Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/newoxfordguideorOOgent THE NEW OXFORD guide: o Companion through the Univerfity. Exhibiting every Particular worthy The Obfervation of the Curious IN EACH OF THE Public Buildings, Colleges, Halls, 8ec. To which is added, A Tour to Blenheim, Ditchley, and Stow, The SEATS of His Grace the Duke of MARLBOROUGH, The Right Hon. the Earl of LITCHFIELD, And the Right Hon. the Earl TEMPLE. CONTAINING, An accurate Defcription of their Tapestry, Paintings, Sculptures, Temples, Gardens, and other Curiosities. By a Gentleman of Oxford. The Fourth Edition, Corre&ed and Enlarged. Embelliftied with a New Plan of Oxford , and other elegant Engravings. ----- Tandem Tritonida coffpicit Arcem, jngeniis , cpibufque, et fejla pace •virentem. Ovid. Met. ii. 794, 4*************l t ****-****$4“*****$ ***■******!► OXFORD, Printed for J. Fletcher in the Turl; S. Parker in the High-Street 3 and J. Fletcher in St, Paul's Church Yard, London, [ Hi 3 r7*y> 'TXr' 'Tjir air air air air air air air air qftr gi%r air air o?tr air air tXt air TABLE of CONTENTS. A A LL Souls College - Page 33 Alban Hall *--- 79 B" Blenheim Houfe, the Seat of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough - — ■■ — 89 Bodleian Library- 13 Brazen Nofe College - 39 C Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, Profeflbrs, &c. 84 Chrift Church 71 Corpus Chrifti College *-- 66 B Ditchley, the Seat of the Right Honourable the Earl of Litchfeld —-- 101 E Exeter College —- - —-> 5S G General Survey *—— -—— 1 Governors of Colleges and Halls -- 81 H Hertford College --- ■——— 40 j Jefus College --—- - -— 60 L A 2 Lincoln College 61 iv TABLE of CONTENTS. M Magdalen College Magdalen Hall Merton College Mufeum .— New College New Inn Hall N Page 25 80 68 1 9 41 80 Oriel College 64 Parlfhes, and Parifii Churches, in Oxford Pembroke College --—— «— Phyfic Garden ———— -- Pomfret Statues —-- Printing Houfe —-——— -- Queen’s College RadclifFe’s Library CL R 5» 6 77 23 9 22 3 J 7 Schools - —- —— »' - St. John’s College « —. St. Mary’s Church --— St. Mary Hall -- — St. Edmund’s Hall - ■ — -» Stow Gardens, the Seat of Earl Temple T The Theatre -— *——— - Trinity College ■ -- U Univerfity College Wadham College Worcefter College W 5 1 80 79 109 l 5 49 29 46 57 PREFACE. vii this, all that could have been faid on that fubjedt muft neceflarily have been too little for the antiquarian, and too much for the mere fpedtator. Had we faid more, we Ihould have difgufted the one, without fatisfying the demands of the other. We are writing to Parties of pleafure; and it is our bufinefs to point out thofe particulars, which are calcu¬ lated to attradt the notice, and engage • the attention, of Grangers. Our defign is to gratify the curiofity of the Tra¬ veller, not to furnifh matter for the re- fearches of the Student. But though we have written for the entertainment and information of the former, we hope to merit the regard and approbation of both. Milton’s Paradise Regained. Built nobly, pure the Air, and light the Soil, Athens! The Eye of Greece, Mother of Arts And Eloquence, native to famous Wits, And hofpitable,* in her fweet recefs, City, cr Suburban, Hudious Walks and Shades! Book iv. V. 239. 4 - 4 #4 4 * 4 4 - 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 - 4 - 4 - 4 4 4 - 4 4 - A NEW GUIDE THROUGH THE UNIVERSITY of OXFORD. GENERAL SURVEY. O XFORD, a City, principally diftinguifhed by its illuftrious Univerfity, is alfo remarkable for its antiquity, being known among the Romans by the name Bellofitum. It does not appear when it was r firft fortified : But the walls, of which confiderable remains are vifible at prefent, were probably raifed upon a former foundation, by Robert D’Oilie, about the time of the conqueft. The fame perfon, at the command of the Conqueror, eredled the caftle, A. D. 1071; which, from the mafly ruins now remaining, appears to have been a work of prodigious ftrength and extent. King Henry I. founded a royal palace here, upon a fpot called Beaumont, near Gloucefter Green, fome fragments of which are ftill extant: and in which King Richard I. furnamed Coeur de Lion, was born. In this City were feveral Monafteries $ * the moft remarkable of which were St. Fridefwide’s, and Ofeney Abbey. It’s Bifhoprick was eredted A. D, 1542, the foundation of which I (hall defcribe more particularly in another place. The University of Oxford has many fabulous accounts, relating to the time of it’s origin. It moft B probably 2 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. probably "was inftituted foon after the propagation of Chriftianity in this kingdom. Alfred is fuppofed by feme to have been its founder : but Alfred appears to have reftored it, in an age of confufion and igno¬ rance, and to have been the father of that eftablifh- ment and fecurity, which, notwithftanding fome tem¬ porary fhocks and interruptions, it has maintained ever fince. Alfred erected certain Schools or Halls, and aftigned penfions to the Students. The firft Col¬ lege of the Uriiverfity incorporated by Royal Charter, was that of Walter de Merton, A. D. 1274; about which time, 15000 fcholars are reported to have been refident here: But in the reign of Henry III. the Univerfity is faid to have confifted of double that number. The Town is fituated ©n a broad eminenence, which arifes fo gradually as to be hardly perceptible, in the midft of a in oft beautiful extent of meadows, to the fouth, eaft, and weft, and of corn-fields to the north. The vales on the eaft are watered by the river Cherwell, and thofe on the weft and fouth by the main ftream, and feveral branches, of the Ifis. Both rivers meet towards the fouth-eaft. The land¬ scape is bounded on every fide, the north excepted, by a range of hills covered with woods. The open¬ ing to the north admits a free current of frefh air, and entirely removes all the inconveniences, which would otherwife arife from the noxious vapours of a watery fituation. From fome of the furrounding hills, the traveller is furprifed with an unparalleled profpedl of magnificence and plenty; of numerous fpires, domes, and turrets, with the combined charms of veidure, water, and trees. The foil is a fine gr2ve!, and on the whole, the fituation is not lefs healthy than agreeable. That part of the town properly denominated the City, and originally enclofed with walls, is not more than two miles in circumference, and of an oblong figure. NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 3 figure. The Suburbs are moft confulerable on the north, eaft, and weft Tides; containing the parishes of Holiwell, Magdalen, St. Clement, St. Giles, and St. Thomas; with the colleges of Baliol, Tri¬ nity, Wadham, Worcefter, St. John, and Magda¬ lene. The walls, from that part of them which re¬ mains as a boundary to New College on the north and eaft, appear to have been embattelled with baft ions, at 150 feet diftance from each other. The walls likewife, but without their battlements, ferve as a fence to Merton College, on the fouth and eaft. A few detached fragments of them are difcernible at other places. Of the original city gates, only North Gate is ftanding. The whole town is about three miles in circumference. The principal ftreet is the High Street, running from the Eaft Gate to Carfax church. It’s length and breadth are hardly to be paralleled. It is re¬ markably clean and well paved. It derives it’s prin¬ cipal grandeur from the fronts of three magnificent Colleges, together with the churches of St. Mary and All Saints. This ftreet owes much of it’s beauty to, what fome judge a deficiency, it’s curve direc¬ tion. By this means it affords a gradual and un¬ expected difplay of it’s parts, and fucceflively fur- prizes us, at every turn, with a new objeCE This ftreet, but under different names, is continued to¬ wards the Caftie. The next confiderable ftreet, by fome called Fifh Street, leads from Carfax to a turret called Friar Bacon’s Study. It is adorned with the ftately front of the college of Chrift Churchy which is extended to the length of 382 feet. In the fame ftreet is the Town Hall, where the aftizes for the county, and the town and county-feftions are held; a neat and commodious edifice, partly ere&ed at the expence of Thomas Rowney, Efq; the late Reprefentative, and High Steward of the City. From 4 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. From Carfax Conduit, which is a curious ftruc- ture, erected by Otho Nicholfon, in the reign of J ames I. we pafs on the north into the Corn Mar¬ ket ; and from thence by Magdalen Parifh church on the right, and Friers Entry on the left, being the paffage to the Carmelite Friery in Beaumont, into St. Giles’s ; which is a ftreet of extraordinary breadth, and from the trees, and grafs-plots interlperfed about it, has the appearance of an elegant village. On the eaft fide {lands St. John’s College; and the town, as well as the ftreet, is terminated at this end by St. Giles’s Church. This entrance to the Town, from the Woodftock and Banbury Roads, is now greatly ornamented by an HOSPITAL elegantly built of hewn Hone, upon the plan of the County Hofpital at Gloucefter. This Edifice, which has been fo long wanted here, and which, exclufive of the more important and im¬ mediate benefits of its foundation, will prove of pecu¬ liar utility to academical Students in Phyfic, was erected by the Truftees of Dr. Radcliffe’s benefa£tion, out of the furplus money remaining after defraying the expence of his Library. The Ground was given by Thomas Rowney, Efq; abovementioned. The Building was begun in May 1759, and profecuted with remarkable expedition. It is calculated to hold 70 Patients. The principal Bridges are, 1. Magdalen-bridge, over the Cherwell, enlarged by Cardinal Wolfey ; being 600 feet in length, and confifting of twenty arches, by which we enter the town from London. 