 
 where the Merchants alTembled for Trade and 
 Commerce, were call'd BafJica, the Emperor's 
 Houfe was call'd ^xa-iX^ov ; and, at lail:, the Pa- 
 lace. If there was any Difference between the 
 BafJica and the Palace, yet the Bafdica was either 
 a part of the Palace, or built near to it, as the 
 Reader may fee in the Ancient Defcription of the 
 WardSj which places the Augujleiim and the Ba- 
 Jilica in the fame Ward. As this T-reatife takes 
 no Notice in this Ward either of a Palace or a 
 Court, but only of a Bafillca^ ii: feems to intimate, 
 that the Bajilica was the Palace itfelf. But whe- 
 ther the Bafilica was within or without the Pa- 
 lace, it is certain it was near it, becaufe they were 
 both deftroy'd by Fire, by reafon of their Vicini- 
 ty to one another; and tlie Rules 01 Architecture 
 prefcribe, that it be built near a Market, which 
 is always near the Palace ; and that it be built 
 warm, that the Merchants may manage their Bu- 
 finefs there in Winter Tim.e, v/ithout any Mcle- 
 ftation from the Severity of the Weather. Ju- 
 
 K 4. lius 
 
1^6 7%e Antiquities 
 
 lius Pollux is of the fame Opinion, who fays, 
 That the Stadia, the Hippodrome the Senate- 
 Houfe, the Forum, the Court, the Imperial Portico^ 
 and the liribunal, ought to ftand near the The- 
 atre. Cedrinus writes, that the beautiful Stru- 
 cture of the Chalca was built by one /Etherius si 
 famous Architect, by the Command of the wife 
 Emperor Anajiafius^ as appears from a Greek In- 
 fcription upon it, which runs thus : 
 
 Upon a Building in the Palace, call'd Chalca, 
 
 I ajn the Palace of famd Anaftafius 
 
 ^he Scourge of Tyrants \ none fiirpajjes me. 
 
 In Beauty, and in wonderful Co?itriva?ice. 
 
 When the Surveyors viewed my mighty Bulk, 
 
 My Height , my Length, andtny extenfive Breadth-, 
 
 "Twas thought beyond the Reach of hu?nan Power 
 
 To roof at Top my widely gaping Walls. 
 
 But young ^Etherius, ancient in his Art, 
 
 This Building finijk'd, and an Offering made 
 
 To our good Emperor. 
 
 Not Italy, with all its Glory fiews 
 
 A Structure fo 77ia,gnificcnt and great'. 
 
 Not the proud Capitol of a?icie72tKomQ 
 
 With all its gilded Roofs can rival me. \ 
 
 The coflly Galleries o/'Pergamus, 
 
 Ruffinus' Walks, a7id ft ate ly Vox ncos 
 
 Crowded with Art, and marbled Images 
 
 Submit to my fuperiorWorkmanJIoip. 
 
 Not the fanid Temple, which at Cyzico, 
 
 By Adrian built, Jiands on a lofty Rock, 
 
 Nor iEgyptV cojfly Pyramids, fior at Rhodes 
 
 The mighty Colofle equal me in Greatnefs, 
 
 When ?nv good Emperor, in hojiile Manner, 
 
 §luelU 
 
^/Constantinople. 137 
 
 ^leird the Ifaurian FaBion, thus he raiid me 
 In Honour of Auvov^y and the JVi fids. 
 
 Some modern Hiftorians will have it, that Co?i- 
 fiantlne the Great firil: built the Palace of Chalca, 
 I fliould be inclinable to dilbelieve them, but that 
 I am induced to think it was fo, when I obferv'd 
 the brazen Tyles gilded with Gold, refembling 
 thofe of the Capitol^ and a Forum of Old Rome, 
 whole Buildings Confiantine was proud to imitate, 
 as near as he could. I could never learn, who 
 it was who remov'd the Tyles of the Chalca ; 
 though it is not improbable, but that they were 
 fpoiled by the Fire. 'Tis related by Procopius, 
 that Genferic plunder'd half the Roman Capitol of 
 the gilded Plates of Brafs that cover 'd it, and that 
 Confiantine the T'hird^ the Nephew of HeracliuSy 
 carry 'd off the Silver Plates which were laid over 
 the Pa?itheon. At a fmall Diftance (on the South- 
 weft Side of the Church of St. Sophia) from the 
 Water-Pipes of an AqueduSf vunmng from a Con- 
 duit fituate in the Forum Augujleum, where was 
 eredled the Pillar of yiijlinlan^ are ftill remaining 
 feven Corinthian Pillars, on the Shaft of one of 
 which is cut the Name of Confiantine^ with the 
 Signal of the Crofs he faw in the Heavens, with 
 this Infcription, ovr^-.u) viica. The Ba/isznd Shaft 
 of thefe Pillars are buried, at the Bottom of them, 
 under Ground, to the Depth of lix Foot, v/hich 
 I difcover'd, when I cafually fell into the Foun- 
 dation- of the Walls, which were built between 
 'them. I could not fee the Plinth of the Ba/e of 
 any of them, becaufe it was cover'd with Earth j 
 yet I perceiv'd the lowermoll Tore, which was 
 
 eight 
 
138 The Antiquities 
 
 eight Digits in Thicknefs, and feven in Height 
 The Stone at the Bottom of the ^haft was nine 
 Inches broad. Every Pillar is thirty Foot and fix 
 Digits high : In fhort, the whole Pillar^ Capital 
 and Pedejlal, is about forty fix Foot and a half in 
 Height. The Bottom of the Shaft, which I mea- 
 fured juft above the Stone it bears upon, is eigh- 
 teen Foot in Circumference. The Pillars ftand at 
 the Diftance of twenty Foot and ten Digits from 
 each other. The Inhabitants fay, that thefe Pil- 
 lars flood within the Palace oiConjlantine-, others 
 fay, that they formerly fupported a Bridge, over 
 which you paffed, as you went from the Palace 
 to the Church of St Sophia. But there is nothing 
 of Truth in either of thefe Opinions ^ for 'tis plain 
 from what I obferved before, that they flood in 
 the Forum Augufteum. So that I am inclined to 
 believe, that they fupported the Arches of the 
 Portico' Sj in which the Statues of Confiantijie the 
 Great, his Mother Helena, and other Statues were 
 placed. From what I have faid, the Reader may 
 trace the Beauty and Grandeur of the Palaces at. 
 Conjlantinople, as well as from Zojimus, who fays, 
 that Conjiantine built fome Palaces at Conjiantino- 
 fky little inferior to thofe of Rome. Eujebius re- 
 ports, that he illuflratcd and adorn'd New RomCy 
 and the Imperial Palace, in other refpeds, be- 
 fides thofe I have mention'd, but that in the finefl 
 Buildings of his Palace, and in the Middle of all 
 his gilded Roofs, he fix'd a Crofs fet with feveral 
 Kinds of the richeft Jewels, fhining with maffy 
 Gold ; intimating thereby, that he look'd upon 
 the Crofs as the Defence and Bulwark of his Go- 
 vernment. St. Jerofne tells us, l^hat he jlripfd 
 
 almojl 
 
<?/ C O K S T A N T I N O P L E. I 3 9 
 
 aJmoJl every City of its Curiofities and Ornamejits^ 
 to adorn his New Rome. Eiifehius alfo mentions 
 the Sratues of the Mitfes^ which he caufed to be 
 fix'd up in his Palace. Sozomen writes, that by 
 the Command of Conjiantine^ all that was valua- 
 ble in the Temples of the Ancients under his Go- 
 vernment, and all the brazen Statues of the 
 niceftWorkmanfhip were brought to Conjiantim- 
 flt\ to beautify the City ; which, he tells us, re- 
 ma In'd in the publick Ways^ in the Hippodrome 
 and in the Palace, down to his Time. But not 
 only Conjlantine the Great^ but many other Em^ 
 perors of Conjlantinople ravaged the whole World 
 for the Decoration of this City. Among thefe 
 was Co'njlantine the 'T'hird^ the Nephew of Hera- 
 clius, who plunder 'd ancieiitRome of all its brazen 
 and Marble Statues, fhip'd off all the coftly Fur- 
 niture of their Temples, and made more Havock 
 there in the Space of feven Days, than the bar- 
 barous Nations did in the Space of two hundred 
 and fifty Years j for fo many Years was the Rofnan 
 Empire in its Decleniion before that general Pil- 
 lage. Ior?iandes y no indifferent Writer of the 
 Getick Hiftory, reports. That 'Tbeodorick PrefcSi 
 of Confiantinople was adopted, and made Conful 
 by the Emperor Zeno^ who honour'd him with an 
 Equejirian Statue, which was eredled before the 
 Palace. 'Tzetzes, in his various Hijiory^ tells us, 
 that even in his Time, the Head oi Apollo^ made 
 by Phidias in the Likenefs of the Sun, remain'd in 
 the Paiace. Suidas relates, that the Statue ofPul- 
 cheria, the Daughter of Arcadius^ was placed in 
 the Chalca^ near the Walks oi Ariadne the firft 
 Wife of Ze?Wi and that the Statues oiZeno himfelf 
 
 wera 
 
140 The Antiquities 
 
 were fetup in the Imperial Gate-houfe of CWc^?; 
 as were alio two other Statues on foot,ere6ted upon 
 a fmall Pillar, with Elegies infcrib'd upon them, 
 compofed by Secundus the Philofopher. I have 
 {ttn in the Hiftory of no creditable Author, tho' 
 well known to the People of Conflantimple^ that 
 yujiinian erefted on the left Side of the Chalca^ 
 feven Statues in Honour of his Relations, fpnie of 
 Brafs, and fome of Marble, and that he had alfo 
 fet up two Horfes in the Nich before the Chalca^ 
 as alfo fome gilded Heads of Women, in the 
 frightful Likenefs of Medufa ; I could mention 
 others, but that I do not much depend upon the 
 Authority of the Hiftory. Suidas fays, that in 
 the 'Tribunal of the Palace ftood the Statues of 
 Eudoxia, and her Emperor Theodcfius ; of Alar- 
 cian and Conjiantine, till the Time of Heraclius. 
 
 Chap. XIX. 
 
 O/'/Z'.f Bafilica, arul the I -.T; per ml Walks, 
 
 THE Bafilica, which, as I obferved before, 
 ftood in the Forum Augufteum^ had four 
 Arches, as appears from the ancient following 
 Infcriptions on them. 
 
 Upon an Arch in the Bafilica of Byzantium. 
 
 Great Theodore, ^ho beautiffd the City 
 With four extenfroe Arches^ highly merits 
 ^he Government of four Imperial Cities. 
 
 And 
 
^/ C O K S T A N T I N O P L F. 1 4 1 
 
 And on another Part of the fame Arch j 
 
 ToUj Theodorns, ivithfurprizmgArf, 
 Once Conful, a/id thrice Prefe6l of the City, 
 Adcr7id this frAning Fane with lefty Pillars^ 
 Sacred to Fortune, Goddefs of the City. 
 
 Calliades, Generdil of the ByzaTitian Army, plac'd 
 the Statues of Byzas and Phidalia in the Bafilica, 
 with this Infcription upon them : 
 
 Calliades ereSied here the Statues 
 Of Byzas, and his lov'd Phidalia. 
 
 And on the Statue of Phidalia; 
 
 ^his is the Statue of the fair Phidalia 
 Toimg Byzas' Wife, the Work of Bupalus. 
 
 Pliny ^ among other Statuaries, mentions An^ 
 thermiis of Chios^ and his Sons Bicpalus and An~ 
 thermus. Dlonyfus^ a Native of Byzantium writes, 
 that Byzas, from whom Byzantium took its Name, 
 was the Hufband of Phidalia, from whom the 
 Port of the Bcfporus took the Name of the Port 
 of Phidalia, of which I have wrote more largely 
 
 . \nvny 'T'reatiJ'e f the Bofporus. S ni das, 2indfome 
 modern Writers fay, that in the Baflica, behind the 
 Miliarium Aureum, there was a gilded Statue in 
 
 • the Likenefs of a Man, where was alfo the Ex- 
 ammon of Heraclius, and the Statue of fuftin the 
 Emperor in a kneeling Pofture. 'Terbelis is faid 
 to have preached in the fame Place. Here was 
 aifo placed by the Order of Severus, the Figure 
 of a large Elephant, upon the following Occafi- 
 
 on\ 
 
 i 
 
1 4 i The A N T I CLU I T I E s 
 
 on: That an Elephant being flabled near it, and 
 the Houfe of a Silver-Smith, who worked in 
 Plate, being robbed , he fufped:ing the Keeper of 
 the Elephant to be the Thief, threatned him with 
 Death, unlefs he would move his Station} and 
 the Fellow bidding him Defiance, he flew him, 
 and threw him to the Elephant, at which the 
 Beafl being enraged, killed his Keeper's Murder- 
 er. Severus being acquainted with the Fad:, of- 
 fered Sacrifices to the Elephant, commanded him 
 and his Keeper to be cafl in Brafs, and fet up 
 here ; where alfo, as Siiidas relates, was the Sta- 
 tue of HercuIeSy to which the Byzatitiam paid di- 
 vine Adoration, and offered Sacrifice. After- 
 wards, in the Conjuljlnp oi 'Julian ^ it was moved 
 into the Hippodrom-j but was originally, with ten 
 other Statues, brought from Old Roine^ partly by 
 Sea, and partly by Land Carriage. Thus it was 
 that Hercules, living and dead, travelled the grcat- 
 efl Part of the World. Suidas Writes, that in the 
 Imperial Walks were placed the Equcjlria?i Sta- 
 tues of H'rajan, Theodofnis, Valentinian^ Gibbus, 
 and Firmlllianus the Buffoon. There were ma- 
 ny other Statues of Emperors and Eunuchs fet 
 up in this Place, the mofl famous of which was 
 the Statue of Eutropius, who was Chamber- 
 lain to the Emperor Arcadius. The Honour and 
 Opulency of this Eunuch appeared in number- 
 lefs gilded Statues, ered:ed to him in every Part 
 of the City, and the Magnificence and Superiori- 
 ty of the Houfes he built, almoft in every Street. 
 This fo far encouraged and increafed the Num- 
 ber of the Eunuchs, that even the Boys affected 
 to be fo, that they might become as rich and as 
 
 honour- 
 
of Constantinople. 143 
 
 honourable as Eutropius, The Bajilica was fo 
 near to the Miliarium^ and the Augujieum, that 
 the Clock made by the Command of the Empe- 
 ror Juflin i Cedrhiiis places in the Miliarium, 
 others in the Forum Augujieum, and others in the 
 Bafilica, as is evident from the following Infcrip- 
 ^ tion. 
 
 ! On the Bajis of the Dial over the Arch in the 
 Bajilica. 
 
 'This Dial was eredied at the Coji 
 Of Prince Juftinus, arid the fair Sophia. 
 'The Scourge of execrable Tyrants he. 
 She the bright Patronefs of Liberty. 
 Behold the Gnomon caji in Jl:ini7ig Brafs, 
 The certain Index of the flying Hours. 
 This was the Invention of the lear?ied Julian 
 An ho7iefl^ upright, and impartial Lawyer, 
 
 Chap. XX. 
 
 Of the Imperial Library y and ^oxixco -^ 
 
 as aljb oj the Imperial Cider n. 
 
 THE Imperial Palace, fays Zonaras, flood 
 near the Bafllica, hard by the Brafiers 
 Shops. The Bafilica was fiirniihed with many 
 Volumes, both of human and divine Learning. 
 It was anciently the Manfion Houfe of fome Per- 
 Ibn of diftlnguifhed Knowledge, whom they cal- 
 led the Prefident or Maften He had under him 
 
 twelve 
 
, 
 
 144 ^^ Antiq^uities 
 
 twelve Affiftants, excellently well skilled in the 
 Art of Reafoning, who were maintained at the 
 publick Charge. They had each of them feve- 
 ral Pupils under them, who were inftru(fted in 
 the Methods of Argumentation, and were had in 
 fuch high Eftimation, that upon all important 
 Affairs of State, the Emperors fummoned them 
 to Council. In the Reign of BaJiiicuSy there hap- 1 
 pened at Conftantinople a great Fire, which be- 
 gun at, and confumed the Brafiers Shops, with 
 all the adjacent Buildings, burnt down whole 
 Streets; and among other fine Edifices, deftroy- 
 ed the famous Bafdica, which contained a Libra- 
 ry of fix hundred thoufand Volumes. Among 
 other Curiofities of this Place, was the Gut of a 
 Dragon, a hundred and twenty Foot long, on 
 which were infcribed in Golden Charafters the 
 Iliads and Ody/fes of Homer. Malckus^ a learned 
 Byzantian, wrote the Hiftory of Conjlantinople^ 
 which he brought down from the Reign of Cori' 
 J}a?jtme^ to the Time o1 Anajlajms the Emperor, , 
 in which he very pafiionately laments the burning 
 of the publick Library, and the Statues of the 
 Forum Augufteum. Ccdri?ius fpeaking of the fame 
 Library, gives the fame Account of it with ZoJia- 
 ras^ almofl word fdr word , and adds, That this 
 Library contain d tJoeHiftories of the Atchieve?nents 
 of the greateji Heroes^ in the J'everal Ages of the 
 World. Many Years after this BafiUca v\ as burn'd 
 down, the Emperor Leo Conon^ the Students vi-. 
 goroully oppofing his Herefy, order'd the Palace 
 to be fired, and burnt them, and the Libraiy; 
 which was afterwards rebuilt, and furnilhed with 
 a moft curious Collection of the befl Authors. 
 
 The 
 
 =(1 
 
 fc 
 
 \ 
 
I 
 
 ^/Constantinople. i 4 j 
 
 The Bajiltcce at Old Rome, were the Places where 
 they ufed to plead, to hold their Councils and 
 Senates^ and to carry on the Bufinefs of Merchan- 
 dize and Commerce : At Confiantinople they were 
 ufed as Libraries and Schools of Learning, as ap- 
 pears by what I have already obferv'd, as alfo 
 from the following Infcripcion. 
 
 Upon the publick School in Byzantium. 
 
 7 his Place was built for all th' unlet ferdTouth 
 Whofe Genius leads 'em to the Roman Law. 
 In F leading skill' d^ and fraught with Eloquence, 
 ^hey leave thefe Walls, and plead their Countrey's 
 Caife. 
 
 Modern Writers tell us, that the Place where the 
 Library ftood was of an Oftogonal Figure, where 
 there were arch'd Portico's, and a large Room, 
 where the head Mafter ufed to converfe with his 
 Affiftants. Cedrinus affirms, that the great Church, 
 the Hofpital of Sampfon, the Gate-houfe of the 
 Bafilica, the Augufieum, the Chalca, the two 
 long Portico s, as far as the Forum of Conjlantine^ 
 the Ociogon, and the Bagnios of Xeuxippus, 
 were deftroy'd by a Fire, which happen'd in the 
 Reign of Jujiinian. I would obferve from this 
 PaiTage, that there muft of Neceffity be two 05lo- 
 gons near one another. For if the OBogon, as 
 Cedrinus reports, had been the fame with that 
 where the Library flood, he would not have o- 
 mltted to take Notice that the Library was burnt 
 down alfo in the Reign of Jujiinian. It is my 
 Opinion, that the Place where the Library ftood, 
 was of a quadrangular Figure, and feems to be 
 
 L the 
 
1^6 Tloe ANTIQUITIES 
 
 the fame Building which Procopius fays was en- 
 compafTed with Pillars ereded in a fquare Man- 
 ner Zonaras mentions nothing of the Form of 
 the Bafilica^ which contain'd the Library, but 
 only fays, that it adjoin'd to the ChaJcopratia, or 
 Braziers Shops. Cedrinus calls the BafiUca^ Ci' 
 Jierna^ which fome Writers erroneoully tell us, 
 was built by Confiantine the Great. I am con- 
 fir m'd in this Opinion from Procopius ^ who fays, 
 that near the Imperial PorticOy where the Lawyers 
 ufed to plead, there was a fpacious Building of a 
 great Length and Breadth, encompalTed with Pil- 
 lars in a quadrangular Manner, fituate on a 
 rocky Ground, which was built by 'JujUnian to a 
 great Height, for preferving the Water in Sum- 
 mer, which was brought into it by fubterraneous 
 Pipes, and in the Winter from the AqueduBsy for 
 the Ufe of the Poor. Menander, furnam'd the 
 ProteB^-ry fays of himfelf, that it was once againft 
 his Inclinations to enter into the Litigations of the 
 Law in the Imperial Portico^ and by the Force of 
 Pleading, to attempt to reconcile the Jarrings and 
 Contentions of Men. Agathius plays handfomly 
 upon one Uranius a Native of Syria^ who fet up 
 for a Phylician , although he was entirely igno- 
 rant of the Arijiotelian Difcipline. This Fellow 
 was bluflering, noify, an impudent Pretender to 
 infallible Cures, and very talkative, among other 
 Places, in the Imperial Portico; and fpeaklng of 
 himfelf, he tells us, that he has often from Morn- 
 ing to Night read over many Law Books, and 
 Difcourfes of Trade and Commerce in the Impe- 
 rial Portico's. From thefe PalTages it is obferva- 
 ble, that the Imperial Portico^ and the Imperial 
 i Cijiern, 
 
<?/ COxNTSTA NTIiVOPLE. T47 
 
 Cijierny flood In the fame Place. The Imperial 
 Portico is not to be feen, though the Cijiern is 
 ftill remaining. Through the Carelefnefs and 
 Contempt of every thing that is curious in the 
 Inhabitants, It was never difcover'd, but by me, 
 who was a Stranger among them, after a long and 
 diligent Search after it. The whole Ground was 
 built upon, which made it lefs fufpedted there 
 was a CiJlern there. The People had not 
 the leaft Sufpicion of it , although they daily 
 drew their Water out of the Wells which were 
 funk into it. I went by Chance into a Houfe, 
 where there was a Defcent into ir, and went a- 
 board a little Skiff. The Mafter of theHoufe, 
 after having lighted fome Torches, rowing 
 me here and there a-crofs, through the Pillars, 
 which lay very deep in Water, I made a Difcove- 
 ryof it. He was very intent upon catching his Fifh, 
 with which the Cijiern abounds, and fpear'd fome 
 of them by the Light of the Torches. There is 
 alfo a fmall Light which defcends from the Mouth 
 of the Well, and refleds upon the Water, where 
 the Fiih ufually come for Air. This Cificrn is 
 three hundred and thirty fix Foot long, a hun- 
 dred and eighty two Foot broad, and two hun- 
 dred and twenty four Ro?nan Paces in Compafs. 
 The Roof, and Arches, and Sides, are all Brick- 
 work, and cover'd with Terrafs, which is not the 
 leaft impalr'd by Time. The Roof is fupported 
 with three hundred and thirty fix Marble Pillars. 
 The Space of hitercolumniation is twelve Foot. 
 Each Pillar is above forty Foot nine Inches high. 
 They ftand lengthways in twelve Ranges, broad- 
 ways in twenty eight. The Capitals of them are 
 
 L 2 partly 
 
148 The Anticluities 
 
 partly finiih'd after the Corinthian Model, and 
 part of them not finiflVd. Over iht Abacus of e- 
 very Pillar is placed a large Stone, which feems to 
 be another Abacus^ and fupports four Arches. 
 There are abundance of Wells which fall into 
 the Cijtern. I have feen, when it was filling in the 
 Winter-time, a large Stream of Water falling 
 from a great Pipe with a mighty Noife, till the 
 Pillars, up to tlie Middle of the Capitals^ havd 
 been cover'd with Water This Ctjlern ftands 
 Weftward of the Church of St. Sophia^ at the Di- 
 flance of eighty Roman Paces from it. 
 
 C H A P. XXI. 
 
 0/r/&6' Chalcopratia. 
 
 IT is plain from what has been obferved, that 
 the Chalcopratia^ or Places where they work'd 
 their Brafs, flood near the Bafilica. Cedriiius re- 
 ports, That 'Theodojitis the LeJ's built the Church 
 of the Chalcopratia, and dedicated it to the Vir- 
 gin M^ry. Others fay, that xh^Jews^ who had 
 lived there from the Time of Conjiantine the 
 Great, had obliged Theodojitis the LeJ's to retire 
 from thence, and built that Church ; and that af- 
 terwards, when it had been fliatter'd by an Earth- 
 quake, it was rebuilt by 'Jufiin Curopalatos, tho' 
 Zonaras is of another Opinion. T'hecdofius the 
 Great, fays he, marching into the Wefiern Farts, 
 the Jews took the Opp07'tunity, and made Honora- 
 t\js the PrefeSi of the City, their Friend, and ob- 
 tain d 
 
^/CONSTANTINOPLF. 1 49 
 
 tain'd of him the Freedom to build a Synagogue in 
 the Chalcopratia : T'he People being enraged at 
 this. Jet it on fire, and burnt it down. When 
 Theodofius was made acquainted with the FaB, 
 he lafd a Fine upon thofe who were concern d in 
 it, and gave them a frejh hicence to build ano- 
 ther. St. Ambrofe, who was then Bifiop of Mi- 
 lan, being i?iforntd of the Matter, layd before 
 Theodofius the Greatnefs of the Crime, infuffer- 
 ing the Jews to build a Synagogue in the very Cen- 
 tre of the ^leen of Cities, upon which he remitted 
 the Fine, and flopped their Proceedings. There are 
 no Braziers Shops in this Place at prefent, they 
 being removed into another part of the City, tho' 
 I was inform'd by fome of the Inhabitants, that 
 not many Years lince they foliow'd their Trade 
 near the Chalcopratia. The unknown Author of 
 the Hiftory of Confa^itinople, defcribing the Boun- 
 daries of Old Byzantium, tells us, T^hat the Chal- 
 copratia were not far from the Miliarium. O- 
 thers fay, that they were near the Church of St. 
 Sophia. Strabo fpeaking of the Palace of Alexan- 
 dria, relates, that in Conformity to this at Con- 
 fiantinople, it had a Library, a Portico, a Convo- 
 cation-Houfe, or Place of AlTembly upon publick 
 Affairs, and a large publick Foundation for the 
 Encouragement of Perfons of Literature and 
 Science. 
 
 Chap. 
 
I JO Ttje Anticluities 
 
 Chap. XXII. 
 
 Of the Portico's fituate between the Pa- 
 lace^ and the Forum ^/Conftantine. 
 
 BESIDES the Imperial Portico^ which flood 
 near the Library, there were aUb other Por^ 
 ticc's at a little Diftance from it, which reach 'd 
 from the Palace to the Forum of Confiantine. The 
 iirfk Fire, which happen'd in the Reign of Jufii^ 
 nian, confumed the Palace and the Church of St. 
 Sophia, both the long Porticos, as far as the Fo- 
 rum of Confiantine. Cedrinus fays, that befides 
 thefe, it deftroy'd alfo the Chalca and the Augu- 
 Jleum. The Fire that happen'd afterwards in 
 the Reign of Bajilifcus, began at the Chalcopratia, 
 burnt down the two adjoining Portico s, all the 
 neighbouring Buildings, the Baflica, in which 
 was the Library, two Porticos which flood be- 
 tween 'the Palaces, and all the fine Ornaments 
 of the Laufus. Thefe Portico's have been often 
 burnt, and as often rebuilt; iirfl of all hy J ujii- 
 nian, then by others, and lafl hy Domninus^ which 
 is confirm'd by a modern Hiftorian, who lays, 
 That when Conjiantinople was taken by the Gauls 
 and the Venetians, the cover'd Portico's of Dcm~ 
 ninus reaching on both Sides of the Way, from 
 the Miliarium to the Forum of Conjlatitijie, were 
 burnt to the Ground. Some fay, That in the 
 Time of Confiantine the Great, Fubulus built four 
 double Portico's^ vyhich were arch'd at Top, and 
 
 reach 'd 
 
I 
 
 ^/Constantinople. 151 
 
 reach'd from the Palace to the Land Wall of the 
 City; one of which Itrrcch'd as far as the Church 
 of St. Anthony^ at the Ifnci of the City, another 
 from the Port of Sophia^ to the Church named 
 Rabdon-, the other two extended themfelves from 
 the Chalca, and the Miliarium to the Forum of 
 Conjtantine, the Street call'd 'T'aiirus , and the ^ 
 Brazen Bull. All of them were paved with 
 fquare Marble, and adorn'd with infinite Num- 
 bers of Statues, Thefe Relations, though they 
 come from unknown Authors, who, as I have 
 fometimes obferved, have not fo ftridlly adhered 
 to Truth, yet feem to carry with them a good 
 Face of Probability, fince it is evident fi-om 
 Hiftorians of more Veracity, hov^r induftrious 
 Conjianfine was in adorning the City; and 'tis no 
 lefs evident from the T^reatife of the ancient De- 
 
 fcription of the Wards^ that Cojijlantinople^ in the 
 Reigns of Arcadim and Honorius , had no lefs 
 than fifty two publick Porticos, five of which the 
 
 ■ Author places in the fourth Ward, in which flood 
 the Bajilica, the Imperial Portico, and the Portloj 
 oi Fannio'y befides which, he places four large 
 Portico's in the fixth Ward, In the fame Ward 
 he places another large Portico. He adds, that 
 the feventh Ward abounds with Portico s, and 
 that the eighth Ward had fix Portico's more. In 
 the ninth Ward were two large Porticos. The 
 tenth had fix, the eleventh four. From which 
 it is credible, that the Porticos flood very thick 
 from the Chalca to the Land Wall, but I cannot 
 fay they were contiguous beyond the Taurus, 
 
 L 4 Chap. 
 
iji The Anticluities 
 
 Chap. XXIII. 
 
 Of the Miliarium Aureum and its Sta-- 
 tues^ and oj the Fortune of the City^ 
 and her Statue, 
 
 TH E Miliarium Aiireum was a gilded Pillar, ' 
 from whence they ufed to adjuft tlie Men- 
 furation of their Miles, and the Diftances from 
 the City. Flijiy tells us, that it was fet up at 
 Home m the highefl Ground of the publick Fo^ 
 ru7n\ but whether the Miliarium at Co?iJia?itino- 
 pie was like that of Rome^ the Greek Hiflorians 
 have been fo far from declaring their Opinions 
 concerning it, that in all their Writings they have 
 not fo much as mention'd the Name of it. Yet 
 it feems very probable to me, that it was like 
 it, and was alfo feated in the Forum ^ or near it. 
 For the Ancient Defer iption of the Wards places it 
 in the Ward where the Forum Augufteum and the 
 Bafilica ftood, to which it adjoin'd. They who 
 have written the Hiflory of the Atchievements of 
 Alexius Comnenus the Emperor, tell us, that at 
 Break of Day, the Forces of Alexius^ marching 
 out of the great Palace, under the Command of 
 Sahatius their General, enter'd the Church of St. 
 yohi the Divine, and when they had got to the 
 Top of the Church, they exprefs'd themfelves in a 
 provoking manner, fo that a Battle began about 
 three in the Morning, and that many People in 
 the Forum were wounded, who fought from the 
 
 Roof 
 
^/Constantinople. 153 
 
 Roof of the Miliarium, and the Top of St. Johfi^ 
 Church, The Inhabitants fay, that this was the 
 Church where the Elephants of the Grand Seig- 
 nor are now ftabled. 'Tis near the Hippodro?n^ 
 and the Forum Cupedmis, famous for Niceties, fi-' 
 tuate near the Church of St. Sophia, and was for- 
 merly called the Forum Augiijieum. But to come 
 clofer to the Point : Suidas fays, T'hat in the Ba- 
 lilica, behind the Miliarium, were placed a gilded 
 Statue of a Man, as aljo of an Fkphant and his 
 Keeper; others, with more Probability, fay, that 
 thefe Statues were ereded behind the Bafilica, 
 near the Miliarium. Suidas adds, that the Sta- 
 tue oiT^heodofius was placed in the Miliarium, and 
 that upon the fetting it up, he diftributed large 
 Donations of Corn among the People. Upon the 
 Equefrian Statue of ^heodofius, not remaining at 
 prefent, were infcrib'd thefe Verfes, 
 
 Not the bright Sun, which gilds the Eajlern Sky, 
 With greater huftre fnnes, than Theodolius. 
 See how hefts aloft in radiant Arms, 
 And with mild AfpeB views his loving People I 
 Thefery Steed, pleas' d with the Royal Burthen, 
 In warlike Fofture feems to move, and live, 
 
 Suidas proceeds farther, and tells us, that the Sta- 
 tues of Sophia, the Confort of fufiin the Thracian, 
 . of his Daughter ^r^/^//3', and his Niece ^if/t';^^; as 
 l! alfo th^ Equefrian Statues oi Arc a dins ^nidil'heodo- 
 fus his Son, were placed in the Miliariiim, near 
 the Statue of Theodo/ius the Great. Cedrinus writes, 
 that there ftood two Statues above the Nich of 
 \ the Miliarium, one of Confantine the Great, the 
 other of his Mother Helena, with a Crofs between 
 
 them 
 
IJ4 ^^^ Antiq^uities 
 
 them: Behind them was placed the Statue of 
 fTrajan on Horfe-back, and that near him was 
 placed the Statue of Mlius Hadrianus. Suidas 
 adds, that the Crofs which was placed between 
 Conftant'tne and Helena^ had this Infcription ; una 
 fandia^ & duo celeres Curfores. From whence 
 it is evident, that the Forum^ the Miliarium^ and 
 the Bafilica flood fo near together, that they are 
 not only placed by different Authors in different 
 Places, but fometimes by one and the fame Hi- 
 florian. The fame Writer fays, that there was 
 alfo in the Miliarium a great Piece of Antiquity, 
 which was a Chariot drawn by four Fallow Hor- 
 fes, fupported by two fquare Pillars, in the Place 
 where Conjlantine was received by his Army with 
 joyful Congratulations, after he had conquered 
 Azotium-y but originally, becaufe Byzas, the 
 Founder of Byzantium , had there been highly ap-' 
 plauded by the People. The Chariot of the 
 Sun was carried into the Hippodrom^ in which 
 was feated a fmall Statue, made by the Order of 
 Conjlantine, This Statue was the Fortune of the 
 City, which on great Feflivals, and the Day of 
 the Celebration of the Foundation of the City, 
 was fet up with a Crofs on her Head, in the Se- 
 nate-Houfe. Julian the Apoflate demolifhed it 
 in the fame Place, where Arius died in a mife- 
 rable Manner, which was at a fmall Diflancc 
 from the Senate-Houfe. In the fame Place, the 
 pious Emperor T'heodojiiis had ordered the Statues 
 of AriuSy MacedoniuSj Sabellius^ and EunomiuSy 
 which were cut in Marble, to be placed in a fit- 
 ting Pofture on the Ground, to be polluted with 
 the Excrements, and receive the Curfes of the 
 
 People, 
 
 \ 
 
(?/ Const ANT IN OPLE. 15 j 
 
 People, in Token of their flagrant Perfidioufnefs. 
 Other Hiftorians fay, that the Statue of the For^ 
 tune of the City was brought from Ro7ne by Con^ 
 ftantine the Greats and placed in a Nich in the 
 Palace. Zofimus writes, that Conftantine placed 
 the Fortune of Rome, on the Side of one of the 
 four Portico s that furrounded the great Forum, 
 'Tis very probable, that the People of Cofijiaftti- 
 nople celebrated a Feftival in Honour of her, as 
 was cuftomary at Old Rome, both by Natives and 
 Foreigners, the fame Day, in which the Palilia, 
 (the Feftivals oi Pales) were celebrated. Socra- 
 tes tells us, that Julian, when he was publickly 
 facrificing to the Fortune of Conjiantinople, in the 
 Bajilica, where her Statue was fet up 5 Mares, 
 the Bifhop of Chalcedon, being led thither by the 
 Hand, for he was blind with Age, fliarply repri- 
 manded him, and called him an Apoftate from 
 the Chriftian Religion. Julian in Return, called 
 him a blind old Fellow, adding farcaflically this 
 Queftion ; Is your God, the Galilean, able to cure 
 you? For thus, by Way of Contempt, he ufed to 
 call our Saviour. Upon which the good old Bi- 
 fhop replied, / thank my God, who has taken my 
 Sight from me, fo that I cannot behold the Man 
 who is fallen into fo great an Apojiacy ; upon which 
 Julian was lilent, Zonaras, and fome Hiftori- 
 ans who lived before him, have recorded. That 
 in the Time of Anaflafius, the Statue of Fortune, 
 made in Brafs, flood with one Foot in a brazen 
 Ship, and was placed in fome Part of the City ; 
 but that when this Ship began to decay with Age, 
 or fome Parts of it were ftolen, or fhattered by 
 Treachery, it happened, that no Ships of Burthen 
 
 came 
 
1^6 Tloe Antiquities 
 
 came into the Port of Conftantinople^ but thai 
 upon their Arrival near the City, a Storm pre-^ 
 vented their coming into Harbour j and if theiut. 
 Cargo was taken aboard the Long-boats, and 
 brought into the City, they tell you it was 
 foon confumed, by Reafon of the Scarcity, which 
 then prevailed. Upon this, the Curatores of the 
 City were obliged to enquire into the Reafon 
 of it. When the Magilirates of the City, upon 
 Information, began to fufped: the Caufe, they 
 found, upon Enquiry, the Fragments of the Ship, 
 which were fitted to their proper Places , when 
 on a fudden. Navigation was open and free, and 
 the Sea was conftantly full of Veflels failing intd 
 the Port. And that they might fully difcover thft 
 real Caufe of this Calamity, they repeated the 
 Experiment, by ftripping the Ship again of fome 
 Pieces of it, and the Ships coming into Harbour^ 
 were prevented as before j fo they repaired the 
 brazen VefTel (lie flood in , and took a particular 
 Care of it. Eiinapius^ who wrote the Hijiory of 
 the Lives of the Philofophers and wife Men^ fays, 
 that in the Reign of Confianttne^ the Inhabitants 
 attributed this Difficulty of coming into Harbour 
 to another Caufe. Inhere was no entring the Fort 
 at Conflantinople, fays he, unlefs the Wind food 
 full South. When this had frequently happened^ 
 the People, opprejjed with Famine , afj'embled in 
 the T^heatre, enraged at Conftsntlne. T^he Chief 
 of the Courtiers having conceived a Fefcntmeiit a- 
 gainji Sopatrus the Philo/opher, brought him before 
 the Emperor^ and impeached him i?i the following 
 Manner: T'his Sopatrus, Sir, who is fo high in 
 your Favour, has by his cxcefjive Wifdotn chained 
 
 up 
 
c/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. I J/ 
 
 up the Wmds^ for nvhich you fo far admire him, as 
 to admit him too near your Imperial Ferfon, Con- 
 (lantine, believing the Allegations, ordered him to 
 ibe beheaded. 
 
 C H A P. XXiV. 
 
 Of the Temple <?/ Neptune, of the Church 
 of St, Mina, (^9;- Menna) (?///:;f Stadia, 
 ,^ • and the Stairs of Timalius. 
 
 I Cannot omit taking Notice of the Church of 
 St. Mi?ia, becaufe it fhews in what Part of 
 the City the fourth Ward flood, which contain- 
 ed the Bafilica, the Aiigujieum, and the Church 
 of St. Mina. The Hiftory of an unknown Au- 
 thor reports, that Byzas formerly built a Temple 
 to Neptune^ near the Acropolis, by the Sea, where, 
 he fays, that in his Time ftood the Church of St. 
 Mina the Martyr j though he feems to contradi(5t 
 himfelf, where he fays, that the Church of St. 
 Mina was formerly the Temple of fupiter, and 
 that the Roof of it, which was arched with Mar- 
 ble, was fupported with two large Pillars. So 
 that I can conclude nothing from the Uncertainty 
 of this Writer, but that it feems more probable 
 to me, that the Church of St. Mina ftood in thofe 
 Parts of the Acropolis, in which formerly ftood 
 the Temple of Neptune, as appears from Dionyf- 
 us an antient Writer of Byzafitium, who fays, 
 that a little above the Promontory of the Bojporus, 
 
 was 
 
158 The Antiq^uities 
 
 was ereded an Altar to Minerva Egrejforia^ and 
 the Temple oi Neptune-, and that below the Tem- 
 ple of Neptune were the Stadia^ and the Gyw- 
 nafta^ where they diverted themfelves with mar- 
 tial Sports and Exercifes, as I have fhewn more at 
 large in my Treatife of the Bofporus. I am con- 
 firmed in this Opinion from the Information of 
 fome of the Inhabitants now living, who told me, 
 that within the Imperial Precindt, formerly called 
 the Acropolis, flood the Church of St. Mina. The 
 Antient Defcription of the Wards of the City tells 
 us, that the Church of St. Mina flood in the fame 
 Ward with the Stadia, and the Stairs of Timafi^ 
 us. Procopius writes, ^hat at the Place called the 
 Stadium, near the Sea, where they exercifed them- 
 felves in martial Sports , the Emperor Juflinian, 
 and his Emprefs Theodora, built fome large Inns 
 for the Entertainment of Strangers, 
 
 
 Chap. 
 
of COKSTANTIKOPLE. I Jp 
 
 Chap. XXV. 
 
 Of the l^^u^nSy and Us Statues ^^ namely^ 
 a Venus ^/Cnidos, a Juno ^/Samos, 
 ^Minerva ^/Lindia, a winged Cu- 
 pid, a Jupiter Olympius, a Saturn, 
 Unicorns, Tygers, Vultures, Beajisthat 
 are half Camels, and half Panthers ,• 
 of the Ciftern of the Hofpital called 
 Philoxenos, and the Chryfbtricli- 
 nium. 
 
 THE Laufus is a Place celebrated in the 
 Writings ofmanyHiftorians, fomeofwhom 
 write, that it was the Houfe of Laufus a Patrici- 
 an, who bore many Offices in the Reign oi Area- 
 dius, the Son of Theodojius the Great, and that he 
 adorned his Houfe with many famous Monu- 
 ments of Antiquity. There is a Book flili extant, 
 under the Title of Laufaicus, which was wrote 
 by Heraclidas, BiOiop of Cappadociay and infcri- 
 bed to Laufus, In what Part of the City this 
 Place was, no Authors mention ; but 'tis very pro- 
 bable that it was between the Palace, and the Fo- 
 rum of CanfajitinCy from the Authorities both of 
 Zonaras, and Cedn?ius'j who having defcribed the 
 Ruines of the Fire, which happened in the Reign 
 of Leoy both on the Nonh, and South Side of the 
 City tell us, that in the Middle of the City, it 
 
 burnt 
 
i6o Tloe Antiq^uities 
 
 burnt from the Laufiis^ to the Street called T^au" 
 rus. And Evagrius, fpeaking of the fame Fire, 
 fays, that it deftroyed all the Buildings from the 
 Forum of Conjiantine to the 'T'aurus. The Read- 
 er may obferve from hence, that the Laufus was 
 not far from the Forum of Conjiantine. Cedrinus 
 alfo in hisDefcription of that Fire which happen- 
 ed in the Reign oiBafilifcus, makes it plain, that 
 it flood Eaftward, between the Palace, and the 
 Forum of Conjiantine. This Fire, fays he, con- 
 fumed the Chalcopratia^ the moft beautiful Part 
 of the City, the Bafilica^ with its eminent Libra- 
 ry, and all the furprizing Ornaments of the Lau- 
 J'us^ to the Forum of Conjiantine. There was in 
 the Laujus^ continues our Hiftorian, an infinite 
 Number of Statues, the moft remarkable of which 
 was, the Statue of Mi?2e?^va of Lindia, which 
 was four Cubits long, and made of an Emerald 
 Stone. 'Twas cut hyScyllis and Dipasfius^ two e- 
 minent Statuaries, and prefented by Sejoftris King 
 of Egypt, to Ckobulus King of Lindia, a Prince 
 of incomparable Wifdom. From hence it is pro- 
 bable the Place is called Lacujos-, for Minerva 
 fometimes goes under the Name of Laojfos. The- 
 ophrajlus writes, that the Egyptian Commenta- 
 tors mention, that the King of Babylon made a 
 Prefent to their King of an Emerald, which was 
 four Cubits long, and three in Breadth. \i Sejo- 
 jlris^ Scyllis, and Di/'(^;?z/j were living at the fame 
 Time, Pli?2y fhould rather have called it the £- 
 merald of Minerva But thefe were no lefs an- 
 tient, than eminent Statuaries, born in the Ifiand 
 of Crete, whei:: under the Government of the 
 Medes, before Cyrus was King oiFerf.a, that is, 
 
 about 
 
^/Constantinople. kJi 
 
 about the fifteenth Olpnpiad. They carved the 
 Statues oi Apollo y Diatia, Hercules ^ as alfo of Mi- 
 nerva, which was blafted with Lightning. Pli- 
 ny takes Notice, that Ajnbracla, Argos, and Cle- 
 one were full of Statues made by Dlpcenus, the* 
 he fays nothing of the Statue of Minerva of Lm- 
 dta. Cedrlniis adds, that there was placed in the 
 LaufuSy the Statue of Fenus of Cnldos, which was 
 looked upon every where as a celebrated Piece of 
 Sculpture. It was finifhed by Praxiteles, is made 
 of white Marble, and appears in a naked Pofture. 
 There is alfo a Jtmo of Samos, the Workman {hip 
 of Lyjlppus and Biipalus, and a winged Cupid, 
 with his Quiver. This Statue was brought from 
 Myndus. There was alfo a Jupiter riding upon 
 an Elephant, which was carved by Phidias, and 
 placed in his Temple by Pericles. There was 
 alfo another Statue made by Lyjlppus, which 
 was bald behind, tho' not before, which was 
 taken for the Statue of Saturn. There were 
 alfo eredied here many Statues of Unicorns, Ty- 
 gers, Beafts that were half Camels, and half Pan- 
 thers j others that were half Bulls, and half Harts, 
 befides feveral Statues of Vultures. The unknown 
 
 ^Author of the Hiftory of Conjlantlnople fays. That 
 in his Time there were ftanding in the Laufus 
 fome Eagles that were cut in Stone. I am in- 
 duced to think, that there were fome Figures of 
 Birds ftanding there at that Time, but believe 
 them to be the Vultures mentioned by Cedrlnus. 
 This Author tells us, that there ftood in the Imu- 
 
 Jus feveral fine Buildings, fome Hofpitals, a Place 
 for the Entertainment of Strangers, which had 
 very good Spring- water, and was call'd Phllox- 
 
 M enon. 
 
j6i The Antiq^uitif.s 
 
 enon. Some Writers affirm, that the Fhiloxenofi 
 was a Cijierriy built by one of that Name. I 
 look upon it to be the fame Cifiern^ which was 
 fituate between the T^ricUniiim and the Laujta- 
 ciwiy and was filled up by the Order of Heraclim, 
 Menander^ furnamed the Protestor, tells us, That 
 Th'ilip of Macedon cleanfed moft of the Cijlerns of 
 the City, which Heraclhis commanded to be re- 
 pleniflied with Earth. If that Prince gave Or- 
 ders for the cleanfing of that Cijierny among o- 
 chers, 'tis the fame which lies under Ground, on 
 the North Side of Abraham the Bafia's Houfe, 
 between the Laufiacum ^ and the TricU7iiiim; 
 \vhofe Roof is fupported with four Hundred and 
 twenty four marble Pillars, two hundred and 
 twelve fupporting the fame Number of Pillars 
 above them. I meafured one of them, for they 
 all feem to be of a Bignefs, and I found it to be 
 fix Foot and nine Inches in Circumference. There 
 is another Cijlern on the Weft Side of the fame 
 Houfe, whofe Arches are fupported with thirty- 
 two Corinthian Pillars, ftanding in four Ranges, 
 each Range confifting of eight Pillars, whofe 
 Shafts are nine Foot in Compafs. As to the Tr/- 
 clinium, between which and the Laiifus was 
 built the Philoxejjon-j I fuppofe it to be the fame 
 which 'Jiiflinian the T^hird built near the Pa- 
 lace, and called it after his own Name, the Tr/- 
 clinium of 'Jtijiinian, 'Tis reported by CedrinuSy. 
 that this 'Triclinium was finely beautified by the 
 Emperor Tiberius, The Weftern Gate of this 
 Triclinium is taken Notice of by Leo the Fifths 
 when he foretold that the Head of the Man which 
 fhould be cut off in the Hippodrom for his Ty- 
 
 * ranny 
 
^Constantinople. i6^ 
 
 l^anny, fhould be brought before him through th6 
 Weftern Gate of the Triclinium. Frequent Men- 
 tion is made of this Chryfotriclinium by Hiflori- 
 ans, who wrote juft before the taking of Conjlan" 
 tinople by the Turks, and all the Inhabitants both 
 knew the Name, and the Place where it ftood. 
 But the People are fince fallen into fuch an Averfi- 
 on to Learning, and a Difreliih of what is inge- 
 nious and Polite, that they rather chufe to em- 
 brace a voluntary Ignorances and treat every* 
 Thing that is curious with Indignity and Con- 
 tempt. 
 
 The End of the Secofid Booh 
 
 M i 
 
 TH© 
 
THE 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 Constantinople. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 Of fever al Places m the fifth Ward^ 
 and the fee on d Hilly of the Neorium 5 
 of the Port nam'd the Bofporium; of 
 the Strategium , and the Forum of 
 Theodofius. 
 
