BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE BARBABY STATES. PART IV. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF 1891. BY Lieut.-Col. SIR R. LAMBERT PLAYFAIR, K.C.M.G., etc., H.M. CONSUL-GENERAL FOR ALGERIA ; AND Dr. ROBERT BROWN, M.A., F.L.S. Q o Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2020 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/bibliographyofmoOOplay ( 203 5 INTRODUCTION. More than two and a half centuries ago, one of the earliest of English writers on Morocco apologised for adding !to what he conceived to he the plethora of works on that portion of Northern Africa. For he tells us, with imperfect bibliographical knowledge, “ There have been whole volumes written of this place: as—1. That of Hanno, a MS. that was preserved for no less than 1400 years, and a hundred years ago printed by the noble Stephanus.* * * § 2. That of Alcazar, j kept in the Tower of Tetuan. And 3. That of Leo Affricanus, written by him as he travelled in that country in the Hegeira 953, and in the year of our Lord 1528, J and translated by Mr. Robert Pary,§ of Cambridge, in the year 1600. And 4. That of Abasti vel Mammulid, whereof there are but two copies in the world : one is kept by the Governour of Morocco, and the other by the Grand Seignior; it being death for any man to take a map of that country without their leave.” Leaving out of account this more or less apocryphal MS.|| and that preserved in the “ Tower of Tetuan,” which must be relegated to the same category, the writer of the pam¬ phlet from which this apologetic preface is quoted, rather understated the actual literature on Morocco existing in 1664; for his own work is No. 226 of our list. One hundred and forty-four years later—in 1809— Jackson (No. 501) finds it necessary to print a similar plaint, though with better reason, since the published material had, in the interval, more than doubled. “It was justly observed,” the author of ‘An Account of the Empire of Morocco ’ tells us, “ by Mr. Matra, our last consul at Morocco, that ‘ there are more books written on Barbary than on any other country, and yet there is no country with which we are so little acquainted.’ ” In 1846 Eenou (No. 706) compiled the first formal catalogue of the works on Morocco then existing. Of these he enumerates 264, though several noted by him vaguely under the sup¬ posed authors’ names had never appeared, while many were given erroneously or repeated under other titles. In 1889 M. de la Martiniere attempted (Nos. 1710, 1910) a supplement to that catalogue ; but though * Actually, in 1533 (No. 2). f Of which we do not possess any knowledge. x This may be misprint for 1520. For in that year Leo was captured by Pirates and taken to Rome, so that his travels were all antecedent to the date mentioned. § Not Robert Pary, but John Pory, No. 109. || Query? No. 871. 204 INTRODUCTION. his list was neither accurate nor complete, lie added 527 titles to that of his predecessor, thus bringing up the roll of Moroccan literature to 791. The next author on the Empire of Moulai El Hassan, who thinks it necessary to justify the existence of his work, will require to face the fact that, exclusive of manuscript records, of which a prodigious quantity are stored in the archives of every country having relations with Morocco, there are enumerated in the Bibliography to which these lines form the introduction, the titles of over 2000 contributions to its history, geography, and politics, for the most part printed, which we have thought worthy of being recorded. Had it been possible or useful to make a memorandum of every ephemeral newspaper article within the last fifty years, this volume would have been swollen out of all pro¬ portion to the value of its contents. As it is, the number of documents which we have found it necessary to examine has extended far beyond what we believed to exist, when the task of cataloguing them was begun, several years ago, by the compilers, each independently of the other, their labours being conjoined only when they became aware that un¬ wittingly they were performing the same labour in duplicate. The ‘Bibliography,’ now completed up to the close of 1891, is the outcome of a copartnery, for the responsibility of which they are conjointly liable. They will, therefore, not add to a memoir already—for reasons beyond their control—sufficiently long, by any superfluous geographical or bibliographical comments. However, to avoid the risk of misunder¬ standing, it is proper to offer a few prefatory remarks to this last of the bibliographies of the old Barbary States, and the only one which has preserved its independence. First, then, some explanations are called for by the map. A glance at the one appended, without an exact acquaintance with the materials from which it has been so carefully drawn, might, suggest the impression that Morocco is a well-explored country. In truth, the very opposite is the case. Now, as in Jackson’s day, there is no country near Europe which is so little known. No part of it has been accurately surveyed; the best mapped districts are laid down solely from running reconnaisances or sketch-maps. Positions fixed by astronomical observa¬ tions are few. Many wide areas have never been visited by any Europeans, and most of the Atlas is at this hour as little known as it was in the days of Leo Africanus. There are cities within a few hours’ ride of Tangier which no person capable of giving a correct account of his observations has visited; and there are others not much further away, to attempt to enter which—Zarhoun, for example—would, were the intruder detected, be certain death. There is scarcely a river laid down with even approximate accuracy, and not to enumerate more distant provinces, the entire Biff country, that bold massif which is familiar to the thousands who every year sail up and down the Mediterranean, is less explored than many regions in the centre of the continent of which Maglireb-al-Aksa forms a part. In the extreme north, and on the routes between the coast and Eez, in one direction, and the INTRODUCTION. 205 city of Morocco (Merakish) in another, the officers accompany in g emhassies have enabled ns to obtain more correct details than else¬ where; while the travels of De Foucauld in various parts of the empire, and of Thomson in the south, are guarantees, that, so far as circum¬ stances permitted, their lines are mapped with more care than those in other parts of the country. But the fanaticism of the people, the jealousy of “ Christians,” and the passive obstruction of the Govern¬ ment, have practically closed to Europeans large regions, not immediately on the coast or on the bridle-paths to the capitals. Even Wazan, now as frequently visited as Fez or Merakish, was until a few years ago (No. 1362) a closed town, and fifty or sixty years ago Fez and Merakish could be visited only by favour of the Sultan, and even then with many precautions not to arouse the hostility of the citizens. Yet a century or two earlier many Infidels—bond and free—lived in or traded with these cities, and much of the interior of Morocco, is now so shut against them that the basis of our present map is in reality that of Major Beaudoin (1848), most of which was founded upon “ renseignc- ments recueilles aupres des indigenes,” namely, camel-drivers, pilgrims and traders. The coast-line alone is from “ actual survey.” Nor is Morocco, as might be inferred from the numerous place- names on the map, a thickly populated country. On the contrary, though never at anytime teeming with men, the empire is at present, if there is any dependence to be placed upon the data of the medimval chroniclers, and the extent of the ruins which exist in many places, more sparsely inhabited than at the period of its greatest prosperity. War, famine, and pestilence, have decimated it at frequent intervals, until to-day—though there are not sufficient data for arriving at a sound estimate—Moulai El Hassan does, in all likelihood, rule 4,000,000 subjects. This conclusion is reached after being convinced that all the old guesses at the population of the cities—those of Jackson in an eminent degree—were grossly exaggerated. But as modern calculations vary all the way from a million and a half to fifteen millions, there is ample room for a difference of opinion. The roads traced on the map are mere natural bridle-paths, worn in the plain, along the hill-side,* and over the passes by the endless droves of camels and horses, and mules and donkeys, and cattle, and goats and sheep, throughout uncounted ages—broader where the coni our of the ground permits the caravan to spread a little, and at places so narrow that the ill-conditioned camel leaves no room for a rival to pass. Made roads are unknown outside the towns, and even there the exceptions to the rule are doubtful, while bridges over the rivers are few. Even ferries are so rare that eight years ago one of us crossed the Sebu— one of the largest streams in the country, on the direct route from Fez to Tangier —on bundles of rushes dragged across by ropes, a mode of transit * The Roman military “ vise ” seem to have been similar tracks: at all events they are not now visible and not used. 206 INTRODUCTION. still common throughout inner Africa. In summer, these rivers are often half dry ; in winter, after the rains or the melting of the Atlas snows, they are raging torrents, in crossing which couriers are often drowned, less adventurous travellers being frequently compelled to delay their journey for days until the fords are passable. In or about some of the towns a few wheeled carriages are seen, but over the country at large these are unknown, horses, camels, mules and donkeys, being the sole pack and riding animals. Along these caravan routes, except where here and there a little town or village lays itself out for trade, houses are not numerous. For hour after hour the “ howaji ” may amble along without seeing a human being, unless it may be a group of country folk with a few donkeys laden with crates of fowls and eggs on their way to market, and—the chances are—armed for all emergencies, or a soldier of the Sultan bent on a Shereefian errand, or perhaps a few wayfarers like ourselves with camp baggage and stores, who to the infidel’s Salaam Alikum! Peace be with you—respond somewhat sulkily “ To those to whom Allah hath given peace.” Hotels are unknown in the interior, and the rude caravanserais of the towns are less inviting than the tent to all not in fear of robbery or molestation from the wandering tribesmen who are apt to descend from the hills to take tithe of the more peaceful residents of the plains. The building of villages off travel-routes is due mainly to the desire of the country people to avoid exactions by government troops and the “mouna” or gift of provisions and fodder demanded by privileged travellers. Hence the permanent hamlets are frequently built in secluded places, or in spots on the mountain side difficult to reach and easy to defend. These, with the white-domed tombs of holy men, surrounded by groves of palmetto and olive, or in the south amid argan and date palms, form picturesque objects in the rather monotonous landscape of the more level parts of Morocco, where little ant-hills—busy hives in summer, stumbling-holes in winter—the industrious ateuclms-heetle, and the crested lark are often for hours the only signs of life in a tawny land, bright -with flowers in spring, and burnt up—“ Brown Barbary ” in sooth—after the long drought of the torrid months. The numerous names on the maps are due to the fact that not only are the permanent villages (jars), marked, but in many instances the temporary encampment of camel-hair tents (duars), the position of which is determined by the presence of springs and pasture. Again, on all Morocco maps the “ Saints’ Houses ” or tombs of consequence must be marked. Usually these are quite solitary or are guarded by the family of the pious soul who in death is a relative even more lucrative than in life. Yet in not a few instances quite a village has gathered round the tomb, and at the time of pilgrimage the encampments of these local “hadjis” and those who minister to their wants give the spot a geo¬ graphical importance which a day or two later it appears not to deserve. All the places beginning with “ Sidi ” (Lord, master) are either actually INTRODUCTION. 207 tombs or the tomb lias formed, as in so many of our cathedral cities, the nucleus of the town or village. A striking example of this is afforded by Zerhun—generally known as Sidi Mowlai Edris, from the fact that it contains the tomb of the father of the founder of the city of Fez, and the first sovereign of the Edrissite dynasty. Even yet, a Jew or a Christian dare not enter it, and the only permanent in¬ habitants are Shereefs or descendants of Mohammed, and of the saint whose remains lie in its principal mosque. Furthermore, all the principal market-places must be indicated From time immemorial business has been.done at these gatherings, the same spot having a market for hundreds of years on the same day. A traveller in Morocco is often surprised to find all the paths leading to a particular valley crowded with horsemen and footmen, with sheep and cattle, and camels and donkeys, and mules and horses, until they end their journey in a busy fair, attended by hundreds or even thou¬ sands of people. Clay ovens are busily at work. Little charcoal fires are sending forth the odour of cookery. Snake-charmers are following their trade, wandering musicians rending the air with shrill pipes, and story-tellers surrounded by a circle of eager listeners, while all the other motley attendants of such a gathering noisily pursue their callings amid the shouts, and music, and a babel of voices buying and selling and arguing, and praying, swearing by the beard of the Prophet over the value of a farthing, or it may.be—an oath rarer now-a-days than in times when our counti’ymen were fewer or better—solemnly asseverating the truth of a doubtful statement “ on the word of an Englishman.” A few days later, when the traveller passes that way again, the valley is silent. The clay ovens are crumbling into mud, and the water-holes are growing; screen around the little turtles which alone disturb them, while a few squeaking tortoises among the palmettoes on the hill-side, a wild boar disturbed in his lair, a covey of partridges flushed by our horses’ hoofs, or a shaven-headed boy tending a few fat-tailed sheep, are about the only signs of life on a spot where so recently there was such a clatter of many tongues. These fairs are known by the names of the da} T s on which they are held, put after the word “ Sok ” (market). Thus Sok el Had is Sunday market; Sok el Thenein, Monday market; Sok el fileta, Tuesday market, Sok el Arba, Wednesday market, and Sok el Khamis, Thursday market. This system of nomenclature naturally leads to a repetition of the same place-name in different parts of the country. “ Kasha,” another name of frequent occurrence, means the castle or residence of a Kai'd or Governor. Most of the large towns are divided into a “ Kasha,” or official portion, a “ Medina ” or general quarter, and a “ Mellah ” or Jewry, the word Mellah meaning really the place of salting, the Jews in former times being compelled to salt the heads of criminals stuck over the city gates. “ Ait,” “ Ida, or “ Man is tlie Berber designation of a tribe, just as “Beni (sons of) and ‘ bled aie the Arab forms, though in one or two instances the Berbers have 208 INTRODUCTION. adopted the Arabic word. The word “ Ras ” is applied both to a cape and a spring, though the more usual term for the latter is “ Ain ” (plural “ Aiun”). “ Wad” is the Arabic and “ Asif ” the Berber for a river. “Adrar” is the Berber equivalent of the Arabic “Jebel,” a mountain, while “ Kasar” is used to describe a palace or royal castle, or the place where one formerly existed. Most of the coast places have two names, a native—Berber or Arabic—and a Portuguese or Spanish, the latter being usually adopted by the Europeans. Thus Dar-el-beida is universally known as Casablanca—both names meaning “ White House,” though in the Foreign Office lists it is called by the former title, a circumstance which some years ago led to an awkward confusion in the answering of a question in Parliament regarding it. In like manner, Mogador, is always called by the natives Siriera, while Tangier is a corruption of Tanja; Sallee of S’la, Laraiche (or Larache) of El Ara'ish, Mekenes of Miknas or Miknasa, Fez of Fas, and so forth; while the town called in Europe the “ City of Morocco ” is among natives and Europeans alike spoken of as Merakish. It therefore follows that the many names on the map must not be taken to infer—as they would in most other countries—a corresponding abundance of the dwellings of men. Yet it is necessary to mark these abodes of the Dead and other places of the kind indicated. For in Morocco distances are reckoned in hours’ ride from a saint's tomb, or a spring, or from a Kasbah—built, it maybe, in the middle ages by the toil of Christian captives, or from the design of some Andalusian engineer, and picturesquely old-world in appearance and its inefficiency against modern artillery. Morocco is indeed “ un Empire qui croule” (No. 1711). Everything is crumbling. The towns on the coast exhibit a gloss of Europe and the nineteenth century ; but those of the interior are, to a large extent, semi-ruins amid all-abounding filth. The walls are generally broken down. Nobody thinks of properly repairing his house, and if he inherits one, his first thought is to pull it down to see whether his predecessor has not concealed money in its walls. A general air of disrepair possesses the land—the little Berber villages with their fences of prickly pear, and the castles which have not been bombarded in the endless civil wars, being almost the only monuments of stability in this realm of dismantled towns, deserted cities, and hamlets of tents, here to-day and away to-morrow. The very earth shares in the down-at-lieels aspect of the works of man which litter it. Morocco, as a rule, is a treeless land—a few woods, some patches on the hills-scalps, chiefly around cemeteries and “ Koubbas,”* and in the south date, arar and argan groves, being the chief representatives of the natural forests which at one time covered the greater part of Western Barbary. Ibn Khaldun (No. 738, vol. i., p. 215) tells us that before El-Kahena the Berber Queen of Jeraoua, * The domed tombs or “ Saints’ houses ” of the Europeans. INTRODUCTION. 209 destroyed all the villages and farms throughout the country over which her conquests extended, the wide region between Tripoli and Tangier had the appearance of an immense thicket, under the shade of which arose a multitude of hamlets touching each other.* It is now possible to travel, in Tunisia at all events, for days without seeing a tree, though the remains of Roman oil-mills are frequent throughout a region not now containing a tenth of the population it did when the “ Province of Africa.” Even in the vicinity of Tangier, there were two centuries ago woods which harboured the troops of Ghailan, who harassed the English garrison. There, as nearly everywhere else, the timber has been recklessly destroyed for fuel or for building purposes, or by military necessity, or out of mere wantonness, until it is a common sight to come upon women unearthing palmetto roots to make charcoal, while the narrowness of the rooms in most houses may be accounted for by the difficulty in obtaining beams of any great length. The Moors do not even look upon timber as Lord Caernarvon did,—“ an excrescence of the earth, provided by God for the payment of debts.” Destruction for destruction’s sake goes on. Not long ago a forest in one of the Southern Provinces was ignited, and blazed for weeks. For many miles round the towns the charcoal- burners and wood-collectors are at work. The brush and underwood, which is all that is left of the ancient forests, when not cut for heating the ovens—is fired in the day-time when the sun is up, and twigs alone perish, leavdng the blackened stumps and branches ready to be cut.f The result is that Morocco is suffering, has suffered, and will suffer after the fashion which has befallen or is in store for every country equally improvident. The baked soil, unprotected by vegetation, is swept oft the hill-sides by the heavy rains, covering the fertile valleys below with a debris of rock, gravel and earth. The springs, ceasing to be fed by the water infiltrating into the ground, dry up, and the rivers, instead of flowing in a steady course all the year round, are torrents at intervals from November to April and dried up or insufficient in amount for the rest of the twelve months. Streams once navigable are no longer so, and the current being unable to sweep the silt seaward, the mouths of most of them are fast shoaling up. There are also conspicuous proofs that within comparatively recent times the rainfall of Morocco has diminished in quantity, probably owing to the absence of cool woods no longer helping the passing clouds to precipitate their burden ; and in places the uncovered sandstone is rapidly disintegrating into drifting sand after the manner in which the Sahara has been formed. There are numerous spots which bear on the face of them evidence of having been formerly lakes, or lake-like expansions of rivers which now run contracted within narrow limits of what must have formerly been a broad valley, the successive withdrawals of the * See also Playfair’s ‘Travels in the Footsteps of Bruce in Algeria and Tunis,’ pp. 34, 153, 179, 191, 212, 220. _ f Times of Morocco , No. 70, March 10th, 1887. 