5f Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/practicalmanualoOObaig ft*., ‘ ■ .^--rvv /.*'> ; r . i.i V . ‘' •■'■'^;5->^*:; <':.®' ' * ■^,’ -'i^ r vi^'. ' W.- -.■■ ' V-'''- •'#-■ ■ - "■ Ki*-.:.- - 'AS, V' V.'. ;».;'■ 't >■ ,? t.vw; •-C • *:■ ‘IgTsCC' ■-:'^"r ;■■•■,• :■-• -■ '• : jh - “j . V ’:$■■ i y : ■ ‘,S ' • -- V- ■*> . ’. ^ ^ J f ’ ■* ,VV . . /■* f ' ■X : TLe Armorial Insignia of BiCilARD Pox: Bishop of AAhnchester, Bounder of Corpus Christ: College Oxford, and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal to Henry "VIl. ^ Henry VEI. K nONG-.UTH. xutial AND OF ualiir lllaiiiinattfln t WITH ., 0 ^ ©Inssarg of tijc ^nncigal 5l?£vms astir m tralirrg. FRANCIS JOSEPH BAIGENT. AND CHARLES JAMES RUSSELL. f 0nlj0n: GEORGE ROWNEY AND CO., MANUFACTURING ARTISTS’ COLOURMEN, 52, RATHBONE PLACE, AND 29, OXFORD STREET, W. 1864. The Right of Translation is reserved. LONDON HENDERSON, EAIT, AND FENTON, GENERAL PRINTERS, WINSLEY STREET, OXFORD STREET, W. As our little work is intended to be elementary, the reader will not find in it anything beyond what is necessary to enable him to understand the Science of Heraldry ; while, at the same time, its principles are explained with as much brevity as a due regard to perspicuity will permit. The instructions laid down for the delineation and correct representation of Armorial bearings with their accessories, etc., will, we trust, be found both simple and clear, and the reader will also discover in our work everything necessary for enabling him to acquire a proficiency in Heraldic Illumination. The revival of the ^‘Art of Illumination ” during the last few years has led to a demand for a work of this kind. Heraldic Illumination has an advantage over what is generally termed Illumination or Missal painting : for it belongs as much to the present time as to the past. Printing has, in a great degree, superseded the use of Illuminated Manuscripts, but Armorial bearings, so much prized by the possessor, still require the hand of the Illuminator. Englishmen are naturally proud of the armorial insignia of their families, and we do not know what could be a more pleasing gift to a friend than these insignia carefully and richly illumi- nated ; or the still more elaborately marshalled shield, or complete achievement with its numerous quarterings. Indeed, a pedigree of a person’s family illuminated with the arms of his progenitors, shewing all their alliances, etc., would be not only a generous tribute to the memory of his ancestors, but also a valuable family memorial. IV PKEFACE. It is to encourage such undertakings, and to throw an in- creased interest upon genealogical researches, that this little manual has been committed to the press. We may here remark, that we consider that the Art of Heraldic Illumination is eminently one in which England’s fair daughters may engage, and throughout our work we have not forgotten that our instructions are particularly intended for them. F. J. B. Winchester, Dec. 10/A, 1863. Contents. Preface ..... Introduction General Instructions The Honorable or Principal Ordinaries Subordinate Ordinaries Divisional Lines of the Field, &c. Roundels .... Gutte or Drops Differences or Marks of Cadency Heraldic Crosses . . . . Blazon ..... Examples of Blazon, &c. . Marshalling .... The External Ornaments of the Shield Crowns and Coronets . Achievements of Arms An Episcopal Achievement Practical Instructions Glossary of Terms and Index . Index of Names . . . , Page . iii 1 . 4 7 . 8 10 . 11 12 . 12 13 . 15 18 . 31 36 . 38 40 . 41 43 . 48 63 •• I A rattial Manual af AND OF JiralJtit llliirainatiflin. Introhittion. When a knight was armed cap-a-pie^ his person was not known to those about him. In order, however, that he might be recognized by his followers and friends, some device was painted on his shield, — and hence the origin of Heraldic emblems. The same reason led to the adoption of Crests, which, being placed on the helmet, were at once a mark of recognition and of honor. We are often asked the meaning of the various charges, — some persons insist that each charge has a subtle meaning, — but the more correct view is that the charges were only used to mark the difference between one coat of arms and another. Those charges denominated honorable ordinaries,” as well as many of the sub-ordinaries, originated in the necessary wooden or metal strengthenings of the shields themselves. Mr. Planche, who first brought forward this idea, has given several instances of this in his work entitled ‘‘ The Pursuivant of Arms.” Be- sides, the proof is both reasonable and probable. The egregious absurdity of considering that certain colors or charges typified the virtues or dispositions of the bearer, requires no other refu- tation than the contradictory assertions of the pedantic essayists themselves. 2 INTRODUCTION. The origin of Heraldry is still unknown, though many conjec- tures on the subject have appeared ; and its first resolution into a science is as yet without an authenticated date. No proof has been discovered of the use of any armorial bearing (properly so called), previous to the second crusade, A.D. 1147. In England the earliest known Heraldic informa- tion consists of a copy of a Roll of Arms of the time of Henry IH.'^ Sir Harris Nicolas fixes the date of the compilation of the original of the Roll between the years 1240 and 1249. It furnishes us with a multitude of examples of the earliest regular armorial bearings of the Sovereign, the Princes of the blood, and the principal Barons and Knights of England, blazoned correctly, and comprising nearly all the principal terms in use at the present day. Heraldry had then become a science, and arms hereditary. There is also a copy of another Roll of the same period, containing nearly seven hundred coats.f Several similar Heraldic rolls or records are extant of the reigns of Edward I., Edward H., Edward HI., and Richard II. J In course of time, to prevent confusion and quarrels, and for the settlement of disputes, it was found necessary to establish a Court or Registry of Armorial bearings. This appears to have been done in the reign of Henry V. Its officers were first in- corporated by a charter of King Richard III., in the first year of his reign, a.d. 1483. This was the origin of the celebrated corporation called the College of Arms, which consists of thirteen members, of the several ranks of Kings, Heralds, and Pursuivants. In the beginning of the sixteenth century, owing to the multi- plicity of abuses and irregularities which had crept into all matters appertaining to the descent of arms, commissions were issued under the Great Seal empowering the Heralds to visit their different provinces or districts, as often as they deemed it necessary, and to convene before them all those who bore or assumed to bear arms, and were styled esquires and gentlemen ; and to cause them to produce and to shew by wffiat authority and right they challenged the said use of arms.” These circuits * MS College of Arras, marked L. 14. t Harl. MS., 6589. t Ibid, and Cotton, MS., Calig. A. xviii. INTRODUCTION. 3 were called “Visitations.” The earliest of these Visitations was held in 1528-9. From this time till the close of the seven- teenth century, they were regularly made every twenty-five or thirty years. The records or register-books of these Visitations are of the highest importance. Unfortunately, many of the books are now lost, and those which remain are scattered amongst the private and public libraries of the kingdom. Several are preserved in the Bodleian and Ashmolean Libraries, but by far the greatest collection is in the archives of the College of Arms, and at the British Museum. In modern times. Heraldry has lost much of its importance. Formerly, the Heralds had power to fine and pronounce ignoble those who assumed arms without the necessary sanction, or power to prove their claim. The earliest coats of arms are remarkable for their simplicity : distinctness Tvas the grand and primary object of Armorial bearings, as they were intended to announce the persons of the owners as far as the eye could reach. During the eighteenth century these principles appear to have been disregarded, and grants of Arms have been given showing a want of knowledge of the true principles of Heraldry on the part of those who should know better. Some of these coats are singular for the quantity and variety of charges which are introduced on them. Lands, rocks, fortresses, sea, ships, and medals, are all found on the coats of this period. To give one example as an illustration : The arms granted to the celebrated Sir William Herschel are described as, “ Argent, on a mount vert, a representation of the ‘forty feet reflecting telescope,’ with its apparatus, proper; a chief azure, thereon the astronomical symbol of ‘ Uranus or Georgium Sidus’ irradiated, or.” |nstrM£ti0ns. The Shield, or Escutcheon, is the surface whereon are given the figures which make up the coat of arms. Its shape depends more upon the caprice or taste of the draughtsman than upon any settled rule."*^ The surface, or space, within the boundary lines of the Shield, is called the Field, Whatever is contained in the Field is denominated a Charge, whether it occupies the whole or only a part thereof. The Field is distinguished by certain points used to denote the exact position of any given charge, viz. : — A. The Dexter Chief. B. The Middle Chief. C. The Sinister Chief. D. The Collar, or Honor Point. E. The Fess Point. F. The Nombril Point. G. The Dexter Base. H. The Middle Base. I. The Sinister Base. The right side of the Shield is the side opposite to the left hand of the spectator. It is called the Dexter side, and the left side is called the Sinister. There are two Metals and five Colors employed in Heraldry; the latter are designated Tinctures, and refer to that variety of hue which is common both to shields and their bearings. The Metals are gold, termed Or, and silver, or white. Argent. — Vide Plate II., fig. 1 and 2. The Tinctures are — 1. Azure or blue; 2. G-ules or red; 3. Sahle or black ; 4. Pur^pure or purple ; 5. Vert or green. The tones of these Tinctures are given in Plate H., fig. 3, 4, 6, 7, and 9, and by the side of each is depicted the manner in which they are shown in Heraldic engravings — a knowledge of * We have given a few suitable varieties, see Plates 1 ., XII., XIII., XV., and XVI. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 5 which will enable any of our readers at once to read the coloring of engraved armorial bearings, book plates, etc., viz., Or, by small dots or points : Argent^ by an entirely plain or blank surface : G-ules^ by perpendicular lines : Azure^ by hori- zontal lines: Sable^hg perpendicular and horizontal lines crossing each other : Vert^ by diagonal lines from left to right : and Pur- pure^ by similar lines from right to left. This mode of repre- sentation is universally adopted by engravers, and is said to have been the invention of an Italian ecclesiastic, Father Silvestre de Petra Sancta. The paucity and the insufficiency of variety in the Tinctures led to the introduction of Heraldic furs, which are eight in number, namely: 1. Ermine, a well known fur, which is represented in Heraldry by black spots on a white ground. — Plate H., fig. 5. 2. Erminois, a gold ground with black spots. — Plate H., ■ fig- 8- 3. Ermines, a black ground with white spots. — Plate II., fig. 12. 4. Pean, a black ground with gold spots. — Plate II., fig. 15. 5. Vair, a fur used for lining the mantles of noble and official personages of high rank in the Middle Ages, and is said to have been taken from a species of squirrel which was blueish grey on the back and white on the belly. In Heraldry it is re- presented by white and blue shield-shaped figures, arranged in rows opposite to each other, so that the base of the white one rests on the base of the blue. — Plate II., fig. 10. Vair is usually of seven rows when it occupies the entire field. If Vair is of any other color and metal, they must be specified; for instance, Vair, argent and sable : Vair, or and gules : Vair, ermine and gules, etc. In delineating Vair it should be always borne in mind that the first division of the top row is invariably of the metal or fur. 6. Counter Vair is, when the small shields are placed base against base, and point against point, of the same colours. — Plate H., fig. 11. 7. Potent is composed of figures like the head of a crutch. It may be of any two colors, but unless named, it is always argent and azure. — Plate H., fig. 13. e GUIDE TO HEEALDRY. 8. Counter Potent is when the heads are placed against heads on the same principle as Counter vair , — Plate II., fig. 14. Counter-changed is a term employed when the field is of one metal, and of one tincture or fur, and that the charge upon it partakes of both. — Plate II., fig. 16. It is a rule in Heraldry that metal shall never he placed upon metal, or color upon color, or fur upon fur; that is, if the Pield is of metal the Charge must be of color, and vice versa. Partition Lines are those which divide the Pield of the Escutcheon into any number of parts. When the partition line is not straight or even, its pecu- liarity must be specified, as must also the outline of any Ordinary under the same circumstances. The nine varieties of irregular lines commonly used in Heraldry are as follows : — Invected. Engrailed. Wavy, or Undee. Nebulee. — I I — I I — I I — [ I — I j — I Embattled, or ! I I I I I I I I I I Crenelles. Indented. Dancettee. \ \ \ \\ \ \ \ Ragulee. Dove-tailed. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 7 These irregular lines are employed in heraldry to vary bearings which would otherwise be the same. We have already mentioned that whatever is contained on the field, or surface of the Shield, is denominated a Charge. These Charges are distinguished by the name of Honorable Ordinaries, Sub-ordinaries, and Common charges: — |iaiwraW( or |rtitctpl 1. The Chief : This term signifies the head or upper part of the shield, separated from the lower part by a line which may be either straight or in the form of any of the partition lines already mentioned. The Chief should never be more than one- third, and is frequently only a fourth or fifth part of the depth of the shield. — Plate III., fig. 1, represents Or, a chief gules. 2. The Pale is formed by two lines drawn perpendicularly from the top to the base of the shield centrally. The space between the two lines is not to be more than a third, or less than a fourth part of the width of the shield. These two lines may be straight, or take the form of any of the partition lines previously named. This remark will apply to all the Ordinaries. — Plate III., fig. 2. Argent, a pale sable. The diminutives of the Pale are — I. The Pallet, which is half the width of the Pale. II. The Endorse, which is half the width of the Pallet. 3. The Pess is a similar Ordinary which occupies the space contained within two horizontal lines drawn across the Field of similar proportions to that assigned to the Chief. — Plate HI., fig. 3. Grides, a fess ermine. Its diminutives are — I. The Bar, which is about half the width of the Fess, or a sixth of the shield. It is never borne singly. II. The Barrulet, which is only half the width of the Bar. III. Bars-gemelles are a diminutive of the Barrulet, and are always borne in couples. Plate X., fig. 6. Two bars-gemelles, and Plate XV. fig. 2. On a chevron argent, three bars-gemelles sable. 