'&' PROFESSOR SATTLER'S These Works of ART consist of an EXTENSIVE COLLECTION of LANDSCAPES and SEA VIEWS, taken from Nature by Professor SATTLER, of Vienna. They have been made during many years of travel through Europe, Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, Syria, the Holy Land, Egypt, Nubia and Arabia ; and are painted in oil, with great accuracy. LAST SERIES. No. 1. — Mount More!) and Convent St. Catherine. This mountain forms a kind of foundation, from which Sinai rises. The former alone is seen from the valley, which accounts for the appearance of the burning bush on that mountain, and not on Sinai. The elevation of the Convent above the sea, is about 4,966 feet. It has been built in the form of a square fortress of hewn granite and flanked with towers, of which one or two are provided with cannon. Thus situated in a country where, from the general helplessness of the monks, it would not remain un- molested by the Arabs for a single day, strength forms its chief security, for it is accessible only by a projecting trap-door, guarded by another of iron about 30 feet above the ground. The means of access are a loop-rope and capstan, by which the traveller is drawn up. The Convent is large, and resembles a small town, containing many buildings, several courts and store-houses, a mosque and a chapel. It has an inexhaustible supply of pure water from a well, which is said to be that of Jethro, the father- in-law of Moses, to which the great lawgiver led his flocks, while he was yet living in obscurity in Midian. The convent has been built upon the spot where, according to tradition, God spake to Moses out of the burning bush. From the sacred character of the spot, many ascetics and anchorites established themselves in recesses in these mountains as early as the fourth century ; but the convent was established by Justinian A. D. 527, on the site where a small church had been built by the Empress Helena. The discipline of these monks is very severe. They are obliged to attend mass twice in the day and twice in the night. The rule is that they shall taste no flesh whatever all the year round, and in their fast they not only abstain from butter and every kind of animal food and fish, but also from oil, and live four days in the week on bread and boiled vegetables. The latter they obtain from a pleasant garden adjoining the building; the fruits are of the finest quality. There are now 23 monks, of which each has some profession and his own workshop. No. 2. — Interior View of the Church of the Iloly Sepulchre. This is a rotunda, with columns and pillars supporting a gallery; and over them is a cupola, with a round open window at the top. Just in the centre of this rotunda stands a chapel of red marble, twenty feet in length, six in breadth, and fifteen feet high, within which is the Holy Tomb of Jesus Christ. Over the entrance to this chapel extends a blue canopy, to protect the twelve gigantic candles against wind and rain. The church itself is a very irregular building, founded by the Empress Helena, and enlarged under the reign of the Christian kings. No. 3. — View of the Crater of the Volcano Vesuvius, near Naples, as it appeared in the Spring of 1845. The point of observation is just on the border of the crater. In the midst of this deep basin, a small conical volcano rises, emitting by turns, smoke, steam, lire, ashes, red-hot stones and melted materials, accompanied by sounds in the interior of the mountain. At the same time there rises at the foot of this fire- cone quantities of melted lava, which at length fills up the whole crater, and then flows over the border and down the slope of the volcano. No. 4. — The Ruins of Luxor, in Theban Egypt. Two miles from Karnak, near the bank of the river, stands its rival the Temple of Luxor. An avenue of sphinxes once extended from one to the other, but none of them now remain near Luxor. The gorgeous gateway of this Temple is 70 feet high. In front of this once stood two of the most perfect obelisks in the world, each consisting of a single block of red granite 80 feet high, and retaining in most beautiful perfection the mystic hieroglyphics with which they are adorned ; one of them, strangely enough, now rears its lonely point in the midst of the Place de la Concorde, in Paris. There are also two colossal statues which, though half buried, still measure 22 feet from the present level of the soil to the top of their fantastic helmets. The remains of this Temple are not nearly so extensive as those of Karnak, although much in the same style, the same sculptured wall, heavy pillars, and grotesque figures. At Luxor it is difficult to see the ruins, the wretched hovels of the modern Egyptians so encumber the stately columns and mystic walls of other days. The history of the past and present is written here. Magnificence and ruin rest side by side. No. 5. — View of a Sand-Storm in the Lybian Desert, near the Pyramids ©f GSMzch. Standing near the largest Pyramid, just in front and to the South is seen the gigantic Sphinx : from all sides rise immense whirls of sand, which threaten every moment to cover the Arab merchants, who hurry to reach the shelter of the pyramids. This wind, called Kamsin, generally rises in May or