2. High-bridge, or Hithe-bridge *, in the weftern fuburb, over the Ifis; confifting of three arches, and leading into Gloucefterfhire, &c. 3. Folly-bridge, as it is commonly called, in the fouthern fuburb, on f The Wlurf-bridge, the NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 5 the Tame river; over which, through a gate and tower, known by the name of Frier Bacon’s Study, is the Abingdon road, which leads to various parts of Berkfhire, &c. This confifts of three arches, and is like the reft, entirely built with ftone. The City of Oxford, with its fuburbs, and liber ties, confifts of fourteen parifhes. 1. St. Mary’s. 2. All Saints. 3. St. Martin’s, or Carfax. 4. St. Aldate’s, or St. Old’s. 5. St. Ebb’s. _ 6. St. Peter’s in the Bailey. 7. St. Michael’s. f 8. St. MaryMagdalen’s. 1 9. St. Peter’s in the Halt. I 10. Holiv/ell. )><( 11. St. Giles’s. 12. St. Thomas’s. 13. St. John’s. ^ 14. St. Clement’s. Only four of the churches belonging to tbefe pa- rilhes are worthy obfervation, viz. St. Mary’s, All Saints, St. Peter’s, and St. John’s. — That of St. Mary will be defcribed among the Public Buildings of the University, to which it feems more immedi¬ ately conne&ed than to it’s parifh ; and that of St. John, under the article of Merton College. The church of All Saints, fituated in the High Street, is an elegant modern ftru&ure; much in the ftyle of many of the new churches in London. It is beautified, both within and without, with Corinthian pilafters, and finifhed with an attic ftory and balluf- trade. There is no pillar in the church, which is 72 feet long, 42 wide, and 50 high. The deling, al¬ tar, pulpit, &c. are finely executed. The fteeple is remarkable, in the modern manner. It’s architedt was Dr. Aldrich, formerly Dean of Chrift Church. The church of St. Peter in the eaft, {landing near the High' Street, was partly built by St. Grymbald, 800 years ago ; and is reported to be the firft church of ftone that appeared in this part of England. It was formerly the Univerfity Church ; and even at prefent, B 3 with 6 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. with a view of afcertaining their original claim, the Univerfity attend their fermons in it every Sunday in the afternoon during Lent. The tower and eaft end are curious pieces of antiquity. I now proceed to give a diftin 22 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. Collections of that learned and laborious Anti¬ quarian *. In the room on the fir ft floor, Lectures are read in Experimental Philofophy. Underneath, is an Ela- boratory, for Courfes of Chemiftry and Anatomy. The care and direction of the Mufeum is vefted in fix Vifitors, viz. the Vice Chancellor, the Dean o^ Chrift Church, the Principal of Braze-Nofe, the King’s Profeflor of Phyfic, and the two ProCtors for the time being. Thefe have the nomination of the Head Keeper, and meet annually on Trinity- Monday, to infpeCt the ftate of the collection, and to pafs the accounts. Afhmole defigned to have endowed his Foundation with ample Revenues, and has in his Statutes exprefled the Sums appointed for this purpofe, namely, 50 1 . per ann. for the Head Keeper, 15 1 . to the Librarian, and 5 1 . for an Af- fiftant; but this generous intention was never put in¬ to execution ; fo that the profits at prefent arife only from the Gratuities given by Strangers for the Exhi- tion of the Curiofities, which fall greatly fhort of the original deflgn. We cannot help adding, that this valuable Repofi- tory has received many confiderable improvements from the care and vigilance of its prefent ingenious and attentive Head-keeper. The Clarendon Printing House. T H E Clarendon Printing Houfe is almoft con¬ tiguous to the Theatre. It is a magnificent ftruCture, confifting of two flories, and is 115 feet in length. The ftreet front has a noble Doric Portico, whofe columns equal the height of the firft ftory. The back front is adorned with three quarter co¬ lumns of the fame dimenfions, and a ftatue of the * See a very ufeful Catalogue, on a new plan, lately printed. Earl NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 23 Earl of Clarendon. Over the top of the building are ftatues of the Nine Mufes. As we enter from the Schools, on the right hand, are two rooms where Bibles and Books of Common Prayer are printed : Over thefe are large and elegant apart¬ ments, containing feveral excellent pictures, with a kitchen, and other domeftic accommodations un¬ der the whole ; all which are rented of the Univer- fity by Mr. Balket, the King’s Printer. The left fide con lifts of rooms for the Univerfity Prefs: To¬ gether with one well-executed apartment, adorned with an excellent portrait of Queen Anne, by Knel- ler ; appointed for the meetings of the Heads of Houfes, and Delegates. This Edifice was built, A. D. 1711, by the pro¬ fits ariling from the fale of Lord Clarendon’s Hif- tory of the Rebellion ; the copy of which had been prefented to the Univerfity by his fons, the Lords Clarendon and Rochefter. Our account of the Public Buildings, is properly fucceeded by a defcription of. The Physic Garden. T H E Phyfic Garden is fituated to the fouth of Magdalen College. We pafs through a fmall court, to the grand entrance, worthy of Inigo Jones, but defigned by Nicholas Stone. It is of the Doric Order, and ornamented with ruftic work. It is moreover adorned with a Buft of the Founder Lord Danby, a Statue of Charles I. and another of Charles II. On the face of the Corona and the Frieze is the following infcription, 44 Gloriae 44 Dei optimi maximi Honori Caroli I. Regis in 44 Ufum Academiae et Reipublicae Benricus Comes 44 Danby, Anno 1632.’* The fame infcription is on the garden front. The 24 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. The Garden, which is five acres in circumference, is furrounded by a noble wall, with other portals in the ruftic ftyle, at proper diftances. The ground is divided into four Quarters. On the right and left at our entrance, are two neat, and convenient Green- houfes, flocked with a valuable collection of Exotics. The Quarters are filled with a complete Series of fuch plants as grow naturally, difpofed in their refpec- tive clafles. Without the walls, on the eaft, is an admirable Hot-houfe ; where various plants, brought from the warmer climates, are raifed: Of thefe the chief are, the Pine Apple, the Plaintain, the Coffee Shrub, the Caper Tree, the Cinnamon, the Creep¬ ing Cereus, &c. This Garden was inftituted by the Earl of Danby, abovementioned, A. D. 1632 ; who having reple- nifhed it with plants for the ufe of Students in Bo¬ tany, fettled an annual revenue for its fupport. It has been fince much improved by Dr. Sherrard, who ereCted the edifice which we fee on our left, at en¬ tering the Garden, and furnifhed it with an ufeful colle&ion of Botanical Books. He likewife alfigned 3000I. for the maintenance of a Profeflor of Botany ; for whofe lodgings forne apartments in the building juft mentioned have been appointed. *** We next proceed to a furvey of the feveral Colleges, beginning with that of St. Mary Magda¬ len. From thence, the reft are fo placed in our Account, that if the route of the Spectator follow the courfe of their defcription, they may be all vifited with the greateft convenience and expedition. MAGDALEN NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 25 MAGDALENE COLLEGE. T H E College of St. Mary Magdalene is fituated without the Eaft-Gate of the city, on the bor¬ ders of the river Cherwell. A Doric Portal, deco¬ rated with a ftatue of the Founder, introduces us to the weft front of the college, which is a ftriking fpe- cimen of the Gothic manner. The gate under the weft window of the chapel demands a minute exami¬ nation. It is adorned with five fmali, but elegant, figures; that on the right reprefents theFounder; the next is William of Wylceham, in whofe college at Winchefter, the