8 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 4. The Bend is formed of two lines drawn diagonally from the Dexter chief to the Sinister base of the Shield. The space between the two lines corresponds to the third or fourth part of the width of the Shield. — Plate III., fig. 4. Azure ^ a lend or, I. The Bendlet^ which is about a third of the width of the Bend. — Plate XI., fig. 3. Two hendlets between three walnut leaves. II. The Cotise, which is half the width of the Bendlet. It is borne on each side of the Bend, separated from it by a space equal to the width of the Cotise itself. The Cotise may accompany any of the Ordinaries, except the Chief, and always occupies the same position, being parallel with the Ordinary. Double cotised refers to two cotises being placed on the sides of an Ordinary. — Plate VII., fig. 7. Or, a bend vair, cotised sable. 6 . The Bend Sinister is the same Ordinary in a reversed position, being drawn from the Sinister chief to the Dexter base. — Plate III., fig. 5. Or, a bend sinister azure. 6 . The Chevron is formed by two parallel lines drawn from the Dexter base meeting pyramidically about the Fess point, and two other parallel lines drawn from the Sinister base. — Plate III., fig. 6 . G-ides, a chevron argent. I. The Chevronel, which is half the width of the chevron. II. The Couple-close, which is half the width of the Chevronel. Plate XI., fig. 7. Three chevronels interlaced. 7. The Cross is formed by the meeting of a Pale and a Fess. — Plate in., fig. 7. Or, a cross vert. 8. The Saltire is formed by the bend dexter and bend sinister crossing each other. — Plate III., fig. 8. Grules, a saltire argent. SnborMnatt ©rlimErus. 1. The Border is formed by an inner line of the same shape as the Shield, enclosing a space of one-sixth to one-eighth of the width of the Shield.— Plate III., fig. 9. Sable, a border argent. GUIDE TO HEKALDR'S. 9 2. The Orle is an inner border that does not touch the extremities of the Shield; the Field being seen on every side. — Plate III., fig. 10. Argent^ an orle gules. 3. The Tressure is a diminutive of the Orle, half its breadth, and is often borne double. — Plate III., fig. 11. Argent^ a double tressure purpure. 4. The Inescutcheon is a small shield placed centrally within the Shield. — Plate HP., fig. 12. Or, a7i inescutcheon sable. 5. The Quarter is a space formed within two lines, one drawn horizontally, and one vertically, from the middle chief to meet at the same place. It occupies, as its name imports, about one-fourth part of the Shield. — Plate III., fig. 13. Azure ^ a quarter Or. The Canton is a diminutive of the quarter, being half its size. — Plate III., fig. 14. Ermine^ a canton gules. Checky is, when the field or any armorial bearing is divided into small squares of different tinctures, like a chess-board. — Plate III., fig. 15. Qhechj Or and azure. On ordinaries, Checky generally consist of three rows of square pieces. — Plate YIII., fig. 8. A Fess Checky. Billets are oblong figures, twice as long as broad. — Plate HI ., fig. 16. Grules, nine billets ctrgent^ four^ three., and tivo. The Pall is composed of the upper half of a Saltire, and the lower half of a Pale. — Plate IH., fig. 17. Argent, a pall pur- pure. Flaunches are spaces formed on each side of the Shield by two curved lines. — Plate III., fig. 18. Or, two flaunches gules. The Pile is a figure formed by two lines meeting in a point in the form of a wedge. If borne plain, it should be one-half of the Chief in width; when charged, two- thirds. — Plate IH., fig. 19. Azure, a pile ermine. The Gyron is a triangular figure issuing from the Dexter chief to the centre of the Shield. — Plate HI., fig. 20. Or, a gyron sable. 10 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. giWsional ^im 0f JfidJr, h. If the Shield is divided into two equal parts by a perpendi- cular line, it is said to he Party per Pale.’*^ — Plate IV., fig. 1. — Per pale argent and gules. Party per Fess. — When divided by a horizontal line. Plate IV., fig. 2. Per fess azure and argent. Party per Cross, or Quarterly. — When it is divided both by perpendicular and horizontal lines. — Plate IV., fig. 3. Quarterly ermine and gules. Party per Bend is, when the Field is divided by a diagonal line from the Dexter chief to the Sinister base. — Plate IV., fig. 4. Per hend azure and or. If this line be reversed in position, it is said to be Party per Bend Sinister. — Plate IV., fig. 5. Per hend sinister ermine and ermines. When these two diagonal lines are employed, it becomes Party per Saltire. — Plate IV., fig. 6. Per saltire Or and gules. If the Shield is divided into two parts by diagonal lines drawn from the Dexter and Sinister base, and meeting pyramidi- cally in the Fess point, it is Party per Chevron. — Plate IV., fig. 7. Per chevron sable and argent. Paly, when a Field or Charge is divided by perpendicular lines into any number of equal parts. When the Shield or Charge is divided into any even number of parts by perpendicular lines, it is said to be Paly of so many pieces. — Plate IV., fig. 8. Paly of six ^ argent and vert. If a Field, Border, or Charge is divided into any number of equal parts bendwise, it is called Bendy. If the divisions are in a reversed position it is called Bendy Sinister. When the Field or Charge is divided horizontally into a number of equal parts, it is said to be Barry of so many pieces. — Plate IV., fig. 9. Barry of six, or and azure. Barruly, signifies a similar division, but consists of a greater number of pieces. * The word Party" is usually omitted in the description or blazoning of coats of arms. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 11 The Fusil is an elongated lozenge-shaped figure. — Plate IV., fig. 10. Argenty a fusil gules. The Mascle is a lozenge-shaped figure perforated or voided, so that the Field appears through the open part. — Plate IV., fig. 11. Or, a mascle azure. The Rustre is a figure of similar shape, with a circular per- foration in its centre. — Plate IV., fig. 12. Argent^ a rustre gules. The three foregoing charges must always he placed 'perpendicu- larly^ the longest ivay. Lozengy is, when the Field or Charge is divided by diagonal lines transversely into equal parts, alternately of different tinc- tures. — Plate IV., fig. 13. Loze^igy^ argent^ and gules. Fretty is, when the Field or Charge is covered with narrow bars placed saltirewise, interlaced, and crossing each other. — Plate IV. , fig. 14. Vert, fretty Or. The Fret is a charge composed of six pieces, two forming a narrow saltire, and the remaining four conjoined in the centre in the form of a mascle, and interlacing each other. — Plate IV., fig. 15. Argent, a fret gules. Gyronny is, when the Field or Charge is divided into a number of small pieces of the shape of a Gyron. — Plate IV., fig. 16. G-yronny of eight Or and sable. The Carbuncle or Escarbuncle is a figure, formed by a circular boss, from which issue eight rays of a sceptre-like form. Plate IV., fig. 17. „ „ 18 . „ „ 19 . 20 . Gules, and escarbuncle or. Argent, a bugle-horn sable, stringed and garnished or. Argent, a shake-forh sable. Gules, a clarion or. Roundels are circular figures, which may have represented originally the studs or bosses on the shields. The modern classification is, as follows : — Those which are gold or Or, are called Bezants. — Plate II., fig. 25. 12 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. If Argent, they are called Plates, Fig. 26. Azure Hurts, Fig. 27. Gules Torteauxes, Fig. 28. Sable Pellets or Ogresses, Fig. 29. Yert PoMEis, Fig. 30. Purpure Golpes, Fig. 31. Barry Wavy of six Argent and Azure .... Fountains or Wells, Fig. 32. All these, with the exception of the Bezant^ the Plate^ and the Fountain^ which are flat, are globular, and must be shaded in addition to their tincture. When counter-changed, they are simply blazoned as Roundels. — Plate n., flg. 16. Per ]pale gules and or^ three roundels counter-changed. Or, three torteauxes^ are the arms of the illustrious family of Courtney — Earls of Devon. jffr gwps, Is a charge in the form of a Drop, and is never borne singly, hut is always semee or scattered. The following are the principal varieties used in Heraldry Gold Drops are called Gutte d’Or White or Silver Drops, Gutte d’Eau. Blue Drops . . . Gutte de Larmes. Bed Drops . . . Gutte de Sang. Green Drops . . . Gutte d’Huile or d’Olive. Black Drops . . . Gutte dePoix. — P lateH.,fig. 33. gifftnnm, 0r Paris uf Calms. These are certain flgures placed upon the family coat to denote the various branches or cadets of one family: distin- guishing the order of the birth of the several children. The eldest son, during the lifetime of his father, bears a Label. — Plate H., fig. 17. The second son, a Crescent. — Fig. 18. The third son, a Mullet. — ^Fig. 19. The fourth. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 13 a Martlet. — Fig. 20. The fifth, an Annulet. — Fig. 21. The sixth, a Fleur-de-lis. — Fig. 22. The seventh, a Rose. — Fig. 23. The eighth, a Cross Moline, etc. The first son of the first son, charges his label with a label ; the second the label with a crescent, and so on ; but these rules are so rarely ob- served, that it is unnecessary to puzzle our readers by entering more deeply into the subject than to observe that the Royal Family confine themselves to the use of the label variously differenced. faalMt CrosMi Besides the plain Cross, which has already been noticed as one of the Honorable Ordinaries,” this symbol appears in Heraldry under a variety of fantastic forms, borne either singly or in numbers. Plate V. contains various examples of the use of the Cross in Heraldry, and their several shapes are desig- nated as follows : — A Cross Aiguisee is drawn with pointed ends. This example is voided^ that is, the field is shown through the centre, the edges of the Cross only being left. — Fig. 1. A Cross Bottonee is that drawn with trefoiled ends. — Fig. 2. A Cross Humettee or Couped is a Cross cut off at the ends, so as not to touch the edges of the Shield. When more than one of these Crosses are given upon a Shield they are called Crosslets. — Fig. 3. The Cross-Crosslet ; this is a plain Cross crossed near the extremity of each limb. — Fig. 4. The Cross Quadrate is a Cross with an expanded square in the centre. — Fig. 5. The Cross Pattee or Former is a Cross widening in the extremities, which are cut off square. — Fig. 6. A Cross Pattee-Fitchee : this is the same as the last, except that its lower bar terminates in a point. When the lower bar of any Cross is thus shaped, it is termed a Cross-hottonee- JitcJiee, or a Cross crosslet-jitcliee., as the case may be. The term ‘‘‘fitchee at the fooV^ is substituted when the four arms of the B 14 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. Cross are drawn complete, with the addition of a pointed ter- mination or foot at the base of the lower arm. — Fig. 7. The Cross Moline is a Cross bi-parted and convoluted at the end of each arm like the cruciform pieces of iron upon a mill- stone. — Fig. 8. The Cross Patoncee : this Cross expands more widely than the Cross Moline, and has its extremities slightly floriated. — Fig. 9. The Cross Potent is a Cross crutch-shaped at each ex- tremity. — Fig. 10. A Cross Ragulee is a Cross jagged or notched in an ir- regular manner. — Fig. 11. The Cross Fourchee or Recercelee is bi-parted and curled at the extremities. — Fig. 12. The Cross Flory or Fleurie is a Cross with four straight limbs having a trefoil termination similar to a fleur-de-lis. — Fig. 13. A Cross Engrailed : this is a plain Cross, varied only in its outline. — Fig. 14. A Cross Quartered-pierced is a Cross with a square aper- ture through its centre. — Fig. 15. If the central portion of the Cross is entirely removed, the limbs being only left in contact, it is termed a Cross quarterly-pierced. — See Plate VII., fig. 6. A Cross PoMEL or Pometee is a Cross terminating in single knobs or pomels. — Fig. 16. A Cross Quarterly is a Cross divided in the centre by a perpendicular and a horizontal line, having the portion on each side varied in its tincture. — Fig. 17. A Maltese Cross : this Cross is greatly expanded at the extremities with eight angled points. — Fig. 18. A Cross Fimbriated is a Cross surrounded by a narrow edging or border, and is the reverse of a Cross voided, though it may seem to resemble it at first sight. — Fig. 19. Five Roundels, in Cross. — Fig. 20. Whenever any parti- cular Charge is said to he “ in cross,” it means that the figures are arranged, as in this example, in the form of a Cross. The same explanation will apply to Charges, described as in chevron., in hend, etc. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 15 Blazon is the term used by Heralds for describing in words the Figures and Colors upon a Shield of Arms, so as to enable any person acquainted with Heraldry to depict them correctly. Blazon is undoubtedly the most important part of the Science. The principles are simple, and easily learned. 1. — In Blazoning, we must name the metal or tincture of the Field, in the first place. 2. — Then the description and tincture of the Ordinary or Charge should be named. For example, Plate HI., fig. 1. Or, a chief gules. — Plate VII., fig. 2. Or, a lion rampant gules. 3. — If the Field be divided into two or more metals or tinc- tures, the lines by which it is divided should be named, and the metal or tincture nearest the Dexter chief must be the first mentioned by name. — Plate VH., fig. 5. Per chevron argent and gides. — Fig. 12. Per pale gides and azure. 4. — If the Field be semee, that is, powdered, or covered with small Charges, such as crosses, fleur-de-lis, billets, etc., this must be mentioned before the Charges. 5. — If there be any of the principal Ordinaries in the Coat (excepting the Chief) they must be named, next to the Field, and previous to any other Charge. — Plate VH., fig. 11. Argent., two chevrons azure, etc. 6. — The Chief is always mentioned last. — Plate VH., fig. 10. Gides, three roses argent, harhed vert and seeded or, a chief vair. 7. — Should any of the lines be uneven, they are to be named with the Ordinary or Division. — Plate XII., fig. 1. Azure, a fess dancetU ermine, etc. 8. — When an Ordinary is placed between other Charges, it is Blazoned as “ between.” — Plate XH., fig. 9. Gides, a bend or, between two escallops argent. 9. — If any Ordinary is itself Charged, such Charge must be mentioned next to those between which the Ordinary is placed. — Plate VH., fig. 9. Gules, on a bend engrailed argent, between two cinquefoils or, three leopards’ faces vert. The learner must bear in mind that Heraldry forbids the placing of metal on metal, or color on color. In ancient B 2 16 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. Heraldry, we know of only one example which contradicts this rule, viz.: — the Arms of the Mediaeval Kings of Jerusalem, which is blazoned Argent^ a cross potent, between fotir crosses or. In Blazon, brevity is to be studied, repetition or tautology being strictly forbidden. Thus Fig. 3, Plate XII., is Blazoned Azure, a fess nebuUe, between three crescents ermine, which indicates that both the Fess and the Crescents are Ermine. In Fig. 2, to avoid the repetition of the word Or, the Charges on the Chief must be Blazoned on a chief sable, three escallops of the first; and, for the same reason. Fig. 12, Plate VH., must be Blazoned Per pale gules and azure, on a fess wavy argent, between three garbs or, three billets of the second. If any Charge is given in its natural color it is termed proper. Animals, birds, etc., are Blazoned as follows : — Lions, and other beasts of prey. Rampant, when erect and in profile. — See Plate YI., Fig. 1. Rampant-Guard ANT, when erect with a full face. — Fig. 2. Rampant-Reguard ANT, erect with the head looking back. — Fig. 3. A Demi Lion, Rampant. — Fig. 4. Passant, walking with the head in profile. — Fig. 5. Passant-Guardant, walking with the head full faced. —Fig. 6. Passant-Reguardant, in a similar position, with the head looking back. — Fig. 7. Counter-Passant, when two lions or beasts of prey are shown, one walking to the dexter and the other to the sinister. Salient, in a leaping posture with both fore-paws together. Crouchant, lying down with the head erect. Sejant, sitting down on its haunches. — Fig. 12, a talbot sejant. Dormant, sleeping. All the above terms are subject to the same variations of guardant and reguardant. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 17 Stags, and other beasts of chase, are Blazoned : — Statant, when standing, as in Fig. 8. Trippant, same as passant to beasts of prey, when the animal is trotting. — Fig. 9. At Gaze, when standing full faced. — Fig. 10. Lodged, when at rest or lying on the ground. — Fig. 11. Tame Animals, such as the bull, goat, etc., when their horns or hoofs are of a different tincture are said to be armed and unguled or hoofed^ but deer are Blazoned attired^ on account of their antlers. The Heads and Limbs of animals, birds, etc., are Bla- zoned : — CouPED, when it is cut off by an even line ; the word couped is, however, not mentioned, but always understood in Blazon. — See Figs. 13, 15, and 16. Erased, when the line is uneven as if it had been torn off. — Fig. 14. A goafs head erased. Fig. 27. A liorfs jamb erased. Cabossed, when the full front of the head only is shown. — Plate IX., fig. 8. A hidVs head cabossed. The Teeth and Claws of lions, and other ravenous beasts, are called their arms ; and when of a different color to their bodies they are said to be armed. If the Tongue be of a dif- ferent color it is said to be langued. — Plate VII., fig. 2. Or, a lion rampant gides armed and langued azure. The birds usually met with in English Heraldry are the eagle, falcon, hawk, popinjay, martlet, chough, heathcock, ostrich, swan, raven, owl, etc. The Eagle is Blazoned Displayed, when the wings are open. — See Plate X., fig. 9. Closed, when the wings are shut. — Plate VI., fig. 17. A falcon closed. Volant, when in the act of rising. — Fig. 18. A falcon volant. The Martlet, a species of swallow, is a frequent heraldic bearing, and is always represented feetless in Heraldry. The Beaks and Talons of birds of prey are termed their arms, and are described as armed ” of the particular tincture. Tame 18 GUIDE TO HEKALDEY. birds are said to be heahed ; and member ed, when their legs are of a different tincture to their bodies. The Cock, however, must be Blazoned as armed in reference to his beak and spurs, crested of his comb, dind Jellopjoed of his wattles. The Hawk and Falcon is helled and jessed. — See Figs. 17 and 18. A bird’s Wing is not an unusual Charge in Heraldry. If the tip of the wing is elevated, it is Blazoned as erect. Fig. 24, depicts a pair of wings erect ^ conjoined. If the tips of the wings droop downwards, they are Blazoned inverted or in lure. — Plate X., fig. 3. On a hend^ three pair of wings conjoined in lure. 8. — Fish are Blazoned : Hauriant, when in pale, as if rising to the surface. — Fig. 19. Naiant, if horizontally or swimming. — Fig. 20. Urinant, when its head is downwards and the tail erect. — Fig. 21. Embowed, if its body is arched, as the dolphins in Fig. 1., Plate IX. Plate VI., Fig. 22. — A castle tripled- towered. „ „ 23. — An armed dexter arm embowed, the hand closed. „ „ 25. — A cubit arm erect, vested. „ „ 26. — A Moor’s head couped at the neck. The same Charge, when full faced, is Blazoned affrontee. flf llaprani, tU. We have already mentioned that the earlier Coats of Arms are remarkable for their simplicity and paucity of Charges. It will be well now to proceed to illustrate this fact, by calling at- tention to the Armorial Bearings of some of the earliest of our existing families, given in our introductory plates. We will then proceed to describe or, in Heraldic language, to “ Blazon,” the examples of Arms which we have selected for the instruction of our readers. They are, in all cases, the arms of existing families^ and the greater portion of them are of ancient date, pertaining to families whose pedigrees reach back to remote times, and whose ancestors distinguished themselves, and were GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 19 numbered among the Chivalry of England, in the Crusades, at Cressy, Poictiers and Agincourt. A careful attention to the readings, and an occasional reference to our Glossary of Terms, will enable our readers with little, or no difficulty, to Blazon arms, and to delineate any coats which may come under their notice. At the end of the blazoning of each coat of arms is given the name of the person who is the present representative of the family bearing them. Plate II. Fig. 10. — Vair : the arms of the family of Beauchamp, Baron Beauchamp of Hache, co. Somerset. This Barony is in abeyance. The coat of the ancient Baronial family of Ferrers of Chartley, co. Stafford, was Vair^ Or ayid gules. Sir Thomas Gresley of Drakelow, co. Derby, tenth Baronet, bears : FhzV, ermine and gules ; and the family of Meynell of Meynell- Langley, in the same county, Fh^V, argemt and sahle — Godfrey Franceys Meynell, Esq. Plate III. Fig. 1. — Or, a chief gides : the arms of Lumley of Bradfield. Sir William Worsley of Hovingham Hall, co. York, Baronet, bears Argent^ a chief gules. Vair^ a chief or^ are the arms of the ancient family of Tichborne of Tichborne, co. Hants — Sir Alfred Joseph Doughty-Tichborne, eleventh Baronet. This coat was borne by Sir Roger de Tichborne, temp of Henry HI. — Vide Plate XH., Fig. 7. Fig. 2. — Argent., a pale sahle : the arms of Lord Erskihe, Earl of Marr and Kellie — John Francis Miller Erskine, the fifteenth Earl. Fig. 3. — Gules., a fess ermme : Craufurd of Craufurdland, co. Ayr — William Houison Craufurd, Esq. Sahle, a fess or: Bond of the Grange, co. Dorset. Argent, a fess dancettee sahle: West, Earl De-la- Warr. Fig. 4. — Azure, a hend or : Scrope of Danby, co. York — Simon Thomas Scrope, Esq. These arms were confirmed by the 20 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. Court of Chivalry in 1390, on the celebrated dispute between the houses of Scrope and Grosvenor, as to the right of bearing them. The Carminows of Cornwall used a similar coat. Argent a bend wavy sable : the ancient family of Wallop, Earls of Portsmouth. Fig. 5. — Or, a bend sinister azure : Trye of Leckhampton Court, CO, Gloucester^the Rev. Charles Brandon Trye. Fig. 6. — G-tdes^ a chevron argent: Fulford of Fulford, co. Devon — Baldwin Fulford, Esq. Or ^ a chevron gules ^ is borne by Lord Stafford, being the arms of the ancient family of that name. Dr, a chevron azure: Bastard of Kitley, co. Devon. Argent.^ a chevron sable : Sir John Salusbury-Trelawny of Trelawny, ninth Baronet. Touchet, Lord Audley, Ermine.^ a chevron gules; and Baron Ffrench, Ermine a chevron sable. Fig. 7. — Or, a cross vert: Hussey of Scotney Castle, co. Sussex — Edward Hussey, Esq. The Bohuns of Midhurst, co. Sussex, bore Or, a cross azure. Many other examples might be cited. Argent^ a cross g^des, is termed a St. George’s Cross. ' Fig. 8. — Gides, a saltire agent : Neville of Thorney, .co. Notts. — the Bev. Christopher Neville. Lord Abergavenny bears the same coat, with a rose in the centre of the saltire gules, seeded proper. Argent^ a saltire gules : Sir Robert Tolver Gerard, thirteenth Baronet of Bryn, co. Lancaster. Fig. 9. — Ermine^ a border engrailed gules^ are the arms of Sir Reginald Barnewall, eighth Baronet of Crickstown Castle, CO. Meath. Fig. 10. — Argent an orle gules : Essex of Bewcot, co. Berks. Fig. 14. — Ermine^ a canton gules : Surtees of Redworth, co. Durha n — Robert Lambton Surtees, Esq. Gules^ a canton argent^ is borne by the family of Blencowe of Marston, St. Lawrence, co. Northampton. Argent^ a canton sable : Sir John Sutton, third Baronet, of Norwood Park, co. Notts. Fig. 15. — Cheeky or and azure : Warren of Killiney Castle, CO. Dublin — Robert Warren, Esq. Cheeky of twelve^ argent and sable — St. Barbe of Lymington, co. Hants; — George Foster St. Barbe, Esq. Fig. 16. — Sable, ten billets argent, are the arms of Blundell of Crosby, co. Lancaster — Nicholas Blundell, Esq. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 21 Fig. 19 . — AzurCy a ])ile ermine : Wyche of Davenham, Che- shire. Plate IV. Fig. 1. — Per pale argent and gules : the arms of Sir William Frederick Waldegrave, ninth Earl Waldegrave. Fig. 3. — Quarterly ermine and gides: Stanhope of Shelford — George Augustus Frederick Stanhope, sixth Earl of Chester- field. The Earls of Stanhope and of Harrington are of the same family, and, consequently, bear the same arms. Fig. 5. — Per lend sinister ermine and ermines : the arms borne by Lord Vaux of Harrowden ; and by Sir Pyers Mostyn of Talacre, Flintshire, eighth Baronet, are : — Per lend sinister ermine and ermineSy a lion rampant or. Fig. 7. — Per chevron sable and argent : Aston of Aston, co. Cheshire. Fig. 8. — Pahjy of six argent and vert : Langley of Higham Gobion, co. Bedford. Palyy of six or and azurCy a (piarter erminCy are the arms of the Shirley family, of which the senior line is represented by the present Earl Ferrers of Staunton Harold, co. Leicester. Fig. 9. — Barry y of six or and azure : Constable of Burton Constable, co. York — Sir Thomas Aston Clifford-Constable of Tixal, CO. Stafford, second Baronet. Barrijy of six argent and azurey are the arms of Lord Grey, Earl of Stamford. Barry y of eight or and sable : Selby of Biddleston, co. Northumber- land ; and Barry of ten or and sable : Lord Thynne, Marquis of Bath. Fig. 13. — Lozengy argent and gides : Earl Fitz-William, Sir William Thomas Spencer Wentworth Fitz-William, sixth Earl. Fig. 14. — Vertyfrettg or : Whitmore of Appley, Shropshire — Thomas Charlton Whitmore, Esq. Oryfretty azure: Lord Willoughby, Baron Middleton. Argent y fretty sable : Lord Vernon of Sudbm-y. Sir Michael le Fleming of Bydal, co. Westmoreland, seventh Baronet, and the family of Huddleston of Sawston, co. Cambridge : QideSy fretty argent. Fig. 15. — Argent y a fret gides : the arms of the Blake family 22 GUIDE TO HEKALDRY. of Ireland and Suffolk; Blake, Baron Wallscourt. Sahle, a fret argent : Harrington of Worden, co. Devon. Ermine^ a fret sable : Clude of Orleton, Shropshire. Fig. 16. — G-yronny^ of eight or and sable : the arms of the family of Campbell, among whom are to be reckoned the Dukes of Argyll, the Earls of Cawdor, etc. Fig. 19. — Argenty a shake-forh sable : Cuningham of Corse Hill, CO. Ayr. Plate V. Fig. 1. — The arms of the late Sir Henry Robert Dukinfield, Baronet, of Dukinfield Hall, co. Chester : Argent^ a cross aguisee voided sable. Fig. 2. — Gides., a cross botonn^e ermine : the arms of the family of Homfray of Penllyne Castle, co. Glamorgan — John Homfray, Esq. Fig. 3. — Argent^ a cross humetUe^ between four round buckles^ tongues erect gules : Childers of Cantley, co. York — John Wal- banke Childers, Esq. Fig. 4. — Ermine., a cross-crosslet sable : Durrant of Scottow, CO. Norfolk — Sir Henry Josias Durant, fourth Baronet. Fig. 6. — Sable, a cross pattee argent, were the arms of the Beconsawe family. Fig. 7. — Sable, a cross patUe-fitchee or, are the arms of the family of Collier of Staffordshire and Yorkshire. Fig. 8. — Azure, a cross moline or : the Molyneux family — Earls of Sefton, etc. Azure, a cross moline argent : the Ben- tinck family — ^Dukes of Portland. Fig. 9. — Gides, a cross patoncee argent : Brandling of Gos- forth, Northumberland. Fig. 10. — Argent, a cross potent between four crosslets or, were the Mediaeval arms of Jerusalem as a Christian kingdom. Fig. 11. — Argent, a cross raguly gules : Lawrence of Seven- hampton, co. Gloucester. Baron Sandys of The Vine, co. Hants., bore Argent, a cross ragidy sable. Fig. 13. — Or, a cross flory sable : arms of Lamplugh of Lamplugh, Cumberland — John Lamplugh Raper Lamplugh, Esq. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 23 Fig. 14. — GrideSj a cross engrailed argent., in the first quarter a lozenge of the second : arms of Lord Leigh of Stoneleigli, co. Warwick — William Henry Leigh, second Baron Leigh. Fig. 15. — Argent, a cross sable quarter pierced, were the arms of the celebrated Abbey of Walsingham, co. Norfolk. Fig. 17. — Quarterlg sable and argent, a cross counter-quar- tered of the field : the arms of the family of Loraine of Kirk- Harle, Northumberland — its present representative, Sir Lamb- ton Loraine, eleventh Baronet. Fig. 18. — The Maltese Cross : this Cross gules upon an argent field, was borne by the Knights Templars. Fig. 19. — Argent, a cross fimbriated gules, were the arms of Leeds Priory, Kent. Plate VII. In this plate the examples are duly Blazoned in colors, and it must be looked upon as a sort of key to the readings of the subsequent plates. Fig. 1. — Quarterly argent and gules, in the second and third quarters, a fret or, over all a bend sable charged luith three escal- lops of the first : the arms of the ancient family of Spencer of Althorpe, co. Northamptonshire — the Right Hon. John Poynts Spencer, fifth Earl Spencer. Fig. 2. — Or, a lion rampant gules, armed and langued azure : Leigh of West Hall in High Leigh, co. Cheshire — Egerton Leigh, Esq. Fig. 3. — Quarterly argent and gides, four crosses patee counter- changed : Chetwode of Chetwood, co. Bucks. — Sir John Newdi- gate Ludford Chetwode, fifth Baronet. Fig. 4. — Vert, on a cross argent five torteauxes : Grenville of Wotton under Barnwood, co. Bucks. — Richard Plantagenet Campbell Temple Nugent Brydges Chandos Grenville, third Duke of Buckingham. Fig. 5. — Per chevron argent and gides, a crescent counter- changed: Chapman of Killua Castle, co. Westmeath — Sir Ben- jamin James Chapman, fourth Baronet. In this example, we have given the badge or distinctive mark which appears upon the armorial shield of all those who are 24 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. Baronets of the United Kingdom. It is commonly called the Ulster Badge : On an inescutcheon argent^ a sinister hand couped at the wrist ^ extended in pale gides. Fig. 6. — FrmineSy on a cross quarter-pierced argent.^ four fers- de moline sable : Turner of Stoke Rochford, co. Lincoln — Chris- topher Turner, Esq. ; and the Earls of Winterton — Edward Tumour, fourth Earl. Fig. 7. — Or, a bend vair cotised sable : Bowyer, of Denham, CO. Bucks., and of Badley, co. Berks. — Sir George Bowyer, M.P., seventh Baronet. Fig. 8. — Azure.) two bars dancettee or., a chief argent : Stonor of Stonor, co. Oxford — Thomas Stonor, third Baron Camoys. (The first Baron Camoys commanded the left wing of the English Army at the celebrated Battle of Agincourt.) Fig. 9. — Grides.) on a bend engrailed argent.) between two cinquefoils or^ three leopards^ faces vert : Aldersey of Aldersey, CO. Cheshire — Thomas Aldersey, Esq. Fig. 10. — GruleS) three roses argent^ barbed vert^ a chief vair : the family of Taylor of Bifrons, co. Kent — Herbert Edward Taylor, Esq. Fig. 11. — Argent) two chevrons azurC) within a border en- grailed gules : Tyrell of Boreham ; co. Essex — Sir John Tyssen Tyrell, second Baronet. Fig. 12. — Per pale gules and azure) on a fess undee argent) between three garbs or) three billets of the second : Drinkwater of Salford, co. Lancaster — Thomas Drinkwater, Esq. Plate VIU. Fig. 1. — Sable ) a chevron ) between three shackbolts argent : the arms of the Anderton family of Euxton, co. Lancaster — William Michael Ince Anderton, Esq. Fig. 2. — Sabk) a fess engrailed between three luhelk-shells Or : Sir John Yilliers Shelly, M.P., of Maresfield Park, co. Bucks., seventh Baronet. This family was seated for many centuries at Michelgrove, co. Surrey. The Shellys of Castle Goring, and the Shellys of Avington, co. Hants., are younger branches of this family. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 25 Fig, 3. — Sable, a chevron between three battle-axes argent : Congreve of Congreve, co. Stafford — William Walter Congreve, Esq., of Burton Hall, co. Cheshire ; and Sir William Augustus Congreve of Walton, co. Stafford, third Baronet. ' Fig. 4. — G-ules, a chevron engrailed ermine betiveen three an- tique crowns or: the Grants of Kilgraston, co. Perth — John Grant, Esq. Fig. 5. — Argent, three caltraps sable : the family of Trappes of Nidd, CO. York. Fig. 6. — Sable, a chevron ermine betiveen three cronels argent : the Wisemans of Canfield Hall, co. Essex — Sir William Salton- stall Wiseman, eighth Baronet. Fig. 7. — Azure, a maunche ermine, over all a bend gules : the Nortons of Grantley, co. York — Fletcher Norton, third Baron Grantley. Fig. 8. — Or, a fess cheeky argent and sable between three water bougets of the third — the Bosses of Craigie and Inver- nethe. Fig. 9. — Lozengy or and azure, on a jpale gules three estoiles of the first: Antrohus of Antrobus, co. Cheshire — Sir Edmund William Romer Antrobus, second Baronet. Fig. 10. — Argent, three Katherine wheels sable, within a border engrailed gides : Scott of Betton, Shropshire — George Jonathan Scott, Esq. Fig. 11. — Azure, three bird bolts or: Boulton of Moulton, CO. Lincoln — the Rev. Anthony Boulton. Fig. 12. — Gyronny of eight or and sable, within a border gules charged with eight escallops of the first, and a canton also gyronny of eight ermine and gides — Campbell of Barquharrie in Ayrshire — Hugh Bruce Campbell, Esq. Plate IX. Fig. 1. — Gides, a chevron ermine between three dolphins em- bowed argent : the arms of the families of Blennerhasset from Blennerhasset, co. Cumberland. The Blennerhassets settled in Ireland during the reign of Elizabeth, and have since that period maintained the highest rank among the gentry of the 26 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. county of Kerry. The two principal branches of this family are — the Blennerhassets of Ballyseedy, Arthur Blennerhasset, Esq., and those of Blennervile, co. Kilkenny — Sir Rowland Blennerhasset, fourth Baronet. Fig. 2. — Sable ^ a chevron between three leopards^ heads or : Wentworth of Woolley, near Wakefield, co. York — Godfrey Wentworth, Esq. Fig. 3. — Argent^ a chevron gules between three boars^ heads erased azure : Ahercromhy of Birkenbog, co. Banff — Sir George Samuel Abercromby, sixth Baronet, and chief of the clan Aber- • cromby. Fig. 4. — Sable, three piles conjoined in base argent, on a chief gules a lion passant-guardant or : Halkett of Hall Hill, co. Fife — Charles H. C. T. Halkett, Esq. Fig. 5. — Per chevron engrailed gules and argent, three talbots^ heads counter-changed : Buncombe of Buncombe Park, co. York — William Buncombe, second Baron Feversham. Fig. 6. — Azure, a gryphon passant and a chief or : Evelyn of Wootton Park, Surrey — William John Evelyn, Esq., F.S.A. Fig. 7. — Sable, three leopards^ faces jessant-de-lis or : Gurdon of Letton, co. Norfolk — Brampton Gurdon, Esq. Fig. 8. — Azure, a bulVs head cabossed argent : Coppinger of Ballyvolane, co. Cork — William Coppinger, Esq. Fig. 9. — Argent, a gryphon segreant gules: Trafford of Trafford, co. Lancaster — Sir Humphrey de Trafford, second Baronet. Fig. 10. — Argent, a talbot passant gules: Wolseley of Wol- seley, co. Stafford — Sir Charles Michael Wolseley, eighth Baronet. Fig. 11. — G-ules, an inescutcheon within an orle of martlets argent : Chadwick of Healey, co. Lancaster, and of Mavesyn Ridware, co. Stafford — John de Heley Mavesyn Chadwick, Esq. Fig. 12. — Per pale or and argent, a wyvern vert : Wilkins of Clifton, CO. Gloucester. This family resumed in 1839 their ancient surname of Be Winton — Walter Thompson de Winton, Esq. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 27 Plate X. Fig. 1. — Sable ^ a bend or., between six fountains 'pro'per : the arms of the Stourtons of Allerton, co. York. This ancient family was seated at Stourton, in the county of Wilts, soon after the Conquest. “ The name of the Stourton be very aunciente yn those partes,” writes Leland in his “ Itinerary.” “ The river of Stoure risith there of six fountaines or springes, whereof three be on the north side of the Parke harde within the pale : the other three be north also, but without the Parke ; the Lord Stourton gyveth these six Fountaynes yn his arms.” — Charles Stourton, eighteenth Baron Stourton. Fig. 2. — Azure., a chevron between three eagles^ heads erased or — Aubrey of Llantrithyd, co. Glamorgan. Fig. 3. — Argent^ on a bend gules cotised sable, three jiair of ivings conjoined in lure of the field : Wingfield of Tickencote, CO. Rutland, formerly of Wingfield, co. Suffolk — John Muxloe Wingfield, Esq. Fig. 4. — Barry nebulee of six or and sable : the Blounts of Sodington, co. Worcester — Sir Edward Blount, eighth Baronet. The Blounts of Maple-Durham, co. Oxford, are a junior branch of the same family, and consequently use the same arms. — Michael Charles Blount, Esq. Fig. 5. — Or, three bendlets enhanced gules : Grylls of Helston, Cornwall — the Rev. Richard Gerveys Grylls. Fig. 6. — Gides, two bars-gemelles between three escallops argent : Rigge of Woodbroughton House, co. Lancaster — John Gray Rigge, Esq. Fig. 7. — Or, a raven proper : Corbet of Moreton Corbet — Sir Vincent Rowland Corbet, third Baronet. The Corbets of Elsham, co. Lincoln, and of Darnhall, co. Chester, are a younger branch of the same family — Thomas George Corbet, Esq. Fig. 8. — Azure, four mascles in cross or : Miller of Radway, CO. Warwick — Fiennes Sanderson Miller, Esq. Fig. 9. — Ermine, an eagle displatjed gules armed or: Beding- field of Oxburgh, co. Norfolk, formerly of Bedingfield, co. Suf- folk, seated there soon after the Conquest — Sir Henry George Paston-Bedingfield, seventh Baronet. Vert, an eagle displayed 28 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. argent, armed and langued gides : the arms of Biddulph of Birdingbury, co. Warwick — Sir Theophilus William Biddulph, seventh Baronet. The Biddulphs of Ledbury, co. Hereford, are a younger branch of the same family. Fig. 10. — Azure, on a fess between three ostrich feathers argent, as many martlets sable : Tufnel of Langleys, co. Essex — John Jolliffe Tufnel, Esq. Fig '. 11. — Ermine, three pomeis, each charged with a cross or : the arms of the Heathcote family — Sir John Gilbert Heathcote, first Baron Aveland, co. Lincoln, and Sir William Heathcote, fifth Baronet of Hursley Park, co. Hants, M.P., for the Uni- versity of Oxford. Fig. 12. — Argent, a fess gides between three popinjays vert, collared of the second : Lumley of Lumley Castle, co. Durham — Richard George Lumley, ninth Earl of Scarborough. Plate XI. Fig. 1. — Argent, on a bend engrailed sable between two acorns slipped vert, three fleur-de-lis or: the arms of the family of Wall of Salhouse, co. Norfolk. 2. — Or, tivo chevrons between three trefoils slipped sable : Abdy of Felix Hall, co. Essex — Sir William Abdy, seventh Baronet. 3. — Sable, three walnut leaves or, between two bendlets • argent: Waller of Braywick Lodge, co. Berks. — Sir Thomas Wathen Waller, second Baronet; and the Wallers of Far- mington, CO. Gloucester — Harry Edmund Waller, Esq. p'ig^ 4. — Azure, three quatrefoils argent : the Vincent family, formerly of Stoke D’Abernon, co. Surrey, now of Debden Hall, CO. Essex — Sir Francis Vincent, tenth Baronet. p'ig^ 5, — Vert, a fleur-de-lis argent : the family of Fowke of Lowesby, co. Leicester — Sir Frederick Thomas Fowke, second Baronet. The arms of the Portman family. Or, a fleur-de-lis azure — Edward Berkley Portman, Baron Portman ; and Azure, a fleur-de-lis argent : Digby, an ancient Leicestershire family — Edward St. Vincent Digby, ninth Baron Digby of Geas- hill. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 29 Fig. 6. — Argent j three holly leaves proper ; Irwin of Tanrago, CO. Sligo — John Lewis Irwin, Esq. Fig. 7. — Argent^ three chevronels interlaced in the base point of the escutcheon sable^ on a chief of the second three mullets of the first: Danby of Swinton, co. York — William Danby, Esq., Park House, Exeter. Fig. 8 . — Lozengy gules and argent, on a chief or, three cinque- foils azure : Bagge of Stradsett, cb. Norfolk — William Bagge, Esq. Fig. 9. — Argent, three lozenge-shaped arming buckles gules, tongues f ess-ways : Jerningham of Cossey, co. Norfolk — Henry Valentine St afford- Jerningham, third Baron Stafford. Fig. 10. — Argent, a chevron gules between three cross cross- lets fitchee sable, all within a double tressure fiory counter-fiory of the second: arms of the Kennedy family — Archibald Kennedy, second Marquis of Ailsa. Fig. 11. — Or, five fusils in fess azure — Pennington of Pen- nington, CO. Lancaster — Sir Gamel Augustus Pennington, fourth Baron Mmicaster. Azure, five fusils in fess or, are the arms of the celebrated family of Percy, and are quartered by the Dukes of Northumberland and the Earls of Beverly. Fig. 12. — Per pale azure and purpure, a cross engrailed or, between four roses argent: Burton (called Denison) of Grim- stone, CO. York — William Henry Forester Denison, second Baron Londesborough ; and Burton of Pollacton, co. Carlow — Sir Charles William Cuffe Burton, fifth Baronet. Plate XII. Fig. 1. — Azure, a fess dancetUe ermine between six cross crosslets argent : the arms of the family of Barnardiston of the Ryes, CO. Suffolk — Nathaniel Clarke Barnardiston, Esq. Fig, 2. — Or, three piles gules issuing from a chief sable charged with as many escallops of the first : Graeme of Garvock, CO. Perth — James Graeme, Esq. Fig. 3. — Azure, a fess nebulee between three crescents ermine : Weld of Lulworth Castle, co. Dorset — Edward Joseph Weld, Esq. Fig, 4. — Quarterly, 1 and 4, Barry of eight argent and c j 30 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. gules ^ a cross patonce sable, for Gower ; 2 and 3, Azure, three laurel leaves or, for Leveson. The arms of the Gower family of Stittenham, co. York — Sir George Granville William Sutherland Leveson Gower, third Duke of Sutherland. Fig. 5. — Azure, a fess between three chess-roohs or : Boden- ham of Rotherwas, co. Hereford — Charles Thomas Bodenham, Esq. Our example, in this instance, refers to this gentle- man’s only sister, Eliza Mary Bodenham, Canoness of the Order of St. Anne of Bavaria. Fig. 6. — Quartering, 1 and 4, Grules, a chevron between three mullets of six points or, for Danvers ; 2 and 3, Argent, three covered cups in bend between two bendlets engrailed sable, for Butler. The arms of Butler-Danvers of Swithland, co. Leicester — George John Danvers Butler-Danvers, fifth Earl of Lanesborough. Fig. 7. — Argent., a fess and in chief three mullets sable, a crescent gides, for difference, for Townley ; Impaling ; — Vair, a chief or, for Tichborne of Tichborne, co. Hants — ^Charles Townley of Townley, co. Lancaster, Esq. Sir Alfred Joseph Doughty-Tichborne, eleventh Baronet. The armorial shield of John Townley, Esq. (second son of the late Peregrine Townley of Townley, Esq.,) who married Lucy Helen, fourth surviving daughter of the late Sir Henry Joseph Tichborne, eighth Baronet of Tichborne. Fig. 8. — G-ules, a fess within a border engrailed ermine : Acton of Wolverton, co. Worcester — William Joseph Acton, Esq. ; Impaling; — Barry of eight ermine and azure, over all three annulets or : Harries of Cruckton, co. Shropshire. This example illustrates the manner in which a widow lady is entitled to dis- play her arms with those of her late husband. Fig. 9. — G-ules, a bend or, between two escallops argent : Petre of Writtle, co. Essex; Impaling; — Chechy or and azure, a fess gides : the illustrious family of Clifford of Ugbrooke, co. Devon — Charles Hugh Clifford, eighth Baron Clifford of Chud- leigh. The armorial shield of William Bernard Petre, the twelfth and present Baron Petre, who married Maria Teresa, daughter of the Hon. Charles Thomas Clifford of Irnham, co. Lincoln. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 31 Fig. 10. — Ermine^ two chevrons azure : Bagot of Bagot’s Bromley, co. Stafford — Sir William Bagot, third Baron Bagot. Fig. 11. — Per fess azure and or^ a pale counter-changed^ three huchs^ heads erased of the second : Boper of Linstead, co. Kent — George Henry Boper Curzon, sixteenth Baron Teynham. Fig. 12. — Argent^ two lends engrailed sable^ a label of three points gules : Badclyffe of Foxdenton, co. Lancaster — Bobert Badclyffe, Esq. prolalling. The term Marshalling is used to denote the manner and order in which various Coats of Arms are arranged upon one Shield. Arms are Marshalled in two ways, viz., by Impaling, and by Quartering. Impaling is the halving of a Shield, by a perpendicular line, from chief to base : or, heraldically speaking. Per pale. This term applies to the method of bearing the wife’s arms. The husband’s arms are always placed upon the Dexter half, and the wife’s upon the Sinister half of the Shield. Illustrations of Impalement occur in Plate XH., viz., fig. 7 — Townley im- paling the arms of Tichborne ; and Fig. 9 — Petre impaling Clifford. In Impaling, both coats are given entire, except when there happens to be a border, orle, or tressure, round one or both of them. In such cases, the portion of the border, orle, or tres- sure, is omitted where the two coats unite. — See Plate XHI., fig. 8 — the arms of Acton impaling those of Harries. When a wife is an heiress or co-heiress, her husband, instead of impaling, bears her arms on a smaller Shield in the centre of his own, called an escutcheon of pretence. No husband, impaling his wife’s arms with his own, can sur- round the Shield with the Garter, or the insignia of any other Order. “ Some writers maintain that, if a man has had two wives, he may impale the arms of both on the Sinister side : those of his first wife in Chief, and those of the second in Base ; others assert, that he may place his own coat in Pale,* and those of his c2 32 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. two wives on the Dexter and Sinister side : but these positions are quite untenable. The intent of impaling is to show that the bearer is married to a lady of a particular family; hut when, by her death, the alliance is at an end, he ceases to use the ensigns of her family. Some instances occur of a widower continuing to impale the arms of his deceased wife from a regard to her memory ; but this practice accords not with the laws of Heraldry.” As regards a widow, whilst she remains such, she is only entitled to bear the arms of her deceased husband impaled with her own upon a lozenge. — Vide Plate XII., fig. 8. If she marries a second time, she ceases to use the arms of her first husband. If a peeress (either in her own right, or that of a deceased husband) , or the daughter of a peer, marries an untitled gentle- man, or one of inferior title, her coat of arms are placed upon a Shield separately, on the Sinister side of her husband’s. Archbishops and Bishops impale their own paternal coat with the arms of their Sees : the former being always placed upon the Sinister half of the Shield, and the latter upon the Dexter side. — See Plate I. The arms of Dr. Richard Fox, as Bishop of Winchester. Quartering is the arrangement of any number of coats upon one Shield. The Quarterings are to be counted horizontally, beginning at the Dexter chief. The first quarter, in all cases, contains the paternal or family coat, and the same is repeated in the last quarter, if there is room. No coats are Quartered in a family escutcheon, except those “ brought in,” as it is termed, by a match with an heiress or co-heiress. The object of Quartering arms is to exhibit the descent of one family from the heiress or co-heiress of other families. Thus, the children of an heiress or co-heiress, at her death, are entitled to quarter, with their paternal coat, her arms, and all the arms to which she may have been entitled by descent. In Marshalling Quar- terings, the first quarter or division following the paternal coat is that of the earliest heiress, and then succeed any Quarterings her descent may bring in ; with the second heiress the same rule is followed, and so on, in chronological rotation, with every heiress from whom the bearer may derive. GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 33 If only two coats are quartered upon one Shield, it is said to be “ Quarterly.” The paternal coat occupies the first and fourth quarters, and the second and third quarters are occupied by the second coat. The same term is applied when three coats are quartered upon one Shield : the paternal coat is placed as before mentioned, the second coat in the second quarter, and the third coat in the third quarter. If four coats are quartered, the same phrase is employed, and the paternal coat is given only in the first quarter. Examples of quartered Shields occur in Plate XII. Fig, 4. — Quarterly: Gower and Leveson. Sir Thomas Gower, second Baronet of Stittenham, co. York, married Frances, daughter and co-heiress of Sir John Leveson, Knight, of Haling, in Kent, and of Lilleshul, in Shropshire. His second son. Sir William Leveson Gower, fourth Baronet, by the adop- tion of his uncle. Sir Richard Leveson of Trentham, in Stafford- shire, inherited that gentleman’s extensive estates. In con- sideration of which, the Gower family henceforth used the arms of Leveson, quarterly with their own paternal coat. Fig, 6 . — Quarterly ; Danvers and Butler. The Hon. Augustus Butler (second son of Brinsley Butler, the second Earl of Lanesborough) married, in 1792, Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Sir John Danvers, Baronet, upon which occasion he assumed the additional surname and arms of Danvers. Fig, 1, Plate XIH., represents a quartered Shield or com- plete achievement of the Uvedale family, the ancient Lords of the Manor of Wickham, co. Hants.