Part I. 
 
 1st July, 1840. 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 OF 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH. 
 
 URWVS AXD liNGRAVED BV 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLE R. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. R-tLPH DE Knevynton, 13/0. In Aveley Church, Essex. 
 
 2. A Notary. Temp. Edward IV. In St. Mary Tower Church, Ipswich. 
 
 3. Archbishop Harsnett. 1631. In Chigwell Church, Essex. 
 
 4. A Kn,ght of the Cheyne Fam.ly. Cu-ca 1360. In Drayton Beauchamp Church, Bucks 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the JMonumental Brasses of the Middle 
 Ages. t w,II consist of about thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month 
 
 f:Zc::i^rt:r^ ^" '° - '^"'"^ ^--^ -^"^"^^ 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant paper. Price 8*. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT ROW, BERMONDSEY ■ 
 W. PICKERING, CHANCERY LANE, J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 J. WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
I 
 
 5uiatrtllat)uij)|iie!tiflTiEipmtoii.oWus^ 
 
 itrnitnt loiue; antf ftftufn pi^olai ^Qapi 
 
 I 
 
 A.D. 1?;0 t-iui: III 
 
QvoD iPsissmvM Epitaphivm ex abvndanti 
 
 HVMILITATE SIBI PON I TESTAMEINTO CVRAVIT 
 ReVERENDISSIMVS PR/t,SVL 
 
 SI3N331M^ON 
 
 In Chi^wifll ChurcJi. Essex. 
 
I 
 
 'I 
 
Part II. 
 
 1st September, 1840. 
 
 Price Gs. 
 
 V- A SERIES 
 
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 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH. 
 
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 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. A Priest and a Frankelein. Temp. Edward III. In Shottesbrook Church, Berks. 
 
 2. CHRISTOPHER Urswick, Priest. 1.521. In Hackney Church, Middlesex. 
 
 3. Sir Robert de Bures. Temp. Edward I. In Acton Church, Suffolk. 
 
 4. Nicholas Cantevs. 14.'il. In Margate Church. Kent. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classifj- the Monumental Brasses of the Middle 
 Ages. It will consist of about thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month. 
 Descriptive Letter-press will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are pubhshed to form 
 a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant paper, Price 8s. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PllOSPECT ROW, BERMOXDSEY i 
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Part III. 
 
 1st November, 1840. 
 
 PuioE 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
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 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
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 91.1 
 
 >In Little Horkeslev Church, Essex. 
 12. J 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. Sir Robert Swynborne. 1391- 
 Sir Thomas Swynborne. 1412 
 
 2. EsMOUND DE BuRNEDisH, PHest. Temp. Edward HI. In Brundish Church, Suffolk. 
 
 3. Sir John D'Aubernoun. 1306. In Stoke D'Abernon Church, Surrey. 
 
 4. Compartment from the Brass of Adam de Walsokne. 1349. In St. Margaret's Church, 
 
 Lvnn Reeris. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle 
 Ages. It will consist of about thirty Parts ; a Part to be published every alternate month. 
 Descriptive Letter-press will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form 
 a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant paper, Price 8s. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT ROW, BERMONDSEY; 
 W. PICKERING, CHANCERY LANE; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 J. WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 tiniiv' i:iim. in 
 hi BrmnJisli Ckurch, Suffolk. 
 
 J 
 
Part IV. 
 
 1st January, 1841. 
 
 Pkice 6s. 
 
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 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. John Leventhorp, Esq., and Lady. 1433. In Sawbridgeworth Church, Herts. 
 
 2. Sir Roger de Trumpington. 1289- In Trumpington Church, Cambridgeshire. 
 
 3. Sin Peter Arderne and Lady. Circa 1465. In Latton Church, Essex. 
 
 4. William de Grenefeld, Archbishop of York. 1315. In York Minster. 
 
 Tlie object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle 
 Ages. It will consist of about thirty Parts; a Part to be pubhshed every alternate month. 
 Descriptive Letter-press will be issued when a sufEcient number of Plates are published to form 
 a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant paper. Price 8s. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT EOW, BERMONDSEY ; 
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Part V. 
 
 1st Makch, 1841. 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
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 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
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 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. Compartment from the Brass of Adam de Walsokne. Plate II. 
 
 2. William de Rothewelle, Archdeacon op Essex. 1361. 
 
 In Rothwell Church, Northamptonshire. 
 
 3. Sir Peter Legh and Lady. 1527. In Winwick Church, Lancashh-e. 
 
 4. Sir John Say and Lady. 1473. In Broxbourn Church, Hertfordshire. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle 
 Ages. It will consist of about thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month. 
 Descriptive Letter-press will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form 
 a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant paper. Price 8s. 
 
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SUR JOMH SAT &■ ILiABX 
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 " Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives. 
 Live regiater'd upon our Brazen Tomb9." 
 
 Sfiakspeare, 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. It is intended also to comprise a few Engraved Stones, which, being similar in the mode of 
 execution and differing only in material, appear to come within the design of the Work. In the selection of the Sirhjects regard 
 is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archieology more interesting to the student than tliat which embraces the invesrigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and IGth centuries, every subject is replete with instruction i— whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility."— Ginti.em.1!i's Magazine. 
 
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 will he issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form a connected portion. 
 
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1 
 
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 ] 
 
SBaat^mctiiariitrioi!. . ^ j^i'.iaituQfi^tgmaiims-^ic.mtarintiisiLDu^ 
 
 Slim ](S.Bia2HfA]LiU jE'E Cia!:BiMABK. 
 la LlngfieldCliurdi, Surrey. 
 
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 " Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live regiater'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. It is intended also to comprise a few Engraved Stones, which, being similar iji the mode of 
 execution and differing only in material, appear to come within the design of the Work. In the selection of the Subjects regard 
 is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archteology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of pas 
 
 15th and 16th 
 or as affordinff a glani 
 the Monumental Brass 
 The Work will c 
 will be issued when a s 
 
 From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 Pi^fry siibjpct if ri-plp-tp with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 nt ti'f ni-t* nnd cnstfim'* nf former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 ^ooDoooD a parnmniii't dPTPC of valuB and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
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I i 
 
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 ^1 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 ' Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live register'd upon our Brazkn Tombs." 
 
 Sha/tspeare. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. It is intended also to comprise a few Engraved Stones, which, being similar in the mode of 
 execution and differing only in material, appear to come within the design of the Work. In the selection of the Subjects regard 
 is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no Ijranch of Ajcheeology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 IStli and IGth centuries, every subject is replete with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as aflbrding a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 The Work will consist of about Thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month. Descriptive Letter -press 
 will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant Paper, price 8*. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT ROW, BERMONDSEY i 
 W. PICKERING, CHANCERY LANE; J. B, NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 J. WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
r^tifis q flafff:^ ^rp jj lop €ojp t <Et)»morr|ti nf^ tirfoi ifils lancp 
 Jp'pSi titniy 4)nr_ fl)antf q hf lo' ahufg ait fl)eTfr arnrtx 
 ®bi)t m Dir iSff Qporgf Miio i@biniut>t^;9^tloT)€Vba9rliftr 
 
 In Stot(« Fleming Church. Dcvonohite. 
 
Part J 
 
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 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 WITH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 
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 " Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live register'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 Shakspeore. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. It is intended also to comprise a few Engraved Stones, -which, being similar in the mode of 
 execution and differing only in material, appear to come within the design of the Work. In the selection of the Subjects regard 
 is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the importance of the individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archeology more interesting to the student than that wliich embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15tli and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as aflording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of lieraldic knowledge which it furnishes 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazijie. 
 
 The \^'■ork will consist of about Thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month. Descriptive Letter-press 
 will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant Paper, price 8s. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT ROW, BERMONDSEY ; 
 W. PICKERING, CHANCERY LANE; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT .STREET; 
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 1. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 " Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live regiater'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 The object of tliis Work is to illustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. It is intended also to comprise a few Engraved Stones, which, being similar in the mode of 
 execution and differing only in material, appear to come within the design of the Work. In the selection of the Subjects regard 
 is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archfcology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 ■if the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the septdchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility."— Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 The Work will consist of about Thirty Parts; a Part to be published every alternate month. Descriptive Letter-press 
 will be issued when a sufficient number of Plates are published to form a connected portion. 
 
 Large paper copies, printed on Double Elephant Paper, price 8s. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER, 21, PROSPECT HOW, BERMONDSEY; 
 W. PICKERING, CHANCERY LANE; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 J. WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
A SERIES 
 
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 THIRTEENTH TO THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY. 
 
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 s est autetn, qiiem noii moveftt clariasimis monumentis lestata consignalaque antiquitas'. 
 
 Cicero — De Divinatione. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 WILLIAM PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY (LATE OF CHANCERY LANE); 
 J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
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 1842. 
 
A SERIES 
 
 MONUMENTAL BRASSES. 
 
 Hv §01)11 ©'91uiin-noun. 
 
 Circa A.D. 1277- 5°. ^EiittiarD: I. 
 
 In woven maile a.11 armed warily, 
 
 HE BRASS of Sir John D'Aubernoun is considered to be the earliest example of this kind 
 of sepulchral monument now in existence. The name of Aubernonn was probably derived 
 from a manor or village, situate on the river Aube, which runs through part of Picardy, 
 Champagne, and Burgundy. We are in no condition to speak of the family before their 
 connection with this country, but Roger D'Abemon came over to England in the expedition 
 of the Conqueror, probably in the train of the nobleman who subsequently obtained the title 
 of Richard of Tonbridge, Earl of Clare. Sharing in the general division of territory amongst his Norman 
 companions, Roger was, at the compilation of Domesday Book, settled in Surrey, under the Earl just 
 alluded to, of whom he then held the manors of Molesham and Aldbury, respectively valued at 70s. and £'J. 
 He shortly afterwards became possessed of manors in Feteham and Stoke, at which latter he fixed his 
 residence, and gave it the distinctive appellation which it bears unchanged to this day. 
 
 The next of whom we find any account is Ingelram, probably the grandson of Roger; in 1131, 
 31' Hen. I. he had a writ of pardon from the King on payment of si.xty-one shiUings.' Some difficulty is 
 now experienced in continuing the descent ; but four brothers, Ingeh-am, Richard, Walter, and William, who 
 are mentioned many years afterwards, were perhaps the grandsons of Roger. In the reign of John the latter two 
 were engaged in a law suit with Ralph de Clare, a minor, in respect of the third part of a Knight's fee at 
 Lesham in Hampshire, claimed by the latter as his right after the death of one Hawysia de Gurnay, whose dowry 
 it was, and by whom it had been granted to Ingelram.'' In 1206, Richard was dead, and Walter was declared his 
 heir : = this Walter bore arms against King John in the arduous struggle for Magna Charta, and had his 
 lands in Hampshire seized by the King and granted to n stranger.'' Ingelram had long been dead, leaving 
 three sons ; Roger, the eldest, married Atheline, daughter of Sir Wilham Peverel," and had a grant 2° John of 
 lands at Duxworth and . Chesterford, in the county of Cambridge ; ' in the succeeding year he paid twenty 
 shillings to the King for scutage.s Ingelram, sou and heir of this Roger, died in 1235, when the sheriff of 
 Surrey was commanded by writ, dated 17th December, to take possession of his estates for the King.h 
 Jordan D'Abemon was his cousin and next heir, but he released to GLbert the uncle of Ingeh-am, who In 
 that year did fealty for the same to the King," Richard Earl of Gloucester and Clare, who was 'lord of 
 the fee, being then under age. The same year he also paid forty marks for his relief of his lands, being 
 four Knights' fees, and holden of the said Earl as of his honour of Clare.' Gilbert died possessed hereof in 
 the year following, when John de Gatesden paid a fine of one hundred and twenty marks for the custody of 
 his lands, and the wardship and marriage of his heir.' The name of this heir was John, the first of the 
 family so called, who died previous to 7' Edward I. 1279, in which year John his son, upon being summoned 
 to answer a writ of }«o warraato respecting his right of free warren, Sc. in the county of Surrey, produced 
 a grant of 37° Henry III. made to his father." This second John died in 1327," leaving a son and heir of 
 the same name, who was also required to give proofs of his manorial rights in 1331, when his claim was 
 admitted by virtue of the grant to his grandfather." WiEiam, his son and heir, succeeded, and died in 1358p 
 without male issue, whereupon the representation of the family became vested in the female line. 
 
 The chancel of Stoke Dabernon Church contains three gravestones within the altar rails, and as they 
 happen to commemorate the only three members of the family who bore the christian name of John, the 
 task of identifying is greatly faeihtated : that on the south side is inlaid with the Brass now under consideration, 
 and the legend encircHng the slab in Longobardic characters, 
 
 * SIRe : lOHSN : DSVBeRNOVN : CHIVSLeR : EI8T ; ICY : 
 Dev : De : STt : SLCDG ; GYT : CCeRCY. 
 leaves no doubt of its representing Sir John D'Aubernoun the first of the name. The centre stone bears 
 
 . Mag. Rot. Pip. b Abbrev. Pkc. llJoh. . Ibid. 7 and 8 Job. d Rot. Lit. Clam. 17 Job 
 
 . Manning and Braj, II. p. 721. t Rol. Cliarl. £ Rol. Cane. 3 Job. !■ Rot. Fin. 19 Hen III 
 
 1 Exoorpt. Eol. Fin. ib. k R„,. Pip. ft. 1 Rot. Pip. 20 Hen. III. Teila de NcviU. n Pkc. Qno War. 7" Edw I 
 
 ° Eac. I Edw. III. . piac. Quo War. 4 Edw. III. r Esc. 32 Eilw. III. 
 
A.D. 1277. 
 
 SIR JOHN D'AUBERNOUN. 
 
 5° ©BtDSrU: I. 
 
 another Brass in the military costume of Edward the Second's reign, and must be referred to Sir John, son 
 of the above : " whilst the tliird stone has merely an inscription and a coat of arms, the bearing upon 
 which proves it to commemorate the last of the same name. 
 
 It has been already observed that our Sir John D'Aubernoun, at the death of his father Gilbert in 
 1236, was a minor in the custody of John de Gatesden; his exact age at this time is not ascertained, but 
 he was not far short of attaining his majority, since he had a daugliter, Alice, who only fourteen years 
 after the above period, paid a fine of two marks to the King for a writ of atteint.*" 
 
 The christian name of his wife was Aveline or Alyne : she was descended from a family of consequence 
 in the midland part of England, and brought to her husband considerable property in the counties of 
 Leicester*^ and Derby,'' In 1253, Sir John D'Aubernoun obtained a royal grant of free warren or right of 
 chase in all his demesne lands in the manors of Stoke D'Abernon, Fetcham, Aldbury, and Hedlegh, in the 
 county of Surrey, Pabenliam in Bedfordshire, and Teyngton in Devon.^ Other manorial privileges had been 
 attached to the family estates from time immemorial, such as view of frank pledge, and the correction of 
 the assise of bread and ale. 
 
 About the year 1264 he served the office of Sheriff for the counties of Surrey and Sussex, and as at this 
 time the war between Henry 111. and his barons was at its height, the responsibihty of his situation was 
 more than usually onerous. In what way he was affected during these great civil commotions there is no 
 means of ascertaining, nor is it certain whether he held his office by royal appointment, or that of Simon 
 de Montfort, whose power had now reached its zenith ; the Provisions of Oxford, established seven years 
 before, had ordained that the sheriffs should be annually elected by the freeholders in each county, but 
 these directions were disregarded at pleasure, even by those who had been foremost in their enactment, 
 and when the Leicester faction had obtained an authority httle short of the crown, they appointed their 
 own creatures sheriffs, took possession of the royal castles and fortresses, and even named aH the officers 
 of the King's household/ It would be interesting to ascertain the part taken by Sir John D'Aubernoun, 
 when, as sheriff of the county, he could scarcely have remained an indifferent spectator of ,the battle of 
 Lewes, fought on the 14th of May 1264, which completed the triumph of the ambitious Leicester, and the 
 degradation of the unfortunate Henry. 
 
 It followed as a natural consequence of the disturbed state of the nation, that the internal government 
 of the country was utterly neglected, and a suit that was instituted a^inst Sir John D'Aubernoun in 
 49th Henry III. 1265, is strikingly illustrative of the universal disorder. It appears from the evidence taken 
 on the occasion, that one WiUiam Hod, a merchant of Bofiet in Normandy, had shipped to Portsmouth ten 
 hogsheads of woad, which were immediately seized by certain robbers and carried off to Guildford, whither 
 Hod followed in pursuit, regained possession of his property, and lodged it for safe custody in the castle there j 
 but the woad had no sooner been thus placed in secure wardship, when a certain Nicholas Picard, William the 
 Vintner (Vine?, pro vinetarius) of Kingston, and others unknown, came from Normandy and demanded the 
 instant delivery of the woad for the use of a third party, who now appear for the first time, viz. Stephen 
 Bukerel and others. On receiving a refusal to their request, they threatened to return with three hundred 
 armed horsemen, and destroy the whole town by fire, and on the morrow, two hundred actually did come 
 as if with the intention of executing their threat. In this serious state of affairs, one Nicholas, who is 
 called the clerk of Sir John D'Aubernoun, in fact his undersheriff, became alarmed, not more for the danger 
 which menaced the town, than because he himself had possessions, and what was dearer, a wife and children 
 residing a few miles off at Ditton ; he therefore at once delivered up the property to its lawless demandants, 
 without requiring them to proceed vi el armis. Sir John D'Aubernoun was of course hable for the acts of 
 his undersheriff, and a verdict was returned against him for 120 marks, the value of the woad.^ 
 
 It is difficult clearly to understand the nature of this outrage, and there seems little doubt that it was 
 rather a question of contested right to the property than a common robbery, but the Stephen Bukerel 
 mentioned in the pleadings was charged three years afterwards with having pillaged the houses of one John 
 Renger, in Enfield, Edmonton, Mimms and Stepney. The most singular feature of the case is, that so large 
 a body of men should be allowed to assemble, and openly to threaten the destruction of a considerable county 
 town and the seizure of a fortified castle, unless certain illegal demands were complied with. It might have 
 been expected that Sir John D'Aubernoun, whose residence at Stoke was but a few miles from Guildford, 
 would, in the day that elapsed, have been able to raise an adequate posse comitatus to meet the emergency; 
 but there is, unfortunately, too much evidence to shew that similar outrages were far from uncommon, both 
 before and after the period at which the above transaction took place. The Clironicle of Dunstaple says, 
 that men were never secure in their houses, and that whole villages were often plundered by bands of 
 robbers, even when no cinl wars prevailed in the kingdom; and in 1249, some years before the insurrection 
 of the barons, two merchants of Brabant came to the King at Winchester, and told him that they had been 
 spoiled of all their goods by certain robbers, whom they knew, because they saw their faces every day at 
 his court ; that like practices prevailed all over England, and travellers were continually exposed to the 
 danger of being robbed, bound, wounded, and murdered; that these crimes escaped with impunity, because 
 the ministers of justice themselves were in a confederacy with the robbers, and that they, for their part, 
 instead of bringing matters to a fruitless trial by law, were willing, though merchants, to decide their cause 
 with the robbers by arms and a duel. 
 
 Tliere is httle more to be said respecting Sir John D'Aubernoun ; he again served the office of sheriff 
 about the year 1266, and appointed one Walter Dru to pass the accounts of his shrievalty at the Exchequer.'' 
 
 a Engraved ia Stothard's Monumental EfEgiea. b Hot. Fin. 34° Hen. III. c Rot. Fin. 38" Hyn. III. 
 
 d Rot. Fin. 55° Hen. III. ^ Cal. Rot. Chart. f Hume, Chap. XII. g Abbrev. Pl.ic. 49 Hen. HI. 
 
 Ii Madox's History of the Extheqiier, p. 280. 
 
A.D. 12/-. 
 
 SIR JOHN D'AUBERNOUN. 
 
 5" CJIrtoflrB: I. 
 
 After this time he is not publicly mentioned; the exact date of his death is unknown, but it most probably 
 took place in 1277, as in the year following his son was distrained to receive knighthood by virtue of 
 holding lands in the county of Surrey.* 
 
 Of the extent of his property there appears to be no official record, but the following statement probably 
 includes the whole. In Surrey, he held the manors of Stoke D'Abernon, Aldhury, Fetcham (with the 
 advowson of the church), Hedley, and Letherhead, as of the honour of Clare. In Bedfordshire, he held 
 lands at Pabenham, as of the honour of Pembroke, vrith the right of fishing for a certain distance in the 
 river Ouse; the number of his tenants here was thirty-one: he had a similar number on his manor of 
 Duxford^ in Cambridgeshire, and part of Chesterford in the same county was his also. In Devonshire, he 
 held the manor of Teignton Drew, with the advowson of the church; and he had estates in right of his 
 wife, in the counties of Derby and Leicester, which we are unable to particularize. 
 
 The Brass of Sir John D'Aubernoun is the only example of the time of Edward I. that is not cross- 
 legged; and if this attitude were assumed only for such as had ser\-ed in the Holy Land, or were under a 
 vow to do so, it follows that Sir John never devoted himself to that cause. He is entirely enveloped in a 
 suit of interlaced chain mail; the body is covered by a hauberk with sleeves, a hood or coif de mailles is drawn 
 over the head, and chausses protect the legs and feet; at the knees are genouUieres of plate ornamented 
 with roses, and the spurs are of the plain pryck form. Over all is worn a loose surcoat with a fringed border ; 
 it is confined at the waist by a plaited cord, below which it opens in front and falls on either side in ample 
 folds. An enriched guige passing over the right shoulder supports on the opposite side a heater shield, 
 emblazoned with armorial bearings; the ornament on the guige consists alternately of a rose and the cross 
 called the " fylfot. A broad belt, slightly ornamented, suspends the sword, the pommel of which is curiously 
 worked, with a cross in the centre ; the scabbard is plain. A lance passes under the right arm, the shaft 
 resting on the ground ; immediately below the head is affixed a pennon charged with the arms of its owner. 
 The feet rest on a Hon couchant, who holds the bottom of the lance between his paws, and grasps the staff 
 with his teeth : the manner in which this is represented is extremely natural. 
 
 Sir John D'Aubernoun bore, Azure, a chevron Or : the azure colour is represented by a clear blue 
 enamel still perfect ; each piece was fixed separately into a thin plate of copper, before being inserted in 
 Its place on the Brass, At the head of the stone were originally two small shields of which one only 
 remains : the inscription is engraved on the slab in Longobardic capitals, and, a part of the stone being 
 worn, a few letters are scarcely discernible; the indents were filled with letters of brass, which are now 
 seldom found remaining.'' 
 
 Considered as a work of art, it will be found that the figure is ill-proportioned, but the arrangement of the 
 drapery judiciously contrived ; whilst, as a production of the 
 burin, this Brass is not excelled by any posterior example : each 
 link of the mail is distinctly represented, and the mere work 
 of graving up so large a surface, must have cost many weeks 
 of patient labour : it is much to be regretted that so inter- 
 esting a monument is in a great measure concealed by the 
 rails of the communion table, especially as a trifling alteration 
 would lay open to view the first example that can now be 
 referred to of this imperishable and valuable class of monu- 
 mental records. 
 
 The engraving at the side is taken from a Brass, of which 
 a printed impression is now in the possession of Sir Samuel 
 Rush Meyrick at Goodrich Court, but whether the original still 
 exists has not been ascertained : it represents the demi-figure 
 of a Knight in chain mail, and clearly belongs to the reign 
 of Edward I. although of a later date than the figure of Sir 
 John D'Aubernoun, The head rests on two cushions : the 
 hands, which appear to be holding a heart, are protected 
 by gloves formed of overlapping pieces resembling scales : 
 to the shoulders are affixed ailettes or little wings, which were 
 first introduced in the early part of this re'gn, and will be 
 further illustrated in the succeeding article ; they are generally 
 charged with the armorial bearings of their owner, but in this 
 example are quite plain, a circumstance which increases the 
 difficulty of identifying the individual intended to be com- 
 memorated. 
 
 a Pari. Writs. 
 
 b This manor still goes by the name of Dabernoons, and is now in the possession of the Master and Fellows of Caias College, Cambridge, 
 having been purchased by them in the reign of Queen Elizabeth of John Brown, the representative of the family in the female Hue. Ljsons' 
 Camb. p. 183. 
 
 e Noticed at length in the account of " a Priest and a Frankelein, 1370." 
 
 d An example, however, may still he seen in the chancel of Homchurch, Esses, 
 
^ir W^OQtv it Crump mcf toil, 
 
 A.D. 1289. 17" «stitt)<trli: I- 
 
 He shope the crosse on his right slioulder. 
 Of the white clothe itnd the redde, 
 And went him into the Holy Land, 
 Wheras Christ was (jnicke and dead. 
 
 Old Robin of Portingale. 
 
 JL HE 'S'^illage of Trumpington, two miles south of Cambridge, gave the surname to a family of some note 
 from the 12th to the 15th century. William de Trumpeton was one of the grand assize in this county in 
 the reign of Richard I. : httle however can be said ivith certainty of the early members of the family until 
 we come to Everard, the father of Sir Roger, the subject of the present notice. In the Rolls of the 
 Hundred, the jurors present " that Everard de Trumpeton was accustomed to attend the county court and 
 tourn of the Sheriff, but that Roger his son withdrew himself."" In the wars of the Barons during the 
 reign of Henry HI. Sir Roger seems to have faithfully adhered to the royal cause, and that he was a 
 sufferer for his loyalty appears by an action he brought against one Wilham de Rulbetot in the year 1269, 
 for having at the instance of one of the Barons on the part of Simon de Montfort, by name Walter 
 de Coleville, seized upon the manors of Trumpington and Girton immediately after the battle of Lewes, 
 The record is curious, inasmuch as it illustrates the disturbed state of the country, at a time when the 
 dominant party considered any outrage justifiable that was inflicted on its opponents. Rulbetot and his 
 son acted together, carrying off whatever they could for the use of Walter de Coleville; they threshed the 
 corn and sold it with several loads of hay to divers individuals, who are all enumerated, with the amount 
 of com and hay purchased. The result was, that the defendants suffered by default and were fined, the 
 father 40*. and the son 6*.'' It may be assumed from this document that Sir Roger was an adherent 
 of the King, and in all probability in the fatal battle referred to ; hence his absence from his estates and 
 the spohation of his property. 
 