Founder was fchoolmafter ; the third is St. Mary Magdalene, to whom the college is de¬ dicated ; the fourth is Henry III. who founded the hofpital, fince converted into this college ; and the laft St. John the Baptift, by whofe name the faid hofpital was called. On the left are the Lodgings of the Prefident. Nearly contiguous to thefe, is a ftately gateway, the original entrance into the college, but fince difufed, formed in a tower, whofe Tides are adorned with fta- tues of four of the perfons above mentioned. It has been obferved that the Tender arches, feparate and diftindt from the other curve mouldings, in this and the chapel gate-way, were formerly efteemed curious mafonry; but it fhould be remembered, that curious mafonry was more common three centuries ago, than at prefent. It muft however be allowed that they relieve the work, and have an elegant efFedt. From this area we pafs into a cloifter which fur- rounds a venerable old quadrangle. Gn the fouth are the Chapel and Hall. We enter the chapel on the right hand at entering the cloifter. The ante-chapel is fpacious, fupported with two ftafF-moulded pillars, extremely light. In the weft window are fome fine C remains 26 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. remains of glafs painted in claro obfcuro. The fub- je£t is the refurreCtion. The defign is after one in¬ vented and executed by Schwartz, for the wife of William Duke of Bavaria, more than 200 years fince, which was afterwards engraved by Sadeler. The choir is folemn, and handfomely decorated. The windows, each of which contains fix figures, almoft as large as life, of Primitive Fathers, Saints, Mar¬ tyrs, and Apoftles, are finely painted in the tafte, and about the time, of that juft defcribed. Thefe win¬ dows formerly belonged to the ante-chapel, the two near the altar excepted, which were lately done, being all removed hither, A. D. 1741. In the con- fufion of the civil wars, the original choir windows were taken down and concealed. They did not, however, efcape the rage of fanaticiffn and ignorance : they were unluckily difcovered by a party of Crom¬ well’s troopers, who fpreading them along the cloif- ters, jumped through them in their jack-boots, with the utmofl fatisfa&ion, and entirely deftroyed them. The altar-piece was performed by Ifaac Fuller, about 90 years ago. It reprefents the refurre£lion, and, I fufpedf, never received the laft finifhing. It evi¬ dently wants grace and compofition, and has too much of the Flemifh colouring and expreffion. Many of the figures are however finely drawn. This pain¬ ting is elegantly celebrated by Mr. Addifon, formerly a Student of this Houfe, in a Latin poem, printed in the Mufa Anglican#. Under this piece is another admirable picture of our Lord bearing the crofs, fup- po fed to be the work of Guido. It was taken at Vigo: and being brought into England by the late Duke of Ormond, came into the pofTeilion of Wil¬ liam Freeman, Efq; of Hamels in Hertfordfnire, who gave it to the fociety. The altar is fitted up in the modern ftyle, with a well-executed wainfcot, arid columns, of the Corinthian Order, charged with other elegant embellishments. It is defigned to wainfcot ' the NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 27 the whole Choir in the fame manner. Choir-fervice is performed in this Chapel at eleven and four every day: except, that on Sundays and Holidays, the morning fervice is fung at eight, as it is in all the Choirs of the Univerfity. The Hall is a (lately Gothic Room, well propor¬ tioned, and handfomely finifhed. It has four whole length Portraits, viz. of the Founder, Dr. Butler, William Freeman, Prince Rupert; and two half- lengths, viz. Bifhop Warner, and Dr. Hammond. Great pains have been taken to unriddle the latent meaning of the Hieroglyphics which furround the cloyfter. Some affirm, that they are nothing more than the licentious invention of the Mafon ; while others as warmly contend, that they contain a com¬ plete fydem of academical difcipline. From this Court, through a narrow padage on the north, we are led into a beautiful opening, one fide of which is bounded by a noble and elegant edifice in the modern tafle, confiding of three (lories, and 300 feet in length. The front reds on an Arcade, whofe roof is finely fluccoed. It is intended to add two other Tides ; but as the prefent Opening to the mea¬ dows and hills on the right, produces fo charming an effe< 5 l, we could almoft wifh the College might never execute their original defign. Through the centre of this building we pafs into the Grove, or Paddock, which is formed into many delightful walks and lawns, and (locked with about thirty or forty head of deer. No college enjoys a more agreeable or extenfive Environ. Befides the Grove, jull mentioned, there is a meadow within the College-precin&s, confiding of about thirteen acres, furrounded by a pleafant walk, called the Water-walk. The whole circuit of the walk is wafhed by branches of the Cherwell, and has many pretty rural profpe£ls, one of which, from the cad, may be feen in the plate annexed. This' a8 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. w alk is {haded with hedges and lofty trees, which in one part grow wild, and in the other are cut and dif- pofed regularly. A beautiful opening has lately been made on the weft fide into the College-grove, by de- moliftiins: the old embattled wall on the banks of O the river. This College was founded by William Patten, a native of Wainfleetdn Lincolnfhire, from whence he has been ufually {filed William of Waindeet. He was educated at Winchefter School, and afterwards took his degrees at Oxford, but in what college cannot at this diftance of time be determined with cer¬ tainty. He was firft preferred to the Mafterfhip of Winchefter School; from thence made Provoft of Eton College ; advanced to the Bifhoprick of Win¬ chefter, A. D. 1447 > an d conftituted Lord High Chancellor of England, A. D. 1446. He founded the College, A. D. 1456, for the fupport of one Prefident, forty Fellows, thirty De¬ mies, eligible from any fchool or county, a Divinity Ledlurer, a School-mafter and Ufher, four Chap¬ lains, one Organift, eight Clerks, and fixteen Cho- iifters. It was eredted on the fite of St. John’s Hof- pital, in remembrance of which, a fermon is annually preached in the College on St. John’s day. Part of the original w r alls of the Paid Hofpital are yet to be feen on the fouth fide of the Chapel. The original endowment was mod munificent; which yet has been augmented by many confiderable benefactors. The moil diftinguilhed are Henry VI. William Fitz Alan Earl of Arundel, Claymond, Ivlorwent, &c. Cardinal Wolfey, when Burfar of the College, A. D. 1492, eredled the Tower, which B exceeded by none in ftrength, height, and beauty ; lid contains a mufical peal of ten bells. The College at this time confifts of a Prefident, forty Fellows, thirty Demies, a Divinity Ledlurer, a School Mafter, an Ufher, four Chaplains, an Or- NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 29 ganift, eight Clerks, and fixteen Chorifters. The whole number of ftudents about 120. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Winchefter. *$* •$*«$• UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. T H E magnificent front of this College is ex¬ tended upwards of 260 feet along the fouth fide of the High Street. In it, at due diftances, are two ftately portals, with a tower over each. That on the weft leads into the old court, which is a hand- fome Gothick Quadrangle, of 100 feet fquare. Over the gate, at our entrance, on the outfide, is a ftatue of Queen Anne, and within another of James II. Over the eaftern entrance, on the outfide, is alfo an admirable ftatue of Queen Mary, wife of William III. On the fouth of the Weftern Quadrangle are the Chapel and Hall. The ftatue of St. Cuthbert is over the gate of the Chapel, and that of Allred at the entrance of the hall. The Altar window v/as given by Dr. RadclifFe, as appears by its infeription, A. D. 1687. The roof of the Chapel is a well-wrought frame of Norway oak. 7 'he Hall is a plain, but decent room, adorned with a portrait of King Alfred, and their Benefadfors. It is of the age of the Chapel. From this court, through a narrow paflage on the eaft, we are led into another area of time Tides. It is opened to a garden on the fouth. The eaft, and Part of the north fide, is taken up by the lodgings of the Mafter, which are commodious and extenfive. In a niche over the gate on the north, is a ftatue of Dr. RadclifFe. The fides of this court are about 80 feet. King Alfred is faid to have founded this College, A. D. 872. It is evident that he eredted certain Halls in Oxford, near, or on, the fpot where this C 3 College 30 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. College now ftands; and that he endowed the Un¬ dents of them with certain