* We will proceed to Blazon these quarters seriatim^ and explain how they were brought in : — 1. — Argent, a cross moline gules : the arms of the Uvedale family. 2. — Barry of ten argent and gules, on a canton azure, a cross crosslet or: the arms of the Etton family — Sir John de Uvedale, Knight (who died on 7th of March, 1322), married* Isabella, sole daughter and heiress of Gilbert de Etton, by Alice his * This example is copied from an incised slab in Winchester Cathedral, dated A.D. 1664. 34 GUIDE TO HERALDRY wife, daughter and co-heiress of John de Tichesey of Tichesey, Surrey. 3. — Gules, a fret counter vair : the arms of Tichesey of Tiche- sey, otherwise Titsey, co. Surrey. These arms were brought in by the last mentioned marriage. Isabella de Etton was heiress on her mother’s side as well, her father having married one of the co-heirs of the Tichesey family, as above mentioned. 4. — Azure, two chevrons and a quarter or : the arms of the Rees family. This coat indicates the marriage of Sir Thomas de Uvedale, Knight (son of the before mentioned Sir John de Uvedale and Isabella his wife), with the heiress of this family. 5. — Azure, a fret or : the arms of the Scures family. Lords of the Manors of Nately Scures, and of Wickham, co. Hants. John de Uvedale, Esq. (son and heir of Sir Thomas de Uvedale), married Sibilla, only daughter and heiress of Sir John de Scures, Knight. 6. — Or, a pJieon azure : the arms of the Sydney family. Sir William Uvedale, Knight (the great-grandson of the last named John de Uvedale, Esq.,) married Agnes, daughter and co-heir of William Sydney, Esq. 7. — Barry of eight azure and argent, three trefoils counter - cha7iged, on a chief or, three lions'’ heads erased gules : the arms of Troyes. Sir William Uvedale, Knight (son and heir of the last named Sir William Uvedale), married Dorothy, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Troyes, Esq. 8. — This, the last quarter, is occupied (as is generally the case) by the paternal coat, as in the first quarter : Argent, a cross moline gules, for Uvedale. Fig. 2, Plate XHI., presents an example of an impaled quartered Shield. The arms of Sir George Paulet, Knight, second son of Sir John Paulet of Basing, and brother to William Paulet, the first Marquis of Winchester, impaling those of his second wife, Barbara, daughter of Sir John Hampden of Hampden, co. Bucks., Knight. * This Shield is copied from the Monument of Sir George Paulet, in Crondal Church, as affording a good example of an impaled quartered Shield. Sir George Paulet died in 1558, and Dame Barbara Paulet, his second wife, died in 1552. GUIDE TO HEKALDRY. 35 Paidet^ ivith eight quarterings^ viz. : — 1. — The arms of Paulet : Sahle, three swords in pile^ their points towards the hase^ argent^ the pommels and hilts or^ and a cre- scent of the second^ for difference — Sir George being a second son. 2. — GtdeSj three water hougets argent: lloos of Gednej, co. Notts. This coat was brought in bj the marriage of Sir John Paulet of Paulet, co. Somerset, with Eleanor, daughter and co- heir of Sir Robert Roos. 3. — Barry of six or and vert^ a hendlet gules, a crescent of the last, for difference — Poynings. This indicates the marriage of another Sir John Paulet, Knight, with Constance, second daughter and one of the co-heirs of Hugh, the only son of Sir Thomas Poynings, Knight, Baron St. John of Basing. 4. — Or, on a chief gules, three mullets pierced argent : St. John, Barons St. John of Basing. This coat was brought in also by the same marriage. Sir Luke de Poynings (the grandfather of Hugh) having married Isabella, daughter of Hugh de St. John, Baron St. John of Basing, sister and co-heir of Edmund, Lord de St. John. This lady was the mother of Sir Thomas Poynings, Baron St. J ohn of Basing. 5. — (jTides, two lions passant guardant argent : Delamare of Hampshire. 6. — Barry of six ermine and gules: Hussey, an ancient Baronial family, whose chief seat was at Harting, co. Surrey. These two quarterings were, in all probability, brought in by the St. John family. 7. — Azure, a fess between three jleur-de-lis argent : Skelton. 8. — Argent, a fret sable, and a canton of second : Ireby. 9. — Argent, six martlets (three, two, and one) sable : Dela- mere. These coats are said to have been brought by the Roos match. Impaling Quarterly : — 1. — Or, a saltire gules between four eagles displayed azure : Hampden of Hampden, co. Bucks. The paternal coat of Bar- bara, daughter of Sir John Hampden, Knight, as before men- tioned. 2. — Or, a pheon azure : Sidney. This quarter was brought 3G GUIDE TO HEKALDRY. in by the marriage of John Hampden, Esq., with Elizabeth, daughter and co-heir of William Sydney, Esq. 3. — Argent^ on a chief gules^ two bucks’ heads cahossed or ; Popham of Popham, co. Hants. This coat was brought in by Thomas Hampden, Esq., marrying Margery, eldest daughter and one of the co-heirs of Sir Stephen Popham, Knight. 4. — Sahle^ six lions ramjmnt or : St. Martin, of West Dean, CO. Wilts. This quarter was brought in by the previous mar- riage, Sir John Popham of Popham, Knight (grandfather to Sir Stephen) having married Sibilla, eldest daughter and co- heir of Sir Laurence de St. Martin, Knight. iiftti'iral ©raanwttts of The Helm or Helmet is generally placed on the top of the Shield in the centre. During the 14th and 15 th centuries it was not unusual to place it as resting upon the Sinister corner of the Escutcheon, with the Shield in a slanting position. In modern Heraldry four kinds of Helmets are employed, with the intention of indicating the rank or position of the bearer. 1. — The Helmet assigned to the King and Princes of the Blood-Royal is of gold, and is borne full-faced, the front pro- tected by six vertical bars, and the inside is lined with crimon. —See Eig. 17., Plate XIY. 2. — The Helmet of the Mobility is of silver, figured with gold. It is placed on the Shield inclining to profile, and has five bars of gold instead of six. 3. — The Helmet of Baronets and Knights is of steel, edged or ornamented with gold. It is placed full-faced with the visor thrown back and without bars, and is lined with crimson. — See Fig. 18., Plate XIV. 4. — The Helmet of Esquires and Gentlemen is also of steel, edged or ornamented with gold. It is always placed in profile, with the visor closed. — See Fig. 19, Plate XIV. The Lambrequin, or Mantling, as it is now generally called, is the covering or hood placed upon the Helmet to pre- GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 37 vent the sun’s rays falling on its polished surface. Its shape is most capricious ; jagged and cut through by the sword in battle, it afforded certain evidence of prowess. The Mantling is generally so adjusted as to form a back-ground to the* Shield and its accessories. It is composed of two pieces of cloth, of the prin- cipal tincture and principal metal in the coat of arms. The only exception to this rule is the Royal Lambrequin, which is of cloth of gold and ermine. Examples of Mantlings occur in Plates XV. and XVI. On the Helmet, resting upon a portion of the Lambrequin, is placed the Wreath. The Wreath is composed of two cords, or rolls of silk twisted together, one tinctured of the principal metal, and the other of the principal color in the arms. In depicting the Wreath, six of these coils are always shown, the first must be of the metal, and then color and metal alternately, ending with color. Sometimes, instead of the Wreath, a sort of cap is employed, termed a Chapeau, or Cap of Maintenance ; which is generally of crimson velvet turned up with ermine. — See Fig. 16, Plate XIV., and Fig. 1, Plate XVI ; and, in other instances, what is termed a Ducal Crown or Crest Coronet. — See Fig. 12, Plate XIV. The Wreath is used to support the Crest, and, in ancient times, fastened it to the Helmet. The Crest is a figure, or device, surmounting the Helm which served to distinguish the combatants in the battle or tournament. The Crest is the most important of these acces- sories, and is often seen by itself quite independent of the armo- rial Shield, and unaccompanied by the Helmet; but, in all cases, it rests either on a Wreath, or Cap of Maintenance, or rises from a Ducal or some other description of Crown. Many old families have never borne a Crest. Ladies, the Queen excepted, are not under any circumstances entitled to use them. Supporters are figures placed on each side of the Shield, and appear, as the term implies, to support or hold it up. In England, the right to bear Supporters is confined to the Peers of the Realm, Knights of the Garter and Bath, and to those who may have obtained them by a Royal Grant. There are, 38 GUIDE TO HEUALDRY. however, a few ancient and unennobled families who are entitled to the use of Supporters by ancestral right, which is esteemed to be far more honorable than any modern grant of Supporters. Among these families may be named the Tichbornes of Tich- borne, co. Hants. Their Supporters are Two lions guardant gules ^ armed and langued azure. No other family can trace back their Supporters to so early a date as the Tichbornes, viz., to the early part of the 14th century. Richard H. was the first English King who used Supporters. His Supporters were two angels. Edward IV. was the first who employed a lion, which he assumed owing to its being one of the Supporters of the Earldom of March, possessed by that king. King James I. introduced the unicorn, until whose reign the royal Supporters were ever varying. The Motto, or cri de guerre^ is generally placed underneath the Shield, inscribed upon a scroll or riband. Mottoes are not necessarily hereditary, like the Arms, Crests, and Supporters. tote anil CmmIs. The armorial Shields of Sovereigns are surmounted by a Crown, and those of the Princes of the Blood-Royal by Royal Coronets varying in such a manner as at once to betoken the rank of the bearer. The Peers of the Realm, as well as the Relicts of deceased Peers, and those who are Peeresses in their own right, have their Shields surmounted by Coronets, indica- tive of their rank in the Peerage. The Crown of Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen is a circle of gold (within which is a crimson velvet cap lined with tafieta and bordered with ermine) studded with diamonds, pearls, and precious stones. It has four crosses pattee, and as many fleur-de-lis set alternately, adorned with precious gems ; from behind the crosses spring four arches of entwined leaves and thistles, delicately chased in gold, carrying at their inter- section a jewelled mound with cross bands ornamented with pearls, surmounted by a cross pattee enriched with jewels. — - See Plate XIV., Fig. 1. GUIDE TO HERALDRY, 39 The Coronet of His Royal Highness the late Prince Consort differed from the Royal Crown in having eight, in- stead of four arches, and each of the arches has a strawberry leaf at its base. — See Fig, 2. The Coronet of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales has only two arches, and its jewelled circlet heightened with four crosses pattee and four fleur-de-lis. — Fig, 3. The Coronets of the other Princes, Sons of the Queen, have a circlet heightened with four crosses pattee and four fleur-de-lis. The crimson cap is turned up with ermine, and at the top is a golden tassel. — Fig, 4. The Coronets of the Princesses, the Daughters of the Queen, differ from those of their Royal Brothers, in the circlet being heightened by only two crosses pattee, and as many strawberry leaves, with four fleur-de-lis. — Fig, 5. The Coronets of the Royal Cousins of the Queen have the circlet heightened with four crosses pattee, and as many strawberry leaves, with no other addition. — Fig. 6. A Duke’s Coronet consists of a circlet and cap as before, with eight strawberry leaves instead of the crosses and fleur- de-lis. — Fig, 1, The Coronet of a Marquis differs from that of a Duke in having four pearls (in reality silver balls) placed alternately with strawberry leaves. — Fig, 8. The Earl’s Coronet consists of a cap and jewelled circlet, as before, heightened with eight lofty rays, on the tops of which are as many pearls, or silver balls, and between each ray at the base a strawberry leaf. — Fig, 9. The Viscount’s Coronet has a row of fifteen pearls, or silver balls, set close upon the rim of the golden and jewelled circlet. Some authorities give twelve pearls as the proper number, whilst others assert the number to be unlimited. — Fig, 10. The Baron’s Coronet differs from the Viscount’s in having only six pearls : these are of larger size, and not placed so close together. — Fig, 11. The Mitre occupies the place of the Coronet, Helmet, and Crest, in a Bishop’s Achievement. The Archbishop’s Mitre is 40 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. made to issue from a Ducal Coronet, but this is a modem inno- vation, as, in reality, there is no distinction between the Epi- scopal and Archiepiscopal Mitre. We have given a correct example of the Mitre in Plate I. The usually depicted Mitres are nothing less than gross caricatures, and are altogether unreal. A Ducal Crown, or Crest Coronet, is a circlet of gold with four strawberry leaves. This Crown must not be con- founded with the Ducal Coronet. It is frequently used to support the Crest instead of the Wreath, and sometimes it is used as a decoration round the neck of animals used as Crests or Supporters. — Fig, 12., and Plate XVI., Fig. 2. A Mural Crown : this is one of the varieties of Crowns used in Heraldry, sometimes as a Charge, or Crest, and occa- sionally instead of the Wreath as supporting the Crest. It is a circlet of gold embattled and marked in imitation of masonry, and is generally symbolical of military success in sieges. — Fig. 13. The Naval Crown is another variety. It is formed by the sterns and sails of ships set alternately upon a golden circle. — Fig. 14. The Crown Vallary is formed of small stakes or palissades placed