EX BIBLIOTHECA 
 FRANCES A. YATES 
 
l-ibmr^ of ©lb Hutbors* 
 
4 
 
HOMER'S BATRACHOMYOMACHIA, 
 
 HYMNS AND EPIGRAMS. 
 
 HESIOD'S WORKS AND DAYS. 
 MUSJEUS' HERO AND LEANDER. 
 JUVENAL'S FIFTH SATIRE. 
 
 TRANSLATED 
 
 BY GEOEGE CHAPMAN. 
 
 WITH INTRODUCTION AND NOTES, 
 BY THE 
 
 REV. RICHARD HOOPER, M.A., 
 
 VICAR OF UPTON AND ASION UPTHORPE, BERKS. 
 
 SECOND EDITION, 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED A GLOSSARIAL INDEX TO THE WHOLE OF 
 
 chapman's classical translations. 
 
 LONDON: 
 JOHN RUSSELL SMITH. 
 1888. 
 
THE GETTY CEHTER 
 
TO 
 
 SAMUEL WELLER SIXGER, ESQ., F.S.A. 
 
 THROUGH WHOSE LABOURS 
 THE EDITOR WAS INTRODUCED 
 TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF 
 
 GEORGE CHAPMAN AND HIS WORKS, 
 THIS VOLUME IS INSCRIBED. 
 
ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 In accordance with a promise made in the Adver- 
 tisement to the Second Edition of Chapman's 
 Odyssey, the Editor here adds a Glossarial Index 
 to the whole of Chapman's Classical Translations, 
 which he trusts will give a valuable completeness 
 to a set of volumes which appear to have established 
 themselves in public favour. 
 
 Upton, Berks, 
 
 May 12, 1888. 
 
 vii 
 
IXTRODUCTIOX. 
 
 T length, reader, yoii have the fifth, and 
 conchiding, vohime of George Chapman's 
 Translations. Besides its literary value, 
 it is a bibliographical curiosity; and I 
 cannot permit it to appear without expressing my ad- 
 miration of the spirit and enterprise of the Publisher. 
 He has spared no expense in endeavouring to give to 
 the world, for the first time, a complete collection of the 
 labours of one of the greatest Translators of the EHza- 
 bethan period. Hitherto Chapman's Translations, from 
 their rarity, were known to a few only, and were sup- 
 posed by the multitude to be so antiquated— na}^ ob- 
 solete—and obscure, as to be hardly worth the labour of 
 searcli. I trust, now that they are within the reach of 
 all, tliat it will be found that they are of genuine value ; 
 and amongst tlie noblest monuments of a pre-eminently 
 great age. I am quite sensible of their many defects — 
 nay, I am free to confess tliat they are frequently harsh 
 and rugged ; but at the same time, as I have carefully 
 read through tlie originals with them, I am wonderfully 
 struck with tlieir many exquisite beauties. When I 
 iirst saw tlie sentence of William Godwin, that "the 
 
viii 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 Translation of Homer, publislied Lv George Chapman 
 in the reigns of Q. Elizaljetli and K. flames, is one of 
 the greatest treasures the Knrjlish lam/uar/e has to hoast,'^ 
 I confess I was inclined to demnr ; hut when I attentively 
 read it, and marked the spirit, the roughness and sim- 
 plicity, the singular sweetness of the epithets, the 
 richness of the language in many of the lines, the grand- 
 eur of many of the scenes, and when I compared these 
 with Pope, Cowper, and 8othel)y, and with the new 
 translation by Professor F. W. Newman (whose metre, 
 by the bye, liowever adapted for short passages, sadly 
 wearies in a long perusal*^), I could not but be impressed 
 with the superiority of Chapman, and not only with 
 his work as a representation of the Homeric mind, but 
 as a most valuable contribution to our En<^lisli poetry. 
 
 I am sometimes inclined to think tliat his readers are 
 not apt to realize (to use a modern term) the metre of 
 his Iliads, that it is in truth simply our common ballad- 
 metre. I am quite conscious that he has not a com- 
 plete mastery over it — such, for instance, as Arthur 
 Golding has in his "Ovid's Metamorphoses'' — but still 
 if we would read his long lines throughout as two — ^tlius : 
 
 John Gilpin was a citizen, of credit and renown ; 
 
 A trained-band captain eke was he, of famous London town 'y 
 
 the measure would soon accustom itself to our ear, and 
 we should see, with Lamb, that it is "capable of all 
 sweetness and grandeur," and that " Chapman gallops off 
 with you his own free pace, t^c." That Chapman re- 
 quires study, I consider one of his merits. So do all our 
 best old writers. It is this study that makes them 
 
 * Mr. Newman's version may be accurate and valuable, but 
 we can hardly call it poetical. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ix 
 
 valuable, tliat instils into its tlieir nerve and vigour, that 
 enal>les us to draw from them fresliness and health in 
 ideas and language. But it must not be supposed that 
 I wish to offer an apology or defence for good old George. 
 He is perfectly able to defend himself ; and the reader 
 must beware lest (as hearty Christopher I^ortli warns 
 him) he rouse the ghost of Master Chapman, who will 
 assuredly call him "a certain envious windsucker, that 
 hovers up and down, laboriously engrossing all the air 
 witli liis luxurious ambition, and buzzing into every ear 
 my detraction" — and again, ''a castrill with too hot a 
 liver, and lust after his own glory, and, to devour all 
 himself, discouraging all appetites to the fame of an- 
 other.""^ But as I have spoken so much on this sub- 
 ject in the " Introductions " to the Iliad and Odyssey, it 
 is time to return to the present volume. 
 
 It is a bibliographical curiosity, inasmuch as all the 
 pieces in it are of more or less rarity. Chapman seems 
 to have been determined to translate every possible, or 
 probal)le, portion of Homer. Hence, having finished 
 the Iliad and Odyssey, he pubHshed " The Growne of 
 all Homers Workes, Batrachomyomarliia ; or the 
 Battaile of Frogs and Mise. His Hyrnnes and Epi- 
 r/rmns. Translated according to the originall, hy 
 George Chapman, London, Printed hy John Bill,, 
 his Maiestie's Priyiter,''j This very rare volume is a 
 thin folio, the contents of which are here presented to 
 the reader. It has an exquisitely engraved title, by 
 William Pass ; of which Ave have endeavoured to give a 
 
 * See Preface to Iliads, pp. Lxvii-viii. 
 t He considers it his destiny,— 
 
 The work that I was born to do is done ! 
 
X 
 
 INTRODUCTION, 
 
 facsimile. It is not necessary to inquire into the authen- 
 ticity of the (so-styled) Homeric Hymns. It will be 
 sufficient to inform the reader that Chapman is the only 
 writer who has translated the whole of tlie works ascribed 
 to Homer. 
 
 The original folio has been entirely followed in the 
 present edition. Copies are now only to be purchased 
 by those who can indulge in the luxuries of literature, 
 if books of extreme rarity may be so called. Of this 
 folio, a LARGE PAPER copy is in the Archiepiscopal 
 Library at Lambeth ; tlie only one I have seen. Messrs. 
 Boone of Bond Street, whose collection of fine books is 
 as well known as the liberality with which they com- 
 municate information on them, have permitted me to 
 transcribe a dedication, in Chapman's autograph, from 
 a beautiful copy in their possession (since sold). It is 
 as follows : — " In love ^ honor of if Righte virtuouse 
 and icorthie Gent : Henry Reynolds, and to crowne 
 all his deservings with eternall memorie, Geo. Chaptnan 
 formes this Crowne & conclusion of all the Homericall 
 meritts tc^^^ his accomplisht Improvertmits ; advising 
 that if at first sight e he seeme darcke or too fierie, He 
 icill yet holde him, fast (like Proteus) till he appere in 
 Ms propper similitude, and he ivill then shewe himself e 
 
 — vatem egregium, cui non cit puhlica vena. 
 Qui nihil expositiim soleat deducere ; nec qui 
 Communi ferial carmen triviale monetcV^* 
 
 This book has been wrongly described in a former 
 " Introduction," as having a presentation Sonnet, Chap- 
 man has wdth his pen made an alteration in his portrait, 
 as possessing too much beard ; and in the Preface, in 
 
 * Juvenal. Sat. vii. 53. 
 
INTRODUCTION xi 
 
 the passage ^^all for devouring a mouse," lie writes 
 droivninrj ; and in the final Poem (line 17) for 
 
 All is extuberance and excretion all, 
 he reads " and tumor all." 
 
 The date of the foHo is probably about 1624. In the 
 year 1818, my friend Mr. Singer^ (to whom I dedicate 
 this volume with the sincerest gratification) published 
 an elegant edition of these Hymns, &c. at Chiswick. It 
 contained two fine original poems by Chapman (first 
 printed 1594) entitled ''The SJiadowe of Night: con- 
 taining two poetical hymnes, devised by G. C. Gent,''' 
 It formed one of Mr. Singer's series of " Select Early 
 English Poets," and has long since been numbered 
 amongst scarce books, as but a limited impression was 
 given. The original edition of " The Shadoice of Night " 
 is very rare. 
 
 The version of the " Georgics of Hesiod " was so dif- 
 ficult to find in Warton's time, that he doubted its ex- 
 istence, (see Hist, of English Poetry, iii. 360. ed. 1840,) 
 although he discovered its entry in the Stationers' Ee- 
 gisters. It is a small 4to. of 40 pp. As may be pre- 
 sumed from its extreme rarity, its price is usually A'ery 
 
 * I avail myself of this opportunity of congratulating 
 this veteran in Elizabethan Literature on his having lived to 
 see the day wl)en all Chapman's Translations have been re- 
 published. His many reprints of earh^ books (all testifying, 
 by the eagerness with which they are sought, to his ability and 
 accuracy) led the public to look back to oursterling old writers. 
 Nor should we forget that JMr. Singer was the associate of Sir 
 Egerton Brydges, Haslewood, and others, who loved these 
 writers when they were comparatively unknown. Mr. Singer 
 expressed a wish in the preface to the above-cited work, ''that 
 sufficient encouragement might be given to print Chapman's 
 entire translation of Homer in a compressed and unostenta- 
 tious portable form." 
 
xii ' INTRODUCTION. 
 
 great. A good copy may be Avorth ten guineas ; it has 
 reached eighteen. The largest I have seen is that in 
 the Malone Collection in the Bodleian. There is a fair 
 one in the General Library of the Britisli Museum ; 
 that in the Grenville (as has my own) has been much 
 injured by the binder cutting into the notes, which are 
 in the margin. Of this work, which is sadly misprinted 
 in the original 4to., the present edition is the first reprint; 
 and I have spared no pains to make it as accurate as 
 possible. Its value as a Translation has been acknow- 
 ledged by our best Translator of Hesiod, Elton. I 
 trust, both from its rarity, and its intrinsic merits, it will 
 be found an acceptable addition to the present volume. 
 The title is a facsimile of the original edition. 
 
 The " Hero and Leander " of Musseus is perhaps one of 
 the rarest hooks in the whole range of English Literature, 
 I have never heard of an}^ copy but that in the Bodleian 
 Library at Oxford ; and I presume it to be unique. 
 Dr. Bliss has given a full account of this very diminutive 
 volume in vol. ii. col. 9. of his edition of Wood's 
 "Athenae Oxonienses." It is about two inches long, 
 and one broad. I most carefully transcribed it, and 
 ticice visited Oxford to ensure the accuracy of this re- 
 print. Chapman, it will be remembered, had continued 
 ]\Iarlow's poem on the same subject ; but this is a trans- 
 lation from the Greek of (the so-called) Musseus. The 
 original edition being so extremely small, the lines are 
 printed thus : — 
 
 *' Goddess, relate 
 
 The witnesse-bearing light 
 Of loves, that would not beare 
 
 A human sight. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 The sea-man 
 
 That transported marriages, 
 Shipt in the night, 
 
 His bosom ploughing the seas." 
 
 The title prefixed to this present edition is a facsimile 
 (in a larger size) of the original. 
 
 The translation of the Fifth Satire of Juvenal is ap- 
 pended to "A Justification of a Strange action of Nero 
 in huryiiuj ivith a solemne Funeral! one of the cast 
 hayres of his Mistress Poppma ; also a just Reproofe 
 of a Romane Srnellfeast, heinr/ the fifth Satyre of Juve- 
 nall.'' 4to. 1629. The Tract was not worth reprinting. 
 The Juvenal has been given to complete Chapman's 
 Classical Translations. It is very scarce, and fetches 
 a high price. 
 
 Thus, reader, are you preseiited with this Chapmanni 
 garland of rarities. In your hands I leave them. 
 
 By the usual kindness of J. Payne Collier, Esq. I am 
 enabled to give a copy of the Sonnet to Sir Thomas 
 Walsingham, prefixed to one or two copies of Chap- 
 man's ''All Fools." (See Odyssey, p. xxii.) It is 
 printed verbatim. 
 
 TO MY LONG LOUT) AND HONOURABLE FRIEND, 
 SIR THOMAS WALSINGHAM, KNIGHT. 
 
 Should I expose to euery common eye, 
 
 The least allow'd birth of my shaken braine ; 
 
 And not entitle it perticulerly 
 
 To 3'our acceptance, I were %\'urse then vaine. 
 
 And though I am most loth to passe your sight 
 with any such liglit marke of vanitie. 
 
xiv 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Being markt with Age for Aimes of greater weight, 
 and drownd in darke Death-A'shering melanchol}', 
 Yet least by others stealth it be imprest, 
 
 without my pasport, patch t with others wit. 
 Of two enforst ills I elect the least ; 
 and so desire your loue Avill censure it ; 
 
 Though my old fortune keepe me still obscure, 
 The light shall still bewra}^ my ould loue sure. 
 
 The reader is requested to correct the following 
 ''Faults escaped," before perusing the volume. 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 i]PISTLE Dedicatory xxi. 
 
 The Batrachomyomachia 1 
 
 Hymn to Apollo ... 18 
 
 Hymn to Hermes 46 
 
 First Hymn to Venus 79 
 
 Second Hymn to Venus 95 
 
 Bacchus or the Pirates 96 
 
 Hymn to Mars 100 
 
 to Diana 101 
 
 Third Hymn to Venus 102 
 
 Hymn to Pallas 102 
 
 to Juno 103 
 
 to Ceres 103 
 
 toOybele 103 
 
 to Hercules 104 
 
 to J^sculapius .» . . . • 105 
 
 to Castor and Pollux . . . 105 
 
 to Mercury 1^^ 
 
 to Pan 
 
 to Vulcan ^^^^ 
 
 to Phoebus ^^^^ 
 
 to Neptune .' 110 
 
 to Jove 
 
 to Vesta 
 
 to the Muses and Apollo 
 
 Hi 
 
 IL- 
 
 to Bacchus 
 
 to Diana 
 
 Pflllns 
 
 .... 11 
 
 to Vesta and Mercury 
 
 To Earth 
 
 b 
 
xviii 
 
 CONTENTS, 
 
 Page 
 
 Hymn to the Sun 118 
 
 to the Moon 119 
 
 to Castor and Pollux 120 
 
 to Men of Hospitality 121 
 
 EPIGRAMS AND OTHER POEMS. 
 
 ToCuma 122 
 
 In his Return to Cuma 122 
 
 Upon the Sepulchre of Midus 123 
 
 Cuma, refusing to eternize their State, &c 123 
 
 An Essay of his begun Iliads 125 
 
 To Thestor's Son inquisitive about the Causes of Things . 125 
 
 To Neptune 125 
 
 To the City of Erythraia . 126 
 
 To Mariners 126 
 
 The Pine 127 
 
 To Glaucus 128 
 
 Against the Samian Ministress or Nun ....... 128 
 
 Written on the Council Chamber 129 
 
 The Furnace called in to sing by Potters 129 
 
 Eiresione, or the Olive Branch 131 
 
 To Certain Fisher-Boys pleasing him with Riddles . . . 132 
 
 The Translator's Epilogue 133 
 
 END OF THE TRANSLATIONS OF HOMER. 
 
 The Georgics of Hesiod 137 
 
 Hesiod's Book of Days 201 
 
 The Hero and Leander of Musseus 207 
 
 The Fifth Satire of Juvenal 237 
 
FAULTS ESCAPED. 
 
 Hymn to Venus, 1. 121, place comma after past, and destroy 
 it after heast in next line. P. 136, 1. 10, destroy comma after 
 nostrorum, 
 
 Hesiod, p. 172, notes, 1. 2, read partum; p. 178, 1. 1, after 
 hir'd place semicolon ; p. 184, notes, 1. 5, for bother r. brother; 
 p. 186, 1. 5, after Hellenians place semicolon; p. 188, 1. 6, put 
 comma after observing, and destroy it after remain; p. 189, 1. 4, 
 destroy comma after beds ; p. 191, 1. 4, r. seasons'. 
 
 Musjsus, in title jjut full-stop after originall; 1. 29, then Love, 
 is the true reading in the original, therefore destroy note ; 198, 
 r. earthly; 234, for should speed, r. shall; 244, r. " At last this 
 sweet voice past, and out did break;" 259, for loose to scandal, 
 V. friend; annotations, p. 235, last line but two, r. tarn for jam, 
 
 ADDITIONAL NOTES. 
 
 Batrachomyomachia, line 100, for thither the true reading 
 is doubtless tK other^ notwithstanding the authority of the folio. 
 
 Hymn to Hermes, 442, shrouds, i. e. recesses, see line 695. 
 
 Hesiod. In consequence of Chapman's own notes being so 
 numerous, I was unwilling to interpolate explanations of words, 
 (save here and there), but the following may be noted. 
 
 Drayton's Introd. Poem, line 1, fraught, i. e. freight. 5, I 
 print travell, as it is in the original, as it may bear either 
 meaning of travail or travel. Bk. i. 570, rode, I do not remem- 
 ber the word, but, if genuine, it would appear to mean supplt/. 
 Bk. II. Ill, clanges; the original 4to. has changes, but Chapman 
 twice uses the word clanges for the cry of the crane, see Jliad, 
 HI. 5, X. 244. 310, horn'd ho use bearer— mail. 382, imp — add 
 to, assist. A term in falconry, when a new feather is inserted 
 in place of a broken one. 
 
 In Chapman's Iliad, v. 498-9, occur the words dites and 
 diters in reference to winnowing. Nares gives them in his 
 Glossary citing Chapman as the onl}- authority. It will be 
 found, however, that the word is nothing more than dights. 
 See Hesiod, Georgics, Bk. ii. 343, and Days, 67. 
 
TO MY EVER MOST-WORTHY-TO-BEIMOST 
 HONOURED LORD, 
 THE EARL OF SOMERSET, &c. 
 
 I OT forc\l by fortune, but since your free 
 mind 
 
 (Made by afflirtion) rests in clioice re- 
 sign d. 
 
 To calm retreat, laid quite beneath the loind 
 Of (jrace and (jlory, I well Imoin, my Lord, 
 You tvouhl not be entitled to a 'word 
 That mi(fht a thought remove, from, your repose, 
 To thunder and spit flames, as greatness does, 
 For all the trumps that still tell where he goes. 
 Of which trumps Dedication being one, 
 Methinl's I see you start to hear it blown. 
 
 But this is no such trump as summons lords 
 ^Gainst Envi/s steel to draw their leaden swords, 
 Or Against haredip)p\l Detraction, Contempt, 
 All which from all resistance stand exempt. 
 It being as hard to sever wrong from merit, 
 As meat-indued from blood, or blood from spirit. 
 Nor in the spirifs chariot rides the soul 
 In bodies chaste, ivith more divine control, 
 
xxii THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 
 
 Nor virtue shines more in a lovely face^ 
 Than tme desert is stuck off with disgrace. 
 Ami therefore Ti^uth itself, that had to bless 
 The merit of it all, Almightiness, 
 Would not protect it from the bane and, ban 
 Of all moods most distraught and Stygian ; 
 As counting it the crown of all desert, 
 Borne to heaven, to take of earth, no part 
 Of false joy here, for joys-there-endless troth, 
 Nor sell his birthright for a mess of broth. 
 But stay and still sustain, and his bliss bring. 
 Like to the hatching of the blackthorn's spring. 
 With bitter frosts, and smarting hailstorms, forth. 
 Fates love bees' labours ; only Pain croion's Worth. 
 This Dedication calls no greatness, then. 
 To patron this greatness-creating pen, 
 Nor you to add to your dead, calm a breath. 
 For those arm'd angels, that in spite of death 
 Inspired those flow' rs that wrought this Poet's tvreath, 
 Shall keep it ever. Poesy's steepest star. 
 As in Earth's flaming walls. Heaven's sevenfold Car, 
 From all the wilds of Neptune's wat'ry sphere. 
 For ever guards the Erymanthian bear. 
 
 Since then your Lordship settles in your shade 
 A life retir'd, and no retreat is made 
 But to some strength, (for else 'tis no retreat, 
 But rudely running from your battlers heat) 
 I give this as your strength; your strength, my Lord, 
 In counsels and examples, that afford 
 More guard than whole hosts of corporeal powW, 
 And more deliverance teach the fatal hour. 
 
 Turn not your med'cine then to your disease, 
 
THE 
 
 CROWNE of all HOMER'SWORKES, 
 Batrachomyomachia ; 
 
 OR, 
 
 The Battaile of Frogs and Mile. 
 
 HIS HYMNES AND EPIGRAMS. 
 
 Tranjlated according to Originall 
 By George Chapman. 
 
 London : 
 
 Printed by lohn Bill, /^/^ MAIESTIE'S Printer, 
 
THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY, xxv 
 
 ^Gainst vMcli^ thorn )h far from hence ^ through all your 
 rears, 
 
 Have fires prepar'^d ; vnsdoni with tvisdom Jfanic, 
 
 And all your forces range in present ranh ; 
 
 Retiring as you now fought in your strength, 
 
 From all the force laid, in time's iitwost length, ^'^^ 
 
 To charge, and hasely come on you behind. 
 
 The doctrine of all which you here shall find, 
 
 And. in the true glass of a human mind. 
 
 Your Odysses, the body letting see 
 
 All Ms life past, through infelicity, 
 
 And manage of it all. hi which to friend. 
 
 The full Muse brings you both the prime and end 
 
 Of all arts ambient in the orb of man ; 
 
 Which never darkness most Cimmerian 
 
 Can give eclipse, since, blind, he all things saic, 
 
 And to all ever since liv\l lord and laic. 
 
 And though our mere-learn\l men, and modern wise, 
 
 Taste not poor Poesy's ingenuities, 
 
 Being crusted with their covetous leprosies, 
 
 But hold her pains icorse than the spiders' worl', 
 
 Ami lighter than the shadotv of a cork. 
 
 Yet th' ancient learn'd, heat with celestial fire, 
 
 Affirms her flames so sacred and entire, 
 
 That not without God's greatest grace she can 
 
 Fall in the loid'st capacity of man. 
 
 If yet the vile soul of this verminoiis time 
 Love more the sale-muse, and the squirrel's chime, 
 Than this fidl sjyhere of poesy's sweetest prime, 
 Give them unenvied their vain vein and vent, 
 
 i-'^ Ub non sine maximo favore Dei comparari qneat. 
 
 PlATONIS in lONE. 
 
xxvi THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY, 
 
 And rest your vdngs in his approved ascent 
 That yet toas never reached, nor ever fell 
 Into afections bought with things that sell, 
 Being the swi's Jioiifr, and ivrapt so in his sky 
 He cannot yield to every candles eye. 
 
 Whose most xoorthy discoveries, to your lordship^-^ 
 judicial perspective, in most subdue humility 
 submit teth, 
 
 GEORGE CHAPMAN. 
 
 NOTE. 
 
 On this Epistle Dedicator}-, Coleridge remarks: '* Chap- 
 man's identification of his fate with Homer's, and his complete 
 forgetfulness of the distinction between Christianity and idol- 
 atry, under the «jeneral feeling of some religion, is very in- 
 teresting. It is amusing to observe, how familiar Chapman's 
 fancy has become with Homer, his life and circumstances, 
 though the very existence of any such individual, at least with 
 regard to the Iliad and H^'mns, is more than problematic." 
 
THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 
 
 By your too set and slight repulse of these, 
 The adjuncts of your matchless Odysses ; 
 Since on that wisest mind of man relies 
 Refuge from all life's infelicities, 
 
 Nat* sing these such division from them, 
 But that these spin the thread of the same stream 
 From one self distaff's stuff' ; for Poesy's pen, 
 Through all themes, is f inform the lives of men ; 
 All whose retreats need strengths of all degrees ; 
 Without ivhich, had you even Herculean knees, 
 Your foes' fresh charges ivould at length prevail, 
 To leave your noblest suff'' ranee no least sail. 
 Strength then the ohject is of all retreats ; 
 Strength needs no friends' trust ; strength your foes 
 defeats. 
 
 Retire to strength, then, of eternal things. 
 And y'are eternal ; for our knoioing springs 
 Flow into those things that we truly knoio. 
 Which being eternal, loe are render'd so. 
 And though your high-fix' d light pass infinite far 
 Th' adviceful guide of my still-trembling star. 
 Yet hear what my discharg'd piece must foretel, 
 Standing your poor and perdue sentinel. 
 Kings may perhaps tvish even your beggar' s-voice 
 To their eternities, how scorn'd a choice 
 Soever noio it lies : and {dead) I may 
 Extend your life to light's extremest ray. 
 If not, your Homer yet past doubt shall make 
 Immortal, like himself, your bounty's stake 
 Put in my hands, to propagate your fame ; 
 Such virtue reigns in such united name. 
 Retire to him then for advice, and skill. 
 
xxiv THE EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 
 
 To know things calVd worsts best ; and best, most ill. 
 
 Which knoivn, truths best choose, and retire to still. 
 
 And as our English general^ {whose name 
 
 Shall equal interest find in tK house of fame 
 
 With all Earth's greafst commanders,) in retreat 
 
 To Belgian Gant, stood all Spain's armies' heat 
 
 By Parma led, though but one thousand strong : 
 
 Three miles together thmsting through the throng 
 
 Of th' enemy's horse, still pouring on their fall 
 
 ^Twixt him and home, and, thunder' d tJt rough them all 
 
 The Gallic Monsieur standing on the wall, 
 
 And roond'ring at his dreadful discipline, 
 
 Fir'd luith a valour that spit spirit divine ; 
 
 In five battallions ranging all his men, 
 
 BristVd with pikes, and fiank'd. toith fi ankers ten ; 
 
 Gave fire still in his rear ; retir'd, and lorough t 
 
 Down to his fix'd strength still ; retir'd and, fought ; 
 
 All the battallions of the enemy's horse 
 
 Storming upon him still their fieriest force ; 
 
 Charge upon charge laid fresh ; he, fresh as day, 
 
 Repulsing all, and forcing glorious way 
 
 Into the gates, that gasp'd, (as sicoons for air,) 
 
 And took their life in, with untouch' d repair : — 
 
 So fight out, sweet Earl, your retreat in peace ; 
 
 No ope-war equals that where jmvy jyrease 
 
 Of never-number' d odds of enemy, 
 
 Arm'd all by envy, in blind amhush lie, 
 
 To rush out like an opening threatning sky, 
 
 Broke all in meteors round about your ears. 
 
 A simile illustrating the most renowned service of Gene 
 Norris in his retreat before Gant, never before made saci 
 to memory. — Chapman. 
 
THE OCCASION OF THIS IMPOSED 
 CROWXE. 
 
 FTER this not only Prime of Poets, but 
 Philosophers, had written his two great 
 poems of Iliads and Odysseys; which (for 
 their first lights horn before all learning) 
 were worthily called the Sun and Moon of the Earth ; 
 finding no compensation, he writ in contempt of men 
 this ridiculous poem of Vermin, giving them nobility of 
 birth, valorous elocution not inferior to his heroes. At 
 which the Gods themselves, put in amaze, called councils 
 al)Out their assistance of either army, and the justice of 
 their quarrels, even to the mounting of Jove's artillery 
 against them, and discharge of his three-forked flashes ; 
 and all for the drowning* of a mouse. After which 
 slight and only recreative touch, he betook him seriously 
 to the honour of the Gods, in Hymns resounding all 
 their peculiar titles, jurisdictions, and dignities ; which 
 he illustrates at all parts, as he had been continually 
 conversant amongst them; and whatsoever authentic 
 Poesy he omitted in the episodes contained in his Iliads 
 and Odysseys, he comprehends and concludes in his 
 * This is Chapman's MS. correction for devouring in the folio. 
 
xxviii 
 
 Hymns and Epigrams. All his observance and honour 
 of the Gods, rather moved their envies against him, than 
 their rewards, or respects of his endeavours. And so 
 like a man veremndi irujenii (which he witnesseth of 
 himself) he lived unhonoured and needy till his death ; 
 ^nd yet notwithstanding all men's servile and manacled 
 miseries, to his most absolute and never-equalled merit, 
 yea even bursten profusion to imposture and impiety, 
 hear our ever-the-same in tranced, and never-sleeping. 
 Master of the Muses, to liis last accents, incomparably 
 singing. 
 
BATRACHOMYOMACHIA. 
 
 NT'EING the fields, first let my vows 
 call on 
 
 The Muses' whole quire out of Helicon 
 Into my heart, for such a poem's sake. 
 As lately I did in my tables take. 
 
 And put into report upon my knees. ^ 
 
 A fight so fierce, as might in all degrees 
 
 Fit Mars himself, and his tumultuous hand. 
 
 Glorying to dart to th' ears of every land 
 
 Of all the voice-divided ; and to show 
 
 How bravely did both Frogs and Mice bestow 
 
 In glorious fight their forces, even the deeds 
 
 Daring to imitate of Earth's Giant Seeds. 
 
 Thus then men talk'd ; this seed the strife begat : 
 
 The Mouse once dry, and 'scaped the dangerous cat, 
 Drench'd in the neighbour lake her tender beard, 
 To taste the sweetness of the wave it rear'd. 
 
 ^ Intending' men : being divided from all other creatures by 
 the voice ; fj-epoxj/, }>eing a periphrasis, signif3'ing voce divismy 
 of juLeipcj {fxeLpo/uLai) divido, and 6\l/, ottos, vox. — Chapman. 
 
 The notes marked C. are Chapman's. ^ 
 
 A 
 
2 BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A. 
 
 The far-famed Fen-afFecter, seeing him, said : 
 " Ho, stranger ! What are you, and whence, that tread 
 This shore of ours ? Who brought you forth ? Reply 
 What truth may witness, lest I find you lie. 
 If worth fruition of my love and me, 
 I'll have thee home, and hospitality 
 Of feast and gift, good and magnificent. 
 Bestow on thee ; for all this confluent 
 Resounds my royalty ; my name, the great 
 In blown-up-count'nances and looks of threat, 
 ^ Physignathus, adored of all Frogs here 
 All their days' durance, and the empire bear 
 Of all their beings ; mine own being begot 
 
 By royal ^ Peleus, mix'd in nuptial knot 
 
 With fair ^ Hydromedusa, on the bounds 
 
 Xear which Eridanus his race resounds. 
 
 And thee mine eye makes my conceit inclined 
 
 To reckon powerful both in form and mind, 
 
 A sceptre-bearer, and past others far 
 
 Advanc'd in all the fiery fights of war. 
 
 Come then, thy race to my renown commend." 
 
 The Mouse made answer : " Why inquires my friend? 
 
 For what so well know men and Deities, 
 
 And all the wing'd affecters of the skies ? '^^ 
 Psicharpax I am call'd ; ^ Troxartes' seed, 
 
 Surnamed the mighty-minded. She that freed 
 
 Mine eyes from darkness was ^Lichomyle, 
 
 27 a ^va-Lyvados, Genas et buccas injlans. C. 
 
 30 b JirfKevs, qui ex luto nascititr. C. 
 
 31 c'x5po;ae§ouo-a. Aquarum regina. C. 
 
 32 The river Po, in Italy. C. 
 
 41 d \jfi-^oLp7ra^. Gather-crum, or ravish-crum. C. 
 41 e Shear-crust. C. -^^^ ^ Lick-mill. C. 
 
BA TRAGHOMYOMA CHI A, 
 
 3 
 
 King * Ptemotroctes' daughter, showing me, 
 
 Within an aged hovel, the young light, 45 
 
 Fed me with figs and nuts, and all the height 
 
 Of varied viands. But unfold the cause, 
 
 Why, 'gainst similitude's most equal laws 
 
 Observed in friendship, thou niak'st me thy friend 1 
 
 Thy life the waters only help t' extend ; 
 
 Mine, Avhatsoever men are used to eat, 
 
 Takes part with them at shore ; their purest cheat. 
 
 Thrice boulted, kneaded, and subdued in paste, 
 
 In clean round kymnels, cannot be so fast 
 
 From my approaches kept but in I eat ; 
 
 Nor cheesecakes full of finest Indian wheat, 
 
 That crusty-weeds wear, large as ladies' trains ; 
 
 Liverings, white-skinn'd as ladies ; nor the strains 
 
 Of press'd milk, renneted ; nor collops cut 
 
 Fresh from the flitch ; nor junkets, such as put '^^ 
 
 Palates divine in appetite ; nor any 
 
 Of all men's delicates, tliougli ne'er so many 
 
 Their cooks devise them, who each dish see deckt 
 
 With all the dainties all strange soils aff'ect. 
 
 Yet am I not so sensual to fly 
 
 Of fields embattled tlie most fiery cry, 
 
 ^ ^ Bacon-flitch-devourer, or gnawer. C. 
 
 52 Cheat— t\iQ second sort of wheaten bread, according to 
 Halliwell, who has well illustrated the word. See also Nares. 
 Kymneh — household tubs. Chaucer has kemelin. 
 
 ^'^ TavvTreirXos. Extensa et promisso peploamictus. A metaphor 
 taken from ladies' veils, or trains, and therefore their names 
 are here added. C. ^ 
 
 5«"H7raTa XevKoxlroiva. Livering puddings, white-skinn'd. C. 
 Livering, i. e. made of liver. 
 
 60 Junkets —cheese pressed on rushes. Ital. giuncata. See 
 Odyssey, Bk. vi. 107. 
 
 6^ UaurodairoLJiv. Whose common exposition is only variiSy 
 when it properly signifies ex omni solo. C. 
 
4 BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A. 
 
 But rush out straight, and with the first in fight 
 
 Mix in adventure. Xo man with affright 
 
 Can daunt my forces, though his body be 
 
 Of never so immense a quantity. 
 
 But making up, even to his bed, access, 
 
 His fingers' ends dare with my teeth compress, 
 
 His feet taint likewise, and so soft seize both 
 
 They shall not taste tli' impression of a tooth. 
 
 Sweet sleep shall hold liis own in every eye 
 
 Where my tooth takes his tartest liberty. 
 
 But two there are, that always, far and near, 
 
 Extremely still control my force with fear, 
 
 The Cat, and Night-hawk, who much scathe confer 
 
 On all the outrays where for food I err. 
 
 Together with the straits-still-keeping trap, 
 
 Where lurks deceitful and set-spleen'd mishap. 
 
 But most of all the Cat constrains my fear, 
 
 Being ever apt t' assault me everywhere ; 
 
 For by that hole that hope says I shall 'scape. 
 
 At that hole ever she commits my rape. 
 
 The best is yet, I eat no pot-herb grass, 
 
 Nor radishes, nor coloquintidas, 
 
 Nor stiH-green beets, nor parsley ; which you make 
 
 Your dainties still, that live upon the lake." 
 
 The Frog replied : " Stranger, your boasts creep all 
 
 Upon their bellies ; though to our lives fall 
 
 Much more miraculous meats by lake and land, 
 
 Jove tend'ring our lives with a twofold hand. 
 
 Enabling us to leap ashore for food, 
 
 ''^ Taint. — i. e. touch, assault. See Iliad, Bk. iii. 374. 
 80 Outrays— nee Iliad, Bk. v. 793. 
 
 l^Tovoeaaav, of (jrevbs, angiistus. C. 
 
 Coloquintidas — pumpkins. 
 
BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A, 
 
 5 
 
 And hide us straight in our retreatful flood. 
 
 Which, if you will serve, you may prove with ease. 
 
 I'll take you on niy shoulders ; which fast seize, 
 
 If safe arrival at my house y' intend." 
 
 He stoop'd, and thither spritely did ascend, loo 
 
 Clasping his golden neck, that easy seat 
 
 Gave to his sally; who was jocund yet. 
 
 Seeing the safe harbours of the king so near, 
 
 And he a swimmer so exempt from peer. 
 
 But when he sunk into the purple wave, i05 
 
 He mourn'd extremely, and did much deprave 
 
 Unprofitable penitence ; his hair 
 
 Tore by the roots up, labour'd for the air 
 
 With his feet fetched up to his belly close ; 
 
 His heart within him panted out repose, 
 
 For th' insolent plight in which his state did stand ; 
 
 Sigh'd bitterly, and long'd to greet the land. 
 
 Forced by the dire need of his freezing fear. 
 
 First, on the waters he his tail did stere. 
 
 Like to a stern ; then drew it like an oar, 
 
 Still praying the Gods to set him safe ashore ; 
 
 Yet sunk he midst the red waves more and more, 
 
 And laid a throat out to his utmost height ; 
 
 Yet in forced speech he made his peril slight, 
 
 And thus his glory with his grievance strove : 
 
 ^ot in such choice state was the charge of love 
 Borne by the bull, when to the Cretan shore 
 He swum Europa through the wavy roar. 
 As this Frog ferries me, his pallid breast 
 
 106 Deprave— Yilify, abuse. See Iliad, Bk. vi. 564. 
 
 *S'^€re— this is the old orthography for .s^^r in Chapman, 
 but it may probably mean steer. 
 Stern — rudder. 
 
6 
 
 BATE A GHOM YOMA OH I A. 
 
 Bravely advancing, and his verdant crest 
 
 (Submitted to my seat) made my support, 
 
 Through his white Avaters, to liis royal court." 
 
 But on the sudden did apparance make 
 
 An horrid spectacle, — a Water-snake 
 
 Thusting his freckled neck above the lake. 
 
 Which seen to both, away Physignathus 
 
 Dived to his deeps, as no way conscious 
 
 Of whom he left to perish in his lake, 
 
 But shunn'd black fate himself, and let him take 
 
 The blackest of it ; who amidst the fen 
 
 Swum with his breast up, hands held up in vain, 
 
 Cried Peej^e, and perish'd ; sunk the Avaters oft. 
 
 And often with his sprawlings came aloft, 
 
 Yet no way kept down death's relentless force, 
 
 But, full of water, made an heavy corse. 
 
 Before he perish'd yet, he threatened thus : 
 
 " Thou lurk'st not yet from heaven, Physignathus, 
 
 Though yet thou hid'st here, that hast cast from the 
 
 As from a rock, the sliipwrack'd life of me. 
 
 Though thou thyself no better was than I, 
 
 O worst of things, at any faculty, 
 
 Wrastling or race. But, for thy perfidy 
 
 In this my wrack, Jove bears a Avreakful eye ; 
 
 And to the host of Mice thou pains shalt pay. 
 
 Past all evasion." This his life let say. 
 
 And left him to the waters. Him beheld 
 
 ^ Lichopinax, placed in the pleasing field. 
 
 Who shriek'd extremely, ran and told the Mice ; 
 
 Who having heard his wat'ry destinies, 
 
 Submitted—see Iliad, Bk. xix. 258. 
 i52aLickdish. C. 
 
BATRACHOMYO MA CHI A, 
 
 Pernicious anger pierced the hearts of all, 
 
 And then their lieralds forth they sent to call 
 
 A council early, at Troxartes' house. 
 
 Sad father of this fatal shipwrackM Mouse ; 
 
 Whose dead corse upwards swum along the lake, 
 
 Nor yet, poor wretch, could be enforced to make i^*> 
 
 The shore his harbour, but the mid-main swum." 
 
 When now, all haste made, with first morn did come 
 
 All to set council ; in Avhich first rais'd head 
 
 Troxartes, angry for his son, and said : 
 
 " 0 friends, though I alone may seem to bear i^'^ 
 
 All the infortune, yet may all met here 
 
 Account it their case. But 'tis true, I am 
 
 In chief unhappy, that a triple flame 
 
 Of life feel put forth, in three famous sons : 
 
 The first, the chief in our confusions, i'^ 
 
 The Cat, made rape of, caught without his hole : 
 
 The second, Man, made with a cruel soul. 
 
 Brought to his ruin with a new-found sleight. 
 
 And a most wooden engine of deceit. 
 
 They term a Trap, mere murth'ress of our Mice. 
 
 The last, that in my love held special jDrice, 
 
 And his rare mother's, this Physignathus 
 
 (With false pretext of wafting to his house) 
 
 Strangled in chief deeps of his bloody stream. 
 
 Come then, haste all, and issue out on them, 
 
 Our bodies deck'd in our Dsedalean arms." 
 
 This said, his words thrust all up in alarms, 
 
 '^^^ Infortune — Odyssey, Bk. xx. 119. 
 
 '0\^T€Lpa. InterfectriXy perdiirix. C. Mere — see Od3^ssey^ 
 Bk. VIII. 115. 
 
 Doedalean — simply variegated, {datdaXeoLO-L.) 
 
8 
 
 BA TEA C HO MYOMA CHI A. 
 
 And Mars himself, that serves the cure of war, 
 
 Made all in their appropriates circular. 
 
 First on each leg the green shales of a bean 
 
 They closed for boots, that sat exceeding clean ; 
 
 The shales they broke ope, boothaling by night, 
 
 And ate the beans; their jacks art exquisite 
 
 Had shown in them, being cats' skins, everywhere 
 
 Quilted with quills ; their fenceful bucklers were ^-^^ 
 
 The middle rounds of can'sticks ; but their spear 
 
 A huge long needle was, that could not bear 
 
 The brain of any but be Mars his own 
 
 Mortal invention ; their heads' arming crown 
 
 Was vessel to the kernel of a nut. ^'^^ 
 
 And thus the Mice their powers in armour put. 
 
 This the Frogs hearing, from the water all 
 
 Issue to one place, and a council call 
 
 Of wicked war ; consulting what should be 
 
 Cause to this murmur and strange mutiny. -^^ 
 
 While this was question'd, near them made his stand 
 
 An herald with a sceptre in his hand, 
 
 '^Embasichytrus caird, that fetcliM his kind 
 
 From ^Tyroglyphus with the mighty mind. 
 
 Denouncing ill-named war in these high terms : -^^ 
 
 " 0 Frogs ! the Mice send threats to you of arms, 
 
 Appropriates — proper arms. 
 
 r' d<TKr)aapT€s, ab dcTKeu}, elaborate concinno. C. 
 ^^■^ Boothalinq — foraging for booty, plundering. Halliw^ell 
 has well explained it ; but this is a good example. Probably 
 Chapman meant a pun on boots and boot-holmg : they foraged 
 for booty to make boots, 
 
 1^ Jacks — buff jerkins. See Chapman's Commentary on 
 Iliad, XIII. 637. 
 
 Can'sticks — candlesticks. See Halliwell. 
 
 203 a Enter-pot, or search-pot, C. 
 
 204 b Cheese-miner. Qui ease urn rodendo cavat. C. (Tyro- 
 glyphus.) 
 
BA TRA CHO MYOMA CHI A, 
 
 And bid me bid ye battle and fix'd fight ; 
 
 Their eyes all wounded with Psicharpax' sight 
 
 Floating your waters, whom your king hath kill'd. 
 
 And therefore all prepare for force of field, 
 
 You that are best born whosoever held." 
 
 This said, he sever'd : his speech firing th' ears 
 
 Ot all the Mice, but freez'd the Frogs with fears. 
 
 Themselves conceiting guilty ; whom the king 
 
 'Thus answer'd, rising, " Friends ! I did not bring 
 
 Psicharpax to his end ; he, wantoning 
 
 Upon our waters, practising to swim. 
 
 Aped us, and drown'd without my sight of him. 
 
 And yet these worst of vermin accuse me, 
 
 Though no way guilty. Come, consider we 
 
 How we may ruin these deceitful Mice. 
 
 For my part, I give voice to this advice, 
 
 As seeming fittest to direct our deeds : 
 
 Our bodies decking with our arming weeds. 
 
 Let all our jDOw'rs stand rais'd in steep'st repose 
 
 'Of all our shore ; that, when they charge us close, 
 
 We may the helms snatch off from all so deckt. 
 
 Daring our onset, and them all deject 
 
 Down to our waters ; who, not knowing the sleight 
 
 To dive our sofo deeps, may be strangled straight. 
 
 And we triumphing may a trophy rear, 
 
 ^Of all the Mice that we have slaughter'd here." 
 
 These words put all iji arms ; and mallow leaves 
 
 They drew upon their legs, for arming greaves. 
 
 Their curets, broad green beets ; their bucklers were 
 
 'Good thick-leaved cabbage, proof 'gainst any spear ; 
 
 MtyLtoiyyuei/os. Aping, or imitating us. C. 
 Weeds — i. e. garments ; a very common word. 
 2^** Boots of War. C. 
 
10 BA TEA OHOMYOMA CHI A. 
 
 Their spears sharp buh'iishes, of which were all 
 
 Fitted with long ones ; their parts capital 
 
 They hid in subtle cockleshells from blows. 
 
 And thus all arra'd, the steepest shores they chose ^-^^ 
 
 T' encamp themselves; where lance with lance they linedy 
 
 And brandish'd bravely, each Frog full of mind. 
 
 Then Jove calFd all Gods in his flaming throne, 
 And show'd all all this preparation 
 
 For resolute war ; these able soldiers, ^^'"^ 
 
 Many, and great, all shaking lengthful spears, 
 
 In show like Centaurs, or the Giants' host. 
 
 When, sweetly smiling, he inquired who, most 
 
 Of all th' Immortals, pleased to add their aid 
 
 To Frogs or Mice ; and thus to Pallas said : 
 
 " 0 Daughter ! Must not your needs aid these Mice, 
 That, with the odours and meat sacrifice 
 Used in your temple, endless triumphs make, 
 And serve you for your sacred victuals' sake ? " 
 
 Pallas replied : "0 Father, never I -^^ 
 
 Will aid the Mice in any misery. 
 
 So many mischiefs by them I have found. 
 
 Eating the cotton that my distaffs crown'd. 
 
 My lamps still haunting to devour the oil. 
 
 But that which most my mind eats, is their spoil 
 
 Made of a veil, that me in much did stand, 
 
 On which bestowing an elaborate hand, 
 
 A fine woof working of as pure a thread. 
 
 Such holes therein their petulancies fed 
 
 That, putting it to darning, when 'twas done, '^''^^ 
 
 The darner a most dear pay stood upon 
 
 ^ Parts capital — heads. 
 
 Sr^/x^tara, Lanas, eo quod coins cingant sen coronent. Which 
 our learned sect translate eating the crowns that Pallas wore. C. 
 
BA TRA CHO MYOMA CHI A, 
 
 11 
 
 For his so dear pains, laid down instantly ; 
 
 Or, to forbear, exacted usury. 
 
 So, borrowing from my fane the weed I wove, 
 
 1 can by no means th' usurous darner move 2T(r 
 
 To let me have the mantle to restore. 
 
 And this is it that rubs the angry sore 
 
 Of my offence took at these petulant Mice. 
 
 Nor will I yield the Frogs' wants my supplies, 
 
 For their infirm minds that no confines keep ; '^"^ 
 
 For I from war retired, and wanting sleep, 
 
 All leap'd ashore in tumult, nor would stay 
 
 Till one wink seized mine eyes, and so I lay 
 
 Sleepless, and pain'd with headache, till first light 
 
 The cock had crow'd up. Therefore, to the fight ^so 
 
 Let no God go assistant, lest a lance 
 
 Wound whosoever offers to advance, 
 
 Or wishes but their aid, that scorn all foes, 
 
 Should any God's access their spirits oppose. 
 
 Sit we then pleased to see from heaven their fight." ^^"^ 
 
 She said, and all Gods join'd in her delight. 
 And now both hosts to one field drew the jar. 
 Both heralds bearing the os tents of war. 
 And then the wine-gnats, that shrill trumpets sound, 
 Terribly rung out the encounter round ; ^"-^^ 
 Jove thund'red ; all heaven sad war's sign resounded. 
 
 And first * Hypsiboas Lichenor wounded. 
 Standing th' impression of the first in fight. 
 His lance did in his liver's midst alight. 
 Along his belly. Down he fell ; his face '^^^ 
 
 To/foj, PartuSy et id quod partu edidit mater. Metap,- 
 hie appellatur foenus quod ex usurd ad nos redit. C. 
 
 Kibvuxf/. Cidex vinariua. C. ^92 a Loud-mouth. C. 
 b Kitchen- vessel licker. C. 
 
12 
 
 BA TEA CHO MYOMA OH I A. 
 
 His fall on that part sway'd, and all the grace 
 Of his soft hair fil'd with disgraceful dust. 
 
 Then Troglodytes his thick javelin thrust 
 In ^ Pelion's bosom, bearing him to ground, 
 Whom sad death seized ; his soul flew through his wound. 
 
 ^ Seutlaeus next Embasichytros slew, 
 His heart through-thrusting. Then ^ Artophagus threw 
 His lance at ^ Polyplion, and struck liim quite 
 Through his mid-belly ; down he fell upright, 
 And from his fair limbs took his soul her flight. 
 
 ^ Linnocharis, beholding Polyplion 
 Thus done to death, did, with as round a stone 
 As that the mill turns, Troglodytes wound. 
 Near his mid-neck, ere he his onset found ; 
 Whose eyes sad darkness seized. ^ Lichenor cast 
 A flying dart ofl", and his aim so placed 
 Upon Linnocharis, that sure he thought 
 The wound he wish'd him ; nor untruly wrought 
 The dire success, for through his liver flew 
 The fatal lance ; which when Cranibophagus knew, 
 Down the deep waves near shore he, diving, fled ; 
 But fled not fate so ; the stern enemy fed 
 Death with his life in diving ; never more 
 The air he drew in ; his vermilion gore 
 Stain'd all the waters, and along the shore 
 
 298 a Hole -dweller. Qui foramina subiL C. Chapman, as 
 is constantly the case, has altered the quantity of the word. 
 ^ Mud-born. C. ^oi c Beet-devourer. C. 
 
 302 d The great bread-eater. C. 
 
 ^^'^ ^lloXijcpbjvou. The great-noise- maker, shrill or big- 
 voiced. C. f The lake-lover. C. 
 '^^^ s Qui lamhit cvlinaria vasa. C. 
 
 312 ^irtjjKo/iiaL intentissime dirigo ut certum ictum inferam, C. 
 315 h xhe cabbage-eater. C. 
 
BA TEA CHO MYOMA OH I A. 
 
 13 
 
 He laid extended ; his fat entrails lay 
 
 (By his small gut's impulsion) breaking way 
 
 Out at his wound. ^ Limnisius near the shore 
 
 Destroyed Tyroglyphus. Which frighted sore 
 
 The soul of ^^Calaminth, seeing coming on, ^25 
 
 For wreak, ^ Pternoglyphus ; who got him gone 
 
 With large leaps to the lake, his target thrown 
 
 Into the waters. ^ Hydrocharis slew 
 
 King ^ Pternophagus, at whose throat he threw 
 
 A huge stone, strook it high, and beat his brain 
 
 Out at his nostrils. Earth blushed with the stain 
 
 His blood made on her bosom. For next prise, 
 
 Licliopinax to death did sacrifice 
 
 ^ Borborocoetes' faultless faculties ; 
 
 His lance enforced it ; darkness closed his eyes. 
 
 On which when ^ Prassophagus cast his look, 
 
 Cnissodioctes by the heels he took, 
 Dragg'd him to fen from off his native ground. 
 Then seized his throat, and soused him till he drown'd. 
 
 But now Psicharpax wreaks his fellows' deaths, 
 And in the bosom of ^ Pelusius sheaths. 
 In centre of his liver, his bright lance. 
 He fell before the author of the chance ; 
 His soul to hell fled. Which ^ Pelobates 
 Taking sad note of, wreakfully did seize 
 His hand's gripe full of mud, and all besmear'd 
 
 :52;i a Paludis incola. Lake-hver. C. 
 '^^ b Qui in calamintha, hcrhd palustri, habitat. C. 
 :)26 c Bacon-eater. C. ^ Qui aquis delectatiir. C. 
 
 329 e Collup-devourer. C. Another of Chapman's false 
 quantities. ^ Mud-sleeper. C. 
 
 g Leek or scallion lover. C. A similar error. 
 Kitchin-smell haunter, or hunter. C. 
 -'^^ i Fenstalk. C. Qi^ pe^r lutum it. C. 
 
BA TRA OHO MY OMA OHIA, 
 
 His forehead with it so, that scarce appear'd 
 The light to him. Which certainly incensed 
 His fiery spleen ; who with his wreak dispensed 
 No point of time, but rear'd with his strong hand 
 A stone so massy it oppress'd the land, 
 And hurl'd it at him ; when below the knee 
 It strook his right leg so impetuously 
 It piecemeal brake it ; he the dust did seize, 
 Upwards everted. But ^ Craugasides 
 Revenged his death, and at his enemy 
 Discharged a dart that did his point imply 
 In his mid-belly. All the sharp-piFd spear 
 Got after in, and did before it bear 
 His universal entrails to the earth, 
 Soon as his swoln hand gave his jav'lin birth. 
 
 ^ Sitophagus, beholding the sad sight. 
 Set on the shore, went halting from the fight, 
 Vex'd with his wounds extremely ; and, to make 
 Way from extreme fate, leap'd into the lake. 
 
 Troxartes strook, in th' instep's upper part, 
 Physignathus ; who (privy to the smart 
 His wound imparted) with his utmost haste 
 Leap'd to the lake, and fled. Troxartes cast 
 His eye upon the foe that fell before. 
 And, seeing him half-lived, long'd again to gore 
 His gutless bosom ; and, to kill him quite. 
 Ran fiercely at him. Which ^ Prassseus' sight 
 Took instant note of, and the first in fight 
 Thrust desp'rate way through, casting his keen lance 
 ' Off at Troxartes ; whose shield turn'd th' advance 
 
 355 a Yociferator. C. =^^2 b Eat- corn. C 
 
 ^■^2 c Scallion-devourer. C. 
 
BA TEA CHOMYOMA CHI A. 
 
 The sharp head made, and check'd the mortal chance. 
 
 Amongst the Mice fought an egregious 
 Young springall, and a close-encount'ring Mouse, 
 Pure ^Artepibulus's dear descent ; 
 A prince that Mars himself show'd where he went. 
 '(Call'd ^Meridarpax,) of so huge a might. 
 That only he still domineer'd in fight 
 Of all the Mouse-host. He advancing close 
 Up to the lake, past all the rest arose 
 In glorious object, and made vaunt that he 
 Came to depopulate all the progeny 
 Of Frogs, affected with the lance of war. 
 And certainly he had put on as far 
 As he advanced his vaunt, he was endu'd 
 With so unniatch'd a force and fortitude, 
 Had not the Father both of Gods and men 
 Instantly known it, and the Frogs, even then 
 Given up to ruin, rescued with remorse. 
 Who, his head moving, thus began discourse : 
 
 "^0 mean amaze affects me, to behold 
 Prince Meridarpax rage so uncontroll'd, 
 In thirst of Frog-blood, all along the lake. 
 Come therefore still, and all addression make, 
 Despatching Pallas, with tumultuous Mars, 
 Down to the field, to make him leave the wars, 
 How 23otently soever he be said 
 Where he attempts once to uphold his head." 
 
 Mars answer'd : 0 Jove, neither She nor I, 
 With both our aids, can keep depopulacy 
 
 a Bread-betrayer. C. (Artepibukis.) 
 ^ Scrap, or broken-meat-eater. C. 
 Kpo.repos, validus seu potens in retinendo. C. 
 
16 BA TEA CHO MYOMA CHI A. 
 
 From ofi* the Frogs ! And therefore arm we all, 
 
 Even thy lance letting brandish to his call 
 
 From off the field, that from the field withdrew 
 
 The Titanois, the Titanois that slew, 
 
 Though most exempt from match of all earth's Seeds, 
 
 So great and so inaccessible deeds 
 
 It hath proclaimM to men ; bound hand and foot 
 
 The vast Enceladus ; and rac'd by th' root 
 
 The race of upland Giants." This speech past, 
 
 Saturnius a smoking lightning cast 
 
 Amongst the armies, thundering then so sore, 
 
 That with a rapting circumflex he bore 
 
 All huge heaven over. But the terrible ire 
 
 Of his dart, sent abroad, all wrapt in fire, 
 
 (Which certainly his very finger was) ^^o- 
 
 Amazed both Mice and Frogs. Yet soon let pass 
 
 Was all this by the Mice, who much the more 
 
 Burn'd in desire t' exterminate the store 
 
 Of all those lance-loved soldiers. Which had been. 
 
 If from Olympus Jove's eye had not seen ^25- 
 
 The Frogs with pity, and with instant speed 
 
 Sent them assistants. Who, ere any heed 
 
 Was given to their approach, came crawling on 
 
 With anvils on their backs, that, beat upon 
 
 Never so much, are never wearied yet ; 
 
 Crook-paw'd, and wrested on with foul cloven feet, 
 
 Tongues in their mouths, brick-back'd, all over bone. 
 
 Upland is constantly used in Chapman for rough, rude 
 up-land i. e. from the country, as distinguished from the 
 civilization of the town. 
 
 429 ^ujT(;fK/xop€s. lucucles ftrentes^ or anvil-backed. "Ak/ulcjv^ 
 Incus^ dicta per syncopen quasi nvllis ictihus fatigetur. C. 
 
 432 ^^aXiSooo-r/^os. Forcipem in ore habens. C. 
 
BA TEA OHO MYOMA OHIA. 
 
 17 
 
 Broad should er'd, whence a ruddy yellow shone, 
 Distorted, and small-thigh'd ; had eyes that saw 
 Out at their bosoms ; twice four feet did draw 
 About their bodies ; strong-neck'd, whence did rise 
 Two heads ; nor could to any hand be prise ; 
 They call them lobsters ; that ate from the Mice 
 Their tails, their feet, and hands, and wrested all 
 Their lances from them, so that cold appall 
 The wretches put in rout, past all return. 
 And now the Fount of Light forbore to burn 
 Above the earth ; when, which men's laws commend, 
 Our battle in one day took absolute end. 
 
 THE END OF HOMER's BATTLE OP FROGS AND MICE. 
 
 B 
 
ALL THE HYMNS OF HOMER. 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 WILL remember and express the praise 
 Of heaven's Far-darter, the fair King. of 
 days, 
 
 AVhom even the Gods themselves fear 
 when he goes 
 
 Through Jove's high house ; and when his goodly bows 
 
 He goes to bend, all from their thrones arise, ^ 
 
 And cluster near, t' admire his faculties. 
 