210 INTRODUCTION. river within which or of the lake now vanished being marked by distinct terraces or benches not unlike those of the Fraser in British Columbia. Morocco is, in short, a crumbling empire, physically, poli¬ tically, but not religiously. For if Moghreb-al Aksa has fallen from its ancient position, if it no longer produces great warriors, or men of letters, it is, without being a moral country, the last stronghold of Islam incorrupt. The literature which is recorded in the folloAving pages, it will be seen, though all on is seldom of Morocco. With a few exceptions it is entirely of foreign origin : the Moors have contributed little of it. The struggles of the Christian powers to establish or retain a footing in the empire form the theme of much of the early writing, and to this the English occupation of Tangier (1662-1683) added not a little of some historical interest. The synchronous efforts of the Spanish friars to extend the realm of the church date from about the same period, so far as its more heroic chronicles and martyrdoms are concerned. But up to the year 1820, the largest share of the information which we possess about Morocco was derived either from Christian captives who had been “taken” and held in slavery of the most grinding description in Fez, Mekenes and other inland towns, or from the narra¬ tives of the envoys sent to ransom these unfortunates. Many of these slaves’ narratives are of extreme value, and all of them full of pathetic interest. Some seem to have passed through the hands of Grub Street, the parish parson, or the rural schoolmaster. But the majority bear evidence of being chap-books hawked round the country for the benefit of the returned mariner, and as such, few of them have escaped the rough usage of their original purchasers. At that date there seems to have been a much more general interest in Morocco than at present. Many of the narratives in question went through several editions, and most of them were translated into languages which now-a-days take no cognisance of much more important works on Barbary. Several indeed, e.g. Nos. 295, 307, &c., were reproduced in different forms, and in two and three rival editions (Nos. 241, 284, &c.). Add to this the undoubted fact that works on Morocco, and the adjoining states, as well as on Africa generally (No. 239, 246), were issued in a style and at a cost which no publisher would venture on in these times, and some idea may be obtained of the wide-spread eagerness there was in the seventeenth and the earlier parts of the eighteenth centuries to obtain information regarding an empire over which the world at the close of the nineteenth century is much more callous. This may, no doubt, in part be accounted for by the less general knowledge at that date of foreign languages, necessitating trans¬ lations of works now read in the original. But it does not explain their being read at all. The truth seems to be that in an era when Sallee Hovers lay under Lundy Island, and had to lie anxiously looked for anywhere between Sicily and the “ Gut of Gibraltar,” a great many people had relatives in bonds among the Moors; apart from the fact INTRODUCTION. 211 that when two or three hundred slaves (No. 342) were rescued at one haul, and collections were made at the church doors for the ransom of others still in servitude, an ever fresh concern was kept up regarding a country which, happily, has for several years lost that doleful interest for Europe. Few of the slaves’ narratives add much to our knowledge of the topography of Morocco. Those of Marmol (No. 69), Moiiette (No. 295), and Pellow (Nos. 366, 1945), are exceptions, though the geographical value of the last has been only recently acknowledged. As the routes of the Redemptorist Fathers, and the other Religious Orders who charged themselves with the ransom of the Christian captives, were the most direct from the coast to the capitals, and were therefore the same pursued by the secular envoys employed on similar missions, they opened up little of the country. Nor were their narratives, as a rule, of any scientific value, being generally full of great laud to their own order, and of maledictions against “false Mahound,” his followers in general, and those of Morocco in particular. Those of Desmay (No. 294), De Vries (No. 298), Dan (No. 299), Busnot (No. 330), and that of the Religieux de l’Ordre de Notre Dame de la Mercy (No. 341), are, however, exceptions ; for they contain valuable information regarding the condition of the country at the periods to which they relate. Those issued by the ambassadors sent to treat with the Moorish sovereigns are nearly all of importance, though, for the reasons mentioned, they did not extend our knowledge of the geography of the country much beyond the routes from Tangier and Tetuan or Rabat to Fez and Mekenes, or from Saffee—which was the usual port for striking into the interior (Mazagan being then in the Portuguese possession and Mogador not existing) to Merakish. The envoys and their suites, nevertheless, collected — as they still collect—a great deal of information regarding the country, its inhabitants, its rulers, and the renegadoes who, up to a very recent period, formed a remarkable element in the population,—all of as much value now as when it was published. Of the early diplomatists’ narratives, the most notable are Nos. 72, 15/, 181, 186, 245, ol2, 313, 342, 349, 384, 411, 512, Ve¬ in the intervals of piracy the English Government and the Sultan would occasionally become so friendly that His Shereefian Majesty would ask the Gibraltar authorities to favour him or his family with medical advice. To such courtesies we owe the important narrative of Lempriere (No. 449), who went to Tarudant, and the much less valuable works of Curtis (No. 480), Buffa (No. 503), and Beauclerk (No. 553). The experiences of castaways on the shores of the Sahara, in the province of Sus, or immediately south of it, have, from the time of 1 aul Imbert who, in 1630, had the misfortune as a slave to be the first European to’visit Timbuktu, to Camille Douls who, after being rescued from his voluntary captivity, risked and lost his life in a second venture in the same region, form a distinct feature in the literature on Morocco. 212 INTRODUCTION. ' The numerous treaties made with the European Powers are also of value, hut less from a geographical than a historical point of view. The Consular Eeports of our day—as did the less widely published ones of a former era—constitute most valuable sources of information regarding, not only the ports to which the writers are accredited, but on the country at large, and some of the best works on Morocco— Host’s (No. 422), Chenier’s (No. 435), Schousboe’s (No. 480), Jackson’s (No. 501),Graberg di Hemso’s, Drummond Hay’s (No. 650),andBeaumier’s (Nos. 871, 997, 1031-1033, &c.), are to be credited to foreign repre¬ sentatives of former times. Merchant adventurers very early found their way to Morocco, and to their correspondence may be traced not a little of our early acquaintance with the country, though they seemed to have been rather jealous of communicating any particulars which might prompt too many rivals to seek their fortunes there. The earliest news of these pioneers is furnished in James Aldaie’s letter to Master Michael Locke concerning the “ traffique... begun in the yeere 1551 with a tall ship called the Lion of London ,” Aldaie claiming to “haue bene the first inwenter of the trade” (No. 47). Nor must it be forgotten that it was the “ briefe relation ” of “ Laurence Madoc,” an English merchant in Morocco, to Anthony Dussel of London (No. 99), which gave Europe the first intimation of the conquest of Timbuktu, and other of the Niger cities, by Juder u Zergu, the general of Mowlai Ahmed II. Poland Frejus, of Marseilles, who, in the year 1GG6, made a journey into Morocco for the purpose of establishing commercial relations with that country, has left a very interesting account of his travels (No. 248) to which is usually attached a series of answers by “ M * * * * ” [M. A. Charrant], a French merchant who had lived twenty-five years “ dans la Mauretanie.” As a contemporary record, written evidently without ulterior motives, these replies to queries put to him are priceless. Travellers wdio tried to explore Morocco in disguise have never, with perhaps one exception, done much ; for whatever they might flatter themselves into believing, they were invariably either suspected or detected, it being next to impossible for any foreigner to avoid solecisms in manners, language and accent, which would at once reveal his true character to the suspicious natives, and naturally lead to unpleasant conclusions regarding the objects of a man trying to penetrate the country by stealth. Roentgen, Davidson and Douls were murdered, despite their affected Moslem conformity. Ali Bey el Abassi (Domingo Badia y Leblich, No. 506), passed muster as a Turk for a short time only. Gerhard Rohlfs (Nos. 1030, 1142), though tolerated as a renegade and a protege of the Sultan, and the Sherif of Wazan, never really imposed upon any one interested in discovering his true character. More¬ over, having to travel ■without the means of making accurate observa¬ tions, his narrative is full of serious mistakes. The Kaid Ismail (Joaquin Gatell, a Spaniard, No. 1043, 1044) was not much more successful, although he did add something to our knowledge of the South, while the INTRODUCTION. 213 journeys of El Haj Mohamed el Bagdady (Jose Maria de Murga, No. 1254) were of limited geographical value. The Viscount de Foucauld, who (No. 1841) travelled in the guise of a Morocco Jew, brought hack the most abundant crop of notes of all who have adopted this perilous mode of exploration. More recent imitators need not he mentioned, since it is notorious that their “ disguises were in their own imaginations alone : their foibles were simply humoured. \\ ith the exception of the works of Schoushoe, Ali Bey, Jackson, Keatinge, Caillie, Graberg Di Hemso, Washington, Brooke, Davidson, and Hay, the first forty-five years of this century were not fruitful in important contributions to the literature of Morocco. The difficulties with France in 1844 gave an impetus to many pens, the most valuable results of which are Nos. 672, 678, 680, 681, 683, 698, 699, and 706. This spurt lasted with little intermission until the Spanish war of 1859-60 brought numerous eyes to bear upon Morocco, imparted to it an interest it had not possessed since the abolition of piracy and Christian slavery, and led to the issue of books and papers the titles of which occupy some nine or ten pages of our “ Bibliography.” It will be seen that this literary renaissance has never died away. For with the’exception of the year immediately following the conclusion of peace, the printed matter on Morocco has continually increased in number and, as a rule, in excellence. The close of the Spanish war opened a new epoch in Moroccan history. It taught the Sultan and his people the peril of molesting “ Christians,” and compelled them to tolerate the tourist, who had by this time begun to direct his enterprise to the interior, previously visited almost solely by envoys and other privileged persons. By “ tourist,” must be under¬ stood not only the invalids and idlers who now throng Tangier during winter, the sportsmen who slay partridges and wild boars, the little stream of regulation “ trippers ” who ride along the coast and over the Andjira headland to Tetuan and Ceuta, and even reach Wazan and the capitals, but travellers of a more scientific status also. One of the earliest, if not the very first person who visited Morocco without being engaged in official business, was Nicolaes van Diest Cleynmrts, or Clenardus, who in 1535 resided in Fez for the purpose of studying in a city then still the home of many learned men. This was fifteen years before the publication of Leo the African’s work (No. 45), which until comparatively recent times—and even yet for some parts of the country—was our chief authority on Northern and Central Africa. Hence the unavailing: regret that Clenardus did not leave behind him some record more substantial than the “ Epistolae Elegantissimae ” (No. 48). The famous Captain John Smith of Virginia, though he went to Morocco in search of military service (which he did not obtain), was, in a way, one of the earliest of Barbary tourists, and has put on record some curious particulars which show that in those days ^’1604) there were not only numbers of English artizans settled peacefully in the city of Morocco (Merakish), where there have been none for many ages, but that the English pirates, when driven out of the European seas, 214 INTRODUCTION. settled on the North African coast and taught their trade to the Moors (No. 173). At that time it was not considered disreputable to enter the Sultan’s military service, the Pope even giving his countenance to the Christian knights in the pay of the kings of Morocco as early as 1290 (No. 973).* William Lithgow, the Scottish traveller (No. 142), visited Fez in 1617 with Monsieur Chatteline, a French lapidary. However, soon after this, the tension between the Moors and the Christians—owing in part to ihe expulsion from Spain, but mainly from the bitterness inspired by the cruelties mutually practised on their respective captives, and, perhaps, also ow r ing to the barbarism which the civil wars had brought about—grew so extreme, that with the exception of envoys and the Eedemptorist Fathers, we do not hear of any unofficial travellers in Morocco. Even merchants do not seem to have traded to Fez, Mekenes, Merakish, and Tarudant as they did a century or two earlier, j - When Christian slavery and piracy came, nominally at least, to an end, the late Sir Arthur de Capel Brooke was one of the first English¬ men who visited the country (1829-1830) for pleasure. He failed to obtain permission to make the Fez journey; but he was the virtual dis¬ coverer of the remarkable monolith of El Uted (No. 570). Baron von Augustin (No. 606) and the Prince Wilhelm zu Lowenstein (No. 709), followed a few years later. But the day of the tourist and the winter resident began after the Spanish War, and though very few of these stray travellers have added much to our knowledge of the country, their oft-times brightly written but sadly inaccurate volumes have done much to attract better trained explorers, among whom the names of Admiral Washington, who, fixing some of the principal geographical points as early as 1830,'may be termed the pioneer of scientific visitors, the Rabbi Mordokhai of Akka (a native Jew, who visited and resided for several years in Timbuktu), Hooker, Ball, Maw, Cliavagnac, Mourlot, Bleicher, Colville, Watson, Rein and Fritsch, Irby, Drake, Reid, Payton, Tissot, Lenz, de la Martiniere, Quedenfeldt, Duveyrier, Hildyard, De Foucauld, Thomson, and Harris deserve honourable mention. The officers forming the French Military Mission attached to the Sultan’s army might have added vastly to our knowledge of the country. But, whatever may be the private reports in the pigeon-holes of the French war-office, the work of Captain Erckmann (No. 1622) is as yet about the most impor¬ tant result vouchsafed to the outside world. * On this subject, in addition to the references given, consult Lithgow (No. 142) and Lady Verney’s ‘Memoirs of the Verney Family,’ vol. i., pp. 63-68, where will be found some account of Sir Francis Yerney, who, with Captain John Giffard and eight other Englishmen took service with Moulai Sidan, and is believed to have turned pirate. f Roger Bodenham, one of the first Englishmen w r ho reached Mexico (1564-65 ?) mentions that before sailing to “New Spain” he had grown “to great loss and hinder- ance by that new trade begun by me, in the city of Fez.” This was long before the establishment of the French Consulate of Fez (No. 74), or the granting by Queen Elizabeth of her charter to the Exeter Company of Barbary Adventurers (i585). INTRODUCTION. 215 The year 1881 is a notable one in the literary history of Morocco. For in that year the first printing-press was set up in Tangier by Mr. Abrines, an English subject. This was followed by the issue on the 28th of January, 1883, of ‘ Al-moghreb A1 Aksa,’* and soon after by a legion of tiny sheets in French, Spanish, Arabic, Hebrew and English, most of them very deservedly short lived, and seldom containing any papers of permanent geographical value, though all of them are necessary to the future historian of Morocco. A list of these j - has been embodied in our pages, with a reference to some of the more important contents. No attempt has, however, been made, unless in the case of articles of exceptional importance, to catalogue mere newspaper articles, reports, and correspondence of an ephemeral character, nor to recatalogue maps and manuscripts which have already formed part of special bibliographies. But, with these exceptions, as far as any digest can be exhaustive, it has been our endeavour to make this complete. If there are any blanks, they will perhaps be found in the continuity of periodical publications, which like some foreign consular and diplomatic reports, are not issued with undeviating regularity. At the same time, we believe that nothing of importance has been overlooked. Nearly every publication has been read by us or by friends in whose judgment the fullest con¬ fidence can be placed, and no title has been admitted which has not satisfied this test except where the authority, Renou (No. 706), Duro (Nos. 1254, 1299), or De la Martiniere (No. 1910), has been given. In these cases it must be understood, that though not in doubt as to the existence of the work, we have not been able to see it. This, however, has not frequently occurred, though all of the literature here chronicled is not to be found in any single library. For many of the publications we may in vain search the English libraries, and several are, if not unique, not known except in the private collection of one of the compilers. In conclusion-—and it is the last word to the last of the Barbary Bibliographies—wrn could scarcely have hoped to make a list which may save much useless labour to future investigators, so complete as it is except by the help of colleagues and correspondents. Among those who pre-eminently deserve the thanks of the compilers for the unwearied •care they have bestowed on the tedious work of searching libraries and revising proofs, where every title is a little treatise and every line and •even every word a fact, the names of Mr. Consul H. E. "White of Tangier, Mr. Consul Payton of Mogador, M. Rene Basset of Algiers, M. Castelot and M. J. E. De la Croix of Paris, Professor Rein of Bonn, Mr Budgett Meakin of Tangier, Froken Rudmose of Copenhagen, Miss Drummond-Hay, Mr. Frederick Whymper, Dr. R. Spence Watson of Newcastle, and the French and German Consuls in Tangier, must be gratefully remembered. * Actually, however, the ‘Eco de Tetuan’ appeared for a few months during 1800 in the Spanish camp at Tetuan. t By Mr. Budgett Meakin of Tangier. VOL. III. 216 INTRODUCTION. Morocco is still the most barbarous, the most backward, the most unchanging of all the countries with which we maintain diplomatic relations. We send our envoys to Tangier, but Mowlai El Ilassan does not reciprocate the compliment. The magnificent resources of his vast realm in soil, mines, and valuable timber, are undeveloped, and most of the country is still as primitive as it w r as when the Arabs entered it. Yet, though it will for many years to come, even if freely opened up to European travellers, form a fruitful field for the minute geography of the future, it is advancing, and the literature on it shows a remarkable improvement over that which appeared even ten or fifteen years ago, Much unwisdom about this region has appeared—and, no doubt, still appears—in print. But no one could now write of it as did Tasso* even after the publication of Leo’s work in Bamusio’s ‘ Itinerario ’:— “ E costeggiar di Tingitana i lidi, Nutrice di leone e d’ elefanti; C’ or di Marocco e il regno quel di Fessa.” This information must have been derived from Pliny, or is an echo of the “ leonum arida nutrix ” of Horace. For the elephant has not inhabited Mauritania for many a century; and Morocco, so far from being the nurse of lions, is now so poor in the king of beasts that it is possible to roam the land for a lifetime without seeing one.f * ‘ II Gerusalemme Liberata,’ 1. 