upon a golden circlet, and refers to the capturing of entrenched camps. — Fig. 15. The Radiated or Eastern Crown, called also an Antique Crown, occurs in Heraldry both as a Crest and Charge. — See Plate VHi:, Fig. 4. of Plates XV. and XVI. The first of these plates is coloured, and from both plates our readers will perceive what a great variety may be produced in the Mantlings. The examples in Plate XV. will also shew what an exquisite finish may be obtained in delineating Armorial Bearings. Plate XV., Fig. 1., is a specimen of the Mantling, and the GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 41 manner of representing the armorial Shield, etc., at the latter part of the 15 th century. The armorial insignia of the family of White, the ancient Lords of the manor of Aldershot, co. Hants : Per fess azure and argent^ a pale counter-changed upon the first three plates^ each charged with three bars tvavy vert^ on the second as many lion^ heads erased gides ; on a helm^ with its mantling and wreath^ The Crest, a lion^s head erased^ quarterly azure and argent gutU d'^or and de sang ; on a riband^ the motto y “In God is my trust.” Fig. 2 is an example belonging to the middle of the 16th century, with an impaled Shield. The arms of Sir George Throckmorton, Knight, of Coughton, in the county of Warwick, and of Dame Katherine, his wife, eldest daughter of Sir Nicholas Vaux, Knight, of Harrowden, in Northamptonshire: GrideSy on a chevron argent^ three bars gemelles sahle^ for Throck- morton ; Impaling, — Qhechy or and guleSy on a chevron azure three roses of the fir sty for Vaux; and the Crest of the Throckmorton family: A falcon volant proper y armed with bells jessant or. Plate XVI., Fig. 1. — The date of this example is the com- mencement of the 17 th century. It is the armorial Shield of the Compton family of Priors Dean, with Helm, Mantling, and Crest: Ermine y on a bend sable y three closed helmets or; above the Helm, surmounting the Shield, is the family Crest on a Wreath : On a chapeau pur pur ey turned-up ermine y a fleur-de- lis gules. Fig. 2 is of the latter end of the 17th century. The arms of Sir George Vernon, Knight, who died November 18, 1692 : Argenty a fret sable and a canton gules. Crest : a board’s head erased sabUy ducally gorged or. The arms and crest of the family of Vernon of Sudbury, co. Derby — George John Warren, fifth Baron Vernon. The coat of Vernons of Hilton Park, co. Stafford — Henry Charles Vernon, Esq. — is identically the same, omitting the canton. Our frontispiece is an emblazoned representation of the armorial insignia of the Founder of Corpus Christi College, 42 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. Oxford, and shows the manner in which a Bishop impales his paternal coat with the arms of his See, and surmounts the Shield with a Mitre. An impaled Escutcheon, bearing on the Dexter half : Grules^ two heys endorsed in lend sinister^ the up'permost argent^ and the other or, a sword interposed between them in lend of the second, pommel and hilt gold, being the arms of the See of Winchester, the charges represent the emblems of St. Peter and St. Paul, the early patrons of its Cathedral Church. On the Sinister half, the arms of Dr. Richard Fox, Azure, a pelican in her piety or, vulned proper, , The Shield itself is encircled by the Garter with its motto, “ Honi soit qui mal y pense,” the distinctive badge of the Bishops of Winchester, as prelates of that most illustrious Order. Above the Garter is placed the Episcopal Mitre, de- signated the Mitra preciosa, formed of silver laminae gilt, adorned with precious stones and clusters of pearls. On either side are the pendent infulee : these are attached to the rim at the back part of the Mitre, and are formed of cloth of gold studded with pearls and fringed at the ends. Mitres are always cleft from the top to the angle at the sides, and the back part corresponds with the front portion. Below, placed on a riband, is the Bishop’s motto, “ Est Deo Gratia.” GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 43 Iprattiral |nstetitrits. During the last few years the “Art of Illumination” has been to some extent revived, and several “ Manuals” have appeared explaining the Art.’^ Remarking that the same general principles apply in a great degree to Heraldic, as to other kinds of Illumination, we may state that Vellum is the finest and best material for our Art. The beautiful texture of the surface of Vellum not only bears up the colours, but its slightly yellowed tone enhances the vividness of their ap- pearance. Its high price, however, is an obstacle to its general use, and the great care required in working upon it renders it somewhat unsuitable for inexperienced persons. The next best material is the card-board known as “ London Board,” and preference should be given to that manufactured by Turnbull. The card of the most suitable thickness is that known by the term, three or four sheet. Bristol Board is not a suitable material. Whatman’s hot-pressed drawing-paper is well adapted for the purpose. The paper selected should be thick and firm, having a fine surface free from nap or hairs. The illuminating vellum papers, manufactured by Messrs. George Rowney and Co., deserve the preference, and are a great acquisition to the Rluminator. The paper or vellum should be stretched upon a small drawing-board. This is done by slightly damping with a clean wet sponge, the reverse surface of the vellum, or that side of the paper through which the maker’s name appears reversed ; the paper should then be turned on the board, the damp side being under; afterwards, while damp, the edges all round should be glued to the depth of about a quarter of an inch, and * The most useful of these Manuals is the one written by Messrs. W. and G. Audesley, and published by Messrs. George Rowney and Co. 44 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. then rubbed down with a paper-cutter, taking care that the paper adheres to the board. When dry it will be ready for use. If the illumination be small, the paper may be attached to the drawing-board by means of drawing-pins, and the same may be done with the “ London Board,” which does not re- quire stretching. Having determined on the size and shape of the Shield, sketch out the outline with a HH Cumberland lead pencil. Then draw the Helmet, placing it centrally on the top of the Shield, and then the Wreath, Crest, Mantling, or Lam- brequin. Do not use Indian-rubber more than is necessary, as it raises the surface of the paper or card, and destroys the glaze. Having completed your outline, trace it over with Indian ink, taking care not to have the ink too thin, but of a deep tint. The ink lines must not be too thick, or the ink will run into the color ; nor yet too light, or the color will spread over them. Draw the outlines of the Charges with great care ; and, to ensime uniformity where a Charge is repeated, re-draw it on tracing-paper, then place the tracing on that part of the Shield where the repetition or second figure is required ; place a letter- weight on the tracing-paper to prevent its moving, then in- troduce, between the tracing-paper and the drawing, a piece of prepared lead-paper; after which, pass an ivory tracing- point over the lines of the tracing of the figure, taking care not to press too hard on the point, or it will not be possible to remove the pencil mark ; nor yet too lightly, or there will be no mark at all. On removing the tracing and the black- lead paper, the outline of the figure will be found transferred on the drawing. It then only remains to go over the pencil marks with ink. In drawing a Shield with the following Charge, A chevron between three roundels^ or three roses ^ etc.^ two of these must be placed above the chevron, and one below, and the lower one must be a trifle larger than the other two. The same with all similar Charges. Care must be taken not to place the chevron too low down in the Shield. The angle should be sufficiently elevated. The same care must be taken with regard to drawing a fess : there should be more GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 45 space below than above, and the same with respect to the hori- zontal arm of a cross. In drawing a hend^ care should be taken that the intervening space above and below should be about equal in proportion, and a similar attention must be bestowed upon a saltire. The proportion of the Ordinaries and other bearings, with their appropriate positions, may be learned by a careful study of our examples. In drawing lions ram^ant^ care should be taken that the head be thrown well back, and that strength be given to the loins. The paws and claws should be well developed. All representa- tions of animals should be drawn in the usual Heraldic manner, and not according to the examples given in works on Natural History. In drawing mullets or estoiles it is best, in the first place, to describe a small circle with a bow-pencil, and draw the star or mullet inside the circle with its points touching the circumference. Knowing full well the difficulty of procuring the proper colors for Heraldic Illumination of the various tones required, and how absolutely necessary such colors are for ensuring success in the practice of this beautiful and fascinating art, Messrs. George Rowney & Co. have prepared, under our direction and super- intendence, a box of Heraldic tinctures, colors, etc., which will be found all that can be desired. As delicacy of touch is necessary to secure neatness, sable pencils should always be used in the coloring. The outline being completely inked in, the drawing or design is ready for coloring. All such portions as are to be in Or re- quire the first attention. Proceed, in the first place, to lay over these portions a smooth coat of the tincture marked as “ Substitute for Or.” When dry, the gold is to be laid on as in illumination ; avoid going over the entire surface, as a small portion should be left untouched by the gold, on the shadow side, which will be found to relieve and heighten the effect, as will be seen on referring to our examples in Plates IV., VII., XH., and XIH. We recommend the use of shell-gold, unless the design is somewhat large, when it would be preferable to employ the leaf-gold prepared for the use of Illuminators, but some experience is requisite to ensure success with this material. D 46 GUIDE TO HERALDRY. When the gold is quite dry, it can be burnished with an agate burnisher. Should the ground or “ Substitute for Or” present the least appearance of unevenness, pass the burnisher slightly over it before laying on the gold, as it is impossible to burnish the gold successfully unless it has been laid on a perfectly smooth surface. This being done, proceed to lay in the re- quired tinctures, one after the other, commencing with the pre- dominating one, and taking care to lay in all that is required of one tincture before proceeding with the next. Care must be taken to work with the color so thick as to be opaque, and not to have too much color in the brush, otherwise you will not secure the smooth and even surface so essential to the beauty of Heraldic Illumination. Always use the tincture marked as No. 1, and No. 2 of the same tincture for the shading of that particular tincture, which will give a solid and rich appearance to the drawing. The markings or shading upon the gold must be done with the tincture Gules No. 2,” by the aid of a fine sable pencil. Where it is desirable to increase the depth of the shadow, use a little gum water mixed with the color, or simply glaze with gum water alone. • The body color must be quite dry before the shading is commenced, and care must be taken not to retouch any part whilst the color previously used is wet. Mantlings are to be treated in the same manner, and, as we have already noticed, are always to be of the principal tincture, and principal metal or fur of the paternal coat. Care must be taken to give a brilliancy to the Mantlings by judicious shading, but this must not be too strong, or it will produce a heaviness in its appearance. The inside portion of Mantlings should be partly'^subdued' by our shadow colors, and the tones deepened in the under or shadow parts. As the beauty and success of Heraldic Illumination depends much upon the graceful appearance of the Mantling, Helm, etc., and as con- siderable experience is necessary for the successful drawing or designing of these ever varied enrichments to the Armorial Shield, we have prepared a series of outlines of various kinds of Mantlings, with the Helmet, Wreath, and blank Shield, of a suitable size for illumination, which have been successfully re- produced by Messrs. George Rowney k Co., and printed on GUIDE TO HERALDRY. 47 London Board, as well as on their Illuminating Vellum Paper. These outlines present blank Shields, which can be filled with any coat or coats of arms, and the Crest pertaining to them placed on the Helmet, and the Mantling can he colored in ac- cordance with the arms, etc. The outline of the wreath is not given upon all our Heraldic Outlines,” as in many instances the Crest is placed upon a chapeau, or rises from a coronet, etc. ; and it must be borne in mind, that when this is the case, the wreath is invariably omitted. In conclusion, it may be almost needless to add that practice will be necessary to ensure success in this Art : however, each successive example executed will not only encourage the be- ginner, but will ultimately enable him to overcome any little obstacles or shortcomings. We hope our ^readers will feel a desire and determination to become practically acquainted with Heraldry, and that they will scan closely every example that comes under their notice. We caution our readers to avoid in- different and inaccurately drawn specimens. The Heraldic woodcuts given in the Illustrated London as well as those in Burke’s Peerage and Barontage ” (though the small- ness of their size detracts much from their usefulness as copies) are generally accurate, and deserve study. For copies, we know of none that excel in accuracy and usefulness the illustra- tions given in the valuable and ^interesting volume, entitled “ The Nohle and Gientle Men of England f by Evelyn Philip Shirley, Esq., M.P. The Heraldic illustrations in The Journal of the Surrey Archceological Society’’^ are very spirited and beautifully drawn, and therefore'worthy of the attention of those who wish to become proficients in our Art. Some of our readers may, perchance, wish to know something more of Heraldry than it has been possible for us to impart within the compass of our little Manual, to such we would recommend a work of Mr. Planche’s, entitled The Pursuivant of Armsf published by R. Hardwicke, 193, Piccadilly. D 2 / I . ' » ( i rk.«r 1 < >- 1 ••t.' \ ! mE9 , ►'•'W ' 'iyjh OF THE ^rintipl jpEuins asili in JSltrnllirj, j^nli Wti'tsn.* Accosted — Side by side. Acorned — Bearing acorns. See Fructed. Addorsed — Back to back. Affrontee — Full-faced. 18. Alerion — A n eagle without beak or claws. Annulet — A ring. 13, 30. Argent — Silver or white. 4, 5. Armed — Is a term used when the beaks and claws of birds of prey, and the claws, horns, and hoofs of beasts, are of a different tincture from their bodies. 17. Attired — The horns of deer are said to be attired when of a different tincture to their bodies. 17. Augmentation — An addition to an existing coat of arms. Azure — Blue. 4, 5. Bar — A diminutive of the Fess. 7. Barbed — W hen the leaves appear at the back of a rose it is said to be barbed. 24, Fig. 10. Barnacles — An instrument used to curb horses. Barrulet — A diminutive of the Bar. 7. Barry — Is when the Field or a Charge is divided by horizontal lines. 10. Barruly — 10. Bars-Gemelles — 7 . Beaked — See Armed. 