 Only Latona stirs not from her seat 
 
 Close by the Thund'rer, till her Son's retreat 
 
 From his dread archery ; but then she goes, 
 
 Slackens his string, and shuts his quiver close, 
 
 And (having taken to her hand his bow, 
 
 From off his able shoulders) doth bestow 
 
 Upon a pin of gold the glorious tiller, 
 
 The pin of gold fix'd in his father's pillar. 
 
 Then doth She to his throne his state uphold, 
 Where his great Father, in a cup of gold, 
 13 Tiller— how. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 Serves him with nectar, and sliows all the grace 
 Of his great son. Then th' other Gods take place 
 His gracious mother glorying to bear 
 So great an archer, and a son so clear. 
 
 All hail, 0 blest Latona ! to bring forth 
 An issue of such all-out-shining worth. 
 Royal Apollo, and the Que.en that loves 
 The hurls of darts. She in th' Ortygian groves, 
 And he in cliffy Delos, leaning on 
 The lofty Oros, and being built upon 
 By Cynthus' prominent, that his head rears 
 Close to the palm that Inops' fluent cheers. 
 
 How shall I praise thee, far being worthiest pra 
 0 Phoebus To whose worth the law of lays 
 In all kinds is ascrib'd, if feeding flocks 
 By continent or isle. All eminent'st rocks 
 Did sing for joy, hill-tops, and floods in song 
 Did break their billows, as they flow'd along 
 To serve the sea ; the shores, the seas, and all 
 Did sing as soon as from tlie lap did fall 
 Of blest Latona thee the joy of man. 
 Her child-bed made the mountain Cynthian 
 In rocky Delos, the sea-circled isle, 
 On whose all sides the black seas brake their pile. 
 And overflow'd for joy, so frank a gale 
 The singing winds did on their waves exhale. 
 
 Here born, all mortals live in thy commands, 
 Whoever Crete holds, Athens, or the strands 
 Of th' isle ^gina, or the famous land 
 For ships (Eub(jea), or Eresia, 
 Or Peparethus bord'ring on the sea, 
 23 Viz. Diana. 
 
20 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 -^gas, or Athos that doth Tlirace divide 
 
 And Macedoii ; or Pelion, with the pride 
 
 Of his high forehead ; or the Samian isle, 
 
 That likewise lies near Thrace; or Scyrus' soil; 
 
 Ida's steep tops ; or all that Phocis till ; 
 
 Or Autocanes, with the heaven-high hill ; 
 
 Or populous Imber ; Lemnos without ports ; 
 
 Or Lesbos, fit for the divine resorts ; 
 
 And sacred soil of blest ^olioti ; 
 
 Or Chios that exceeds comparison 
 
 For fruitfulness ; with all the isles that lie 
 
 Embrac'd with seas ; Mimas, with rocks so high ; 
 
 Or lofty-crown'd Corycius ; or the bright ^'^ 
 
 Charos; or zEsagseus' dazzling height; 
 
 Or watery Samos ; Mycale, that bears 
 
 Her brows even with the circles of the spheres ; 
 
 Miletus ; Cous, that the city is 
 
 Of voice-divided-choice humanities ; 
 
 High Cnidus ; Carpathus, still strook with wind; 
 
 Xaxos, and Paros ; and the rocky-min'd 
 Rugged Rheiiaea. Yet through all these parts 
 
 Latona, great-grown with the King of darts, 
 
 Traveird ; and tried if any would become 
 
 To her dear birth an hospitable home. 
 
 All which extremely trembled, shook with fear, 
 
 Nor durst endure so high a birth to bear 
 
 In their free states, though, for it, they became 
 
 Never so fruitful; till the reverend Dame 
 
 Ascended Delos, and her soil did seize 
 
 With these wing'd words : 0 Delos ! Wouldst thou 
 please 
 
 To be my son Apollo's native seat, 
 Autocanes. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 2 
 
 And build a wealtliy fane to one so great, 
 1^0 one shall blame or question thy kind deed. 
 Nor think T, thou dost sheep or oxen feed 
 In any such store, or in vines exceed, 
 Nor bring'st forth such innumerable plants, 
 Which often make the rich inhabitants 
 Careless of Deity. If thou then shouldst rear 
 A fane to Phoebus, all men would confer 
 Whole hecatombs of beeves for sacrifice, 
 Still thronging hither ; and to thee would rise 
 Ever unmeasur'd odours, shouldst thou long 
 Nourish thy King thus ; and from foreign wrong 
 The Gods would guard thee ; which thine own address 
 Can never compass for thy barrenness." 
 
 She said, and Delos joy'd, replying thus : 
 *' Most happy sister of Saturnius ! 
 I gladly would with all means entertain 
 The King your son, being now despised of men. 
 But should be honoured with the greatest then. 
 Yet this I fear, nor will conceal from thee : 
 Your son, some say, will author misery 
 In many kinds, as being to sustain 
 A mighty empire over Gods and men. 
 Upon the holy-gift-giver the Earth. 
 And bitterly I fear that, when his birth 
 Gives him the sight of my so barren soil, 
 He will contemn, and give me up to spoil, 
 Enforce the sea to me, that ever will 
 Oppress my heart with many a wat'ry hill. 
 And therefore let him choose some other land, 
 Where he shall please, to build at his command 
 Temple and grove, set thick with many a tree. 
 
22 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 For wretched polypuses breed in me 
 
 Retiring chambers, and black sea-calves den 
 
 In my poor soil, for penury of men. 
 
 And yet, 0 Goddess, wouldst thou please to swear 
 
 The Gods' great oath to me, before thou bear 
 
 Thy blessed son here, that thou wilt erect 
 
 A fane to him, to render the effect 
 
 Of men's demands to them before they fall, 
 
 Then will thy son's renown be general, 
 
 Men will his name in such variety call. 
 
 And I shall then be glad his birth to bear." 
 
 This said, the Gods' great oath she thus did swear 
 
 "Know this, 0 Earth 1 broad heaven's inferior spl 
 
 And of black Styx the most infernal lake, 
 
 (Which is the gravest oath the Gods can take) 
 
 That here shall ever rise to Plujebus' name 
 
 An odorous fane and altar ; and thy fame 
 
 Honour, past all isles else, shall see him employ'd.' 
 
 Her oatli thus took and ended, Delos joy'd 
 
 In mighty measure that she should become 
 
 To far-shot Phoebus' birth the famous home. 
 
 Latona then nine days and nights did fall 
 In hopeless labour ; at whose birth were all 
 Heaven's most supreme and worthy Goddesses, 
 Dione, Rhsea, and th' Exploratress 
 Themis, and Amphitrite that will be 
 Pursu'd with sighs still ; every Deity, 
 Except the snowy-wristed wife of Jove, 
 Who held her moods aloft, and would not move ; 
 Only Lucina (to whose virtue vows 
 Each childbirth patient) heard not of her throes, 
 Den — i. e. make dens. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 23 
 
 But sat, by Juno's counsel, on the brows 
 Of broad Olympus, wrapp'd in clouds of gold. 
 Whom Jove's proud wife in envy did withhold, 
 Because bright-lock'd Latona was to bear 
 A son so faultless and in force so clear. 
 The rest Thaumantia sent before, to brino- 
 Lucina to release the envied kinir. 
 Assuring her, that they would straight confer 
 A carcanet, nine cubits long, on her, iso 
 All woven with wires of gold. But charg'd her, then. 
 To call apart from tli' ivory-wristed Queen 
 The childbirth-guiding Goddess, for just fear 
 Lest, her charge utter 'd in Saturn ia's ear, 
 She, after, might dissuade her from descent. ^-^^ 
 When wind-swift-footed Iris knew th' intent 
 Of th' other Goddesses, away she went. 
 And instantly she pass'd the infinite space 
 'Twixt earth and heaven ; when, coming to the place 
 Where dwelt th' Immortals, straight without the gate 
 She gat Lucina, and did all relate 
 The Goddesses commanded, and inclined 
 To all that they demanded her dear mind. 
 And on their way they went, like those two doves 
 That, walking highways, every shadow moves 
 Up from the earth, forc'd with their natural fear. 
 When ent'ring Delos, She, that is so dear 
 To dames in labour, made Latona straight 
 Prone to delivery, and to wield the weight 
 Of her dear burthen with a world of ease. '^'^^ 
 When, with her fair hand, she a palm did seize, 
 And, staying her by it, stuck her tender knees 
 Thaumantia — Iris. 
 
24 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 Amidst the soft mead, that did smile beneath 
 Her sacred labour ; and the child did breathe 
 The air in th' instant. All the Goddesses 
 Brake in kind tears and shrieks for her quick ease, 
 And thee, 0 archer Phoebus, with waves clear 
 Washed sweetly over, swaddled with sincere 
 And spotless swathbands ; and made then to flow 
 About thy breast a mantle, white as snow, 
 Fine, and new made ; and cast a veil of gold 
 Over thy forehead. Nor yet forth did hold 
 Thy mother for thy food her golden breast, 
 But Themis, in supply of it, address'd 
 Lovely Ambrosia, and drunk off to thee 
 A bowl of nectar, interchangeably 
 With her immortal fingers serving thine. 
 And when, 0 Phoebus, that eternal wine 
 Thy taste had relish'd, and that food divine, 
 No golden swathband longer could contain 
 Thy panting bosom ; all that would constrain 
 Thy soon-eas'd Godhead, every feeble chain 
 Of earthy child-rites, flew in sunder all. 
 And then didst thou thus to the Deities call : 
 
 " Let there be given me my lov'd lute and bow, 
 I'll prophesy to men, and make them know 
 Jove's perfect counsels." This said, up did fly 
 From broad- way'd Earth the unshorn Deity, 
 Far-shot Apollo. All th' Immortals stood 
 In steep amaze to see Latona's brood. 
 All Delos, looking on him, all with gold 
 Was loaden straight, and joy'd to be extoU'd 
 By great Latona so, that she decreed 
 
 Sincere — pure, unmixed ; the true Latin sense. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 25 
 
 Her barrenness should bear the fruitfurst seed 
 
 Of all the isles and continents of earth, 205 
 
 And lov'd her from her heart so for her birth. 
 
 For so she flourished, as a hill that stood 
 
 Crown'd with the floAv'r of an abundant wood. 
 
 And thou, O Phoebus, bearing in thy hand 
 
 Thy silver bow, walk'st over every land, 210- 
 
 Sometimes ascend'st the rough-hewn rocky hill 
 
 Of desolate Cynthus, and sometimes tak'st will 
 
 To visit islands, and the plumps of men. 
 
 And many a temple, all ways, men ordain 
 
 To thy briglit Godhead ; groves, made dark with trees, 
 
 And never shorn, to hide the Deities, '^^^^ 
 
 All high-lov'd prospects, all the steepest brows 
 
 Of far-seen hills, and every flood that flows 
 
 Forth to the sea, are dedicate to thee. 
 
 But most of all thy mind's alacrity ^^^^ 
 
 Is raised with Delos ; since, to All thy fane. 
 
 There flocks so many an Ionian, 
 
 With ample gowns that flow down to their feet, 
 
 With all their children, and the reverend sweet 
 
 Of all their pious wives. And these are they 
 
 That (mindful of thee) even thy Deity 
 
 Kender more spritely with their champion fight. 
 
 Dances, and songs, perform'd to glorious sight. 
 
 Once having published, and proclaim'd their strife. 
 
 And these are acted with such exquisite life ^'^^ 
 
 That one would say, "Xow, the Ionian strains 
 
 Plumps — crowds, collection. A common old word. 
 
 Sweet— so spelt in the folio ; but the word is doubtless 
 suite, attendance, retinue. Todd gives an examhle of suite 
 from Sir Philip Sydney. 
 
 Champion ^fight — Trvyfjiaxty}, boxing. 
 
 ^^mms— families, descent. See Odyssey, Bk. i. 344. 
 
.26 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 Are turned Immortals, nor know what age means." 
 
 His mind would take such pleasure from his eye, 
 
 To see them serv'd by all mortality, 
 
 Their men so human, women so well grae'd. 
 
 Their ships so swift, their riclies so increased, 
 
 .Since thy observance, who, being all before 
 
 Thy opposites, Avere all despis'd and poor. 
 
 And to all these this absolute wonder add. 
 
 Whose praise shall render all posterities glad : 
 
 The Delian virgins are thy handmaids all, 
 
 And, since they serv'd Apollo, jointly fall 
 
 Before Latona, and Diana too. 
 
 In sacred service, and do therefore know 
 
 How to make mention of the ancient trims 
 
 Of men and women, in their well-made hymns. 
 
 And soften barbarous nations with their songs, 
 
 Being able all to speak the several tongues 
 
 Of foreign nations, and to imitate 
 
 Their musics there, with art so fortunate 
 
 That one would say, there every one did speak, 
 
 And all their tunes in natural accents break, 
 
 Their songs so well compos'd are, and their art 
 
 To answer all sounds is of such desert. 
 
 But come, Latona, and thou King of flames. 
 With Phoebe, rect'ress of chaste thoughts in dames. 
 Let me salute ye, and your graces call 
 Hereafter to my just memorial. 
 
 And you, 0 Delian virgins, do me grace. 
 When any stranger of our earthy race, 
 Whose restless life affliction hath in chace, 
 .Shall hither come and question you, who is, 
 To your chaste ears, of choicest faculties 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 27 
 
 In sacred poesy, and with most right 
 
 Is author of your absolut'st delight, 205 
 
 Ye shall yourselves do all the right ye can 
 
 To answer for our name : — ^' The siglitless man 
 
 Of stony Chios. All whose poems shall 
 
 In all last ages stand for capital." 
 
 This for your own sakes I desire, for I 270 
 
 Will propagate mine own precedency 
 
 As far as earth shall well-built cities bear, 
 
 Or human conversation is held dear, 
 
 Not with my praise direct, but praises due. 
 
 And men sliall credit it, because 'tis true. -'"^ 
 
 HoAvever, I'll not cease the praise I vow 
 To far-shot Plioebus witli the silver bow. 
 Whom lovely-hair'd Latona gave the light. 
 O King ! both Lycia is in rule thy right, 
 Fair Moeony, and tlie maritimal -^^ 
 Miletus, wish'd to be the seat of all. 
 
 But chiefly Delos, girt witli billows round. 
 Thy most respected empire doth resound. 
 Where thou to Pytlius went'st, to answer there. 
 As soon as thou wert born, the burning ear '^^^ 
 Of many a far-come, to liear future deeds, 
 Clad in divine and odoriferous weeds. 
 And with thy golden fescue play'dst upon 
 Thy hollow harp, that sounds to heaven set gone. 
 
 Then to ( )lympus swift as thought he flew, ^oo 
 
 Fescue— t\\Q lexicographers give the derivation from the 
 Latin Jestura, a young shoot or stalk. It was generally used 
 for a stick for pointing to the letters in teaching children to 
 read. The word in this sense occurs in Dryden and Swift. 
 Here it seems to be an instrument (the plectrum) with which 
 Apollo touched the strings of his harp ; a sense which does not 
 seem to have been noted as occurring elsewhere. 
 
28 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 To Jove's high house, and had a retinue 
 
 Of Gods f attend him ; and then straight did fall 
 
 To study of ' the harp, and harpsical, 
 
 All th' Immortals. To whom ever}' Muse 
 
 With ravishing voices did their answers use, 
 
 Singing th' eternal deeds of Deity, 
 
 And from their hands what hells of misery 
 
 Poor humans suffer, living desperate quite. 
 
 And not an art they have, wit, or deceit. 
 
 Can make them manage any act aright, 
 
 Nor find, with all the soul they can engage, 
 
 A salve for death, or remedy for age. 
 
 But here the fair-hair'd Graces, the wise Hours, 
 Harmonia, Hehe, and sweet Venus' pow'rs, 
 Danc'd, and each other's palm to palm did cling. 
 And with these danc'd not a deformed thing, 
 Xo forespoke dwarf, nor downward vvitherling, 
 But all with wond'rous goodly forms were deckt. 
 And mov'd with beauties of unpriz'd aspect. 
 
 Dart-dear Diana, even with Plioebus bred, 
 Danc'd likewise there ; and Mars a march did tread 
 With that brave bevy. In whose consort fell 
 Argicides, th' ingenious sentinel. 
 Phoebus- Apollo touch'd his lute to them 
 Sweetly and softly, a most glorious beam 
 Casting about him, as he danc'd and play'd. 
 And even his feet were all with rays array'd ; 
 His weed and all of a most curious trim 
 With no less lustre grac'd and circled him. 
 
 By these Latona, with a hair that shin'd 
 
 Htimans — mortals. 
 
 F&respoke—see Iliad, Bk. xvi. 792 ; xvii. 32. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 Like Ijiirnisli'd o^old, and, with the mighty mind, 
 Heaven's counsellor, Jove, sat with delightsome eyes, 
 To see their son new rank'd with Deities. 
 
 How shall I praise thee, then, that art all praise ? 
 Amongst the brides shall I thy Deity raise ? 
 Or being in love, when sad thou went'st to woo 
 The virgin Aza, and didst overthrow 
 The even-with-Gods, Elation's mighty seed. 
 That had of goodly horse so brave a breed, 
 And Phorbas, son of sovereign Triopus, 
 Valiant Leucippus, and Ereutheus, 
 And Triopus himself with equal fall. 
 Thou but on foot, and they on horseback all ? 
 
 Or shall I sing thee, as tliou first didst grace 
 Earth with thy foot, to find thee forth a place 
 Fit to pronounce thy oracles to men ? 
 First from Olympus thou alighted st then 
 Into Pieria, passing all the land 
 Of fruitless Lesbos, chok'd with drifts of sand, 
 The Magnets likewise, and the Perrhsebes ; 
 And to lolcus variedst thy access, 
 Censeus' toi)s ascending, that their base 
 Make bright Euboea, being of ships the grace. 
 And fix'd thy fair stand in Lelantus' field. 
 That did not yet thy mind's contentment yield 
 To raise a fane on, and a sacred grove. 
 Passing Euripus then, thou mad'st remove 
 Up to Earth's ever-green and holiest hill. 
 Yet swiftly thence, too, thou transcendedst still 
 To Mycalessus, and didst touch upon 
 Teumessus, apt to make green couches on, 
 And flowery field-beds. Then thy progress found 
 
30 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 Thebes out, whose soil with only woods was crownM. 
 
 For yet was sacred Thebes no human seat, 
 
 And therefore were no paths nor highways beat 
 
 On her free bosom, that flows now with wheat. 
 
 But then she only wore on it a wood. 
 
 From hence (even loth to part, because it stood 
 
 Fit for thy service) thou putt'st on remove 
 
 To green Onchestus, Neptune's glorious grove, 
 
 A^Hiere new-tam'd horse, bred, nourish nerves so rare 
 
 That still they frolic, though they travell'd are 
 
 Never so sore, and hurry after them 
 
 Most heavy coaches, but are so extreme 
 
 (In usual travel) fiery and free, 
 
 That though their coachman ne'er so masterly 
 
 Governs their courages, he sometimes must 
 
 Forsake his seat, and give their spirits their lust, 
 
 When after them their empty coach they draw, 
 
 Foaming, and neighing, quite exempt from awe. 
 
 And if their coachman guide through any grove 
 
 Unshorn, and vow'd to any Deity's love. 
 
 The lords encoach'd leap out, and all their care 
 
 Use to allay their fires, with speaking fair 
 
 Stroking and trimming them, and in some queach, ^''^ 
 
 Or strength of shade, within tlieir nearest reacli. 
 
 Reining them up, invoke the deified King , 
 
 Of that unshorn and everlasting spring, 
 
 And leave them then to her preserving hands, 
 
 Who is the Fate that there the God commands. 
 
 And this was first the sacred fashion there. 
 
 From hence thou went'st, 0 tliou in shafts past peer, 
 
 ^■'^ Queach — bushy place. See note on Odyssev, Bk. xiXr 
 610. Hymn to Pan, 12. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 31 
 
 Artd foiind'st Cephissus with thy all-seeing beams, 
 
 Whose flood affects so many silver streams, 
 
 And from Lilaeus pours so bright a wave. 385 
 
 Yet forth thy foot flew, and thy fair eyes gave 
 
 The view of Ocale the rich in tow'rs ; 
 
 Then to Amartiis that abounds in flow'rs, 
 
 Then to Delphusa putt'st thy progress on, 
 
 lATiose blessed soil nought harmful breeds upon ; 
 
 And there thy pleasure would a fane adorn. 
 
 And nourish woods wliose shades should ne'er be shorn; 
 
 Where this thou told'st her, standing to her close : 
 
 " Delphusa, here I entertain suppose 
 
 To build a far-fam'd temple, and ordain 395* 
 
 An oracle t' inform the minds of men, 
 
 Who shall for ever offer to my love 
 
 Whole hecatombs ; even all the men that move 
 
 In rich Peloponnesus, and all those 
 
 Of Europe, and the isles tlie seas enclose, ^oo- 
 
 Whom future search of acts and beincjs brinfjs. 
 
 To whom I'll prophesy the truths of things 
 
 In that rich temple where my oracle sings." 
 
 This said, the All-bound s-reacher, with his bow. 
 The fane's divine foundations did foreshow ; ^o'* 
 Ample they were, and did huge length impart, 
 With a continuate tenour, full of art. 
 But when Delphusa look'd into his end, 
 Her heart grew angry, and did thus extend 
 Itself to Phoebus : Phoebus, since thy mind ^i^ ' 
 
 A far-fam'd fane hath in itself design'd 
 To bear an oracle to men in me. 
 That hecatombs may put in fire to thee. 
 This let me tell thee, and impose for sta}' 
 
32 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 Upon thy purpose : Th' inarticulate neigh 
 
 Of fire-hov'd horse will ever disobey 
 
 Thy numerous ear, and mules will for their drink 
 
 Trouble my sacred springs, and I should think 
 
 That any of the human race had rather 
 
 See here the hurries of rich coaches gather, 
 
 And hear the haughty neighs of swift-hov'd horse, 
 
 Than in his pleasure's place convert recourse 
 
 T' a mighty temple ; and his wealth bestow 
 
 On pieties, where his sports may freely flow. 
 
 Or see huge wealth that he shall never owe. 
 
 And, therefore, wouldst thou hear my free advice, — 
 
 Though mightier far thou art, and much more wise, 
 
 O king, than I, thy pow'r being greatest of all 
 
 In Crissa, underneath the bosom's fall 
 
 Of steep Parnassus, — let thy mind be given 
 
 To set thee up a fane, where never driven 
 
 Shall glorious coaclies be, nor horses' neighs 
 
 Storm near thy well-built altars, but thy praise 
 
 Let the fair race of pious humans bring 
 
 Into thy fane, that lo-paeans sing. 
 
 And those gifts only let thy deilied mind 
 
 Be circularly pleas'd with, being the kind 
 
 And fair burnt-offerings that true Deities bind." 
 
 With this his mind she altered, though she spake 
 
 Xot for his good, but her own glory's sake. 
 
 From hence, 0 Phoebus, first thou mad'st retreat. 
 And of the Phlegians reached the Availed seat, 
 Inhabited with contumelious men, 
 Who, slighting Jove, took up their dwellings then 
 Within a large cave, near Cephissus' lake. 
 
 425 Oive—own. Odyssey, Bk. ii. 190. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 Hence, swiftly moving, tliou all speed didst make 
 Up to the tops intended, and the ground 
 Of Crissa, under tlie-with snow-still-crown'd 
 Parnassus, reach'd, whose face affects the West ; 
 Above which hangs a rock, that still seems prest 
 To fall upon it, through whose breast doth run 
 A rocky cave, near which the King the Sun 
 Cast to contrive a temple to his mind. 
 And said, " Xow here stands my conceit inclin'd 
 To build a famous fane, where still shall be 
 An oracle to men, that still to me 
 Shall offer absolute hecatombs, as well 
 Those that in rich Peloponnesus dwell 
 As those of Europe, and the isles that lie 
 WalFd with the sea, that all their pains apply 
 T' employ my counsels. To all which will I 
 True secrets tell, by way of prophecy, 
 In my rich temple, that sliall ever be 
 An oracle to all posterity." 
 
 This said, the fane's form he did straight present. 
 Ample, and of a length of great extent; 
 In which Trophonius and Agamede, 
 Who of Erginus were the famous seed, 
 ImposVl the stony entry, and the heart 
 Of every God had for their excellent art. 
 
 About the temple dwelt of human name 
 UnnumberM nations, it acquired such fame, 
 Being all of stone, built for eternal date. 
 And near it did a fountain propagate 
 A fair stream far away ; when Jove's bright seed. 
 The King Apollo, with an arrow, freed 
 
 450 p^g,s^ — ready. Frequently used in the Odyssey. 
 
34 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 From his strong string, destroy'd the Dragoness 
 
 That wonder nourish'd, being of sucli excess 
 
 In size, and horridness of monstrous shape, 
 
 That on the forc'd earth she wrought many a rape, 
 
 Many a spoil made on it, many an ill 
 
 On crook-haunch'd herds brought, being impurpled still 
 
 "With blood of all sorts ; having undergone 
 
 The cliarge of Juno, with the golden throne. 
 
 To nourish Typhon, the abhorr'd affright ^'^^ 
 
 And bane of mortals, whom into the light 
 
 Saturnia brought forth, being incensed with Jove, 
 
 Because the most renown'd fruit of his love 
 
 (Pallas) he got, and shook out of his brain. 
 
 For which majestic Juno did complain "^^^ 
 
 In this kind to the Bless'd Court of the skies : 
 
 Know all ye sex-distinguish'd Deities, 
 That Jove, assembler of the cloudy throng. 
 Begins with me first, and affects with wrong 
 My right in him, made by himself his wife, ^'^ 
 That knows and does the honour'd marriage life 
 All honest offices ] and yet hath he 
 
 Unduly got, without my company, 
 
 Blue-eyed Minerva, who of all the sky 
 
 Of blest Immortals is tlie absolute grace ; 
 
 Where I have brought into the Heavenly Eace 
 
 A son, both taken in his feet and head, 
 
 So ugly, and so far from worth my bed. 
 
 That, ravish'd into hand, I took and threw 
 
 Down to the vast sea his detested view ; 
 
 Where Kerens' daughter, Thetis, who her way 
 
 W' ith silver feet makes, and the fair array 
 
 Of her bright sisters, saved, and took to guard. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 But, would to heaven, another yet were spared 
 The like grace of his godhead ! Crafty mate, 
 What other scape canst thou excogitate ? 
 How could thy heart sustain to get alone 
 The grey-eyed Goddess ? Her conception 
 Nor bringing forth had any hand of mine. 
 And yet, know all the Gods, I go for thine 
 To such kind uses. But I'll now employ 
 My brain to procreate a masculine joy. 
 That 'mongst th' Immortals may as eminent shine, 
 With shame affecting nor my bed nor thine. 
 Nor will I ever touch at thine again. 
 But far fly it and thee ; and yet will reign 
 Amongst th' Immortals ever." This spleen spent 
 (Still yet left angry) far away she went 
 From all the Deathless, and yet pray'd to all. 
 Advanced her liand, and, ere she let it fall. 
 Used these excitements : " Hear me now, 0 Earth ! 
 Broad Heaven above it, and beneath, your birth, 
 The deified Titanois, that dwell about 
 Vast Tartarus, from whence sprung all the rout 
 Of Men and Deities ! Hear me all, I say. 
 With all your forces, and give instant way 
 T' a son of mine witliout Jove, who yet may 
 Nothing inferior prove in force to him. 
 But past him spring as far in able limb 
 As he past Saturn." This pronounced, she strook 
 Life-bearing Earth so strongly, that she shook 
 Beneath her numb'd hand. Which when she beheld, 
 Her bosom with abundant comforts swell'd. 
 In hope all should to her desire extend. 
 From hence the year, that all such proofs gives end. 
 
36 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 Grew round ; yet all that time the bed of Jove 
 
 She never touch'd at, never was her love 
 
 Enflam'd to sit near his Daedalian throne, 
 
 As she accustomed, to consult upon 
 
 Counsels kept dark with many a secret skill, 
 
 But kept her vow-frequented temple still, 
 
 Pleas'd with her sacrifice ; till now, the nights 
 
 And days accomplish'd, and the year's whole rights 
 
 In all her revolutions being expired. 
 
 The hours and all run out that Avere required 
 
 To vent a birth-right, she brought forth a son, 
 
 Like Gods or men in no condition, 
 
 But a most dreadful and pernicious thing, 
 
 Caird Typlion, who on all the human spring 
 
 Conferred confusion. Which received to hand 
 
 By Juno, instantly she gave command 
 
 (111 to ill adding) that the Dragoness 
 
 Should bring it up ; who took, and did oppress 
 
 With many a misery (to maintain th' excess 
 
 Of that inhuman monster) all the race 
 
 Of men tliat were of all the world the grace. 
 
 Till the far-working Phoebus at her sent 
 
 A fiery arroAV, that invoked event 
 
 Of death gave to her execrable life. 
 
 Before which yet she lay in bitter strife. 
 
 With dying pains, grovelling on earth, and drew 
 
 Extreme short respirations ; for which flew 
 
 A shout about the air, whence no man knew, 
 
 But came by power divine. And then she lay 
 
 Tumbling her trunk, and winding every way 
 
 Doedalian — variegated, 7ro\v8aldd\ov. 
 ^-^^ Sjtring — race. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 About her nasty nest, quite leaving then 
 
 Her murderous hfe, enibrued with deaths of men. 
 
 Then Plioebus gloried, saying : ''Thyself now he 
 On men-sustainiug earth, and putrefy, 
 "Who first of putrefaction was inform'd. 
 Now on thy life have death's cold vapours storm'd, 
 That storm'dst on men the earth-fed so much death, 
 In envy of the offs])ring they made breathe 
 Tlieir lives out on my altars. Xow from thee 
 Not Typhon sliall enforce the misery 
 Of merited death, nor She, whose name implies 
 Such scathe (ChinuTBra), but black earth make prise 
 To putrefaction thy innnanities. 
 And bright Hyperion, that liglit all eyes shows, 
 Thine w^th a night of rottenness shall close." 
 
 Thus spake he glorying. And then seiz'd upon 
 Her horrid heap, with putrefaction, 
 Hyperion's lovely pow'rs ; from whence her name 
 Took sound of Python, and heaven's Sovereign Flam* 
 Was surnam'd Pythius, since the sharp-eyed Sun 
 Affected so with putrefaction 
 The liellisli monster. And noAv I^hoebus' mind 
 Gave him to know tliat falseliood had strook blind 
 Even his bright eye, because it could not find 
 The subtle Fountain's fraud ; to whom he flew, 
 Enflamed with anger, and in th' instant drew 
 Close to Delphusa, using this short vow : 
 
 " Delphusa ! you must look no longer now 
 To vent your frauds on me ; for well I know 
 Your situation to be lovely, worth 
 A temple's imposition, it pours forth 
 
 ^"•^ Injormed — made, formed out of. A common word. 
 
38 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 So delicate a stream. But your renown 
 
 Shall now no longer sliine here, but mine own." 
 
 This said, he thrust her promontory down, 
 
 And damm'd her fountain up with mighty stones, 
 
 A temple giving consecrations 
 
 In woods adjoining. And in this fane all 
 
 On him, by surname of Delphusius, call, 
 
 Because Delphusa's sacred flood and fame 
 
 His wrath affected so, and hid in shame. 
 
 And then thought Phoebus what descent of men 
 To be his ministers he should retain. 
 To do in stony Pythos sacrifice. 
 To which his mind contending, his quick eyes 
 He cast upon the blue sea, and beheld 
 A ship, on whose masts sails that wing'd it swelFd, 
 In which were men transferr'd, many and good. 
 That in Minoian Cnossus ate their food. 
 And were Cretensians ; who now are tliose 
 That all the sacrificing dues dispose. 
 And all the laws deliver to a word 
 Of Day's great King, that wears the golden sword. 
 And oracles (out of his Delphian tree 
 That shrouds her fair arms in the cavity 
 Beneath Parnassus' mount) pronounce to men. 
 These now his priests, that lived as merchants then, 
 In traffics and pecuniary rates. 
 For sandy Pylos and the Pylian states 
 Were under sail. But now encounter'd them 
 Phoebus-Apollo, who into the stream 
 Cast himself headlong, and the strange disguise 
 Took of a dolphin of a goodly size. 
 Like which he leap'd into their ship, and lay 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 As an osteiit of infinite clisma3^ 
 
 For none witli any strife of mind could look ^35 
 
 Into the omen, all tlie ship-masts shook, 
 
 And silent all sat with the fear the}^ took, 
 
 Arm VI not, nor strook they sail, but as before 
 
 Went on with full trim, and a foreright blore, 
 
 Stiff, and from forth the south, the ship made fly. ^'^^ 
 
 When first they stripp'd the Malean promont'ry, 
 
 Touch'd at Laconia's soil, in which a town 
 
 Their ship arrived at, that the sea doth crown. 
 
 Called Tenarus, a place of much delight 
 
 To men that serve Heaven's Comforter of sidit. ^'^^ 
 
 In which are fed the famous flocks that bear 
 
 The wealthy fleeces, on a delicate lair 
 
 Being fed and seated. Where the merchants fain 
 
 Would have put in, tliat they might out again 
 
 To tell the miracle that clianced to them, ^'-'^ 
 
 And try if it would take the sacred stream, 
 
 Rushing far forth, that lie again might bear 
 
 Those other fishes that abounded there 
 
 Delighsome company, or still would stay 
 
 Aboard their dry ship. But it fail'd t' obey, 
 
 And for the rich Peloponnesian shore 
 
 Steer'd her free sail ; Apollo made the blore 
 
 Directly guide it. Tliat obeying still 
 
 Eeach'd dry Arena, and (what wish doth fill) 
 
 Fair Argyphsea, and the populous height ^^'^ 
 
 Of Thryus, whose stream, siding her, doth wait 
 
 ^•^^ Blore — gale. 
 
 Stripped — passed rapidly. 
 ^ Heavm^s Comforter of sight — the Sun ; repxpiix^porov 
 
 7)€\l0L0. 
 
 It faiVd f obey — i. e. the ship would not obey the rudder. 
 
40 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 With safe pass on Alpbseus, Pylos' sands, 
 And Pylian dwellers; keeping by the strands 
 On which th' inhabitants of Criinius dwell, 
 And Helida set opposite to hell ; 
 Chalcis and Dymes reach'd, and happily 
 Made sail by Pheras ; all being overjoy'd 
 With tbat frank gale that Jove himself employ 'd. 
 And then amongst the clouds they might descry 
 The hill, that far-seen Ithaca calls her Eye, 
 Dulichius, Samos, and, with timber graced, 
 Shady Zacynthus. But when now they past 
 Peloponnesus all, and then when show'd 
 The infinite veil of Crissa, that dotli shroud 
 All rich Morea with her liberal breast. 
 So frank a gale there flew out of the West 
 As all the sky discovered ; 'twas so great. 
 And blew so from the very council seat 
 Of Jove himself, that quickly it might send 
 The ship through full seas to her journey's end. 
 
 From thence they sail'd, quite opposite, to the East, 
 And to the region where Light leaves liis rest, 
 The Light himself being sacred pilot there. 
 And made the sea-trod ship arrive them near 
 The grapeful Crissa, where he rest doth take 
 Close to her port and sands. And then forth brake 
 The far-shot King, like to a star that strows 
 His glorious forehead where the mid-day glows, 
 That all in sparkles did his state attire. 
 Whose lustre leap'd up to the sphere of fire. 
 He trod where no way oped, and pierced the place 
 "That of his sacred tripods held the grace, 
 Arrive — i. e. cause to arrive. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO, 
 
 41 
 
 In which he lighted such a fluent flame 
 
 As gilt all Crissa ; in wliich every dame, 
 
 And dame's fair daughter, cast out vehement cries ^'•^•^ 
 
 At those fell fires of Phoebus' prodigies. 
 
 That shaking fears tlirough all their fancies threw. 
 
 Then, like the mind's swift light, again lie flew 
 
 Back to the ship, shaped like a youth in height 
 
 Of all his graces, shoulders broad and straight, 
 
 And all his hair in golden curls enwrapp'd ; 
 
 And to the merchants thus his speech he shap'd : 
 
 "Ho! Strangers! What are you*? And from what seat 
 Sail ye these ways that salt and water sweat 
 To traffic justly ? Or use vagrant scapes ''^^ 
 Void of all rule, conferring wrongs and rapes, 
 Like pirates, on the men ye never saw, 
 With minds project exempt from list or law 
 Why sit ye here so stupefied, nor take 
 Land while ye may, nor deposition make 
 Of naval arms, when this the fashion is 
 Of men industrious, who (their faculties 
 Wearied at sea) leave ship, and use the land 
 For food, that with their healths and stomachs stand 
 
 This said, with bold minds he their breast supplied, 
 And thus made answer the Cretensian guide : 
 
 " Stranger ! Because you seem to us no seed 
 Of any mortal, but celestial breed 
 For parts and person, joy your steps ensue, 
 And Gods make good the bliss we think your due. 
 Vouchsafe us true relation, on what land 
 We here arrive, and what men here command. 
 We were for well-known parts bound, and from Crete 
 (Our vaunted country) to the Pylian seat 
 
42 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 Yow'd our whole voyage ; yet arrive we here, 
 Quite cross to those wills that our motions steer, 
 Wishing to make return some other way, 
 Some other course desirous to assay, 
 To pay our lost pains. But some God hath filFd 
 Our frustrate sails, defeating what we wilFd." 
 
 Apollo answer'd : " Strangers ! Though hefore 
 Ye dwelt in woody Cnossus, yet no more 
 Ye must be made your own reciprocals 
 To your loved city and fair severals 
 Of wives and houses, but ye shall have here 
 My wealthy temple, honour'd far and near 
 Of many a nation ; for myself am son 
 To Jove himself, and of Apollo won 
 The glorious title, who thus safely through 
 The sea's vast billows still have held your plough, 
 No ill intending, that will yet ye make 
 My temple here your own, and honours take 
 Upon yourselves, all that to me are given. 
 And more, the counsels of the King of Heaven 
 Yourselves shall know, and with his will receive 
 Ever the honours that all men shall give. 
 Do as I say then instantly, strike sail. 
 Take down your tackling, and your vessel hale 
 Up into land ; your goods bring forth, and all 
 The instruments that into sailing fall ; 
 Make on this shore an altar, fire entiame. 
 And barley white cakes offer to my name ; 
 And then, environing the altar, pray. 
 And call me (as ye saw me in the day 
 When from the windy seas I brake swift way 
 Into your ship) Delphinius, since I took 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 A dolphin's form then. And to every look 
 
 That there shall seek it, that my altar shall 
 
 Be made a Delphian memorial 
 
 From thence for ever. After this, ascend 
 
 Your swift black ship and sup, and then intend 
 
 Ingenuous offerings to the equal Gods 
 
 That in celestial seats make blest abodes. 
 
 When, having stayed your healthful hunger's sting, 
 
 Come all with me, and lo-pseans sing 
 
 All the way's length, till you attain the state 
 
 Where I your opulent fane have consecrate." 
 
 To this they gave him passing diligent ear. 
 And vow'd to his obedience all they were. 
 
 First, striking sail, their tacklings then they losed, 
 And (with their gables stoop'd) their mast imjDOsed 
 Into the mast-room. Forth themselves then went. 
 And from the sea into the continent 
 Drew up their ship ; which far up from the sand 
 They rais'd with ample rafters. Then in hand 
 They took the altar, and inform'd it on 
 The sea's near shore, imposing thereupon 
 White cakes of barley, fire made, and did stand 
 About it round, as Phoebus gave command, 
 Submitting invocations to his will. 
 Then sacrific'd to all the heavenly hill 
 Of pow'rful Godheads. After which they eat 
 Aboard their ship, till with lit food replete 
 They rose, nor to their temple used delay. 
 Whom Phoebus usher'd, and touch'd all the way 
 
 7«i Inteiid—See Odyssey, Bk. iii. 648. 
 
 '^^ Informed — supra, 575. 
 
 '^^'^ Food— the folio and Mr. Singer, foot. 
 
44 
 
 A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 His heavenly lute with art above admired, 
 Gracefully leading them. When all were fired 
 With zeal to him, and followed wond'ring all 
 To Pythos ; and upon his name did call 
 With lo-paeans, such as Cretans use. 
 And in their bosoms did the deified Muse 
 Voices of honey-harmony infuse. 
 
 With never- weary feet their way they went, 
 And made with all alacrity ascent 
 Up to Parnassus, and that loiig'd-for place 
 Where they should live, and be of men the grace. 
 When, all the way, Apollo show'd tliem still 
 Their far-stretch'd valleys, and their two-topp'd hill. 
 Their famous fane, and all that all could raise 
 To a supreme height of their joy and praise. 
 
 And then the Cretan captain thus inquired 
 Of King Apollo : " Since you have retired, 
 •O sovereign, our sad lives so far from friends 
 And native soil (because so far extends 
 Your dear mind's pleasure) tell us how we shall 
 Live in your service ? To which question call 
 'Our provident minds, because we see not crown'd 
 This soil with store of vines, nor doth abound 
 In wealthy meadows, on which we may live. 
 As well as on men our attendance give." 
 
 He smiled, and said : "0 men that nothing know, 
 And so are followed with a world of woe, 
 That needs will succour care and curious moan, 
 And pour out sighs without cessation, 
 W^ere all the riches of the earth your own ! 
 Without much business, I will render known 
 Retired — i. e. caused to retire. 
 
A HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
 To your simplicities an easy way 
 
 To wealth enough : Let every man purvey 
 
 A skeane, or slaught'ring steel, and his right hand, 
 
 Bravely bestowing, ever more see manned 
 
 With killing sheep, that to my fane will flow 
 
 From all far natious. On all which bestow 
 
 Good observation, and all else they give 
 
 To me make you your own all, and so live. 
 
 For all which watch before my temple well. 
 
 And all my counsels, above all, conceal. 
 
 If any give vain language, or to deeds, 
 
 Yea or as far as injury, proceeds. 
 
 Know that, at losers' hands, for those that gain, 
 
 It is the law of mortals to sustain. 
 
 Besides, ye shall have princes to obey, 
 
 Which still ye must, and (so ye gain) ye may. 
 
 All now is said ; give all thy memory's stay.'* 
 
 And thus to thee, Jove and Latona's son. 
 Be given all grace of salutation ! 
 Both thee and others of th' Immortal State 
 My song shall memorize to endless date. 
 
 Skeane — generally used as a sword. A Celtic word. 
 Nares. 
 
 THE END OF THE HYMN TO APOLLO. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 ERMES, the son of Jove and Maia, sing, 
 0 Muse, th' Arcadian and Cyllenian king, 
 They rich in flocks, he heaven enriching 
 still 
 
 In messages return'd with all his will. 
 Whom glorious Maia, the nymph rich in hair, ^ 
 Mixing with Jove in amorous affair. 
 Brought forth to him, sustaining a retreat 
 From all th' Immortals of the blessed seat. 
 And living in the same dark cave, where Jove 
 Informed at midnight the effect of love, 
 Unknown to either man or Deity, 
 Sweet sleep once having seized the jealous eye 
 Of Juno deck'd with wrists of ivory. 
 But when great Jove's high mind was consummate. 
 The tenth month had in heaven confined the date ^' 
 Of Maia's labour, and into the sight 
 She brought in one birth labours infinite ; 
 For then she bore a son, that all tried ways 
 Could turn and wind to wish'd events assays, 
 A fair tongu'd, but false-hearted, counsellor, 2( 
 Rector of ox-stealers, and for all stealths bore 
 Informed — Hymn to Apollo, 575. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 47 
 
 A varied finger ; speeder of night's spies, 
 
 And guide of all her dream's obscurities ; 
 
 Guard of door-guardians ; and was born to be, 
 
 Amongst th' Immortals, that wing'd Deity 25 
 
 That in an instant should do acts would ask 
 
 The powers of others an eternal task. 
 
 Born in the morn, he form'd his lute at noon, 
 
 At night stole all the oxen of the Sun ; 
 
 And all this in his birth's first day was done, 
 
 Which was the fourth of the increasing moon. 
 Because celestial limbs sustain'd his strains, 
 
 His sacred swath-bands must not be his chains, 
 
 So, starting up, to Phoebus' herd he stept. 
 
 Found straight the high-roof 'd cave where they were kept, 
 
 And th' entry passing, he th' invention found 
 
 Of making lutes ; and did in wealth abound 
 
 By that invention, since he first of all 
 
 Was author of that engine musical. 
 
 By this means moved to the ingenious work : 
 
 jS'ear the cave's inmost overture did lurk 
 
 A tortoise, tasting th' odoriferous grass. 
 
 Leisurely moving ; and this object Avas 
 
 The motive to Jove's son (who could convert 
 
 To profitablest uses all desert 
 
 That nature had in any work convey'd) 
 
 To form the lute ; when, smiling, thus he said : 
 
 " Thou mov'st in me a note of excellent use. 
 
 Which thy ill form shall never so seduce 
 
 T' avert the good to be inform'd by it, 
 
 In pliant force, of my form-forging wit." 
 
 Then the slow tortoise, wrought on by his mind, 
 ■^^ Overture — hidden recess. 
 
48 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 He thus saluted : " All joy to the kind 
 
 Instinct of nature in thee, born to be 
 
 The spiriter of dances, compan^^ 55 
 
 For feasts, and following banquets, graced and blest 
 
 For bearing light to all the interest 
 
 Claimed in this instrument ! From whence shall spring 
 
 Play fair and sweet, to wiiich may Graces sing. 
 
 A pretty painted coat thou putt'st on here, 
 
 O Tortoise, while thy ill-bred vital sphere 
 
 Confines thy fashion ; but, surprised by me, 
 
 I'll bear thee home, where thou shalt ever be 
 
 A profit to me ] and yet nothing more 
 
 Will I contemn thee in my merited store. 
 
 Goods with good parts got worth and honour gave, 
 
 Left goods and honours every fool may have, 
 
 And since thou first shall give me means to live, 
 
 I'll love thee ever. Virtuous qualities give 
 
 To live at home with them enough content, 
 
 Where those that want such inward ornament 
 
 Fly out for outward, their life made their load. 
 
 ^Tis best to be at home, harm lurks abroad. 
 
 And certainly thy virtue shall be known, 
 
 'Gainst great-ill -causing incantation 
 
 To serve as for a lance or amulet. 
 
 And where, in comfort of thy vital heat, 
 
 Thou now breath 'st but a sound confus'd for song, 
 
 Expos'd by nature, after death, more strong 
 
 Thou shalt in sounds of art be, and command 
 
 Song infinite sweeter." Thus with either hand 
 
 He took it up, and instantly took flight 
 
 Back to his cave with that his home delight. 
 
 Where (giving to the mountain tortoise vents 
 
 AChapmannic periphrasis for killing the tortoise. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Of life and motion) with fit instruments 
 
 Forged of bright steel he straight inform'd a lute, 
 
 Put neck and frets to it, of Avhich a suit 
 
 He made of splitted quills, in equal space 
 
 Impos'd upon the neck, and did embrace 
 
 Both back and bosom. At whose height (as gins 
 
 extend and ease the string) he put in pins. 
 Seven strings of several tunes he then applied. 
 Made of the entrails of a sheep well-dried, 
 And throughly twisted. Next he did provide 
 A case for all, made of an ox's hide, 
 Out of his counsels to preserve as well 
 As to create. And all this action fell 
 Into an instant consequence. His word 
 And work had individual accord, 
 All being as swiftly to perfection brought 
 As any worldly man's most ravish'd thought. 
 Whose mind care cuts in an infinity 
 Of varied parts or passions instantly. 
 Or as the frequent twinklings of an eye. 
 
 And thus his house-delight given absolute end. 
 He touch'd it, and did every string extend 
 (With an exploratory spirit assay'd) 
 To all the parts that could on it be play'd. 
 It sounded dreadfully ; to which he sung, 
 As if from thence the first and true force sprung 
 That fashions virtue. God in him did sing. 
 His play was likewise an unspeakable thing, 
 Yet, but as an extern poral assay. 
 Of what show it would make being the first way, 
 It tried his hand ; or a tumultuous noise, 
 Such as at feasts tlie first-fiower'd spirits of boys 
 
50 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Pour out in mutual contumelies still, 
 
 As little squaring with his curious will, 
 
 Or was as wanton and untaught a store. 
 
 Of Jove, and Maia that rich shoes still wore, ^-^ 
 
 He sung ; who sufFer'd ill reports l)efore, 
 
 And foul stains under her fair titles bore. 
 
 But Hermes sung her nation, and her name 
 
 Did iterate ever ; all her higli-flown fame 
 
 Of being Jove's mistress ; celebrating all ^-^ 
 
 Her train of servants, and collateral 
 
 Sumpture of houses ; all her tripods there, 
 
 And caldrons huge, increasing ever}^ year. 
 
 All which she knew, yet felt her knowledge stung 
 
 With her fame's loss, which (found) she more w^ish'd sung. 
 
 But now he in his sacred cradle laid 
 
 His lute so absolute, and straight convey'd 
 
 Himself up to a watch-tow'r forth his house, 
 
 Eich, and divinely odoriferous, 
 
 A lofty wile at work in his conceit, 
 
 Thirsting the practice of his empire's height. 
 
 And where impostors rule (since sable night 
 
 Must serve their deeds) he did his deeds their right. 
 
 For now the never-resting Sun was turn'd 
 
 For th' under earth, and in the ocean burn'd 
 
 His coach and coursers ; when th' ingenious spy 
 
 Pieria's shady hill had in his eye, 
 
 Where the immortal oxen of the Gods 
 
 In air's flood solaced their select abodes, 
 
 And earth's sweet green flow'r, that was never shorn. 
 
 Fed ever down. And these the witty-born, ^'^^ 
 
 Argicides, set serious spy upon. 
 
 Severing from all the rest, and setting gone 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 51 
 
 Full fifty of the violent bellowers. 
 
 Which driving through the sands, he did reverse 
 
 (His birthVcraft straight rememb'ring) all their hoves, 
 
 And then transpos'd in opposite removes, 
 
 The fore behind set, the behind before, 
 
 T' employ the eyes of such as should explore. 
 
 And he himself, as sly-pac'd, cast awa}^ 
 
 His sandals on the sea sands ; past display 
 
 And unexcogitable thoughts in act 
 
 Putting, to shun of his stol'n steps the tract, 
 
 Mixing both tamrisk and like-tamrisk sprays 
 
 In a most rare confusion, to raise 
 
 His footsteps up from earth. Of which sprays he 
 
 (His armful gathering fresh from off the tree) 
 
 Made for his sandals ties, both leaves and ties 
 
 Holding together ; and then fear'd no eyes 
 
 That could affect his feet's discoveries. 
 
 The tamrisk boughs he gather'd, making way 
 Back from Pieria, but as to convey 
 Provision in them for his journey fit, 
 It being long and, therefore, needing it. 
 
 An old man, now at labour near the field ^' 
 Of green Onchestus, knew the verdant yield 
 Of his fair armful ; whom th' ingenious son 
 Of Maia, therefore, salutation 
 Did thus begin to : " Ho, old man ! that now 
 Art crooked grown with making plants to grow, ^' 
 Thy nerves will far be spent, when these boughs shall 
 To these their leaves confer me fruit and all. 
 But see not thou whatever thou dost see. 
 Nor hear though hear, but all as touching me 
 Conceal, since nought it can endamage thee." ^ 
 
52 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 This, and no more, he said, and on drave still 
 His broad-brow'd oxen. Many a shady hill, 
 And many an echoing valley, many a field 
 Pleasant and wishful, did his passage yield 
 Their safe transcension. But now the divine 
 And black-brow'd Night, his mistress, did decline 
 Exceeding swiftly ; Day's most early light 
 Fast hasting to her first point, to excite 
 Worldlings to work ; and in her watcli-tow'r shone 
 King Pallas-Megamedes' seed (the Moon) ; 
 When through th' Alphaeah flood Jove's powerful son 
 Phoebus-Apollo's ample-foreheaded herd 
 (Whose necks the laVring yoke had never sphered) 
 Drave swiftly on ; and then into a stall 
 (Hilly, yet pass'd to through an humble vale 
 And hollow dells, in a most lovely mead) 
 He gather'd all, and them divinely fed 
 With odorous cypress, and the ravishing tree 
 That makes his eaters lose the memory 
 Of name and country. Then he brought withal 
 Much wood, whose sight into his search let fall 
 The art of making fire ; which thus he tried : 
 He took a branch of laurel, amplified 
 Past others both in beauty and in size, 
 Yet lay next hand, rubb'd it, and straight did rise ' 
 A warm fume from it; steel being that did raise 
 (As agent) the attenuated bays 
 To that hot vapour. So that Hermes found 
 Both fire first, and of it the seed close bound 
 In other substances ; and then the seed ^ 
 He multiplied, of sere-wood making feed 
 The lotus. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 The apt heat of it, in a pile combined 
 
 Laid in a low pit, that in flames straight shined, 
 
 And cast a sparkling crack up to the sky, 
 
 All the dry parts so fervent were, and high 
 
 In their combustion. And how long the force 
 
 Of glorious Vulcan kept the lire in course. 
 
 So long was he in dragging from their stall 
 
 Two of the crook-haunch'd herd, that roar'd withal. 
 
 And raged for fear, t* approach the sacred fire. 
 
 To which did all his dreadful pow'rs aspire. 
 
 When, blust'ring forth their breath, he on the soil 
 
 Cast both at length, though with a world of toil, 
 
 For long he was in getting them to ground 
 
 After their through-thrust and most mortal wound. 
 
 But work to work he join'd, the flesh and cut, 
 
 Cover'd with fat, and, on treen broches put, 
 
 In pieces roasted ; but in th' intestines 
 
 The black blood, and the honorary chines. 
 
 Together with the carcases, lay there, 
 
 Cast on the cold earth, as no Deities' cheer ; 
 
 The hides upon a rugged rock he spread. 
 
 And thus were these now all in pieces shred, 
 
 And undistinguish'd from earth's common herd, 
 
 Though born for long date, and to heaven endeared. 
 
 And now must ever live in dead event. 
 
 But Hermes, here hence having his content, 
 
 Cared for no more, but drew to places even 
 
 The fat-works, that, of force, must have for heaven 
 
 Their capital ends, though stolen, and therefore were 
 
 In twelve parts cut, for twelve choice Deities' cheer, 
 
 By this devotion. To all which he gave 
 
 Treen broches — branches of trees. 
 
54 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Their several honours, and did wish to have 
 
 His equal part thereof, as free and well 
 
 As th' other Deities ; but the fatty smell 
 
 Afflicted him, though lie Immortal were, 
 
 Playing mortal parts, and being like mortals here. 
 
 Yet his proud mind nothing the more obey'd 
 
 For being a God himself, and his own aid 
 
 Having to cause his due, and though in heart 
 
 He highly wish'd it ; but the weaker part 
 
 Subdued the stronger, and went on in ill. 
 
 Even heavenly pow'r had rather have his will 
 
 Than have his right ; and will's the worst of all, 
 
 When but in least sort it is criminal, 
 
 One taint being author of a number still. 
 
 And thus, resolved to leave his hallow'd hill. 
 
 First both the fat parts and the fleshy all 
 
 Taking away, at the steep-entried stall 
 
 He laid all, all the feet and heads entire. 
 
 And all the sere-wood, making clear with fire. 
 
 And now, he leaving there then all things done. 
 
 And finished in their fit perfection. 
 
 The coals put out, and their black ashes thrown 
 
 From all discovery by the lovely light 
 
 The cheerful moon cast, shining all the night. 
 
 He straight assumed a novel voice's note. 
 
 And in the whirl-pit-eating flood afloat 
 
 He set his sandals. When now, once again 
 
 The that-morn-born Cyllenius did attain 
 
 His home's divine height ; all the far-stretch'd way 
 
 No one bless'd God encount'ring his assay, 
 
 Jfor mortal man ; nor any dog durst spend 
 
 His born-to-bark mouth at him ; till in th' end 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 He reach'd his cave, and at the gate went in 
 
 Crooked, and wrapt into a fold so thin 
 
 That no eye could discover his repair, 
 
 But as a darkness of th' autumnal air. 
 
 When, going on fore-right, he straight arrived 
 
 At his rich fane ; his soft feet quite deprived 
 
 Of all least noise of one that trod the earth, 
 
 They trod so swift to reach his room of birth. 
 
 Where, in his swath-bands he his shoulders wrapt. 
 
 And (like an infant, newly having scap't 
 
 The teeming straits) as in the palms he lay 
 
 Of his loved nurse. Yet instantly would play 
 
 (Freeing his right hand) with his bearing cloth 
 
 About his knees wrapt, and straight (loosing botli 
 
 His right and left hand) with his left he caught 
 
 His most-loved lute. His mother yet was taught 
 
 His wanton wiles, nor could a God's wit lie 
 
 Hid from a Goddess, who did therefore try 
 
 His answer thus : Why, thou made-all-of-sleight. 
 
 And whence arriv'st thou in this rest of night 
 
 Improvident inpudent ! In my conceit 
 
 Thou rather shouldst be getting forth thy gate, 
 
 With all flight fit for thy endaiiger'd state, 
 
 (In merit of th' inevitable bands 
 
 To be impos'd by vex'd Latona's hands, 
 
 Justly incensed for her Apollo's harms) 
 
 Than lie thus wrapt, as ready for her arms. 
 
 To take thee up and kiss thee. Would to heaven. 
 
 In cross of that high grace, thou hadst been given 
 
 Up to perdition, ere poor mortals bear 
 
 Those black banes, that thy Father Thunderer 
 
 Hath planted thee of purpose to confer 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 On them and Deities ! " He returned reply : 
 " As master of the feats of policy, 
 Mother, why aim you thus amiss at me, 
 As if I were a son that infancy 
 Could keep from all the skill that age can teach, 
 Or had in cheating but a childish reach. 
 And of a mother's mandates fear'd the breach ^ 
 I mount that art at first, that will be best 
 When all times consummate their cunningest. 
 Able to counsel now myself and thee. 
 In all things best, to all eternity. 
 We cannot live like Gods here without gifts, 
 No, nor without corruption and shifts, 
 And, much less, without eating ; as we must 
 In keeping thy rules, and in being just. 
 Of which we cannot undergo the loads. 
 'Tis better here to imitate the Gods, 
 And wine or wench out all time's periods, 
 To that end growing rich in ready heaps, 
 Stored with revenues, being in corn-field reaps 
 Of infinite acres, than to live enclosed 
 In caves, to all earth's sweetest air exposed. 
 I as much honour hold as Phoebus does ; 
 And if my Father please not to dispose 
 Possessions to me, I myself will see 
 If I can force them in ; for I can be 
 Prince of all thieves. And, if Latona's son 
 Make after my stealth indignation, 
 I'll have a scape as well as he a search, 
 And overtake him with a greater lurch ; 
 For I can post to Pythos, and break through 
 336 Lurch— deceit, falsehood. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 57 
 
 His huge house there, where harbours wealth enough, 
 Most precious tripods, caldrons, steel, and gold, 
 •Garments rich wrought, and full of liberal fold. -^^o 
 All which will I at pleasure own, and thou 
 Shalt see all, wilt thou but thy sight bestow." 
 