 The civil war being terminated by the death of Leicester at Evesham, and the consequent ruin of his 
 party, the warlike propensities of the people were directed to the aid of the Holy Land ; and Prince Edward, 
 eager for a share in the glory annexed to such service, entered into a compact with Louis IX. of France to 
 attend him with a certain number of Knights, and to obey him on the pilgrimage as if he were one of the 
 barons of his kingdom. Accordingly, in the year 12/0 he assumed the cross, and among the names of 
 those to whom letters of protection were granted for having taken a similar vow, occurs that of "Rogerus 
 DE Trompyton ; " the letter is dated 26th June, and guarantees protection to the lands, property, and vassals 
 of all those absent on the crusade.*' The personal liistory of Sir Roger must now be sought for in the 
 narrative of this crusade, the last of those insane expeditions which for upwards of two centuries bad 
 drained Europe of the flower of its chivalry. The Prince with his retinue arrived, after much suffering from 
 had weather, at Aiguemorte, eighteen leagues west of Marseilles, on the 29th of September the same year; 
 thence they sailed to Tunis, which the French king was besieging, but, that virtuous monarch having died 
 previous to their arrival, his son Philip gave orders for retreat. The Engbsh crusaders, not discouraged by 
 this event, continued their route to Palestine, where under their brave and illustrious commander they 
 revived the glory of the Engbsh name, and Acre, so often the scene of British valour, was relieved from a 
 besieging army. 
 
 On their return, in passing through Savoy, Edward with bis knights was challenged to a tournament by 
 the Count of Chalons, which had nearly terminated in bloodshed. Thomas of Walsingham thus relates the story. 
 "The Earl wislied to put to the test the soldiery of Edward, whose fame had now filled the whole world; 
 and the chivalrous pilgrims, although wearied with their long journey, accepted the challenge. On the day 
 appointed, the parties met and tried each others' prowess, but the Earl singled out Edward, and approaching 
 him cast away his sword, and threw his arms around his neck, tliinking to draw him from his horse, but 
 he keeping himself inflexibly erect whilst the Earl was adhering to him, urged his horse with his spurs, drew 
 him from his saddle, banging on his neck, and shaking him off i^iolently, cast him to the ground. The 
 Burgundians were greatly enraged, and the game of war was soon changed into its reaUty, for they attacked 
 the English knights, who, repelling force by force, broke the shock of their adversaries. In the meantime 
 the Earl reviving, attacked the King a second time, but feeling his hand too heavy for him gave in, and by 
 this timely concession prevented the effusion of blood. Thus victory was on the side of the crusaders, and 
 both parties returned in peace into the city." 
 
 There can be little doubt but that Sir Roger bore his part in these events : and of his love for martial 
 exercises, we may assure ourselves by the fact of his name occurring in a list of knights at a tournament 
 at Windsor, in 12/8, only a few years after his return from the Holy Land. In this curious document we 
 have an account of his equipment for the occasion, wliich is strikingly illustrative of the ef&gies. His suit 
 consisted of a tunic of arms, a pair of ailettes (par alettj, two crests, a shield, a helmet of leather, gilt, 
 and a sword of balon Ctvhalehone) , the entire charge for which, paid to Salvage the tailor, was 19*.'' 
 
 a Rot. Hund 4" Edw. I. 
 Hoi. P;it. .14° Hun. III. Esctr[it. Hist, p, 271. 
 
 1* Rot. Select. 54" Hen. III. 
 A ArciiKol. xvii. p. i299. 
 
A.D. 1289. 
 
 SIR ROGER DE TRUMPINGTON. 
 
 17° ©Btoavli: I. 
 
 From this time we hear no more of him excepting as witness to a deed in 1285-6," until his death, which 
 took place in 1289, at which time he was possessed of the manors of Trumpington and Gretton (Girton) in 
 Camhridgeshire; Mogerhanger in Bedfordshire; and Tudenham in Suffolk:'' he is also said to have been lord 
 of Bensie in Shropshire. Egidius or Giles was his son and heir, then twenty-two years of age, and did fealty to 
 the King for his father's lands, William de Ferrars, Lord of the fee, having died under age in ward of the King. 
 In 1294, when an army was assembled for the recovery of Gascony, which had fallen to the crown of France, 
 he was excepted in the general summons of persons holding by military tenure or serjeancy,'' and in the 
 following year obtained a remission of the tenth charged upon his goods by virtue of the grant made by 
 the laity in Parhament.'' By writ dated the 24th of November 1297, he was summoned to perform military 
 service in person in Flanders, where Philip King of France had commenced hostiHties ; the muster was 
 appointed at Sandwicli ; a similar writ was issued on the 7th of December, and again on the 2nd of 
 January following, the latter to muster at London. But it is very clear he did not proceed to join the 
 King's army in Flanders, as only six days afterwards he was summoned to be ready to perform military service 
 against the Scots, whose successes under the celebrated William Wallace induced the King to conclude a peace 
 with Phihp, and to hasten his return. On the 24th of May following, he received another like summons, 
 York being fixed on as the place of rendezvous, and as the decisive battle of Falkirk was fought on the 
 23rd July foUowing, he was doubtless a sharer in that fight and victory. On the 24th June 1301, he again 
 received a similar summons from the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon, to muster at Berwick-upon- 
 Tweed. Thirteen years now elapse, and we hear nothing of him ; but when Edward 11. undertook his 
 disastrous expedition into Scotland, he was summoned to Newcastle on the 1 5th of August : the writ was 
 tested at Berwick on the 30th of June, five days after the terrible defeat sustained by tlie English army at 
 Bannockburn. In 1322, he was returned by the sheriff of the county of Cambridge as being in prison, and 
 therefore unable to attend the muster at Newcastle appointed for the 25th of Jidy.^ It appears that in this 
 same year his son Roger, espousing the cause of Thomas Earl of Lancaster and the rebeUious Barons, 
 was taken prisoner at the battle of Boroughbridge, fought on the 16th March; his arms appear thus entered 
 upon the roll of the battle : " Sire Rog? de Trupeton dazur ij trompes dor croiselee dor j label dargent." His 
 life was spared on payment of a fine of 200 marks, and giving security for his good behaviour in six 
 bondsmen. The following year he and his father were summoned to attend the great Council at Westminster 
 30th May,^ and on the 7th of January ensuing, the son was pardoned on condition of serving the King in 
 his wars, and was therefore summoned to perform military service in Guienne, " properly mounted and 
 apparelled." He died two years after, possessing only at the time of his death the manor of Mogerhanger. 
 it is probable that, as his estates had been forfeited by his treason, they were not all restored to him. 
 
 The family continued to flourish till about the end of the 15 th century, when it seems to have become 
 extinct. In 1379, we hear of one Sir Nicholas de Trumpington, who with Sir John Arundale was drowned 
 after having violated a nunnery near Portsmouth.^ There was also a branch of this family seated at Tey-Magna 
 in Essex as early as the reign of Hen. III. In 13" Edward I. Robert de Trumpington held half a carucate 
 of land in Tey-Magna by tlie service of finding for our Lord the King a horse and hempen sack, and a 
 bottle to carry drink, in the King's army in Wales, for forty days, at his ovm cost.'' 
 
 The effigies is inlaid on the upper slab of an altar tomb in Trumpington Church, occupying the space 
 between one of the arches of the north aisle, and is surmounted by an elegant stone canopy : the inscription 
 was engraved on a fillet of brass round the edge of the slab, but has long since been removed. Tlie figure 
 is represented in attitude of repose, the hands conjoined over the breast, and the legs crossed; at the 
 feet is a hound biting the edge of the sword. The head rests upon a hehn which is large and conical, 
 having at its apex a staple for affixing either a feather or the lady's scarf, called the "kerchief of plesaunce:" 
 the helm itself is attached by a chain to a narrow cord round the waist. The costume accords generally 
 with the previous example of Sir John D'Aubernoun about twelve years earher, but is remai-kable for the 
 entire absence of ornament : we see however an addition to the defensive armour in the ailettes, or Httle 
 wings, which were tied at the back of the shoulder to protect the neck; they were probably of steel, and 
 appear to be edged with fringe. The shield is large and of the heater shape, but concave to the body, which 
 well adapted it for protecting the person. 
 
 The armorial bearings of this family, which may still be seen beautifully emblazoned in the church 
 vrindows, were. Azure, crusuly and two trumpets or : these arms appear on the shield, and are repeated on 
 the sword and ailettes, with the addition of a label of five points. 
 
 It may be necessary to offer a few remarks in support of the identity of the individual. A general 
 tradition has assigned it to a Sir Roger, and there is no ground for disputing its truth, and that it belongs 
 to the first of that name ; for although the arms on the figure bear the label and therefore accord with those 
 entered on the Boroughbridge Roll to Sir Roger, the last of the name, yet the period of his death is too 
 late to agree with the costume or the execution of the effigies ; moreover it does not appear that he died 
 possessed of his ancestors' estate at Trumpington, and was therefore unUkely to have been buried there : 
 as regards the label, it might be borne equally by the grandfather and grandson, both being eldest sons. 
 
 It is evident at a glance that this Brass was never finished ; how it came to be left in an incomplete state 
 must now remain matter for conjecture : it was clearly intended that the heraldic portion should be inlaid with 
 the appropriate colour, and a small portion of the shield was chiseled away for that purpose. The figure 
 is well proportioned, and the engraving bold and effective ; but it is not equal in execution to the earher 
 monument of Sir John D'Aubernoun, and still less to that of Sir Robert de Bures, which forms the subject 
 of the succeeding article. 
 
 » Kennett's ParocWal Antiquities, p. 307. b Esc. 17° Edw. I. c Par!. Writs, 22° Edw. 1. d Ibid. 
 
 E Ibid. 15° Edw. 11. f Ibid. 17° Edw. 11. s Wpclraan's Hist, of yacrilege. h Blount's Tenures. 
 
A.D, 1302. 30" mmvt: I. 
 
 Therefore, friends, 
 As far as to the Sepulchre of Christ, 
 Whose soldier now, under whose hlessed Cross 
 We are iinpressed and engaged to fight. 
 
 Shakspeare. 
 
 Of all the monuments of this description, and belonging to this period, the present is unquestionably the 
 finest ; the figure is better drawn and in better proportion, and the whole is executed with the utmost care. 
 It is inlaid on a grey slab in a chapel adjoining the north aisle of Acton church, Suffolk ; the inscription 
 was on the verge in Longobardic characters of brass let into the stone ; the metal is entirely gone, and even the 
 matrices in which it was inserted worn out, excepting only a few letters, which happily preserve the name, 
 and give a clue to the character of the whole legend. It probably ran thus, those letters which can still 
 be decyphered being given in brackets : 
 
 ^ SIRC: ROBe[RT: DG: BVReS] : GIST: ICI : DGV: 06: SS : "KLUG: BYT: MeRCY : 
 KIKE: PVR: LSLMG: P[RieR]S : aVSRS[V]NTe: lOVRS : : PS[RJDVN : SVeRS. 
 Two shields of arms are lost ; with that exception, the Brass is in a fine state of preservation. 
 
 The name of Bures is derived from an ancient town on the borders of Essex and Suffolk, but in the 
 latter county, and only a few miles distant from Acton, whence the present memorial is taken. The family 
 were early settled in Essex, for in the 7° John, one Henry de Bures did homage to William de Franchetre 
 for lands in the parish of Rochford;<i and in the Close Rolls, 1" Hen. III. is a mandate directed to the SheriflT 
 of the county to give seisin, or possession, "to Robert de Bures, of such lands as he was possessed of in the 
 beginning of the war," that of the Barons in the struggle for Magna Charta. This Robert was doubtless' 
 the father of the one now under consideration ; but we seek in vain for positive authority or information 
 concerning the early members of the family. The records of the life of Sir Robert de Bures are very 
 scanty ; the earhest notice of him occurs in the Parliamentary writs 1 5° Edw. I. wherein he is summoned as the 
 Baihff of Queen Eleanor to march in person against Res, the son of Mereduc, a Welsh chieftain, accompanied 
 by an hundred men, powerful in arras, from his bailiwick of Maillor Seisnek, in Fhntshire. His name does not 
 again occur in the writs of miUtary summons, but that he attended the several warlike expeditions of this 
 stirring reign is evident from the Wardrobe Accounts ; in that of the 25th of Edward I. he is mentioned as 
 with the army then returning from the briliiant and successful campaign against the Scots, in which John 
 Baliol their king was made prisoner, and the nation reduced to the EngUsh yoke : he received thirty-two 
 shUhngs for the wages of himself and two servants for the space of eight days, viz. from the 12th to the 
 19th of November.b In 1300, the year noted for the famous siege of Caerlaverock, his name occurs among' 
 the knights of the household as receiving his fee of a winter and summer garment : " he was no doubt one 
 of those who took part in that exploit. A similar entry is made in the account of the succeeding year,** 
 after which there is no certain information respecting him. In 23° Edward I. the custody of the forest of 
 Canok, in Staffordshire, was committed to one Robert de Bures,^ but it is not easy to identify him as the 
 same individual. By an Escheat 30" Edward I. we find the name of his wife to have been Alice, and that 
 he held manors in the counties of Suffolk, Essex, Hertford, Huntingdon, Northampton, and Gloucester. 
 
 Gough has erroneously ascribed this monument to Robert the son of Andrew de Bures, who died in 
 1360; the editor of Cotman corrects bun, and places it to Robert who married Hillaria, the daughter of Sir 
 John Fermor, and who died in 1332: neither of these dates agree with the character of the figure, are 
 grounded upon no authority, and may therefore be safely rejected for one more in unison with the costume 
 of the time. 
 
 The figure is represented cross-legged, and with a hon at his feet, but we are not able in this instance 
 to show that Sir Robert ever served under the banner of the Cross ; he might however have taken the vow, 
 and have died without fulfilling it.^ 
 
 In costume, the difference from the preceding figures is not very material; the details are however 
 more elaborate, and the drapery disposed with a greater degree of elegance. The shield is shaped like that 
 of Sir Roger de Trumpington, and is emblazoned with the arms of Bures, viz. Ermine, on a chief indented 
 sable two lioncels or. Breeches of gamboised or stitched work fcuisseaux gmnboisez) appear beneath the 
 skirt of the hawberk, passing over the knee and under the richly engraved kneeplates ; the surface, usually 
 of silk or other costly material, is beautifully embroidered with the fieur-de-lis, and an ornament resembling 
 in shape the Greek lyre, disposed alternately in lozenges formed by the reticulation of silken cords. 
 
 a Abbrev- Placit. b Addit. MSS. No. 7965. Brit. Mus. " Liber Quotidianua Gardrobi, 28" Edw. I. 
 
 d Addit. MSS. No. 7966. e Abbrev. Rot. Scaec. 
 
 f That thi.i posture denotes the Crusader has long been the received opinion, and may still be retained with propriety until a better 
 theory is advanced. For if, as is observed by Mr, Bloxam, (Vide Glimpse. Sec. p. 137.) the posture might be adopted to give greater 
 elegance to the folds of the surcoat, a fanciful idea, and not proved by examples, how can that opinion hold after the discontinuance of that 
 garment, and the use of others so much shorter as to be independent of the motion of the limbs i It is no argument that the attitude is 
 found so long after the last Crusade, as it is well known that the mani.i was not qmte extinct, nor the practice of taking the vow for such 
 service discontinued, for several succeeding generations. 
 
 In Northolt church, Middlesex, ib a Brass representing a kneeling figure in the Academical gown ; above the head the arms of Bures, 
 Burmoimted by a crest, vii. a wyvem with wings diaplaved and tail nowed. It commemorates Isaia Bures, formerly vicar, who died 1610. 
 
^I'r WiObtvt it ^fptbans. 
 
 A.D. 1306. 34" tstftoarli: I. 
 
 Dissipabo iiiimicos Kbgis mei ut paleuni. 
 
 Moito of the Family. 
 
 Inlaid on a grey slab in the centre of the chancel of Chartham church, Kent, is the monument of Sir 
 Robert de Septvans, which forms the concluding illustration to the military Brasses of this reign. The 
 inscription, nearly effaced, is in Longobardic characters, sculptured on the verge of the stone, but there yet 
 remains sufficient to read as follows: "16 FILS SIRE ROBGRT 06 SeXV^NS." By this we learn that 
 he was the son of a Sir Robert; and, taking the costume and the execution of the efiRgies as a guide, it 
 may with safety be assigned to Sir Robert, the third of that name, who died about the year 1306, 
 
 The name Sept-vans, or Seven-vans, is derived from the ancient cognisance of the family, though it 
 would seem that their coat of arms bore but three : in an ancient roU the arms are thus given : " Sir' robt 
 de sevens dazur e iij vans dor. " " 
 
 The fan was an ancient instrument used for winnowing corn, and is mentioned in the New Testament, 
 where Christ is prefigured as coming vrith his "fan in his hand," to purge his floor from the chaff; b 
 Shakspeare thus makes use of it in a similar figure : 
 
 Distinction, with a broad and powerful fan 
 
 Puffing at all, wiDBOws the light away.c 
 and the motto of the family, alluding to the same subject, says, "The enemies of my king will I disperse 
 like chaff." The form and character of the fan is very clearly represented on the Brass, and appears to have 
 been of wicker-work. 
 
 The earhest mention of this family is of Robert de Septvans, who was with Richard I. at the siege of 
 Acre; he died in 1249, when his son Robert, then forty years of age, paid 100j\ for his rehef;'^ he lived 
 but four years after, was twice married, and left by his second wife Isabella, who survived him, a son and 
 heir, Robert, then but three years of age, and the subject of the present notice ; Reginald de Cobeham 
 paid twenty marks of gold to the king for his wardship.^ The first account of him in active life occurs in 
 the 5° Edward I. when that monarch undertook his expedition against Llewellyn Prince of "Wales, which 
 terminated in the subjugation of the Welsh nation. In this war he performed military service for the 
 tenure of his manor of AIdington,f and five years afterwards was summoned to perform similar service 
 against the same people, which he fulfilled by two " servientes," he himself doing service for John le 
 Mareschall: the muster was appointed at Rhuddlan, on Sunday, Monday, and Tuesday, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th of 
 August.^ In 1284 he was returned as knight of the shire for his native county to the Parliament at 
 Westminster;'' and on 8th Sept. 1296, was summoned to appear with horses and arms at a military council 
 at Rochester before Edward the king's son and Lieutenant of England ; ' the king being at this time absent 
 in an attempt to recover Guienne. In May the following year, he was again summoned from the county 
 of Kent to perform military service against the Scots,'' who had revolted, and successfully opposed the English 
 army under the Earl of Warrenne ; he must therefore have taken part in the victory of Falkirk, which 
 occurred in the July following, and probably was with the army during the remainder of the campaign. In 
 1300, he was with the rest of the chivalry of England at the famous siege of Caerlaverock, where PhiUpot 
 says he was knighted on the field for his good service,' but it is more than probable he had long 
 received this honour. In 1302, he was once more returned to Parliament, and allowed his expenses 
 for his attendance. He died four years afterwards, being then fifty-seven years of age, and was 
 possessed of the manor of Aldington by the service of warding the castle of Rochester, estates at Milton, 
 thence called Milton Septvans, and at Tunbridge, in Kent, also the manor of Morhale, in Sussex.'" He left 
 a son William, who succeeded to his estates, was several times Sheriff of the county, and died about 
 1325 ; to him Gough and Hasted have ascribed this monument, but without the sHghtest authority. The family 
 continued to flourish until the l/th century, and many of their monuments still remain at Ash by Sandwich. 
 
 Like the two preceding examples, the figure is cross-legged; but it differs from them in having the head 
 and hands uncovered; the coif de mailles is thrown back and hes on the breast and shoulders, and the 
 termination of the sleeves of the hawberk are sHpped off and hang from the wrists : in this instance also the 
 surcoat is emblazoned with the heraldic charge of the family, and it is worthy of remark, that there are seveii 
 fans displayed on the figure, reckoning the two on the ailettes. Beneath the hawberk appears the quilted 
 garment, called the haketon, and a similar material passes over the knee, forming a pad for the genouUitres, which 
 differ from the previous figures in being shaped somewhat like the elbow-pieces of a later period; the edges 
 are escaUoped. The sword belt is highly ornamented, as also the scabbard, and the spurs are of the pryck kind, 
 but smaller than in the foregoing instances. A portion of the figure of the Uon at his feet, the left foot, 
 and two coats of arms at the head, are the chief mutilations the monument has sustained. The execution 
 of this Brass is not so careful as usual, the plates are less skilfully joined together, and the mail seems 
 to be unfinished, a small portion at the ancle of the right foot being more elaborate than the rest ; but on 
 the whole, it is well designed, and a very useful memorial of the mihtary costume at the close of the reign 
 of Edward 1. 
 
 a Lansd. MSS. 855. Brit. Mus. ^ Matt. iii. 12. Troilus and Cressida, Act 1. Sc. iii. 
 
 "> Excerpt. RoL Fm. 33° Hen. Ill, e Excerpt. Kot. Fin. 37° Hen. III. f Pari. Writs. s Ihid. 
 
 h Ihid. i Ibid. k Ibid. ' Villare Cantiinum. m Esch. 34° ILdw. I. 
 
«aitam Ijf (§rcnfflti, Slrrljfiisljop of Porfe. 
 
 A.D. 1315. 9" fflaawrO: II- 
 
 Voa quoa mundus evchit, quos sacerdolAlis 
 decoravit dignitas, quos pontificals 
 Bublimavit iniiila cura^ pastoralis, 
 reddit vos inmemores hujua curialis, 
 
 JVa!ter Mapes. 
 
 In a corner of what was once the chapel of St. Nicholas, in the north transept of Yorli Minster, the tomb of 
 Archbishop Grenfeld, contemporary with the sacred structure itself, has been preserved to the present day, both 
 from the fanatic rage of the l/th century, and the, perhaps, less destructive ravages of fire in our own immediate 
 times. When Dodsworth (that indefatigable collector, whom Drake, in an excess of enthusiasm, declared to 
 have been sent by Providence to save what was valuable from the hands of the spoiler,} drew up his hst of 
 inscriptions in the year 1(512, upwards of one hundred and twenty Brasses seem to have decorated the 
 pavement of this cathedral; of these, one only, and that of an insignificant character, dated 1586, now 
 remains to gratify the curiosity of the antiquary. Grenfcld's monument had apparently lost its inscription 
 before Dodsworth's time, since he omits to notice it. The figure hes on the upper slab of a beautiful altar- 
 tomb, surmounted by a pyramidal canopy, with crockets and finial, enclosing a pointed arch of elegant 
 design; the dado consists of a series of niches much mutilated, and the Brass itself is now but a wreck 
 of its pristine beauty; when perfect, the effigies stood under a canopied niche, supported by shafts 
 filled with saints ; these, the more ornamental parts of the work, probably disappeared during the partial 
 spohation unmediately following the Reformation, but the injury to the figure of the Archbishop only took 
 place after the destruction of the choir in 1829, when some workmen employed in the church are supposed 
 to have stolen the lost parts for the sake of the metal. 
 
 Grenfeld was born about the middle of the 1 3th century; he was the son of Sir Theobald Grenfeld of 
 Stow, in the county of Cornwall, being descended from the family of that name whose ancestor, Richard de 
 Greenville (for the name is variously spelt), belonged to a branch of the ducal house of Normandy, and 
 came over to England in the train of the Conqueror, to whom he was related. 
 
 Being destined for the church, family influence procured him easy access to the court of Edward I. 
 where his probity, learning, and eloquence soon obtained him the highest dignities in church and state, and 
 the personal esteem of his sovereign, by whom he was frequently employed on foreign embassies, and other 
 missions of trust and dehcacy. In the year 1290, he was sent to Rome to consult with the Pope as to the 
 raising of a subsidy for an expedition to the Holy Land ; ■ at this period he was not possessed of any 
 ecclesiastical dignity, being merely styled. Master Wilham de Grenefeld, professor of civil law : on his return 
 however, he was made a canon of York, also clerk and councillor to the king, in which capacity, in October 
 of the same year, he made a solemn protestation in the king's name, and before a papal notary, that the 
 subsidy about to be levied was strictly required for the crusade, and for no other purpose.'' 
 
 In the year following, he was dispatched to Tarragona as one of the ambassadors of Edward I. to assist 
 at the treaty about to be concluded between the kings of Arragon and Sicily, those monarchs having agreed 
 to abide the arbitration of the Enghsh kmg.« In 1292, he was present at the convention assembled at 
 Norham Castle, to determine who was the lawful successor to the crown of Scotland, then vacant by the 
 death of the Lady Margaret, daughter of Eric, King of Norway. The advantage which Edward took of this 
 opportunity to declare his right to the Scottish throne, is matter of history, and it is only necessary to remark, 
 that this celebrated convention, after a duration of five weeks, proclaimed the Enghsh king superior lord 
 of the kingdom of Scotland. Grenfeld subsequently assisted to administer the oaths of fealty to the Scottish 
 nobility, a ceremony that was performed in a deserted church of the Friars Preachers, at Berwick-unon- 
 Tweed.'l 
 
 In 1295, he was summoned amongst the justices and others of the king's council, to a parUament to be 
 holden at Westminster,' but his diplomatic services were again called into requisition soon after, and he was 
 deputed in 1296, to meet two cardinals at Cambray, for the purpose of concluding a truce between 
 England and France.' In the year ensuing, he was again summoned to attend a parliament convened at 
 London before Edward the king's son, and on this occasion he acted as a mediator between the king and the 
 turbulent Earls of Hereford and Norfolk.^ 
 
 From this time he appears to have been regidarly summoned to parliament, and the privy council. 
 Having been made Dean of Chichester in 1300, he was sent to France in the summer of that year on 
 special business ; he was absent from England forty-one days, and on his return received twenty pounds 
 towards his expenses, which amounted to £26. lU. id. for the passage of himself and suite, with their horses 
 and harness, customs duties at the port of embarkation, bread, wine, ale, fish, fiesh, oats, hay, and other 
 necessaries.h 
 
 In 1301, Grenfeld gave his attendance at the Parhament held at Lincoln the beginning of the year;' 
 and in 1302, he was made Chancellor of England " on Sounday the morrow after St. Michael the 
 ArchangeU ; " he received the great seal in December foUowing, but in the mean time he was at Amiens 
 concluding a treaty of peace between England and France.'' 
 