Juue. The atmosphere becomes thick and dense, and of a red color ; an intense heat prevails, and the puffs of wind seem to come from a burning furnace, and suffocate men and animals. The camel, native of the desert, buries its head in the sand, thus striving to protect itself from this destructive wind. No. 6. — The Exterior of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, and its Entrance, in Jerusalem. This Church was founded by the Empress Helena, and built over the Holy Sepulchre ; but other Christian kings have also en- closed in the same building the place of the Crucifixion, and other holy ground ; consequently there has arisen a very irregular struc- ture. The only entrance to the Church, which is daily opened for a certain time, is watched by the Turks, who have the keys. In former times, each pilgrim was obliged to pay tribute before he could enter into the church. The front is built in a fine Byzantian style, and had two portals, but one was closed up by the Turks. There was formerly a portico, the remains of which are seen in the foreground. On the left of the church is the steeple, which was taken off by the Turks, because they do not allow Christian churches to have high steeples. Near the entrance is a staircase which leads to the chapel of St. John, which is built on that part of Mount Golgotha where St. John stood when Christ was fixed on the cross. The buildings near the church are mostly inhabited by Greek priests. On the court before the church, are seen Turks, Arabs, and Bedouins. The two figures in white dresses with dark veils, are women of Jerusalem. No. 7. — View of Nassfcld ; four hours' journey from the Bath Gastein. It is a valley in the Alps, five thousand feet above the sea, with flourishing Alpine flowers, and a view of the Glacier, nine thousand feet high, where rises the spring of this river, which forms the large cataract near Gastein. ■s v No. 8. — View of the Colossal Statues of Mcmnon. They are sixty feet high, in Theban Egypt, and taken at the time of inundation of the Nile. These statues are hewn from a single block of sand-stone, breccia, from the quarries sixty miles to the soutli of Thebes. They are about an hour's distance from the west shore of the Nile, opposite Luxor, not far from Medinet Abu. They represent the king Amenoph III., who reigned six- teen hundred and eighty-six years before Christ. He erected them for the entrance of an enormous palace, of which nothing now remains. Barbarity and fanaticism have greatly injured these monuments ; but what still remains of them indicates that they were extremely well sculptured. On both sides of the throne are female figures, fifteen feet high. On the left is the mother of the king, and on the right his wife. The upper part of the colossus was destroyed by an earthquake, twenty-seven years before Christ. After that time the remains of this statue began to give musical sounds. The news of the phenomenon soon spread, and pilgrims from far and near came to hear the wonderful voice of the divine Memnon, as the Greeks called him. Many of them immortalized their names, by inscribing them on the statue. There are seventy- two, and among them we find the names of the emperor Hadrian, and Sabina his wife, who came to Egypt one hundred and thirty years after Christ. This mystery is now explained. The fall of the upper part of the statue left a rough surface, which imbibed the moisture of the night dew. When the hot rays of the sun dried this dampness, it caused great action in the stones, thin plates of which separated or burst off, which caused a concussion in this fragile stone, and hence arose the sound which was heard at sun- rise. Two hundred years after Christ, the Emperor Septimus Severus restored the statue. Since that time the sound has not been heard. In the background rise the Lybian mountains, with numerous tombs cut in the rock ; to the right of the colossi, at the foot of the mountain, are situated the beautiful ruins of the Ramesseme, built by Rameses III. No. 9. — View of the City of Alexandria, in Egypt, on the Mediterranean. It is taken from a sandhill, where stands the fortress of Cretin, built by Marshal Marmot. The town derives its name from its founder, Alexander the Great, three hundred and thirty-two years before Christ. There is nothing of its ancient edifices to be seen, except two obelisks, the needles of Cleopatra, and Pompey's pillar. This city was strongly fortified, and had only two entrances. Its circumference was ten miles, and it numbered three hundred thousand inhabitants. It had five ports, and was the centre of commerce between Europe and India. It rivalled Athens and Rome in the arts and sciences. The royal palace occupied about the quarter part of the town ; in it were the museum and the famous library, with more than one hundred thousand manuscripts, with which Calif Omar heated the public baths for six months. 