 Thus changed great words the Goat-hide-wearer's son, 
 And Maia of majestic fashion. 
 
 And now the air-begot Aurora rose 
 From out the Ocean great-in-ebbs-and-flows. 
 When, at the never-shorn pure-and-fair grove 
 (Onchestus) consecrated to the love 
 Of round-and-long-neck'd Neptune, Phoebus found 
 A man whom heavy years had press'd half round, 
 And yet at work in plashing of a fence 
 About a vineyard, that had residence 
 Hard by the highway ; whom Latona's son 
 Made it not strange, but first did question. 
 And first saluted : " Ho you ! aged sire, 
 That here are hewing from the vine the briar, 
 For certain oxen I come here t' inquire 
 Out of Pieria ; females all, and rear'd 
 All with horns wreath'd, unlike the common herd ; 
 A coal-black bull fed by them all alone ; 
 And all observ'd, for preservation. 
 Through all their foody and delicious fen 
 With four fierce mastifis, like one-minded men. 
 These left their dogs and bull (which I admire) 
 And, when was near set day's eternal fire, ^^'^ 
 
 Goat-hide-wtartr — Jupiter. 
 
 Plashivg — to plash a fence is still used for half -cutting 
 •down the saplings and loftier branches of a hedge, and entwin- 
 ing them horizontally. 
 
 Which I admire— which I am astonished at. 
 
58 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 From their fierce guardians, from their delicate fare, 
 Made clear departure. To me then declare, 
 
 0 old man, long since born, if thy grave ray 
 Hath any man seen making stealth ful Avay 
 
 With all those oxen." Th' old man made reply : ^"^ 
 
 Tis hard, 0 friend, to render readily 
 Account of all that may invade mine eye, 
 For many a traveller this highway treads. 
 Some in much ills search, some in noble threads, 
 Leading their lives out ; but I this young day, ^'^ 
 Even from her first point, have made good display 
 Of all men passing this abundant hill 
 Planted with vines, and no such stealthful ill 
 Her light hath shown me ; but last evening, late, 
 
 1 saw a thing that show'd of childish state 
 To my old lights, and seem'd as he purc-ued 
 A herd of oxen with brave heads endued, 
 Yet but an infant, and retain'd a rod ; 
 Who wearily both this and that way tro«l, 
 
 His head still backwards turn'd." This th' old man spake ; 
 Which he well thought upon, and swiftly brake 
 Into his pursuit with abundant wing, 
 That strook but one plain, ere he knew the thing 
 That was the thief to be th' impostor born ; 
 Whom Jove yet with his son's name did adorn. 
 In study and with ardour then the King 
 (Jove's dazzling son) placed his exploring wing 
 On sacred Pylos, for his forced herd. 
 His ample shoulders in a cloud enspherd 
 Of fiery crimson. Straight the steps he found ^-^^ 
 Of his stol'n herd, and said : " Strange sights confound 
 ^ Bay — vision, eye. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 My apprehensive powers, for here I see 
 The tracks of oxen, but aversively 
 Converted towards the Pierian hills, 
 As treading to their mead of daffodils : 
 But nor mine eye men's feet nor women's draws, 
 Kor hoary wolves', nor bears', nor lions', paws, 
 Nor thick -neck'd bulls, they show. But he that does 
 These monstrous deeds, with never so swift shoes 
 Hath pass'd from that hour hither, but from hence 
 His foul course may meet fouler consequence." 
 With this took Phoebus wing ; and Hermes still, 
 For all his threats, secure lay in his hill 
 Wall'd with a wood ; and more, a rock, beside. 
 Where a retreat ran, deeply multiplied 
 In blinding shadows, and where th' endless Bride 
 Bore to Saturnius his ingenious son ; 
 An odour, worth a heart's desire, being thrown 
 Along the heaven-sweet hill, on whose herb fed 
 Eich flocks of sheep, that bow not where they tread 
 Their horny pasterns. There the Light of men 
 (Jove's son, Apollo) straight descended then 
 The marble pavement, in that gloomy den. 
 On whom when Jove and Maia's son set eye. 
 Wroth for his oxen, on then, instantly. 
 His odorous swath-bands flew ; in which as close 
 Th' impostor lay, as in the cool repose 
 Of cast-on ashes hearths of burning coals 
 Lie in the woods hid, under the controls 
 Of skilful colliers ; even so close did lie 
 Inscrutable Hermes in Apollo's eye, 
 Contracting his great Godhead to a small 
 
 Endless — immortal, vvfxcp-q dfJippoa-iTj. 
 
60 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 And infant likeness, feet, hands, head, and all. 
 
 And as a hunter hath been often view'd. 
 
 From chase retired, with both liis hands embrued 
 
 In his game's blood, and doth for water call 
 
 To cleanse his hands, and to provoke withal 
 
 Delightsome sleep, new-wash'd and laid to rest ; 
 
 So now lay Hermes in the close-compress'd 
 
 •Chace of his oxen, liis new-found-out lute 
 
 Beneath his arm held, as if no pursuit 
 
 But that prise, and the virtue of his play, 
 
 His heart affected. But to Phoebus lay 
 
 His close heart open ; and he likewise knew 
 
 The brave hill-nymph tliere, and her dear son, new- 
 
 Born, and as well wraj^t in his wiles as weeds. 
 
 All the close shrouds too, for his rapinous deeds, 
 
 In all the cave he knew ; and with his key 
 
 He open'd three of them, in which there lay 
 
 Silver and gold-heaps, nectar infinite store, 
 
 And dear ambrosia ; and of weeds she wore, 
 
 Pure white and purple, a rich wardrobe shined, 
 
 Fit for the bless'd states of Pow'rs so divined. 
 
 All which discover'd, thus to Mercury 
 
 He offered conference : Infant 1 You that lie 
 
 Wrapt so in swath-bands, instantly unfold 
 
 In what conceal'd retreats of yours you hold 
 
 My oxen stol'ii by you ; or straight we shall 
 
 Jar, as beseems not Pow'rs Celestial. 
 
 For I will take and hurl thee to the deeps 
 
 •Of dismal Tartarus, where ill Death keeps 
 
 His gloomy and inextricable fates. 
 
 And to no eye that light illuminates 
 
 Chace — enclosure for cattle, like the Latin scUtus, 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Mother nor Father sliall return thee free, 
 But under earth shall sorrow fetter thee, 
 And few repute thee their superior." 
 
 On him replied craft's subtlest Counsellor : 
 " What cruel speech hath passed Latona's care ! 
 Seeks he his stoFn wild-cows where Deities are ? 
 I have nor seen nor heard, nor can report 
 From others' mouths one word of their resort 
 To any stranger. Nor will I, to gain 
 A base reward, a false relation feign. 
 Kdr would I, could I tell. Resemble I 
 An ox- thief, or a man ? Especially 
 A man of such a courage, such a force 
 As to that labour goes, that violent course ? 
 No infant's work is that. My pow'rs aspire 
 To sleep, and quenching of my hunger's fire 
 With mother's milk, and, 'gainst cold shades, to an 
 With cradle-cloths my shoulders, and baths warm, 
 That no man may conceive the war you threat 
 Can spring in cause from my so peaceful heat. 
 And, even amongst th' Immortals it would bear 
 Event of absolute miracle, to hear 
 A new-born infant's forces should transcend 
 The limits of his doors ; much less contend 
 With untam'd oxen. This speech nothing seems 
 To savour the decorum of the beams 
 Cast round about tlie air Apollo breaks. 
 Where his divine mind her intention speaks. 
 I brake but yesterday the blessed womb. 
 My feet are tendcu*, and the common tomb 
 Of men (the Eartli) lies sharp beneath their tread. 
 But, if you please, even by my Father's head 
 
62 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 I'll take the great oath, that nor I protest 
 Myself to author on your interest 
 Any such usurpation, nor have I ' 
 Seen any other that feloniously 
 Hath forced your oxen. Strange thing ! What are 
 Oxen of yours ? Or what are oxen ? Knows 
 My rude mind, think you ? My ears only touch 
 At their renown, and hear that there are such." 
 
 This speecli he pass'd ; and, ever as he spake. 
 Beams from the hair about his eyelids brake. 
 His eyebrows up and down cast, and his eye 
 Every way look'd askance and carelessly. 
 And he into a lofty w^histling fell. 
 As if he idle thought Apollo's spell. 
 
 Apollo, gently smiling, made reply : 
 **0 thou impostor, Avhose thoughts ever lie 
 In labour with deceit ! For certain, I 
 Retain opinion, that thou (even thus soon) 
 Hast ransack'd many a house, and not in one 
 Niglit's-work alone, nor in one country neither. 
 Hast been besieging house and man together. 
 Rigging and rifling always, and no noise 
 Made with thy soft feet, where it all destroys. 
 Soft, therefore, well, and tender, thou may'st call 
 The feet that thy stealths go and fly withal. 
 For many a field-bred herdsman (unheard still) 
 Hast thou made drown the caverns of the hill. 
 Where his retreats lie, with his helpless tears, r 
 When any flesh-stealth thy desire endears. 
 And thou encount'rest either flocks of sheep, 
 ■ Or herds of oxen ! Up then ! Do not sleep 
 Rigging —tvickmg. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 63 
 
 Thy last nap in thy cradle, but come down, 
 
 Companion of black night, and, for this crown 
 
 ■Of thy young rapines, bear from all the state 
 
 And style of Prince Thief, into endless date.'' ^25 
 
 This said, he took the infant in his arms, 
 And with him the remembrance of his harms, 
 This presage utt'ring, lifting him aloft : 
 " Be evermore the miserably-soft 
 
 Slave of the belly, pursuivant of all, 53o 
 And author of all mischiefs capital." 
 
 He scorn'd his prophecy, so he sneezed in's face 
 Most forcibly ; which hearing, his embrace 
 He loathed and liurFd him 'gainst the ground ; yet still 
 Took seat before him, though, with all the ill 
 He bore by him, he would have left full fain 
 That hewer of his heart so into twain. 
 Yet salv'd all thus : " Come, you so-swaddled thing ! 
 Issue of ]\Iaia, and the Thunder's King ! 
 Be confident, I shall hereafter find 
 My broad-brow'd oxen, my prophetic mind 
 So far from blaming this thy course, that I 
 Foresee thee in it to posterity 
 The guide of all men, always, to their ends." 
 This spoken, Hermes from the earth ascends, 
 Starting aloft, and as in study went, 
 Wrapping himself in his integument, 
 And thus ask'd Phoebus : Whither force you me, 
 Far-shot, and far most powerful Deity ? 
 1 know, for all your feigning, you're still wroth 
 About your oxen, and suspect my troth. 
 O Jupiter ! I wish the general race 
 Of all earth's oxen rooted from her face. 
 
64 
 
 A HYMN TO HKRMES. 
 
 I steal your oxen ! I again profess 
 That neither I have stol'n them, nor can guess 
 Who else should steal them. What strange beasts 
 these 
 
 Your so-loved oxen ? I must say, to please 
 Your humour thus far, that even my few hours 
 Have heard their fame. But be the sentence yours 
 Of the debate bet^vixt us, or to Jove 
 (For more indifferency) the cause remove.'^ 
 
 Thus when the solitude-affecting God, 
 And the Latonian seed, had laid abroad 
 All things betwixt them ; though not yet agreed, 
 Yet, might I speak, Apollo did proceed 
 Nothing unjustly, to charge Mercury 
 With stealing of the cows he does deny. 
 But his profession was, with filed speech. 
 And craft^s fair compKments, to overreach 
 All, and even Phoebus. Who because he knew 
 His trade of subtlety, he still at view 
 Hunted his foe through all tlie sandy way 
 Up to Olympus. Xor would let him stray 
 From out his sight, but kept behind him still. 
 
 And now they reacliYl tlie odorif rous hill 
 Of high Olympus, to their father Jove, 
 To arbitrate the cause in which they strove. 
 Where, before both, talents of justice were 
 Proposed for him whom Jove should sentence clear, 
 In cause of their contention. And now 
 About Olympus, ever crown'd with snow. 
 The rumour of their controversy flew. 
 All the Incorruptible, to their view, 
 
 ^ Filed speech — see Odyssey, Bk. vi. 219. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 On Heaven's steep mountain made return'd repair. 
 
 Hermes, and He that light hurls through the air, 
 
 Before the Thund'rer's knees stood ; who begun 
 
 To question thus far his illustrious Son : 
 
 " Phoebus ! To wliat end bring'st thou captive here 
 
 Him in whom my mind puts delights so dear ? 
 
 This new-born infant, that tlie place supplies 
 
 Of Herald yet to all the Deities'? 
 
 This serious business, you may witness, draws 
 
 The Deities' whole Court to discuss the cause." 
 
 Phoebus replied : And not unworthy is 
 The cause of all the Court of Deities, 
 For, you shall hear, it comprehends the weight 
 Of devastation, and the very height 
 Of spoil and rapine, even of Deities' rights. 
 Yet you, as if myself loved such delights. 
 Use words that wound my heart. I bring you here 
 An infant, that, even now, admits no peer 
 In rapes and robb'ries. Finding out his place, 
 After my measure of an infinite space. 
 In the Cyllenian mountain, such a one 
 In all the art of opprobration. 
 As not in all the Deities I have seen, 
 Xor in th' oblivion-mark'd whole race of men. 
 In night he drave my oxen from their leas. 
 Along the lofty roar-resounding seas. 
 From out the road- way quite ; the steps of them 
 So quite transpos'd, as would amaze the beam 
 Of any mind's eye, being so infinite much 
 Involv'd in doubt, as shoAv'd a deified touch 
 Went to the work's performance ; all the way. 
 Through which my cross-hoved cows he did convey, 
 
66 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Had dust so darkly-liard to search, and he 
 
 So past all measure wrapt in subtilty. 
 
 For, nor with feet, nor hands, he forni'd his steps, 
 
 In passing through the dry Av-ay's sandy heaps, 
 
 But used another counsel to keep hid 
 
 His monstrous tracts, that show'd as one had slid 
 
 On oak or other boughs, that swept out still 
 
 The footsteps of his oxen, and did fill 
 
 Their prints up ever, to the dalfodill 
 
 (Or dainty-feeding meadow) as they trod. 
 
 Driven by this cautelous and infant God. 
 
 A mortal man, yet, saw him driving on 
 His prey to Pylos. Whicli when he had done, 
 And got his pass sign'd, witli a sacred fire, 
 In peace, and freely (though to his desire, 
 J^ot to the Gods, he oifer'd part of these 
 My ravish'd oxen) he retires, and lies. 
 Like to the gloomy night, in his dim den. 
 All hid in darkness ; and in clouts again 
 Wrapp'd him so closely, that the sharp-seen eye 
 Of your own eagle could not see him lie. 
 For with his hands the air he rarified 
 (This way, and that moved) till bright gleams did 
 About his being, that, if any eye 
 Should dare the darkness, light appos'd so nigh 
 Might blind it quite with her antipathy. 
 "Which wile he wove, in curious care t' illude 
 Th' extreme of any eye that could intrude. 
 On which relying, he outrageously 
 (When I accus'd him) trebled his reply : 
 * I did not see, I did not hear, nor I 
 
 Cautelous — artful. A common word. 
 645 Trebled — whined, spoke in a whining tone. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 67 
 
 Will tell at all, that any other stole 
 
 Your broad-broAv'd beeves. Which an impostor's soul 
 
 Would soon have done, and any author fain 
 
 Of purpose only a reward to gain.' ^ 
 
 And thus he colour'd truth in every lie." 
 
 This said, Apollo sat ; and Mercury 
 The Gods' Commander pleased with this reply : 
 " Father ! I'll tell thee truth (for I am true, 
 And far from art to lie) : He did pursue ^ 
 Even to my cave his oxen this self day. 
 The sun new-raising his illustrious ray ; 
 But brought with him none of the Bliss-endued, 
 Nor any ocular witness, to conclude 
 His bare assertion ; but his own command ^ 
 Laid on with strong and necessary hand. 
 To show his oxen ; using threats to cast 
 My poor and infant powers into the vast 
 Of ghastly Tartarus ; because he bears 
 Of strength-sustaining youth the flaming years, ^ 
 And I but yesterday produced to light. 
 By which it fell into his own free sight. 
 That I in no similitude appear'd 
 Of power to be the forcer of a herd. 
 And credit me, 0 Father, since the grace ^ 
 Of that name, in your style, you please to place, 
 I drave not home his oxen, no, nor prest 
 Past mine own threshold ; for 'tis manifest, 
 I reverence with my soul the Sun, and all 
 The knowing dwellers in this heavenly Hall, ^ 
 Love you, observe the least ; and 'tis most clear 
 In your own knowledge, that my merits bear 
 No least guilt of his blame. To all which I 
 
68 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Dare add heaven's great oath, boldly swearing by 
 All these so well-built entries of the Blest. 
 And therefore when I saw myself so prest 
 With his reproaches, I confess I burn'd 
 In my pure gall, and harsh reply returned. 
 Add your aid to your younger then, and free 
 The scruj^le fixt in Phoebus' jealousy." 
 
 This said he wink'd upon his Sire ; and still 
 His swathbands held beneath his arm ; no will 
 Discerned in him to hide, but have them shown. 
 
 Jove laugh'd aloud at his ingenious Son, 
 Quitting himself with art, so likely wrought, 
 As show'd in his heart not a rapinous thought ; 
 Commanding both to bear atoned minds 
 And seek out th' oxen ; in which search he binds 
 Hermes to play the guide, and show the Sun 
 (All grudge exil'd) the shrowd to wliich he won 
 His fair-eyed oxen ; then his forehead bow'd 
 For sign it must be so ; and Hermes show'd 
 His free obedience ; so soon he inclined 
 To his persuasion and command his mind. 
 
 Xow, then, Jove's jarring Sons no longer stood. 
 But sandy Pylos and th' Alphsean flood 
 Keach'd instantly, and made as quick a fall 
 On those rich-feeding fields and lofty stall 
 Where Phcebus' oxen Hermes safely kept. 
 Driven in by night. When suddenly he stept 
 Up to the stony cave, and into light 
 Drave forth the oxen. Phoebus at first sight 
 Knew them the same, and saw apart dispread 
 
 Shrowd— caves underground. The crypt of 
 church sometimes so called. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 Upon a bigh-rais'd rock the hides new flead 
 Of th' oxen sacrific'd. Then Plicebus said : 
 " 0 thou in crafty counsels undisplaid ! 
 How couldst thou cut tlie throats, and cast to earth 
 Two such huge oxen, being so young a birth, 
 And a mere infant? I admire thy force, 
 And will, behind thy l)ack. But this swift course 
 Of growing into strength thou hadst not need 
 Continue any long date, (J thou Seed 
 Of h onour'd jNIaia ! " Hermes (to show how 
 He did those deeds) did forthwith cut and bow 
 Strong osiers in soft folds, and strappled straight 
 One of his hugest oxen, all his weight 
 Lay'ng prostrate on the earth at Phoebus' feet. 
 All his four cloven hoves eas'ly made to greet 
 Each other upwards, all together brought. 
 In all which bands yet all the beast's powers wrought 
 To rise, and stand ; when all the herd about 
 The mighty Hermes rush'd in, to help out 
 Their fellow from his fetters. Phoebus' view 
 Of all this up to admiration drew 
 Even his high forces ; and stern looks he threw 
 At Hermes for his herd's wrong, and the place 
 To which he had retir'd them, being in grace 
 And fruitful riches of it so entire ; 
 All which set all his force on envious fire. 
 All whose heat flew out of his eyes in flames, 
 Which fain he would have hid, to hide the shames 
 Of his ill-go vern'd passions. But with ease 
 Hermes could calm them, and his humours 23lease 
 Still at his pleasure, were he ne'er so great 
 In force and fortitude, and high in heat. 
 
70 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 In all which he his lute took, and assayM 
 A song upon him, and so strangely play'd, 
 That from his hand a ravishing horror flew. 
 Which Phoebus into laughter turn'd, and grew 
 Pleasant past measure ; tunes so artful clear '^^ 
 Strook even his heart-strings, and liis mind made hear. 
 His lute so powerful Avas in forcing love, 
 As his hand rul'd it, that from him it drove 
 All fear of Phoebus ; yet he gave him still 
 The upper hand ; and, to advance his skill 
 To utmost miracle, he play'd sometimes 
 Single aAvhile ; in which, when all the climes 
 Of rapture he had reached, to make the Sun 
 Admire enough, 0 then his voice would run 
 Such points upon his play, and did so move, 
 They took Apollo prisoner to liis love. 
 And now the deathless Gods and death ful Earth 
 He sung, beginning at their cither's birth 
 To full extent of all their empery. 
 And, first, the honour to Mnemosyne, 
 The Muses' mother, of all Goddess states 
 He gave ; even forced to't by tlie equal fates. 
 And then (as it did in priority fall 
 Of age and birth) he celebrated all. 
 And with such elegance and order sung 
 (His lute still touch'd, to stick more ofl' his tongue) 
 That Phoebus' heart Avith infinite love he eat. 
 Who, therefore, thus did his deserts entreat : 
 Master of sacrifice ! Chief soul of feast ! 
 Patient of all pains ! Artizan so blest, 
 That all things thou canst do in any one ! 
 Worth fifty oxen is th' invention 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 71 
 
 Of tins one lute. AYe both shall now, I hope, 
 
 In firm peace work to all our wishes' scope. 
 
 Inform me (thou that every way canst wind, '"''^ 
 
 And turn to act, all wishes of thy mind) 
 
 Together with thy birth came all thy skill ? 
 
 Or did some God, or God-like man, instill 
 
 This heavenly song to thee ? Methinks I hear 
 
 A new voice, such as never yet came near -"so 
 
 The breast of any, either man or God, 
 
 Till in thee it had prime and period. 
 
 What art, what jMuse that med'cine can produce 
 
 For cares most cureless, what inveterate use 
 
 Or practice of a virtue so profuse 785 
 
 (Which three do all the contribution keep 
 
 That Joy or Love confers, or pleasing Sleep,) 
 
 Taught thee the sovereign facture of them all ? 
 
 I of the Muses am the capital 
 
 Consort, or follower ; and to these belong "-^^ 
 
 The grace of dance, all worthy ways of song, 
 
 And ever-flourishing verse, the delicate set 
 
 And sound of instruments. But never yet 
 
 Did anything so much affect my mind 
 
 With joy and care to compass, as this kind ''^^ 
 
 Of song and play, that for the spritely feast 
 
 Of flourishing assemblies are the best 
 
 And aptest works that ever worth gave act. 
 
 My powers Avith admiration stand distract. 
 
 To hear vrith what a hand to make in love ^'^^ 
 
 Thou ruFst thy lute. And (though thy yong'st hours move 
 
 At full art in old councils) here I vow 
 
 (Even by this cornel dart I use to throw) 
 
 To thee, and to thy mother, I'll make thee 
 
72 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Amongst the Gods of glorious degree, 
 
 Guide of men's ways and theirs ; and will impart 
 
 To thee the mighty imperatory art, 
 
 Bestow rich gifts on thee, and in the end 
 
 !N'ever deceive thee." Hermes (as a friend 
 
 That wrought on all advantage, and made gain 
 
 His capital object) thus did entertain 
 
 Phoebus Apollo : " Do thy dignities, 
 
 Far-Avorking God and circularly wise, 
 
 Demand my virtues 1 Without envy I 
 
 Will teach thee to ascend my faculty. 
 
 And this day thou shalt reach it ; finding me. 
 
 In acts and counsels, all ways kind to thee. 
 
 As one that all things knows, and first tak'st seat 
 
 Amongst th' Immortals, being good and great. 
 
 And therefore to Jove's love mak'st free access. 
 
 Even out of his accomplisht lioliness. 
 
 Great gifts he likewise gives tliee ; who, fame says. 
 
 Hast won thy greatness by his will, his ways. 
 
 By him know'st all the powers prophetical, 
 
 O thou far-worker, and the fates of all ! 
 
 Yea, and I know thee rich, yet apt to learn. 
 
 And even thy wish dost but discern and earn. 
 
 And since thy soul so burns to know the way 
 
 So play and sing as I do, sing, and play ; 
 
 Play, and perfection in thy play employ ; 
 
 And be thy care, to learn things good, thy joy. 
 
 Take thou my lute (my love) and give thou me 
 
 The glory of so great a faculty. 
 
 This sweet-tuned consort, lield but in thy hand, 
 
 Sing, and perfection in thy song command. 
 
 For thou already hast the way to speak 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Fairly and elegantly, and to break 
 
 All eloquence into tliy utter'd mind. 
 
 •One gift from heaven found may another find. 
 
 Use then securely this thy gift, and go 
 
 To feasts and dances that enamour so, 
 
 And to that covetous sport of getting glory. 
 
 That day nor night will suffer to be sory. 
 
 Whoever does but say in verse, sings still ; 
 
 Which he that can of any other skill 
 
 Is capable, so he be taught by art 
 
 And wisdom, and can speak at every part 
 
 Things pleasing to an understanding mind ; 
 
 And such a one that seeks this lute shall find. 
 
 Him still it teaches eas'ly, though he plays 
 
 Soft voluntaries onl}^, and assays 
 
 As wanton as the sports of children are, 
 
 And (even when he aspires to singular 
 
 In all the masteries he shall play or sing) 
 
 Finds the whole work but an unhappy thing. 
 
 He, I say, sure shall of this lute be king. 
 
 But he, whoever rudely sets upon 
 
 'Of this lute's skill tli' inquest or question 
 
 Xever so ardently and angrily, 
 
 Without the aptness and ability 
 
 Of art, and nature fitting, never shall 
 
 Aspire to this, but utter trivial 
 
 And idle accents, though sung ne'er so loud, 
 
 And never so commended of the crowd. 
 
 But thee I know, 0 eminent Son of J ove, 
 
 The fiery learner of whatever Love 
 
 Hath sharpen'd thy affections to achieve, 
 
 And thee I give this lute. Let us now live 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES, 
 
 Feeding upon the hill and horse-fed earth 
 Our never-handled oxen ; whose dear birth 
 Their females, fellovv'd with their males, let flow 
 In store enough hereafter ; nor must you 
 (However cunning-hearted your wits are) 
 Boil in your gall a grudge too circular." 
 
 Thus gave he him his lute, which he embraced. 
 And gave again a goad, whose bright head cast 
 Beams like the light forth ; leaving to his care 
 His oxen's keeping. Which, with joyful fare, 
 He took on him. The lute Apollo took 
 Into his left hand, and aloft he shook 
 Delightsome sounds up, to which God did sing. 
 
 Then were the oxen to their endless spring 
 Turned ; and Jove's two illustrous Offsprino[s flew 
 Up to Olympus where it ever snew. 
 Delighted with their lute's sound all the way. 
 Whom Jove much joy'd to see, and endless stay 
 Gave to their knot of friendship. From Avhich date 
 Hermes gave Phoebus an eternal state 
 In his affection, whose sure pledge and sign 
 His lute was, and the doctrine so divine 
 Jointly conferr'd on him ; which well might be 
 True symbol of his love's simplicity. 
 On th' other part, Apollo in his friend 
 Form'd th' art of wisdom, to the binding end 
 Of his vow'd friendship ; and (for furtlier meed) 
 Gave him the far-heard fistulary reed. 
 
 For all these forms of friendship, Pha^jus yet 
 Fear'd that both form and substance wliere not met 
 In Mercury's intentions ; and, in plain, 
 
 Snew — past tense of snow ; still a provincialism. 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 75 
 
 Said (since lie saw him born to craft and gain, -'^a 
 
 And that Jove's will had him the honour done 
 
 To change at his will the possession 
 
 Of others' goods) he fear'd his breach of vows 
 
 In stealing both his lute and cunning bows, 
 
 And therefore wish'd that what the Gods affect 
 
 Himself Avould witness, and to his request 
 
 His head bow, swearing by th' impetuous flood 
 
 Of Styx that of his whole possessions not a good 
 
 He would diminish, but therein maintain 
 
 The full content in which his mind did reign. "^^^ 
 
 And then did Maia's son his forehead bow. 
 
 Making, by all that he desired, his vow 
 
 Never to prey more upon anything 
 
 In just possession of the far-shot King, 
 
 Nor ever to come near a house of his. 
 
 Latonian Phoebus bow'd his brow to this. 
 
 With his like promise, saying : " Xot any one 
 
 Of all the Gods, nor any man, that son 
 
 Is to Saturnius, is more dear to me. 
 
 More trusted, nor more honour'd is than thee. 
 
 Which yet with greater gifts of Deity 
 
 In future I'll confirm, and give thy state 
 
 A rod that riches shall accumulate, 
 
 Nor leave the bearer thrall to death, or fate. 
 
 Or any sickness. All of gold it is, 
 
 Three-leaved, and full of all felicities. 
 
 And this shall be thy guardian, this shall give 
 
 The Gods to thee in all the truth they live. 
 
 And, finally, shall this the tut'ress be 
 
 Goods— the folio, followed by Mr. Singer, has Gods, but 
 it is obviously a misprint ; unless we read other Gods, It is- 
 an interpolation of Chapman's. 
 
76 
 
 A HYMN TO IIEB.MES, 
 
 Of all the words and works informing me 
 
 From Jove's high counsels, making known to thee 
 
 All my instructions. But to propliesy, 
 
 O best of Jove's beloved, and that high skill 
 
 Which to obtain lies burning in thy will, 
 
 IS'or thee, nor any God, v/iil Fate let learn. 
 
 Only Jove's mind hath insight to discern 
 
 What that importeth ; yet am I allow'd 
 
 (My known faith trusted, and my forehead bow'd, 
 
 •Our great oath taken, to resolve to none 
 
 Of all th' Immortals the restriction 
 
 Of that deep knowledge) of it all the mind. 
 
 vSince then it sits in such fast bounds confin'd, 
 
 O brother, when the golden rod is held 
 
 In thy strong hand, seek not to have reveal'd 
 
 Any sure fate that Jove will have conceal'd. 
 
 For no man shall, by know'ng, prevent his fate ; 
 
 And therefore will I hold in my free state 
 
 The pow'r to hurt and help what man I will, 
 
 Of all the greatest, or least touch'd with ill. 
 
 That walk within the circle of mine eye, 
 
 In all the tribes and sexes it shall try. 
 
 Yet, truly, any man shall have his will 
 
 To reap the fruits of my prophetic skill, 
 
 Whoever seeks it by the voice or wing 
 
 Of birds, born truly such events to sing. 
 
 Nor will I falsely, nor with fallacies. 
 
 Infringe the truth on which his faith relies, 
 
 But he that truths in chattering plumes would find, 
 
 Quite opposite to them that prompt my mind, 
 
 And learn by natural forgers of vain lies 
 
 The more-than-ever-certain Deities, 
 
A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 n 
 
 That man shall sea-ways tread that leave no tracts, 
 And false or no guide find for all his facts. 
 And yet will I his gifts accept as well 
 As his to whom the simple truth I tell. 
 
 One other thing to thee I'll yet make known, 
 Maia's exceedingly renowned son, 
 And Jove's, and of the Gods' whole session 
 The most ingenious genius : There dwell 
 Within a crooked cranny, in a dell 970' 
 Beneath Parnassus, certain Sisters born, 
 Call'd Parcae, whom extreme swift wings adorn. 
 Their number three, that have upon their heads 
 White barley-flour still sprinkled, and are maids; 
 And these are schoolmistresses of things to come, 
 Without the gift of prophecy. Of whom 
 (Being but a boy, and keeping oxen near) 
 I learn'd their skill, though my great Father were 
 Careless of it, or them. These flying from home 
 To others' roofs, and fed with honeycomb, 
 Command all skill, and (being enraged then) 
 Will freely tell tlie truths of things to men. 
 But if they give them not that Gods' sweet meat, 
 They then are apt to utter their deceit. 
 And lead men from their way. And these will I '-^^^ 
 Give thee hereafter, when their scrutiny 
 And truth thou hast both made and learn'd ; and then 
 Please thyself with them, and the race of men 
 (Wilt thou know any) with thy skill endear, 
 Who will, be sure, afl'ord it greedy ear, 
 And hear it often if it prove sincere. 
 
 Take these, 0 Maia's son, and in thy care 
 Be horse and oxen, all such men as are 
 
78 
 
 A HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
 Patient of labour, lions, white-tooth'd boars, 
 Mastiffs, and flocks that feed the flow'ry shores. 
 And every four-foot beast ; all which shall stand 
 In awe of thy high imperatory hand. 
 Ee thou to Dis, too, sole Ambassador, 
 Who, though all gifts and bounties he abhor, 
 On thee he will bestow a wealthy one." 
 
 Thus king Apollo honoured Maia's son 
 With all the rites of friendship ; all whose love 
 Had imposition from the will of Jove. 
 
 And thus with Gods and mortals Hermes lived, 
 Who truly help'd but few, but all deceived 
 With an undifferencing respect, and made 
 Vain words and false persuasions his trade. 
 His deeds were all associates of the night. 
 In which his close wrongs cared for no man*s right. 
 
 So all salutes to Hermes that are due. 
 Of whom, and all Gods, shall my Muse sing true. 
 
 THE END OF THE HYMN TO HERMES. 
 
A hym:n' to yenus. 
 
 HE force, 0 Muse, and functions now unfold 
 Of Cyprian Yenus, grac'd with mines of 
 gold; 
 
 Who even in Deities lights love's sweet 
 desire, 
 
 And all Death's kinds of men makes kiss her fire, 
 All air's wing'd nation, all the belluine, ^ 
 That or the earth feeds, or the seas confine. 
 To all which appertain the love and care 
 Of well-crown'd Yenus' works. Yet three there are 
 Whose minds She neither can deceive nor move; 
 Pallas, the Seed of ^gis-hearing Jove, 
 Who still lives indevirginate, her eyes 
 Being blue, and sparkling like the freezing skies, 
 Whom all the gold of Yenus never can 
 Tempt to affect her facts with God or man. 
 She, loving strife, and Mars's working banes, 
 Pitch'd fields and fights, and famous artizans, 
 Taught earthy men first all the arts that are, 
 Chariots, and all the frames vehicular. 
 Chiefly with brass arm'd, and adorn'd for war. 
 Where Yenus only soft-skinn'd wenches fills 
 '■^^ Wenches— See Odyssey, Bk. iv. 977. 
 
80 A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 With wanton house-works, and suggests those skills 
 
 Still to their studies. Whom Diana neither, 
 
 That bears the golden distaff, and together 
 
 Calls horns, and hollows, and the cries of hounds. 
 
 And owns the epithet of loving sounds 
 
 For their sakes, springing from such spritely sports, 
 
 Can catch with her kind lures ; but hill resorts 
 
 To wild-beasts, slaughters, accents far-olf heard 
 
 Of harps and dances, and of woods unsliear'd 
 
 The sacred shades she loves, yet likes as well 
 
 Cities where good men and their offspring dwell. 
 
 The third, whom her kind passions nothing please, 
 
 Is virgin Yesta ; whom Saturnides 
 
 Made reverend with his counsels, when his Sire, 
 
 That adverse counsels agitates, life's fire 
 
 Had kindled in her, being his last- begot. 
 
 Whom Neptune wooM to knit with him the knot 
 
 Of honour'd nuptials, and Apollo too ; 
 
 Which with much vehemence she refused to do, 
 
 And stern repulses put upon them both, 
 
 Adding to all her vows the Gods' great oath. 
 
 And touching Jove's chin, which must consummate 
 
 All vows so bound, that she would hold her state, 
 
 And be th' invincible Maid of Deities 
 
 Through all her days' dates. For Saturnides 
 
 Gave her a fair gift in her nuptials' stead. 
 
 To sit in midst of his house, and be fed 
 
 With all the free and richest feast of heaven. 
 
 In all the temples of the Gods being given 
 
 The prize of honour. ISTot a mortal man, 
 
 Hollows — shouts ; or, as Mr. Singer prints, halloos. 
 42 See Iliad, Bk. i. 481. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS, 
 
 (Thafc either, of the Pow'rs Olympian 
 His half-birth having, may be said to be 
 A mortal of the Gods, or else that he, 
 Deities' wills doing, is of Deity) 
 But gives her honour of tlie amplest kind. 
 Of all these three can Venus not a mind 
 Deceive, or set on forces to reflect. 
 Of all Pow'rs else yet, not a sex, nor sect. 
 Flies Venus ; either of the blessed Gods, 
 Or men confin'd in mortal periods. 
 ■' But even the mind of Jove she doth seduce. 
 That chides with thunder so her lawless use 
 In human creatures, and by lot is given 
 Of all most honour, both in earth and heaven. 
 And yet even his all-wise and mighty mind 
 She, when she lists, can forge atTects to blind, 
 And mix with mortal dames his Deity, 
 Conceal'd at all parts from the jealous eye 
 Of Juno, who was both his sister born. 
 And made his wife ; whom beauty did adorn 
 Past all the bevy of Immortal Dames, 
 And whose so chiefly-glorified flames 
 Cross-counsell'd Saturn got, and Rhsea bore. 
 And Jove's pure counsels (being conqueror) 
 His wife made of his sister. Ay, and more. 
 Cast such an amorous Are into her mind 
 As made her (like him) with the mortal kind 
 Meet in unmeet bed ; using utmost haste. 
 Lest she should know that he lived so uncliaste. 
 Before herself felt that fault in her heart, 
 And gave her tongue too just edge of desert 
 71 Bevy— See Odyssey, Bk. vi. 115. 
 
82 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS, 
 
 To tax his lightness. With this end, beside, 
 
 Lest laughter-studying Yenus should deride 
 
 The Gods more than the Goddesses, and say 
 
 That she the Gods conimix'd in amorous play 
 
 With mortal dames, begetting mortal seed 
 
 T' immortal sires, and not make Goddesses breed 
 
 The like with mortal fathers. But, t' acquite 
 
 Both Gods and Goddesses of her despite, 
 
 Jove took (even in herself) on him her pow'r, '-^^^ 
 
 And made her with a mortal paramour 
 
 Use as deform'd a mixture as the rest; 
 
 Kindling a kind affection in her breast 
 
 To God-like-limb'd Anchises, as he kept. 
 
 On Ida's top-on-top-to-heaven's-pole-heapt, ^-^ 
 
 Amongst the many fountains there, his lierd. 
 
 For, after his brave person had appear'd 
 
 To her bright eye, her heart flew all on fire. 
 
 And to amaze she burn'd in his desire, 
 
 Fjew straight to Cyprus, to her odorous fane ^^^^^ 
 
 And altars, that the people Paphian 
 
 Advanced to her. Where, soon as enter'd, she 
 
 The shining gates shut ; and the Graces three 
 
 Wash'd, and with oils of everlasting scent 
 
 Bathed, as became, her deathless lineament. 
 
 Then lier ambrosian mantle she assum'd. 
 
 With rich and odoriferous airs perfum'd. 
 
 Which being pat on, and all her trims beside 
 
 Fair, and with all alkirements amplified. 
 
 The all-of-gold-made laughter-loving Dame ^"^^ 
 
 Left odorous Cyprus, and for Troy became 
 
 'A/cpoTToXos. Altissimum hahens veriicem, cvjus summitas 
 ipsum polum attingit. — Chapman. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 A swift contendress, her pass cutting all 
 Along the clouds, and made her instant fall 
 On fountful Ida, that her mother-breasts 
 Gives to the preyful brood of savage beasts. 
 And through the hill she went the ready way 
 T' Anchises' oxstall, where did fawn and play 
 About her blessed feet wolves grisly-gray, 
 Terrible lions, many a mankind bear. 
 And lybberds swift, insatiate of red deer. 
 Whose sight so pleas'd, that, ever as she past 
 Through every beast, a kindly love she cast. 
 That, in their dens obscured with shadows deep. 
 Made all, distinguish'd in kind couples, sleep. 
 
 And now she reach'd the rich pavilion 
 Of the heroe, in whom heavens had shown 
 A fair and goodly composition. 
 And whom she in liis oxstall found, alone, 
 His oxen feeding in fat pastures by, 
 He walking up and down, sounds clear and high 
 From his harp striking. Then before him she 
 Stood like a virgin, that invincibly 
 Had borne her beauties; yet alkuingly 
 Bearing her person, lest his ravish'd eye 
 Should chance t' aft'ect him with a stupid fear. 
 Anchises seeing her, all his senses Avere 
 With wonder stricken, and high-taken heeds 
 Both of her form, brave stature, and rich weeds. 
 For, for a veil, she shin'd in an attire 
 That cast a radiance past the ray of fire. 
 Beneath which wore she, girt to her, a gown 
 
 31ankind—mixscu\ine, ferocious. 
 Lybberds — leopards. 
 
84 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 Wrought all with growing-rose-buds, reaching down 
 
 her slender smalls, which buskins did divine, 
 
 Such as taught Thetis' silver feet to shine. 
 
 Her soft white neck rich carquenets embraced, 
 
 Bright, and with gold in all variety graced, 
 
 That to her breasts let down lay there and shone, 
 
 As, at her joyful full, the rising Moon. 
 
 Her sight show'd miracles. Anchises' heart 
 
 Love took into his hand, and made him part 
 
 With these high salutations : Joy, 0 Queen ! 
 
 Whoever of the Blest thy beauties been 
 
 That light these entries ; or the Deity 
 
 That darts affecteth ; or that gave the Eye 
 
 Of heaven his heat and lustre ; or that moves ^''^ 
 
 The hearts of all with all-commanding loves ; 
 
 Or generous Themis ; or the blue-eyed Maid ; 
 
 Or of the Graces any that are laid 
 
 With all the Gods in comparable scales. 
 
 And whom fame up to immortality calls ; i^^^ 
 
 Or any of the Nymphs, that unshorn groves, 
 
 Or that this fair hill-habitation, loves, 
 
 Or valleys flowing with earth's fattest goods, 
 
 Or fountains pouring forth eternal floods ! 
 
 Say, which of all thou art, that in some place 
 
 Of circular prospect, for thine eyes' dear grace, 
 
 I may an altar build, and to thy pow'rs 
 
 Make sacred all the year's devoted hour.^. 
 
 With consecrations sweet and opulent. 
 
 Assur'd whereof, be thy benign mind bent ^''^ 
 
 Carquenets — sometimes spelt carcanets and carhiets, 
 ^^•^ The Deity, &c. — Diana; that yave the eye, &c. — Latona, 
 mother of Apollo ; that moves the hearts— V enws ; the blue- 
 eyed Maid — Minerva. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 To these wish'd blessings of iiie : Give me parts 
 
 Of chief attraction in Trojan hearts ; 
 
 And, after, give me the refiilgency 
 
 Of most renown'd and rich posterity ; 
 
 Long, and free life, and heaven's sweet light as long 
 
 The people's blessings, and a health so strong 
 
 That no disease it let my life engage, 
 
 Till th' utmost limit of a human age." 
 
 To this Jove's Seed this answer gave again : 
 " Anchises ! Happiest of the human strain ! 
 I am no Goddess ! Why, a thrall to deatli 
 Think'st thou like those that immortality breathe 1 
 A woman brought me forth ; my father's name 
 Was Otreiis, if ever his high fame 
 Thine ears have witness'd, for he govern'd all 
 The Phrygian state, whose every town a wall 
 Impregnable embrac'd. Your tongue, you hear, 
 I speak so well, that in my natural sphere 
 (As I pretend) it must have taken prime. 
 A woman, likewise, of the Trojan clime 
 Took of me, in her house, the nurse's care 
 From my dear mother's bosom ; and thus are 
 My words of equal accent with your own. 
 How here I come, to make the reason known, 
 Argicides, that bears the golden rod, 
 Transferr'd me forcibly from my abode 
 Made with the maiden train of Her that joys 
 In golden shafts, and loves so well the noise 
 Of hounds and hunters (heaven's pure-living Pow'r) 
 Where many a nymph and maid of mighty dow'r 
 Chaste sports employ'd, all circled with a crown 
 
 Diana. 
 
86 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS, 
 
 Of infinite multitude, to see so shown 
 Our maiden pastimes. Yet, from all the fair 
 Of this so forceful concourse, up in air 
 The golden-rod-sustaining Argus'-Guide 
 Rapt me in siglit of all, and made me ride 
 Along the clouds with him, eufoicing me 
 Through many a labour of mortality. 
 Through many an unbuilt region, and a rude. 
 Where savage beasts devour'd preys warm and crude, 
 And would not let my fears take one foot's tread 
 On Her by whom are all lives comforted. 
 But said my maiden state must grace the bed 
 Of king Anchises, and bring forth to thee 
 Issue as fair as of divine degree. 
 Which said, and showing me thy moving grace, . 
 Away flew he up to th' Immortal Kace. 
 And thus came I to thee ; J^ecessity, 
 With her steel stings, compelling me t' apply 
 To her high pow'r my Avill. But you must I 
 Implore by Jove, and all the reverence due 
 To your dear parents, who, in bearing you. 
 Can bear no mean sail, lead me home to them 
 An untouch'd maid, being brought up in th' extreme 
 Of much too cold simplicity to know 
 The fiery cunnings that in Venus glow. 
 Show me to them then, and thy brothers born, 
 I shall appear none that parts disadorn, 
 But such as well may serve a brother's wife, 
 And show them now, even to my future life, 
 If such or no my present will extend. 
 To horse-breed-vary 'ng Phrygia likewise send, 
 212 The Earth. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS, 
 
 87 
 
 T' inform my sire and mother of my state, 
 
 That live for me extreme disconsolate ; 
 
 Who gold enough, and well-woven weeds, will give. -'^^ 
 
 All whose rich gifts in my amends receive. 
 
 All this perform'd, add celebration then 
 
 Of honour'd nuptials, that by God and men 
 
 Are held in reverence." All this while she said, 
 
 Into his bosom jointly she convey'd 
 
 The fires of love ; when, all-enamour'd, he 
 
 In these terms answer'd : "If mortality 
 
 Confine thy fortunes, and a woman were 
 
 Mother to those attractions that appear 
 
 In thy admir'd form, thy great father given ^^^^ 
 
 High name of Otrelis ; and the Spy of heaven 
 
 (Immortal Mercury) th' enforceful cause 
 
 That made thee lose tlie prize of that applause 
 
 That modesty immaculate virgins gives, 
 
 My wife th©u shalt be call'd through both our lives. 
 
 Xor shall the powers of men nor Gods withhold 
 
 My fiery resolution to enfold 
 
 Thy bosom in mine arms ; which here I vow 
 
 To firm performance, past delay, and now. 
 
 ]^or, should Apollo with his silver bow '^^^ 
 
 Shoot me to instant death, would I forbear 
 
 To do a deed so full of cause so dear. 
 
 For with a heaven-sweet woman I will lie, 
 
 Though straight I stoop the house of Dis, and die." 
 
 This said, he took her hand, and she took way 
 With him, lier bright eyes casting round ; whose stay 
 She stuck upon a ))ed, that was before 
 Made for the king, and wealthy coverings wore. 
 On which bears' hides and big-voic'd lions' lay, 
 
88 A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 Whose preyful lives the king had made his prey, 
 Hunting th' Idalian hills. This hed when they 
 Had both ascended, first he took from her 
 The fiery weed, that was her utmost wear ; 
 Unbuttoned her next rosy robe ; and loos'd 
 The girdle that her slender waist enclos'd ; 
 Unlac'd her buskins ; all her jewelry 
 Took from her neck and breasts, and all laid by 
 Upon a golden-studded chair of state. 
 Th' amaze of all which being reniov'd, even Fate 
 And council of the equal Gods gave way 
 To this, that with a deathless Goddess lay 
 A deathf ul man ; since, what his love assum'd, 
 Not with his conscious knowledge was presum'd. 
 
 Now when the shepherds and the herdsmen, all, 
 Turn'd from their flow'ry pasture to their stall, 
 With all their oxen, fat and frolic sheep, 
 Venus into Anchises cast a sleep. 
 Sweet and profound ; while with her own hands now 
 With her rich weeds she did herself endow ; 
 But so distinguished, that he clear might know 
 His happy glories ; then (to her desire 
 Her heavenly person put in trims entire) 
 She by the bed stood of the well-built stall. 
 Advanced her head to state celestial, 
 And in her cheeks arose the radiant hue 
 Of rich-crown'd Venus to apparent view. 
 And then she rous'd him from his rest, and said : 
 " Up, my Dardanides, forsake thy bed. 
 What pleasure, late employ'd, lets humour steep 
 Thy lids in this inexci table sleep ? 
 Wake, and now say, if I appear to thee 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 Like her that first tliine eyes conceited me.'' 
 
 This started him from sleep, though deep and dear, 
 And passing promptly he enjoy'd his ear. 
 But when his eye saw Yenus' neck and eyes. 
 Whose beauties could not bear the counterprise 
 Of any other, down his own eyes fell. 
 Which pallid fear did from her view repell. 
 And made him, with a main respect beside, 
 Turn his whole person from her state, and hide 
 (With his rich weed appos'd) his royal face. 
 These wing'd words using : When, at first, thy- grace 
 Mine eyes gave entertainment, well I knew 
 Thy state was deified ; but thou told'st not true ; 
 And therefore let me pray thee (by thy love 
 Born to thy father, ^Egis-bearing Jove) 
 That thou wilt never let me live to be 
 An abject, after so divine degree 
 Taken in fortune, but take ruth on me. 
 For any man that with a Goddess lies. 
 Of interest in immortalities. 
 Is never long-liv'd." She replied : "Forbear, 
 O happiest of mortal men, this fear, 
 And rest assured, that (not for me, at least) 
 Thy least ills fear fits ; no, nor for the rest 
 Of all the Blessed, for thou art their friend ; 
 And so far from sustaining instant end, 
 That to thy long-enlarg'd life there shall spring 
 Amongst the Trojans a dear son, and king. 
 To whom shall many a son, and son's son, rise 
 In everlasting great posterities ; 
 His name ^Eneas ; therein keeping life, 
 For ever, in my much-conceited grief, 
 
90 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 That I, immortal, fell into the bed 
 Of one whose blood mortality must shed. 
 But rest thou comforted, and all the race 
 That Troy shall propagate, in this high grace : 
 ^That, past all races else, the Gods stand near 
 Your glorious nation, for the forius ye hear, 
 And natures so ingenuous and sincere. 
 For which, the great-in-counsels (Jupiter) 
 Your gold-lock'd Ganemedes did transfer 
 (In rapture far from men's depressed fates) 
 To make him consort with our Deified States, 
 And scale the tops of the Saturnian skies. 
 He was so mere a marvel in their eyes. 
 And therefore from a bowl of gold he fdls 
 Red nectar, that the rude distension kills 
 Of winds that in your human stomach breed. 
 But then did languor on the liver feed 
 Of Tros, his father, that was king of Troy, 
 And ever did his memory employ 
 With loss of his dear beauty so bereaven. 
 Though with a sacred whirlwind rapt to heaven. 
 But Jove, in pity of him, saw liim given 
 Good compensation, sending by Heaven's Spy 
 White-swift-hov'd horse, that Immortality 
 Had made firm-spirited ; and had, beside, 
 Hermes to see his ambassy supplied 
 With this vow'd bounty (using all at large 
 That his unalter'd counsels gave in charge) 
 That he himself should immortality breathe. 
 Expert of age and woe as well as death. 
 
 Expert — i 
 
 Cujus memoria erit perpetiia. — Chapman. 
 -in the classical sense, /ree from, unaccompanied by. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 " This ambassy express'd, he mouni'd no more, 
 Eut up with all his inmost mind he hore, 
 Joying that he, upon his swift-hov'd horse. 
 Should be sustain'd in an eternal course. 
 
 ^' So did the golden-throned Aurora raise, 
 Into her lap, another that the praise 
 Of an immortal fashion had in fame, 
 And of your nation bore the noble name, 
 (His title Tithon) who, not pleased with her. 
 As she his lovely person did transfer, 
 To satisfy him, she bade ask of Jove 
 The gift of an Immortal for her love. 
 Jove gave, and bound it with his bowed brow. 
 Performing to the utmost point his vow. 
 Fool that she was, that would her love engage. 
 And not as long ask from the bane of age 
 The sweet exception, and youth's endless flow'r ! 
 Of which as long as both the grace and pow'r 
 His person entertain'd, she loved the man. 
 And (at the fluents of the ocean 
 J^^ear Earths extreme bounds) dwelt with him 
 when 
 
 (According to the course of aged men) 
 On his fair head, and honourable beard. 
 His first grey hairs to her light eyes appeared, 
 She left his bed, yet gave him still for food 
 The Gods' ambrosia, and attire as good. 
 Till even the hate of age came on so fast 
 That not a lineament of his was grac'd 
 With pow'r of motion, nor did still sustain. 
 Much less, the vigour had t' advance a vein, 
 The virtue lost in each exhausted limb. 
 
i)2 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 That at his wish before would answer him ; 
 
 All pow'rs so quite decay \1, that whea he spake 
 
 His voice no perceptible accent brake. 
 
 Her counsel then thought best to strive no more, 
 
 But lay him in his bed and lock his door. 
 
 Such an Immortal would not I wish thee, 
 
 T extend all days so to eternity. 
 
 But if, as now, thou couldst perform thy course 
 
 In grace of form, and all corporeal force. 
 
 To an eternal date, thou then should'st bear 
 
 My husband\s worthy name, and not a tear 
 
 Should I need rain, for thy deserts declin'd. 
 
 From my all-clouded bitterness of mind. 
 
 But now the stern storm of relentless age 
 
 Will quickly circle thee, that waits t' engage 
 
 All men alike, even loathsomeness, and bane 
 
 Attending with it, every human wane, 
 
 Which even the Gods hate. Such a penance lies 
 
 Imposed on flesh and blood's infirmities ! 
 
 Which I myself must taste in great degree. 
 
 And date as endless, for consorting thee. 
 
 All the Immortals with my opprobry 
 
 Are full by this time ; on their hearts so lie 
 
 ^Even to the sting of fear) my cunnings us'd, 
 
 And wiving conversations infus'd 
 
 Into the bosoms of the best of them 
 
 With women, that the frail and mortal stream 
 
 Doth dail}'' ravish. All this long since done. 
 
 Which now no more, but with effusion 
 
 Of tears, I must in heaven so much as name, 
 
 I have so forfeited in this my fame. 
 
 And am impos'd pain of so great a kind 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 93" 
 
 For so much erring from a Goddess' mind. 
 
 For I have put beneath my girdle here 
 
 A son, whose sire the human mortal sphere 
 
 Gives circumscription. But, when first the light '^-^ 
 
 His eyes shall comfort, Nymphs that haunt the height 
 
 Of hills, and breasts have of most deep receipt. 
 
 Shall be his nurses ; who inhabit now 
 
 A hill of so vast and divine a brow% 
 
 As man nor God can come at their retreats; "^'^^ 
 
 Who live long lives, and eat immortal meats. 
 
 And with Immortals in the exercise 
 
 Of comely dances dare contend, and rise 
 
 Into high question which deserves the prize. 
 
 The light Sileni mix in love with these, -435^ 
 
 And, of all Spies the Prince, Argicides ; 
 
 In w^ell-trimm'd caves their secret meetings made. 
 
 And w^th the lives of tliese doth life invade 
 
 Or odorous fir-trees, or bigh-foreheaded oaks, 
 
 Together taking their begetting strokes, 440- 
 
 And have their lives and deaths of equal dates. 
 
 Trees bearing lovely and delightsome states, 
 
 Whom Earth first feeds, that men initiates. 
 
 On her high hills she doth their states sustain, 
 
 And they their own heights raise as high again. 
 
 Their growths together made, Nymphs call their groves 
 
 Vow'd to th' Immortals services and loves ; 
 
 Which men's steels therefore touch not, but let grow. 
 
 But when wise Fates times for their fadings know, 
 
 The fair trees still before the fair Nymphs die, -^^^ 
 
 The bark about them grown corrupt and dry. 
 
 And all their boughts fall'n yield to Earth her right ; 
 
 And then the Nymphs' lives leave the lovely night. 
 
94 
 
 A HYMN TO VENUS, 
 
 And these Nymphs in their caves shall nurse my son, 
 Whom (when in him youth's first grace is begun) 
 The Nymphs, his nurses, shall present to thee, 
 And show thee what a birth thou hast by me. 
 And, sure as now I tell thee all these things, 
 When Earth hath cloth'd her plants in five fair springs, 
 Myself will make return to this retreat, 
 And bring that fiow^'r of thy enamour 'd heat ; 
 Whom when thou then seest, joy shall fire thine eyes. 
 He shall so well present the Deities. 
 And then into thine own care take thy son 
 From his calm seat to windy Ilion, ^^'^ 
 Where, if strict question be upon the past. 
 Asking what mother bore beneath her waist 
 So dear a son, answer, as I afford 
 Fit admonition, nor forget a word : 
 They say a Nymph, call'd Calucopides, 
 That is with others an inhabitress 
 On this thy wood-crown'd hill, acknowledges 
 That she his life gave. But, if thou declare 
 The secret's truth, and art so mad to dare 
 (In glory of thy fortunes) to approve ^75 
 That rich-crown'd Yenus mix'd with thee in love, 
 Jove, fired with my aspersion so dispread. 
 Will with a wreakful lightning dart thee dead. 
 
 "All now is told thee, comprehend it all. 
 Be master of thyself, and do not call ^^^^ 
 My name in question ; but with reverence vow 
 To Deities' angers ail the awe ye owe." 
 
 This said. She reach'd heaven, where airs ever flow. 
 
 ^'^ Glory — boast. 
 
A HYMN TO VENUS. 
 
 95 
 
 And so, 0 Goddess, ever honour'd be, 
 
 In thy so odorous Cyprian empery ! 
 
 My Muse, affecting first thy fame to raise. 
 
 Shall make transcension now to other's praise. 
 
 THE END OF THE FIRST HYMX TO VENUS. 
 
 TO THE SAME. 
 
 HE reverend, rich-crown'd, and fair Queen 
 I sing, 
 
 Venus, that owes in fate the fortressin^r 
 Of all maritimal Cyprus ; where the force 
 Of gentle-breathing Zephyr steer'd her course 
 Along the waves of the resounding sea, ^ 
 Wliile, yet unborn, in that soft foam she lay 
 That brought her fortli ; whom those fair Hours that bear 
 The golden bridles joyfully stood near, 
 Took up into their arms, and put on her 
 Weeds of a never-corruptible wear. 
 On her immortal head a crown they plac'd, 
 Elaborate, and with all the beauties grac'd 
 That gold could give it ; of a weight so great, 
 That, to impose and take off, it had set 
 Three handles on it, made, for endless hold, 
 Of shining brass, and all adorn'd with gold. 
 Her soft neck all wilh carquenets was grac'd, 
 That stoop'd, and both her silver breasts embrac'd, 
 Which even the Hours themselves wear in resort 
 To Deities' dances, and her Father's court. 
 