 .Fa,d.I.726. b Ibid. p. 741, ■ Ibid, p 744. J Ibid. p. 767. - Pari. WriK, 23' Edw. I. 
 
 ' S P"!- Writ., 25- Ed.. 1. 1. Wardrobe Account, 28' Edw I n 90 
 
 i Pari. Wiita, 29 Edw. I. k Posd. I. p. 940. 
 
A.D. 1315. 
 
 WILLIAM DE GRENFELD, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. 
 
 9" estonrir: II. 
 
 Upon the death of Tlaomas de Corbridge, Archbishop of York, Greiifeld was unanimously chosen by the 
 Chapter as his successor to that see on Christmas-day 1304," whereupon it became necessary to go to Rome 
 for consecration, and for this purpose he left England on the 31st December, the great seal being held in 
 Ills absence by Wilham de Hamelton, Dean of his cathedral.'' Although fortified with a letter from liis 
 sovereign, speaking in high terms of his experience, judgment, and learning, the venaUty of the papal court 
 kept Grenfeld in fruitless attendance for two years, nor could he accomplish the object of his journey 
 until he had expended nearly ten thousand marks in fees and bribes ; being at length confirmed and 
 consecrated at Lyons by Clement V. he returned to England, when he reimbursed himself in a manner 
 characteristic of the age, by two levies upon the clergy of his province, called a benevolence and an aid, the 
 annual revenues of the see at this period being stated to amount to £3,145. 135. Sd. 
 
 Edward L being at this time engaged in the wars in Scotland, Grenfeld, immediately on his return from 
 abroad, was appointed Gustos of the kingdom, jointly with Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and 
 Coventry and Lord Treasurer.'^ 
 
 In 1307, we find him involved in a dispute with Bonifacius de Saluciis respecting the jiirisdiction of the 
 chapel of Tykhill, and he appointed Master William de Pykering liis attorney to prosecute his plea before 
 the Parhament then assembled at Carlisle ; but the death of Edward, which occurred on the 7th July in tliis 
 year, at once put an end to the deliberations of that assembly. On the meeting of tlie new Parhament 
 under Edwai'd IL Grenfeld attended in his place, and an aid having been granted by the clergy, he was 
 requested to appoint collectors thereof in his diocese : he also received intructions, in common with the 
 whole body of the clergy, to pray for the good estate of the King and kingdom, and to celebrate the 
 exequies of the late monarch : these offices performed, he was summoned to Westminster to officiate at the 
 coronation.^ 
 
 In the summer of the year 1 308, our Archbishop was directed to send his military ser\'ice against the Scots ; 
 the muster was appointed at Carhsle, on the 22nd of August, to march against Robert Bruce and his companions 
 in arms.^ At tliis time he was also appointed by papal bull one of the Inquisitors to inquire into the 
 conduct of the Knights Templars,'' the persecution of which order was now taking place throughout Europe, 
 at the instigation of Philip the Fair, King of France, and Pope Clement V. In Grenfeld, liowever, the 
 Templars found a stem and uncompromising champion, who never failed to plead their cause with zeal and 
 ability. In 1309, when they were ordered for examination to York, Lincoln, and London, the Archbishop 
 was present at tlie former place, and exerted himself on their behalf. 
 
 The Scottish war still continuing, Grenfeld was requested to raise one hundred foot soldiers and one 
 constable from his lordship of Hexham,' to be marched to Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and shortly afterwards, he 
 proffered the service of five knights' fees for all his lands in England, to be performed by ten serv'tentes, 
 with as many barded horses.'' 
 
 In 1311, he was appointed by the King one of the deputies from the English clergy, to attend the great 
 council of Vienna which was called for this year; but, having started in the first instance without 
 receiving his instructions, he was recalled before he had left the country, and commanded not to quit England 
 before the sitting of Parliament in August, to which he was resummoned to receive further instructions:' 
 these being at length obtained, he proceeded to Vienna and was present at the council, where he had a 
 high place assigned him ; here he steadily and \-igorously opposed the oppression of the Templars. On 
 returning to England in the spring, writs were sent to the Archbishop of Canterbury (Robert Winchelsey), 
 commanding him not to insult Grenfeld or his suite on theu- passage through Kent.m There was a kind of 
 hereditary jealousy between the two primates, as to the privilege of one having the cross borne before him 
 whilst in the province of the other ; this privilege Grenfeld stoutly maintained, and being once on a 
 visit to the abbot of St. Augustine's, he would not waive it even there : the extent to which these quarrels 
 were carried, was a scandal to the times, and it appears plainly from the King's writ, that persons were 
 hired by the consent, if not by the command {non sine vestrd voluntate et inandato) of one primate, to 
 annoy and insult the other while hi his jurisdiction. 
 
 In 1313, Grenfeld was frequently summoned to aid the King in his Scottish wars, both with men and 
 money : in the early part of this year he was suffering from illness at York, and his presence being required 
 in London, he was obliged to travel in a Utter." The illness was probably of short duration, and a Parliament 
 being summoned at York towards the close of the year, he was peremptorily commanded ta abstain from 
 offering \iolence or msult to the Archbishop of Canterbury, during the stay of the latter in his proT-ince." 
 
 The fatal battle of Bannockburn having restored Scotland to its rightful owners, the latter began in their 
 turn to invade and annoy the northern parts of England ; a meeting was therefore held at York, of all the 
 nobility and persons of consequence in the counties beyond Trent, at which Grenfeld attended, since the 
 possessions of the archbishopric were greatly endangered; cuslodes of the marches were appointed/ and the 
 primate exerted himself in person to repel the Scots ; for this service he received the especial thanks of his 
 sovereign, who requested him to continue his vigilance, and excused his attendance at the Parliament appointed 
 to meet at Westminster on the 20th of January 1315, provided he sent a sufficient proxy.q He continued on 
 the borders during the spring of this year, and it is not improbable that the fatigue and harassing nature 
 of a duty so opposite to his general habits, brought on the illness that terminated in his death. He was 
 summoned in October to attend a Parhament called for the ensuing January ;■■ but before that period arrived, 
 
 a Harl. MS. 293. b Feed. I. p. 968. c Cal. Rot. Pat. 34° Edw. I. 
 
 d Pari. Writs, 35° Edw. 1. e Ibid. 1° Edw. II. f Pai-1. Writs, l" Edw. II. s Thid. 
 
 b Foed. 2" Edw. II. i Pari. Writs. 3° Edw. II. k Ibid. 4° Edw. II. " Pari. Writs, 5° Edw. II. 
 
 "> Ibid. - Feed. 11. p. 210. » Pari. Writs, 8° Edw. II. p Ibid. n Ibid. 
 
 >■ Pari. Writs. 9= Edw. II. 
 
A.D. 1315, 
 
 WILLIAM DE GRENFELD, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK. 
 
 9" *!?littiarl): H. 
 
 he departed this life, on the (ith December 1315, at his palace of Cawood, having sat as Archbishop nearly 
 ten years : he was buried in his cathedral before the altar of St. Nicholas, Thomas of St. Alban's, canon of 
 Southwell, and Wilham, son of Robert Grenfeld, being appointed his executors." 
 
 Grenfeld founded chantries at York and Ripon ; the latter was endowed with two messuages, twenty 
 acres of land, and 74.s. rent.^ By his will he bequeathed all his books to the monastery of St. 
 Alban's.<: The few records of his life relate only to his public character, and afford no insight into his 
 conduct as an ecclesiastic ; but it is only just to infer, that a man who is allowed by universal consent to 
 have been of exalted attainments and unblemished reputation, was an ornament to the Church and an 
 example to his clergy. His protection of the Templars is a noble trait in his character ; the persecution of 
 this unfortunate body, though nominally instituted on account of their scandalous lives, was in fact directed 
 against their wealth, and when those of the proTince of York had been dispossessed of their estates and 
 property, Grenfeld distributed them into different monasteries, and provided for their maintenance ; an act 
 which marks, with sufficient distinctness, his opinion of the injustice with which they had been treated.'' 
 
 The circumstance that this Brass is the earliest episcopal example now remaining, increases our regret 
 at its present mutilated condition, especially when it is recollected that the spoliation did not take place at 
 a time when the occurrence of such things might be looked for, but within the last few years, and under 
 circumstances, wherein one might have expected to see unusual vigilance exercised in preserving from 
 injury such remains, monumental or otherwise, as had been fortunately saved from the destructive element 
 of fire. 
 
 The Archbishop is arrayed in full pontificals ; the vestments which constituted the episcopal dress differed 
 but slightly from those common to all ecclesiastics ; sacerdotal costume had sustained little alteration from 
 a nmch earher period than that of the introduction of monumental effigies, but the mitre, which subsequently 
 became so distinguishing a feature, appears only to have been introduced about the middle of the eleventh 
 century." On being robed for the purpose of officiating at the altar, the bishop or archbishop first put on 
 his feet a pair of sandals, generally of rich embroidered work; he was then arrayed in the amice, a linen 
 hood covering the neck, having attached to it an embroidered collar : next came the alb, a long and ample 
 garment of white hnen, with narrow sleeves ; over the alb was worn the stole, an embroidered scarf going 
 round the neck, the two ends hanging down in front ; then he put on the tunic, a robe similar to, but 
 shorter than, the alb : excepting the amice, none of the vestments here enumerated can be seen on the 
 Brass of Grenfeld, as they would have appeared on that part of the figure now torn away, and our 
 illustration of this example commences therefore with the dalmatic, a garment with broad sleeves but 
 in other respects similar to the tunic, which it surmounted; it was cut at the sides towards the bottom 
 and had a fringed border: over all appears the chasuhle, an outer vestment whose ample folds, conceahng 
 the multifarious under-garments, gave a dignified simplicity to the whole costume. The pallium, or pall, 
 an ornamental scarf of fine white cloth, and the especial distinction of an or(:/;-bishop, is worn over and 
 reaches to the termination of the chasuble ; ^ that of Grenfeld is worked with crosses boton^es, and 
 fringed at the bottom.'' The pall was bestowed by Pope Gregory on St. Augustine, the first archbishop of 
 Canterbury, as a particular mark of favour, and the same honor was subsequently granted to York in the 
 person of St. Pauhnus, by Pope Honorius. The mitre, with its dependant iufulce or latchets, is richly 
 ornamented, and in shape approaches to an equilateral triangle, being less lofty than those worn a century 
 later; the ornamental part consists chiefly of a figure resembling a quatrefoil, alternating with a device 
 termed from its shape the vesica piscls, a mystical representation of the Church of Christ. The right hand 
 is uplifted as in the act of pronouncing the benediction, but the two forefingers are broken off; on the 
 second would have appeared the episcopal ring which was worn over the glove ; the left hand holds the 
 crosier, but the cross itself is now gone ; the staff is bound with the vexUlum or banner of the cross an 
 adjunct not always represented.' Over the wrist hangs the maniple, or sudary, ornamented and fringed hke 
 the pall ; the glove on this hand is worked at the back with a circle enclosing a cinquefoil. 
 
 The arms of the two archiepiscopal sees were formerly the same, and continued to be so until the 
 Reformation, when the pall surmounting a crosier was retained by Canterbury, and the cross- keys and 
 tiara,'' {emblematic of St. Peter to whom the minster is dedicated,) which until then had been used only for 
 the Church of York, were adopted as the armorial bearings of the See. 
 
 The figure is not remarkable for correctness of drawing, but the general aiTangement of the costume is 
 managed with skill, and an effect, unusual at this period, is produced by the extensive application of lines to 
 indicate shadow ; to wear the hah- profusely curled seems to have been a fashion of the time, and is partially 
 apparent on the head of Sir Robert de Septvans, the Brass immediately preceding. 
 
 1 Drake's Ebor. p. 431. b Inq. ad quod Damnuni, 8° Edw. II. ' Godwin de Presul. d Drake. 
 
 e The origin of the mitre is obscure ; towards the close of the eleventh century, its prototype is first aeen in the form of a plain round cap, with 
 latchets or injulm attached to the sides ; at the commencement of the thirteenth century, it hegins to assume the shape in which it is generally 
 known. There wa3 anciently no distinction between the mitre of a bishop and an archbishop ; the introduction of a circle of leaves round the lower 
 part of the archiepiscopal mitre is decidedly modern, and is not seen in Archbishop Abbot's arms on his hospital at Guildford, temp. Jac. I. It was 
 probably a foreign idea, and might arise from the three circles round the papal tiara. 
 
 t Ecclesiastics of lower dignity had the stole crossed upon the breast ; for an illustration of this remark, and a more particular account of the 
 eacerdotal vestments in general, see the article on A Priest in Wensley church, post mb anno 1360. 
 
 e The modern pall is much shorter, terminating in a point below the breast. Archteologia, XXIV. p. 35. 
 
 h In examples of later date the crosses are usually, in heraldic language, /fcAerf. The cross was perhaps simply the ornamented head of a fibula, 
 DX brwoch, with which the pall was attached to the chasuble ; see the effigy of Archbishop Stratford, in Stothard's Monumental Effigies. 
 1 It is to be seen also ou the Brass of Abbot Eastney, 1498, at Westminster, and that of Bishop Goodrich, 1354, in Ely cathedral, 
 k Or rather at this period a regal cro«Ti, the tiara having been superseded in the reign of Henry VIII. 
 
^ir So^n tic Crcfef, 
 
 AND 
 
 Hatig aignf i^is aiaaifc. 
 
 Circa A.D. 1325. 18° ©Utainttr: IT. 
 
 He put a silk cote on his backe, 
 
 And mail of manye a fold ; 
 And hee put a Steele cap on his head, 
 
 Was gilt with good red gold. 
 
 * then came fais ladjic faire 
 All clad in purple and pall. 
 
 Old Robin of Portingale. 
 
 Although the monumental brass was now becoming common, it is singular that few examples of this 
 reign are extant. Of the four military figures known to exist, those at Gorleston in Suffolk, and Minster 
 in the isle of Sheppy, are mutilated ; leading only that at Stoke Dabernon in Surrey," and the one now under 
 consideration, from Westley Waterless, in Cambridgeshire, in any thing like a complete state. The figures 
 of Sir John D'Aubenion'' at Stoke, and that of Sir John de Creke, are nearly the counterparts of each other 
 in design, almost contemporary in date, and without doubt executed by the same hand. 
 
 The latter monument, although its figures are preserved entire, has not escaped mutilation, having lost a 
 fine double canopy, shields of arms, and the inscription: the latter are preserved in Harl. MS. 1393, where 
 is a rude draught of the figures and armorial bearings, consisting of six escutcheons, three at the head and 
 the same number at the feet. The first, over the figm-e of the lady, who occupies the dexter side, is charged 
 
 with a bend between two cotises dancette , borne by Clopton of Suffolk, and Cham- 
 
 berleyn"^ of the county of Cambridge; 2nd. Ermine, on a chief a hon passant or, for Ermyn of 
 
 Northamptonshire ; 3d. Or, on a fesse gules, three lozenges vaire, for Creke ; at the feet the first shield has 
 
 two bars and in chief three mullets ; the other two are alike, and similar to that first 
 
 noticed. The inscription, of which a few letters remained on a narrow fillet of brass when Gough published 
 his work, is given thus : — 
 
 ^ ICI : GIST : Le : CORPS : SIRS : lOHAN : DG : CRGK : GT : DG : DACBe : ALYNG : SA : FGMe : DG : 
 QVY : ALMGS : DIGV : GYT : OOeRCY. 
 
 Creak, which gives the surname to the family, is an appellation common to two townships in Norfolk, known 
 as South and North Creak. At the latter place, the family had possessions as early as the reign of Hen. 
 II., and from one Bartholomew de Crek who died in 1187, is a regular descent unto John de Crek, the 
 youngest of three sons, who, as well as his brethren, dying without issue, this, presumed to be the original stock, 
 became extinct. Our Sir John was probably descended fi-om a younger member, but we must confess 
 our inabihty to trace the genealogy beyond his father, whose name was Walter, and who purchased the manor 
 of Westley Waterless of one John de Burgh, as appears by an answer to a writ of Quo wai-ranto 7" Edw. L, 
 wherein Creke claimed the privileges of view of frankpledge, infangenethef, tumbrel, and weyf, in that manor. 
 
 In the 34th of Edw. I. he was appointed an assessor and collector in the county of Cambridge, of the 
 30th and 20th granted to the king in Parhament at Westminster, as an aid on his eldest son receiving the 
 honour of knighthood.'^ For the first six years successively of the following reign of Edw. II., he served the 
 onerous office of sheriff for the counties of Cambridge and Huntingdon ; one Robert de Hoo assisting him 
 during the 1st, 2nd, and 3d years."^ In 1310, besides the office of sheriff, he was made one of the justices 
 of oyer and terminer, for the trial of offenders indicted before the conservators of the peace/ and in the year 
 following, had committed to him the custody of the lands and tenements of Walter de Langton, bishop of 
 Lichfield and Coventry, who seems at this period to have fallen into disgrace ; these he was to hold during 
 the king's pleasure.s In 6° Edw. 11. a mandate was cUrected to Bartholomew de Badlesmere, constable of the 
 king's castle of Bristol, and keeper of the town and berewick, and to Stephen de la More, and John de 
 Crek, attornies of the same Bartholomew, that they should take charge of the town of Bristol, and hold it 
 in safe keeping.!" On the 28th of November in the year following, he was appointed an assessor and collector 
 of the 20th and 15th granted in parliament, and he held the same office the succeeding year, when another 
 1 5th was granted to the king by a parliament at Lincoln ; the commission was tested at Thundersley on 
 the 8th of June, and sLx days afterwards he was appointed a conservator of the peace.' On the 22nd of 
 November 1317, he was assigned as one of the justices for suppressing illegal meetings,'' which, from the 
 unsettled relations of the king and the barons, were of frequent occurrence : the following year he was 
 again assessor and collector of an 18th and 12th granted by a Parhament at York, and was also com- 
 manded to cause all proceedings taken before him as justice of assize or otherwise, to be estreated into the 
 Exchequer; a similar vn-it was issued the following year.' In 1320 he had committed to him tiie custody 
 
 " Engraved in Stothard's Monumental Effigies. 
 
 b He was son and hoir of the individual of Ihe same name, whose Brass forms the commencement of the present series. 
 
 e Cole MSS. vol. VHI. 139. d Parl. Writs, 34° Edw. I, e Hart. MSS. 2122. f Pari. Writs, 4" Edw. TI. 
 
 e Abbrev. Rot. Orig. h Ibid. i Pari. Writs. k ibid. i Ibid. 
 
A.D. 1325. 
 
 SIR JOHN DE CREKE AND LADY ALYNE HIS WIFE. 
 
 18° epDioarU: II. 
 
 of the castle of Cambridge with its appurtenances," and was returned as knight of the shire to a Parliament 
 at Westminster 6th Oct., and on the 25th of the same month obtained his expenses for the attendance ; 
 he also served in Parhament 15th July, 1322." 
 
 It was about this time that the grasping ambition of the younger Spenser had, by seizing on the district 
 of Gower in Wales, the inheritance of the Earl of Hereford, occasioned a ciril war : the powerful Earls of 
 Lancaster and Hereford, Lords Audley, Ammori, the two Mortimers, and Roger de Clifford, raised a powerful 
 army, and without waiting for an answer to their demands for justice, ravaged the estates of the favourite. 
 In this confederacy Sir John de Creke and Walter, perhaps his son, seem to have taken an active part ; 
 for on the 28tb May 1322, a special commission of oyer and terminer was issued to try them and many others, 
 as well at the suit of Hugh le Despencer Earl of Winchester, as at that of the King, for having forcibly 
 entered on the manor of Soham, in Cambridgeshire, " breaking into the houses, carrying away horses, 
 cattle, sheep, and swine, and destroying the parks and trees, with the goods and chattels of the said 
 Earl."" We are not able to declare the result of the trial, if it ever took place, for the turbulence of the 
 times rendered it difficult to punish offenders backed and instigated by the most powerful barons of the 
 realm : in the succeeding month he was summoned to perform military service against the Scots, and 
 was returned by the sheriff as being unable to attend from age and infirmity,? a plea hardly consistent with 
 his active participation in the outrages of the preceding year. In December he was again an assessor and 
 collector for the county, of the tenth and sixth granted in Parliament at York. He again represented his 
 county in a Parliament at Westminster, 23d Feb. 1324, and on the 9th of May was summoned to attend the 
 Great Council at Westminster, to be held on the 30th of the month.i In the same year he was appointed, 
 among others, to take measures for the preservation of castles and fortresses, in case of sudden aggression 
 from the French; and was also included in a commission for seizing on the estates of the alien religious, 
 and for delivering them into the custody of the bishops this is the last pubhc notice of his life ; he 
 probably died about the year 1325. 
 
 He was twice married. Alyne, his first wife, who lies beside him, was of the family of Clopton or 
 Chamberleyn, the arms being alike, as before noticed. His second wife was Joan, or Johanna Breton, a widow 
 her maiden name being Scherewynd she survived him several years. 
 
 The figure of Sir John de Creke brings our account of military costume from the end of Edw. I. to 
 that of his successor, during which period it will be seen that an extraordinary change has taken place. 
 Tlie number of garments is very remarkable : first, apparently the haketon, of which only the lower part of 
 the skirt appears from beneath the hawberk ; the latter seems to be composed of rings fastened into bands 
 of leather or some other equally tough and flexible material, and the sleeves do not reach much below the 
 elbow. Over the hawberk is seen the escalloped edge of a garment, perhaps of cuir-bouilli ; above this we 
 have the cote-gambois^ or poiu'-point, its border fringed ; lastly, this load of body-covering is completed by 
 the cyclas, to which the snrcoat of the previous reign had given place ; behind, it hangs as low as the knees, 
 but is cut short in front, and^ fitting close about the body, is laced on each side. In addition to the chausses 
 which still cover the legs and feet, shin-plates or greaves reach from the genouilleres to the ancles, the feet 
 being protected by overlapping lamiuBe, called soUerets ; the spur is of the rouelle form. The arms have 
 plates reaching from the shoulder to the elbow, termed rerebraces, and the elbow joint has also a coude or 
 protection of plate ; here, and also at the shoulders, are roundels fashioned like the head of a Hon, which 
 apparently serve as a protection for the joint or bend of the hmb. A gorget (camail) covers the throat, 
 and is fastened to a bascinet by a lace drawn through staples, termed vervelles ; a portion also appears 
 hanging on each side like a fringe, but in what manner it is connected with the rest cannot be satisfactorily 
 ascertained: the bascinet is fluted, and has at its apex a projection for the scarf or feather. A small 
 heater-shaped shield, emblazoned with his arms, is suspended by a plain guige, and his sword is girt in 
 front by an ornamented belt. 
 
 The figure of the lady represents her in long and ample robes, concealing so much of the person as 
 hardly to leave even the features exposed. A long gown with narrow sleeves forms the undermost garment, 
 over which is another without sleeves, but open at the sides from the shoulder to the waist ; over this is 
 worn a mantle lined apparently with vaire, confined on the breast by a short cordon, and gathered 
 up on the left arm ; it has, as well as the other garment, an escalloped ornament round the border. Her 
 head-dress consists of a coverchief, which descends to the shoulders, the hair appearing beneath, disposed 
 in plaited bands ; the neck and throat is covered by a gorget or barbe, which passes over the chin, and, 
 as remarked by a satirist of the age,' seems literally pinned to the face ; at her feet is a dog. 
 
 There is a circumstance connected with this monument, which cannot entirely he passed over. At the 
 right foot of the lady's figure is a monogram, probably of the artist by whom it was executed ; 
 it is given the full size in the margin, and consists of the letter N, above which is a maUet, on 
 one side a half moon, and on the other a star or sun. It is worthy of remark, that the same 
 device is found on a seal attached to a deed 5° Edw. I.," wherein one Walter Dixi " Cementarius 
 de Bernewelle " is conveying certain lands to his son Lawrence. The seal of Walter has 
 for its legend S'. WSLTGR : Le : CDSSVN, and is likewise annexed. 
 
 The occurrence of a sunilar device in two instances seems to show that it was not an 
 individual mark. May it not have been the badge of some guild of masons ? If so, it will 
 suggest that the same minds that designed the architectural structures of the middle ages 
 also designed the sepulclu-al monuments ; and this opinion is strengthened by the fact of 
 their generally agreeing with the prevailing taste of the times, 
 
 Abbrev. Rot. Orig. n Pari. Writs. o Ibid. P Ibid. p Ibid, 
 
 r Fccdera. b Cole MSS. vol. XII. p. ISH. t John Jg Meun, lemp. 1304, quoted by Mr. Plancliti, 
 
 History of Britisii Costumo, p. US. u Colo MSS. vol. VIII. 
 
a finest. 
 
 Circa A. D. 1360. 34" CfUtonrli: HI. 
 
 A worke of rich entayle and curious mould, 
 Woven with antickes and wyld imagery. 
 
 Spenser. 
 
 The richly worked memorial represented in the opposite engraving, presents to our notice a splendid 
 example of ecclesiastical costume, as worn about the middle of the 14th century; yet the individual thus 
 pompously arrayed, was perhaps of no higher rank than rector of a remote parish in the north of Yorkshire, 
 and his very name has floated away down the stream of time, leaving behind no trace of his existence. 
 The assumed date of the Brass has been settled by comparison with other works of similar character, as 
 well as from a presumption, founded on a list of the Rectors of Wensley, that it may record one Nicholas 
 de Crekesawe therein mentioned, whose successor was instituted to the hving in the year 1361." 
 
 The figure of the deceased is represented as laid out for interment, attired in the officiating vestments 
 of the raass, agreeably to a long received custom of the Church ; the hands are crossed upon the body, 
 and a ehahce, covered by a paten inverted, lies upon the breast ; these insignia of the priesthood are 
 commonly found thus disposed, when curiosity or accident has caused the exhumation of a dignitary. The 
 head rests upon an embroidered cushion supported by two angels, the hair is long and flowing, and tlie 
 eyes partially closed ; at the feet are two dogs. 
 