17, 18. * The figures refer to the pages of the Manual. 60 GLOSSAKY OF TERMS AND INDEX. Belled — When a falcon or hawk has hells attached to its legs it is said to be helled. 18. Bend — One of the Honorable Ordinaries. 8. Bendlet — A diminutive of the Bend. 8. Bend Sinister — One of the Honorable Ordinaries. 8. Bendy — 10. Bezant — A golden Koundel. 11. Billets — 9. Blazon — A description of a coat of arms in Heraldic terms. 15. Blazon — Rules of. 15. Birdbolt — A small arrow with a blunt head. 25, Fig. 11. Birds — 17. Boar’s Head — Plate VI., Fig. 16 ; 26, Fig. 3. Border — 8. Bottonee— A term applied to any Ordinary whose ends re- semble a trefoil. See Cross. 13, Fig 2. Buckles — 29, Fig. 9. Bull’s Head — Plate VI., Fig. 15, 26 ; Fig. 8. Cabossed — Full-faced. 17. Cadency — Marks of. 12. Caltrap, or Caltrop — An iron instrument, used in war, having four spikes or legs, so that when placed on the ground, one point would always remain up. 25, Fig. 5. Calvary-Cross — A Latin cross placed on three steps. Canton — 9. Cap of Maintenance— 37. Carbuncle — A Charge with eight sceptre-like rays. 11. This Charge probably owes its origin to a device made for strengthening the Shield. Castle — 18. Plate VI., Fig. 22. Cat-a-Mountain — A wild cat, which is always represented guardant. Catherine Wheel — A wheel with spikes on the outer edge. 25, Fig. 10. Cercellee, or Recercellee — See Cross. 14, Fig. 12. Chapeau — See Cap of Maintenance. Chaplet — A Wreath. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 51 Charged — W hen an Ordinary has figures placed on it, it is said to he Charged. Charges — B earings. 4. Checky — 9. Chess-rook — S ee Plate. 30, Fig. 5. Chevron — O ne of the Honorable Ordinaries. 8. Chevronel — A diminutive of the Chevron. 8. Chief — O ne of the Honorable Ordinaries. 7. Cinquefoil — A five-leaved flower. 24, Fig. 9. Clarion — 11, Fig. 20. Closed — W hen a bird has its wings close to its body. 17. Cock — 18. CoMBATTANT — Face to face. CoMPONY — A Checky of one row only. Conjoined — J oined together. Conjoined in Lure — W hen wings are used without the body of the bird, with the points downwards, ,they are said to be conjoined in lure. 27, Fig. 3. Coronets— 38, 39. CoTiSED — An Ordinary is said to be cotised when it has on each side a narrow Bar or Fillet, and its outline may be either straight, or of the form of any of the irregular lines used in Heraldry. 8. CoUCHANT — 16. Counter-changed — 6. 23, Fig. 5. 41. Counter Potent — 6. Counter Yair — 5. Couple-Close — A diminutive Chevronel, 8. CouPED — Cut off straight. 17. CouRANT — A term applied to a stag, or a greyhound, etc., running. Crescent — A half moon. Fig. 18, Plate H. ; 29, Fig. 3. Crested — T he tuft on a bird’s head. Crest Coronet — Vide Ducal Crown. 40. Crests — 37. 41. Crenellee — S ee Embattled. 6. Cri de Guerre — 38. Crined — W hen the hair of a human figure is of a different tincture to the body, it is said to be crined. 52 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. Cronel — The iron head of a tilting spear. 25, Fig. 6. Cross — 8. Fig. 7, 20. Crowns — 38. 40. Crusily — Covered with small Crosses. CuiSSE, A LA (at the thigh) — The arms of the family of Bray, of Shere, Co. Surrey, are : Argent^ a chevron between three eaglets legs sable erased a la cuisse, Dancettee — A term applied to a line in the form of the teeth of a saw larger than indented. See Partition Lines, page 6. De Bruised — When an Ordinary lies on any animal, or across a coat of arms, it is said to be debruised ; as in Fig. 7, Plate VIII. : A maunch debruised by a bend, Demi — Half, and always the fore part, unless mentioned as otherwise. A demi lion^ Fig. 4, Plate VI. Dexter — The right. 4. Difference — Is when one of the Marks of Cadency is used to vary the coat of arms. 30, Fig. 7 ; 35, 1 and 3. Disclosed ) Terms applied to a Bird or Eagle with both wings extended. Dolphin — 25, Fig. 1. Dormant — Sleeping. 16. Ducal Coronet — 39. Ducal Crown, or Crest Coronet — 40. Dovetail — See Partition Lines, 6. Eagle — 17. 27, Fig. 9. Embattled — See Partition Lines, 6. Embowed — Bent. 18, Fig. 23 ; 25, Fig. 1. Embrued — Marked with blood. Endorse — A diminutive of the Pale. 7. Engrailed — See Partition Lines. 6. Enhanced — Said of any Ordinary when placed higher than its usual position. 27, Fig. 5. Enfiled — When a Charge is placed on the blade of a Sword it is said to be enfiled. Ensigned — When a Charge is ornamented with a Crown or a Wreath, etc. Eradicated — A term applied to a tree torn up by the roots. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 53 Erased — A term meaning torn off, and shewn by a serrated line. 17. Ermine. Ermines. Erminois — See Furs. 5. Escallop — The Pilgrim’s Shell. 23, Fig. 1 ; 30, Fig. 9. Escarbuncle — See Carbuncle. Escutcheon of Pretence — 31. Estoile — A Star with six wavy points. Falcon — A trained Hawk. 18. 41. Feathers, Ostrich — 28, Fig. 10. Fer de Moline. — See Millrind. Fess — One of the Honorable Ordinaries. 7, 3. Field — The plain surface of the Shield.. Fetterlock — A Shackle. 24, Fig. 1. File or Label. — 12. 31. Fish — 18. Fitchee — Pointed at the end. 13. Flaunches — 9. Fleur-de-Lis — A well-known conventional flower. 28j Fig. 5. Fleury or Flory — Terminating in a Fleur-de-lis.. Formee — See Cross-Pattee. 13. Fountain — See Roundels.- 12.. Fret — 11. Fretty — 11. Fructed — Bearing fruit. Fusil — 11. Fusilly — When the Field or Charge is divided by diagonal lines so as to form fusils all over it, it is said to be fusilly, Gamb — The fore-leg and paw. 17. Garb — A wheat-sheaf. 24, Fig. 12. Garnished — Ornamented. Gauntlet — An iron glove. Gaze — A Stag Guardant is said to be at gaze, 17, Fig. 10. Gilly Flower — A species of Carnation, the Matthiola incana. Goat’s Head — Plate VI., Fig. 14. 17. Gold or Or — 4. Golpes — Purple Roundels. 12, Fig. 31. 54 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. Gorged — Encircled round the neck. 41, Plate XVI., Fig. 2. Green or Vert — 4. Griffin or Gryphon — An imaginary animal, the upper half that of an eagle, and the lower half that of a lion. 26, Fig. 9. Guardant — Full-faced. 16. Gules or Red — 4. Gurge or Gorge — A round figure presumed to indicate a whirlpool. Guttee or Drops — 12. Gyron — 9. Gyronny — 11. Hand Sinister — 24. Hatchment — The Armorial Escutcheon of a deceased indi- vidual placed in front of the house, on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. Hawk — See Falcon. Hawk’s Lure — Two wings conjoined with the ends or points downwards fastened to a line and ring, used as a decoy by Falconers. Hawk’s Bells and Jesses — The Jesses are the thongs round the bird’s legs to which the hells are fastened. 18. Head — This term implies that the Charge is side-faced or profiled. Helmet — An iron or metal covering for the head. 36. 41. Hauri ANT— F ishes in an upright position. 18. Hind — A female Stag. Holly Leaves — 29, Fig. 6. Humettee — A term used when any Ordinary is cut off so that the extremities do not touch the outer edge of the Shield. A Cross Humettee. Plate V., Fig. 3. Hurts — Blue Roundels. See Roundels. 12. Hurty — Covered with blue Roundels. Impaled or Impaling — See Marshalling. 31.. Indented — See Partition Lines. 6. Inescutcheon — 9. 24. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 55 Inescutcheon op Pretence — 31. In Lure — Two wings conjoined and inverted with the tips downward — 27, Fig. 3. Interlaced — Linked together. 29, Fig. 7. Invected — See Partition Lines. 6. ISSUANT — Rising or coming out of. When any animal is Blazoned as issuing or issuant^ only the upper half of such animal is depicted. Jellop — The wattles of a cock, cockatrice, etc. 18. Jessant — Shooting forth. Half the Charge only is depicted when Blazoned Jessant de Lis — When a Fleur-de-lis is depicted passed through a leopard’s face it is said to he jessant de Us. 26, Fig. 7. Jesses — The leathern thongs that fasten the hells to a hawk’s legs. 18. Label — A Fillet with three or five points or pendants, gene- rally used as a Mark of Cadency. 12. 31, Fig. 12. Lambrequin — See Mantling. Langued — A term used when the tongues of animals are of a different colour from their bodies. Legged — See Membered. Leopard’s Face — A term which indicates that no part of the neck appears, and that the position is guardant, hut when erased or couped at the neck the term “ head ” is used. 24, Fig 9. Lines of Partition — 6. 10. Lions — 16. Lion’s Head — 41. Lioncels — When more than three lions are represented upon a shield they are generally termed Lioncels. Lodged — applied to stags, etc., when at rest or lying on the ground. 17. Lozenge, and Lozengy — 11. Luce — A pike or jack. The arms of the Lucys of Charlecote Warwick are : — Gules ^ semee of crosses crosslet, three lucies hauriant argent. 56 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. Lure — See Hawk’s Lure. Lure conjoined in 18. Lymphad or Galley — An ancient ship with one mast and propelled by oars. Maunch — An old fashioned sleeve with long hanging ends. 25, Fig. 7. Maned — When the mane of a horse, unicorn, &c., is of a different tincture to the body, it is said to be maned. Mantling or Lambrequin — Ornamental flourishings hanging from the helmet. 36, and Plates XV. and XVI. Martlet — A species of swallow. 17, and Plate X., Fig. 10. Mascle — 11. Membered — 18. Mermaid — An imaginary being, the upper half that of a woman and the lower half that of a fish, represented with a comb in one hand and a mirror in the other. Mill-rind or Fer de Moline — The piece of iron fixed in the centre of a mill stone. 24, Fig. 6. Mitre — The pontifical cap worn by Bishops, and depicted above the armorial shields of Bishops and Archbishops. See Plate I., pages 40 and 41. Moline Cross — 14. 22. Figs. 33, 34.. Moor’s Head— .-The Heraldic term for the head of a negro in profile, couped at the neck, wreathed at the temples and having a pearl or a ring pendant from the ear. 18. Fig 26. Morion — A steel cap. Motto. — A word, saying, or sentence, adopted at pleasure, borne on a scroll under the shield and sometimes over the crest. 38. 41. 42. Mullet (a spur-rowel) — A star like figure with 5 points, and generally pierced in the centre. 29. Fig. 7. 30. Fig. 7. Mural Crown — 40. Naiant — S wimming, applied to a fish placed horizontally. 18. Naissant — Rising or coming out of ; applicable to any creature , when represented as issuing out of the middle of a Fess or other Ordinary. Naval Crown — 40. Nebulee — See lines of partition. 6. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 67 Nowed — Tied in a knot ; said of serpents and other creatures whose bodies and tails are twisted like a knot. Orgresses or Pellets — Black Boundels. 12. Or— G old. 4. Ordinary — See principal ordinaries, and sub ordinaries. 7. 9. Orle — 9. Ostrich Feathers — 28, Fig. 10. Owl — This bird is always drawn full faced. Pale — One of the principal ordinaries. 7. Pall or Pallium — An archi-episcopal badge. 9. Pallet — A diminution of the Pale. 7. Paly — 10. Palmer’s Staff — A pilgrim’s staff. Partition Lines — 6. Party Per — 10. Paschal or Holy Lamb is a white lamb, passant^ carrying a banner with a red cross on it, technically called St. George’s Banner. Passant — The Heraldic term for beasts in a walking position. 16. Paternal Arms — 32. 34. Pattee — See crosses. 13. Patoncee — See crosses. 14. Patriarchal Cross — A cross with two arms or cross-bars. Pean — See furs. 5. Pelican in her Piety — Said of a Pelican when represented feeding her young by picking her breast. 42. Pellets — Black Roundels. 12. Per — See Party Per. 10. Perforated — Voided or pierced. 11. Pheon — T he barbed head of a dart or arrow. 34, 6. Pierced — When any change or Ordinary is perforated. Pile — 9. Plate — Roundels Argent or white. 12. Points of the Escutcheon — 4. PoMEis — Green Roundels. 12. Pommel — The rounded knob at the extremity of the handle of a sword. 58 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. Popinjays — Small ffreen parrots with red beaks and legs. 28, Fig. 12. Potent — See Furs. 7. Potent, Cross— 14. Powdered — See Semee. 15, 4. Proper — Natural color or tincture. 16. PuRFLED, or Garnished — Terms for the studs, and rims of armour when gilt. PuRPURE — Purple. See tinctures. 4. Quarter — 9. 5. Quartering — See Marshalling, 32. Quarterly — See Marshalling, 33. Quatrefoil — A four leaved flower. 28, Fig. 4. Queue — The tail of an animal. Queue Fourche, or Double Queued ^ with two tails. Radiant — Vv^hen any Ordinary or charge is edged with glitter- ing rays like those of the sun, it is said to be radiant, Ragulee, or Raguly — Jagged or notched in an irregular manner. 14. Rampant — Any animal standing erect on its hind legs is said to be rampant, 16. Red or Gules — 4. Reflexed — Curved or twined round as the chain from the collar of a beast thrown over the back. Reguardant — See Lions. 16. Rising — When birds are in a position as if preparing to take flight. See Volant. Respectant — Facing each other. Rebated — When the top or point of a weapon is broken off, it is said to be rebated, Roses — 24. Fig 10. Roundels — 11. Rowell of Spur — See Mullet. Rustre — 11. Sable — Black, See Tinctures. 4. Salient — See Lions. 16. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 59 St. George’s Cross — A plain cross gules, on an argent field. 20 . Saltire — One of the principal Ordinaries. 8. Sans — Without. Sarcelled — Cut through the middle. Seeded — Applied to the seeds of roses and lilies when borne of a tincture different to the flower itself. Segreant — Applied to a griffin when erect with wings endorsed. 26, Fig. 9. Sejant — Sitting, see lions. 16. Semee — 15, 4. Shake-fork — 11, Fig. 19. Sheldrake — A kind of duck. Shield — 4. Slipped — The stalk of the flower depicted, as if tom from the original stem. Shoveller — A species of waterfowl somewhat resembling a duck. Sinister — T he left. 4. Silver or Argent — 4. Splendour — The sun is said to be in its splendour when depicted with face and rays. St AT ANT — Standing, 17. Stag — 17. Stags’ Heads — Plate VI., Fig. 13. 31, Fig. 11., 36. Star — See Estoile. Supporters — 37. SuRCOAT — A loose coat, formerly worn over the armour ; and in many instances embroidered with the Arms of the wearer. Surmounted — When one charge is placed over another it is said to be surmounted. Swallow — See Martlett. Syren — A mermaid. Stringed is applied to a bugle which is generally borne with strings affixed thereto, tied in a bow. Also applied to the harp, etc. 11., Fig. 18. Tabard — A short garment with wide sleeves reaching to the 60 GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. elbows, embroidered with arms of the wearer. It is still worn by the Heralds and Pursuivants as their recognized official habit. Talbot — A hound with thick snout and hanging ears. 26, Fig. 10. Talons — The claws of a bird, wyvern, etc. Tau or Tau-Cross, a cross formed like the letter T. Teazel — The head or seed vessel of a thistle. Thunderbolt — A twisted bar in pale inflamed at each end, surmounting two jagged darts in saltire between two wings expanded, with streams of fire issuing from the centre. Tinctures — 1. Torqued — Wreathed or twisted. Torse — A wreath. Tower or Castle — 18. Towered or Turretted — Having towers or turrets. Plate VL, Fig. 22. Torteauxes — Red Roundels. 12. Trefoil — A clover leaf. 28, Fig. 2. Tressure — See Sub-ordinaries. 9, 3. Tressure Flory — 29, Fig. 10. Trippant — Applied to beasts of chase, represented with one foot up as if on a trot. 17. Counter-tripping is when two beasts are trippant, one passing one way and the other the reverse. Trunked — A tree couped or cut ofi* smooth of its branches and separated from the root. Trunk of a Tree — A term used when the root of a tree is represented as if torn up and the top cut off. Tusked is when the teeth of a boar, tiger, elephant, etc., is of a different tincture. Ulster Badge — 24. Unguled signifies the hoof of the horse, stag, bull, etc. 17. Undee or Wavy — See lines of partition. 