58, c. 21. t “Stoke,” the Indian elephant presented to the Sultan by Queen Victoria in 1889, is at present, perhaps, the only specimen north of the Sahara, j ( 217 ) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO, FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE END OF 1891. By Lieut.-Col. Sir R. Lambert Playfair, k.c.m.g., etc. AND Dr. Robert Brown, m.a., f.l.s. (Map p. 47 6.) 1. b.c. 520 (circa). Heeataeus of Miletus. All the writers before this date were mere speculators or poets, whose geography, like that of Homer, may he regarded as purely mythical. The island of the Lotophagimay he,—perhaps is,—the modern Jerba off the coast of Tunis ; but his Atlas has nothing to do with the mountain range of that name. HecataBus, however, enables us for the first time in ancient literature to touch solid ground, fragmentary though the literary relics which have come to us undoubtedly are. He seems to have been a traveller himself, and a diligent, though not always critical, collector of travel tales. He mentions, in Barbary, the Mazyes and Zygantes, tribes living near the TriIonian Lake, and the same as those subsequently referred to by Herodotus as the Max yes and Gygantes. He knew Metagonium, near the Pillars of Hercules, perhaps Cape de l’Agua (Ras Sidi Beshir), if this was the same place which Strabo knows under this name, and Thinga, or Tinga, or Tingis (the modern Tangier). It is also not improbable, as Sir Edward Bunbury suggests in his admirable * History of Ancient Geography ’ (vol. i. p. 144), that his river Liza was identical with the Lixus of later geographers, though this name was so vaguely applied that the question must remain a moot one. The fragments of the Hepu)yricrLs tt)s Trjs of Hecatasus have been collected by Klausen (‘ Vita Hecatari,’ 8vo, Berlin, 1831), and reprinted by C. Muller in his < Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum,’ vol. i. (Paris, 8vo, 1841). His life and writings are discussed in Col. Mure’s ‘ History of Greek Literature,’ vol. iv. p. 145 et sep ; London, 1853. Heeataeus is frequently quoted by later grammarians, particularly by Stephanus of Byzantium, in whose writings Col. Mure has detected 300 out of the 330 fragments collected by Klausen, mostly mere names. He ought not to be confounded with Heeataeus of Abdera, who is perhaps the writer whose authority for the Northern ocean being called “ Amalchian ” is cited by Pliny (‘ Historia Naturalis,’ lib. iv. 13, § 94). 2. n.c. 470. Hanno the Carthaginian. How far Hanno sailed down the west coast is a disputed point among the commentators. Gcsselin (‘ Recherches sur la Geog. systematique et positive r 2 218 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. des Anciens,’ vol. i. pp. 70-106) refused to believe that he reached further than Cape Nun, an utterly untenable view, which was adopted by Walckenaer (‘ Recherches sur la Geographic de l’Afrique,’ p. 362). Rennell and more modern writers, including Mr. Griffiths, the late Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone, were inclined to put Sherboro’ Sound, just south of Sierra Leone, as his southern limit. It is certain that there are no rivers north of Cape Nun— in Morocco—which contain crocodiles and hippopotami, far less “ the hairy men and women” to which we still apply his name of “Gorilla,” perhaps the sole Punic word which is as familiar in London as it was in Carthage, though the apes he saw were more probably chimpanzees. But it is not quite so certain that the river was the Senegal. Too much importance must not be attached to Hanno’s description of the “ streams of fire ” and the “pillars of fire” which he saw in passing down the coast. They might have been bush-fires, the negroes still igniting the long grass in the autumn, signals to give warning of strangers’ approach, or volcanic eruptions. If so, no part of the country about either Sierra Leone or Senegal had a volcano within historical times. But there is no range here fit to be called Qeeov ”0 —the “ Chariot of the Gods ”—which Ptolemy more accurately places on the site of the Cameroons Peak, and there is no Norou Repay, or Horn of the South, capable of being identified with Sherboro’ Sound. Accordingly, Sir Richard Burton (‘To the Gold Coast for Gold,’ vol. i. p. 311) is probably right in thinking that we must extend Hanno’s voyage to Corisco, in the Bight of Benin. But there is no doubt as to his geography of Mauretania. After leaving the Straits of Hercules (Gibraltar), they sailed for two days and founded a colony at Qvjxia6!]piov, which must be near the site of Sallee or Rabat, and is perhaps Mehedia. Mr. Budgett-Meakin suggests the now deserted town of Tit, near Mazagan, as the site of this settlement. Then they came to the headland of Soloei's—SoXdfiy axpa — where they erected a temple to Poseidon (Neptune). This promontory is usually identified with Cape Kantin, though that headland is nowadays not \dcnov devtipeai ; it is in fact bare of trees. M. Vivien de Saint Martin (‘ Le Nord de l’Afrique dans l’antiquite,’ p. 363), unaware of this fact, was struck with the correspondence of the old Carthaginian admiral’s account with modern realities. For he tells us—as no doubt some imaginative person had told him—that the Moors still call the promontory Ras el-Hadik, the Cape of Palms. In reality there is not a palm anywhere near it, except a few close to a Mussulman sanctuary, now in ruins. M. Tissot assures us that the name Ras el-Hadik is absolutely unknown to the natives, as well as the meaning applied to the term. The Cape is called Ras Kantin. That word M. Tissot thinks, is applied in the same sense that the Punic word Soloei's was; since it seems to be used to designate (in the singular) one of the most remarkable cliffs of the Riff—namely, the Ras Kant ez-Zit. Mr. Consul White of Tangier, however, points out to us that Cape Kantin is spelt with a i^J, whereas Kant-ez-Zit begins with a Jj. As it is difficult to effect a landing on this dangerous coast, it is probable that Hanno’s men disembarked near where the fishing hamlet of Bedduza now stands. After half a day’s voyage they came to a large lake or marsh. No such place now exists, the lagoons which characterize the coast of Morocco being all to the north of Cape Kantin. South of it the shore is either guarded by cliffs, steep slopes, or stony and sandy beaches. Nor is there any sign of such a lake or marsh having existed; and the sudden . winter rains which make every dry watercourse roar from bank to bank, are A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 210 not of a character fit to cause floods likely to be mistaken for a marsh or lake. Saffi is, however, the spot near which we must look for the locality described by Ilanno. Unless, therefore, he mixed up his facts, or they have been blundered in transcription by his historians, it is allowable to believe that the coast level has altered in the course of twenty-three centuries. Of this indeed there is ample evidence. From Tangier to Mogador there are old sea-beaches at the height of from 40 to 70 feet, and the lagoons north of Rabat are distinctly due to an elevation of this kind. There may have been sinking also; in which case Saffi Bay would in Hanno’s day have been a marsh, lake, or lagoon, and the Tensift river-mouth an estuary. The herds of elephants and other wild animals surrounding it are less difficult to understand, since these animals, though not now found north of the Sahara, were even in Pliny’s day—more than 400 years later—abundant in the forests of the Atlas. After leaving this lake the Carthaginians founded five coast towns,—Caricon Teichos, Gytta, Akra, Melitta, and Arambys (Kapkov Terror, koi r vtttjv, kcu "Anpav, ku\ Me'Ai TTav, Kiii " Apapfiw), which we now try in vain to identify, unless, indeed, Arambis is Agadir, a Berber word meaning a protecting wall. It is, however, applied to several other places. The full name of this one is Agadir-Igir. A large river called Lixus (Ai'£oy) was their next halting-place. This is, of course, not the Lixus of later geographers (namely, the modern El-Kus). It is probably the Sus River, or the Draa. The people on its banks were herds¬ men, and friendly; but the interior, according to these Lixitte, was an in¬ hospitable land, full of wild beasts, and intersected by high mountains, in which the river rose, and the Troglodytes or cave-dwellers lived. The moun¬ tains he might easily have seen for himself, since a spur of the Lesser Atlas reaches the sea at Agadir, and on a clear day, as one of the compilers of this ‘ Bibliography’ (R. B.) can vouch from personal experience, near Cape Can tin the snowy peaks of the Great Atlas can be seen from the deck of a ship. Cerne, the island where they established a settlement which continued for a long time, was perhaps Ixerne, in a deep bay at the mouth of the Rio de Ouio, where the Spaniards have recently established themselves : since apart from the fact that it is much too far north, there is no island near Agadir, where it has been fixed by some commentators (Muller, ‘ Geogr. Grreci Minores,’ vol. i.: Prolegomena, p. xxvi.). Hanno’s 4 Periplus ’ has been the theme of investiga¬ tion by Bochart, Ramusio, Dodwell (who doubts its authenticity), Falconer (who successfully defended it), Bougainville, Gosselin, Hudson, Rennell, Chateaubriand, Schmidt, Heeren, Bayle, Kanngiesser, Quatremere de Quiney, Walckenaer, Ukert, St. Martin, Major, Bunbury, Campomanes, Mauroy, Tissot, Kan, Judas, Tauxier, Maurique, Gobel, Mer, Robson, and others. But the edition of Muller just cited supersedes all others. The “ IlepiVAow” was first printed by Frobenius at Basle in 1533, from a IMS. in the Heidelberg Library. If Hanno ('Awcov) was the son of Hamilcar, who led the Carthaginian expedition against Sicily iu 480 B.c., a conclusion adopted by Muller, the voyage must have been about the year 470 b.c. It, on the contiaiy, he vas the father of that general, it was about b.c. 520. Bougainville (No. 392) however (and Vivien de St. Martin follows him), prefers b.c. 5<0. b.c. 443 (circa). Herodotus. The Father of geography mentions Soloei's, a name also given by Hanno and Scylax ( q. v.), and by them meant to be the modern Cape Cantin, but Herodotus is thought to have intended to designate by this title Cape Spartel. This is the only spot he mentions on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, and that 220 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. he seems to have heard of from the Carthaginian mariners. But he had no personal acquaintance with this region, and indeed appears to have known next to nothing of Mediterranean Africa beyond what is now, nominally, the Regency of Tunis. The editions of his work are endless. We need only mention those of Schweighauser, 5 vols. Svo (Strasbourg, 1816), Gainsford (Oxford, 1840), and Stein (2 vols., 1869-71), in the original Greek. In Latin the editions of Yalla (1450), revised by Heusbach (1537) and Dinstorff (1844), may be cited; and in English the best is that of Canon Rawlinson (1858-60). The Com¬ mentaries of Wheeler (1854) are useful, if read with caution. There are also translations into English by Littlebury (1737), Beloe (1791), Taylor (1829), Macaulay (1890) and Sayce (Bks. i.-iii. 1883). Lange (1811), Scholl (1855), Bahr (1867), and Stein (1875) have published versions in German. In French the best are by Larcher (1786), Miot (1822), Giguet (1857), and Talbot (1864). In Italian, Mustoxodi (1820), Ricci (1871-76), Grandi (1872), Bertini (1871-72); and in Swedish, Carlstadt (1871), are said to be respectable translations. 4. is.c. 352-348. Seylax of Caryanda. He knew little of the country beyond the Pillars of Hercules. But he knew Karris koXkos peyas, which is near Cape Spartel, though we can practi¬ cally identify his ndAi? iv tv orapa, a “ city upon a river,” as M. Tissot has hesitatingly done, with Tangier, if we accept the suggestion that old Tangier was farther to the S.E. of the Bay upon what is now styled Wad el-Halk (Palate River) by the side of which the Roman dockyards, as the ruins show, were afterwards built. It is not so easy to conclude that the t vorapos was the Wad el-Ksar (the Wad el-Yemm of El-Bekri). His Uovriav tokos kcu ttoXis may be Hajeriin and Cherf el-Akab; his Ky^cn'as' X'ipvr] peyaXp, the low ground of Mharhar and Tahaddart; his 'Eppata ciKpa, Ras el-Kuas; and the "Avl br/s TTora/j-os kci'i Xlpurj, the inferior course of the Wad el-Aiiasha. His Ai£os TroTafxbs is the El Kus (Lukkos) and the Altjos ttoXis ^olvlkcov the old city of Lixus—the favourite site with many of the Gardens of the Hesperides, whicn, though now represented by the modern Laraiche (El Araish), has been clearly identified with the site of the wretched modern village of Shemish (Chemish), higher up El-Kus river. The lloXts Aifivcov, a native village, may have been where El Araish is still, at the mouth of the river, while there is little difficulty in accepting the Kpafiis irorapbs /cat Xiprp> as the Sebu river, one of the largest in Morocco; while his Ovpiarripia was the same as Hanno’s QvpLarrjpiov —namely, Mehedia. Seylax seems to have been acquainted with the west coast of Africa as far as the island ol “ Cerne.” Cape Soloei's (see Pliny) he describes as a promontory standing out boldly to the sea, and having an altar to Poseidon (Neptune j on its summit. This is the Cape to which Hanno gives that name, so that Sir Edward Bunbury is perhaps justified in thinking that he derived his informa¬ tion about it from that navigator. At all events this part of his ‘Periplus’ is evidently taken from Carthaginian sources. Between Cape Soloei's and Cerne he places the river Xion (Hioh rvorapos), which is evidently the Lixus of Hanno (the Sus or perhaps the Draa), though the Lixus of Seylax is quite as clearly the El-Kus which Pliny and later geographers called by the name the Greek writer had given to it (‘ Periplus,’ § 112). In those days there was a Phoenician town on one side of the river-mouth and a Libyan (Berber) one on the opposite shore. The best editions of Seylax are Muller (‘ Geogr. Grreci Minores,’ vol. i.. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 221 Paris, 1855), and Fabricius (Leipsic, 1878). One of the earliest' editions is ‘ Scylacis Caryandenis Periplo ’ (Oxford, 1698). See also for a discussion of various points in Scylax’s voyages, Unger, ‘ Philologus,’ 1874, p. 29 et seq .; Bunbury, ‘History of Ancient Geography,’ vol. i„ pp. 384-394; and Tissot’s ‘ Mauretanie Tingitane,’ passim. Scylax’s own account is quoted by Aristotle, but seems to have been lost at an early period, the work which goes under his name being a compilation from various fragments which had survived in the writings of other authors, over some of whom also Lethe has long since passed. Suidas confounds him with another Scylax, perhaps Scylax of Halicarnassus, the statesman and astrologer, the frieud of Pantetius (Cicero, ‘ De Div.’ ii. 42) Avho wrote a refutation of the history of Polybius. b.c. 45 (circa). Sallust. As the friend of Caesar, whom he accompanied on his African campaign, and Governor of Numidia, Caius Sallustius Crispus ought to have picked up, either personally or through trustworthy agents, much information regarding the neighbouring provinces of Mauretania. But he was no geographer, and the time he could spare from collecting notes for his account of the Avar Avith Jugurtha seems to have been spent in plundering the provincials of the Avealth which enabled him, on returning to Pome, to lay out those famous “ Horti Sallustiani ” which were the wonder — and the scandal — of the Quirinal. Like Livy, whose histories are only large party pamphlets—he was proner to rhetoric than to exact data. Hence Avhatever might have been in his lost books, the Avorks of Sallust which survive are disappointing to the geographer. He seems to have made some inquiries regarding the people of the interior—Gretulians and Libyans—part of Avhom wandered about and part lived in huts. Beyond them lived the Ethiopians, on the border of the desert burnt up by the blazing sun. The Medes, Persians, and Armenians,—masterless men, owing to the death of Hercules in Spain (so he puts it),—passed into Africa. The Persians by-and-by intermarried with the Gaetulians, and formed a mixed race called Numidians. The Medes became, by a corruption of their name, Mauri (“ barbara lingua Mauros, pro Medis, appellantes ”). These Mauri and Numidians, uniting their forces, extended their yoke over the neighbouring races, principally the Libyans, less warlike than the Gretulians. All this happened long before the Phoenicians founded their settlements. This is the gist of the puerile fables collected and recorded by Sallust. Yet in his usual careless way he may be collecting stories which, if analysed, would fit in with known facts. The tents of the Moroccan nomads, shaped like boats turned up, are not vciy different from the « mapalia ” of the ancient Gmtulians, Avhich, according to Sallust, originated in the Persians living under the upturned vessels for lack of any other dwellings. This word, it may be remarked, closely resembles the Barbary-Arabic word ■“ Mahala,” which means a camp or abode. Then, as Vivien de Saint- Martin points out, Ibn Khaldun mentions a tribe called Urmana, who at the time of the Arab invasion occupied part of Numidia; these may be the Armenians of Sallust. Again, the Medes are represented by the Medaca, a Berber tribe mentioned by El-Bekri, or by the modern Medaci of Setif. Again, the Meduna are a branch of the Mezata; the Mediuna is another tribe not far from the Moluia, in that part of the •old AVestern Numidia, afterwards known as Mauretania Cmsaiiensis. The Persians may be a corruption of the Pharsii, a people whose name became known after the time of Polybius, and who as the Beni Feraoucen have their 222 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. home between Bougie and Tedellis, and in the neighbouring region of Morocco. The Guechtula, between Dellys and Jurjura, have been identified with the Gartulians. Among other names in the scanty geographical repertory of Sallust (ut supra ) we find the Mulucha — the modern Wad Muluia— mentioned as the boundary between the kingdom of Bocchus and that of the Massaesylians, a tribe who in the time of Jugurtha were looked upon as belonging to Numidia. 6. a.d. 20. Strabo. Strabo knew little of this part of Africa, and that little seemed to have been derived from his predecessors. He dwells on the lions, panthers, and other wild beasts in the country, the abundance of elephants, and the rivers containing crocodiles like those of the Nile, with which he w T as well acquainted. He makes no mention of Juba’s work, but cites Iphicrates, an author whose writings have not descended to us. The Carthaginian colony on the Libyan coast had by this time disappeared, for there was no permanent settlement further south than At'y£ (near the modern Laraiche or El-Araislr, though higher up the Kus River, at Shemmish), which he seems to confuse with Tlyyiv or Tangier. The prolongation of the Atlas— Avpis, according to the native nomenclature—throughout the whole extent of Mauretania was well known to him. The Gaetulians he describes as the most important of the African nations, the Gartulians being evidently the modern Berbers under their various divisions of Shluhs, Tuaregs, etc. Among other localities mentioned by him Avhich can be identified with reasonable accuracy are the MoAo^o^ (the Moluia) ; MerayAviov, Cape de l’Agua (Ras Sidi Bechir); ’ A[3lXt] opos, Jebel Belyunesh ’EJebel Musa, or Ape's Hill, often taken to be Abyle, the African Pillar of Hercules; N^crtStov, Perigjil Island (Jezira T‘aura), between Ceuta and Tangier, occupied by the British during the period of the Peninsular War, when Ceuta was held by them; while his At Kcorew is Cape Spartel and his ZrjXisr Azila (generally written Arzila), while ’EpnopLKos koXttos is, according to Tissot (with whom we agree), the curve of the coast-line between Laraiche and Mazagan. 7. 