 The vestments with which the Priest is habited, consist of the alb, stole, chasuble, amice, and maniple. 
 The alb, a long and ample robe, reaches to the feet, wliere it is richly decorated with a square of 
 orfrey-work, consisting of grotesque combinations of animals disposed in circular compartments, alternately 
 with those of a lozenge shape filled with foliage; the same ornaments prevail throughout. The alb derives 
 its name from albus, being always white ; it is doubtless the most ancient of the vestments, originating 
 from the tunic of the Eastern nations, and, in accordance with their custom, girt about the loins. 
 
 The fringed ends of the stole, a long narrow scarf of rich embroidery worn over the shoulders, appear 
 from beneath the chasuble which envelopes the upper part of the figure. The manner of wearing it is 
 well exemphfied in the annexed engraving, taken from a Brass of the loth 
 century ; in this instance the cope, a mantle open in front, being 
 substituted for the chasuble, both the alb and stole are more fully shown : 
 the latter is crossed upon the breast and passes beneath the girdle. Its 
 original use was to wipe the face, and for that reason, during the first 
 eight centuries, it was called "orarium;" but in process of time, 
 becoming adorned with rich embroidery, as shown in our engraving, was 
 rendered obviously unfit for its first purpose, and retained merely as 
 a decoration. 
 
 The chasuble is very full and ample, similar to that still worn in the 
 Greek church ; its " parura " consists of a broad stripe from the neck 
 downwards and across the shoulders, somewhat in the fashion of the arch- 
 bishop's pall; the border of the garment is also ornamented. Its shape 
 was nearly circular, ivith an aperture in the middle for the head, and its 
 origin has been derived with great probability from the Roman " posnula," 
 a cloak worn in inclement weather, and, from its enveloping the figure, 
 well adapted for such a purpose ; the chasuble was celebrated as an 
 ecclesiastical vestment as early as the sixth century. 
 
 On the left arm is the maniple or towel, which was originally sub- 
 stituted for the purpose to which the stole had been apphed ; thus it 
 received the denomination of " sudarium," from its being used to wipe 
 away perspiration. The Golden Legend says of Peter, " that he bare alway 
 a sudary," to wipe " the teerys y' ranne from his eyen." The maniple, 
 like the stole, gradually became embroidered, as seen in the present 
 example ; it was accounted a badge of honour as early as the sixth century, 
 in the ninth was common to priests and deacons, and conceded to the 
 subdeacon in the eleventh century. 
 
 The last of the vestments which remains to be noticed is the amice, 
 an oblong piece of fine hnen, having on one of its lateral edges an 
 embroidered collar, which is turned over and brought round the neck, the ends of the amice itself being 
 seen folded across where they meet in front. The priest wore it as a hood, until, upon arriring at the altar 
 it was thrown back -upon the shoulders, -^a custom still retained by the Capuchin and Dommican friars, and 
 in some churches on the continent : it was introduced about the eighth century.'^ 
 
 The Brass is in fine preservation; but the inscription, on a broad fillet round the verge of the slab, 
 has long since been removed. The character and execution of this work of monumental art show it to 
 belong to that class of which such fine examples remain at St. Alban's, Lynn, and Newark ; and which, from 
 their strong resemblance in every particular, to some remaining at Bruges, are evidently of Flemish design and 
 workmanship. The engraving is bold and effective, and the detail carefully elaborate. The lines were, 
 ■without doubt, originally filled in with colour, of which however no vestige now remains. 
 
 « Whitaker'a RichmondsMre, vol. I. p. 377. b In Horaham Church, Sussex ; it ia mutilated at the head and feet. ^ Vide Rock's Hierurgia. 
 
A. D. 1361. 35° mmrui in. 
 
 Men pointed out by fortune for good happe, 
 
 Promotions fall as plenteous in their lap 
 Aa words out of their raouthg. 
 
 Storer. 
 
 William de Rothwell belonged to a family deriving their cognomen from the town in Northamptonshire 
 so called. A long list of similar names may be found in the history of the county, holding ecclesiastical 
 preferments, and several even of the same Christian name ; one William de Rothwell was vicar of Potterspury 
 from the years 1348 to 1358, another was prior of Daventry from 1389 to 1408, a third was rector of 
 Warkton 1435, and a fourth vicar of Evenle from 1538 to 1560. 
 
 Our Wilham de RothweU was incumbent of Rothwell, his native place, about 1320, and was made 
 rector of St. Vedast Foster, in the City of London, 10th Oct. 1327;'' at the same time he was rector of 
 Eastwood in Essex, as appears by a petition he presented to Parliament, " for tithe of all colts belonging 
 to the king's stud feeding in Raleigh Park," which had been unjustly dehvered to the parson of Raleigh, 
 to the prejudice of Eastwood church.'' He held this rectory until 1350, when being, according to 
 Newcourt, chaplain to King Edward III. he was, on the 1st Sept. presented by that monarch to the 
 eighth prebend in the collegiate church of St. Stephen's, Westminster, and on the 30th June in the year 
 following, was also presented to the archdeaconry of Essex, during the vacancy of the see of London. 
 On the 22nd of the succeeding month, he had also the prebendal stall of Isledon (Ishngton), in St. Paul's 
 cathedral, and on the 17th Dec. that of Cropredy, in Oxfordshire, belonging to the church of Lincoln.'^ The 
 latter he retained until his death, it being recorded in the inscription, together with Ferryng, a prebend of 
 Chichester, and Yelmeton, a vicarage in Devonshire, in the gift of the prebendary of King's Teynton, 
 belonging to the church of Salisbury. It may fairly be inferred that the number of his ecclesiastical 
 preferments, which seem to have been bestowed upon him with no sparing hand, indicate the estimation 
 in which he was held by his royal master. 
 
 But Rothwell held besides important offices of a secular character. In 1353 he had committed to him 
 by the King the custody of his exchange in London and Canterbury, and at the same time, the 
 offices of keeper of the Mint' in the Tower of London, receiver of the King's chamber, and keeper of the 
 private wardrobe.'^ The records of the time give at length several documents relative to money paid into 
 the hands of Rothwell whilst he held the above. In 30" Edward III. we find a curious hst of instruments 
 purchased by him for coining and assaying of metal,^ and in the same year, the sheriffs of several counties 
 were ordered to deliver bows and arrows into his custody, as keeper of the wardrobe. In 1 359 he received 
 a mandate to pack up in hogsheads and barrels, all the bows, arrows, bowstrings, and haucipes for stretching 
 the baUsta, for the King's passage beyond sea, and to send them to Sandwich,*" Edward having commenced 
 hostilities with France with a very numerous army. Rothwell is supposed to have died about 1 36 1 . 
 
 The figure lies in the middle of the chancel, and is fastened on a slab of sandstone, evidently not that 
 on which it was originally inlaid ; the head reposes on a cushion supported on each side by an angel, the 
 hair is long, and the eyes shghtly depressed; it has sustained a trifling mutilation at the feet, beneath 
 which appears the following double inscription. The first, in Latin, is of a deprecatory character, addressed 
 to Christ as the Redeemer ; the other, in French, records the name of the individual, and enumerates his 
 ecclesiastical preferments, ending with a request to pray for his soul to the King of Glory, devoutly saying a 
 Paternoster and an Ave. 
 
 ilu'f ipr tr pcto tiiis'rrf aurso nui bniisti rrSinfc pDttu' noli Ba'ynarf mr tuu' rcacjjt'. 
 
 ffl *)ur laliiie ffaatlUam He iioHjfUitllE ui cy ret srjjulf taDifi airlji&rafeii Uc iSmex maucnVtx ftp Croprpffie 
 dFm'imfl & |?aInicton anomc iiJrirtj au Kou ftc gXoxit gc ft* lui tmyl pylr CSn eonour Br gi ftruoutrmrnt 
 ftitc) IDatcr nmttv tt ^ur. 
 
 The previous example exhibited the priest in the gorgeous officiating vestments of the Mass ; in this of 
 contemporary date, we have a dignitary of the church arrayed in the canonical habits. A close-fitting dress, 
 of which the sleeves only, buttoned to the wrist, are visible, is worn beneath the cassock, a long garment 
 which reaches to the feet; it is open in front, and hned with fur, having an ornamented border of trefoils, and 
 the sleeves do not reach much beyond the elbow. Over this is worn a surpKce with long sleeves, and about the 
 neck is the almuce, a kind of tippet or hood of white fur, having long pendant lappets hanging in front.'' 
 A mantle, of dimensions sufficiently ample to envelope the whole figure, is fastened on the breast by a brooch. 
 The feet appear to have rested on a flowered cusliion ; on the shoes wiU be seen a striped band in imitation 
 of the embroidered sandals of a bishop. 
 
 A comparison of the present with the preceding example from Wensley, will at once shew the great 
 dissimilarity which sometimes exists in contemporary works of the kind ; the Brass of Rothwell, whilst it 
 displays no immediate traces of a Flemish hand, evinces in the bold and sweUing lines, that the itist, if an 
 EngUshman, had studied, in this respect, the characteristics of the foreigner. 
 
 a Newcourt, vol. I. p. 564. h Rot. Pari. I. p. 429. c Willi.'. Cathedrals. d Abbrev Rot Ori. II 
 
 e Devon's I.suos of Exchequer, I. p. 165. f Ahbrev. Rot. Orig. II. g Or CraprpDi: the inscription being much worn. 
 
 " Clemens V. P.P. m Concilio Viennensi statuit, ut almutiis de panno nigro, vdI peUibus, enputiorura loco, uterentur." Du Cange, *«i voce 
 Almucium. It is frequently represented on Brasses in white metai. 
 
^ tirtpst anti a fvnnkcltin. 
 
 Circa A.D. 1370. 43° <!FaUj.ittr: III. 
 
 ShOTTESBROOKE Church, Berkshire, was erected in the year 133/, by Sir WilUam Trussell, of Cubblesden, 
 in Staffordshire; its plan is cruciform, with a tower and lofty spire rising from the intersection of the 
 transepts, and, being in good preservation, displays an excellent example of the most elegant period 
 of pointed architecture. In the centre of the choir is the interesting monument here engraved : the 
 figures represent a Priest, (probably the first incumbent after the rebuilding of the church,) and a Fraukelein 
 or country gentleman, perhaps the brother of the former; their hands are conjoined as in prayer, and the 
 figures stand under sweeping canopies, ornamented with crockets and finials ; in the centre of each is a 
 rose within a quatrefoil. The characteristics of this Brass are boldness and fi-eedom of outhne ; the figures 
 are well drawn, and the countenances executed with unusual skiU. The inscription, a portion of the shafts 
 and pinnacles, a slender division between the figures, together with a rosette in the upper part, shew the 
 extent of mutilation sustained. 
 
 The Priest, who occupies the dexter side, is habited in the officiating vestments of the mass ; first the 
 alb, having at foot richly embroidered orfi-ey-work, consisting of square compartments fiUed alternately with 
 a quatrefoil and the fylfot, a peculiarly shaped cross which wiU receive further notice ; the same ornament 
 pervades the other vestments : an ample chasuble envelopes the upper part of the figure, and beneath 
 appear the ends of the stole: round the neck is the amice, and the maniple hangs on the left arm. The 
 countenance is marked as by age, the hou- flowing to the ears, and the crown, as usual, shaven. The other 
 figure is that of a venerable-looking man, with hair short and quaintly cut, assimilating in this respect to 
 Chaucer's description of the Reve, who had his ban- "by the eres round yshome," and in front "docked" 
 like a priest; mustachios appear on the upper lip, and he has a forked beard. He is dressed in a tunic 
 with narrow sleeves ; it buttons in front, and extends half-way down the leg. Over the tunic is worn a 
 mantle and hood ; the former is open at the side, and fastened on the right shoulder with three buttons ; 
 the fi-ont portion is thrown over the left shoulder, and gathered up on the arm : the feet have shoes with 
 pointed toes ; round the waist is a narrow girdle, from which depends an anelace or short sword. Chaucer, 
 describing the Frankelein, says, ' 
 
 " An acelace and a gipcicre all of silk 
 Heng at his girdel." 
 
 The gipciere, or purse, which is here wanting to render the analogy complete, is seldom found on brasses tiU 
 the middle of the 15th century, when the anelace was generaUy disused; the only contemporary instance 
 which has fallen under our observation occurs on a rich and elaborate brass, which may be dated about 
 1350, in Bruges Cathedral; the figure represents a corpulent burgher of that once famed city, and we here 
 see the anelace thrust through the lappets of the gipciere, as in the annexed engravipg.a 
 
 Frankelein signifies literally a freeholder, — a class noted for wealth 
 and great possessions, yet not considered as gentle, or entitled to bear 
 arms ; nevertheless, according to Chaucer, of no little importance, presiding 
 at sessions, ser\-ing the office of sheriff, and even capable of sitting in Parlia- 
 ment as Knight of the shire. In the assessment for the PoU-tax, in the 
 nth Richard II. the "franklein du pays," or country frankelein, is rated 
 at 3s. 4d. Waterhous, in his Commentary on Fortescue, says, they were 
 possessors " not of the onely farm or mansion they live in, but of many 
 farms and portions of lands, and those not only tenancies, but even 
 capitall messuages and chief manners ; and although they were but plain 
 good men, John, or Thomas, yet some were men of knight's estate, who 
 could dispend many hundreds a year, and yet put up to raise daughters' 
 portions ; yea, so ambitious are many of them to be gentlemen, that 
 they by plentiful living obtaine the courtesie of being called ynaster, and 
 written gentlemen; and their posterities, by being bred to learning and 
 law, either in Universities or Innes of Chancery and Court, turn perfect 
 sparks and Usted gallants, companions to Knights and Esquires, and often 
 adopted into those orders. And from this source, which is no ignoble 
 one, have risen many of the now flourisliing gentry." 
 
 Plentiful Unng, and a love for the good things of hfe, seemed to 
 form the distinguishing feature of this class, of whom Chaucer has drawn 
 so admirable a picture. 
 
 » The very beautiful brass of which this skeU:h forms part, ia now el wreclc ; it ia kept under a heap of stones and lumber in the tower of 
 the cathedral, where it was partially destroyed by the fire which occurred there in 1839. In size, design, and style of workmanahip, it closely 
 resembles the well-known brasses at Lj-nn, Norfolk. 
 
A.D. 13/0. 
 
 A PRIEST AND A FRANKELEIN. 
 
 43° ettiutu: III. 
 
 " Wul loyed he by tlie morwe a sop in win. 
 To liven in delit was ever his wone. 
 For lie was Epicures owen sone. 
 That held opinion, that plein deht 
 Was veraily felicite parfite. 
 An housholder, and that a grete was he ; 
 Seint Julian he was in his centre. 
 His brede, his ale, was alway after on ; 
 A better cnvyned man was no wher no«. 
 Withouten hake uiete never was his hous. 
 Of fiah and flesh, and that so plenteous, 
 It snewed in his hous of mete and drinke. 
 Of alle deintees that men coud of thinke. 
 After the sondry sesons of the yere. 
 So changed he his mete and his soupere. 
 Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in mewe. 
 And many a hreme and many a luce in stewe. 
 Wo was Ids coke, but if his sauce were 
 Poinant and aharpe, and redy all his gere. 
 His table dormant in his halle alway 
 Stode redy covered alle the longe day." 
 
 Sir Thomas Overbuiy, in his Witty Characters, draws a character somewhat different : instead of being a 
 disciple of Epicurus he 'is a man temperate in his diet, content with a little, and pleased with any 
 nourishment God sends, he takes an active part in husbandry, and "never sits up late but when he bunts 
 the badger the vowed foe of his lambs; nor uses he any cruelty but when he hunts the hare, nor subtilty, 
 but when iie setteth snares for the snipe, or pitfals for the blackbird ; nor oppression, but when in the month 
 of July be goes to the next river and shears his sheep. He allows of honest pastime, and thmks not the 
 bones of the dead any thing bruised or the worse for it, though the country lasses dance in the churchyard 
 after evensong. Rock-monday and the wake in summer, shrovings, the wakeful ketches on Christmas Eve, 
 the hoky or seed cake,- these he yearly keeps." 
 
 This device is denominated " the fylfot," on the authority of some ancient directions for the 
 execution of two figures in painted glass, apparently of the latter part of the fifteenth century, 
 preserved in Lansdowne MS. 874. These consist of rude sketches of the figures of a gentleman 
 in armour with emblazoned tabard, and his lady, who bears on her gown the arms of Cornwallis, 
 she being the daughter of Sir Thomas CornwaUis, and married to Francis Frosmere. 
 
 Under his wife he directs to be placed "the Katteryn whole," which is m allusion to her Christian 
 name- and of himself he says, "the fylfot in the nedermost pane untler ther I knele ; " in the sketch it 
 appears marked with ermine spots. It would seem that he intended this device as an allusion to his own 
 name of Francis, as the Catherine-wheel to that of Ms wife; it may therefore in this case be merely eonsidered 
 to represent a double F, but the derivation of the term is still unexplained. 
 
 It appears to have been celebrated as a religious emblem or symbol at a very remote period, being 
 known in India and China ten centuries previous to the Christian era, and called in the Sanskrit swasticii : 
 it was used by a sect styhng themselves " doctors of reason and followers of the mystic cross." Subsequently 
 it was adopted by the votaries of Buddha, which worship was predominant throughout Intlia from B.C. 600 
 to AD 700 but was not extinct until the 12th century; and it is met with on most of the Buddhist coins 
 as well as inscriptions from all parts of that country." When it was first introduced among Christians, cannot 
 be precisely ascertained, but it was probably brought from India by those missionaries of the Nestorian sect, 
 who as early as the sixth century had penetrated into Cliina, and spread themselves over the remotest 
 regions of the East: to them must be ascribed its application as an emblem of "God crucified for the 
 salvation of the human race," which it was accounted at Thibet to represent. 
 
 It occurs on very early Christian remains, and is found on the girdle of a priest of the date, A.D. 1011. 
 On Brasses of ecclesiastics, it is common from the time of Edward I. to the end of Edward III.s reign, after 
 which no example is met with.h One of the latest mstances of its occurrence is m a picture by John 
 Van Eyck preserved in the Mus^e at Antwerp, where it appears on the stole of a priest alternately with a 
 cross-pat6e; date, the middle of the 15th century. It is found also as an heraldic charge in Harl. MS. 1394, 
 among some arms of Yorkshire families, viz. Argent, a chevron between t^ree fylfots gules, the name, Leonard 
 Chamberleyn. It is called by Randle Holme," a cross potenc^ rebated recoursie. 
 
 The loss of the inscription and the absence of armorial bearings, leave us without a clue to the names 
 of the individuals here commemorated: a family of the name of Shottesbrooke held the manor of the same 
 as early as the reign of Henry III. and it continued in their possession until it was purchased by Sir 
 William Trussell in the reign of Edward III ; but the Shottesbrookes were not extinct in the middle of the 
 next century, one of this family being appointed a Commissioner for Berkshire in 1455, to communicate with 
 the people of that county touching the safeguard of Calais. It is very possible that this monument may 
 represent two members of that family, but we are unable to identify it farther. 
 
 a Journal of the Ropl Aaiatie Society, May 1841. 
 
 h It is sometimes found on oiUtary figures, as in the case, of Sir John D-Auhernoun, 1277, and Sir Robert de Bures, 1306, engraved 
 in this work. 
 
 c Bkion of Armorie. 
 
A.D. 1405. 6° SJfttr: IV. 
 
 Of requiem his masse to syng or say. 
 And for alle Cristen soules ever to pray. 
 
 The Brass here represented differs materially in design from those which precede it, heing one of a class 
 of which few examples remain at the present day, in consequence, perhaps, of then- greater Hability to injury, 
 and being more obnoxious to the iconoclasts of the 17th century. The example before us commemorates 
 a Rector of the parish of Upper Hardres, a retired \'illage near Canterbury : the deceased is represented 
 kneeling at the foot of four>teps, from which rises a slender shaft, expanding above so as to form a bracket 
 for supporting figures of the Apostles Peter and Paul, to whom the church is dedicated: the inscription 
 beneath supplies the only information that appears to be extant of the reverend personage here interred. 
 
 Itjir iacft iiingief SoDTo ^trrtc quoH'm Uectov fjui' &ccVie aut ofiijt bin. Hit jFctiruarii a\ Vni mo-cm . Da. 
 CTui' a'i'r |)*|jicirt* B'S ilntf'. 
 
 That John Strete, therefore, was Rector of Hardres at the beginning of the 1 5th century, is all that 
 can positively be affirmed ; at the same time it is necessary to remark, that an individual of the same name 
 is alluded to in a record of the 3d Henry IV. 1402, to the following purport: 
 
 "To John Strete, and others men of Dover. In money paid to them by the hands of the aforesaid John, in discharge 
 of £92. 6s. 8rf. which the Lord the King commanded to be paid to the same, as well to provide a passage for Isabella late Queen 
 of England to Calais, as for the return of the lords, ladies, and other persons who accompanied the said lady the Queen to 
 England." « 
 
 If this John Strete may be considered, not as one of the men of Dover, but a confidential person, to whom 
 was assigned the distribution of the money, there is no reason why he should not be the same as our Rector, 
 ecclesiastics being generally chosen to execute trusts of this nature. 
 
 The Brass occupies its proper position in the chancel of the church ; the figure of the Rector is 
 habited in a cassock with cape and hood, probably the usual costume of the clergy when not officiating 
 at the altar; on his head is a close-fitting cap. A scroll proceeds from his uphfted hands, and being 
 made to wind round the supporting column, breaks the monotony of its line; it contains the following 
 supplicatory inscription, addressed to the Saints above : 
 
 tfiauig* cflor' ct liJaulc Iroftor uopulor* imrrfcSft' p" mr aignr'i aO rrgrm angrlor".'' 
 
 The usual designation of Paul was, in allusion to his learning, "th'appostle and doctour;" Peter is 
 apostrophized as " Clai-iger Ccelorum," because, says the Legend, "hereccyved of our lord the keyes of the 
 kyngdom of heven." 
 
 The figures are arrayed in a style of classical simplicity, their dress consisting merely of a long gown, 
 over which is thrown a loose robe gathered up on the arm in graceful folds. Peter, whose crown is 
 shaven, but who has nevertheless a profusion of curled hair, holds a book in his right liand, and a key in 
 his left : the countenance of Paul is of a more severe cast, his forehead is nearly bald, but the hair falls 
 down behind the ears, and his beard is full and flowing ; the right hand bears a book, whilst the left upholds 
 a sword, the instrument of his martyrdom; for whereas Peter was ordered to be crucified as a stran^-er, "it 
 was commanded that because Foul was a cytezyn of Rome, his hede shold be smyten off." Of Peter 
 
 " it is sayde for certayn that he bare aiway a sudary in his bosom, wyth whyche he wyped the teerys yt ranne from 
 his eyen, for whan he remembryd the swete presence of oure lorde, for the grete love that he had to hym, he myght not 
 forbere wepyng ; and also whan he remembryd that he hadde renyed hym, he wept ahoundantly grete plente of teerys ; in such 
 wyse he was acustomed to wepe, y' his face was brente wyth teerj-s as it semcd."*-" 
 
 The martyrdom of these Apostles is thus described in the quamt language of the Golden Legend, purporting 
 to be an epistle from St. Dionysius to Timothy. 
 
 " O my broder Thymothee, yf thou haddest seen thagonyes of the ende of theym, thou sholdest have fayled for 
 hevines and sorrow, who shold not wepe. The hour when the comaundement of the sentence was gyven ayenst theym, that 
 Peter sholde be crucefyed and Foul beheded, thou sholdest thenne have seen the turbes of the Jewes and of the paynems, 
 yt smote theym and spytte in theyr visages : and whan the horryble tyrae came of theyr ende y' they were departed 
 that one fro that other, they bonde the pylers of the worlde, but thys was not wythout waylling and wepping of the 
 brethem. Thenne sayde Saynt Foul to Saynt Peter, " Feas wyth y<^, that art foundement of ye chyrche, i pastour of the 
 sheep and lambes of our lord ; " Feter thenne sayde to Foul, " Goo thou in peas, precher of good maners, medieatour, 
 leder, and solace of ryghtful peple : " and whan they were wythdrawen ferre fro other, I folowed my mayster." 
 
 This Brass is evidently the production of a very superior hand ; it possesses a freedom from conventional 
 form not always found in vvorks of this character ; the figures are symmetrically proportioned, the attitudes 
 graceful, and the draperies cast with considerable judgment. 
 
 a Devon's Issues of the Eichequer, p. 282. 
 
 b Thou that bearest the keys of Heaven, and Paul, teacher of the people, intercede for me to be deemed worthy before the King of Angels. 
 c Golden Lcfrend, Notary's edit. fo. cv. 
 
C!)omas tit Iraurijamp, ©arl of OTartoi'rfe, 
 
 AND 
 
 !La5g ^ar^arft Jis Counters. 
 
 A.D. 1406. 8°. jUjnir: IV. 
 
 Now by iny father's badge 
 
 The rampant bear cliain'd to the ragged staff, 
 This day I'll wear aloft niy burgonet. 
 
 Shdkspeare. 
 
 It -u-ill scarcely be disputed, that the most conspicuous name in the domestic annals of English History 
 during the 14th and 15th centuries, is that which attaches itself to the house of Warwick. The immense 
 possessions of this family extending over the finest counties of England, the advantageous situation as well 
 as the strength of their baronial domain, their high rank, and extraordinary ambition, combined to endue 
 them with a degree of power, which, when roused, was able to disturb the reign of four sovereigns within 
 the space of a hundred and fifty years. The particular member of the family whose monumental Brass 
 furnishes the subject of the present notice, occupied a prominent station in the chequered events which 
 marked the close of the 14th century. Bom of a line of martial ancestors, brought up in the camp, 
 and inured from childhood to the hardships of the field during the wars of Edward III., the haughty spirit 
 of Thomas de Beauchamp was unable to brook the enervated chai-acter of the succeeding reign, and his 
 impetuous temper precipitated him into hostihties against his sovereign, which at different periods nearly 
 proved fatal to both. 
 