penftons iftuing from the Exchequer. But it is no lefs certain that thefe Halls were alienated to the Citizens, and that their penftons were fupprefted about the reign of the Conqueror. In fadf, the Founder of this College appears to be Wil¬ liam Archdeacon of Durham, who purchafing, A. D. 1219, one of the Halls which had been originally eredied by Alfred, and very probably ftiled Univerfity Hall, of the citizens, endo wed it with lands. A fo- ciety being thus eftablifhed, many other benefadtors afterwards appeared, who improved the revenues and buildings. Of thefe the moll confiderable are Walter Skirlow, Bifhop of Durham, who founded three fel¬ lowfhips. Henry Piercy, Earl of Northumberland, A. D. 1443? a ^ded the fame number. Sir Simon Bennet, in the Reign of Charles I. eftablifhed four fellowfhips, and four fcholarfhips. Many others have likewife founded fellowfhips and exhibitions. As to the buildings, the prefent fpacious fplendid and uniform ftrudfure, began to be eredted, A. D. 1634, by the benefadtion of Charles Greenwood, formerly Fellow, and was foon carried on by Sir Si¬ mon Bennet abovementioned. Nor were fucceed- ing patrons wanted to continue fo noble a work; ’fill it was finally compleated by Dr. John RadclifFe, who eredfed the whole eaftern Quadrangle entirely at his own Expence. He likewife fettled on the College 600 1 . per Annum, for two travelling fellowfhips. The prefent fociety confifts of a Mafter, twelve Fellows, feventeen Scholars, with many other Stu¬ dents, amounting in the whole, to near 70. Vifitor. The King. QJJEE N*s NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 31 Q.U E E N’s COLLEGE. O PPOSITE to Univerfity College, on the North fide of the High Street, flands Queen’s College. The front, which is formed in the ftyle of the Luxemburgh Palace, is at once magnificent and elegant. In the middle of it is a fuperb Cupola, the conftruction of which is by fome thought too heavy for the reft. Under it is a ilatue of the late Queen Caroline. Th« firft court is 140 feet in length, and 130 in breadth. A beautiful cloifter furrounds this court except on the north fide. Over the weftern cloif¬ ter are the Provoft’s Lodgings, which are fpacious and fplendid. The north fide is formed by the Chapel and Hall, and finely finifhed in the Doric Order. In the centre, over a Portico leading to the north court, ftands a handfome Cupola fuppor- ted by eight Ionic Columns. The Chapel is 100 feet long, and 30 broad. It is ornamented in the Corinthian Order, with a beautiful cieling of fretwork. The windows are all of fine old painted glafs, viz. 1518; that over the altar excepted, reprefenting our Lord’s Nativity, which was executed by Mr. Price, A. D. 1717. The moft remarkable are two on the north fide, of the laft Judgment, and two on the fouth, of the Afcenfion. Thefe, v/ith the reft, were removed hi¬ ther from the old Chapel. There is an Afcenfion in the roof by Sir James Thornhill. The Hall is fitted up in the Doric Order, and has an admirable proportion. It is 60 feet long, and 30 broad, with an arched roof, of a corref- pondent height. It is furnifhed with excellent Por¬ traits of the Founder and Benefactors. Over the fcreen is a handfome gallery, intended for mufic, C 4 and 34 NEW OXFORD GUIDE, The ftrft, or old court, is a decent Gothic edifice 124 feet in length, and 72 in breadth. The Chapel on the north fide is a ftately pile. The Ante-Chapel, in which are fome remarkable monuments, is 70 feet long, and 30 broad. We enter the Inner-Chapel, which is of the fame dimenfions, by a grand flight of marble fteps, through a fcreen conftrucfted by Sir Chriftopher Wren. The fpacious environ of the Al¬ tar coniifts of the richeft red-veined marble. Above is a fine Aflumption-piece of the Founder, by Sir James Thornhill. On the right and left, at our ap¬ proach to the Altar, are two inimitable Urns by the fame hand, refpe&ively reprefenting, in their bas- reliefs, the inflitution of the two facraments. Be¬ tween the windows, on each fide, are figures of faints in claro-obfcuro, bigger than the life. The deling is difpofed into compartments embellifhed with carving and gilding. The whole has an air of much fplendor and dignity, and is viewed to the beft advan¬ tage from the fcreen. The Hall, which forms one fide of an area to the eaft, is an elegant modern room. It is furnifhed with Portraits of the munificent Founder, Colonel Codiington, and Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. At the high- table is an hiftoricai piece by Sir James Thornhill, whofe fubjed is the finding of the law*. The fi¬ gure of Jofias, rending his robe, is animated and expreflive. Over the chimney-piece, which is hand- fomely executed, in dove-coloured marble, is a buft of the Founder; on one fide is a bufl: of Linacre, formerly fellow, a famous phyfician in the reign of Henry VIII. and on the other, of John Leland, a ce¬ lebrated antiquarian and polite fcholar, about the fame reign ; fuppofed to have been a member of this Houfe. The reft of the room is adorned with an admirable feries of bufts from the Antique. * 2 Kings, xxii. 11» The NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 35 The adjoining Buttery is worthy our obfervation ; it is a well-proportioned room, of an oval form, ha¬ ving an arched roof of ftone, ornamented with curi¬ ous workmanlhip. It was built with the hall. The fecond court is a magnificent Gothic Qua¬ drangle, 172 feet in length, and 155 in breadth. On the fouth are the Chapel and Hall; on the weft a Cloifter, with a grand Portico ; on the north a Li¬ brary ; and on the eaft two fuperb Gothic Towers, in the centre of a feries of fine apartments. The Library forms the whole North fide of this Court. It is 200 feet in length, 30 in breadth, and 40 in height; and finiftied in the moft fplendid and elegant manner. It’s outfide, in correfpondence to the reft of the court, is Gothic. The room itfelf is furniflied with two noble arrangements of book-cafes, one above the other, fupported by Doric and Ionic pilafters. The upper clafs is formed in a fuperb gal¬ lery, which furrounds three Tides. About the middle of the room, on the north fide, is a recefs equal to the breadth of the whole room ; and in it’s area is placed the ftatue of Colonel Codrington, the Foun¬ der of the Library. T he deling, and fpaces between the windows, are ornamented with the richeft ftucco, by Mr. Roberts. Over theGallery, a feries of Bronzes is interchangeably difpofed, confiding of Vafes, and the Bufts of many eminent men, formerly fellows of this Houfe. We have here annexed a catalogue, and account of thefe BUSTS; beginning from the left hand of the eaftern window. 1. Sir Anthony Shirley , Knight, A. B. Count of the Empire, and AmbafTador from Schach Abbas Emperor of Perjia, to the Chrijlian Princes; in the Reign of James 1 . admitted Fellow, 1582. 2. Sir William Petre, Knight, LL.D. Secretary of State to Henry VIII. and Ed-voard VI. and Privy Counfel- lor to Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth, 1523. C 6 3. George 36 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 3. George Clarke , LL.D. Secretary of War, and after¬ wards, in the Reign of Queen Anne , one of the Lords of the Admiralty, Secretary to Prince George of Denmark. and in five Parliaments Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1680. 4. Sir Daniel Dunn, Knight, LL.D. Dean of the Ar¬ ches, and one of the firft Burgeffes in Parliament for the Univerfity, 1567. 5. Henry Coventry, Efq; LL.B. EmbafTador at Paris, and Secretary of State in the Reign of Charles II. 1634. 6. Sir Robert Weft on , Knight, LL.D. Dean of the Arches, and Lord Chancellor of Ireland , 1536. 7. Sir William Trumbul, Knight, LL.D. AmbafTadour ' to the French and Turkijh Courts, in the Reign of James II. Secretary of State to King William III. and Burgefs of the Univerfity, 1657. 8. Charles Talbot , LL.D. Baron of Henfol, and Lord High Chancellor of England , 1704. 9. Sir Chriftopher Wren , Knight, the famous Aroin¬ ted, LL.D. and Savilian Profeffor of Adronomy, 1653. 10. Richard Steward, LL.D. Dean of St. Pauls, Pro- vod of Eton , Clerk of the Clofet to Charles I. and Com- mifiioner for Ecclefiaflical Affairs at the Treaty at Ux¬ bridge, 1613. 11. Thomas Tanner, D. D. Bifhop of St. Afaph, 1696. 12. James Goldwell, LL.D. Bifhop of Norwich , and Secretary of State to Edward IV. 1441. 13. Gilbert Sheldon, D. D. Archbifhop of Canterbury, and Chancellor of the Univerfity, 1622. 14. Brian Duppa, D. D. Bifhop of Winchefter, Pre¬ ceptor to Charles II. when Prince of Wales, and Lord Almoner, 1612. 15. David Pole, LL.D. Dean of the Arches and Bi- Ihop of Peterborough, 1520. 16 Jeremy Taylor, D. D. Bifhop of Down and Con¬ nor, 1635. 17. John Norris, A. M. Re&or of Bemerton, Wilts , 1680. 18. Thomas S ;denham, M. A. 1648. 19. Thomas Lynaker, M. A. Founder of the College of Phyficians, London, 1484. 