27-79. Pliny the Elder. Pliny’s knowledge of Northern Africa from the Straits of Gibraltar to Egypt was more accurate and extensive than that of any former geographer, though he is defective in the art of arranging his ample information and in critical acumen. Beyond Sala (Shelia, near the site of the modern Rabat), like most of the early writers, his knowledge was vague. He however mentions Dyris as the native name of Atlas, one which perhaps is retained in the w T ord “Daren,” or in the Idrarn of the Berbers. He complains that the accounts of the interior were most contradictory, and purposely falsified, though the forests- were being ransacked for “citrus,” the modern “arrar” (or Thuya, Callitris quadrivalvis), a wood still much valued, and the shores for the materials yielding a purple dye, this being derived, most probably as at present, from the “orchil” lichen. He speaks—or quotes Juba’s MSS.,to which he had access, Juba being king of all the territory to the Atlas—of the Asana river, 150- Roman miles beyond Sala. This tvas doubtless the Anatis of Polybius, and the Oum-er-Rbia of the Moors. The Fut of Pliny (a river mentioned by the historian Josephus as ouros of several Greek writers) is the Tensift. He also- speaks of other navigable rivers and ports, the Tamuda, most likely the Martil (lib. v. c. ii.), of the Muluia (Malvana fluvius navigabilis), of the Mvlvcha (Wad el-Kus), of the Wad Lau as navigable (Flumen Laud et ipsum navi- A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 223 giorum capax), and of Rusadir (Agadir). At the mouth of Wad el-Kus near the site of Laraiche (El-Araish) he places (bk. v. c. i.) the Garden of the Hesperides, the windings of the river being the serpent which guarded the golden apples or oranges. Around ancient ruins in his day were palm groves and remains of vineyards, pointing to the existence of old Carthaginian settle¬ ments on the coast. But the most remarkable statement of Pliny is that Sala bordered on the untrodden desert which was infested by herds of elephants (animals not now extending north of the Sahara), and by barbarians (Mauri), whom he calls Autololes, “ Oppidum Sala ejusdem nominis fluvio impositum, jam solitudinibus vicinum, elephantorumque gregibus infestum, multo tamen magis Autololum gente ” (v. i. § 5). He describes them being taken in pitfalls, so that it is probable, coupled with what Hanno says regarding this abundance on the Atlantic shore of Morocco, the Carthaginian war-elephants were from this region. See also No. 1221. More than one semi-fossil tusk has already been found in Algeria, and others may in time be unearthed, when Morocco is examined geologically. Amandi—‘ Histoire militaire des Ele'phants ’ —cites many other facts in support of Pliny’s assertion, and of Strabo and Hanno’s still earlier statements ; and the probability of taming African elephants is discussed by M. Wauters in the Mouvement Geographique for May 1866. See also Bunburv’s ‘History of Ancient Geography,’ vol. ii., pp. 429, 434. Another point mentioned by Pliny is Promontorium Album, the Punta Blanca of modern charts. The Vior flumen, which may be the Wad Garizim, the Wad Bueda, the Wad Auari Urah, or the Wad Es-saka. The best editions of the original are those of Julius Sillig (Leipsic, 1831-36, in 5 vols., 12mo), and Louis Janus (Leipsic, 1854-59, in 6 vols.). But for scientific value the French versions of Hardouin (1685 and 1723), and Panckoucke and Grandsagne (1829-33), in twenty volumes, are preferable. The old edition of Philemon Holland (1643) is readable. There is also an English translation of Pliny’s ‘Natural History,’ by John Bostock and H. T. Riley, with copious notes and illustrations, in Bohn’s Classical Library, 1855-57. b.c. 145. Polybius of Megalopolis. From the times of Herodotus to those of Polybius (b.c. 160), little was added to our knowledge of Morocco. Polybius, however, took advantage of the Roman wars against Carthage to glean a great deal of information, and though a Greek—a hostage sent to Rome after the second Macedonian War- lie was enabled through the friendship of Scipio Africaners to make a voyage along the coast of Northern and Western Africa, of which voyage unfoitunately we know nothing—Strabo not even mentioning it except fiom the confused allusions to it in that most confused ot compilers, Pliny. Polybius, no doubt, wrote the narrative, from which his successors obtained their data, but the original is now lost. We find in the second-hand account of it the name of Lixus and the river Anatis, which may be the Oum er-Rbia. He mentions a point where the Atlas descends to the sea. this may be Cape Gii, though the distance and other means of arriving at an opinion are too vague to decide; and though his “ flumen Darat in quo crocodilos gigni ” can hardly be any other river than Ptolemy’s Daradus—the modern Draa—there are no crocodiles in it, or in any other river of Morocco, nowadays. The “ sinum qui vocatur Sagvti ” is that bend of the coast where the Carthaginians had most of their establishments—Sakharat of the Phoenicians; the “Counting House,” according to Vivien de Saint Martin, or the “Gulf ol 224 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Commerce ; ” or as Strabo and Ptolemy translate it, ’Epnopucos koXttos. A town, Mvlelaclia, is placed on a promontory between the Lixus and the Subur (the modern Sebu) : this, M. Tissot thinks, may be the Mula Bu Selham village on the Ez-Zerga lagoon, while the Portns Rutubis is the modern Mazagan; the tinmen Sala is the Bu-ragreg, and the Portus Rissadir, Agadir. It is permissible to guess, when all criticism is largely of this character, that the “ flumen Cosenum” is the Wad Ghisser, which falls into the sea not far from Massa. The “ flumen Masati Masatat ” should be the Massa, and the “flumen Salsum” the Wad el-Mellah, the Salt River literally, between the Draa and Mar Pequena, the River of Salt Water of Riley’s narrative. Surrentium, if the same as Ptolemy’s Soloentia, is Cape Nun, though both premisses and deductions are very feeble. Altogether the analysis of Poly¬ bius’s ‘ Periplus ’ is an unsatisfactory task. The Greek geographer had evidently heard or read of Han no’s voyage, and made some false identification of his places, e.g. Lixus, &c. A fair Latin translation of Polybius is the ‘Historiarum Libri V. Latine, ex versione Nicolai Perroti,’ Rome, 1473, fol. This is the first printed edition of the Histories. It antedates the first Greek version (that of Obsopteus) by fifty-seven years. The best editions in more modern times are those of Ernesti (3 vols., 1763-64); Schweighattser (8 vols., 1793, and Oxford, 1823); Bekker (2 Amis., 1844); Dindorf (4 vols., 18G6-68, 2nd ed. 1882); and Hultsch (4 vols., 1867-71). In Schweighauser’s preface a full account will be found of all the earlier versions; and in Engle- rnann’s ‘ Bibliotheca Scriptorum Class. Script. Grteci ’ (8tli ed., Leipsic, 1880, pp. 646-650) the literature of the Polybian commentators is amply noted. Polybius is, however, so bad a writer, that perhaps Dionysius of Halicarnassus pronounced, in the first century before Christ, the same \ T erdict which the critics of the nineteenth after him will be ready to utter—that, having neglected the graces of style, he has left Avork which “ no one was patient enough to read through to the end ” (nep'i avvdes ovopdroov). From this sweeping dictum his translators must, however, be excluded; and among them are, in English, Watson (1568), Edward Grimestone (1634), Henry Shears (1693), Hampton (1756), and above all the celebrated Sir Walter Raleigh, Avhose posthumous version of the Avar between the Carthaginians and the mercenaries was issued in 1647. 9. 41. Mela, Pomponius. As a native of Southern Spain, Pomponius Mela was naturally familiar with the Strait of Gibraltar. His birthplace A\ T as, he tells us (and that is about all Ave know of his personal history), Tingentera, probably the native name of the place called by Strabo, Julia Traducta, which had been peopled by colonists transported thither from Tingis (Tangier) in Mauretania. Mela him¬ self says that Tingentera was inhabited by Phoenicians brought over from Africa. It is not unlikely noAV covered by the modern Tarifa, still, though from other causes, the most Moorish of all the towns of Andalusia. He describes Calpe (Gibraltar) and Abyla (Ceuta, or perhaps Apes’ Hill) as the two Pillars of Hercules, and shoAvs himself perfectly familiar Avith the Caves of the former rock. His statement that the Strait is 10 miles broad at its narrowest is almost correct, for the distance between Tarifa and Alcazar Point is 9j geographical miles, Gibraltar and Ceuta being separated by 12 miles of sea. He notes the semi-isolation of Calpe; A\ - as Avell acquainted with the Promontory of Juno (Cape Trafalgar) on one side, and that of Ampelusia (the Koteis—At Kcorns-—of Strabo, the Cape Spartel or Ras A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 225 Ashkar of moderns) on the other. But, as M. Tissot has pointed out, it is doubtful whether his “ specus Herculi sacer” was really the caverns now known as the Caves of Hercules in that headland. These are chiefly the work of men, excavating millstones. But in the Jehel Ashkar there are some natural grottoes, which more closely correspond to Mela’s description. Among other places mentioned by him are Mvlvcha amnis (the Muluia), the Septem Fratres (Ceuta), Mons prsesaltus (Jebel Musa or Apes’ Hill?), the Zilia fluvius (the Wad el-Halu), Zilia (Azila), Lixus flumen (Lukkos or El-Kus), Lynx (Shemmish), and Sola urbs (Shelia). See No. 43. 10. 160. Ptolemy. From the time of Pliny to that of Ptolemy, though all the time the Bomano-Grecian armies were making history, and the Roman and Greek colonists civilizing, no writer arose who thought fit to collect the data which must by that time have been abundant regarding all parts of Northern Africa, including Morocco. The writings of Dionysius Pariegetes, Tacitus, and Marinus Tyrius, though abounding in particulars regarding other parts of the Empire, add little to our acquaintance with Mauretania Tingitana. Claudius Ptolemseus of Alexandria, however, embodied in his famous work a vast amount of knowledge, more detailed and more accurate than that of his predecessors, and, as Dr. Schlichter has shown, even for the more distant parts of Africa, more in accordance with modern information than could have been expected (Proc. B. G. S. 1891, p. 513). In Morocco he accurately describes Cape Gir as a prominent headland formed by a spur from the main chain of the Atlas, and places the Subu (2ovf3ov 7 rorapov i<( 3oXai) in almost the position of the Sus River ; and though his positions and relative distances are usually very far out, he shows familiarity with most of the settlements on the coast, on either side of Cotes (Kc gti]s aKpov ) or Cape Spartel (the Ishbartel of El-Bekri). His Daradus (A dpados) is no doubt intended for the Draa, though he places its mouth much too far south; Arsinarium from the context-—-we agree with Sir Edward Bunbury—in regarding as Cape Juhy, and Rissadium as Cape Bogador. This, however, from his loosely fixed positions is merely a choice between an identi¬ fication which is not satisfactory and one which is most unsatisfactory. But that his Daradus is the Draa is clear enough. This river, it may be recalled, was most probably the Lixus (Ai'£o?) of Hanno, the 3iS>v of Scylax, and the Darat of Polybius. His Tiyyis [?) /cat] K aurapeia is even more indisputably Tangier. ZtXet'a Trorapov cKfdoXal is, according to Tissot, the Wad el-Halu (the Wad Azila of El-Bekri) ; Zdu'a rj ZtXetat, Azila ; At£ 7r orapov eKfioXai, the El-Kus (Lukkos); At| ttoXis, Shemish; and 2ciXa Trorapov eK(3o\ai, the Bu-ra°re°-, a river which flows into the Atlantic between Salli and Rabat. 2ovj8 ovp M. Tissot regards as possibly Mehedia; in which case 2ov/3oup Trorapov exfioXal must he the Sebu (Ptolemy’s). 2dXa 7 roXts is of course old Shelia, near which the modern Rabat (Rabat el Fatah, “ the Camp ot Victory”) is built. A ovov rj A vov Trorapov (k^oXul is the Wad el-Melah or the XXad el- Kantara, while his J 'ArX«s ekarrav opos describes the hills between Dar el-Beida (Casablanca) and Azimur. M. Tissot, among other doubtful identifications, considers Cape Gir or Ras Aferni not the "ArXay peifav of Ptolemy, seeking this point in one of the last summits of a great Atlantic range, which, under the name of Jebel Ida n’ Tenan, reaches the sea between the Wad Tamrakt and Agadir. The Wad Merzek is the Kovcra Trorapov infioXai, the Omm-er- Rbia the ’A adpa irorapov inpoXaL Mazagan (the Jadidah of the Arabs, the name 226 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. El-Brija commonly given as the native one being unknown to them, and is perhaps the European corruption of “ Borjah,” a battery or fortified place) is 'Povcnp'is Xip^v, unless Tit occupied this site. A iovp irorapov ei<[3oXal is YValadia; "Hktov opos Cape Ivantin; MvaoKapas Xiprjv Saffi ; irorapov infioXaX the Tensift, and 'HpaicXeovs 1'iKpov (we have seen) Has el-Hadid. Tapovcnya is usually accepted as the site of Mogador (the Souera of the Arabs), and Ovcrad- diov unpov Cape Sisn (Ras Tazrult); "2ovpiya may be Kubia, on the Wad Tidli (?) ; Oliva irorapov €k/3oXu'i the Wad Iguzul (or perhaps the AVad Tafetna), and J, Ayva irorapov eK/3oXal the Wad Beni Taner, though it is open to discussion whether 2<1X« irorapov eV/3okai is in the Wad Tamrakt. The Wad Messa may be the Mdcrcra irorapov (KftoXai ; but whether the 2uXa$ou irorapov eicftoXa'i and a number of other streams mentioned by Ptolemy can, as M. Tissot imagines, be identified with the Wad Garizim, Wad Bueda, AY ad Auari Urah, YVad Es-saka, etc., are questions which we are not prepared to answer in the affirmative, quite so readily as this admirable commentator. Turning to the Northern Coast, we find the MaXoGz irorapov eKpoXa'i. to be the Wad ei-Kus, or perhaps the AVad el-Ajerud; and the MoXoya# irorapov eicftoXai the Muluia, which, though not the political boundary between Morocco and Algeria, is in the Arab nomenclature the limit between Maghreb-el- Aousat and Maghreb el-Aksa, the “Morocco” of Europeans. M erayoov- irrjs aKpov is Cape el-Agua (Ras Sidi Beshir), 'Pvacrabelpov Melilla, ’S.vcmapla aKpa the Cabo Tres Forcos or Ras Hurak, or other point in this vicinity. Tama Aoyya is the Marsa Tagaza, the Tikisas of Edrisi; the *0 Xeaarpov unpov, Point Adelau or Ras Malted. OaXovda irorapov is the Martil (the Tetuan river, the AVad Mejedksa of El-Bekri). ’layd# is Ras et-Terf to the south of Cape Negro; ot/3ou aKpa, near the modern Cape Negro (Ras et-Terf) and Pt. de Castillejos (Ras el-Fnidek), though it is better than Lapie’s identification of the first-named station with Tetuan, or Mannert’s with the mouth of the Martil. The Ad Septem Fratres of Mela and the Itinerary are to be looked for in Punta Bermeja of the Jebel Belyunesh, or practically the modern Ceuta, which, there need be little doubt, succeeded it, though M. Tissot doubts this, arguing that Ceirta (Sebta of the Arabs, and Zernov of the Byzantines) is not necessarily a corruption of the Latin Septem, which is the main basis for this hypothesis. But there is no ■doubt of Tingis being Tangier. It is, however, chiefly for the interior of Northern Morocco that the Roman Itinerary is valuable, for it is almost our only authority for the geography of a region which by that time had got settled by military colonists. On the route from Tingis to Exploratio Ad Mercurios, the most advanced post of the Romans, a little beyond Sola Colonia (Sheila, near Rabat), we find the following places noted :— Ad Mercuri seems to be at the village of Dar Jedid. “ Almadrones,” which, in dependence upon Graberg di Hemsb, Mannert and Lapie decided to be the site, appears to be to the south of Cape Spartel, but the name (a Spanish corruption) is completely unknown in the country, llenou and Vivien de Saint-Martin placed it at the south of the mouth of the Tahaddart, which the first of these two authors con¬ founds with the Ghrifa. At Dar Jedid (Tissot) there are the remains of what seems to have been a considerable Roman city. Ad Novas appears from the distance traversed to have been at or near Sidi el-Yemani; Tabernss ■at Leila Jelaliya, where there are the vestiges of an extensive town; Frigidie 228 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. at Soueir, where there are various ruins, though these exist at several places on the route between Lixus and Banasa, and the very name is exactly translated in that of the Wad Ma el-Berda, “ the cold water river.” Colonia AElia Banasa is proved by ruins and, what is rare in Morocco, by an inscription (Desjardins, ‘ Rev. Archdol.,’ Dec. 1872, n. s., t. xxiv. pp. 366, 367) to have been at Sidi Ali hou Jenan on the left hank of the Sebu river. Thamusida is at Sidi Ali ben Ahmed, a “Kubba” or Saint’s tomb, around which there are many ruins; while the Exploratio ad Mercurios ought, by being situated 16 [miles from Sala, to be situated between the Wad Ikkem and the Wad Sherrat; no trace now remains of what was doubtless an outpost constructed like the three Moorish “ Kashas ” between the Wad Ikken and Fedala, to keep in check the “ Autololes ” or Ait Hilala, whom twenty centuries of invaders have not taught to own a master. Another road led from Tocolosida to Tingis. The first-named place is doubtful: it might have been Mghila or Zarhun (Mannert), or Sidi Kassim (Lapie); but it was neither Amergo (Renou) nor Ksar Faraun (Graberg). But Yolubilis, which was a considerable city—and though Mowlai Idris (Zerhon), and to some extent Mekenes and Fez, have been built out of it, still remains in the shape of some widespread ruins and stately arches with inscriptions — was unquestionably Ksar Faraun, “ Pharaoh’s Castle ; ” all identifications previous to those of Tissot, and it is perhaps right to say of De la Marti nifcre also, who has of late explored many of the Roman sites with no small skill and success (though as his results are still unpublished we are unable to supply a digest of them), being erroneous, mainly owing to the faulty statements of Pliny. Even Leo Africanus, who had been educated in Fez, is very wide of the mark, while Mannert is so far from the truth, that he seeks for the Walili or Gualali of Leo on the Sebu, 35 miles from Banasa, which he identifies with Mamora (Mehedia), if indeed this was not Casablanca (Dar El-Beida) formerly called Anasa. Aquas Dacicx is most likely Ain el-Kibrit, a sulphurous spring near the summit, called Tselfat; and Gilda, El-Haliin. Viposcianx may have been at Jebel Kort, where in the eleventh century El Bekri describes the existence of an ancient town already in ruins. Tremvlx corresponds with the ruins of Basra, founded in the middle of the eleventh century, and in the time of El-Bekri so large that it had ten gates. Yet next century Edrisi describes it as at “ one time ” of consider¬ able consequence : nowadays it is difficult to find more than a fragment of one rampart. Finally Oppidum Novum is unquestionably El Kasar el-Kebir (Alcassar), Ad Novas Sidi el Yemeni; while Colonia Ivlia Baiba Campestris, off the route, may be Es-Serif. It is mentioned by Pliny, and figures as Bd/3/3 a among the ndXeis /zeo-dyeot of Ptolemy. See Nos. 71, 722, 1936. 12. 485. Procopius of Caesarea. The only passage in this historian of interest connected with Morocco is the one in which he declares that in his day there was an inscription in the Phoenician language, near Tangier, to the effect that the writers had fled from the face of the robber Joshua, the son of Nun. “ Hie Populi numerosi habitavere Gergesaei, Jebusaei, aliaque habentes nomina Ilebraus voluminibus memorata: qui quum in expugnabilem conspicerent advenarum exercitum, patrios fines deserentes in ZEgyptum vicinam migraverunt, ibique numero ac sobole excrescentes, quum non satis commodum tantae multitudini locum invenissent, in Africam penetravere, ubi civitates quamplures habitantes omnem eum tractum usque ad Herculis column as tenuerunt, semiphoenicia lingua ac catalecto utentes. Oppidumque Tingen situ munitissimum in Numidia aedi- A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 229 ficayerunt, ubi duo ex albo lapide columnnrc prope magnum fontem constitute, iu quibus Phoenicum lingua litteraj incesse sunt hujuscemodi. Nos a facie fugimus Jesu prsedonis filii Nave,” etc. (‘De Bello Vandalico’ lib. ii. p. 222, ed. 1531). See also No. 207. 13. 920 (circa). El-Istakhri —Abi Isbak bin Mohammed el-Farisi el-Istakhri. See Nos. 612, 1062. 14. 950 (?). Ibn Haukal —Abi el-Kassim Mohammed Ibn Haukal. See No. 479. lo. 956. Abu-el-Hassan Ali bin el-Hussein. Surnamed El-Messaudi. Born at Baghdad; died a.h. 345 = a.d. 956. He travelled in and described many lands in Europe, Asia and Africa. See No. 436. 16. 1050 ( circa). El-Bekri. See Nos. 780, 800. Abu Obeid Abdulla El-Bekri was born in 1028 and died in 1094. His work is full of valuable information regarding Morocco. He tells, for instance, how at the foundation of Fez (809 a.d. = 192 a.h.) a quarter was reserved for the “ Andalus ” or inhabitants of Moorish Spain, and another was constructed in the year following for the Kairwanees, 300 families of whom lived there at that time. The Andalusian quarter was peopled chiefly by families banished from Cordova, after a revolt under the Omirade Khalif el-Hakem ibn Abd-er-Rahman. 