 T was impoflible for me to difcover 
 from the Ancient Defcription of the 
 Wards, that the fifth IVard flood on 
 the North Side of the fecond Hill, 
 and in a Plain at the Bottom of it, 
 and that it defcended jointly with the fourth 
 
 Ward 
 
^/Constantinople. k^j 
 
 Ward from the Ridge of the Promontory to the 
 Bay call'd Ceras^ although the Author takes No- 
 tice that a great part of it fell down in winding 
 Defcents into the Bofom of a Plain. For this De- 
 fcription of it is no Icfs agreeable to other Wards. 
 Nor could I find out its Situation from any Build- 
 ings remaining in it, or from the Information of 
 the mofl ancient Inhabitants. All the Light I 
 could get was from the Situation of the Phofpho- 
 riaiiy or, as fome call it, the Bofphorian Port, and 
 the Stairs of Chalcedon^ which do not take that 
 Name, becaufe they are built in the Eaftern Part 
 of the City facing Chalcedon^ for they ftand full 
 North; and fo it is call'd xho, Bofphorian Port, not 
 from the Sea of Bofporus^ but from a depraved 
 Cuftom of the People, who pronounce it foj 
 whereas, according to the Authorities of Stepha- 
 nus and EuJlathitiSy they ought to call it the Phof- 
 phorian Port. For thefe Writers affert, that it 
 took its Name from hence; viz. that when Phi- 
 lip of Macedon beiieged Byzantium^ and his Sol- 
 diers were dig2:in2: a PafTas-e under Ground into 
 the Town, the Moon, which is calFd Phofphoray 
 fhone out in its full Brightnefs, and difcover'd the 
 Stratagem ; fo that the Byzantians^ the Siege be- 
 ing raifed, call'd it the Phofphoriwn. But as they 
 give fome Reafon why it may be thought the 
 fame Haven, though under different Names, yet 
 are they filent as to its Situation, whether it flood 
 on the Eaftern, Northern, or Southern Side of 
 the City; though it is reafonable to believe, if we 
 confider the Situation of the Stairs of Chalcedon, 
 which the Ancient Defcription of the IVards places 
 in the ikniQlVard with the BoJpborianYLiwt[\ that 
 
 M 3 it 
 
1 66 77je Anticluities 
 
 it flood on the South Side of the City, and not on 
 the Eaft Side, although it diredtly faces Chdlcedon* 
 For the Force ^nd Rapidity of the Bojporus makes 
 it very difficult to fail from Chalccdon to the Ea- 
 ftern and Southern Parts of Conftantimpk', but 
 'tis an eafy PafTage to thofe who fail between that 
 and Chalcedony to go in or out of Port on the 
 North Side of the City. It is obfervable farther, 
 that the Ancient Defcription of the Wards men- 
 tions no Stai?'s which lie over-againft Chalccdon ; 
 or if the Author had taken Notice of any, he had 
 placed them in the hrft or fecond JVardsy oppo- 
 iite to Chalcedony or in the third Wardy which 
 ftands Southward, where the Neorium or the new 
 Dock flood, as I obferv'd before. But it would 
 be of little Significancy to enlarge on this Matter, 
 fince I fhall be very particular in naming and pro- 
 ducing fuch Authorities, as will make it evident, 
 that the Bofphorian Port, and the Stairs of Chal- 
 ccdon were not only lituate on the North Side of 
 tJie Ciiy, but fhall mention the very Place where 
 they flood. The fir ft Hiftorian I fhall quote is 
 DionyfuSy a Native of the City, who places, jufl 
 without the Walls of Old Byzantiiimy the Temple 
 of I'ellus upon the Bay of the BofporuSy and a little 
 below it the Temple of Ceres and Froferpinay 
 whom he does not call Froferpinay but only ko^v^ 
 the Virgin ; yet by the Situation of the Place we 
 may eafily underftand that Virgin to be HecatCy 
 whofe Tripos Cedrinus mentions to have been in 
 the Strategiumy where, oi* at leaft not far from 
 it, as appears from the fame Author, ftood the 
 Temple of Froferpina : But Evagrius is more 
 ^lear upon this Occafion, who tells us, that in the 
 
 lleign 
 
<?/ C O N S T A K T I N O P L E. I 67 
 
 Reign of Leo there happened a great Fire on the 
 North Side of the City, where the Dock ftood, 
 which confumed all before it, from the Bojpbo- 
 rian Haven^ to the old Temple o^ Apollo j on the 
 South Side, from the Port of Julian to the Tem- 
 ple of Concord y in the Middle of the City, from 
 the Forum of Conflantine^ to the Taurus \ and Zo- 
 naras adds, that the fame Fire deftroy'd all the 
 Buildings between the North and the South Sea. 
 Cedrmm reports, that the fame Fire began at the 
 Dock, and burnt down all before it, as far as the 
 Churdi of St. Johny from whence I obferve, that 
 the Bofphorian Port and the Dock were near to 
 one another, although the Author of the Defcrip- 
 tion of the Wards ^ places the former in the fifth, 
 and the latter in the fixth Ward. For fince both 
 ■thtfc Wards join'd together, and defcended from 
 the Ridge of the Promontory down to the Sea, it 
 is not poflible that they fhould ftand at any great 
 Diftance from one another. Zq/imus, an ancient 
 Hillorian , points out the very Place where the 
 Dock was built in his Dejcriptlon of Old Byzan- 
 tium. He tells us, that 'twas iituate upon a Hill, 
 which made pavt of the IJibmuSj v/hich was en- 
 clofed by the Propo?2tis^ and the Bay call'd Ceras, 
 and adds, that the Wall of Byzantium flretch'd it 
 felf over a Hill, from the Weftern Side of the Ci- 
 ty to the Temple of Venus^ and the Sea flicing 
 Chryfopolis ; and that it defcended on the North 
 Side of the City to the Neorion^ or New Have?z^ 
 which I take to Hand near the Gate which the 
 Greeks call 'Q.^oua, and fince by a Corruption of 
 h2.ngu2.gQ Porta Neoria, or at leaft not far from 
 it. There is at prefent between the Seas and the 
 
 M 4 Porta. 
 
1(^8 7he Antiquities 
 
 Forta Neoria^ a broad Space of Land, a Market 
 of Merchandize and Sea Goods, which the T^iirks 
 call Siphont^ or Tjiphont^ becaufe the Jews inha- 
 bit it. It adjoins to the Stairs or Landing-place 
 of Chalcedony from whence they daily fail to Scu- 
 tarieum^ oy Scutaricimi^ anciently call'd C/6rv/(?/o- 
 lis, a Mart-Town, and a Port of Chalcedon. Near 
 the Stairs of Chalcedon is the Ferry, whence you 
 crofs the Water to Galata. It was formerly cal- 
 led the Sycane Ferry, and is placed in the De- 
 fcription of the Wards, near the Bofphorian Haiieriy 
 or Dock. But the Situation of thefe Places feems 
 to be fomewhat chang'd, by reafon of fome Gra- 
 naries built there, (which are removed farther in- 
 to the City) or for the greater Enlargement of the 
 Precindt of the Seraglio, or becaufe they are fal- 
 len to Decay, and filled up with Earth. For at 
 that Time, when Philip of Macedon undermin'd 
 the Town, 'tis very probable that there was no 
 Port built in that Place, which by the Byzantia?is 
 was afterwards call'd the Phofphorion. There was 
 no building a Haven there, becaufe of the Rifing 
 of the Springs, but the Bojphorian Haven was built 
 afterwards in another Place. And this is no 
 more than what is faid of the Dock, or the Neo- 
 rium, which they tell you was enclofed by Con- 
 jians, and was made a Market of Merchandize, 
 and other naval Afi?airs. This Market was after- 
 wards kept near the Port of Julian. Some Hi- 
 ftorians write, that I/£'o;///W the Emperor, who 
 reign'd after Jujiin, order'd the Dock to be clean- 
 fed. Others write, that there was erected, at the 
 Neorium, the Figure of a large Ox in Brafs, which 
 much refembied the Brazen Bull. This Figure 
 
 was 
 
^/* Constantinople. 1^9 
 
 was fet up In the eleventh Ward, which, as fome 
 modern Writers would perfuade you, bellow'd 
 once a Year, which portended great Mifchief and 
 Detriment to the City. But this I look upon to 
 be a Fable taken out of CaUimachiis and Pindar^ 
 who tell you, that upon the Mountain oi Artaby- 
 ris in Rhodes, there are brazen Bulls that ufed to 
 bellow upon any Calamity Impending the City. 
 There Is nothing remaining of this Haven, where 
 the Dock was at prefent. I gather from the Si- 
 tuation of the Bofphorian Port, and the Stairs of 
 Chalcedon, that the fifth Waj-d ftood on the Side 
 of the fecond Hill, and in a Plain below it ; 
 where were alfo the Bagiiios of Homrius, the 
 Trytaneum, ih^Bagnio's o^ Eudoxia, the Granaries 
 of Valentinian and Conjlantius, the T^hehean Obe- 
 liik, the Bofphorian Port, the Stairs of Chalcedon, 
 the Clftern of Hheodojius, and the Sfrategium, In 
 which was the Forum of 'Theodofius. yujiinian 
 t in his Conjlitiitions takes Notice oi xS\q Bagnio of 
 Achilles in a Letter, thus : Our Imperial Will and 
 Pleafure is, that the leaden Pipes, condu£ling the 
 Water to the Achillean Bagnio s, contrived by your 
 Wijdom, and purchafed by your Munificence^ be 
 under the fame Regulation and Management, as 
 has been appointed by Theodofius and Valentinian 
 in the like Cafe; atid that the faid Pipes fiall only 
 
 Supply fuch Bagnio's and Nymphsea, as your Ex- 
 cellency Jhall think fit, alloiving at the fame time 
 
 full Power, Licence and Authority to the Appari- 
 tors of your Excellency, to enter without Fear or 
 Molefiation, fuch Houfes and Bagnio's in the Sub- 
 urbs, as they fjall judge convenient, to enquire in- 
 to all Evafwns of this Order, and to prevent ^ the 
 
 Stoppage 
 
I70 The Anticluities 
 
 Stoppage of the Water to the Dett'iment of the 
 piiblicL The Law by which Conjiajitine the Great 
 enacfts, that Conjlantmcple fiiall be call'd New 
 Rome, is infer ib'd upon a publick Pillar, near his 
 own Eqiiejtrian Statue in the Strategiiwi. I find 
 in the Ancient Defcription of the Wardsy that there 
 were three Foras in the City, which took their 
 Name from I'heodojms. One was in the fifth Ward, 
 and flood, as I juft obferv'd, in the Strategium j 
 another flood in the fixth Ward, and a third in 
 the twelfth. The two laft of them were Markets 
 for Provifion, the firfi: was the Forum Pn^toria^ 
 num^ a Court of publick Juftice, where the Pra^ 
 tors prefided, and this I gather from the T'reatife 
 jufl mention'd, and which was call'd, both by the 
 Latins and Greeks ^ Prcetorium. I am not cer- 
 tain, though it feems very probable to me, that- 
 this great Prcetorium was beautifully finidi'd at 
 the Expence and Care of the Emperor fuftin and 
 'Domnimis^ as will appear from the following 
 Verfes of Paulas Silentiarius. I fhall fubjoin them 
 in order to prove, that the Word Prcetorium was 
 ufed by the Greeks, as were alfo very many other 
 Ijatin Words. 
 
 Some Verfes of Paulus Silentiarius, upon beauti- 
 fying the great Prcetorium. 
 
 When great Juftinus had reformed the World, 
 T'his noble StruBure confecrate to Themis 
 He then repair d with freflo Increafe of Beauty j 
 And yet fome pare ofPraife to thee is due, 
 Domninus, skilful ArchiteSl^ whofe Head 
 Long laboured nightly in the great Defign. 
 
 Chap. 
 
^/Constantinople. 171 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the Jixth Wardy and the remaining 
 ' ancient Buildings of the fecond HilL 
 
 I 
 
 T had been very difficult to have dlfco- 
 ver'd , either from the Situation of the Fo- 
 \rum of Conjlantine, or the Pillar of Conjiantine 
 i flill {landing at ConJlantinopJe, or the Defcription 
 \ of the Wards (although it takes Notice of the Pil- 
 lar of Conjiantine^ and tells us, that the fixth 
 Ward enters upon a fliort Plain, and that 'tis af- 
 terwards lengthen'd by a long Defcent) w^hether 
 the fixth Ward had been on the North or the 
 South Side of the City, unlefs the Author had ad- 
 ded, that it reach'd from the Forum of Conjian- 
 tine down to Stairs from whence you fail over 
 the Syccene Ferry. It was originally call'd the 
 Sycce?ie Ferry from Syca, but is now call'd Gala- 
 ta^ or Pera, as will appear more fully, when I 
 come to fpeak of it in the thirteenth Ward. Thafi. 
 the fifth and fixth Wards join'd together, I ob- 
 ferv'd before from the Vicinity of the Dock, the 
 Stairs of Chalcedoii^ the Sycane Stairs, and the 
 Bojphorian Port to each other. Having therefore 
 difcover'd the Situation of Syca^ I take it for 
 granted, that the Dock fi:ood near a Plain on the 
 Sea Shore, which was below the Foot of the fe- 
 cond Hill, and that the FerryPlace from whence 
 you pafi!ed over to Syca , is the fame with that 
 from whence you fail at prefent to Qakta^ and 
 
 thac 
 
171 The Antiq^uities 
 
 that the Porphyry Pillar now flanding, is the fame 
 with that mention'd by the Author of the De* 
 fcriptio?!, &c. and placed by him in the fixth 
 Ward J though he takes no Notice in his Defcri- 
 ption of the fixth Ward, where he places the Se- 
 nate-Houfe, how near it flood to the Forum or 
 Pillar of Co7iJia?tti?ie. But I fhall make it plain 
 to the Reader from other Hiftorians, in what fol- 
 lows, that the Senate-Houfe flood on the North 
 Side of the Forum of Conjiantine, and that this 
 Ward flood partly on the Ridge of the fecond i 
 Hill, where the Porphyry Pillar is now flanding, 
 as is alfo the Poultry Market, which the T'urks call 
 ^aubafor, or T'aouck Bafer, the Dyers Shops, the 
 Houfe o£ Mnobarbus, a Tz/r^Z/Z) Admiral, and the 
 Mofque of Hali-Baffa. Part of it fpreads itfelf 
 alfo over the right Side of the fecond Valley, and 
 part of it covers a Plain near the Sea, below the 
 Valley, and the Foot of the fecond Hill, which is 
 much inhabited by the yews. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 .1 
 
 Of the Porphyry Pillar^ the Forum of 
 .. Conftanclnc, a^d the '92L\\2idmm. 
 
 THOSE Hiflorians who have treated of the 
 Actions of Cofifiantine the Great, report, 
 that he brought the round Porphyry Pillar from 
 Rofije. This Pillar was bound, at the Joints, 
 with circular Wreaths of Laurel made of Brafs, 
 and was placed in the Foriun^ call'd the Placoton, 
 
 becaufe 
 
^/.Constantinople. 173 
 
 becaufe it was paved with fmooth broad Stones, 
 which the Greeks call Places. They add farther, 
 that there was erecfted upon this Pillar a curious 
 Statue of Brafs, furprizing both for its Workman- 
 /hip and Size. 'Twas an ancient Piece of Statua- 
 ry, exquifitely finifh'd, even to the Life. They 
 tell you that 'twas originally the Image of Apollo 
 of Troy, that the Emperor gave it his own Name, 
 and commanded to be fix'd in the Head of it, 
 fome of thofe Nails which faften'd our Saviour to 
 the Crofs. Upon the Statue was cut the follow- 
 ing Infcription : 
 
 To thee, Saviour, Lord of th" Univerfe, 
 Who ruleft the unmeafurable Globe 
 With deepeji Knowledge, I this People offer. 
 May they be thine, I conquer d them for thee, 
 I lay ni Imperial Sceptre at thy Feet, 
 With all tlj united Force, and Power o/Romc. 
 Let thy good Provide?ice, with watchfid Eye, 
 Look dow7i, and guard the City frotn all Ills, 
 
 Cedrinus relates, that at the Bottom of the Pil- 
 lar were carved the twelve Bafkets, full of the 
 Fragments which were left, after the Miracle of 
 the Loaves and Fijhes. This Pillar has no Wind- 
 ing Stairs, but is all folid Marble , and therefore 
 Fulvius, otherwife a good Antiquary, is viiibly 
 in an Error, when he tells us, that it had an a- 
 fcent within it. Zonaras fays, that the Statue of 
 Cofijlantine was iianding upon the Pillar in his 
 Time, and that in the Spring Time, in the Reign 
 of Alexius Comnenus, among many other Build- 
 ings which were thrown down by a violent Storm 
 of Wind, the Statue of CoJiftantine the Great was 
 
 blown 
 
174 ^^^ Antiq^uities 
 
 blown down and demolifbed, and that by th^ 
 Fall of ir, ieveral People who were paffing by^ 
 Were daflied to Pieces. The Author who has 
 Wrote the Hiftory of Alexius Comnenus^ tells us, 
 that not only the Statue was ftruck down with 
 Lightning, but alfo that three of the lioreSy or 
 round Circles of the Pillar, were alfo removed. 
 The Pillar is ftill Handing on the Top of the fe- 
 cond Hill J ^tis fomewhat impair 'd, not fo much 
 by Time, altho' it is very ancient, as by Fires^ \ 
 and Earthquakes, and Tempefls. The Statue and 
 the three upper Wreaths are gone, and in the 
 Room of them there's a plain round Superftruc- 
 ture, almoft of the fame Thicknefs and Size with 
 the other Part of the Shaft. The Pedeftal of it 
 is made of fquar'd Marble, and is, every Way^ 
 eleven Foot nine Inches broad, and eighteen Foot 
 high. Upon this is placed a Cornice, but after 
 the Doric Manner, confifting of a Plinth, an up- 
 per and a lower 'Tore^ and a Scotia between them. 
 Upon the Cornice flands the Shaft of the Pil- 
 lar, which is about eleven Yards in Circumfe- 
 rence. It confifts of eight large Pieces of Mar- 
 ble j each of which is encircled at the Joints, 
 with a Wreath of Laurel- Work, which covers 
 the Cement of the Fijfures, And if it had not 
 been injured by Time, it would look like one en- 
 tire Stone of Marble, and has therefore beert j 
 thought fo by fome HiJiorianSy who have handed j 
 it down to Poflerity, that it confifted only of one 1 
 Piece of Marble, and ridicule the Ignorance and 
 Injudicioufnefs of thofe, who, they tell you, have 
 been impofed upon by the Wreaths of Brafs, 
 which were only added for the fake of Ornament. 
 
 There'? 
 
 i 
 
^/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L F. J 7 J 
 
 There's nothing of thefe brazen Wreaths or 'Tores 
 'to be feen at prefcnt, the Pillar, to prevent its 
 falling to pieces, being bound round with Iron 
 I Hoops. At the Top of the Pillar is carv'd the 
 I Name of the Emperor, who after the Statue was 
 [thrown down, lay'd the uppermoft Stone of it. 
 I This Pillar bore fome Refemblance to thofe men- 
 ' tion'd by Ache?iaus^ who writes, that there were 
 fome tali round Pillars ered:ed in Mgypty made 
 [after the fame Manner. They were cover'd at 
 I the Fiffures with circular Wreaths , alternately 
 ■ white and black, one below another. Their Ca- 
 \ pit ah were alfo round, about which was a fine 
 , Sculpture of Rofes jufl opening. There were no 
 i Flutings in thefe Pillars, nor any coarfe Foliage 
 ' (according to the Grecia?t Model) which enfolded 
 ' it J but it was adorn'd with Dates^ and the Fruit 
 of young luOte Trees, and a Sculpture of all kind 
 of Flowers. Below thefe, is an Expreffion of JE- 
 gyptian Beans, intermix'd with Flowers, and a 
 Foliage which projedis beyond the Fijfure of the 
 Capital. Thus it is that the /Egyptians make and 
 adorn their Pillars ; and in building their Walls, 
 it is their" conftant Prad:ice to lay alternately a 
 Row of white over a Row of black Bricks. I 
 . have it^Vi the fame Method in buildinT their 
 Walls among the Perfians and Syrians j the fined 
 I of which they built with Bricks, or Stones natu- 
 I rally variegated, the meaner fort they colour'd fe- 
 , veral ways with Paintings, and other Inventions 
 I of Art. The Wreaths or Tores beforemention'd, 
 which were fix'd to the Pillar of Conjlantine, were 
 carv'd, as fome Writers tell us, to prefignify the 
 many Years Conjlantiiu fhould live, and the ma- 
 
 nv 
 
17 6 The Antiquities 
 
 ny Vi6tories he fliould obtain over his Enemies. 
 I believe the Defign of the Sculptor was only to 
 express, that the Laurel was facred to Apollo^ and 
 that this ancient Pillar fupported the Image of 
 him made in a ftupendous Size. However that 
 may be, it is certain that Conflanthie order'd it to 
 be call'd his own Statue, whether on the account 
 of his many Vi(5lories, or whether he was better 
 pleafed with the Heathen Notion of that God than 
 any other, fo that when he demolifh'd other 
 Heathen Idols, he commanded the Statue of a 
 Delphick Apollo, and his T'ripos to be fet up in the 
 Hippodrom, as is obferv'd by a German Orator, 
 who addrefs'd himfelf in a Fanegyrick to Conjlan- 
 tine, after the following Manner: When your Im- 
 perial Majejly tunid doivn to the 'Te?nple o/' Apollo, 
 the mofi Jlately, the moji beautiful Building in the 
 World, you faw your favourite God offering to you 
 his Crowns, a happy Prefage of Length of Days^ 
 and a Life extended beyond that of Neftor. Tou 
 faw him, you gazed on his Features, and beheld 
 your own Liketiefs in him ; who, as the ancient Po- 
 ets have fung, defer vd the Fjnpire of the Wprld, 
 I'hai aufpicious Period of I'ime feems to be now 
 come, fince you, like that God, are gay and youth- 
 ful; like him falutary ', like him a perfonable and a 
 beautifid Prince. 
 
 If the T^urk, whom I employ 'd to climb the 
 Pedeftal, had follow'd my Diredions, (while I 
 was obliged to appear a mere accidental Specta- 
 tor) and held his Pearch true, I had difcover'd 
 the loweft Stone of the Shaft, from a Notch he 
 had cut in it, to have been nine Foot and four 
 Digits high 3 and the l^ore, which projected fix 
 
 Digits 
 
^/Constantinople. 177 
 
 Digits beyond it, to have been a Foot and a half 
 broad, I mean the Tore at theFoot of the Shaft, 
 I fo that every Stone was ten Foot nine Inches 
 high. The Height therefore of all the eight 
 Stones was about eighty fix Foot and nine Inches. 
 The whole Pillar was lengthen'd befides with an 
 Abacus placed on the uppermoft Stone, and be- 
 low with a Pedeftal and its Cornice, and four Mar- 
 ble Steps at the Bottom. The lowermoft of thefe 
 Steps is a Foot and fix Digits high ; the fecond of 
 the fame Height j the third and fourth, each of 
 them a Foot and a half There is no Difcovery 
 can be made, from what has been faid, where 
 this prodigious Column, or rather where this Co- 
 lojfus flood. For lince neither Procopius, nor any 
 other Hiftorian of rhofe Times, takes any Notice 
 of the Foru?n call'd Hxah'ctov ^ where Zonaras, 
 and other modern Writers fay it was ereded, I 
 Was in fome Sufpence, whether or no this was 
 not the fame with the Forum of Confiantine. For 
 it feem'd very probable to me, that Confiantine 
 had herein follow'd the Example of Trajan, in 
 fetting up his Statue in the Forum ^ which went 
 by his own Name. But I was foon clear 'd of this 
 Difficulty, by the Authority of Socrates, (the Au- 
 thor of the Diffenfions among Chrijiians,) who 
 writes, that they are one and the fame Place j and 
 ^2xArius, when he came near where the Foriwi of 
 Confii^tine ftood, expired with the falling of the 
 Guts. But this is no lefs evident, if it be confi- 
 der'd wlier^ the Palladium of Mine?''va flood ; 
 which, as Zonaras fays, was convey'd by the 
 Command oiConfiantine fromTrc^ to xh&Placotum, 
 and as Procopius adds , into the Forum of Con- 
 
 N fianti?ie. 
 
178 Hoe Anticluitifs 
 
 Jlantinc. 1'he Hirpines, fays he, report ^ that Di* 
 omedes 7n€t ^neas coming out of Troy, and that 
 in Conformity to the Anfwer of the Oracle^ he gave 
 him the Image of Minerva, which hCy with the 
 AJjiftance of Ulyiles, had formerly brought from 
 Troy, when thty went thither to confult the Ora- 
 cle^ how Troy might be taken. I'hey add farther^ 
 that Diomedes beijig indifpofedy and confulting the 
 Oracle concerning his Recovery ^ it was foretold 
 by itj that he would never be well^ till he had 
 given that hnage to ^Eneas. The Rojna?is pretend 
 that they know nothing of this Image at prefent, 
 yet they fliew you an Image cut in Stone, which 
 to this Day {lands in the Eaftern Part of the Tem- 
 ple of Fortune, before the Statue of Minerva, 
 The Statue is carv'd in a War-hke Pofture, bran- 
 dishing, as in Battle, a Spear, drefs'd in a long 
 Garment, not reprefenting the Statue of Minerva, 
 as flie is figured by the Greeks, but as defcribed 
 by the /Egyptians. The Inhabitants tell you, that 
 Conflantine order'd this Statue, which was placed 
 in the Forum, call'd by his own Name, to be bu- 
 ry 'd under Ground. The Authorities that the 
 Placoton and the Forum of Conflantine are the 
 lame Place ought to be regarded, becaufe it is im- 
 poflible to come to the Knowledge of four of the 
 Wards without them ; for the third Ward con- 
 tains the Tribunal of the Forum of Conflantine j 
 the fixth reaches from the Forum of Conjimitine) 
 to the Stairs againfl: Syca, where is erected the 
 Pillar oi Conflantine. The feventh extends itfelf 
 with continual Portico's from the Ri^ht Hand 
 Side of the Pillar of CoTiftantine to the Forum of 
 ^heodofmSy and the eighth contains part of the 
 
 Forum 
 
^/Constantinople. 179 
 
 Poriim Q>iConJlantine. When I was afk'd by fome 
 Gentlemen who were curious that way, how Con- 
 
 Jlantine came by that Falladiwn^ I anfwer'd, that 
 I was at an Uncertainty as to that. For Zonaras's 
 Opinion of its being brought from T'roy did not 
 look very probable, fince TVoy was deftroy'd fo 
 many Ages before it -, and Strabo is hard put to it 
 to trace out the Place of its Situation. The Sto- 
 
 :' ry of its being brought from ancient Home feems 
 very improbable, fince it was often deftroy'd by 
 Fire, and the Inhabitants were entirely ignorant 
 where it originally flood. Yet the Latin Hifto- 
 rians tell us, that Diom&des prefented it to Mneas, 
 that it was kept for fome time at hwoinium^ and 
 that it was afterwards removed to Kome^ and fee 
 up in the Temple of Vefia. The Gr^f/^Hiftorians 
 are of another Opinion. Among thefe, Pazifa- 
 niaSy who wrote in the Time oi Adrian, tells us, 
 
 • that it was held the mofl facred of any Thing in 
 Athens^ that it fell down from Heaven, that it 
 was confecrated by the Advice of all the Sena- 
 tors, and placed in the Citadel of Athe?is. There 
 has been fome Difpute, whether it was made of 
 Wood or Brafs, and whether it was a Figure or a 
 Shield. Some fay, that it was a facred Shield, 
 fuch as they had at Rome. Dion and Diodorus 
 think other wife, and tell us, that it was an Image 
 made of Wood, three Cubits high, that it fell 
 from Heaven into PeJJifius , a City of Phrygia, 
 holding in her right Hand a Spear, in her left a 
 Spindle ^nd a Diftaff. To me it feems to have 
 been the Image of Pallas, whofe Statue, where- 
 ever it was placed, was call'd the Palladium. 
 Procopius aflerts, that the Statue which the Ro- 
 
 N 2 mam 
 
i8o The Antiq^uities 
 
 mam fliew In the Temple of Minerva^ is not cut 
 after the Grecian Manner. For they carve her, 
 as was mention 'd before, in a fighting Pofture, 
 with a Spear in her Hand, denoting by the Spear, 
 her Courage ; by her Shield, her Wifdom, which 
 repels all Attacks: She is cover'd with a Helmet, 
 to intimate, that the Height of Wifdom is not to 
 be feen and difcover'd: She bears an Olive- 
 Tree as affording Matter of Light ; and up- 
 on her Breaft is cut a Medufa^ to illuftrate the 
 Quicknefs of Thought, and the furprizing Agili- 
 ty of the Mind. She had alfo a Breaft-Plate, on 
 which was the Figure of a Night-Owl and a Gor- 
 gon. The Night-Owl was an Emblem of the 
 Depth of Prudence and Conduct j for Wifdom 
 dives into the Secrets and Darkneffes of Nature. I 
 wifh the divine Palladium may guard all thofe, 
 who fhall in future Times attempt the fame Tra- 
 vels as I have done, and pray that they may be 
 defended, as I have been, by that good Provi- 
 dence, and that heavenly Wifdom, the Wifdom 
 of the Father, which amidfl all the Treacheries 
 and Infults of a barbarous People, and the almoft 
 incredible Dangers of a long Voyage, did not only 
 fupport and flrengthen, but did animate, enlivGHi 
 and refrefh me. 
 
 Chap. 
 
^Constantinople. i8i 
 
 Chap, IV. 
 
 Of the Senaie-Houfe -^ the Nympheum ,• 
 the Statues of the Forum oj Con- 
 ftantine,- of the Philadelphium • the 
 MafcEum j the Labarum ayid Sypa- 
 rum ,• of the Death of Arius j of the 
 Temples of l^^Ww^ J Ceres, Perfephone^ 
 of]\xrLO a;u/ Plato. 
 
 ♦ 
 
 TH E Porphyry Pillar, and the Senate-Houfe, 
 is placed by the Author oi tht Ancient De^ 
 ^Jcripfion of the Wards ^ in the lixth Ward, and the 
 i Nympheum in the fifth ; but he does not tell us, 
 how near they flood to one another. That they 
 ; ftood at a very little Diftance, is evident both 
 ; from Zonaras and Cedrinus^ who write, that the 
 ! Fire which happen'd in the Reign of heo, burnt 
 , down the Senate-Houfe on the North Side of the 
 . Forum of Conjlantine, which was adorn 'd with 
 ! Statues of Brafs and Porphyry Marble, in which 
 was placed the Porta of Diana of the Ephejians^ 
 ' aPrefent ofT^rajan, taken from the Scythians, con- 
 taining a Defcription of the Wars of the Giants, 
 ' a Jupiter arm'd with Thunder, Neptufie with his 
 Trident,- Apollo with his Darts and Quiver. In 
 the lower Part of the Pof^ta were figured the 
 ; Giants attacking the Dragons, tofling large Clods 
 ( of Earth, and looking in a fierce and a ftern 
 
 N 3 Manner. 
 
i8i The Akticluities 
 
 Manner. Hither it was that the principal Men l|f" 
 of the City ufually convened freely to debate of 
 the important Affairs of the Government, whi- 
 ther alio the Emperor himfelf came in Procef- 
 fion, when he receiv'd the Confular Robes. It 
 was a very noble and magnificent Building. The 
 fame Authors mention another fpacious Edifice 
 fituate againft it, which was confumed by the 
 fame Fire, and was call'd the Nympheum^ becaufe 
 the Marriage Rites were perform'd in this Place, 
 as being capacious enough to hold the numerous 
 Affembhes which attended thofe Solemnities. 
 They add farther, that on the Weft Side of the 
 fame Forum was placed a Statue of Minerva of 
 Lyndus. She had a Helmet on her Head, and a 
 Shield in her Hand, on which was figured Medu- 
 fa with Snakes and Adders entwin'd round her 
 Neck; for in this Manner the ancient Statuaries ..,- 
 ufually car v'd Mz;7fri;^. On the Eaft Side of it tt 
 was placed the Statue of an Amphitrite, one of !i|rt 
 the Syrens^ having her Temples encircled with ' 
 Crabs Claws. The unkfwdon Author of the Hifto- .,;, 
 Vj oi Conflantinople fays, that on the fame Side of 11*' 
 the Forum were placed the Statues of feveral Sy- Mh 
 rem, which were call'd by fome Sea-Horfes; "' 
 three of which, he tells you, were remaining in 
 his Time, at a Place in the Suburbs call'd St. Ma^ 
 mas. On the North Side of the Forum was eredt-r 
 ed upon a lofty Pillar a Figure of that Crois 
 which Conflantine faw in the Heavens, This is 
 confirm'd by the Authority of moft Hiftorians, 
 but principally by Eufebius, who although he i$ 
 not exprefs as to his fetting it up in the Forum of 
 Confiantine^ yet as his Authority is not to be dif- 
 
 puted;^ 
 
cf Constantinople. 183 
 
 puted, when he afTerrs, that he fet it up in Old 
 Rome in the Heart of the City, 'tis reafonable to 
 believe that he did fo at ConJiantinopIt\ fince the 
 fame Writer afllires us, that he fet up a true Re- 
 prefentation of the fame Crofs in all his fineft 
 feuildings, and in the moft remarkable Places of 
 Co?2jia?2tinople. In Memory of which, as Sozo- 
 men writes, Conjlanttne changed the moft famous 
 and moft honourable War-like Standard among 
 the Romans^ which was always bore before their 
 Princes, and to which the Soldiers were obliged 
 by Law to pay divine Adoration, into the Enfign 
 of the Crofs, to bring them ojff from their hea- 
 thenifh Rites, and idolatrous Worfhip. Fruden- 
 tiiis, upon this Occalion, has the following Lines: 
 
 Ch rift's radiant Form upon the Standard rofe, 
 Ejnbofsd with fparkling Gems^ and burniJJj d Goldy 
 V/hich der the Purple Groimd-work caji a Light. 
 No dreadful Shields hung on the blazon d Flagi 
 Chrift'i awful Name alone was there in/crib' d. 
 While on its I'op^ Jure Sign ofVi5tor\\ 
 The Crofs triumphant blazd in cojlly Stones. 
 
 Eufebius writes, that he faw the fame Expreffion 
 of the Chrijiian Standard in his Time. Inhere was, 
 fays he, a tall Spear which was tranfvers'd near 
 the T'op with a P: or t piece of Woody in the Figure 
 jf a Crofs^ at the T^op of which was a Crown made 
 of precious Stones^ and curioujly wrought with Gold, 
 in the Middle of which were embroider d the two 
 ■ initial Letters o/' Jefus Chrift, with the GvQ&k Let- 
 ter X, in the Form of a Crofs, The Enfgn or 
 Standard was fixd to the tranfoerfe Part of the 
 Spear. From this Defcription of Etfebius, the 
 
 N 4 Difference 
 
184 Tloe Amticluities 
 
 Difference between wh^t was then called the La- 
 barum and Syparum feems to be this ; that the 
 Labariim fignifies only a longer Piece of Wood 
 tranfverfed near the Top with a fhort Piece, and 
 that the Syparum is the Veil, or Flag, which 
 falls down from the tranfverfe Part. The Reli- 
 gion of the old Romans was purely military, they 
 worfhipp'd their Standards, and fwore by them; 
 which Cuflom was aboliih'd, upon the introdu- 
 cins; the Chriftian Standard. 
 
 I hope the Reader will pardon me, if I here go 
 a little out of my way, to vindicate the Story of 
 ConJlanti7ie% feeing the Crofs in the Heavens, from 
 the Charge of Fidlion and Impofture. There is 
 fcarce any Miracle, in my Opinion, which feems 
 to be better attefled than this, or which is capa- 
 ble of being confirm'd by more Eye- witnefles ; for 
 EufebiuSj who lived in rhofe Times, writes, that 
 it was not only (ttn by Conjlantine himfelf, but 
 alfo by his whole Army, and that too in the Mid- 
 dle of the Day; and adds, that the Truth of the 
 Fa6t was not only believed by the Chrifiians^ but 
 by thofe who were Enemies to the Crofs oiChriji. 
 So prevalent was the Report of this Miracle, that- 
 the Inhabitants teftify in the triumphal Arch, 
 which they dedicated to Conjiantine, that he con- 
 quer'd Maxentius by the immediate Diredion and 
 Afliftance of the Divinity, although but a little 
 before many of them were of Maxefitiuss, Party, 
 and Enemies to the Chriftian Name : So that they 
 did not, in that triumphal Arch, made in Honour 
 of Conjlantine^ change the Form of the Crofs into 
 that of our Saviour's, but order'd it to be figur'd 
 with fiich Sculptures and Expreffions, as were 
 
 carv'd 
 
c/ Constantinople. iSj 
 
 carv'd on the Arches of I'rajan, Severus^ and o- 
 t ther Roman Emperors, as appears by fome fuch 
 Monuments of Ajitiqiiity as are at prefent to be 
 ' feen at Kome. I cannot conclude with fo much 
 Certainty, that Nazarhis was a Chriftian, becaufe 
 \{\sT)2iU^it\' Eupbemia was fuch, as I can, from 
 his panegyrical Addrefs to Conftantine. 'Tis the 
 general Dijcourje amo72g the Gauls, fays he, that 
 there was an Angellck Hojijeen in the Air^ and 
 that they were fent by God; and although 'Things of 
 a celejiial Nature are ijnperceptible by human Sight, 
 becaufe afmple and incompounded Subjlance is not 
 properly the ObjeB of our Senfes ; yet^ as he pro- 
 ceeds, thej'e your auxiliary Forces of Hea'-oen^ who 
 are cloatlfd with vifible Appearances, attended up- 
 on you, as Witncfes of your great Merits, and then 
 withdrew into their etberial Manfions. But of what 
 Species of the Creation were thefe exalted Spirit st 
 Of what Firmnefs and Vigour of Body-, of what 
 Largenefs of Limbs'^ Their glittering Shields blazd 
 in an awful Manner, and the Splendour of their 
 cele/lial Armour was terrible: They march' d in 
 fuch formidable Array, that they feem'd to wait on 
 you as your Guards. This was the Language which 
 was heard amo7ig them : We are flying to the Af- 
 fflance of Conftantine. Beings of a heavenly Na- 
 ture may be allowed to triumph, and there's an Am- 
 bition which becomes them. This jzoble Army of 
 Spirits who defcended from above, were fent down 
 by Omnipotence itfelf and gloried that they fought 
 for you: But I fhall add nothing farther of our 
 Author, and fhall only obferve, that fome Hifto- 
 :rians take Notice, that this large Crofs was plac'd 
 'Upon a gilded Column in the Philadelphium , 
 
 which 
 
iZ6 The Anticluities 
 
 which was the 'Poeti College^ and, as the following 
 Inscription ihews, was built near the Porphyry 
 PiUar. 
 
 Upon the Porphyry Pillar in the Pbiladelphhan. 
 
 Mufelius* puklick ABs aloud proclaim^ 
 A firm Attachment to the Emperor s Service, 
 ^hisfam'd Mufeum, facred Seat of Learning 
 Heraisdy and placed his Prince's- Pidiure here. 
 
 And another thus. 
 
 ^is Building is an Honour tQ the Learn d^ 
 One of the City's brightejl Ornaments^ '<' 
 
 A Spur to laudable and virtuous ASlions^ ^ 
 
 A great Encouragement to virtuous Men, 
 
 And again. 
 
 *thegood MufeHus, jicddily believing 
 'The heavenly Kcy^ to be trtdy God, 
 This StruBure made an Off ring to his Service, 
 
 jfulian, the Prefecf of the City, fet up a gilded 
 Statue of Anafiafius before the College of the Po- 
 ets, on which was infcribed a Couple of elegant 
 Verfes; yet no Mention is made in them, in what 
 Part of the City this College was built. When a 
 Report was made to Manuel the Emperor, that 
 from antient Times, on the Weft Side of the Fo- 
 rum of Coiifiantinc^ there had ftood in the Nich 
 of the Wall two female Statues made of Brafs, one 
 a Roman, the other an Hwigarian Woman j and 
 that the Statue of the Roman Woman projedledj 
 by Reafon of its Crazinefs, beyond its Bafe, and 
 the Statue of the Hungarian Woman ftood fixed 
 
 in 
 
 I 
 
of Constantinople. 187 
 
 in its Station ; he fent fome Workmen to eredl 
 the Roman^ and demolifli the Hungarian Statue, 
 thinking by this Means, that the Affairs of New- 
 Rome would take a new Turn of Profperity and 
 Succefs. In the fame Forum, among other ele- 
 gant Statues of famous Men, was the Statue of 
 LovginuSj who had been PrefeB of the City, on 
 which was cut the following Infcription, made 
 by Arahius. 
 
 Iberia, Perfis, and the dijiant Nile, 
 
 T^he Solymaeans, Indians, and Armenians, 
 
 With all tJj extended Regions of the Wcji^ 
 
 ^he Colchi, bordering near to Caucafus, 
 
 Which hides its tow ring Head amongfl the Clouds, 
 
 And all the flow ry Plains of fair Arabia, 
 
 Longinus' Expedition can attcfl ; 
 
 With what D if patch he flew to treat of Peace ^ 
 
 And with what Speed fuccefsfully return d. 
 
 I fliall take no Notice of the Statue of T'hefniflius 
 the Philofopher, plac'd near the Forum of Conflan-* 
 tine^ whom Valentinian had dignified with the 
 Title of Prefeci of the City, and to whom the 
 Emperor Valens had done more Honour by his 
 Writings, than any Statue or high Station what- 
 foever. Socrates gives us the following Account 
 of the Death of Arius, the Ring-leader of the 
 Sed of the Arians. Arius, fays he, when he had 
 made his Appearance before Ccnflantine the Great, 
 at his coming out of the Palace, attended by the 
 Life-Guards, of which Eufebius was Comman- 
 der, and paffing thro' the City, gaz'd at by Crowds 
 of People; when he came near the P^r^^^-ry Pil- 
 lar in the Forum of Conflanti?ie, and being in- 
 formed 
 
i88 7he Antic^uities 
 
 formed upon Enquiry, where there was a Privy, 
 he repairs thither under a ftrange Terror and De- 
 fpondency of Mind, where being opprelTed with 
 an uncommon faUing of the Bowels, his ilrait 
 Gut fell from him, which was followed by a 
 large Effufion of Blood, which brought away his 
 fmall Guts, his Liver, and his Spleen, fo that he 
 died inftantly. The fame Author adds, that this 
 Privy was ftanding in his Time. There is no- 
 thing however remaining at prefent in the Forum 
 of Conjiantine , but the Porphyry Pillar, for the 
 Ground of it is wholly rebuilt upon. Near the 
 Pillar there flands a Caraniaitfera^ or a Place built 
 for the Entertainment of Strangers; and near 
 that, a T'urkip Mofque, built by Halt Baffa^ the 
 Vejiibule or Porch of which is large, made of 
 Marble, and adorned with fix fhining Pillars, 
 four of white, and two of Tl^^/^^zV/^ Marble; the 
 Shafts of which meafure at the bottom of them 
 feven Foot and four Digits in Circumference. 
 Thefe, tho' they are very tall Columns, have 
 each of them, according to the TurkifJj Manner, 
 two Bafes ; the lowermoft of which was Marble, 
 and the other Brafs. This Way of Building they 
 learned from the Greeks^ who generally raifed 
 their Pcdejials with a very high Cornice. Not 
 far from this Mofque there ftands a School, or 
 College, inhabited by the Profeflbrs of the Ma- 
 hometaJi Divinity. There's a quadrangular Bor- 
 tico runs round it, which is fupported with eigh- 
 teen Pillars, Part of which confift of green, and 
 Part of white Marble. A little below that oiAli- 
 Bafj'a flands another Moique. 'Tis feated on the 
 highefl Eminence of the I'econd Valley, and has a 
 
 Marble 
 
^/Constantinople. 189 
 
 Marble Vefiibide, adorned with fix Columns; two 
 of v/hich are made of Forphyj-y Marble variega- 
 ted, two of white Marble with Sky coloured 
 Streaks, and two of a dark green Marble ilained 
 with White. From fome Things, which, as I 
 remarked before, ftood on the fecond Hill, you 
 difcover the Situation of Part of the third Wardy 
 (in which was built the Tribunal of the Forufn 
 of Cojifleintine) and almoft all the fifth and lixth 
 Ward. I would obferve alfo in this Place, that 
 Dionyfius places the Temples of Thelitis, CereSy 
 Froferpina^ Jimo and Fluto^ partly on the Emi- 
 nencies of the fecond Hill, and partly on the Plain 
 on the Sea-Shore below it. He places the Tem- 
 ple of T'ellus in particular beyond the Bay, with- 
 out the Walls of Old Byzantium. He tells us, 
 T^hat this Temple is open at 'T'op, tof:>ew the Free- 
 dom of the Earth in her FroduBiofis, and that the 
 Walls of it are btiilt of a fine polified Stone. He 
 adds farther, T^hat abo've the F'emple of Tellus, 
 food the T'emples of Ceres rt«^ Proferpina, which 
 were beautified ivith a large Collection of f?ie Faitit- 
 ings^ the curious Reliques of preceding F'i??ieSy and 
 with Statues no Ways inferior to them., finif:ed in 
 the mojl elaborate Manner. T'he T^emples of Juno 
 and Pluto, he tells us, werefituate where the Sea 
 winds off from the Continent; and that nothing was 
 remaining of them in his T'zw^, but the Names of 
 them ofily. He continues, 'That Cyrus i?i his Ex~ 
 pedition againfi the Scythians, in Return of the 
 Preparations made againfi him by the Byzantians, 
 burnt down the Temple of Juno; and that Philip 
 of Macedon, when he was carrying o?i the Siege of 
 Byzantium, and wanted fome Materials for that 
 
 Furpofcy 
 
190 The Antiq^uities 
 
 Purpofe, demoliJhedthe'T'empleofVlMX.o; and that tbtf 
 Names of each of thefe "Temples Jiill conti?iued: Fof 
 the Temple of Pluto ivas called Acra Plutonis, as 
 was the Temple of Juno called Acra Hersea; and 
 laftl)\ that in thefe Temples^ the Touth conjiantl^ 
 at the Beginning andEndofthe Tear, offered their 
 Sacrifices. It will appear more probable, that 
 thefe Acra were feated on fome Eminencies of 
 the fecond Hill, rather than in the Plain below it, 
 becaufe there is not the leafl Appearance of either 
 of them in that Place : So that when Dionyfiiis re- 
 cords it, that thefe Acrce of Fluto and fiino^ were 
 fituate very near the Sea-Shore, he rn.ift intend 
 only that they were only the Points of fome 
 Dock, or Haven. If this be not his Meanings 
 the Acra here mentioned ought to be interpret* 
 ed the Sea-Shores -y but I have enlarged more 
 fully on thi^ Matter in my Treatife of the Bof- 
 porus. 
 
 Chap. V. 
 Of the Seventh Ward. 
 
 TH E Antient Defcription of the Waf-ds tell* 
 us, that the Situation of the feventh Ward, 
 in Comparifon with the fixth, is more upon the 
 Level, altho' at the Extremity of one of its Sides, 
 it falls with a greater Declivity into the Sea; and 
 from hence I concluded, that there could be little 
 Difficulty in difcovering where this JVard flood. 
 But this Defcription of it is not peculiar to it, but 
 
 common- 
 
of Constantinople. 191 
 
 common alfo to other Wards, For as to what 
 the Author adds, that this Ward flretches it felf 
 with very long Portico's from the Right Handoi 
 the Pillar of Conjiantine, to the Forum of 'Theodo-' 
 fius'y as it does alfo on the other Side of it down 
 to the Sea-Shore, extended in the fame Manner: 
 I could make no more Obfervations from this Ac- 
 count of iti than I could from the Buildings which 
 are mentioned to be contained in it, lince the very 
 Remembrance of them is entirely loft. I there- 
 fore confidered with my felf, what the Author 
 might probably be underftood to mean by the 
 Right Hand of the Pillar of Confiantine. In this 
 Difficulty I had Recourfe to Liv\\ who fays, thac 
 Romulus has determined all the Wards, which 
 reach from Eall to Weft, to be the Right Hand 
 Wards, and all the Wards which extended from 
 South to North to be Left Hand Wards. But I 
 could not explain the Difficulty this Way; for 
 by this Means I had made this Ward to ftretch ic 
 felf Southward ; whereas I ftia.ll ftiew plainly in 
 another Place, that it extended it felf to the North. 
 Nor could the Geographical Method give me any 
 Light into this Matter; for when thefe Gentle- 
 men take the Altitude of the Pole, they look full 
 North, fo that the Eaft lies diredtly on their Right 
 Hand. Varro, who has defined to an Exadtnefs 
 the four Parts of the Heavens, following the A- 
 Jlrological Sche?ne, has given me fome Infight into 
 this Matter: He tells us, that the South lies di- 
 redtly before us, and the North behind us, fo that 
 the paft lies to the left Hand, and the Weft to the 
 Right. I judged by this Divifion of the Heavens 
 into four Parts, that the feventh Ward was iitu- 
 ' ate 
 
ipi The Antiq^uities 
 
 ate Weftward of the Pillar of ConJlantine\ and 
 yet was in Sufpence, whether the Author of the 
 JDefcription followed the Divifion of Romulus^ or 
 tliat of the Ajlrologers, I was therefore under 
 greater Hefiitation than I was before, till after a 
 diligent Enquiry I made a Difcovery where the 
 Column of T'heodojms flood, and of fome Foot- 
 fteps of the Churches of Anaftafia and Hirenay 
 by which I perceived that the feventh Warddt- 
 fcended from the Top of the Vromontory down 
 to the Bay, and that this Author had defcribed 
 its Situation more diftin6tly, had he told us, that j 
 as you go from Eafl: to Weft, the feventh Ward 
 extends it felf on the right Hand, from the Pillar 
 of Cojijiantine, to the Forum of T'heodofius. In 
 this Ward antiently were ered:ed feveral fine Build- 
 ings, which ftood on the fame Ground where the 
 moft famous Place of Merchandize in the City, 
 by the T^urh called Bezeftan^ or their Exchafige^ 
 ftands at prefent, and where the moft valuable 
 Goods of all Kinds are kept, as they were in the 
 Reigns of the Chrifliaii Emperors, in the Build- 
 ing called the Lampterum^ which I believe for- 
 merly ftood in another Place. I am prevailed 
 upon to be of this Opinion, when I confider the ! 
 Ruines occafioned by the Fire, which happened j 
 in the Reign oiyuftinian-, and which, as Cedri- i 
 7ms relates, deftroyed, among other Edifices, the i 
 Church of St. Sophiay the Place where they kept 
 the Records of it, the O5iogo7t^ the Baths of Zeux- 
 ippus^ and the famous Structure of the Lampterum, 
 fo called, by reafon of the Lights burning there 
 every Night. This Building was roofed with 
 Wood, where the moft coftly Commodities, fuch 
 
 as 
 
^/Constantinople. 193 
 
 as Silks, Velvets, and the richeft Brocades were 
 repofited. In fhort, this Fire confumed every 
 Thing, which the former Fire had fpar'd. I 
 might not improperly have called it KaixTflvi^^ig^ 
 which in Latin lignifies Lucernce^ as 'tis confirm- 
 ed by the Authorities of Livy and Pliny. 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the Street called Taurus^ the Forum 
 of TheodofiLis, the Pillar of Thcodo- 
 fius with PVtndtng Stairs^ of the Te- 
 trapylam, the Pyramidical Rngme of 
 the IVtndsy the Statues of Arcadius 
 and WovionVi^y of the Churches ^/Hi- 
 rena and Anaftafia, and the Rocks 
 
 . called Scyronides. 
 