 The family of Beauchamp were of Norman descent, Walter de Beauchamp, the first of the English line, 
 having settled in Worcestershire as early as the reign of Henry I. The earldom of Warwick came into their 
 possession on the death of William Mauduit without issue, in the year 1267, when WiUiam de Beauchamp, 
 son of Mauduit's sister Isabel, became his heir. At his death in 1298, he was succeeded by his son Guy, 
 then twenty-six years of age, who was present at the siege of Caerlaverock in 31° Edw. I. but is principally 
 noted for having, in the subsequent reign, seized the person of Gaveston, the king's favourite, and caused hun 
 to be beheaded close to his castle at Warwick: he died, not without suspicion of poison, in 1315, leaving 
 Thomas his son and heir, a man of great abihties, and much renowned in the wars of Edward III. ; he died 
 in 1369, when the title and estates came to Thomas his second son, Guy the eldest having died in the 
 lifetime of his father.^ 
 
 Thomas was born in the year 1345, and received the honor of knighthood with his brother Guy, at the 
 early age of eleven years, when a hundred marks per annum were granted to him by the king, to be paid 
 out of the Exchequer, until other pro\^sion should be made for his support.'' He did homage for his lands 
 on the death of his father, and had livery of them granted 44" Edw. III. : in that year he was sent to 
 Cherbourg in the retinue of WiUiam de Ufford Earl of Suffolk, for the protection of the King of Navarre,-^ 
 and towards its close we find him at Calais in company with the Duke of Lancaster, and the Earls of Hereford 
 and Salisbury.*' In 46" Edw. III. he was retained to serve the king in his wars abroad for one whole year, 
 with 100 men at arms, 160 archers, 2 bannerets, 30 knights, and 77 esquires; he was to receive for himself 
 and his men at arms double pay, but for the rest after the ordinary rate, the year to begin from the time 
 they should take shipping : « this expedition was intended for raising the siege of Rochelle, but the prevalence 
 of contrary winds, and the defeat of the Earl of Pembroke at sea, put a stop to the projected enterprise. 
 
 In the following year, Warwick was again retained to serve the King in his French wars, with 200 men 
 at arms and 200 archers, well mounted, armed, and arrayed, under the conduct of John of Gaunt: in 1376 
 he had a commission to array all the able-bodied men in his county : ^ the same year be was sent into 
 Scotland with Sir Guy de Brian and Sir Henry le Scrope, to treat with Wilham Earl of Douglas and others 
 appointed by the King of Scots, concerning restitution of certain lands claimed to belong to the English; 
 shortly after, he accompanied Edmund Earl of Cambridge the king's son into Brittany, where they had great 
 success in taking castles until they were recalled upon the formation of a truce. In 50° Edw. III. he was 
 made Governor of the isles of Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark ; the year after he had commission to fortify 
 all the castles in Wales against a threatened invasion of the French,^ from which it may be presumed the 
 truce was already at an end : probably for the same reason he was also directed to array men in his county 
 at the same time. 
 
 In 1377, 1° Ric. n. he was again retained to serve the king beyond sea for a short period, with 1 
 banneret. 4 knights and 164 esquires, well and sufficiently mounted, armed, and accoutred: in the third year 
 of this reign he was also again commissioned to array men in his shire, and was, about the same time, 
 chosen by the Parliament then assembled at London, to be governor of the Kmg during his minority. In 
 5° lUc. II. during the insurrection under Jack Straw, be was sent to protect the monastery of St. Alban's, 
 which was threatened by the rebels; but whilst on his progress to that place, hearing that a similar 
 
 B Dugdale's Warwickshire, Edit. 1765, p. 284. ^ Ibid. p. 286. 
 
 " Dugd. Warw. p. 296. f Fo-dera, 49° Edw. III. 
 
 r Issue Roll, 44" Edw. III. 
 e Ibid. Sr Edw. III. 
 
 'I Ibid. 
 
A.D. I40(i. 
 
 THOMAS DE BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF WARWICK. 
 
 S" ittjcnr: IV. 
 
 insurrection had broken out in his own county, he proceeded thither, and in this and the subsequent years 
 had commission, with other persons of quahty in Warwickshire, to suppress any that should make head 
 therein," 
 
 We have now to contemplate the Earl of Warwick in a different position ; hitherto we have found him 
 attached to the throne, and performing, in common with the other nobility of the realm, all those services 
 which the feudal system required them to render to their sovereign ; but henceforth his history is interwoven 
 with the turbulent conspu-acies which occupied so much of the reign of the unfortunate Richai-d. Following 
 in the footsteps, and apparently animated by the spirit of his grandfather, Warwick joined, in 138", with 
 Thomas Duke of Gloucester, the king's uncle, Richard Earl of Arundel, Henry Earl of Derby, and Thomas Earl 
 of Nottingham, a confederacy of peers whose combined power was able at any time to shake the throne, for 
 the alleged purpose of redressing the grievances under which the people laboured, through the pernicious 
 conduct of the king's favourites. The Commons supported the combination of the nobles, and refused to 
 proceed to business until their complaints were hstened to ; the King, who at first shewed signs of resistance, 
 was indecently reminded of the fate of his great-grandfather, and he ultimately signed a commission in favour 
 of the Earl of Warwick and his coadjutors, by which they were empowered to inquire into and determine 
 an affairs, causes, and complaints, the king's expences, and all other matters, since the death of Edward III. ; ^ 
 thus virtually appointing them guardians of the kingdom, and depriving Richard of all regal power and 
 authority. This yoke, however, proved too gaUing for the king to bear; and, having called a council at 
 Nottingham, and obtained from certain of the judges a declaration that the late commission was illegal, and 
 all concerned in it guilty of high treason, Warwick and his party became sensible of their danger, and 
 instantly assembled then: power at Haringey (Homsey) Park near Highgate, from whence they sent a message 
 to the king at Westmmster, demanding the persons of his counsellors, whom they declared to be traitors to 
 the kingdom ; adding that theu- own actions were purely for his majesty's welfare and the good of the nation's 
 hbertics.= The king, unarmed and powerless, was obliged to submit, and called a Parhament to take these 
 matters into consideration ; and the five lords, having now got the whole power into their hands, proceeded 
 with great severity : having first imposed on the Parhament a solemn oath to stand by their persons, and 
 support them with all their strength even unto death, they caused to be impeached and convicted the 
 judges and others who had expressed themsebes favourable to Richard ; eight out of sixteen were executed, 
 and the remamder banished for life; in the former number were included the personal friends of the 
 king, whose only crime was the fact of theu- being so. It is impossible to discriminate the individual share 
 of each nobleman in these transactions ; but, as they appeared to act in concert throughout, the odium 
 attaches equally to all. One important circumstance seems necessary to be mentioned here, because it 
 formed the chief defence of the parties when the day of retahation arrived a few years after ; sensible of 
 the violence of their conduct, the nobles obtained from the Parliament, and it was afterwards ratified by the 
 king, a general and particular pardon for themselves and their adlierents of all they had done, as well in 
 the Parhament, as by their assemblings, ridings, and marchings in arms-ti 
 
 At length, in the year 1389, the King, who had attained his tweuty-thfrd year, assumed the rights 
 of sovereignty, and proceeded to dismiss from the council the Earl of Warwick and others who had taken 
 an active part against bun; how it happened that he had so suddenly obtained this power is not very 
 clear. "The history of this reign," says Hmne, "is unperfect, and it is not easy to assign the reason for 
 this unexpected event, but it is probable that the violence of their former proceedings had afready lost 
 them the affections of the people, who soon repent of any cruel extremities to which they are carried by 
 their leaders." It seems not improbable that some compromise was entered into between the Idng and his 
 turbulent barons, to whom a sum of £20,000 was granted by Richard with the consent of Parliament, of 
 which sum the last instalment, amounting to £1995. Is. Sd. was paid in Michaelmas Term this year;" but 
 the latens odium, as Walsingham terms it on another occasion, was only slumbering, and not extinguished, 
 for we find the lords of the council drawing up a paper about this period, wherein they express their 
 great desfre that good love, unity, and agreement may be estabhshed between the King and his Council on 
 the one part, and the Duke of Gloucester and the Earls of Arundel and Warwick on the other part, and 
 that neither party shall hold the other in suspicion or dislike.^ 
 
 Tlie Earl now retired for a time from public hfe, and devoted his leisure to pursuits of a more peaceful 
 nature ; he erected that noble addition to the castle at Warwick, called Guy's Tower, from the summit of 
 which the eye takes in a beautiful and extensive prospect; it was finished in 1394, at a cost of £395. bs. 2d. ; 
 at the same time he rebuilt the whole body of the collegiate church, the burial place of his ancestors. s 
 
 Mowbray Earl of Nottingham had soon got reinstated in the favour of Richard, and finding a reaction 
 in pubhc opinion, sought to enrich himself at the expense of Warwick his former coadjutor: some 
 years before, the father of the present Earl had recovered against Mowbray the dominion of Gower, 
 and the latter now brought his writ of error to reverse the judgment in consequence of a technical 
 error, alleging that the process whereupon the suit had been commenced was directed to the sheriff of 
 Herefordshire, whereas the land was in Wales, and upon this quibble he obtained possession.'' There seems 
 reason to l)elieve that our Earl, after a certain period, was also wilhng to be reconciled with his sovereign, for 
 when Richard had routed the Irish rebels in 1395, Warwick signed a letter to the King, as one of his 
 majesty's "humble and faithful" lieges, congratulating him on his success.' Eight yeai's however had now 
 elapsed since his disgrace; the king had chosen new favourites, hut, although his personal character brought 
 him into contempt, the majority of the nobles were in no mood for renewing the scenes of violence yet 
 
 = Dugd. Warv,-. p. 38G. h Pari. Hist. I. 190. c ibid. 19(i. <i Ibid. 214. 
 
 c Uevon'fi Issues of the lixcheqiici-, p. 240. f Ordinances of the Privy Council, I. 12. s Duird. Wurw. p. 287. 
 
 Ibid. i Ord. Priv. Couii. I. 51. 
 
A.D. 140G. 
 
 THOMAS DE BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF WARWICK, 
 
 8" JOriir: IV. 
 
 fresh in the memory of the people. WTien therefore our Earl was again induced by the Duke of Gloucester 
 to associate with him for treasonable purposes, they were met with promptitude and decision : Gloucester 
 was suddenly seized at Fleshy in Essex, and hurried away to Calais, where his death occurred shortly after 
 under circumstances of great suspicion : Warwick was arrested on the 1 0th July ] 397, at the house of the 
 Bishop of Exeter without Temple Bar, and committed to the Tower, whence he was conveyed to Tintagel 
 Castle in Cornwall.'^ An accusation was immediately brought against him, wherein he was impeached for the 
 meeting at Haringey Park ten years before, and for having beheaded Sir Simon Burley without the consent 
 and against the will of Parliament. 
 
 On the 2 1st September following he was removed to Westminster, where, on the 28th of the same month, 
 he was brought to trial before his Peers, when he confessed with tears that he was guilty of the treasons 
 charged against him, and humbly threw himself upon the king's mercy and gi-ace ; this concession saved his 
 life, and his sentence was commuted to perpetual banishment in the isle of Man, but upon condition that, if 
 any application were made to the king to gain him any further favour, or if he should attempt to make his 
 escape, the original judgment should be put into execution.'' WiUiam le Scrope, Earl of Wiltshire, and Sir 
 Stephen le Scrope, his brother, were commanded to carry the Earl thither, and keep him in safe custody, 
 as they would be responsible body for body."^^ 
 
 By his attainder, Warwick was deprived of his titles and honours, and all his property became confiscated 
 to the crown : one Clement atte Spice was appointed to seize all his castles and lordships, lands, tenements, 
 reversions, fees, advowsons, franchises, liberties, and other possessions in the counties of Essex and Herts i 
 another person, Thomas Wodyfeld, was deputed to arrest his horses, &c. in Middlesex, Surrey, and Sussex,<i 
 and one John Scalby was paid five pounds as a reward for giving information to the council, against some 
 of the Earl's friends in London who had concealed certain silver vessels belonging to him, of the value of 1 00 
 marks p The castle and lordship of Warwick, with divers manors, were given to Thomas Holland Earl of 
 Kent, and the rest of his land to otliers : his son Richard, with Ehzabeth his wife, were committed to the 
 custody of Holland, who had also a special grant from the king of a suit of arras-hanging, containing the 
 story of the famous Guy Earl of Warwick, and belonging to the banished Earl/ 
 
 His imprisonment at the Isle of Man lasted only for a year, when Scrope was paid £1074. 14^. 5d. for 
 expenses incurred by the Earl.= In 1398 he was removed to the Tower, where he remained in close custody 
 during the remainder of Richard's reign, but immediately on the accession of Henry IV. he was released 
 from confinement, restored in blood and honours, and made one of the lords of the Privy Council.'i 
 He now recovered all his property, having whatever goods were found in Warwick Castle belonging to 
 Thomas Holland before mentioned, and in particular the suit of arras-hanging containing the story of Guy. 
 
 In 1400, he was made a commissioner for arraying all the able men in his county according to their 
 estates, and agreed to find for the wars twenty men at arms and forty archers,' and this was the last act 
 of his public life ; his imprisonment had perhaps broken his constitution, hut however this may be, his 
 death occurred on the 8th April 1401, at the age of fifty-six years. 
 
 By his will, dated at Warwick Castle, 1st of April 1400, a year before his decease, he gave his body to 
 be buried in the collegiate church of Our Lady of Warwick, and bequeathed to every town whereof he was- 
 lonl or patron of the church, 20 marks in money : he willed, that at his funeral there should be SOOlbs. 
 weight of wax in six tapers and seven morters, which should remain in the said church ; also that sixty 
 poor men in gowns made of white cloth, should carry each of them a torch at the solemnization of his 
 funeral, and that forty of those torches after his exequies were finished, should be distributed to the poor 
 churches of his patronage, the remainder to remain to the collegiate church of Warwick : all his friends 
 attending the funeral were to have good entertainment, viz. a supper over night and a dinner on the next 
 day, and money was to be distributed to the poor according to the cHseretion of his executors : he desired also 
 that thirty trentals should be sung for his soul with alt possible speed after his decease, and likewise one 
 tliousand masses, viz. of the Trinity, of the Holy Ghost, of the Nativity of our Saviour, of the Holy Cross, 
 of the five festivals of our Lady, of the Resurrection, of the Ascension, of Corpus Christi, of the Angels, of 
 All Saints, and of Requiem, of every feast sixty-seven masses, five in the whole excepted : to the King he 
 gave an image of the Blessed Virgin with two cruets, silver and gilt, made in the shape of two angels ; to 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury a tablet of gold; to the college of our Lady at Warwick, a cross with the 
 pedestal silver and gilt, and enamelled with the story of the Passion, and a precious stone called a berill, 
 bound with silver and enamelled, to put the host into, also his best censer with a clialice, two cruets of 
 silver gilt, with a bason and a piece of silver enamelled : to his college of Elmley a vestment ; to Richard, 
 his son and heir, he gave his blessing, and a bed of silk embroidered with bears and his arms, with all 
 thereto appertaining, also the arras-hanging with the story of Guy, the sword and coat of mail which 
 belonged to that knight, likewise the harness and ragged staves, togetlier with the cup of the swan, and the 
 knives and salt-cellars for the coronation of a king : to his daughter he gave his best nouche : to several 
 other relations some gift at the discretion of his executors ; and to his cousin le Despenser, a pair of 
 paternosters of coral with buckles of gold.'' 
 
 Of his pious works the records are numerous : in 1 375 he estabhshed an anniversary of bis father in 
 the collegiate church of Warwick, for the solemnizing whereof the dean, canons, and vicars of that 
 church, and every priest in Warwick that should come to the Dirige and Mass, was to have his dinner and 
 fourpence in money, and Gs. Sd. to be given amongst the friars of the town ; 3a\ 4rf. to the canons of 
 St. Sepulchre's in the same town, and 20s. among the poor yearly. In 5" Ric. IL 1381, he built a cell in the 
 
 a Rot. Pari. III. 436. b Ibid. III. ?60. c Dugd. Warw. p. 287. d Devon's Issues, p. 265. 
 
 e Devon's Issues, p. 271. f Dugd. Wnrw. p. 287. S Devon's Issues, p. 271. 
 
 b Ord. Priv. Counc. I. 100. i Ord. Priv. Coun. I. k Test. Vet. p. 153. 
 
A.D. HOG. 
 
 AND LADY MARGARET, HIS COUNTESS. 
 
 8" ?t)riir: IV, 
 
 Carthusian Monastery, near Coventry, at the first foundation of that house: in 1382, he gave the perpetual 
 patronage of the church of St. James, situate over the Hong)'ngate in Warwick, to the guild of St. George, 
 recently founded there in a chapel over the said gate : and in 1391, having finished the choir of the collegiate 
 church begun by his father, and newly built from the ground the whole body of the church, he gave 
 the manor of Haselowe with the advowson of the church, and the advowson of the church of Wolfhamcote, 
 both in Warwickshire, together with the perpetual patronage of Wyclesford in Cambridgesliire, to the dean 
 and canons thereof, and their successors, to pray for the good estate of King Richard II, and of Queen 
 Anne his consort, of himself and Margaret his Countess, Sir William Beauchamp his brother and Joan his 
 wife, during their lives in this world, and for the health of their souls after their death, as also for the souls 
 of their progenitors, and all the faithful departed." 
 
 The estates and possessions of our Earl were immense : at the time of his death he held lands in no 
 less than twenty-two counties of England, comprising 4 castles, 66 manors, 40 advowsons of churches, and 
 166 knights' fees or parts of fees. The castles were, Warwick with its manor park and mill, Worcester, 
 Elmley, and Maud's Castle : he held the manor of Hamslape in Bucks, by the service of being one of the 
 Chamberlains of the Exchequer, and the manor of Flamsted in Herts, upon condition of maintaining part 
 of the high road called Wathng Street, leading from Redbourne towards Markeyate : his town residence was 
 in Old Dean's Lane in the city of London, where he had also several other messuages ; and he had besides 
 a small estate in Calais. At Warwick, he possessed the advowson of the collegiate church with five prebends 
 therein, also the hospitals of St. John and St. Michael in the same town.'' Nor was this all: his Countess 
 brought him, in her own right, lands in the counties of Norfolk, Devon, Gloucester, Cambridge, Essex, and 
 Worcester 
 
 This lady was Margaret, daughter of William Lord Ferrers of Groby : she survived her husband nearly 
 six years, dying 32nd January 1406-7, having by her will, dated the 28th of November preceding, bequeathed 
 her body to be buried at Warwick, ajipointing that at her funeral there should be five tapers containing 
 five pounds of wax, burning about her corpse from the beginning of service on the eve before, till the 
 high mass of Requiem on the morrow after, and that at the same time there should be twenty torches 
 held burning by as many poor men about her hearse, to remain afterwards for the altars of that church, 
 for the honour of God, according to ancient custom and right.^ 
 
 A destructive conflagration which broke out in Warwick on the 5th September 1G94, consumed in its 
 progress a great part of the church, including the south transept, where our Earl and his lady lay buried 
 " under a fair monument of marble," the form of which has been preserved by Hollar's engraving inserted in 
 Dugdale's History of the county / the figures, surmounted by pointed canopies with crockets and finials, were 
 inlaid on the upper slab, over which was a horizontal canopy supported by arches springing from octagonal 
 shafts at each comer; the tomb was enriched with scutcheons representing the arms and alhances of the 
 noble families of Beauchamp and Ferrers. Of all this nothing appears to have been preserved, excepting the two 
 figures represented in our engraving, which still remain without any appearance of blemish ; they have been 
 richly gilt, but whether in the first instance, or subsequently, is not very apparent. On the reconstruction 
 of the church, the Brasses were placed in a conspicuous position against the eastern wall of the south 
 transept, and beneath was fixed a tablet of marble, recording with some elegance the principal events in the 
 life of the Earl ; the inscription is given below : 
 
 D.O.M. et jEtemai Memorise 
 Sacrum. 
 
 Cui templum hoc fruatra in Mau.solieura, ipsaque aras in refiig^mn habuit, 
 E somno, quo treccntoa amplius annos jacuit sepitltus, 
 Quemque non nisi communi rerum rogo perturbatum in putarat, experrectua, 
 Assurgit ecce & adsUt : 
 Vir ille inclytus pietate et bellica virtute seque insignia ; 
 RegiUB nunc Amor, nunc Invidia, Regno semper dilcctns, 
 Fortunaj aliquando lusus, tandem victor, blandienti par, novercant* major, 
 Hcroum nominis semper Gallise terribilis, tantum non ultimus, 
 Thomas de Bellocampo, Comes Varvici, 
 Insulanim Guernsey, Sarke et Aureney Prafectus, Ordinis Pericelidis Equea, 
 Edvardo III. Priucipi fcelici invicto ob res egregias Anglia et GalUa gestas in paucis charua, 
 Richard: 11. minorenni per Conventum Rcgni Ordinmn Curator admotus, 
 Eodem Rege aui aut suorum potius jnris facto majeatatis damnatus, m Manniam deportatus, 
 Ab Henrico IV. ad Census et Honorea postUmmio revocatns ; 
 Qui cum aatis Patriie, sibi, et Glonfe suie vixisset, 
 Una cum Margarbta uxore aua hie loci contumulatna 
 Anno Dom. MCCCCI. 
 
 Ne in cineribus tedis hujus collegiata., quarn ipse estruxerat, pcriret, et monumentum sepulchrale Fundatoris, Imagines hasce, sacrilegig ereptas 
 flammia, erigi curavit Unus 
 
 E Fidei Commissariis ad Urbem et jEdem hanc Sacram reedificandas senatns decreto constitutis 
 Et memorife tanti Nominis Aere et Marmora perennioria 
 Hoc quali quali Elogio parentat 
 Anno Dom. MDCCVI. 
 
 Four scutcheons are preserved ; 1st. Gules, a fesse between six cross crosslets or, Beauchamp ; 2nd. Beau- 
 champ, impaUng, Gules, seven mascles, 3, 3, and 1, or, Ferrers; 3rd. Cheeky, or and azure, a chevron ermine, 
 for Newburgh ; 4th. Newburgh, quartering. Argent (defaced) 
 
 » Dudg. Wanv. p. 288. b Castrum Matildis, " in the Welsh Marches. c Esc. 2° Hen. IV. 
 
 •1 Esc. 8' Hen. IV. c Test. Vet. p. 169. f The vignette on the next page is reduced from Hollars print. 
 
A.D. 1406. 
 
 THOMAS DE BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF WARWICK, &c. 
 
 8" itjrnr: IV. 
 
 The original inscription was as usual of a simple character ; it is here taken from Dugdale : 
 •i* ©ic iarfitt Doitihtuti Wtfoma^ ac UrllonimiJO guontiam CTomre aiaitartoici qui ofiiit octauo trie mcmi& 
 Slprilis Slniio £3amiiit imilr^imo tf-tftCiff yrimo rt Domtna iiHargarrta uxor riu9 auonOam tFomttissn 
 aaiarUjici q,ut ofltjt rxi( [pic] mtmi& SJanuavtj aiuno j^omini MUle&imo tStSfStlt ficito ijuorum animatius 
 propiciftur 23rus anicit. 
 
 The preservation of these heautiful figures is a circumstance to be hailed by every lover of monumental 
 art, for as far as we are at present acquainted, they are the only engraved plates wherein recourse has 
 been had to the delicate method of puncturing or pouncing the surface, by way of diaper to the heraldic 
 charges, and as an additional ornament to the costume ; the intricacy of the design, and the beauty of the 
 workmanship, evince the hand of no common artist ; the pattern is similar to that which appears on the 
 effigy of the Queen of Richard II. at Westminster, the date of which is about twelve years earher," and 
 it is possible that both monuments were executed under the superintendence of the same designer. 
 
 The Earl is equipped in the military costume prevalent at the close of the 14th century: the camail 
 is probably attached to the bascinet in the usual manner, but the lace is protected from injury by a raised 
 band, ornamented with Ragged staves, one of the well-known cognizances of the family ; the jupon, which is 
 charged with the arms of Beauchamp, has an escalloped edge with a pounced border of trefoils ; below is a 
 skirt of chain-mail, and gussets of the same material are seen at each armpit and instep ; the epauli^res, 
 which consist of three overlapping pieces, have each a zigzag ornament, wluch also appears as a hordure 
 to the rerebraces. At the bend of the elbow are circular plates, each charged with a ragged staff ; the 
 gauntlets are furnished with gadhngs, and the cuffs arc worked with a lozenge ornament, which is repeated 
 at the genoulli^res. The sword and dagger are appended to a rich belt fixed over the hips ; the scabbard 
 of the sword is pounced with the ragged staff and a sprig alternately : at the feet is a Bear with a chain, another 
 family cognizance; the hair of the animal is represented by punctured lines. Although Warwick was a 
 Knight of the Garter, the badge of that order is not seen on his effigies ; it was of course forfeited at his 
 attainder, and, having been given to another, could not perhaps be restored. 
 
 The dress of the lady is very simple ; a close body-gown with tight sleeves buttoned down the arm, 
 is surmounted by a flowing mantle. The gown is charged with the armorial bearings of her own family, 
 the mantle with those of her husband, and both garments have a running bordure of a delicate pattern : upon 
 the head is worn a frilled cap, much in fashion during the reign of Richard II. ; a veil is attached to it 
 behind, and rests on the shoulders; a chaplet, probably of jewels, is passed over the forehead, and at her 
 feet is a small dog wearing a collar of bells. 
 
 The figures are well proportioned; the features of the Earl, who is represented with mustachios, have 
 a more defined expression than is usually met with on Brasses ; in the lady, the artist has partially failed 
 in an evident attempt to delineate feminine beauty. 
 
 The Bear and Ragged Staff were distinct cognizances, although sometimes united : Dugdale has preserved 
 the account of William Seburgh, " Citizen and Peyntour of London," for banners, &c. supplied to Richard 
 Earl of Warwick, the son of our Earl; in it occurs an item of " cccc Pencels bete with the Raggide 
 Staffe of silver," also a " Gyton for the shippe of \iij yerdis longe poudrid full of raggid staves ; " then we 
 have " xviij standardis of worsted entretailled with the Bare and a Cheyne," precisely as it appears on the Brass ; 
 in one entry only are the two joined together, " Item, for a grete Stremour for the ship of xl yerdis lenghth 
 and viij yerdis in brede, with a grete Bere and Gryfon holding a Raggid staffe, poudrid full of ragged staves." 
 The origin of these cognizances is thus explained by Dugdale. " The first Earl of Warwick was Arthgal, 
 one of the knights of King Arthur's Round Table ; but the Britons did not pronounce the G in that name, 
 and Ai'th, or Narth, signifieth the same as Ursus in Latin, from whence it is conjectured that he took the 
 Bear for his ensign. The next earl was Mor-vidus, who, being a man of great valour, slew a mighty giant 
 in a single duel ; which giant encountered him with a young tree pulled up by the root, the boughs being 
 snag'd from it, in token whereof, he and his successors, Earls of Warwick in the time of the Britons, bore 
 a Ragged Staff of silver in a sable shield for their cognizance." 
 
 a The efBgies of Kichard II. and kis Queen were executed by Nicholas Broker and Godfrey Prest, citizens and coppersmiths of London ; 
 the contract was entered into 24tL Aprd, 1395. See Rymer'a Fcedera, VII. 797 ; also Hollis' Monumental EfSgies, Part I. and Arch!eolog;ia, 
 XXIX. p. 52. 
 