 - Owes — owns. 
 
96 BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES. 
 
 Grac'd at all parts, they brought to heaven her graces 
 
 Whose first sight seen, all fell into embraces, 
 
 Hugg'd her white hands, saluted, wishing all 
 
 To wear her maiden flow'r in festival 
 
 Of sacred Hymen, and to lead her home ; 
 
 All, to all admiration, overcome 
 
 With Cytherea with the violet crown. 
 
 So to the Black-brow'd Sweet-spoke all renown ! 
 Prepare my song, and give me, in the end, 
 The victory to whose palm all contend ! 
 So shall my Muse for ever honour thee. 
 And, for thy sake, thy fair posterity. 
 
 BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES. 
 
 F Dionysus, noble Semele's Son, 
 I now intend to render mention. 
 As on a prominent shore his person shone, 
 Like to a youth whose flow'r was newly blown, 
 Bright azure tresses play'd about his head, 
 And on his bright broad shoulders was dispread 
 A purple mantle. Strait he was descried 
 By certain manly pirates, that applied 
 Their utmost speed to prise him, being aboard 
 A well-built bark, about whose broad sides loar'd 
 The wine-black Tyrrhene billows ; death as black 
 Brought them upon him in their future wrack. 
 For, soon as they had purchas'd but his view. 
 Mutual signs past them, and ashore they flew, 
 
BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES, 97 
 
 Took him, and brought him instantly aboard, 
 
 Soothing their hopes to have obtained a hoard 
 
 Of riches with him ; and a Jove-kept king 
 
 To such a flow'r must needs be natural spring. 
 
 And therefore straight strong fetters they must fetch, 
 
 To make him sure. But no such strength would stretch 
 
 To his constrain'd powers. Far flew all their bands 
 
 From any least force done his feet or hands. 
 
 But he sat casting smiles from his black eyes 
 
 At all their worst. At which discoveries 
 
 Made by the master, he did thus dehort 25 
 
 All his associates : Wretches ! Of what sort 
 
 Hold ye the person ye assay to bind? 
 
 Nay, which of all the Povv'r fully-divin'd 
 
 Esteem ye him, whose worth yields so much weight 
 
 That not our well-built bark will bear his freight 1 
 
 Or Jove himself he is, or He that bears 
 
 The silver bow, or Neptune. Nor appears 
 
 In him the least resernblauce of a man. 
 
 But of a strain at least Olympian. 
 
 Come ! Make we quick dismission of his state, 
 
 And on the black-s;>ird earth exonerate 
 
 Our sinking vessel of his deified load. 
 
 Nor dare the touch of an intangible God, 
 
 Lei=^t winds outrageous, and of wrackful scathe, 
 
 And smoking tem[)ests, blow his fiery wrath." 
 
 This well-spoke master the tall captain gave 
 
 Hateful and horrible langu ige ; call'd him slave, 
 
 And bade him mark the pros[)'rous gale that blew, 
 
 Poiv'r fidly-divin'd — Mr. Singer has wronglj^ altered this 
 to powWfally-dioined ; but Chapman says fiiUy-divin\l Pow^7\ 
 i. 6. Godhead. 
 
 i. e. the tall captain replied to the master. 
 
 G 
 
9S BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES, 
 
 And how their vessel with her mainsail flew ; 
 
 Bade all take arms, and said, their works requir'd 
 
 The cares of men, and not of an inspir'd 
 
 Pure zealous master ; his firm hopes being fir'd 
 
 With this opinion, that they should arrive 
 
 In ^^]gypt straight, or Cyprus, or where live 
 
 Men whose brave breaths above the north wind blow ; 
 
 Yea, and perhaps beyond their region too. 
 
 And that he made no doubt but in the end 
 
 To make his prisoner tell him every friend 
 
 Of all his offspring, brothers, wealth, and all ; 
 
 Since that prise, certain, must some God let fall. 
 
 This said, the mast and mainsail up he drew, 
 And in the mainsail's midst a frank gale blew ; 
 When all his ship took arms to brave their prise. 
 But straight strange works appeared to all their eyes : 
 First, sweet wine through their swift-black bark did flow, 
 Of which the odours did a little blow 
 Their fiery spirits, making th' air so fine 
 That they in flood were there as well as wine. 
 A mere immortal-making savour rose, 
 AVhich on the air the Deity did impose. 
 The seamen seeing all, admiration seiz'd ; 
 Yet instantly their wonders were increas'd. 
 For on the topsail there ran, here and there, 
 A vine that grapes did in abundance bear, 
 And in an instant was the ship's mainmast 
 With an obscure-green ivy's arms embrac'd, 
 That flourish'd straight, and were with berries grac'd ; 
 Of which did garlands circle every brow 
 Of all the pirates, and no one knew how. 
 
 64 ilfere— See Odyssey, Bk. viii. 115. 
 
BACCHUS, OR THE PIRATES. 
 
 Which when they saw, they made the master steer 
 Out to the shore ; whom Bacchus made forbear, 
 With showing more wonders. On the hatches He 
 Appear'd a terrible lion, horribly 
 Roaring ; and in the mid-deck a male bear, 
 Made with a huge mane ; making all, for fear, 
 ■Crowd to the stern, about the master there, 
 Whose mind he still kept dauntless and sincere, 
 But on the captain rush'd and ramp'd, with force 
 So rude and sudden, that his main recourse 
 Was to the uiain-sea straight : and after him 
 Leapt all his mates, as trusting to their swim 
 To fly foul death ; but so found what they fled. 
 Being all to dolphins metamorphosed. 
 The master he took ruth of, sav'd, and made 
 The blessed'st man that ever tried his trade, 
 These few words giving him : Be confident, 
 Thou God-inspired pilot, in the bent 
 Of my afl'ection, ready to requite 
 Thy late-to-me-intended benefit. 
 I am the roaring God of spritely wine, 
 Whom Semele (that did even Jove incline 
 To amorous mixture, and was Cadmus' Care) 
 Made issue to the mighty Thunderer." 
 
 And thus, all excellence of grace to thee, 
 Son of sweet-count'nance-carry'ng Seniele. 
 I must not thee forget in least degree. 
 But pray thy spirit to render so my song 
 Sweet, and all ways in order'd fury strong. 
 
100 
 
 MARS. 
 
 TO MAES. 
 
 ; AES, most - strong, gold - lielm'd, making 
 chariots crack ; 
 Xever without a shield cast on thy back ; 
 Mind-master, town-guard, with darts never driven; 
 Strong-handed, all arms, fort, and fence of heaven ; 
 Father of victory with fair strokes given ; ^ 
 Joint surrogate of justice, lest she fall 
 In unjust strifes a tyrant ; general 
 Only of just men justly ; that dost hear 
 Fortitude's sceptre ; to heaven's hery sphere 
 Giver of circular motion, between 
 That and the Pleiads that still wandering been. 
 Where thy still-vehemently-flaming horse 
 About the third heaven make their fiery course ; 
 Helper of mortals ; hear ! — As thy fires give 
 The fair and present boldnesses that strive 
 In youth for honour, being the sweet-beam'd light 
 That darts into their lives, from all their height, 
 The fortitudes and fortunes found in fight ; 
 So would I likewise wish to have the pow'r 
 To keep off from my head thy bitter hour, 
 And that false fire, cast from my soul's low kind. 
 Stoop to the fit rule of niy highest mind, 
 Controlling that so eager sting of wrath 
 That stirs me on still to that horrid scathe 
 Of war, that God still sends to wreak his spleen 
 (Even by whole tribes) of proud injurious men. 
 But 0 thou Ever-Blessed ! give me still 
 
DIANA. 
 
 101 
 
 Presence of mind to put in act my will, 
 Varied, as fits, to all occasion ; 
 And to live free, unforc'd, unAvrought upon, 
 ; Beneath those laws of peace that never are 
 Affected with pollutions popular 
 Of unjust hurt, or loss to any one ; 
 And to bear safe the burthen undergone 
 Of foes inflexive, and inhuman hates, 
 Secure from violent and harmful fates. 
 
 TO DIANA. 
 
 lANA praise. Muse, that in darts delights, 
 
 Lives still a maid, and had nutritial rights 
 
 With her born-brother, the far-shooting Sun. 
 
 That doth her all -of -gold-made chariot run 
 
 In chase of game, from Meles that abounds ^ 
 
 In black-brow 'd bulrushes, and, where her hounds 
 
 She first uncouples, joining there her horse, 
 
 Through Smyrna carried in most fiery course 
 
 To grape-rich Claros ; where (in his rich home. 
 
 And constant expectation She will come) 
 
 Sits Phoebus, that the silver bow doth bear. 
 
 To meet with Phoebe, that doth darts transfer 
 
 As far as He his shafts. As far then be 
 
 Thy chaste fame shot, O Queen of archery ! 
 
 Sacring my song to every Deity. '^^ 
 
 Sacring — consecrating. The reader will remember the 
 ^acring-hell. 
 
102 
 
 VENUS.— PALLAS. 
 
 TO VENUS. 
 
 0 Cyprian Venus still my verses vow. 
 Who gifts as sweet as honey doth bestow 
 On all mortality ; that ever smiles, 
 And rules a face that all foes reconciles ; 
 Ever sustaining in her hand a flow'r 
 That all desire keeps ever in her pow'r. 
 
 Hail, then, 0 Queen of well-built Salamine, 
 And all the state that Cyprus doth confine. 
 Inform my song with that celestial fire 
 That in thy beauties kindles all desire. 
 So shall my Muse for ever honour thee. 
 And any other thou commend'st to me. 
 
 TO PALLAS. 
 
 ALLAS Minerva only I begin 
 To give my song ; that makes war's terrible 
 din, 
 
 Is patroness of cities, and with Mars 
 
 Marshall'd in all the care and cure of wars. 
 
 And in everted cities, fights, and cries. ^' 
 
 But never doth herself set down or rise 
 
 Before a city, but at both times She 
 
 All injur'd people sets on foot and free. 
 
 Give, w^ith thy war's force, fortune then to me, 
 And, with thy wisdom's force, felicity. 
 
JUNO,— CERES.— CYBELE. 
 
 TO JUNO. 
 
 ATURNIA, and her throne of gold, I sing, 
 That was of Rhea the eternal spring, 
 And empress of a beauty never yet 
 Equall'd in height of tincture. Of the great 
 Saturnius (breaking air in awful noise) ^ 
 The far-fam'd wife and sister ; whom in jo^^s 
 Of high Olympus all the Blessed love, 
 And honour equal with unequall'd Jove. 
 
 TO GERES. 
 
 HE rich-hair'd Ceres I assay to sing ; 
 A Goddess, in whose grace the natural spring 
 Of serious majesty itself is seen ; 
 And of the wedded, yet in grace still green, 
 Proserpina, her daughter, that displays ^ 
 A beauty casting every way her rays. 
 
 All honour to thee. Goddess ! Keep this town ; 
 And take thou chief cliarge of my son's renown ! 
 
 TO THE MOTHER OF THE GODS. 
 
 j& OTHER of all, both Gods and men, commend, 
 0 Muse, whose fair form did from Jove 
 descend ; 
 
 That doth with cymbal sounds delight her life, 
 And tremulous divisions of the fife ; 
 
104 
 
 HERCULES, 
 
 Love's dreadful lions' roars, and wolves' hoarse hov/ls, 
 Sylvan retreats, and hills, whose hollow knolls 
 Raise repercussive sounds about her ears. 
 And so may honour ever crown thy years 
 With all-else Goddesses, and ever be 
 Exalted in the Muses' harmony ! 
 
 TO LION-HEARTED HERCULES. 
 
 LCIDES, forcefullest of all the brood 
 Of men enforced with need of earthy food, 
 My Muse shall memorise ; the son of Jove 
 Whom, in fair-seated Tiiebes (commix'd in love 
 With great heaven's sable-cloud-assembling State) 
 Alcmena bore to him ; and who, in date 
 Of days forepast, through all the sea was sent, 
 And Earth's inenarrable continent. 
 To acts that king Eurystheus had decreed ; 
 Did many a petulant and imperious deed 
 Himself, and therefore suffer'd many a toil ; 
 Yet now inhabits the illustrious soil 
 Of white Olympus, and delights his life 
 With still-young Hebe, his well-ankled wife. 
 
 Hail, King, and Son of Jove ! Vouchsafe thou me 
 Virtue, and, her effect, felicity ! 
 
JSSOULAPIUS.— 
 
 TYNDARIDES, 
 
 105 
 
 TO ^SCULAPIUS. 
 
 ITH x^sculapius, the physician, 
 That cur'd all sickness, and was Phcjebus' son, 
 My Muse makes entry ; to whose life gave 
 yield 
 
 Divine Coronis in the Dotian field, 
 
 (King Phlegius' daughter) who much joy on men ' 
 
 Conferr'd, in dear ease of their irksome pain. 
 
 For which, my salutation, worthy king, 
 
 And vows to thee paid, ever wlien 1 sing ! 
 
 TO CASTOR AND POLLUX. 
 
 ASTOR and Pollux, the Tyndarides, 
 
 Sweet Muse illustrate ; that their essences 
 
 Fetch from the high forms of Olympian Jove, 
 
 And were the fair fruits of bright Leda's love, 
 
 Wliich she produc'd beneath the sacred shade ^ 
 
 Of steep Taygetus, being subdu'd, and made 
 
 To serve th' aftections of the Thunderer. 
 
 And so all grace to you, whom all aver 
 
 (For skill in horses, and their manage given) 
 
 To be the bravest horsemen under heaven ! 
 
 ^ Taygetus. — It is hardly necessary to remind the reader 
 that Chapman's quantity is wrong, as is often the case. 
 
106 
 
 MERCURY.— PAN. 
 
 TO MERCURY. 
 
 "pERMES I lionour, the Cyllenian Spy, 
 I King of Cyllenia, and of Arcady 
 
 With flocks abounding ; and the Messenger 
 Of all th' Immortals, that doth still infer 
 Profits of infinite value to their store ; ^ 
 Whom to Saturnius bashful Maia bore, 
 Daughter of Atlas, and did therefore fly 
 Of all th' Immortals the society, 
 To that dark cave, where, in the dead of night, 
 Jove join'd with her in love's divine delight, 
 When golden sleep shut Juno's jealous eye, 
 Whose arms had wrists as white as ivory, 
 From whom, and all, both men and Gods beside. 
 The fair-hair'd nymph her scape kept undescried. 
 
 Joy to the Jove-got then, dnd Maia's care, ^'^ 
 'Twixt men and Gods the general Messenger, 
 Giver of good grace, gladness, and the flood 
 Of all that men or Gods account their good ! 
 
 1^ Scape.— "^^QQ Iliad, II. 312. 
 
 TO PAN. 
 
 ING, Muse, this chief of Hermes' love-got joys, 
 ^^^^^^ Goat-footed, two-horn'd, amorous of noise. 
 That througli the fair greens, all adorn'd 
 with trees. 
 
TO PAX, 
 
 1 
 i 
 
 Together goes with Xymphs, whose nimble knees 
 Can every dance foot, that affect to scale 
 The most inaccessible tops of all 
 Uprightest rocks, and ever use to call 
 On Pan, the bright-hair'd God of pastoral ; 
 Who yet is lean and loveless, and doth owe 
 By lot all loftiest mountains crown'd with snow ; 
 All tops of hills, and cliffy highnesses. 
 All sylvan copses, and the fortresses 
 Of thorniest queaches, here and there doth rove. 
 And sometimes, by allurement of his love, 
 Will wade the wat'ry softnesses. Sometimes 
 (In quite oppos'd capriccios) he climbs 
 The hardest rocks, and highest, every way 
 Running their ridges. Often will convey 
 Himself up to a watch-tow'r s top, where sheep 
 Have their observance. Ofc through hills as stee;> 
 His goats he runs upon, and never rests. 
 Then turns he head, and flys on savage beasts, 
 Mad of their slaughters ; so most sharp an eye 
 Setting upon them, as his beams let fly 
 Through all their thickest tapistries. And then • 
 (When Hesp'rus calls to fold the flocks of men) 
 From the green clossets of his loftiest reeds 
 He rushes forth, and joy with song he feeds. 
 W^hen, under shadow of their motions set. 
 He plays a verse forth so profoundly sweet. 
 As not the bird that in the flow'ry spring, 
 Amidst the leaves set, makes the thickets ring 
 ^ Oice — own. 
 
 13 Queaches— thickets. See Odyssey, Bk. xix. 610. 
 
 ^ Tapistries— i. e. hiding-places, where they tajnsh or hid 
 
 ^ Clossets — closes. The word should be noted. 
 
108 
 
 TO PAN. 
 
 Of her sour sorrows, sweeten'd with her song, 
 Runs her divisions varied so and strong. 
 And then the sweet-voic'd Nymphs that crown h 
 mountains 
 
 . (Flock'd round about the deep-black- water'd fouhtains) 
 Fall in with their contention of song. 
 To which the echoes all the hills along 
 Their repercussions add. Then here and there 
 (Plac'd in the midst) the God the guide doth bear 
 Of all their dances, winding in and out, 
 A lynce's hide, besprinkled round about 
 With blood, cast on his shoulders. And thus He, 
 With well-made songs, maintains th' alacrity 
 Of his free mind, in silken meadows crown'd 
 With hyacinths and saflfrons, that abound 
 In sweet-breath'd odours, that th' unnumber'd grass 
 (Besides their scents) give as through all they pass. 
 And these, in all their pleasures, ever raise 
 The blessed Gods' and long Olympus' praise : 
 Like zealous Hermes, who of all I said 
 Most profits up to all the Gods convey'd. 
 Who, likewise, came into th' Arcadian state, 
 (That's rich in fountains, and all celebrate 
 For nurse of flocks,) where He had vow'd a grove 
 (Surnam'd Cyllenius) to his Godhead's love. 
 Yet even himself (although a God he were) 
 Clad in a squalid sheepskin, govern'd there 
 A mortal's sheep. For soft love ent'ring him 
 • Conform'd his state to his conceited trim, 
 And made him long, in an extreme degree, 
 T' enjoy the fair-hair'd virgin Dry ope. 
 Which ere he could, she made him consummate 
 
VULCAN. 
 
 109 
 
 The flourishing rite of Hymen's honour^ state ; 
 
 And brought him such a piece of progeny 
 
 As shovv'd, at first sight, monstrous to the eye, 
 
 Goat-footed, two-horn'd, full of noise even then, 
 
 And (opposite quite to other children) 
 
 Told, in sweet laughter, he ought death no tear. 
 
 Yet straight his mother start, and fled, in fear. 
 
 The sight of so unsatisfying a thing. 
 
 In whose face put forth such a bristled spring. 
 
 Yet the most useful Mercury embrac'd, 
 
 And took into his arms, his homely-fac'd, 
 
 Beyond all measure joyful with his sight ; 
 
 And up to heaven with him made instant flight, 
 
 Wrapp'd in the warm skin of a mountain hare. 
 
 Set him by Jove, and made most merr}'' fare 
 
 To all the Deities else with his son's sight ; 
 
 Which most of all fillM Bacchus with delight ; 
 
 And Pan they call'd him, since he brought to all 
 
 Of mirth so rare and full a festival. 
 
 And thus all honour to the shepherds' King, 
 For sacrifice to thee my Muse shall sing ! 
 
 ^ Ought — owed. "'^ Start — the past tense. 
 
 TO VULCAX. 
 
 RAISE Vulcan, now Muse ; whom fame giye& 
 the prize 
 
 For depth and fracture of all forge-devise : 
 Who, with the sky-ey'd Pallas, first did give 
 Men rules of buildings, that before did live 
 
110 PHCE BUS.— NEPTUNE, 
 
 In caves and dens, and hills, like savage beasts ; 
 
 But now, by art-fam'd Vulcan's interests 
 
 In all their civil industries, ways clear 
 
 Through th' all-things-bringing-to-their-ends (the year) 
 
 They work out to their ages' ends, at ease 
 
 Lodg'd in safe roofs from Winter's utmost prease. 
 
 But, Vulcan, stand propitious to me. 
 Virtue safe granting, and felicity ! 
 
 TO PHCEBUS. 
 
 PHCEBUS ! Even the swan from forth 
 her wings. 
 
 Jumping her proyning-bank, thee sweetly 
 sings. 
 
 By bright Peneus' whirl-pit-making streams. 
 Thee, that thy lute mak'st sound so to thy beams. 
 Thee, first and last, the sweet-voic'd singer still 
 Sings, for tliy song's all-songs-transcending skill. 
 
 Thy pleasure, then, shall my song still supply, 
 And so salutes thee King of Poesy. 
 
 - Proyning hank— where she preens or proins herself. 
 
 TO NEPTUNE. 
 
 EPTUNE, the mighty marine God, I sing. 
 Earth's mover, and the fruitless ocean's King 
 That Helicon and th'/Egean deeps dost hold. 
 0 thou Earth-shaker ! Thy command two-fold 
 
JOVE,— VESTA, 
 
 111 
 
 The Gods have sorted ; making thee of horses 
 The awful tamer, and of naval forces 
 The sure preserver. Hail, 0 Saturn's birth ! 
 Whose graceful green hair circles all the earth. 
 Bear a benign mind ; and thy helpful hand 
 Lend all submitted to thy dread command. 
 
 TO JOVE. 
 
 OVE now I sing, the greatest and the best 
 Of all these Pow'rs that are with Deity blest, 
 That far-off doth his dreadful voice difiPuse, 
 And, being King of all, doth all conduce 
 To all their ends. Who (shut from all Gods else 
 With Themis, that the laws of all things tells) 
 Their fit composures to their times doth call. 
 Weds them together, and preserves this all. 
 
 Grace then, 0 far-heard Jove, the grace thou'st given. 
 Most Glorious, and most Great of Earth and Heaven ! 
 
 TO VESTA. 
 
 ESTA, that as a servant oversees 
 
 King Phoebus' hallow'd house, in all degrees 
 Of guide about it, on the sacred shore 
 Of heavenly Pythos, and hast evermore 
 Rich balms distilling from thy odorous hair, ^ 
 Grace this house with thy housewifely repair ! 
 
112 APOLLO,— BACCHUS. 
 
 Enter, and bring a mind that most may move, 
 Conferring even, the great in counsels, Jove ; 
 And let my verse taste of your either's love. 
 
 TO THE MUSES AND APOLLO. 
 
 HE Muses, Jove, and Phoebus, now I sing ; 
 For from the far-off-shooting Phoebus spring 
 All poets and musicians, and from Jove 
 Th' ascents of kings. The man the Muses love. 
 Felicity blesses ; elocution's choice ^ 
 In syrup laying of sweetest breath his voice. 
 
 Hail, Seed of Jove, my song your honours give, 
 And so in mine shall yours and others' live. 
 
 TO BACCHUS. 
 
 YY-crown'd Bacchus iterate in thy praises, 
 0 Muse ; whose voice all loftiest echoes rais« s, 
 And he with all th' illustrious Seed of Jo\ e 
 
 Is joiri'd in honour, being the fruit of love 
 
 To him, and Semele the-great-in-graces ; 
 
 And from the King his father's kind embraces 
 
 By fair-hair'd Nymphs was taken to the dales 
 
 Of Nyssa, and with curious festivals 
 
 Given his fair grought, far from his father's view, 
 
 In caves from whence eternal odours flew, 
 
 And in high number of the Deities plac'd. 
 
 9 Grought — growth. 
 
TO DIANA, 
 
 1 
 
 Yet when the many-hymn-given God had past 
 
 His Nurse's cares, in ivies and in bays 
 
 All over thicketed, his varied ways 
 
 To sylvan coverts evermore He took, 
 
 With all his Nurses, whose shrill voices shook 
 
 Thickets, in which could no foot's entry fall, 
 
 And he himself made captain of them all. 
 
 And so, 0 grape-abounding Bacchus, be 
 Ever saluted by my Muse and me ! 
 Give us to spend with spirit our hours out here, 
 And every hour extend to many a year. 
 
 TO DIANA. 
 
 IAN A, that the golden spindle moves, 
 And lofty sounds as well as Bacchus loves 
 A bashful virgin, and of fearful hearts 
 The deatti-affecter with d(3lig]ited darts. 
 By sire and mother Phoebus' sister born. 
 Whose thigh the golden falcliion doth adorn, 
 I sing ; who likewise over hills of shade 
 And promontories that vast winds invade. 
 Amorous of hunting, bends her all-gold bow, 
 And sigh-begetting arrows doth bestow 
 In fates so dreadful that the hill- tops quake, 
 And bristled wooJs their leafy forehea is shake, 
 Horrors invade earth, and [tlie] fishy seas 
 Impassion'd furies ; nothing can appease 
 The dying brays of beasts. And her deligiit 
 In so much death alfects so with affright 
 
 11 
 
114 
 
 TO PALLAS. 
 
 Even all inanimate natures ; for, while she 
 Her sports applies, their general progeny 
 She all ways turns upon to all their banes. 
 Yet when her fiery pleasures find their wanes, 
 Her yielding bow unbent, to th' ample house. 
 Seated in Delphos, rich and populous, 
 Of her dear brother, her retreats advance. 
 Where th' instauration of delightsome dance 
 Amongst the Muses and the Graces she 
 Gives form ; in which herself the regency 
 (Her unbent bow hung up, and casting on 
 A gracious robe) assumes, and first sets gone 
 The dances' entry ; to which all send forth 
 Their heavenly voices, and advance the worth 
 Of her fair-ankled mother, since to light 
 She children brought the far most exquisite 
 In counsels and performances of all 
 The Goddesses that grace the heavenly hall. 
 
 Hail then, Latona's fair-hair'd Seed, and Jove's ! 
 My song shall ever call to mind your loves. 
 
 TO PALLAS. 
 
 ALLAS-Minerva's deity, the renown'd, 
 My Muse in her variety must resound ; 
 Mighty in councils ; whose illustrous eyes 
 In all resemblance represent the skies. 
 A reverend maid of an inflexible mind ; 
 In spirit and person strong ; of triple kind ; 
 Fautress of cities that just laws maintain ; 
 
TO VESTA AND MERCURY, 
 
 115 
 
 Of Jove, the-great-iii-councils, very brain 
 
 Took prime existence, his unbounded brows 
 
 Could not contain her, such impetuous throes 
 
 Her birth gave way to, that abroad she flew, 
 
 And stood, in gold arm'd, in her Father's view. 
 
 Shaking her sharp lance. All Olympus shook 
 
 So terribly beneath her, that it took 
 
 Up in amazes all the Deities there. 
 
 All earth resounded with vociferous fear. 
 
 The sea was put up all in purple waves. 
 
 And settled suddenly her rudest raves. 
 
 Hyperion's radiant son his swift-hov'd steeds 
 
 A mighty time stay'd, till her arming weeds. 
 
 As glorious as the Gods', the blue-ey'd Maid 
 
 Took from her deathless shoulders ; but then stay'd 
 
 All these distempers, and heaven's counsellor, Jove, 
 
 Rejoic'd that all things else his stay could move. 
 
 So I salute thee still ; and still in praise 
 Thy fame, and others', shall my memory raise. 
 
 TO VESTA AND MERCURY. 
 
 ESTA I sing, who, in bequest of fate, 
 Art sorted out an everlasting state 
 In all th' Immortals' high-built roofs, and all 
 Those of earth-dwelling men, as general 
 And ancient honours given thee for thy gift ^ 
 Of free-liv'd chastity, and precious thrift. 
 Nor can there amongst mortals banquets be, 
 In which, both first and last, they give not thee 
 
116 
 
 TO EARTH, 
 
 Their endless gratitudes in pour'd-out wine, 
 
 As gracious sacrifice to thy divine 
 
 And useful virtues ; being invoked by all, 
 
 Before the least taste of their festival 
 
 In wine or food affect their appetites. 
 
 And Thou, that of th' adorn'd-with-all-delights 
 
 Art the most useful angel, born a God 
 
 Of Jove and Maia, of heaven's golden rod 
 
 The sole sustainer, and hast pow'r to bless 
 
 With all good all men, great Argicides, 
 
 Inhabit all good houses, see'ng no wants 
 
 Of mutual minds' love in th' inhabitants, 
 
 Join in kind blessing with the bashful maid 
 
 And all-lov'd virgin, Vesta ; cither's aid 
 
 Combin'd in every hospitable house ; 
 
 Both being best seen in all the gracious 
 
 House-works of mortals. Jointly follow^ then, 
 
 Even from tlieir youths, the minds of dames and men. 
 
 Hail then, old Daughter of the oldest God, 
 And thou Great Bearer of Heaven's golden rod ! 
 Yet not to you alone my vows belong, 
 Others as well claim th' homage of my song. 
 
 ^•^ Angel — messenger, a77eXos. 
 
 TO EARTH, THE MOTHER OF ALL. 
 
 OTHER of all things, the well-founded Earth,. 
 My Muse shall memorize ; who all the birth 
 Gives food that all her upper regions breed, 
 All that in her divine diffusions feed 
 
TO EARTH, 
 
 11 
 
 In under continents, all those that live 
 In all the seas, and all the air doth give 
 Wing d expeditions, of thy bounties eat ; 
 Fair children, and fair fruits, thy labour's sweat, 
 O great in reverence ; and referr'd to thee. 
 For life and death is all the pedigree 
 Of mortal humans. Happy then is he 
 Whom the innate propensions of thy mind 
 Stand bent to honour. He shall all things find 
 In all abundance ; all his pastures yield 
 Herds in all plenties ; all his roofs are fill'd 
 With rich possessions ; he, in all the sway 
 Of laws best order'd, cuts out his own way 
 In cities shining with delicious dames. 
 And takes his choice of all those striving flames; 
 High happiness and riches, like his train. 
 Follow his fortunes, with delights that reign 
 In all their princes ; glory invests his sons ; 
 His daughters, Avith their crowii'd selections 
 Of all the city, frolic through the meads. 
 And every one her calFd-for dances treads 
 Along the soft-flow'r of the claver-grass. 
 All this, with all those, ever comes to pass, 
 That thy love blesses, Goddess full of grace, 
 And treasurous Angel t' all the human race. 
 
 Hail, then. Great Mother of the Deified Kind, 
 Wife to the cope of stars ! Sustain a mind 
 Propitious to me for my praise, and give 
 {Answering my mind) my vows fit means to live. 
 
 Glaver grass. — Mr. Sinj^er has printed clover, I retain 
 the old orthography, though Halliwell says it is only a North 
 country provincialism for clover. 
 
118 
 
 TO THE SUN. 
 
 TO THE SUN. 
 
 HE radiant Sun's divine renown diffuse, 
 Jove's daughter, great Calliope, my Muse 
 Whom ox-ey\i Euryphaessa gave birth 
 To the bright Seed of starry Heaven and Earth. 
 For the far-fam'd Hyperion took to wife 
 His sister Euryphaessa, that life 
 Of his high race gave to these lovely three : 
 Aurora, with the rosy- wrists ; and She 
 That owns th' enamouring tresses, the bright Moon ; 
 Together with the never-wearied Sud, 
 Who (his horse mounting) gives both mortals light 
 And all th' Immortals. Even to horror, bright 
 A blaze burns from his golden burgonet, 
 Which to behold exceeds the sharpest set 
 Of any eye's intention, beams so clear 
 It all ways pours abroad. The glorious cheer 
 Of his far-shining face up to his crown 
 Casts circular radiance, that comes streaming down 
 About his temples, his bright cheeks, and all. 
 Retaining the refulgence of their fall. 
 About his bosom flows so fine a weed 
 As doth the thinness of the wind exceed 
 In rich context ; beneath whose deep folds fly 
 His masculine horses round about the sky. 
 Till in this hemisphere he renders stay 
 T' his gold-yok'd coach and coursers ; and his way, 
 
 Burgonet — generally spelt hurganet, a species of helmet. 
 
TO THE MOON. 
 
 119 
 
 Let down by heaven, the heavenly coachman makes 
 Down to the ocean, where his rest he takes. 
 
 My sakitations then, fair King, receive, 
 And in propitious returns relieve 
 My life with mind-tit means ; and then from thee, 
 And all the race of complete Deity, 
 My song shall celebrate those half-god States, 
 That yet sad death's condition circulates, 
 And whose brave acts the Gods show men that they '''' 
 As brave may aim at, since they can but die. 
 
 TO THE MOON. 
 
 HE Moon, now, Muses, teach me to resound, 
 Whose wide wings measure such a world of 
 ground ; 
 
 Jove's daughter, deck'd v/ith the mellifluous tongue. 
 
 And seen in all the sacred art of song. 
 
 Whose deathless brows when she from heaven displays, 
 
 All earth she wraps up in her orient rays. ^ 
 
 A heaven of ornament in earth is raised 
 
 When her beams rise. The subtle air is sais'd 
 
 Of delicate splendour from her crown of gold. 
 
 And when her silver bosom is extoll'd, 
 
 Wash'd in the ocean, in day's equall'd noon 
 
 Is midnight seated ; but when she puts on 
 
 Her far-off-sprinkling-lustre evening weeds, 
 
 (The month in two cut ; her high-breasted steeds 
 
 ^ Sais'd — seised, put in possession. 
 
120 TO CASTOR AND POLLUX. 
 
 Man'd all with curl'd flames, put in coach and all, 
 
 Her huge orb fill'd,) her whole trims then exhale 
 
 Unspeakable splendours from the glorious sky. 
 
 And out of that state mortal men imply 
 
 Many predictions. And with her then, 
 
 In love mix'd, lay the King of Gods and men ; 
 
 By whom made fruitful, slie Pandea bore, 
 
 And added her state to th' Immortal Store. 
 
 Hail, Queen, and Goddess, th' ivory-wristed Moon 
 
 Divine, prompt, fair-hair'd ! With thy grace begun, 
 
 My 'Muse shall forth, and celebrate the praise 25 
 
 Of men whose states the Deities did raise 
 
 To semi-deities ; whose deeds t' endless date 
 
 Muse-lov'd and sweet-sung poets celebrate. 
 
 TO CASTOR AND POLLUX. 
 
 OVE'S fair Sons, father'd by th' Oebalian king, 
 Muses well-worth-all men's beholdings, sing ! 
 The dear birth that bright-ankl'd Leda bore ; 
 Horse-taming Castor, and, the conqueror 
 Of tooth-tongu*d Momus, Pollux ; whom beneath 
 Steep-brow*d Taygetus she gave half -god breath. 
 In love mix'd with the black-clouds King of Heaven ; 
 Who, both of men and ships, being tempest driven. 
 When Winter's wrathful empire is in force 
 Upon th' implacable seas, preserve the course. 
 For when the gusts begin, if near the shore, 
 The seamen leave their ship, and, evermore 
 Bearing two milk-white lambs aboard, they now 
 
TO MEN OF HOSPITALITY, 
 
 1 
 
 Kill them ashore, and to Jove's issue vow, 
 When though their ship, in height of all the roar 
 The winds and waves confound, can live no more 
 In all their hopes, then suddenly appear 
 Jove's saving Sons, who both their bodies bear 
 'Twixt yellow wings down from the sparkling pole, 
 Who straight the rage of those rude, winds control. 
 And all the high-waves couch into the breast 
 Of th' hoary seas. All which sweet signs of rest 
 To seamen's labours their glad souls conceive, 
 And end to all their irksome grievance give. 
 
 So, once more, to the swift-horse-riding race 
 Of royal Tyndarus, eternal grace ! 
 
 TO MEN OF HOSPITALITY. 
 
 EVERENGE a man with use propitious 
 That hospitable rites wants ; and a house 
 (You of this city with the seat of state 
 To ox-ey'd Juno vow'd) yet situate 
 Near Pluto's region. At the extreme base 
 Of whose so high-hair'd city, from the race 
 Of blue-wav'd Hebrus lovely fluent, grac'd 
 With Jove's begetting, you divine cups taste. 
 
CERTAIJSr EPIGEAMS A^D OTHER 
 POEMS OF HOMER. 
 
 TO CUMA. 
 
 END hosi^itable rites and house-respect, 
 You that the virgin with the fair eyes 
 deckt 
 
 Make fautress of your stately-seated town, 
 At foot of Sardes, with the liigh-hair'd crown, 
 Inhabiting rich Cuma ; where ye taste ^ 
 Of Hermus' heavenly fluent, all embrac'd 
 Ey curl'd-head whirlpits ; and whose waters move 
 From the divine seed of immortal Jove. 
 
 m HIS RETURN TO CUMA. 
 
 WIFTLY my feet sustain me to the town, 
 Where men inhabit whom due honours 
 ^^^Ss crown, 
 
 Whose minds with free-given faculties are mov'd, 
 And whose grave counsels best of best approved. 
 
EPIGRAMS, 
 
 123- 
 
 UPON THE vSEPULCHKE OF MIDUS, 
 
 CUT IN BRASS, IN THE FIGURE OF A VIRGIN. 
 
 MAID of brass I am, infixed here 
 T' eternize honest Midus' sepulchre ; 
 And while the stream her fluent seed receives^ 
 And steep trees curl their verdant brows with leaves, 
 While Phoebus rais'd above the earth gives sight, ^ 
 And th' humorous Moon takes lustre from his light. 
 While floods bear waves, and seas shall wash the shore, 
 At this his sepulchre, whom all deplore, 
 I'll constantly abide ; all passers by 
 Informing, " Here doth honest Midus lie." 
 
 ^ Humorous — moist. 
 
 CUMA. 
 
 REFUSING HIS OFFER TO ETERNIZE THEIR STATE, 
 THOUGH BROUGHT THITHER BY THE MUSES. 
 
 TO what fate hath Father Jove given o'er 
 My friendless life, born ever to be poor ! 
 While in m;y infant state he pleas'd to savenie, 
 Milk on my reverend mother's knees he gave me, 
 In delicate and curious nursery ; ^ 
 ^olian Smyrna, seated near the sea, 
 (Of -glorious empire, and whose bright sides 
 Sacred Meletus' silver current glides,) 
 
124 
 
 EPIGRAMS, 
 
 Being native seat to me. Which, in the force 
 
 Of far-past time, the breakers of wild horse, 
 
 Phriconia's noble nation, girt with tow'rs ; 
 
 Whose youth in fight put on with fiery pow'rs. 
 
 From hence, the Muse-maids, Jove's ilkistrous Seed, 
 
 Impelling me, I made impetuous speed. 
 
 And went with them to Cuma, with intent 
 
 T' eternize all the sacred continent 
 
 And state of Cuma. They, in proud ascent 
 
 From off their bench, refus'd with usage fierce 
 
 The sacred voice which I aver is verse. 
 
 Their follies, yet, and madness borne by me, 
 
 Shall by some pow'r be thought on futurely, 
 
 To wreak of him whoever, whose tongue sought 
 
 With false impair my fall. What fate God brought 
 
 Upon my birth 111 bear with any pain, 
 
 But undeserved defame unfelt sustain. 
 
 Nor feels my person (dear to me though poor) 
 
 Any great lust to linger any more 
 
 In Cuma's holy highways ; but my mind 
 
 v(No thought impair'd, for cares of any kind 
 
 Borne in my body) rather vows to try 
 
 The influence of any other sky. 
 
 And spirits of people bred in any land 
 
 Of ne'er so slender and obscure command. 
 
EPIGRAMS, 
 
 125- 
 
 AN ASSAY OF HIS BEGUN ILIADS. 
 
 LION, and all the brave-horse-breeding soil, 
 Dardania, I sing ; that many a toil 
 Imposed upon the mighty Grecian pow'rs, 
 Who were of Mars the manly servitours. 
 
 TO THESTOR'S SON,"^ 
 
 INQUISITIVE OF HOMER ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THINGS. 
 
 lHESTOIUDES ! of all the skills unknown 
 To errant mortals, there remains not one 
 Of more inscrutable afiair to find 
 Than is the true state of a human mind. 
 
 TO NEPTUNE. 
 
 EAR, povv'rful Neptune, that shak'st earth 
 in ire, 
 
 King of the great green, where dance all 
 the quire 
 
 * Homer intimated, in this his answer to Thestorides, a 
 will to have him learn the knowledge of himself, before he 
 inquired so curiously the causes of other things. And from 
 hence had the great peripatetic, Themistius, his most grave 
 epiphoneme, Ani7na quce seAjJsnm ignorat, quid sciret ipsa de 
 aliiH? And, therefore, according to Aristotle, advises all 
 philosophical students to begin with that study. — Chapman. 
 
126 
 
 EPIGRAMS. 
 
 Of fair-hair'd Helicon ; give prosperous gales, 
 And good pass, to these guiders of our sails, 
 Their voyage rend'ring happily directed, 
 And their return with no ill fate affected. 
 Grant likewise at rough Mimas' lowest roots, 
 Whose strength up to her tops prserupt rocks shoots. 
 My passage safe arrival ; and that I 
 My bashful disposition may apply 
 To pious men, and wreak myself upon 
 The man whose verbal circumvention 
 In me did wrong t' hospitious Jove's whole state, 
 And th' hospitable table violate. 
 
 TO THE CITY ERYTHKJEA. 
 
 ORSHIPFUL Earth, Giver of all things 
 good ! 
 
 Giver of even felicity ; whose flood 
 The mind all-over steeps in honeydew ; 
 That to some men dost infinite kindness shew, 
 To others that despise thee art a shrew, ^ 
 And giv'st them gamester's galls; who, once their main 
 Lost wdth an ill chance, fare like abjects slain. 
 
 TO MARINERS. 
 
 E wave-trod watermen, as ill as she 
 That all the earth in infelicity 
 Of rapine plunges ; who upon your fare 
 As sterv'd-like-ravenous as cormorants are ; 
 
EPIGRAMS. 
 
 127 
 
 The lives ye lead, but in the worst degree, 
 
 Not to be envied more than misery ; 
 
 Take shame, and fear the indignation 
 
 Of Him that thunders from the highest throne, 
 
 Hospitious Jove, who, at the back, prepares 
 
 Pains of abhorr'd effect of him that dares 
 
 The pieties break of his hospitious squares. 
 
 THE PIKE. 
 
 NY tree else bears better fruit than thee, 
 That Ida's tops sustain, where every tree 
 Bears up in air such perspirable heights, 
 And in which caves and sinuous receipts 
 Creep in such great abundance. For about 
 Thy roots, lhj«t ever all thy fruits put out, 
 As nourish 'd by them, equal with thy fruits. 
 Pour Mars's iron-mines their accurs'd pursuits. 
 So that when any earth-encroaching man. 
 Of all the martial brood Cebrenian, 
 Plead need of iron, they are certain still 
 About thy roots to satiate every will. 
 
126 
 
 EPIGRAMS. 
 
 TO GLAUCUS, 
 
 WHO WAS SO MISERABLY SPARING THAT HE FEAREO 
 ALL men's ACCESS TO HIM. 
 
 LAUCUS 1 though wise enough, yet one 
 word more 
 Let my advice add to thy wisdom's store, 
 
 For 'twill be better so : Before thy door 
 Give still thy mastiffs meat, that will be sure 
 To lie there, therefore, still, and not endure 
 (With waylaid ears) the softest foot can fall, 
 But men and beasts make fly thee and thy stall. 
 
 AGAINST THE SAMIAN MIXISTRESS, 
 OR NUX. 
 
 EAR me, 0 Goddess, that invoke thine ear^ 
 Thou that dost feed and form the youtliful 
 year. 
 
 And grant that this dame may the loves refuse. 
 
 And beds, of young men, and atfect to use 
 
 Humans whose temples hoary hairs disLain, ^ 
 
 AVhose pow'rs are passing coy, whose wdlls would fain. 
 
EPIGRAMS, 
 
 129 
 
 WRITTEN OX THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, 
 
 men, sons are the crowns of cities' towr's ; 
 Of pastures, horse are the most beauteous 
 flow'rs ; 
 
 Of seas, ships are the grace ; and money still 
 
 Willi trains and titles doth the family fill. 
 
 But royal counsellors, in council set, ^ 
 
 Are ornaments past all, as clearly great 
 
 As houses are that shining fires enfold, 
 
 Superior far to houses nak'd and cold. 
 
 THE FURNACE CALLED IN TO SING 
 BY POTTERS. 
 
 F ye deal freely, O my fiery friends. 
 
 As ye assure, Til sing, and serve your ends. 
 Pallas, vouchsafe thou here invok'd access, 
 Impose thy hand upon this Forge, and bless 
 All cups these artists earn so, that they may ^ 
 Look black still with their depth, and every way 
 Give all their vessels a most sacred sale. 
 Make all well-burn'd ; and estimation call 
 Up to their prices. Let them market well, 
 And in all highways in abundance sell, 
 
 I 
 
130 
 
 EPIGRAMS, 
 
 Till riches to their utmost wish arise, 
 
 And, as thou mak'st them rich, so make m.e wise. 
 
 But if ye now turn all to impudence, 
 And think to pay with lies my patience. 
 Then will I summon 'gainst your Furnace all 
 Hell's harmfull'st spirits ; Maragus I'll call, 
 Sabactes, Asbett, and Omadamus, 
 Who ills against your art innunierous 
 Excogitates, supplies, and multiplies. 
 Come, Pallas, then, and all command to rise. 
 Infesting forge and house Avith fire, till all 
 Tumble together, and to ashes fall, 
 These potters selves dissolv'd in tears as small. 
 And as a horse-cheek chides his foaming bit. 
 So let this Forge murmur in fire and flit. 
 And all this stuff to ashy ruins run. 
 And thou, 0 Circe, daughter of the Sun, 
 Great-many-poison-mixer, come, and pour 
 Thy cruell'st poisons on this Potters' floor. 
 Shivering their vessels ; and themselves afl'ect 
 With all the mischiefs possible to direct 
 'Gainst all their beings, urg'd by all thy fiends. 
 Let Chiron likewise come ; and all those friends 
 (The Centaurs) that Alcides' fingers fled. 
 And all the rest too that his hand strook dead, 
 (Their ghosts excited) come, and macerate 
 These earthen men; and yet with further fate 
 Afl'ect their Furnace ; all their tear-burst eyes 
 Seeing and mourning for their miseries. 
 While I look on, and laugh their blasted art 
 And them to ruin. Lastly, if apart 
 
EPIGRAMS. 
 
 131 
 
 Any lies lurking, and sees yet, his face 
 
 Into a coal let th' angry fire embrace, 
 
 That all may learn by them, in all their lust, 
 
 To dare deeds great, to see them great and just. 
 
 EIRESIOI^E, OR, THE OLIVE BRANCH. 
 
 ^ HE turrets of a man of infinite might, 
 Of infinite action, substance infinite. 
 We make access to ; whose whole being 
 rebounds 
 
 From earth to heaveti, and nought but bliss resounds. 
 
 Oive entry then, ye doors ; more riches yet ^ 
 
 Shall enter with me ; all the Graces met 
 
 In joy of their fruition, perfect peace 
 
 Confirming all ; all crown'd with such increase. 
 
 That every empty vessel in your house 
 
 May stand replete with all things precious ; 
 
 Elaborate Ceres may your larders fill 
 
 With all dear delicates, and serve in still ; 
 
 May for your son a wife make wish'd approach 
 
 Into your tow'rs, and rapt in in her coach 
 
 With strong-kneed mules ; may yet her state prove staid, 
 
 With honour'd housewiferies ; her fair hand laid 
 
 To artful lo(mi works ; and her nak'd feet tread 
 
 The gum of amber to a golden bead. 
 
 But I'll return ; return, and yet not press 
 Your bounties now assay 'd with oft access, "^^ 
 Once a year only, as the swallow prates 
 Before the wealthy Spring's wide open gates. 
 
132 
 
 EPIGRAMS. 
 
 Meantime I stand at yours, nor purpose stay 
 More time t' entreat. Give, or not give, away 
 My feet shall bear me, that did never come 
 With any thought to make your house my home. 
 
 TO CERTAIN FISHER BOYS 
 
 PLEASING HIM WITH INGENIOUS RIDDLES. 
 
 ET from the bloods even of your self-like sires 
 Are you descended, that could make ye heirs 
 To no huge hoards of coin, nor leave ye able 
 To feed flocks of innumerable rabble. 
 
 THE END OF ALL THE ENDLESS WORKS OF HOMER. 
 
HE work that I was horn to do is done ! 
 
 Glory to Him that the condusion 
 ^ig^ Makes the beginninr/ of my life; and never 
 Let me be said to live, till I live ever. 
 
 Whereas the outlivincf of my fortunes then, * 
 Ye errant vapours of Fame^s Lernean fen, 
 That, like possess\i storms, blast all not in herd 
 With your abhorred heads ; ivho, because cashiered 
 By me7i for monsters, think men monsters all. 
 That are not of your pied Hood and your Hall, 
 When you are nothiny hut the scmn of things. 
 And must be cast off ; drones, that have no stings ; 
 Nor any more soid than a stone hath wings ? 
 
 Avaunt, ye hags I Your hates and scandals are 
 The crotvns and comforts of a good man's care ; 
 By whose imjmrtial perpendicidar. 
 All is extuberance, and excretion all, 
 That you your ornam,enis and glories call. 
 Your wry mouths censure right! Your blistered tongues, 
 That lick but itches I And whose ulcerous lungs 
 Come up at all things permanent and sound ! 
 O you, like flies in dregs, in humours drown! d I 
 Your loves, like atoms, lost in gloomy air, 
 J ivould not retrieve ivith a ivither'd hair. 
 
Hate, and cast dill your stings then, for your hisses 
 Betray hut truth, and your applauds are hisses. 
 
 To see our su]perciUous loizards frown, 
 Their facts falVn liJi'e fogs, and coining doicn, 
 StinJdng the sun out, makes me shine the more; 
 And like a cMclihl flood hear ahove the shore, 
 That their ^jrofane opinions fain would set 
 To ivhat they see not, know not, nor can let. 
 Yet then our learned men loith their torrents come. 
 Roaring from their forc'd hills, all crowrHd idth foam, 
 That one not taught like them, should, learn to know 
 Their Greek roots, and from thence the groves that grow 
 Casting such rich shades from great Homer's wings. 
 That first and last command, the Muses' springs. 
 Though he^s hest scholar, that, through pains and votes 
 Made his oicn master only, all things knoivs. 
 Nor pleads my poor skill form, or learned pilace. 
 But dauntless lahour, constant prayer, and. grace. 
 And ichafs oil their skill, hut vast varied reading ? 
 As if hroad-heaten highivays had, the leading 
 To Truth^s ahstract, and narrow path, and pit ; 
 Found in no loalk of any loorldly loit. 
 And. without Truth, all's only sleight of hand, 
 Or our laiu-learning in a foreign land, 
 Emhroidery spent on cohicehs, hraggart show 
 Of men that all things learn, and nothing know. 
 For ostentation humhle 'Truth still flies, 
 And all confederate fashionists defies. 
 And as some sharp-hroiu' d doctor, English horn. 
 In much learned Latin idioms can adorn 
 A verse with rare attractions, yet hecome 
 His English Muse like an Arachnean loom, 
 
135 
 
 Wrought spite of Pallas^ and therein heiorays 
 
 More tongue than truth, hegs, and adopts his hays ; 
 
 So Ostentation, be he never so 
 
 Larded vnth labour to suborn Ids shoio, 
 
 Shall sooth tvithin him, but a bastard soul, 
 
 No more heaven heiring than, Earth's son, the mole. 
 
 But as in dead cairns emptiest smokes arise, 
 
 Unchedtd and free, up straight into the skies ; 
 
 So droiosy Peace, that in her humo2cr steeps 
 
 All she affects, let such rise while she sleeps. 
 
 Many, and most men, have of 'wealth least store, 
 
 But none the gracious shame that fits the poor. 
 
 So most learned men enough are ignorant. 
 
 But few the grace have to confess their want, 
 
 Till lives and learnings come concomitant. 
 
 Far from men's knotvledges their lives' -acts flow ; 
 
 Vainglorious acts then vain pjrove all they know. 
 
 As nig Id the life-inclining stars best shows, 
 
 So lives obscure the starriest souls disclose. 
 
 For me, let just men judge by ivhat I shoio 
 In acts expos' d how much I err or know ; 
 And let not envy make all worse than nought, 
 With her mere headdrong and quite brainless thought, 
 Others, for doing nothing, giving all. 
 And bounding all worth in her bursten gall. 
 
 God and my dear Redeemer rescue me 
 From men's immane and mad impiety, 
 And by my life and soul (sole knoivn to Them) 
 Make me of palm, or yew, an anadem. 
 And so my sole God, the Thrice-Sacred Trine, 
 Bear all th' ascription of all me and mine. 
 
136 
 
 Supplico tibi, Doiuine, Pater, et Dux ration is nostrse, 
 ut nostrse nobilitatis recordemur qua Tu nos ornasti ; et 
 ut Tu nobis prsesto sis, ut iis qui per sese moventur ; 
 ut et a corporis eontagio, brutorumque affectuum, le- 
 purgemur, eosque superemus, atque regamus, et, sicut 
 decet, pro instrumentis iis utamur. Deinde, ut nobis ad- 
 jumento sis, ad accuratam rationis nostras correctionem, 
 et conjunctionem cum iis qui vere sunt per lucem veritatis. 
 Et tertiiim, Salvatori supplex oro, lit ab oculis animoruni 
 nostrorum, caliginem prorsus abstergas, ut norimus bene 
 qui Deug, aut mortalis, habendus. Amen, 
 
 Sine honore vicam, nulloque numero ero. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
THE GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
THE 
 
 GEORGICKS 
 
 OF 
 
 HESIOD, 
 
 By George Chapman ; 
 
 TRANSLATED ELABORATELY 
 out of the Greek : 
 
 Containing Doctrine of Hufbandrie, Moralitie,. 
 and Pietie ; with a perpetuall Calendar of Good 
 and Bad Dates ; N ot fuperf Htious^ hut necejfarie 
 
 (as farre as naturall Caufes compell) for all 
 Men to obferue^ and difference in fol- 
 lowing their affaires. 
 
 Nec caret vmbra Deo. 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 Printed by H. L. for Miles Partrich, and are to be folde 
 at his Shop neare Saint Dunfta?is Church in 
 Fleet ftreet. 1618. 
 
TO THE MOST NOBLE COMBINER OF LEARNING 
 AND HONOUR, 
 
 SIR FRANCIS BACON, KNIGHT, 
 
 LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF ENGLAND, ETC. 
 
 NCIENT wisdom being so worthily eter- 
 nised by the now-renewed instance of 
 it in your Lordship ; and this ancient 
 Author, one of the most authentic for all 
 wisdom crowned with justice and piety ; to what sea 
 owe these poor streams their tribute, but to your Lord- 
 ship's ocean ? The rather, since others of the like anti- 
 quity, in my Translation of Homer, teach these their way,, 
 and add comfort to their courses, by having received 
 right cheerful countenance and approbation from your 
 Lordship's most grave and honoured predecessor. 
 
 All judgments of this season (savouring anything the 
 truth) preferring, to the Avisdom of all other nations, 
 these most wise, learned, and circularly-spoken Grecians. 
 According to that of the poet : — 
 
 Graiis ingenium, Grails dtclit ore rotundo 
 Musa loqui. 
 
 And why may not this Roman elogy of the Graians ex- 
 
142 
 
 tend in praiseful intention (by way of prophetic poesy) 
 to Graies-Inne wits and orators? Or if the allusion 
 (or petition of the principle) beg with too broad a licence 
 in the general, yet serious truth, for the particular, may 
 most worthily apply it to your Lordship's truly Greek 
 inspiration, and absolutely Attic elocution. Whose all- 
 acknowledged faculty hath banished flattery therein 
 even from the Court ; much more from my country and 
 more-than-upland simplicity. Nor were those Greeks 
 so circular in their elegant utterance, but their inward 
 judgments and learnings were as round and solid ; their 
 solidity proved in their eternity ; and their eternity 
 propagated by love of all virtue and integrity ; — that 
 love being the only parent and argument of all truth, in 
 any wisdom or learning, without which all is sophisti- 
 cate and adulterate, howsoever painted and splinted 
 with degrees and languages. Your Lordship's " Ad- 
 vancemejit of Learning^'" then, well showing your love 
 to it, and in it, being true, to all true goodness, your 
 learning, strengthening that love, must needs be solid 
 and eternal. This 'i<^TO)p ^cb?,-^ therefore, expressed in 
 this Author, is used here as if prophesied by him then, 
 now to take life in your Lordship, whose life is chief 
 soul and essence to all knowledge and virtue ; so few 
 there are that live now combining honour and learning. 
 This time resembling the terrible time whereof this 
 poet prophesied ; to which he desired he might not 
 live, since not a Grace would then smile on any pious 
 or worthy ; all greatness much more gracing impostors 
 
 * Vir vere (sen clare) sciens; aut illustris Judex, vel procul 
 videns Arbiter, quia eos acutos visu, seu gnaros esse oporteat 
 rei de qua agitur. Chapman. 
 
143 
 
 than men truly desertful. The worse depraving the 
 better; and that so frontlessly, that shame and justice 
 should fly the earth for them. To shame which igno- 
 rant barbarism now emboldened, let your Lordship's 
 learned humanity prove nothing the less gracious to 
 Virtue for the community of Vice's graces ; but shine 
 much the more clear on her for those clouds that eclipse 
 her; no lustre being so sun-like as that which passeth 
 above all clouds unseen, over fields, turrets, and temples, 
 and breaks out, in free beams, on some humblest cottage. 
 In whose like Jove himself hath been feasted; and 
 wherein your Lordship may find more honour than in 
 the fretted roofs of the mighty. To which honour, 
 oftentimes, nothing more conduceth than noble accept- 
 ance of most humble presentments. On this nobility 
 in your Lordship my prostrate humility relying, I rest 
 ever submitted, in all simple and hearty vows. 
 
 Your Honour's most truly, 
 
 And freely devoted, 
 
 George Chapman. 
 
OF HESIODUS. 
 