17. 1100. El-Edrisi, or Abu-Abdulla Mohammed Ibn-Mohammed ibn Abdulla Ibn Edris, generally known as Esh-Sherif El-Edrisi. He was born at Ceuta about 1100. He visited many parts of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, Egypt, and other Christian and Mohammedan countries. See No. 974. 18. 1100 (circa). Arib of Cordova. See No. 719. 19. 1185. Abd-el-Wahid El-Merakoshi, whose full name is Mahi-ed-din Abi-Mohammed Abd-el-Wahid ibn Ali Et-Tamimi, was born in Merakish a.h. 581 = a.d. 1185. See Nos. 712, 2057. 20. 1200 (?)-1259. Matthew of Paris. —Historia Major. Edited by Dr. Luard. 5 vols. 8vo. (1872-80.) Chronicle, 5 vols. 8vo. (Bohn’s Antiquarian Library.) The only particular relating to Morocco in this old monkish chronicler, an Englishman evidently, though either born or educated in Paris, is his statement that King John sent an embassy to Mohammed III. (En-Nasser-li-din Allah) for succour against his barons and the French, offering both to hold his kingdom of him and to embrace Mohammedanism. The Moorish Sultan, who had suffered at Sierra Morena such a defeat by the Spaniards that for several days the victors used no other fuel than the pikes, lances and arrows of their fallen enemies, answered with great dignity that he had lately read the Book of Paul’s Epistles, which he liked so much that were he to chose another faith it should be Christianity. But for his part he thought every man should die in the religion into which he was bom, the only fault he found with Paul being the fact that he had deserted Judaism. But as John was no friend of the monks, that may be merely a piece of monastic scandal, though, considering the many Christians in the service of Barbary during the Middle Ages and vice versa (see Mas Latrie, No. 973) the story is not incredible. 21. 1211. Ibn Kkallikan. —Ahmed bin Mohammed bin Ibrahim bin Abi Bekr bin Khallikan was born at Arbela in 1211, and wrote his work principally at Cairo. It contains the lives of distinguished Mohammedans from the Hegira till the 13th century. See No. 647. 230 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 22. 1232. Ibn el-Wardi (Ouardi)—Zein-ed-din Omar. See No. 443. 23. 1290. Abu Mohammed el - Abderi. — Rahalat el - Moghrabia, U su-, or Occidental Itinerary. The author describes his pilgrimage to Mecca from Haha, one of the remotest points of Morocco. Copies of this MS. exist in the Library of Leyden (see Cat. Codd. Orient. Bib. Acad. Lugd. Batav., vol. ii., p. 136), in the Escurial (No. 1733), in the University Library at Algiers (No. 2017), at the Mosque of Jama Zeituna at Tunis, and in the Library of Si Hamuda at Constantine. M. Cherbonneau published an account of it in the ‘ Journ. Asiatique,’ Paris, 1854. See No. 757. 24. 1300. Statuts Munieipaux de la Cite de Marseille. Two chapters of these regulate the mode of election and the functions of Consuls established by Marseilles in the ports of the Mediterranean, especially Bougie and Ceuta. See ‘Tab. de la Sit. des Etab. Franc, en Algerie,’ 1841, p. 412. (No. 628.) 25. 1300. Abu’lfeda Ismael, Prince of Hamah; born at Damascus, a.h. 672 = a.d. 1273; styled by the Arabs El-Maleh el-Moweiyed. Died 1331. He wrote several works, but all that are now extant are his Geography, his History, and several pieces of poetry. See Nos. 428, 451, 613, 623, 720. 28. 1326. Imam Abu Mohammed Saleh bin Abd-el-Halim el-Gharnati. See No. 465, 554, 646, 871, 1523. 27. 1331. En-Noweiri. —Slieliab-ed-din Ahmed ibn Abd-el-Wahab, surnamed En-Noweiri. Author of a great encyclopaedic work. Died a.h. 732 = a.d. 1331. See Nos. 738, 631. 28. 1355. Abu Abdulla Mohammed ibn Eatuta, a native of Tangier. See Nos. 525, 556, 616, 742, 752. 29. 1375. Ibn Khaldun. See Nos. 632, 738, 789, 999. Abu Zeid Abd-er-Rahman Ibn Mohammed Ibn Ivhaldoun was a native of Tunis, taught at Tlempen, wrote his Prolegomenes near Frenda, whence he went to Tunis and completed his History of the Berbers. He was first the captive and subsequently the friend of Timur. He died at Cairo a.h. 808 = a.d. 1406. 30. 1400 (circa). Ibn-Adhari. See No. 719. 31. 1403. Yakuti.— This author lived in a.ii. 806 = a.d. 1403; he was a native of Baku, and his name ought rather to be written Bakuti. See No. 444. 32. 1415. Note concerning the ayde and assistance of the English Marchants giuen to King John of Portugall for the winning of Ceuta in Barbary , which w r as the first occasion of all the Portugall discoueries, taken out of Thomas Walsingham his Latine Chronicle, 1415. (Hakluyt, vol. ii., pt. ii. p. 1.) 33. 1450. El-Makarri (otherwise written El-Mokri, or El-Maqqari), whose full name was Sahab ed-din Ahmed El-Makarri El-Fasi, was born at Fez and died about the middle of the 15th century. See No. 445. 34. 1471. Azurara, Gomez Eanes d’. See Nos. 462, 634. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 231 35 . 1473. Polybius. — Historiarum Libri V. Latine ex versione Nicolai Perroti. Roma: folio. Various other editions. See No. 8. 36 . 1482. Bethencourt, Jean de. See Nos. 174, 1104. 37 . 1500 ? Sepher Hatecanot. This MS., though in the Spanish language, is written in Hebrew charac¬ ters. On a fly-leaf the following description appears : “ These are the reforms agreed upon by those [Jews] expelled from Castilia, at Fez, with the advice of the learned and chief men, and, in order for every one to understand, it is written in Castilian.” The volume was presented hy Sir John Drummond Hay to Mr. Aaron Abensur of Tangier, and in 1887 was displayed in the Jewish Exhibition in London by his son Mr. Isaac Abensur of that town, in whose possession it remains. (Times of Morocco, June 23, 1887.) Many of the Morocco Jews who were expelled from Spain in 1492 and the following century call themselves “ descendants of the Catastrophe of Castille ” (Guerous de Castilla), and conclude their notarial documents regarding matters con¬ cerning the Synagogue with the words, “ The whole according to the custom of Castile ” (Hachol Keminahry Castilla). To this day they hold sad com¬ memorations of the autos-da-fe of which their fathers were the victims (Godard, ‘Maroc,’ pp. 15, 16). 38 . 1504-1590. Correspondence between the Government of Portugal and that of Morocco. See Nos. 446, 1119. 39 . 1513. Emanuel the Fortunate, King of Portugal. —Epistola Poten- tissimi: ac Inuictissimi Emanuelis Regis Portugallie, & Algarhior, &c. De Victoriis nup. in Affrica habitis. Ad S. in xro patrem & dnm nostrum dnm. Leone X. Pont. Max. [arms of Portugal on the title-page, but no printer, pub- blisher, or date]. 4to, pp. 5, but without pagination. Concluding with: Dat. in Vrbe nostra Vlyxboh [Lisbon]. Pridie Kalen. Octobris. Anno dni. m.d.xiii.” This brochure, an exquisite specimen of early printing—title black letter, text Roman character—was one of the letters addressed to Leo X. regarding the conquests of Emanuel the Fortunate. It describes the capture of Azamur, and the subjugation of the adjoining country. A reprint of this letter was made in 1541. Basileae : 8vo. 40. 1516. Ibn Ayas, Mohammed. See No. 489. 41. 1532. Passio gloriosi martyris beati fratris Andreae de Spoleto, ordinis minorum regularis observantire p. catholico fidei veritate passi in Afliica civitate Fez. Anno 1532. Tolosote: 4to (in verse). This martyr, usually called Martin de Spoleta,was an Italian Cordelier who came to Fez in 1530, under the protection of Mowlai Ibrahem, brother-in-law of Mowlai Mohammed, a Merini Sultan. But incurring the jealousy of the Jewish Rabbis, owing to his worsting them in argument, he was accused of conspiracy and the practice of magic, and, after being tortured, was done to death by a lance-thrnst and a blow from a tile thrown at him. A translation of this was published at Medina del Campo in 1543, entitled “ Tesauro de virtudes copilado por un religioso portuguez, Sigue el Martyro de Fr. Andres de Espoleto en Fez.” 4to. 42. 1535. Torres, Diego de.— Relacion del origen y successo de los Xarifes y del estado de los Reinas de Marruecos, Fez, Tarudate y los de mas q tienen usiu- pados. Sevilla, 4to, pp. 491, with index of pp. 37. VOL. ill. _ TAs J h/ s A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. ooo JioZ It was translated into French by Charles de Yalois, due d’Angouleme, under the title “ Relation de l’Origine et Succez des Cherifs et de l’Estat des Royaumes de Maroc, Fez et Tarudant et autres provinces qu’ils usurpent, c.d.v.d.d.a ” (Initials of the Due). Paris, 4to, pp. 416. This forms part (pp. 226) of vol. iii. of the translation of Marmol. It was also printed separately in one volume (4to, Paris, Jean Camusat) in 1636. 43. 1543. Mela, Pomponius. —De Situ Orbis. Libri Tres. Basilia3: folio. Many other editions; amongst these may be mentioned: —Pomponii Melas de Situ orbis Libri iii. cum notis integris Hermolai Barbari, Petri Joannes Olivarii, Fredenandi Nonii Pontiani, Petri Ciacconii, Andreas Schottii, Isaaci Vossii, et Jacobi Gronovii, accedunt Petri Joannis Nunnessii Epistola de Patria Pomponii Melas & Adnotata in Proemium, atque duo priora Capita Libri i. et Jacobi Peri- zonii Adnotata ad Libri i. Capita septemdecim, curante Abraliamo Gronovio, Lug. Bat. 4to, 1722, 2nd ed., 1748, pp. 108. Opera et Studio, J. Reinoldii; Eton, 4to, 1814. Collection des Auteurs Latins, avec la traduction en Francais publie par M. aSTisard : Macrobe, Yarron, Pomponius Mela; Paris, 1845, 8vo, pp. 709. Frick,De Chorographia libritres (1808). Mela (No. 9) examines the three divisions of the globe known to the ancients, and describes Mauretania (Chapter V. of Gronovius’ Edition); Numidia, with its capital, Cirta; Africa, with its cities, Hippone, Rusicada, Utica, Carthage, etc., Leptis, Lake Triton, the Island of the Lotophagi, Oea, the modern Tripoli, and the Cyrenaica with the oasis of Jupiter Ammon. 44. 1550. Ramusio [or Rhamnusio], Gian Battista. See Leo, whose work he first edited in his ‘ Navigatione e Viaggi,’ Nos. 45, 49, 50, 51, 109. 45. 1550. Leo Afrieanus.—Della Descrizione dell’ Affrica e delle cose notabile che quive sono per Giovan Leone Affricano. Itinerario di varii rinomati Yiaggiatori nelle parte dell’Affrica, Asia ed America quali si leggono nella raccolta di Giovanbattista Ramvsio. Yoluvme primo, pp. 1-96. Yenezia: folio. This title was changed in later editions (1554, 1563, 1588, 1606, 1613) to ‘ Delle Navigazioni e Yiaggi,’ etc. In spite of all the editorial care of Ramusio (Secretary to the Yenetian Council of Ten), who edited the work from the original MS., translated from Arabic into Italian by Leo himself, it is full of grammatical mistakes, and is written in somewhat uncouth language. The Arabic MS. has long been lost, though it was at one time in the library of Yincenzio Penelli (1535-1601). The Italian text of Leo in Ramusio, now the editio princeps, is dated Rome, March 10, 1526; but there was no pub¬ lished edition of that date. Leo was an Arab of Granada, named El-Hassan bin Mohammed El-Wezaz Al-Fasi—that is, the Fezan, or sometimes from being born in Granada—El- Gharnati (the Granadian), who visited a great part of Africa. He was taken by corsairs off the Island of Jerba about 1520, and baptized by Leo X., who gave him his own name. Though a native of Granada, he went to Africa at a very early age, and studied at Fez ; held many important offices in Morocco; and visited Timbuktu and many parts of the Barbary States before his conversion to Cliristianit} 7 . His later career is shrouded in obscurity. But he is believed to have returned to Africa, recanted Christianity, and died in Tunis. 46. 1550. Salazar, Pedro de. —Historia en la cual se cuentan muchas guerras A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. OQQ • OO entre Oristianos o infideles, con las guerras acontecidas en Berberia entre el Xarifo y los reyes de Marruecos, Fez y Yelez. Medina del Campo: folio. (Duro.) Two other editions in 1570 and 1576. 47. 1551. The originall of the first voyage for traffique into the kingdom of Marocco in Barbarie, begun in the yeere 1551, with a tall ship called the Lion, of London, whereof went as Captaine Master Thomas Windham, as appeareth by this extract of a letter of James Aldaie to the Worshipfull Master Michael Locke, which Aldaie professeth himselfe to haue bene the first inwenter of this trade. (Hak. vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 7.) 48. 1556. Cleynaerts van Diest, Nicolaes (better known by his Latinised name of Nicolaus Clenardus).—Nicolai Clenardi Peregrinationum ac de rebus maohometicis Epistolse elegantissiman Lovanii (Louvain) : 8vo. Another edition in 1561. An abridgment of these letters apjpeared in Adrian van Nispen’s ‘ Reysen wt verscheyde brieven bij een versamelt,’ Dor¬ drecht, 1651, 12mo; and in the ‘ Naauwkeurige Voyage van Nicolaas Clenard na Africa gedaan hit’ jaar 1535, uit syn eygen brieven byeenverzameld,’ as part of a Collection of Voyages, published by Pieter van der Aa, of Leyden, between the years 1707-1709 : ‘ Zee en Land Reysen door Pieter van der Aa, mits garders andere Gewesten geddan, 1246 to 1696, 28 vols.’ folio and 8vo. Some account of him will be found (among other places) in Tiele, ‘Bouwstoffen voor een bibliog. van Ned. Reisbeschr.’ in ‘ Bibliog. Adversaria,’ Deel i. p. 37; St. Genois, i. p. 211, etc. A French translation was published by M. Neve in 1845, q. v. Clenard went to Fez in 1535 (not 1540, as often affirmed) and stayed a year and a half in that city, for the purpose of profiting by its libraries and learning. Ilis account is valuable, brief though it is, as the first since Leo Africanus wrote. But he seems to have been disappointed with his journey; the scholars of Fez being few and the libraries almost non-existent. There was an occasional auction of books at the chief mosque ; the volumes being mainly devotional, and the attendants at the sale more frequently idlers attracted by curiosity than veritable purchasers. 49. 1556. Leo Africanus.—Historiale Description de L’Afriqve, tierce partie dv monde, contenant ses Royaumes, Regions, Viles, Cites, Chateaux, et forteresses : lies, Fleuues, Animaux, tant aquatiques, que terrestres: contumes, loix, religion et facon de faire des liabitas, auec pourtraits de leur liabis: ensemble autres choses memorables, et singulieres nouueautes: Escrite de notre terns par lean Leon African, premierement en langue Arabesque, puis en Toscane, & a present mise in Francois. Plus cinq Nauigations au pais des Noirs, auec les discours sur icelles, comme verres en la page suiuante. Tome Premier, Lyon, par lean Temporal, folio. The first voyage is that of Hanno the Carthaginian. Leo begins at page 1 _the previous 40 pp, being unnumbered—and ends on p. 394. After this follow ike voyages of “Alouys de Cademoste [Alvise da Ca da Mosto], Pierre de Sintre ” [Pedro de Sintra], a Portuguese pilot; a letter written by Amerigo Vespucci to “ Pierre Sodern, Gonfalonier de Florence,” which ends Avith p. 495, after which there is a voluminous index of 20 double-columned unnumbered pages. The Avoodcuts are curious but evidently imaginative. (The copy from which this description is taken belonged to the great Duke of Marlborough.) The translation was made by Temporal the printer, and is the best of any yet made. It is dedicated to the Dauphin, afterwards Francis II., the first husband of Mary Stewart. The kingdom of France is curiously s 2 234 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. enough referred to as “ notre Republique Francoise.” This edition was pirated the same year by Plantin, who six years before had begun his famous printing and publishing house in Antwerp. Anvers, 1556, 8vo, pp. xxvii (not paged) + 413 (on alternate pp. = 826) + Index 47 pp. (not paged). 50. 1556. Ioannis Leonis Africani, De totivs Africa}, descriptione, Libri i. ix. Quibus non solum, Africa} regionum, insularum & oppidorum situs, locorumq’ interualla accurate complexus est, sed Regum familias, bellorum causas & euentus, resq’ in. ea memorabiles, tarn a, seipso diligenti obseruatione in- dagatasq’ in veris Maurorum Annalib. memoria} traditas, copiose descripsit, recens 1 in Latinam linguam conuersi loan. Floriano Interprete. Antverpise : Apud loan. Latium, md.lvi. cum priuilegio, 8vo. Title, privilege, dedication, and index (pp. 32). Text to pp. 302; but as only one side of each leaf is numbered, the pages actually amount to 601. This translation is • the one most frequently quoted. It was made by the Rector of the High School of Antwerp, but is a most inaccurate and misleading version. A second edition appeared in 1558, and it was thrice pirated with all its blunders (see Nos. 51, 180). 51. 1559. Ioannis Leonis Africani de totivs Africa 1 , descriptione Libri ix. Qvibus non solvm Africa} regionum, insularum & oppidorum, situs, locorumq’, interualla accurate complexus est, sed Regium familias, bellorum causas & euentas resq’ in ea memorabiles, tarn a seipso diligenti obseruatione indagatas, quam in veris Maurorum Annalibu. memoria;, traditas, copiose descripsit, recens in Latinam linguam conuersi Ioanne Floriano interprete. Arabice primum scripsit Author: deinde Italico sermone reddidit: Ioannes Florianvs ex Italico Latinum fecit. His recens accedit Hannonis Carthaginensium ducis Nauigatio, qua Libycam oram ultra Herculis columnas lustrauit Conrado Gesnero interprete, cum scholiis. Tigvri [Zurich] per Andream Gesnerum. F. Anno m.d.lix., 12mo. As Florianus (Froppert, ‘ Bibliothec. Belg.,’ p. 639) did not die until 1585, this edition was published in his lifetime. It differs from the original in having the pages (1-517) consecutively numbered, and in the chapters and paragraphs of each book being also numbered. But the type, in italics, is small and not very clear. It is not often met with. The Yoyage of Hanno, separately paged (1-21), is an addition from Ramusio’s Collection. 52. 1552. The Second Voyage to Barbary in the yeere 1552. Set foorth by the right worshipfull Sir John Yorke, Sir William Gerard, Sir Thomas Wroth, Master Francis Lambert, Master Cole, and others ; written by the relation of Master James Thomas, then page to Master Thomas Windham, chiefe Capitaine of this voyage. (Hak. vol. ii, pt. ii., p. 8. ) Windham’s Yoyage is reprinted in Kerr’s ‘Voyages,’ vol. vii., and in Astley’s ‘ New General Collection of Voyages and Travels,’ vol. i. (1745). 53. 1558. Newe Zeitnng aus dem Ivonigreich Fessa in Mauritanien gehn Nurnberg geschrieben. 4to. (Renou.) 54. 1558. Calvete de Estrella, Alfonso.—La Conquista de Africa en Berberia, escrita en latin por . . . Salamanca : 8vo. (Duro.) 55. 1563 ? Butero, Joao.—Relagoes de Africa. (Da Cunha, ‘ PrafO de Mazagam,’ p. 29.) 56. - De Bello Mazaganieo.—MS. Latin poem on the defence of Mazagan under the governorship of Rui de Sousa de Carvalho, contained in the A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 235 Lisbon Library. (Rivara, ‘ Catalogo dos Manuscriptos da Bibliotheca Publica Eborense,’ t. i., p. 219.) It begins 'with these lines : “ Lusiadum ingentes animos, ct funera latos Edita per muros, quos insuperabile tollit.” 57 . 1564. Relacion del Sueeso de la jornada del rio de Tetuan que D. Alvaro de Bazan, Capitan general de las Galeras de Espana, hizo por mandate de S. M. en 1564. MS. in the Acad, of Hist, and Library of the Marine at Madrid. Collection iv. 18. (Duro.) 58. -Escobar, Fr. de.—Discurso de la jornada al Pefion de Velez de la Gomera en 1564. Coll, de docum. ined. para la Hist, de Espana, tom. xiv. (Duro.) 59 . 1565. Velasquez de Velasco. — Description du royaume de Maroc. MS. “Vers 1770 le savant Velasquez de Velasco, prisonnier d’Etot au Pegnon d’Alhucemas, travaillait a des Memoires historiques sur la Barbarie, et a une Description du royaume de Maroc qui sont restes manuscrit.” (Godard, p. 565. Ho. 831. 60. 1566. Collazos, Balt as ar.—Comentarios de la fundacion, conquista y toma del Pehon de la Gomera y lo acaecido, liasta el de desde el aho 1562, a los capitanos de Su Magestad. Valencia : 8vo. (Duro.) 61. 1566. Tebaldi, G. B., and Ulloa, Alfonso.—La Historia dell’ Impresa di Tripoli di Barbaria, della Prcsa del Pegnon di Velez della Gomera in Africa, et del Successo della potentissima armata Turchesca vemtta sopra 1' Isola di Malta l’anno 1565. La descrittione dell’Isola di Malta. II disegno dell’Isola delle Zerbe, & del Forte, fattovi da Christiani & la sua descrittione. Small 4to, view of Tripoli, plan of Malta, and portrait of the Grand Master Giovanni de Valetta. G- B. Tebaldi, Al lettore, pp. 7. Descrittione dell’ Isola di Malta, pp. 5. De¬ scrittione dell’ Isola delle Zerbe et delle mutationi de suo governo, pp. 2. All’ illustrissimo Signor II. S. Gio, Giacomo Fucchero Alfonso Ulloa, pp. 4. II Successo dell’ impresa di Tripoli de Barbaria, pp. 87, with pp. 3 (unnumbered) giving a list of the Knights of Malta who fell in the siege. The recapture of Pegnon di Velez or Badis from the Turks in 1564 is contained in Part iii. p. 51. [Venetia, 1566.] Ulloa in his Dedication to J. J. Fugger mentions that Ferdinand Columbus, son of the great Navigator, gave his library to Seville for the use of the public. 