 WHEN I was quite out of Heart as to 
 the Difcovery of the feventh V/ard, and 
 ' the Taurus^ without which no Difcovery could 
 . be made of the eighth Ward, I made the beft En- 
 • quiry I could after fome other Buildings, which 
 : might lead me into the Knowledge of them. And 
 : after I had fearched for the Situation of the Pillar 
 of 'T'heodojius for a confiderable Time, I was in- 
 , formed by fome antient Perfons, that it Itood on 
 : the Top of the Promontory, where the Plain of 
 I the third Hill extends it felf, whicli is near the 
 New Bagfiio built by Bajazet the Emperor, 
 
 O who 
 
194 '^^^ Antiq_uities 
 
 who had demolifhed that Pillar above forty 
 Years before I came to Byza?7tiii?n, that he might 
 build his Bag?iio with more Convenience. Be- 
 yond that Bath, Northward, there is a broad Way, 
 where there are three Bookfellers Shops, and an 
 antient Ciftern; more towards the South is the 
 Seraglio. This broad Way widens Eaftward into 
 a large Area^ at the farther End of which is the 
 Sepulchre of Bajazet the Emperor, with a 
 Mofque, and a Cara'vanfcra. Cedrimis relates, 
 that this Pillar of I'hcodofms is, in all Parts, like 
 that which was erected by ArcadiuSy and is ftill 
 Handing in the Xcrolophum^ which I {hall have 
 Occafion to defcribe hereafter. Zonaras writes, 
 that the Pillar in the "Taurus, erefted at the Ex- 
 pence of Theodojius, whereon were exprefled the 
 Trophies he took, and his well-fought Battles 
 with the Scythians, and barbarous Nations, 
 with his own Statue at the Top of it, was 
 thrown down by an Earthquake, the fame Year 
 that Old Rojfie was taken. Anajiafms the Empe- 
 ror ordered many curious Pieces of Brafs Work- 
 manfliip to be demolillied, and new cafl into his 
 own Statue. Among thefe was a famous Statue 
 of Conjiantine the Great, which, with other Sta- 
 tues, made a large Kquefirian Statue, which was 
 gilded, dignified with his own Name and Title, 
 and placed on the fame Pillar, where before had 
 flood the Statue of Theodofms. I would obferve 
 here by the By, that the Street called the Taurus 
 was the fame Place, where the Pillar of Theo- 
 do/ius flood ; and from hence I would obferve far- 
 ther, that the feventh JVard ftood on the Top 
 and Sides of the third Hill. And although the 
 
 feventh 
 
^^Z' Constantinople. ipy 
 
 ibventh fVard docs not contain the Forum o^The^ 
 odofius, yet it is not improbable that it was but at 
 a fmall Difiance from it, not only if we confider 
 how exactly Confiantinople emulated Old Rome-, 
 but alfo, if any Dependence may be had on the 
 Authority of E^w^r///J•, who aiferts, that the Fire 
 which happe'ned in the Reign of Leo^ burnt down 
 all the Ediiices from the Forian of Conjlant'me^ to 
 the Forum of 'Taurus. An antient Native of Con- 
 flantinople informed me, that in his Titne the Fo- 
 rum of Taurus, and the Pillar of Theodolius 
 ftood in the fame Place, and that it was like the 
 Hippodrom, full of nvild and uncultivated Trees. 
 And becaufe it ivas only a Shelter for Thieves and 
 Robbers, the Emperor Mahomet, who took the Ci- 
 ty, voluntarily bejiowed the Gromid on thofe who 
 would build upon it. That the Forum Piflorium, 
 or Bread-market, ftood on Part of the Ground of 
 the Forum of Theodofius, or at leafl was very near 
 to it, I conjedture from Zo7iaras, who fays, that 
 as the Emperor Nicephorus Phocas was coming 
 out of his Palace, lituate at the Golden Fountain^ 
 and near the Porta Aurea, the People purfued 
 him grievoufly with Railery and Invedtive from 
 the Forum Pijiorium, as far as the Pillar of Con- 
 flantine. The unknown Author of the Hiftory of 
 ConJianti?jople is of the fame Opinion, as to the 
 Situation of the Taurus, and the Pillar, and tells 
 us, Fhat the Pillar food in a paved Court, near 
 the Forum Piftorium; and adds, that in the fame 
 Place there was a fquare Building, with four 
 Gates, and four Portico's roimd it, which he calls 
 the Tetrapylum, which before was called Quatri- 
 vium. Cedrinus places the Tetrapylum not far 
 
 O 2 from 
 
1^6 The ANTiCLtJiTiES 
 
 from the Forum of Taurus, when he tells usj 
 that the Fire in Leo's Time, deftroyed two large 
 Churches, adorned with all Kinds of curious 
 Stones J one not far from the ^efrapylum, the 
 other adjoining to the Forum of Taurus. The 
 fame Author, fpeaking of another Fire, which 
 happened in the fame Emperor's Reign, writes, 
 that it confumed all the Buildings from the TV- 
 irapylum^ covered with Plates of Brafs, to the 
 Church. The Author of the Defcription of the 
 Wards writes, that there was in Conftantinople one 
 gilded T'etrapylum, but does not mention in what 
 Ward it ftood. yhannes the FJbetorician (as he is 
 cited by Evagrius) tells us, that in the Reign of 
 Zejio the Emperor, one MamiajiuSy an eminent 
 Senator, built at Conjlantinople fome handfome 
 Poj'ticdSy and that between two of them he built 
 a T'etrapylwn^ as a Boundary to both, which he 
 fplendidly adorned with Brafs and Marble Pillars; 
 and adds, that in his Time the Portico's bore the 
 Name of fome Emperor, and that large Stones of 
 Froconnefian Marble, theReliques of their antient 
 Beauty and Magnificence, lay on the Ground, but 
 that there was not the leaft Siga of the 'T'etrapy^ 
 lum remaining. The unknown Author above- 
 mentioned fays, that in this T^etrapylmn^ over the 
 Pillars, there was a Chamber, where the Em- 
 prefs, and the Relations of the Emperor deceafed, 
 received the News of his Death ; and having their 
 Faces veiled, bewailed his Departure till fix o' 
 Clock in the Evening, when meeting the Corpfe 
 paffingby, they attended it to the Church of the 
 Apofiks, where they ufually buried their Empe- 
 rors. The Tetrapylum feems to me to have for- 
 merly 
 
^/Constantinople. ipy 
 
 merly been the Temple o£ Janus ^adi'ifrons^ and 
 flood near the Capitol. It had, like that of Old 
 Rome, four Doors, denoting the four Seafons of 
 the Year. For Janus takes his Name ah eundo, 
 and therefore all Pajfages are faid to be facred to 
 him, and the Doors of all Temples are called Ja- 
 nuce. Some Authors tell us, that in the Foruni 
 Pijiorium there was a quadrilateral Fjrainid. Ce- 
 drinus defines this T^etrafceles to be a quadrilate- 
 ral Engine, invented to fl:iew in what Point of 
 the Compafs the Wind flood , and adds , that 
 'liheodojius the Great ereded a Machine in the 
 Form of a Pyramid, adorned with feveral Fi- 
 gures of Animals, of Plants, of Fruits, of gilded 
 Bunches of Pomegranates, and naked Cupids, in 
 Bajjb Relievo. Some of thefe Cupids were cut in 
 a gay fmiling Humour, fome of the Uppermofl 
 were wantoning, and playing their little Tricks 
 with thofe who were below them, while others 
 were dancing. There was carved upon it a Sec 
 of young Fellows playing upon brazen Pipes. On 
 the Top of the Pyramid was a Van, or Weather- 
 cock, which fhewed in what Corner the Wind 
 fat. The Stauies oi Arcadius and Honor ius were 
 placed near the Statue of T'heodofius their Father; 
 that of Arcadius in an Eaftern, and that of 
 Honorius in a Weftern Nich. Socrates, who has 
 wrote the Hijloiy of the Chrijlians, tells us, that 
 Valens the Emperor built out of the Ruines of 
 Chalcedon, a large Aqueduct, which he brought 
 into the City, and which fupplied a very capaci- 
 ous Ciflern, built by Clear chus, who was Prefe5i 
 of Conjlantinople, and which, in his Time, was 
 called the Cijiern^ or, as the original Word in So- 
 i'' O 3 cratn 
 
198 'The ANTia.UITIFS 
 
 crates feems more properly to fignifie, the Lake- 
 of I'heodofius. Zonaras and Cedrinus call this Lake 
 a Nympheiif?t, and add to the Authority o^ Socra- 
 tes, that the FrefeB of the City celebrated there 
 a great Feftival, and very fplendidly entertained 
 all the People. I would remark from thefe Cita- 
 tions, that the Place which Socrates calls the Fo- 
 rum of I'heodofiuSy is called by Zonaras and Ce- 
 dr'miis, the T'aiirus, and that they are both the 
 fame Forum^ and that the Nyinpheum here men- 
 tioned is diiferent from the Nymphcum which is 
 fituate near the Forum oi Conjiantifie, overagainft 
 the Senate-Houfe, and where they ufually folem- 
 nized their Weddings, as has been obferved be* 
 fore. The Author of the Ant'wit Defcriptioti^ 
 C?r. writes, that the Carofian Bagnio's were fo 
 called from Carojia, the Daughter of the Empe- 
 ror Valens ; but he does not tell us in what Part 
 of the third Hill they flood, nor could I difcover 
 when I was at Conjiantimple ^ whether they are 
 entirely in Ruines, and others built in the Room 
 of them, (as there are very large ones at prefent 
 on the Top and the Sides of the third Hill, which 
 the T^urks have built) or not. The fame Author 
 places the Churches of St. Hirena and Anajiafia 
 in the feventh Ward, but does not mention in 
 what Part of it. Nor is it pofTible to find out 
 their Situation, but from the JHiflorical Accounts 
 we have received of it, which fay, that when 
 the City was taken by the Franks and the Veneti- 
 iijis, a Fire began at the Synagogue of the Sara- 
 cens, in that Part of the City which declines to- 
 wards the Sea Northward, very near to the 
 Church of St. liirejia. That tiiis Church flood 
 
 within 
 
^/Constantinople. 199 
 
 .within tiie Precindl of the Seraglio, I was firft in- 
 formed by fome antient People of the City j I af- 
 terwards took Notice of a lofty Tower whidh 
 flood without the Precind: of the Seraglio^ which 
 was fituate on the Eafl Side of the third Hill. It 
 was a fquare Building, and Is flill called by the 
 Vulgar Hirene-y but whether it was the Church 
 of St. Hirene, or the Emprefs Hirena, I cannot 
 tell. I find among the Monuments of antient 
 Learning, that there were three Churches at C072- 
 jiantinopk dedicated to St. Htrena. The firft was 
 called the Old Church of St. Hirena, which, as So- 
 crates writes, was built by Conflmitine the Great^ 
 and ftood near the Chuifch of St. Sophia. The 
 fecond, I am now fpeaking of, ftood on the third 
 Hill ; and the third, as Procopius fays, was built 
 by Jujliniaii, at the Mouth of the Bay called Ce^ 
 rasy oir Corriu, and was called the Church of St. 
 Hirena the Martyr. Some Authors write, that 
 the Church of Anaflafm was built in that Place, 
 where the new Bezejian, or new Bafilica now 
 ftands : Others that it was fituate near the CI- 
 ftern, fupported with Abundance of Marble Pil- 
 lars, and ftands between the BafiUca's of the Fo- 
 rum^ and the Tomb, and Caravanfera of Baja- 
 zet the Emperor. Sozomen writes, that when St. 
 Gregory went from Nazianzutn to Confiantinople^ 
 he preached in a fmall Church built by his Audi- 
 tors, which was afterwards very much enlarged 
 by fucceeding Erhperors, and was alfo beautified 
 and adorned in the moft expenfive Manner, and 
 was called the Church of St. Anaflafm. Whether 
 it was fo called, becaufe St. Gregory by his Ser- 
 mons preached in this Church had revived the 
 Conjlitutions ^nd Decrees of the Council o^Nice-, 
 
 O 4 or 
 
200 7he Antiquities 
 
 or whether, as he adds, it went by that Namej^ 
 becaufe a Woman big with Child, falUng from 
 the upper Gallery, and dying upon the Spot, was 
 reftored to Life again by the joint Prayers of the 
 Congregation then prefent, I ihall not determine. 
 However 'tis plain from this Paffage of Zozo- 
 ineuy that thofe Hiftorians are grievoufly in the 
 wrong, who fay, that this Church was built 
 in Memory of St. Analiajiciy a Roman Saint. In 
 m'^' Treatife of the Thracian Bofporus , I have 
 fliewn, that on the North Side of the third Hill 
 there rife fome Rocks from the lowermofl Emi- 
 nencies of it, which were call'd Scironides, by | 
 thofe who firft tranfplanred a Colony from Mega-, 
 ra and Corinth^ to Byzantmm. Thefe Rocks were 
 fo call'd, becaufe of the Refemblance they bear 
 to the Scironides, which grow between Corinth 
 and Megara. I fhall take the Freedom here jufl ; 
 to mention what's worth obferving on the third 
 Hill. On the Top of it flands the Tomb of Ba- 
 jazet the Emperor, near a Caravajijera^ and a \ 
 large Mofque which was built by him, after the 
 Likenefs of the Church of St. Sophia^ which is 
 roof'd with Brick-work, and cover'd with Lead. 
 It has a large Porch or Vefiibide, pav'd with white 
 Marble, and is furrounded with four Portico's^ 
 which are fupported with Columns of the choi- 
 ceft Marble. In the Middle of it is a fine Foun- 
 tain, which falls into a large Bafon, which emits ; 
 the falling Water through feveral little Cocks. 
 The Mofque and Vefiihide is furrounded on three | 
 Sides with a large Area^ which is encloled partly ; 
 with Walls, and partly with a Caravanfera ; and 
 on tiie fourth Side 'tis encompafs'd with a Garden 
 
 adjoining, 
 
of Constantinople. 201 
 
 adjoining, in the Middle of which is the Tomb 
 of Bajazet^ in a fmall Edifice built in a cylindrick 
 Form. On the Top of the third Hill ftands the 
 Seraglio, where the Emperor's Concubines con- 
 itantly rcfidej 'tis enclos'd w^ith a high Wall, 
 which, at my firft Arrival at Co7tJiantinople, was 
 more than two Miles in Compafs. The prefent 
 Emperor Solyfnan has taken up a Place in the 
 Middle of this Precinct, where he is laying a Foun- 
 dation for a Caravanfera, and his future Sepul- 
 chre, which are now building with the mofl ele- 
 gant Marble, brought from feveral Parts of the 
 '■turkijh Dominions, fo that you may fee infinite 
 Kinds of it lying about the Building, not lately 
 dug out of the Quarry, but fuchas for many Ages 
 has been ufed in the Palaces of feveral Princes 
 and Emperors, not only at Byzantium, but in 
 Greece, and all Mgypt. In the feventh Ward I 
 faw three ancient Cifterns, not taken Notice of in 
 xh^ Defcriptiofi of the Wards-, one in the Forum 
 of Taurus, another between the Tomb of Bajazet 
 and the Bezejian, both of which are fupported 
 wi^' . I/larble Pillars. The third was built on a 
 Ciir: of the third Hill, which faced the North, 
 of which there are yet remaining fix Corinthian 
 Pillars, very large and tall, m^^deo^ Arabian Mar- 
 ble, and curioufly wrought. Below the Bafe of 
 the Pedejlal was lay'd an Earthen Pipe which 
 convey 'd Water into a Ciftern made of Brick, 
 whofe Roof alfo, which is Brick-work, is fup- 
 ported with twenty fquare Brick Pillars. A little 
 above the Ciflern there was formerly a Court be- 
 longing to a Chrijiian Church, which the Turks 
 demolifh'd, to repair and beautify their own 
 
 Houfes 
 
201 Hoe Antiq_uities 
 
 Houfes. On that Side of the Hill which extends 
 itfelf Weft ward, there ftands a Mofque, whofe - 
 Vejlibule is fupported with twelve Pillars, fix of 
 which are oi Arabian Marble. Above this Mofque \ 
 there ftands another, which is alfo fupported with 
 Pillars, and was formerly a Church dedicated to 
 St. T'heodorus. This however is not the fame 
 Church which Procopius fays Jujlinian built in a 
 Place call'd RheJJium. There is another Chriftian 
 Church, now a Mofque, ftanding between the 
 Seraglio, and the Tomb which the Emperor Soly- 
 man built for his Son Mahomet, which is incruft- 
 ed with feveral Kinds of Marble, curioully varie- 
 gated. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of the e'lghth Ward, and the Hind- part 
 of the third HilL 
 
 1 Cannot find by the Ancient Defcription of the 
 Wards, that the eighth Ward was fituate on 
 the South Side of liie third Hill, though it fays, 
 that the eighth Ward, on the Side of the T'aurus^ 
 is not bounded by the Sea, and may be look'd up- 
 on to be rather a narrow than a broad Piece of 
 Ground, though this Defecfl is fufficiently amend- 
 ed by its great Length. For by this Defer iption 
 of it, I am left altogether in Sufpence, whether 
 it lye North or South. But I difcover the Situa- 
 tion of the eighth Ward from hence, tliat the 
 Author of the Defer iption tells us, that it contain- 
 ed 
 
^/Constantinople. 203 
 
 cd part of the Forwn of Coiifimithiey and a Portia 
 CO on the left Side of it, as far as the 'T'aiiruSy and 
 that the feventh JVard ftretch'd itfelf from the 
 right Hand of the Pillar of Co;?/?^;z//>zf, to theFo- 
 riun of Theodofms. I obferve from thefe Authori- 
 ties, that part of the Promontory^ which reaches 
 from Sea to Sea, lituate between the Porphyry 
 Pillar and the 'Taurus y was divided into the North 
 and South Side, ^nd that the Portico's on the right 
 and left extending themfelves from the Pillar of 
 Confiantine to the T^anrus^ parted the feventh and 
 eighth J'^ardj the former of which contain'd the 
 right Hand Portico's, and the latter, the lefc. 
 There's nothing to be it&n of thefe Portico's at 
 prefenr, but only the broad Way which runs from 
 the Church of St. Sophia to the Land- Wall. This 
 Ward contains alfo the Capitol, and the Bafdica 
 of Theodofms ; both of which, 'tis very probable, 
 ftood near the Pillar and Forum of T^heodofius. It 
 i§ no lefs evident from Zonaras and Cedrinns, that 
 the Fire in Leds Time confumed the Senate- 
 Houfe, built for the Difpatch of publick Bufinefs 
 by the great Council of the Empire, and for the 
 Conveniency of the Emperor, when Conjul, to 
 prefide over them. This Senate-Houfe, as the 
 fame Authors add, had twelve Pillars curioufly 
 variegated, made of Trojaji Marble, which were 
 twenty five Foot high, the Roof of it being 
 fupported with four Arches. This Houfe, ac- 
 cording to thefe Writers, was about two hundred 
 and forty Foot long, and and a hundred and fiftv 
 Foot broad. I am inclin'd to believe, from what 
 I have mention'd upon this Occalion, that it was 
 either ihe Capitol, or the Bajilica of T'heodofius. 
 
 For 
 

 204 The Antiquities 
 
 For it Is plain from modern HiJioria?is, that thefe jl^ 
 two Structures, by whomfoever they were rebuilt 
 after the Fire, loft their Names, and they tell us, 
 that in the T^aurus there was a Palace, and a Place 
 for the Entertainment of Strangers. And thefe 
 Authorities are ftrengthen'd by fome ancient Peo- 
 ple QiConJlanthiQple^ who atteft, that in their Re- 
 membrance, near the Mint-Houfe^ where they 
 now coin their Money, there flood a fpaciousPa* 
 lace, inhabited, as fome fay, by Mahomet wha 
 took the City, before he built the great enclofed 
 Palace which ftands upon the firft Hill, and that 
 fome of the Sultans have fince beautified their 
 Palaces out of the Ruins of the former. The 
 Place of Entertainment, or rather the Churchj^ 
 which ftood to the South-weft of the 'Taurus^ % 
 faw entirely demolifh'd, and the Pillars of it car- 
 ried off, to build a Caravan/era, which the Em- 
 peror Solyman eredled in Memory of his Son,^ 
 whom he dearly lov'd. I leave it to the Greek 
 Priefts to make the Enquiry, whether this was 
 not the fame with the Church of St, Paul, which 
 ftood in the feventh Ward^ though I could never 
 yet meet with one of them, who could give me 
 Infight into this Matter. 
 
 I 
 
 C H A Pw 
 
of Constantinople. loj 
 
 Chap. VIIL 
 
 ^Of the n'mth IVard-^ of the Temple of 
 Concord j of the Granaries ^/Alexan- 
 dria and Theodofius • of the Baths of 
 Anaftafia; of the Hon fe /?/ Crater us ,- 
 of the Modius, and the Temple of the 
 
 Sun and Moon. 
 
 ■ 
 
 THx\T the ninth Ward was fituate behind 
 the third Hill, partly on the Clifts which 
 lye under the Ridge of it, and partly on thofe 
 which lye at the Bottom of it, and partly on the 
 Shore of the Fropontis^ extending itfelf as far as 
 the Gardens call'd Blancha-, I am convinced, a- 
 mong other Authorities, principally by the Au- 
 thor of the Defcription^ &c. who fays, that the 
 ninth Ward is all a Declivity, and bounded by the 
 Sea, as alfo from the Account he gives of the 
 eighth Ward, which as it is not terminated on 
 the Side of the Taurus^ by any Part of the Sea, I 
 have Reafon to believe, took up the Plain on the 
 Top of the third Hill, but not the Defcents be- 
 low it, and that the ninth Ward lies partly under 
 the eighth, on that Side of it, which extends 
 from the T'<7z^n/i Southward towards the Sea of the 
 Proponlis, and was partly fituate alfo on the two 
 Declivities -, one of which defcends from the T'au- 
 rus to South, South-weft, the other from the 
 Houfes of the Janizaries to the Soudi. You may 
 
 alfo 
 
io6 The AnTicluities 
 
 alfo difcover by the Situation of the Terriple of 
 Concord, where the ninth Ward flood, which 
 'though it be not exprefsly declared by the Author 
 of the Defcription', yet Redfon, and the Authority 
 of other Writers, will lead us into that Difcove- 
 ry. For Evagrius, defcribing the Fire which 
 happened in Leo*s Time, fays, that it raged in a 
 frightful Manner on the North Side of the City, 
 from the BoJ'phorian Haven to the old Temple of 
 Apollo ; on the South, from the Port of Julian^ 
 ro the Houfes feated at a fmall Diftance from the' 
 Temple of Concord -j and in the Middle Part of 
 the City , from the Forum of Confiantine to the 
 Taurus-, and farther, that it extended itfelf in 
 Length to the Diflance of five Furlongs. From ^ 
 hence it is difcoverable, that the Fire deftroy'd all 
 that Part of the ninth Ward, through which you 
 may draw a ftrait Line from the Taurus to the 
 PropOTitis. And this would evidently appear to 
 any one, who would walk the five Furlongs from 
 the Forum of Confiantine to the Forum of TauruSy 
 and there fix a Mark, and fhould afterwards walk 
 Weftward from the Port of Julian, through the 
 Plain on the Sea Shore, to the Diflance of five 
 Furlongs more, and fliould there fix another' 
 Mark, and fhould compare that Mark with ano- 
 ther lix'd at the Taurus, he would vary very little 
 as to the Situation of the Temple of Concord. But 
 that, and the Church of St. Thomas the Apofile arc 
 now entirely in Ruins. If we confider the Rules 
 generally pbferved in Architedlure, 'tis reafonable 
 to believe, that the Granaries of Theodofius ftood 
 near the Port of Theodofius, which was fituate in 
 the Gardens now cnWd Blanchie, There was na 
 
 Port 
 
^/Constantinople. 207 
 
 Port either in the eighth or ninth Ward, but ih 
 that Part of the twelfth Ward which adjoins to 
 the ninth, is the Port of Tbeodojius^ of which I 
 (hall fpeak more largely hereafter. Above the 
 Bla?icha to the North, there ftands a Temple up- 
 on an Eminence, call'd Myreleos; in the In fide of 
 which was a Ciftern, the Roof of w^hich is fup- 
 ported wkh about {ixty Marble Pillars. In the 
 Place of this Ciftern there was formerly a Grana- 
 ry, which SuidaSj though very improperly, calls 
 Horehim. The Statue oi Maifnus^ fays he, who 
 march'd his Army againft the Scythia?iSy flood in 
 the Horeium, (which was before the Houfe of 
 Craterus^ now of Myreleus) near the Modius^ and 
 the Brazen Hands. This Modius, or Bufhel, was 
 a fettled Meafure, or Standard, according to 
 which they bought and fold their Corn. The 
 Emperor Valenti7iian made a L,aw, that twelve 
 Bufhels fhould be fold at fuch a Sum; a certain 
 Sea-faring Man, adting in Violation of this Law, 
 forfeited his right Hand. This, they tell you, 
 was the Reafon why Valentinian order 'd two bra- 
 zen Hands to be fet up in a Nich of fome Place in 
 the Amajlrianum^ and the brazen Bufhel to be 
 placed between them. Others fay, that Valenti- 
 nia7i commanded, that this Bufhel fliould not be 
 fold by the Strike, but in full Meafure ; aijid that 
 a certain Offender lofl both his Hands, for not 
 oblerving this Order. Cedrmiis writes, that fome 
 Places here were call'd the Amajirianum^ from a 
 forry abandon'd Fellow, a Native of Amaflriun^ 
 who laying under the deepefl Scandal for curling 
 the Faphlagonians^ and to efcape the Punillimenc 
 of Homicide, fled for Shelter to Conjla?ninoplc. 
 3 The 
 
lo8 The Anticluittes 
 
 The fame Author writes, that in the fame Place 
 there was a very large Temple of the Sun and 
 Moon, where were carved, at the Charge of Fhi-^ 
 dalia, the Sun riding in a '.vhite Chariot, and the 
 Moon as his Spoufe fitting y-j him. Below thefe 
 Figures, near ihe Ground, was cut a powerful 
 Prince, prefcribing the Rules of Obedience to his 
 People. Near his Throne was carv'd a Jupiter^ ' 
 in a recumbent Pofture, which was the Work of 
 Phidias, If the Houfe before mention'd was the 
 Houfe of the learned Craterus a Sophift, there 
 was creeled his Suggejlum, or Defk, which has 
 been celebrated in Verfe by Julian the Mgyptian^ 
 Befides the Curiofities, the ninth JVard alfo con- 
 tain'd the famous Baths of Anafiafia, which took 
 their Name, as Marcellinus fays, from Anajiafia 
 the Sifter of Confiantine. Sozomen writes, that 
 Marcian the Grammarian was Tutor to the two 
 Daughters of the Emperor Valens, Anajiafia and 
 Carofia ; and that the Baths which went by their 
 Names, were (landing in Confiantinople in his- 
 Time. 
 
 Chap. 
 
of Constantinople. 2op 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 Of the third galley ^ and the tenth Ward ; 
 of the Houfe ^/Placidia, and her Pa- 
 lace -^ of the Ko^tdiwQ^ ^/Valentin!- 
 an, the Bagnio's /?/ Conilantinc, and 
 the Nympheum. 
 
 THAT the tenth Ward extended itlelf to- 
 wards the North, and that it was fituate in 
 the third Valley, and on the Eaft Side of it j as alio 
 on the Top of the Promontory^ rifing above the 
 jthird Valley, is evident from the Author of the 
 Defcription of the Wards^ who writes, that the 
 tenth Ward is divided from the ninth by a broad 
 Wayi that it lies much more upon the Level; 
 that 'tis in no part of it uneven, but near the Sea 
 Shore; that 'tis of a proportionable Length and 
 Breadth; and that it contains the Church of St. 
 Achatius^ the Bag?iios of Conftantine^ the Houfe 
 of Placidia Aiigiijia^ and many other fine Build- 
 ings. But I could not find, after the utmofl Search 
 and Enquiry, the Situation of any of them ; fo 
 that I was obliged to have Recourfe to the Au- 
 thority of Hiflorians who had wrote of thefe Mat- 
 ters; and in confulting them, I could not but 
 take Notice of a Miflake in the Author of the De- 
 fcription^ &c. who fays, that this Ward contain'd 
 the Bagnio s of Conftantine^ whereas I cannot find, 
 that Corftantine ever had any Bagnios at Conftan- 
 
 P tinopky 
 
2IO Tloe Amticluities 
 
 tinopk, but that Confianttus had. For Sozomen, 
 fpeaking of thofe Perfons, who, favouring St. 
 Chryfofiom and his Docflrine, were expelled the 
 City, fays, 'Hhat perceknng the People to be fu- 
 rioujly enraged againji the?n, they did not ajfemhle 
 the next Day in the great Churchy but celebrated 
 the Holy Communion in a Bagnio, which was called 
 the Bagnio of Conflantius. Suidas reports^ that 
 ElladiUvS Alexandrinus wj'ote a DeJc?'iption of the 
 Bagnio's of Conflantius, in the 'T'ijne of Theodo- 
 fius the Lefs. Socrates relates^ that Valens the 
 Rmperor commanded the Walk o/'Chalcedon to be 
 taken down^ and the Sto?2es to be can'ied to Con- 
 flantinople to build a Bagnio, which was to be 
 called //^^ Bagnio o/'Conftantius; and adds, T'hat 
 in one of thefe Stojies was cut a Prophecy, which 
 had been hid for many Ages ^ but was then ex- 
 plained J viz. "That ■ when the City abounded with 
 Water, a Wall would be of fome Service to a Bag- 
 nio, and that numberlefs Nations of the Barbari- 
 ans, f:otdd invade the Territories of the Romans, 
 make great Devafatio?2s there, but at laft Jl:ould 
 be overcofne. The Prophecy, as defcribed by So- 
 crates, is as follows: 
 
 When fe?ider Virgins JJo all in Circles dance 
 Around the publick Ciftern, and with Flowjers 
 Drcfs the capacious Vcfel, when the Streets - 
 
 Shall bewithfragr ant Sweets, andGar lands crown' d^ 
 When riftng Waters fl: all orejlow its Top, 
 And a Stojie-Bafon made to catch them i?t; 
 A mighty Hoji, in Jhining Armour clad, 
 A wild and warlike Race, Jhall come from far. 
 And pafs the rapid Danube V^/'Uf'r Streams : 
 
 Scythia, 
 
 k 
 
 k 
 
 ti 
 
^/Constantinople. 211 
 
 Scythia, andM^efidi's Lands immeafurable 
 
 Shall be defpolled by their All-conquering Sword : 
 
 All Thx2iQQjk all fear, the fatal Period's come. 
 
 Zonaras and Cedrinus write this Prophecy the 
 fame Way, but differ in the Greek from Socrates, 
 and put for ^^oxi^lu)^ 'n^Iaj^ for Xar^dio, Xar^oTa-it 
 for ctyyct fucLPuuipcvTO.^ cty^ fxctpycuvonct^ for kuK" 
 KiDom, KifAf^ipioiQ. This Prophecy is thus inter- 
 preted by Socrates, who tells us, that it was fully 
 accomplifhed, when Valens built an AqueduBy 
 which fupplied the City with Plenty of Water, 
 when the Barbarous Nations invaded the Territo- 
 ries of New Kome. However, it is capable of 
 being interpreted in another Manner. For after 
 Valens had brought the AqueduB into Conftanti- 
 nople, Clearchus, the PrefeB of the City, built a 
 large Ciftern in the Forum of T'heodofus, into 
 which the AqueduB emptied it felf, and the Peo- 
 ple were there entertained at a jovial Feaft, and 
 that therefore it was called the plentiful Ciflerny 
 ■■- which they tell you, was foretold by the Prophe- 
 cy in the Lines abovementioned. But fome Part 
 of this Prophecy was not fulfxlled till fome Time 
 ; after, when the Wall of Chalcedon was pulling 
 : down by the Order of Valejis. At this Time the 
 I People of Nicomedia, of Nice, and Bithynia, pe- 
 I titioned the Emperor againft it, who being high- 
 ly difpleafed with them for it, could hardly be 
 i prevailed upon to comply with their Petition; 
 1 and therefore to difengage himfelf from an Oath 
 he had made to demolifh the Wall, he ordered 
 other Stones to be placed in their Room, as faft 
 as the old ones were taken down. So that you 
 
 P 2 may 
 
2 12 Tie A N T I dU I T I E S 
 
 may fee at prefent, what a mean Superftrudture 
 is railed upon the Remains of the old Wall, 
 which confiftcd of Stones of the largefl, andmoft 
 wonderful Size Zonara^ and Cedrinus record it 
 alfo, that Vijiens to exprefs his Refentment againft 
 the People of Chalcedony for giving Protedtion to 
 his Enemy Procopius, commanded the Walls of 
 tlieir City to be demoliihed, and an AqueduB to 
 be made of their Stones, which the former Hi- 
 ftorian fometimes calls the AqueduB of Valens^ 
 and the latter fometimes the AqueduB of ValentU 
 iiian ; and adds, among other PafTages of the Hi-» 
 ftory before mentioned, that according to the 
 Prophecy, the Barbarous Nations made their In^ 
 curfions into T^hrace^ but were afterwards de- 
 feated. The AqueduB of Valcntinian^ which is 
 highly arched, paffing thro' the tenth Ward, 
 reaches from the Sides of the fourth, to the Side 
 of the third Hill. I fiiould be much furprized, 
 that the Author of the Defer iptio?i of the IVards^ 
 who has taken Notice of the Granaries oiValpiti^ 
 nian^ has not mentioned it^ but that I am fenii- 
 ble he has omitted many other Monuments of 
 Antiquity^ which were in Being in his Time. In 
 the Reign of Conftantine^ the Son of heo the Em*- 
 peror (who was a declared Enemy to Images in 
 Churches) and in the Year of our Lord 759, 
 there was fo great a Drought at Confantinople^ 
 that the Dew ceas'd to fall from Heaven, and 
 all the Cifterns, Bagnio' Sy and Fountains of the* 
 City were dry'd up ; which the Emperor obfer- 
 ving, he began to repair the AqueduB of Valen^ 
 thiian, which continued in good Order, till the 
 Reign of iieracliusj when it v/as demoliihed by 
 
 the 
 
^/Constantinople. 213 
 
 the Avares. Upon this he fent for Workmen 
 , from many Places to rebuild it ; from AJia and 
 Tontus he had a Thoufand. Builders, and two 
 hundred White-wafhers j from Greece five 
 ^hundred Brick-makers , and from 'Xhrace a 
 Thoufand Day-labourers , over whom there 
 prelided a Nobleman, and fome of the princi- 
 pal Men of the City, as Surveyors of the 
 Works. When the AquednSi was finiflied, the 
 City was again fupplied with Water, which was 
 conveyed into the Town through a Paffage ly- 
 ing between the ninth and the tenth Ward. 
 There are many fubterraneous AquediiBs which 
 run through fix of the Hills, but the AqueduB of 
 J^alentmia?! has its Courfe above Ground, which 
 the Hifliorians, who have wrote of the ABions 
 oi Andi'-onicus tell you, pafi^d through the Great 
 .Foriim^ that the Water of it was clear and plea- 
 fant, that it was repaired and enlarged by Andro- 
 nicus himfelf, and that he encrcafed its Current 
 by the River Hydrales. At the Spring-head, 
 from whence this AqueduB arofe, he built a 
 • Tower and a Palace, where he ufed to divert him- 
 felf in the Summer. Pie alfo brought the Wa- 
 ter from the fame River into the Blacherji.^^ 
 which is a Part of the Suburbs. The Tower 
 was ruined by Ifacius his Succefibr, in pure Re- 
 fentment to his Memory. We are told by Pro^ 
 copiuSy that Jujiimafi repaired the Church of A- 
 chatius^ when injured by Time; that he placed 
 white Marble Pillars round it, and that he paved 
 and incrufted the Sides of it with the fame kind 
 of Marble, fo that the whole Building was beau- 
 tifully white. There were two Porticos adjoyn- 
 
 P 3 ing 
 
214 "^^^ ANTiaUITIES 
 
 ing to the Church, one which opening to the 
 Forum, is encompaffed with Pillars. This Paf- 
 fage is not inferted in the printed Edition of Pro- 
 CGpiiis, which induced me the more to take No- 
 tice of it here. Cedrimis writes, that the Church 
 of St. Achatiiis flood in a Place called the Hep- 
 tafcalum j others fay, that it flood in the Scala ; 
 but no body at prefent knows where that Place 
 was. However, if any one hereafter fhould have 
 the Curiofity to enquire where this Church flood, 
 I would advife him to take along with him the 
 following Diredion. Let him enquire where the 
 great Houfe flands, which Hiflorians call the Ca^ 
 rya, becaufe there flands in the Area of it a Nut 
 Tree, upon which, they tell you, that Achatim 
 was put to Death, and upon that Occaiion, that 
 a Church was built in Memory of him, which 
 fome think, was lituate in the Neorium, becaufe 
 they have feen it in fome Authors, that the Image 
 of St. Achafius, made with Glafs Stones, and in- 
 lay'd with Gold, was placed in the Church of the 
 Neorhim. But the Perfon of whom this is fpoke 
 was another Achatius, who, not only, as many 
 Hiflorians, but as Suidas the Grammarian tells us, 
 was Bifhop oiConfiantimple in the Time of heo 
 MarcelluSj but a Man of fo proud and haughty a 
 Spirit, that he commanded many of his Pictures 
 to be placed in Churches, while he was yet alive, 
 from whence he was called Doxomanes. The 
 Houfe of Flacidia, I have obferved before, flood 
 in the firfl Ward^ fo that it may be queflioned, 
 whether it ought to be read Domus Placidia, or 
 Tlacillce, or Placid^e-, {ov Agathius takes Notice 
 of the Palaces of Piacidcs or Placidi, in the fol- 
 lowing Infcription. The 
 
^/"Constantinople. iij 
 
 The learned Agathius upon a Picture in the Pa- 
 lace of Placidia, fet up by the Gentlemen of 
 the LONG ROBE, or new Chancery. 
 
 T'he learned Sages of the Law have placed 
 
 At their Expence^ great Thomas' PiBure here. 
 
 Near that which reprefents his Royal Miftrefs. 
 
 'This mighty Honour he's entitled to^ 
 
 In that hcfirvd his Prince with Faithfidnefs, 
 
 And was the confiant Guardian of his T'hroJie : 
 
 His Prudence fill d the Royal Treafury, 
 
 And raisd th' Imperial Family^ yet higher. 
 
 To celebrate his Worthy for Times to cojne. 
 
 His Picture Jlnnes amongjl our Emperors. 
 
 Beyond the Rocks called SciroJtides^ Dionyfius men- 
 tions a long Shore in a Plain of the third Valley, 
 and the fourth Hill, which is looked upon as a 
 remarkable Place for Fifliing; for 'tis a very deep 
 and a very flill Water, w^hich v/as antiently call'd 
 Cycla^ becaufe the Greeks had formerly hemm'd 
 in there the Barbarians. There is alfo in the 
 fame Place, an Altar dedicated to Minerva Difji- 
 patoria^ which was ered:ed in Memory of that 
 Ad:ion. Beyond Cycla is a Creek called Melias, 
 another famous Place for Fifhing, which is en- 
 clofed with feveral Rocks, and a Ridge of the 
 Promontory hanging over the Sea. There is no 
 Creek in this Valley at prefent. Time has filled 
 it up, as we learn from Strabo^ who writes, that 
 this Creek was called Ceras^ becaufe it had many 
 Inlets into the Shore in the Form of a Deer's 
 Horn, but there's fcarce any Appearance of them 
 at prefent. Zofimus^ who wrote his Hiilory in 
 the Reign of Arcadius and Honorius, tells us, that 
 
 P 4 Conftanti" 
 
il6 The Antiq^uities 
 
 Conftantinople was then fo crowded with Inhabi- 
 tants, that the Emperors did not only enlarge the 
 Walls beyond thofe of Conjlanttne^ but that they 
 built upon Timber Foundations over the Sea. 
 This Method of Building, 'tis probable, very 
 much contributed in Time to incumber and flop 
 up thefe Inlets of the Creek. At the End of the 
 Creek called Melias^ is a Place which goes by the 
 Name of K^V(^, becaufe 'tis very good Garden 
 Ground. Beyond the Garden is a Place named 
 Afpafius:, but of this I have fpoken in my T^reatifi 
 of the Bojponis. 
 
 I'he End of the Third Book, 
 
 THE 
 
( ii7 ) 
 
 Ei,^ 
 
 
 THE 
 
 ANTIQUITIES 
 
 O F 
 
 Constantinople. 
 
 . 
 
 BOOK IV. 
 
 C H A P. I. 
 
 Of the Eleventh Ward^ and of the Fotmh 
 and Fifth Hills. 
 
 Had been at a Lofs to difcover the 
 eleventh Wafd^ (which, the' the a?i^ 
 cient Defcriptiofi of the Wards men- 
 tions to have been wider in Compafs 
 than the Tenth, and in no Part of it 
 bounded by the Sea 3 as alfo that it partly confift- 
 
 ed 
 
21 8 The Antic^uitifs 
 
 ed of a Level, and partly of a riflng Ground) un- 
 lefs the Author had fubjoin'd, that it contain'd al- 
 fo the Church of the Apojlles^ And tho' at pre- 
 fent there's nothing remaining of that Church, 
 yet I was inform'd by fome ancient People of 
 Conjlantinopk, who fold me, that they remem-* 
 bred it flood upon the Back of the fourth Hill; 
 which fell upon a Hill of the third Valley, 
 near the Sadlers Shops, and the Sepulchre of Ma^ 
 hornet the Emperor. I obferve from hence, that 
 the eleventh Ward was Part on the Top of the 
 fame Hill, and Part on the North Side of it. I 
 fhall {hew by what follows, that this Ward 
 reach'd to the Land-Wall of the City, which di- 
 vided the Eleventh, from the fourteenth Ward, 
 and which was alfo itfelf divided from the City 
 by an intermediate Space of Land. I fliall con- 
 vince the Reader prefently, that this Ward was 
 fituate on the fixth Hill, without the Walls of 
 the City, and was afterwards wall'd round by 
 ^heodofius the Lefs. The Walls built by Conjian- 
 tine are fa id to have reach'd as far as the Churches 
 of St. Anthony, and St. Mary, who was call'd 
 Rabdos, and from thence to have rifen to a Land- 
 Wall call'd Exacionion, which took its Name 
 from hence, "jiz. That without the Laiid-Wall 
 there ilood a Pillar, on which was erected the 
 Statue of Conjlantine the Great. Some modern 
 Writers will have it, that he built a Church 
 which he dedicated to the Holy T^rinity in a 
 Place call'd the Exacionion, now call'd the 
 Church of the Apojiles-, for, if I am not miftaken, 
 the Walls of Conjlantine were built upon the 
 Borders of the fourth and fifth Hill, near the 
 
 Lxacio- 
 
<?/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. lip 
 
 \xaciomon, Cedrimis writes, that the Walls of 
 :he City, the beautiful Churches, the fine Houfes 
 feated in the 'Exacionion were thrown down by a 
 idreadful Earthquake. They tell us in other 
 'Places, tho' not confidently with themfelves, 
 Ithat there were 'Portico' ^ which reach'd from the 
 Miliarhmi to the Street call'd T^aurus^ and to 
 the Gates of St. Johri the Baptifi's Church near 
 the Hippod7'om, which are more than a thoufand 
 Roman Paces diftant from the Church of the 
 VjApojlles^ and as far from the Walls of the City 
 which were built by Conjiantine^ as may be ga- 
 ll ther'd from the following PafTage of Sozomen. 
 T'heodofms^ fays this Author, leading his Army a- 
 \ gainjl Eugenius, went a Mile out of the City to 
 the Church of St. John, which he had built in the 
 Hepdomum. This Hepdomum was a Part of the 
 Suburbs of the Citv, but is now enclos'd within 
 I the Walls, as will appear when I come to fpeak 
 of it. If the Pillar from whence the Exacionion 
 took its Name, was the fame with that high Pil- 
 lar which ftood on the Top of the fifth Hill, 
 and was feen not long fince at a great Diftance 
 from the City, above all the Houfes, we might 
 eafily difcover, that the Walls built by Conjian- 
 tine did not reach beyond this Pillar, which ftood 
 about half a Mile's diftance from the Church of 
 the Apofiles. I faw this Pillar took to Pieces, and 
 remov'd for building a Mofque, by Order oi Soly- 
 man the Emperor. The Bafe^ the Pedeftal^ and 
 the Foundation of it were of white Marble. The 
 Foundation-Stone alone was fo high, that I could 
 not climb it without a Ladder. The Pedeftal 
 was four Foot and nine Digits high, and the 
 
 Blintb 
 
2 20 lloe Ant icLui TIES 
 
 Plinth one Foot, and fix Digits. The Greeks 
 and the T^iirh^ each in their Dialed, call'd it the 
 Pillar of the Virgiji, which I take to be that ce- 
 lebrated by our modern Writers, which they fay 
 was ereded upon a Hill, and fupported the Sta- 
 tue of Venus, carv'd in Stone. When the An- 
 cient Lkjcription of the Wards tells us, that the 
 eleventh Ward is no Ways bounded by the Sea, 
 it mufl be fo underftood as to mean, that the 
 Plain Htuated between the Bay of Ceras^ and the 
 Foot of the fourth Hill, was not within the Walls, 
 fince the fame '\treatije mentions, that the City 
 was fix thoufand one hundred and fifty Foot 
 broad J that is, a Mile and two hundred and 
 thirty Paces ; for the Latitude of the IfihmuSy 
 which ftretches itfelf over the fourth and feventH 
 Hill, thro' which the old Wall extended itfelf; 
 exceeds the Breadth abovemention'd. But Zofi- 
 mus, an ancient Hiftorian, fays, that Confiantine 
 the Great fo wholly furrounded the City with a 
 Wall, that it cut off the IJihmus from Sea to Sea» 
 So that upon the whole, there is a Neceflity tq 
 place the Plain, fituate between the Bay, and the 
 Bottom of the fourth Hill, in the tenth Ward, 
 
 Chap. 
 
.of Constantinople. hi 
 
 Chap. II. 
 
 Of the Church of the Apoflles^ the SepuU 
 chre of Conftantine the Great ^ the 
 Ctflern (?/^ A read i us a?2d JModeftus, of 
 the Palace of Placilla, and the Bra- 
 zen Bull. 
 
 TIS attefted by Eifebhis^ That Confianthie 
 the Great built the Church of the Ap(h- 
 \ files to a great Heighth, that he incrufted it with 
 all Sorts of variegated Marble, which caft a beau- 
 tiful Luftre from Top to Bottom 3 that he adorn'd 
 it with fmall gilded Roofs, and cover'd it with 
 Plates of Brafs deeply gilt, which caft a blazing 
 Reflexion to a great Diftance. The upper Pare 
 of this venerable Strucflure, was curioufly wrought 
 all round it with Brafs and Gold, and was en- 
 lightned with Abundance of Lattices and Win- 
 dows. Round the Church there was a fine 
 Court lying open to the Air. The Portico's 
 which enclos'd it, flood in a Quadrangular Man- 
 ner. Near the Porticos flood the Palace, the 
 Bagnio s^ the Cloyflers, and many other Houfes 
 and Buildings belonging to the Ecclefiafticks, and 
 other Minifters of the Church. Thefe bounti- 
 ful Benefadiions has the pious Emperor handed 
 down to Pofterity in Memory of the Apojiles of 
 the bleffed Saviour of Mankind, to whom alfo 
 he confecrated twelve Purfes of Gold. The Cof- 
 fin 
 
K 
 
 111 7 he Aktjq_uities 
 
 fin In which he intended to be buried after he 
 
 was dead, was plac'd by his Order in the Body 
 
 of the Church, and guarded with tlie twelve 
 
 Apofiles in Effigy. 'Tis added by Socrates^ that j 
 
 the Body of Confiantine lying in a golden Coffin, 
 
 was brought into the City by his intimate Friends, 
 
 and buried in the Church of the Apojlks. I am \ 
 
 inclin'd to believe, that Zonaras never read Eiife- 
 
 biuSj when he tells us, that 'twas buried in the 
 
 Cloyfter of the Church of the Apofiles, which, he 
 
 fays, was built by Conjiantlus for the Interrment 
 
 of his Father. Near the broad Way which 
 
 ftretches itfelf along the Top of the Promontory^ 
 
 from the Church of St. Sophia, to the Gate of A- 
 
 drianople, (hard by the Place where flood the 
 
 Church of the Apofiles,) there is (hewn to this 
 
 Day, a Coffin made of Forphyry Marble, empty; 
 
 and without a Cover, ten Foot long, and five 
 
 Foot and a half broad, which the Greeks and 
 
 I'urks fay, was the Coffin of Co7ifia7itine the' 
 
 Great j but I cannot vouch for the Truth of it : 
 
 Yet the Authorities of Socrates and Eufebius feem' 
 
 to be fomewhat doubtful, who tell us, that he 
 
 was buried in a golden Coffin, unlefs perhaps the 
 
 golden Coffin was inclos'd in that of the Porphyry 
 
 Slarble. Zonaras is of Opinion, that 'Theodora., 
 
 the Wife of 'Jufttnian, built the Church of the 
 
 Apofiles-, and adds, that there was anciently in the 
 
 fame Place a Church of the Apojiles, but much 
 
 Inferior in Beauty and Magnificence to that 
 
 which ftands at prefent, on the fame Ground, 
 
 Pf'ocopius fays, that there had been for fomc 
 
 Ages, a Church at Confiantinople which was 
 
 much impair'd by Time, and likely to fall, 
 
 which 
 
«?/ Constantinople. 223 
 
 which yujiinian order 'd to be taken down, re- 
 built, and enlarg'd, and made in the Figure of a 
 Crofs, the Body of the Church pointing Eafl, 
 and Weft, and the Part croffing it. North, and 
 South. This Church is well wall'd, and adorn'd 
 within with Ranges of Pillars {landing one above 
 another: Evagrius therefore feems to be miftaken, 
 in attributing the Building of this Church to jfu- 
 /Iima?i, when it is evident it was built by Con- 
 Jiantitie the Gj'eat ; and Procopius too grolly flat- 
 ters Jujiifiian in afcribing to him the Building of 
 many fine Structures, whereas, in reality, he on- 
 ly repair'd them when they were old, or rebuilt 
 them when falln too much to decay, or deftroy'd 
 by Fi'^e. There's nothing remaining of this 
 Church at prefent, no, not even of its Founda- 
 tion. You fee only the Ruines of an old Ciftern^ 
 which fupply'd the Church, and the Clergy with 
 Water. There are now {landing upon the fame 
 Spot of Ground about two hundred Sadlers Shops, 
 and TFork-honfeSy where they make and fell not 
 only all kinds of Horfe-Geer, but alfo Leathern 
 Bucketis, Quivers, and Trunks. A little above 
 this Ciflern^ {lands a Mofque, with a Cara^'oajife- 
 ra adjoining to it, {ituate on a Plain, which was 
 built with fquare Stone, after the Form of the 
 Church of St. Sophia^ out of the Ruins and Sa- 
 crilege of the Church of the Apojiles^ and other 
 Chriftian Churches by MaJmnet^ who took the 
 City. The Roof is of a Semicircular Figure, 
 made of Brick- Work, and cover'd with Lead, as 
 are all the publick Buildings of the Turks. 'Tis 
 beautify 'd with a very elegant fquare Porch as 
 broad as the Church itfelf, pav'd with the fine{l: 
 
 Marble, 
 
2 24 '^^^ Antiquities 
 
 Marble, and adorn'd with fquare Portico's. The 
 Arches of them, which bear up the Roof, are 
 fupported with very large Pillars of Marble, cir- 
 rioufly variegated. In the Middle of it is a Foun- 
 tain with nine Pipes, whofe Waters fall into a 
 great Bafon. Round the Mofque is a fpacious 
 Court, Part of which is enclos'd with Walls, 
 and Part with long kind of Houfes, fome of 
 which are inhabited by their Priefls, and School- 
 Mafters. In the Eaftern Part of this Court 
 there's a Garden, in the Middle of which 
 ftands the Sepulchre of Mahomet, built in i. 
 Cylindric Form of the whitefl Marble. 'Tis 
 covered with Lead, lighted with Windows, 
 and has a Door of Entrance into it. In the Mid- 
 dle of this Structure is the Coffin of Mahomet^ 
 cover'd with Velvet, placed on the Ground on a 
 rich Carpet. The Ground is wholly covered with 
 the moft collly Carpets, where the Priefls continu- 
 ally Ht, and guard the Body Night and Day. A 
 little without the Court are feveral large Cara-^ 
 'uajiferas, built alfo with fquare Stone, which 
 have Court-yards in the Middle of them, and 
 Portico's furrounded with Marble Pillars. Thefe 
 Carava?ifera's have large Gardens adjoyning to 
 them. In fliort, this Mofque, with the adjacent 
 Buildings round the Court, with the Carava?2je' 
 rds and Gardens, take up a Space of Ground fl^ 
 Furlongs in Compafs. Mahomet, the fame Em- 
 peror, built in this Place, where had formerly 
 been the Old Cijlern of Arcadius, or ModeJIus, 
 the largeft Bag?iio's in all the City. Thefe Baths 
 were of two Kinds, fome for Men, and fome for 
 Women. They adjoin to each other, but have 
 3 different 
 
^/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L F. 1 2 5" 
 
 different Entries without any PaiTage out of one 
 .'into the other. I iliall only delcribe the Mens 
 Baths ; becaufe the Womens arc like them. 
 The firft Place you enter is the Room where they 
 undrefs. From hence you pais into the hot, and 
 from thence into the cold Bath. They all ftand 
 in one Range , and are only feparated by Walls 
 from each other. The Room where they undrefs 
 is a fquare Scrudture, built of fquare Stone up to 
 the Roof, which is arch'd and built with Brick ; 
 the Infide of which, meafuring two hundred and 
 fifty eight Foot in compafs, is furrounded with an 
 Afcent of Stone, above fix Foot broad, and three 
 Foot high. The Wall of this Room, from the 
 Pavement to the Bottom of the arch'd Roof is 
 
 .thirty {even Foot high. In the Middle of the 
 
 'Floor, which is pav'd with Marble, there's a 
 large Marble Bafon, which is thirty feven Foot in 
 compafs, and three Foot deep, which is always 
 fiipply'd from a Fountain of Spring Water. 
 There are two Doors out of the flripping Room 
 into the hot Bath. This Apartment is a hundred 
 Foot in compafs in the Infide of it, and is fup- 
 
 ■ ported with four Arches, which bear up a Dome 
 at the Top. It contains eight Cells or bathing 
 Rooms ; one of which, not above half fo large as 
 the reft, has fome Privies behind it, which are 
 cleans'd by an Efflux of all the Waters which are 
 turn'd out of the Bath. Six of thefe Cells have, 
 each of them, a bathing Ciftern, and are built in 
 
 . fuch a Manner, that two of thefe Arches hang 
 each of them over one bathing Roomj from 
 whence you may pafs, on the Right and on the 
 Left, into another. The Cells under the other 
 
 Q_ two 
 
ii6 The Antiquities 
 
 two Arches are fo lorm'd, that that Arch which ^ 
 is neareft the Doors which lead out of the flrip. 
 ping Room into the hot Bath, hangs over a very 
 large bathing Room. 'Tis pav'd with Marble, 
 and the T^iirh wafh their Linen in this Place. A 
 plain Wall arch'd at top parts the hot from the 
 cold Bath. In the Middle of the hot Bath there 
 is a Bafon with a Fountain playing. There is 
 but one Door which leads out of the hot into the 
 cold Bath. This Apartment has eight Arches 
 which fupport its Dome, and contains eight bath- 
 ing Places, which project beyond the Sphere of 
 its Dome, and encircle the whole Bagnio, which 
 is about ninety Foot in compafs. The whole 
 Pavement of it is lay'd with Marble, and in the 
 Middle of it is built an Afcent in the Form of 
 an OBagon, which is fifty feven Foot, and nine 
 Inches in Circumference, and two Foot and four 
 Digits high. Round the OB agon there runs a 
 Channel of Water, which is of the fame Depth j 
 with the Height of the Octagon. The four in-j 
 ward bathing Rooms are lituate in four Angles,: 
 and are each of them every Way eleven Foot and I 
 three Digits broad, and thefc are call'd the Hot- 
 Houfes or Sweating-Bagnio' s. The Dimenfion 
 of the two Bathing Rooms, which are fituate 
 without the two Arches, is the fame. The other | 
 fix Bathing Rooms are of a Semicircular Figure,! 
 and ftand under fix Arches within the Circle of 
 the Dome of the hot Bath. At the Bottom of 
 the Pillars which fupport the Arches, they are 
 eleven Foot in length, and five Foot nine Inches 
 in breadth. Every one of thefe Bathing Rooms 
 has a Marble Cijiern wherein they bath -, and in 
 
 one 
 
 fc 
 
of Constantinople. 227 
 
 one of them above the reft, there is ercifled a 
 tlately Marble Throne. There are no Lights in 
 the Walls either of the hot or cold Baths, tho* 
 the Domes of them are wholly illuminated with 
 Glafs-Windows. The Stoke-Hole, which is two 
 Foot and a half in compafs, and of the fame 
 height, is built without the Baths. They keep a 
 conftant Fire in it, which heats a Brazen Veliel, 
 whence it emits its warm Steams thro' Pipes 
 laid in a flrait, and an oblique Manner, by that 
 means heating the Bottom of the Cijierns in which 
 they bath. There is a Rivulet in a Field of the 
 Suburbs, about Hx Foot in breadth, which runs 
 near the Stoke-Hole. There are Pipes laid in this 
 Brook, which convey the Water thro' the Walls 
 of thefe Baths into all Parts of them. One of 
 thefe Pipes which palTes thro' a heated Earthen 
 Veflel, upon turning a Cock, fupplies the Cijlerm 
 with hot Water J the other Pipe which rifes high- 
 er, upon the turning of an other Cock, tempers 
 the hot Water according to the Pleafure of the 
 Perfon who baths in it. But I fhall treat of the 
 \3iz of Bathing, and the Way of building Bag- 
 nios among the T!urh in another Place. I re- 
 turn now to the eleventh Ward^ which Procopius 
 ' : takes Notice of, when he tells us, that T'heodora 
 the Confort of "JufUnian addrefs'd herfelf to him 
 in the following Manner : We have^ may it pleafe 
 I your Lnperial Majejiy, other Palaces Jiill ?'e?nai?i- 
 I ifjg^ which are caWd the Palaces of Helena, as 
 "■■ we have alfo thofe o/'Placilla, the Wife of Theo- 
 ■ dolius the Great. For as Juftinus ho?20ur'd his 
 Emprefs with feveral noble Palaces^ which , after 
 ' her own Name^ were caWdthe Palaces ^/'Sop-iia, 
 
 0^2 fo 
 
2i8 TToe ANTiauiTiES 
 
 fo it is highly probable that Theodofius did Pla- 
 cilia the fame Honour i?i building a Palace for her^ 
 which was call'd the Palace c/Placilla. / am /«- 
 duc'd to believe this^ becaufe he pajjionately lo-v'd 
 her^ and by Reafon of that jirong Refe?itment he 
 bore to the People of Anxioc\ whofn he fubjeSfed 
 to the Dominion of the Laodenfes, for deinoUJlAng 
 the Statues of Placilla, plac'd in his own Forum, 
 becaufe he layd an additional T'ribute upon them. 
 This Palace may not improperly be call'd alfo the 
 Palace of Flacilla, of whom Claudian fpeaks in 
 the following Lines : S 
 
 "Tis Spain alone^ fiibjeB to pote?tt Rome, 
 Which pays her 'Tribute in her P.mperours, 
 Pro^'cifwn, 'Taxes, and Confederate Bands 
 Rome by her Arms in evry Nation raifes. 
 Which bows its Head to her fuperiour Greatnefs. 
 Spain only furnijhes a Race of Princes, > 
 
 Wlf\ Bold, and Warlike, fornidfor E?npire, 
 And fit to rule the Mifirefs of the World. 
 Nor pleased alone to fend her valiant SonSy 
 Unlefs afecond Offering fhe juade, ^ 
 
 Of princely Mothers, noble Emprefes, 
 Flacilla, Maria, pious, humble, good; 
 And fair Serena, full of blooming Charms. 
 