 ESIODUS, surnamed Ascraeus, was one, 
 as of the most ancient Greek poets, so 
 one of the purest and pressest writers, 
 I He lived in the latter time of Homer, 
 and was surnamed Ascrseus, of Ascra, a town in 
 Helicon ; in which was built a temple sacred to the 
 Muses ; whose priest Hesiodus was consecrate ; whom 
 Virgil, among so many writers of Georgics, only imi- 
 tated, professing it in this : 
 
 Ascrceumque cano IkymuncL .pen' opx^ida carmen^ "^pya 
 Koi 'Ufi^paL. Nor is there any doubt (saith Mel.") (juin 
 idem Virgilius initio Georijicorum hanc inscriptionem 
 expresserit hoc versu : * Quid facial Icefas segetes, qua 
 sidere terram,^ &c. His authority was such amongst the 
 ancients, that his verses were commonly learned as 
 axioriis or oi^acles^ all teaching good life and humanity ; 
 which though never so profitable for men's now readings, 
 yet had they rather (saith Isocrates) consume their 
 times still in their own follies, than be any time con- 
 versant in these precepts of wisdom ; of which (with 
 Homer) he was first father, whose interpreters were all the 
 
145 
 
 succeeding philosophers — not Aristotle himself ex- 
 cepted : — who before Thales, Solon, Pittacus, Socrates, 
 Plato, &c. writ of life, of manners, of God, of nature, of 
 the stars, and general state of the universe. Nor are his 
 writings the less worthy, that Poesy informed them, but 
 of so much the more dignity and eternity. Not Thales, 
 nor Anaxagoras, (as Aristotle irjgenuously confesseth,) 
 having profited the world so much, with all their writ- 
 ings, as Homer's one Ulysses or Nestor. And sooner 
 shall all the atoms of Epicurus sustain division ; the 
 fire of Heraclitus be utterly quenched ; the water that 
 Thales extols so much be exhausted ; the spirit of 
 Anaximenes vanish; the discord of Empedocles be re- 
 conciled, and all dissolved to nothing ; before by their 
 most celebrated faculties they do the world so much 
 profit, for all human instruction, as this one work of 
 llesiodus ! Here being no dwelling on any one subject 
 but of all human affairs instructively concluded. 
 
TO MY WORTHY FRIEND MR. GEORGE 
 CHAPMAN, AND HIS TRANS- 
 LATED HESIOD. 
 
 HAPMAN, we find, by thy past-prized 
 fraught. 
 
 What wealth thou dost upon this land 
 confer, 
 
 Th' old Grecian prophets hither that has brought, 
 
 Of their full words the true interpreter ; 
 
 And by thy travell strongly hast exprest ^ 
 
 The large dimensions of the English tongue, 
 
 Delivering them so well, the first and best 
 
 That to the world in numbers ever sung. 
 
 Thou hast unlock'd the treasury wherein 
 
 All art and knowledge have so long been hidden ; 
 
 Which, till the graceful Muses did begin 
 
 Here to inhabit, was to us forbidden. 
 
 In blest Elysium, (in a place most fit) 
 Under that tree due to the Delphian God, 
 Mus^us and that Iliad Singer sit, 
 And near to them that noble Hesiod, 
 Smoothing their rugged foreheads ; and do smile, 
 After so many hundred years, to see 
 Their Poems read in this far western isle. 
 
147 
 
 Translated from their ancient Greek by thee ; 
 Each his good Genius whispering in his ear, 
 That with so lucky and auspicious fate 
 Did still attend them whilst they living were, 
 And gave their verses such a lasting date. 
 
 Where, slightly passing by the Thespian spring, 
 Many long after did but only sup ; 
 Nature, then fruitful, forth these men did bring, 
 To fetch deep roses from Jove's plenteous cup. 
 
 In thy free labours, friend, then rest content. 
 Fear not Detraction, neitlier fawn on Praise ; 
 When idle Censure all her force hath spent. 
 Knowledge can crown herself with her own bays. 
 Their lines that have so many lives outworn. 
 Clearly expounded, shall base Envy scorn. 
 
 Michael Drayton. 
 
TO MY WORTHY AND HONOURED FRIEND 
 
 MR. GEORGE CHAPMAN, 
 ON HIS TRANSLATION OF HESIOD'S WORKS 
 AND DAYS. 
 
 HOSE work could this be, Chapman, to 
 refine 
 
 Old Hesiod's ore, and give it us, but thine, 
 W^ho liad'st before wrought in rich 
 Homer's mine 
 
 "What treasure hast thou brought us ! and what store 
 Still, still, dost thou arrive with at our shore, ^ 
 To make thy honour and our wealth the more ! 
 
 If all the vulgar tongues that speak this day 
 Were ask'd of thy discoveries, they must say. 
 To the Greek coast thine only knew the way. 
 
 Such passage hast thou found, such returns made, 
 As, now of all men, it is called thy trade ; 
 And who make thither else rob, or invade ! 
 
 Ben Jonson. 
 
THE GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 BY GEORGE CHAPMAN. 
 
 THE FIRST BOOK.^ 
 
 [USES ! that, out of your Pierian state, 
 All worth in sacred numbers celebrate, 
 Use^' here your faculties so much renown'd, 
 To sing your Sire ;^ and him in hymns*^ 
 resound 
 
 By whom all humans, that to death are bound, ^ 
 Are bound together : both the great in fame,*' 
 And men whose poor fates fit them with no name,^ 
 Noble,^ and base ;^ great Jove's will orders all; 
 For he with ease extols, with case lets fall ; 
 
 ^ To approve my difference from the vulgar and verbal ex- 
 position, and other amplifications fit and necessary for the 
 true rendering and illustration of my author, I am enforced 
 to annex some words of the original to my other annotations. 
 
 b A€VT€, hue agite. 
 
 c Jove. 
 
 ^ *^ 'T/uLveLovaai, hymnis decantantes. 
 
 e ^arbs, de quo magna fama est. 
 ' ^A^aros, non dicendus^ incelehris, 
 ^ s Pt/tos, honoratus, nobilis. 
 
 ^ ^"Apprjros, ignohili^y ad nullam fimctionem fieu dignitatem 
 ussumptus. 
 
150 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Eas'ly diminislieth the most in grace, 
 And lifts the most obscure to loftiest place ; 
 Eas'ly sets straight^ the quite shrunk up together,^ 
 And makes the most elated^ beauty wither; 
 And this is Jove, that breaks his voice so high 
 In horrid sounds, and dwells above the sky. 
 
 Hear, then, 0 Jove, that dost both see and hear. 
 And, for thy justice' sake, be orderer 
 To these just precepts,^" that in prophecy^^ 
 I use, to teach my brother piety. 
 
 Not one Contention on the earth there reigns 
 To raise men's fortunes and peculiar gains, 
 But two. The one the knowing man approves ; 
 The other ^ hate should force from human loves, 
 Since it derives our reasonable kind. 
 In two J* parts parting man's united mind ; 
 And is so harmful, for pernicious War 
 Ifc feeds, and bites at every Civil Jar ; 
 Which no man^ loves, but strong Necessity 
 Doth this Contention, as his plague, imply 
 By Heaven's hid counsels. Th' other Strife black Night 
 Begat before ; which Jove, that in the light 
 
 1^ '^'IdvSj rectus, erectus, non tortuosiis. Metaph. 
 ^2 ^ S/coXt6s, tortuosuSy incurvus. 
 
 15 1 ^Ay-qvopa Kdp(p€L, superhum, seu Jlorentem, facit ut deflo- 
 reseat. 
 
 18 nx^if^y^ Wvv€ difiKTTas, judicia vel vera prcecepta de mori- 
 buSy seu pietate. 
 
 18 n Mvd^ofjLaiy vaticinor. 
 
 2* 0 ^EirLjULio/uL-qTbs, reprehen>sione, et derisione, dignus. 
 2^ P^Aj/Stxa, duas partes. 
 
 28 q OijTLs. He says no man loves this war per se, but per ac- 
 cidens ; because men cannot discern from things truly worthy 
 of their loves those that falsely pretend worth and retain none ; 
 which he ascribes to some secret counsel of Jove, that, for 
 plague to their impieties, strikes blind their understandings. 
 
GEO RG ICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 151 
 
 Of all the stars dvveils, and, though thron'd aloft, 
 
 Of each man weighs yet hoLh the work and thought, 
 
 Put in the roots of eai th ; from whose w^omb grow 
 
 Men's needful means to p;iy the debt they owe 
 
 To life and living. And tjiis Strife is far 
 
 More fit for men, and much the sprightlier; 
 
 For he in whose liands^" lives no love of art, 
 
 JN'or virtuous industry, yet plucks up heart. 
 
 And falls to work for living. Any one, 
 
 Never so stupid and so base a drone. 
 
 Seeing a rich man haste to sow, and plant. 
 
 And guide his house well, feels with shame his want. 
 
 And labours like him. And tlii:^ Strife is good. 
 
 When Strife for riches warms and fires the blood, 
 
 The neighbour doth the neighbour emulate,^ 
 
 The potter doth tlie potter's profit hate. 
 
 The smith the smith with spleen inveterate,* 
 
 Beggar maligns the beggar for good done, 
 
 And the musician the musician. 
 
 This Strife, 0 Perses, see remember'd still ; 
 
 But fly Contention that insults on th' ill^ 
 
 Of other men, and from thy work doth draw 
 
 To be a well-seen man in works of law. 
 
 Nor to those courts afford affected ear ; 
 
 For he that hath not, for the entire year, 
 
 ^'ATrdXafjLyos, cujus manihus nulla ars, nulla sedulitas, inest, 
 s ZrjXoT. He shows artizans' emulations for richei^, and 
 approves that kind of contention. Notwithstanding Plato 
 in LysiaSj Aristotle in the 5. of his Pol. and 2. of his Rhetor, 
 and Galen, refer this strife to the first harmful discord, yet 
 Plutarch takes our author's part, and ascribes it to the 
 virtuous contention. 
 
 48 t Korew, mstuo ird quam din pressi in pectore. 
 52 ^^"EpLs KaKdxcLpTos, alienis instdtans calamitatihus contentio ; 
 which he calls their going to law. 
 
152 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Enough laid up beforehand, little need 
 
 Hath to take care those factious courts to feed 
 
 With what earth bears, and Ceres doth bestow. 
 
 With which when thou are satiate, nor dost know 
 
 What to do with it, then to these wars go 
 
 For others' goods ; but see no more spent so 
 
 Of thine hereafter. Let ourselves decide. 
 
 With dooms direct, all dilferences implied 
 
 In our affairs ; and, what is ratified 
 
 By Jove's will to be ours, account our own ; 
 
 For that thrives ever best. Our discord, grown 
 
 For what did from our father's bounty fall, 
 
 We ended lately, and shared freely all ; 
 
 When thou much more than thine hadst ravish'd home, 
 
 With which thou mad'st proud, ^ and didst overcome. 
 
 With partial affection to thy cause, 
 
 Those gift-devouring kings that sway our laws, 
 
 Who would have still retain'd us in their powers. 
 
 And given by their dooms what was freely ours. '^^ 
 
 0 fools, that all things into judgment call, 
 Yet know not how much^ half is more than all ! 
 Nor how the mean life is the firmest still, 
 Nor of the mallow and the daffodill 
 
 7i X M^7a KvdaLvcov, valde gloriosos reddens. BaaiXijas 
 8ix)po(l)dyovs, reges donivoros. 
 
 ■^■^ y IlXeov 7j/LLL(Tu iravTos, dimidium phis toto. He commends 
 the mean, and reproves those kings or judges that are too in- 
 dulgent to their covetous and glorious appetites, from the 
 frugal and competent life declinino; ad Tr\eov€^io.v, i. e. ad 
 plus habendi aviditatem ihexhaustam. Showing how ignorant 
 they are ; that the virtue of justice and mediocrity is to be 
 preferred to injustice and insatiate avarice. By fjixLav he 
 understands medium inter lucrum et damnum^ which mean is 
 more profitable and notable than iravrbs, i. e. toto quo et sua 
 pars retinetur, tt alterius ad se pertrahitttr. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 153 
 
 How great a good the little meals contain. so 
 
 But God hath hid from men tlie healthful mean; 
 
 For otherwise a man might heap, and play, 
 
 Enough to serve the whole year in a day, 
 
 And straight his draught-tree hang up in the smoke, 
 
 Nor more his labouring mules nor oxen yoke. 
 
 But Jove man's knowledge of his best bereav'd, 
 Conceiving anger, since he Avas deceiv'd 
 By that same wisdoui-wresting^ Japhet's son ; 
 For which all ill all earth did overrun. 
 For Jove close keeping in a hollow cave 
 His holy fire, to serve the use of man, 
 Prometheus stole it, by his human sleight, 
 From liim that hath of all heaven's wit the height ; 
 For which He angry, thus to him began 
 The Cloud-assembler : Thou most crafty man, '-^^ 
 That joy'st to steal my fire, deceiving me, 
 Shalt feel that joy the greater grief to thee, 
 And therein plague thy universal race ; 
 To whom ril give a pleasing ill, in place 
 Of that good fire, and all shall be so vain 
 To place their pleasure in embracing pain." 
 
 Thus spake and laugh'd of Gods and Men the Sire, 
 
 And straight etijoin'd the famous God of Fire 
 
 88 z'AyKvXo/L^-^^rrjs, he calls Prometheus, i. e. qui ohliqua 
 agitat consilia ; who wrests that wisdom, which God hath 
 given him to use to his u^lovy, to his own ends ; which is 
 cause to all the miseries men suffer, and of all their impious 
 actions that deserve them. Jove's Fire signifies Truth, which 
 Prometheus stealing, figures lear ned men's over-subtle abuse 
 of divine knowledge, wresting it in false expositions to their 
 own objects, thereby to inspire and puff up their own profane 
 earth, intending their corporeal parts, and the irreligious 
 delights of them. But, for the mythology of this, read 
 my Lord Chancellor's book, De Sapieutid VtteriLmy cap. 26, 
 being infinitely better. 
 
154 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 To mingle, instantly, with water earth ; 
 
 The voice and vigour of a human birth i^^" 
 
 Imposing in it, and so fair a face 
 
 As match'd th' Immortal Goddesses in grace, 
 
 Her form presenting a most lovely maid. 
 
 Then on Minerva his command he laid 
 
 To make her work, and wield the witty loom. 
 
 And, for her beauty, such as might become 
 
 The golden Yenus, he commanded her 
 
 Upon her brows and countenance to confer 
 
 Her own bewitchings ; stuffing all her breast 
 
 With wild^ desires incapable of rest, -^-^^ 
 
 And cares that feed to all satiety 
 
 All human lineaments. The crafty Spy 
 
 And Messenger of Godheads, Mercury, 
 
 He charg'd t' inform her with a dogged^ mind. 
 
 And thievish manners. All as he design'd 
 
 Was put in act. A creature straight had frame 
 
 Like to a virgin, mild and full of shame ; 
 
 Which Jove's suggestion made the Both-foot-lame 
 
 Form so deceitfully, and all of earth 
 
 To forge the living matter of her birth. ^"^^^ 
 
 Grey-eyed Minerva put her girdle on. 
 
 And show'd how loose parts, well composed, shone. 
 
 The deified Graces, and the Dame^ that sets 
 
 Sweet words in chief form, golden carquenets 
 
 Embraced her neck withal. The fair-hair'd Hours ^•''^ 
 
 105 a Jove's creation of a woman. 
 
 ^^•^ ^ Kai irbSov. An unwearied and wanton desire ta- 
 exceed others, or an insatiate longing to be loved of all. 
 VvLOKopoSy membra ad satietatem usque depascens. MeXeSwvas, 
 cares, or meditations of voluptuous satisfactions. 
 
 n»cKyj/e6?' re vbov, caninam mentemy vel impudentein, Kal 
 iwUXoiroy 9j6os, furaces mores, 
 
 i2i d iicidw, or Suada, Goddess of persuasion, or eloquence. 
 
GEORGIGS GF HESIGD, 155 
 
 Her gracious temples crown'd with fresli spring-floAvers.- 
 
 But of all these, employed in several place, 
 
 Pallas gave order the impulsive grace. 
 
 Her bosom Hermes, the great God of spies, 
 
 With subtle fashions fiU'd, fair words, and lies ; 
 
 Jove prompting still. But all the voice^she us'd 
 
 The vocal herald of the Gods in f us'd. 
 
 And caird ]ier name Pandora, since on her 
 
 The Gods did all their several gifts confer ; 
 
 Who made her such, in every moving strain, ^"^^ 
 
 To be the bane of curious-minded men. 
 
 Her harmful and inevitable frame 
 At all parts perfect, Jove dismiss'd the Dame 
 To Epimetheus, in his herald's guide, 
 W^ith all the God's plagues in a box beside. 
 Nor Epimetheus kept one word in store 
 Of what Prometlieus had advised before. 
 Which was : That Jove should fasten on his hand 
 No gift at all, but he his while withstand, 
 And back return it, lest with instant ill 
 To mortal men he all the world did fill. 
 But he first took the gift, and after griev'd.° 
 
 133 e 'E(f>ripiuLocr€, impef ti inspirahat, gave special force to all her 
 attractions ; which he says Pallas did, to show that to all beauty 
 wisdom and discreet behaviour give the chief excitement. 
 
 136 f (Pi^p^j^j;^ Her voice the vocal or high-spoken herald of 
 the gods imposed ; all fair women affecting to be furthest 
 heard, as well as most seen. 
 
 152 g 'Evorjoe. When he had received and tried the ill, he 
 knew it was ill, and grieved ; but then was so infected with 
 affection to it, that he could not reform nor refine it. For 
 man's corporeal part, which is figured in Epimetheus, signify- 
 ing the inconsiderate and headlong force of affection, not 
 obeying his reasonable part or soul, nor using foresight fit for 
 the prevention of ill, which is figured in Prometheus, he is 
 deceived with a false shadow of pleasure ; for the substantial 
 
156 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 For first the families of mortals livM 
 
 Without and free from ill ; harsh labour then, 
 
 Nor sickness, hasting timeless age on men, 
 
 Their hard and wretched tasks imposM on them 
 
 Fo r many years ] but now a violent stream 
 
 Of all afflictions in an instant came. 
 
 And quencli'd life's light that shin'd before in flame. 
 
 For when the woman^^ the unwieldy lid i^^^ 
 
 Had once discover'd, all the miseries hid 
 
 In that curs'd cabinet dispersed and flew 
 
 About the world ; joys pined, and sorrows grew. 
 
 Hope only rested in the box's brim, 
 
 And took not wing from thence. Jove prompted him 
 
 That ow'd the cabinet to clap it close 
 
 Before she parted ; but unnumber'd woes 
 
 Besides encount'red men in all their ways ; 
 
 Full were all shores of them, and full all seas. 
 
 and true delight, fit to be embraced, which, found by Event 
 {the schoolmaster of fools), he repents too late. And, there- 
 fore, Horace truly, nocet ewpta dolore voluptas. 
 
 leoh'^XX^ yvPTj^ of this came the proverb, yvpaLKQv Syedpos, 
 the plague of women; and by the woman is understood Appe- 
 tite, or Effeminate Affection, and customary or fashionable 
 indulgence to the blood, not only in womanish affections, but 
 in the general fashions of men's judgments and actions, both 
 . dTjfjLaycoyLKT], id est, popidariter, or gratia et authorilate qua quis 
 valet ajnid populum; and \//vxay(jjyLK7}, id est, vi ducendi et f ectendi 
 animnirif intending illusively, by this same docta ignorantia, of 
 which many learned leaders of the mind are guilty ; and a-vp- 
 ipeTibdris, id est, the common source or sink of the vulgar, pre- 
 vailing past the nobility and piety of humanity and religion, 
 by which all sincere discipline is dissolved or corrupted, and 
 so that discipline taken away {tanquam opercnla Pandoroe), both 
 the human body's and mind's dissolution, instantly (as out of 
 the cave of ^olus) let the winds or forces of corruption violently 
 break, qua d.ata porta, rtiimt, et terras turbine perfiaiit. All 
 which notwithstanding, no course or custom is so desperate in 
 infection, but some hope is left to escape their punishment in 
 every man, according to Ovid, vivere ape vidi, qui moriturus erat 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 157 
 
 Diseases, day and night, with natural wings ^'^^ 
 And silent entries stole on men their stings ; 
 The great in counsels, Jove, tlieir voices reft, 
 That not the truest might avoid their tlieft, 
 IS"or any 'scape the ill, in any kind, 
 
 Resolv'd at first in his almighty mind. 175 
 
 And, wert thou willing, I would add to this 
 A second cause of men's calamities. 
 Sing all before, and since, nor will be long, 
 But short, and knowing ; and t' observe my song. 
 Be thy conceit and mind's retention strong. 
 
 When first both Gods and Men had one time's birth, 
 The Gods of diverse-languag'd men on Earth 
 A Golden^ world produc'd, that did sustain 
 Old Saturn's rule Avhen he in heaven did reign ; 
 And then liv'd men, like Gods,'^ in pleasure here, 
 Indued with minds secure ; from toils, griefs, clear ; 
 Nor noisome age made any crooked ; there 
 Their feet went ever naked as their hands; 
 Their cates were blessed, serving their commands. 
 With ceaseless plenties ; all days sacred made 
 To feasts, that surfeits never could invade. 
 Thus liv'd they long, and died as seis'd with sleep ; 
 All good things serv'd them; fruits did ever keep 
 Their free fields crown'd, that all abundance bore ; 
 
 i X/)i^cr607/. Not or\\y this description of Ages (as the 
 critics observe) is imitated by all the Latin poets, but all the 
 rest of this author ; and chiefly by Virgil himself. His sen- 
 tence and ins^ention made so common, that their community 
 will darken the rarity of them in their original. And this was 
 called the Golden Age (aocordino- to Plato) for the virtuous 
 excellency of men's natural dispositions and manners. 
 
 ^^"ilare deol, sad ut dii vivebant homines. The poet, says 
 Melancthon, could not but have some light of our parents* 
 lives in Paradise. 
 
158 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 All which all equal shared, and none wish'd more. ^'•^•'^ 
 
 And, when the Earth had hid them, Jove's will was, 
 
 The good should into heavenly natures pass ; 
 
 Yet still held state on earth, and guardians^ were 
 
 Of all best mortals still surviving there, 
 
 Observed works just and unjust, clad in air, 200 
 
 And, gliding undiscover'd everywhere. 
 
 Gave riches where they pleased; and so were reft 
 
 Nothing of all the royal rule they left. 
 
 The Second Age, that next succeeded this. 
 Was far the worse ; which heaven-hous'd Deities 
 Of Silver-fashion'd ; not like that of Gold 
 In disposition, nor so wisely soul'd. 
 For children then liv'd in their mothers' cares 
 (AH that time growing still) a hundred years ; 
 And were such great fools at that age, that they ^^^^ 
 Could not themselves dispose a family. 
 And when they youths grew, having reached the date 
 That rear'd their forces up to man's estate, 
 They liv'd small space, and spent it all in pain, 
 
 198 1 4)i;xct/ces avdpibirwv, cus^odes hominum ; from hence the 
 opinion springeth that every man hath his good angel ; which 
 sort of spirits, however discredited now to attend and direct 
 men, Plutarch, in his (Commentaries Be, Oraridorttrn DefectUy 
 defends to retain assured bein^, in this sort ; as if a man 
 should take away the interjected air betwixt the earth and 
 the moon, that man must likewise dissolve all the coherence 
 and actual unity of the universe, leaving vacuum inmedio^ and 
 necessary bond of it all ; so they that admit no Genii leave be- 
 twixt God and men no reasonable mean for commerce, the 
 interpretative and administering faculty, as Plato calls it, be- 
 twixt them utterly destroying, and v/ithdrawing consequently 
 .all their reciprocal and necessary uses ; as the witches of 
 Thessaly are said to pluck the moon out of her sphere. But 
 these men being good, turned only good Gtnii ; the next Age, 
 men, being bad, turned in their next- being bad Genii, of which 
 after was iield a man's good and bad Genius, 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 159 
 
 Caused by their follies ; not of power t' abstain 
 From doing one another injury. 
 Nor would they worship any Deity, 
 I^'or on the holy altars of the Blest 
 Any appropriate sacrifice addrest, 
 
 As fits the fashion of all human birth. 22« 
 
 For wliich Jove, angry, hid them straight in earth, 
 
 Since to the blessed IJeities of heaven 
 
 They gave not those respects they should have given. 
 
 But when the Earth had hid these like the rest, 
 
 They then were callM the subterrestial blest,^ 225 
 
 And in bliss second, having honours then 
 
 Fit for the infernal spirits of powerful men. 
 
 Then form'd our Father Jove a Third Descent, 
 Whose Age was Brazen ; clearly different 
 From that of Silver. All the mortals there 280 
 Of wild ash fashion'd, stubborn and austere ; 
 Whose minds the harmful facts of Mars affected, 
 And petulant injury. All meats rejected 
 Of natural fruits and lierbs. And these were they 
 That first began that table cruelty ^36 
 Of slanght'ring beasts ; and therefore grew they fierce, 
 And not to be endur'd in their commerce. 
 Their ruthless minds in adamant were cut, 
 
 225 in'']r7^ox^6^'iot //.d/capes, .vfhterranei heati mortales vocantur. 
 Out of tlieii- long lives and little knowledges, in neglect of re- 
 ligion, subject to })ainful and bitter death ; where the former 
 good men sweetly slept him out. But for the powers of their 
 bodies, being fashioned of the world's yet fresh and vigorous 
 matter, their spirits that informed their bodies are supposed 
 secondly powerful ; and that is intended in their recourse to 
 earthly men, such as themselves were, furthering their affec- 
 tions and ambitions to ill, for which they had honour of those 
 men, and of them were accounted blest, as the former good 
 ijTtnii were so, indeed, for exciting men to goodness. 
 
160 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Their strengths were dismal, and their shoulders put 
 
 Inaccessible hands out over all ; 
 
 Their brawny limbs arm'd with a brazen wall. 
 
 Their houses all were brazen, all of brass 
 
 Their working instrument??, for black iron was 
 
 As yet unknown. And the^^c (their own lives ending. 
 
 The vast and eold-Sid house of hell descending) '^^^ 
 
 No grace had in their ends;" but though they were 
 
 !N'ever so powerful, and enforcing fear. 
 
 Black death reduc'd their greatness in their spight 
 
 T' a little room,^ and stopp'd their cheerful light. 
 
 When these left life, a Fourth Kind Jove gave birth 
 Upon the many-a-creature-nourishiiig earth; -'^^ 
 More just, and better than this race before — 
 Divine heroes, that the surnames bore 
 Of semigods;^' yet these impetuous tight 
 And bloody war bereft of life and light. 
 Some, in Cadm/Ban earth, contentious 
 
 246 n ^{JovvixvoL. Thcsc he intends were such rude and 
 powerful men, as not only refused, like the second sort, to 
 do honour to the Deities, but diiectly rebelled against them, 
 and affected here in earth celestial enipery ; ior which the 
 Celestials let them see that they need none but themselves to 
 take down their affectati<nis ; and for their so huge conceit of 
 themselves had never any least honour of others, whicii many 
 great men of this Ir on Age need not be ignorant, tiierefore, is 
 the event of such great ones ; and, howsoever they laugh in 
 their sleeves at any other being than this, they may tal^e notice 
 by their wisers, that, even according to reason, both, there are 
 other beings, and differences of those beings, both in honours 
 and miseries. 
 
 o KCkeii), in arctum cogo, seu in angii-tnni rcdigo. 
 
 -^■^ P 'liytti^eot, semidei. intending Hercules, Jason, and 
 others of those Ar^^onauts whose ship was vrjvs 'kpyCj iraa-L/uie- 
 \ovaa, navis o/hmOus ru.rw, because it held the care of all 
 men in those that were in her ; intending of all the virtuous 
 men that were then of name, who weie called semigods for 
 their godlike virtues. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 161 
 
 To prise the infinite wealth of QLdipus, 
 
 Before seven-ported p Thebes; some shipp'd upon 
 
 The ruthless waves, and led to Ilion, 
 
 For fair-hair'd Helen's love ; where, likewise, they 
 
 In bounds of death confin'd the beams of day. 
 
 To these yet Jove gave second life, and seat 
 At ends of all the earth ; in a retreat 
 From human feet, where souls secure they bear, 
 Amids the Blessed Islands,^ situate near 
 The gulfy-whirl-pit-eating ocean flood, 
 Happy heroes living ; for whose food 
 The plenty-bearing Tellus, thrice a year, 
 Delicious fruits and fragrant herbs doth bear. 
 
 0 that I might not live now, to partake -''^ 
 The Age that must the Fifth succession make. 
 But either die before, or else were born 
 When all that Age is into ashes worn ! 
 For that which next springs, in supply of this, 
 Will all of Iron^ produce his families; ^'^^ 
 Whose bloods shall be so banefully corrupt 
 They shalt not let them sleep, but interrupt 
 With toils and miseries all their rests and fares. 
 The Gods such grave and soul-dissecting cares 
 Shall steep their bosoms in. And yet some good 
 
 p'ETrraTriyXa;. He calls this seven-ported Thebes, to dis- 
 tinguish it from that of Egypt, that had 100 ports, besides 
 that Hyppoplace in Cilicia. 
 
 265 q'E^ /maKCLpcov vrjaoLo-L, in he%torum insulis ; of which For- 
 tunate Islands, vide Horn. Odyss. 8. 
 
 275 r Yevos €(ttI (TLdrjpeov, ctijus yenus est ferreum. This Fifth 
 Age he only prophesied of", almost three thousand years since ; 
 which falling out in this age especially true shows how divine 
 a truth inspired him ; and whether it be lawful or not, with 
 Plato and all the formerly learned, to give these worthiest 
 poets the commendation of divine. 
 
 L 
 
162 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Will God mix with tlieir bad ; for when the blood 
 
 Faints in their nourishment, and leaves their hair 
 
 A little gray, Jove's hand will stop tlie air 
 
 'Twixt them and life, and take them straight away. 
 
 Twixt men and women shall be such foul play 
 
 In their begetting pleasures, and their race 
 
 Spring from such false seed, that the son's stol'n face 
 
 Shall nought be like the sire's, the sire no more 
 
 Seen in his issue. No friend, as before, 
 
 Shall like his friend be ; nor no brother rest -'^^^ 
 
 Kind like his brother ; no guest like a guest 
 
 Of former times ; no child use like a child 
 
 His aged parents, but with manners wild 
 
 Revile and shame them ; their impiety 
 
 Shall never fear that GocVs all-seeing eye -^'^ 
 
 Is fixt upon them, but shall quite despise 
 
 Repayment of their education's price, 
 
 ^ Bear their law in tlieir hands, and when they get 
 
 Their father's free-given goods, account them debt. 
 
 •City shall city ransack ; not a grace ^"^'^ 
 
 To any pious man shall show her face, 
 
 Nor to a just or good man. AD, much more, 
 
 Shall grace a beastly and injurious bore. 
 
 No right shall seize on any hand of theirs. 
 
 Nor any shame make blush their black affairs. '^"^ 
 
 The worse shall worse the better with bad words, 
 
 And swear him out of all his right affords. 
 
 Ill-lung'd,* ill-liver'd, ill-complexion'd Spight 
 
 298 s Xeipo5t/cai, quihus ju^i est in vmnihus ; all this Ovid 
 translates : Nec ho.spes ab hos/nte tntuSy non 8ocer a genero ; 
 frafmm quogue gratia vara est, 
 
 303 [f^ore — boor.] 
 
 ^ AvcTKeXados, male sen graviter sonans ; KaKox^pros, malis 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD, 163 
 
 Shall consort all the miserable plight 
 
 Of men then living. Justice then, and Shame, 
 
 Clad in pure white (as if they never came 
 
 In touch of those societies) shall fly 
 
 Up to the Gods' immortal family, 
 
 From broad-way 'd earth ; and leave grave griefs to men, 
 That (desp'rate of amends) must bear all then. 
 
 But now to kings a fable I'll obtrude, 
 Though clear they savor all it can inckide : 
 The hawk once having trust up in his seres 
 The sweet-tun'd nightingale, and to the spheres 
 His prey transferring, with his talons she ^-^ 
 Pinch Yl too extremely, and incessantly 
 Crying for anguisli, this imperious speech 
 He gave tlie poor bird : " Why complain'st thou wretch 1 
 One holds thee now that is thy mightier far ; 
 Go as he guides, though ne'er so singular "^'^^ 
 Thou art a singer ; it lies now in me 
 To make thee sup me, or to set thee free. 
 Fool that thou art, whoever will contend 
 "With one whose faculties his own transcend 
 Both fails of conquest, and is likewise sure 
 Besides his wrong he shall bad words endure." 
 
 Thus spake the swift and broad-wing'd bird of prey. 
 
 But hear ^ thou justice, and hate injury. 
 
 {/audens, vel quo mali gaudent et ddectantur, vel alienis 
 mstdtans calamitatibus ; arvyepujTrrjs, inviso aspectUy et torvis 
 ocidis cernens ; all epithets of ^7770?. 
 
 31s u"Ip^t^ accipiter. The manners of the mighty to- 
 wards the mean are figured in this fiction by the nightingale 
 understanding learned and virtuous men. The following 
 verse, d(ppoji^, imprudenSy cbc. follows the most Sacred Letter, 
 non esse rdnctandum potentioribus. 
 
 333 x-'Q lUpaTj. He speaks to his brother and returns to 
 his first proposition ; of the fit contention to which he per- 
 
164 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Wrong touches near a miserable man ; 
 
 For (though most patient) yet he hardly can 
 
 Forbear just wonls, and feel injurious deeds. 
 
 Unjust loads vex ; he hardly bears that bleeds. 
 
 And yet hath Wronp; to Ri^ht a better way, 
 
 For in the end will Justice win the day. 
 
 Till which who bears sees then amends arise ; 
 
 The fool^ first suffers, and is after wise. 
 
 But crooked ^ Justice jointly hooks with it 
 
 Injurious Perjury ; arid that unfit 
 
 Outrage brib'd judires use, that makes them draw 
 
 The way their gifts go, ever cuts out law ^'^^ 
 
 By crooked meavsures. Equal Justice then, 
 
 All clad ill air, th' ill minds of bribed men 
 
 Comes after mourning, mourns the city's ill. 
 
 Which, where she is expelled, she brings in still. 
 
 But those that with impartial dooms extend ""'^^ 
 
 As well to strangers as their household friend 
 
 The law's pure truth, and will in no point stray 
 
 From forth the slraiglit tract of the equal way, 
 
 With such the city all things noble nourish, 
 
 suaded him before ; and though shame and injustice are fled 
 in others, yet he wisheth him to love and embrace them. The 
 elegant description immediately before being truly philo- 
 sophical, and is handled at large by Plato in Protagoras. 
 
 '■^^^ y YlaOuju urjiTLos, pas^its vero stuUiis sapity which was since 
 usurped proverbially ; signif3dng that wisdom to be folly that 
 we learn but of our own first suffered afflictions, which 3'et 
 I think far exceeds any wisdom that was never taught nor 
 confirmed b}^ first feeling infortunes and calamities, 
 
 z 2;/coXi?7(r6 dLKrja-Lu, properly signifies curvis vel tortuosis 
 judiciis, which, he says, ravish together with them perjury. 
 Alluding to crooked things, or things wrapt together like 
 brambles, that catch and keep with them whatsoever touches 
 them. Our proverb, to overtake with a crooked measure, 
 not ridiculously applied to this grave metaphor; (tkoXlo-I 5i'/cat, 
 not signifying in this place what ovir critics teach, vid. lifea 
 iniquas, hut judicia iiiiqna stu tortuosa. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD, 165 
 
 With such the people in their profits flourish ; , ^.'is 
 
 Sweet Peace along the land goes, nor to them 
 
 All-seeing Jove will destinate th' extreme 
 
 Of baneful war. Xo hunger ever comes, 
 
 No ill, where judges use impartial dooms. 
 
 But goods well got maintain still neighbour feasts ; 
 
 The fields flow there with lawful interests ; 
 
 On hills the high oak acorns bears ; in dales 
 
 Th' industrious bee her honey sweet exhales, 
 
 And full-feird sheep are shorn with festivals ; 
 
 There women bring forth children like their sire, 
 
 And all, in all kinds, find their own entire; 
 
 Nor ever plow they up the barren seas. 
 
 Their own fat fields yield store enough to please. 
 
 But whom rude Injury delights, and acts 
 
 That misery and tyranny contracts, ^'^^ 
 
 Sharp-sighted Jove for such predestines pain ; 
 
 And oftentimes'^ the whole land dotli sustain, 
 
 For one man's wickedness, that thriving in 
 
 Inequal dooms, still makes him sentence him. 
 
 For where such men bear privileg'd office still, 
 
 '■in a YloWdiu. Oftentimes for one ill man a whole city suf- 
 fers ; which sentence, in near the same words, is used in Eccle- 
 eiastes, Scepe nniversa civitas mali viri pcenain luit. And as 
 before he recounts the blessings that accompany good kings or 
 judges, so here he remembers the plagues that pursue the bad, 
 enforcing in both, as I may say, the ebbing or flowing of every 
 commonwealth by them. For law being soul to every such 
 politic body, and judges, as if essence to that soul, in giving 
 it form and being, according to their sentence and expositions 
 of it, the bociy politic of force must fare well or ill, as it is 
 gov^erned well or ill ; no otherwise than as the body of a man 
 suffers good or ill by his soul's good or bad information and 
 discipline. These threats used here, saith Melancthon, as in 
 divers others places of this divine poet, he questionless gathered 
 out of the doctrine of Moses and the Prophets, with whom the 
 like comminations are everywhere frequent. 
 
166 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 There Jove pours down whole deluges of ill; 
 
 Famine and Pestilence together go ; 
 
 The people perish ; women barren grow ; 
 
 AVhole houses vanish there sometimes in peace ; 
 
 And sometimes armies, rais'd to shield th' increase 
 
 The Gods late gave them, even those Gods destroy, 
 
 Their rampires ruin, and let Rapine joy 
 
 The goods Injustice gather'd ; or, elsewhere, 
 
 Jove sinks their ships, and leaves their ventures there. 
 
 Weigh, then, ^'yourselves this justice, 0 ye kings; '^^^ 
 
 For howsoever oft unequal things 
 
 Obtain their pass, they pass not so the eyes 
 
 Of all the all-discerning Deities ; 
 
 For close and conversant their virtues be 
 
 With men ; and, how they grate each other, see, ^'-^^ 
 
 With wrested judgments ; yielding no cares due 
 
 To those sure wreaks with which the Gods pursue 
 
 Unequal judges. Though on earth there are 
 
 Innumerable Gods that minister 
 
 Beneath great Jove, that keep men, clad in air, ^^-^ 
 
 Corrupt dooms noting, and each false affair, 
 
 And, gliding through the earth, are everywhere. 
 
 Justice is seed to Jove, in all fame dear. 
 
 And reverend to the Gods inhabiting Heaven, 
 
 And still a Virgin ; whom when men ill given 
 
 Hurt, and abhorring from the right shall wrong. 
 
 She, for redress, to Jove her sire complains 
 
 385 b Kat avToi, He would have judges enter into considera- 
 tion themselves of the dangers in injustice, which presently 
 after he reduces into three arguments. The first, oi avrcp, 
 aibi ipsi, which sentence to admiration agrees to that of the 
 Scripture, Incidit in foveam quam fecit ; the second for fear 
 of further punishment from God ; the third he makes out of 
 the natural indignity and absurdity of the thing. 
 
GEO RG ICS OF IIESIOIX 
 
 167 
 
 Of the unjust mind every man sustains, 
 
 And prays the people may repay the pains 
 
 Their kings liave forfeited in their offences, '^'^ 
 
 Depraving justice, and the genuine senses 
 
 Of laws corrupted in tlieir sentences. 
 
 Observing this, ye gift-devouring kings, 
 
 Correct your sentences ; and to their springs 
 
 Remember ever to reduce those streams 
 
 Whose crooked courses every man condemns. 
 
 Whoever forgeth for another ill, 
 
 W'ith it himself is overtaken still. 
 
 In ill men run on that the^^ most abhor ; 
 
 111 counsel worst is to the councellor. 
 
 For Jove's eye all things seeing, and knowing all. 
 
 Even these things, if he will, of force must fall 
 
 Within his sight and knowledge ; nor to him 
 
 Can these brib'd dooms in cities shine so dim 
 
 But he discerns them, and will pay tliein pain ; -" '^ 
 
 Else would not I live justly amongst men. 
 
 Nor to my justice frame my childeren. 
 
 If to be just is ever to be ill, 
 
 And tliat the unjust finds most justice still. 
 
 And Jove gave each man in the end his will. 
 
 But he that loves the lightning (I conceive) 
 
 To these things thus will no conclusion give. 
 
 However, Perses,^ put these in thy heart, 
 
 42b c'^^ llepa-rj. He persuades his brother to the love of 
 justice by argument taken from the true nature of man, that, 
 by virtue of his divine soul, naturally loves it ; because God 
 infused into that divine beam of his being immortal a love 
 to that that preserved imniortalit}^ without that immortal 
 destruction affected in injustice. Fishes, beasts, and fWls, 
 endued naturally with no such love to justice, but allowed by 
 God to do like themselves and devour one another ; which 
 that men should do as well as they, is most inhuman and full 
 
168 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 And to the equity of things convert 
 
 Thy mind's whole forces, all thought striking dead ^'^^ 
 
 To that foul Rapine that hath now such head. 
 
 For in our manhoods Jove liath justice clos'd, 
 
 And as a law upon our souls impos'd. 
 
 Fish, fowl, and savage beasts, (wliose law is pow'r) 
 
 Jove lets each other mutually devour, 
 
 Because they lack the equity he gives 
 
 To govern men, as far best for their lives ; 
 
 And therefore men should follow it with strives. 
 
 For he that knows the justice of a cause. 
 
 And will in public ministry of laws ^^'^ 
 
 Give sentence to his knowledge, be he sure 
 
 God will enrich him. But who dares abjure 
 
 His conscious knowledge, and belie the law. 
 
 Past cure will that wound in his conscience draw. 
 
 And for his radiance now his race shall be 
 
 The deeper plung'd in all obscurity. 
 
 The just man's state shall in his seed exceed. 
 
 And, after him, breed honours as they breed. 
 
 But why men's ills prevail so much with them, 
 
 I, that the good know, will uncloud the beam 
 
 In whose light lies the reason. With much ease 
 
 To Vice, and her love, men may make access. 
 
 Such crews in rout herd to her, and her court 
 
 So passing near lies, their way sweet and short ; 
 
 But before Virtue^ do the Gods rain sweat, 
 
 of confusion, as well in their deformed mixture as in the ruin 
 that inseparably follows it. But his confidence here, that 
 whosoever will do justice freely, and without respect of riches, 
 God will enrich him, and that the worse-inclined will feel it 
 in the hell of his conscience, the other's seed j)rospering 
 be3'ond himself, is truly religious and right Christian. 
 
 455 d 5' dp€T7)s, aiite virtutem. His argument to persuade 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 169 
 
 Through which, with toil and lialf-dissolved feet, 
 You must wade to her ; her patli long and steep, 
 And at your entry ^is so sharp and deep, 
 But scaling once her height, the joy is more 
 Than all the pain she put you to before. 
 The pain at first, then, both to love and know 
 Justice and Virtue, and those few that go 
 Their rugged way, is cause 'tis follow'd lest. 
 •'^ Of all men, therefore, he is always best 
 That, not depending on tlie mightiest, 
 Nor on the most, hath of himself descried 
 All things becoming ; and goes fortified 
 In his own knowledge so far as t' intend 
 
 to Virtue here is taken both from her own natural fate and 
 the divine disposition of (>od ; for as she hath a body, being 
 supposed the virtue of man, and through the worthily exer- 
 cised and instructed organs of that body her soul receives her 
 excitation to all her expressible knowledge (for dati sunt 
 sensiis ad excitandum iuteUtctum)^ so to the love and habit of 
 knowledge and Virtue there is first necessarily required a 
 laborious and painful conflict, fouj^ht through the knowledge 
 and hate of the miseries and beastliness of Vice ; and this 
 painful passage to Virtue Virg^il imitated in his translation 
 of the Pythagorean letter Y. iSpihs, or sudor, is to be under- 
 stood of sweat, ex labor e e.t fatigatiom orto, 
 
 464 e ODros fxh iravdpi(Tros. He tells here who is at all parts 
 the best and happiest man, which Virgil even to a word almost 
 recites, and therefore more than imitates, in this, Felix qui 
 potuit rerum cognoscere, caasas, lir. wherein our divine and all- 
 teaching poet since describes three sorts of men ; one that loves 
 virtue out of knowledge acquired and elaborate, which the 
 philosopher calls scientiam acqnisitam ; the second, that loves 
 her out of admonitions, which he calls infiisam scientiam ; the 
 third is he that hath neither of those two knowledges, nor is 
 capable of either, having both these ignorances in him, viz. 
 ignorantiam praoce. dispositionis and puree n.eyatioiiis. Livy, as 
 well as Virgil, recites this place almost ad verhum in Fabio et 
 Minutio, in these words, Soipe ego aadivi, milites, eum primum 
 esse virnm qui ipse considat quid in rem sit ; secundum eum 
 qui bene monenti obediat ; qui nec ipse consulere nec alteri 
 pay ere scit e um extremi iagenii esse. 
 
 4G.0 
 
170 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 What now is best, and Avill be best at th' end. 
 Yet he is good, too, and enough dotli know. 
 That only follows, being admonish'd liow. 
 But he that neither of himself can tell 
 What fits a man, nor being admonish'd well 
 Will give his mind to learn, but flat refuse. 
 That man cast out from every human use. 
 
 Do thou, then, ever in thy memory i)]ace 
 My precepts, Perses, sprung of sacred race, i 
 And work out what thou know'st not, that with hat 
 Famine may prosecute thy full estate, 
 And rich-wreath'd Ceres (reverenc'd of all) 
 .Love thee as much, and make her festival 
 Amids thy granaries. Famine evermore 
 Is natural consort of the idle boor. 
 Whoever idly lives, both Gods and men 
 Pursue with hateful and still-punishing sj)leen. 
 The slothful man is like the stingless drone. 
 That all his power and disposition 
 Employs to rob the labours of the )>ee, 
 And with his sloth devours her industry 
 Do thou repose thy special pleasure, then. 
 In still being conversant with temp^'r-ite pain. 
 That to thee still the Seasons may send home 
 Their utmost store. With labour men become 
 Herdful and rich ; with labour thou shalt prove 
 Great both in human and the Deities' love. 
 One with another, all combin'd in one, 
 Hate with infernal horror th' idle drone. 
 Labour, and thrive, and th' idle 'twill inflame. 
 No shame to Labour ; Sloth is yok'd with shame. 
 Glory and Virtue into consort fall 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 171 
 
 With wealth ; wealth, Godlike, wins the grace of all ; 
 
 Since which yet springs out of the root of pain, 
 
 ^ Pain hath precedence, so thou dost maintain 
 
 The temper fitting, and the foolish vein 
 
 Of striving for the wealth of other men 
 
 Thou giv'st no vent, but on thine own affairs 
 
 Convert'st thy mind, and thereon lay'st thy cares. 
 
 And then put on with all the spirit you can ; 
 
 Shame is not good in any needy man. 
 
 Shame much obscures, and makes as much to fame ; 
 
 A¥ealth loves audacity ; Want favours shame. 
 
 Riches, not ravish'd, but divinely sent 
 
 For virtuous labour, are most permanent. 
 
 If any stand on force, and get wealth so, 
 
 Or with the tongue spoil, as a number do, 
 
 When gain, or craft, doth overgo the soul, 
 
 And impudence doth honest shame controul, 
 
 God easily can the so-made-great disgrace, 
 
 And his house, rais'd so, can as easily race. 
 
 Riches bear date but of a little space. S'iO' 
 
 s Who wrongs an humble suppliant, doth offend 
 As much as he that wrongs a guest, or friend. 
 
 503 f '^pyd^eadaL, laborare antem melius. Notwithstanding 
 he hath no other way to persuade his unwise brother to follow 
 his business, and leave his strife in law for other men's goods, 
 but to propose wealth and honour for the fruits of it, yet he 
 prefers labour alone, joined with love of virtue and justice,^ 
 and the good expence of a man's time, before wealth and 
 honour with covetousness and contention. ^ 
 
 '^21 z'^laov 5' 6s, par est delictum. He says it is as great a sin 
 to wrong a poor suppliant as to wrong a man's best friend or 
 guest, which was then held one of the greatest impieties ; and 
 to deceive an orphan of his dead parent's gift he affirms to be 
 nothing less an offence than to ascend to the bed of his brother 
 not that he makes all sins alike, but shows how horrible those- 
 sins are with which we are most familiar. 
 
172 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 Who for his brother's wife's love doth ascend 
 His brother's bed, and hath his vicious end, 
 Offends no more than he that doth deceive 
 An orphan of the goods his parents leave ; 
 Or he that in the wretched bounds of age 
 Reviles his father. All these Jove enrage, 
 And shall receive of him revenge at last, 
 Inflicting all pains that till then they past. 
 
 From all these, therefore, turn thy striving mind, 
 And to thy utmost see the Gods assign'd 
 •Chastely and purely, all their holy dues. 
 Burn fattest thighs to them ; and sometimes use 
 •Off'rings of wine ; sometimes serve their delights 
 With burning incense ; both when bed-time cites 
 And when from bed the sacred morning calls ; 
 That thou may'st render the Celestials 
 All ways propitious ; and so none else gather 
 Thy fortunes strow'd, but thou reap others rather. 
 
 Suffer thy foe thy table ; call thy friend 
 In chief one near, for if occasion send 
 Thy household use of neighbours, they undrest 
 Will haste to thee, where thy allies will rest 
 Till they be ready. An ill neighbour is 
 A curse ; a good one is as great a bliss. 
 He hath a treasure, by his fortune sign'd. 
 That hath a neighbour of an honest mind. 
 No loss of ox, or horse, a man shall bear. 
 Unless a wicted neighbour dwell too near. 
 Just measure take of neighbours, just repay. 
 The same receiv'd, and more, if more thou may. 
 That after needing, thou may'st after find 
 Thy wants' supplier of as free a mind. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD, ITS' 
 
 Take no ill gain ; ill gain brings loss as ill. 
 Aid quit with aid ; good-will pay with good-will. 
 Give him that hath given ; him that hath not give not 
 Givers men give ; gifts to no givers thrive not. 
 Giving is good, rapine is deadly ill. 
 Who freely gives, though much, rejoiceth still ; 
 Who ravines is so wretched, that, though small 
 His first gift be, he grieves as if 'iwere all. 
 
 Little to little added, if oft done. 
 In small time makes a great possession. 
 Who adds to what is got, needs never fear 
 That ^swarth-cheek'd hunger will devour his cheer; 
 ^ Nor will it hurt a man though something more 
 Than serves mere need he lays at home in store ; 
 And best at home, it may go less abroad. 
 If cause call forth, at home provide thy rode, ^"^^^ 
 Enough for all needs, for free spirits die 
 To want, being absent from their own supply. 
 Which note, I charge thee. At thy purse's heiglit,^ 
 
 555 h Ka/ca K€pd., mala lucra ceqiialia in damnis,. According 
 to this of the Scripture, Male partammale disperit ; et de male 
 qncesitis non gaudet fertins hoires. 
 
 566 i ^['^oTTCL X^fxbv^ atvam famem. Black or swarth he calls 
 famine or hunger ; ah effectii quod nigr^im aiit lucidiim colorem 
 indncat, 
 
 k Oi;5e. He says it will not hurt a man to have a little 
 more than needs merely laid up at home ; as we say, it will 
 eat a man no meat, and prefers keeping a man's store at home 
 to putting it forth, for it may go less so, as often it doth. 
 
 ^^•^ ^'ApxofJLeuov, incipie/iite dolio. At the beginning or height 
 of a man's store he adviseth liberality, and at the bottom ; in 
 the midst frugality ; admonishing therein not to be prodigal 
 nor sordid or wretched ; but, as at the top of the cask wine is 
 the weakest and thinnest, because it is most near the air, and 
 therefore may there be best spent, at the bottom full of lees, 
 and so may there be best spared, in the midst neatest and 
 briskest, and should be then most made of or husbanded, so 
 in the midst of a man's purse he adviseth parsimony. 
 
174 
 
 FIRST BOOK OF THE 
 
 And when it fights low, give thy use his freight ; 
 
 When in the midst thou art, then check the blood ; ^''^ 
 
 Frugality at bottom is not good. 
 
 Even with thy brother think a "^witness by, 
 
 When thou would'st laugh, or converse liberally ; 
 
 Despair hurts none beyond credulity. 
 
 Let never ^Mieat-girt dame, that all her wealth ''^^ 
 Lays on her waist, make profit of her stealth 
 On thy true judgment; nor be heard to feign 
 With her fork'd tongue, so far forth as to gain 
 Thy candle rent (she calls it). He that gives 
 A woman trust doth trust a den of thieves. 
 " One only son preserves a family, 
 As feeding it with only fit supply. 
 And that house to all height his riches rears 
 Whose sire dies old, and leaves a son of years. 
 To many children, too, God easily spares ^-^^ 
 
 577 m 'Ett^ fxdpTvpa B^ddai, testem adbibeto. The critics ex- 
 pound it as if a man, talking privately and liberally with his 
 brother, should confer so securely that he must ever bring a 
 witness with him of w^hat words passed him ; and the critics 
 intend it personally, where the word B^adaL signifies here only 
 siipputa, cogita, hypothetically, or by way of supposition ; 
 B^adaL coming of rlBrjjULLy i. e. Beaiv et vwoBeaLj/y facio^ esto 9(t 
 ita sit : suppose there were a witness by, and be as circum-, 
 spect in speeches with your brother, even in your most private 
 and free discourse, as if you supposed a third man heard you. 
 The other exposition is to be exploded. 
 
 580 n UvyoaroKos, qui vel quce dunes exornat. 
 
 5.S6 o 'yiovvoy6V7)s, unigeuitns. He says one only son preserves 
 his father's house, and adds most ingeniously, (fyep^ejjiev, i. e. 
 pascendo sen nutriendo ; intending that he adds only necessary 
 vital fuel, as it were, to his father's decaying fire ; where many 
 sons oftentimes rather famish or extinguish a family than 
 nourish or fuel it ; and yet he adds, most gravely and piously, 
 that God can easily give store of goods fit for the greatest store 
 of children ; but yet the more children the more care ; and 
 speaking to the happiest state of a family, he prefers one 
 supplier to many. 
 
GE ORG I OS OF HESIOD, 
 
 175 
 
 "Wealth store ; but still, more children the more cares, 
 
 And to the house the more access is made. 
 
 If, then, the hearty love of wealth invade 
 
 Thy thrifty mind, perform what follows here, 
 
 1^ And, one work done, with others serve the year. -^'-^^ 
 
 595 v"^pd€Lv, sicfacUo. A general conchision, and transition 
 to his doctrine of the next book. 
 
 THE END OF THE FIRST BOOK. 
 
THE SECOND BOOK OF THE GEORGICS 
 OF HESIOD. 
 
 HEX, Atlas' birth, the Pleiades arise, 
 Harvest begin, plow when they leave 
 the skies. 
 
 Twice twenty days and nights these 
 liide their heads ; 
 The year then turning, leaA^'e again their beds, 
 And show when first to whet the harvest steel. ^ 
 This likewise is the law the fields must feel, 
 Both with sea-dwellers, near and high, and those 
 Whose winding valleys Neptune overflows. 
 That '^fenny grounds and marshes dwell upon, 
 Along the fat and fruitful region. 
 But, wheresoever thou inhabit'st, ply 
 The fields before fierce winter's cruelty 
 
 ^ He begins his Works, to which immediatel.y before he pre- 
 pares his brother ; this whole book containing precepts of 
 husbandry, both for field and family. By the ascent and set 
 of the Pleiades is shown the harvest and seed season, as well 
 for ground near the seas as the far distant. The Pleiades, 
 called the daughters of Atlas, are the seven stars in the back 
 of the Bull, which the Latins called Verfjilias; when which are 
 seen near the sun rising, which is in June, he appoints entry 
 on harvest affairs ; when in the morning they leave this hemi- 
 sphere, which is in November, he designs seed-time. 
 
 ^ ^ AyKea^ palnsfrem terram significat. 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD, 177 
 
 Oppress tliy pains, when thou may'st naked plow, 
 
 Naked cast in thy seed, and naked mow, 
 
 If timely thou wilt bear into thy barn 
 
 The works of Ceres ; and to that end learn 
 
 As timely to prepare thy whole increase, 
 
 Lest, in the meantime, thy necessities 
 
 Importune thee at others' doors to stand. 
 
 And beg supplies to thy unthrifty hand ; 20 
 
 As now thou com'st to me, but I no more 
 
 Will give, or lend thee, what thou may'st restore 
 
 By equal measure, nor will trust thee so. 
 
 Labour, vain Perses, and those labours do. 
 
 That, by the certain sign of beggary 25 
 
 Demonstrated in idle drones, thine eye 
 May learn the work that equal Deity 
 Imposeth of necessity on men ; 
 Lest with thy wife, and wanting childeren, 
 (Thy mind much griev'd) thou seek'st of neighbours food, 
 Thine own means failing. Men grow cold in good, 
 Some twice, or thrice, perhaps, thy neighbour will 
 Supply thy wants ; whom if thou troubFst still. 
 Thou com'st off empty, and to air dost strain 
 A world of words ; words store make wanting men. 
 I charge thee, therefore, see thy thoughts employ'd 
 To pay thy debts, and how thou may'st avoid 
 Deserved famine. To which end, first see 
 Thy wife well order'd, and thy family ; 
 Thy plow-drawn ox; thy ^maid, without her spouse, 
 
 26 b ALaTeK/jLaLpo/maL, per signmn demomtro ita ut conjectare 
 sit facile. 
 
 c KT7]Tr)u, famulam conmderate acquisitam. He would 
 have her likewise unmarried, ov yaiuLerrju^ non nuptam ; his 
 reason he shows after. 
 
178 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 And wisely hir'd, that business in thy house 
 May first work off, and then to tillage come. 
 To both which offices make fit at home 
 Everything needful, lest abroad thou send 
 To ask another, and he will not lend ; 
 Meantime thou want'st them, time flies fast away, 
 Thy work undone, which not from day to day 
 Thou should'st defer ; the ^ work-deferrer never 
 Sees full his barn; nor he that leaves work ever. 
 And still is gadding out. ^ Care-liying ease 
 Gives labour ever competent increase. 
 ^ He that with doubt his needful business crosses 
 Is ever wrastling with his certain losses. 
 When, therefore, of the ^ swift-sharp-sighted sun 
 The chief force faints, and sweating lieat is done, 
 Autumn grown old, and ^ opening his last vein, 
 And great Jove steeping all things in his rain, 
 Man's body chang'd, and made more lightsome far, 
 (For then but small time shines the Sirian star 
 Above the heads of ^ hard-fate-foster'd man. 
 Rising near day, and his beams Austrian 
 Enjoy'd in night most), — when, I say, all this 
 Follows the season, and the forest is 
 
 ^ 'EraxTLoepybs, non assiduus in opere. 
 6 'MeXerrj, cura cum industrid et exer citation e. 
 ^'■^ ^'AfjLjSoXLepybs, qui opus de die in diem rejicit et procrastinat. 
 ^^g'O^eos ijeXioLo, metaphorice accipitur pro acumine et visus 
 celeritate. 
 
 'IddXifios, sudorijicus humidus calor does not express the 
 word, being so turned in the verbal translation. 
 
 i MeroTrojpLvb';, qui extremi et s^rwscentis AnliimAii eM. 
 ^ l<.')]pLrp€(p7]s, qui una cum Itthiferofato alitin\ vet qui edii- 
 caiur inter midtas durcf sortis mi&erias, the most fit epithet of 
 man. 
 