20. Sir Clement Edmonds, Knight, A. M. Secretary of the NEW OXFORD GUIDE. '' the Council, in the Reign of James I. and Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1590. 21 Sir William Byrde , Knight, LL.D. Dean of the Arches, and Burgefs for the Univerfity, 1578. 22. Sir Nathaniel Lloyd , Knight, LL.D Judge Advo¬ cate and Mailer of Trinity Hall , in Cambridge , 1689. 23. Robert Hovenden, D. D. Warden of All Souls , 1565. 24. Sir John Mafon , Knight, M. B. Privy Counfellor to Henry VIII. Edward VI. Queen Mary , and Queen Elizabeth, and the firft Lay Chancellor of the Univerfity of Oxford , 15 2 x. To thefe we muff add a beautiful Buff of the Founder, in white Marble, placed over the grand entrance, and executed by Mr. Roubilliac. Before we quit this court, the Common Room de- ferves our notice 3 which is a grand apartment, being a cube cf 26 feet, and lighted by a large Venetian window. It is fituated between the two towers above mentioned. The Warden’s lodgings, which front the High- Street, are commodious and handfome, being for¬ merly the Dwelling-Houfe of Dr. Clarke, formerly fellow, and given by him for the ufe of the Wardens of this Houfe fucceflively. This College was founded by Henry Chichely, a native of Higham Ferrers in Northamptonfhire, and one of Wykeham’s original Fellows of New College 3 and, through a ccurfe of preferments, at length Arch- bifhop of Canterbury j for one Warden, 40 Fellows, two Chaplains, three Clerks, and fix Chorifters, A. D. 1437. ^ is Ailed in the Charter, 46 The 44 College of the Souls of all the Faith- 44 FUL DEPARTED, &c.” For the more liberal endowment of this Society, the Founder procured of Henry the fixch, a grant of the Revenues of many of the diffolved alien Priories. He expended belide purchafe-money for the fite, &c. the fum of 4545 1. 15 s. 5 d. in ihe Buildings of his College 3 namely, the 3 S NEW OXFORD GUIDE. the prefent old court, and the original refeCtory, which, with a cloyfter fince removed, enelofed part of the area of the new quadrangle^ At his de- ceafe he bequeathed it 1341. 6 s. 8 d. and one hundred Marks. The principal Benefactors are Colonel Chriftopher Codrington, Governor of the Leeward Illands, for¬ merly Fellow, who, befides a valuable Collection of. Books, granted by Will 6000 1 . for building the Li¬ brary, and added 4000b for purchafing books: Dr. George Clarke, the late Duke of Wharton, Dod- dington Greville, Lieutenant Colonel Stewart, and Sir Nathaniel Lloyd. Of the combined munificence of all, or moft of thefe, the fecond court, above de- fcribed, is an illuftrious Monument. We muft not omit a remarkable ceremony which is annually celebrated in this College ; the folemn Commemoration of the difcovery of a Mallard of an extraordinary fize, in a drain or fewer, at the time of digging for the foundation of the walls. This pe¬ culiar cuftom we are rather induced to mention, as it has given occafion to a Pamphlet of infinite wit and humour, entitled, “ A complete Vindication of the “ Mallard of AH Souis College, &c.” * That learned Antiquarian, the Reverend Mr. Poin¬ ter, ReCtor of Slapton in Northamptonshire, had inr finuated, that this Mallard was, in faCt, a Goofe. A fuggeftion not lefs falfe than injurious; and which the author of our pamphlet has clearly confuted, from the authentic account which Thomas of Walfing- ham has given of every circumftapce relating to the original detection of this wonderful Bird, in a manu- fcript faid to be repofited in the Bodleian Library. Whatever the real truth of the controverfy may be, it is well known that every year, on the 14th day of January, an entertainment is provided in the even- * Printed for J. Fletcher in the Turk, Oxon, ing, NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 39 ing, and an excellent old Ballad, adapted to ancient Mufic, is fung in remembrance of the Mallard . This is called the Mallard Night, This College confifts of one Warden, 40 Fellows, two Chaplains, three Clerks, and fix Chorifters. No independent ftudents are admitted. Vifitor. The Archbifhop of Canterbury. ##########*########## BRAZEN-NOSE COLLEGE. B RAZEN Nofe College conftitutes the weft fide of the Radcliffe fquare. It has two courts. The firft, which is the original one, confifts of the lodgings of the Principal, and chambers of the Fel¬ lows and Students, and the Refe&ory, which, is ele¬ gantly fitted up, and adorned with portraits. Over it’s portico are two antique bufts ; the one of Alfred, who built little Univerfity Hall, or King’s Hall, on the fite of which the prefent College is partly found¬ ed ; and the other of John Erigena a Scotchman, who firft read lectures in the faid Hall, A. D. 882. Over the door leading up to the Common Room, which was originally the Chapel, is the following inferip- tion, “ A°. xti 1509, et Reg. Hen. 8 pri°. 44 Nomine divino Lyncoln praeful, quoque Sutton, 44 Hanc pofuere petram Regis ad imperium. 1 i. e. 44 In the name of God, the Bifhop of Lincoln, 44 and Sutton, laid this ftone, at the command of the 44 King,” In the centre of this court is a ftatue of . Cain and Abel. We enter the fecond court through a paftage on the left hand of the gate of the firft, It is planned in a good tafte, and was probably the work of Sir Chriftopher Wren. The Cloifter on the eaft fide, fupports 4 o NEW OXFORD GUIDE. fupports the Library. On the fouth {lands the Cha¬ pel, which is at once neat and fplendid The roof, which, being a frame of wood, is an admirable imita¬ tion ©f Gothic flone-work, and the altar, with its decorations, particularly demand our attention. It was finifhed, A.D. 1667, as was the whole court. This College was founded, A.D. 1509, by Ri¬ chard Smith, Bifhop of Lincoln, and Richard Sutton, of Prefbury in Cheihire, Knight, for the maintenance of one Principal, and fifteen Fellows. To this num¬ ber fucceeding benefactors have added five Fellows, thirty-two Scholars, and four Exhibitioners. The late Principal, Dr. Shippen, was likewife a memora¬ ble BenefaCtor to this Houfe, by procuring it feveral advowfons. With regard to the very fingular Name of this Col¬ lege, it appears, that the Founders ereCted their Houfe on the fite of two antient Hoftels, or Halls; little Univerfity Hall, mentioned above, and Brazen-Nofe Hall. The latter of thefe acquired its name from fome (ludents removed to it from a Seminary, in the temporary Univerfity of Stamford, fo denominated, on account of an iron ring, fixed in a nofe of biafs, and ferving as a knocker to the gate. The prefent members of this Houfe, are one Principal, twenty Fellows, thirty two Scholars, and four Exhibitioners: together with above forty or fifty Students befides. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Lincoln. HERTFORD COLLEGE. T HIS College {lands oppofite to the grand gate of the Schools. It confifls of one irregular court, which has been lately beautified from a fund raifed NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 41 railed for that purpofe by the late Principal. Part of this court confifts of a fmall quantity of modem build¬ ings, viz. the fouth eaft angle, and the chapel erec¬ ted about 30 years fince; in the ftyle of which the whole College is to be rebuilt. A plan of the pro¬ jected Quadrangle mav be feen in the Oxford Alma¬ nack of the year MDCCXLVII. This Houfe was formerly called Hartford, or Hart Hall; founded by Walter Stapleton, Bifhop of Exe¬ ter, A. D. 1312, and belonged to Exeter College. Having received a Charter of Incorporation from Dr. Richard Newton, the late learned and public fpirited Principal, who has alfo configned an eftate towards its endowment, this ancient Hoftel was converted into a College, September 8, 1740. The founda¬ tion confifts of a Principal, four fenior Fellows or tutors, and junior Fellows or aftiftants, befides a cer¬ tain number of ftudents or fcholars. There are at piefent about thirty Members. Vifitor. The Chancellor of the Univerfity. NEW COLLEGE. N EW College is fituated eaftward of the Schools, and is feparated from Queen’s College, by a narrow lane on the fouth. The firffc court is about 168 feet in length, and 129 in breadth. In the centre is a ftatue of Mi¬ nerva, given by Sir Henry Parker, of Honington in Warwickfhire. The north fide, which confifts of the Chapel and Hall, is a noble fpecimen of Gothic mag¬ nificence. The tw'o upper ftories of the eaft: fide form ihe Library. On the weft: are the lodgings of the Warden, which are commodious and ample, adorned with many valuable portraits. The third ftory of this court was added to the Founder’s original build¬ ing, A. D. 1674. We 42 NEW OXFORD GUIDE, We enter the Chapel at the north-weft angle This Chapel exceeds all in the Univerfity. The Ante-Chapel, which is fupported by four pillars of fine proportion, runs at right angles to the Choir, and is 80 feet long and 36 broad. The Choir, which we enter by a