6. Urchant — A hedgehog. Urinant — Applied to fish with the head downwards and the tail erect. 18. GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND INDEX. 61 Vair or Vaire — A kind of fur. 5. Vallary Crown — 40. Varvelled — When the jesses of a hawk are borne flotant with rings at the end, they are said to be varvelled, Varvels or Yervels — Small rings to which the jesses of a hawk are fastened. Vert or Green — See Tinctures. 4. Verted and Reverted — See Flexed and Reflexed. Vested — Habited, clothed. Visor — The part of helmet which protects the face. 36. Volant — Flying. 17. Voided — Pierced. 13. VuLNED — Wounded, with the blood dropping from the wound. Water Bougets — Vessels to carry water. 25, Fig. 8. Wattled — The same as jelopped. 18. Wavy — See Undee. 6. Whelk — A mollusk shell. 24, Fig. 2. Whirlpool — See Gorge or Gurge. Winged — Having wings. Wings Conjoined are wings expanded, elevated, and united at the bottom. 18. Wells — See Fountain. Wood — A small group of trees growing on a mount. Woodman — A wild man or savage. Wreath — 37. Wreathed — Having a wreath on the head or elsewhere. Wyvern — 26, Fig. 12. E v'' r; TO THE gmfs fff Itrsffns, k., §{!tnnp 0r Jmribtlij. The figures refer to the pages of the Manual. The names in Italics indicate that the particular arms are not engraved. Abdy, of Felix Hall, 28. Abercromby, of Birkenbog, 26. Acton, of Wolverton, 30, 31. Ailsa, Marquis of, 29. Aldersey, of Aldersey, 24. Anderton, of Euxton, 24. Antrobus, of Antrobus, 25. Argyll, Duke of, 21. Aston, of Aston, 21. Aubrey, of Llantrithyd, 27. Avenel, Baron, 28. Bagge, of Stradsett, 28. Bagot, of Bagot’s Bromley, 31. Barnardiston, of Byes, 29. Barnewall, of Crickstown, 20. Bastard, of Kiiley, 20. Bath, Marquis of, 21, Beauchamp, Baron, 19. Becmsawe, Family of, 22. Bedingfield, of Oxburgh, 27. Bentinck, Family of, 22. Beverley, Earl of, 29. Biddulph, of Birdinghury, 27. Biddulph, of Ledbury, 27. Blake, of Ireland and Suffolk, 21. Blenc&we, of Marstm, 20. Blennerhasset, of Ballyseedy, 26. Blennerhasset, of BlennerviUe, 26. Blount, of Maple Durham, 27. Blount, of Sodington, 27. Blundell, of Crosby, 20. Bodenham, of Rotherwas, 30. Bohun, of Midhurst, 20. Band, of the Grange, 19. .Boulton, of Moulton, 25. Bowyer, of Denham, 24. Brandling, of Gosforth, 22. Buckingham, Duke of, 23. Burton, of Grimstone, 29. Burton, of PoUacton, 29. Butler-Danvers, of Swithland, 30, 33. Camoys, Baron, 24. Campbell, of Barquharrie, 25. Campbell, Family of, 22. Carminow, of Cornwall, 20. Cawdor, Earl of, 22. Chadwick, of Healey, 26. Chapman, of Killua Castle, 23. Chester, Earl of, 21. Chetwode, of Chetwode, 23. Childers, of Cantley, 22. Clifford, Baron, 30. Clifford, of Irnham, 30, 31. Clude, of Orleton, 22. Collier, Family of, 22. Compton, of Priors’s Dean, 41. Congreve, of Congreve, 25. Constable, of Burton Constable, 21. Coppinger, of Ballyvolane, 26. Corbet, of Elsham and DarnhaU, 27. Corbet, of Moreton Corbet, 27. Craufurd, of Craufurdland, 19. Cuningham, of Corse-HiU, 22. Danby, of Swinton, 22. Danvers, of Swithland, 30, 33. Delamare, 35. Delamere, 35. De la Warr, Earl, 19. Denison, of Grimstone, 29. Digby, Baron, 28. Drinkwater, of Salford, 24. Dukinfield, of Dukinfield, 22. Dimcombe, of Duncombe, 26. 64 INDEX TO NAMES OF PERSONS, ETC. Durant, of Scottow, 22. Erskine, Earl of Marr and Kellie, 19. Essex, of Bewcot, 20. Etton, of Gilling, 33. Evelyn, of Wotton, 26. Ferrers, of Chartley, 19. Ferrers, Earl, 21. Feversham, Baron, 26. FPrench, Baron, 20. Fitz william, Earl, 21. Fleming, of By dal, 21. Fowke, of Lowesby, 28. Fox, Bishop of Winchester, 32, 42. Fulford, of Fulford, 20. Gerard, of Bryn, 20. Gower, of Stittenham, 30, 33. Graeme, of Garvock, 29. Grant, of Kilgraston, 25. Grantley, Baron, 25. Gresley, of Drakelow, 19. Greville, of Wotton under Barnwood, 23. Grey, Lord, 21. Grylls, of Helston, 27. Gurdon, of Letton, 26. Halkett, of Hall Hill, 26. Hampden, of Hampden. 35. Harries, of Cruxton, 30, 31. Harrington, Earl of, 21. Harrington, of Worden, 22. Heathcote, Baron Avenel, 28. Heathcote, of Hursley, 28. Herschell, of Slough, 3. Homfray, of Penllyne, 22. Huddleston, of Sawston, 21. Hussey, of Harting, 3^ Hussey, of Scotney Castle, 20. Ireby, 35. Irwin, of Tanrago, 29. Jerningham, of Cossey, 29. Jerusalem, Kingdom of, 16, 22. Kennedy, Family of, 29. Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, 22. Lanesborough, Earl of, 30, 33. Langley, of Higham, 21. Lawrence, of Sevenhampton, 22. Leeds, Priory of, 23. Leigh, Baron Leigh, of Stoneleigh, 23. Leigh, of West Hall in High Leigh, 23. Leveson, of Haling, 30, 33. Londesborough, Baron, 29. Loraine, of Kirk-Harl, 23. Lumley, of Bradfield, 19. Lumley, of Lumley, 28. Meynell, of Meynell Langley, 19. Middleton, Baron, 21. Miller, of Radway, 27. Molyneux, Family of, 22. Mostyn, of Talacre, 21. Muncaster, Baron, 29. Neville, Lord Abergavenny, 20, Neville, of Thorney, 20. Northumberland, Duke of, 29. Norton, of Grantley, 25. Paulet, of Basing, 34, 35. Paulet, of Crondal, 34. Pennington, of Pennington, 29. Percy, Family of, 29. Petre, of Writtle, Baron Petre, 30, 31. Popham, of Popham, 36. Portland, Duke of, 22. Portman, Baron, 28. Poynings, of Basing, 35. RadclyfFe, of Foxdenton, 31. Rees, Family of, 34. Rigge, of Woodbroughton, 27. Roos, of Gedney, 35. Roper, of Linstead, 31. Ross, of Craigie, 25. Sandys, Baron, of the Vine, 22. Scarborough, Earl of, 28. Scott, of Betton, 25. Scrope, of Danby, 19. Scures, of Wickham, 34. Sefton, Earl of, 22. Selby, of Biddleston, 21. Shelley, of Avington, 24. Shelley, of Castle Goring, 24. SheUey, of Maresfield, 24. Shirley, Family of, 21. Skelton, of Yorkshire, 35. Spenser, Earl of, 23. St. Barbe, of Lymington, 20. St. George's Cross, 20. St. John, of Basing, 35. St. Martin, of West Dean, 36. Stafford, Lord, 20, 29. Stamford, Earl o/, 21. Stanhope, Earl of, 21. Stonor, of Stonor, 24. Stour ton, of Allerton, Baron Stourton, 27. 65 INDEX TO NAMES OF PERSONS, ETC. Surtees^ of Redmrih, 20. Sutherland, Duke of, 30. Sutton, of Norwood, 20. S^^dney, 34, 36. Taylor, of Bifrons, 24. Teynham, Baron, 31. Throckmorton, of Cough ton, 41. Thynm, Lord, 21. Tichborne, of Tichborne, 19, 30, 31, 38. Tichesey, of Tichesey, 34. Touehet, Lord Audley, 20. Townley, of Townley, 30, 31. TrafFord, of Trafford, 26. Trappes, of Nidd, 25. Trdawney, of Trelawney, 20. Troyes, of Kilmiston, 34. Trye, of Leckhampton, 20. Tufnel, of Langleys, 28. Turner, of Stoke Rochford, 24. Tumour, Earl of Winterton, 24. Tyrell, of Boreham, 24. Uvedale, of Wickham, 33, 34. Vaux, of Harrowden, 41. Vaux, Lord, of Harrowden, 41. Vernon, of Hilton, 41. Vernon, Lord, of Sudbury, 21, 41. Vincent, of Debden, 28. Waldegrave. Earl of, 21. Wall, of Salhouse, 28. Waller, of Bray wick Lodge, 28. Waller, of Farmington, 28. Wallop, Earls of Portsmouth, 20. Wallseourt, Lord, 22. Walsingham, Abbey of, 23. Warren and Killiney, 20. Weld, of Lulworth, 29. Wentworth, of Woolley, 26. West, Lord de la Warr, 19. White, of Aldershot, 41. Whitmore, of Appley, 21. Wilkins, of Clifton, 26. Willoughby, Lord, 21. Winchester, Marquis of, 34, 42. Winchester, See of, 41. Wingfield, of Tickencote, 27. Wintertown, Earl of, 24. Winton de, of Clifton, 26. Wiseman, of Clanfield, 25. Wolseley, of Wolseley, 26. Worsley, of Hovingham, 19. Wyche, of Davenham, 11. HENDERSON, RAIT AND FENTON, PRINTERS, WINSLET STREET, OXFORD STREET, W. ,K : - .1 m I ■ ■ ’>, I* «r , ' ' ' ' . f •-. - ■ * : v ^• ■>^7 ' .‘i A ■' )t I .■! % i i ir V t ■■ • . _ ■ V,- "M, Pi. 11. TifT W 17 IS ★ V o iS 20 21 0 + 2S 23 34 31 32 ( SI 1 ut 33 , w:. iiONG- lira. pj,m M I,OW& LETH FI N M IiONGLITH Pi V M LON&lilTH Pl.yi. M. L0Tf5 LITH Pi VII It TjONG lith I PHX M .LOKG LTTH PI.X. MLOUUIilTH PI XI 1 \r LONG.LITH ' 'T' .V- cr* i i I ■ I t y I i i PI Xll r J m3Ei\ '..WjH K.IjONG LITH ■^Jr- PI xiir. KT.Ii OKSJliirH. M. IjONG- T.1TH 19 . r -( > 2 3 CAMEL HAIR BRUSHES, Small Swan Quill Camels 3 ^- Extra Small Swan Quill Camels 2d. each. Full Goose Camels A B C D E F G H I L FRENCH CAMEL HAIR BRUSHES. Small Crow Crow Duck Large Duck Small Goose Goose Large Goose Swan, No. i » 2 3 „ 4 „ 5 - each 55 s. d. o 2 o 2 O 2 O 2 O 3 0 8 1 o I 4 1 8 2 5 No. I „ 2 ,, 3 FRENCH CAMEL HAIR IN TIN. FLAT OR ROUND. s. d. Each o 3 No. 4 - - Each o 4 5 ■ ■ ,,05 „ 6 - - ,, s. d. o 6 o 7 o 8 SKETCHING UMBRELLAS. Cane Ribs. Each. £ s. d. Made of Brown Holland, or Jeannette, length of ribs inches - - - - - -149 Ditto, with Fan Joint, length of ribs 28^ inches -179 Made of Brown Holland, &c., length of ribs 32 inches 163 Ditto, with Fan Joint, length of ribs 32 inches - i 9 3 With Bamboo Sticks, 25. '^ d . Paragon Frames. Each. £ s. d. I 8 6 I II 6 I 10 9 I 13 9 i8 PORTABLE SKETCHING EASEL, IN CASE. Ash, 5 feet or 6 feet each Mahogany, or Walnut-Wood, 5 feet - - - - - 5) 6 ■ - - - „ French polished, 5 - - - - - s. d. 9 9 12 6 14 o 17 3 19 o THE GERMAN SKETCHING SEAT <& EASEL COMBINED. ADAPTED FOR EITHER OIL OR WATER-COLOUR SKETCHING. Price each. CLOSED. The same principle has been adapted for the use of Ladies, and is equally serviceable and portable. Price 13s. od. each. With extra strong leather seat, 3s. 9d. additional. KNAPSACK EASEL. Similar to the German Easel, with the addition of a waterproof case and straps. The interior has sufficient space to contain the requisites of a walking tour. Price 9s. 6d. each. SQUARE SEAT, SIMILAR TO THE ABOVE ILLUSTRATION. Without the Easel, Price iis. 9d. each. Extra strong seat 3s. 9d. additional. JAPANNED WATER BOTTLES. FOR CARRYING A SUPPLY OF WATER FOR SKETCHING. WITH CUPS TO FIT ON THE PALETTE OR BOX. Japanned Water Bottles and Cups each ,, Middle size ditto ,, ,, Large size ditto .. .. .. .. .. ,, Oval ditto, plated inside ,, Ditto, ditto, larger .. .. .. .. ,, ,, Ditto, DITTO, imitation, PLATED INSIDE, SMALL ,, ,, ,, !. )> LARGE ,, M ELAT ,, s. d. 2 9 3 o 3 6 5 3 6 o 3 9 4 o 4 o RIMMED DIPPER, To PREVENT THE Water spilling, IS. 9d. TOURISTS’ SKETCHING BAGS. MADE OF SATEEN, AND ARRANGED TO HOLD SKETCHING BLOCK, COLOUR BOX, WATER BOTTLE, SKETCH BOOK, BRUSH POUCH, ETC. S. I.mperial 8vo., II inches by 8 inches .. .. .. .. .. each i6 Imperial 6mo., 15 ,, 8 ,, .. .. . 18 Royal 410., 12^ ,, 10 ,, 18 Imperial 410., 15 ,, ii ,, •• 20 d. 6 9 9 20 GEORGE ROWNEY & CO.’S PORTABLE TENTS, FOR SKETCHING TOURS, PIC-NICS, OR SUMMER EXCURSIONS The advantages of these Tents, consisting of their portability and light weight when packed and their strength and spaciousness when pitched, are much appreciated by artists. Size of Smai.i, Tent when set up .. .. .. 4 feet square, 7 feet high ,, ,, ,, PACKED .. 4 inches BY 4 INCHES, 4 FEET 4 INCHES LONG Weight, about 12 lbs. Price, including Case, £2 3S. Size of Large Tent when set up .. .. 7 feet by 4 feet 6, 7 feet high, ,, ,, ,, PACKED .. 5 inches BY 5 inches, 4 FEET 6 INCHES long. Weight, about 20 i.ns. Price, including Case, ^3 i8s. MATERIALS FOR HERALDRY PAINTING. The revival of Missal Painting, and its great popularity, has naturally called attention to the art of Heraldic Painting, but there is this difference in favour of the latter art — viz., that while Missal Painting is to a great extent an art belonging to a past age, there is a constant and ever-changing growth of heraldic emblazonments 5 and this, owing to the incessant changes by intermarriage and other causes, must continue to be the case 5 therefore Heraldry Painting is as much a living art as any other, and must ever form an interesting study to all connected with the aristocracy of this or any other European nation. Messrs. Rowney & Co. have given the greatest attention to all matters connected with the art, and have prepared a set of colours and other materials requisite. The colours are as follows, and are sold in glass-covered cups : — Gules, No. I - Gules, No. 2 - Azure, No. i - Azure, No. 2 - Vert, No. i Vert, No. 2 - each d. 6 6 6 o o o Chinese White in bottle. Sable, No. i - - each I d. 0 Sable, No. 2 - - ,, I 0 Proper Colour, No. i ,, I 0 Proper Colour, No. 2 ,, I 6 Proper Colour, No. 3 ,, I 0 Or Substitute - - ,, I 6 Purpure - - ,, I 0 Platina Shells. Chinese Ink. Burnishers, Brushes, Pencils, Raising Preparation. &c., as in Illuminating Gold Shells. Painting. A handsome caddy-lid Box of the above, fitted with the requisite materials. Price £2. 2s. With a view to render a study of this art easy, and at the same time complete, Messrs. Rowney & Co. have published a “Treatise on Heraldry,” by Mr. F. J. Baigent, which will, they trust, enable any one, after a very brief study, to draw up the coat of arms of any known family, or any combinations or changes that may occur. The work is fully illustrated in a similar manner to their “Guide to Illuminating,” by the Messrs. Audsley, which was received with such marked approbation. 22 GEORGE ROWNEY & CO.’S OIL COLOURS, IN THE PATENT METALLIC TUBES, GROUND EXTRA FINE. REDS. GREENS — conthijied. s. d. s. Red Lead .... 0 4 Mineral Green . . . 0 Brown Red . . . 0 4 Olive Lake . . . , . 0 Indian Red . . . 0 4 Olive Tint, No. i 0 Light Red .... 0 4 Olive Tint, No. 2 . 0 Venetian Red . . . 0 4 Sap Green . . . . 0 Crimson Lake . . 0 4 Teira Vert . . . . 0 Indian Lake . 0 4 Verdigris . . . . 0 Scarlet Lake . . . 0 4 Malachite . . . . I Burnt Brown Ochre . 0 4 Oxide of Chromium . I Burnt Roman Ochre 0 4 Veronese Green . . I Burnt Sienna . 0 4 Mauve 0 4 Magenta .... 0 4 YELLOWS Paladium Red 0 6 Paladium Scarlet 0 6 AND * Chinese Vermilion . 0 6 Vermilion .... 0 6 ORANGES. Scarlet Vermilion 0 9 Extract of Vermilion I 0 Chrome, i . . . . 0 Madder Lake . . . I 0 Chrome, 2 . . . . 0 Rose Madder . . . I 0 Chrome, 3 . . . . 0 Carmine 1 6 Chrome, 4 . . . . 0 Extract of Maddder u French Naples Yel. 0 Carmine .... Gamboge . . . . 0 Italian Ochre . . 0 PURPLES. Italian Pink . . . 0 King’s Yellow . . . 0 Purple T.ake . . . 0 4 Naples Vellow, i . . 0 Madderine Lake . . 0 6 Naples Yellow, 2 . . 0 Violet Carmine I 6 Naples Yellow, 3 . . 0 Purple Madder . . 3 0 Orpiment . . . . 0 Patent Yellow . . . 0 Raw .Sienna . . . 0 BLUES. Roman Ochre . 0 Antwerp Blue . . . 0 4 Transparent Gold Ochre .... Chinese Blue . . . 0 4 Yellow Ochre . . . 0 Permanent Blue . . 0 4 Yellow Lake . 0 Prussian Blue . . . 0 4 Indian Yellow . Indigo 0 4 Lemon Yellow I Coeruleum .... 0 6 Mars Yellow . . . I Cobalt I 0 Platina Yellow I French Ultramarine I 0 Strontian b ellow . I Ultramarine Ash . 2 6 Chine.se Orange . . 1 Mars Orange . . . I GREENS. Orange Vermilion I Cadmium, Pale . I Emerald Green . . 0 4 Cadmium, Yellow I Chrome Green, 1 . 0 4 Cadmium, Deep . I Chrome Green, 2 . 0 4 Cadmium, Orange . I Chrome Green, 3 . 0 4 Aureolin 2 BROWNS. Asphaltum . . . . Bitumen . . . . Bone Brown Cologne Earth . . Cappah Brown Caledonian Brown . Indian Brown . Manganese Brown . Vand\ ke Brown . Verona Brown Brown Ochre . . . Brown Pink . . . Burnt Umber . . . Cassel Earth . . . Mummy . . . . Raw Umber . . . Madder Brown Rubens’ Madder . . Sepia BLACKS. Black T.ead . . . Blue Black . . . . Ivory Black . . . Lamp Black . . . GRAYS. Neutral Tint . . . Payne’s Gray . . . Mineral Gray, No. i Mineral Gray, No. 2 WHITES. Flake White . . . New White . . . Permanent White Silver White . . . Zinc White .... MEDIUMS. Copal McGuilp . . Pyne’s McGuilp . Sacrum Siccatif McGuilp . . . . Double or extra size Tubes of atiy of the above Coloztrs. s. d. o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 0 4 1 o I o I o o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 o 4 EXTRA SIZE TUBES OF OIL COLOURS. Tubes, Double Size . s. d. each 0 8 1 Tubes, containing J^lb. White each s. d. I 6 ,, Treble Size . ,, 10 ilb. White ,, 2 9 ,, Quadruple .Size . „ I .3 i ,, ,, 2lb. White 5 3 5 ^’ ■ P F-; ■V/'^-'' ''' ' ‘ ' ' ' ■ .’ '' * V'la[!&V.' .a' ' ^ •ti ^ V' kvf-':... \ . *.' .'■ i A 1. i • y *, -