AND 
 
 ILaig Cltiafiftl) mitt. 
 
 A.D. 1473. 13" OOtoarH: IV. 
 
 Knyghtes in their conisante ekd for the nones, 
 And lonely ladies ywrought, lejen by her sydes 
 In many gay g;amemena. 
 
 Piers Plouhman's Crede. 
 
 The name of Say belonged to a family settled in Hertfordshire at a period anterior to the Norman Conquest. 
 The town of Sawbridgeworth in that county is called in Domesday and other ancient records Sabricstworth, from 
 the seat of Say the Lord thereof, the bridge, and worth, a mansion or dwelling house.^ This Say, in the Saxon 
 era, lived in a house situated upon the side of a hill between the town and the river, which was called Says Bury, 
 signifying the seat or dwelling-place of the Lord of the Manor, " and though, " says Chauncy, " this house has 
 been demolished for a long time, yet part of the foundation thereof may be seen in a field at this day called 
 Saye's Garden." It may he added as a remarkable circumstance, that through all the changes of eight centuries, 
 this manor continued in the possession of the original family ; it had indeed been granted at the Conquest to 
 Geoffrey de MagnaviUe, but after the lapse of some years it reverted by marriage to Wilham de Say, in the reign 
 of Stephen. Geoffrey, his grandson, was one of the twenty-five barons appointed to enforce the observances of 
 Magna Charta : from him we have a regular descent to Sir Wilham de Say, who died 6 Richard II. leaving issue 
 John and Ehzabeth. John died a minor, leaving Elizabeth his sister and heir, then sixteen years of age ; she was 
 twice married, but died in 1399 without issue. " Sayes Manor in Sabricstworth," now became vested in a 
 descendant of one of the collateral branches of the family ; for in S. Henry V. John de Say conveyed the same, 
 with the appurtenances, to Henry Murston clerk, and others, but in trust for himself, as he died seised thereof 
 and without issue, 8 Edw. IV. whereupon it came to Sir John Say, Knight, the personage here commemorated. 
 
 Nothing is known of his early life ; but he had doubtless received a liberal education, which, combined 
 with natural good abilities, formed his qualification in after life for holding high offices in the State : 
 he was probably introduced when young into the Court of Henry VI. and continued ever after to be 
 connected with the royal household. The earliest occasion on which his name occurs is in a letter from the 
 King to the Archbishop of Canterbury, then Chancellor of England, dated 1447, commanding him to issue 
 letters of pardon to one Thomas Kerver, " and do them to be delyv'ed un to our' svaunt Jotm Say to whom 
 we wol that ye yef feith' in Jiat he shaH sey to yow in this be halfe." The following year, he is again 
 mentioned in a petition to the King to the following purport; — 
 
 " Like hit unto the King oure sou5ain lord to g^unte yo'' tres of warrant direct to John Merston squier Tresorer of your 
 chamfer and keper of yo'' jewelt, charging hym to delive of yo'' gifte a cuppe of silv and gilt coved and chased to John Say 
 squier, weyng of troie weight iiij"^ xj unf iij q^rt to be taken of fe stuffe in youre jewett hous." 
 
 It is difficult to understand whether the chased cup of silver gilt was intended as a gift to Say, or that 
 it was merely to be delivered into his hands for some purpose not mentioned: the petition, however, was granted. 
 
 At the commencement of the next year, viz. on the 18th Feby. 1449, he first appears as a member of 
 the Pri\'y Council;'' he had just previously been returned as a Knight of the shire for Hertfordshire, and when 
 Parliament met at Westminster after the prorogation, he was chosen Speaker of the House of Commons. The 
 House sat for a short time at the Blackfriars, in Ludgate, and adjourned over till the end of January.* 
 
 Say appears at this period to have been deeply imphcated in the political intrigues of the Duke of 
 Suffolk, and on the breaking out of Jack Cade's insurrection, when that rebel obtained possession of the city, 
 he, together with the Duchess of Suffolk, Ayscough, Bishop of Salisbury, Fiennes Lord Say, a distant relative, 
 Thomas Daniel, and others, was indicted of treason at Guildhall before the Lord Mayor and the King's Justices.* 
 Fiennes was beheaded without trial at the Standard in Cheap ; the rest were acquitted, but the Bishop of 
 Sahsbury was soon after murdered. It is evident that Say was obnoxious to the people, on account of his 
 connexion with Suffolk, all the adherents of that unfortunate minister being objects of distrust and hatred : 
 a contemporary satire accuses them of bringing the King to poverty and the country to ruin; Say and 
 Daniel are mentioned by name. 
 
 Ye that haue the Kyng to demene Tom' of Say and Daniel!' both 
 
 And frauucheaea gif theym' a gejTie To be gyfi be not to loth 
 
 Or els I rede ye lie Then shall' ye haue no shame 
 
 For ye haue made the Kyng ao pore Who will' not he shall' not chese 
 
 That now he beggeth fro dore to dore And his life he shall' lese 
 
 Alas hit shuld so he. No reson will us blame, e 
 
 Say ■was succeeded in the Speakership by Sir John Popham, who was elected 9th Nov. 1450. In the year following 
 his name again occurs in an unfavourable point of view, being included amongst the persons whom the Commons 
 prayed to be removed from the King's presence for life, for misbehaving about his royal person, and *'by whos 
 undue means youre possessions have been gretely amenused, youre lawes not executed, and the peas of this youre 
 Reame not observed nother kept." They entreated the King, considering " howe universall noyse and claymour 
 
 a Chauncy, I. 388. b Excerpt. Hist. 281. t Nicolas' Ordinances of the Privy Council, VI. 326. 
 
 J Ibid. p. 67. e Wyrcest. Annal. f Ibid. S Cott. Chart. II. 23. Ii Rot. Pari. V. 216. 
 
A.D. 1473. 
 
 SIR JOHN SAY, KNIGHT, 
 
 13" csfttoarH: IV. 
 
 of the seid mysbehavyng renneth openly thorough all this youre Reame uppon these same persones, that is to 
 sey, Edmond Duke of Somerset, Alice Pole late the wyfe of WiUiam Pole late Duke of Suffolk, Thomas Danyell 
 late of London squyer, Thomas Kent clerk of youre Counseill, John Say late of London, Sf/uier, Maister Gervays 
 le Volore oon of youre secretaries, and many others, to ordeigne by auctorite of this your present Pariement, 
 that they be voided and araoeved fro youre moost noble presence, so that none of them approche youre 
 seid presence by the space of twelve myle uppon peyne of forfeiture of their goods ; and that every of the 
 seid persones so named of misbehaving, having any occupation or office about your person, forfette the same 
 with fees and wages longing thereto fro the 1st December this 29th yere of youre reigne." The King, with 
 characteristic timidity, afraid wholly either to refuse or to consent to this petition, adopted a middle course, 
 and agreed, that except the person of any lord named therein, and except also certain persons " right fewe 
 in nombre" which had been accustomed continually to wait upon his person {among whom Say may be 
 included) the remainder should be banished from his court for a year. 
 
 The unpleasant portion of our biography is not yet completed ; we have seen Say indicted for treason, 
 railed at by the balladraongers, and made the subject of an address to the Crown : it was perhaps a 
 consciousness of unpopularity that now induced him to abandon the cause he had hitherto espoused, and to 
 take refuge in the rising strength of the Yorkist party. Under other circumstances this would not he matter 
 for obloquy, the claims of the Duke of York being undoubtedly founded in justice ; but no excuse can be offered 
 for those, who, having taken a solemn oath of allegiance to the reigning sovereign, deserted him at his need. 
 Say had been brought up in the Court, had been a constant attendant upon the person of Henry, had formed 
 one of the Council of the Duke of Suffolk, and shared the dangers and odium attendant thereon ; yet three 
 years after, when the King had fallen into a state of mental imbecility, and tlie Duke of York was appointed 
 Protector of the kingdom, he appears in the first Privy Council summoned after that event as one of five 
 Yorkists, introduced to the exclusion of fifteen of the opposite party.^ 
 
 The royal household being re-estabhshed shortly after, he was appointed one of the esquu-es for the 
 King's body, and in 1455 was made a Commissioner for Hertfordshire with John Leventhorp Esq. to 
 communicate with the people of that county, touching the means necessary for ensuring the safety of Calais, 
 then threatened by the French, and to the intent that " so rare a jewell for Englande, acquired at such labour, 
 pain and outrageous costs, " should be preserved, they were directed to move the people to grant money by 
 way of loan, for the purveyance of spears and bows and other matters necessary for its defence.'* 
 
 He continued a member of the Privy Council during the remainder of the reign of Henry VL while the 
 Yorkist party were in the ascendant, and on the accession of Edward IV. was resummoned to assist at its 
 deliberations. He was also made Under-Ti-easurer of the Exchequer, and in the second Parliament of this 
 reign, which met at Westminster on the 29th April 14(i3, was again chosen Speaker of the House of Commons. 
 This Parliament granted the king an aid of £37,000, and subsequently, a fixed sum for life on wool, 
 woolfells, &c. 
 
 Say was knighted about the year 1465. In 1467 he was constituted a Commissioner to treat with the 
 Duke of Burgundy for the maintenance of the truce, and for the encouragement of a free intercourse of 
 merchandise. The same year he was a third time chosen Speaker ; and on being presented to the King, 
 his Majesty spoke as follows : 
 
 " John Say, and ye Sirs, comyn to this my Court of Pariement for the Comon of tliis my Lond. Tlie cause why Y 
 have called and sommoned this my present Pariement is, that Y purpose to lyve uppon myn owne, and not to charge my 
 Subgettes but in grete and urgent causes, concernyng more the wele of theyra self, and also the defence of theym and of 
 this my Reame, rather than myn owne pleasir, as heretofore by Commons of this Londe hath been doon and born unto 
 my Progenitours in tyme of nede ; wheryn Y trust that ye Sirs, and all the Common of this my Lond, woU be as tender 
 and kynde unto me in suche cases, as heretofore eny Commons have been to eny of my seid Progenitours. And for the 
 good willes, kyndnes, and true bertes that ye have born, contynued and shewed unto me at all tymes heretofore, Y thank 
 you as hertely as Y can, as so Y trust ye will contynue in tyme commyng; for the whiclie by the grace of God, Y shall 
 be to you as good and gratious Kyng, and reigne as rightwisely uppon you as ever did eny of my Progenitours uppon 
 Commons of this my Reame in dayes past; and shall also, in tyme of nede, applie my persone for the wele and defence 
 of you and of this my Reame, not sparyng my body nor lyfe for eny Jeoparde that mought iiappen to the same." ■= 
 
 In 1469, Say was appointed a Commissioner with Sir Thomas Urswyk, Chief Baron of the Exchequer/ 
 and others, to inquire into the state of the coinage, and certain alleged abuses in the royal Mint.= After 
 this time he is less frequently mentioned : his name occurs as Sir John Say of Brokesbome, Knight, in 
 a list of all manner of persons resident in Hertfordshire that could dispend ten pounds by the year : ^ in 
 1472 he was made a feoffee under the will of Ehzabeth, Duchess of Norfolk, of all her manors and lands ; e in 
 1475 he was witness to a deed between the bishops of Lincoln and Durham, conveying lands in his county;'' 
 in 1476 he was again associated with Urswyk in a commission to view and order the repairs of the banks of 
 the river Lea;' and in 1477, the year preceding his decease, he was, for the sixth time, returned to 
 Parhament to represent his native county.*^ 
 
 At the time of his death, which took place at the commencement of the year 1478, Sir John Say was 
 possessed of considerable property, part of which was the reward of his adherence to the house of York. 
 He held the manors of Hackford and Uphall, with part of the manor of Wortham, in the county of 
 
 a Nicolas' Ord. VI. Iv. b I^id. p. 239. 
 
 J Sir Thomas Urswyk and his lady are buried at Dagcnham in Essex, where their brass still r 
 Camden Society in their " Illustrations of Monumental Brasses," p. 99. 
 
 e Rot. ParL V. p. 634. f MS. Coll. Arm. g Test. Vet. 4 
 
 ' Chauncy, I. p. 9. k Clutterbuck, I. xxvij. 
 
 c Rot. Pari. V. 572. 
 IS ; it has been pubhshed by the Cambridge 
 
 b Chauncy, I. 377. 
 
A.D. 14-3. AND LADY ELIZABETH HIS WIFE. 13- C?litoarlr: IV. 
 
 Norfolk. In Hertfordshire he held no less than thirteen manors, including the inalienable estate of 
 Sawbridgeworth, besides lands and tenements ua Essendon, Hatfield, North Munms, and Northaw. In Essex 
 he held a member of the castle of Frome, and the manor of Lalleford, with the advowson of the church, 
 of Ehzabeth Queen of England, as of her castle of Frome, and the other lands of Henry Bourchier Earl of 
 Essex ; also three manors in Lyston, held of the King in caplte by grand serjeancy, viz. by the service of 
 making wafers for the King's use on the day of his coronation." 
 
 He was twice married: first, to Elizabeth, widow of Frederick Tilney, Esq. and daughter of Lawrence 
 Cheyny, Esq. of Fen Ditton, in Cambridgeshire; secondly, to Agnes, daughter of Sir John Danvers of 
 Banbury, and widow of Sir John Fray, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, her second husband, having been 
 previously married to Lord Wenlock, who was killed at the battle of Tewkesbury. 
 
 The monument was erected by Sir John Say to the memory of his first wife, who died on the 25th 
 September 14/3; and, in accordance with a prevalent custom, the figure of himself was executed at the 
 same period, under the expectation, when his course was run, of being consigned to the same resting place. 
 It is a fine altar-tomb of Purbeck marble, placed on the south side of the altar in the interesting church of 
 Broxbourn : the Brasses occupy the cover-stone, round three sides of which an inscription on brass is 
 engraved in rehef in the following words. 
 
 ^ ?^frr fiyrtfj Damr mi\a.bn\\ ^amxme taiitf [10 5iv 3loljn Sai? Slnigfjt Oausljtft of %imcmt (ffftrpiiy 
 t!?g5]uyri- of «TamI)n0gE ^tiirr a ^^oman of iiofilc filoDc iinO moot nofilr tit goDf i«attrrs totjicft 
 arrrssru tdc xxM Bay of ^rutrmtifr Z^t ycrr of oiirr UorB a tftfCiff \xxii\ anD riitirrtj in iljie 
 cliirri) of lirofersfloin afipapttg arijc fioflgc of ijir saiO JijusfianU tofjosp Soulrs <@oO tirgng to (Surr 
 [lasting filissr].'' 
 
 By this lady, who was godmother to Edward IV. Say had five children. William, the eldest son, was 
 created a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of Richard III ; he died in 1529, and is buried at Broxbourn, 
 on the opposite side of the chancel. Thomas, the second son, succeeded to the Essex property; Leonard was 
 brought up for the Church. The eldest daughter, called after her mother, Ehzabeth, was married to Wilham 
 Lord Mountjoy ; and Mary, to Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex.^ 
 
 Lady Agnes Say did not long survive her husband. She made her will on the Uth June 1478, wherein 
 she desired her body to be buried in the church of St. Bartholomew the Little, in London, near to the 
 tomb where Su- John Fray, her second husband, lay buried; she ordained a priest to sing for the souls of 
 her three husbands the trental of St. Gregory, in a place to he assigned by her daughter, Margaret, wife 
 of Sir John Leynham, Knight, to whom she gave a cup of silver, bason and ewer. The will was proved 
 on the 16th July following."^ 
 
 The figures present fine examples of the costume of the age, and we may consider them to have been 
 executed under the immediate superintendence of Sir John Say himself. He wears a close-fitting tabard, 
 emblazoned with his armorial bearings : the neck is protected by a hausse-col of mail, over which is a collar 
 of suns and roses, the distinguishing badge of the house of York adopted by Edward IV. after the battle 
 of Mortimer's Cross, A.D. 1461; the coutes, escalloped and fluted, are attached by arming points, the tagged 
 extremities of which appear tied outside. Cufi'ed gauntlets, with flexible defences for the fingers, protect the 
 hand and wrist. Under the tabard was worn a skirt of taces, to which were appended tuilles and tuillettes, 
 which appear over the thighs and hips : under these is seen chain-mail, being either a skirt worn under 
 the taces, or more probably a narrow band of mail attached to them for greater security. Overlapping 
 plates are affixed both above and below to the genouUieres, gussets of mail forming a safeguard behind : 
 the sollerets are pointed and flexible, the spurs long, and riveted to the heel under the edge of the jambers. 
 The sword hangs diagonally in front from a plain narrow belt; the hilt and pommel have a tassel of 
 fringe, the handle fretted ; a dagger is worn as usual on the right side. 
 
 The lady is habited in a rich state dress ; a corse, edged with fur, is worn over a long gown with 
 tight sleeves, partly concealed by a long mantle, embroidered with her family arms; it is fastened on the 
 breast by a cordon of silk. The head-dress is remarkable, the hair being all drawn into a rich caul, from 
 which projects a veil of fine gauze stiffened with wires to resemble wings, whence it is known as the 
 buttei-fly head-di-ess; it was a fashion both cumbersome and ungraceful. The extreme delicacy of the 
 workmanship is shewn by the upper part of the caul, over which the veil passes, being engraved less deeply 
 than the rest. A gorgeous carkeyne or necklace of gold chased work set with precious stones, jewelled rin^s 
 decorating the fingers, a narrow waist, and excessively pointed shoes, are the other striking features in the 
 attire of this distinguished lady. 
 
 The upper shield to the right bears the arms of Say, Parted per pale azure and gules, three chevronels 
 or, each charged with another humett^, counterchanged of the field : that on the left contains three coats 
 impaled; 1st, Quarterly or and sable, a bend lozengy gules, Cheyny; 2nd, Gules, a fesse dancette between 
 six cross-crosslets or ; 3rd. Barry of six or and azure, on a bend gules three mullets pierced of the first, 
 Pabenham ? The atchievement in the centre shews the sliield and hebnet surmounted by the crest of Say, 
 viz. on a torse of boughs, a stag's head (argent). The cointise or mantling is lined with ermine, the 
 exterior being red: the colour is represented by fine enamel, almost as perfect as when first inlaid. 
 
 Annexed is the autograph of Sir John Say, from his signature to one of the acts of the Council. 
 
 > Esc. 18 Edw. IV. 
 
 b The bracketed portions are now lost, as well as a shield beneath each figure : the other niutilalions of this brass are slight, except the 
 head of Sir John Say, which has been removed since Cough's time ; our engraving is slightly restored from his plate. 
 Moraut, II. 320. d Test. Vet. p. 347. 
 
Circa A.D. 1475. 14" (fSDUiarti: IV. 
 
 I eiit.remete me of brocages, 
 I makin pece and inarii^;cs, 
 I am gladly exeeutour. 
 And many times a procuratour ; 
 1 am sometimes a messagere. 
 
 Romaunt of the Rose. 
 
 Blount, in his Glossographia, defines a Notary to be a scribe or scrivener, that only takes short notes, or 
 makes a short draught of contracts, obligations, or other instruments : these notes he may deUver to the parties 
 that gave him instructions, if they desire no more ; but if they do, he must deliver them to a Tabellion, who draws 
 them at large, engrosses them on parchment, and keeps a register of them. The definition of Blomefield affords 
 some additional information. "Where parties had no seal, or their seal was little known, nothing was more 
 common than for a Public Notary to affix his mark, which, being registered at their admission into office, was of as 
 public a nature as any seal could be, and of as great sanction to any instrument, those officers being always sworn 
 to the true execution of their office, and to affix no other mark than that they had registered, for which reason 
 they are called Public Notaries, Nota signifying a mark, and Public, because their mark was pubhcly registered, 
 and their officp was to be public to all that had any occasion for them to strengthen their evidence."" 
 
 The office of a Notary existed before the Christian era. Notarii were persons employed by the Romans to 
 take by notie, trials and pleadings in their courts of judicature : they were originally of servile conchtion, but, 
 under the reign of Justinian, were formed into a corporate body. Notarii were also appointed to attend the prefects 
 to transcribe for them. There were likewise Notarii Domestici, whose employment consisted in keeping the 
 accounts of the lloman nobility. When the empire became Christian, there were Notaries for ecclesiastical affairs, 
 who attested the acts of archbishops, and other spiritual dignitaries. Ecclesiastical Notaries are mentioned at 
 Rome under Pope Juhus IV, and in the church of Antioch about A.D. 3/0. They were appointed also by the 
 primitive Fathers to collect the acts and memoirs of the Hves of the martyrs in the first century. 
 
 In England, the Notary is an officer of the civil and canon law, and must be admitted to practice by the Court 
 of Faculties of the archbishop of Canterbury. He takes precedence after solicitors, but formerly his rank would 
 seem to have been higher, for in the poll-tax levied in the reign of Richard II. all Notaries were to pay twenty 
 shilhngs, while attornies paid but a third of tliat sum. Anciently, one Notary was sufficient for the attestation of 
 any act, and according to the canon law is equal to two witnesses. Massinger alludes to this pri'vilege rather 
 sarcastically in his Comedy of a New Way to pay Old Debts : Sir Giles Overreach is endeavouring to persuade 
 his time-serving creature, Marrall, to lend the weight of his evidence In support of a fraudulent deed, which, by 
 stratagem, and to the consternation of the former, had been deprived of its seal and signature. 
 
 I know thou wilt swear any thing to dash 
 Thia cunning alcight; besides, Ihnow thou ai'l 
 A pvblic Notary, and such stand in law 
 For a dozen witnesses. 
 
 Act V. Sc. 1. 
 
 During the middle ages, the office was held in high estimation, and Notaries were frequently employed on 
 embassies to foreign countries, and other important trusts. Tlie earhest notice of them in England is in a grant 
 by King John, dated 24th April, 1 199, to one Master Philip, a messenger and Notary of the Pope, of thirty marks 
 of silver annually until the King could better provide for him by an ecclesiastical benefice.'' This Notary was on a 
 mission from Rome to the English clergy, for writs were directed to all archbishops, bishops, &c. to receive him 
 with proper respect and honour.' In the reign of Henry III. mention is made of John the Notary, messenger of 
 the Venerable R. Cardinal of St. Angeli, who received from the Exchequer thirty marks for his expenses, although 
 how these were incurred is not stated.'' 
 
 In the year 1292 we find a payment of five pounds to Master John Bush, a Notary PubUc of London, for 
 transcribing and reducing into a public form the bulls of Pope Nicholas the Fourth, and for certain expenses in 
 travelling upon the same business." In the reign of Edward II. a papal Notary sat as a commissioner to take the 
 examination of Wilham de Pynnebury, prior of Lanthony, who had been imphcated in the rebellion of the Earl of 
 Hereford.' William de Feriby and Dionysius Lopham are mentioned by name as Notaries Public, deputed with 
 others to receive from Richard II. liis resignation of the crown John Cole the Pope's Notary appears as a witness 
 to the excommunication of Sir John Oldcastle : *■ and a few years later Edward IV. granted an annuity of fifty 
 marks to Master Gervase le Volore, who had been a faithful adherent to the house of York, for his meritorious 
 services during a space of forty-three years, as one of the King's Notaries in his French Chancery.' 
 
 R HisL of Norfolk, vol. I. p. 103. b Rol. Chart. 1 John. c Ibid. Devon's Issues of the Exchequer, 42 Hen. III. 
 
 e Devon's Issues, 20 Edw. 1. f Abbrev. Plac. 17 Edw. III. B Rot. Pari. III. p. 416. h Ibid. IV. p. 110. 
 
 i Rot. Pari. V. p. 530. 
 
A.D. 1475, 
 
 A NOTARY. 
 
 14" (SDUiartr: IV. 
 
 The foregoing extracts, which have been taken at random, shew the importance attached to the notarial office 
 during a period when few except the clergy were sufficiently educated to undertake any responsible trust : indeed 
 the Notaries themselves were frequently of the sacerdotal order ; but as commerce increased, and its various 
 ramifications required to be systematically regulated, it became necessary to separate, in a great measure, the 
 different functions of an ecclesiastical and commercial Notary. In England this took place early in the fifteenth 
 century, and the business of a civil Notary has not much differed in its character since that period ; he has to attest 
 deeds and writings so as to establish their authenticity in a foreign country, to note the presentation of bills of 
 exchange when not duly honoured, and protest them if required ; and to note and draw up in form the protests of 
 all ships that have met with accident or damage at sea : such importance is attached to these duties, that no claim 
 can be established in a court of law unless they have been regularly performed. 
 
 A marriage contract entered into before a Notary was valid at an early period, and is alluded to in the Vision 
 of Piers Plouhman : the author seems to hint that they sometimes urged on marriages for their own advantage. 
 Theology is upbraiding Civil and Simony with having betrothed Mede to False Faithless, and tells them that they 
 and the Notaries are bringing her to ruin. 
 
 " And ])ow hast feffjd hure wt Fals. fy on suche lawe 
 For )iorw leaj-nges je lauhte largelich Mede 
 That jc ncmejj i Notaries to nauht bj g^Tiiie|) brynge." 
 
 Theology urges them to go to London, and learn whether the marriage can legally take place between Mede and 
 Falsehood, for that she ought to be married to Truth : Simony, hearing this, bribes the Notaries to complete 
 their work. 
 