62. 1568. Coelius, Augustinus Curio.—Coelii Augustini Curionis Sarra- cenicae historiae libri iii.; in quibus Sarracenorum, Turcorum, &c. Item Cael. Aug. Cur. Marochensis regni descriptio. Basiieae : 8vo. (Renou.) 63. 1568. Tratado da Vida e Martyrio dos cinco martyros de Marruecos. Coimbra. (Duro.) 64. 1569. The Coppie of a Lettar sent from the King of Moores, as he cawletli hymselfe, i.e. Mawmatt Aumuleize, to Don John of Austria, written in Ferreira, 28 July, Anno 1569. Rehearsing the hardships which his ancestois, Kings of Granada, had received; & particularly those done to himself (only for wearing a Dagger) & to his parents & brother now in the Gallies. For whose Release he promises to send back 400 Prisoners, whom he will burn alive, in case his parents & brother receive further ill usage. (Bib. Harleiante in B. M. Cat. vol. i., No. 60.) 23G A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 65. 1570. Fuentes, Diego. —Conquista tie Africa, donde sc liallan agora nuevamente recopiladas por . . . . Anvers: 12mo, pp. 71. 66. 1570. Salazar, Pedro de. —Historia en la qual sc cuenta, muchas guerras succedidas entre Cliristianos y infideles [printed ivfieles] assi en mar como entierra desde el ano de mil y quincentos y quarenta y seys liasta el setenta y cinco. Con las guerras acontecidas en la Berberia entre el Xarifa y los reyes de Marueccos, Fez, y Yelez. Compuesta por Pedro de S. . . . vezino de la muy noble villa de Madrid. Medina del Campo: fol., pp. 272, = 544, as only alternate pages are numbered. 67. 1571. Osorius Hieronymus, “Lvsitam suivensis ; in Algarbiis episcopi ” (Bishop of Sylves, in Portugal).—De rebus Emmanuelis Ilegis Lusitania}, gestis Libri xii. Colonire : folio. This work contains an account of all Emanuel the Eortunate’s conquests in Morocco. It was reprinted in 1586:—De Bebvs Emmanvelis Lusitania} regis invic- tissimi virtvte et avspicio, libri duodecim. Item : lo: Matatii Metetti. De reperta ab Hispanis et Lusitanis, in Occidentis et Orientis Indiani, nauviga- tione deq. populorum ejus vita, moribus, ac ritibus. Colonia?, 1586: 8vo, pp. lx. 368. Translated into French, 1587 :—Osorius lerosme. “ Histoire de Portvgal, contenant les entrepris, nauigations & gestes memorables des Portugallois, tant en la conqueste des Indes Orientales, par eux descouuertes, qu’es guerres d’Afrique & autres exploits, etc. etc.” Paris: 8vo, pp. 14 (unpaged) + 1360 (paged 680, but on alternate pages) + 42 (Genealogy and Index unpaged). Translated into English in 1752 :—History of the Portuguese during the Beign of Emmanuel; containing all their Discoveries, from the Coast of Africk to the farthest parts of China : their Battles by Sea and Land, their Sieges and other memorable Exploits: with a Description of these Countries, and a particular account of the Beligion, Government, and Customs of the Natives; including also the Discovery of the Brazils and their Wars with the Moors. Translated by J. Gibbs. London : 2 vol. 8vo. 68. 1572-1618. Braun, Georgius, et Franciscus Hogenbergius. —Civitates orbis terrarum, &c. Colonhe Agrippina}: 4 vol. folio, not paged. Very little about Morocco. 69. 1573. Marmol-Caravajal, Buy. —Descripcion general de Affrica, con todos los sucesos hasta el ano 1571, de guerras que a avido entre los infieles y el pueblo christiano. Granada: 3 vol. folio. Malaga, 1599 (the first book printed in that city). Book I. contains a general description of Africa. Book II. The Sect of Mohammed and the progress of his successors in Europe, Asia and Africa, including the establishment of the Arabs in Morocco. Book III. is devoted to Morocco. Book IV. to Fez. The rest of the book relates to other parts of Africa. Marmol was a native of Granada, served in the expedition of Charles V. against Algiers, was taken prisoner, and travelled during seven years and eight months over a great part of North Africa. A French translation was published by D’Ablancourt at Paris in 1667, 3 vol. 4to, pp. 532, 578, 304. 70. 1575. Thevet, Andre. —Cosmographie universelle. Paris : folio. At vol. i., p. 9, is a view of Pehon Velez de Gomera, with a description of Africa taken from Leo. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 287 71. 1575. iEthicus. —Cosmographia. Ant. Augusti itinerarium provinciarum ex bibliotheca P. Pithoei, cum. scholiis forming part of Van der Aa’s ‘Zee en Land Reysen,’and the other 8vo (Leyden, pp. 61) with plates, No. 322. 308. 1694. St. Olon, Pidou de.—Estat Present de l’Empire de Maroc- Paris : 12mo, pp. 223. Another edition was published in 1695, with 8 plates, one a plan of the town of Larache, under the title: ‘ Relation de l’Empire de Maroc, ou Ton vo/t A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 271 - la Situation du Pays, les Moeurs, Coutumes, Q-ouvernement, Religion et Politique des Habitants, par M. de S. Olon, Ambassadeur du Hoy a la Colli¬ de Maroc.’ 12mo, pp. 127. There is an English translation by Peter Motteux, 1696, ‘ The present State of the Empire of Morocco, with a faithful Account of the Manners, Religion, and Government of that people ’; and a Dutch translation (12mo) was pub¬ lished at the Hague in 1698, ‘ Beschryving van bet Keyseryk van Marokko, etc.,’ with plates. In the Catalogue of the Fonthill Abbey Library (Beckford’s), p. 300, appears this entry: ‘ Estat present de l’Empire de,Maroc, a M. Colbert de Croisy par le Sieur de St. Olon, 1693, folio, a manuscript.’ Where is this MS.? The author was sent by Louis XIV. to effect an exchange of slaves, and to conclude a treaty of peace and alliance against the Algerines. He disembarked, in the Bay of Tetuan and met the Sultan at Mekenes, but he had to leave the country without effecting his object. He was even imprisoned for some time at Tetuan by the Kaid of that place. 309. 1694. Schauplatz barbarischer Selaverei, oder, von Algier, Tripoli, Tunis, und Salee. Hamburg : 8vo, pp. 124. 310. 1694. Gerrit van Spaan. —Afrikaansche Weg-wijzer. Rotterdam: 8vo. (Renou.) 311. 1696. Discours veritable de la bataille donnee pres de Fez, en Affrique- le 30 aoust. Paris : 8vo. The battle here celebrated was that of Tagouat, in which Moulai Sheikh defeated Moulai Nasr, nephew of Abd-el-Melek, who had been killed at the battle of El-Kasar, mainly through the help rendered by the “Euldj” or renegades. 312. 1696. Mocquet, John. —Travels into Africa, Asia, and America, the East and West Indies, Syria, Jerusalem, and the Holy Land; by John Mocquet, keeper of the Cabinet of Rarities in the Thuileries. Translated by Nathaniel Pullen. London: 8vo, with curious woodcuts. See No. 147. 313. 1696. Voyage de M. le Baron de St. Amand, Capitaine de Vaisseau, Am¬ bassadeur du roy tres chretien, vers le roy de Maroc, par un officier de Marine. Lyon: 12mo, pp. 136. See No. 297. 314. 1696. Spotswood (Surgeon).—Phytologia Tingitaua. (A Catalogue of plants growing within the fortifications of Tangier.) Phil. Trans, vol. xix., pp. 239-249. Abr. iv., p. 85. Spotswood was surgeon to “ Kirk’s Lambs ” during the occupation of Tangier. His catalogue, compiled in 1673, comprises 600 species. He collected many of the plants sent to Zanoni by Balaam, and also despatched* many to Dr. Morison at Oxford. His species are now rather difficult to identify, and are not included in either Ball’s or Cosson’s works. 315. 1697. Herbelot, Barthdlmy d’. —Bibliotheque Orientale, ou dictionnaire universal, contenant tout ce qui fait connaitre les peuples de l’Orient. Paris : folio. This work, on which the compiler spent nearly all his life, was published by Galland (of ‘ The Arabian Nights’), two years after the author’s death. It is based on the huge Arabic Dictionary of Hajji Khalfa, of which indeed it is for the most part an abridged translation. But it also contains a digest of many- other Arabic and Turkish works and MSS. under an alphabetical arrangement, including all then known about the principal towns of Morocco. 272 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. It was reprinted at Maestricht (fol. 1776), and at Halle in 1785. Bat the best edition is the Hague one (4 vols., 4to, 1777-82), which contains the corrections and additions of Yisdelon, Schultens, Reiske, and Galland. It is still a work of importance, and, to all but widely read Orientalists, indispensable. 316. 1698-1712. Moreri, Louis, Pretre, Docteur en Theologies—Le Grand dictionnaire historique, &c. Paris : folio, 6 vols. This contains an article in vol. iv. on Morocco. 317. 1699. Embassy of Ben Aissa, Admiral of Sallee, to Louis XIV. See the Mercure galant of this year, from February to June, quoted by Thomassy, p. 164. See also Nos. 318, 702. 318. 1700. Relation historique de l’Amour de l’emperour du Maroc pour Madame la Princesse Doiiariere de Conty, escrite en forme de Lettres a un Personne de Quaiitie par Mr. le Comte D. Cologne : 2 editions, one in small type, pp. 140, the other divided into 11 letters. 12mo, pp. 256. These letters are founded on the historical fact that Ivloulai Ismail had the effrontery to ask in marriage Mdlle. de Blois, afterwards Princess de Conti, daughter of Louis XIY. and Mdlle. de la Valliere,—an incident which sent half the writers of Yersailles into verse and epigram. 319. 1705. PuffendorfF, Samuel. —An Introduction to the History of the Kingdoms and States of Asia, Africa and America, both ancient and modern, according to the method of ... . London : 8vo, pp. xx. 621 + Index. Chapters ii. (partly) and iii. (pp. 466-490) of Part II. are on the Sheriffs of Fez and Morocco, chiefly compiled from Ho. C. No. 125. 320. 1705. Harris, John. —Navigantium atque Itinerantium Bibliotheca, or a complete collection of voyages and travels, consisting of above four hundred of the most authentic writers ; beginning with Hackluit, Purchass, &c., in English; Ramusio, Alamandini, Carreri, &c., in Italian; Thevenot, Renaudot, Labat, &c., in French; DeBry and Grynrei Novus Orbis Maffaeus, in Latin; Herrera,Oviedo, Coreal, &c., in Spanish; the Yoyages under the direction of the East India Company in Holland, in Dutch; and continued with others of note, &c., &c. London: 2 vol. folio, pp. 862, 928, and [App.] 56. This contains : A particular account of the kingdom of Morocco, taken out of John Leo. Additions collected from Marmol. John Leo’s description of the kingdom of Fez. Additions out of Marmol, vol. i., pp. 316-338. The rise and progress of the Xeriffian family in Barbary, with some remarks upon the policy and trade of that kingdom. Collected from the writings of Ro. C., vol. i., pp. 363-367. In the 1764 edition [by John Campbell] this paper is omitted. 321. 1707-1747. Cliurcliill’s Collection of Voyages and Travels. 8 vols. folio. Vol. viii. contains : Dunton, John, ‘ True journal of the Sallee Fleet,’ with the Proceedings of the Voyage. Phelps, Thomas, ‘ True account of his Captivity at Machaness,’ in Bar¬ bary in 1684-5. 322. 1707. Zee en Land Reysen, door P. van der Aa, mestgarden an dere Gewesten geddan 1246 tot 1696. 28 vols. folio. Leyden. See No. 307. 323. 1707. Alexandro de la Madre de Dios. —Chronica de los Descalzos de la S. Trinidad, redemcion de cautivos. 4to, Alcala de Henares, 1707. Madrid. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 273 324. 1708. San Juan, Fr. Francisco de, Predicador Apostolico, Calificador de el Santo oficio y Guardian de el Real Convento de Mequinez.—Mission Historial de Marruecos, en que se trata de los Martirios, persecuciones y trabajos, que ban padecido los Missionarios, y frutos que han cogido las Missiones, que desde sus principios tuvo la Orden Seraphica en el Imperio de Marruecos, y continiia la provincia de San Diego de Franciscos Descalcos de Andalucia en cl mismo Imperio. Sevilla: folio, pp. 829. 325. 1710. Lima, Joseph Guterres de.—Relacao dos Successos e movimentos da Praca de Mazagao. MS. (Da Cunha, p. 114.) 326. 1710. Diaz, Josd.—Relacion de Marruecos por D. Jose Diaz,' embajador. Traducida del espanol en Ingles. London: 4to. (Duro.) 327. 1712. Marmol, T.—Relation de trois voyages faits dans les etats du roy de Maroc pour la redemption des captifs en 1704-1708, 1712. Written by the priests of the order of La Merci. This is unknown at the Bib. Nat. Paris, and British Museum. 328. 1713. Ockley, Simon, M.A. —An account of South-West Barbary; con¬ taining what is most remarkable in the Territories of the king of Fez and Morocco. Written by a Person who had been a Slave there a considerable time, and published from his Authentick Manuscript. To which are added Two Letters; one from the present King of Morocco to Colonel Kirk; the other to Sir Cloudesly Shovell, with Sir Cloudesly’s answer. London: 12mo, pp. xssi. 152, and map. A French translation published at Paris, 1726, 12mo: ‘ Relation des etats de Fez et de Maroc, par un Anglois qui y a ete longtems esclave; publie par Simon Ockley.’ The MS., which accidentally fell into the hands of Dr. Ockley, Professor of Arabic in Cambridge and author of the ‘ History of the Saracens,’ was only a fragment. The author of it is not known. 329. 1713. Lasor a Varea, Al.—Universus Terrarum Orbis, etc. (Europa, Asia, America et Africa). Patavii: 2 vols., folio. 330. 1714. Busnot, Fere Dominique, of the Order of the Trinity.—Histoire du regne de Mouley Ismael, Roy de Maroc, Fez, Tafilet, Sous, &c. De la Revolte & fin tragique de plusieurs de ses Enfans & de ses Femmes. Des affreux supplices de plusieurs de ses Officiers & Sujets. De son Genie, de sa Politique & de la Maniere dont il gouverne son Empire. De la cruelle persecution que souffrent les Esclaves Chretiens dans ses Etats, avec le recit de trois Voyages a Miquenez & Ceuta pour leur Redemption & plusieurs Entretiens sur la Tradition de l’Eglise pour leur soulagement. Rouen: 12mo, pp. 254 + 16 +278 (containing “La Tradition de l’Eglise,” in two parts). An English edition appeared in 1715, London, 8vo, pp. 250, with Map of “The Dominions of the King of Fez by Talabe-Bongeman, Doctor of the Alcoran” (taken from Moiiette), entitled ‘The History of the Reign of Muley Ismael, the Present King of Fez, Tafilet, Sous, &c. Of the Revolt and Tragical End of several of his Sons and of his Wives. Of the horrid Execution of many of his Officers and Subjects. Of his Genius, Policy, and Arbitrary Government. Of the cruel Persecutions of the Christian Slaves in his Dominions. With an Account of the three Voyages to Miquenez and Ceuta, in order to Ransom them. By F. Dominick Busnot, one of the Commissaries for the Redemption of the Captives in the Dominion of Morocco. Translated from the Original French, now first Printed at Roan, this present year 1714.’ “ La Tradition de 1’Eglise ” is not translated in this edition. 274 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. This “ tradition ” is however reprinted with some slight alterations and separate pagination (1-30 + 5 Privilege du Roi) in PP. Franpois Comelin, Philemon de la Motte, and Joseph Bernard’s 1 Voyage pour la redemption des Captifs aux royaumes d’Alger et de Tunis, fait en 1720.’ Paris : 8vo, 1721 (pp. 169 + pp. lx.—List of Slaves ransomed), Nos. 217, 218 of the ‘ Bibliography of Algeria.’ 331. 1714. Atlas G-eographieus, or Compleat System of Geography (ancient and modern) for Africa; containing what is of most use in Bleau, Varenius, Cella- rius, Claverius, Brandrand, Sanson, &c. London: 4to. The fourth vol. (pp. 808) is illustrated with 17 maps and cuts. The part referring to Barbary is from pp. 143 to 308. History of Fez and Morocco, pp. 218-221. Morocco in general, pp. 272-284. 332. 1714. Aldrete, Bernardo.—Varias antiguedades de Espaha, Africa, y otras provincias. Amberes: 4to. Another edition, Brusselas, 4to, 1724. 333. 1715. Jones, Zachariah.—Dissertatio de lingua Shilhense, at the end of Chamberlayne’s ‘ Oratio Dominica Indexensis linguas Versa.’ Amsterdam: 4to. 334. 1718. Echard, Laurence.—The History of England from the restoration of King Charles II. to the conclusion of the Reign of King James II. and establishment of King William and Queen Mary. London : folio, 3 vols. At vol. iii., p. 591, is an account of the Debate in Parliament on the King’s Speech in relation to Tangier (Lord Bellasis then being a prisoner in the Tower for the Popish plot). See No. 390. 335. 1719. Millets, Allain Manesson. — Besclireibung des ganzen Welt- Ivreises dammen. Vol. xiv., North Africa, with maps and views. 336. 1720. Ceuta. — Relacion de la tercera victoria que el exercito de su Magestad logro el dia 21 de Diciembre de 1720 en los campos de Ceuta, donde los Moros, en niimero de sesenta mil hombres, volvieron a atacarle, y fueron derrotados, con perdida de siete a ocho mil hombres. Madrid: 4to, pp. 6. (Duro.) 337. -Libertada, 6 historia del sitio de Ceuta bajo el mando del Marques de Leganes. MS. en la Bib. Nac. (Duro.) 338. 1720. Vega, Francisco de.—Chronica de la Provincia de Castilla de la SS. Trinidad. (Goddard.) Liv. 3, ch. 9, contains a list of 150 captives freed at Fez. 339. 1721. Relazione della Segnalata Vittoria riportata dall’ armi di S. M. Cattolica nel proprio Carnpo, nel quale vennero a dar Battaglia gli Mori con tutto il loro Esercito composto di 36 Milla Uomini, sotto li 9 Decembre 1720. Bar- cellona, Genova, Bologna : 4to, pp. 4. 340. 1721. Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Fez, 23rd January, 1721, by Ahmed Basha, and the Hon. Charles Stewart, H.M. Ambassador. This was renewed by Art. XL. of the Treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, vol. i., p. 89.) Provides for freedom of trade, and mutual permission to send on board vessels to examine passports. 341. 1724. Relation de ce qui s’est passe dans les trois voyages que les reli- gieux de l’Ordre de Nostre Dame de la Mercy ont faits dans les etats du roy de Maroc pour la redemption des Captifs en 1704, 1708, et 1712. Par un des Peres, deputez pour la redemption de la Congregation de Paris du meme Ordre. Dedie aux eveques de Bretagne. Paris: 16mo, pp. 438. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 275 More valuable than other works of a similar nature, and contains much general information regarding the country. 342. 1725. Windus, John.—A Journey to Mequinez, the residence of the present Emperor of Fez and Morocco, on the occasion of Commodore Stewart’s Embassy thither for the redemption of the British Captives in the year 1721. London: 8vo, pp. xxx. 251, x. (Index), with 5 plates. Dublin Ed. 1726. See also Pinkerton’s Voyages, vol. xv., pp. 442-498; Drake’s Voyages, pp. 490-496. A German translation published at Hanover, 1726, 4to, pp. 131 + index and errata, with the same plates (plus an imaginary portrait of Moulai Ismail—the same indeed which appeared in 1670 as that of Moulai Er- Raschid, No. 251) : ‘ Reisen nach Mequinez, der Residenz des heutigen Kaysers von Fez und Marocco, Welche der Herr Commandeur, Carl Stuart, als Gross- Britannischer Gesandter, Anno 1721, zu Erledigung der dortigen Gefangenen abgeleget hat, und in diesen 1725 Jahre zu London durch John Windus herausgegeben. Auch mit saubern Kupfern erlautert worden est, Aus dem Englischen uberzeizet Durch F. G. Weber. The Emperor Moulai Ismail was 87 years of age, and had reigned 53 years. On the arrival of the Embassy at Mekenes the total number of Christian captives there was 1100, of whom 300 were English; these latter were liberated. The name of Windus is not given on the title-page as the author —only in the dedication. 343. 1726. [Chetwood, Robert.] Boyle, Captain Robert.—The Voyages and Adventures of Captain Robert Boyle, in several parts of the world, inter¬ mix’d with the Story of Mrs. Villars, an English. Lady, with whom he made his surprizing Escape from Barbary. Likewise Including The History of an Italian Captive, and the Life of Don Pedro Aquilo, &c. Full of various and amazing Turns of Fortune. London : [Plate] 8vo, pp. 295. This is a fictitious narrative. Various English editions were published. There was, for instance, a sixth in 1762. The last (pp. 374) was issued in 1828. The first issue is so rare that it is priced at £3 10s. A French edition was published at Amsterdam, 2 vols., 12mo, 1730. 344. 1726. Les peres Jean de la Faye, Denis Mackar, Augustin d’Arcisas, Henry Be Roy, deputez de l’Ordre de la Sainte-Trinite dits Maturins.—Relation en forme de Journal du voiage pour la redemption des Captifs au roiaumes de Maroc et d’Alger. Paris: 16mo, pp. x. + 364+xii. (With portrait of Marie Leczinska, Queen of France, and a folding plate of Mowlai Ismail giving audience to the priests sent to ransom French captives). 345. 