6 The modern town owes its splendor to Mohommed Ali. The European quarter is very handsomely built. The continued im- provements in this part of the town indicate its necessary impor- tance. It contains at present forty thousand inhabitants. In the foreground of the picture is a cemetery, with the mausoleum, built by Mohommed Ali for his family. No. 10. — View of the Pyramids of Ghizeh, fonr thousand years old. They are on the left share of the Nile, four hours' journey from Cairo. These gigantic monuments are situated upon an eminence of the Lybian Desert, formed by limestone rock, one hundred and sixty-three feet above the Nile. The largest of these Pyramids is now not higher than four hundred and fifty feet, since the summit has lost several layers of stone, which once rendered it the highest building in the world. The base is, on each side, seven hundred and sixteen feet in length ; it was erected by Pharaoh Suphis Kupes (Keops,) and destined for his tomb. The second was built by his brother, Kephren ; it is four hundred and eighty feet in height, and retains the covering on the summit which was origi- nally common to all the Pyramids. The third was built by Menck- ere, and is two hundred and forty-four feet. In the whole region round the Pyramids, there are many tombs which contain mum- mies ; and here also is the gigantic Sphinx, cut out of the rock upon which the Pyramids stand, but it is not known by whom The length is one hundred and seventeen feet, the circumference of the head eighty-one feet, the height fifty-one. The nose is broken off; the other part of the head is well preserved ; the paws are quite covered by the sand, but in proportion to the body they would be fifty feet in length. No, 11. — General View of the Holy City Jerusalem, from East to West. It is taken from the Mount of Olives, 400 feet above the Valley of Jehoshaphat, and on the spot where Christ uttered to his dis- ciples the Lord's Prayer. In the foreground may be seen the ancient city walls, with the golden gate, (now walled up,) through which Christ entered in triumph on Palm-Sunday. To the right is St. Stephen's gate. Within the walls is the open square, and the beautiful Mosque of Omar — that is, Mount Moriah — and there stood the magnificent temple of Solomon. Mohammedans only are permitted to enter this place, which is surrounded by several ancient buildings. To the left is another mosque, once the church of Purification. To the right are the remains of the Palace of the Knights Templars, and the former palace of Pontius Pilate, now the residence of the governor. Near the centre of the town, where are seen a grey and white cupola, is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. On the highest point is the citadel, or the castle of David ; and to the left, without the walls, is Mount Zion, on which several buildings are erected. No, 12, — View of the Waterfall precipitating 630 Feet, near the Bath Gastein, in the Austrian Alps. This bath is situated two thousand nine hundred and thirty- nine feet above the sea, in a chilly but beautiful basin, between two mountains, six and nine thousand feet high. In the distance, high above the beholder, is the Mount Stulkogel ; behind the large hotel rises the Green Shreckberg, where one of the principal hot springs has its source. The upper bridge, which conducts over the wild river, is named the Terror Bridge. The second is the bridge leading to the hotel, to which is added a glass-inclosed gallery, that enables visitors to walk in rainy weather. No. 13— View of the' Famous Cataracts of the Nile, They are on the frontier of Upper Egypt and Nubia, in Africa, near the city Assuan, (Seyene,) distant seven hundred and forty- four miles from the Mediterranean. Before the Nile reaches the frontier of Egypt, it forms five cataracts. The one here repre- sented is the sixth — on coming from the sea, the first. This cata- ract is formed by rocks of red granite, well known by the nume- rous monuments taken from its quarries. On both shores rise the counterpoises of this mountain, which the river must break through to beat its path. This whole river is full of large and small granite blocks, some of which form large islands. The branch of the Nile represented in this picture is that which must be crossed by travellers who wish to visit Nubia. The moment of representation is that when the ship upon which the painter of this cosmorama travelled, was drawn over the cataracts by one hundred and eighty 8 Nubian men. They were occupied five hours in passing this spot. Whilst going down the river, this dangerous place was passed in a few seconds. No, 14 — View of Austrian Brig Carlo, of Venice, Represented as passing the Straits of Gibraltar, at sunrise, after a storm, chased by a Pirate of Morocco. No, 15,— General View of the Kings-Lake, This Lake offers one of the most picturesque prospects in the Bavarian Alps ; it is entirely inclosed by mountains from 6 to 9000 feet in height, in the distance is the castle of St. Bartholo- mew, a favorite place of the King of Bavaria. No. 16, — A heavy Storm on the Mediterranean Sea. It is represented at the moment when the French Steamer Mentor loses her mizzenmast. The artist who painted this cos- morama, made his passage in this steamer from Alexandria to Greece, in August, 1842. ' / ADMISSION. 25 Cts.— CHILDREN, 12£ Cts. SEASON TICKETS FOR SIXTH SERIES, 50 CTS. — NOT TRANSFERABLE. 1 I ! i , i CT7" The Exhibition is in Gray's Building, CORNER OF SUMMER AND WASHINGTON STREETS, and is Open Every Day, from 8 o'clock in the Morning, till 10 in the Evening.