 6j prf^Q sylod. 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 179 
 
 Sound, being fell'd, his leaves upon the ground 
 Before let fall, and leaving what they crown'd 
 Then constantly take time to fell thy wood ; 
 Of husbandry the time kept is the blood. 
 
 Cut then your three-foot ^ quern ; Avhose pestle cut 
 Three cubits long ; your axletree seven foot. 
 If it be eight foot, cut your mallet thence ; 7o 
 The felfs, that make your cart's circumference, 
 Cut three spans long. Many crook'd pieces more. 
 Ten palms in length, fell for your wagons' store. 
 All which \)()0v rules a rich convenience yield. 
 
 If thou slmlt hnd a culter in the field, ^5 
 Or on the mountain, either elm or oak, 
 Convey it home, since, for tliy beasts of yoke 
 To plow withal, 'twill most his strength maintain ; 
 And, chiefly, if "^Atiienian Ceres' swain 
 It fixing to the draught- tree, lest it fails, 
 Shall fit it to the handles' stay with nails. 
 
 Two plows compose, to find thee work at home, 
 One with a share that of itself doth come 
 From forth the plow s whole piece, and one set on ; 
 Since so 'tis better much, for, either gone, 
 With th' other thou may'st instantly impose 
 Work on thy oxen. On the laurel grows. 
 And on the elm, your best plow-hanJJes ever ; 
 Of oak your draught-tree ; from the maple never 
 Go for your culter ; for your oxen chuse 
 Two males of nine years' old, for then their use 
 
 i"OX/xoz/. A kind of mortar to bray corn in, which the 
 ancients used for a little mill or quern. 
 
 79 m 'A^7;j/at77s S/xtDos, Atticm Cereris servfts ; a periphrasis of 
 a plowman ; she being called Attic Ceres, quod ipsa Atheni- 
 enseSy adeoque omms homints, de frugibus docnerit. 
 
180 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 Is most available, since their strengths are then 
 
 Not of the weakest, and the youthful mean 
 
 Sticks in their nerves still ; nor will these contend 
 
 With skittish tricks, when they the stitch should end, 
 
 To break their plow, and leave their work undone. 
 
 These let a youth of "forty wait upon, . 
 
 Whose bread at meals in four good shivers cut, 
 
 Eight bits in every shive ; for ^that man, put 
 
 To his fit task, will see it done past talk 
 
 With any fellow, nor will ever balk 
 
 In any stitch he makes, but give his mind 
 
 With care t' his labour. And this man no hind 
 
 (Though much his younger) shall his better be 
 
 At sowing seed, and, shunning skilfully, 
 
 Need to go over his whole work again. 
 
 Your younger man feeds still a flying vein 
 
 From his set task, to hold his equals chat. 
 
 And trifles works he should be serious at. 
 
 Take notice, then, when thou the crane shalt hear 
 Aloft out of the clouds her clanges rear. 
 That then he gives thee signal when to sow, 
 And Winter's wrathful season doth foreshow ; 
 
 97 n ^€Tpa.Tpv(f)ov, oKTCL^Xufiou, quadrijidumy octo morsuum. 
 He commends a man of forty for a most fit servant ; and there- 
 fore prescribes allovt^ance of bread to his meals something ex- 
 traordinary, saying he would have allowed four shives of bread 
 at a meal to his meat, every shive containing eight bits or 
 morsels ; not that the whole four shives should contain but 
 eight morsels, as the critics expound it ; for how absurd is it 
 to imagine a shive of bread but two bits ? and how pinching 
 a diet it were for an able plow-man ? 
 
 ^"Os K ^pyov. Qui quidem opus ciirans, et cetatis quam in 
 servo requirit (says Melancthon) rationes addit admoduni 
 graves, sentitqne midtum nitutn esse in maturitate cetatis. Forty 
 years then being but a youth's age. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 181 
 
 And then the man, that can no oxen get, 
 Or wants the season's work, his heart doth eat. 
 Then feed thy oxen in the house with hay ; 
 Which he that wants with ease enough will say, 
 " Let me, alike, thy wain and oxen use." 
 Which 'tis as easy for thee to refuse, 
 And say thy ox work then importunes much. ^^o 
 He that is rich in brain will answer such : 
 Work up thyself a wagon of thine own ; 
 For to the foolish borrower is not known 
 That each wain asks a hundred joints of wood ; 
 These things ask forecast, and thou shouldst make good 
 At home before thy need so instant stood." ^'^^^ 
 
 When, therefore, first fit plow-time doth disclose, 
 Put on thy spirit ; all, as one, dispose 
 Thy servants and thyself ; plow wet and dry ; 
 And when Aurora first affords her eye, 
 In Spring-time, turn the earth up ; which see done 
 Again, past all fail, by the Summer's sun. 
 Hasten thy labours, that thy crowned fields 
 May load themselves to thee, and rack their yields. 
 The tilth -field sow on earth's most light foundations ; 
 The P tilth-field, banisher of execrations, 
 Pleaser of sons and daughters ; which, t' improve 
 With all wish'd profits, pray to earthly Jove, 
 And virtuous Ceres, that on all such suits 
 Her sacred gift bestows in blessing fruits. ^^^^ 
 
 136 p -^eios dXe^LOLpr], novalis imprecationum expultrix. The 
 tilth-field he calls banisher of execrations, and pleaser of sons 
 and daughters ; first, because rude husbandmen use to curse 
 when their crops answer not their expectations ; and next, 
 it pleases sons and daughters, since it helps add to their 
 portions. 
 
182 
 
 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 When first thou enter'st foot to plow thy land, 
 And on thy plow-staff's top hast laid thy hand, 
 Thy oxen's backs, that next thee by a chain 
 Thy oaken draught-tree draw, put to the pain 
 Thy goad imposes ; and thy boy behind, 
 That with his iron rake thou hast designed 
 To hide thy seed, let from his labour drive 
 The birds that offer on thy sweat to live. 
 The best thing that in human needs doth fall 
 Is Industry, and Sloth the worst of all. 
 With one, thy corn-ears shall with fruit abound, 
 And bow their thankful foreheads to the ground ; 
 With th' other, scarce thy seed again redound. 
 
 When Jove, then, gives this good end to thy pain, 
 Amids the vessels that preserve thy grain 
 Ko spiders then shall need t' usurp their room, 
 But thou, I think, rejoice, and rest at home. 
 Provision inn'd enough of everything 
 To give thee glad heart till the neighbour Spring, 
 Not go to others to supply thy store, ^^'^ 
 But others need to come to thee for more. 
 
 If at the sun's conversion thou shalt sow 
 The sacred earth, thou then may'st ^sit and mow 
 Or reap in harvest ; such a little pain 
 Will serve thy use to sell thy thin-grown grain, 
 And reaps so scanty will take up thy hand ; 
 Thou hid in dust, not comforted a sand. 
 But gather 'gainst the grain. Thou should'st be then 
 
 163 q^'^ixevos, sedens. He disproves sowing at the winter 
 solstice, and saj^s he that doth sow then may sit and reap for 
 any labour his crop will require ; a reap they call as much as 
 at once the reaper grasps in his hand. 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 
 
 Coop'd ill a basket up ; for wordly men 
 Admire no unthrifts, Honour goes by gain. 
 As times still change, so cliangeth Jove his mind, 
 Whose seasons mortal men can hardly find. 
 
 But if thou shouldst sow late, this well may be, 
 In all thy slackness, an excuse for thee : 
 When in the oak's green arms the cuckoo sings, ^'^^ 
 And first delights men in the lovely springs, 
 If much rain fall, 'tis fit then to defer 
 Thy sowing work ; but how much rain to bear. 
 And let no labour to that mucli give ear 
 Past intermission, let Jove steep the grass 
 Three days together, so he do not pass 
 An ox's hoof in depth, and never stay 
 To strow thy seed in ; but if deeper way 
 Jove with his rain makes, then forbear the field. 
 For late-sown then vrill past the foremost yield. 
 
 Mind well all this ; nor let it fly thy pow'rs 
 To know what fits the white Spring's early flow'rs ; 
 Nor when rains timely fall ; nor, when sharp cold 
 In Winter's wrath doth men from work withhold. 
 Sit by smiths' forges,^ nor warm taverns^ haunt, 
 Nor let the bitterest of tlie season daunt 
 Thy thrift-arm'd pains, like idle Poverty ; 
 For then the time is when tli' industrious thigh 
 Upholds, with all increase, his family. 
 
 1' X.6Xk€lov dQKovy ceneri.m sedem. By which he understands 
 smiths' forges, where the poorer sort of Greece used to sit, as 
 they do still in the winter amongst us, and as amongst the 
 Romans, in ton-sfriiiis, or barbers' shops. 
 
 190 s 'ETraXea Xecrxv^, calidam tahernam. These XeVxat Vv-ere 
 of old said to hold the meetings of philosophers ; and after, be- 
 cause amongst them mixed idle talkers over cups, they were 
 called Xeax^h nuyce, Xeaxw'-^) loquacifas or garriditas. 
 
184 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 With whose rich hardness spirited, do thou ^-^^ 
 
 Poor Delicacy fly, lest, frost and snow 
 
 Fled from her love, Hunger sit both them out, 
 
 And make thee, with the beggar's lazy gout, 
 
 Sit stooping to the pain, still pointing to 't, 
 
 And with a* lean hand stroke a foggy foot. 
 
 The slothful man expecting many things. 
 With his vain hope that cannot stretch her wings 
 Past need of necessaries for his kind. 
 Turns, like a whirlpit, over in his mind 
 All means that rapine prompts to tli' idle hind ; ^^^^ 
 Sits in the tavern, and finds means to spend 
 111 got, and ever doth to worse contend. 
 
 When Summer, therefore, in her tropic sits. 
 Make thou thy servants wear their winter wits, 
 And tell them this, ere that warm season wast 
 Make nests, for Summer will not ever last. 
 The month of ^January's all-ill days, 
 For oxen's good, shun now by July's rays. 
 
 200 t AeTTTT; §e, macileiitd vero crassiim pedem maim pt^emas, 
 Aristotle in his problems, as out of this place, affirms that daily 
 and continual hunger makes men's feet and ankles swell; and 
 by the same reason svperiore-^ partes txtenuantiir et onacrcscunt, 
 for which Hesiod uses this ingenious allusion to his bother, 
 advising him to take heed ne pedem tiim.efactum tenui maim 
 demidcere oj)orteat ; irU^w, signifying here demidceo, not strin- 
 gendo crucio, or premo, as it is usually rendered. But (for the 
 pain) stroke or touch it softly, for some ease to it, though it 
 doth little good to it, but only makes good the proverb, Ubi 
 dolor ibi digitus. 
 
 '204 u Ka/cd TTpoaeX^^aTo, mala intra animnm vermt. And 
 therefore, says Melancthon, out of ('olumella, homines nihil 
 agendo male agere discunt ; but irpojeXe^dro signifies not only 
 versaty but instar undaram fluvii vd toraginis versat. 
 
 212 x^jjj^a, de Ar)uaLQva, meiisis in quo festum in honorem Lenei 
 celebraiur. Bacchus being called Xr/vaTos, quoniam torcularibus 
 et vini expressioni preest ; and because his feast used to be 
 solemnized in January, AtjuaLcou is called Januarium, 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD, 
 
 185 
 
 When air's chill ^ Xorth his noisome frosts shall blow 
 
 All over earth, and all the wide sea tlirow * 
 
 At heaven in hills--, from cold horse-breeding Thrace ; 
 
 The beaten earth, and all her sylvan race, 
 
 Koaring and bellowing Avith his bitter strokes ; 
 
 Plumps of thick fir-trees and high-crested oaks 
 
 Torn up in vallies, all air's flood let fly ' 
 
 III him at Earth, sad nurse of all that die ; 
 
 Wild beasts abhor him, and run clapping close 
 
 Their sterns betwixt their thighs ; and even all those 
 
 Whose hides their fleeces line with highest proof, 
 
 Even ox-hides also want expulsive stufl", ^ 
 
 And bristled goats, against his bitter gale, 
 
 He blows so cold he beats quite through them all. 
 
 Only with silly sheep it fares not so ; 
 
 For they each summer fleecM, their fells to grow, 
 
 They shield all winter, crush'd into his wind. 
 
 He makes the old man trudge for life to find 
 
 Shelter against him ; but he cannot blast 
 
 The tender and the delicately-grac't 
 
 Flesh of the virgin, she is kept within 
 
 Close by her mother, careful of her skin, ' 
 
 Since yet she never knew how to enfold 
 
 The force of Venus swimming all in gold; 
 
 Whose snowy bosom, choicely wash'd and balm'd 
 
 With wealthy oils, she keeps the house becalm'd 
 
 All winter's spite. When in his fireless shed ^ 
 
 And miserable roof still hiding head, 
 
 '■^^•^ y IlvQvaavTos Bopeao, Jiante Borea hiemis tetnpus, et 
 mensem Boreali frigore yravisisi/mLm cojnose et eleganter de- 
 scripsii, says Meiancthon. 
 
186 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 The ^boneless fish doth eat his feet for cold, 
 
 To whom the sun doth never food unfold, 
 
 But turns above the black men's populous tower.s, 
 
 On whom he more bestows his radiant hours 
 
 Than on th' ^Hellenians, then all beasts of horn, 
 
 And smooth-brow'd, that in beds of wood are burn, 
 
 About the oaken dales that north-wind fly, 
 
 Gnashing their teeth with restless misery ; 
 
 And everywhere that care solicits all 
 
 That, out of shelter, to their coverts fait, 
 
 And caverns eaten into rocks ; and then 
 
 Those wild beasts shrink, like tame ^three-footed men 
 
 Whose backs are broke with age, and foreheads driven 
 
 To stoop to earth, though born to look ou heaven ; 
 
 Even like to these those tough-bred radc ones go, 
 
 Flying the white drifts of the norlhern snow. 
 
 Then put thy body's best munition on. 
 
 Soft waistcoats, weeds that tli' ankles trail upon ; 
 
 And with a little linen weave much wool ^^^^ 
 
 In forewov'n webs, and make thy garments full. 
 
 And these put on thee, lest thy liarsh-grown hair 
 
 Tremble upon thee, and into the air 
 
 Start, as affrighted ; all that breast of thine 
 
 Pointed with ^ bristles like a porcupine. 
 
 About thy feet see fitted shoes be tied, 
 
 24'j z 'x.v6ar€os, exossis. He intends the Polypus, that hath 
 no bones, but a gristle for his back -bone. 
 
 a HaveWrjpecrcTL. Hellen was son to Deucalion, of whom, 
 as being author of that nation, "EWtju, dicitur GrcecuSj ut 
 teatatur Plinius, lib. 4, cap. 7. The sun being in Sagittarius 
 is longer with the ^thiops, which are meridional, than with 
 the Graecians. 
 
 253 b'TpiTToSi ppoToi 1(701, tripodi homi'thi similes. He calls old 
 men helped with staves in their gait three-footed. 
 265 c'j^^ip^^j;^ pennarum in more in altum ervjere. 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 187 
 
 Made of a strongly-dying ox's hide, 
 
 Liii'd with ^^vool socks ; besides, when those winds blow 
 
 Thy first-fairn kid-skins sure together sow 
 
 With ox's sinews, and about thee throw, 
 
 To be thy refuge 'gainst the soaking rain. 
 
 Upon thy head a quilted hat sustain. 
 
 That from thy ears may all air's spite expell. 
 
 When north-winds blow tlie air is sharp and fell ; 
 
 But morning air, that ^ brings a warmth withal ^75- 
 
 Pown from the stars, and on the earth doth fall, 
 
 Expires a breath that, all things clieering then, 
 
 Is fit to crown the works of blessed men. 
 
 Wiiich drawing out of floods that ever flovv, 
 
 Wind-storms are rais'd on eartii, that roughly blow ; '^^^^ 
 
 And then sometimes a shower falls towards even. 
 
 And sometimes air in empty blasts is driven, 
 
 Which from the north-wind rising out of Thrace, 
 
 And gloomy clouds, rais'd, liaste thee home apace, 
 
 Thy work for that day done, th' event forseen, 
 
 Lest out of Heaven a dark cloud hide thee clean. 
 
 Thy weeds wet through, and steep thee to th.e skin ; 
 
 But shun it, for when this cold month comes in 
 
 Extreme it is for sheep, extreme for men. 
 
 Take from thy oxen half their commons ^then, 
 
 But mend thy servants', for ingenious Night, 
 
 268 d iiiXoLs, not piliSf as it is usually translated, but soculir 
 laneis 
 
 275 e *j^^p Trvpo(p6pos, aer ignifer, not frugifer, though fruits 
 are the chief effects of it, but air that brings a comfortable fire 
 with it, and he says, citt' ovpavov darepoevTos, d coeio stellifero, 
 
 290 f T^/xos, turn, (L'c. Then sharpen thy oxen's stomachs with 
 taking away half their allowance, but give more to thy ser- 
 vants ; his reason is, because the da^^s being shorter by half 
 then than in summer, and so take away half the work of the 
 ox, therefore half their t'other should be in equal husbandry 
 
188 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 Then great in length, affects the appetite 
 With all contention, and alacrity 
 To all invention, and the scrutiny 
 
 Of all our objects, and must therefore feast '^'^^^ 
 
 To make the spirits run high in their inquest. 
 
 These well- observing all the year's remain, 
 
 The days and nights grow equal ; till again 
 
 Earth, that of all things is the Mother Queen, 
 
 All fruits promiscuously brings forth for men. 
 
 When, after sixty turain-^s of the sun, 
 
 By Jove's decrees, all Winter's hours are run, 
 
 Then does the evening-star, ^Arcturus, rise. 
 
 And leave tlie unmeasur'd ocean ; all men's eyes. 
 
 First noting then his beams ; and after him, 
 
 Before the clear morn's light hath chac'd the dim, 
 
 Pandion's Swallow breaks out with her moan,^^ 
 
 Made to the light, the Spring but new put on. 
 
 Preventing which, cut vines, for then 'tis best ; 
 
 But when the horn'd house-bearer leaves his rest, 
 
 abated ; but since servants must work in night as well, and 
 that the nights are much longer, he would have their commons 
 increased, allowing even those bodily labourers, in a kind of 
 proportion, the same that is fit for mental painstakers, students, 
 &c., for the word evcppouaiy taken here for nights, is usurped 
 for the effects of night, evcppov^up signifying jjrudentid valens, 
 and €V(pp6v7j is called night, quod putaretur multum conferre ad 
 inventionem eoritm qicce quoeruntur, intending in studies and 
 labours of the soul, especially the epithet iirippodoL^ signifying 
 auxilium sen inspirationem fermtts maynd cum alacritate et 
 contentione. All that since therefore the words containing, a 
 man may observe how verbal expositors slubber up these divine 
 expressions with their contractions and going the next way. 
 
 g ApKTovpos, Arcturus is a star sub zona Bootee ; oritur 
 vtspere, initio Veris, 
 
 307 h 'OpOpoyoij, ante lucano tempore quiritans. The construc- 
 tion should be, not prorurapit ad Incem^ but lugens ad lucem, 
 since it came not soon enough to prevent the night's tyranny 
 in Tereus; the fiction of which is too common to be repeated. 
 
GEORGICS OF HE8I0D. 189^ 
 
 And climbs the plants, the Seven Stars then in flight, 
 Nowhere dig vines, but scythes whet, and excite 
 Servants to work ; fly shady tavern bow'rs. 
 And beds, as soon as light salutes the flow'rs. 
 
 In harvest, when the sun the body dries, 3i5 
 Then haste and fetch the fields home ; early rise, 
 That plenty may thy household wants suffice ; 
 The morn the third part of thy work dotli gain ; 
 The morn makes short thy way, makes short thy pain ; 
 The morn being once up fills the ways with all, 
 And yokes the ox, herself up, in his stall. 
 
 When once the thistle doth his flower prefer, 
 And on the tree the garrulous grashopper. 
 Beneath her wings, all day and all night long 
 Sits pouring out her derisory song, ^25 
 When Labour drinks, his boiling sweat to thrive, 
 Then goats grow fat, then best wine choose, then strive 
 Women for work most, and men least can do ; 
 For then the Dog-star burns his drought into 
 Their brains and knees, and all the body dries. ^^o 
 But then betake thee to the shade that lies 
 In shield of rocks ; drink ^ Biblian wine, and eat 
 The creamy wafer, goats' milk that the teat 
 Gives newly free and nurses kids no more. 
 Flesh of bough-browsing beeves that never bore, 
 And tender kids ; and, to these, taste black wine, 
 The ^ third part water of the crystalline 
 
 ^^'^ i Bi'jSXti'os, Bihlinum vinum dicitw a Bihlid regione Thracice, 
 uhi nobilissima vina sunt. 
 
 337 k 'jpeis i;5aros, terf/lam. aquce partem inf iinde. The Greeks 
 never drunk merum, but dihitnm vinum, wine allay 'd with 
 water. Athenseus says that to two cups of wine sometimes 
 they put five cups of water, and sometimes to four of wine 
 
190 
 
 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 Still-flowing fount that feeds a stream beneath ; 
 And sit in shades where temp'rate gales may breath 
 On thy oppos'd cheeks, when Orion's rays ^"^'^ 
 His influence in first ascent assays. 
 
 Then to thy labouring servants give command 
 To dight the sacred gift of Ceres' hand, 
 In some place windy, on a well-plan'd floor, 
 Which all by measure into vessels pour. 
 Make then thy man-swain one that hath no house. 
 Thy handmaid one that hath nor child nor spouse, 
 Handmaids that children have are ravenous. 
 A mastiff likewise nourish still at home. 
 Whose ^ teeth are sharp and close as any comb, ^''^ 
 And meat him well, to keep with stronger guard 
 The day-sleep-wake-night man from forth thy yard, 
 That else thy goods into his caves will bear. 
 Inn hay and chaff enough for all the year 
 To serve thy oxen and thy mules, and then 
 Loose them, and ease the dear knees of thy men. 
 
 When Sirius and Orion aspire 
 To heaven's steep height, and bright Arcturus' fire 
 The rosy-finger'd Morning sees arise, 
 0 Perses, then thy vineyard faculties ^^'^ 
 See gather 'd and got home ; Avhich twice five days 
 And nights, no less, expose to Phoebus' rays ; 
 Then five days inn them, and in vessels close 
 The gift the gladness-causing God bestows. 
 
 But after that the Seven-stars and the Five 
 
 but two of water, which they order according to the strength 
 or Aveakiiess of their wine. 
 
 "^■-^ 1 Kapxapooous, denies inter se ptctinatun coeuntes hdbens. 
 
 '•^^"^^'lijuiepoKOLTos avrip, die dor miens vir. A periphrasis of 
 a thief. 
 
GEO RG ICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 191 
 
 That 'twixt the Bull's horns at theb set arrive, 
 
 Together with the great Orion's force, 
 
 Then ply th}^ plow as fits the season's course. 
 
 If of a ^^chance-complaining man at seas 
 The humour take thee, when the Pleiades sro 
 Hide head and fly the fierce Orion's chace. 
 And the dark-deep Oceanus embrace. 
 Then diverse g;ists of violent winds arise; 
 And then attempt no naval enterprise, 
 But ])ly thy land-affairs, and draw ashore 375 
 Thy ship, and fence her round w^ith stonage store, 
 To shield her ribs against the humourous gales ; 
 Her punjp exhausted, lest Jove's rainy falls 
 Breed putrefaction; all tools fit for her, 
 And all her tacklings, to thy house confer; 
 Contracting orderly ail needful things 
 That imp a w^ater-treading vessel's wings; 
 Her well-wrought stern hang in the smoke at home, 
 Attending time till lit sea-seasons come ; 
 And then thy swift sail launch, conveying in 
 Burthen tiiat richly may that trade begin. 
 As did our father who a voyage went 
 For want of an estate so competent 
 As free life ask'd ; and long since landed here 
 When he had measur'd the unmeasur'd sphere 
 Of all the sea, ^'Eolian Cumas leaving, 
 Kot " Hying wealth, (revenues great receiving, 
 
 369 n Ava'jr€y.(peXos, qui de sorte sua queritur. 
 
 -^^■^ o OvK a(pevos (pevycoy, noil redditus sell divitias fugiens. 
 He 7P.es thost- that having richly enough of their own, 
 whicli I'K \' freely and safety possess ashore, will yet, with 
 insatia^o de.'>ite ol' more, A^enture the loss of all ; which his 
 father, he sa3's, was not to be blamed for, in going to sea, 
 
192 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 And bliss itself possess'd in all fit store, 
 
 If wisely us'd yet selling that t' explore 
 
 Strange countries, madly covetous of more,) ^^i^ 
 
 But only shunning loathsome poverty, 
 
 Which yet Jove sends, and men should never fly. 
 
 The seat that he was left to dwell upon 
 
 Was set in Ascra, near to Helicon, 
 
 Am ids a miserable village there, 
 
 In winter vile, in summer noisomer. 
 
 And profitable never. Kote thou, then. 
 
 To do all works the proper season when, 
 
 In sea- works chiefly ; for whose use allow 
 
 A little ship, but in her bulk bestow 
 
 A great big burthen — the more ships sustain 
 
 The surer sail they, and heap gain on gain, 
 
 If seas run smooth and rugged gusts abstain. 
 
 When thy vain mind, then, would sea- ventures try, 
 
 In love the land-rocks of loath'd Debt to fly, 
 
 And P Hunger's ever harsh- to-hear-of cry, 
 
 I'll set before thee all the trim and dress 
 
 Of those still-roaring-noise-resounding seas, 
 
 Though ^neither skill'd in either ship or sail, 
 
 Nor ever was at sea ; or, lest I fail, 
 
 But for Euboea once from Aulis, where 
 
 The Greeks, with tempest driv'n, for shore did stere 
 
 Their mighty navy, gather'd to employ 
 
 who only took that course to avoid poverty, his means by 
 land not enough to live withal freely. 
 
 P'ArepTT^a famern auditu insuavem. 
 
 q OvT€ TL, etsi neqiie navigandi peritun, Melanethon, in 
 this free confession of his unskilfulness in what he intended 
 to teach, gives this note : Removet se reprehensionem ob im- 
 ptritiam ; hie videmicSj crocpi^eLv, primo usurpatnm fmsse, cum 
 laudey pro docere et tradere aliquid eriiditins prce. aliis. 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD. 193 
 
 For sacred Greece 'gainst fair-dame-breeding Troy ; 
 
 To Chalcis there I made by sea my pass, ^'^^ 
 
 And to the Games of great ^Amphidamas, 
 
 Where many a fore-studied exercise 
 
 Was instituted, with exciteful prize, 
 
 For great-and-good and able-minded men ; 
 
 And where I won, at the Pierian pen, ^25 
 
 A three-ear'd tripod, which I offer'd on 
 
 The altars of the Maids of Helicon ; 
 
 Where first their loves initiated me 
 
 In skill of their unworldly harmony. 
 
 But no more practice liave my travails swet 
 
 In many-a nail-composed ships; and yet 
 
 I'll sing what Jove's mind will suggest in mine. 
 
 Whose Daughters taught my verse the rage divine. 
 
 Fifty days after heaven's converted heat, 
 When Summer's land-works are dissolv'd w^ith sweat, 
 Then grows the navigable season fit, ^-^'^ 
 For then no storms rise that tliy sail may split. 
 Nor spoil thy sailors ; if the God that sways 
 Th' earth-shaking trident do not overpaise, 
 With any counsel beforehand decreed, 
 The season's natural grace to thy good speed, 
 Nor Jove consent with l)is revengeful will, 
 In whom are fixt the bounds of good and ill. 
 But in the usual temper of the year, 
 
 ■^-i 'AfxcpidafMas, king of Euboea, was slain in battle against 
 the Erythrseans ; at whose funerals his sons instituted Games. 
 And from hence Melanctbon gathers, by that time in which 
 the king died, Hesiod then living, that Homer lived a hun- 
 dred years before him, and so could not be the man from 
 whom our author is affirmed by some historians to win the 
 prize he now speaks of. 
 
 N 
 
194 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 Easy to judge of, and distinguish clear, 
 
 Are both the winds and seas, none rude, none cross, 
 
 K'or misaffected with the love of loss ; 
 
 And therefore put to sea ; trust even the wind 
 
 Then with thy swift ship ; but when thou shalt find 
 
 Fit freight for her, as fitly stow it straight, 
 
 And all haste home make. For no new wine wait, 
 
 Xor aged Autumn's showers, nor Winter's falls 
 
 Then fast approaching, nor the noisome gales 
 
 The humorous South breathes, that incense the seas, 
 
 And ^ raise together in one series 
 
 Jove's Autumn dashes, that come smoking down, 
 
 And with his roughest brows make th' ocean frown. 
 
 Eut there's another season for the seas. 
 That in tlie first Spring others' choices please ; 
 When, look how much the crow takes at a stride. 
 So much put forth the young leaf is descried 
 On fig-tree tops; but then the gusts so fall. 
 That oft the sea becomes impervial. 
 And yet this vernal season many use 
 For sea affairs ; which yet I would not chuse, 
 Nor give it my mind any grateful taste, 
 Since then steals out so many a ravenous blast ; 
 Nor but with much scath thou canst 'scape thy bane, 
 Which yet men's greedy follies dare maintain. 
 Money is soul to miserable men. 
 And to it many men their souls bequeath. 
 To die in dark-seas is a dreadful death. 
 
 All this I charge thee, need to note no more; 
 Nor in one vessel venture all thy store. 
 
 ^'Qfxa pT-qa as, ccelef<tem imiircm ■<^ec2(tns ; intending a fol- 
 lowing of those things qtict serie qvddam continiid st aeqauntur. 
 
GEORGIGS GF HESIGD, 
 
 195 
 
 But most part leave out, and impose the less, ^''^ 
 
 For 'tis a wretched thing t' endure distress 
 
 Incurr'd at sea ; and 'tis as ill, ashore 
 
 To use adventures, covetous of more 
 
 Than safety warrants, as upon thy wain 
 
 To lay on more load than it can sustain ; 
 
 For then thy axle breaks, thy goods diminish, 
 
 And thrift's mean means in violent av'rice vanish. 
 
 The mean observed makes an exceeding state ; 
 
 Occasion took at all times equals Fate. 
 
 Thyself if well in years, thy wife take home ^^-^ 
 Not much past thirty, nor have much to come ; 
 But being young thyself, nuptials that seize 
 The times' best season in their acts are these : 
 At * fourteen years a woman grows mature. 
 At fifteen wed her, and best means inure 
 To marry her a maid, to teach her then 
 Respect to thee and chasteness t' other men. 
 In chief, choose one whose life is near thee bred, 
 That her condition circularly weigh'd, 
 (And that with care, too,) in thy neighbours' eyes, '^'^^ 
 Thou wedd'st not for a maid their mockeries. 
 No purchase passes a good wife, no loss 
 Is than a bad wife a more cursed cross. 
 That must a gossip be at every feast, 
 And private cates provide, too, for her guest, 
 And bear her husband ne'er so bold a breast, 
 
 4a9tT^^Q^^ Pollux expounds this word, which is usually 
 taken for four, fourteen. Plato and Aristotle appoint the best 
 time of women's marriages at eighteen. 
 
 '^^'■i -^'Eyyvdi vaL€L, qitce prope te habitat. His counsel is, to 
 marry a maid bred near a man, whose breeding and behaviour 
 he hath still taken into note. Counsel of gold, but not respected 
 in this iron age. 
 
196 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 ^ Without a fire burns in him even to rage, 
 And in his youth pours grief on him in age. 
 
 The Gods' ^ forewarnings, and pursuits of men 
 Of impious lives with unavoided pain, 
 Their sight, their rule of all, their love, their fear. 
 
 Watching and sitting up give all thy care. 
 
 Give never to thy friend an even resp'^ct 
 With thy born brother, for in his neglect 
 Thyself thou toucliest first with that defect. 
 
 If thou shalt take thy friend with an offence 
 
 Ey word, or deed, twice only, try what sense 
 
 He hath of thy abuse by making plain 
 
 The wrong he did thee ; and if then again 
 
 He will turn friend, confess and pay all pain ^^-^ 
 
 Due for his forfeit, take him into grace ; 
 
 The shameless man shifts friends still with his place. 
 
 But keep thou friends, forgive, and so convert 
 
 That not thy look may reprehend thy heart. 
 
 502 X ^j^p da\ov, torret sine face ef cruder senectce tradif r 
 Cjfxip yrjpa'C, senecta ante tempus adveniens, which place Boetius- 
 imitates in his book De Conwlatione in this distich : 
 Intempestivi funduntur vertice cani, 
 Et dolor cetatem jussit inesse snam. 
 [Chapman has misquoted these Hnes. They are not a dis- 
 tich. The whole passage is as follows : 
 
 Venit eiiim proper ata malis inopina senectus, 
 
 Et dolor cetatem jussit inesse snam. 
 Intempestivi fundnntur vertice cani, 
 
 Et tremit effoato corpore laxa cutis. — Ed.] 
 504 y''07ris, in God, signifies insio^ht and government in all 
 things, and his just indignation against the impious ; in man, 
 respect to the fear of God, and his reverence. Melancthon. 
 5U7 z Jl€(f)v\ay}X€vos, vigiliis et excnhiis positis. 
 508 a This precept of preferring a man's own brother 
 
 to his friend is full of humanity, and savours of the true taste 
 of a trueborn man ; the neglect of which in these days shows 
 children either utterly misbegotten, or got by unnatural fathers, 
 of whom children must taste, in disposition, as a poison of de- 
 generacy poured into them both, and a just plague for botli. 
 
GEORGIGS OF HESIOD, 
 
 197 
 
 Be not a common host for guests, nor one -^-^ 
 That can abide the kind receipt of none. 
 Consort none ill though rais'd to any state, 
 Kor leave one good though ne'er so ruinate. 
 Abhor all taking pleasure to upbraid 
 A forlorn poverty, which God hath laid ^25 
 On any man in so severe a kind 
 As quite disheartens and dissolves his mind. 
 Amongst men on the earth there never sprung 
 An ampler treasure than a sparing tongue ; 
 Which yet most grace gains when it sings the mean. -'^^ 
 Ill-speakers ever hear as ill again. 
 Make not thyself at any public feast 
 A troublesome or over-curious guest ; 
 'Tis common cheer, nor touches thee at all ; 
 Besides, thy grace is much, thy cost is small. 
 Do not thy tongue's gi'ace the disgrace to lie, 
 Nor mend a true-spoke mind with policy, 
 But all things use with first simplicity. 
 
 To Jove nor no God pour out morning wine 
 With unwash'd hand ; for, know, the Powers Divine 
 Avert their ears, and prayers impure reject. 
 
 Put not thy urine out, with face erect, 
 Against ^ the Sun, but, sitting, let it fall, 
 Or turn thee to some undiscovering wall ; 
 
 543 b Mt^S' dj/r' rjeXlov, neque contra solern versus erectus meito. 
 He would have no contempt against the Sun ; either directly, 
 or allegorically, intending by the Sun great and reverend men, 
 against whom nihil prof ewe et irreverHiiter agendum. If in the 
 plain sense, which he makes serious, he would not have a man 
 make water turning purposely against the Sun, nor standing, 
 but sitting, as at this day even amongst the rude Turks it is 
 abhorred, quihus religiosum est ut sedentes mingant, et ingens fla- 
 gitium designari credunt siquis in publico cacaret aut mingeret. 
 
198 SECOND BOOK OF THE 
 
 And, after the great Sun is in descent, 
 Remember, till he greet the Orient, 
 That, in way or without, thou still forbear, 
 Nor ope thy nakedness while thou art there, 
 The nights the Gods' are, and the godly man 
 And wife will shun by all means to profane 
 The Gods' appropriates. ^ Make no access, 
 Thy wife new left, to sacred mysteries, 
 Or coming from an ominous funeral feast ; 
 But, from a banquet that the Gods have blest 
 In men whose spirits are frolicly inclin'd, 
 Perform those rites that propagate thy kind. 
 
 Never the fair waves of eternal floods 
 Pass with thy feet, but first invoke the Gods, 
 Thine eyes cast on their streams ; which those that wade. 
 Their hands unwash'd, those Deities invade 
 With future plagues and even then angry are. 
 
 Of thy ^ five branches see thou never pare 
 The dry from off the green at solemn feasts ; 
 Nor on the quaffing mazers of thy guests 
 Bestow the bowl vow'd to the Powers Divine, 
 For harmful fate is swallow'd with the wine. 
 
 When thou hast once begun to build a house, 
 Leav't not unfinish'd, lest the ominous 
 
 551 c M775' aidoLa. Melancthon expounds this place, a con- 
 gressu uxoris ne satra accedas, whom I have followed ; dvacfyrjimos 
 signifies here ivfaustus, and rdcpos, funebre epulum. 
 
 562 d M?75' airb irevro^oLO. He says a man must not pare his 
 nails at the table ; in which our reverend author is so respectful 
 and moral in his setting down, that he nameth not nails, but 
 calls what is to be pared away, adov, aiccum or aridum, and the 
 nail itself, x^^P^^i viridnm, because it is still growling ; he calls 
 likewise the hande irevTo^os, quce in quinos ramos dispergituVy 
 because it puts out five fingers like branches. 
 {Mazers— cw^s. See Richardson.] 
 
GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 199 
 
 Ill-spoken crow encounter thee abroad. 
 
 And from her bough thy means outgone explode. 
 
 From three-foot pots of meat set on the fire 
 To serve thy house ; serve not thy taste's desire 
 With ravine of the meat till on the board 
 Thou seest it set, and sacrifice afford, 
 Xot if thou wash first, and the Gods wouldst please ^'^^ 
 With that respect to them ; for even for these 
 Pains are impbs'd, being all im[)ieties. 
 
 On tombstones, or fix'd seats, no boy permit, 
 That's grown to twelve years old, to idly sit ; 
 For 'tis not good, but makes a slothful man. 
 
 In baths, whose vraters women first began 
 To wasli their bodies in, should bathe no man ; 
 For in their time even these parts have their pain 
 Grievous enough. If any iiomely place. 
 Sylvan or other, thou seest vow'd to grace 
 Of any God, by fire made for the weal 
 Of any poor soul mov'd v/ith simplest zeal, 
 Mock not the mysteries, for God disdains 
 Those impious parts, and pays them certain pains. 
 
 Never in channels of those streams that pay ^'"^^ 
 The ocean tribute give thy urine way ; 
 Nor into ^fountains ; but, past all neglect. 
 See thou avoid it ; for the grave respect 
 Given to these secrets meets with blest effect. 
 
 Do this, and fly the people's ^ bitter fame, 
 
 592 e j{i recte in fontes immingere dicuntiir, qui sacram 
 doctrinam commaculant. 
 
 595 f ^^iv^i,^ gravem or terrihilem famam he adviseth a man 
 to avoid : intending with deserving a good and honest fame 
 amongst men, which known to himself impartially and betwixt 
 God and him, every worthy man should despise the contrary 
 
200 THE GEORGICS OF HESIOD. 
 
 For fame is ill, 'tis light and rais'd like flame • 
 The burthen heavy yet, and hard to cast. 
 'No fame doth wholly perish, when her blest 
 Echo resounds in all the people's cries, 
 For she herself is of the Deities. 
 
 conceit of the world; according to that of Quintihan, writing 
 to Seneca, affirming he cared no more what the misjudging 
 world vented against him, quam de ventre redditi crepitus. 
 
 THE END OF THE SECOND BOOK OF WORKS. 
 
HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 
 
 E Days that for thy works are good or ill, 
 According to the influence they instil, 
 Of Jove with all care learn, and give 
 them then, 
 
 For their discharge, in precept to thy men. 
 
 The Thirtieth day of every month is best, ^ 
 With diligent inspection to digest 
 
 The next month's works, and part thy household foods ; 
 
 That being the day when all litigious goods 
 
 Are justly sentenc'd by the people's voices. 
 
 And till that day next month give these days' choices, 
 
 For they are mark'd out by most-knowing Jove. 
 
 ^ 'E7r67rroyu.at, diligenti inspectione digero, seu secerno et eligo. 
 He begins with the last day of the month, which he names 
 not a day of any good or bad influence, but being, as it were, 
 their term day, in which their business in law was attended ; 
 and that not lasting all the day, he adviseth to spend the rest 
 of it in disposing the next month's labours. Of the rest he 
 makes difference, showing which are unfortunate, and which 
 auspicious, and are so far to be observed as natural cause is to 
 be given for them ; for it were madness not to ascribe reason 
 to Nature, or to make that reason so far above us, that we 
 cannot know by it what is daily in use with us, all being for 
 our cause created of God ; and therefore the differences of 
 days arise in some part from the aspects, quibus luna intuetur 
 solem, nam quadrati aspectus cient pugam naturce cum morho. 
 
202 HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 
 
 First, the First day in which the moon doth move 
 With radiance renewed ; and then the Fourth ; 
 The Seventh day next, being first in sacred worth. 
 For that day did Latona bring to light 
 The gold-sword-wearing Sun ; next then the Eighth 
 And Ninth are good, being both days that retain 
 The moon's prime strength t' instruct the works of men. 
 The 'Leventh and Twelfth are likewise both good days ; 
 The Twelfth yet far exceeds the 'Leventh's repair, "^^ 
 For that day hangs the spinner in the air, 
 And weaves up her web ; so the spinster all 
 Her rock then ends, exposing it to sale. 
 So Earth's third housewife, the ingenious ant, 
 On that day ends her mole-hills' cure of want. ^5 
 The day herself in their example then 
 Tasking her fire, and bounds her length to men. 
 
 The Thirteenth day take care thou sow no seed. 
 To plant yet 'tis a day of special speed. 
 The Sixteenth day plants set prove fruitless still, 
 To get a son 'tis good, a daughter ill. 
 Nor good to get, nor give in nuptials. 
 
 HpQyrov ^urj, primum novilunium, which is called sacred, 
 nam omnia initia sacra ; the fourth likewise he calls sacred, 
 quia eo die prodit a coitn Lima, primumque tum conspicitur. 
 
 ^Oyhodrrj. The second and fifth day let pass, and sixth, 
 ut mediis, he comes to the eighth and ninth, which in their 
 increasing he terms truly profitable, nam humores alit cres- 
 centia lunoe. 
 
 'Ei^deKOLTT]. The tenth let pass, the eleventh and twelfth 
 he praises diversely, because the moon beholds the sun then 
 in a triangular aspect, which is ever called benevolent. 
 
 22 Oi/V dp yd/jLov, neque nuptiis tradendis. The sixteenth 
 day, he says, is neither good to get a daughter, nor to wed 
 her, quia a plenilunio cmpit jam humor deficere ; he says it is 
 good to get a son in, 7iam ex humido semine fcemtUcey ex sic- 
 ciore puelli nascuntur. 
 
HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 
 
 203 
 
 Nor in the Sixth day any influence falls 
 
 To fashion her begetting confluence, 
 
 But to geld kids and lambs, and sheep-cotes fence, '^^ 
 
 It is a day of much benevolence ; 
 
 To get a son it good efl'ects afl'ords. 
 
 And loves to cut one's heart with bitter words ; 
 
 And yet it likes fair speeches, too, and lies. 
 
 And whispering out detractive obloquies. 
 
 The Eighth the bellowing bullock lib and goat ; 
 The Twelfth the labouring mule. But if of note 
 For wisdom, and to make a judge of laws, 
 To estimate and arbitrate a cause. 
 Thou wouldst a son get, the great Tw^entieth day 
 Consort thy wife, when full the morn's broad ray 
 Shines through thy windows ; for that day is fit 
 To form a great and honourable wit. 
 The Tenth is likewise good to get a son ; 
 Fourteenth a daughter; then lay hand upon 
 The colt, the mule, and horn-retorted steer, 
 And sore-bit mastiff, and their forces rear 
 To useful services. Be careful, then. 
 The Four-and-twentieth day (the bane of men, 
 
 '^^ K^pro/jios, cor alicui scindens. 
 [Lib — castrate.] 
 
 ^•^"Icrropa (pQra, prudentum virum judicem, sen arbitrum, 
 quod eos cognaros esse oporteat rei de qua agitur. He calls it 
 the great twentieth, because it is the last fjuf^vbs jmea-ovj^rosy 
 which is of the middle decad of the month ; diebus rod (pdivovros, 
 or days of the dyino^ moon immediately following. 
 
 50 q^erpas. The fourteenth is good to get a daughter, be- 
 cause the moon then abounds in humours, and her light is 
 more gelid and cold, her heat more temperate ; and there- 
 fore he says it is good likewise to tame beasts in, since then, 
 by the abundance of humours, they are made more gentle, 
 and consequently easier tamed. 
 
 l^erpad. He calls this da}^ so baneful, because of the 
 
204 HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 
 
 Hurling amongst them) to make safe thy state, 
 
 Tor 'tis a day of death insatiate. 
 
 The Fourth day celebrate thy nuptial-feast, 
 
 All birds observed that fit a bridal l;)est. 
 
 All Fifth days to effect affairs in fly, 
 
 Being all of harsh and horrid quality ; 
 
 For then all vengeful spirits walk their round, 
 
 And haunt men like their handmaids, to confound 
 
 Their faithless peace, whose plague Contention got. 
 
 The Seventeenth day what Ceres did allot 
 
 Thy barns in harvest (since then view'd with care) 
 
 Upon a smooth floor let the vinnoware 
 
 Dight and expose to the opposed gale ; 
 
 Then let thy forest-feller cut thee all 
 
 Thy chamber fuel, and the numerous parts 
 
 Of naval timber apt for shipwrights' arts. 
 
 The Four-and-twentieth day begin to close 
 
 Thy ships of leak. The iSMnth day never blows 
 
 Least ill at all on men. The Nineteenth day 
 
 Yields (after noon yet) a more gentle ray, 
 
 Auspicious both to plant, and generate 
 
 opposition of sun and the moon, and the time then being, 
 that is, between the old and new moon, are hurtful for 
 bodies ; such as labour with choleric diseases, most languish 
 then ; those with phlegmatic, contrary. 
 
 llifMirras. He warns men to fly all fifth days, that is 
 the fifth, the fifteenth, and the five -and -twentieth, because all 
 vengeful spirits he affirms then to be most busy with men. 
 
 The seventeenth day he thinketh best to winnow, or 
 dight corn, a phnihinio, because about that time winds are 
 stirred up and the air is drier. 
 
 [Vinnoware — winnower.] 
 
 UpuTiarrj eivas, prima nova. That is from the beginning 
 of the month, he calls harmless, propter geminum aspectum^ 
 cum sol ahest a signis. 
 
HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS, 
 
 Both sons and daughters ; ill to no estate. 
 
 But the Thrice-Nine day's goodness few men know, 
 
 Being best day of the whole month to make flow 
 
 Both wine and corn- tuns, and to curb the force 
 
 Of mules and oxen and the swift-hoov'd horse ; 
 
 And then the well-built ship launch. But few men 
 
 Know truth in an3'thing, or where or when 
 
 To do, or order, what they must do, needs, 
 
 Days differencing with no more care than deeds. 
 
 The Twice-Seventh day for sacred worth exceeds. 
 
 But few men when the Twentieth day is past, 
 
 Which is the best day (while the morn doth last 
 
 In her increasing power, though after noon 
 
 Her grace grows faint) approve or end that moon 
 
 With any care ; man's life most priz'd is least, 
 
 Thougli lengthless spent as endless, fowl and beast 
 
 Far passing it for date. For all the store 
 
 Of years man boasts, the prating crow hath more 
 
 By thrice three lives ; the long-liv'd stag four parts 
 
 Exceeds the crow's time ; the raven's age the hart's 
 
 Triples in durance ; all the raven's long date 
 
 The phoenix ninefold doth reduplicate ; 
 
 Yet Xymphs (the blest Seed of the Thunderer) 
 
 Ten lives outlasts the phoenix. But prefer 
 
 Proverb, mdlns dies omnino malus, 
 8^ Ilaupot. He sa^'s few observe these differences of days, 
 and as few know or mal^e any difference betwixt one day 
 and another. 
 
 8^ He says few approve those days, because these cause 
 most change of tempests and men's bodies in the beginning 
 of the last quarter. 
 
 All this, and the lives of fowls, is cited out of this author 
 by Plutarch, not being extant in the common co^y. 
 
m HESIOD'S BOOK OF DAYS. 
 
 <TOod life to long life ; and observe these days 
 
 That must direct it, being to all men's ways 
 
 Of excellent conduct; all the rest but sounds 
 
 That follow falls, mere vain and have no grounds ; 
 
 But one doth one day praise, another other, 
 
 Few knowing the truth. This day becomes a mother. 
 
 The next a stepdame. But, be man still one, 
 
 That man a happy angel waits upon, 
 
 Makes rich and blessed, that through all these days 
 
 Is knowingly employ'd ; in all his ways 
 
 (Betwixt him and the Gods) goes still unblam'd ; 
 
 All their forewarnings and suggestions fram'd 
 
 To their obedience, being directly viewed ; 
 
 All good endeavour'd and all ill eschew'd. 
 
 At de /xev rj/nepaL, et hoe quidem dies hominibus sunt mayno 
 commodo. The epilogue of the teacher ; in all days is to be 
 considered what religion commands, and then what riseth 
 out of natural causes. 
 
 THE END OF HESIOD's WORKS AND DAYS. 
 
M IT S U S. 
 
THE 
 
 DIVINE 
 
 POEM OF 
 MUS^US. 
 
 Firji of all Bookes. 
 
 TRANSLATED 
 
 According to the Ori- 
 ginall 
 
 By Geo : Chapman. 
 
 LONDON 
 ^ Printed by If aac 
 laggard. 1 6 1 6. 
 
TO THE MOST GENERALLY INGENIOUS, AND 
 OUR ONLY LEARNED ARCHITECT, MY 
 EXCEEDING GOOD FRIEND, 
 
 INIGO JONES ESQUIRE, 
 
 SUKYEYOR OF HIS MAJESTY's WORKS. 
 
 KCIENT Poesy, and ancient Arcliitec- 
 I tare, requiring to their excellence a like 
 1 creating and proportionable rapture, and 
 I being alike overtopt by the monstrous 
 Babels of our modern barbarism, their unjust ob- 
 scurity letting no glance of their truth and dignity 
 appear but to passing few, to passing few is their 
 least appearance to be presented, l^ourself then being 
 a chief of that few by whom both are apprehended, 
 and their beams worthily measured and valued, this 
 little light of the gone I could not but object, and pub- 
 lish to your choice apprehension ; especially for your 
 most ingenuous love to all works in which the ancient 
 Greek Souls have appeared to you. No less esteeming 
 this worth the presenting to any Greatest, for the small- 
 ness of the work, than the Author himself hath been 
 held therefore of the less estimation; having obtained 
 as much preservation and honor as the greatest of others; 
 
212 
 
 the smallness being supplied with so greatly-excellent 
 invention and elocution. Nor lacks even the most 
 youngly-enamoured affection it contains a temper grave 
 enough to become both the sight and acceptance of the 
 Gravest. And therefore, howsoever the mistaking world 
 takes it (whose left hand ever received what I gave with 
 my right) if you freely and nobly entertain it, I obtain 
 my end; your judicious love's continuance being my 
 only object. To which I at all parts commend 
 
 Your ancient poor friend, 
 
 George Chapman. 
 
TO THE COMMUNE EEADER. 
 
 ^HEN you see Leandei- and Hero^ the 
 pi subjects of this Pamphlet, I persuade 
 P myself your prejudice will increase to the 
 ^ contempt of it; either headlong pre- 
 
 supposing it all one, or at no part matchable, with that 
 partly excellent Poem of Maister Marloe's. For your 
 all one, the Works are in nothing alike; a different 
 character being held through both the style, matter, 
 and invention. For the match of it, let but your eyes 
 be matches, and it will in many parts overmatch it. 
 In the Original, it being by all most learned the in- 
 comparable Love-Poem of the world. And I would 
 be something sorry you could justly tax me with doing 
 it any wrong in our English ; though perhaps it will 
 not so amble under your seisures and censures, as the 
 before published. 
 
 Let the great comprehenders and unable utterers 
 ^f the Greek elocution in other language drop under 
 their unloadings, how humbly soever they please, and 
 the rather disclaim their own strength, that my weak- 
 ness may seem the more presumptuous ; it can impose 
 no scruple the more burthen on my shoulders, that I 
 will feel; unless Reason chance to join arbiter with 
 
214 
 
 Will, and appear to me ; to whom I am ever prostrately 
 subject. And if envious Misconstruction could once 
 leave tyrannizing over my infortunate Innocence, both 
 the Charity it argued would render them that use it 
 the more Christian, and me industrious, to hale out of 
 them the discharge of their own duties. 
 
OF MUS^US. 
 
 OUT OF THE WORTHY D. GAGER's COLLECTIONS. 
 
 US^US was a renowned Greek Poet, born 
 at Athens, the son of Eumolpus. He 
 lived in the time of Orpheus, and is said 
 i to be one of them that went the Famous 
 Voyage to Colchos for the Golden Fleece. He wrote 
 of the Gods' Genealogy before any other ; and invented 
 the Sphere. Whose opinion was, that all things were 
 made of one Matter, and resolved into one again. Of 
 whose w^orks only this one Poem of Hero and Le- 
 ander is extant. Of himself, in his Sixth Book of ^ne. 
 Yirgil makes memorable mention, where in Elysium he 
 makes Sibylla speak this of him — 
 
 Musaeum ante omnes ; medium nam plurima turba 
 Hunc habet, atque humeris extantem suspicit altis. 
 
 He w^as born in Falerum, a town in the middle of 
 Tuscia, or the famous country of Tuscany in Italy, 
 called also Hetruria. 
 
216 
 
 OF ABYDUS AND SESTUS. 
 
 BYDUS and Sestus were two ancient Towns ; 
 one in Europe ; another in Asia ; East and 
 West, opposite ; on both the shores of the 
 Hellespont. Their names are extant in Maps to this 
 day. But in their places are two Castles built, which 
 the Turks call Bogazossas, that is. Castles situate by the 
 sea-side. Seamen now call the place where Sestus stood 
 Malido. It was likewise called Fossidonium, But 
 Abydus is called Amco. They are both renowned in 
 all writers for nothing so much as the Love of Leander 
 and Hero. 
 
 OF THE HELLESPONT. 
 
 Hellespont, the straits of the two seas, 
 Propontis and Egeuni, running betwixt Aby- 
 dus and Sestus. Over which Xerxes built 
 a bridge, and joined these two towns together, convey- 
 ing over his army of seven hundred thousand men. It 
 is now called by some The Straits of GalUpolis ; but 
 by Frenchmen, Flemings, and others. The Arm of 
 Saint George, It had his name Hellespont, because 
 Helle the daughter of Athamas K, of Thebes was drowned 
 in it. And therefore of one it is called The Virr/in- 
 hilling Sea; of another The Virgin-Sea, It is but 
 seven Italian furlongs broad, which is one of our miles 
 lacking a furlong. 
 
MUSJSUS, 
 
 OF HERO AND LEANDER. 
 
 ODDESS, relate the witness-bearing light 
 Of Loves, tliat would not bear a human 
 sight; 
 
 The Sea-man that transported marriages, 
 Shipt in the night, his bosom plowing th' seas ; 
 Tlie love joys that in gloomy clouds did fly ^ 
 The clear beams of th' immortal Morning's eye ; 
 Abydus and fair Sestus, where I hear 
 The night-hid Nuptials of young Hero were ; 
 Leander's swimming to her ; and a Light, 
 A Light that was administress of sight 
 To cloudy Venus, and did serve t' address 
 Night- wedding Hero's nuptial offices ; 
 A Light that took the very form of Love ; 
 Which had been justice in ethereal Jove, 
 When the nocturnal duty had been done, 
 T' advance amongst the consort of the Sun, 
 And call the ^ Star that Nuptial Loves did guide. 
 And to the Bridegroom gave and grac'd the Bride, 
 Because it was ^ companion to the death 
 Of Loves, 'hvhose kind cares cost their dearest breath; 
 And tliat fame-freighted ship from shipwrack kept 
 
218 
 
 MUS^US, OF 
 
 That such sweep nuptials brought they never slept, 
 Till air ^ was with a bitter flood inflate, 
 That bore their firm loves as infixt a hate. 
 But, Goddess, forth, and both one issue sing, 
 The Light extinct, Leander perishing. 
 
 Two towns there were, that with one sea were wall'd. 
 Built near, and opposite ; this Sestus call'd, 
 Abydus that ; the Love his bow bent high. 
 And at both Cities let one arrow fly, 
 That two (a Virgin and a Youtli) inflam'd : 
 The youth was sweetly-grac'd Leander nam'd, 
 The virgin Hero ; Sestus she renowns, 
 Abydus he, in birth ; of both Avhich towns 
 Both were the beauty -circled stars ; and both 
 Graced with like looks, as with one love and trotli. 
 
 If that way lie thy course, seek for niy sake 
 A Tower, that Sestian Hero once diil make 
 Her watch-tower, and a torch stood holding there, 
 By which Leander his sea-course did steer. 
 Seek, likewise, of Abydus ancient toAv^rs, 
 The roaring sea lamenting: to these hours 
 Leander's Love and Death. But say, how came 
 He (at Abydus born) to feel the flame 
 Of Hero's love at Sestus, and to bind 
 In chains of equal fire bright Hero's mind ? 
 
 The graceful Hero, born of gentle blood. 
 Was Venus' Priest ; and since she understood 
 ]^o nuptial language, from her parents she 
 Dwelt in a tow'r that over-look'd tlie sea. 
 For shamefastness and chastity, she reign'd 
 Another Goddess ; nor was ever train'd 
 
 ^ The Love — Cupid. Perhaps we should read then Love. 
 
HERO AND LEANDER. 
 
 In women^s companies ; nor learn'd to tread 
 A graceful dance, to which such years are bred. 
 The envious spites of women she did fly, 
 (Women for beauty their own sex envy) 
 All her devotion was to Venus done, 
 And to his heavenly Mother her great Son 
 Would reconcile with sacrifices ever. 
 And ever trembled at his flaming quiver. 
 Yet scap'd not so his fiery shafts her breast ; 
 For now the popular Yenerean Feast, 
 Which to Adonis, and great Cypria's State, 
 The Sestians yearly us'd to celebrate. 
 Was come ; and to that holy day came all 
 That in the bordering isles the sea did wall. 
 To it in flocks they flew ; from Cyprus these, 
 Environed with the rough Carpathian seas ; 
 These from Haemonia ; nor remain'd a man 
 Of all the towns in tli' isles Cytherean ; 
 Not one was left, that us'd to dance upon 
 The tops of odoriferous Libanon ; 
 I^ot one of Phrygia, not one of all 
 The neighbours seated near the Festival ; 
 Kor one of opposite Abydus' shore ; 
 None of all these, that virgin's favours wore, 
 Were absent ; all such fill the flowing way, 
 When Fame proclaims a solemn holy day, 
 Not bent so much to offer holy flames, 
 As to the beauties of assembled dames. 
 