1727 (area). Mohammed Es-seghir bin el-Haj Abdulla el-TJfrani. See No. 1921. This author lived under the reign of Mowlai Ismail (1672-1727), and perhaps later. 346. 1728. Labat, le P6re Jean Baptiste.—Nouvelle relation de l’Afrique occidentale, contenant une description exacte du Senegal et des pa'is situes entre le cap Blanc et la riviere de Serrelione, jusqu’A plus de 300 lieues en avant dans les terres. L’histoire naturelle de ces pais, les differentes nations qui y sont repandues, leurs religions et leurs moeurs, avec letat ancien et present des com- pagnies qui y font le commerce. Paris; 5 vols., 12mo, with maps, plans, and figures. This well-known classic is practically an account of Briies’ various journeys in the Senegal and Gambia country. But in chapter xx. there are references to the Sultan of Morocco, &c. 276 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 347. 1728. Kennet, White, Bishop of Peterborough.—A Register and Chro¬ nicle, Ecclesiastical and Civil, containing Matters of fact Delivered in the Words of the most Authentick Books, Papers and Records; digested in Exact Order of Time, with proper Notes and References, &c. London : folio, pp. 938. At p. 559 is the ‘ Journal of the Earl of Sandwich in the Streights,’ 1661, MS. P. 781. “ When we had sold Dunkirk, then Tangier was cried up as a place of much greater importance.” P. 329. Tangier declared a free port. 348. 1728. Innocencia insultada, ou noticia da barbara atrocidade com que os Negros Mahometanos sem outro motivo mais que o odio que tern nos pro- fessores da Fe de Christo insultarao o Convento da Conceycao que os Missionaries de Sao Francisco tern na Cidade de Mequinez, colhida de varias chegadas da quelle paiz. Lisboa. 349. 1729. Braithwaite, John.—The History of the Revolutions in the Empire of Morocco, upon the death of the late Emperor Muley Ishmael; being a most exact Journal of what happen’d in those parts in the last and part of the present year. With Observations Natural, Moral and Political relating to that country and People. With a map of the country engraven by Mr. Senex. London: 8vo, pp. 381. This contains a valuable journal of the mission of John Russel, Esq., to Morocco for the liberation of captives. The author served in the reign of Queen Anne, both on sea and land, as ensign in the Royal Guards, lieutenant in the Welsh Fusiliers, and in France, Lombardy and Venice as secretary to Christopher Cole, who was English Resident in the last-named State. He com¬ manded in the expedition to Santa Lucca and St. Vincent; was the first volunteer that entered Gibraltar after its capture, and died in Guinea in the service of the Royal African Company. A French translation was published in 1731: ‘ Histoire des Revolutions de l’Empire de Maroc depuis la mort du dernier Empereur Muley Ismael, qui contient une relation exacte de ce qui s’est passe dans cette contree pendant l’annee 1727 et une partie de 1728. Avec observations naturelles, morales et politiques sur le pays et les habitans. Traduit du Journal Anglois, ecrit par le Capitaine Braithwaite, qui a accompagne Mr. Jean Russel, Ecuyer, Consul General de Sa Majeste Britannique en Barbarie; et qui a ete te'moin oculaire des plus remarquables evenemens mentionnez dans cet ouvrage. Et enrichie d’une Carte de cette partie de l’Afrique.’ Amsterdam : 12mo, pp. 470. A German translation appeared in 1730: ‘ Allerneueste Maroccanische Staats-Veriinderungen,’ with a map. Hamburg : 4to. 350. 1729. Thou, J. A. de.—History of his own time. Translated from the Geneva edition of 1620, by Bernard Wilson, A.M., Vicar of Newark-upon-Trent, and Prebendary of Lincoln. London : 2 vol. folio, pp. 699 and 568. Books VII. and XX. give an account of the affairs of Africa—Fez, Morocco, Tremezen and Tunis, and descent of the Turks on Africa, at Tripoli, in the 53rd year of that century [sixteenth]. Buafon (Bu Ilassan), brother of the King of Fez, having made a descent with Portuguese help on Alhazemas, his ships were attacked by “ Sala Rous, Governor of Algiers, in the name of Soliman, Emperor of the Turks.” Afterwards Buaf.on goes to Algiers, and Sala Rous becomes his ally against Fez. 351. 1729. Additional Articles between Great Britain and Morocco, signed A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 277 at Fez, 10th July, 1729, by John Russel. Renewed by Article XL. of the Treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, i., p. 93.) Moors or Jews permitted to trade with, but not to reside in Gibraltar and Minorca. British subjects on board prizes to be given up. 352. 1730. Several Voyages to Barbary, containing an historical and geographical account of the country, with the hardships, sufferings, and manner of redeeming Christian slaves, together with a curious description of Mequinez, Oran and Alcazar, with a Journal of the Siege and Surrender of Oran, to which are added the maps of Barbary and the Sea-coasts; the prospects of Mequinez and Alcazar; an exact plan of Oran, and a View of the Ancient Ruins near Mequinez [Volubilis], all design’d by Captain Henry Boyde, the whole illustrated with Notes Historical and Critical. London : 8vo, pp. 146 and 158. A second edition, with corrections, appeared in 1736. This book, often catalogued as by Captain Henry Boyde, is a plagiarism from the works of the Trinitarian Fathers (No. 344). The first part is an avowed translation from this narrative, with a number of particularly offensive notes by the translator (J. Morgan), and a list of British captives ransomed by George I. and George II. supplied by Captain Boyde—or Boyd—who was master of the Neptune, 80 tons and ten men, bound from St. Lucar with fruit to London, when he was taken by “ Sallee rovers.” His share in the volume was simply to supply the engravings in the volume. In reality Boyd, who was among the 296 slaves ransomed by Commodore Stewart in 1721, was dead before the book was published. The second part is a compilation from various sources on the history and capture of Oran. The maps are of little value, but the other “ prospects ” are of historical interest. 353. 1731-1740. Wadding, Luca.—Annales Minorum seu trium ordinum A. S. Francisco institutorum auctore Luca Waddingo, Hiberno. Romae: 20 vols. 354. 1732. Menezes, D. Fernando de, Conde da Ericeira, Capitao General de Tangere.—Historia de Tangere, que comprehende as noticias desde a sua primeira conquista a sua ruina. Lisboa Occidental: folio, pp. 304. Published after the death of the author, who was the last Portuguese Governor of Tangier, by Lorez Ferreira. It is a work of the highest historical value. 355. 1732. Anderson, William.—Royal Genealogies from Adam to these times. Genealogical Tables of Emperors, Kings and Princes, and the Earliest Great Families of Asia, Europe, Africa, America, and the British Isles. London : roy. folio. This work is professedly based on the ‘ Genealogische Tabellen ’ of Johann Hiibner. 356. 1733. Monsieur * * *.—Histoire de l’Empire des Cherifs en Afrique, sa description geographique et historique; la relation de la prise d’Oran, par Philippe V. Roy d’Espagne, avec l’abrege de la vie de Monsieur de Santa Cruz cy-devant Ambassadeur en France, et Gouverneur d’Oran, depuis la prise de cette ville. Ornee d’un plan tres exact de la Ville d’Oran, et d’une Carte de l’Empire des Cherifs. Paris: 18mo, pp. 346+162. Attributed to the Abbd Boulet. 357. 1734. Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed by John Leonard Sollicoffre, on the 15th December. Provides that English subjects taken on board enemies’ ships are to be given up to the Consul. Renewed by Article XL. of the Treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, vol. i., p. 95.) Mutual protection to subjects of each Power on prizes. ■278 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. <358. 1734. Journaal, van het oost-indische Schip Blydorp, uitgevaren na Batavia. In den Jaare 1733, den G. July, en tusschen den 11. en 12. Augustus, aan de Moorze Kust Verongelakt. [Vignette] Amsterdam (“ Gedrukt by de Wed J. van Egmont”) : 4to, pp. 8. Text Black letter, Titlepage Boman. A narrative of a wreck on the Morocco coast. The only copy known to the compilers is that in the collection of Dr. It. Brown. 359. 1735. Reglamentos para la provision de los presidios de Africa. Madrid. 360. 1735. Lambrechts, M.—Journael gehouden in’s lands Schip van oorlog ’t Zeepaard, Kapt. M. Lambrechts, om te Kruyssen op de Saleesche en andere rovers. Handschrift van 226 pag. fol. Dagboek geschreven door den Komman- dant expeditie. MS. in the University Library of Leyden. (Veth and Kan.) 361. 1738. Leo Africanus.—Extracts from the Nubian’s Geography [Edrisi’s], Leo the African, and other Authors antient and modern, concerning the Niger, Nile or Gambia, and observations thereon. These form an Appendix to:—■ Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa, etc., by Francis Moore, Factor for several years to the Boyal African Company of England. London: 8vo, pp. 305 +Appendix pp. 86 + 4+23. Also Drake’s Voyages, pp. 519-532. The extracts from ‘John Leo the African’s Geographical History of Africa’ are original translations from the Italian, and occupy pp. 20-79. There are a few elucidatory notes. This work was published by Edward Cave, the year after Dr. Johnson became one of his “ literary hands.” It is prefaced by a very learned intro¬ duction, which bears evidences of what may be called Johnson’s earlier and better style, and may possibly with the translations be by him. It is remarkable in one respect that the writer for the first time suggests that the Lotos of Homer, which has been the theme of so many identifications, was simply the date, and that “ the divine nectarious juice ” which caused the companions of Ulysses to rest in forgetfulness was the familiar palm wine. 362. 1738. Relation de la captivite et du rachat de treize esclaves marseillais . . . dediee a MM. les Directeurs de la Redemption generale des pauvres esclaves de Marseille et son territoire, par un des treize esclaves. Marseille: 4to. 363. 1740. Memoirs of the Duke of Ripherda: First Embassador from the States General to his Most Catholick Majesty, Then Duke and Grandee of Spain ; Afterwards Bashaw and Prime Minister to Muly Abdalla, Emperor of Fez and Morocco, &c. Containing A Succinct Account of the most Remarkable Events which happen’d between 1715 and 1736. Interspers’d throughout with Several Curious Particulars relating to the Cardinals del Guidice and Alberoni, the Princess of Ursins, Prince Cellamere, the Marquis Beretti Landi, M. de Santa Cruz, and other Persons of Distinction in the Spanish Court. As also a Distinct and Impartial Detail of the Differences between the Courts of London and Madrid ; with many Authentick Memorials and other valuable Papers. And an Alphabetical Index. London: 8vo, pp. xv. 344 +Index pp. 8. 364. 1740. Saunier de Beaumont, L’Abbe, under the pseudonym of De Crouzenac, Gentilhomme Gascon.—Histoire de la derniere revolution arrivee dans l’empire ottoman le 23 Sep. 1730, avec quelques observations sur l’etat de la ville et empire du Maroc. Paris: 12mo. (Guy.) 365. 1742. [Mairault, Adrian Maurice de.]—Relation de ce qui s’est passe A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 279 dans le Royaume de Maroc depuis l’annee 1727 jusqu’en 1737. Paris: 12mo pp. 294. An account of the civil war following Mowlai Ismail’s death. 366. 1742. Pellow, Thomas. — The History of the Long Captivity and Adventures of ... in South Barbary, Giving an account of his being taken by Sallee Rovers, and carry’d a Slave to Mequinez at Eleven Years of age; his various Adventures in that Country for the Space of Twenty-three Years; Escape and Return Home. In which is introduced a particular Account of the Manners and Customs of the Moors; the Astonishing Tyrranny and Cruelty of their Emperors, and a Relation of all those Great Revolutions and Bloody Wars which happen’d in the Kingdoms of Fez and Morocco between the Years 1720 and 1736. Together with' a description of the Cities, Towns, and Public Buildings in those Kingdoms; Miseries of the Christian Slaves; and many other Curious Parti¬ culars, etc. London: 8vo, pp. 388. See also No. 1945. 367. 1744? Dekker, Jan.—Beschryvinge Yan de Yoornaam, te en merk- waardigste voorvallen, welke Jan Dekker in zyn 28. Jaarige Slaverny in Barbary en syn overgekemen. Hoorn : 12mo. This extremely rare Dutch booklet of 69 pp. gives the author’s experience during his 28 years’ captivity in Morocco. He was “ taken ” in 1715 and carried into “La Rassi” (Laraiche = El Araish), from whence he was, as usual with Christian captives, marched into the interior, visiting in the course of his long slavery many parts of the empire, including Tablet. 368. 1745. The Harleian Collection.—Yoyages and Travels not before collected in English (or which have been abridged in other collections). Compiled from the Library of Edward Harley, Earl of Oxford, with Maps and Plates [sometimes called “ Osborne’s Collection ”]. London: 2 vols., folio. In vol. ii. there are the following relating to Morocco:—John Dunton, True Journal of the Sallee Fleet, with the Proceedings of the Yoyage 1636-37 pp. 491. Thomas Phelps, Account of the Captivity in Barbary of, 1684-85, pp. 499. 369. 1746. Presidios de Africa.—Reglamentos para estos. Madrid: 8vo. (Duro.) 370. 1746-1789. Prevost, l’Abbe [and others].—Histoire generate des voyages, ou nouvelle collection de toutes les relations de voyages par mer et par terre qui ont ete publiees jusqu’a present dans les differentes langues de toutes les nations connues. Paris: 20 vols., 4to. Dutch edition, 21 vols., Amsterdam: 4to, 1767. 371. 1745-47. Astley, Thomas.—New General Collection of Voyages and Travels, &c. London: 4 vols., 4to. In vol. i. is a reprint of Thomas’ Second Voyage to Barbary in 1552, by Captain T. Windham. 372. 1748. The Life and Surprizing Adventures of James Wyatt, containing his entering himself Trumpeter on board the Revenge Privateer, Captain James Wimble, May 29th, 1741, etc., etc. London : 12mo, portrait and 3 plates, pp. vi. 181. A sixth edition, 1755. This narrative of an Exeter man who was “ taken ” by the Moors North of Senegal is evidently truthful, or at least based on a substratum of fact. An account of Santa Cruz (Agadir) is given on pp. 21-27. 373. 1748. The Case of poor British Slaves in Morocco. ‘ Gentleman’s Maga¬ zine,’ vol. xviii. pp. 413, 482, 531. VOL. III. x 280 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 374. 1749. [? Seran de la Tour.]—Histoire de Mouley Mahamet, fils de Mouley Ismael, Roy de Maroc. Geneve: 12mo [no author or publisher’s name], pp. xxiv. 321. 375. 1750 ? Kort dog opregt verhaal van alle de wreedhens in hunne slavernyo onder de Mooren geleeden door de equipage van Het Huys in t’ Bos op de Moorsze Ivust. Amsterdam (Wed. J. van Egmont) : 4to, with plates and figures. (Posthumus’ Library.) An account of the slavery of shipwrecked seamen in Morocco. 376. 1750. [Morgan, J.]—A compleat history of the Piratical States of Barbary, viz. Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and Morocco. Containing the Origin, Revolutions, and present State of those kingdoms, their Forces, Revenues, Policy, and Commerce. Illustrated with a plan of Algiers and a map of Barbary, by a Gentleman who resided there many years in a public character. London : 8vo, pp. 368. This work is of little value; so far as Algiers is concerned, it is largely based on Laugier de Tassy’s ‘ Histoire du Royaume d’Alger,’ 1725, which was again to some extent copied from Marmol. But for the other States he draws upon various writers, having himself no personal acquaintance with Tunis, Tripoli, or Morocco. Morgan was an indefatigable plagiarist; his account of Morocco is taken without acknowledgment from Windus, Ockley, Braithwaite, &c. An Italian version was published in London in 1754, entitled ‘Istoria degli Stati di Algeri, Tunisi, Tripoli e Marocco,’ 12mo, pp. 376; and a French one in 1757, translated by Boyer de Prebandier: ‘Histoire des Etats Barba- resques qui exercent la Piraterie. Contenant l’origine, les revolutions et l’etat present des Royaumes d’Alger, de Tunis, de Tripoli et de Maroc, avec leurs forces, leurs revenus, leur politique et leur commerce. Par un auteur qui y a reside plusieurs annees, avec caractere public, traduit de l’anglais.’ Paris: 2 vols. 12mo, pp. 338 + 287. 377. 1750. Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Fez, 15th January; negotiated by William Petticrew, H.B.M. Consul-General. This was renewed by Article XL. of the Treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, vol. i. p. 96.) 378. 1750. Meinguy.-—Histoire des revolutions de l’empire des Arabes. Paris : 4 vol. 12mo. 379. 1751. Troughton, Thomas.—Barbarian Cruelty ; or, an accurate and Impartial Narrative of the Unparallel’d Sufferings and almost incredible Hardships of the British Captives belonging to the Inspector, Privateer, Capt. Richard Veale Commander, during their Slavery under the arbitrary and despotic Government of Muley Abdallah, Emperor of Fez and Morocco, from January 1745-6 to their happy Ransom and Deliverance from their painful captivities compleated in December 1750, by the Bounty and Benevolence of his present Majesty King George. London : 8vo, pp. 216, with quaint illustrations. A second edition was published in the same year, but with the alteration in the title of “by his Excellency William Latton, Esq., his Majesty’s Plenipoten¬ tiary and Consul General to the Emperor of Fez and Morocco.” To which is added a supplement of pp. 56, “ Containing an additional account of several very surprising and unaccountable Transactions which occurred to the four young men, viz. Edward Fitzgerald, George Beale, Emanuel Bochester, and Thomas Stanton, part of the above-mentioned Cap¬ tives, who were stopped by the Emperor in order to be made a present to A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 281 his Majesty George the II., without the payment of Head Money, from the Time they were separated from their Companions for the Purpose aforesaid to the Time of their happy Releasement from Slavery on the 11th April, 1751.” Both editions have plates of “ Muley Abdellah, King of Mequinez and Fez, Emperor of Morocco and Grand Sheriff of Mahomet,” the wreck of the Inspector in Tangier Bay, the captives being driven into the Interior, Mowlai Abdallah’s massacre of 335 of his own subjects, Mowlai Abdallah’s camp near Fez, Slaves at work at Busioram. Most of these plates were reproduced in Pellow’s * Adventures ’ (ed. 1890). No. 1945. See also Drake’s Voyages, pp. 497-310. | Twenty of the crew turned renegades, and one of them, Thomas Mears or Myers, was living in Merakish, high in office as “ Alkai'd Boazzer,” when Colonel Keatinge visited that city fifty years later. He had, however, fared rather badly in other respects. See No. 512. 380. 1751. Additional Articles between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Fez, 1st Feb.; negotiated by W. Petticrew. Renewed by Art. XL. of the Treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, vol. i. p. 97.) 381. 1753. Journaal wegens de rampoedige reys-tocht, van de Ed. Geftrengen Heer Capiteyn Hendrik Cornelis Steenis, en Dienst van het Edel Moogende Col- legie ter Admiraliteit, Ressileerende te Amsteldam, met het oorlogschip genaamt het buys in’t Bosch gestrand op de Moorsche kust in Afrika tusschen Ceuta en Kaap Porkus, op Maandag middag den 20 December 1751. Als meede een Ivorte beschrijvinge van de Steden Tetuan en Fez, de Iiandeling met den Keizer van Marokko, de Vreedemaaking met Haar Hoog Moogende, en de Elendie en Beliandelinge van het Scheeps Volk; Nevens een Lyst der Genoomene Scheepen door de Saaleesclie en Tetuansche Roovers, zeder’t Jaar 1732, en de Naamen der geloste Hollandsche Gevengenen. Door Kunstige Plaaten Verbeeld (2 plates (imaginary) with curious title-page). pp. ix. (preface signed “B. M.”) and pp. 35. Amsterdam: 4to. There is no date on the title-page, but from internal evidence it seems to have been issued in 1753; 2nd edition, 1755. This narrative reached a 3rd edition. 382. 1754. Helatjao da Grande Victoria que alcancou contra os Mouros o Presidio de Mazagao. Lisboa. (Da Cunha, p. 138.) 383. 1754 ? Bessa, Manuel de.—Relacao da Batalha que o Presidio de Marzagan ’teve com os Mouros, offerecida a . . . . (Da Cunha, p. 137.) 384. 1754. Ravn, Wilhelm Frederik.