 " Hereto asentyd Cyvyle, ac Symonie np wolde 
 Tyl he had selvcr for ]» seel, a sygno of Notaries 
 Tho fetto Favel forji floreynes ynowe 
 And bad Gyle go gyve gold all aboute 
 Namelich to Notaries jiat non of hem faillc."fl 
 
 Amongst the various duties of an ancient Notary, that of drawing up and attesting the execution of wills was 
 not the least important: one of the witnesses to the testament of William of Wykeham, bishop of Winchester, is 
 William Doune, Notary Pubhc, who is specially mentioned as the writer thereof.'' The following anecdote is 
 connected with this part of our subject, and affords a specimen of notarial wit. 
 
 « A Scrivener was writing a marchant's last will and testament, in which the marchant expressed many debts that were 
 owing him, which he willed his executors to take up and dispose to such and such uses. A kinsman of this marchant's then 
 standing hy, and hoping for some good thing to be bequeathed him, long'd to heare some good news to that effect, and said unto 
 the scrivener, ' Hagh, hagh, what saith my uncle now? doth he now make his maundies?' No (answered the scrivener) he is yet 
 in his demaunds'"'^ 
 
 The Brass from which our engraving is taken, Hes in the chancel of the church of St. Mary at the Tower, 
 Ipswich, and is the earliest example of a Notary that has been met with. The style of execution, and its general 
 character, warrant our assuming for it the date of 14/5. In its original state, the figure was surmounted by an 
 elegant canopy supported on slender shafts : at equal distances down each side were small scrolls, one of which 
 still remains inscribed, Citii lauS, Wibi fl'lia. The monumental inscription was engraved on a fillet encirchng the 
 edge of the stone, and is entirely lost. 
 
 The figure is habited in the long gown of the period, which was of blue or grey cloth fringed with fur. The 
 feet have pointed shoes, or rather short boots, laced at the sides. Over the left shoulder is slung a cap, having 
 attached a long scarf or hood which hangs down in front ; this, it has been suggested, was the badge of his 
 ecclesiastical function, but it was not customary with the Church to delegate any part of its authority to laymen, 
 and the absence of a clerical tonsure sufficiently indicates that our Notary was not in holy orders : it rather 
 appears to have been a simple mark of office, and is only found on Brasses during the latter part of the 15th 
 century. Examples may be met with on the figures of William Monde, 1488,'' Wilham Style, 1490," Bartholomew 
 Wilsden, controller of the Great Roll of the Pipe, 1492,' and Roger Hiu-per, 1493:'^ all unconnected with 
 ecclesiastical affairs. 
 
 The countenance is marked and bears the impress of age, the hands are conjoined in the usual manner, and 
 on the breast lies a scroll wherein the deceased is made to express Ids hope of redemption, accompanied by a 
 prayer to the Holy Trinity. 
 
 Urposita rst Jjrr spts mra i stnu mro 
 5fa trinitas un' ac* nusrrfrr inri. 
 
 The mound of earth on which the figure is placed, was doubtless intended to convey to the spectator an 
 impressive moral ; emblems of mortality are scattered around, but the grass grows up, and the trefoil flourishes in 
 fuU vigour. 
 
 A girdle, fastened round the waist, is buckled in front, and confines the outer robe : on the left side was worn 
 the gypciere, but this is concealed by the scarf ; on the right, attached by a silken cord, are seen the inkhorn and 
 pencase, the distinguishing badge of a Notary, who never travelled without these useful accompaniments. This 
 curious feature of costume did not escape the penetration of our great poet, whose eye was ever observant 
 of those personal details which give point and individuality to a character: the allusion is so apt, that we give the 
 passage entire. 
 
 a Visio Wiih de Petro Plouhman, ascrihed to Robert Langland, a secular priest of the County of Salop, and written about 1362. Wliitaker's 
 EdiUon, p. 32. 
 
 b Nicolas' Testamenta Vetusta, p. 773. i- Brand's Popular Antiqdties, Ellis' Edition. 
 
 ^ At Newington, Kent. >^ St. Nicholas Church, Ipswich. f Wilsdon, Middlesex. e Axbridge, Someraet. 
 
A.D. 1475. 
 
 A NOTARY. 
 
 14° ©tttoarB: IV. 
 
 Enter some, bringing in the Clerk of Chatham. 
 . Smith. The Clerk of Chatham : he can write and read, and cast accompt. 
 Cade. O monstrous ! 
 
 Smith. We took him setting of boys' copies. 
 Cade. Here's a villain ! 
 
 Smith. H'as a book in his pocket with red letters in't. 
 Cade. Nay, then he 's a conjuror. 
 
 Dick. Nay, he can make obligations, and write court-hand. 
 
 Cade. I am sorry for 't : the man is a proper man, on mine honour ; unless I find him guilty, he shall not die. Come hither, 
 sirrah, I must examine thee : what is thy name ? 
 Clerk. Emmanuel. 
 
 Dick. They use to write it on the top of letters ; — ' Twill go hard with you. 
 
 Cade. Let me alone ; dost thou use to write thy name ? or hast thou a mark to thyself, like an honest plain-dealing man ? 
 
 Clerk. Sir, I thank God, I have been so well brought up that I can ivrite my name. 
 
 All. He hath confessed; away with him : he's a villain and a traitor. 
 
 Cade. Away with him, 1 say : hang him with his pen and inkhorn about his neck. 
 
 Henry VI. Part 2. 
 
 It is probable tbat all persons of education carried, when travelling, similar conveniences for writing to those 
 worn by Notaries. The inkcase which formerl)^ belonged to Henry VI. is still preserved ; it is made of leather, 
 and highly ornamented; it hears amongst other figures the arms of England and the rose of the House of 
 Lancaster, surmounted by the crown. The cover is attached to the body of the case by a shding cord of siik ; in 
 the inside are three cells, one for the reception of the inkstand, the other two to hold pens, &c.* 
 
 There is another Brass to a Notary in the same church from which our present example is taken : the date is 
 1506, the costume much the same, but the cap and hood are wanting, and the gypciere is attached to the girdle 
 in addition to the official appendages. The inscription is as follows : 
 
 m your rijaritr prap for tlje eoull of late tfjc tpjjfr of Cljomas ISalOrp marrfiaiit sumtpmc tfic 
 topfc of master JSoficit mpmflyri Wotari Ujljif1&_ aiys BrrrssiO Hjf itiitfe aap of august tijr pcrc of 
 ourr lorli tffoueeanli iti£*£*£i£'ai. on tntjoee eouU ttiu fjauf mrrry anir on all cristin soullie anini. 
 
 A shield under the figure of Baldry bears the arms of the Mercers' Company, impahng his merchant's mark : 
 the corresponding sliield under the Notary is unfortunately lost. 
 
 Besides the above mentioned, only three Brasses commemorating Notaries have come under our notice. 
 One exists at Holmhale in Norfolk, and is engraved by Cotman, in his Sepulchral Brasses of that county : a small 
 and meanly-executed figure still remains at New College, Oxford; and the cathedral church of S. Sauveur, at 
 Bruges, contains a richly-worked memorial to a third, who lived in the beginning of the 16th century, and was a 
 man of wealth and consequence: he is described as a Notary and Scribe of the episcopal Court, and the 
 monumental inscription records that he was chief founder of the cathedral chou:, and increased the stipends of 
 the prebendaries. He is represented with the clerical tonsure : a gypciere, pencase, and inkhorn, are suspended 
 at his girdle, and a pen appears behind his right ear. 
 
 Amongst the valuable collection of paintings by the early Flemish masters, preserved in the Musee at 
 Antwerp, a picture by Peter Breughel, who hved between 1510 and 1566, representing Christ bearing the Cross, 
 deserves minute attention from the singular manner in which the subject is treated. In the centre of the picture, 
 the artist has represented an old Flemish town, out of which the procession defiles to a hill on tlie left: our 
 Saviour, bending under the Cross, is surrounded by a rabble ; in advance are a troop of horsemen equipped in the 
 armour of the sixteenth century. Ten crucifixes are prepared on Mount Calvary, and two men are already 
 hanging from a pair of gallows, but whether these are intended for the two malefactors, does not clearly appear. 
 One of the spectators is a Notary, bareheaded and barefoot ; he is attired in a long gown of russet, hut the sleeves 
 of his tunic are blue : in his right hand he holds a book, whilst the left is elevated as in surprise at the scene 
 before him ; he has a girdle, pencase, and inkhorn, of a dark colour. 
 
 The mark represented below is taken from a notarial document of the date of 1482. The name is 
 Heinricus Heyaerts, to which the device of a heart is evidently an allusion. 
 
 a Tilis interesting relic is engraved in Staw's Dresses and Decorations of the Middle Ages: in the same work may be seen the mode of wearing 
 the cap aud scarf in the reign of Edward IV. ; it occurs on the figure of a Knight of the Garter, 1470. 
 
Soljn Jfelti, g:i5n-man of ILonJon, 1474, 
 
 AND 
 
 §oijn f clti, esq. J)is ^on, U77. 
 
 14" & 17" *eatoarlr: IV. 
 
 a fayre burgGia, 
 
 To sitten in a gild halle, on the deis. 
 
 — for the wisdom that he can 
 
 Was shapelich for to boa an Alderman. 
 
 With him ther was his sone a yonge Squicr. 
 
 Chaucer. 
 
 The richly coloured Brass of Alderman Feld and his Son, is inlaid upon an altar tomh in the north aisle of 
 Standon Church, Hertfordshire. One side of the tomb is placed against the wall; the dado was formerly 
 enriched with shields, containing perhaps a repetition of the bearings on the upper slab ; the fillet of brass on 
 which the inscription is engraved, occupies the chamfered edge of the stone round the three sides open to view: of 
 this inscription a material part is now wanting, and but for Salmon and Chauncy having preserved it in their 
 histories of the county, it would have been difficult to appropriate the monument. It is as follows, the lost 
 portion being placed within brackets. 
 
 i^cvt Utrt!) :?(oiju jFcIB eomctiimr tainrrnian of aonfton a mrrrfjant of tSf] Sta^uU of iHaleva t^e to^ect) 
 SrcrssrO tftc xtii Sap of Slugu^t in t^c jifrr of our lora goO jiHi<ff«r«T(ffU:iiiij. also f)Pt' lurtfi Sofjn 
 gys son SauifP V' Ujfjrfd arcrsflftt iiij Say of i*lay p'^ pcvc of 
 
 Alderman Feld possessed considerable lauded property in the counties of Kent and Hertford ; and the 
 name appears to have been of some note early in the fourteenth century, John de Felde having served the office of 
 Sheriff for the fomer county in 1312 ; ' and in Bircliington Church, Tlianet, was formerly a brass to another of 
 the same name who died in 1404.'' Turning to Hertfordshire, we find that in 1 378 one John atte Felde, held a 
 messuage in New Street, in the town of Standon ; " and although there is no direct evidence to connect this 
 individual with the family now under notice, it is very probable that he was an immediate ancestor of our Alderman, 
 whose connexion with Standon would be thus explained ; the prefix of atte, in the unsettled state of surnames at 
 that period, being retained or dropped at pleasure. John Feld, sen. was born about the commencement of the 
 fifteenth century, but nothing is known of his early life, nor whether he rose to wealth and distinction by his own 
 unassisted exertions. He was, however, well estabUshed in business as a merchant in the year 1436, when his 
 name appears to a bond for sixty sliilhngs, with one John Pynke." Twelve years later Feld had risen to eminence; 
 in 1448 he with other merchants of the Staple of Calais gave bond to the King for £70. 2s. 10j^/., the amount of a 
 subsidy on wooV and in the succeeding year he was constituted one of fifteen commissioners appointed to treat 
 with those of the Duke of Burgundy concerning the intercourse of merchandize in general, and more particularly 
 to regulate the buying and selling of wool and wool-fells brought to the Staple at Calais.^ This commission was 
 directed to John Lord Dudley, one of the King's Council; Master Thomas Kent, Doctor of Laws, Clerk of the 
 Council; and Thomas Thurland, Mayor, Robert Whyte, William Combes, Robert Home, John Feld, Richai-d 
 Water, John Thrisk, William Stockton, Hugh Clitherowe, John Williamson, William Brown, Wilham Tullyot, and 
 John Pulter, merchants, of the Staple; of whom five, including Feld, were of London; three, including the Mayor, 
 were of Boston ; the same number of Hull ; and one was of Ipswich. These names probably comprise the chief 
 mercantile wealth and intelligence in the eastern ports of the kingdom at this period. In the ensuing year Feld 
 joined with the same merchants in lending King Henry VI, two thousand pounds for the payment of the wages of 
 Henry Viscount Beaumont, Ralph Lord Sudley and others, who were then appointed to go to Calais for the 
 safeguard thereof, the Castle of the same, and the Tower of Risebank.'^ 
 
 In the year 1454, 33rd Henry VI. Feld served the office of Sheriff of London with William Taylour, during 
 the mayoralty of Stephen Forster. Amongst the records of this shrievalty are two proclamations which may be 
 worth a passing notice : one is against the throwing of snow-balls ; the other against the annual custom of 
 Hokkyng, which was observed a fortnight after Easter, when the men and women alternately, with great merriment, 
 intercepted the public thoroughfares with ropes to catch the passengers, from whom they exacted money to be 
 laid out in pious uses. It was prohibited in 1450 by John Carpenter, Bishop of Worcester; and a custom so 
 fraught with interruption to business was not likely to be long tolerated in the City of London.'' 
 
 We are not able to state the exact year in which Feld was elected an Alderman of London, and although he 
 lived for thirty years after his shrievalty, he never served the office of Lord Mayor ; but this circumstance is 
 satisfactorily accounted for. Many years before his death he was afflicted with bodily sickness, whereby he was 
 disabled from performing those energetic and active duties which devolved upon him as a citizen and a magistrate. 
 Finding no chance of relief, he obtained in 1463 a grant from Thomas Cook, then Lord Mayor, releasing him 
 from all civic services : against his will he was not to be obliged to undergo any office witliin the hberties of the city, 
 nor to be summoned on any assize, jurj', or inquest. In this instrument he is styled " the venerable ; " a tribute is 
 
 a Hasted's Hist, of Kent, vol. I. p. cviii. d Ibid. ¥ol. IV. p. 338, note. ^ Anc. Chart. B.M, 48. F. 35. 
 
 d Anc. Chart. 55. A. 50. e Ibid. 56. A. 40. ( Cartes French Rolls, vol. II. p. 322. s Rot. Pari. vol. V. p. 208. 
 
 I" Taylonr and Feld, during their year of office, paid thirty shillings and fivepence to John Araundosham, Monk and Sacrist of St. Peter's, 
 Westminster, the expense of a lamp burning in the Abbey for the soul of Queen Matilda : this was an annual charL'e upon the Sheriffs of London. 
 
A.D. lA/i. 
 
 JOHN FELD, ALDERMAN OF LONDON, 
 
 14'' «s»tosrB: IV. 
 
 paid to his worth and excellence, and a melancholy allusion is made to the many diseases with which he is 
 detained, and which are likely to detain him for the future." 
 
 But although the nature of Feld's illness unfitted him for the fatigue of magisterial duty, he had not yet 
 retired from husiness ; and it should be noticed here, that besides being a merchant of the Staple, he was also a 
 stock-fishmonger, being so described in the release above ahuded to, as in several other instances. The 
 stock-fishmongers were not incorporated in Feld's time, but they had long before been united as a brotherhood 
 with the salt-fishmongers, who from the extent of their trade during the prevalence of the Romish rehgion 
 obtained great sway and influence. 
 
 The letters which follow, are taken from the originals preserved in the British Museum, and possess much 
 interest, as well by making us personally acquainted with the subjects of this memoir, as for the light they throw 
 upon commercial transactions in the fifteenth century. The first is from a correspondent of John Feld at 
 Southampton, remitting a bill of the Lord Treasurer for ten pounds ; the date of the year is not recorded, but the 
 indorsement shews that the Lord Treasurer alluded to was John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, who filled that office 
 from 1462 to 1464; in the former year the 19th September fell on Sunday, and the date of the letter may be 
 correctly assigned to the year following, viz. 1463. 
 
 ihc 
 
 Ryjt worschypfull I comend me unto you, desjiing to her' of 3oure welfar'. Doyng 50U to und'stond, that I send 30U by 
 bound Ducheman a bille off my lord Treserowr* of ynglond for to Ress of hym the xxiiij'li day of Septemb' yii mony xl'. And 
 so I pray joiv y' on' of Jour' men' [may apply ther'] for, no raor* at thys tyme but god haue 30W yn bys kepyng. I write at 
 Sutbampton the xix day of Septemb'. 
 
 By 3owr frend, 
 
 To Johfi feld off london thys let? be del''. John Williamb.i* 
 
 ( South amptOD, Monday 
 19 Sept. 1463. 3° Edw. IV.) 
 
 Indorsed : [Tbys] let? ys from John Willfii to ress xli of my lord of Worce? and it was ress of [hym by] 
 Joh Gregorie. 
 
 The "Bille of my Lord Treserour" sent by the "bound Ducheman" runs in these words: 
 
 Be it remembred that we have resceyved of John Wilbn of Southampton x'' the which we be aggreed to pay unto 
 John ffelde of london ffyshmonger the xxiiij*' day of Septembre Yeven at Southampton under our signe manual the 
 X day of the seid monetb. 
 (L.S.) Thr Worcehtre.'^ 
 
 (Southampton, Saturday 
 10 Sept. 1463. 3° Edw. IV.) 
 
 So it appears that Williams could find no conveyance to remit his bill for nine days, and then he sent it by 
 sea : for so small a sum it was not worth hiring a special messenger. 
 
 The next letter is equally interesting ; it is written from Calais by one Lewis Lyneham to his right worshipful 
 Master John Felde ; to whom the writer subscribes himself his "pore servaunte 1 bedeman," and he was doubtless 
 the manager of Feld's business at that place. The letter is dated 6th June 1 465, and is an answer to one received 
 from his employer, which had been sixteen days in transitu from port to port. 
 
 Ific M' iiij. Ixv. 
 
 Ryghte reverente and Worschipfull master, I recomande me un to you and to my righte worschipfull masteres in my moste 
 louly wyse And it schall please you to understonde that I have reseyvid a let? frome you the laste daye of Maye bering 
 date of makyng at London the xv day of the seid monyth And wher as ye wryte unto me in youre saide let? that ye have lokvd 
 after me e? sythe Es? I ame sory that I have natte kepte my promyse I scballe declar" you the causis at my comyng the weche 
 scball natte be longe to w* Godis g'^ce Further more it schall please you to understonde that I sende you in youre brother 
 ys schippe iij barrell of Marche beir a potte w* butf and a litell quiver w' scheting taclys for the kyng the weche I poye you 
 maye be kepte to my comynge. Nothing eftf but the blessid Trenite have you in his holy keping. I wretyn at Caleys the v daye 
 of June. 
 
 Be your pore servaunte 1 bedeman. 
 To my righte worscliipfull master John Felde Lowrs Lyneh^m.'I 
 
 be this dely?ed at London. 
 (Calais, Wednesday 
 5th Jane 1465. S" Edw. IV.) 
 
 The present to the King of a little quiver with shooting tackle is curious, nor is it clear whether the three 
 barrels of March beer and the pot of butter were not also intended for His Majesty.'^ 
 
 Up to the date of this letter, therefore, Feld continued to superintend his business ; but age and infirmities 
 were creeping on apace, and he seems to have retired soon after to spend his remaining years at Standon. The 
 ensuing letter, addressed to liis son John, who is now first introduced, was written at Standon by the Alderman in 
 August of the same year, 1465- It details the result of his inquiries into the value of certain land which he seems about 
 to purchase of a person named Elderbecke : the solvency of the tenants first engages bis attention, and it appears 
 that the principid tenant, one Wdham Pery, is a bad paymaster, having never paid but a year's rent, and that was 
 
 Anc, Chart. 48 F. 36. Tliis release is dated 8th March 1463 : the following note respecting Feld's illness was obtained too late for insertion 
 in the text. He applied for, and received He discharge without fine m the January preceding, on the ground that he was aicK; deaf, and 
 hlind : (see Report to the Common Council relating to the election of Aldermen, presented Gth March, 1834, p. 43.) it may be suggested that ho 
 partially recovered from the latter affliction, as the letter on the opposite page, dated two years later, is in his own handwriting. 
 
 b Ibid. 43 B. 28. c Ibid. 58 A. 32. ■! Ibid. 43 B. 33. 
 
 c Excerpta Historic!, p. II, where this letter is printed. In the original, the words "of the seid monyth" have been altered to " Apryll ; " 
 and so it appears in the work just alluded to. It is evident, however, that the reading now adopted is correct, since in the year 1463 Easter Sunday 
 fell on the 14th April, and Feld could not write the next day to complain he had not heard since Easter. 
 
A.D. 1477. 
 
 AND JOHN FELD, ESa. HIS SON. 
 
 I '•' iSOtoara: IV. 
 
 in work : upon this point he says Tery plainly that Pery must pay repilarly in future or take the consequences. 
 His next inquiry respects the charges upon the land, such as the King's money, Knight's service, Sic, and an 
 agreement to be made with the vendor for repairs. A sum of thirty-eight pounds owing by Elderbecke stands in the 
 way of a settlement, and Feld is urgent to have it partly secured upon a piece of ground held for 13s. id. that 
 his jeopardy may be so much the less : upon this head he shews great anxiety. The tenor of the whole epistle 
 shews him to be a keen bargainer — 
 
 There is one peculiarity too remarkable to pass without notice : the domestic correspondence of the fifteenth, century 
 is characterized by certain preliminary formalities wherein the writer expresses his regard for the party addressed, 
 accompanied by good wishes for his welfare; but we see nothing of the kind in Alderman Feld. Whether it was 
 that the important matter of his letter absorbed all liis attention, or that the disposition of his mind led him to 
 discard such expressions as useless, must be left to the judgment of the reader : he merely addresses his son by 
 name, and enters upon the subject at once, nor does he relax until the conclusion, when recollections of civic 
 festivities crowd upon his mind, and he requests in a postscript to be remembered to all his old " mates." 
 
 The style is cramped and sometimes obscure: the abbreviations, too, are frequent and unconventional, but it 
 has not been thought advisable to depart from the original orthography. 
 
 Ihcs ml iiij'' Ixv. 
 
 loh. — Seth thy deping y have spek' vi^ aft Elderbeckf tenuts, ffirst w' Robt Skegg of WadismyH ; and wher he holdetli a 
 grounde cleped Clementf for siijs iiijrl^ me semyth he is -wef therof ffor it is deped the derrest grounde in all herf^shir ; and thus y 
 understonde for a ate (certainty) by diu< other cidable neyghbours. And the seid grounde is holde of Birde of Wadismytt ? 
 paieth hi to rnt xx^. The which Elderbeck spake noujth of at our comeyng, and so the londe is the worse to me of a gft dele 
 selu^. And j-ef this tenut goo owte it -will be harde to bring itt to xj' or xijs and so itt is moch worse tha y hadde supwosed itt 
 hadde be, or happisly to x=. Wheffc itt is noujth worth so moch' money by a grt dele silu'' that y pferd )>lfe. And all this telle 
 hi rm) fremember) in as moch as y shold jdon hi of all myn olde bargens made w' hi/ He moat nedes sette itt ferr 
 at a lower p', and wher [I] pferd hi xij'i itt is ou' def [at] xij mike, noujth w' stonding bringe itt to as lowe a ps as thou maist. 
 And BO y wiU have it consedering all thinges betwix us. But in no wise get it nou3th ou3. And as for all the comenic3 that y 
 hadde w' hi it [was] done but uppon myn avisemet, ffor we comound nou3th what sewftey shold have for the paimet of ]»« 
 xxx\'iij'' the which is the grttest pointe of all, and w'oute that be hadde we kan noujth goe throthe. Wheffe in lassn" of the sii 
 y most nedes have astate in f>5 seid xiija i iiijil. And so my jepde shall be so moch the lasse t the so moch to be abated in the 
 sewfte makynge of seid .... urh att my choise at ^« lat^ ende wher y will take itt of the ps or noujth, as itt was betwix us 
 
 rher . . wherf" And thu the y'^ly rnt that he of the runt of h^ tenutf. WiUm Newmii holdith Marchall for x markf. 
 
 Wiltm Pery holdith Yofigf for Lx markf wherof he shold have in aye in qwyte rnt xxxij^ whefof he kan find no mor tha xvja ; 
 he wott noujth wher the londe lith that shall be charged nethir noujth kan knowe. And so he will abate that xvjs. in that ylly 
 rnt. John Pery holdith Sotys for ix'i -j i^ii =xxvl'. xiij^. & iiijd, (this is the sum total of the rents.) And what paier Wylt. Pery 
 is, Elderbecke knew well for he paied hi ne? yett but for a yerf rnt and that is in carage ; wherff^ yef y be noujth paied w* yn 
 iij raonjij of the time specialt of hi, he moste stonde to the hi selfF. The rlunt bcth good paiers ynowe safFe he. Also itt most be 
 rlmebr) ffor ony newe charge, yef be ony lende uppon thi:, as now >is claymes ffor knytes fmg' er ony other thinge or charge 
 shold be daymed, tfor they owe noujth to berl but to the lorde for h^ y'^ly rnt:— the kingf money wha itt faileth : and Elder- 
 becke to find for rlpa?, tibr, tyle, wormashipp saf thauhygf t davvlyngf (save thatching and daubing) ; ffor all these mat? late hi 
 be speke m {men). And late hi sende to Wiltm Pery, ? y noujth to meddell w* hi; and y to the toj^* too. And so my grttest 
 ting that shold be betwix us two ys the sewrte aforseid but go throwe w' hi of the forseid xiij' i iiij'' and labor for conscens of |je 
 same, >* ye seke for the betimes. And yf ye pfeir Chatterley to be ony of h^ sewrte goe speke w* hi |>yselffe, and kepe this let? 
 well, and wha thou comyst heder brige itt the. And of all >iige sende me answer by the bring*. If y supwose the seid 
 W. Per varieth of b^ p^, and so he is good for hi t noujth for me. Also Jofi, Srnl hi the valu of Sy'be Seuthes (Symbesonthes) 
 1 >e ps that y shold have paied; and so sii what afS he most make p» in >e seid xiij^, iiijd. No>ingf eUf y -write at Staundon the 
 xxij day of Aug'st, 
 
 If r'm all myn old matf. 
 (Standon, Thursday 
 22d Aug. 1465. 5° Edw. IV.) 
 