 The Brazen Bull was plac'd in the eleventh 
 Ward. In what Part of that Ward it was plac'd 
 might eafily be conjeftnr'd from a large Ciftcrn^ 
 which, the modern Hiftorians write, was built 
 near it by Nicetas an Eunuch, in the Reign 
 of the Emperor Theophilus, if that Ciftern was 
 now in being. If the Bull itfelf was remaining, 
 or the Forum where it flood, I had heard fome- 
 3 thing 
 
 II 
 
<?/' Constantinople. 229 
 
 thing of it. Tzetzes in his Hiftory writes, that 
 .the Forum Bovis was fo call'd from the Braze?t 
 Bull. This Bull is more particularly defcrib'd by 
 ^onaras^ who fays, that the Body of the unhappy 
 tyrant Phocas ivas burnt at a Place call'd Bos, 
 where there was a Stove, or Fire-Place Jet up in 
 the Form of a Btdly which was brought from Troy. 
 Cedrinus relates, that Antypas the Martyr was 
 burnt to Death in this Bull. It is a plain In- 
 ilance of the Cruelty and Tyranny of fome of 
 the Emperors of Conjlantinople, that they us'd to 
 punifli Malefactors with a Death fo tormenting. 
 The like Example of Barbarity we have in Peril- 
 luSj or rather Perilaus, a Brazier of Attica^ who 
 made a Brazen Bull for the Execution of Phala- 
 ris, but iirft fuffer'd in it himfelf This Piece of 
 Workmanfliip, fays Pliny y was preferv'd a long 
 Time, that thole, who faw it, might curfe the 
 Hand that made it. I am more inclin'd to be- 
 lieve, that this Bull was brought from Sicily, or 
 Italy. I enquir'd after it, but could hear nothing 
 of it, altho' the Inhabitants are not ignorant, that 
 there was formerly luch a Bull at Co?i/lantinop/e, 
 and are us'd to boaft of a Prophecy, which has 
 been handed down to them from their Anceftors, 
 concerning fuch a Bull-, and lallly, altho' they 
 believe their 6wn Interpretation of it to be more 
 agreeable to Truth than that of Tzetzes, who 
 explain'd it above three hundred and feventy Years 
 ago in the following Manner. There was a 
 mighty Talk of a Prophecy at Con/lantinople fome 
 Time ago, which run in thefe Words : BiV /3jj;V« 
 re, K, Tcuj^(^ ^ B-^lwYio-Gi, Bos 7?iugiet, Taurus 
 liigebit. The People conje(ftur'd from hence, 
 
 Q_3 fays 
 
230 Tloe Anticluittes 
 
 fays be, that great Calamities fhould befal the 
 City, thr.t they fhould be perplex'd v/ith ama^ 
 zing Fears, that an innumerable Army of Ger- 
 7nam^ and other Nations, fhould come againft the 
 Town; and that they fliould be all terrify'd 
 and affrighted with ftrange Dreams, by Reafon 
 of the Plundering and Deflrudion of their City. 
 Upon vv^hich, the Wife of the Grand Het^riarcbi 
 being in great Confternation, and her Fears and 
 Fancies being encreas'd by fome fabulous Verfes 
 made upon the Occafion, fhe imagin'd fhe 
 dream'd of all that had been the Town- Talk for 
 fome Time befofe. She dream'd thsit Conjlanfi- 
 nople was wall'd round with Brick, that near the 
 Forum Bovisj or the Place call'd Bos, (he faw 
 infinite Numbers of arm'd Forces drawn up in 
 Battle array, and that hard by the Street call'd 
 Taurus, fhe faw a Man in a melancholly Pofture 
 exprefTing his Grief in a mournful Tone, and 
 beating his Breafl. The credulous Woman be- 
 lieving the Deftrudion of the City was at hand, 
 told her Dream to T'zetzes, who thus interpret- 
 ed it : T'he Brick Wallsy fays he, which you Jatv^ 
 denote great Plenty of Provijion to Conftantino- 
 ple. Toil arefenfible^ Gentlemen^ fays he, (fpeak- 
 ing to thofe who ftood by him) how wonderfully 
 that Part of the Prophecy was accomplijh'd at that 
 I'ime. As to that Claufe of it, which mentions 
 that abundance of armed Forces fhall Jland round 
 the Bull, and that a Man in a dijconfolate and 
 forlorn Cofidition jh all fit down by the Bull, which 
 is principally intended by the Prophecy, tho^ not yet 
 fulfill' d\ this may prov^ beneficial^ and advanta^ 
 geous to every Citizen of us. Therefore hear, O 
 
 Conftan- 
 
 ; 
 
^/Constantinople. 231 
 
 Conftantinople, and tell it to others^ that this is 
 the Interpretation of Tzetzes. T'he Ja?ne JVcrdy 
 ^.vhich among us Greeks Jigni/ies a Bidl,fignijies aU 
 fo a CoiVj a?2d Jometimes a Heifer^ and by the 
 Word Taurus or Bull, the Latins call the Italian 
 Bull. Our Cow therefore, which is the famous 
 City o/'Conflantine, and which was built by the 
 Roman Bulls of Italy, full of Arms, ahoundijig 
 with Forces, and Blenty of Frovifion, fiall found 
 an Alarm againfl our E?iefnies j a?id the Italian 
 Bull, which is the Army of the Latins, Jhall look 
 Bale with Fear, and mourn. F'zetzes, without 
 Queftion, was a very learned Man, and this In- 
 terpretation of the Prophecy was cunning enough ; 
 befides that it was a fine Compliment to the Em- 
 prefs , and at the fame Time the Hiflorian 
 pleas'd his own Humour in it, in interpreting the 
 Prophecy according to his own Wifhes. See 
 how ingenious is the Weaknefs of Man to im- 
 pofe upon himfelf ! But at mat Time there was 
 another Interpretation of this Prophecy, which, 
 in the Event, was much more agreeable to Truth, 
 tho' Tzetzes took a great deal of Pains to confute, 
 and expofe it ; and it was the general Opinion of 
 the People of Conjlantinople, that the Army of 
 the Latins would befiege their City, as it happen'd 
 a little Time after, ravaging, burnins;, dellroy- 
 ing every where ; throwing fome of the Ring- 
 leaders of an arbitrary Party from the Top of 
 Theodofiuss Pillar into the Street call'd Taurus, 
 and burning others to Death in the Brazen Bull. 
 The fame Author is no lefs miftaken in the In- 
 terpretation of another Prophecy, which is as 
 follows : Wo be to tbee^ O Conftantinople, feated 
 
 Q_4 on 
 
i^i 7 he Anticluities 
 
 cu fevcn Hills, thou p alt not continue a thou [and 
 Tears. His Explanation of it is this : Althd it 
 be not thy FatCy Conflantinople, to endure a 
 thoufand 27ars, but to he totally defnolijlo' d, yet 
 this ought to be no Occafion of Grief to thee, but the 
 Caufe of foy ; for thou jlmlt rife again from 
 thy Ruines more beautiful, and 7nore enlargd. 
 For thou fjalt be dejiroyed, ev'n to the Advantage 
 of thofe who fjall defroy thee. This Interpreta- 
 tion is a downright Flattery of the principal Lea- i 
 ders of the feveral FaSlions (or Companies of! 
 Charioteers) when they were flruggling for the 
 Government. But take this Interpretation which 
 Way you will, it feems to be a very wild one. 
 For whether the City was demollfli'd by its own 
 Inhabitants, or any foreign Power, it could nei- 
 ther Way be any reafonable Caufe of Joy to them. 
 This Predidion of the Oracle was feconded by 
 another Prediction of the Aftronomers to the fame 
 Purpofe. Some Hiftorians have attefted, as 'tis 
 confirm'd by Suidas, that Co7iftanti7ie the Greaty 
 after he had finifh'd the City, fent for one Valem 
 an AJlronomer of great Skill, and commanded him 
 to enquire what Star had the Afcendant at the 
 Birth of the City, and by that means inform him 
 of the Duration of it. Valens predid:ed that the 
 City would continue fix hundred and ninety 
 Years ; but that Time is part and gone. There- 
 fore, fays Zonaras, I mufl conclude, that this 
 Prophecy of Valens was erroneous, and that there's 
 little Dependance to be had p on the Rules of 
 Afironomy, or otherwife that Vale?js only meant 
 the Time of her Profperity, when the Laws of 
 Polity were fir idly obey'd, when the publick 
 
 Peace 
 
 ' 
 
of Constantinople. 233 
 
 Peace was preferv'd, when their Senate was in 
 high Eftimation among the People, when the 
 Empire flourifh'd and was under a regular Admi- 
 niftration, and there was no fuch Thing as Ty- 
 ranny, and Arbitrary Power among them. But 
 to finifh the Oracular Predidions concerning this 
 City, I come now to ZoJimuSy a very ancient Hi- 
 ftorian, if compar'd with 'Tzetzes, and Zo?iaras. 
 This Author writes, that Conftantinople was ar- 
 riv'd to fuch a State of Grandeur, and Magnifi- 
 cence, that no City in the World was to be com- 
 par'd with it, in point of Greatnefs, or Profperi- 
 ty. And yet, as he proceeds, when after a long 
 Search I could find no divine Oracle, or Prophecy 
 pr'efig?iifying any Increafe of Happinefs to Conftan- 
 tinople, / at laft accidentally, having read many 
 Hifiorians, and other Authors for that Pnrpofe, 
 met ivith an Oracular PrediBion of a Sibyl, nam'd 
 Erythrasa Phaelles, or Phaenno of Epirus. 'This 
 Woman, they tell you, being infpir'd, utter d Ora- 
 cles, to which Nicomedes, the Son of Pruffias, 
 conforming himfelf efpecially in fuch Predi£iions as 
 might be fome Advantage to himfelf entered into 
 a War with his Father. TheOracle runs thus : 
 
 Attend, great King of Thrace, a?id learn thy 
 
 Doom ; 
 Thy /lately City foon thou muft depart. 
 And thy defe?icelefs Sheep fi all follow thee ; 
 The Savage Lions irre/ijilefs Power 
 Shall plunder thee, aji a ravage all thy Stores. 
 Thou from thy princely Grartdeur foon f: alt fall y 
 The Dogs which ?20w in State fiand round thy 
 
 Throne 
 
 Shall 
 
254 ^^ Anticluities 
 
 Shall rouze the Jleepy Wolf^ bold to ajfert 
 His Liberty, nor drag thy fervile Chain. 
 Bithynia's Reahnfjall then become a Prey 
 T^o fierce devouring Wolves^ and Jove'^ Decree 
 transfer thy E?npire hence to fair Byzantium. 
 Happy, thrice happy Monarch would' ft thou be, 
 Couldfi thou repel with Force the ravnous JVolf^ 
 'Thus timely warrid by me : For I am forcd 
 To/peak, and tell the WillofHeavn to Man. 
 Wide Dejolation now attends thee, Thrace j 
 yi heavy Vejigeance waits-, long haft thou tryd. 
 And daringly provoUd the Neighbouring States; 
 And now a Cloud of Woe hangs ore thy Head^ 
 Which daily Jwelling to a larger Size, 
 Shall burfi in Blood, and mine all about thee. 
 
 This Oracle or Prophecy, fays Zofifnus, truly fore- 
 tells, tho* in an iEnigmatical Manner, all the 
 Calamities which would befall the Bythinians, by 
 Reafon of an exceflive Tribute which had been 
 demanded of them, and preligniiies alfo their 
 fpeedy Subjection to the Empire of Conftantiiio^ 
 pie. And tho' this did not happen till a long 
 Time after, yet let no Man from thence infer, 
 that the Time of the Accomplifliment of the 
 Predication was expired before it came to pals.. 
 For all Time is but for a Moment with God, who 
 is eternal. This Interpretation of the Oracle, fays 
 the Hiflorian, / obferved to be true, by comparing 
 the Event of Things with the Words of the Pro- 
 phecy, and adds, that if any other Interpretation 
 feems more agreeable, any one is at his own Liberty 
 to follow it. And to confirm the more this Ex- 
 plication of it, he tells us, how Conftantine the 
 
 Great 
 
<?/ Constantinople. 235- 
 
 Great and his Sons, opprefs'd not only Bithynia, 
 but the whole World with fevere Exadtions, fo 
 that whole Cities, unable to pay the Levies, re- 
 mained defolate. The learned T'zetzes before- 
 mentioned, explains this Oracle in another Man- 
 ner, and fays, that it was delivered by Phaenno. 
 ^his Sybil, fays he, was long ago famous for her 
 Oracles, and foretold fome 'Thiitgs many Ages fine e^ 
 which were accomplifed but a little before the 
 Times we live in ; as the Conqueft of Periia over 
 the Kinpire, the Slavery and Subje£iion of the Em- 
 peror to them, his Dethronement by his People and 
 Nobles, the Wars of the Scythians with the Eajlern 
 Empire, by whom fie feems to mean the Turks. 
 Thus far Zofmus. This Oracle, tho' it be very 
 antient, yet, amidfl: the prefent Ruins of Confan- 
 tinople, it never appeared fo manifeft as now. 
 
 But to proceed in my Narration of other Mo- 
 numents of Antiquity J On the Brow of the fourth 
 Hill, which lies Eailward, you fee a Church 
 built to the Honour of Almighty God, which 
 has been much celebrated in the Writings of mo- 
 dern Hiftorians. The Walls of it within lide are 
 incrufted with feveral Kinds of Marble: It has 
 two Porches or Vefiibules, many lefTer Cupola s co- 
 vered with Lead, the largeft of which is fupport- 
 ed with four Pillars of red Marble variegated, 
 each of which Pillars m.eafures feven Foot in Cir- 
 cumference. There's another Cupola which 
 bears upon four Arches, which are fupported 
 with four Pillars of Thebaic Marble. On the 
 South Side of the fourth Hill there is ereded a 
 Pillar, which nearly refembles that, which was 
 lately, as I obferved, (landing in the Exacionion^ 
 
 but 
 
1^6 The Antiquities 
 
 but is now removed into the Precind; of the -S*^- 
 raglio. Round the Bajis of it there runs a Wreath 
 of Laurel-work, and the Standard of the Crofs, 
 curiouily cut in Bajfo Relievo. At the Foot of 
 the fifth Hill is a double Wall, which enclofes a 
 Street now called Phanariiun^ becaufe as the In- 
 habitants tell you, when the City was formerly 
 befieged, it was built in the Space of one Night 
 by Candle-light. I am induced from the Autho- 
 rity oi Dionyfius to believe, that Mellacopfas flood 
 near this Street j the Reafon why it was fo called 
 I have fliewn in my 'T'reatife of the Bojporus. On 
 the Top of the fifth Hill ftands the Palace of 
 Selimus the Grand Signor, with a Caravanfera^ 
 and his Tomb. Near it is a very large Cijiern^ 
 in a pleafant Meadow, which is defpoiled of its 
 Roof and Pillars. 
 
 Chap. III. 
 
 Of the Sixth Hdl, and the Fourteenth 
 Ward. 
 
 THE Author of the Defcription of the Wards 
 relates, that the fourteenth Ward^ though 
 it is looked upon as a Part of the City, yet becaufe 
 it is divided from the other Wards by an interme- 
 diate Space of Land, and enclofed with its own 
 Walls, makes the Figure of a fmall City by it 
 felf; and adds, among other Particularities, that 
 the Entrance of it, at the Gate, is fomewhat up- 
 on the Level J but the right Side of it, rifing into. 
 
 an 
 
^/Constantinople. 237 
 
 an Afcenr, almoft to the Middle of the broad 
 Way, falls into a deep Afcenr, and contains a 
 Church, the Palace, &c. It is very probable, one 
 would think, or at leaft it looks to be fo, that 
 any one who had never feen Co?ifta?itinople^ could 
 learn from this Defcription in what Part of the 
 City ftood the fourteenth Ward. But fince, no- 
 thing of the antient Buildings are remaining there 
 at prefent, no not fo much as the Bridge, or the 
 very Channel of the River 5 there is fome Room 
 for Enquiry, where was the Place of its Situati- 
 on. For I am entirely ignorant of the Gate 
 whence its Entrance begins, which is fomewhac 
 upon the Level. It is poffible that I might alfo 
 difcover the Situation of it, if I knew where the 
 right Side of the Ward was, which rofe into aa 
 Afcent. 'Tis plain that this Ward did not fland 
 on the fifth Hill from hence, that the Author 
 tells us, that it was divided from other Wards by 
 fome intermediate Space. Had this Ward been 
 divided from other Wards bv a fmall Trad: of 
 Land only, it had been very injudicious in the In- 
 habitants to have enclofed it with a Wall by it 
 felf, when it ftood fo near the Walls of the City. 
 I would obferve farther, that 'tis inconceivable 
 that there could be any Bridge on the fifth, fixth, 
 or feventh Hills of the City, or without the 
 Walls of the City; nor is there any Valley run- 
 ning between the fifth or the third Hill, where 
 there's any Bridge, or any Water, unlefs it can 
 be imagined that it had any fmall Creek, which 
 is now filled up, with a Bridge over it. If it 
 could be fuppofed that there formerly ftood any 
 Bridge beyond the fixth Hill, in the Street called 
 
 Ai'afa- 
 
238 The Antiquities 
 
 AvafarhiSy we could conclude it to be no other 
 than what was built over the Bay of Ceras, near 
 which are ftill feen the Piles of a Bridge. And 
 in all Probability the fixth Hill was wholly inha- 
 bited, by Reafon of the Nearnefs and Goodnefs of 
 its Roads from 'Thrace. This is the more proba- 
 ble, if it be confidered, that the Suburbs called 
 the Hepdomum^ were feated on the fixth Hill, 
 which excited Theodojius the Lefs, by Reafon of 
 its Nearnefs to ConJia?itinople, to enlarge the Walls 
 of the City. 
 
 Chap. IV. 
 
 Of the Hepdomum, a Part of the Suh- 
 urbs I of the Triclinium of Magnau- 
 ra ,• of the Cyclobion • of the Statue 
 of Mauritius, and his Armov^ ; and of 
 the Place called the Cynegium. 
 
 TH E Suburbs, call'd the Hepdofjiiim, flood 
 upon the third Hill, which is now en- 
 clofed within the Walls of the City. This is 
 plain from the Situation of the Church of St. 
 yohn BaptiJ}, whom, even at this Time, the 
 Greeks call the U^o^^o^(^, or Fore-runner of our 
 Saviour. This Church is feated on the Eaflern 
 Side of the City. 'Tis almoft entirely demolifh-* 
 ed by the Mahometans^ and nothing oif it remains 
 but a few Marble Pillars, expeding the lafl Ef- 
 fort of their Sacrilege. This was a coftly and 
 
 magni- 
 
of Constantinople. 239 
 
 magnificent Building, as appears, among other 
 Tokens, from the Cijlern of BonuSj which was 
 built by a Nobleman of that Name, and feated a 
 little above it. It was three hundred Paces long ; 
 its Roof and Columns are entirely ruined, and 
 its Situation at prefent is turned into a Garden. 
 Sozomen fays, that T'heodojius the Great brought 
 over the Head of St. John Baptift^ from a Vil- 
 lage call'd Cojlaiis^ near Fantichium^ in Chalce- 
 don J and placed it before ConJia?2ti?iople in the 
 Hcpdo??iu?n, and there built a large and handfome 
 Church to the Honour of God. The fame Au- 
 thor attefts, that T'heodoJiuSy when he marched 
 
 ' his Army againft Eiigenius^ as foon as he came 
 out of the City, offered his Prayers to God, in 
 St. John Baptiji'?, Church, which he had built in 
 
 - the Hepdomiim. Procopius pays too great a Com- 
 pliment to Jiiflinia?!, when he reports him to 
 have built this Church in the forementioned Sub- 
 urbs. Zonaras tells us, that in the Reign of 
 \ -Conjiantine furnamed Pogonatus, the Hagarem be- 
 fieged the City with a numerous Fleet, which ex- 
 tended itfelf from the Promontory fituated in the 
 Mepdomum Wellward, as far as the Cyclobion. 
 Other HiJio?^ians mention the fame Thing -, name- 
 ly, that they had their Station from the faid Pro- 
 montory^ or the I'riclinium of Magnaura^ as far 
 Eafterly as the Palace call'd Cyclobion. From 
 which Paflage I would obferve by the By, that 
 Magnaura was a Place in the Hepdomum. Ce^ 
 drinm afTerts, that Philip of Macedon, built there 
 a round Solar , and placed in the Court of it his 
 own Statue, and built an Armory there. Others 
 write, that Mauritius the Emperor built the T^ri- 
 
 clinium 
 
 
240 The Antiquities 
 
 clinium oiMagnaura^ and that he erected his Sta- 
 tue, and built the Armory there. Over the T!rU 
 clinium are infcribed thefe Verfes 5 
 
 Upon the T'riclinium oi Magnaura. 
 
 Heraclius and his Son Conftantine, 
 With Conqueji crown d^ and leaden with Succefs, 
 Under tU aufpicious Influence of the Crofs, 
 Built ^ with fur prizing Speedy this beauteous StruC' 
 ture. 
 
 The Ciftern of Magnaura, which flood near the 
 Palace, was demolifhed by Heraclius ; and, as Ce- 
 driniis relates, was afterwards cleanfed, and re- 
 built by Order oi Philip, King of Macedon. Some 
 atteft, if not confidently with Truth, yet more 
 appofitely, that the Emperor Anaftafius, when 
 he was expiring at that Place, by a terrible Storm 
 of Wind, Lightning and Thunder, cried out with 
 a loud Voice ; Magna perimus aura. Pulcheria 
 the Sifter of T'heodofius the Lefs, being removed 
 from the Adminiftration of the Government, re- 
 tired into the Hepdomum y and lived privately. 
 Zonaras relates, that A^/V^^Z'(?rz<'^ the Emperor, fur- 
 named PhocaSy as he came near to the City, was 
 received by the Prafine Fad:ion, with great Ac- 
 clamations, and that he was crowned Emperor in 
 the Hepdomum by the Patriarch of Con/lanti?iople, 
 The Reafon why thofe Suburbs are called the 
 Hepdojnumy is taken from the Number Seve?ty 
 which was formerly the Number of them. They 
 retained their antient Names, even after they were 
 inclofed within the City. Procopius has it, that 
 Juflinianj in that JVard^ which ought to be cal- 
 led 
 
of Constantinople. 241 
 
 led the Second, built a Church to St. Anne. An 
 unknown Writer of the Empire of Confiantlnople 
 gives a Reafon why it may be called the Second. 
 In the Place^ fays he, called the Second, there Jlood 
 the Statue i?/' Juflinian Rhinometus. Bardus Cae- 
 far Michael, the Grandfather efTh.to^ph\\\^%J de^ 
 molijhed and broke it to Pieces. This Place is cal- 
 led the Second, becaufe when yujiinian was ba- 
 nifhed by Leo the Patrician to Cherfo^ after he 
 had continued there ten Years, he applied him- 
 felf to "TerbeliLs, King of the Bulgarians^ whoie 
 Daughter l^heodora he married. The King gave 
 him an Army, which he marched againft Con- 
 ftantinople to recover his Empire. But the Inha- 
 bitants denying him Entrance, he privately ftole 
 into the City through the PafTage of an Aquedu5i 
 to a Place where was flill remaining the Founda- 
 tion of a Pillar he had fet up, and which his Ad- 
 verfary had deftroyed. Having recovered his Do- 
 minions a fecond Time, he erected there a fecond 
 Pillar, and built in the fame Place a Church, 
 which was dedicated to St. An7ie. But, as I ob- 
 ferved a little before, Procopius relates, that yujii- 
 nian built this Church in the fecond Ward^ where, 
 I am of Opinion, before the Reign of T'heodojius 
 the Lefs^ who built the Walls of the City, ftood 
 the Suburbs of the feventh Hill, that is, according 
 to Cedrinus and others, in the twelfth Ward. 
 There were, fay thefe Writers, moft dreadful 
 Earthquakes, which overturned the Wall of the 
 City in the Exaciofiion, and levell'd many beau- 
 tiful Houfes and m-agnificent Churches in the Por- 
 ta Aurea of the City; and add that in the fecond 
 Ward, the Shock was felt as far as St. Anne\ 
 
 R Church. 
 
242- Tloe AMTiaUITIES 
 
 Church. I mentioned this Obfervatlon to many 
 of mine Acquaintance, left any one Ihould imagine 
 that the limi^'^^ x^U-^'i was one of the fourteen 
 Wards mentioned in the T^rc'atife, entitled, an An." 
 t'lcnt Defrriptiofi (j/'Conftantinople. lam furpri- 
 zed that Procopius^ who was fo exadl in defcribing 
 fo many Buildings of the City, never mentions 
 them, fince they are taken Notice of by juftim- 
 an in his Conjiitut'iGns. There's a Church fituate 
 on the feventh Hill, between the Palace of Con- 
 Jiantim\ and the Adyianopolitan Gafe^ which 
 though for many Ages it flood within the Walls, 
 yet on three Sides of it, it formerly flood 
 without the Walls of the City, as it was cuftoma- 
 ry to build the Greek Churches. There's a Por- 
 tico runs round it. The Walls of it within are ' 
 incrufled with fquare Pieces of feveral Kinds of 
 Marble, the Flffures of which are covered from 
 Top to Bottom with Modules of Ajlragals, fome 
 of which are adorned with Berries, and others are 
 work'd round without them. Above thefe In- 
 criijiat'ions rife xhr^tFafcice, and three Ornaments 
 refembling an Ajlragal,, tv/o of which are round, 
 and the uppermoft of them is of a fquare Figure. 
 Higher yet are three Fafcia^ above thefe are the 
 Dentils^ and over the I)entus, a Cor mthian Foliage. 
 It will evidently appear from what I fhall menti- 
 on hereafter, that the Suburbs called the Hepdo- 
 7niim^ were in tlie fourteenth Ward of the City, 
 where alfo flood a Palace. There remains at prer 
 fent, out of many antient Palaces, not fo much 
 as the Name of one of them, except that feated 
 on the feventh Hill, w^hich is called the Palace of 
 I Conjian- 
 
^/Constantinople. 243 
 
 Co?ifianti?ie, befides a few Pillars, and a Ciflevji in 
 which rhe Grand Signer % Elephants arc ftab'ed. 
 In the Plain upon the Shore, fituate at tlvs Foot 
 of the iixth Hill Eaftward, is the Palatme Gate 
 called Cynegion. Without the Gate is a fine 
 Growth of Plane-Trees. Near the Gate, within 
 tlie Wall, were formerly three large Arches, now 
 iill'd up, through which the Inhabitants ufed to 
 fail their Three-oar 'd Galleys, into a Creek built 
 within the City for the Conveniency of the neigh- 
 bouring Palace. This Creek is now entirely ruin'd, 
 and turn'd into a Garden. The Cynegicn, accord- 
 ing to modern Writers, is a Place of fome Note, 
 fo that even Suidas himfelf thought it not imper- 
 tinent to infert in his Lexicon the following Story. 
 Criminals^ fays he, condejmied to dye were thrown 
 into the Cynegion, which was adorned with fome 
 Statues. Theodorus, the T^own-Clerk^ going thither 
 it^vVZ? Imerius Keeper of the Kecords^ j'aw a Jhort^ 
 hut a very thick Statue. Look upon the Man^fays 
 Imerius, meaning himfef who built the Cynegion. 
 I returned in Anfwer^ /^/^^^ Maximinus built it ^ 
 and that Ariiftides meafured out the Ground-, when 
 immediately one of its Pillars fell ^ which crujhed 
 Imerius to Pieces^ fo that he died on the Spot. Be- 
 ing terrified at the Sight, I hafiened to the Churchy 
 where I told what had happened. I attefi:ed the 
 Fuel with an Oath to thofe who qucfiioned the Re- 
 lation. Some of the Emperor s Domefiicks and Ser- 
 vants, when their Attendance was over, walked 
 with me to the Place. Being furprized at the 
 Death o/'Imerius, and the Fall oj the Pillar^ a cer- 
 tain Phihfopher named Johannes, told 'em, that he 
 htid difcoveredfrom afmall Animal, that a Man 
 
 R 2 of 
 
244 '^^^ Anticiuities 
 
 offome Note ff:oiild dye. Philip of Macedon be^ 
 lieving bim, ordered the little Creature to be buryd 
 in the Place, ivhere this Accident happened. Ju- 
 Jiinus the 'Third commanded 'Tiberius and LeG7iti- 
 iis, after they had reign'd three Years, to have 
 their Chains taken oflF, ty'd Body to Body, drag- 
 ged thro' the Forum and the Theatre by Horfes ; 
 and after he had trampled upon the Necks of 
 them, he ordered them to be llain in the Cyjiegi- 
 on^ in the Sight of the People. I look upon this 
 T^heatre to be that which was called Theatrum 
 Venatorium. For as there was fuch a Theatre at 
 Rome, fo there was at Conjlantinople. For Pro- 
 copiiis reports, that the Theatres, Hippodrojns, and 
 the Cynegia, were greatly neglected, and fell to 
 Ruine, thro' the Avarice of Jujlinian. 
 
 C H A P. V. f 
 
 Of the Blaclierna:, the Triclinium of the 
 Blachernx, the Palace, the Acjucdud 
 and many other Places of Anttquity, 
 
 THE Author of the Book entitled, The anti- 
 ent Dcfcription of the Wards attefls, that 
 there flood in the fourteenth Ward, a Church, 
 but does not name it; nor does he take Notice of 
 the Blachernce, although it was called fo before 
 the taking of Confiantinople by Severus, as I fhall 
 immediately make appear. The Blachernce flood 
 without the Walls, not only in the Time wlien 
 
 that 
 
^/Constantinople. 245: 
 
 that Book was wrote, but even in the Reign of 
 yujiinian, who, as P?'ocopius writes, built a 
 Church, which he dedicated to the Virgi^i Mar)\ 
 before the Walls of the City, in a Place called the 
 Blachemce. The SpeBator^ fays he, ijjhcn he en- 
 ters this Church, will admire its large and bulky 
 Buildings yet feciire from the Danger of fall'mg by 
 the Strength of its Foundation. Tou may behold in 
 it, adds he, a fiately Magnificence, without any 
 Mixture of Gaiety, cjid too much Emhellifrment. 
 'Tis my Opinion, that 'Jujlinian only repaired 
 this Church : For Zonaras reports, that Pulcheria^ 
 the Wife of Marcian, built a Church in the Bla- 
 cherncs , and dedicated it to the Virgin Mary. 
 Pompomus Lcetus tells us, that this Church was 
 built by Tdheodofius. Cedrinus writes, that fuftin 
 the Nephew of Juflinian, added two Arches to 
 the Church in the Blachernce. So that 'tis plain 
 from what Procopius has wrote upon this Occali- 
 on, that the Blacherna flood without the Walls 
 of the City, as it is no lefs evident from the Tefli- 
 mony of Agathius. When the barbarous Nations, 
 fays he, approached Conftantinople , by the Per- 
 mijjion <?/' Juftinian, all the Churches fituate with- 
 out the Walls, from the Blachernae to the Black-Sea, 
 were flripf d of their Armaments, which were kept 
 within the City. There is at prefent to be feen, 
 near the Gate called Xylon, and the Weftern An- 
 gle of the City, between the Foot of the fixth 
 Hill, and the turning of a Mofque, fituate with- 
 in the City, (which the People fay was dedicated to 
 the Virgin Mary) a Spring now running, which the 
 Greeks tell us was confecrated to her. The Place, 
 where the Spring is, is call'd the Bl ache ma, Up- 
 
 R ; on 
 
30! 
 
 2^6 The Anticiuities 
 
 on my firfl coming to Cotifiantiiiople, fome Re- 
 mains of it were to be feen, but now tliere no- ||fc'i!' 
 thing appears even of its Ruines. From the Bot- 
 tom of the lixth Hill, which rifes above the 
 Church in the Blachernce^ there fhoots an Aque- 
 diiB with two Pipes ; one of which is ftopp'd 
 with a Cock, and the otlier flows in a conftant 
 Stream. I took Notice before, that Andronkm 
 the Emperor brought this Aqueduct from the Ri- 
 ver H)'drales, into the IVard of the Blachernce^ 
 where there was no River Water till his Time. 
 The Emperor A?jajlcifius built the great ^7'icli?ji- 
 tim in the Blachenide ^ which went under his 
 Name, even in the Time of Suidas. Zonaraiy 
 and others aflure us, that the Emperor T^iherius 
 built the publick Bath in the Blachenia. 'Tis 
 certain from fome modern Kiflories, that there 
 was in the Time of Zonaras^ even down to the 
 Reign of Manuel the Emperor, an Imperial Pa- 
 lace in that Place. The Reafon why 'tis called 
 the Blachernce^ is mentioned by T>ionyfius a 5y- 
 %aniian^ in his Navigaticn of the Bojporus, from 
 whom I iliall jufl touch upon fome Places de- I 
 fcribed by him, which reach from the Foot of 
 the fifth Hill, to the furthermoft Angle of the 
 City, and the fixth Hill. BejOid Mellacopfas^ 
 fays he, (this, I took Notice of before, was at the 
 Foot of the fifth Hill) there are two Places which 
 ajjord good Sport hi FiJJAng^ all the Tear. One 
 upon the Shallows under the Promontories, the other 
 wider the deep hollow Shores which are never riiffled 
 by the Wind, 1l he fir ft of thefe is called Indigenas, 
 frcm fome great Man who was a Native there; 
 the other Pyracius, from Pyrseus , a Port of A- 
 
 thensj 
 
 1 
 i 
 
of Co'SSr AS'TIKOPLE. 247 
 
 thens; or asjome lei? eve, fromfome antient hiha- 
 bita7it. There s a Place between them called Cic- 
 tos, from the great Fleiity of Ivy it produces. 
 There is alfo a lieep Place called Camara, which 
 adjoins that of Pyracius. 'Tis much expofed to 
 the Wind, and therefore often feels the Roiigh- 
 nefs of the Sea. Thence, up higher, ftands T*/}^- 
 lafa^ which is the Boundary of the Ceratine Ba)\ 
 where the Rivers begin to flow into it. 'Tis 
 thus called, either by Reafon of their Nearnefs to 
 the Sea, whofe Salt Waters they mingle with 
 their Freilmefs , or becauie it ftands fteddy, and 
 more out of the Wind; or rather, becaufe the 
 conilant Influx of the Rivers into it, brings down 
 daily a muddy Subflance into the Sea, which very 
 much thickens it ; though it ferves for Nourifh- 
 ment to the Multitudes of Fifh with which it 
 abounds. The firfl: Place that ftands upon this 
 calm Sea is called Polyrrhetius, from a Man na- 
 med Polyrrhetus'. The next is Vateiafcopia^ fo 
 called from the deep Sea that is about it; a third 
 is the Blachernce^ which is a barbarous Word; 
 a.nd the iaft Place is the Marflies. 
 
 R 4- Chap, 
 
24S The Antiquities 
 
 Chap. VI. 
 
 Of the Bridge near the Church of St. Ma- 
 mas; oj his, Hippodrom • of the Bra- 
 zen L'yon^ and the Sepulchre of the^ 
 Emperor I\Iauritius. 
 
 NOT only fome Hiftorians, but alfo Suidas. 
 the Grammarian, have handed it down to- 
 ns, that near the Church of St. Mamas, there- 
 Hood a Bridge, which had twelve Arches ; for 
 there was a great Floud of Waters at that Place. 
 There was alfo fet up at the fame Place a brazen 
 Dragon; becaufe 'twas reported that a Serpent 
 had fome Time liv'd there, which had deflour'd 
 many Virgins. This Story was occafion'd by the 
 Name of a Man, who was call'd BafilifcuSy 
 one of Numerianiis Ccefar'% Life-Guard, whol 
 liv'd there, and built a Church, which Zeno after- 
 wards pull'd down. ConJla?ttine, call'd Iconoma- 
 chus, becaufe he was a profefs'd Enemy to 
 Images, order'd one Andreas a Statuary, a Man 
 of fome Note in the Blachernce, to be whipt to 
 Death in the Hippodrom of St. Mamas. Zonaras 
 tells us, that Mauritius the Emperor was buried 
 in the Church of St. Mamas, which was built by 
 Pharaf??ieties, an Eunuch, and Gentleman of the 
 Bed-chamber to 'Juftinian. Cedrifjus writes, that 
 the Church of St. Mamas flood near the Gate 
 call'd Xylocercon, Others report, That Crunna^ 
 
 King 
 
^/Constantinople. 240^ 
 
 I^ing of the Btdgarians^ furrounded ConJiantinO" 
 pie with an Army from the Blacherncs to the 
 'Porta Aurea^ and diflrufting the Strength of his 
 Forces to take the Town, he haften'd to this 
 Church, fet Fire to a Palace that was near it, 
 and that upon his Retreat, he carry 'd off a Bra- 
 zen Lyon plac'd in the Hippodro?Ji^ a Bear, a 
 Dragon, and fome curious Pieces of Marble. 
 SozD?nen fpeaking of thofe Perfons who were ba- 
 nifh'd on St. Chryjojlom?, Account, fays, that 
 when they were got without the Walls they met 
 in a Place lituate before the City, which Conjlayi- 
 tine order 'd to be cleans'd, to be pal'd round, 
 and made it into a Hippodrom. This, I take it, 
 was the Place which was afterwards call'd the 
 Hippodrom of St. Mamas. Zonaras adds upon 
 this Occaiion, that heo the Emperor, fcar'd by a 
 Fire, which then rag'd in the City, flew to the 
 Church of St. Mamas ^ and continu'd there for 
 . fome Time. Cedrimis mentions, that the Empe- 
 ror diverted himfelf with Horfe-racing, near the 
 Church of St. Mamas the Martyr, lituate in the 
 Stenon. 'Tis plain from the Authorities abovemen- 
 tion'd, that this Church was feated in the Blacher- 
 nce^ and that there was a Bridge there, as is farther 
 confirm'd bv Johannes T^zefzes in his Far id Hijio- 
 n^, where he fays, that the Sea extending itfelf from 
 the Streights o^ Abydus, to the Bridge of the Blacker^ 
 nee, is call'd the Heikjponf. 'Tis alfo evident, that 
 this Bridge ftood, where the Stone Piles of the old 
 Bridge (when the Water is low, as 'tis in Sum- 
 mer) are feen at prefenr, and ftand between the 
 Suburbs call'd the Blachernce, and the Suburbs, 
 which the T^urks call the AibaJ'ariiim. This, I 
 
 am 
 
2 JO Tlje Antiquitifs 
 
 am confident, is the fame Bridge wliich the an- 
 cient Treatife of the Waj'ds of the City, calls the 
 Wooden Bridge, and places it in the fourteenth 
 Ward, in which, as I obferv'd, was the Suburbs 
 caird the Hepdomum. I defire the Reader to re- 
 mark one Thing from Siddas, that St. Mamas 
 Bridge had either twelve Stone Arches, or elfe, 
 that he was writing of another Church of St. Ma- 
 mas^ fituate in another Place. 
 
 Chap. VII. 
 
 Of the feventh Hilly the twelfth Ward^ 
 and of the Pillar ^/Arcadius. 
 
 ITake it for granted, from the Situation of the 
 Pillar of Arcadhis, now ftanding on the fe- 
 venth Hill, call'd the Xerolophon, (which is divided 
 from the other fix Hills by a broad Valley,) that 
 That is the twelfth Ward, which lies a great Way 
 upon the Level, from the Entrance of the City 
 at the Porta Aurea, and is lengthen'd, on the Left 
 Side of it, by a gentle Defcent, and bounded by 
 the Sea. It contain'd the Forta Aurea, the T^ro- 
 jati Portico's, the Forum, and Haven of Theodo- 
 fins, and a Pillar with winding Steps in the In- 
 iide, built in the Xerolophon by Arcadius. The 
 Hill ftill preferves the fame Name. Upon this 
 Pillar the Emperor plac'd his Statue, which was 
 thrown down, in the Reign of heo Conon by an 
 Earthquake, which fliook the whole City, over- 
 
 turn'd 
 
t?/ Constantinople. 271 
 
 turn'd many Churches and Houfes, and buried 
 Mukitudes of People under it. Cedrinus affures 
 us, that this Pillar was in all refpefts like that of 
 Thecdofius ered:ed in the "Taurus- It has a Bafe, a 
 Pedejial^ and a Capital. The Shaft of the Pillar, 
 with its Pedejial and Capital^ confifts of twenty 
 one Stones. Above the Capital are two Stones. 
 The Federal alone is built with five Stones, lb 
 clofely cemented together, that if the Pillar had 
 never felt the Shocks of an Earth-quake, or the 
 Decays of Time, it had appear'd to have been 
 one entire Storie. Thefe Stones are plac'd one 
 cbove another, and are hollow in the Infide. 
 Each of them is the whole Compafs of the Pil- 
 lar, out of v/hich are cut the Seeps and Win- 
 do^vs which beautify and enlighten it. I took 
 upon me to meafure the Compafs of the Shaft 
 from the Stone which covers it at Top, down to 
 the lowefl Step of the Pedejlal. This Stone 
 therefore, thro' which there is cut a Door, by 
 which you afcend above the Abacus of the Capi- 
 tal^ is about thirteen Foot nine Inches high, and 
 is itfelf the Roof and Arch of the whole Pillar. 
 The Door is fix Foot two Digits high, and three 
 Foot nine Inches broad. The fecond Stone is fix 
 Foot high, in which is cut the uppermofi: Step 
 above the Abacus of the Capital. The third is 
 five Foot and four Digits high, and contains the 
 Abaciis and the wliole Capital. The fifth is five 
 Foot in height, wanting two Digits. The Sixth 
 is four Foot nine Inches high. The Seventh five 
 Foot and two Dis;its. The Eighth four Foot 
 and iQ-jr Digits. The Ninth is fix Foot high. 
 The Tenth five Foot. The Eleventh four Foot 
 
 and 
 
2ji The Antiqjjities 
 
 and fourteen Digits. The Twelfth four Foot 
 nine Inches. The Thirteenth five Foot. The 
 Fourteenth five Foot tv^o Digits. The fifteenth 
 five Foot and a half. The Sixteenth the fame. 
 The Seventeenth five Foot and ten Digits. Th6 
 eighteenth fix Foot and a half The Nineteenth 
 five Foot and four Digits. The Twentieth fix 
 Foot and a half The Twenty firft, where the 
 Shaft of the Pillar begins, fix Foot and four Di- 
 gits high. The Pedejial confifts of fix Stones. 
 The uppermoft of which is four Foot nine 
 
 in 
 
 p 
 
 110[i 
 
 Inches high. The Second is the fame height! 
 
 [IS 
 
 sis 
 
 The Third four Foot. The Fourth four Foot 
 fix Inches. The Fifth the fame. The Sixth 
 and laft is four Foot high. It has in all fifty fix 
 Windows, and two hundred thirty three Steps of 
 two kinds. For fome rife in fquare, others iri 
 circular Windings, after the Manner of fome 
 Shell-Fifh. You afcend the Pedejial by five 
 fquare Winding Steps. Every Winding has at the 
 Top of it a fmall Floor, which leads you fromi 
 one Winding to another. The firft and fecond 
 Windings have fix Steps each; the third eight; 
 the fourth and fifth, nine each ; the lowefl of 
 them all, which lies level with the Threfhold of 
 the Door, is ten Digits high, twelve Inches broad, 
 and two Foot nine Inches long. The other fquare 
 Windings are like this, and the Floor at the 
 Top of each of them is two Foot nine Inches 
 fquare. Upon the fifth Winding ftands the Shaft 
 of the Pillar, the firft Steps of which are ten Di- 
 gits high ; near the Wall they are a Foot broad, 
 in the Middle a Foot and nine Inches, and in 
 Length they are two Foot niiie Inches. The 
 
 , Steps 
 
 i\ 
 
 i\ 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
o/ Constantinople. 253 
 
 Steps above them, are all of them, nine Digits 
 high. The Infide of the Shaft of the Pillar 
 meafures twenty eight Foot in Circumference. 
 The Wall which enclofes the Steps, in the loweft 
 Part of it, is two Foot and three Digits, m the 
 highell:, 'tis one Foot nine Inches thick. If I 
 ihould be thought too curious, in taking the Di- 
 menfions of every Stone, this Charader with 
 more Juftice belongs to that Man, (and yet Thu^ 
 cydidcs highly commends him for it) who by 
 counting the Rows of Bricks of which they were 
 built, took the height of the Enemies Walls. I 
 was under fome Apprehenfions from the Savage- 
 nefs of the Inhabitants, left they fliould catch me 
 dropping my Line, had I meafur'd it without, 
 fo that I lay under a Neceflity of taking the Di- 
 menfions within; and by joining the height of 
 one Stone to the height of another, I difcover'd 
 its Altitude. There are two Steps confifting of 
 many Stones, which firft fhew themfelves from 
 the Surface of the Earth. Above them is the 
 third Step, which is cut out of a Stone three 
 Foot and four Digits high, and thirty three Foot 
 and a half in Circumference. Upon the Stone 
 which makes the third Step, ftands the Pedejial. 
 The firft of the five Stones of which it confifts, 
 from the Threftiold of the Door, is five Foot 
 and a half high. Its Ornaments are a plain 
 Plinth three Foot five Digits high, a fmall 'T'ore 
 five Digits high, an j^pophyge with a Reglet nine 
 Inches, another Reglet above it two Digits, and 
 a Cornice engrav'd, which is nine Inches high. 
 The Frieze^ on three Sides, is curioufly engrav'd 
 with Trophies; the Northern Side of it, where 
 i the 
 
2J4 ^^'^ Antiquities 
 
 the Door is, is not engrav'd at all. The Cornice 
 of the Pedeftal bends downwards. Ac the bor- 
 tom of it is a Reglet , above that an yljlragal^ 
 adorn 'd with Berries ; then an Ovoloy and above 
 that an AJiragal wreath'd hke a Rope. Fligher 
 yet is a FoHal Bandage. There projedcs be- 
 yond the Pedejlal a kind oi Abacus ; on each fide 
 of which diere are two Fafces of Laurel-work, 
 the largeft of which is incurvated even to the 
 bottom of the Abacus, On the Sides of this A-< 
 bacus there is a Sculpture of {^Mt^ naked Boys,* 
 holding each of them in his Hand a Laureated 
 Fafcis. At every Angle of this Abacus there 
 flands an Eagle, and above it is the P/i?2th of the 
 Pillar, adorn'd with a Foliage, which projects very- 
 little. Above the Plinth is a Terr, adorn'd witk 
 Laurel-work, which is filletted with a fpiral Ban- 
 dage. Above the Tcr^ there rifes an Apophyge^. 
 upon which flands the Shaft of the Pillar, which, 
 is carv'd with the Scenes of War, and of Battles. 
 The Sculpture is much like that which adorns 
 the Pillar of 'Frajan in Old Pome. The T'rache- 
 liwriy or Top of the Shaft, is fluted perpendicu- 
 larly. The lower part of its Capital is adorn'd 
 with ApGphxgcs, an Ovolo, and an Abacus, which 
 proje6ls beyond the Shaft two Foot and four- 
 teen Digits. T\\Q Abacus, on all fides of it, is 
 feventeen Foot, and nine Inches round. Above 
 the Abacus there is a Door, above which the Pil- 
 lar rifes in the Form of a Cone, where there is 
 another Door above ten Foot high. We may 
 look upon this Pillar to be of the F'ufcan Order, 
 becaufe both the Bafe, and the Capital of it, are 
 finiflied after the F'ufcan manner. 
 