Gothic Screen of beautiful con • ftrudfion, is 100 feet long, 35 broad, and 65 high. From hence the painting over the attar, done about 60 years ago, by Mr. Henry Cook, is feen to the beft advantage. It confifts of a Salutation Piece, be¬ hind which the painter has artfully thrown the con- cave of a well ornamented dome, in which the Cha¬ pel appears to terminate. Nor is the deception con¬ trived with lefs art in the two pannels on each fide of the altar, which feem to difcover fome diftant opening. The a’tar itfelf is approached by a noble flight of marble fteps. It is enclofed by a well- wrought rail of iron-work, the gift of Mr. Terry, formerly fellow, and is covered with a rich pall of ciimfon velvet, given by Dr. Burton, the prefent head mafter of Winchefter School. From this filia¬ tion, the organ, with the ftall-work underneath, has a ftriking efredl. Nor are the flails, with their orna¬ ments, on either fide, unworthy of the reft, being remarkably elegant in the flyle of the light Gothic. The windows on the fouth fide are mod beautifully painted by Mr. Price of London; each window re¬ presenting eight figures of Saints and Martyrs, with their refpecSlive fymbols and infignia, large as the life. It is intended P>y the Society to finifh all the remaining windows in the fame fuperb ftyle. The Ante-cha¬ pel will alfo receive great ornament from a new weftern window now painting with the fubjedt of the Offering of the wife men , by Mr. Peckett of York. Choir-fervice is performed here every day at eleven and five, and is probably no where performed with more folemnity, or heard to better advantage. The organ is a mo ft admirable inftrument, ereded by the NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 43 the famous Dolham ; and fince improved with the addition of the clarion-flop find fwelling organ, by Mr John Byfield. Near the Chapel is a noble Cloyfter which confti- tutes a Quadrangle, 146 feet in length on two Tides, and 105 the other two, with a garden in the area. Contiguous to it, on the north, is a large and lofty tower, with ten bells. The Hall, to which we pafs at the north eaft fide of the Quadrangle, is of excellent proportion, being 78 feet in length, 35 in breadth, and 43 in height. It’s wainfeot, which was erected about the reign of Henry VIII. is curious, and much in chara&er. At the eaft end are poitraits of the munificent Founder William ofWykeham ; Wiiliam of Wainfleet, Foun¬ der of Magdalen College, who was Schooi-mafter of Wykeham’s College at Winchefter; and Henry Chichely, the Founder of All Souls College, fellow of New College, while the Founder was yet living. The two rooms of which the Library before men¬ tioned confifts, are 70 feet long, and 22 broad. T his Library is furnifhed with a fine colle&ion, and well known to the Learned for its many valuable manuferipts. In the Library is fhewn the Crofier of the Founder, one of the nobleft cujiofities, and almoft the only one of its kind, now remaining in this kingdom. It is nearly feven feet in height, is of filver gilt, embel¬ lished with variety of the richeft Gothic Workman- fhip, and charged with figures of angels, and the tu- tular faints of the Cathedral Chu r ch of Winchefter, executed with an elegance equal to that of a more modern age. It is finely preferved, and from a length of almoft 400 years, has loft but little of its original fplendor and beauty. From this Quadrangle we pafs into the Garden- court. This beautiful area, by means of a fuccef- fion of retiring wings, difplays itfelf gradually, as we approach 44 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. approach the Garden, from which it is feparated by a fumptuoiis iron pallifade, 130 feet in length. This court has a noble effed from the Mount in the Gar¬ den ; and the profped is ftill further improved by the appearance of the old Gothic Spires and Battlements, which overlook the new building from the Founder’s court. It began to be ereded A. D. 1682, at the expence of the college, affifted by many liberal contributions. The area before the Mount is a curious fpecimen of the old parterre-tafte, and was laid out in the year 1628. It is divided into fpur quarters: In one are the King’s Arms, with the Garter and Motto ; in that oppofite to it thofe of the Founder; on the third a Sun Dial; and on the fourth a Garden Knot; all which are formed in box. The Garden in general is judiciotilly difpofed. Great part of it, as likewife part of the College, is furrounded by the city-wall ; which from this circum- ftance of ferving as a fence or boundary to the Col¬ lege precinds, is here, and here only, preferved en¬ tire, with it’s battlements and baftions, to a confi- derable extent. On the fouth fide is a pleafant Bowling Green, fhaded to the weft by a row of Elms, and on the eaft by tall Sycamores, the branches of which being interwoven and incorporated with each other, from end to end, are juftly admired as a natural curiofity. This College was founded by William Wykeham, a native of Wykeham, a fmall town in Hampfhire, whence he was probably called William of Wykeham. Befides other ample preferments to which he was ad¬ vanced by the favour of Edward III. he was confti- tuted Keeper of the Privy Seal, Bifhop of Winchef- ter, and Lord High Chancellor of England. Ha¬ ving liberally maintained feventy Students, in feveral Halls of the Univerfity, particularly Hart-Hall, and New NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 45 New Inn Hall, for fome years, he obtained a Char¬ ter to found a College in Oxford, for a Warden, fe- venty Fellows, ten Chaplains, three Clerks, fixteen Chorifters, and one Sexton. The foundation ftone was laid on the 5th day of March, A. D. 1379. The College was entirely finifhed A. D. 1386 ; and on the 14th day of April in the fame year, at the hour of nine in the morning, the fociety took pofteftion of it, chanting in folemn procellion. In the following year, he founded another noble College at Win- ehefter, for the liberal fupport of a Warden, ten Fellows, three Chaplains, one School-Mafter, one Ufher, feventy Scholars, three Clerks, and fixteen Chorifters j and ordained it to be a perpetual femi- nary for fupplying the vacancies of his College at Oxford. This illuftrious patron of Literature and Virtue, crowned the beneficence of his life, by be¬ queathing in his laft Will, legacies to the amount of 6000 1. a prodigious fum in that age, for various charitable purpofes. He furviveu the foundation of his Colleges feveral years, and died September 27, A. D. 1404. The piincipal benefa&ors are, John Buckingham, Bifhop of Lincoln, A. D. 1388. Thomas Becking- ton, A. D. 1440. Thomas Jane, A. D. 1494. Clement Harding, A. D 1507. Wareham Arch- bifhop of Canterbury ; Shirbourne Bifhop of Chi- chefter; John Smith, William Flefhmonger, with many others. This College, dedicated to St. Mary Winton, has been called iVm’-College, from it’s hrft foundation; being at that time an object of public curioiity, and far fuperior in point of extent and grandeur, to any college that had then appeared. It was the firft ef¬ fort to magnificence ever exhibited in Oxford ; and probably Merton was, before this, the moft fplendid college in the Univerftty, though then by no means adorned with buildings as at prefent. The reft of the 46 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. the colleges then exifting, viz. Balliol, Univerfity, Queen’s, Exeter, and Oriel, were very fmall and tn- confiderable ftrudtures. The members of this College are one Warden, fe- venty \ Fellows, ten Chaplains, three Clerks, fixteen ChoriiWs, and one Sexton j together with many Gentlemen Commoners. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Winchefter. WADHAM COLLEGE. T HIS College Bands in the northern fubuvb called Holywell, the front being oppofite to Trinity Gardens. Under a (lately central tower we enter the Quadrangle, which is nearly 130 feet fquare. A Portico, decorated with the ftatue of the Foun¬ der, the Foundrefs, James I. and other ornaments, leads us to the Hall. This a fpacious and lofty Go¬ thic Room, furnilhed with fome valuable Portraits. From hence we pafs into a Cloifter, which confti- tutes one fide of a fmall area ; the Chapel being on the left, and the Kitchen, with the Library over ir, on the right. The Cloifter, with its fuperftrudture, in the midft of which is a handfome Common Room, forms a fort of eaft-front, from whence we have a beautiful profpe. j 557, for the maintenance of one Prefident, fifty Fellows, three Chaplains, three Clerks, and fix Chorifters, &c. Two of the Fetlowfhips are or¬ dered to be fupplied from Coventry, two from Brif* tol, two from Reading, and one from Tunbridge : the reft from Merchant Taylors School in London. D 4 The $6 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. The benefa&ors have been very numerous, and no lefs confiderable. Sir William Paddy, Knight, found¬ ed and endowed the prefent Choir; that originally eftablifhed by the Founder, having been diilolved by unanimous confent of the fociety, A. D. 15775 tbe revenues of the college being found inefficient for it’s maintenance. Archbifhop Laud erected the fecond court, it’s fouth fide excepted, which was built, A. D. 1595, with the flones of the Carmelite friery in Glouceifer-green; the Company of Merchant Taylors in London, amongft feveral other benefac¬ tions, contributing two hundred pounds. Archbi- ihop Juxon gave 7000 1 . to augment the Fellowfhips 5 Dr. Holmes, formerly Prefident, with his Lady, gave 150001. for improving the falaries of the officers, and other purpofes. And Dr. Rawlinfon above- mentioned, granted the reveriion of a large eftate in Fee Farm Rents. The College has likewife largely experienced the beneficence of many others, who have liberally contributed towards the improve¬ ment of it’s building and revenues. It fhould be remembered, that this College was founded on the fite of Bernard’s College, ere£ted A. D. 14375 by Archbifhop Chichely, the liberal Founder of AH Souls College. The prefent old qua¬ drangle, part of the eaft fide excepted, is the origi¬ nal edifice of Chichely ; no building being added, at the new foundation, by Sir Thomas White. The prefent members are, one Prefident, fifty Fel¬ lows, two Chaplains, one Organift, five Tinging Men, fix Chorifters, and two Sextons. The num¬ ber of Students is about 70. Vifitor. The Biffiop of Winchefter. WORCESTER NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 57 w ^ w w w w ^9r w ^ w w w w * * * WORCESTER COLLEGE. W Orcefter College is Situated at the extremity of the weftern Suburb, on an eminence which defcends to the river and meadows. The grand court, or area, confifts of three Sides, which are all to be completed in the modern tafte. At prefent the eas¬ tern fide only, together with half the north wing, is finifhed. On the weft it is propofed to form a Gar- den. Hoping to the water ; fo that a moft agreeable profpeCt will be opened to the College. The Li¬ brary is a beautiful Ionic edifice, ioo feet in length, fupported by a fpacious Cloifter. It is furnilhed with a fine Collection of books, the gift of Dr. Clarke, formerly fellow of All Souls College. Its greateft cu- riofity is Inigo Jones’s Palladio, with his own ma- nufcript notes in Italian. At our entrance into the College, we fee on each fide the rifing walls of the Chapel and Hall, both of which will be fifty feet in length, and twenty-five in breadth. On the whole, this Houfe, when executed according to the plan, will be a well-difpofed, ele¬ gant ftruCture. This College was founded, A. D. 1714, by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, of Bentley in Worcefterfhire, for one Provoft, fix Fellows, and fix Scholars. To thefe have fince been added, two Fellowfhips, and two Scholarfhips by Dr. Finney, 1 and two Exhibitions for Charterhoufe Scholars, by Lady Holford. But the principal benefaCtors have been Mrs. Eaton, Daughter of Dr. Eaton, Principal of Glocefter Hall, who founded fix Fellowfhips, A. D. 1735. And Dr Clarke, fellow of All Souls College, who gave fix Fellowfhips, and three Scholar¬ ships, A. D. 1736) befides other confiderable bequefts, D 5 This 5 b new oxford guide. This Houfe was originally called Glocefter College being a Seminary for educating the novices of Glo- cefter Monaftery, as it was likewife for thofe of other religious houfes. It was founded A. D. 1283, by John GifFard, Baron of Brimsfield. When fuppreF fed, at the Reformation, it was converted into a palace for the Bifhop of Oxford ; but was foon after¬ wards ere£ted into an Academical Hall, by Sir Tho¬ mas White, the Founder of St. John’s College ; in which ftate it continued, ’till it received a Charter of incorporation, and an endowment, from Sir Tho¬ mas Cookes. Here are one Provoft, twenty Fellows, feventeen Scholars, &c. The whole number about 40. Vifitor. The Chancellor of the Univerfity. EXETER COLLEGE. HIS College is fituated on the left fide within A the Turl from the north. In the centre of the front, which is 220 feet in length, is a beautiful gate of Ruftic work : over it is a tower, adorned with Ionic Pilafters, fupporting a femicircular pediment, in the area of which are the arms of the Founder on a fhield furrounded with fefloons. A light balluftrade finifhes the whole. This front deferves a better ap¬ proach than it’s confined fituation will allow. The woikmanfhip in the roof of the gateway is equal to the reft. This College confifts chiefly of one handfome modern Quadrangle ; one fide of which is the fame as the front juft defcribed. On the fouth is the Hall, which is long and lofty, and adorned with portraits. It was entirely built from the ground by Sir John Ackland, Knt. of Devonfhire, A. D, 1618. On NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 59 On the north is the Chapel, confiding of two iles one of which only is furniihed for divine fervice. It was ereCfed by Dr. Hake well, formerly ReClor, A. D. 1624. In the Library, which was formerly the Chapel, fituated in the inner court, is a fine collection of the Ciaifics, given by Thomas Richards, Efquire. The old entrance into the College was through the Tower which appears on the north ead angle of the Court, and for which a podern in the City-wall was opened. Near or about this Tower, the old College, as it is in fome meafure may be called, feems to have dood ; part of which dill remains adjoining to the Tower on either fide, that on the ead being the mod antient, ereCted A. D. 1404, and that on the wed, viz. the ReCtor’s lodgings, together with the tower itfelf, A. 1432. However, all thefe are dill more modern than any part of the Founder’s original druc- ture ; no remainder of which is to be feen at prefent, except a part of the Chapel, fince converted into the Library. The Gardens are neat, with an agreeable terrace, from whence a profped: is opened to fome of the fined buildings in the Univerfity. This College was founded by Walter Stapledon, Bi/hop of Exeter, Lord Treafurer of England, and Secretary of State to Edward II. for 13 Fellows, A. D« 1316. It was fird called Stapledon Hall, but ob¬ tained it’s prefent name from Edmond Stafford, Bi- fhop of Exeter, A. D. 1404, who gave two Fellow- fhips. Many other benefadfors have alfo liberally con¬ tributed towards extending the Foundation : the mod memorable of which is Sir William Petre, Knt. who, A. D. 1566, founded eight Fellowfhips, procuring at the fame time a more effedual Charter, and a new body of ftatutes. Nor Oiould the liberality of Charles I. be omitted, who annexed one fellowfhip, for the Blands of Guernfey and Jerfey. The 6o NEW OXFORD GUIDE. The College confifts, at prefent, of one ReSor, twenty-five Fellows, and a Bible Clerk, with two Exhibitioners. The ftudents of every fort, are about fifty. Vifitor. The Bilhop of Exeter. JESUS COLLEGE. T H E front of this College, which has been lately much improved, is oppofite to Exeter College, juft defcribed. In the firft court is the Hall, in which is a por¬ trait of Queen Elizabeth, with a cieling of well- executed ftucco, by Mr. Roberts; the Principal’s lodgings, in which is Ihewn a valuable picture of Charles I. at full length, by Vandyke; and the Cha¬ pel, which is handfomely furnifhed, and well propor¬ tioned. Of thefe, the firft was erecfted A. D. 1617 ; the fecond foon after the year 1621 ; and the laft was completed 1636. Three Tides of the inner court, begun by Dr. Man- fel, one of the Principals, a little before the Grand Rebellion, are finifhed in a decent and uniform man¬ ner. The library is on the weft fide, which is a well furniihed room, and adorned, among other portraits, with a curious pi&ure of Dr. Hugh Price, probably painted by Hans Holben. It has been engraved as fuch by Vertue. This College was founded, according to the pur¬ port of its Charter, dated June 27th, 1571, by Queen Elizabeth, for one Principal, eight Fellows, and eight Scholars. About the fame time it received an endow¬ ment of lands [175 /. per ann.] fince loft, from Hugh Price, L.L. D. a native of Brecknock, and Treafurer of the Church of St. David’s, who likewife eredled a part of the firft court, The NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 61 The chief benefa&ors are, Sir Eubule Thelwall, Knight, formerly Principal, who encreafed the num¬ ber of Fellows and Scholars from eight to fixteen ; Francis Manfell, D. D. Sir Leoline Jenkins, Charles I. and many others. The particular circumftances of whofe refpe&ive donations towards the improve¬ ment of the buildings, revenues, and difcipline of this Houfe, deferve a more copious panegyric, and a more diftincl difplay, than the nature and prefcrip- tions of this work will allow. In the Burfary is (hewn a magnificent piece of J plate, the gift of the late Sir WatkinWilliamsWynne ; alfo the Statutes of the College, moft exquifitely writ¬ ten on vellum, by the Rev. Mr. Parry, of Shipfton upon Stow’re, formerly Fellow. This College confifts of one Principal, nineteen Fellows, eighteen Scholars, with many Exhibitioners, and independent Students. The whole number about ninety. Vifitor. The Earl of Pembroke. | • LINCOLN COLLEGE. L INCOLN College is fituated between All Saints Church and Exeter College, and confifts of two Quadrangles. The firft, which we enter under a plain but decent tower, is formed, exclufive of Cham¬ bers, by the lodgings of the Re< 5 tor, ftanding in the fouth-eaft angle, and erecfed by Thomas Beckington, Bifhop of Bath and Wells, A. D. 1465 ; the Li¬ brary and Common Room on the north, and Refec¬ tory on the eaft. The Library, under which is the Common Room, is fmall, but neatly decorated, and contains many curious manufcripts, chiefly given by Thomas Gaf- coigne. 