 Notwithstanding his shrewdness in driving " bargens," Feld, in this instance at least, found an equal opponent. 
 Elderbecke perhaps did not agree with llim that the land was " over dear at twelve marks," and declined the sale, 
 " consedering all things betwix themi" for at his death, seven years after, he was still possessed of the very estates 
 of Youngs, Marshalls, Sotys, and Symbesonthes mentioned in the letter:' it is to be hoped that Feld got his thu-ty- 
 eight pounds. 
 
 In 1470, we have a release from the Abbot of Croyland to the venerable Jolm Feld, citizen of London, for 
 thirty shillings, the rent of premises at Standon :t in another release, two years later, from the Dean and Chapter 
 of Stoke by Clare for thirty shillings rent of the farm of then- chapel of Salborne, he is described as a stock- 
 fishmonger, notwithstanding he had now long retired. 
 
 By indenture made the 25th day of March 1471, Henry Snowe of London, a less obdurate vendor than 
 Elderbecke, sold to " John Fclde, late of London, gentleman," certain lands, rents, meadow and pasture, with their 
 appurtenances, in the parish of Standon, for the sum of ten pounds four shilUngs. Feld deducted the odd money, 
 and enjoyed for his ten pounds some closes called Aldwyke, two acres and a half of land in Heyfield, between 
 Puckeridge and Standon, an acre of meadow land in Holywell mead, two shilhngs quit rent of a liouse in the town, 
 and two crofts called Tikes and Poundhawe.'^ This was surely an advantageous purchase ; 
 
 ■' This worthy man ful wel his wdt besette. 
 So stedefasUy didde he his goveruance. 
 With his hargemes." 
 
 • Anc. Chart. 43. B. 32. b Est. 12 Edw. IV. r Anc. Chart. 44. C. 59. 
 
 ' Ibid. m. C. 43. 
 
A.D. 147". 
 
 JOHN FELD, ALDERMAN OF LONDON, &c. 
 
 17" ©Utoaru: IV. 
 
 The death of the Alderman occurred on the 16th August, 1474. It appears from the Brass that he left three 
 children besides his son John, who of course succeeded to the landed property. Of this son nothing personal is 
 known : it is not likely that he continued the business of his father, and we may infer from his effigy that he 
 entered the honourable profession of arms. His name occurs as John Feld of Standon, Esq. in the list 
 of persons resident ifi Hertfordshire that could dispend ten pounds by the year.^ He was probably of 
 mature age at the death of his father, whom he survived but three years, leaving an only daughter, Dorothy^ 
 his heir.** Three out of the four children depicted on the tomb must tlierefore have died young. The 
 inquisition talten after liis death acquaints us with the extent of the property inherited from liis father : 
 in Hertfordshire, he held sundry lands and tenements at Standon, and an inn at Puckeridge, called 
 the Swan ; in Essex, the manor of Stepyll Hall, with 410 acres of land and 60s. rent, in the parish of Stepyll, 
 of the Prior of Bycknacre, in socage by fealty and rent of \d. per annum: but the chief wealth lay in 
 Kent ; here he held the manor of Sellyng by Monks Horton, the manor of Harynge, with divers lands and 
 tenements in the parishes of Sellyng, Lymne, Ostrynganger, Horton and Woodchurch, and several hundred acres 
 of the rich pasture in Romney Marsh."^ 
 
 John Feld, Esq. left a wife, Agnes, him surviving, who soon after his death gave a general release ^ to Agnes 
 then the wife of Robert Morton, the executrix of John Feld, senior, at the time of whose death she was the widow 
 of Stephen Forster, Lord Mayor during Feld's shrievalty. Between these two there had been much business, 
 for Forster was also a fishmonger : amongst other documents, there is a cancelled bond for 1000 marks paid by 
 Feld to Forster's widow in 1465.*^ The Alderman himself was fond of lending money at interest, but was not 
 always fortunate in getting repaid ; for eight years after his death we find Sir Edmund Hastings, Knight, paying 
 to his executrix ten pounds, as the first instalment of a sum of sixty pounds, lent to him and two others.'' 
 
 For the beautiful monument winch forms the subject of our present notice, the church of Standon is probably 
 indebted to the affection of Agnes, the widow of John Feld, jun. The style of its execution is superior to the 
 generahty of brasses at this era, every part being finished with care and delicacy ; attention is particularly 
 directed to the flowered parterres on which the figures are placed; the leaves and blossoms have been deeply 
 incised to receive the natural colour, but of this none can now be observed. Tlie Alderman is represented in a 
 long gown and sleeves edged with fur, the prevailing dress of the day. A leathern girdle passes round the waist 
 and sustains on the right side a gypciere and rosary. Over all is worn the aldermanic gown of ricli scarlet lined 
 and edged with white fur, the gorgeous appearance of which at civic festivals is the subject of special admiration 
 with the old chroniclers ; it is fastened on the right shoulder, and faUing in front, is gathered up on the left 
 arm. The countenance is strongly marked, and the hair worn straight and short. 
 
 The figure of the son is shghtly turned towards that of his father, to which it forms a striking contrast : he is 
 et^uipped in the military costume of the period, and wears over his breastplate a tabard richly emblazoned with 
 his armorial bearings. Gules, a fesse or, between three eagles thsplayed argent, guttle de sang. Abo-ve we catch a 
 glimpse of the hausse-col of mail fitting round the neck, and below may be seen fluted tuilles or thigh guards, 
 attached to the taces concealed beneath the tabard : the elbow plates are of one pattern, and the laces by which 
 they are fastened to the arm do not appear, in which respect, as in several other points, this example differs from 
 the figure of Sir John Say, five years earher In the same reign ; the genouilleres or knee-plates jiresent nothing 
 unusual ; the toes are less pointed than on Say's brass, and the upper part of the foot is protected by overlapping 
 plates like the back of a lobster, the soles being covered with mail. The sword passes diagonally across the body, 
 and is affixed near the hilt to a narrow cingulum or belt ; the dagger, contraiy to the usual practice, is placed on 
 the left side. 
 
 The countenance, like that of the father, has an expression of individuality, but there seems no reason to 
 suppose that a family likeness was intended. Tlie hair is remarkably long, and the " lockes cruU as they were 
 laid in presse, " a fashion that obtained amongst the gallants of Edward the Fourth's reign, as well as in Chaucer's 
 time ; but it is singular to find so youthful an appendage covering the brows of a man of ripened years and the 
 father of a family. 
 
 Of the four shields on the tomb, three belong to Alderman Feld, being, 1st, the arras of London (this coat 
 is mutilated) ; 2nd. the arms of the merchants of the Staple, Barry nebulae of six argent and azure, on a chief 
 gules, a Mon passant gardant or ; 3rd. his merchant's mark. The fourth shield is charged with the armorial 
 bearings of his son, as seen on the tabard. The red colour has lost much of its original brilliancy, and in some 
 places can hardly be discerned, but sufficient remains on the upper part of each figure, and on two of the shields, 
 to leave no doubt of its nature. The colouring substance appears to have been poured hquid into the matrix 
 prepared for its reception, and there left to harden ; a cheaper and less permanent process than enamelling, which 
 was generally adopted on brasses of a rich kind, as in that of Sir John Say before referred to. Tlie lining of 
 the Alderman's robe, and the eagles upon the arms of the son, are represented in the white metal resembling 
 pewter, always employed on these monuments as the substitute for Argent. 
 
 On the whole, the Brasses of Alderman Feld and Sir John Say, both for brilhant decoration and delicate 
 workmanship, may be regarded as two of the finest examples now remaining of tlie latter half of the fifteenth 
 century. 
 
 a MS. Coll. Arm. ^ Morant's Essex, vol. I. p. 35S. f Esc. 17 Edw. IV. 
 
 d Anc. Chart. 49. 1. 36. ^ Ibid. 49. 1. 34. ^ Ibid. 54. C. 36. 
 
Pabt // 
 
 yitcc^ 1845' 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 wrTH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 
 DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 " Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live regiater'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 Shakapea 
 
 The object of tliis Work is to Olustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting esamples extant, In the selection of the Subjects regard is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the 
 Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 There is no branch of Archeology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 A Part is published at intervals of about Two Months. 
 Large paper copies, of which a limited number oidy are printed, Eight Shillings. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W. PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
i 
 
Part /Z- 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 OF 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 " Let fame, that aU hunt after in their lives, 
 Live register'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate and dassify fh? Mm 
 most interesting examples extant. In the selection of the 8ui)jeets re 
 Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archasology more mterestin.^ to the sirudi 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. Fron 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete 
 
 intal Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 IS had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the 
 
 the tumulus of i 
 A'ith instruction :- 
 
 ; than that whieh embraces the investigation and illustration 
 remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of lieraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 A Part is published at intervals of about Two Months. 
 Large paper copies, of which a limited number only are printed. Eight Shillings. 
 
 LONDON; 
 
 W. PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25. PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 j 
 
3^31 ♦3RL*MI'3H3yvW*J0'lVa 
 
 'ci'aHj.'asssaDHa-aHDiyOCvgaNA 
 >WHOjogTa3-aM3iDsiL«v.joaTH3 
 aa.a/o-MLdo--aaa-ao-3HidOiHDiNH 
 N3nAa«svwoHX«-HJL3n-aa3H 
 
 In Hever Church.. Kont . 
 
Part /3 . 
 
 J^y 1843 . 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A S E R I E S 
 
 OF 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 WITH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 DRAWN AMD ENGRAVED BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B.WALLER. 
 
 \jA fame, that all hunt after in their livi 
 Live register'd upon our Brazen Tombs 
 
 Tlie object of this Worlt is to illmtrate and claasify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. In the selection of the Subjects regard is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the 
 Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no branch of Archieology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. Trom the tumulus ot a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction whether it is viewed as iidducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic Imowledge which it furm*es, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utUity."— Gentlem.^n's Magazine. 
 
 A Part is published at intervals of about Two Months. 
 Large paper copies, of which a limited number only are printed, Eight Shillings. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W. PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY, J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIA.MENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
sua WKLTUHAM MOMHlSTffX & ISIS TWO WS'S'SS, 
 In Sefton ChurdL.Lancasluie . 
 
Price 6) 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 ITH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 
 DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 *' Let fame, that all hunt after in their lives, 
 Live register'd upon our Brazbn Tombs." 
 
 Shakspeare. 
 
 The object of this Work is to iUustrate and classify the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the 
 most interesting examples extant. In the selection of the Subjects regard is had to the beauty of the Monument, tlie interest of the 
 Costume, or the importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 « Tliere is no branch of Archeology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to tlie sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 A Part is published at intervals of about Two Months. 
 Large paper copies, of which a limited number only are printed, Eight Shdlings. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W, PICKERING.. 177, PICCADILLY; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
In Little EastoaChorck, Essex. 
 
Part /6 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 OF 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 WITH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 
 DRAWN AND ENCRAraD BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B, WALLER. 
 
 " Let fame, that nil hunt after hi their lives, 
 Live register' (1 upon our Brazen Tomus." 
 
 Shali»jienre. 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the most interesting 
 examples extant. In the selection of the Subjects regard is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costamej or the 
 importance of the Individual commemorated. 
 
 " There is no brancli of Archteology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, every subject is replete with instruction; — whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affording a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge wiiich it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility."— -Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 A few copies are printed on large paper, price Eight Shillings. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W. PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 69, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
 Communicatiom to the Authors stiould be addressed to 20, Ctiaries Street, B<.mers Street. 
 
 PRINTED BV W. HUGHES, KIKo's HBAH COURT, OOUOR BOUARB. 
 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 " It is impossible by description to do justice to the exceeding accuracy with which the subjects are represented ; tlie firmness and 
 evenness of the line, and the minute fidelity of the drawing, are so apparent, that at the first sight it will he seen, that in every thing but 
 dimensions a perfect facsimile of the original is presented. We cannot add a word further in praise of the style in which the plates are 
 got up, except to suggest a comparison between the present work and the numerous engravings of Brasses in preceding publications, and 
 we feel certain that judgment will be immediately given in favour of the present series." Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 " In Messrs. Wallers' work the engravings are accurate transcripts of the originals, and executed with the best taste and feeling ; the 
 work leaves nothing to be desired, and is very moderate in price." Athenmwn. 
 
 " We know not which to admire most, the beauty of the engravings, or the fulness and merit of the illustrations." Litemru 
 
 Gazelle. 
 
 " A very accurate and beautiful work." Art Union. 
 
 " In these beautifully executed etchings, all has been done that art can do, and in the selection of the subjects the authors have 
 shown themselves to be thoroughly acquainted with the existing remains. The descriptions are not less creditable, their researches being 
 characterized by great acnteness, and a thorough knowledge of costume." Architect, Engineer, and Surveyor. 
 
 " Some of the plates in Messrs. WaUers' work are of extraordinary beauty." Markland's Remarks on English Churches. 
 
 " Only one work has yet appeared that is capable of conveying to the mind an adequate idea of the beauty pertaining to this 
 class of monuments: in the execution of their task, Messrs. Walier have displayed remarkably good taste and ability to a perfect 
 perception of the suljject: their undertaking stands pre-eminent among works illustrative of ancient art."— Harlskorne's Lecture at 
 Shreu'slmry. 
 
 18i( iatrt lumulaturi bnn m ^aria st lElijabttf) brdraj 
 piuEi ^ngi^l' lEOlnarliiid eTonpcr ji' Iu[._aniioiS Krrtar 
 i|ui ' tScrlit qui nSijt wj.Bif tOtlnlir" 90. iBnifft". Ijii)'. hi)^ 
 
 In the progress of this work, the authors have endeavoured 
 to furnish examples of every variety of design adopted by the 
 medieval artists in the production of Brasses, the only kind of 
 monumental record capable of being appropriately applied to 
 every class of society. The costly altar-tomb, with its recumbent 
 efEgies in attitude of prayer, was unquestionably a beautifLil and 
 devotional work of art ; but it was only attainable by individuals 
 of rank or wealth, and besides this, in a church of humble 
 dimensions, its size seriously interfered with the interior arrange- 
 ments : but Brasses, equally devotional in style and character, 
 occupied no portion of the church that could be required for 
 more important purposes ; their position for the most part was 
 on the floor, which they richly adorned, and it was also the best 
 that could be adopted for commemorating the departed, and at 
 the same time bringing practically before the minds of the living, 
 the stern lesson. Memento homo quia pulvis es, et in pulverem 
 reverteris. 
 
 Simplicity of design and boldness of outline are the dis- 
 tinguishing features of a Brass, yet admitting of detail more or 
 less elaborate according to circumstances ; hence, a monument 
 of appropriate design may be obtained at a very moderate cost, 
 the increase of expense depending on the enrichment : a floriated 
 Cross, similar to the example here given, can be furnished at 
 less price than most marble tablets ; and an elaborate Brass with 
 canopies, figures, and ecclesiastical devices, inlaid "with appro- 
 priate colours, will be far less expensive than the incongruous 
 
 piles of stone or marble which disfigure and encumber so many of our churches. 
 
 That this branch of Monumental Art is capable of much beautiftd development, there can be no doubt ; 
 and the authors having bestowed considerable time and attention to the subject, are prepared to superintend 
 the execution of Brasses, for which they will furnish original designs and estimates. 
 
 20, Charles Street, Berners Street, 
 2d December, 1844. 
 
1 
 
j , S' R obtrl . , Ed'^QTd. J Re^nald. cVjomnS. ^Av^vshn , Mory , M'^'g'-n ^ K<\'l)6rwf S Anne ^S„r^l) 
 
 \/ \pS Wfc Davsliter of Bjct) ard Arga/ l Esq" r^ey~7iUed\ 
 
 III 3&st SuEton Ctiurcdi I{>iit, 
 
Part 
 
 Price 6s. 
 
 A SERIES 
 
 EXTENDING FROM THE REIGN OF EDWARD I. TO THAT OF ELIZABETH, 
 
 WITH OCCASIONAL EXAMPLES OF LATER DATE. 
 
 DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY 
 
 I. G. AND L. A. B. WALLER. 
 
 ' Let fame, thnt all hunt after in their liTes, 
 Live register'd upon our Brazen Tombs." 
 
 The object of this Work is to illustrate the Monumental Brasses of the Middle Ages by Engravings from the most interesting 
 examples extant. In the selection of the Subjects regard is had to the beauty of the Monument, the interest of the Costume, or the 
 importance of the Individual commemorated, 
 
 " There is no branch of Archieology more interesting to the student than that which embraces the investigation and illustration 
 of the sepulchral monuments of past ages. From the tumulus of a remote and obscure period, to the sepulchral brass of the 
 15th and 16th centuries, ever;' subject is replete with instruction ;— whether it is viewed as adducing an evidence of costume, 
 or as affordin"' a glance at the arts and customs of former times, or from the treasury of heraldic knowledge which it furnishes, 
 the Monumental Brass possesses a paramount degree of value and utility." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
 A few copies are printed on large paper, price Eight ShilUngs. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 W. PICKERING, 177, PICCADILLY; J. B. NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET; 
 JOHN WEALE, 59, HIGH HOLBORN. 
 
 %* Communications la tlie Authors sliould fie iiddressed to 20, C/itirles Street, Berners Street. 
 
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS. 
 
 " It is impossible by description to do justice to tbe exceeding accuracy witb wbicli tbe sulijects are represented; the firmness and 
 evenness of tlie line, and the minute fidelity of the drawing, are so apparent, that at the first sight it will be seen, that in every thing but 
 dimensions a perfect fac-simile of the original is presented. We cannot add a word further in praise of the style in which the plates are 
 got up, except to suggest a comparison between tlic present work and the numerous engravings of Brasses in preceding publications, and 
 we feel certain that judgment will be immediately given in favour of the present series." Gentleimn's Magazine. 
 
 " In Messrs. Wallers' work the engravings are accurate transcripts of tbe originals, and executed with tbe best taste and feeling : the 
 work leaves nothing to be desired, and is very moderate in price." Al/ienteum, 
 
 " We know not which to admire most, the beauty of the t 
 Gazetle. 
 
 igs, or the fulness and merit of the illustrations." 
 
 A very accurate and beautiful work.'' 
 
 —Arl Union. 
 
 " In these beautifully executed etchings, all has been done that art can do, and in the selection of the subjects the authors have 
 shown themselves to be thoroughly acquainted with the existing remains. The descriptions are not less creditable, their researches being 
 eharaeterized by great acutencss, and a thorough knowledge of costume." Architect, Engineer, and Surveyor. 
 
 " Some of the plates in Messrs. Wallers' work are of extraordinary beauty." Markland^s Remarks on English Churches. 
 
 " Only one work has yet appeared that is capable of conveying to the mind an adequate idea of the beauty pertaining to this 
 class of monuments: in the execution of their task, Messrs. Waller have displayed remarkably good taste and abiUty to a perfect 
 
 perception of the subject: their undertaking stands pre-cuiinent among works illustrative of ancient art." Harishorne's Lecture at 
 
 ifhrcwshwy. 
 
 In the progress of this work, the authors have endeavoured 
 to furnish examples of every variety' of design adopted by the 
 medieval artists in the production of Brasses, the only land of 
 monumental i-ecord capable of being appropriately applied to 
 every class of society. The costly altar-tomb, with its recumbent 
 effigies in attitude of prayer, was unquestionably a beautiful and 
 devotional -work of art ; but it "was only attainable by individuals 
 of rank or wealth, and besides this, in a church of hiunble 
 dimensions, its size seriously interfered with the interior arrange- 
 ments : but Brasses, equally devotional in style and character; 
 occupied no portion of the chiirch that could be required for 
 more important purposes ; their position for the most part was 
 on the floor, which they richly adorned, and it was also the best 
 that could be adopted for commemorating the departed, and at 
 the same time bringing practically before the minds of the living, 
 tiie stern lesson, Memento homo quia pubis es, et in pulverem 
 reverteris. 
 
 Simplicity of design and boldness of outline are the dis- 
 tinguishing features of a Brass, yet admitting of detail more or 
 less elaborate according to circumstances ; hence, a monument 
 of appropriate design may be obtained at a very moderate cost, 
 the increase of expense depending on the enrichment : a floriated 
 Cross, similar to the example here given, can be furnished at 
 less price than most marble tablets ; and an elaborate Brass with 
 canopies, figures, and ecclesiastical devices, inlaid with aj^pro- 
 priate colours, will be far less expensive than the incongruous 
 piles of stone or marble which disfigure and encumber so many of our churches. 
 
 That this branch of Monumental Art is capable of much beautiful development, there can be no doubt ; 
 and the authors having bestowed considerable time and attention to the subject, are prepared to superintend 
 the execution of Brasses, for which they \vill furnish original designs and estimates. 
 
 IBfc iacft tumuIahiS lina ni iHaria ct ffiliiabctlj fayoriiil 
 ciuS SSaaiB"'^ ffililDarlJuS Caapcr {)' Jiij._nmiaS firrtor 
 fjut'tffrtUc qui ofaijtvri'lir *3ftf6r'aD. SniiH". tiiij'. tij". 
 
 ViniUesham Chiircli, Surrey. 
 
 20, Charles Street, Berners Street, 
 2d December, 1844. 
 
 1 
 
> 
 
 ! 
 
 ! 
 
 > 
 
 r 
 
malltv'fi JHoitumcntal aSrassrs. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PART 
 
 I.— Ralph cic Knei7ntQn, 13/0. Aveley, Essex. 
 
 A Notary, 1475. St. Mary Tower Church, Ipswich. 
 Ardihishop Harsnett, 16,31, Chign-cll, Essex. 
 Thomas Cheyne, 1368. Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks. 
 A Priest and a Fraiikeleiii, IS/O. Shottesbrook, Berks. 
 Dr. Christopher Urswick, 1521. Hackney, Middlesex. 
 Sir Robert de Bures, 1302. Acton^ Suffolk. 
 Nicholas Caiiteys, 1431. Margate, Kent. 
 
 III. — Sir Robert Swynborne, 1391, and Sir Thomas Swynborne, 1412. Little Ilorkesley, Essex. 
 
 Esmound de Burnedish, 1370. Bmndish, Suffolk. 
 
 Sir John D'Aubernoun, 12/7. Stoke d'Abernon, Surrey. 
 
 Compartment of Walsokne's Brass. Lynn Regis. 
 
 IV. — John Leventhorp, Esq., and Lady, 1433. Sawbridgeworth, Herts. 
 
 Sir Roger de Trumpington, 1239. Trumpington, Cambridgeshire. 
 Sir Peter Ardeme, Chief Baron, and Lady, 1465. Latton, Essex. 
 Archbishop Grenefield, 1315. York Minster. 
 
 v.— Compartment of Walsokne's Brass, 1349. Lynn Regis. 
 
 Archdeacon Rothewelle, 1361. Rothwell, North am ptonsl lire. 
 Sir Peter Legh, and Lady, 152/. Winwick, Lancashire. 
 Sir John Say, and Lady, 1473. Broxboume, Herts. 
 VL — Sir Reginald de Cobham, 1403. Lingfield, Surrey, 
 
 Robert Parys, and Lady, MOS, Hildersham, Cambridgeshire. 
 
 Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, and Lady, 1401, St, Mary's Church, Warwick. 
 Andrew Evyngar, and Wife, 1535. Allhallows Barking, London. 
 VIL— John Strete, Rector, 1405. Upper Hardres, Kent. 
 An Ecclesiastic, 1360. Wensley, Yorkshire. 
 Peter Halle, Esq., and Lady, 1420. Heme, Kent. 
 
 Brian Roucliffe, Baron of tlie Exchequer, and Lady, 1494. Cowthorp, Yorkshire. 
 Yin.— Sir John de Crckc, and Lady, 1325. Westley Waterless, Cambridgeshire. 
 Thomas Nelond, Prior of Lewes, 1434, Cowfold, Sussex. 
 John Corp, and Grand-daughter, 1391. Stoke Fleming, Devon. 
 William Cheyne, 1375. Drayton Beauchamp, Bucks. 
 IX.— Bishop Wyvil!, 1375. Salisbur)- Cathedral. 
 
 John Feld, Alderman, and John Feld, Esq., his Son, 1474-7- Standon, Herts. 
 Henry Parice, Esq., 14G0. Hildersham, Cambridgeshire. 
 Sir Robert de Septvans, 1306. Chartham, Kent. 
 
 X. — Consists of Text, with Engravings on copper and wood. 
 XI. — Sir Wilham Vernon, and Lady, 146?. Tong, Shropshire. 
 Viscount Beaumont, 150?. Wivenhoe, Essex. 
 WiUiam Ermyn, Rector, 1401. Castle Ashby, Northamptonshire. 
 Four Ecclesiastics, from New College, Oxford. 
 
 XII.— Richard Dyxton, Esq., 1438. Cirencester. 
 Sir Thomas BuUcn, 1538. Hevcr, Kent. 
 Lady Joan Cobham, 1320. Cobham, Kent. 
 Peter Gerard, Esq., 1492. W^inwick, Lancashire. 
 
 XIIL— Sir William Molyneux, and his two Wives, 1548. Sefton, Lancashire. 
 A Knight of the Fitzralph Family, 1320. Pebmarsh, Essex. 
 William Fynderne, Esq., and Lady, 1444. Childrey, Berks. 
 
 Three Ecclesiastics, viz. : John Darley, 1480, Heme, Kent : John Stodeley, 1515, Over Win chen don, Bucks : Arthur Cole 1558 
 Magdalen College, Oxford. ' ' 
 
 ■Nicholas Manston, Esq., 1444, St. Lawrence, Kent: John Daundelyon, Gentleman, 1445, Margate, Kent: Walter Grene Esq 
 1450, Hayes, Middlesex. ' 
 
 XIV,- 
 
 Sir John Foxley, and his two Wives. Temp. Edward III. Bray, Berks. 
 Sir Thomas Walsh, and Lady, 1393. Wanlip, Leicestershire. 
 Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex, and Lady, 1483. Little Easton, Essex. 
 XV.— Elizabeth Harvey, Abbess of Elstow : Agnes Jordan, Abbess of Sion : Richard Bewfforest, Prior of Dorchester. 
 Sir John Cassy, Baron of the E.^chequer, and Lady, 1400. Deerhurst, Gloucestershire. 
 Sir Edward Filmer, and Lady, 1638. East Sutton, Kent. 
 Details from Sir Hugh Hastings' Brass, 134/. Elaing, Norfolk.