 Chap. 
 
e?/ Constantinople. ijy 
 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 Of the Statues^ and the anttent Tripos 
 of Apollo, ftandmg in the Xerolo- 
 phon. 
 
 SU I D AS writes, that the Xerolophon was 
 formerly call'd 'T'bema , becaufe it was a 
 kind of Repofitor}^, and contained in it fifteen 
 winding Apartments, the Statue oi Diana ^ and 
 Se^ccrus^ who built it; belides a 'T'her?jiation, a 
 tripos from whence many Oracles were deli- 
 ver'd. In this Place, the Founder of it us'd to 
 offer Sacrifices; and among others he facrificed 
 a Virgin. PriJ'cian, whom I find mention'd by 
 BcnediBiis Mgiiis, indefatigably curious in his 
 Search of Antiquity, obferves, That iho. Azoles 
 fometimes inferred in a Word the Letter F, as I 
 have taken Notice of in fome Infcriptions of a very 
 antient 'Tj'ipos of Apollo^ ftill remaining in the 
 Xerolophon 'y the Words of which are written after 
 this Manner; A>j^o>2;aF^i;, AuvovaFccv. He tells 
 us, that 'tis cuftomary in another Place, mean- 
 ing among the Molians^ to place an f between 
 two Vowels of the fame Word ; as in oFi?, owV, 
 AaF(o>v,, Davus, Zvyj, o'-jiwi. I have (t^n^ fays 
 he, the fame in fome old Infcriptions, in very 
 antient Charaders, on fome 'Tripos s^ efpecially on 
 the Tripos oi Apollo, which is at Conjlantimple^ 
 as ilrjy.c(poFc,iy for Llr,^,o^ioov, AaT iyJ.F :k)V for Aaoy^ouv, 
 
 Others 
 
i')6 Tbe A N T I Q^U J T I E s 
 
 Others add, that there were the like Infertidnfi 
 in the Xerolophon^ a little above the Bafs of xht_ 
 Pillars of Marcian, Valentinian^ and T^heodojiui 
 the Lefs. Zo?iaras tells us, that Simeon^ a Prince 
 of the Bulgarians, a Man of a cruel and turbu- 
 lent Spirit, march'd an Army againjft the Chro^ 
 batia?iS'y when he was conquer'd, and loft his 
 Army, partly by the Badnefs of the Roads, fome 
 Body inform'd the Emperor that the Statue plac'd 
 above the Arch in the XeroIophoJi, looking Weft-;- 
 ward, was carv'd for the Statue o^Simeoit ofBu/gd^ 
 ria, and that if any one cut off the Head of the Sta- 
 tue, Sifneon fliould immediately die. The Emperor 
 commands the Head of the Statue to be chopt 
 off, and foon received the News that Sif?ieo?z v/as 
 dead of a violent Pain of the Stomach. For he 
 watch'd to a Minute the Time of his Death. 
 As to the Port of 'T'ljeodofiiiSy that was in the fame 
 Place where the Gardens, which are now call'd 
 the Blaiicha, ftand at prefent. Thefe Gardens 
 are enclos'd with a Wall, and are feated in a 
 Plain, adjoyning to the Shore of the ProfontiSi 
 at the Foot of the fixth Hill. The Mouth of the 
 Port flood Eaftv/ard, from whence the Pier ex- 
 tended it felf Weftward, in a dired Line, where 
 at prefent ftand the Walls of the City. The Pier 
 was twelve Foot in Thicknefs ; and, as I found 
 by walking it, 'twas fix Hundred of my Paces in 
 length. 'Tis now entirely ruin'd. The Gardens, 
 which are very fpacious, abound with Sallets and 
 Potherbs, but have very few Fruit-Trees. Thefe 
 Gardens are water'd with Pools, which they have 
 within them, and which are the Remains of the 
 old Port. I difcover'd by the Pier, and Situation . 
 
 of 
 
<?/ C O N S TA N T r N O P L E. l^y 
 
 ij( the Place, th^t 'twas above a Mile in compafs. 
 In the Mouth of the Port, not altogether unfit 
 for Ships at prefent, without the City Wall, you 
 ftill fee a Fortrefs in its Ruins, furrounded by the 
 Sea. The unknown Writer of the E?fipire of Cofi- 
 Jiantinople alferts, That it was firll called T'hema, 
 afterwards xhzForiun oiT^heodoJiiis^ tho' it feems 
 to me rather to be the Forum oiArcadius^ by Rea- 
 fon the Pillar oi Arcadim joyns to it. For the Fo^ 
 rum of 'Theodo/inSy in all Probability, flood near the 
 Port of 'Theodojius. This is no more than what is 
 conformable to the Rules of Architedture, which 
 prefcribe, that a Market fhould be built near a 
 Port. I am of Opinion, that it was formerly 
 call'd the Port of Eleutherius^ if we may credic 
 thofe Writers who afhrm. That Conjlatitine the 
 Great built a Wall from the Ridge of the firfl 
 Hill to the Port of Sophia, and the Port of Eleu- 
 therius^ built by Cojijiantine the Great^ to pre- 
 vent the Inundations of the Sea. 'Tis called the 
 Port of Eleiitherhis^ becaufe, when 'twas built, 
 he was Surveyor of the Works. It was for this 
 Reafon, that there was a Marble Statue ered:ed 
 to him in that Port, bearing on his Shoulders a * 
 Bafket of Marble, and holding in his Hand a 
 Marble Spade. They add further, that Irejia^ 
 and her Son Conjlajitine^ built him a noble Seat; 
 and that from that Seat, as far as the Amajlria- 
 niim^ reach'd the Flippodrom^ which was built 
 by T^heodofius the Greats and was demolifh'd by 
 Irena. Zonaras writes, that Irefia, after fhe was 
 remov'd from the Government by Conftantine 
 her Son, liv'd in a Houfe which fhe built in the 
 Port of Eleutherim. The Forties s, which the 
 
 S ancient 
 
2^8 The Antiquities 
 
 ancient Defer ipt ion of the Wardi of the Ciff 
 names with the Epithet Troadece^ others men- 
 tion witli that of T^roadefice ^ and tell us, that 
 Conflantine the Gi-eat built the Walls of the City 
 -as far as the F or tied s call'd FG?'ticus H'roadeficeyr 
 (that is, the T^rojan Forticds) and the Fortes- 
 Aiirea^ which flood in the twelfth Ward. I an* 
 of Opinion, that they were call'd the 'Trojan 
 Portico's, becaufe they contaln'd fome Things ofT 
 the like Kind with that which was called the- 
 Porticiis Varia, 'Tis reported,- fays he, that m 
 the Portico, formerly call'd Plefiaclia, and now* 
 Pacilla, or Porticus Varia^ a celebrated Painter' 
 drew the Face of Laodice, on the Pidure of El- . 
 pnica. I had not known it by the Name it goesJ 
 at prefent, had it not been for a Spring near it 
 which they call y^^vcroTtriy),, as deriving its Name- 
 from the Porta Aiirea. This Spring, to this.- 
 Day, conftantly flows,, and is drank with great 
 Devotion by the Greeks, who hold all Springs^ 
 near their Churches, to be facred. There's no- 
 thing of the Church remaining at prefent, tho'"' 
 Procopius takes Notice of it. fiillinian, fays he^ 
 .built t'lvo Chmxhes to the Virgin Marv, before the 
 Walls of the City, one in the BlacherncE, the other 
 in a Place caWd llr,yri, ivhere there is a large 
 Wood of Cyprefjes, a 'verdant Meadow, and a de- 
 lightfid Garden, which produces a great Store of 
 fine Fruit, and where there is alfo a gentle Springs 
 which affords very good drinkijig Water, One (f 
 the Churches food mar the Sea-fhore, the other 
 near the Porta Aurea. Both of them, he add^. 
 were near the end of the City Walls, and were' 
 upon Occafion impregfiable Fortreffes to it, Frona 
 
 hence 
 
^/ C O N S T A K T I K O P L E. 2 J 9 
 
 hence I would remark, that in the Time of yu~ 
 jiinian^ the Angle of the City, which they call 
 the Angle of the feven Towers, was not within 
 the Cicy ; but that the Land- wall from the Porta 
 AureCy ftraitned the Angle of the Cicy into a 
 more narrov/ Compafs, as appears from the Si- 
 tuation of the Monaftery of Studius^ which flood 
 upon a piece of Ground, which was formerly 
 look'd upon to be in the Suburbs, but now ftands 
 further within the Walls, than the Angle of the 
 feven Towers. Ke proceed?, and tells us, that 
 Jiijli7iian^ at a vafl Expence, upon the Entrance 
 of the Porta Aurea on the right Hand, rebuilt 
 the Temple o^Ja, (which Time had wholly de- 
 fac'd) for the Service of the True God. The 
 Obfervation I would make from hence is, that 
 the Porta Aurea ftood near the feventh Hill, 
 call'd the Xerclophon^ which is alfo confirm'd by 
 ZonaraSy who writes, That in the Time of Leo, 
 many Churches and Houfes, the Statue of Ar^ 
 cadius, plac'd upon a Pillar in the Xerolophon, 
 and the Statue of 'Tkeodofms the Great ^ pla- 
 ced upon the Porta Aurea ^ as alfo the City 
 Walls, reaching to the Continent on the Field 
 fide, were overthrown by an Earthquake. Cedn- 
 nus afferts, that the Statue of PlBory, near the 
 Porta Aurea, was overturn'd by the fame Earth- 
 quake. Other Hiftorians mention, that by the 
 fame Earthquake, which happen'd the V'^^ of the 
 Calends of November , many facred Buildings, and 
 many others of common Ufe, with Multitudes 
 of People, were deftroy'd ; and that the Statue of 
 Conflantlne the Great, v/hich lliood upon the Gate 
 oi'Attakis, with the Gate it felf, wasdemolifh'd 
 
 S 2 bv 
 
i6o The Anticluitifs 
 
 by ir. It Is therefore a great Miilake in thofe, 
 who take the Porta ylurca to be the fame Gate 
 which is now call'd Oria^ and is feated in the 
 Northern Part of the City, which, as 1 obferv'd 
 before, was called the Port of Neorius, fince 'tis 
 plain from what I have mentioned, that the 
 Porta Aiirea was in the Wejftern Part of the City. 
 This is alfo evident from the antient DeJ'cription 
 of the Wards of Conjiantinople, which tells us, 
 that the Length of the City, from the Porta 
 Aurea to the Sea-fhore, in a dired: Line, is four- 
 teen Thoufand and feventy five Feet. Cedri?iu5 
 takes Notice, that the Elephants ftabled in the 
 Porta Aurea, were much of that Kind, with 
 which T'hpdofnis made his publick Entry into the 
 City. 'Tis faid that l^heodojiiis the Lefs, who 
 built the Walls of the City as far as the Bla- 
 cker ?j(^, brought the Statues of thofe Elephants, 
 which are plac'd upon the Porta Aurea, from 
 the Temple oi Mars ^x. Athens. Cedrinus affens, 
 that Philip King of Macedoji built the great 
 Church of Mocius the Martyr, and a Church to 
 St. Ajjne in a Place call'd Secimdus. Procopim 
 fays, that both thefe Churches were built by 
 Jiijiinian. I have feen fome Remains of the 
 Church oi Mocius, near a large Cijiern, built by 
 yu/iinian, on the Top of the ieventh Hill. All 
 its Pillars are {landing, and it goes ftill under the 
 Name of Mocius. Some Hiftorians, and Suidas 
 thfe Grammarian fay, that this Ciftern was built 
 by Anajlafius Dicorus. It may be worth Enquiry, 
 Avliether the Monet a, which the antient Di[fcri- 
 fiion of the Wards places in this Ward, was the 
 Temple of y-mio Monet a, or tlie Treafury. For 
 
 the 
 
^/' CONSTA NTINOPLF. l6l 
 
 the Grand Scig?ior^ to this Day, makes life of the 
 Caftle with k\tn Towers for a Treafiiry. Suidas 
 wTites, that the Statue of Jimo was fupported 
 by a Brazen Arch, made fomewhat in Form of 
 a Pair of Barbers SciiTars, but takes no Notice 
 where it ftodd ; fo that I defire the Reader would 
 lay no great Strefs upon what I have faid of the 
 Mojicta. 
 
 Chap. IX. 
 
 Of the Coliimyis now rematmng on the 
 Seventh Hill. 
 
 HE Church ftanding; here is called Stu- 
 
 dios, becaufe it was built by one Studiin 
 
 an eminent Citizen of Confiantinopk. It was he, 
 fays Suidas^ who built this Church with a hand- 
 fome Monaftery. yujliman^ in his Confiitiitions^ 
 takes Notice of him, when he fays. That there 
 were two Biers plac'd in the facred Treafuryj 
 one to the Memory of the Famous Studius^ and 
 the other to the Memory of the Magnificent &te- 
 fihamis. The Monailery built by Sttidius was 
 .call'd Studhwi^ which is entirely demolifli'd The 
 Church remains, tho' converted into a Mofque. 
 In its Porch are four Pillars with a ^rabeatio?! 
 curiouilyfinifli'd. In the Infide of the Mofque, 
 there are on each fide (qvzxi green Pillars, 
 ftreak'd with black Veins, and look as if they 
 were inlay 'd with Pieces of Stone of another 
 kind. Each of them meafures in Circumference 
 
 S 3 fix 
 
z6i TJje A M T I Q_U I T I E s 
 
 fix Foot and iix: Digits. Tlieir Capitals^ anfl 
 Architraves, are finiih'd after the Corinthian 
 Manner, as are thofe which ftand in the VeJH- 
 hide. In the upper Part of it ftands another 
 Order of fix Pillars. In the Courts of the Mofqug 
 is a Cijiern-y the Reef of it, which is Brick- work, 
 is fupported hy twenty three lofty Corinthian Pil- 
 lars. The Monaflery of Studiiis is now withif^ 
 the Walls of the City, tho' it formerly fl:oo4 
 without it, near the v/ay you go from the Pillar 
 of Arcadius to the Gate of the {^vtv\ Towers, 
 The Paffage of this Gate is at prefent iill'd up ; 
 the Jambs of it are two Corinthian Pillars of 
 fpotted Marble, Jflreak'd with green Veins, which 
 fuftain eight fmaller Pillars, which fupport three 
 Arches above. On the left Side of the Gate are 
 iix Marble Tables, all of which are enclos'd, 
 fome with round, fome with fquare Pilafters, 
 upon which are carv'd many fine Statues. They 
 are all of them Naked, of exquifite Workman-: 
 fliip, in a fighting Poflure, with Clubs in thei^. 
 Hands, the tallefl of which have engrav'd ovep 
 them winged Cupids. On the right Side of thq 
 Gate are fix more Tables, enclos'd- as the -for- 
 mer. Upon the lowefl of thefe there lies \ 
 young Man, with his Face upwards, and his Legs 
 folded, holding a mufical Inflrument in his Hand. 
 There hangs over him a little Figure, in the 
 Likenefs of a Cupid^ and above the Cupid there 
 rifes a Woman. Upon the higheft Table there's 
 carved a naked Statue, with a Club in his Hand; 
 his right Arm is cover 'd with a Lyon's Skin, 
 and with his left Hand he is leading Dogs. Above 
 ^im is the Statue of a Lyojiefs with full Dugs, 
 
 Upon 
 
^Z C O N S T A X T I N O P L F. 2 6*3 
 
 Upon another Table are carv'd two Huiband- 
 tnen carrying Baikets full of Grapes ; and upon 
 another is the Statue of a flying Horfe. The 
 Bridle is held by a Woman, behind whom Hand 
 two Women more: At the Top of the Table 
 there's another Woman in a recumbent Pofture, 
 ■and oppofite to her a young Man lying" on the 
 Oround. I took particular Notice of thefe Fi- 
 gures, by Reafon of the Antiquity, and the ad- 
 mirable Sculpture of them. I fav/ alfo upon the 
 feventh Hill, among ethers, four Mofques of cu- 
 rious Workmanfliip. Their Vejlihuks and Pillars 
 were all of Marble. Three of them Hood on 
 the Eailern Side of the Hill, two of whofe Vefli- 
 .bules were adorn'd with fix lofty and large Pil- 
 lars ; two of which were of T^hebean Marble, 
 and the other four of different kinds of Marble, 
 
 ' vein'd with a dark green. The other flands near 
 the Pillar oi Arcadius, lately built by the Conforc 
 of Solyman the Grand Seig7ior^ (with a hand- 
 ibme Caravanfera^ and a College, where the 
 T^iirkijh and Arabian Learning is profefs'd) in 
 
 ■ which I counted more than iixty Pillars of diffe- 
 rent kinds. On the Top of the Hill there are 
 •two other Mofques, one of which has Bagnio s^ 
 and Colleges joyning to it. The Vejlibide of it 
 is beautify'd with fix Pillars of T!bebean Marble, 
 which meafure each fix Foot in Circumference. 
 Their Bajh and Capitals are hnifli'd after the 
 ^urjiijld Manner. The SJoafts of the Pillars are 
 very ancient, efpecially of thofe two which face 
 the Door of the Mofque, whofe Hypotrachdicm 
 2.x. Top are more flender than the Shafts^ tho' 
 in the lower Parts of them, they are equal to 
 
 S 4 them^ 
 
i6^ The Anticluities 
 
 them, as a Man's Neck is lefs in Circumference 
 near the Head, than the Shoulders. 'Tis adorn'd 
 witli one Aimidet^ which rifes in the manner 
 of a Ring. Above it there's another Anniilet^ 
 which is broad and flat. I faw no Hypotrache^ 
 lio?i^ all the Time I was at ConftanWiopky which 
 came fo near the Model of P'itruvius^ as this j 
 who delivers it as his Judgment, that the Hypo- 
 trachelio?2 ought to be contra 6ted in the upper 
 Part of it, as you may fee in his third Book de 
 lonicis. There's another Mofque on the fame 
 Hill, the Vejlibide of which is beautify 'd with 
 fix very lofty Pillars ; in the College Court there 
 are fourteen, and as many in a Portico adjoyn- 
 
 ing to It. 
 
 C H A P. X. 
 
 Of the Thirteenth Ward of the City, caWd 
 the Sycene Ward, of the Town of 
 Galata, fomettmes natn'd Pera. 
 
 TH E Ant ie fit Defer iption of the Wards of the 
 City takes Notice, that Galata was for- 
 merly a Part of the City. The Thirteenth Ward 
 of New Rome, fays the Author, is the Sycene 
 Ward, which is divided from it by a narrow 
 Bay, and preferves an Intercourfe with it, by 
 Boats and Shipping. It is feated on the Side of . 
 a Hill, except a broad Trad: of Land at the 
 Foot of it, which lies upon the Level. Ste- 
 
 phanus 
 
^/Constantinople. i6^ 
 
 phanus fays, that the Town of Sycce was fituated 
 againft New Rome, and that it was call'd in his 
 Time Syca yuffi?nance, but does not give the 
 Reafon why it was call'd fo. Probably it was, 
 becaufe yujiinian either repair'd or rebuilt it; 
 for which Reafons principally Cities frequently 
 phange their Names. I wonder that Procopius 
 jiever took Notice of this Place, fince he has gi- 
 ven us an exadl Defcription of all the Edifices 
 of the Bay, call'd the Chryfoceras, which were 
 either built or repair'd by him ; unlefs perhaps 
 the Miftake be in Procopius^ by inferting the 
 Word 'Jiicundiance inftead of "Jiijlhiiance^ when 
 he tells us, that Jujimia?i rebuilt the Palaces of 
 the Suburbs in the Chalcopratia, as alfo in the 
 Place call'd ^ycce 'JiiciindtancB. If the Fault be 
 j pot in Procopius^ 'tis an Errour of Stephanus, who 
 writes 'JujiiJiiancs for 'Jiicundiance. But 'tis plain, 
 that Stepha?2iis wrote long before the Time of 
 yujiinian ; fo that if there be any Blunder, 'tis 
 none of Stepha?ius^ but Hermolaus, a Gramma- 
 rian of Conjiantinople, who abridg'd the Com- 
 mentaries of Stephanus, and dedicated them to 
 yiijlinian. If I might give my Opinion, I fhould 
 rather call it Sycce "jnfliniance, than 'Jiiciindiant^^ 
 becaufe it appears to me it fhould be fo, not 
 pnly by comparing fome Books of Procopius and 
 yujiinian, which have been publifli'd, but alfo 
 by the Authorities of feveral MSS. yujiiftia?? 
 afTerts in his Conjlitutions, '\that 'tis agreeable to 
 Equity,' if a Corpfe be carried to the Gra've to 
 a great L>ifiance, that the Deacons attending it, 
 Jhould have fome Ack?2owlcdgme}7t. He fubjoyns a 
 iittle after, '^hat he is of tlje fame Opinion, if the 
 
 Corpfe 
 
i66 Tie Antiq^uitifs 
 
 Corpfe be buryd 'w'lthln the new Walls of the City* 
 or this Side of the Sycse JuftinianiE. This is but a 
 fmall ProcelHorij and it requires not much Time 
 or Pains to walk thither; but, fays he, if the 
 Body be carried beyond the JValls of this flourtjh^ 
 ing City^ or beyond any other StairSy than tho/e 
 
 which lend to Sycie There's no Occafion to 
 
 add what follows. I would only have the Rea- 
 der obferve, that the Word Tv'i.py.Ty.ct, which the 
 'Latins interpret '^Terminus, or a Boundary, iig- 
 aiities properly I'rajcBus, a Ferry, or the Stairs 
 from whence you fail from one Place to ano- 
 ther. 'Tis evident, from what I have quoted, 
 that the Town call'd Syca is on the other fide 
 of the Bay facing Confa?2tinople, altho' Siephanm 
 has not declar'd agajnft what Part oi the City 
 it lies. I obferve notwithftanding from the 
 Treatife above mention'd, that the iixth Ward 
 reach'd from the Forum of Co?iJia?iti?ie to the 
 Ferry againfl Sycce, which is now call'd the 
 Ferry of Pern, or Gal at a. As I would pay a 
 jull Regard to the Authorities of fome more mo- 
 dern Hillorians, I ihall produce feveral Tefti- 
 inonies from them. They alTert, that Abfijnarus^ 
 the Commander in Chief of the Forces which 
 befieg'd Cori[lantinopli\ h arbour 'd in the Port of 
 Sycce againft the City. Evagrim writes-, that the 
 Heads of hcnginus^ and T'ljcodoriis^ ftuck upon- 
 Poles, were fent to Confiantinople by fohamus a 
 Scythian^ and by the Emperor's Command were 
 fix'd upon the Shore of Syca^ oppoiite to Con- 
 fantinoplc ; a pleafant Spedacle to the Inhabi- 
 tants of the City ! He adds further. That Vita- 
 li anus iv.adc an Incurfion as far as Syct^j and that 
 
 when 
 
^/Constantinople. z6-; 
 
 when he came to an Anchor there, the Emperor 
 Anaftaf.iis fent Marinus an AJjyrian Admiral to 
 fight him. Both Fleets prepare for ths Engage- 
 ment J the one facing Conjlantinoplc^ the other 
 ^ycce. For fome Time they kept their Stations ; 
 after fome fmall Skirmifhes, and Attacks on both 
 Sides, the Fight began near the Places call'd the 
 Vitharia. Vitalianus having lofl mod of his 
 Men, was forced to bear off, fo that there was 
 not the leafl Appearance of an Enemy in all the 
 BoJ'porm. Nor am I induc'd to change my Opi- 
 nion by the Authority of Strabo, who feems to 
 place Syca: at fome Diflance from the Bay. I'he 
 Bofporus^ fays he, JlraitntJig it J elf from the 
 Promontory into the Meafiire of fve Stadia, or 
 Furlongs^ ^ndcm at the Harbour plac'd below 
 Syc?E i?ito thirty Furlongs, and from S)cs to the 
 Chryfoceras it contra5fs it felf again into five 
 Furlongs. Nor would this Opinion any ways 
 contradid: what I have faid before, if my Author 
 had m.eant by the Ceras of the Byzantians, what 
 FUny 'tis plain did, ^v'2;. the Bojporian Fromon- 
 tory v;here Byzantium flood. But Strabo im- 
 mediately fubjoins, that the Ceras was a Bay 
 which was lixty Furlongs in length ; and there- 
 fore it appears to me, that the Miftake lies either 
 in Cod. Strabon. or in the Hiflorian himfelf, as 
 i? fully evident from the Authority of Diojiyfius, a 
 very ancient Writer of the Hiflory oiConfiantinople, 
 which vvas his Native Place. This Author has 
 recorded it, that ^yroJw, or /Syr^jg', is the fame Place 
 near the Bay call'd Ceras ^ where Galata flands 
 at prefent, as I have more evidently fhewn in 
 piy F'reatife of the Bofporus. The People of Pcra 
 
 therefore 
 
I 
 
 2^8 The Antiq^uities 
 
 therefore are grofly in the wrong, when they 
 tell us, that Vera was firft built by the Genoefe-, 
 when it is plain that Fera was built long before 
 they were fuppos'd either to have purchas'd the 
 Town, or to have receiv'd it as a Reward of 
 their Sea-Services, from fome Emperor of Con- 
 fiantinople ; fince ^ujiin'ian places ^yca within the 
 Walls of the City, and Agathim aflures us, it 
 was enclofed with Walls, when he writes, that 
 the People of ConJiantiJiople were in fuch a Con- 
 flernation upon the Approach of the Enemy, 
 that the Forces of 'Juftinian were obliged to 
 climb the Walls o? Sycc?, to make a more vigo- 
 rous Defence. Syca, by Stephajius, is call'd a 
 City, as it is alfo by fome modern Writers j but 
 more antient Authors, who liv'd before Galata 
 was taken by the Gencrfc^ call it the Cittadel of 
 Galata. They tell us farther, that a Fleet of 
 the Saracens was ftation'd from the Magnaiira to 
 the Cyclcbio?i'y and that after it had continu'd 
 two Days in that Station, Part of it was driven 
 by a Storm to the Cittadel of Galata, as far as 
 the Clydion, where the Emperor of ConJlajiti?iople 
 deftroy'd it, from Acropolis, with liquid Fire. 
 Zonaras writes, that when Michael the Emperor 
 was befieged both by Sea and Land, he was fo 
 terribly diftreft, that he was forc'd to lay a Boom 
 acrofs the Sea from Acropolis, to a fmall Town 
 on the oppoiite Shore. There is at this Day a 
 Gate at Galata, which is call'd the Boom-Gate. 
 'Tis however beyond Difpute, that Galata was 
 more than once eniarg'd by the Genoeje: This ap- 
 pears from the Walls, which at feveral Times 
 they have built about ir, being 'fortified on the 
 
 Eaa 
 
<?/ C O N S T A N T I N O P L E. l6c} 
 
 Eaft by Double, and on the Weft by Treble Walls, 
 denoting the gradual Increafe of the Town. You 
 may fee at piefent the antlent Sycce, enclos'd in 
 the middle of Galata, fituate againft the fixth 
 JVard^ and the Sycene Ferry, all built on the Side 
 of a Hill, juft as 'tis reprefented in the Antie?2t 
 Defc?'iplo7i of the Wards ^ except one broad Piece 
 of Ground, which lies upon a Level on the 
 Shore at the "Foot of the Hill. This Tradl of 
 Land was at leaft a hundred Rotnan Paces broad. 
 For at prefent, between the Hill and the Bay, 
 there is a Plain to be feen of an equal, if not of 
 a larger Breadth -, becaufe, in fuch a Length of 
 Time, it is widen'd, as may be obferv'd daily, by 
 the Abundance of Filth and Naftinefs, which is 
 caft about it. To make it fubiide at the Bot- 
 tom, the Inhabitants have fix'd wooden Trouehs 
 upon Piles, which they drive into the Earth by 
 an Engine, much like a Rammer. By this Means 
 the Plain upon the Shore is enlarg'd, and made 
 more commodious for Havens. But that the 
 Reader may underfland more perfe^lly where 
 the Sycene Ward ftqod formerly, I will defer ibe 
 the Situation of Galata^ as it ftands at prefent. 
 
 Chap. 
 
270 The A.N T I dU I TIES 
 
 C H A p. XI. 
 
 A DefcnpUon of Galata • of the Templei 
 /9/Amphiaraus, Diana, a^^d Venus ^ 
 of the Theatre of Sycre, and the Fo- 
 rum of Honorius. 
 
 THE Sycoie Ward, which is commonly 
 called Galata, or Pera, ought more pro- 
 perly to be called the Feraaii Ward. Thus it 
 is that yofephus calls Judcea, becaufe it lay on 
 the other Side of the River Jordan : And thus 
 it is, that Strabo calls that Part of the Countrey 
 which lies on the other Side of Eupljrates. The- 
 Reafon alledg'd by the Inhabitants, why 'ti^^ 
 call'd Galata, is, as they tell you, (being impos'd 
 upon by the AUufion of the Name) that Milk 
 was form.erly fold there : And I make no Que- 
 llion of it, did they but know, that Galata was- 
 formerly call'd Syca;, they would derive its Name- 
 from the Word Fig j and pretend to juftify their 
 Miftake from the Authority of Dionyfim their 
 Countryman, who fays, that it was originally 
 call'd Sycce, from the Fairnefs and Abundance of. 
 that Fruit which grew there But their Con- 
 je(5lures had been grounded upon a better Foun- 
 dation, if they had deriv'd the Name of Galata 
 from the Galatcs, back'd by the Authority of 
 Johannes 'Tzetzes (a Citizen of Conjlantinople, 
 and a very induftrious Grammarian) in his Var. 
 
 Hiji. 
 
^/Constantinople. 271 
 
 Hiji. wriaen above four hundred Years ago. This 
 Author tells us, that Bre?ius a Gaiil^ and Com- 
 mander in Chief of the Gaids, whom the Greeks 
 call FctActTctJ, pajsd over the Sea from thence to 
 a Place of Byzcmtiufn, and that this Place for 
 t'nis Reafon was call'd Pera^ which was after 
 their Arrival call'd Galata. This Place is feated 
 partly on a Hill, and partly on a Plain at the 
 Foot of it. This Hill is enclofed on the Eail; and 
 vVeil \pj two Valleys, each of which is about a 
 Mile in length. The Ridge of the Hill flioots 
 from North to South, and is in no Part of it lefs 
 than two hundred Paces broaQ,and of equal Length 
 with the Valleys that enclofe it, and joins to the 
 Plain upon the Continent. The South Side of 
 this Hill, and the Plain below it, is bounded by 
 the Bay of Ceras^ which makes it almoft a Fen- 
 infulay of a femicircular Figure, in the Form 
 oi a drawn Bow, with this Difference only, that 
 the V/eftern Point of it is larger by half} and 
 not quite fo long as the Eaftern. Galata^ as 'tis 
 enclos'd with a Wall, is four Thoufand and four 
 Hundred Paces in Compafs. It varies, in many 
 Places, as to its Breadth. In the middle of the 
 Town 'tis fix hundred Paces broad. The Bav 
 and the Walls Hand at twenty Paces Diflance. 
 The Plain that runs between the Bay and the 
 Flill, is a hundred and eighty, and the Hill it 
 Itlf tour hundred Paces broad. The Eaflern Side 
 of Gafata^ at the firft Entrance of it, is four 
 hundred Paces in breadth j after which it con- 
 tradts it felf into the Breadth of two hundred 
 and fixty Paces only. The V/eilern Side of it, 
 which liands without Qld Galata^ rifes upon a 
 
 moderate 
 
171 The A N T I QJV I T I E s 
 
 moderate Afcent, which winds Southward, and 
 adjoyns to a fmall Defcent, which terminates 
 Wellward near tlie Walls of Old Galata. The 
 Town therefore of Galata ftands upon a Treble 
 Defcent ; one of which winds from North to 
 South, another falls Eaflerly, and another at 
 Weft. The Declivity which croffes the Breadth 
 of it, ftretches from North to South ; and is fo 
 fteep, that in many Places you are forced to 
 climb it by Steps; lb that you afcend the firft 
 Floor of the Houfes, Vv'hich ftands upon a Level,' 
 by Ladders. The Eaftern and Weftern Side oP" 
 Galata have a double Declivity; one from North 
 to South, the other to Eaft and Weft ; fo that 
 not only thofe Parts of it which lie in a ft rait 
 Line, but thofe Ways alfo which are winding, 
 or lie Crofs-ways, have their Defcents ; but the 
 Eaftern Side of the Town is more upon the De- 
 clivity than the Weftern Side of it. To be ftiort, 
 Galata is of fuch a Steepnefs, that if all the 
 Houfes were of an equal Height, the upper 
 Rooms would have a full View of the Sea, and 
 of all the Ships failing up and down in it. And 
 not only Galata^ but almoft the whole City of 
 Confiantinople would have the fame Privilege, if 
 that Law, which was firft made by Zem^ and 
 afterwards ratify'd by ^jujlmian^ was in full 
 Force. This Law exprefsly forbids any Man to 
 hinder or obftrudt an open and entire View of 
 the Sea, or indeed a Side Profped: of it, and en- 
 joyns the Inhabitants to build at leaft at a hun- 
 dred Paces Diftance from it. The Level Part of 
 the Town, which runs between the Bottom of 
 the Hill and Bay, is, in no Place of it, lefs than 
 
 two 
 
 If)' 
 h 
 
/ 
 
 ^/" C O N S TA N 1 1 N O i* L E. 1 
 
 vwo hundred Paces broad. Towards the Ends 
 of it 'tis much broader; and, in fome Places, it 
 widens to the Length of five hundred Pace::. 
 The Town is thrice as long as it is broad. It 
 extends it felf in Breadth from North to South, 
 in Length from Eaft to Weft. The Weftern 
 Side of it is broader than the Eaftern, and almoffe 
 of an equal Breadth with the middle of the City. 
 For in a Length of five hundred Paces, 'tis no 
 lefs than five hundred Paces broad. The Eaflera 
 Side of Galata is more narrow, where it is no 
 more than two hundred and fixty Paces broad. 
 The Shore round the Town is full of Havens. 
 Between the Walls and the Bay is a Piece of 
 Ground, where are Abundance of 'T'aver?2s^ Shops^, 
 nsiualing-hotifes, befides feveral Wharfs^ where 
 they unlade their Shipping. It has fix Gates, ac 
 three of which there are ^tairs^ from whence yoii 
 fail over to Conjlantinople. Galata is fo fituate 
 to the North of Conjlaniin-opb^ that it faces the 
 firft, fecond, and third Hills, and the firft and 
 fecond Valley of that City ; having in Front the 
 Bay of Ceras, and Conjlantinople^ and behind it; 
 feme Buildings of the Suburbs. For inany of 
 thefe Buildings ftand partly on the Top of the 
 Hill, and partly on the Sides of it. The Towii 
 it felf does not rife to the Ridge of the Hill. 
 Where Galata rifes higheft, there is yet ftanding 
 a very lofty Tower, where there is an Afcent of 
 about three hundred Paces, full of BuildingSj, 
 iand beyond that is the Ridge of the Hill upon a 
 Level, about two hundred Paces broad, and two 
 thoufand Paces long. Thro' the middle t>f ifc 
 t:Un8 a bfoad Way full of Houfes3 Gardens, ahci 
 
 T Virieyardp; 
 
2 74 '^^^^ AXTiaU^TIFS 
 
 Vinfeyards. This is the moft pleafant Part of 
 the Town ; from hence, and from the Sides of 
 the Hiil, you have a full View of the Bay of 
 Ceras, the Bofporus, the Vropontis, the feven Hills 
 of Conjiant'inople, the Countrey of Blthynia^ and 
 the Mountain Olympus^ always cover 'd with 
 Snow. And .befidcs thele, there are many other 
 additional Buildings, which adorn the Hills, and 
 Vales adjoining to this Town. It has the fame 
 Number of Plills and Vales as Conjtantinople it 
 felfj fo that the Inhabitants, whenever they 
 pleafe, can make the Town one third larger 
 than it is at prefent; and if the Grandeur of the 
 Byzantian Empire continues a hundred Years 
 longer, Gahita, it is not improbable, may feem 
 to rival CoTiJlantimpk it felf. They who write 
 i\\2Lt Byzas^ the Founder ol Byzantium^ built the 
 Ttmplc o£ ^mphiaraus m Syca, are fomewhat 
 in the wrong, tho' not grofly miftaken. For 
 DiofiyJIm a Byzantian tells us, that behind Syca 
 ftood the Temple of AmphiarauSy which was 
 built by thofe who tranfplanted a Colony to 
 Confiantinople^ under the Command of Byzas, 
 Both the Grecians, and the Megarians, honour'd 
 Amphiaraus as a God. But altho' the Temple 
 of Amphiaraus did not lland in the Place which 
 Dionyfius calls ^yc(Z -, yet the Word Syca fignified 
 a larger Trad: of Ground, after it was made a 
 City J fo that the Temples of Amphiaraus, of 
 Diana hucifera^ and of Venus Placida, all flood 
 within the Limits of it, as I have fully made it 
 appear in my T^reatije of the Bofporus. But 
 there are no Remains of thefe Buildings at pre- 
 fent, nor of thofe Edifices, which, the Antient 
 3 Dcfcription 
 
 i[ 
 
^/Constantinople. 17 j 
 
 Defcription of the City tells you, were in the 
 Svcene JVard. The oldeft Man now Hving can- 
 not fo much as tell v/here thofe Temples an- 
 tiently flood, nor ever read or heard, whether 
 there was ever fuch a Place as the Sycene Ward. 
 Thus far only we can guefs from the Rules and 
 Ufuage oi Architecture J that the T^heatre^ and 
 Forum of HonoriuSj flood at the Bottom of the 
 Hill upon a Plain, where 'Theatres are generally 
 built, as I frequently obferv'd in my Travels 
 thro' Greece. There was ftanding a Forum^ in 
 a Level Ground, (near to the Haven, where is 
 now built a Caravanfera , in the Ruines of a 
 Church dedicated to St. Michael) when firfl I 
 came to Conjlantinaple, This Foriwi was well 
 fupply'd with Water by an ancient fubterraneous 
 AqueduB. In fhort, there is nothing to be ittn 
 at prefent of old Syces. Thofe antient Pillars we 
 fee in fome Mofques at Galata^ are faid to have 
 been imported by the Genoefe : Some of them 
 are of very antient Workmanfliip, and well fi- 
 nifh'd. The Cijiern of St. Bcnedidt, now defpoil'd 
 of its Roof, and three hundred Pillars, which 
 fupported it, (now turn'd into a Cijiem for wa- 
 tering the Priefl's Gardens) lliews it to be a very 
 antique and expenfive Work. 
 
 From what has been wrote upon this Subject, 
 the Reader may learn how renown'd Conjlanti- 
 nople has been for its Monuments of Antiquity. 
 It would take up another Volume, to enlarge upon 
 the Publick Buildings of the Mahometam at pre- 
 fent, and to explain for what Ufes they were 
 intended. I fhall jull: touch upon a few Things^ 
 which are the moft remarkable. The City, as 
 
 T 2 it 
 
176 The Antiq^uitifs 
 
 it now ftands, contains more than three hundred- 
 Mofques, the mofl; magnificent of which were 
 built by their Emperors and Bajha's, and are all 
 cover'd at Top with Lead and Marble, adorn'd 
 with Marble Columns, the Plunder and Sacri- 
 lege of Chriftian Churches, as thefe were before 
 beautify'd with the Spoils of the Heathen Tem- 
 ples. It has above a hundred publick and pri- 
 vate Bagnio s^ fifty of which are very fpatiou?,,. 
 and of two Lengths, much like thofe I have 
 defcrib'd, built by their Emperour Mahomet, 
 Their Caravanferd s, and publick Inns, are much 
 above a Hundred; the moft flunous of which,, 
 in the Middle of their Court-yard, are furniili'd 
 with Fountains of Water, brought from the Fields 
 adjoyning to the City. Their Emperors have pe- 
 culiarly difbinguidi'd themfelves in this Refpedt.. 
 Thus does Eufebius enlarge in the Praife of Co?i~ 
 fiantinc : In the middle of their Fora^ fays he, 
 you may fee their Fountains adorn'd with the 
 Emblems of a gocd Pajior, well known to thofe 
 who underftand the Sacred Writings; namely,, 
 the Hiftory of Dajiiel and the Lyons figur'd in 
 Brafs, and ihining with Plates of Gold. Valens^. 
 and Andronicm^ at a vafl Expence made Rivers,, 
 at a remote Diflance, tributary to the Town j 
 partly by direfting their Courfes under Arches, 
 at this Time appearing above Ground, and partly 
 by Channels dug under it. Several other Em- 
 perors, with no lefs Coft, made themfelves Fifh- 
 ponds, and fubterraneous Lakes, by after Ages 
 call'd Cijierns, in every Ward of the City, and that 
 principally to fupply them with Water in Caie 
 of a Siege. But the Enemies of Conjlantinopk 
 5 lie 
 
^f Constantinople. 277 
 
 lie at prefent at fuch a Diflance from them, tha-c 
 they have either entirely luin'd their Ciflerns^ or 
 converted them to another Ufe. I fliall take no 
 Notice of the ftately Houfes of their Noblemen 
 and Bajhas^ nor of the Grand Sig?ior's Palace, 
 which fpreading it felf all over old Byza?itiu7ny 
 is conflantly fupply'd with Rivers, which flow 
 in upon it, from diftant Parts of the Neighbour- 
 ing Countrey. I pafs by their Lakes and Con- 
 duits, feated in every Part of the City, which 
 ferve them not only with Water to drink, but 
 J ike wife carry off the Filth of it into the Sea, 
 and wafii away thofe Impurities of the Town, 
 which clog and encumber the Air, and for which 
 great Cities are generally look'd upon as un- 
 wholfome. I lliall not mention at prefent, that 
 almoft all the Buildings of Conjiantinople are low, 
 and made out of the Ruines, which the Fire 
 and Earthquakes had fpar'd j that many of them 
 are not two Story high, rebuilt with rough 
 Stones, or with burnt, and fometimes unburnt 
 Bricks. I omit alfo the Houfes of Galata, built 
 by the Gcnoeje. The Greeks who profefs Chri- 
 flianity, have loft their fix hundred Churches, 
 and have not one left, of any Note, except the 
 Church belonging to the Monaflery, where their 
 Patriarch dwells. The reft are either entirely 
 ruin'd, or proftituted to the Mahometan V/or- 
 Ihip. The Branch have about Ten,- the Arme^ 
 7iiam only Seven. The yews have upwards of 
 Thirty Synagogues, which are icarce fufficienc 
 to hold the numerous Congregations of that po- 
 pulous Nation. The Reader will view in a bet- 
 cer Light the antient Monuments of Conjlanti- 
 
 T 3 nofe^ 
 
17 8 TIC'C ANTiaUlTIFS 
 
 nople^ when he fliall perufe the Antient DefcrU 
 pfion of the Wards of the Cit)\ finifhed before 
 the Time of 'Jujiinian^ and annex'd at the End 
 of this Book. When this 'Treatife was firft 
 wrote, Confiantlnople was fo fully peopled, that 
 thofe who inhabited the Fora^ and the broad 
 Ways were very ftraitly pent up; nay, their 
 Buildings were fo clofely joyn'd to one another, 
 that the Sky, at the Tops of them, was fcarce 
 difcernible. And as to the Buildings in the Sub- 
 urbs, they were very thickly crowded together, 
 as far as Selymbria, and the Black Sea -, and in- | 
 deed fome Part even of the neighbouring Sea, 
 was cover'd with Houfes fupportcd by Props un- 
 der them. For thefe, and many other MoJiu- 
 merits, was Confiantinople antiently renown'd; 
 none of which are remaining at prefent, except 
 the Porphyry Pillar of Conftantine, the Pillar of 
 Arcadius, the Church of St. Sophia, the Hippo- 
 drom now in Ruines, and a few Cijtems. No 
 Hiiliorian has recorded the Antiquities of Old 
 Byzantiujn, before it was deftroy'd by Severus; 
 altho' it is reafonable to believe, there were very 
 many of them, efpecially if it be confider'd, 
 that it long fiourifh'd in thofe Times of Heroifniy 
 when Art and Ingenuity were in high Eftima- 
 tion, and when Rhodes, no ways preferable to 
 Byzantium, was beautify 'd with no lefs than 
 three thoufand Monuments. 'Tis eafy to form a 
 Judgment, from the Strength and Proportion of 
 its outfide Walls, what beauteous Scenes of Coft, 
 and Workmanfliip were contain'd within. This 
 we know however for a Certainty, that Darius^ 
 Philip of Macedo72, and Scverus^ demolifh'd many 
 
 of 
 
 k 
 
 
 w 
 
 i. 
 
^/^ Const A NT IN OP LF. 279 
 
 i of their Antiquities^ and when they had ravag'd 
 i the whole City, that the Byzantians made a no- 
 jble Stand againft the Forces of Severus, with 
 Statues, and other Materials, which were Part of 
 the Ruines of the City. I have already in Pare * 
 accounted for the Ruines of thefe Curio/ities ; I 
 lliall at prefent briefly mention fome other Cau- 
 fes which contributed thereto ; the Principal of 
 which was the Divifion of their Emperors a- 
 mongfl: themfelves; frequent Fires, fometimes ac- 
 cidentally, fometimes defignedly occafion'd, not 
 only by their Enemies from abroad, but by their 
 own Factions, and civil DilTenlions among them- 
 , felves ; fome of which burnt with a conftant 
 Flame three or four Days together. Thefe Fires 
 were fo raging and terrible, that they did not 
 only confume what was purely combuftible, but 
 they wafted the Marble Statues and Images, and 
 Buildings made of the moft tough and folid 
 Materials wliatfoever ; nay, fo fierce were they, 
 that they devour'd their own Ruines, and laid the 
 moft mountainous Heaps of Rubbifti even with 
 the Ground. Nor were the antient Monuments of 
 Old Byzantiii/fi demolifti'd only by their Ene- 
 mies, but even by thofe Emperors who had the'* 
 greateft Regard and Affedion for the City^ the 
 Chief of whom was Conftantine the Greats who, 
 as Enfebius reports, fpoil'd the Temples of tlie 
 Heathen Gods, laid wafte their fine Porches, en- 
 I tirely unroofed, them, and took away their Sra- 
 tues of Brafs, of Gold and Silver, in which they 
 : glory 'd for many Ages. And to add to the In- 
 famy, that he expos'd them by way of Mockery 
 and Ridicule, in all the moft publick Places of the 
 
 T 4 City, 
 
t8o The Anticluities 
 
 City. To dilgrace them the more, he tells us, 
 that he hll'd it with his own Statues of Brafs, 
 exquifitely finifh'dj and then concludes, that he 
 was fo far incenfed againfl the Heathen Monu- 
 ments^ that he made a Law for the utter Abo^ 
 lifliment of them, and the entire Dellrudion of 
 their Temples. How far Eujebius himfelf, and 
 other Chriftian Authors were provoked againft 
 them, is plainly difcernible in their Writings; 
 namely, that they inveigh'd with the fame Se-r 
 verity againft the Images of their Gods, as they 
 do at prefent againft our Statues. The Empe-r 
 rors Bafiltm and Gregorius, were bitterly enrag'd 
 not only againft the Images themfelves, but a- 
 gainfl: thofe who wrote too freely in Juftification 
 of them. I fhall not mention many other Em- 
 perors, Succeffors of Conjlantine^ who were fo 
 much exafperated even with the Images of the 
 ChrijiiaJis^ that they not only deftroy'd them, 
 but proceeded with fuch Rigour againft thofe 
 who devis'd, or painted, or engrav'd them, that 
 they were entitled the Iconomachi, or Champions 
 that fought againft them. I ftiall fay nothing of 
 Jihe Earthquakes, mention'd in Hiftory, which 
 happen'd in the Reigiis of Zeno, yiijiijiian, Leo 
 Conon, Alexius Conmenus, whereby not only the 
 moft condderable Buildings of Conftantinople^ 
 but aim oft the whole City with its Walls were 
 demolifli'd, fo that they could fcarce difcover its 
 antient Foundation, had it not been for the 
 BofporuSj and Fropontls^ the eternal Boundaries 
 of Confiantinoplej which enclofe it. I pafs by the 
 large Wards of the City, which through the Po- 
 verty of the Inhabitants, after frequent Fires, 
 
 ^n4 
 
of Constantinople. 281 
 
 and the Ravage of War, lay a long Time in 
 Ruins, but were at laft rebuilt ; tho' the Streets 
 are promifcuoufly huddled up without Regula- 
 rity, or Order. Thefe were the Caufes, as Lroy 
 relates of Old Rome, after it was burnt down, 
 that not only the antient common Shores, but 
 the Aqiicediiiis and Cijierns, formerly running in 
 the open Streets, now have their Courfes under 
 private Houfes, and the City looks rather like 
 one folid Lump of Building, than divided into 
 Streets and Lanes. I fliall not mention how the 
 large Palaces of their Emperors, feated in the 
 middle of the City, nor the Seats of the Nobi- 
 lity enclofing great Tradts of Land, nor how the 
 old Foundations ilill appearing above Ground, 
 nor the Remains of Buildings, difcover'd by the 
 niceft Difcernment under it, are almoft entirely 
 defac'd. Had I not feen, the Time I liv'd at 
 Conjiantimple, fo many ruinated Churches and 
 Palaces, and their Foundations, lince iiU'd with 
 Mahometan Buildings, fo that I could hardly dif- 
 cover their former Situation, I had not fo eaiily 
 conjedured, what Deftru6tion the T^iirh had 
 made, fince they took the City. And tho' they 
 are always contriving to beautify it with publick 
 Buildings, yet at prefent it looks more obfcurely 
 in the Day, than it did formerly in the Night ; 
 when, as Marcell'miis tells us, the Brightnefs of 
 their Lights, refembling a Meridian Sun-fhine, 
 refiecfted a Luflre from their Houfes. The Clear- 
 nefs of the Day now only fcrves to fliew the 
 Meannefs and Poverty of their Buildings ; fo that 
 was Conftantine himfelf alive, who rebuilt and 
 l^eautify'd it, or others who enlarg'd it, they could 
 
 not 
 
2 8 1 The Antiquities 
 
 not difcover the Situation of their antient Stru- 
 ctures. The Difficulties I labour 'd under in the 
 Search of Antiquity here were very great. I 
 was a Stranger in the Countrey, had very little 
 AlTiftance from any Infcriptions, none from 
 Coins, none from the People of the Place. They, 
 as having a natural Averiion to any thing that's 
 valuable in Antiquity, did rather prevent me in 
 my Enquiries, fo that I fcarce dar'd to take the 
 Dimenfions of any Thing, being menac'd, and 
 curs'd if 1 did, by the Greeks themfelves. A 
 Foreigner has no v>^ay to allay the Heat and Fury 
 of thefe People, but by a large Dofe of Wine. 
 If you don't often invite them, and tell them 
 youil be as driaik as a Greeks they'll ufe you in 
 a very coarfe manner. Their whole Converfa- 
 tion is frothy and infipid, as retaining no Cuftom 
 of the old Byzantiaf2s, but a Habit of fuddling. 
 It is not the leaft, among thefe Inconveniencies, 
 that I could not have Recourfe to fo many Au- 
 thors in defcribing Conjlantinople^ as a Writer 
 may have in defcribing Old Kome. They are fo 
 fond of Change and Novelty, that any Thing 
 may be called Antique among them, which is 
 beyond the Memory of them, or was tranfadted 
 in the firft Stages of Plumane Life. And not 
 only the magnificent Stru(ftures of antient Times 
 have been demolifh'd by them, but the very 
 Names of them are quite loft, and a more than 
 Scythiaji Barbarity prevails among them. The 
 T'urks are {o tenacious of their own Language, 
 that they give a new Name to all Places, which 
 are forc'd to fubmit to their Power, tho' it be 
 never fo impertinent and improper. They have 
 
 fuch 
 
^/Constantinople. 283 
 
 fuch an Abhorrence of Greek and Latin, that 
 they look upon both thcfe Tongues to be Sor- 
 cery and Witchcraft. All the Affiflance I had 
 was my own Obfervation, the Memory, and Re- 
 colledtion of others, and fome Infight into an- 
 tient Hiflory. By thefe Affiftances principally I 
 difcovered the Situation of the fourteen JVards 
 of the City. The Inhabitants are daily demo- 
 lifhing, effacing, and utterly deftroying the fmall 
 Remains of Antiquity; fo that whofoever fliall 
 engage himfelf in the fame Enquiries after me, 
 though they may far exceed me in Induftry and 
 Application, yet they will not be able to make 
 any farther Difcoveries of the Mofiumenfs of the 
 fourteen Wards. But it is not my Intention to 
 prefer my felf above other Writers ; if I can any 
 way be afTiftant to future Times, my End is an- 
 fwered. I hope I need make no Apology for 
 recording in Hiftory fuch Monuments as are faU 
 ling into Ruines ; and if my Stay at Con/ianti- 
 nople was fomewhat longer than I intended, I 
 hope it will not be any Imputation upon me, as 
 it was occaiioned by the Death of my Royal 
 Mailer. It was by his Command that I travel- 
 led into Greece, not with any Defign of flaying 
 long at Conjlantinople, but to make a ColleAion 
 of the antient Greek MSS. Not with, any Inten- 
 tion of defcribing only that City ; but as a far- 
 ther Improvement of Pluman Knowledge, that I 
 might' delineate the Situation of feveral other 
 Places and Cities. Upon the Death of my King, 
 (not having Remittances fufficient) I was forc'd, 
 with a fmall Competency, to travel thro' Afia^ 
 and Greece^ to tliis Purpofej a^d I can afture 
 
 the 
 
184 TToe Anticluities^ £fr. 
 
 the Reader, that I did not undertake this Voyage 
 upon any Profpedl of fenfual Pleafure, any View 
 of worldly Intereft, or any Affectation of popu- 
 lar Applaufe ; no, I could have liv'd in Eafe, 
 more to my own Advantage; and in a much bet- 
 ter State of Health, as to all Appearance, in my 
 own Countrey. Not all the Dangers and Incon- 
 veniencies of a long and a laborious Voyage could 
 ever move me to a fpeedy Return. How I came 
 to engage my felf in fuch unfortunate Travels 
 I know not. I was very apprehenfive of the 
 Troubles and Dangers, which I muft neceflarily 
 undergo, and which indeed have befallen me, 
 before I ventur'd upon fuch an Undertakings 
 yet I would willingly perfuade my felf, that my 
 Refolutions herein were Good, and my Delign 
 Honourable ; being confirmed in the Opinion of 
 the FlatQ7iiJiSy That we ought to be indefatigable 
 in the Search of Truth % and, That 'tis beneath a 
 Man to give over^ when his Enquiries are Vfeful^ 
 and Becoming. 
 