 The virgin Hero enter'd th' holy place. 
 And graceful beams cast round about her face, 
 Like to the bright orb of the rising Moon. 
 The top-spheres of her snowy cheeks put on 
 
220 
 
 MUS.^US, OF 
 
 A glowing redness, like the two-hued rose 
 
 Her odorous bud beginning to disclose. 
 
 You would have said, in all her lineaments 
 
 A meadow full of roses she presents. 
 
 All over her she^ blush'd; which (putting on 
 
 Her white robe, reaching to her ankles) shone 
 
 (While she in passing did her feet dispose) 
 
 As she had wholly been a moving rose. 
 
 "Graces in numbers from her parts did flow. 
 
 The Ancients therefore (since they did not know 
 
 Hero's unbounded beauties) falsely feign'd 
 
 ''Only three Graces ; for, when Hero strained 
 
 Into a smile her priestly modesty, 
 
 A hundred Graces grew from either eye. 
 
 A fit one, sure, the Cyprian Goddess found 
 
 To be her minis tress ; and so highly crowned 
 
 With worth her grace was, past all other dames. 
 
 That, of a priest made to the Queen of Flames, 
 
 A new Queen of them she in all eyes shin'd ; 
 
 And did so undermine each tender mind 
 
 <0f all the young men ; and there was not one 
 
 But wish'd fair Hero was his wife, or none. 
 
 Nor could she stir about the well-built Fane, 
 
 This way or that, but every way she wan 
 
 A following mind in all men ; which their eyes, 
 
 Lighted with all their inmost faculties. 
 
 Clearly confirmed ; and one (admiring) said, 
 
 All Sparta I have travell'd, and survey 'd 
 The City Lacedsemon, where we hear 
 All Beauties' labors and contentions were, 
 A woman, yet, so wise and delicate 
 I never saw. It may be Venus gat 
 
HERO AND LEAN DEE, 
 
 221 
 
 One of the younger Graces to supply 
 The place of priest-hood to her Deity. 
 Ev'n tir'd I am with sight, yet doth not find 
 A satisfaction by my sight my mind. 
 
 0 could I once ascend sweet Hero's bed, 
 Let me be straight found in her bosom dead ! 
 
 1 would not wish to be in heaven a God, 
 Were Hero here my wife. But, if forbod 
 To lay profane hands on thy holy priest, 
 O Yenus, with another such assist 
 
 My nuptial longings." Thus pray'd all that spake ; 
 
 The rest their wounds hid, and in frenzies brake ; 
 
 Her beauty's fire, being so suppressed, so rag'd. 
 
 But thou, Leander, more than all engag'd, 
 
 Wouldst not, when thou hadst view'd th' amazing Maid,, 
 
 Waste with close stings, and seek no open aid, 
 
 But, with the flaming arrows of her eyes 
 
 Wounded unwares, thou wouldst in sacrifice 
 
 Vent th' inflammation thy burnt blood did prove, 
 
 Or live with sacred med'cine of her love. 
 
 But now the love-brand in his eye-beams burn'd. 
 And with unconquered fire his heart was turn'd 
 Into a coal ; together wrought the flame. 
 The virtuous beauty of a spotless dame 
 Sharper to men is than the swiftest shaft ; 
 His eye the way by which his heart is caught. 
 And, from the stroke his eye sustains, the wound 
 Opens within, and doth his entrails sound. 
 Amaze then took him. Impudence and Shame 
 Made earthquakes in him with their frost and flame. 
 His heart betwixt them toss'd, till Keverence 
 Took all these prisoners in him ; and from thence 
 
222 
 
 MUS^US, OF 
 
 Her matchless beauty, with astonishment, 
 Increas'cl his bands ; till aguish Love, that lent 
 Shame and Observance, licens'd their remove ; 
 And, wisely liking impudence in love. 
 Silent he went, and stood against the Maid, 
 And in side glances faintly he conveyed 
 His crafty eyes about her ; with dumb shows 
 Tempting her mind to error. And now grows 
 She to conceive his subtle flame, and joy'd 
 Since he was graceful. Then herself employ'd 
 Her womanish cunning, turning from him quite 
 Her lovely count'nance ; giving yet some light. 
 Even by her dark signs, of her kindling fire, 
 With up and down-looks Avlietting his desire. 
 He joy'd at heart to see Love's sense in her. 
 And no contempt of what he did prefer. 
 And while he wished imseen to urge the rest. 
 The day shrunk down her beams to lowest West, 
 And East ; the Even-Star took vantage of her shad 
 Then boldly he his kind approaches made, 
 And as he saw the russet clouds increase, 
 He strain'd her rosy hand, and held his peace, 
 Eut sigh'd as silence had his bosom broke. 
 When she, as silent, put on anger's cloke, 
 And drew lier hand back. He, discerning well 
 Her ^ would and would not, to her boldlier fell; 
 And her elaborate robe, with much cost wrought, 
 About her waist embracing, on he brought 
 His love to th' in-parts of the reverend Fane ; 
 She (as her love-sparks more and more did wane) 
 Went slowly on, and, with a woman's words 
 Threat'ning Leander, thus his boldness bords : 
 
HERO AND L BANDER, 
 
 223 
 
 Wliy Stranger, are you ^ mad ? Ill-fated man, 
 Why liale you thus a vkgm Sestian? 
 Keep on your way. Let go, fear to offend 
 The noblesse of my hirth-right's either friend. 
 It ill becomes you to solicit thus 
 The priest of Yenus. Hopeless, dangerous, 
 Tlie ^ barr'd up way is to a virgin's bed." 
 Thus, for tlie maiden form, she menaced. 
 But he well-knew, that when these female ™ mines 
 Break out in fury, they are certain signs 
 Of tlieir persuasions. Women's threats once shown, 
 Shows in it only all you wish your own. 
 And therefore of tlie rubi-colour'd maid 
 The odorous neck he Avitli a kiss assay'd, 
 And, stricken Vvuth the sting of love, he pray'd : 
 *'l)ear Venus, next to A'enus you must go ; 
 And next Minerva, trace Minerva too ; 
 Your like with earthy dames no light can show ; 
 To Jove's Great Daughters I must liken you. 
 Blest was thy great begetter ; blest was she 
 Whose womb did bear thee ; but most blessedly 
 Tlie womb itself fare that thy throes did prove. 
 O ! hear my prayer ! Pity the need of Love. 
 As priest of Yenus, practice Yenus' rites. 
 Come, and instruct me in her bed's-delights. 
 It hts not you, a virgin, to vow aids 
 To A^enus' service ; Yenus loves no maids. 
 If Yenns' institutions you prefer, 
 And faithful ceremonies vow to her, 
 Kuptials and beds they be. If her love binds, 
 Love Love's sweet laws, that soften human minds. 
 
 My hirth-right's either friend — i. e. both my parents. 
 
224 
 
 MUSJEUS, OF 
 
 Make me your servant ; husband, if you pleas'd ; 
 
 Whom Cupid with his burning shafts has seized, 
 
 And hunted to you, as swift Hermes drave 
 
 With his gold-rod Jove's bold son to be slave 
 
 To Lydia's sov'reign Virgin ; but for me, 
 
 Venus insulting forc'd my feet to thee, 
 
 I was not guided by wise Mercury. 
 
 Virgin, you know, wlien Atalanta fled, 
 
 Out of Arcadia, kind Melanion's bed, 
 
 Affecting virgin-life, your angry Queen, 
 
 Wliom first she us'd wdth a malignant spleen, 
 
 At last possest him of her complete heart. 
 
 And you, dear love, because I would avert 
 
 Your Goddess' anger, I would fain persuade." 
 
 With these ^ love-luring words conformed he made 
 
 The maid recusant to his blood's desire. 
 
 And set her soft mind on an erring fire. 
 
 Dumb she was strook ; and down to earth she threw 
 
 Her rosy eyes, hid in vermilion hue. 
 
 Made red with shame. Oft with her foot she rac'd 
 
 Earth's upper part ; and oft (as quite ungrac'd) 
 
 About her shoulders gather'd uj) lier weed. 
 
 All these fore-tokens are that men should speed. 
 
 Of a persuaded virgin, to her bed 
 
 Promise is most given when the least is said. 
 
 And now she took in Love's sweet-bitter sting, 
 
 Burn'd in a fire tliat cool'd her surfeiting. 
 
 Her beauties likewise strook her friend amaz'd ; 
 
 For, while her eyes fixt on the pavement gaz'd. 
 
 Love on Leander's looks shew'd fury seiz'd. 
 
 Never enough his greedy eyes were pleas'd 
 
 To view ^ the fair gloss of her tender neck. 
 
HERO AND LEANDER, 
 
 225 
 
 At last this voice past, and out did break 
 
 A ruddy moisture from her bashful eyes : 245 
 
 " Stranger, perhaps thy words might exercise 
 
 Motion in flints, as well as my soft breast. 
 
 Who taught thee words,^^ that err from East to West 
 
 In their wild liberty 0 woe is me ! 
 
 To this my native soil who guided thee ? 
 
 All thou hast said is vain ; for how canst thou 
 
 (Not to be trusted ; one I do not know) 
 
 Hope to excite in me a mixed love 
 
 'Tis clear, that Law by no means will approve 
 
 Nuptials with us ; for thou canst never gain 255 
 
 My parents' graces. If thou wouldsfc remain 
 
 Close on my shore, as outcast from thine own, 
 
 Venus will be in darkest corners known. 
 
 Man's tongue is loose to scandal ; loose acts done 
 
 In surest secret, in the open sun ^'^'^ 
 
 And every market place will burn thine ears. 
 
 But say, What name sustainst thou ? What soil bears 
 
 Name of thy country Mine I cannot hide. 
 
 My far-spread name is Hero ; I abide 
 
 Hous'd in an all-seen tow'r, whose tops^i touch heaven, 
 
 Built on a steep shore, that to sea is driven 
 
 Before the City Sestus ; one sole maid 
 
 Attending. And this irksome life is laid 
 
 By my austere friends' wills on one so young ; 
 
 No like-year'd virghis near, no youthful throng, ^ro 
 
 To meet in some delights, dances, or so ; 
 
 But day and night the windy sea doth throw 
 
 Wild murmuring cuffs about our deafned ears." 
 
 This said, her white robe bid her cheeks like spheres. 
 
 And then (with shame alfected, since she us'd 
 
226 
 
 MUS^US, OF 
 
 Words that desir'd youths, and her friends accused) 
 
 She blam'd herself for them, and them for her. 
 
 Mean space Leander felt Love's arrow err 
 
 Thro' all his thoughts ; devising how he might 
 
 Encounter Love, that dar'd him so to fight. 
 
 Mind-changing Love wounds men and cures again. 
 
 Those mortals over whom he lists to reign, 
 
 Th' All-tamer stoops to, in advising how 
 
 They may with some ease bear the yoke, his bow. 
 
 So our Leander, whom he hurt, he heal'd. 
 
 Who having long his hidden fire conceal'd. 
 
 And vex'd with thoughts he thirsted to impart, 
 
 His stay he quitted with this quickest art : 
 
 " Virgin, for thy love I will swim a wave 
 
 That ships denies ; and though with fire it rave, 
 
 In way to thy bed, all the seas in one 
 
 I would despise ; the Hellespont were none. 
 
 All nights to swim to one ^ sweet bed with thee 
 
 Were nothing, if when Love had landed me, 
 
 All hid in weeds and in Yenerean foam, 
 
 I brought withal bright Hero's husband home. 
 
 Not far from hence, and just against thy town, 
 
 Abydus stands, that my birth calls mine own. 
 
 Hold but a torch then in thy^ heaven-high tow'r, 
 
 (Which I beholding, to that starry pow'r 
 
 May plow the dark seas, as the Ship of Love) 
 
 I w^ill not care to see Bootes move 
 
 Down to the sea, nor sharp Orion trail 
 
 His never- wet car, but arrive my sail, 
 
 Against my country, at thy pleasing shore. 
 
 But (dear) take heed that no ungentle blore 
 
 The torch extinguish, bearing all the light 
 
HERO AND LEANDEK 227 
 
 By whicli my life sails, lest I lose thee quite. 
 
 Wouldst thou my name know (as thou dost my house) 
 
 It is Leander, lovely Hero's spouse." ^lo 
 
 Thus this kind couple their close marriage made, 
 
 And friendship ever to be held in shade 
 
 (Only by witness of one nuptial light) 
 
 Both vow'd ; agreed that Hero every night 
 
 Should hold her torch out ; every night her love 
 
 The tedious passage of the seas should prove. 
 
 The whole even of the watchful nuptials spent. 
 
 Against their wills the stern power of constraint 
 
 Enforc'd their parting. Hero "to her tow'r; 
 
 Leander (minding his returning hour) ^20 
 
 Took of the turret marks, for fear he fail'd. 
 
 And to well-founded broad Abydus sail'd. 
 
 All night both thirsted for the secret strife 
 
 Of each young-married lovely man and wife ; 
 
 And all day after no desire shot home, 325 
 
 But that the chamber-decking night were come. 
 
 And now Night's sooty clouds clapp'd all sail on, 
 
 Fraught all with sleep ; yet took Leander none. 
 
 But on th' oppos'd shore of the noisefuU seas 
 
 The messenger of glitt'ring marriages 
 
 Look'd wishly for ; or rather long'd to see 
 
 The witness of their Light to misery. 
 
 Far olf discover'd in their covert bed. 
 
 When Hero saw the blackest curtain spred 
 
 That veiFd the dark night, her bright torch she shew'd. 
 
 Whose light no sooner th' eager Lover view'd, 
 
 But Love his blood set on as bright a fire ; 
 
 Together burn'd the torch and his desire. 
 
 But hearing of the sea the horrid roar. 
 
228 
 
 MUSJ^US, OF 
 
 With which the tender air the mad waves tore, 
 
 At first he trembled ; but at last he rear'd 
 
 High as the storm his spirit, and thus cheer'd 
 
 (Using these words to it) his resolute mind : 
 
 ''Love dreadful is; the Sea with nought inclin'd; 
 
 But Sea is water, outward all his ire ; 
 
 When Love lights his fear with an inward fire. 
 
 Take fire, my heart, fear nought that flits and raves. 
 
 Be Love himself to me, despise these waves. 
 
 Art thou to know that Yenus' birth was here ? 
 
 Commands the sea, and all that grieves us there ? " 
 
 This said, his fair limbs of his weed he stript ; 
 
 Which, at his head with both hands bound, he shii)t, 
 
 Leapt from the shore, and cast into the sea 
 
 His lovely body ; thrusting all his way 
 
 Up to the torch, that still he thought did call ; 
 
 He oars, he steerer, he the ship and all. 
 
 Hero advanced upon a tow'r so high, 
 
 As soon would lose on it the fixedst eye ; 
 
 And, like her Goddess Star, with her light shining, 
 
 The winds, that always (as at her repining) 
 
 Would blast her pleasures, with her veil she checkt, 
 
 And from their envies did her torch protect. 
 
 And this she never left, till she had brought 
 
 Leander to the havenful shore he sought. 
 
 When down she ran, and up she lighted then, 
 
 To her tow'r's top, the weariest of men. 
 
 First at the gates (without a syllable us'd) 
 
 She hugg'd her panting husband, all diffus'd 
 
 With foamy drops still stilling from his hair. 
 
 Then brought she him into the inmost fair 
 
 Of all, her virgia-chamber, that (at best) 
 
HERO AND LEANDER. 
 
 Was with her beauties ten times better cirest. 
 His body then she cleans'd ; his body oil'd 
 With rosy odours, and his bosom (soil'd 
 With the unsavoury sea) she render'd sweet 
 Then, in the high -made bed (ev'n panting yet) 
 Herself she pour'd about her husband's breast,* 
 And these words utter'd : "With too much unrest, 
 O husband, you have bought this little peace ! 
 Husband ! No other man hath paid th' increase 
 Of that huge sum of pains you took for me. 
 And yet I know, it is enough for thee 
 To suffer for my love the fishy savours 
 The working sea breaths. Come lay all thy labors 
 On my all-thankful bosom." All this said. 
 He straight ungirdled her ; and both parts paid 
 To Venus what her gentle statutes bound. 
 Here weddings were, but not a musical sound ; 
 Here bed-rites offer'd, but no hymns of praise, 
 Nor poet sacred wedlock's worth did raise. 
 No torches gilt the honored nuptial bed, 
 Nor any youths much-moving dances led. 
 No father, nor no reverend mother, sung 
 Hymen^ 0 Hymen, blessing loves so young. 
 But when the consummating hours had crown'd 
 The down-right nuptials, a calm bed was found ; 
 Silence the room fixt ; Darkness deckt the bride ; 
 But hymns and such rites far were laid aside. 
 Night was sole gracer of this nuptial house ; 
 Cheerful Aurora never saw the spouse 
 In any beds that were too broadly known, 
 Away he fled still to his region, 
 And breath'd insatiate of the absent Sun. 
 
230 
 
 MUSJEUS, OF 
 
 Hero kept all this from her parents still, 
 Her priestly weed was large, and would not fill, 
 A maid by day she was, a wife by night ; 
 Which both so lov'd they wish'd it never light. ' 
 And thus both, hiding the strong need of love. 
 In Yenus^ secret sphere rejoic'd to move. 
 But soon their joy died ; and that still-toss'd state 
 Of their stol'n nuptials drew but little date. 
 For when the frosty Winter kept his justs, 
 Rousing together all the horrid gusts 
 That from the ever-whirling pits arise. 
 And those weak deeps that drive up to the skies. 
 Against the drench'd foundations making knock 
 Their curled foreheads ; then with many a shock 
 The winds and seas met, made the storms aloud 
 Beat all the rough sea with a pitchy cloud. 
 And then the black bark, buffeted with gales, 
 Earth checks so rudely that in two it falls ; 
 The seaman flying winter's faithless sea. 
 Yet, brave Leander, all this bent at thee 
 Could not compell in thee one fit of fear ; 
 But when the cruel faithless messenger 
 (The tow'r) appear'd and shew'd th' accustom'd light, 
 It stung thee on, secure of all the spite 
 The raging sea spit. But since Winter came, 
 Unhappy Hero should have cooFd her flame, 
 And lie without Leander, no more lighting 
 Her short-liv'd bed-star; but strange Fate exciting 
 As well as Love, and both their pow'rs combined 
 Enticing lier, in her hand never shin'd 
 The fatal Love-torch, but this one hour, more. 
 Night came. And now the Sea against the shore 
 
HERO AND LEANDER, 
 
 231 
 
 Muster'd her winds up ; from whose wint'ry jaws 
 
 They belch'd their rude breaths out in bitt'rest flaws. 
 
 In midst of which Leander, with the pride 
 
 Of his dear hope to bord his matchless bride, 
 
 Up on the rough back of the high sea leaps ; ^ 
 
 And tlien waves thrust up waves ; the watry heaps 
 
 Tumbled together ; sea and sky were mixt ; 
 
 The fighting Winds the frame of Earth unfixt ; 
 
 Zephyr and Eurus flew in cither's face, 
 
 Notus and Boreas wrastler-like embrace, * 
 
 And toss each other with their bristled backs. 
 
 Inevitable were the horrid cracks 
 
 The shaken Sea gave ; ruthful were the wracks 
 
 Leander suffer'd in the savage gale 
 
 Th' inexorable whirlpits did exhale. ^ 
 
 Often he pray'd to Venus born of seas, 
 
 iN'eptune their King ; and Boreas, that t' would please 
 
 His Godhead, for the Nympli Atthea's sake, 
 
 iNTot to forget the like stealth he did make 
 
 For her dear love, touch't then with his sad state. 
 
 But none would help him ; Love compels not Fate. 
 
 Every way toss'd with Avaves and Air's rude breath 
 
 Justling together, he was crush'd to death. 
 
 No more his youthful force his feet commands, 
 
 TJnmov'd lay now his late all-moving hands. 
 
 His throat was turn'd free channel to the flood. 
 
 And drink went down that did him far from good. 
 
 No more the false light for the curst wind burn'd. 
 
 That of Leander ever-to-be-mourn'd 
 
 Blew out the love and soul. When Hero still ^ 
 
 Had watchful eyes, and a most constant will 
 
 To guide the voyage ; and the morning shin'd, 
 
232 MUSuEUS, OF HERO AND LEANDER. 
 
 Yet not by her light she her love could find. 
 She stood distract with miserable woes, 
 And round about the sea's broad shoulders throws 
 Her eye, to second the extinguish'd light ; 
 And tried if any way her husband's sight 
 Erring in any part she could descry. 
 When at her turret's foot she saw him lie 
 Mangl'd with rocks, and all-embrued, she tore 
 About her breast the curious weed she wore; 
 And with a shriek from off her turret's height 
 Cast her fair body headlong, that fell right 
 On her dead husband, spent with him her breath ; 
 And each won other in the worst of death. 
 
A^^NOTATIO^S UPON THIS POEM OF 
 
 MUS^.US. 
 
 Ver. 11. ^Ta/uLO(rr6\os signifies one qui nuptias apparat vel 
 insiruit. 
 
 17. ^l^v}X(f)0(TT6\ov a<jTpov ipd^rcjv. Ni'//.0O(7t6Xos est qui 
 P'ponsam sponso adducit sett conciliat. 
 
 19. ^'ZvvepiOoSy socius in aliquo opere. 
 
 20. ^ 'EpwyU-ai^^wy obvvdojv. 'l^poj/mavrjs signifies perdite 
 amanSy and therefore I enlarge the verbal translation. 
 
 21. ^'AyyeXirju 5' icpijXa^ev dKOL/bLrjTCxJv, k. t. X. 'A77eXta, be- 
 sides what is translated in the Latin res est nuntiata, item man- 
 datum a nuntio perlatum^ item fama, and therefore I translate it 
 fame-freighted ship, because Leander calls himself oXkos epcoros, 
 which is translated navis amoris, though oXkos properly signifies 
 sulcus, or tractus navis, vel serpentis, vel oetherece sagittce, d^c. 
 
 23. ^'Bx^poj' d^r)T7}v. "ExSos, "ExOpa, and 'ExOpos are of 
 one signification, or have their deduction one ; and seem to be 
 deduced dirb rod ex^crdai, I. hcerere. Ut sit odium quod animo 
 inflxum ha^ret. For odium is by Cicero defined ira inveterata. 
 I have therefore translated it according to this deduction, 
 because it expresses better ; and taking the wind for the 
 fate of the wind ; which conceived and appointed before, 
 makes it as inveterate or infixed. 
 
 89. s XpoLrjv yap fieXewp epvdaivero, colore enim membrornm 
 ruhehat. A most excellent hyperbole, being to be understood 
 she blushed all over her. Or, then follows another elegancy, 
 as strange and hard to conceive. The mere verbal translation 
 •of the Latin being in the sense either imperfect, or utterly in- 
 
234 
 
 ANNOTATIONS ON THIS 
 
 elegant, which I must yet leave to your judgment, for your 
 own satisfaction. The words are, — 
 
 Kai f)68a XevKoxirojvos virb a<pvpa Xo^jnirero Koijprjs. 
 
 Euntis vero 
 
 Etiam rosce Candida indutce tunica sub talis splendehant puellce. 
 
 To understand which, that her white weed was all underlined 
 with roses, and that they shined out of it as she went, is passing 
 poor and absurd ; and as gross to have her stuck all over with 
 roses. And therefore to make the sense answerable in heighth 
 and elegancy to the former, she seemed (blushing all over her 
 white robe, even below her ankles as she went) a moving rose, 
 as having the blush of many roses about her. 
 
 167. ^ 'Av^(paLV€ ^aduffKLOs eairepos dcrrrjp. Apparuit umhrosa 
 Hesperus stella. E regione is before ; which I English And 
 east ; the Even-star took vantage of her shade, viz. of the evening 
 shade, which is the cause that stars appear. 
 
 174. ^XaXL(ppova pev/uLara k. instabilis nutns puellce. I Eng- 
 lish her would and woidd not. Xa\l(ppo}v, 6 xdXts rets (ppevas, 
 signifying cui mens laxata est et enerva ; and of extremity 
 therein aniens^ demens. XaXi0/)oj/^w, sum xaXt0/)wj/. 
 
 181. k Demens sum — she calls him bvafjiope, which signifies 
 cui difficile fatum ohtingit ; according to which I English it, in- 
 felix (being the word in the Latin) not expressing so particularly, 
 because the unhappy in our language hath divers understand- 
 ings, as loaggish or subtle, d'C. And the other well expressing 
 an ill abodement in Hero of his ill or hard fate ; imagining 
 straight the strange and sudden alteration in her to be fatal. 
 
 187. ^ A^KTpop aix-qxdvov. IlapdevLKrjs going before, it is 
 Latined, virginus ad lectum difficile est ire ; but dfji7)xcLvos sig- 
 nifies nidlis machinis expugnabilis : the way unto a virginus bed 
 is utterly -barred. 
 
 189. ^ KuTrptStcoj' odpujv avrdyyeKoi elaiv dTreiXaL Vene' 
 rearum consiietudinum per se nuntim sunt mince; exceeding ele- 
 gant. AvrdyyeXos signifying qui sibi nuntius est, id est, qui 
 sine aliorum opera sua ipse nuntiat ; according to which I have 
 Englished it. "Oapes, lusus venerei. 'ATretXat also^ which sig- 
 nifies mince, having a reciprocal signification in our tongue, 
 being Englished mines. Mines, as it is privileged amongst us, 
 being English, signifying mines made under the earth. I 
 
POEM OF MUSJEUS, 235 
 
 have passed it with that word, being fit for this place in that 
 understanding. 
 
 226. ^ ^EpooTOTOKOLaL fjLvdoLS, ipojTOTOKos (TCLp^, covpiis amorem 
 pariens et alliciens, according to which I have turned it. 
 
 243. ^'AiraXoxpoou o^vx^va. ' AiraXoxpoos signifies qui tenerd 
 et delicatd est cute ; tenerum therefore not enough expressing? 
 I have enlarged the expression as in his place. 
 
 248. VJioKvirXaveijov iiredjv is turned variorum verhorum, 
 iroXvirXauTjs signifying multivagus, erroneus, or errorum plenus, 
 intending that sort of error that is in the planets ; of whose 
 wandering they are called irXavrjTes darepes, sidera errantia. 
 So that Hero taxed him for so bold a liberty in words, as 
 erred toto ccelo from what was fit, or became the youth of one 
 so graceful ; which made her break into the admiring ex- 
 clamation, that one so young and gracious should put on so 
 experienced and licentious a boldness, as in that holy temple 
 encouraged him to make love to her. 
 
 265. ^ A6/jios ovpavofjLTfKrjs. It is translated domo altissimd ; 
 but because it is a compound, and hath a grace superior to the 
 others in his more near and verbal conversion, ovpavofjLr}Ktjs 
 signifying caelum proceritate tangens, I have so rendered it. 
 
 293. ^ 'Typos cLKOLTTjs, translated madidus maritus, when as 
 aKOLTTjs is taken here for o/jLOKoirrjs, signifying unum et idem 
 cuhile habens, which is more particular and true. 
 
 299. s'HXtjSdroz/ (t4o Trijpyov, &c. 'RXL^aros signifies jam 
 alius aut profundus ut ah ejus accessu aberres, intending the 
 tower upon which Hero stood. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
JUVENAL. 
 
A JUST REPROOFE 
 OF A 
 
 Romane Smell-Feaft: 
 
 BEING THE FIFTH SATYRE OF 
 
 JUVENAL. 
 
 Translated by George Chapman. 
 
 Imprinted at London by Tho. Harper 
 M D C. XXIX. 
 
TO THE RIGHT VIRTUOUS AND WORTHILY 
 HONOURED GENTLEMAN, 
 EICHAED HUBERT, ESQUIRE. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 REAT works get little regard; little and 
 light are most affected with height ; omne 
 I leve sursum, grave deorswn, you know ; 
 for which, and because custom or fashion 
 is another nature, and that it is now the fashion to justify 
 strange actions, I (utterly against mine own fashion) 
 followed the vulgar, and assaid what might be said for 
 the justification of a strange action of Nero in burying 
 with a solemn funeral one of the cast hairs of his mistress 
 Poppea. And not to make little labours altogether un- 
 worthy the sight of the great, I say with tlie great de- 
 fender of little labours. In tenui labor est, at tenuis non 
 gloria. Howsoever, as seamen seeing the approaches 
 of whales, cast out empty vessells, to serve their harm- 
 ful pleasures, and divert them from everting their main 
 adventure (for in the vast and immane power of any 
 thing, nothing is distinguished; great and precious 
 things, basest and vilest, serve alike their wild and un- 
 wildy swings) ; so myself, iiaving yet once more some 
 worthier work than this oration, and following translation, 
 
 Q 
 
242 
 
 to pass this sea of the land, expose to the land and 
 vulgar Leviathan these slight adventures. The rather, 
 because the translation containing in two or three in- 
 stances a preparation to the justification of my ensuing 
 intended* translations, lest some should account them, 
 as they have my former conversions in some places, 
 licenses, bold ones, and utterly redundant. Though your 
 judicial self (as I have heard) hath taken those liberal 
 redundances rather as the necessary overflowings of 
 Nilus, than rude or harmful torrents swoln with head- 
 strong showers. To whose judgement and merit sub- 
 mits these, and all his other, services 
 
 George Chapman. 
 
 * It would seem from this that Chapman intended other 
 translations. None, however, have been printed. 
 
TO THE KEADER. 
 
 ECAUSE, in most opinions of translation, 
 a most asinine error hath gotten ear and 
 head, that men must attempt it as a mas- 
 tery in rendering any original into other 
 language, to do it in as few words, and the like order, 
 I thought it not amiss in this poor portion of translation 
 to pick out, like the rotten out of apples if you please 
 so to repute it, a poor instance or two that endeavour to 
 demonstrate a right in the contrary ; and the rather I 
 take this course, ocularily to present you with example 
 of what I esteem fit to save the liberty and dialect of 
 mine own language, because there are many valetudi- 
 naries that never know the goodness of their stomach 
 till they see meat afore them. 
 
 Where, therefore, the most worthy Satirist describes 
 the differences of pages that attend the lord and the 
 guests at the table, and expresses the disdain of the lord's 
 page to attend his guest, bespeaks for his pride thus : — 
 
 sed forma sed eetas 
 
 Digna supercilio. 
 
 Which I take out with this bold one : And to say truth 
 liis form and prime beside may well alloiv him some few 
 grains of pride. To speak truth is too much, you say ; 
 I confess it in policy, but not in force and honest poesy. 
 
244 
 
 In the other, the words are utterly altered. It should be 
 so, to avoid verbal servitude ; but the sense I might 
 wish my betters could render no worse. It follows, 
 where he sets down the difference betwixt the lord's 
 bread and the guests'; where he hath played upon the 
 coarseness and mustiness of the guests' pantry, he dif- 
 ferences his lord's thus : — 
 
 Sed tener et niveus, mollique siligine factus, 
 Servatur domino. 
 
 Which I thus :— 
 
 But for his bread, the pride of appetite, 
 Tenderly soft, incomparably white, 
 The first flow'r of fine meal subdu'd in paste, 
 That's a peculiar for my lord's own taste. 
 
 0 this, you will say, is a bold one ; which 1 am too 
 bashful to answer otherwise than thus, that here the 
 purest bread affects a full description ; which I amplify- 
 ing no more than is needful for the full facture of it, 
 if I be overflowing, my author is arid ; but who would 
 not greedily here have fallen upon mowy^ it lying so 
 fair for him ? put soft faithfully in his proper place ; and 
 would ever have dreamed of subdued in paste, because 
 it was not put in his mouth 1 And I hope it will seem 
 no over-broad bold one, to enter where the purest bread 
 out of industry should make his expected apparance. 
 A number more out of this of no number I could in- 
 stance, that would trouble men made of greatest number 
 to imitate. But all mastery hath his end, to get great 
 men to commend. It is the outward not the inward 
 virtue that i^revails. The candlestick more than the 
 candle is the learning with which blind Fortune useth 
 to prefer her favourites. And who, but the spawns 
 of candlesticks (men of most lucubration for name) win 
 
245 
 
 the day from such dormice as wake sleeping ; and rest 
 only in those unprofitable and abhorred knowledges, that 
 no man either praises or acknowledges. 
 
 Me dulcis saturet quies. Leni perfruar ocio. 
 Ignotus omnibus. Cognitus egomet mihi. 
 
 <3uite opposite to your admired and known learned man : 
 Qui notus nimis omnibus, Ignotus morifur sihi. And so 
 shall know nothing either in life or death when every 
 truly learned man's knowledge especially begins. Your 
 servant. 
 
D. JVmi JUYENALIS. 
 
 LIB. I. SAT. V. 
 
 TO TREBIUS. LABOURING TO BRING HIM IN DISLIKE 
 OF HIS CONTINUED COURSE OF FREQUENTING 
 THE TABLE OF VIRRO, A GREAT 
 LORD OF ROME. 
 
 
 mi 
 ml 
 
 
 
 F, of thy purpose yet, thou tak'stno shame^ 
 But keep's t thy mind, immutably, the 
 
 same, 
 
 That thou esteem'st it as a good in chief 
 At others' trenchers to relieve thy life ; 
 If those things thou can's t find a back to bear, ^ 
 That not Sarmentus nor vile Galba were 
 So base to put in patience of a guest. 
 Kg, not for Caesar's far-exceeding feast ; 
 Fear will alfect me to believe thy troth 
 In any witness, though produced by oath ; 
 For nothing in my knowledge falls that is 
 IMore frugal than the belly. But say this. 
 That not enough food all thy means can find, 
 To keep thy gut from emptiness and wind. 
 Is no creek void 1 No bridge ? No piece of shed 
 Half, or not half 1 Would thy not being fed 
 At Virro's table be so foul a shame ? 
 
D, J UN 1 1 JUVENALIS. 
 
 Does hunger blow in thee so false a flame, 
 
 As not to taste it nobler in as poor 
 
 And vile a place as hath been nam'd before 1 
 
 To quake for cold, and gnaw the mustiest grounds 
 
 Of barley-griest, bak'd purposely for hounds ? 
 
 First, take it for a rule, that if my lord 
 
 Shall once be pleas'd to grace thee with his board, 
 
 The whole revenues that thy hopes inherit, 
 
 Kising from services of ancient merit. 
 
 In this requital amply paid will prove. 
 
 O 'tis the fruit of a transcendent love 
 
 To give one victuals ; that thy table-king 
 
 Lays in thy dish though ne'er so thin a thing. 
 
 Yet that reproach still in thine ears shall ring. 
 
 If, therefore, after two months' due neglect, 
 
 He deigns his poor dependant to respect, 
 
 And lest the third bench fail to fill the rank. 
 
 He shall take thee up to supply the blank. 
 
 * Let's sit together Trebius,' says my lord ; 
 
 Sees all thy wishes sunim'd up in a word. 
 
 What canst thou ask at Jove's hand after this 1 
 
 This grace to Trebius enough ample is 
 
 To make him start from sleep before the lark, 
 
 Posting abroad untruss'd, and in the dark, 
 
 Perplex'd with fear, lest all the servile-rout 
 
 Of his saluters have the round run-out 
 
 Before he come ; while yet the fixed star 
 
 Shows his ambiguous head, and heaven's cold car 
 
 The slow Bootes wheel about the Bear. 
 
 And yet, for all this, what may be the cheer 1 
 
 To such vile wine thy throat is made the sink, 
 
 As greasy wool would not endure to drink, 
 
248 D, J UN II JUVENALIS. 
 
 And we must shortly look to see our guest 
 Transform'd into a Berecynthian priest. 
 Words make the prologue to prepare the fray, 
 And in the next scene pots are taught to play 
 The parts of weapons ; thy red napkin now 
 Descends to tell thee of thy broken brow ; 
 And such events do evermore ensue 
 When you poor guests and Yirro's serving crew 
 Grow to the heat of such uncivil wars, 
 The vile wine made the bellows to your jars. 
 For Yirro\s self, the wine he drinks was born 
 When consuls (Phoebus-like) appear 'd unshorn ; 
 A grape that long since in the wars was prest 
 By our confederate Marsians, and the rest ; 
 Of which no drop his longing friend can get 
 Though blown in fume up with a cardiack fit. 
 Next day he likes to taste another field, 
 The Alban hills', or else the Setine yield, 
 Whose race and rich succession if you ask. 
 Age hath decayed, and sickness of the cask ; 
 Such Thrasea and Helvidius quatf 'd, still crown' 
 When Brutus' birth, and Cassius' they renown'd 
 Virro himself in solemn bowls is serv'd. 
 Of amber and disparent beryl kerv'd ; 
 But to thy trust no such cup they commit. 
 Or, if they do, a spy is fix'd to it. 
 To tell the stones; whose firm eye never fails 
 To watch the close walks of thy vulturous nails. 
 'Give leave,' says Virro, and then takes the cup 
 The famous jasper in it lifting up 
 In glorious praises ; for 'tis now the guise 
 Of him and others to transfer such prize 
 
D, JUNII JUVENALIS. 
 
 Off from his fingers to his bowls that were 
 Wont to grace swords, and our young Trojan peer 
 That made larbus jealous (since in love 
 Preferr'd past him by Dido) us'd t' improve 
 By setting them in fore-front of his sheath. 
 Bnt thy bowl stands an infinite beneath, 
 And bears the Beneventane cobbler's name, 
 "Whose gallon drunk-off must thy blood enflame, 
 And is so craz'd, that they would let it pass 
 To them that matches give for broken glass. 
 Now, if by fumes of wine, or fiery meat, 
 His lordship's stomach over-boil with heat. 
 There's a cold liquor brought that's made t' outvie 
 The chill impressions of the north-east sky. 
 I formerly affirm'd, that you and he 
 Were serv'd with wines of a distinct degree, 
 But now remember, it belongs to you 
 To keep your distance in your water too. 
 And (in his page's place) thy cups are brought 
 By a swarth foot man, from Getulia bought. 
 Or some sterv'd negro, whose affrightfiil sight 
 Thou wouldst abhor to meet in dead of night 
 Passing the monuments of Latia. 
 In his eye waits the flower of Asia, 
 A jewel purchas'd at a higher rate 
 Than martial Ancus', or king Tullus', state, 
 (Not to stand long) than all the idle things 
 That grac'd the courts of all our Roman kings. 
 If then thy bowl his nectar s store shall need. 
 Address thee to his Indian Ganymed. 
 Think not his page, worth such a world, can skill. 
 Or does not scorn, for thread-bare coats to fill, 
 
250 D, JUNII JUVENALIS, 
 
 And, to say truth, his form and pride beside 
 
 May well allow him some few grains of pride. 
 
 But when does he to what thou want'st descend, 
 
 Or thy entreaties not contemn t' attend. 
 
 Supply of water craving, hot or cold 1 
 
 JS'o, he, 1 tell you, in high scorn doth hold 
 
 To stir at every stale dependant's call ; 
 
 Or that thou call'st for anything at all. 
 
 Or sitt'st where he's forc'd stand, his pride depraves. 
 
 Houses of state abound with stately slaves. 
 
 And see, another's proud disdains resist 
 
 His hand to set thee bread ; and yet what is't 
 
 But hoary cantles of unboulted grist. 
 
 That would a jaw-tooth rouse, and not admit. 
 
 Though ne'er so base, thy baser throat a bit 1 
 
 But for his bread, the pride of appetite, 
 
 Tenderly soft, incomparably white. 
 
 The first flow'r of fine meal subdu'd in paste, 
 
 That's a peculiar for my lord's own taste. 
 
 See then thou keep'st thy fingers from offence, 
 
 And give the pantler his due reverence. 
 
 Or say thou shouldst be (malapeitly) bold, 
 
 Seest thou not slaves enough, to force thy hold 
 
 From thy attempted prize, with taunts like these, 
 
 ' Hands ofi", forward companion, will you please 
 
 With your familiar crible to be fed, 
 
 And understand the colour of your bread ' 
 
 Then grumbles thy disgrace : * And is it this 
 For which so oft I have forborne the bliss 
 
 ^'^^ See Batrachomyomachia, 53. 
 
 Pantler — the servant who kept the bread, the pantry. 
 139 Qrihle — a finer sort of bran ; seconds' bread. 
 
D. J UN 1 1 JUVENALIS. 
 
 251 
 
 Of my fair wife, to post with earliest speed 
 
 Up to Mount Esquiliiie, where agues breed? 
 
 When my repair did vernal Jove provoke 
 
 To drive his weather through my winter cloke, 
 
 And in his bitter'st hails his murmurs broke ' 
 
 But let us to our cates our course address : 
 
 Observe that lobster serv'd to Virro's mess, 
 
 How with the length of his extended limbs 
 
 He does surcharge the charger ; how the brims 
 
 With lust-full sperage are all over-stor'd ; 
 
 With what a tail he over-tops the board. 
 
 In service first borne-up betwixt the hands 
 
 Of that vast yeoman ! But, for thee, there stands 
 
 A puny Cray -fish, pent in half a shelf, 
 
 The dish not feast enough for one in hell. 
 
 The fish he tastes swims in an oil that grew 
 
 In Campany, and drank Yenafrian dew. 
 
 But, for the worts, poor snake, presented thee, 
 
 Whose pale aspect shows their infirmity. 
 
 They drink an oil much of the curriers' stamp, 
 
 Exquisite stuff, that savours of the lamp. 
 
 For know, that for your board is billetted 
 
 An oil that from the Lybian cane is shed, 
 
 The burthen of a sharp Numidian prow ; 
 
 An oil, for whose strength Romans disavow 
 
 To bathe with Boccharis ; an oil whose smell 
 
 'Gainst serpents doth an amulet excell. 
 
 ISText, for my lord, a mullet see serv'd in, 
 Sent from the Corsic-shore, or of a fin 
 Bred in Sicilia's Taurominian rocks ; 
 All our seas being exhausted, all our flocks 
 160 '[Yorta — vegetables, cole-worts. 
 
^52 
 
 D. J UN II JUVENALIS. 
 
 Spent and destroy'd, while our luxurious diet 
 Makes havock, and our kitchens never quiet 
 Still with unwearied nets, that no truce keep, 
 Ransack the entrails of th' adjoining deep ; 
 Nor respite our Etrurian fry to grow. 
 And now our markets their chief purveyance owe 
 To some remote and ditionary coast ; 
 Thence come the dainties that our kitchens boast ; 
 Such as to buy the vulture Lenas deigns, 
 » Such as to sell Aurelia entertains. 
 In mess with that, behold for Virro lies 
 A lamprey of an exemplary size, 
 That for dimension bears the prize from all 
 Which gulphs Sicilian sent his festivall ; 
 For while the South contains himself, while he 
 Lies close, and dries his feathers in his lee, 
 'Our greedy pursenets for their gain despise 
 The danger that in mid Chary bdis lies. 
 
 !N'ow, for his lamprey, thou art glad to take 
 An eel, near cousin to a hideous snake, 
 ^Or else a freckled Tiberine, bit with frost, 
 And he the poorest slave of all the coast. 
 Fed with the torrent of the common sewer. 
 And swims the town ditch where 'tis most impure. 
 Here would I on himself a word have spent, 
 .So he inclin'd an ear benevolent. 
 Nor do we such benevolences crave. 
 As Seneca his mean acquaintance gave ; 
 Such as good Piso ; such as Cotta made 
 To deal for largess ; a familiar trade ; 
 For times have been, that in the world's account 
 'The title of munificence did mount 
 
D. JUNII JUVENALIS, 
 
 253 
 
 Above triumphant or imperial bays. 
 
 But our desire in this due limit stays, 
 
 That you will make, when you entreat a guest, 
 
 Civil respect the steward of your feast. 
 
 Do this, and be, as many lords are more, 
 
 Rich to yourself, and to your followers poor. 
 
 Before him see a huge goose-liver set ; 
 A capon cramm'd, even with that goose ; for great 
 A whole wild boar, hid in his smoking heat, 
 That gold-lock'd Meleager's dart deserv'd ; 215 
 And after all this, Yirro's self is serv'd 
 With pure dress'd mushrooms, be the spring then freed, 
 And wislied thunders make his meals exceed. 
 And then the gully-gut (Aledius) cries 
 0 Lybia, keep with thee thy wheats and ryes, ^'^^ 
 And ease thy oxen, sending these supplies. 
 And that no indignation want to thee, 
 (As bound t' observe) the carver thou must see 
 Dancing about his business ; and he 
 That teaches him the laws to the true life 
 Of carving comely, with his flying knife 
 Touching at every joint he carves, before 
 He dares th' attempt, till not a gesture more 
 In all his dictates can deserve oifence. 
 Nor must your note fail, how huge diflerence --^^ 
 There is 'twixt the unlacing of your hare. 
 And hen's dissection. 'Gainst which if you dare 
 But whisper, like a three-nam'd noble man, 
 Like Cacus, struck by hands-Herculean, 
 Thou shalt be by the heels dragg'd forth the place. -^^^ 
 But when doth Yirro then vouchsafe the grace 
 To drink to thee It Or touch the cup that thou 
 
254 D, J UN II JUVENALIS. 
 
 Hast with thy lips profan'd ? Or which of you 
 
 So desperate is, so lost, to bid the king 
 
 * Drink to me, sir ? ' No. There is many a thing 
 
 That thread-bare coats dare not for fear bring forth. 
 
 But if some God, or God-like man, or worth 
 
 Better than fate, Avould wealth bestow on thee, 
 
 Fit to maintain a knight of Rome's degree. 
 
 How huge a piece of man shouldst thou ascend 
 
 Rais'd out of nothing ! How much Yirro's friend ! 
 
 ^ Give Trebius.' ' Set to Trebius.' * Brother (now) 
 
 Please you these puddings' taste 1 ' 0 moneys, you 
 
 He gives this honour, you these brother are. 
 
 Yet notwithstanding, if thou please to share 
 
 His lordship with him, or become his king. 
 
 You must to court no young -^neas bring, 
 
 Nor daughter, though his daintier, to be 
 
 Play-peers with Yirro's daintiest progeny. 
 
 But childless be. A pleasing and dear friend 
 
 A barren wife makes. But suppose she lend 
 
 Thy lap much issue (even at one birth three) 
 
 So thou be rich, Virro will join with thee 
 
 In joy of that thy prating progeny ; 
 
 And ever when the infant parasite 
 
 Comes to the table, asking his delight, 
 
 Virro commands it all his appetite. 
 
 To all his cheap priz'd friends, they serve the board 
 
 With dangerous toad-stools ; mushrooms for my lord, 
 
 But such as Claudius pleas'd to taste, before 
 
 His wife's gift came that made him taste no more. 
 
 Virro commands for him, and all the rest 
 Of the Virronian rank, fruit of such feast 
 As thou shalt only in their odour eat. 
 
D. JUNII JUVENALIS. 
 
 255 
 
 Such as Phseacia's endless autumns sweat, 
 Or tliou wouldst think got from the golden trees 
 That grew in guard of the Atlantides ; 
 Where thou eat'st spaky fruit, of that sour sort 
 That fresh-train'd soldiers feed on in their fort, 
 Bestow'd on them in practise of their art 
 At a stuff'd goat-skin to bestow a dart, 
 Fearing for their default the scourge's smart. 
 Perhaps, for saving cost, thou may'st conceive 
 That Virro feeds thee so ? No, 'tis to grieve 
 Thy greedy liquorous appetite, because 
 There is no comedy of more applause, 
 Nor any excellentest Zany can 
 More tlian a weeping-gut delight a man. 
 All is then done (if we must teach thine ears) 
 To make thee purge thy choler by thy tears, 
 And live still gnashing of thy great-eye-teeth. 
 Tbou think'st, he thinks thee free, and not beneath 
 Guests for his love and grace ; but he knows well 
 Thee only taken with his kitchen's smell. 
 Nor thinks amiss ; for who so naked lives, 
 That twice on his entreats attendance gives ? 
 Vain hope of supping well deceives you all 
 ^ But see ' (say you) ' that half -eat hare will fall 
 In his gift to our shares ; or of that boar 
 Some little fragments, tliat his haunches w^ore ; 
 Or sure that cap'net.' When, for all prepar'd, 
 Your musty bread par'd clean, and no bit shar'd 
 Of all those meats of mark, and long'd-for dishes. 
 Your vain hopes vanisli, and y' are mute as fishes. 
 
 2"'^ Spaky — specky, rotten. 
 
 Cap net — caponet, little capon. 
 
 275 
 
 280 
 
256 
 
 Z>. J UN II JUViJNALIS, 
 
 He's wise that serves thee so ; for if thou can 
 Bear all, thou should'st, and he's no unjust man 
 That lays all on thee, even to stoop thy head 
 To the fool's razor, and be buffeted ; 
 Vv hich if thou do'st, nor let'st thy forage fear 
 Besides to suffer Virro's whipping cheer. 
 With all the sharp sauce that he can extend, 
 Thou'rt worthy such a feast, and such a friend. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
 PRINTED BY JAMES BELL AT THE PRIORY PRESSy^ 
 48, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE, LONDON, E.G. 
 
 300- 
 
 305' 
 
A GLOSSARIAL INDEX 
 
 THE WHOLE OF CHAPMAN'S CLASSICAL 
 TRANSLATIONS. 
 
 R 
 
The Editor gives this Index as a valuable adjunct to the five volumes of 
 the Translations. Explanations are only affixed to such words as seem to 
 need them. Many words are noted as early instances of their use, and as 
 not occurring in the ordinary dictionaries. This, it is hoped, will be of some 
 philological value. One or two references have been thought sufficient. 
 
 The abbreviations are — II. for Iliad; Od. for Odyssey ; Bat. for Batra- 
 chomyomachia ; H. A. for Hymn to Apollo ; H. H. for Hymn to Hermes ; 
 H. V. for Hymn to Venus ; and the smaller Hymns are generally cited 
 by the page ; Hes. for Hesiod ; Mus. for Musseus ; and Juv. for Juvenal. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Able (to). II. xxiii. 724 
 Ablesse. 11. v. 248 
 Abodes = prognostications. II. xiii. 
 145 
 
 Abodes = stays. Od. iii. 471 ; iv. 201 
 Acceptant (n. s.) II. vii. arg. 3. 
 Accited = summoned, roused. II. xi. 
 595 
 
 Accost (to) = approach, draw near. II. 
 
 X. 461 ; Od. iv. 418 
 Addictions inclinations. II. ii. 60 
 Address (to) = prepare. II. ii. 24 ; Od. 
 
 ii. 586 
 
 Addression. II. vi. 371 ; Od. i. 438 
 Administress. Mus. 10 
 Admiration = astonishment. II. ix. 
 194 
 
 Admired = wonderful. II. iii. 138 
 Adviceful II. ix. 87 
 Advise (to) notify. Od. xx. 334 
 Affair = endeavour. II. v. 503 
 Affects passions, inclinations. II. i. 
 
 209 ; Od. ii. 54 
 Affect (to) = act upon, move. II. v. 
 
 180 
 
 Affected = made show of. II. iii. 210. 
 Affected cloved. II. iii. 368; viii. 318. 
 Affrightful. Juv. 102 
 Aidful. II. i. 483 
 
 Allowance = approbation. II. ii. 5; 
 vii. 43 
 
 Allowed — approved. II. iii. 12 
 i\mazeful. II. xvii. 658 
 Ambassadress. II. iii. 126 
 Ambassage. II. ix. 655 
 
 Ambassy. II. v. 806 ; Od. v. 42 
 Ambuscadoes. II. xviii. 479 
 Amelled = enamelled. II. xvi. 123 
 Amendsful. II. iii. 383 
 Amiable = lovely. II. v. 214 
 A morous=: ardently desiring. II. ii. 
 690 
 
 Angel = messenger, passi??t. 
 Anger (to), v. a. 11. vii. arg. 9 ; Od. 
 xviii. 33. 
 
 Annoy (n. s.) = trouble. Od. iv. 131 
 Apaid (or appaid) = satisfied. II. v. 
 
 143 ; Od. i. 134 
 Aped = imitated. Bat. 218 
 Appall (n. s.)== fear. Bat. 440 
 Apposed = placed. II. ii. 371 ; ix. 95 
 Appropriates (n. s.) Bat. 184 
 Approve = prove. II. iii. 110 
 Apt = ready, fit. II. xvi. 470; Od. 
 
 vi. 122 
 
 Arbitrement. II. xviii. 456 
 
 Arbitry. Od. xi. 738 
 
 Areeds = counsels, advises. II. viii. 85 
 
 Arew = on a row. II. vi. 259 
 
 Argument = example. II. vi. 55 
 
 Arras. II. x, 139 
 
 Arrasted carpeted. II. v. 199 
 
 Arrive (to) = to cause to arrive. II 
 
 xxiv. 299 ; H. A. 684 
 Arrive = arrival. Od. ii. 379 
 Arted well = well-made, jointed. II. 
 
 xviii. 356 
 
 Artfully = dexterously, skilfully. II. 
 
 xxiv. 557 ; Od. v. 342 
 Aspire (to) = to aspire to. II. x. 399 
 Assay (to) — endeavour. U. ii. 58; Od. 
 
 ii. 542 
 
260 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Assistful. II. V. 119 
 
 Assume (to) = take up. Od. xi. 159 
 
 Assumpt (n. s.) = that which is 
 
 assumed. Od. xvi. *252 
 Asteep = steeped. Od. viii. 237 
 Atone (to) = make at one. II. xiv. 
 
 257 
 
 Attained — touched, hit. II. xi. 175, 
 512 
 
 Augurous. II. xviii. 191 
 Authentic = trusty. II. viii. 74 
 Author (to) = cause. II. v. 70; xi. 
 
 441 ; H. A. 99 
 Avail (n. s.). II. ii. 672 
 Aversively. H. H. 398 
 Aj'les = beards of corn. II. xx. 211 
 
 B. 
 
 Bace (to) -to run by. Od. x. 527 
 Bain = bath. Od. x. 567 
 Bane = destruction. II. iii. Ill 
 Banquet (to), v. a. II. xviii. 343 
 Banquetants. Od. xx. 280 
 Barbed — caparisoned with armour, 
 
 II. xx. 152 
 Bastardice. II. iii. 319 
 Battalia. II. xi. 49 
 Bavins. II. xxi. 344 
 Beamy. Od. xviii. 300 
 Beastly = of the nature of beasts. II. 
 
 iv. 259 
 
 Bedfere — bed-companion. Od. iii. 
 542 
 
 Behave (n, s.) = behaviour. Od. xxii. 
 545 
 
 Beldame. II. iii. 404 
 
 Belluine. H. V. 5. 
 
 Bent = nod. II. ii. 95 
 
 Beray (to) = foul. II. xxi. 379 
 
 Bereaven. H. V. 348 
 
 Besogne = beggar. Od. Ep. Ded. p. 1. 
 
 Better (to). II. xxii. 288 
 
 Bever. Od. xvii. 795 (where see note). 
 
 Bevy. Od. vi. 115 (where see note) ; 
 
 xviii. 284 ; H. A. 312 ; H. V. 71 
 Bewray (to) = betray. II. xviii. 262; 
 
 Od. i. 555 
 Bid = challenge. II. i. 155 
 Billeted = placed, disposed. Juv. 164 
 
 Blanch (to) — put a fair appearance on, 
 disguise. II. xii. 223 ; Od. xi. 492 
 
 Blame-too. Od. iii. 365 (see note) ; 
 xxii. 624 
 
 Blames. Od. xxiii. 38 
 
 Blood = disposition. II. iii. 229; v. 
 516 
 
 Bloody (to). II. xviii. 293 
 Blore:= blast. II. ii. 122; xiv. 330, 
 &c. 
 
 Blore = simply air. Od. iv. 1138 
 Board (to) = to accost. Od. xv. 500; 
 
 xxiv. 191 ; Mus. 439 
 Boggle (to) = to start. II. x. 420 
 Bossy. II. xii. 161 
 Boot = booty. II. xi. 597 ; Od. ix. 630 
 Boot-haling = foraging for booty. Bat. 
 
 187 
 
 Boulted = sifted. Bat. 53. Unboulted. 
 Juv. 126 
 
 Bracks = tatters. Od. xvii. 249, 765 
 Brast. II. xvii. 425 (see note) 
 Brave (to) = to boast. II. v. 1 1 1 
 Brave (to) = to challenge. II. xvii. 171 
 Brave(n.s. )=:challenge,boasting speech 
 
 II. iii. arg. 3 ; xi. 319 
 Braver = boaster. II. xi. 342 
 Brawn = muscle. II. v. 90 
 Brawn = hog. Od. xiv. 527 ; xx. 253 
 Bray (to) = yell. II. v. 280 (n. s. ) ; H. to 
 
 Diana, p. 113 
 Bray (to) = beat. II. xxiii. 586 
 Breach of air. II. x. 159 
 Breeze = gad-fly. Od. xxii. 387 
 Broches = spits. H. H. 227 
 Burgonet. H. to Sun, 13, p. 118 
 Burly = boisterous. II. xxi. 123 
 Burthens birth. II. iii. 258 
 Butleress. Od. xvii. 346 
 
 C. 
 
 Caddesses = daws. II. xvi. 541 
 Cantles = portions. Od. iii . 625 ; J uv. 
 126 
 
 Caponet = little capon. Juv. 296 
 Carcanet = chain of jewels. H. A. 150 
 Careful = anxious. II. vi. 275 
 Carriages = burdens. II. xxiii. 115 
 
INDEX. 
 
 261 
 
 Casqued. II. iv. 291. Casque. Od. 
 xxiv. 305 
 
 Cassocks = outward coats. Od. xiv 
 654 
 
 Castrell = kestrel. Pref. to II. p. xc. 
 Gates = delicacies. II. xxiv. 71 ; Od. 
 X. 312 
 
 Cautelous = wily. H. H. 626 
 
 Cease (to) = to make to cease. II. vi. 
 
 318 ; xxii. 71 
 Censure = opinion. II. xiii. 655: Od. 
 
 ii. 106 
 
 Chace (n. s. ) = enclosure. H. H. 435 
 Champian = level country. II. xii. 29 ; 
 xxi. 376 
 
 Changeling ::rwaverer. II. v. 883 
 Cheat = seconds- bread. Bat. 52 
 Check = reproof. II. ii. 213; iii. 37; 
 ^ Od. ii. 155 
 
 Check, to take = hesitate. II. xiii. 500 
 
 Choleric. Od. xviii. 473 
 
 Circular = always returning:, vehement 
 
 H. H. 874 
 Circumscription. H. V. 425 
 Clange. II. iii. 5 ; x. 244 
 Claver-grass ^ clover. H. to Earth, 
 
 26, p. 117 
 Cloddy. II. V. 49 
 Clossets = closes. H. to Pan, 27 
 Closure = union. II. viii. 283 
 Clottered. II. iv. 231 ; v. 801 
 Clout (to) = beat. Od. xviii. 43 
 Coach. II. iii. ,325 ; Od. vii. 5 
 Coloquintidas = pumpkins. Bat. 88 
 Commixtion. Od. x. 640 
 Commons = allowance of food. Hes. 
 