62 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. coigne, A. D. 1432. It was finifhed, as it appears at prefent, by the liberality of Sir Nathaniel Lloyd, firft a Commoner of this, and afterwards Fellow of All Souls College, A. D. 1738. This room was originally the Chapel, and was converted into a Li¬ brary at the expence of Nathaniel Lord Crew, when Fellow, A. D. 1656. The Hall was eredfed by John Williams, Bifhop % of Lincoln, A. D. 1631. It was handfomely wain- fcotted by Bifhop Crew, A. D. 1701, whole arms appear over the middle of the fcreen ; and thofe of the reft of the contributors are interfperfed about the mouldings. It is 40 feet in length, 25 in breadth, and proportionable in height. From this court, which forms a fquare of 80 feet, we enter through the fouth fide, the fecond, which is about 70 feet fquare. On the fouth-fide of this Quadrangle is the Chapel, which particularly deferves our attention. It was built by Bifhop Williams abovementioned, A. D. 1631. The fcreen is of ce¬ dar elegantly carved. The windows are of painted glafs, complete, and well preferved, done A. D. 1632. Thofe on the north reprefent twelve of the Prophets, and thofe on the fouth the twelve Apoftles, large as life. The eaft window exhibits a view of the types relative to our Saviour, with their refpedtive comple¬ tions, viz. 1. From the left hand, the Nativity ; and under it, the Hiftory of the Creation its antitype. 2. Our Lord’s Baptifm ; and under it, the Pafting of the Ifraejites through the Red Sea. 3. The Jewifh Paffover ; and under it the Inftitution of the Lord’s Supper. 4. The Brazen Serpent in the Wildernefs ; correfponding to --Chrift on the Crofs. 5. Jonas delivered from the Whale’s belly, expreftive of- Chrift’s Refurredtion. 6. Elijah in the fiery chariot, with — Our Lord’s Afcenfion. The roof confifts of compartments in cedar, em- bellifhed with the arms of the different Founders and NEW OXFORD GUIDE. 63 and Benefactors, and interchangeably enriched with cherubims, palm-branches, and feftoons, diverfified with painting and gilding. There is an admirable proportion, and elegance of execution, in the eight figures of cedar which are refpedfively placed at each end of the Defks, and reprefent Mofes, Aaron, the four Evangelifts, St. Peter and St. Paul. This College was founded, A. D. 1429, by Ri¬ chard Flemming, a native of Royfton in Yorkfhire, and Bifhop of Lincoln, for the maintenance of one ReCtor, feven Fellows, and two Chaplains ; and irv tended as a feminaiy for the education of fcholars, who fhould oppofe the doCtrine of Wickliffe. But the Founder dying before he had fully eftablifhed his little fociety, the College, left in an indigent Condition, with fome difficulty fubfifted for a few years on the (lender endowment which he had configned to it, and the addition of fome fmall benefaClions, afterwards made by others. At length Thomas Rotherham, Bi- fhop of Lincoln, more effeCfually fupplied it’s necef- fities by improving both the buildings and revenues ; adding moreover five Fellowfhips, and affigning a new body of ftatutes, dated 1479, by which, and and other fervices, he fo raifed Flemming’s orphan foundation, as juftly to deferve the name of a Co¬ founder. Their BenefaCfors are, William Dagvyle, Mayor of Oxford ; William Smith, Bifhop of Lincoln, and Founder of Brazen-Nofe-College, who, it is faid, intended to have beftowed all that he gave to his own College, on this of Lincoln ; Edmund Audley, Bi¬ fhop of Salifbury ; Jane Trappes ; with many others : But their principal Benefactor is Nathaniel Lord Crew, Bifhop of Durham ; who, about the year 1717, added to the Headfhip an annual allocation of twenty pounds ; to the twelve Fellowfhips ten pounds each ; and to the feven Scholarfhips, and Bible Clerk- fhip, five pounds each. He like improved the four College 64 NEW OXFORD GUIDE. College Curacies ; and moreover founded twelve Ex¬ hibitioners, with falaries of 20 1. per annum each. The fociety confifts at prefent of a Redlor, twelve Fellows, twelve Exhibitioners, and feven Scholars, with a Bible Clerk j befides independent members. Vifitor. The Bifhop of Lincoln. ORIEL COLLEGE. O RIEL College is fituated fouthwara of St. Mary’s Church, on the north fide of the front of Cor¬ pus Chrifti College ; it’s great gate being alrnoft op- pofite to the back gate of Chrift Church. It’s qua¬ drangle, which was erected in the year 1640, is uni¬ form and decent: The north fide confifts of the Pro- voft’s Lodgings, and the Library ; the eaft of the Hall, Buttery, and veftibule of the Chapel, which runs eaftward from thence; and the fouth and weft fides form the common apartments. We afcend the Hall by an ample flight of fteps, covered with a proportionable portico. It is hand- fomely wainfcotted in the Doric ftyle, and decorated at the upper end with a portrait of Edward II. dreiled in his regalia, by Hudfon ; one of Queen Anne, who annexed a Prebend of Rochefter to the Provoftfhip, by Dahl; and another of the late Duke of Beaufort, who is reprefented ere D. D. Late and prefent Matters of Baliol College. 1722. Jofeph Hunt , D. D. 1727. Theophilus Leigh, D. D. Late and prefent Prefidents of St. John’s Colleger* 1748. William Derham , D. D. 1758. Thomas Fry> D. D. Late and prefent Provotts of Worcefter College* 1714. Richard Ble chin den , D. C. L. 1739. William Gower , D. D. Late and prefent Reftors of Exeter College* 1737. James Edgecomb) D. D. 3750. Francis Webber , D. D. Late and prefent Principals of Jefus College* 3727. Thomas Pardo y D. D. 3 763. Humphrey Owen , D. D. Late and prefent Re married men for a folution of this difficulty. On A TOUR TO STOW. 219 On the left: Apparuit mihi, nupcr in Somnio Mulier cum nudis et anhelantibus moliiter Papillis et hianti fua- viter Vultu—eheu ! benedicite ! Cur gaudes, Satana, muhebrem fumere formam ? Non facies Voti cadi me rumpere normam. Heus ! fugite in Cellam ; pulchram vitate Puellam ; Nam Radix Mortis fuit olim Fcemina in Hortis. Vis fieri fortis ? Noli concumbere Scortis. In Sandlum Originem Eunuchum. Filius Ecclefiae Origines fortafte probetur; EfTe Patrem nunquam fe fine Tefte probet. Virtus Diaboli eft in Lumbis. That is, “ A girl with a naked and panting bofom lately appeared to me in a dream, &c. &c. “ Why, O Satan, do you chufe to appear in a female (hape ? You will never force me to break my vows of chaftity.—Hafte, fly into your cell, and efcape from the power of beauty ; for the root of death was heretofore a Woman in a Garden. m fimple principles, to difeover the laws never known before, and to explain the appearances, never under- ftood, of this ftupendous univerfe.” “ Sir FRANCIS BACON, Lord Verulam, who, by the flrength and light of a fuperiour genius, re¬ jecting vain fpeculaiions, and fallacious theory, taught to purfue truth, and improve philofophy by the cer¬ tain method of experiment.” In the niche of a Pyramid is placed a Mercury, with thefe words fubferibed : -Campos ducit ad Elyfios. That is, “ Leads to the Elyfian fields.” And below this figure is fixed a fquare of black marble, with the following lines : Hie manus ob patiiam pugnando vulnera pafli, Quique pii vates, et Phoebo digna locuti, lnventas aut qui vitam excolucre per artes, Quique fui memores alios fecere merendo. Here Chiefs, who bled to fave their Country, flrayj Here bards, who virtuous, pour’d the moral lay ; With thofe whom uleful arts confign’d to fame, And all whofe merits Memory loves to name. G 4 “ KING 3 28 A TOUR TO STOW. 44 KING ALFRED, the mildefl, jufleft, molt beneficent of kings ; who drove out the Danes , fecured the Teas, protected learning, eftablilhed juries, crufhed corruption, guarded liberty, and was the Founder of tbe Englijh conflitution.” ** EDWARD, Prince of JVales , the terror of Eu¬ rope^ the delight of England ; who preferved, unal¬ tered, in the height of glory and fortune, his natural gentleneTs and modefly.” 44 QUEEN ELIZABETH, who confounded the proje