 % 
 
 <■' 
 
 JPPENDIX. 
 

 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 kN • ^ SJ Cl 
 
 
 t^ '-^ k; fij ^ 
 
 
 c<^ '=t v<v^^ci j\oo ^ 
 
^A^ 
 
 DELINEATION ./ ConSTATnTINOPLE ...r,A 
 tA<:£/iv/20U(>// ,'/ '/A, .-y>// /^. /• 
 
 1. Jilt///,',/ A/>,>/l(rf(rrttm 
 
 2 Si-c/^/i,, Sarut.rScfi/ua- 
 
 3 S.IoA.,/, S/Ui//r. 
 4 . -fivT"//. / I'cl/ll/u. 
 
 5 Ifcdtu/rff-in . 
 
 6. •S.Di-niflriii.i. 
 
 7. P/'/r.i liutiu 
 
 8 P<Tt,ij',/;a,t,i 
 g Ct'ntiijiti/ijjm . 
 
 m 
 
\y7ic' Jc/i?i{r^/yz/i/ii/ or Y//'('/au//i/c?toft/i{^ 
 
 3 
 
 W 
 
 
 \ I T/ie inn nard Jh?y:A . 
 
 ■ \T/ie 2 Z>cxmf of i/i^ cmt^i^zfrl bT/i£ Cen/r^. 
 
^ 
 
T/u ' i/\ y)//7') r/ni ' Z //( j7?v. . 
 
J'/h- //i.</(/c JYr//.>i\/ <'/ //?<• (Yi/o-c/i I'/ S.iucla SopJiia //v//i J)n/'/r//u' L/A ]Jl/,,' .. 
 
T/ie P/an r/l/ic (7unr/i crftAf'- 
 
 7 
 
 
 "^ /y/^ 
 
 c 
 
 \; 
 
 i. 
 
 
 
 — 
 
 cY 
 
 ^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 c "■- 
 
 "■- -1 >-"' 
 
 / c 
 
 
 _/'' 
 
 
 --;^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 -#^-- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 i '\^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 
 a a . The Prtr/ui^um or C/uirch fivrr-h . 
 b. The N^ai^e. or Iro-dy of the Chitnch. 
 ic'cL. The Circuit o/^ the (yiance/ . 
 (/. Th^'hcrli/TaHe. 
 r - The hoii/ ChzUr . 
 
jThlil 3.iii 
 
CAL Pillar 
 
 JlTcn nt^v /T- «y'. 
 
( 
 
 E Ladcjcn^:<^/i^^ ca//ed^a/at. 
 
 C Thec/r^ait/ie Se?vyi^riw /rtmiSea: 
 
 E The PVcr/i(7ar. 
 
 r FleafuT^^di'irLdeJ £urafie frrnii 
 
^' fi R R A O L'l P(iJ\Y' 
 _LONST.\NT[\c)i.i,K, 
 
 ^ 
 
 Mh? 
 
 
 A T/u£niJii!ur into i/.Se/v^ac/'lw f?\r/n i). i'/ti/. G T/ieGj-nmi Sujmv.i BcirtjL--/icm/eJ 
 
 LniijirujJ fiv' the Giuux/j. 
 C Tlic ijretjtHall for puldick Cliidience 
 I> 77;r CrmndSig72(r)\i Li^cjmqzr. 
 E The Wcmi^/u Ziyclq-t'ncjj. 
 
 H Part C7f Ccii/tijntmir/ilc ai//c'd Ba/at. 
 
 I T/ic'I,'?it]Yiiice iTiti? the Serraq^lw fi^mi Sea. 
 
 K Sanetiz Sa/iAui ricvv ij.Oi-and SiqnorrfMaf^ue. 
 
 L Fartof the Afta Shear. 
 
 M The.BcrfnaruJ w'^ dande.f £ iiro/ie /rvrn 
 
( t^5 ) 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 HE following Piece was communis 
 cated to jne by a Gentleman of the 
 Vniverfity of Oxford, who had co- 
 py d it from the latter End of the 
 Second Book of Nicetas Choniat, 
 Concerning the Deftrud:ion of 
 Conftantinople. / had no fooner perusd it, kit 
 I found it fo curious in it felf and fo well fuited 
 to the SubjeB of my Author, that I perceivd the 
 Obligations I was under for that Favour-, and 
 judgd it worthy of a I'ranjlation, I would only 
 farther advertife the Reader, that the following 
 Paffage is not to be met with in any of the Printed 
 Copies of Choniat, but is a T^ranfcript from him 
 in that Part of his Book, where he writes, con- 
 cerning the Statues of Conftantinople, which the 
 Romans, when they took that City, caufed to be 
 melted down, and coyn'd. The Pajfage may be 
 found in a MS. Cod. Bodl. fol. 447. /. 25. ani 
 
 rum thus : 
 
 The 
 
1^6 APPENDIX. 
 
 TH E Roman Conquerours, who were of an 
 avaricious Temper, even to a Proverb, 
 pracflis'd a new Method of Rapine and Plunder, 
 entirely unknown to thofe who had taken the City 
 before them. For breaking open by Night the 
 Royal Sepulchres in the great Grove of the He- 
 roLim, they facrilegiouily rifled the Corps of thofe 
 Blcffed Difciples of Jefus Chrijl, and carry 'd off 
 whatfoever was valuable in Gold, Rings, and 
 Jewels, which t"hey could find in thefe Repofi- 
 tories of the Dead. But coming to the Body of 
 the Emperor Jujlinian, and finding his Cofiin 
 untouch'd, tho' it was publickly known for fome 
 Years that it was nobly enrich'd, aw'd with 
 Fear and Admiration, they forbore to difturb 
 the Imperial Afhes. And as they exprefs'd no 
 Reverence and Regard to the Dead, fo were 
 they equally Savage and Inhuman in their Treat- 
 ment of the Living; even to thofe who were 
 their own Countreymen. They fpar'd neither 
 the Houfe of God, nor his Minifters, but ftrip- 
 ped the great Church ( S>an5ta Sophia) of all its 
 fine Ornaments and Hangings, made of the 
 richefl; Brocades, of ineflimable Value : But ftill 
 continuing unfatiable in their Avarice, they no 
 fooner cafl their Eyes upon the brazen Statues, 
 than they order'd them to be melted down. The 
 fine Statue of Juno in Brafs^ which flood in the 
 Forum of Conjlantine^ they chopt in Pieces, and 
 threw it into the Forge. The Head of this Sta- 
 tue was fo large, that four Yoke of Oxen could 
 fcarce drag it into the Palace. Upon the Bafe 
 of it was cut, in Bajfo Relievo^ the Figure of 
 
 Pa?'is^ 
 
APPENDIX. 287 
 
 Paris, Venus ftanding by him, prefenting her 
 with the Apple of Difcord. The noble ^adri- 
 lateral Pillar, iupported with feveral Ranges of 
 Pillars, and which by its Height overlook'd the 
 whole City, and was both the Wonder and the 
 Delight of the curious Spectator, fliared the 
 fame Fate. This lofty Column was adorn 'd 
 with rural Reprefentations of all kinds of ling- 
 ing Birds, Folds of Cattle, milking Pails, of Sheep 
 bleating, and of Lambs frifking and playing, &c. 
 There was alfo engrav'd upon it a View of the 
 Sea and Sea-Gods; fome of whom were catch- 
 ing Fifli with their Hands; others ordering their 
 Nets, then diving to the Bottom ; whilfl: fome 
 in a wanton Manner, were throwing Balls at 
 one another. This Pillar fupported a Pyramid 
 at the Top of it, upon which was plac'd the 
 Statue of a Woman, which turn'd about with 
 the Wind, and was therefore called Anemodes, 
 This excellent Piece was alio melted down for 
 Coinage, as was alfo an Equejlrian Statue, fixed 
 upon a Quadrilateral Pede/lal in the 'Taurus. 
 This was a bold Figure, of an heroic Counte- 
 nance, and furprizing Stature. It was reported 
 by fome, that he was one of the Spies, who 
 was fent by Jofiiia the Son of Nun. With one 
 Hand he pointed Eaftward, with the other to 
 the W^ell, and the Coaft of Gabeon. But this 
 Statue was generally beheved to reprefent Belle- 
 rophon, (born and brought up at Peloponnefus) 
 fitting upon Pegafus ; for the Horfe was with- 
 out a Bridle, as Pegafus is moftly figur'd, fcour- 
 ing the Plain, defpifing a Rider, flying and 
 driving about in a headftrong manner. There 
 
 is 
 
288 APPENDIX. 
 
 is an old Report, which at this Day is iii every 
 Body's Mouth, that there was ftampt in thd 
 Breafl-Plate of this Horfc, with great Skill, the 
 Figure of a Man, which appear 'd outwardly; 
 this Image was either one of the Vejietici, the 
 Epizophuriiy or the Bulga7'i, who were not, at 
 that Time, conquer'd by the Romans. This Horfe 
 and his Rider were alfo melted down. In the 
 Accoutrements of this Horfe was likewife found 
 a fmall brazen Image, wrapp'd up as it w^re 
 in Wool, which the Romans look'd upon to be 
 of little or no Value, and therefore threw that 
 alfo into the Fire. Neither did the Refentment 
 of the barbarous and unpolite Soldiers flop here^ 
 but they exprefled the utmoft Fury againft the 
 fineft Statues, and moil curious Pieces of Work- 
 manship in the Hippocum ^ cutting the largeft 
 of them, which coll: immenfe Sums, into fmall 
 Coins of little Value. The great Statue of HeJ^ 
 ferian Hercules^ fix'd upon a magnificent Re- 
 deflal, clothed in a Lyon's Skin, which feem'd 
 to live, and affright the Spe6tators with his tre- 
 mendous Voice, felt the Marks of military Pow* 
 er. He was not here arm'd with his Quiver, 
 his Bow, or his Club, but ftretching out his 
 right Leg and Arm, he kneeled upon his left 
 Knee, and leaning upon his left Elbow, with 
 his Hand open, he fupported his Head in a 
 thoughtful Manner, and feem'd to lament his 
 Misfortunes; uneafy above all at thofe which 
 'Euryjlheus out of mere Envy had impos'd upon 
 him. This Figure was broad-chefted, the Shoul- 
 ders were large, his Hair long, curl'd, and reach^ 
 
APPENDIX. 289 
 
 ing to his Wafte ; his Arms were brawny, and 
 as long as thofe of the Original made by Lyfi- 
 machuSy which was the firft and laft Mafter- piece 
 of his Skill. In fhort, of fuch a ftupendous 
 Size was this Statue, that his Wrift was as thick 
 as a Man's Body, and the Length of his Leg 
 equal in height to that of any ordinary Perfon. 
 This noble Statue, I fay, did not efcape the 
 Rage of thefe mighty Pretenders to native Vir- 
 tue and Honour: Belide this, they alfo car- 
 ry 'd away the hnage of the Loaded Afs and his 
 Driver. Thefe Figures were fet up originally 
 by Augujius Cc^Jdr at ABiiwi, of whom the Fa- 
 ble goes, that when he went out privately in 
 the Night Time to take a View of Anthony'^ 
 Army, he met a Man driving an Afs; and a ik- 
 ing him " V/ho he was, and ivhither he ivas go^ 
 " ifig f He anfwered, my Name is Nichon, and 
 " my Afs's Nichander, a?2d I am goi??g to Cafars 
 " Arjny ". The Statues alfo of the Hyczna, and 
 the Wolj\ which fuckled Romidiis and Remiis^ un- 
 derwent the fame Fate, and were coyn'd into 
 little brazen Staters. The federal Statues alfo 
 of a Ma?t fighting with a Lyo?i, of the Horfe 
 Neilous, cover'd with Scales behind, of an Ele- 
 phant with a moving Probojcis, of the Sphinx's, 
 beautiful as Women, and terrible as Beafts; 
 which can occafionally walk, or fly in the Air, 
 to fight with Birds of Prey. There was alfo 
 the Statue of a 'wild Horfe, pricking up his Ears, 
 fnorting, curvetting, and prancing ; this, and old 
 Scylla were ferved in 'the fame injurious Manner. 
 She was figur'd like a Woman to the Walle, with 
 
 U a 
 
2po A P P E N D I X. 
 
 a grim frightful Look, jufl as flie appear'd, when 
 (lie fent her Dogs to deflroy Ulyjfes. There 
 was alfo plac'd in the Hippocum a brazen Eagle, 
 which was the Invention oi Apollonius T'yanceus, 
 and a celebrated Monument of his Sorcery. This 
 Impoftor, when he was once requeued by the 
 Byzantians, to heal them of the Bitings of Ser- 
 pents, which was then a common Malady among 
 them, immediately ufing fome diabolical Charms, 
 and heathenifli Ceremonies, he plac'd this Eagle 
 upon a Pillar j it was a pleafant Sight enough, 
 and deferv'd the Curiolity of being more nar- 
 rowly infpeded ; for it made an agreeable Har- 
 mony, and lefs dangerous than that of the Sy- 
 rens. Its Wings were ftretch'd out, as ready 
 for Flight, and it was trampling upon a Ser- 
 pent, wreathing it felf about him. The Serpent 
 feem'd to make the utmoft Effort to bite the 
 Eagle, but its Venom had no Power to hurt 
 him. The Eagle feem'd to gripe him fo hard 
 in his Talons, that he was forced to hang down 
 his Head quietly, and feem'd either to be un- 
 willing, or unable to fpit his Venom at him. 
 The Eagle, on the other Hand, look'd brifk and 
 fprightly, and having obtain'd the Vidtory, feem'd 
 to be in Hafte, to bear him through the Air in 
 Triumph, denoting by the Sprightlinefs of his 
 Look, and the Feeblenefs of the Serpent, that 
 the Serpents, that tormented the Byzantians, 
 would hurt them no more, but fuffer them- 
 felves even to be handled and ftrok'd by them. 
 But thefe were not the only Curiofities obferva- 
 ble in this AquUine Statue. It was alfo very 
 
 remark- 
 
APPENDIX. 291 
 
 ' remarkable, that the twelve Hours were engra^ 
 ven under its Wings, under each Wing fix, 
 which fliew'd the Hour of the Day, by the 
 Rays of the Sun darting thro' a Kole in each 
 Wing, artificially made for that Purpofe. But 
 what fhall I now fay of the fine Proportions of 
 Helen., who engag'd all Greece in her Quarrel, 
 and for whofe Sake 'Troy itfelf was laid in Ruines? 
 No Wonder that when living fhe could charm 
 the mofl ftubborn, and foften the moft impene^ 
 trable Heart, when in breathing Brafs {he cap-- 
 tivated all that faw her. Her Habit fat loofe 
 upon her, which difcover'd too great an Inclina- 
 tion for Gallantry Her Hair, which feem'd to 
 wave in the Wind, v/as long and delicate, braid-N- 
 ed with Gold and Jewels, Her Robe was girt 
 about her, falling down to the Knee. Her Lips 
 feem'd like the opening Rofes, you would fancy 
 they mov'd, and fuch an agreeable Smile bright*^ 
 ned her Countenance, as entertained the Eye of 
 the Sped:ator with Pleafure. It is impoirible" for 
 me to defcribe the Sweetnefs and Chearfulnefs of 
 her Looks, the Arches of her Eyes, and the per- 
 fed: Symmetry of the whole Statue. Take it 
 therefore as it is given us by Poets and Hifto^ 
 rians. Helen the Daughter of Tyiidarm was the 
 Perfedion of Beauty, the Child of Love, the 
 Pride, and the Care oi Venus; the Mafler-piece 
 of Nature, the great Prize of the Grecians and 
 Trojans, Where is now your Nepenthe., the fe^ 
 cret Charm to guard you from all Evils ? Where 
 are your irrefiftible Fhiltriimsf Why did you 
 
 . jipt ufe them againfl thefe barbarous Invaders^ 
 
 U z with 
 
191 APPENDIX. 
 
 with the fame Succefs as you did formerly ? But 
 I fuppofe it was determined by the Fates, that 
 you fhould fall by the Force of Fire, who have 
 rais'd fuch Flames in the Breafts of thofe who 
 came to behold you j or perhaps thefe our new 
 Conquerours, who pretend to be defcended from 
 the 'Trojans^ threw your Statue into the Fire, to 
 revenge the burning of that City, of which you 
 was only the innocent Caufe. But I can nei- 
 ther think nor fpeak with Patience of thefe ava- 
 ritious Monfters, who have demolifh'd the moll 
 valuable, the moil curious, the mod coftly Sta- 
 tues in the whole World ; Fellows, who would 
 have fold their Wives for Money; who behav'd 
 themfelves rather like Birds of Prey, than a re- 
 gular well-difciplin'd Army 3 only with this Dif- 
 ference, that they fpent their Prey as loofely, as 
 they got it inglorioufly, and would willingly ven- 
 ture their Lives to fupport their Extravagance. 
 Hear thefe Verfes oiHojner^ who is well known 
 to the Gi'eeks and the Ba-rbariaiis j to the Learned, 
 and Unlearned, concerning Helen. 
 
 — No Wonder fuch Celejilal Charms, 
 For ten long Tears fiould hold the World in Arms. 
 
 Pope. 
 
 Pardon this • Digreffion : — There was alfo 
 plac'd upon a Pillar a more modern Statue of a 
 Woman., which was very curious and agreeable. 
 Her Hair hung down behind, combed clofe down 
 from the Forehead backwards, not breaded up, 
 but bending to the Hand of the Spedator. Upon 
 the right Hand of this Statue flood the Eque- 
 
 Jlria?i 
 
APPENDIX. 293 
 
 jlrtan Statue of a Man. The Horfe ftood upon 
 one Leg, the other bore a Cup with a mix'd 
 Potion. The Rider was of a large Size, his 
 Body compleatly arm'd, his Legs and his Feet 
 were cover'd with Greaves, his Air was manly, 
 rough, and warlike. The Horfe was niettlefome, 
 and high courag'd, pricking up his Ears, as tho' 
 he heard the Trumpet. His Neck was high, his 
 Look fierce, his Eyes fparkling, as eager for the 
 Battle 5 he rear'd up his Fore-feet, and pranced 
 like a War-Horfe. Near this Statue, hard by 
 the Eaftern Goal, call'd Rujius, were a Range of 
 Statues of Charioteers^ dextrous in driving the 
 Chariot, and turning the Goal. They were 
 very bufy in managing their Bridles, and fmack- 
 ing their Whips, and dired:ing their Horfes, 
 with their Eyes fix'd fteddily upon the Goal. 
 In fhort, there feem'd to be defcrib'd in thefe 
 Figures all the Tumult and Fury of a Chariot 
 Race, with the moft vigorous Struggle for Vi- 
 ctory and Succefs. This Defcription of thefe 
 Statues may feem imperfeft; for it never was 
 my Intention to defcribe them all. But what 
 gave me the moil agreeable Pleafure, and feem'd 
 to me the moft admirable Piece of Workman- 
 fhip, was a large Pedejfal., upon which was 
 plac'd an Animal caji in Brafs^ as large as an 
 Ox, having a fhort Tail, and a moderate Dew- 
 lap, fomething like the /Egyptian Cattle. It had 
 no Hoofs; but held in its Teeth, ready to 
 ftrangle it, another Animal^ cloth'd all over vv^ith 
 Scales, almoft impenetrable. It feem'd to be a 
 Bafilisk^ and had a Mouch fomewhat like a 
 
 U 3 Serpent's. 
 
194 APPENDIX. 
 
 Serpeilt's. It was taken by many to be an Ox 
 of the Nile, and by fome to be a Crocodile, 
 Bat I forbear to give the feveral Conjectures 
 upon it. Thefe Figures however feem'd to re- 
 prei'ent an odd Sort of Fight, each of them fu- 
 rioufly ilriving for Victory. The Creature which 
 feem'd to be tlie Bafilisk was in Colour like a 
 Frog, and was all over bloated from Head to 
 Foot. Re was cafting out his Venom upon his 
 Antagonift, with an Intent to deftroy him. This 
 Anhnal was carv'd as bearing upon one Knee, 
 and in a languifliing Condition. This Obferva- 
 tion gave the Spectators occafion to believe it 
 fallen dead backward, if the Bafe where he flood 
 had not fupported him. There was alfo the 
 Figure of another JlnimaJ^ in whofe Jaws was 
 rcprefented a fmaller Creature, whofe Mouth was 
 open as almoft choak'd by the Teeth which held 
 him, ftruggling to get loofe, but to. no Purpofe. 
 His Tail, which was very fhort, feem'd to trem- 
 ble; his Shoulders, his fore Feet, and the hinder 
 Part of his Body, were hid in the Mouth of his 
 Enemy, and mafli'd by his Jaws. Thefe Ani- 
 mals alfo mutually klll'd each other. Thus we 
 may obferve, that thefe Poifonous Creatures, io 
 deltrudtive to Man, are no lefs noxious to each 
 other. And this, many Times, is the Cafe of 
 Nations, and Kingdoms, as was exemplify 'd in 
 the Romans^ when they made War upon us ; 
 killing, and deflroying one another, through the 
 Power of Cbriji^ who rejoyceth not in Blood, 
 and difperfeth the Nations that dv^light in War ; 
 who maketh the Jufl to walk upon the Adder, 
 
 and 
 
/APPENDIX, 
 
 295 
 
 and the Bafillik, and treadeth the Lyon and Dra- 
 gon under his Feet. 
 
 hi the Beginning of this MS upon a large Folio 
 Page, are infcrib d the following Words, in the 
 Bencfadlors own Hand. " ^ir John Roe, Bart. 
 " Ambafador from His Majcjly of Great Brittain 
 " to the Gv2Lnd Seignior, as a perpetual TefiitnoJiy 
 « of his Gratitude to the Univerfity, (Oxon) gave 
 " this Book, which he jnet with in his Travels^ to 
 ^' the Publick Library^ 1628. 
 
 U 4 
 
 A N 
 

 A N 
 
 Explanatory Index. 
 
 Bacus from i'/Js*!, 
 which fignifies a 
 fquaieTrencher. 
 It is the four 
 fquareTable,that 
 makes the Capital on the 
 Top of a Column, /». 148 
 
 Acropolis, is that Point of 
 Land where Old Byzan- 
 tium ftocd, 157 
 
 .Egyptians, how they ad- 
 orn their Pillars, 175 
 
 Alphabets, J//yrian and 
 Greek, yy 
 
 Annulets, are little fquare 
 Parts tum'd round in the 
 Coruitb'u2}i Capitals, 264 
 
 Antiquity, a famous Piece 
 of it, 154 
 
 Apophyge, it comes from 
 the Greek Word ^^t^y:,', 
 and fignifies that Part of a 
 Column, where it feems to 
 fly out of its Br.fe, 255 
 
 Aqjjeduct oi V'ilens, 197. 
 Of f^alcntiniany 212. Other 
 AqueiuSis, 2 1 3 
 
 Architrave, this Word is 
 a Compound of two Lan- 
 guages, i^-^it and Trabs^ 
 
 and denotes the firft Mem- 
 ber of the Entablature^ 1 1 3 
 
 Arius, his miierable Death, 
 177 
 
 Armation, a Place of Arms, 
 
 28 
 
 Astragal, is dcriv'd from 
 the Greek Word 'h^^yu.- 
 A®-, and fignifies the little 
 Joynts in the Neck. It 
 is a Member of Archite- 
 6lurc joyn'd to Bafes, Cor- 
 nices, and Architraves, 242 
 
 AvASARius, a Street in Con- 
 ftantinople^ 238 
 
 B. 
 
 BAgnio's, of Achilles, 20. 
 Of Arcadius, 79. Of 
 Anajlafta, 208. Of Baja- 
 zet, 193. Oi Carofia, 198. 
 Of Conjlantius, 210. Of 
 Honorius,;md. Eudocia, 169. 
 Of Zeuxippus, 97 
 
 Base. This fignifies the 
 Foot of a Pillar, which 
 fupports it ; as alfo that 
 Part, upon which the Shaft 
 of the Pillar bears, 1 09 
 
 Basilica, is derived from 
 
 BxQ-iMvif a King, and was 
 
 a 
 
T N B n X. 
 
 a large Building, made at 
 firft for Kings and Prin- 
 ces ; afterwards they were 
 turn'd into Courts of Ju- 
 fcice, and fometimes into 
 Churches. In Conftanti- 
 7iople it contain'd the Im- 
 perial Library, confiding 
 of fix hundred Thoufand 
 Volumes; was alfo a Seat 
 of Learning, and a Place 
 ofTraffick, 145 
 
 Bezestan, in the Ottoman 
 Language, is their Grand 
 Exchange, 48 
 
 Blachernae, a Part of the 
 Suburbs, 63 
 
 Brazen-Bull, 228 
 
 Byzantium, founded by 
 Byzasy 13. The Mega- 
 rians its firft Inhabitants, 
 1 4. Rebuilt by the Lace- 
 demoniansy 15. Afterwards 
 call'd Antonina, ibid. Af- 
 ter that Nezu Rome^ Con- 
 J-antiiiopky and Anthufa^ 
 or Florentia by Conjlantine^ 
 ibid. Its Revolutions, ihid. 
 Its Walls, Towers, Gates, 
 Ports, 17- Taken by the 
 Romans, 19. Its Antient 
 Situation and Extent, 20. 
 The greateft City in all 
 Thrace y 21. Rebuilt by 
 Conjiantine, 23. Its feven 
 Towers, 71. Its Old Ca- 
 ftle where built, 76 
 
 C. 
 
 CAPITAL, the Top of a 
 Pillar, 1 1 3 
 
 Capitol ; This was a large 
 Temple, where they cele- 
 
 brated their Feftivals and 
 Triumphs, and to which 
 they repair'd upon publick 
 Occafions, 203 
 
 Capochee's, the drudging 
 
 Porters among the Turksy 
 
 38 
 
 Chalca, a Defcription of 
 
 it, 134 
 
 Chalcopratia, the Pla- 
 ces where they worked 
 their Brafs, 148 
 
 Caravan SERA, a Place 
 built like an Inn for the 
 Reception of Strangers and 
 Travellers, 52 
 
 Ceras, or Cheras, a Bay 
 which divides Galata from 
 the City, and is fo called, 
 becaufe it winds round 
 like a Horn, 20 
 
 Chrysostom St. banifli'd, 
 102 
 
 Church of St. Anthony ^ 
 Blejed Virgin, St. John 
 Baptijl, 28. Oi Anajlafid 
 znd Hirena, 192. Of St. 
 Jgathonicus, 80. Of the 
 Apojiles, 221. Of the Bla- 
 cherna, 63. Of Bacchus^ 
 2nd Sergius, 117. Of St. 
 Euphemia, 124. Of St. 
 Irene, loi. Of St. Mar- 
 dan, 114, Of St. Mina, 
 of Modus and St. Anne^ 
 260. Of St. P^^^r and St. 
 Paul, 117. Of St. Paul, 
 204. Of St. Polyclete, 124. 
 Of Procopius, of the Mar- 
 tyr Theca, 121. Of St. 
 Theodore, loz. And of St. 
 Thomas, 120 
 
 Church, without the Walls 
 
 of 
 
INDEX. 
 
 of the City. This Church 
 was called Xf/«-05 x'^i^'^* 
 that is, a Church facred 
 to Chriji, in a Monaftery 
 call'd Chora ; becaufe when 
 firft built it ftood in the 
 Suburbs, 242. See Caji- 
 tacuzenus. 
 
 Church of St. Sophia, fi- 
 tuate in the Imperial Pre- 
 cin(5t, 81. By whom built, 
 82. By what Architefls, 
 84. Its Length, Breadth, 
 and Height, 86. Incrufted 
 with elegant Marble of all 
 Kinds, 87. Its Roof, Pil- 
 lars, and Arches, ibid. 
 The whole Architefture 
 of it defcrib'd from Pag-e 
 87, to 95 
 
 Circus Maximus, a Place 
 of a large oblong Figure, 
 built for the Exercife of 
 Martial Sports, with Seats 
 fortheSpeftators, 103 
 
 ClSTERNT, of Bonus, 28. 
 
 Of Mocifia, 66. Imperial 
 Ciflern, whofe Roof is 
 fupported with 336 Mar- 
 ble Pillars, difcovered by 
 the Author, 147. More 
 Cifterns, 162, Ciftern of 
 Theodofms, 169. Of Jrca- 
 dius and Modcjius, i z^. 
 Oi yuflinian, z6o. Of St. 
 Benedicl, 275 
 
 CacHLiA, This was a Gate 
 of the City, and fo call'd, 
 as I conceive, becaufe it 
 had winding Stairs with- 
 in it, 116 
 
 Colossus, Its Defcription 
 and Size, 108, 109 
 
 COLUMNA ViRGINEA, 58 
 CoNSTANTJNE. An Ac- 
 
 count of his fine Build- 
 ings, 23, 24. A Prince 
 of Remarkable Clemency 
 and Goodnefs, 28. His 
 Military Standard, 183. 
 The Story of his feeing 
 the Crofs in the Heavens 
 vindicated, 84. His Cof- 
 fin, 222 
 
 Constantinople, its de- 
 lightful Situation, i. Its 
 Strength, 2. Its Commo- 
 dities, 3. Conveniencies 
 of its Port, 5. Is the 
 Key of the Mediterranean 
 and Black Sea, 6. Its 
 choice Wines, 7. Its Tim- 
 ber, 8. Its Fifh, 9. Tem- 
 perature of its Climate, 
 ibid. The Difpofition of 
 its Inhabitants, 10. The 
 Fortrefs of all Europe, 1 1. 
 Its Magnificence and vaft 
 Extent, 24, 25. Its Fi- 
 gure, 29. Its Compafs 
 and Length, 30. Its 
 Breadth, 31. Strength, 
 andStatelinefs of itsWalls, 
 6j. By whom built and 
 repair'd, 68. Its feveral 
 Gates, 70. The long 
 Walls of it by whom 
 built, 72. Divided into 
 14 Wards, 71 
 
 Cornice; this fignifies the 
 third, and highell Part of 
 the Entablature, 1 1 3 
 
 Cyclobion ; this was a 
 round Caflle in the City, 
 and Ibme time a Palace, 
 
 239 
 Cyne- 
 
I N D 
 
 Cynegion ; this was the 
 
 fame Kind of Building 
 
 with the The at rum Vena- 
 
 torium in antient Ro7ne^ 
 
 244 
 
 D. 
 
 DElphic Tripos, i 1 1 
 Dentils, is a Meir> 
 ber of the Ionic Cornice, 
 Square, and cut out at 
 proper Diftanres, which 
 gives it the Form of a 
 Set of Teeth, 242 
 
 DiCERATON ; a Tax laid 
 upon the People for Re- 
 pairing the Walls of the 
 City, 68 
 
 Digit ; this is a Meafure 
 fomewhat fhort of an 
 Inch, 104 
 
 Divan, it fignifies the Fo- 
 rum Judiciale of the Turks, 
 38 
 
 EMerald, of a large 
 Size*, 160 
 
 Entablature] this Word 
 denotes the three Mem- 
 bers of Architedure, viz. 
 the Architrave, Frieze, and 
 Cornice, 1 1 3 
 
 ExAciONioN ; this was a 
 Place, thro' which there 
 ran the Land-Wall of the 
 City, 218 
 
 ExAMMON ij/" HeRACLIUS, 
 
 or 'EJausv. This is a 
 Word which is Greeciz'd 
 from the Latin Examen, 
 and fenifies a Standard 
 
 E X 
 
 Meafure appointed by that 
 Emperour, 
 
 141 
 
 F. 
 
 FACTIONS. Thefe were 
 Company of Chariot- 
 racers. There were four 
 Companies of them at 
 Old Ro?ne. At Conjianti- 
 nople, (as far as I have 
 obferv'd, or at lealt not 
 mention'd by Gyllius) but 
 only One, which was cal- 
 led the Frafine Fa^iorty 
 becaufe they wore a Green 
 Livery. The Word Pra-^ 
 fine is deriv'd from u^a-ou 
 a Leek, 116, 117 
 
 P'asciae. Thefe are three 
 Bands in Architedlure, of 
 which the Architrave is 
 compos'd, 242 
 
 Frieze. The round Part 
 of the Entablature, which 
 is between the Architrave, 
 and the Cornice, 253 
 
 Forum of Arcadius, 257. 
 Oi Auguftus, 83. O'i Ccn- 
 Jiantine, 171. Cupcdinis, 
 153. Oi Honor ius, 275. 
 F:rum Pijloriuin, 195. Fo- 
 rum Pratorianum, or the 
 Court of Publick Juftice, 
 170. Foru?n in the TaU" 
 rus, and the Forum of 
 Theodofms, 1 69 
 
 G 
 
 tion. 
 
 G. 
 
 A lata, now called ^jr^ 
 and Peray its Situa- 
 
 264 
 Gates 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Gates, o^ Conjlantimpk^'jo 
 Grand-Hetaer I arc h , 
 Commander of the prime 
 Auxiliary Bandj for there 
 •were two fuch Bands under 
 the Greek Eaiperors, the 
 One called the « (t«r/«A)>, 
 the other >; ^it/xf* itxiohx 
 i. e. the Greater and Lefler 
 Band of Auxiliaries. The 
 Commander of the former 
 
 was i uty<i>.i!i i7cci^M*i" A^~ 
 
 >;<yv, or fometimes in one 
 
 Word Miy o'.^ireci^Hcii^x^rii , 
 
 230. See Codinus. 
 Gymnasia, Places where 
 they exercis'd themfelves 
 in Martial Sports, 158 
 
 H. 
 
 HIppocum, 290. This 
 I take to be the fame 
 with the Hyppodrom. 
 
 Hppodrom, the Place where 
 they perform'd their Races 
 of all Kinds, 103 
 
 Homer, his Iliads and Odyf- 
 fes infcrib'd, in Golden 
 Charafters, on the Gut of 
 a Dragon, 144 
 
 Hospital of Sampfon, and 
 Eubulus^ 1 00 
 
 HvPOTRACHELION, this is 
 
 the moft llender Part, or 
 Nech of the Pillar, which 
 touches the Capital, 263 
 
 L. 
 
 I 
 
 I. 
 
 Nt E R C O LUMNIATION, 
 
 the Diftance of one Pillar 
 from another, 147 
 
 LAbarum, this Word 
 fignifies a longer piece 
 of Wood, tranfvers'd near 
 the Top with a fliort 
 Piece, upon which hangs 
 the military Flag, 184 
 Lampterum, a place in 
 Conjlantinopk fo called , 
 becaufe it was Nightly 
 Illuminated. 
 
 M. 
 
 MAgnaura, a place in 
 the Suburbs, 239 
 
 Mahomet, took the City 
 
 195 
 Manga NA, a Place of 
 Arms ; alfo a Monaftery 
 of that Name. 96 
 
 Medal, of Belizarius, 116 
 Mliarium Aureum, this 
 this was a gilded Pillar, 
 from whence they us'd to 
 adjufl the Diftances of 
 Places from the City, 152 
 MoDius, this generally fig- 
 nifies a Buftiel according 
 to Englifli Meafure ; but 
 I am fenfible, I had tranf- 
 lated it more properly, 
 had I made it to iignify 
 no more than a Peck v/ant- 
 ing half a Pint ; which is 
 the Grecian Modius. 107 
 Modules, thefe are certain 
 Meafures invented to re- 
 gulate the whole Building, 
 
 113 
 
 Monastery, of Studius, 
 
 259 
 
 Morion, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Morion, a place fo call'd, 
 which ran round the Hip- 
 pgdrom, i ^ 3 
 
 Mosaic Work, A curious 
 Piece of it, 87 
 
 o 
 
 o. 
 
 Belisk, built of The- 
 baic Marble,io3. Two 
 more Obelifrcs^ 104 
 
 Ov'OLO, or Egg, is that 
 Member of Archite6ture, 
 which is firft plac'd on 
 the Top of Ionic Capitals^ 
 
 P. 
 
 PAcEs, by this, the Au- 
 thor means the Ordi- 
 nar}' Sreps a Man takes in 
 Walking, which cannot 
 be exadly reduced to the 
 Roman Pace, becaufe they 
 vary according to the dif- 
 ferent Afcents and De- 
 fcents of the Ground he 
 walks, 65 
 
 P A L A c E of Conftantine, 1 3 4 
 of the Grand Scignor, 37 
 o^Juftinus, 120. Other 
 Palaces built by him, 121 
 Palace of Maximinus, 81. 
 Palaces of Sophia, 121. 
 
 Palladium of Minerva, 
 1 17. Defcrib'd , 179. 
 How Figur'd, 1 80 
 
 Pedestal; this is that 
 Member of Architedure, 
 that fupports a Column, 
 having a Bafe and Cornice 
 different, according to the 
 Difference of the feveral 
 
 Orders of Building, 113 
 
 Phanarium, a Street in 
 ConJlantinopJe 236 
 
 Pharo, a Watch-Tower; 
 fet up as a Guide to Ships 
 at a Diftance, 96 
 
 Philoxenon; this Word, 
 by its Derivation from the 
 Greek, fignifies a publick 
 Place of Entertainment 
 for Travellers, and Stran- 
 gers. The Turks at pre- 
 fent call thefe Places Ca- 
 ravan/era's, 1 6 1 
 
 Pillar of Arcadius; this is 
 the fame Pillar, which is 
 called theHillorical Pillar; 
 and which is Reprefented 
 among the Cuts which I 
 have added to this Book : 
 It is therefore called the 
 Hiflorical Pillar; becaufe 
 it Reprefents the Adions 
 and Triumphs of that Em- 
 peror. It is a plain Mar- 
 ble Column, 147 Foot in 
 Height; work'd in Bajfo 
 Relievo, 250. See Tourne- 
 fo-rt. 
 
 Pillar of Marcian; this 
 Pillar is only mention'd 
 by my Author; but lince 
 his Time has been difco- 
 ver'd in a private Garden 
 at Conjfand/iople, by Sir 
 G. Wheler. The Pillar 
 is made of Granate, and 
 is thought to have been 
 the Urn, where that Em- 
 peror's Heart was buried^ 
 256. See the lame Au- 
 thor. 
 
 FiLLAR, 
 
INDEX, 
 
 Pillars; Of Conjiantine , 
 i^6.Corinthian^ very large, 
 1 3 7. Pillars in the Hippo- 
 drom^ 1 1 o, 1 1 1, 112. Of 
 "Juflman^ 129. Porphyry 
 Pillar, 172. See alfo ihe 
 Cuts. Pillars in i\\tSenate- 
 Houfe, 131. Of Sophia, 
 120. Of Theodo/ius, 129. 
 Of Valentinian, 256. 
 
 Plinth ; in Architefture 
 
 ' it is taken for that Iquare 
 
 Member, which makes the 
 
 Foundation of the Bafe of 
 
 the Pillar, 113. 
 
 Portico's ; thefe were 
 Buildings of curious work, 
 added to publick Structures 
 whether Sacred or Civil. 
 
 Portico, Of the Church of 
 the Apoftles, 221. Im- 
 perial Portico, where fealed 
 150. Other Portico's, full 
 of Statues, 151. Portico, 
 called Sigma, 221 
 
 Prytaneum ; this was a 
 ftately Building, where 
 thofe who had dcferv'd 
 well of the Government, 
 were handfomely main- 
 tain'd at the publick 
 Charge. There was fuch 
 a Structure at Athens, for 
 the fame purpofe, 1 69 
 
 Pyradimical Engine; its 
 Ufe and Contrivance, 197 
 
 S. 
 
 SCoTiA ; this is a Mem- 
 ber of Architedure hol- 
 low'dj or fluted as a Demi- 
 
 Channel. It is particu- 
 ly us'd in the Bafes, where 
 it is plac'd between the 
 Tore, and the AJlragah, 
 
 113 
 
 Senate-House; built by 
 Conjiantine, 132. How ad- 
 orn'd, 182 
 
 Seraglio, or the Imperial 
 Palace; a Defcription of 
 
 it, 37, 38, 39, 40, 4I' 
 Where fituate, 51. Its 
 Extent, 52 
 
 Shaft of a Pillar is the Bo- 
 dy of it, III 
 
 Stadia ; thefe were Places, 
 in the Form of Circo's, for 
 running of Men and Hor- 
 fes, I 3 6 
 
 Statues; Of JpoL'o, i}6. 
 Of Arcadia, and f^erina, 79. 
 Of Arcadius and Honor ius, 
 197. Of Ariadne, 139. Of 
 Arius and others, i 54. Of 
 Byzas and Phidalia, 141. 
 Of Conjiantine the Great, 
 170. A Silv^er Statue of 
 Eudocia Augufta, i o i . Two 
 Female Statues, 186. Of 
 the Fortune of the City, 
 154. A gilded Statue, and 
 ihMof J ujiinian, 141. Of 
 Helena and others, 138. 
 Of Hercules, 142. Statues 
 in the Hippodrom, 108, 
 109, 110, III. Statue of 
 old Homer very fine, 78. 
 Of Jujlinian, I zj. Statues 
 in l\\Q Laufus, 159, Of Leo 
 the Emperour, 123. Of 
 Longinus, 187. Of the 
 Mujes, i^^. Of Princes, 
 Poets, 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Poets, Hiftorians, and O- 
 rators, 99. Of Pulcheria^ 
 139. OiRhea^ 131. Of 
 'Theodora^ 79. Of Theo- 
 dojhis^ IZ5, 129. Oi Tra- 
 jan , TbeodofiUi , Valenti- 
 nian^ GibbuSy Firmilliajius, 
 and EutropiuSy 142. Of 
 Zeno, Statues in the Bag- 
 nio's oi Zeuxippiis^ 98 
 
 Statues (mention'd in the 
 Appendix) demolifli'd by 
 the Romans. Anemodes^ a 
 Woman plac'd on a Py- 
 ramidy and turning with 
 the Wind, 287. Animals; 
 two large ones reprefent- 
 ed in Brafs, 293. Ani?nah\ 
 two lefs, 294. AxiAfs and 
 his Driver y 289. Chario- 
 teers; a Range of them, 
 295. An Eag/e in Brafs, 
 entwin'd by a Serpe/ii ^ 
 290. An Elephant yz^g. An 
 Equejlrian Statue of a Man, 
 293. An Equeflrian Statue 
 in the Taurus^ 287. A 
 Helen very fine, 291. An 
 Hefperian Hercules^ 288. 
 A//(J/y^ wild, 289. KHy- 
 ana^ and a /i^^, ibid. 
 A Juno in Brafs, 288. A 
 ■Man fighting with a Lyon, 
 289. Neilous, a Horje, ib. 
 Old SryZ/j, ibid. Sphinx's, 
 ibid, a Woman, a more 
 modern Statue, 293 
 
 Strategium, a kind of a 
 Parade, or Place where the 
 Generals ufaally pitched 
 their Tents, and exercis'd 
 their Men, 23 
 
 Syparum i the Flag of a 
 
 Military Standard, 184 
 T. 
 
 TAuRUs ; a Street in 
 Cotijiantinople, 193 
 
 Te m p l e s ; Of Amphiaraus^ 
 274. Oi Apollo, 120. Of 
 Bacchus, 77. Of Ceres^ 
 166. Of Concord, 120. 
 Of Diana Lucifera, 274. 
 Of y^, 259. Of Juno^ 
 190. Oi Jupiter, 97. Of 
 Neptune, 76. Of -P////', 
 190. Oi Proferpina, 166. 
 Of the Sun and Moon, 
 208. 0(TeIlus, 166. Of 
 ^(.v/w; Placid a, 274 
 
 Tetrapylum; a Defcrip- 
 tion of it, 196 
 
 Thebaic Obelisk, where 
 fix'd, 103. Its Length, 
 with a Defcription of it, 
 104,105. Manner of Rai- 
 fing it, (See the Cuts) 106 
 
 Thermation j a Place of 
 Bathing, 255 
 
 Tomb of Bajazet , 194. 
 defcrib'd, 200. Tomb of 
 Conjiantine, 221. Oi Ma- 
 homet, 55, O^ Mahomet, 
 Solyman's Son, 202. Of 
 A^auritius, 248. O^ Se- 
 lytnus, 5 9 
 
 Tore; this is the third 
 Member of Architeflure 
 in the Bafe of the Co- 
 lumn, which turns round 
 it Ii"ke a Ring, 1 1 3 
 
 Trabeation, 113. See 
 Entablature. 
 
 Triclinium ; this was a 
 place of Publick Enter- 
 tainment 
 
INDEX, 
 
 tainment, and was many 
 Times a very fumptuous 
 Building moft beautifully 
 adorn'd, 162. The great 
 Trie Urn urn built by Anafla- 
 fius, 246. The Triclinium 
 oi Magnaura^ 239 
 
 Tripos of Apollo \ this Tri- 
 pos was fet upon a brazen 
 Pillar made of three Ser- 
 pents entwin'd, which was 
 about fifteen Foot high, 
 according to Tourncfort. 
 See the Cut of the Serpen- 
 tine Pillar, 1 1 2 
 
 Turks; theirWay of build- 
 ing Pillars, 1 8 8 
 
 V 
 
 V. 
 
 EsTiBULE, or Vesti- 
 BULUM ; a Houfe of 
 Entrance into a Church, 
 
 or any great Building, 133 
 VoLUTAE. The Word fig- 
 nifies zvreath^d, and is that 
 Part of the Capitals, of 
 the Ionic, Corinthian, and 
 Compofite Orders, which is 
 fupposM to reprefent the 
 Bark of Trees twilled, 1 19 
 
 W. 
 
 "IT 1 k-L-L^ of Conjlantino- 
 
 Walks Imperial, 142 
 
 X. 
 
 X 
 
 Erolophon; thisWord 
 fignifies'a dry XJn£tion, 
 and the Place was call'd 
 fo, becaufe whoever was 
 anointed there never us'd 
 to bath, 259 
 
 FINIS, 
 
DESCRIPTION 
 
 Of the CITY of 
 
 Constantinople, 
 
 As it flood in the Reigns of 
 
 ArCADIUS and HoNORlUS. 
 
 Pablifhed from the 
 
 Notitia Utriufque Imperii 
 
 WITH 
 
 Pancirolus'5 notes. 
 
 Vefiigia retro 
 
 Qbfervata feqtior, Vir. ^n. Jj^ 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 printed in the Year Mdccxxix". 
 
A 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 Of the WARDS of 
 
 Constantinople. 
 
 The firft Reoton, or Ward. 
 
 HEfirft Ward contains in it, the Houfe 
 o/^ Placid la Augufta; the Uoufe of the 
 moft ilhijirioiis Marina ; the Bagnio's 
 
 ^__^ of Arcadius j twenty ni7ie Streets ; an 
 
 Hujidred and eighteen large Houfes; two^ Portico's 
 of a great Length; fifteen private Bagnio's ; four 
 publick, and fifteen private Mills j and four Gra- 
 dus. It was gover?ied by one Curator, > who had 
 under his Charge, the whole Ward. T'here was alfo 
 one Vexnaculus, who was MeJJ'enger of the Ward, 
 
 a 2 "^^^^ 
 
4 y^ Description of 
 
 was alfo AJjiJlant to him^ and entirely at his Com- 
 mand. It had alfo twenty Jive Collegiati, chofen 
 out of the federal Bodies of uradefmen^ whofe Of- 
 fice it was to direSi and affift in Cafes of Fire. 
 Inhere were alfo five Vico-Magiftri, whofe Bufmefs 
 \t was to watch the City by Night. ' - 
 
 Thus far my Author. I fhall here add a Re- 
 mark made by Gyllitis, it not being foreign to 
 our Purpofe, viz. Thiat thofe whom P. Vi6lor^ 
 and ♦S. Rufus, believed to have been called the De- 
 nunciatores in antient Rome, here in new Rome^ 
 he calls Vernaculi. Neither of them mentiori 
 the Collegiati, thp.' all Hiftori^ns take Notice of 
 the Vico-Magifiri, who with more Propriety of 
 the Latin Tongue, fhould rather have been called 
 Vicoriim Magifiri, as appears, he tells us, by an 
 Infcription yet remaining in the Capitol of OW 
 Rome, which is as follows. 
 
 IMP. CAESARI DIVI. 
 
 TRAIANI PARTHICi FIL. 
 
 DIVI NERVAE NEPOTI. 
 
 TRAIANO HADRIANO. 
 
 AVG. PONTIF. MAXIMO. 
 
 TRIBVNIC. POTEST AT. XX. 
 
 IMP. 11. CON. III. P. 
 MAGISTRI VICORVM XIHI. 
 