 Bk. ii. 290 
 Compact. II. vi. 435 
 Compell = collect. II. v. 650 
 Complotting. II. iv. 24 
 Comprehend — contain. II. xxiii. 58 
 Comprobation = approbation. II. i. 
 
 Com. p. 25 
 Concave = heaven. II. ii. 507 
 Conceits thought. II. viii. 438; ix. 80 
 Conceited =: designed. II. ix. 184 
 Conceiting = thinking. Bat. 214 
 Conducts convoy. II. i. 18. 143 
 Confect (to) make up. II. xi. 556 
 
 Confer (to) = give. II. ii. 307 ; iii. 7 
 Confer (to) = talk together. Od. vi. 444 
 Confine (to) abound. II. ii. .365 
 Confine (to) = terminate. Od. v. 365 ; 
 
 XV. 443 
 Confirmance. Od. iii. 497 
 Confluence = flowing together. II. xvii. 
 
 654 
 
 Confluent = affluent. II. ix. 157 
 Confluent = water. Bat. 24 
 Consolate (to). Od. viii. arg. 2 
 Consorts = companions. II. xxiii. 231 
 Consorts — companionships. II. vi. 215 
 Consort = a concert. H. H. 834 
 Consort (to) v. a. Od. i. 429 ; ii. 9 ; 
 viii. 54 
 
 Consorted = associated with. II. viii. 
 385 
 
 Conspicuity. Od. xxiv. 120 
 Constrain = draw together. II. viii. 
 17 
 
 Consults = deliberations. II. x. 281 
 Contained = restrained. II. iii. 198 
 Contendress. H. V. 112 
 Continent = possession. II. i. 170 
 Continent = that which contains. Od. 
 xii. 323 
 
 Continuate = continuous. Od. iv. 902 ; 
 X. 119 
 
 Convents convene. II. ii. 8; vii. 291 
 Conversant = employed in. II. v. 791 ; 
 
 Od. xiv. 97 
 Converted = turned towards. II. x. 
 
 164 
 
 Convince (to) = overcome. II. vi. 182 
 Cookly. II. xxiv. 556 
 Co-partner. II. ii. 572 
 Cope = match. II. v. 472 
 Cope = concave of heaven. II. v. 573 
 Core = heart (coeur). Od. viii. 281 
 Cormorand. Od. xvii. 508 (see note) 
 Cotes = sheep-cotes, shepherds' houses. 
 
 II. xviii. 535 
 Cote (to) = to pass by. II. xxiii. 324 
 
 (see note), 456 ; Od. xiii. 421 
 Couched = laid close together. II. 
 
 xiii. 719 ; xvii. 235 
 Counter braves. U. xvi. 580 
 Counterprise. H. V. 301 
 
262 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Covert. Od. xxiv. 204 
 
 Coward. Od. xviii. 106 (see note) 
 
 Coy. II. XX. 158 
 
 Crased = stunned. II. xv. arg. 5 
 
 Cressets. Od. xviii. 496 
 
 Crible — seconds-bread. Juv. 139 
 
 Crown =r sovereign. II. i. 274 
 
 Crown = circle. II. xv. 7 
 
 Crowns end, fulfilment. II. ii. 286 
 
 Crowning = fulfilment. II. ii. 304 
 
 Crows = crow-bars. II. xii. 273 
 
 Cuff (to) = buffet. II. xxii. 124 
 
 Cuffs (n. s.) = buffets. II. xxiii. 208 
 
 Cunningly = skilfully. II. ii. 373 
 
 Curace = cuirass. II. vii. 222 ; viii. 
 
 163. (Plural xi. 387) 
 Curets — shirt of mail. II. iii. 343 ; 
 
 iv. 153 ; X. 63. The same word as 
 
 above 
 
 Curious = careful. II. xxiv. 162 
 Curiously = carefully II. ii. 225 ; vi. 
 413 
 
 Currie = quarry. II. xvi. 145, 693 
 Cyper's-grass = galingale. Od. iv. 802 
 (see II. xxi. 333) 
 
 D. 
 
 Dainty. II. ii. 680 
 
 Damask and damasked = inlaid. II. 
 
 X. 63 ; iii. 345 
 Dancery. Od. viii. 504 
 Dare (to) = to venture. II. i. 228 
 Dare (to) = to provoke (pain). II. xi. 
 
 406 
 
 Dare = defiance. II. xx. 196 
 
 Darksome. II. xi. 318, 402 
 
 Deaded. Od. xviii. 372 
 
 Deathful. II. i. 93 
 
 Deathless. II. ii. 420 
 
 Deathsman. II. xxiv. 457 
 
 Declined = turned aside. II. v. 807; 
 
 Od. iv. 295 
 Deduction = leading away, conveyance 
 
 home. Od. viii. 39, 202 
 Deedless = inactive. II. iv. 351 
 Deedless = causing inaction. Od. xii. 
 
 480 
 
 Deepsome. Od. iv. 769 
 
 Deface (n.s.) II. vi. 298 
 Defame = disgrace. II. vii. 81 ; xvii. 
 474 
 
 Defamed = disgraced. Od. i. 386 
 Defect = fault. II. xiii. 102 
 Deft. II. i. 580 
 Deject = hurl-down. Bat. 228. 
 Deiayful. Od. iv. 1041 
 Delicious = delicate. II. v. 413; Od. 
 xxiv. 370 
 
 Delightsome. II. xii. 313 ; H. A. 322 
 Delightsomely. II. ii. 235 
 Den = herd or pack. II. xi. 417 
 Den (to) = dwell. H. A. 112 
 Deny = say nay. II. vi. 166; vii. 303 
 Depeople (to). II. xix. 146; Od. ix. 
 75 
 
 Depopulacy. Bat. 405 
 Depopulate. II. ii. 611 
 Depose (to) = lay down. II. xix. 34 
 Deposition = laying-down. H. A. 710 
 Deprave (to) = to defame, dishonour. 
 
 II. vi. 564 ; Bat. 106 
 Deprave (n. s.) = defamation. Od. 
 
 xxii. 585 
 
 Deprehended = caught in the act. II. 
 vi. 358 
 
 Derisory = mocking. Hes. Bk. ii. 
 325 
 
 Desertful = meritorious. Pref. to II. 
 
 p. Ixix. 
 Designment. II. ii. 454 
 Desire = regret. II. xvii. 380 ; Od. v. 
 
 277 
 
 Deviceful. Od. i. 206 
 Difference (to) v. a. II. v. 130 
 Dight (to)==to winnow (really to pre- 
 pare.) Hes. Bk. ii. 343 ; Bk. of 
 Days, 67 
 
 Dignified = rendered worthy. Od. xiii. 
 84 
 
 Disanimates = discourages. II. xvi. 
 603 
 
 Disclosed = discovered, looked upon. 
 
 II. xxi. 467 
 Discoloured^ divers-coloured. II. xvi. 
 
 160 
 
 Discovery = declaration. II. i. 70 
 Discrepance = difference. II. xi. 442 
 
INDEX, 
 
 263 
 
 Disease (to) = disturb, arouse. II. x. 
 
 45 ; Od. V. 68 
 Disease (n. s.) = unrest, uneasiness. 
 
 Od. iv. 188 
 Disfurnished. II. ii. 525 
 Disgrace = disfavour. II. ix. 20 
 Disgrace (to) = to disfavour, be unkind 
 
 to. Od. i. 365 
 Dishelm (to). Od. xiv. 383 
 Disherit (to). Od. ix. 3 
 Dishonoured = dishonourable. II. iv. 
 
 arg. 10 
 Disinflamed. II. xii. 400 
 Disjunctions. II. i. 253 
 Dislived^: deprived of life. Od. xxii 
 
 355 
 
 Disperpled = sprinkled. II. xi. 466; 
 
 Od. X. 473 
 Display (to) = to show. II. v. 693 
 Display (to) = to view. II. xi. 74; 
 
 xvii. 90 ; Od. v. 350 
 Disposure. Od. iii. 71 
 Dispraise (to) = to blame. Od. ii. 214 
 Dispread. 11. iv. 490 
 Dissentiously. II. ii. 22, 54 
 Dissite = distant, sundered apart. Od. 
 
 vii. 270 
 
 Dissolved = let loose. II. v. 353 
 Dissundered. Od. i. 36 
 Distain. II. v. 33 ; xxii. 349 
 1 )istempering = disturbing, discourag- 
 ing. II. xiv. 35 
 Disterminate = divided, separated b}^ 
 
 bounds. Od. x. 106 
 Distinguished = varied. II. v. 758 
 Distracts distracted. II. xi. 475 
 Distrustful. Od. iv. 1022 
 Diters = winnowers. II, v. 499 
 Dites = winnows. II. v. 498. (See 
 note on this passage in our second 
 edition. The word seems usually 
 applied to winnow, and is found in 
 an old political squib of the time of 
 Richard II. in Disraeli's Amenities 
 of Literature (chap, xii.), "Let 
 Piers the Plowman dwell at home, 
 and dyght us corn.") 
 Ditionary = provincial, contributory. 
 Juv. 180 
 
 Diversly. II. ii. 347 
 Diversory = way -side inn. Od. xiv. 
 536 
 
 i Diverted turned away. II. xxiii. 47 
 ! Dooms = decisions. II. iii. 78, 337 ; 
 xviii. 457 
 Dop-chick = dab-chick. Od. xv, 636 
 Dorp = village. II. xi. 587 
 Doubt = redoubt, battlement. II. xii. 
 280 
 
 Doubtless (n. a.) = undoubting. Od. 
 iv. 344 
 
 Down (to) = keep down. II. xxi. 56; 
 Od. xix. 702 
 
 Downright = plain, without ceremon}'. 
 II. xxiv. 637 ; Mus. 396 
 I Dreadless. II. x. 261 
 : Drifts = designs. II. ix. 26; x. 88 
 \ Dubbed = stuck on, loaded. II. i. 
 I 448 ; ii. 369 ; Od. iii. 619 
 ; Duke = leader. II. ii. 470; Od. iii. 
 I 532 
 
 Durance. Bat. 21 
 
 Dusted = thumped. II. xxi. 377 (see 
 note) 
 
 Dwarfy. Od. ix. 692 
 E 
 
 EA(;ER = sharp. 11. x. 150; xi. 231 
 Eagerly = sourly, sharply. II. i. 99 
 Eared = ploughed. II. xviii. 492 
 Effeminacies. II. vi. 347 
 Egression. Od x. 33 
 Eld = old age. II. xxiii 688 
 Elephant — ivory. Od. xix, 77; xxiii. 
 308 
 
 Elusive = mocking. II. xi. 319 
 Embattelling. II. iv. 308 ; xvi. 155 
 Embossed = foaming at the mouth. 
 
 II. IV. 258 ; Od. vi. 510 (see note) 
 Embrodery. Od. xvii. 39 
 Embrued = imbued with moisture. 
 
 Ofl. vi. 185; xvii. 125; xix. 644 (see 
 
 note) 
 
 Empery=: sovereign authority. II. i. 
 
 86 ; Od. iv. 233 
 Emprise = enterprise. II. xi. 257 
 Enambushed. II. x. 257 
 
264 
 
 Enchased = enclosed. II. xv. 
 
 xix. 346 ; Od. ii. 415 
 Encoached. H. A. 373 
 Endears. Od. xv. 30 
 Endless = immortal. H. H. 411 
 Endless = last. II. xxiii. 125 
 Endlessly = for ever. II. iv. 565 
 Enflamed = set on fire. Od. iii. 17 
 Enflowered. Od. v. 96 ; xiii 286 
 Enforcetul. H. V. 247 
 Enforcive. II. viii. 212 ; x. 128 
 Enfranchise (to) = set free. II. i. 96 ; 
 
 V. 374 ; Od. xi. 400 
 Enfranchisement. II. v. 375 
 Enginous = ingenious. Od. i. 452 
 Engored. II. xxi. 22 
 Engrailed = variegated. II. xxiii. 761 
 Engrost made thick, large. II. xvii. 
 
 640 ; Od. V. 374 
 Enranked. II. iii. 339 
 Enslumbered = put to sleep. II. xxiv. 
 
 399 
 
 Ensphere (to). Od. iii. 78 ; xiii. 271 
 Ensue (to) = to follow upon. II. xi. 
 
 463; H. A. 719 
 Entoiled = entangled, surrounded. 
 
 11. ii. 455 
 
 Envy = grudge. II. xiii. 477 (see note) ; 
 xxiii. 478 
 
 Equalize = to render equal. II. xi. 
 
 297. (See Pref. Poem to Reader, 17) 
 Erring = wandering. II. ii. 402 et 
 
 passim 
 
 Escape = transgression of female vir- 
 tue. II. ii. 312 ; v. 358 
 
 Escheat = plunder. II. viii. 439 
 
 Eternified. Od. i. 162 
 
 Events tissue. II. xxii. 44 
 
 Eversion^ov^erthrow. 11. ix. 48 
 
 Evicke = ibex. II. iv. 122 
 
 Evulsion. II. xxi. 171 
 
 Example (to), v. a. II. iv. 238 ; v. 804 
 
 Exanimate. II. xvii. 598 
 
 Exciteful. Hes. Bk. ii. 423 
 
 Exemplary as a specimen, sample. 
 Juv. 185 
 
 Exempt = perfect. II. ix. 604; x. 214 
 Exhale (to) = draw out. II. xx. 195 
 Exhorts = exhortations. II, xi. 183; 
 xvi. 358 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ; Exile (to) = banish. II. xvi. 369 
 Expansure. II. xvii. 320 
 Expect (to) = await. II. iv. 359; Od. 
 
 iv. 1061 et passim 
 Expectance. Od. xi. 475 
 Expert = skilful. II. iv. 311. =free 
 
 from. H. V. 358 (see note) 
 Expiscating = searching into. II. x. 
 181 
 
 Explode (to) drive out with dis- 
 grace. Hes. Bk. ii. 570 
 Explore (to) = search out. II. i. 543; 
 vi. 140 
 
 Expugn (to) = take by assault. II. iv. 
 arg. 2 
 
 Expulse (to) = drive out. II. vi. 566; 
 viii. 467 
 
 Expulsive. II. xii. 187 ; Hes. Bk. ii. 
 225 
 
 I Expulsure = driving forth. II. xi. 339 
 Exquire (to) = search out. Od. iv. 520 
 Exsequies. II. xxii. 446 (see Bk. xxiii. 
 arg. 1) 
 
 Exspire (to) =^ breathe out. Od. ix. 
 554 
 
 Extenuate (to) = render less. II. xvi. 
 673 
 
 Extremes = necessities. II. ii. 300 
 Eyeful -visible. II. x. 396 
 Eyeshot = range of eye. II. i. Com. 
 
 p. 23, line 5 
 Eyne-eyes. II.. x. 487 ; Od. xvi. 
 217 
 
 F. 
 
 Fadoing. II. xxii. 194 
 Falls. II. ii. 396 
 Fame = report. Od. iii. 126 
 j Fantasy. II. ii. 45 
 ' Fat (to) = fatten. Od. xiv. 60 
 Fatal = destined. II. viii. 344; Od. 
 
 ii. 515 
 Faultful. Od. i. 47 
 Fausens = eels. II. xxi. 190 
 Fautour = favourer, patron. II. i. 441 
 Fautress = patroness. II. xxiii. 671 
 Fawn (n. s.) = fawning. Od. x. 286 
 Fawn (to) = court, entice. Odd. xii. 7 1 
 Fearful - timid. II. i. 290; xxiii, 
 i 740 ; Od. XX, 381 
 
INDEX. 
 
 265 
 
 Fellowless = peerless. II. ii. 434 ; 
 xii. 108 
 
 Fells = skins. II. ix. 630; Od. iii. 58 
 Feltred = matted, clotted. IL iii. 219 
 Feiiceful. Bat. 190 
 Fere = companion. II. xviii. 339 
 Ferrary = art of working in iron. II. 
 
 xiv. 141 
 Fescue. H. A. 288 (see note) 
 Fetched = reached (a naval term). 
 
 Od. xxiv. 219 
 Fictive = imaginary, Od. Ep. Ded., 
 
 p. xlix line 9 
 Fight = bulwark. II. xii. 271 
 Filed = defiled. II. xvi. 733; xviii. 21 
 Filed = polished (filed-speech). Od. vi. 
 
 219 ; H. H. 568 
 Fistulary = like a pipe. H, H. 896 
 Flaw gust of wind. IL iv. 449 
 Fled = put off. Od. iv. 339 
 Fleer (to) = leer. II. xi. 343 
 Fleet = float. II. xix. 204 
 Flesh (to) = initiate. II. xiii. 158 
 Flexure- turning of the goal. II, 
 
 xxiii. 409 
 
 Flies- transcends, escapes. IL xvL 
 
 Com. x>. 104, line 18 ; Od. xvii. 504 
 Flitting = floating, Od. viii. 789 
 Fluences = pourings forth. IL xvi. 244 
 Fluent = a stream. H. A. 28 
 Fly (to) = pass over, avoid. Od. xviL 
 423 
 
 Foil -defeat, IL vi. 344-5, 372; viii, 
 478 
 
 Foody, II. xi. 104 ; Od. ii. 558 
 Footmanship. Od, iv. 270 
 ForcefuL Od. xv. 313 
 Forechace. II. xvii. 637 
 Forefeels. II. xiv. 113 
 Foregale. Od. iv, 485 
 Foregoes. IL ii. 281 
 Forehead of the Morn. II. ix. 347 
 Forepast, H. to Hercules, line 7, p. 
 104 
 
 Foreright. Od. iii. 244 ; H. A. 639 
 Foreseen II. vi. 385 
 Foresent. Od. iii. 245 
 Forespeak. IL xvi. 792 ; xviL 32 ; 
 H, A, 307 
 
 Foreteams. IL xvi. 352 
 Forewhile. Od. ii. 256 
 Forewinds. Od. ix. 130 ; xi. 866 
 FountfuL II. xiv, 238 
 Franchisement = freedom. IL v. 375 
 Frequent = numerous. IL ii. 71 
 Fret (to) = to ornament with raised 
 
 work. IL ix. 184 
 Frets = stops of a lute. H, H. 87 
 Froes = frows, women. IL vi. 129 
 Frontless = shameless, II. i. 159; Od. 
 
 i. 425 
 
 Fulsome = nasty. Od. xvii. 556 
 Fume = anger. II. L 100 ; Od. xvii. 281 
 Funeral = death. II. viii. 309 
 Furrow = lair. IL xi. 105 
 Futurely. IL vi. 201 ; xxiv, 390 
 
 G. 
 
 Gabardine = coarse cloak. Od. xiv. 742 
 Gables — cables. Od. vi. 415 etpas8i?n 
 Gadding, Od. vi. 430 
 Galingale = sweet cyperus. II. xxi. 333 
 Gamed = played at games. ILxxiii. 574 • 
 Gavel = sheaf of corn, II, xxL 328 
 Gaze (at-gaze) = staring. A stag was 
 said to look at-gaze when it looked 
 as it were full at you. IL iii. 149 ; 
 XX. 303; Od. viL 181 
 Gay some. II. xi. 194 
 Giggots = slices. II. i. 452; iL 372 
 Girlond = garland, i, e. crown. Od. i. 619 
 Gladded. Od. xix. 88 
 Gleby. II. iii. 81 
 
 Glew(to) = join toffether. IL xviii. 540 
 Glibness = smoothness, slipperiness. 
 
 Od. xiL 130 
 Glister = glitter. Od. xviii. 280 
 Glorious = boasting. IL xiiL 738 
 Gloriously = boastingly. IL iii. 20 
 Glose (to) = to deceive. Od. iiL 139. 
 
 = flatter. Od. xv. 99, 344 
 Gloss = lustre. II. i. 133 
 Gobbets = mouthfuls. Od. ix. 512 
 Grace = favour. II. vL 290 
 Gracious graceful. IL xviiL 23 
 Gratulate = confer favour. IL xxi. 422 
 Grave = heavy. IL v. 752 
 
266 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Grave (to) = to bury. II. vii. arg. 7 
 Graved — put into the grave. II. xxiv. 
 705 
 
 Green = fresh. Od. xi. 46 
 Guardfully. II. i. 441 
 Guise = custom. II. iii. 284 
 Gulfy. II. X. 7 ; xiii. 33 
 Gulls =: swallows. II. xxi. 132 
 
 H. 
 
 Habtlity^: power. II. xi. 673 
 Hales = hauls, drags. II. v. 478 et 
 passim 
 
 Halsers and halsters = hawsers. Od. 
 
 ii. 609 ; v. 333 
 Harpsical = harpsichord. H. A. 293 
 Hatched = inlaid. II. xxiii. 700 
 Healths safety. II. xv. 683 
 Hearten = encourage. II. i. 444 
 Heartless = out-of -heart. II. xv. 296 
 Heartquakes = fears. II. vii. 188 
 Heat = courage. II. ii. 323 
 Heaven = past tense of heave. II. xxiii 
 
 299 
 
 Heavy = sad. II. ii. 699; xvii. 30 
 Heired = inherited. II. v. 296; xiv. 90 
 Helm = handle. Od. v. 312 
 Helpless = unaiding. II. vi. 385 
 Helptire = assistance. II. v. 253 
 Herby = grass3^ II. v. 39; Od. iv. 453 
 Herdful. Hes. Bk. i. 494 
 Hernshaw. II. x. 243 
 Het — past tense of heat. Od. xix. 594; 
 xxi. 246 
 
 Hind = servant. Hes. Bk. ii. 205 
 
 Hind = doe. II. xi. 105 
 
 Hogherd. II. xxi. 263 
 
 Hoice and hoise = hoist. II. ix. 403; 
 Od. ii. 609 et passim 
 
 Hollows = shouts, halloes. H. V. 24 
 
 Honorary (n. s.) = gift. Od. xiii. 16 
 
 Horror = bristling. II. vii. ^9 et pas- 
 sim 
 
 Housewifely. H. to Vesta, p. Ill, 
 hne 6 
 
 Humans = men, mortals. II. xii. 64; 
 
 H. A. 298 
 Humorous = moist, watery. II. xxi. 
 
 186 ; Od. iv. 1020 
 
 Hurls = hurlings. H. A. 24 
 Husband (to) = cultivate. Od. xxiv. 
 349 
 
 I. 
 
 Idol = image. Od. xxiv. 19e^ a^i7>t 
 Illuded = mocked, deluded. II. xiv. 
 
 302 ; H. H. 642 
 Illustrate = illustrious. II. viii. 252; 
 
 X. 251 
 
 Illustrated = brightened with light. 
 Od. V. 2 
 
 Immane = huge, cruel. II. xxi. 296 
 Immartial = not warlike. Od. ii. 100 
 Immi >rtalize = render deathless. II. 
 xvi. 416 
 
 Imp (to) = to insert a feather. Hes. 
 
 Bk. ii. 382 
 Impair (n. s. ) = detriment. II. ix. 75 ; 
 
 xi. 275 
 
 Impair (to) = depreciate. II. x. 221 
 Impales = surrounds. Od. v. 308 
 Imperatory = governing. H. H. 807 
 Impervial = unpassable. Hes. Bk. ii. 
 463 
 
 Implied = enfolded. II. iv. 521 ; Od. 
 i. 509 
 
 Important = anxious. II. vi. 560 
 Importuned = vexed. II. v. 319; vii. 
 317 
 
 Impose = place upon, or in. II. xviii. 
 
 28 ; Od xiii. 553 
 Impostorous = cheating. Od. Ep. Ded. 
 
 p. 7 
 
 Improve = reprove. II. x. 108 
 Impulsion. II. ix. 182 ; Od. xxiv. 316 
 Impurpled. II. vi. 227 ; H. A. 482 
 Inaccessible = unapproachable. II. i. 
 
 550; XX. 450 
 Incense (to) = feel angry. II. xiii. 430. 
 
 To rouse to anger. 11. iv. arg. 12 
 Incense (to) = to set on fire. II. xxiii. 
 
 164 
 
 Incensory = altar. II. xi. 686 
 Incessancy. Od. i. 248 
 Inclose = harness. Od. iii. 658 
 Inclusions. II. xvi. 291 
 Incontinent = immediate. II. xxiv. 
 I 299 
 
INDEX. 
 
 267 
 
 Incorrupted = uncorruptible. II. xxi. 
 458 
 
 Inculpable. II. iv. 103 
 Indecently = unbecomingly. Od. xvi. 
 140 
 
 Indevirginate = unmarried. H. V. 11 
 Indifferent impartial. II. vi. arg. 
 1 ; xiii. 9 
 
 Indistinguished = undistinguishable, 
 
 plain. II. ix. 301 
 Induction = entrance. Od. vi. 406 
 Inenarrable. II. ii. 422 
 Inevitable = not to be avoided. Hes. 
 
 Bk. i. 142 
 Inexpiate = implacable. II. ix. 493 
 Inexpugnable. II. xxi. 413 
 Infer (to) = to bring in. 11. vii. 183 
 lnfestive = tioublesome. II. viii. 151 
 1 nflamed = set in flames. II. i. 312 
 Inflexive. H. to Mars, 35 
 Influent = attracting. Od. Ep. Ded. 
 
 xlvi. 
 
 Informed = made. II. vi. 122; H. A. 
 575, 779 
 
 Informs = animate. II. xx. 52 (see 
 
 note) ; xxii. 311 
 Infortunate. II. xix. 125 
 Infortune. Od. iii. 234 ; xx. 219 
 Infract. II. ii. 419 
 Ingenerate = born. II. xviii. 323 
 Ingression. Od. vii. 110 
 Inn (to) — to gather in. Hes. Bk. ii. 
 
 158, 364 
 
 Innative. II. iv. 524; Od. v. 37 
 Inquest = search. Od. i. 146 
 Insea'd = inclosed by sea. II. xi. 637 
 Insecution = pursuit. II. xi. 524 ; 
 xxiii. 448 
 
 Inspersion = sprinkling in. II. xi. 452 
 Instruct = fitted. Od. iv. 755 
 Instructed = drawn -up. II. v. 495 
 Insultance. Od. ix. 635 
 Insultation, II. xiii. 556 
 Integuments. II. xxii. 446 ; Od. xvi. 
 619 
 
 Intend = attend to. II. vi. 98; viii. 
 
 80 ; Od. iii. 648 
 Intendments = intentions. II. xvi. 
 
 356 
 
 Intentively^: scrupulously. Od. viii. 
 772 
 
 Interested = placed among. Od. xv. 
 326 
 
 Interminate. Od. vii. 397 
 Interprease = interpose. Od iv. 896 
 Intervent. II. xi. 609 
 Inure = use, commit. II. viii. 311 ; 
 
 Hes. Bk. ii. 490 
 Invitement = invitation. Od. x. 345 
 Involved = rolled in. Jl. ii. 179 
 Irrision = mocking. II. ii. Com. p. Ix. 
 
 line 4. 
 
 J. 
 
 Jacks — jerkins. II. xiii. 637 (see 
 
 note); Bat. 188 
 Jar = quarrel. II. i. 315 ; xiv 176, 177 
 Jet (to) = to strut. Od. xiii. 227 
 Jetty = black. II. ii. 629 
 Junkets. Od. vi. 106 (see note) ; Bat. 
 
 60 
 
 Justs = games, tournaments. Od. vii. 
 
 265; Mus. 412 
 Justled. Od. xix. 229 
 
 K. 
 
 Keels = ships. Od. xxi v. 400 
 Kels = cauls. II. xxiii. 2'23 
 Kelsine = kelson. II. i. 426 
 Kept = dwelt. Od. iv. 1077 
 Kerved = carved. Od. i. 182; iii. 59 
 KitUng = kitten. Od. xii. 137 
 Kymnels = household-tubs. Bat. 54 
 
 L. 
 
 Laboursome. Od. xxii. 634 
 Laced (strait-laced) = strict. II. xii. 
 426 
 
 Lackey = go on foot. II. xiv. 253 ; Od. 
 V. 131 
 
 Landleapers. Od. xvii. 508 (see note) 
 Largess. Od. xvii. 350 
 Laterally. II. xi. 216 ; Od. iii. 614 
 Laver washing vessel. Od. iv. 63 
 Lea veless = leafless. II. ii. 370 
 Leavy = leafy. II. vi. 127. Lea vy gates 
 = folding doors. II. vi. 86 
 
268 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Leech = physician. II. iv. 232 
 Legacy = embassy. II. vii. 349 ; ix. 220 
 Legacy = bequest. II. iv. 373 
 Legate. II. iii. 226 ; ix. arg. 3 
 Lengthful. II. xi. 182 
 Leopard. II. xvii. 15 
 Lets = hindrances. Od, xiii, 38 
 Lewd = dissolute. Od. vi. 318 
 Lib = castrate, Hes. Bk. of Days, 41 
 Libertine = a freeman. II. xvi. 50 
 Lightsome. II. xvii. 319 ; Hes. Bk. ii. 
 58 
 
 Likes = pleases. 11. vii. 29 
 Linne = flax. II. ii. 459 
 Liquorous = lickerous, dainty. Juv. 
 280 
 
 List = wish. Od. iv. 799 
 Li veries = deliveries. II. v. 529 
 Liverings = liver-puddings. Bat. 58 
 Loathes = creates disgust in. II. xiv. 
 74 
 
 Look = appearance. II. i. 200 ; v. 842 
 Loser = destroy er. II. xviii. 109 
 Lucerns. II. xi. 417, 421 (see note) 
 Lurch = deceit. H. H. 336 
 Lust = wish. Od. xiii. 503 
 Luster = den. Od. xvii. 159 
 Lybberds = leopards. H. V. 120 
 
 M. 
 
 Macerate. Epigram, p. 130, line 36 
 
 Malapertly = saucily. Juv. 135 
 
 Mall = beat, Od. xviii. 44 
 
 Mandilion = a soi-t of cloak. II. x. 120 
 
 Mankind = masculine. H. V 119 
 
 Manless = cowardly. II. iii. 39. = in- 
 human. II. ix. 64 
 
 Manlessl}* = inhumanly. II. xxii. 405 
 
 Marine. Od. xxiv. 67 
 
 Maritimal = sea-side. II. xxiii. 50 ; 
 Od. v. 91 
 
 Ma^k (v. n.) = disguise. II. v. 187 
 
 Masterful. II. ii. 410 
 
 Mate (to) = oppose. Od. iv. 218 (see 
 note) 
 
 Maund = basket Od. vi. 105 
 Mazers = cups. Hes. Bk. ii. 564 
 Meated. II. ii. 336 ; viii. 443 
 Mechanicals = mechanics. Od. vi. 422 
 
 Memorised = remembered. II. iii. 48S 
 Mere = entire, one's own. II. vi. 18J^ 
 
 et pa<isim 
 
 Merit (v. a. ) = to reward. II. ix. 258 
 Met = measured. 11. iii. 327 
 Metalline, Od. xxiii. 233 
 Mettle = spirit. II. xxiii. 561 
 Minion (in a bad sense). Od, xviii.. 
 
 557 ; xix. 96 
 Ministress. Mua 100 
 Misease. II. xiii. 521 ; Od. xiii. 139 
 Miss = loss. IL ii. 4 ; xiii. 683; Od. 
 
 xiii. 325 
 
 Mittens = hedging-gloves. Od. xxiv, 
 304 
 
 Moil toil. IL xxiii. 637 
 Moists (v. a.). II. xxii. 428 
 Monied = converted into money. IL 
 xi. 590 
 
 Monster = show. IL iii. 42 
 
 Mows = stacks. Od. xviii. 47 
 
 Mulcts penalty. II. iii. 485 
 
 Murrion. IL x. 227 
 
 Muse = haunt of an animal. IL xi. 368 
 
 N. 
 
 Natural = legitimate. IL iii. 259; 
 
 xiiL 166 ; xvL 182 
 Neat = pure. IL iv. 276 
 Neat = oxen. II. xviii. 480 ^ 
 Neesing = sneezing. Od. xvii. 732 
 Neglective. IL xiv, 356 
 Nephew = grandson. Od. xxiv. 690 
 Nervy. 11. xviL 253 
 Notify = polish. II. ii. Com. p. 56 
 Nock and nooked. II. iv. 133, 138; 
 
 viii. 281 
 
 Noiseful. Od. xxiv. 553 ; Mus, ^29 
 O. 
 
 Objected = presented. Od. xi. 501 
 Observed = preserved. Od. x. 505 
 Occurrents (n. s.). II. xi. 751; xxiv. 
 172 
 
 Ocular = visible. Od. xxiii. 115 
 Odd = unequalled. Od. viii. 397 ; 
 
 xxii. 251 (see Addenda). 
 Offend = strike. IL xiii. 510 
 
INDEX. 
 
 269 
 
 Ope (n. a.). H. xii. 123 
 Opposed = opposite. II. ii. 556 
 Opposite = in contest. II. ii. 519 
 Opprobration. H. H. 605 
 Optimates. II. ix. 322 ; Od. i. 386 
 Orby. II. iii. 357 
 Ordure. II. xxiii. 674 
 Ostent = prodigy. II. ii. 277, 280; 
 
 Od. ii. 249 
 Ostentful. Od. xv. 214 
 Ossifrage = osprey. Od. iii. 506 
 Osspringer = osprey. II. xviii. 557 
 Otherwhere. II. xviii. 450 
 Oughts owed. II. xi. 608 
 Outray = to fly out. II. v. 793 
 Outrays = outrageous. II. xxiii. 506; 
 
 Bat. 80 
 Outscape. Od. ix. 423 
 Outwrought. II. xxii. 119 
 Overgo. Hes. Bk. i. 517 
 Overlaid = covered. II. xxi. 379 
 Overpaise = overbalance. Hes. Bk. 
 
 ii. 439 
 
 Overseen = deceived. II. xiv. arg. 2 
 Overthwart = adverse. II. xxi. 255 
 Overthw^arts (adv. ). II. xxiii. 107 
 Overture — opening. H. H. 41 
 Owe = own. II. ii. 736; Od. ii. 190 
 Oxy. 11. iv. 139 
 
 P. 
 
 Paise = weight, balance. II. xii. 375, 
 430 
 
 Palfrey. Od. vii. 2 
 Palisadoes. II. vii. 366 ; viii. 297 
 Palm deers' horns. II. iv. 124 
 Palm = palm of hand. II. v. 879 
 Pantler = pantry-servant. Juv. 134 
 Paramour. II. xvi. 46 
 Parcel-gilt. Od. xxiii. 438 (see note) 
 Parley. II. iii. 86 
 Parricide. Od. iii. 262 
 Pashed = crushed. II. xiii. 299 
 Passages. II. xxiii. 579 (see note) 
 Pass (to) = surpass. II. ii. 594; iii. 
 
 174 ; Hes. Bk. ii. 497 
 Penury = in want of. Od. xvi. 45 
 
 Perfume (to) II. ii. 349 ; Od. xxiii. 74 
 Pervially = in passing. Bk. ii. Com. 
 
 p. 75 ; xiii. p. 31 
 Petulancy = wantonness. Bat. 264 
 Picked = piked, pointed. II. iv. 126 
 Pile = point, or barb of arrow. II. iv. 
 
 139, 4S8 ; xi. 205 
 Pile = heap. H. A. 40 
 Pinch (to) = press on like dogs. II. v. 
 
 462; viii. 294; Od xix. 318 
 Pine (to), V. a. 11. iii. 194 
 Pined = worn out, withered. 11. v. 
 
 160 
 
 Pittance = small portion. II. xi. 547 
 Plain = complain. V. vi. 345 
 Plained = levelled. II. xii. 42 
 Plaints = complaints. II. xxiii. 32 
 Pianky. II. xii. 442 
 Plashing. H. H. 351 (see note) 
 Plumed = plucked the feathers. Od. 
 XV. 697 
 
 Plumps = crowds. H. A. 213 
 Poitrils = pectorals. II. v. 738; xix, 
 380 
 
 Policies = schemes, stratagems. Od. 
 xxiii. 207 
 
 Polled-off= stripped off. II. xvi. 113 
 
 Portly = grand. Od. iv. 487 
 
 Prease = press, passim 
 
 Prefixed = foredoomed. II. xviii. 414 
 
 Prejudice = loss. II. ix. 351 
 
 Premonitions = notice. Od. ii. 321 
 
 Preposterously. II. v. 584 (see note) 
 
 Presence = demeanour. II. iii. 186 
 
 Presents = represents. II. xvii. 51 
 
 Prest = hired. Od. iv. 861 (see note) 
 
 Prest = ready, passim 
 
 Presumes = presumptions. II. xi. 495 
 
 Pretermit. II. xxiv. 79 
 
 Prevent (to) = anticipate. II. v. 122; 
 
 xvi. 793 
 Prey = booty. II. ii. 205 
 Preyful. H. V. 115 
 Prise = booty. II. i. 119 (see note) 
 Prise = grasp. II. iv. 139 
 Procinct = girding. II. xii. 89 (see 
 
 note) 
 
 Profuse (to), v. a. =pour forth, waste. 
 Od. xxi. 156 
 
270 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Profused — pottred forth. II. xxiv. 
 295 
 
 Proin (to) = to lop off. II. x. 397 ; 
 Od. i. {m ; xxir. 300 
 
 Prollers = wanderers in quest of plun- 
 der, Od. xi. 490 
 
 Propensions = inclinations. H, to 
 Efarth, p. 117, line 12 
 
 Proper = its own. Od. vii 161 
 
 Proposing — holding out. II. i. 14 ; 
 V 471 ; xi. 554 
 
 Proud. See Od, xx. 235 (see note). 
 = luxuriant. Od. xxiii. 289 
 
 Proyning= preening. H. to Phcebus, 
 p. 110 
 
 Puft=-puff. Od. V. 65 J vi. 28 
 Pursenets. See Juv 190 
 Purveyed. Od. i, 180; iii. 646 
 
 Q. 
 
 Quaint = pretty. Od. xiis. 327 (see 
 note) 
 
 Qualitied. II. xiv. 104 
 
 Queach== thicket Od. xix. 610 (see 
 
 note) ; H. A. 375 ; H. to Pan, p. 106 
 Quern =handmill. Od. vii. 139 
 Quick = alive, life. II. vi. 296; xxii. 
 
 332 
 
 Quilt (to). II. X. 230 ; Bat. 190 
 Quite (to) or quit = pay. II. i. 95; 
 
 V. 655 ; X. 23 
 Qui tture = issue, discharge. II. xiv. 
 
 7 ; xxiv. 374 
 
 R. 
 
 Race = rase, scratch. 11. iv. 158 et 
 
 alibi 
 
 Raft reft. II. xi. 332 
 Rage = power, inspiration. II. i. 66 
 Ramped = raged. Od. i. 291 
 Rampire =: rampart. II. iv. 361 ; Od. 
 vii. 61 
 
 Ranch = wrench, tear. II. v. 856 
 
 Randon. Od. v. 422 
 
 Rapeful. II. i. 251 
 
 Rapinous. H. H. 692 
 
 Rapt = snatched. Od. xvii. 618 
 
 Rapting. Bat, 417 
 Rapture = seizure. Od. xiv. 428 
 Rare nearly. Od. vi. 422 
 Rate = estimation, II. i. 109; xx. 287 
 Rates = qualifications, II. iv. 275 
 Rates = consents, ratifications. IL 
 i. 509 
 
 Rate (to)— to ratify. IL Hi. 123 
 
 Ravelin. II. vii. 289 
 
 R>ivine = snatching. Hes, Bk. ii. 573 
 
 Ray = eye. H. H, 368 
 
 Rearfeast = latter portion of feast, 
 
 Od. iv. 286 
 Reave (to) = take by violence, Od. 
 
 Ep Ded. p. 10; Od. xvii 106 
 Recoils defeat. D. xi. 666 
 Re-collect. Od. v. 617 
 Re comfort. II. xxii. 73 ; Od. xiv. 226 
 Re-cure = recovery. II, i. 436 ; v. 898 
 Recured = recovered. II. v. 896 
 Recureleas. II. xvi. 446 
 Recusant. Mus, 227 
 R^demptory. IL i. 94 
 Redition = return. Od. vi, 486 
 Red di ti on = translation , ex planation. 
 
 Bk. ii. Com. pp. 56, 57 
 Reducers = bringers back. Od. xvi, 
 
 296 
 
 Ref ell = refute, repress. IL ix. 36 ; 
 
 Od. xxi. 120 
 Referred = gave back. Od. xviii. 221 
 Reflected = turned back. IL iii. 358 ; 
 
 viL 229; ix. 180 
 Reflection =r turning back. II, xviii, 
 
 404 
 
 Regiment = rule. IL xvi. 168 
 Remember := remind. II. xv. 31 ; Od, 
 X. 592 
 
 Remorse = pity. II. viii. 409 ; Od. 
 iv. a41 
 
 Remorseful = compassionate. II. viii. 
 
 208; Od. iv, 388 
 Remove = removal. IL ii. 134 
 Rendry = giving-up. Od. xxi. 26 
 Renown (to), v. a. II. i. 484 ; viii. 133 
 Renowmed. II. iv. 311 
 Repair =: resort. Od. vi, 207 
 Repeat = repetition. IL xvi. 57 
 Repercussions. H. to Pan, 39 
 
INDEX, 
 
 271 
 
 Hepercussive. H. to Mother of Gods, 
 p. 104 
 
 Reposed = replaced. II. xiii. 591 
 Kepoured. II. x. 175 
 Repressions. II. xi. 472 
 Reprise. 11. xvii, 130 
 Repulse (to) = repel. II. xi. 514; Od. 
 V. 570 
 
 Repulsive. II. xvii. 233 
 Repurchased = regained, IL xxii. 
 343 
 
 Require = seek, enquire. Od. xx, 215 
 Reremouse = bat. Od. xii. 610 
 Resolved = informed. II. iv. 37 
 Resound (n. s.). II. v. 47 
 Respective = respectful II. xi. 689; 
 
 xiii. 373 
 Respectless. Od. iv. 390 
 Resty = restiff. II. v, 234 
 Retire (to) = withdraw. IL iii. 81 ; 
 
 viii, 381 
 
 Retire (n. s.) = retreat, II. xi. 662 
 Retreat = return. II. ix, 143 
 Retreatful. Bat. 96 
 Return (to), v, a. = give account of, 
 
 II. ix. 580 
 Return (to) = restore, bring back. 
 
 Od. xxi. 269 
 Revoked = called back. Od. xxiii. 5 
 Revoluble. IL ii. 256 
 Rew^row. IL vi. 256 
 Rigging = tricking. H. H 512 
 Rock -distaff. Od. vL 77, 479 
 Room place, II. xiL 360 
 Rout = rabble. II. xv. 249 ; Od, viii. 
 
 150 
 
 Roy. Od. V. 140 
 Rub = chance. II. xv. 245 
 Rue — pity. IL xxi. 72 
 Rulf = angry mood, huff, II. xxiii. 
 517 
 
 Ruffinous. II. vi. 457 
 
 Ruin-falL IL xvi. 436 
 
 Ruinate (to) = subvert. IL iv. 42 ; 
 
 Hes. Bk. ii. 523 
 Rundled = rounded. II. vii. 239 
 Rush (to), V. a. IL v. 18 
 Ruts (v. a. ) = routs. Od. xviii. 47 
 Ruth = pity. IL ii. 20; vi. 419 
 
 S. 
 
 Sackful = pillaging. IL ii. 601 
 Sacring = consecrating. H. to Diana, 
 15 
 
 Sad = heavy. IL iv. 526 (see note) 
 Saft = past tense of save. IL v. 112; 
 
 Od iv. 674 
 Saised — seised, filled with. H. to 
 
 Moon, p. 119 
 Saker = falcon. Od. xv. 696 
 Sardinian = sardonic. Od. xx. 457 
 
 (see note) 
 Sattled = settled. Od. xviii. 345 
 Say to take. II. xix. 246 (see note) 
 Scandalling, Od. xxiv. 616 
 Scape (see Escape). H. to Mercury, 
 
 14, p. 106 
 Seconded. Od. xxi. 320 
 Secure = careless. IL x. 437 
 Secureful = protecting. II. viL 209 
 Security = carelessness. IL xiii. 10 
 Seel (to) = sew up the eyes. IL xvi. 
 
 314; Od. xiiL 118 
 Seemless = unseemly. Od. xx. 397 
 Seised of = in possession. Od. i. 340 
 Sence = seven. Od. xii. 518 (see note) 
 Seres = talons, IL viii. 212; Od. iL 
 
 238 
 
 Several = separate. IL ii. 714 
 Severally = separately. IL viii. 348 
 Sewer = carver. IL xxiv. 558 ; Od. i. 
 221 
 
 Shame — modesty. Hes. Bk, i. 122 
 Shamefastness = modesty, Mus. 51 
 Shapeful. Od. xvii. 648 
 Shawms. II. x. 12 
 Sheaf = bundle of arrows. IL iv. 115 
 Sheath = shining appearance? Od. 
 xviii. 231 
 
 Shent = disgrace. Od. xxiii. 341 (see 
 note) 
 
 Shittle = shuttle. Od. v. 86 
 Shive and shivers = slices. Hes. Bk. 
 ii. 98, 99 
 
 Shots = reckoning. Od. i. 352 ; xi. 
 
 545 (see note) 
 Showed = appeared. Od. vi. 381 
 Shrewd = mischievous. IL viii. 233 
 . Shrewish. II. iv. 497 
 
272 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Shrikes = shrieks. II. vii. 403 
 Shrowd = den. H. H. 695 
 Sieged = besieged. II. xi. 367 
 Sincere = pure, unmixed. H. A. 178 
 Skeane = a short sword. H. A. 819 
 Skiff. Od. V. 48 
 
 SlauGfhterous. II. xxi. 27 ; Od. xxiv. 
 600 
 
 Slick = smooth. 11. ii. 680 
 Slick (to). II. xxiii. 2 .9 ; Od vi. 359 
 Smalls rankles. H. V. 143 
 Smoke (to) - discover. Od. iv. 338 ; 
 xi. 712 
 
 Snaky = serpentine. II. ii. 779 
 Snew = past tense of to snow. H. H. 
 884 
 
 Snore = snort. II. x. 420 
 Solemn = ceremonial, sacred. II. xi 
 641 
 
 Solicited = vexed. II. xvi 10 
 Solicitous = anxious. II. xviii. 2 
 Soothe truth. II. iv. 343 
 Sorcerous = containing enchantments. 
 
 Od. x. 376 
 Sorrel = reddish colour. II. xi. 590 
 Sort = number (or as we say lot). II. 
 
 iv. 460 ; V. 461 
 Sort = fate. 11. xii. 331 
 Sort (to) = happen. II. xxiii. 294 
 Sorted = fated. Od. xvii. 203 
 Soundful. Od. viii. 359 
 Spakey = specky , rotten. Juv. 273 
 Sparseth = disperses. II. xi. 268 
 Spelt = a kind of corn. Od. iv. 803 
 Spersed. 11. xi. 558 
 Spinster = a spinning woman. II. xii. 
 
 42d 
 
 Spiny = thin, thorny. II. iii. 161 (see 
 
 Addenda to third edition) 
 SpiritfuL II. xii. 194 
 Spleen = anger. II. iii. 103; viii. 420 
 Spleenless = kind. Od. xiii. 247 
 Spoil = spoiler. II. iv. 467 
 Spoilful = destructive. II. viii. 180; 
 
 Od. iii. 437 
 Spring = race. H. A. 554 
 Spring (to) = produce. 1.1. xxiv. 494 
 Springall. Bat. 379 
 Sprout = shoot, offspring. 11. iii. 131 
 
 Spurry. II. xix. 367 
 Spurs = incitements. II. x. 103 
 Stablish=: settle. 11. xi. 93 
 Stale = stele, shaft of arrow. II. iv. 
 173 
 
 Stares = starlings. II. xv. 541 
 Start = past tense of to start. II. 
 
 xviii. 483 ; Od. ii. 581 
 States = princes. II. ii. 69 ; Od. i. 329 
 Stead = place of a thing, such as 
 
 homestead, navelstead, girdlestead, 
 
 chamberstead 
 Stere = to stir. Od. xxi. .324 
 Stern-part= breast (ar^pvov). II. iv. 
 
 568 
 
 Sterved = starved. II. xviii. 144 
 Sting = impulse. II. viii. 252 ; xiii. 233 
 Stitch = stich, furrow. II. xviii. 495-7 
 Stomach = be angry, haughty. II. v. 
 491 
 
 Stomach = courage. II. ix. 335^ 
 Sconage. Hes. Bk. ii. 376 
 Stool-ball Od. vi. 139 
 Stoop (to), V. a. II. vi. 408 ; xvii. 591 
 Strains = families, race. Od. i. 344 ; 
 
 H. A. 231 
 Strait-laced = constrained. II. xii. 426 
 Straited = straitened. 11. xiv. 28 
 Strakes = iron with which wheels are 
 
 bound. 11. XX. 347 
 Strappled = entangled. II. xvi. 438; 
 
 H. H. 720 
 Streaked = stretched. Od. ix. 416 ; 
 
 xii 148 
 
 Strip (to) = to pass by rapidl3^ H. A. 
 641 
 
 Stroy = destroy. II. xx. 37 
 Strouted = swelled. II. i. 464 
 Stub = short stock. II. xxiii. 305 
 Study = deep thought. H. H. 546 
 Stupid = astonished. Od. xiii. 247 
 Stupidity = astonishment. Od. vi. 252 
 Submitted = placed under. II xix. 258 
 Substanced. Od. iv. 119 
 Subtile = fine. II ix. 629 
 Sumpture = splendour, expense. H. H. 
 128 
 
 Suppliance = assistance. II. viii. 321. 
 = supplication. II. xviii. 402 
 
INDEX, 
 
 273 
 
 Suppty = compensation. II. i. 116 
 Supportful. Od. xxiii. 182 
 Supposes = suppositions. Od. xvii. 
 769 
 
 Surcease. II. vii. 45 
 
 Surcharged. II. iv. 243 
 
 Surcuidrie = over- weening pride. II. 
 
 xvii. 20 (see note) 
 Surrebound. II. xxi. 361 
 Survival. Od. xvii. 711 
 Suspect = suspicion. II. i. 546; x. 210 
 Swathbands. H. A. 179, 190; H. H. 
 
 33 
 
 Sweet =: suite. H. H. 244 
 Swet = past tense of sweat. Od. iv. 
 48 ; xi. 64 
 
 T. 
 
 Taint = blame. II. xiii. 235 
 
 Taint = touch, attempt. II. iii. 374 
 
 (see note) ; vii. 223 
 Taint (to) = to hit, touch. II. viii. 259 ; 
 
 xi. 478, 574 ; xiii. 449 ; Bat. 73 
 Take = overtake. Hes. Bk. ii. 511 
 Take-in (to) = conquer. 11. ii. 10, 54, 
 
 119 
 
 Tamrick = tamarisk. II. x. 395 
 Tapish (to) = hide, seek cover. II. 
 xxii. 158 
 
 Tapistries = coverts, hiding-places. 
 
 H. to Pan, 25 
 Targeteers = armed with target. II. 
 
 ii. 339 ; viii. 178 
 Tarriance = delay. Od. iv. 507 
 Taste (to) = to try, test. Od. xxi. 211 
 Temper (to) = to' moderate. Od. vi. 
 
 497 
 
 Tendered = regard with kindness. II. 
 
 xxiv. 670 
 Tennis. Od. v. 431 
 Thankless = not grateful to. II. iii. 12 
 Thirsted = desired. II. v. 694 ; Od. 
 
 iii. 393 
 
 Thirsty = desirous. II. v. 850 
 Thrall bond, subject. H. H. 924; 
 
 H. V. 181 
 Threaves = numbers. II. xi. 477 
 Throat = voices, noises. II. ii. 396 
 
 Throated = uttered. II. xiii. 135 
 Thrumbs = ends of weavers' threads. 
 
 II. xvi. 20 
 Tiller = bow. H. A. 13 
 Timeless — untimely. II. v. 557 ; vi. 
 
 349 
 
 Tincture = colour. H. to Juno, p. 103 
 Touch = feeling. II. xiii. 433 
 Transcended = climbed. Od. xvii. 
 377 
 
 Transcension — passing over. H. V. 
 487 
 
 Trebled = whined. H. H. 645 
 Tress = trace. 11. xxiii. 412 
 Trim =: order, disposition. II. v. 365 
 Trim^geer. Od. v. 233; xiii. 228; 
 
 H. A. 245, 318, 639 
 Trim = dress. Od. vi. 233 
 Troublous. II. xix. 328 
 Trundlebed. Od. vii. 48 
 Truss = accoutrement. II. x. 19 
 Truss (to) = to seize and wound. II. 
 
 xxii. 124 
 Trussed = harassed. II. xii. 237 
 Tumble (to), v. a. II. xi. 282 ; xii. 23 
 Tutoress. H. H. 929 
 Twinks = twitters. Od. xxi. 548 
 Twybill = a kind of halberd. II. xv. 
 
 656 
 
 Tyring. See note on II. i. 422 
 
 U. 
 
 Unaltered = unalterable. Od. v. 148 
 Unbuild. II. xiii. 561 
 Unconquered = invincible. II. x. 425 ; 
 xvi. 451 
 
 Uncontained = irrestrainable. 11. i. 93 
 Uncontrolled = uncontrollable. II. iii. 
 257 
 
 Uncore = uncover. Od. xvii. 194 (see 
 note) 
 
 Undeadly. II. xi. 390 
 Underdive. Od. xi. 198 
 Undergore. II. xiv. 408 
 Underput. II. xxi. 342 
 Undifferencing. H. H. 1006 
 Undiked. II. xv. 341 
 
274 
 
 INDEX, 
 
 Undisplaid = not to be discovered. 
 
 H. H. 711 
 Unended = endless. II. vi. 397 
 Unequal = unjust. Od. xiii. 28 
 Unexcogitable. H. H. 157 
 Unextinguished = inextinguishable. 
 
 II. xxii. 83 
 Unfiery. II. vii. 84 
 Un frighted = not to be frightened. 
 
 11. xvii. 286 
 Ungear (to). II. xi. 536 
 Ungentle. II. i. 337 ; Od. xi. 218 
 Unheired = without an heir. II. v. 25 
 Unhorse. II. iv. 325 
 Uiiimpeached = unimpeachable. II. 
 
 vii. 267 ; ix. 383 
 Unleft = not left. II. ii. 622 
 Unlettered. 11. ii. 774 
 Unmatched = matchless. Od. xi. 617 
 Unmeasured = immeasurable. II. ii. 
 
 78 alihi 
 
 Unpassionate = impartial. Od. x. 242 
 Unpleased = implacable. II. ix. 538 
 Unrecovered — irrecoverable. II. ix. 
 247 
 
 Unreached = that cannot be reached. 
 
 II xiii. 748 
 Un re morseful = unpi tying. 11. ix. t)97 
 Unremoved = firm, irremovable. II. 
 
 xvii. 379 
 
 Unreproved = irreproachable. II. i. 87 
 Unresisted = irresistible. II. viii. 122 
 Unrest. II. xi. 340 ; Od. i. 6^1 
 Unruled = not to be ruled. II. ix. 
 
 162 ; Od. iv. 925 
 Unsatisfying = unsatisfactory. H. to 
 
 Pan, 71 
 Unsepulchred. II. xxii. 331 
 Unsheathe pull out. II. v. 705 
 Unsilenced = not to be silenced. Od. 
 
 Ep. Ded. p. xlvi. 
 Unsuffered^ insufferable. II. iii. 6 
 Unsure. Od. xvi. 493 
 Untamed = not to be tamed. II. ii. 
 
 133 
 
 Unthought-on. II. xxii. 331 
 Uuthrifts. Hes. Bk. ii. 170 
 Untrussed = with hose untied. Juv. 
 
 Unturned = not to be turned. II. viii. 
 165 
 
 Unvalued — invaluable. II. i. 12 
 Upbraids (n. s.). II. vi. 389 
 Upland = country. II. xiii. 523 ; Od. 
 i. 315 
 
 Uplandish rustical. II. xxiii. 43 
 Ure = use. II. xvii. 545 
 Usually = won tedly. 11. ix. 507 
 Utter = outer. Od. iv. 24 
 
 V. 
 
 Vail = to lower. Final poem to 
 
 Odyssey, 10 
 Vall = dit<3h. II. iv. 479 
 Vanguard. II. iv. 267 ; viii. 188 
 Vaunt (n. 8.) = boast. II. ii. 523 
 Vent (to) — to give birth to. II. xix. 
 
 97 
 
 Vent (to)=:to give way to. II. xix. 
 ^406-7 
 
 Vinnoware = winnower. Hes. Bk. of 
 
 Days, 66 
 Virtuous = valorous. II. xiii. 148 
 Voiceful. II. iii. 263 
 Voluntary = musical term. H. H. 851 
 Vulturous = voracious. Juv. 77 
 
 W, 
 
 Waggoness. II. V. 838 
 Wan = wand. Od. xi. 163-4 
 Wavy. II. ii. 446 
 Wayless = pathless. Od. ii. 547 
 Wealthy. II. iii. 220 ; Od. iii. 478 
 Weed = dress. II. ii. 33, &c., &c. 
 Well-rode = well-riding. II. iii. 269 
 Wench = young woman. II. i. 295; 
 
 Od. iv. 977 (see note) 
 Whisking, Od. xxiv. 602 
 Whirlpits. II. xx. 75 
 Whitleather. II. xxii. 341 (see Ad- 
 denda to third edition) 
 
INDEX, 
 
 275 
 
 Whorlbats. 11. xxiii. 53 (see Ad- 
 denda to third edition) ; Od. viii. 
 285 
 
 Whuling^ howling. Od. xii. 135 
 Wishful. Od. ix. 55 
 Wishly. II. xi. 522 
 WithdraA^ n-room. Od. xxiii. 8 
 Witty = wise. II. v. 66 
 Wiving. H. V. 414 
 Wrackful. Od. xiii. 209 
 Wraths (plural). II. iii. 354 
 
 Wreak = revenge (a common word). 
 
 II. iii. 25 ; Od. i. 583 
 Wreakful = revengeful. II. vii. 184; 
 
 Od. i. 396 
 Wreath = croAvn. II. iii. arg. 8 ; 
 
 xxiii. 578 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yare=: ready, quick. II. v. 727 
 Yet while. II. ix. 259 
 Yoted = soaked. Od. xix. 7 
 
 VKlNG^ED BY JAMES BELL AT THE PKIOKY fRES:i, 
 
 48, ST, .tohn's sqi'are, clerkenwell, e.g. 
 
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