 NOTE 
 
the Wards of the C'wy. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^he jirft Ward.'] 'Tis evident from Pliny^ and 
 alfo from T'acitus, in that Part of his Hiftory, 
 where he mentions the Burning of the City by 
 Nero, that antient Rome was divided into fourteen 
 RegiofiSj or Wards. Sex. Rufus, and P. Fi^or, 
 who had pafs'd the Co?2jular Dignity, have given 
 us fome {hort Defcriptions of them. As to the 
 Wards of Neiv Ko??je, they are here defcribed as I 
 found them placed before the Notitia Utriufque 
 Imperii. Conjiantinople, which was a kind of 
 Reprefentation of Old Rome, was likewife after 
 her Examplcj as 'Jiifiinian obferves in his 43^^ 
 Novel, divided into fourteen Wards-, and he calls 
 them Regio7is or Wards. There were many Mo- 
 numents of Antiquity carried thither from Old 
 Rome, and many new ones made there, which I 
 could by no Means pafs by, as the Accounts of 
 them may be necefiary to the Knowledge of both 
 Places. And therefore to explain and illuftrate 
 them the more, I have fubjoined fome Annotati- 
 ons of my own, and have alfo taken Notice, as 
 they fell in my Way, of fome Obfervations made 
 In my Comments on the Notitia, &c. The Au- 
 thor of the DeJcriptio?i obferves this Method. 
 The Churches, and other Matters which are moft 
 Material, he treats of in the firil Place, then he 
 mentions what is lefs Important, in the fame 
 Order, in every Ward-, as the Streets, Houfes, 
 Bag?iids, Mills, the Grddus, then the Curator^ 
 Ver?iacidus, the Collegiati, and laft of all, the Fi- 
 co-JVf^giftri. In the thirteenth Ward^ throuq:h 
 
 a 3 a Ml- 
 
6 ^Df, SCRIPTlONr?/* 
 
 a MIftake, the Streets are omitted, which Error 
 I have taken Care to correct, as I have aU'o an- 
 other in the fourteenth IVard^ where he has left 
 out the Curator^ the Vernaculus ^ the CoUegiati^ 
 and the Vico-Magijlri. He mentions only four- 
 teen Churches, in leven Wa?-ds-j whereas at Ro?ney 
 there was not a Street witliout fome Temple or 
 other, and fome had two. I fliall make my An^ 
 notatiom upon every Monument of Antiquity, in 
 the fame JVardj and in the fame Place, that I 
 find it. 
 
 I' be Hoiife of Placidia Augufta.] This Lady 
 was the Daughter of T^heodofms the Great ^ and 
 Sifter of Arcadius and Honoring. When New 
 Ro?ne was taken by Alaric^ Kii^g of ^^ Goths and 
 Vandals, he carried her away into Captivity, who 
 afterward married his Kinfman and Succeflbr 
 Athauljus. Upon his Death, flie was reftored to 
 her Countrey, and being married again to Con^ 
 fiantiuSj fhe had by him two Sons, Valentinian 
 and Hofioriadesj as Eiitropiiis, Zonaras, CedrinuSy 
 and other Hifforians tell us. 
 
 T.loe Houfe of the mofi illujirious Marina.] Ma- 
 f'ina was the Daughter of Arcadius, who being 
 honoured with the Title of the Mojl llhijirtous, 
 as Cedri?ius writes, continued a Virgin. The Ti- 
 tle of the Mojl Illujirious, is difcovered by an an- 
 tient Infcription to have been firll: given to Vale- 
 riatnis the Younger^ about the Year of our Lord 
 260. Afterwards it was given to Seve?^ifius, and 
 Maximimis Cafar, and at Length it was afcribed 
 to Ladies of the higheft Birth. This fometimes 
 entitled them to a Share in the Government i for 
 whofoever was dignified with this Character, was 
 
 allowed 
 
the Wards oftheGly, 7 
 
 allowed to wear a Purple Habir, laced round with 
 Gold, and took Place of the P/-(^fcBi, (the May- 
 ors or Chief Magiftrates of tb.c City) as Zofmus 
 obferves, who will have it, that this Honour was 
 iirfh inftituted by Conjiantine\ tho' 'tis very evi- 
 dent, that this Dignity was conferred long before 
 his Time. 
 
 T^he Bag7uos of Arcadius ] They were fo 
 called, becaufe they were built by him, as Pro- 
 copim writes in his i ft Or^/. concerning the Build- 
 ings of Jufl-hiian. As you fail, fays he, out of 
 the Fropontis, to the Eaftern Coaft, you fee 
 a Publick Bagnio , call'd the Arcadian Bagnio^ 
 which is a great Ornament to the City. In this 
 Place yujiinian built a Court, which lies before 
 the City, fo near to the Sea, that they who walk 
 upon the Shore, may hold a Difcourfe with any 
 of the Ships Crew, as they fail by them. The 
 Account I fhall give of the Curiofities of this 
 Court, is as follows. The Court it felf is a very 
 beautiful Building,, and is fann'd with gentle 
 Breezes. 'Tis paved with delicate Marble, and 
 adorned with ftately Pillars, which afford a de- 
 ledable Profped:, even to a Brightnefs, which 
 feems to rival a Meridian Sun-fliine. There are 
 alfo many other Curiofities which adorn this 
 Court, fome of which are Pieces of mofc elegant 
 Workmanfhip, both in Brais and Stone. Thus 
 far Procopius. The Bagjiio's here mentioned are 
 probably the fame with thofe which are called 
 the Xerolophus, which Cedrifiiis tells us were builc 
 hy Arcadius. The Xerolopbus, fays he, was built 
 by Arcadius, the Pillars of which are all like that 
 Pillar, which P'heodofius erected in the Taurus. So- 
 crates in his Seve?2thBQdki Chap, i. attefts, that this 
 
 a 4 Euiid- 
 
8 ^Description^/ 
 
 Building ftood in the Foriun of Arcadius, For 
 fpeaking of one Sabbatiiis a Heretick, he fays, 
 that the People rais'd a Tax to oppofe SefoTinicus 
 their Bifliop, in a Place of the City which is cal- 
 led 'Ev^cKo(p^, in the Forum of Arcadius, Thus 
 Socrates. This was certainly a Building which 
 confifted of feveral Apartments, which induces 
 me to believe it was the BagJiio's here mentioned. 
 For Nicephorus Gregoras, in his Seventh Book, Chap. 
 I. writes, That Athanafius, Patriarch of Ccnjlan- 
 tinople, refided fome Time in the Apartments of 
 the Xerolophus. The Word Xerolophus, fays Suidas, 
 fignifies a Dry UfiBion, and the Place was called 
 fo, becaufe, when any Body was anointed there, 
 they never ufed to bath, and adds ; That this Place 
 was formerly famous for Oracles, and that anfwers 
 were given to Enquiries there made, from a T'ri- 
 pos. There were alfo in the fame Place fixteen 
 private Apartments, with Winding-Stairs. I have 
 feen it in an antient Greek Author, that there 
 were here twelve Buildings with Winding-Stairs, 
 as alfo the Columns of Diana^ Scverus, Marci- 
 anus, and the Statues of Valentinian, and T^heodo- 
 Jius the Lefs. 'Jitfthiian alfo quotes an Infcripti- 
 on there, taken out of the Fifth Book o1Xenophon\ 
 Anabafis. Zonaras alfo writes, that when Leo 
 IJaurus was Emperor of Confiantinople, the Sta- 
 tue of Arcadius, placed upon a Pillar in the Xe- 
 rolophus^ was thrown down by an Earthquake. 
 The Baginds here mentioned were called Publick, 
 or Imperial Bagnio s ; whereas thofe which were 
 built by private Perfons were called T^hertncc, or 
 Baths, 
 
 A Bun- 
 
the Wards of the Gty. 9 
 
 A Hundred and eight ee?i Hou/es.] I take the 
 Word Hoiifes in this Place, to fignifie the Dwell- 
 ing Houfes of fome of the principal Men of the 
 City, as the Great Mens Houfes at Rome were di- 
 llinguillied by ftanding by themfelves, and ha- - 
 ving no other Houfes adjoining to them. 
 
 iwo Portico's of a great Length?^ Thefe For- 
 iicds^ as at prefent, were not joined to Houfes, 
 fo as to feem a Part of them, but were built fe- 
 parate from them, contrived for the Pieafure of 
 "Walking, and refrefhing the Mind. Hence it i«, 
 that Strabo^ Lib. V. de Geogra. where he is de- 
 fcribing the Parts of Ro??2e, calls the Portico of 
 Livia the Tn^iTrctrov, or Walk. Pliny is of the 
 fame Opinion in his Fourth Book, Chap. 1. Strabo 
 tells us in another Place, that the Cumaiii oi Mo- 
 lis borrowed Money to build a Portico^ and that 
 when they failed, as to the Time of Payment^ 
 the Perfon, v/ho gave them Credit, laid them un- 
 der a Prohibition not to walk in it, but only v/hen 
 it rained ; and when the Cryer called aloud to them 
 to enter the Portico, it paffed into a Proverb, 7'hat 
 the Cumani dared not to enter their Portico with- 
 out the Leave of the Cryer. Thefe are the fame 
 Kind of Portico's which Ulpian means, where he 
 mentions the Portico's, which had no Houfes ad- 
 joining to them. T'acitus, Lib. XV. fpeaking of 
 the Burning of Ro?}ie by N^ro, takes Notice of 
 thefe Ambulatory Portico's, when he tells us, that 
 the Portico's which were dedicated to Pieafure, 
 were moft of them deftroyed by Fire. There 
 was a Portico of this Sort at Athens, Part of 
 which, as Pliny records. Lib. XXXV. Cap. 3. 
 was painted by Mycc, who was paid for it j . and 
 
 the 
 
lO y^ DesC RIPTION (?/ 
 
 the other Part was finiflied gratis by Polygnofus, 
 an eminent Painter. It was for this Reafon, that 
 'twas call'd Porticus varia, or Troncix-^. This is 
 the fame Portico in which Ze^io taught, and for 
 which he was called the Father of the Stoicks. 
 Suidas fays, that it was cuftomary to adorn fuch 
 Portico's with Silver and Marble Statues, as ap- 
 pears by a Will mentioned by Marcellus^ which 
 runs thus, My Will and Pleajurc is, that my 
 Heir^ at his oison Expence, build in my native Couti- 
 trey a Publick Portico, in ivhich^ I dejire my Sil- 
 ver and Marble Statues may be repojited. I be- 
 lieve my Author underftands in this Claufe of the 
 Will, the fame Kind of Porticos with thofe I 
 now comment upon, which were of fo conlide- 
 rable a Length, that they reached from tlie Im- 
 perial Palace, to the Forum of Conjiaiitine. For 
 Procopius writes, in his Pirfi Orat. de Mdif. Ju- 
 Jiin. That in the Reign of Jujlinian, the Church 
 of St. Sophia^ and both the long Portico s^ ftretch- 
 ing themfelves as far as the Forum of Conjlantine^ 
 were burnt down. The fame Faft is teftified by 
 Cedri?ius^ who fays, that both thefe Portico' svjcvq^ 
 confumed by Fire, in the Reign of Bafdifcus, al- 
 tho' after thefe Cafualities, they were always re- 
 built. I would obferve, that every Ward at Co?i- 
 Jlajitinople had in it fome Porticos^ though fomc 
 Wards at Pome had none. 
 
 Four Gradus.] The Word, which is here cal- 
 led Gradus, fignifies a Tribunal, which was afcen- 
 ded by Marble Steps, to receive the Bread which 
 was to be diilributed among the common People, 
 and which, was therefore called, Pa?2is Gradilis. 
 Falenti?uan tells us, that the carrying the Pa?jis 
 
 Gradilis 
 
the Wards of the Chy» 1 1 
 
 Gradilis from one Tribunal to another, is ll:ri(ftly 
 forbidden. He alfo commands in Cod. T^heod. that 
 every one receive the Fanis Gradilis from the 
 Tribunal. From which PaiTages it is plain, that 
 this Gradus was a famous Tribunal, from whence 
 they ufed to diftribute Bread. For Co7ifiantine^ 
 as Metaphrajles writes, bellowed every Day upon 
 the Poor, eighty Thoufand Loaves. Socrates^ 
 Lib. 11. Cap. 13. fays expreily, that he gave Dai- 
 ly eighty Thoufand Bulhels of Corn to the Poor; 
 belides, as Suidas adds, Wine, andFlefli, and Oil. 
 Thefe were therefore Gradus, or Tribunals, erec- 
 ted in this Ward for that Purpofe. 
 
 It was gover?ied by one Curator, who had ujider 
 his Charge the whole Ward.] The Curators (who 
 feem fo me thing like our Aldermen) were firll: in- 
 ftituted by Augujtus, and by Suetonius, Cap. XXX. 
 are called Magiftratus. He divided, fays he, 
 meaning Augufius^ the City into Streets and 
 Wards, and commanded that the Wards fliould 
 be governed by a Magiftrate, chofen by Lot year- 
 ly, and that the Streets fhould be governed by a 
 Mailer eleded out of the common People. Af- 
 terwards, in the Room of thefe, Alexander Au- 
 guflus appointed fourteen Curators. La?}ipridius 
 tells us, that Ro7?ie chofe fourteen Curators, out 
 of the moft eminent Citizens, and obliged them 
 to affift the PrefeSl of the City, fo that all, or moft 
 of them attended, when any Thing was tranfadted 
 for the good of the Publick, It was a principal 
 Part of their Bufinefs to decide Caufes, and to take 
 Care of Orphans, and the Poor. 
 
 'There was alfo one Vernaculus who was Meffen-^ 
 ger of the Ward, he cifffied the Curator, and was 
 
 entirely 
 
II ^Description ^Z' 
 
 entirely at his Com man J.] The Bulinefs of this 
 Officer was to be flibfervient to the Ci/rator, and 
 give Notice to, and fummon the Citizens to meet 
 in all Matters, which more immediately related 
 to the Ward. Their Office was the fame, men- 
 tioned by S. RiifuSj and P. ViBor^ who give them 
 at Old Ro?ne^ the Name of Dmunciatores. Two 
 of which were appointed to affiil in every 
 Ward. 
 
 . It had alfo twc?ity Jive Collegiati, chofen out of 
 the fever al Bodies of T'radcfmen, ivhofe Bufmefs if 
 was, to direSl and ajjijl in Cafes of Fire.] At 
 Rome the PrafeBusVigilum commanded in Chief 
 the feven Companies of Freemen appointed for a 
 conftant Watch to the City. This Office was infti- 
 tuted by Augifus^ who placed a fmgle Company 
 over two Wards, as is obferved by Suetonius, and 
 Dion. Lib. LV. and by Paullus, Lib. de Off,, prc^. 
 Vigil. Thefe Men were chofen out of the feve- 
 ral Bodies of the Tradefmen, whofe Bufinefs was 
 the lame with thofe at Ro?ne; and were calledt 
 Collegiati. The Number of them was always 
 flated, and unalterable^ fo that when one of them 
 died, the PrefeB of the City filled up the Va- 
 cancy with one of his own Body. Honorius and 
 I'heodoftus, in their Letters Maiidatory to /Eftiu^ 
 PreJeB of the City, will and command, "that the 
 Nu?nber of five hundred fixty three be the ftanding 
 Number of them, and that no Perfon prefume by 
 any Authority whatjoever, to alter that Number; 
 fo that It jhall be laivful to you only, in the Pre- 
 fence of lioe Body Corporate, when any Perfon is de- 
 ceafed, or 'otherways removed, to eleB, a?id nomi- 
 nate one tofucceedhim out of the fame Body Corpo- 
 rate 
 
the Wards of the City. i 3 
 
 rate of which he "o^'^^s ^ Member: Thefe Collegia- 
 ti are chofen put of thirty five Corporations of 
 Tradefmen, which are particularly ipecified in a 
 Letter fent by Conjlantine to Maximus^ and are 
 difcharged upon their Eledion from all other Of- 
 fices whatfoever. In this firft Ward, there were 
 only twenty five of them, in others more or lefs, 
 who made up the Number a Hundred and fixty, 
 or a Hundred and fixty three. To complete the 
 Number of which, as appears from the firfl Book 
 of Zeno de Collegiat. Thirty i^vtn or forty, are 
 wanting in the laft Ward. The Word Collegiati, 
 in other Places, fometimes fignifies the Deacons 
 who buried the Dead ; and fometimes it is taken 
 for Freemen^ as in Lib. XLI. Co. Theod. de Op. 
 Pub. 
 
 'T'here were alfojive Vico-Magiftri, whofe Buji- 
 nefs it was to watch the City by Night.] Thefe 
 were originally inftituted by Augiiftus. Suetonius, 
 in the Life of Auguftus, Chap. XXX. writes, that 
 the City was divided into Streets and Wards, and 
 adds, that Augujius commanded, that the Magi- 
 ftrates of the Wards fhould be annually chofen by 
 Lot. The Streets were governed by the Vico- 
 Magijiri, who were ele(fted out of the Commons, 
 in the Neighbourhood of the Streets, over which 
 they prefided 3 fo that as thofe who governed the 
 Wards were called Curatores, fo they who go- 
 verned the Streets were called Vico-Magijiri. 'Tis 
 very probable, that thefe Magiflrates had fome 
 Soldiers under their Command to prevent Rob- 
 beries, and other Outrages committed in the 
 Night, as Old Rome had its Vigils, or Watchmen, 
 who were all Soldiers. There were two^ three, 
 
 or 
 
14 ^Description of 
 
 or four Vico-Magifirl appointed over every Street 
 2itRQme: At Conjiantinople eveiy Ward had but 
 five, fo that the whole Number of them is Seven- 
 ty; although my Author in his Summary View 
 of the City ^ which follows hereafter, reckons 
 no more than fixty five. 
 
 The Second Pfard, 
 
 THE fecond Ward, after an eafy, and aU 
 mofi imperceptible Afcent above its Level 
 from the lefer T^heatre^ falls with a deep Preci- 
 pice down to the Sea. 'This Ward contains in it, floe 
 Great Church of St. Sophia ; the Old Church j the 
 Senate-Houfe; a Tribunal with Porphyry Steps-, 
 //'^ Bagnio's o/'Zeuxippus; a Theatre-, an Am- 
 phitheatre-, thirty four Streets -, ninety eight large 
 Houfes ; four great Portico's ; thirteen private 
 Baths J four private Mills^ and four Gradus. It 
 has alfo one Curator, ^one Vernaculus, thirty five 
 Collegiati, and five Vico-Magiflri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The great Church of St. Sophia.] This Church, 
 fome fay, was built by Conftantifie, others by Co?!- 
 fiantius. It was afterwards burnt down, and re- 
 built by fifiinian, and was then look'd upon as 
 the fineft and moft beautiful Church in the whole 
 World. Periatider, and others, whole Works are 
 ftill extant, have defcribed at large the Delicacy 
 and Magnificence of this wonderful Piece of Ar- 
 
 chited:ure. 
 
the Wards of the Gty. i 5 
 
 chitedure. Evagrms writes, that this Church 
 meafured in Length a Hundred and ninety Foot, 
 in Breadth a Hundred and fifteen ; and that from 
 the Pavement to the Top of the Cupola^ it was 
 an Hundred and eighty Foot high. 
 
 T^he Old Church^ I fuppofe the Author here 
 means one of thofe Churches which were built by 
 Conflantine, fome of which are mentioned by Fro- 
 copiiis, in Lib. de JEdif. Jiijiinian. 
 
 The Senate-Houje.] In this Place they held 
 their Senate, which, qs Sozome/i CifiivmSj was built 
 by Cotijiantine the Grcat^ where he commanded 
 the fame yearly Solemnity to be celebrated on the 
 Calends of Jan, as was done at Rome. It was 
 burnt down, upon a Sedition occafioned by an 
 Attempt to banifh St. Chryfofiom out of the City, 
 and was rebuilt, as Procopius tells us, with great- 
 er Splendor. 
 
 A T'ribimal uHth Porphyry Steps^ This Tri- 
 bunal was made of Porphyry Marble, which 
 Word in Latin, fignifies Purple, becaufe Porphy- 
 ry Marble is of a Purple Colour. 
 
 I'he Bagnio's of Zeuxippus.] Thefe Bagnio's 
 were famous for a Portico, which run round the 
 Houfes and Shops adjoining to them. There 
 was a yearly Revenue afligned for lighting the 
 Lamps of this Bagnio, and repairing them. T'he- 
 odojius in Lib. de Op. Pub. writes thus; Becaufe 
 there are many Houfes and Shops adjoining the Por- 
 tico's o/' Zeuxippus, njDe will and command, that 
 the yearly Income of the faid Hoifes and Shops, 
 without any Pretence or Excufe to the contrary, 
 be paid into our Imperial Bagnio, for pur chafing 
 Lights, and for the Repairs of the faid Bagnio's, 
 
 This 
 
J 6 yfDESCRIPTION^/ 
 
 This Paffage is part of a Letter which he wrote 
 to SeverinuSy Frefe5i of the City, (not Prcetor) 
 as it ftands in the Codex 'T'heodof. de Op. Pub, 
 Thefe Bagnio's formerly flood near the Imperial 
 Palace, and were afterwards called the Bagnio s 
 of the Numeric as Nicephorus writes, Lib. IX. 
 Cap. g. Sozomen and Socrates take Notice of the 
 fame Bagnio's. I believe they were firft built by 
 ZeuxippiiSy who perfecuted the Chrijiians at By- 
 za?itiuni, much about the Time of Nero j and 
 who among other of his Severities, forced St. An- 
 drew to fly to Argyropolis. If I miflake not, he 
 was at that Time Lieutenant of Macedonia and 
 Thrace. Thefe Bagnio's were enlarged and beau- 
 tified by Severus the Emperor, for which Reafon 
 they were afterwards called the Bagnio's of Seve- 
 rus. After this they were called Balnea Nume- 
 rorum^ becaufe great Numbers of Soldiers ufe to 
 bath there. ZofimuSy in his fecond Book writes, 
 that thefe Bagnio's formerly flood in a Peninjula. 
 In antient Times, fays he, Conjlantinople had a 
 Port at the End of the Bagnio's^ which were built 
 by Severus the Emperor, when he was reconciled 
 to the Byzantia?u^ for opening the Gates of the 
 City to Niger^ his Enemy. Suidas fays, that a 
 Poet named Chrijiidorus^ celebrated the Statues and 
 Images of Zeuxippus in Verfe, among which h? 
 is very particular in the Praifes of the Statue of 
 Hejiod. Procopius, in his Firft Book, de Mdif. 
 yujiifiia?!. tells us, that thefe Bagnio's were re- 
 built by yujiijzian^ but were called the Zeuxip- 
 pmn^ becaufe in this Place they ufed to run their 
 Horfes in Pairs, as the Word Zeuxippus fignifies 
 in the Greek St. Gregory lS[azianzeji takes No- 
 
 i tice 
 
the Wards of the City, 1 7 
 
 tice of them in his Oration to the Avians, and in 
 another which he made concertiing himfelf. I 
 ani not, fays he, taking a Journey to a new Jeru- 
 falem, that is to the Zeuxippum-, for that Place ^yas 
 Jaid in Afhes in the Reign of 'Jufiinian. The 
 Bagnio's of Severus, as Cedrifius relates, which 
 were call'd the Zeuxippuniy were confumed by 
 Fire. In this Place was a very delightful Vari- 
 ety of Profpedts. All the ingenious Contrivances 
 of Art were here expreffed in Marble and Stone, 
 and the moil elaborate Workmanfhip of Antiqui- 
 ty. In fliort, the Defigns here were fo match- 
 lefs and inimitable, that they feemed to want no- 
 thing but a Soul to animate, and inform them. 
 Among other furprizing Pieces of antient Skill, 
 was the Statue of old Homer. The Figure was 
 finifhed very naturally, and in his Looks might be 
 oblerved a great Thoughtfulnefs, with a Mixture 
 of much Unealinefs and Trouble. This Place 
 was alfo beautified with brazen Pillars, which had 
 been here fet up in Honour of thofe great Per- 
 fonages, who had been renowned for their Learn- 
 ing or Virtue, through the whole World. 
 
 An Amphitheatre?^ This ftands near the Sea 
 Shore. You muft pafs by it, as you go to the Im- 
 perial Palace, and the Port of 'Julian, between 
 which Places there were formerly Lime Kilns, 
 which W'ere commanded to be filled up by TZ'^- 
 odojius the Lefs, as the Reader may fee in Lib, 
 idt. Cod. 1'heod. We will and command, fays he, 
 that all Lime-kilns, fianding on an'j Ground, be- 
 tween the Sea Shore, the Amphitheatre, and th^ 
 Fort of St. Julian, be entirely demolified, for the 
 Betieft and Health of our ?noJi great and magnlfi- 
 
 b cent 
 
1 8 y^ Description of 
 
 cent City, and by Reafon of the Nearnefs they 
 jiand to our Imperial Palace -y and ive do hereby 
 prohibit all Perfojis whatfoever for the future^ to 
 buYu any Lime in thofe Places. 
 
 The Third H'ard. 
 
 THE third Wavdy at the Ejttrance of it, is a 
 Level Groiindy andftands, in Part, where the 
 Circus is built % but defcefids, at the End ofit, with 
 a very great Declivity down to the Sea, and contains, 
 /Z'^y^w^ Circus Maximus J the Hotfe o/'Pulcheria 
 Augufta; the new Port-, a Portico of a Semi-cir^ 
 cular Figure y made after the LikeneJ's of the Greek 
 Letter Sigma, which was formerly wrote thus, C> 
 the T^ribunal of the Forum of Conflantine ; feven 
 Streets; niftety four great Houfes-y Jive large Por- 
 tico's ; eleven private Bagnio's ; and ni?ie private 
 Mills. It had o?ieCuT2iX.ov, o?z£'Vernaculus, twen- 
 ty one CoUegiati, and five Vico-Magiftri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 'The Hotfe o/'Pulcheria Augufta.] This Lady 
 was the Sifter of 'Theodofius the Lefs, who con- 
 tinued for fome Time unmarried. When her 
 Brother was dead, ftie married Martian, and made 
 him Emperor. Zonaras, Cedrinus, Zofimus, Nt- 
 cephorus, and other Hiftorians have mentioned 
 many Things of her. She had alfo another Houfe 
 in the eleventh Ward, 
 
 The 
 
the Wards of the City, ip 
 
 ^he New Port.] This probably is the famfe 
 Port that was built by Julian the Apoftate. 
 There was another Port in the fixth ^<:?r^ called 
 Portiis Neorius^ becaufe there was a Dock there 
 for building Ships. 
 
 A Portico of a Semi-circular Figure^ The 
 Greek Letter 2^, as 'tis now wrote, was formerly 
 wrote C. Zonaras and Cedriniis often take No- 
 tice of this Portico. 
 
 The Fourth Ward, 
 
 THE fourth Ward extends itfelf in a long 
 Vale^ the Hills rifing on the Right and 
 Left from the Miliarium Aureum through a Valcy 
 to a plai?i level Ground. It contains^ the Miliari- 
 um x4ureum; ^^f Augufteum; <3Barilicaj ^Nym- 
 pheum y the Portico of Phanio ; a Marble Galley, 
 the Monument of a naval ViSiory, the Church of 
 St. Menna; a Stadium; T'he Stairs ofTimsiCim; 
 thirty two Streets ; three hundred and feventy five 
 great Houfes ; four large Portico's j feven private 
 Baths ; five private Mills', and feven Gradus. It 
 is prefided by one Curator, affified by one Vernacu- 
 lus, forty Collegiati, and five Vico-Magiftri. 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 T7j? Miliarium Aureum.] Ccdrinus, fpeaking 
 of the Miliarium Aureufn, writes thus : Under 
 the Roof of the Miliarium Aureian were placed 
 the Statues of Confianti?ie the Great, and his Mo- 
 
 b 2 iher. 
 
20 A Description of 
 
 ther, with a Crdfs between them. Behind him 
 ftands T'raja?!^ and near his Mother is the Statue 
 of JElius Hadrianiis on Horfeback. There is a 
 Clock here, which was fet up by yujiinian. 
 There was alio a Miliariwn Aureum at Rome, 
 ere6ted in the Forum by Augujitis, from whence 
 they ufed to adjuft the Diilances of Places, and 
 the Menfuration of Miles, all the Roads of Italy 
 meeting at the Foot of it, as 'tis obferved by Plu- 
 tarch^ Dion, P. ViBor, and others. Yet Mmi- 
 lius Macer is of another Opinion. A Mile, fays 
 he, is not to be computed from the Miliarium, 
 but from the Houfes, upon the Skirts of the City, 
 to the Place to which you meafure. As then 
 there was a Miliarium Aureum at Kofne, fo there 
 was at Conjiantifiople, which imitated Old Rome 
 as near as it could j tho' at Rome it was built in 
 the Figure of a Pillar, at Conjiantinople it was an- 
 other kind of Building, as is evident from what is 
 above-mentioned by Cedrinus, and is alfo attefted 
 by Suidas, who writes, that under the Roof of the 
 Miliarium, flood the Crofs, the Figures of Con- 
 Jlantine and Helena, the Image of Fortune, and 
 many other Statues. He calls it not the Miliari- 
 wn, but the Milium. 
 
 ihe Augufteum.] This was a large Pillar of 
 Brafs, eredied by Jujlinian, as Cedrinus relates, 
 who tells us, that in the fifteenth Year of the 
 Reign of Jujlinian, was liniilied the great brazen 
 Pillar, which is called the Augujleum. Upon it 
 was placed the Statue of 'Jujli?iian on Horfeback, 
 holding in his Right Hand an Apple, in Imitati- 
 on of a Globe, to lignify that the whole World 
 was fubjed: to his Government. He fat with his 
 
 Right 
 
the Wards of the City, 1 1 
 
 Right Hand ftretched out, pointing to the Perji- 
 n?is to ftand off, and not to approach his Domi-r 
 ens. All the Coverings of the PalTage of Entrance 
 into the Imperial Palace, were made of gilded 
 Brafs. This is ilill called the Brazen Paffage, as 
 the Pillar is call'd the Augiifteum. Procopms 
 fpeaks largely of it in his Oration de Mdif. Ju- 
 jHn. where he writes, that not the Pillar, but the 
 Place where the Pillar flood, was called the Au- 
 gujieiim, as it was alfo the Macellum. The prin- 
 cipal Pillar, fays he, is to be admired for its Size, 
 yet is it no regular and uniform Strufture, but 
 made of Stones of a vafl Compafs. The Pede- 
 ftal and Top of it is covered with the moil re- 
 fined Brafs, which by cramping its Stones toge- 
 ther, does at the fame Time both flrengthen and 
 adorn it. The Brafs, as to its Luftre, is not 
 much inferior to pure Gold, and at leaft of equal 
 Worth and Beauty with the fineft Silver. At the 
 Top of this Pillar was placed a very large Horfe 
 caft in Brafs, facing the Eaft, wonderful in his 
 Kind, in a walking Poflure, with his Head bend- 
 ing downwards, lifting up his near Fore-Foot, as 
 though he would paw the Ground. His Off- 
 Foot is fixed to the Pedeflal, on which he flands ; 
 and his Hind-Feet are fo clofely contra6ted, as if 
 he was rifing upon his Speed. Upon him iifs the 
 Statue of the Em.peror in Brafs, whom they call 
 Achilles^ becaufe he is fomewhat like him He 
 has no Boots, but his Feet are bound round v/ith 
 a kind of Sandals. He is armed with a radiant 
 Breafl-plate and Head-piece, and' looks, yoii 
 would fancy, as if he were marching, in a war- 
 like Pofture, againil the Perfmns, In his left 
 
 b 3 Hand 
 
21 -^Description of 
 
 Hand he bears a Globe, by which 'tis fignified, 
 that the Earth and the Sea is fubjedl to his Power. 
 He is not equipped either with Sword nor Spear. 
 There's a Crofs fixed upon the Globe, intlma- , 
 ting, that under its aufpicious Influence, he arri- 
 ved to the Imperial Dignity; and that all Suc- 
 cefs in War is to be attributed to the Omnipo- 
 tency of the Saviour of Mankind. His Right 
 Hand, which is open, is ftretched Eaflward, and 
 feems to forbid the barbarous Nations to approacii 
 his Territories. Below this Place, ftands the 
 Forum called Augujhim. This Forum ftands be- 
 fore the Imperial Palace ; 'tis furrounded with 
 Pillars, and the Inhabitants call it Auguflum, 
 Eaflward from hence ftands the Curia, or Pra- 
 ter ium, which was built by 'Jufiinian, where the 
 old Roma?is, in the Beginning of the new Year 
 ufed, as Suidas obferves, to perform a folemn Fe- 
 flival. Fhavo7'inm relates, that the Flefh-Mar- 
 ket was the fame with the Augujleum, It was fo 
 called, fays Suidas, becaufe the Curatores, and 
 Senajiophori of the Wards, ufed every Year, on 
 the Ides of October, to dance in Honour of Au^ 
 guflus, or becaufe the Statues of Conjlantine, and 
 Helejia his Mother, were eredled there. 
 
 ^Bafilica] This was one of the moft magni- 
 ficent Bafilica's in the World, which Cedrinus 
 takes Notice of, when he tells us, that a Fire be- 
 gan at the Middle of the Chalcopratia, which con- 
 fumed both the Porticos before mentioned, all the 
 neighbouring Buildings, and the Bafilica, which 
 contained a Colledion of a Hundred and twenty 
 Thoufand Books. There was a Curiofity very 
 particular in this Library, which was the Gut of 
 
 a Dra- 
 
the Wa kds of the Ckyl 1 3 
 
 a Dragon , on which were infcribed in Golden 
 Characters, the Ilia/^s and OdyJJes of Horner^ with 
 the Hijlory of the Atchievements of other Heroes, 
 The Roof of this Bafdlca was fupported with ma- 
 ny Ranges of Pillars, as we fee at prefent in ibme 
 Churches, which are many of them built after 
 the fame Manner with the Bafilicas. One of 
 thefe Bafilicas is defcribed by Virgil^ in his fe* 
 venth JEneid. 
 
 A (lately Palace i?i the City's Height, 
 Subli)}ie upon a hundred Pillars Jlood, 
 With gloo'/ny Groves^ religioiijly objaire, 
 Laurentian Picus' Palace -, where the Kings ^ 
 T^ he fir ft Inauguration of their Sway^ 
 'The Sceptres^ and the regal Fafces took. 
 
 Trapp's Virg. 
 
 In thefe Bafilica's they ufed to plead, and admit 
 to Audience publick AmbafTadors; and, indeed, 
 moil of the publick Affairs were tranfadled here. 
 This I am fpeaking of was finely gilded, and 
 made of a delicate Marble. 'Theodofms^ in his 
 Letters Mandatory to Cyrus, PrefeSi of the City, 
 means this Bqfilica, in the following Words: JVe 
 will and co??ijnandy that the Balilica^/7/ with Goldy 
 and finning with Marble^ he no Ways fioaded or 
 darkened with Statues, or PiSlures placed before it. 
 I believe Zonaras underftands the fame Building 
 in his Leo Magnus, where he fays, that the Build- 
 ing called the Domus Maxima, in which the Se- 
 nate, and fome of the principal Citizens met to 
 deliberate upon publick Affairs, was burnt down ; 
 nay, that the Emperor himfelf came thither in 
 folemn Pomp, when he entered upon his Confular 
 
 b 4 Dignity 
 
24 ^Description ^/ 
 
 Dignity. It was a Work of furprifing Beauty and 
 Splendor. 'Jiifiinian tells us in his 8 1 ft Novell 
 that the inferior Judges ufed to fit there in fmalj 
 Apartments. Siiidas writes, that this BafiUca 
 ftood behind the Miliarium^ and that there was 
 placed in it, amidft feveral others, a golden Sta- 
 tue. Among other Curiofities here, there is an 
 Elephant, caft at the Expence of Severus, on the 
 Account of a certain Banker, who killed his 
 Keeper, and gave his Body to be devoured by a 
 wild Beaft; which the Elephant feeing, in a Rage 
 flew the Banker. Secerns, to preferve the Me- 
 mory of the Fad:, ordered the Elephant and his 
 Keeper to be caft in Brafs, and both the Figures, 
 in the Confuliliip of "Julian^ were carried to Cc;2- 
 ftantiftople^ and placed in the Bafilica. 
 
 A Nympheum,] This, as Zonaras and Cedri- 
 nils tell us, was a fpacious Building, in which they 
 ufed to celebrate Marriage, when they had not 
 Houfes large enough for that Purpole. Suidas 
 mentions, that in the Forum of this Ward, there 
 was a Spring continually running, which filled 
 the Bagfiio of the Nympheum. Theodojius, in an- 
 other Letter to Cyrus above-mentioned , writes 
 thus. / command you^ by Virtue of your prefeSlo- 
 rial Authority, to appoint, as you jld all judge conve- 
 nient, 'what Share of Water be allotted to our Im^ 
 ferial Bagnio's, a?2d what ^antity may befujfici^ 
 ent for the Bagnio's of the Nympheum. 
 
 ne Portico of Phanio.] Szddas tells us, that 
 Phanio is a Place where they carried the Filth of 
 the City. This, probably, is the fame Portico, 
 which the Emperor Zeno tells us, reached from 
 the Miliarium, as far as the Capitol, and is fup- 
 
 ported 
 
the Wards of the City, i j 
 
 ported with four Ranges of Pillars, between which 
 he allows, in his Cod. de Priv. Mdif. a Privilege 
 to build little Shops. 
 
 A Marble Galley^ This was fet up in Memory 
 of a Vidory, which Zojinius, in his fifth Book tells 
 us, Trajiitus, Admiral of Arcadim's Fleet, ob- 
 tain'd over Gai7ia, near Cherjhiefus. 
 
 The Church of St. Menna,] This Perfbn was an 
 JEgyptian Soldier, who fuffer'd Martyrdom under 
 Dioclefian, in Phrygia: This Church was bulk 
 by Confiantine, who, as En/ebius reports in his 
 Life, Book III. Chap. 4. built alfo other Churches 
 in honour of the Martvrs. 
 
 A Stadium.] This was a fquare yfrt"^, defign'd, 
 as Siiidas obferves, for Martial Exercifes. The 
 Grecians generally made them two hundred Foot 
 long, and fometimes more. This A.rea was fur- 
 rounded with a Portico, and Pillars. The Gre- 
 ciaris ufed them fometimes in Merriment, and 
 Dancing, and fometimes in more manly Diver- 
 fions, as Wreftling, fighting at Gauntlets, ^c. The 
 Portico, on the South Side of it, was double 
 Wall'd, to fecure it from the Violence of the Nor- 
 thern Storms. In the Stadium, fi:ood an Pphe- 
 bemn, with Seats all round it, where they held 
 publick Difputations in Philofophy, and where 
 Youth was train'd up in Literature, and Science. 
 In ancient Times, when Books were fcarce, they 
 ufed to improve themfelves by Difpute, and Ar- 
 gumentation. On each Side of the Ephebeirm, 
 there were Bagnios, in which the Combatants 
 anomted themfelves, before they enter'd the Lifts. 
 The Staditm fac'd the Sea, as Prdcapiiis obferves 
 
 in 
 
2(J A Description of 
 
 ill his Book de Mdif. Jujiin, In a Place, fays he, 
 near the Sea, at prefent call'd the Stadiwn^ (a 
 Place formerly appropriated to Games, and Mar^ 
 tial Exercifes) Jujlinian^ and his Confort T^heo- 
 dora^ built fome large Hofpitals. 
 
 T^he Stairs of Timafius.] Thefe were three 
 Steps, at the Foot of a Hill, leading down to the 
 Sea, which were built by ^i?nafius. 'Tis very 
 probable, that they were made of Marble, and 
 were fomething remarkable, becaufe my Author 
 takes Notice of them. There was Cuftom paid 
 at thefe Stairs, for the Repairs of the City Aque- 
 diici'y as appears from the Cod. I'heod. Aquceduc, 
 We will^ fays he, that all the O^JiomSj which are, 
 or may be collccied at the Stairs of this our City of 
 Conftantinople, be expended in the Repairs of the 
 common Aque-du5i. I am of Opinion, that this 
 Cuftom was payable by fuch Ships as unladed their 
 Freight there. 'Juftinian in his 159'^'' A^oW rakes 
 notice of a Claufe in the Codicil of the Will of 
 Hierius, where he bequeaths to his Kinfman Hie- 
 rius the Suburbs Coparium, with all the Stairs 
 thereunto belonging. Cedrinus writes, That in 
 the Reign of Copronymus the Emperor, the Sea 
 was froze by the Severity of the Weather, and 
 that upon a fudden Thaw, a large Cake of Ice 
 bore againft, and demolifh'd the Stairs of the Im- 
 perial Palace at Conftantiiiople. T^imafius , who 
 built thefe Stairs, was General of the Infantry to 
 *Theodofus the Great, and was train'd up in the 
 Art of War from the Time of Valens the Empe- 
 ror. At laft being falfely, and injurioufly accufcd 
 by Eutropius, the Chamberlain of Arcadius, he 
 
 was 
 
the Wards of the City, 27 
 
 was banifti'd into Oafis. Zojimus, fpeaking of him 
 in his fifth Book, fays, that he was the Father of 
 Syagrius, who was entitled Pater Patrice, 
 
 The Fifth IVard, 
 
 "^T^ HE fifth Ward, a great Part of it is full of 
 \ Wijidings, and 'Turnings, and is lengthen' d 
 by an adjoining Plain. There are ?na?iy ifefiil 
 Buildings in this Ward, iJohich contains the Bagnio's 
 of Honoriusj the Ciftern ^^Theodofius; the Pry- 
 taneum ; the Bagnio's i^Eudocia ; the Strategium, 
 in ivhichfiands the Forum 0/ Theodofius, and the 
 Thebean Obehfk; the Store-houfes for Oil-, a 
 Nympheum ; the Granaries ip/'Troas ; the Grana- 
 ries of Valens, a7id Conftantius : It C07itains alfo 
 //6f Profphorian Per/; the Stairs o/' Chalcedon ; 
 t'wenty three Streets-, a hundred a?id eighty four 
 great Houfes; feve?i largeVon\cos-y eleven private 
 Baths ; feven puhlick, and two private Mills ; ?iine 
 Gradus, a?id two Flefij-Maj'-kets : It had o?je Cum-- 
 tor, o;?^Vernaculus,y£?r/)'Collegiati, andfiveNiQO- 
 Magiflri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The Ciftern of Theodofius.] This Ciilern was 
 a fubterraneous Cavern, arched at top, which 
 was fupply'd, not with Spring, but with Rain 
 Water only. Petrus Gyllius in his Antiquities of 
 Coiiftantinople, tells us, that when he refided at 
 that City, he difcover'd a fubterraneous Ciftern 
 there; which he fliewed to the Proprietors of the 
 
 Land 
 
iS ^ Description c/ 
 
 Land where it was, who, before, were intlrely 
 ignorant of it. It was, fays he, 336 Foot in 
 length, 182 Foot broad, and 224 in compafs. 
 The Roof of it was fupported with Marble Pil-^ 
 lars, placed at twelve Foot diftance from each 
 other. Every Pillar was near nine Foot high. 
 They fland, lengthways, in twelve Ranges 3 broad- 
 ways, in twenty eight. In Winter-time, when 
 the Aque-duEi pours itfelf with more Violence in-^ 
 to it, it fills up to the Middle of the Capitals of 
 the Columns. It has fometimes Fifli in it, which- 
 the Maftcr, who overlooks it, fkiffing about in a 
 fmall Boat, kills with a Spear. 
 
 A Prytaneum.] There was at Athens a Tower 
 call'd the Frytaneiim^ where their Senators, and 
 wife Men met upon publick Affairs, and where 
 Perfons, who deferv'd well of the Common- 
 wealth, were maintain'd at the Publick Charge, 
 as 'tis obferv'd by Cicero^ Lib. primo de Or at. In 
 Conformity to Athem, there was alfo at Conjian- 
 tinople 3. fpacious Building, near the Imperial Ci- 
 ftern, where a Ferfon, eminent in Wifdom and 
 Learning, inflru^led twelve young Men in fuch 
 Arts and Sciences, as might qualify them to be 
 ferviceable to the Publick. Cedri?ius in his Hi- 
 ftory of Leo Ifaurus^ writes, that, near the Royal 
 Ciftern, there was a venerable Pyle of Building, 
 over which there prefided a Mailer, who had vin- 
 der him, according to ancient Cuftom, twelve 
 Scholars, of fober Life, and a good Share of Learn- 
 ing. Thefe, when they had run through the 
 whole Compafs of human Literature, apply'd 
 themfelves very diligently to the Study of Divinity, 
 and were had in fo high Eitimationj that the Em- 
 perors 
 
the Wards ef the Criy. 29 
 
 perors themfelves look'd upon it as an Injury to 
 their Character, to tranfad any thing of Impor- 
 tance, without their Advice. This Inftitution 
 was afterwards fupprefs'd by Leo. Zonaras is 
 more exprefs, and large upon this Occalion ; there 
 was, fays he, a Houfe in the Bafilica, near the 
 Forum JErarimn, large enough for a Palace, ia 
 which were repolited many ancient Manufcripts 
 of Human, and Divine Learning, and where a 
 fufficient Maintenance was allow'd for a Perfon 
 of diftinguifh'd Knowledge whom they call'd 
 the Oecumenical Dodlor. He had under him twelve 
 Fellows^ who lived at the publick Coft, and in- 
 truded fuch as defired to be their Pupils. The 
 Emperors alfo, concludes he, confulted them in 
 the moil arduous Affairs of State. But Leo the 
 Emperor, when he could not prevail with them 
 to declare themfelves the fame profefs'd Enemies 
 to Images, in Church- worfliip, with himfelf, de- 
 ftroy'd them, and their Library, in the Night by 
 Fire. As therefore it was cuftomary in other 
 Nations to maintain at the common Charge Per- 
 fons who might prove ufeful to the Publick, fo 
 was it here J and therefore, I conceive, that as 
 the Frytaneum at Conjlantinople took its Name 
 from that oiAtheyis^ fo was it originally inftituted 
 for Purpofes, much of the fame Nature. 
 
 T^he Bagnio's of Eudocia.] Thefe Bagnio's were 
 fo call'd, becaufe they were built by Eudocia, the 
 Wife of 'Theodofms the Lefs. Before £he was con- 
 verted to the Chriftian Faith, file was called y^/y^^- 
 7jais. Zo?iaras, Nicephorus, and others have wrote 
 much concerning her. She had fome Houfes in 
 the tenth Ward-., where I fhall fpeak more of her. 
 1 The 
 
JO -^Description^/ 
 
 'The Strateglum.] This, I look upon, to be the 
 Place,where the General's Troops liv'd, and pitch'd 
 their Tents. Here was the Foriiyn of Theodofms^ 
 and the Thebean Obelisk which was brought from 
 *Thebes in Mgypt to Confiantinople ^ and there 
 fquat'd. 
 
 The Granaries of Troas.] Thefe Granaries 
 contain'd the Corn, and other Commodities which 
 were brought from Troas \ as thofe Granaries 
 were call'd the Granaries ol Alexandria^ in which 
 the Corn was laid up, that was brought from Ale^ 
 icandria. Troas is a Countrey of Phrygia^ fituate 
 near the Hellejpont^ not far from Conjlantinople. 
 
 The Granary of Valens.] This was built by 
 Valens, It is probably the fame Granary, in which 
 was placed the Statue of Manaim^ who march'd 
 his Army againft the Scythians. There was kept 
 here a brazen Bulliel, which was the common 
 Standard, by which Corn was bought, and fold. 
 Valens commanded that twelve Bufhels of Wlieat 
 ihould be fold at the Price of an Aureus^ (in Rnglify 
 Coin 175. \d. ob. qua.) and commanded a Sailor's 
 Hand to be cut off, who had eluded the Force of 
 that Law by Tricks, and Evafions, and in Memory 
 of the Fad:, order'd a Brazen Hand to be hung 
 up in the Granary. 
 
 They had alfo at Conflantinople Store-houfes 
 where they repofited their Gold, and Silver, and 
 Jewels. For Paidus a Lawyer informs us, that 'twas 
 cuflomary to lay up in Store-houfes the moft va- 
 luable Part of their Eftates. hampridius alfo men- 
 tions fome Store-houfes built by Alexander^ where 
 private Perfons, who had no Conveniency in their 
 own Houfes, ufed to lay up their Gold, their Sil- 
 ver, 
 
the Wards of the Giy, 3 1 
 
 Ver, their Jewels, and their Corn, and that the 
 Mafters of the Store-houfes were obhged to keep 
 them fafe at their Peril. 
 
 'The Profphorian Port.^ Here they ufed to un- 
 lade all kinds of Provifions ; for the Word ■sr^oj-^pc- 
 qoi in the Greek fignifies any thing that is brought 
 to Market. 
 
 The Stairs o/'Chalcedon.] Thefe were 'a con- 
 venient Defcent by Steps, where they went on 
 Board, when they fail'd for Chalcedony which lay 
 over againft Conjiantinople, 
 
 Two Flefi-Markets^ All kind of Provifions 
 were fold here. 
 
 The Sixth IVard, 
 
 T I ^HEJixth Ward, upon the E7ifrance of it, is 
 \ ajljort Piece of level Ground, all the refi is 
 upon the T>ejcent ; for it extends itj'elffrojn the Fo- 
 rum o/'Conftantine to the Stairs, where you ferr^^ 
 over to Sycsna. It contaiiis the Porphyry Pillar of 
 Conftantine ; the Senate-houje in the fame Place ; 
 the Neorian Port -, the Stairs o/'Sycaena ; twenty two 
 Streets-, four hundred and eighty four great Houfes-^ 
 one large VovXiQO', nine private Baths ; one pub lick, 
 and [event e en private Mills \ it has aljb one Curator, 
 o/z^ Vernaculus -, forty nine CoUegiati, andfive Vico- 
 Magiflri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The Porphyry Pillar of Conftantine.] This 
 
 Pillar flood in the Forum of ConftantiiiC, which 
 
 ' was 
 
ji -^Description 6?/ 
 
 was pav'd with fquare Stones. Zo?iaras, fpeaking 
 of Nicephorus Phocas the Emperor, has this Paf- 
 fage : Tlie People curfe Nicephorus even to the 
 pav'd Forum, in which is created the round Por- 
 phyry Pillar. Cedrmus in his Hiftory tells us, that 
 Conjlantine in the twenty fourth Year of his Reign, 
 built a Forum with two Knjlrums^ or Pleading 
 Defks made in the form of Pulpits, and that he 
 plac'd in the Forum^ a Pillar which he brought-from 
 Rome. It was one folid Piece of Porphyry Marble, 
 and was bound with three Fafcice, or Wreaths of 
 Brafs round it, with Infcriptions upon them. On 
 the Top of it he erected his own Statue, with this 
 Infcription, CON^ TANTl NUS. It blazed like 
 the Sun, was made by the famous Phidias, and 
 Was brought from Athe?2s. Upon the Pedeftal of 
 the Pillar were carved in Bajfo Relievo, the i^wtn. 
 and twelve Balkets of Fragments, which were ta- 
 ken up in the Miracles of the Loaves and Pipes, 
 and beneath were infcribed the following Verfes. 
 
 To thee, O Saviour ;, Lord ofth' Ufiiver/e, 
 
 Who ridefi the unmeafurahle Globe 
 
 With deepeji Kf20W ledge, I this People offer ; 
 
 May they be thitie j / conquer d them for thed 
 
 I lay tn Imperial Sceptre at thy Feet, 
 
 With all the mighty Force and Powr of KomCi 
 
 Let thy good Providence with watchful Eye 
 
 Look down, a?id guard the City from all Ills. 
 
 Zo?2aras mentions the fame Thing, the' in diffe- 
 rent Words. He placed, fays he, meaning Con- 
 ftantine, the round Porphyry Pillar v/hich he 
 brought from Rome, in the Forum, paved with 
 fquare Stones. For this Reafon it was called by 
 
 the 
 
the Wards of the City, 3 3 
 
 the Greeks YlXct^Kcrav, At the Top of the Pillar he 
 placed his own Statue in Brafs, which for its 
 Largenefs, and the Exquifitenefs of its Work, was 
 fcarce to be matched in the whole World, as be- 
 ing finifhed to the Life, by an antient and emi- 
 nent Statuary. It was thought that it was origi- 
 nally deligned {ox Apollo^ and brought fromTrc^'; 
 but Conjlantine gave it his own Name, making 
 fome Alteration by faftening fome of thofe Nails 
 in the Head of it, with which the Jews crucified 
 the hord of Life. This Statue continued ftand- 
 ing upon the Pillar till very lately, when in the 
 Reign of Alexius Ccmne?ms^ it was thrown down 
 by an Earthquake, and crufhed fome People to 
 Death. Nicephorus in the Fourth Book, Chap, 
 8. of his Ecclef. Hijl. gives a better Defcription 
 of it. He built, fays he, a large Porphyry Pillar, 
 upon which he placed his own Statue, holding in 
 his right Hand a Globe, with a Crofs fixed upon 
 it. By this Symbol he intimated, that by Virtue 
 of that invincible Trophy the Crofs, the whole 
 Earth and Sea was fubje6t to his Power. Gyllius 
 writes, that this Pillar was made of eight Stones, 
 and that at the Joints of it, it was covered round 
 with Wreathed Laurels made of Brafs, fo that 
 you could not perceive where it was cemented; 
 but that upon the Removal of the Brafs-work, 
 you might eafily difcern that it was a jointed 
 Structure, and that the Number of the Stones 
 might be plainly feen. This Pillar is eighty fix 
 Foot high, befides the Bajis^ the Steps, and the 
 Pedeftal. 
 
 T'he Senate-Hoicfe, in the fame Place."] This 
 Building flood on the North Side of the Porum of 
 
 c Confan" 
 
34 ^Dfscription^/ 
 
 Conjianflne. The Senators and principal Men of 
 the City ufed to affemble here upon pubiick Af- 
 fairs, and the Emperor took upon him in this 
 Place the Confular Habit. It was curiouily beau- 
 tified with Brafs, and Porphyry Marble. Zona- 
 ras, and Cedrinus tell us, that in the Reign of Leo 
 the Great, it was deflroyed by Fire. 
 
 ^he Neorian Port,'] This was the Haven, or 
 Dock , where they built their fliipping, from 
 whence the Gate, which ftands near it, is called 
 by fome Writers, the Gate of the Neorium\ but 
 by Zonaras, and Cedrinus, as will appear in my 
 Notes upon the twelfth Ward, it was called Por- 
 ta Aurea, the gilded or beautiful Gate. Some 
 have given it the Name of the Imperial Gate, be- 
 caufe it joins to the Palace. 
 
 Tihe Stairs of Syciena.] Thefe are the Stairs 
 upon the Shore, from whence you go off to a 
 neighbouring liland called Syccena, but which at 
 prefent is called Pera. In the Creek here, there 
 are many Thoufand fmall Boats, more in Num- 
 ber than at Venice. They are generally called 
 Ferry-boats, becaufe they ca?'ry their Fare to and 
 fro' acrofs the River. 
 
 One large Portico.] This Portico reached as 
 far as the Forum of Conjlantijie, and was burnt 
 down in a tumultuous Manner, in the Reio-n of 
 yujlinian. 
 
 The 
 
the W A R D s of the Cuj. 3 j 
 
 The Seventh JVard. 
 
 ^liF, fevefith Ward, if compared with thi 
 
 fonner^ lies more upon the Level^ although 
 
 at the Extremity on one Side of it^ it falls -ivith ct 
 greater Decli'vity into the Sea. It JI retches its f elf 
 with very long Pdrtico's, from the right Hand of 
 the Pillar of Conflantijle, to the Forum of Theo- 
 doiius; as tt docs alfo on another Side of it as far 
 as the Seay by Portico's extended in the fame Man- 
 ner. It contains in it three Churches, that of St. 
 Irenes St. Anaftalia, and St. Paulj the Pillar of 
 Theodofius , which you afcend on the Inlide by 
 Wi7idi'ng Stairs y two large Equejlrian Statues -, 
 Part of the Forum of Theodofius; the Bagnio's 
 c/^Coroiia; eighty five Streets, feven hundred and 
 eleven great Houfes ; fix large Portico's 3 eleven 
 private Baths j twelve private Mills ; and fixteen 
 Gradus. It is governed by one Curator, has one 
 Vernaculus, eighty Collegiati, and five Vico-Ma^ 
 giflri. 
 
 NOTES, 
 
 T'he Church of St. Irene.] This Church ftood 
 in a Street of this Ward, which was called "Tau- 
 rus.^ It was called the Church of St. Irene, i. e. 
 of Peace; and which, as Socrates and Cedrinus 
 inform us, was built by Conflantine the Great, 
 and burnt down in the Reign of fuflinian. 
 
 c i The 
 
^6 A Description of 
 
 the Church of St. Anaftafia.] The Reliques 
 of St. Anajlafia, in the firft Year oi Leo the Great^ 
 were brought from Syr?niu??i to Ccnjiantimple^ and 
 repofited in this Church which was built by the 
 Cathohcks , becaufe St. Gregory Naziaiizen had 
 there revived the Do<flrine of the i/^j/y Trinity, 
 or as Sozonwz reports, becaufe a Woman big with 
 Child falling from a Gallery over the Church- 
 porch , died upon the Spot, and revived by the 
 Prevelancy of the Prayers of the Congregation. 
 
 But it feems to me more agreeable to Truth, 
 that there were at Conjlantinople two Churches 
 which went under this Name : One was the Church 
 of the Novatia?iSj which was pull'd down by the 
 Arians, and which was afterwards rebuilt by them, 
 as Sozomen obferves, Lib. IV. Cap. 19. and was 
 therefore call'd the Church of St. Anajlafm. The 
 other was fo call'd, from the Revival of the Doc- 
 trine of the Trinity, juft mentioned. The Church 
 here meant was anciently the Houfe oiNicohulus, 
 where St. Gregory Nazianzen was hofpitably en- 
 tertained by him, as appears in his Oration to the 
 Hundred and fifty Bifliops. This Houfe was af- 
 terwards made a Church, and became a mofl 
 magnificent Bafilica. But Sozomen tells us. Lib. 
 V. Cap. 5. That the Church was fo called for 
 the Realon above-mentioned. Martian^ one of 
 the Principal, and moft wealthy Citizens, built 
 there a large and beautiful Church. The Re- 
 liques of Anajiafia, were repofited there, becaufe 
 the Church bore her Name. 
 
 T^he Pillar o/'Theodofius, which is afc ended on 
 the Injide by IVinding Stain ] Zonaras^ in his 
 I>ife of Ji(Jiif2ia?tj writes concerning this Pillar as 
 
 follows : 
 
the Wards of the City. 3 7 
 
 follows : In the ieventeenth Year of his Reign, 
 fays he, the great Pillar placed before the Porch 
 of the great Church was finiflied, upon which he 
 placed his own Statue on Horfeback. In the 
 fame Place had flood formerly the Pillar of T^he- 
 odofius, fupporting a filver Statue, made at the 
 Cofl: of his Son Arcadius. This Statue was fe- 
 ven Thoufand four hundred Pound in Weight. 
 'JiifiiniaJi took down the Statue, and demoliflied 
 the Pillar, and laid them both up ; fo that the 
 Statue, with the Stones of the Pillar, is to be itftxi 
 at this Day. As the Treatife, I am, upon was 
 wrote when this Pillar was Handing, it mufl of 
 Confequence be wrote before the Time ol'Jiifli- 
 man. CedrmuSy in his Life of Zeno^ fpeaks of 
 this Pillar in another Manner, or elfe he is fpcak- 
 ing of another Pillar. In the Street called 'Tau- 
 7'us, fays he, Theodofiiis the G^-eat ereded a Pillar, 
 on which was carved the Hiftory of his Battles 
 with the Scs'thiam^ and the Trophies of his Suc- 
 cefs. This Pillar, continues he, has Winding- 
 Stairs within it. At the Top of it, in a Place 
 where two Ways meet, fat Uheodofius on Horfe- 
 back, with his right Hand ftretched towards the 
 City, and pointing downwards to the Trophies 
 carved upon it. This Pillar, with the Statue, 
 was thrown down by an Earthquake in the fourth 
 Year of the Reign of Zeno the Emperor. The 
 fame Hiftorian, fpeaking of Anajiafius^ fays, that 
 he ordered to be melted down many of the Sta- 
 tues, and other Curiofities fet up by Confiantine 
 the Great y out of which his own Statue was made, 
 which he placed upon the Pillar in the T'auj-us. 
 For before the Statue of T'heodofms the Great was 
 
 c 3 placed 
 
3 8 y^ Description of 
 
 placed there , the Pillar of Anajlafnn was thrown 
 down, and da£hed to Pieces by an Earthquake. 
 
 jT-zt'o large Eqiieflrian Statues^ One of thefe 
 wgs the Statue of I'heodofius the Great. The o- 
 ther is unknown. 
 
 T]6r Bagnio's o/'Corofia.] Thefe Bagnio's took 
 their Name from Corofia^ the Daughter of Valem 
 the Emperor, as Sozomen obferves in the Ninth 
 Chapter of his Sixth Book. Martian^ fays he, a 
 Man of confummare Learning, and great Aufte- 
 rity of Life, who had formerly been one of the 
 Emperor 's.Life-guard, but at that Time a Prieft, 
 was a Novatian, and Tutor to Anaflajius and Co- 
 rofia, the Son and Daughter of Valem^ in the Ru- 
 diments of Grammar. He adds, that there were 
 fome Bagnios at Confiantinople that were named 
 from them. 
 
 The Eighth JVard, 
 
 "^HE eighth Ward, en the Side of the Tau- 
 rus, is not bounded by the Sea^ and may be 
 looked upon to be rather a narrow^ than a broad 
 Piece of Ground i yet is this Defect juficiently a- 
 mended by its great Length. It contains part of the 
 Forum o/'Conilantine, a Portico on the left Side 
 cf ity reaching as far as the Taurus j the Balilica 
 of Theodpfius \ the Capitol ; tiventy tino Streets ; 
 a hundred and eight fpacious Hoifes 5 fve large 
 Port'co's; ffteen private Baths -^ f'-oe private 
 Milh\ fie Gradus, a?id iisco Flejh Markets, It 
 
 has 
 
the Wa r d s ^/ the City, 3 9 
 
 has one Curator, 072eYt\'n2.c\Aus, feventecn Colle- 
 giati, and free Vico-Maglftri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 Thi^Ward is wholly encompaffed by the Land, 
 and contains part of the T'aurus^ which was a 
 Street of Conjlantinople. Zonaras in his Life of 
 Nicephonis Botoiiiates^ takes Notice of it, and tells 
 us, that it contained Part of the Forum of Con- 
 Jianfine, a Portico on the left Side of it, reaching 
 as far^as the Taurus, the BafiUca of TheodofiuSy 
 and the Capitol: In fach magnificent Buildings, 
 more efpecially, did Conjlantiiicple much refemble 
 Old Rome. 
 
 The Ninth Ward. 
 
 ' I ^ HF, ninth Ward is all a Declivity, and 
 J^ bounded by the Sea. If contains the two 
 Churches o/^Casnopolis, and Omonaea ; the Grana- 
 ries ^'Alexandrian the Hoifr of the moji illuftrioiis 
 Arcadia ; the Bagnio's of Anaftafia ; the Grana- 
 ries of T\iZO^o{\w^\ fixteen Streets; a hundred and 
 Jixteen great Houfes ; two large Portico's ; fifteen 
 private Baths ; fifteen private , and four publick 
 Mills. 'T'is gover?2ed by one Curator, one Verna- 
 culus, thirty eight CoUegiati, and five Vico-Ma- 
 giftri. 
 
 c 4 NOTES, 
 
40 ^Description^/ 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^ke fivo Churches o/'Caenopolls, and Omonsea.] 
 I am of Opinion, that the firft of thefe Churches 
 took its Name from fome Place in the City. Per- 
 haps it was call'd fo from a Spring without the 
 Porta Aiirea, which had made the Ground foul, 
 and oozy. Lco^ before he came to the Govern- 
 ment, as the Story goes, anointed the Eyes of a 
 blind Man with the Dirt of that Place, and he re- 
 cover'd his Sight. When he arriv'd after\^»ards to 
 the Imperial Dignity, he dedicated a Church to 
 the Virgin Mar)\ who foretold his AccelTion to 
 the Government. Nicepkorus^ in Lib. XV. Cap. 
 25. Hiji. Ecckfiaft. (and Procopius confirms it) 
 fays, that in the Suburbs, which was called FonSy 
 or the Spring, ynjlinian repair'd the Church of the 
 Blejfed Virgin. The other Church is call'd 'O/^c- 
 vc;cf, or the Church of Concord j becaufe, proba- 
 bly in the Times of Heathenifm, the Temple of 
 Concord flood there ; as there were no lefs than 
 three fuch Temples at Rome. One of which was 
 dedicated to her by M. Furius Camillus, upon a 
 Supprcflion of a Military Tumult ; the fecond by 
 M. Manlius Prator^ upon quelling fuch another 
 Tumult in Gaul-, and the third in the Forum Ro- 
 manum^ near the Gracojiajis^ by L. Opimius the 
 Conjul^ upon the Defeat of Gracchus and his Par- 
 ty, in Oppofition to the ftrongefl Refentments of 
 the People) fo that the Infcription over this 
 Temple was Opus Vecordia, and not Concordice, 
 There was alfo another Temple dedicated to Cofi- 
 cord, which was either built, or repair'd by Li- 
 
 via 
 
the Wards of the City, 4 1 
 
 'Dta Augujla^ as is obferved by St. Aufi'in, Lib, 
 III. Cap, z^.de Civit. Dei. One of thefe Tem- 
 ples was repaired hy CoJiJi ant ine forChriftian Wor- 
 fhip, as is evident from an antient Infcription in 
 the Laferan. 
 
 I'he Granaries of Alexandria.] There were 
 yearly carried from Alexandria to Conjlantlnople^ 
 eight Millions o^i Medimni of Wheat, (each Me- 
 dim7ius oi Attick Meafure confifted of fix Bufliels) 
 for which the Mafters of the Ships by an Edid:of 
 'Jiijiinian^ received the Sum of ninety Thoufand 
 Aiirei. There was antiently rais'd by Order of 
 the Senate, ^nd the principal Inhabitants, the. 
 Sum of fix hundred and eleven Pounds in Gold, 
 which was lodged in the Hands of the PrefeSl of 
 the City, for purchafing Provifion ; to which the 
 Emperor added another Impoft, for purchafing 
 Corn from Alexandria^ Lib. III. Cod. T^heod. de 
 Frumen. Urb. Conjian. This Corn, when brought 
 to Conftanfmople^ was laid up in Granaries, which 
 were therefore called the Granaries of Alexan- 
 dria. 
 
 I'he Hoiife of the mofi illujirious Arcadia.] This 
 Lady, as Cedrinus relates, was the Daughter of 
 Arcadius. She had another Houfe in the tenth 
 Ward. Arcadius had by the Emprefs Eudocia^ 
 three Daughters, Pidcheria^ Marina^ and Arca- 
 dia^ who all lived in a State of Celibacy. 
 
 '^he Bagnio's of Anaftafia.] Thefe Bagnio's 
 were fo call'd from Anaftafia^ the Daughter of 
 Valens, as others were from her Sifler Carofia a- 
 bovementioned. Marcellimis^ in his Seventeenth 
 Book obferves, that thefe Bagnio s took their Name 
 fji-om Ancfiafm. P aulas Diaconus tells us in 
 
 his 
 
42 y^ Description^/ 
 
 his Thirteejith Book, that there's a very large 
 Houfe in Confiantlnople called Carya, which fig- 
 nifies a Nut: For, fays he, there ftands in the 
 Porch of this Houfe a Nut-tree, on which, as 
 the Report goes, St. Afhatius fuffered Martyr- 
 dom. Upon this Account, there is alfo an Ora- 
 tory built in the fame Place. Procopiiis alfo 
 mentions a Man, who went to the Bagnio's of 
 Anajiafja, which took their Name, fays he, from 
 the Siller of ConJianti?ie. 
 
 The Tenth IVavcL 
 
 '^HE tenth Ward, en the other Side of the 
 City, is divided frotn the ninth by a broad 
 Way, yet is it much more upon the Level-, nor is 
 it, in any Part of it uneven, but 7iear the Sea Shore. 
 'T'is of a proportionable Length and Breadth, and 
 contains in it ; the Church of St. Achatius ; the 
 Bagnio's of Confiantine; the Houfe of Augufla 
 Placidiaj the Hoife of Augufla Eudocia; the 
 Houfe ofthemofi illujlrious Arcadia ; a large^ym- 
 pheum ; tuccnty Streets -, fix hundred and thirty 
 fix great HouJ'es; fx large Fonico's; twenty two 
 private Baths ; two publick, and fixteen private 
 Mills ; and twelve Cxradus. It has one Curator, 
 one Vernaculus, ni/icty Collegiati, and five Vico- 
 Magiflri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
the Wards of the Clfy, 4 5 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^he Church of St. Achatius.] This good Man 
 fufFered Death at Conflantinoph\ as I jiift obferved, 
 upon a Nut-tree, which Nicephorus lays, remain- 
 ed in the Middle of the Church, facred to his Me- 
 mory in the Reign of Arcadius^ though he was 
 martyr'd in the Time of Diocleftan an hundred 
 Years before. For, fpeaking of Procopius the Ty- 
 rant, The Church, fays he, which was demohfh- 
 ed with Age, was rebuih, and beautified by yii- 
 Jimia?i. And Procopius the Iliftorian tells us in 
 Lib. de Mdif, 'Jnf. That Jiififiia?! rebuilt it from 
 the Ground, and that it caft fuch'*a Luftre, that 
 it ftruck the Speculators with Admiration, its Mar- 
 ble being very glofiy, and white as Snow. He 
 adds farther, that this Church was called the Mizr- 
 tyrdom of St. ylchatius, becaufe he was buried 
 there, which happened on the iixth oi May. 
 
 I'he Bagnio's <j/'Conftantine,] Gyllius fays they 
 were the Bagnio's of Confantius^ and which, in- 
 deed, are often mentioned by Soxofnen^ Socrates^ 
 and Siiidas', but 'tis more probable that thefe Bag- 
 nids were built by Confantine^ who was indefatiga- 
 ble in beautifying the City with many Decorations. 
 The Hoiife o/Tlacidia Augufta.] This Lady was 
 the Daughter of T'heodofms the Lt'/i, who afterwards 
 relided in Italy, with her Brother iJcwr/z/i. 
 
 The Houfe of Augufta Eudocia.] She was 
 the moft learned Woman of her Age, and wrote 
 the Life of Chrif in Greek Hexameters, after the 
 Manner of Homer, At laft being fufped:ed by her 
 Hufband of Adultery, and divorc'd, Ihe went to 
 Jerufalem, but upon the Death of Theodqfius, as 
 
 ZonaraSy 
 
44 -^Description <?/ 
 
 Zonarai and Nicephorus write, returned again to 
 Conjlantinopk. 
 
 The Eleventh Ward, 
 
 THE eleventh Ward , much wider in Com- 
 pajs than the former, is, in no part of it, 
 bounded by the Sea. The whole of it, level and 
 rifing Ground, contains, the Church of the Apo- 
 flles; ^Z*^ P^/^<:^ o/' Flacilla i the Houfe of hxx^w- 
 fta Pulcheria; the Brazen Bull; the Cijlern of 
 Arcadius; the'CiJiern o/'Modeftusj fve hundred 
 and three great Houfes ; four large Portico's ; four- 
 teen private Baths ; one publick, and three private 
 Mills; and f even Gradus. It has c/z^ Curator; 
 one Vernaculus ; thirty feven Colleglati, and five 
 Vico-Magillri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The Church of the Apoftles.] Cedrinus and Eu- 
 febius write, that this Church was rebuilt by Con- 
 flantine. Eifebius, Lib.W. Cap.^^. deVitaCoiift. 
 fays, that to perpetuate the Memory of the Apo- 
 files, he began to build a Church, in the City cal- 
 led after his own Name. When he had built 
 the Church to a very great Height, he beautify 'd 
 it with Stones of all Kinds, and inlay'd it with 
 Variety of the mod delicate Marble, from the 
 Pavement to the Top of the Church ; and having 
 clofed the Roof with Arches of the be ft Work- 
 manfhip, he gilded it over. The Top of die 
 
 Church, 
 
the Wards of the City, 4 j 
 
 Church, on the Outfide of ir, was cover'd with 
 Brafs, to fecure it from the Violence of the Wea- 
 ther, part of which was alfo gilded j fo that the 
 amazing Splendour of it, refled:ed the Rays of 
 the Sun to a very great Diftance. The inward 
 part of the Church he cover'd with Net- work, 
 which was artificially made of Brafs and Gold. 
 Thus beautifully was the Church adorn 'd by the 
 great Care and Application of the Emperor. Be- 
 fore it flood a fpacious Court, with an open Gal- 
 lery round it. The Church and the Gallery were 
 wholly furrounded with Portico's. The Palace, 
 the Bagnio's, the Walks, and many Houfes built 
 for the Accommodation of thofe who look'd after 
 them, had all of them the Conveniency of fome 
 Portico. In this Church was laid the Body of 
 ConJ}antint\ in a golden Chefl, the twelve Apo- 
 Jiles flanding round his Tomb. This is attefled 
 by Socrates. This Church was afterwards rebeau- 
 tified by ynjiinia?i. For Procopius, Lib. de JE- 
 dif. Juji. fpeaks of it thus : There was, fays he, 
 an ancient Church at Conjiantinople, jufl finking 
 with Age. This Church, for the Reverence he 
 bore to ir, was repaired by 'Ji{jlinian, where the 
 Mafons and Workmen found three wooden Chefts 
 or Coffins, which proved by their Infcriptions, 
 that the Bodies of St. hiike, St. Ajidrew and 7V- 
 moth)\ were interr'd there, and which were view- 
 ed by 'Jiifliniaii, and the Ch'iftians of thofe Times, 
 with the greatefl Admiration. 
 
 T^he Palace of Flacilla.] If we read it Falcilla, 
 it is meant of another Daughter of Arcadius 3 if 
 P lac ilia y fhe was the Wife oi Theodojius the Great ^ 
 whom Paulus Diaconus calls Flacilla. 
 
 'The 
 
^6 ^ Description ^^Z* 
 
 T'be Brazen Bull.] This Bull, Cedrinus writes, 
 was brought from ^roy. There was, fays he, 
 a Stove ill which St. Antipas the Martyr was burnt 
 to Death. Some are of Opinion, that this Stove 
 was the Brazen Bull here mention 'd, which was 
 invented by Perillus, who was forced to undergo 
 the fame Torment by Phalaris, a cruel Tyrant of 
 Agrigentiim. Zonaras relates, that Phocas the 
 Tyrant was burnt in a Bull, /. e. in a brazen Stove 
 made in the Shape of a Bull, brought from Per^ 
 gamiis, which Place gave its Name to a Place 
 near Conjlantinople. 
 
 "Tbe Cijiern of Modeftus.] Modeftm was firft 
 chief Governour of the Eaft, and was afterwards, 
 PrcefeBus Prcetorio^ or General of the Life- 
 guard to Valens. As he was an Arian^ he perfe- 
 cuted the Catholicks. Afterwards he was reco- 
 vered from a dangerous lUnefs by the Prayers of 
 St.BaJilj as 'tis recorded by Gregory Nazi anzeyi in 
 his Funeral Oration upon him. I take this to be 
 the fame Perfon who built the Ciflern here men- 
 tion'd. 
 
 The Twelfth Ward. 
 
 rHPi twelfth Ward, f?^o?n the E?itrance of 
 the Cdt) at the Porta Aurea, is a long way 
 upon the Level. "T'is extended on the left Side of it 
 by a gentle Defcent, and is bounded by the Sea. 
 This Ward is better guarded^ and more handfomly 
 beautified than any other, the Walls rifmg higher 
 here than in any other part of the City. It co?i-^ 
 i tains. 
 
the Wards of the Ctty, 47 
 
 taim the Porta Aurea ; the Portico's of Troas ; the 
 Forum of Theodofius ; A Column ivitb 'whuihig 
 Stairs in its hifide-, the Mint^ cr Trcafury, the 
 Port of Theodofius 5 eleven Streets ; three hmidred 
 a?id Jixty three great Hoifes; three largeFonico's-, 
 five private Baths j fve private Mills, and nine 
 Gradus. It has one Curator, one Vernaculus, 
 thirty four Collegiati, and fve Vico-Magiilri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 ^he Porta Aurea.] The Greeks call it u)ooua, 
 botli on the account of its own Beautifulnefs, and 
 that of the neighbouring Buildings 3 fo that it is 
 a palpable Miftake in thofe who call it Poj^ta Ne- 
 - oria from the Dock, which is near to it. I take 
 this to be the fame Gate which Zonaras mentions 
 in his Life of heo the Philofopher. He calls it 
 theWeftern Gate of the Golden 'T'ricliniiwj, from 
 whence it is call'd the P<?r/^ y^z/r^'^, as is obferv'd 
 by Nicctas in his Life of Alexius Ducas, Marzul- 
 fiSy and in the i?//;or^' of their Atchievements, after 
 they had taken the City; as alfo by Nicephorus 
 Gregoras, in his 'Treatije entituled, 'The E?ifry of 
 Michael Palaeologus into the City. In this Gate it 
 is reported, the Elephants were ftabled, Vv^hich 
 were much like thofe with which Theodofius made 
 his publick Entry into Confiantinople^ as 'tis m.en- 
 tion'd by Cedrinus. Some Hiftorians tell us, that 
 they were tranfported to Confiaiitinople from the 
 Temple of Mars Athenienfs. This Gate ftood 
 Eaflerly, facing the Sea, and as Nicephorus ob- 
 ferves, overlook'd the Imperial Citadel through 
 the City to a great Diflance, and that from thence 
 
 you 
 
48 yf Description^/ 
 
 you might look very far backwards into the In- 
 land Countries. This Gate, in a dire6t Line, was 
 di.ftant from the Sea-fhore fourteen thoufand and 
 feventy five Feet, fo that the City was about three 
 Miles in Length. 
 
 The Portico's o/'Troas,] I believe thefe Portico's 
 took their Name either from the People of Troas, 
 who, while they continued there, built them ; or 
 from fome Part of the City fo call'd, or becauie 
 fome Goods and Merchandize were imported thi- 
 ther from Trc^j, as I obferved before of the Gra- 
 naries of T'roas. 
 
 A Column with nvijidijig Stairs on its In/ide.'] 
 Upon this Pillar was eredted the Statue of T'heo- 
 ciojius^ which, as Zonaras writes, was near the 
 Porta Aiirea, and fell down in the Reign of Leo 
 IJ'aurus. Gyllius is of Opinion, that this was the 
 Statue of Arcadius^ that the Shaft of it, with the 
 Pedeftal and Capital, conlifted of twenty one 
 Stones J and adds, that the Battels of T'heodofius 
 were carv'd upon it. 
 
 The Thirteenth Ward. 
 
 THE thirteenth Ward is call'd the Syca^ne 
 Ward, which is divided from the City by a 
 narrow Bay of the <■ Sea, and maintains an Inter- 
 courfe with it by Boats, andjmall Vejjels. It ftands 
 wholly upon the Side of it, except a broad I'raSi of 
 Land, which lies Level, at the Foot of it, 7iear the 
 Sea-Jhore. It contains o?ie Chnrch; the Bagnio's 
 tfW Forum (?/'Honoriusi A Theatre j A Dock for 
 
 Sijip- 
 
the Wa kds of the City, 49 
 
 Ship-building j four hundred and thirty one great 
 Houfes J one large Portico j five private Bagnio's ; 
 o?ie publick, and four private Milky with eight 
 Gradus. It has o?te Curator, o?ie Vernaculus, 
 thirty four Collegiati, and five Vico-Magiftri. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 The Sycene Ward.] This Ward is a Pejtifjfula 
 divided from Confta^itinople by a fmall Bay of 
 the City. 'Tis at prefent call'd Galata, or Fera. 
 Stephanus (de JJrbibus) tells us, that Syccz is a 
 fmall City over again ft New Kojne, which in his 
 Time was called Jufiiniana. But Juftinian him- 
 felf, Novel, c^g. Cap. 5. places^it fo far within the 
 new Walls of the City, that, as he fays, it ought to 
 be looked upon as a Part of it. It was named by 
 the Greeks Sycatia , from the great Produce it 
 bears of the beft FigSy as is obferved by Cedrifius 
 and Dionyfiiis a Byzantian. 'Tis not inhabited 
 at prefent by the Franks, for fo the Greeks call 
 the Lati?ies. Gyllius is of Opinion that it was 
 called Galata, becaufe BrefinuSy Captain General 
 of the Gauls y whom the Greeks call TaXciTcci 
 marched thither with his Army. It was alfo cal- 
 led Pera, that is, the Ferry, or Percea, and ftood 
 on the other Side of the Water ; as Jofephus re- 
 lates, that Judcea was on the other Side of Jor^ 
 dan J and as Strabo mentions a Place, which he 
 fays was on the other Side of Euphrates. Atiafiafi- 
 lis in his Conftitutions calls it Sycce, or the Ferry of 
 Syces, where he commands the Dead to be bury'd 
 without Fee, or Reward. 'Tis divided by a Hill 
 
 d thac 
 
yo yf Description ^/ 
 
 that runs from North to South, and is bounded on 
 each Side by two Vales, of a Mile in Length. Its 
 Walls are four Thoufahd four Hundred Paces in 
 Compafs. Near to it, 'Jujl'mian in his 159 '' Nov. 
 feems to fix the Suburbs called Coparinjn-. And 
 Socrates in his 30'='' Chap, of his Ecclef. Hiji. tells 
 us, that there's a Place juft againft the City, 
 which is called Sycte. The Church of the No'-oa- 
 tians was tranflated hither in the Reign of Con- 
 (lajitine. 
 
 It jnainfained an Intercoiirfe with Conftantino- 
 ple, by Boats andjmall Vejjcls^ There were in 
 the Bay here many Thousands of fmall Boats, far 
 exceeding the Number of thofe which are at Ve- 
 nice to carry Paffengers from one Shore to the 
 other, fo that this Feninfula might reafonably be 
 looked upon as a Part of the City. 'Tis almofl 
 furrounded with Mountains, at the Foot of which, 
 towards the Sea, it lies all upon a Level to the 
 oppoiite Shore. It contained a Church,, the Fo- 
 rum^ and Theatre of Honorius, and many other 
 Ornaments and Curiofities in common with other 
 Wa7'ds. There flood here a magnificent Church 
 dedicated to St. 'Irene, which was built by Perti- 
 nax, who had pafs'd the Confular Dignity, and 
 was then Patriarch of Conjlantinople : And Con- 
 fiaiitine, when he had beautified the Ward with 
 many fbately Buildings, enclofed it with a Wall, 
 as 'tis recorded by Cardinal Bar onins in his Annah 
 of the Year 314. 
 
 'The Dock.'] There was alfo a Place in this 
 Ward where they built their Ships. 
 
 The 
 
the Wards of the C it j. ji 
 
 The Author has taken no Notice of two Streets 
 which belonged to this Ward^ and which would 
 complete the Number of three hundred and 
 twenty two Streets, mentioned in the Concluiion 
 Qi\\\'=>''treatijc', but without the Addition of them, 
 We can reckon them three hundred and twenty^ 
 and no more. 
 
 The Fourteenth IVard. 
 
 A Lf hough this Ward is look' d upon to be d four- 
 teenth Fart of the City^ yet becaufe it is di- 
 'vidcd from the other Wards by an intermediate 
 Space of Land, and enclofed withifi its own Walls, 
 it makes the Figure of afmall City by it f elf The 
 Entrance of it at the Gats isfomewhat upon the 
 Level J but the right Side of it, rifmg into an Af- 
 cent, almoji to the Middle f the bread Way, falls 
 into a deep Defcent, and ends afterwards near the 
 Sea in a Plain. It contains a Churchy the Fa- 
 lace; a Nympheum; feme Baths-, a Theatre; a 
 Luforium; a Wooden Bridge; eleven Streets; a 
 hundred and fixty feven great Houfes; two large 
 Portico's ; five private Baths ; one publick, and one 
 private Mill; with five Gradus. 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 T!he fourteenth Ward, which is enclofed within 
 its own Walls, inakes the Figure af a kind offmall 
 
 d 2 City 
 
ji ^ Description 0/ 
 
 Cify by it felf!\ It was anciently looked upon to 
 be a Tmall City, becaufe one of the Emperors had 
 built there an Imperial Citadel. 'Tis very moun- 
 tainous about it, and it defcends towards the Sea, 
 into the Bofom of a Plain. The Name of the 
 Church in this Ward is not known at prefent. 
 
 A Palace.] This is the Place of Imperial Re- 
 fidence, which was antiently called Palatium, 
 becaufe Augufius dwelt in Mount Palatine at 
 Rom^. The Dwelling-Houfe of Romulus was al- 
 fo called by the fame Name. Wherefore, fays 
 Dio}ij fpeaking of Augufius^ let the Emperor be 
 where he pleafes, yet the Place where he con- 
 ftantly dwells, is always called his Palace. 
 
 A Luforium.] This probably was the fame 
 Place with the Ludus Venatorius^ in which the 
 Combatants exercifed themfelves before they en- 
 gaged with wild Beafts ; yet is it more probable, 
 that it was fo called from the Naves Ltijbriay 
 which were built there, of which MarcelUnus 
 takes Notice in his fixth Book, as alfo the Code 
 of T'heodo fills de Luforiis Da?iubii. 
 
 A Wooden Bridge^ Suidas writes, that near 
 the Church of St. Mamas^ there was a Bridge 
 which confifted of twelve Arches, for there was 
 a great Flood of Waters there. I believe this 
 was after chang'd into a Stone Bridge. 
 
 Five Gradus, or Stairs.] At the End of this 
 JVard^ after the five Gradus, I would correct the 
 Omiffion of my Author, by comparing this with 
 the other Wards, and adding one Curator, one 
 Vernaculus^ thirty i'^yzw Collegiati, and five Vico- 
 Magijiri, 
 
 The 
 
the Wards of the City, 5 3 
 
 The Author, in his following fummary View 
 of the City, mentions five hundred and fixty Col- 
 legiati, but to complete the Number of them, 
 there are wanting feven. T'heodojius the Lefs has 
 added three in Lib. de Connne?'. & Mercat. and 
 makes the Number of them to be five hundred 
 and fixty three. 
 
 A Summary Vtew of the whole City, 
 
 HAvitig taken a particular View of the Cit\\ 
 as divided into Wards, I J]:all now, conti- 
 nues my Author, give the Reader a more large and 
 general Defcription of it, to Jloew that its Beauty 
 and Magnificence is not only to be afi:ribed to Art 
 and good Workmanfiip, hut that Nature herjelf, bv 
 the Mediation of the Elements, has happily contri- 
 buted to its Seciu'ity and Defence. '\the divine 
 Providence has with fo much Wijdom confulted the 
 Prefervation of its Inhabitants, even to future 
 Ages, that a long Tra6l of Land, in the Nature of 
 (I Promontory, full of Windings and Harbours in 
 its Sides, facing the Chaps of the Black- Sea, ?iar- 
 row in Breadth, is ft rongly fortified by the Sea. 
 "The Ifthmus, the only Part of the City not bound- 
 ed by the Sea, is at the fame Time ftrejigthened 
 with a double Wall, with numerous 'Lowers on its 
 Ramparts. L'he City thus enclofed and defended^ 
 contains in the Whole the following Builditigs. Five 
 Palaces-, fourteefi Chu7xhes', five divine Houfes 
 of the Auguftasj three of the fnofi illufirious Ladies \ 
 
 d 3 eight 
 
54 ^ DesctvIption of 
 
 eight Bagnio's j two Bafilica's ; four Fora's ; twot 
 Se?iate-HouJeSy frae Grayiaries^ or Store-Houfes :^ 
 two l^heatres; f -zt'i? Luforia ; four Havens-, one Cir- 
 co; four Ciferns'j four Nymphea ; three hundred 
 and twenty two Streets ; four T^ hoi f and three hun^ 
 dred and eight large Houfcs-, fifty two Portico's 5 
 a hundred and fifty three private Baths-, twenty 
 publick, and a hundred and twenty private Mills -, a 
 hundred and feventeen Gradusj five Flefij Mar- 
 kets-, one Porphyry Pillar; two Pillars with wind- 
 ing Stairs-, oneQolo^us-, o?ie Golden Ttx.T2i^y\un\; 
 the Forum o/* Auguilus ; the Capitol; the Mint, 
 or 'Treafury ; and three Gradus by the Sea-Shore. 
 It was under the Care and Government of fourteen 
 Curators, fourteen Vernaculi, five hundred and 
 fixty CoUegiati, and fixty five Vico-Magiftri. The 
 Length of the City from the Porta Aurea /« a di- 
 rect Line to the Sea-Shore, is fourteen Thoifand 
 andfeventy five Feet ; the Breadth of it, fix Thou- 
 fand one hundred and fifty. Thus concludes the 
 Author of the Defcription, I fhall now go on 
 with piy 
 
 NOTES. 
 
 It has five Palaces ] Old Rome, inftead of thefe, 
 has one Thoufand one hundred and eighty 
 Houfes. 
 
 Fourteen Churches^ "Rome had four Hundred 
 and twenty four Temples. 
 
 Five divine Houfes oj' the Augufts, and of thofe 
 who bore the Title of the Mofi Illufirious three.^ 
 The Houfes of thofe Ladies, who bore the Title 
 
 of 
 
the V/arDs of the City. jj 
 
 o\ Augufice^ were called Divine. They had alfo 
 other Marks of Imperiality and Honour conferr'd 
 upon them. By the Miftake of the Writer thefe 
 Houfes were reckoned fix, though they were no 
 more in Number than five only, ws;. two of Fla- 
 cidia^ two of Pulchcria^ and one of Etidocia, the 
 Wife of T^heodofius. As to the Houfes belonging 
 •to the Ladies, entitled the Mojl Ilhijirious, one of 
 them belonged to Marina, and the other two to 
 Arcadia, and bore the fame Title with them- 
 felves. 
 
 Eight Bagnio's.] ViBor writes, that at Kome 
 there were eleven. 
 
 Tlwo Bafilica's.] There were ten of them at 
 
 Fw/rFora's.] At Rome there were eleven; 
 ViBor fays nineteen. 
 
 Two ISemte-Hoiifes.] At Rome, as FiBor fays, 
 there were three -, one Hood between the Capitol, 
 and the Forii?n Romanian, where was the Temple 
 Q^ Concord', another by the Porta Capenay and a 
 third in the Temple of Bellona, which ftood in 
 the Circo of Flaminiiis, where the Foreign Am- 
 balTadors reiided, becaufe they would not allow 
 them Admittance into the City. 
 
 Five Granaries.] At Rome there were two 
 hundred and ninety two. 
 
 Two Theatres] At Rome there were three. 
 
 T'ivo Luforia.] At Rome, acccording to ViBor, 
 there were fixteen. 
 
 Four Havens.] At Rome there was but one. 
 
 0?je Circo.] At Rome there were two. 
 
 Four Cijierns.] At Rome there were none. 
 
 d 4 Four 
 
^6 y^ Description of 
 
 Four Nymphea.] Ac Rome there were fif- 
 teen 
 
 'Three hundred and twenty two Streets. J At 
 Rome four Hundred and twenty four. 
 
 Four Thoujand three hundred and eighteen large 
 Houjes.] At Rome there were forty fix Thoufand 
 fix hundred and two hifulce, and one Thoufand 
 ieven hundred and eighty large Houfes. The 
 Houfes here mentioned were large roof'd Build- 
 ings, tyl'd at Top four Ways ; the Infula were 
 roof'd Buildings, tyl'd only before and behind. 
 
 Forty two Portico's.] At Rome there were fix 
 only 
 
 A hundred and fifty three private Baths.] At 
 Rome there were eight hundred and fifty fix. 
 
 Twenty public k^ and a hundred and twenty pri- 
 *vate Mills.'] At Rome two hundred and fifty four. 
 
 A hundred and feventeen Gradus-] At Rome none. 
 
 Five Fkjh-Markets.] At Rome two only. 
 
 Five hundred and fixty Collegiati.] It is appa- 
 rent that thirty feven of them are omitted in the 
 lafi: Ward. There was no fuch Ofiice at Rome^ 
 yet there were, infi:ead of them. Watchmen di- 
 vided into feven Companies, whofe Bufinefs, ac- 
 cording to Dion and Suetonius^ was much the fame 
 with that of the Collegiati. 
 
 Sixty five Vico-magiftri.] It fliould be read 
 feventy j for five of them are omitted in the lafi: 
 V/ard. At Rome the Number of Collegiati was 
 fix hundred and feventy two. 
 
 A Porphyry Pillar.] There was no fuch Pil- 
 lar, as Cedrinus fays, at Ro??ie^ tho' this was 
 brought from thence. Gvlliui wrices, that this 
 
 Pillar 
 
the Wards of the Ctt^. j 7 
 
 Pillar was made of fqiiare marble Stones, and 
 that it flood in the Hippodrom. 
 
 T'wo Pillars ivith Wmdi7jg-Stairs in the In- 
 fide of themi] There was the fame Number at 
 Rome. 
 
 One Colofllis.] At Rome there were two. 
 'Tis omitted in the Defcriptio?: of the Wards, as 
 many other Things of Note are. 
 
 The Golden Tetrapyium.] Gylliiis quotes an 
 unknown Author who will have this Tetrapyium 
 to have been a Quadrangle with Portico's round 
 it, having Four Gates, and was formerly call'd 
 ^ladriviiDn. The hatines call it a 'Stadium. But 
 there's no fuch Place to be found in the Wards 
 of the City, unlefs it be the Stadium in the 
 Fourth Ward, which is omitted in the Summa- 
 ry View of the City. Ccdnmis, in his Life of 
 heo Magnus, mentions this Tetrapyium. Eva- 
 grius in the twenty eighth Chapter of his third 
 Book tells us, that it was built by the Senator 
 Mammianus, in the Reign of Zeno. He built, 
 fays he, two ftately Portico s of exquilite Work- 
 manfliip, and beautify'd them with a neat gloily 
 Marble. As to the Tetrapyium built by Mam- 
 miatius, there are not, as Gyllius tells us, the 
 leafl Remains of it. Victor writes, that there 
 was a Pentapylum in the tenth Ward of Rome. 
 
 The Augufleum.] This was the Forum of 
 Augujlus. 
 
 The Capitol^ At Rome, as ViBor writes, 
 there were twos the old and the new Capitol. 
 
 The Mint, or Treafury^ There was no fuch 
 Place at Rome, 
 
 Three 
 
jS ^Descrption*?/ 
 
 T'hree Gradus by the Sea-Shore.'] There were 
 no fuch Stairs at Rome, yet they had their Lakes^ 
 their Naval Fights, &c. 
 
 The City is reported to have had twenty three 
 Gates. Laonicus Chalcondyles, in his Hiftory of 
 the Ottomans, tells us, that Confiantinople con- 
 tains in compafs a hundred and eleven Furlongs, 
 which is more than thirteen Italian Miles. 'Tis 
 generally thought to be eighteen Miles in Cir- 
 cumference. Befides the foremention'd Curiofi- 
 ties, Conjia?2tinople has been famous for the Jque- 
 duB of Hadrian, which furnifh'd the Palace, 
 the Nymphea, and the Bagnio's with a Sufficien- 
 cy of Waters, as T'heodojius mentions in a Letter 
 to Cyrus, PrefeB of the City. The Bagnios of 
 Achilles are alfo mention'd by him, where he 
 fays, that thefe Bagnios were fupply'd with Wa- 
 ter convey 'd into them from the faid AqiieduB 
 by leaden Pipes. Cedri?2us fays, that thefe Bag- 
 7iio's were built near the Strategium, and took 
 their Name from an Altar, which was dedica- 
 ted to Ajax and Achilles : And Ca/Jiodori/s relates, 
 that the Fire, which happen'd in the Reign of 
 ConJla?itine the Great, burnt down the City, as 
 far as the Bagnio's of Adoilles, 
 
 Some 
 
the Wards of the Gty, 59 
 
 Some Account of the Suburbs as they 
 are mention' dm the Codes and Law- 
 Books. 
 
 IjRoccpms tells us, in his firfl Book de Mdif, 
 * yuftin. that the Hepdomum was one Part 
 of the Suburbs of Conjlantimple. Jiijiinian^ fays 
 he, built another Church dedicate to St. T^heodo- 
 ra in a Place call'd the Hepdomiwi^ which in the 
 Greek fignifies the Seventh. Zonaras^ in the Life 
 of Phocas, mentions the fame Thing, as does alfo 
 Cedrinus in the Life of Arcadiiis and yuftin^ 
 with many others. In this Place were many 
 Laws enad:edj and Zonaras writes, that 'Theodo- 
 fius the Great built a Church there, in Honour 
 of St. John Bapfiji, Gyllius fays, that 'tis at 
 prefent enclos'd within the Walls of the City, 
 that it ilands upon the fixth Hill, and that 'tis 
 call'd Hepdomum^ or Seventh, as denoting the 
 Number of the Suburbs of the City. 
 
 The Blacherns.] This is another Part of the 
 Suburbs, mention'd by yuftinian in his 151^^ 
 Nov. where he fays, that Hierius bequeath'd by 
 Will to his Son Antherniiis the Suburbs in the 
 Blcichernce, Zonaras writes, that Pidcheria, the 
 Siller of Theodofim the Lefs, built a Church to 
 the Bluffed Virgin in this Place, which, as Froco- 
 pirn tells us, was repair'd by Juflinian. Cedri^ 
 nus obferveSj that the Emperor Jufiin^ Nephew 
 
 • . ■ of 
 
6o ^Description^/ 
 
 of 'Jufiinian^ enlarg'd It with two Arches. Bul^ 
 das reports, that Anajlafius the Emperor built 
 there a large T^ricliiiium^ and T^iherius a Bagn'iOy 
 as Zonaras writes. It took its Name of the Bla- 
 chernce, as GylUiis beheves, upon the Authority 
 of Dionyfms a Byzantian Writer, from fome 
 Perfon, who was formerly a kind of a petty 
 King there. It was fituate near the Sea, in the 
 Place, as Nicephorus obferves in his 15^"^ Book 
 Chap. 25'^'' of his Eccl. Hiji. where Leo the Great 
 built a Church to the Virgin Mary. 
 
 The Monajlery of Studius was another Part 
 of the Suburbs of CoJiJiaiitinople^ in which, as 
 yujiinia7i obferves, in his 6"^'^ Chap. Novel 59''', 
 w^as kept a large Bier, for the Burial of the 
 Dead. The following Account is given of Stu- 
 dius by Nicephorus, in his 15^'' Book, Chap. 25''^ 
 of his Ecclef. Hiji. An eminent Citizen- oiRome, 
 fays he, nam'd Studius, came from thence to 
 Conjlantinople, where he built a Church to the 
 Memory of St. 'fohn Baptift, and that divine Ser- 
 vice might be celebrated there with more De- 
 cency and Solemnity, he took fome Monks out 
 of the Monaftery of the 'A)co/^);7o', who were fa 
 call'd, becaufe fome of them were always "waking 
 to attend divine Worfliip. The heavenly-minded 
 Marcellinus built them a Monaftery, in which 
 they continually fang Hymns to God, their So- 
 ciety being divided into three Tribes for that 
 Purpofe. Thus far Nicephorus, Upon this Occa- 
 fion Studius was made Conful, as appears by an 
 Infcription over the Gate of his own Monaitery, 
 which runs thus : 
 
the Wards of theCtfy, 61 
 
 'fhis Pyle was rats' d by Studius' bounteous Hand: 
 Great ABions greateji Honours Jhould command. 
 In jiifl AcknowledgfJient, the grateful Town, 
 Repay d the Founder with a Conful's Gown. 
 
 This happen'd in the Reign of Leo the Empe- 
 ror, 
 
 The Coparia, as is plain from the 159^^ Nov. 
 ofjufiinian, was another Part of the Suburbs, 
 and was bequeath'd, as appears by the Codicil of 
 Hierius's Will to his Niece. 
 
 There was alfo another Part of the Suburbs 
 in the Promontory of the Creek of Sojihejiium, 
 which was formerly in the PofTeffion of Arda- 
 burus^ General of the Army to Theodofus the 
 Lefs. The Right of it afterwards came to Hie^ 
 riuSj who was FrcefeBus Frcetorio, or General 
 of the Life-Guard to the Emperor Zeno. Nice- 
 phorus in the 50^^ Chap, of his 7''! Book of 'Reel. 
 Hijl. gives this Reafon why it was call'd Sojlhe- 
 nium, 'Tis recorded, fays he, that the Argonauts 
 of Greece^ when they arriv'd here, began to plun- 
 der the Countrey, but were defeated by Af?iycus, 
 who was then Governor of the Place, and being 
 difpers'd, they wander'd about till they came to a 
 woody unhofpitable Place, where they took fhel- 
 ter in a large Thicket of Trees; that in this Ca- 
 lamity Virtue came down to them from Heaven 
 in a human Shape, having Wings like an Eagle, 
 and by her Oracle foretold, that if they would 
 venture another Battle, they fhould conquer 
 Amyc'us. Dired:ed by this Advice, they engag'd 
 rhem again, obtain'd an entire Vidlory over them, 
 
 (lew 
 
6z ^ Description^/ 
 
 flew him, and all his Forces i and that to exprefs 
 their Gratitude to the Vifion^ they built a Tem- 
 ple, and erected a Statue to her, in the Shape 
 fhe appear 'd to them, which gave the Place the 
 Name of Sojihenhun^ becaufe they fecurd them- 
 felves by the fecond Battle. 
 
 Bytharium, or Phllotheum.] This was alfo ano- 
 ther Part of the Suburbs^ and is mention'd as fuch 
 in 159^^ A^o'u. of Jujtinian. 
 
 The Fort a Veneta is mentioned hy P roc opins 
 in his Hijlory of the Perfian War -, who, fpeaking 
 of fome military Officer, tells us, that when he 
 came to the Porta Veneta^ which ftands on the 
 Right Hand of the Palace, he halted and deter- 
 min'd to march to Hypaliwn. This Gate feems 
 to take its Name from the Suburbs call'd in Ve- 
 netis, probably becaufe the Venetian FaBion, a 
 Company of Chariot-Racers drefs'd in Sky- 
 colour d Cloths, dwelt there. 
 
 Procopius alfo takes Notice of the Fontichium 
 by the Ferry, and alfo of the Rufniatia, as two 
 other Parts of the Suburbs. Thefe Places he 
 mentions in his i''^ Book of the Perfian JVar-^ as 
 does alfo Sozomen in the 21^^ Chap. Book the 8*^^. 
 
 Of the prefent Buildings of Conftanti- 
 noplc. 
 
 f^TlUus aflures us, that the whole City, at pre- 
 ^-^ fent, is under a vifible Decay, as to its 
 Buildings; that the Houfes are low and mean, 
 
 and 
 
the Wards of the City, 6^ 
 
 and that there's little or nothing to be feen of its 
 ancient Beauty and Magnificence, except in a 
 few of their Bajhas Houfes, their MofqueSy their 
 Bagnio's^ and their Caravan/era s, which are all 
 very noble Buildings, and are as follows. 
 
 There are at lead three hundred Mofgues 
 built with Marble, covered vyith Lead, and fhin- 
 ing with gloffy marble Pillars 
 
 There are above a hundred publick Bagjiio's, 
 both for Men and Women, vhich are very fpa- 
 
 C10U3. 
 
 There are alfo about the fane Number of C^- 
 ra^'janjera s 'y the moil emineit of which are 
 adorn'd with Fountains, which are conftantly 
 fupply'd with Water from the Fslds adjoining the 
 Suburbs J and which alfo fupply he whole City. 
 

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