—Kort Underretning om det Maroc- canske Slaverie i Aarene 1751, 1752, eg 1753 dagvis forfattet paa vers af den af expeditionen antagne kasserer .... davajrende Slave. Ivjobenhavn : 4to, pp. 98. In 1751 the Danish Government sent to Mowlai Abdallah, or rather to his son Mohammed, then the virtual ruler, an embassy on board of two frigates. This mission was under the direction of Col. Longueville, and numbered among its members Lieut, (afterwards Admiral) Kaas, and Ravn, as Treasurer of the party, who wrote in quaint Danish doggerel an account of its adventures. Owing to mismanagement, ignorance of the country, and, above all, to the mis¬ representations of a Moorish Jew, whom they trusted too implicitly, the entire embassy were put under arrest in Merakish, on the ground that the Danes had without permission established a fortified post at Santa Cruz. Host has preserved a plan of the house in which they lived,—a building, according to Ravn, cf clay, one story high and with three rooms : “ Fik en Stage hoi, plat Tag og ikke meer, End 3 smaa Kamere og Murene af Leer.” x 2 282 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. In 1753 Captain Liitzow obtained a concession for a Danish Company, which, hy paying 50,000 piastres per annum, obtained the exclusive commerce of Safi and Salli. But it was unfortunate, and, finally finding itself unable to- compete with the Mogador and Larache merchants, became bankrupt. 385. 1756. An Account of an Earthquake that happened in Barbary [viz.. Tetuan, Tangier, Arzila, Sallee, Fez,Mequinez, Saffee, Marakisb, Saigon hills, and Tarso] on the 1st November, 1755. Inclosed in a letter from General Fowke, Governor of Gibraltar, communicated by Viscount Royston. (Phil. Trans. 1756, vol. xlix., page 428.) 386. 1756. Noticia do grande assalto e batalha que os Mouros derao a Prapa de Mazagam. Lisboa. (Da Cunba, p. 139.) 387. 1756. Baumgarten, J.—Gescliichte d. Numidier, Mauritanier, Lybier, Ethioper, Araber, Reich v. Trapezont, alte Gesch. Spaniens. Halle : 4to. 388. 1757. Noticia de grande batalha que houve na Praca de Mazagam,. Lisboa. (Da Cunha, p. 140.) 389. 1758. Lusitano, Candido.—Vida do Infante D. Henrique. Lisboa: 4to. Contains much information regarding the capture of Ceuta and other ports- of Morocco. At pp. 92-108 is the history of Juan Fernandez, who lived seven months in the Sahara. See No. 634. Translated into French by the Abbe de Command : Lisbon and Paris, 1781. The real name of the author is said to be P. Francisco Jose Freire. 390. 1759. Clarendon, Earl of.— The continuation of the Life of Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord High Chancellor of England, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford, being a continuation of his History of the Grand Rebellion from the Restoration to his Banishment in 1667. Written by himself. Oxford : 3 vols. 8vo. Vol. iii. p. 313 :—The king states in parliament that “ the new acquisition of ... Tangier, &c. ... ought to be looked upon as Jewels of an immense magnitude in the Royal Diadem.” See No. 334. 391. 1759. Casiri, Michael.—Bibliotheca Arabico-Hispana Escurialensis, sive Librorum omnium MSS. quos Arabice ab auctoribus magnam partem Arabo- Hispanis Compositos Bibliotheca Coenobii Escurialensis complectitur, Recensio et Explanatio Opera et Studio Michaelis Casiri Syro-Maronitae, Presbyteri, S. Theo- Jogiae Doctoris, Regis a Bibliotheca, linguarumque Orientalium interpretatione. Matriti: 2 vol. folio, pp. 544, 352, with a copious index not paged. Many of the MSS. catalogued in these volumes are no longer in existence. 392. 1759. Bougainville, J. P., Membre de l’lnstitut.—Memoire sur les Decouvcrtes et Etablissements fait le long des cotes d’Afrique par Hannon. With map, by Robert de Vaugondi. (Rec. de l’Acad. des Ins.) Many other editions of the Periplus of Hanno exist. See No. 2. 393. 1760. Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Fez, 28th July; negotiated by Mark Milbanke, Esq., H.M. Ambassador. This contains 25 articles, and was renewed by Art. XL. of the treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat, vol. i. p. 100; Martens, ‘Rec. de Traites,’ t. i. p. 2.) This last contains a notice of all anterior treaties between Great Britain and Morocco. 394. 1760 ? Relaijao dos governadores que tern governado a Prapa de Mazagam, etc. (Da Cunha, p. 86.) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 283 395. 1761. Navarro, Juan Jose, Marques de la Victoria, Capitan General de la Armada.—Discursos y diferentes puntos particularmente sobre la Marina. MS. autografo del ano 1761. En la Bib. cle Marina. “ En la pag. 149 esta un discurso sobre las plazas de Africa, cuales deben conservar se y cuales se deben quemar, demoler y abandonar.” (Duro.) 396. 1763. Garcia y Gomez, Jose. — Noticias sobre la plaza y fuerzas de Melilla en 1763. MS. en la Bibl. de Ingenieros. (Duro.) 397. 1763. Hedendaagsclie Historie of Tegenwoordige Staat van Afrika. Waar ins uitmunl De Besckryving van Barbarie [etc.]. Isaak Tirions, Tegenwoordige Staat van Alle Volken, vol. xl. Amsterdam : 8vo. Morocco occupies chap. vi. pp. 213-309. It contains a good account of the Dutch relations with the Moorish sultans. 398. 1764. Lia, Nicolas de.—Declaracion tomada a Nicolas de Lia, Calafate de una polacra liornesa en 1764. Contiene noticias de Mogador. MS. en la Bibliot, del Dep. Hidrog. Papeles varios, tomo iii. fob 124. (Duro.) 399. 1765. Cardonne, Dennis Dom., Secretaire-Interprete du Roi, pour les Langues orientales, aux Affaires etrangeres, & a la Bibliotheque de Sa Majeste.— Histoire de l’Afrique et de 1’Espagne sous la domination des Arabes. Com- posee sur differens Manuscrits Arabes de Bibliotheque du Roi. Dediee a Mom seigneur le Dauphin. Paris: 3 vol. 12mo, pp. xxiii. + 402, 400, and 336, with index to each volume. A German translation by De Murr was published at Zurich in 1770. This work is based on the Arabic MSS. in the Bibliotheque du Roi, and finishes at the conquest of Tlemcen, Tunis and Tripoli by the Turks, and at that of Fez and Morocco by the dynasty of Sherifs. He cites the following Arab authors, whose MS. works are in the Bibl. du Roi at Paris, as his autho¬ rities:—Chebab-ed-din Abul Abbasi: Historiae universalis, No. 642. Ahmed ben Abd-ul-vahabi, cognomine Novairi: Historiae Ommiad- arum, qui in Hispania regnarunt, No. 703. Ahmed ben Muhammed el- Moghrebi: Historia Hispaniae, primae partis Volumen secundum, No. 705. Ebn el-Kantir: De redactis in Arabum Potestatem Hispania, No. 706. Historia Lenazzedini viziri ultimorum Granatae regum ex familia El-Alimar, No. 758. Historia universalis Chehabe-ed-din Ahmed el Mokri, al Fasi, No. 761. Historiae compendium, auctore Ibn-Khaldun, No. 769. Lunae resplendentes Marocci auctoi'e Abdalla ibn Batuta, No. 825. Historia Califarum ac Regum Arabum in Hispania usque ad annum Hegirae 765, auctore Ben Abdalla el-Khateb el-Musulmani el-Koi’tubi. Historia universalis Abu-jaferi Mohammed ben Harir el-Tabari. 400. 1765. Lucuce, Pedro, and Pedro M. Cermeho.'—Discurso sobre con¬ servar 6 abandonar los tres presidios menores: Melilla, Penon y Alhucemas. Sobre las varias opiniones que acerca del particular se emitieron trata D. Martin Fernandez de Navarrete en su Bibliot. Marit. tomo ii. p. 576. (Duro.) 401. 1766. Nova Relapao de hum grande combate que a garnipaao de Prapa de Mazagao teve em Domingo de Ramos, etc. Lisboa. (Da Cunlia, p. 144.) 402. 1766? Sagarra, Joseph.—Compendio de la historia de la Espana trans- fretana. Dividido en dos tomos. Compuesto por D. J. de S. y de Baldrich, noble de Cataluha, &c. Barcelona (without date) : 2 vol. 8vo. (Duro.) 403. 1767. Treaty between France and Morocco, dated 28th May, confirming that of 1682. This was renewed in 1824. (Tab. des Etab. Fr. en Alg. 1841, 284 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. p. 422. See also Martens, Eec. de Tr. t. i. p. 57. This contains a notice of all anterior treaties.) The treaty in question was negotiated by the Comte de Breugnon with the Sultan. The former left Saffi on the 7th of May and arrived at Merakish on the 17th. On the 27th all the French slaves were liberated on very humiliating conditions, and on the 18th of June the ambassador embarked for France. See also No. 550. 404. 1767. Tratado de paz y comercio entre Espaiia y Marruecos firmado el 28 de Mayo de 1767. Colec. Cantillo. (Duro.) 405. 1767. Treaty of Commerce between Denmark and Morocco, signed by Jean Koustroup, 25th July, 1767. (Martens, Bee. de Tr. t. i. p. 64.) This also gives a notice of anterior treaties. 406. 1767. Juan, Don Jorge.—Viaje a Marruecos. MS. que posee el Sr. Conde de Ezpeleta. Citase en la del viaje de D. Francisco Merry y Colom en 1863 donde se extracta. (Duro.) See No. 931. 406a. 1768. Drake, Edward Cavendish.—A new Universal Collection of Authentic and Entertaining Voyages and Travels, etc. London, fol. Contains Windus, No. 342, pp. 490-496 ; Troughton, No. 379, pp. 497- 509; Sutherland’s Narrative of the loss of His Majesty’s Ship Litchfield (1758-60); and the sufferings of the surviving part of the crew during their slavery in Morocco, pp. 511-518; and Moore, No. 361, pp. 519-532. 407. 1769. The Female Captive.—A narrative of facts which happened in Barbary in the year 1756. London: 12mo, 2 vol., pp. 144, 160. A true story : the lady’s maiden name was Marsh; she married Mr. Crisp, hut he, having failed in business, went to India, whither she afterwards pro¬ ceeded. She was captured by a Salli Kover on her voyage from Gibraltar to England. She was taken to Merakish, whence she was subsequently released. 408. 1770? (circa). De Loureiro, Jacintho de Pina.—Familias de Mazagam. “ Manuscripto genealogico cm cinco volumes, pertcencente ao rev 0 bispo do Porto.” (Often quoted by Da Cunha.) 409. 1770. Alhucemas.—Diario de lo acaecido en la plaza y campo de Alhu- cemas con motivo de la llegada del rey de Marruecos a el en 1770. MS. en la Acad, de la Hist. Quoted in ‘ Confer, sobre el Hach Moh. el-Baghdady.’ (Duro.) 410. 1771. James, Lt.-Col. Thomas.—The History of the Herculean Straits, now called the Straits of Gibraltar, including those Ports of Spain and Barbary that lie contiguous thereto. London: 2 vol., 4to, pp. 379, 414. This work treats principally of the Spanish Coast and of Gibraltar. Vol. ii., pp. 1-42, is “ of Tetuan in Barbary; a plan of Ceuta, its history and some other particulars.” 411. 1775. [Bide de Maurville.]—Delation de l’affaire de Larache. Amster¬ dam : 8vo [without author, printer or publisher’s name], pp. 398. It is a description of the “ expedition des Chaloupes,” under the com¬ mand of M. de Bauregard, sent on the 27th June, 1765, by M. Duchaffault to punish the corsairs of the Port of Larache. It was a failure—something like a repulse. 412. 1775. Penon de la Gomera.—Diario del Sitio del mismo, desde el 20 de Enero de 1775. MS. en la Acad, de la Hist. (Duro.) 413. 1775. Moreno, Miguel.—Descripcion del estado actual de la plaza del Pehon, con el diario del sitio que el emperador de Marruecos puso en 3 de Febrero, 1775. MS. en fob, 12 hoj. Dep. de Ingenieros. (Duro.) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OP MOROCCO. •285 414. 1775. Guidotti, Dr. P. —Storia dei Mori. Firenze: 8vo. 415. 1775. Schlozer, August Ludwig von.—Summarische Geschichte von Nord Afrika, namentlich von Marokko, Algier, Tunis, u. Tripoli. Gottingen : 12mo, pp. 93. 416. 1776-1788. Gibbon, Edward.—The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London : 6 vols. 4to. In the many editions of this famous work there are only general references to the Moors and Mauretania, the invasion of the Arabs, the extinction of Christianity, etc. 417. 1776. Varela y Ulloa, Jose.-—Diario y observaciones de . . . . desde Cadiz por la Costa 0. de Africa liacia el Sur. MS. original en la Bib. del. Dep. Hidrog. Africa, tomo ii. (Duro.) 418. 1777. Eysse Eysses.—Omstandig en waarachter Dagverhaal, van Capt. Eysse Eysses Junior, gevoerd hebbende het driemast galjootschip genoemd de vrouw Geertruy, van St. Lucas naar Amsterdam gedestineerd. Beginnende met deszelfs vertrek van St. Lucas, tot dat hij, op de hoogte van Kaap St. Vincent, door een Maroccaansch roofschip genomen, en te Larache opgebragt wierd. Voorts zijne landreizen door Barbarijen, van Larache naar Marocco, Oud en Nieuw Salee en Mogador, waarin men, buiten de echtste berichten van den tegen- woordigen staat van de Barbaarsche roofkust, der gesteldheid en levenswijze der inwoners, voortbrengselen van’t land en wat den aandacht meer opwekken kan, nog vind, veel bijzonderheden wegens den persoon, ommegang en hofhouding van Ciddy Mahomet Ben Abdala, keizer van Marocco, Fez en Miknes. Gelijk ook wegens de onderhandeling van vreede, tusschen H. H. M. de heeren Staten- Generaal der Vereenigde Nederlanden, en zijne Keizerlijke Majesteit van Marocco. Doormengt met vele wetenswaardige bijzonderheden, wegens de behandeling der Mooren, ten opzichte van de christenen, gedurende het verblij f van bovengenoemde Capt. Eysse Eysses, Capt. Cornells Hiddes en Capt. Jochem Meijer, aldaar. Als ook eenige omstandigheden, betreffende de dood en begraffenis van Capt. Jochem Meijer. Laatstelijk, eenige aanteekeningen, den schrijver tot Gibraltar ter hand gesteld, mede op de bovenaangehaalde zaken toepasselijk. Gedrukt voor den auteur. Amsterdam : 4to, pp. 37. 419. 1778. Cassini, Mons. de.—Voyage to California to observe the Transit of Venus, by M. Cbappe d’Auberoche; with the Authors route through Mexico, and the Natural History of that Province, with a Voyage to Newfoundland and Sallee. Folding plate of the City of Mexico. London : 8vo. 420. 1778. Verdun de la Crenne, Lieut, de Vaisseau; Le Chevalier de Borda, et Pingre.—Voyage fait par ordre du Koi en 1771 et 1772, en diverses parties de l’Europe, de l’Afrique et de l’Amerique. Paris: 2 vol., 4to. Vol. ii., cap. v. pp. 29-49, treats of the “ Cotes occidentales d’Afrique depuis le Cap Spartel jusqu’au Cap Blanc.” 421. 1778. Treaty of Peace between Morocco and Tuscany, signed 6th Feb. 1778. (Martens, Rec. de Tr., t. i. pp. 155.) This also gives a notice of anterior treaties. 422. 1779. Host, Georg. — Efterretninger om Marokos og Fes, samlede der landee fra 1760 til 1768. Kiobenhavn: 4to, pp. 291 and Index, with portrait, several views, and a map of Morocco with the names in Arabic characters, though not always correctly. A German translation by Sussmilch, with the same plates, &c., was pub¬ lished at Copenhagen, 1781, 4to : 1 Nachrichten von Marokos und Fes im 28G A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Lande selbst gesammlet in den Jahren 1760 bis 1768, von Georg Host; ausdem danischen iibersetzt.’ pp. 221, but without the Index. This is a work of much merit; in some respects the most exhaustive and accurate ever published. The author was Danish Consul in Morocco for many years. 423. 1780. Convenio de amistad y comercio entre el Eey de Espana y el Emperador de Marruecos, firmado en Aranjuez a 30 Mayo 1780. Colec. Cantillo. (Duro.) 424. 1786-96. Vella, Joseph.—Codice diplomatico di Sicilia sotto il governo degli Arabi, publicato per opera e studio di Alfonso Airoldi. Naopoli: 6 vol., 4to. The following note by Mr. W. Davenport Adams supplies in a concise form the history of this extraordinary literary fraud which is so intimately bound up with the Bibliography of Morocco :—Joseph Vella, whilom Chaplain to the Knights of Malta, being at Palermo in 1782, accompanied the ambassador of Morocco, Mohammed-ben-Olham, on a visit to the Abbey of St. Martin, where he was entertained with the sight of an Ai’abic manuscript of great antiquity. Listening to the chatter of the monks about their hopes of finding in the Arabian writers the data which would enable them to fill up a lacuna of two centuries in the Sicilian annals, Vella seized upon the idea; and it was not very long before he delighted the hearts of all true Sicilians with the intelligence that the Morocco ambassador, in looking over the conventual library, had put his hand upon a precious manuscript containing the corre¬ spondence between the Arabian governors of Sicily and their Sovereigns in Africa. To confirm the authenticity of this pretended “ find,” and to increase its importance in the eyes of his patron, Airoldi, archbishop of Heraklia, who, he knew, would spare no cost in the publication of a work of such historic interest, the ingenious Vella invented a correspondence between himself and the ambassador, who had returned to Morocco. The fruit of this imaginary correspondence was not only the assurance that a second and more complete copy of the monastic manuscript existed in the library at Fez, but the discovery of another work, forming a continuation of it, as well as of a series of coins and medals, illustrative and confirmatory of their historical and chronological detailr. So brilliantly successful was this little drama that the King of Naples, to whom Vella presented his translation in manuscript, proposed to send him on a mission to Morocco to purchase or copy in the libraries of that State all the Arabian manuscripts bearing on the history of his kingdom. The translation of the newly-found Arabic manuscript was announced in 1786 in all the journals of Europe, and the first volume was published in 1789, ut supra. The sixth appeared in 1793. The first volume was dedicated to the King of Naples and the second to the Queen. The archbishop next desired to publish the whole of Vella’s so-called Arabic text, and for this purpose obtained a fount of Arabic type from Bodoni. An artist, named Di Bella, was commissioned to engrave the coins and medals fabricated by Vella—who, by the way, to render more difficult the detection of his fraud, had obliterated the greater portion of the monastic manuscript. At last, in 1795, at the expense of the King of Naples, were published at Palermo the first volumes of the two editions, the principal of which, a costly folio, contained the Arabic text with the Italian translation of the manuscript A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 287 “ discovered ” at Fez, under the imposing title of “ Kitab Divan Misr, or Libro del Consiglio d’Egitto” (Book of the Egyptian Divan or Council). So far, so good. Yella probably thought himself in Sicily safe from exposure; but Nemesis, determined on his punishment, sent, as a tourist to the island of volcanic fires, a German orientalist—J. Hager. As a matter of course he heard of the historical treasure-trove, procured a copy of Vella’s folio, examined it, and at once detected the imposture. Airoldi, however, stood gallantly by his fraudulent protege, and, determined at all costs to save him, appointed a commission of five highly respectable persons, against whom the only objection was that they did not know a word of Arabic. Their mode of procedure should have been this; they should have placed before Vella the Arabic text of the “Codice Diplomatico,” and have required him to translate at sight whatever passage they thought fit to point out to him. His Italian version would have .served them as a comparison to ascertain if he translated accurately, and if he contradicted himself in the printed version. But the absence from the tribunal of an Arabic scholar nullified the verification. Vella committed to memory two or three passages of his translation; and when the Arabic translation was laid before him he chose whatever page he pleased, as if he had opened upon it accidentally, and proceeded to repeat by rote what he had learned. The commissioners would never have arrived at a satisfactory result if Vella had not at length made a clean breast of it, and acknowledged his deception. Finally, in 1796, he was sentenced to fifteen years’ imprisonment, and had abundant leisure, therefore, to regret that visit to the Abbey of St. Martin which had tempted him into the ways of dishonesty. — Gentleman's Magazine, 1891. The mosque libraries of Fez and Merakish, which have been so frequently rumoured to be the hiding-place of valuable manuscripts, are in all likelihood poor in any volumes of more literary importance than a few Ivorannic com¬ mentaries. Even in Ciynzert’s day (No. 48) the former city had little love of literature, and during the civil wars prior to Moulai Ismail’s reign and after his death, much of this was either destroyed or scattered by the unlettered sovereigns of that period. Many manuscripts were doubtless brought from Spain, and an Embassy was sent at a later date to try and recover some of those which had escaped the ignorant fury of Nimenes. But if we except the MS. of Ibn Batuta which Moura found in Fez (No. 616) and that of the Rudli- Al-Kartas in Merakish from which Beaumier made his translation (No. 871), nothing of any great importance has come to light, though as MSS. were carried away by Golius (No. 157), etc., it is likely enough that the libraries of London, Leyden, Madrid and other European cities may contain what had rendered Morocco so disappointing to the hunter after the relics of a more cul¬ tured age. It might, however, be added that, of late years at least, no one has been permitted to ransack any of the mosque libraries. Sir John Drummond Hay in vain offered rewards for any Latin or Greek documents which (inter ■alia), the long-sought-for, lost books of Livy were imagined to be in Fez, though on no sounder ground than the fact that they are nowhere else. See No. 1518. 425. 1782. Campany.—Memorias Listoricas sobre la Marina, comercio y artes de la antigua Ciudad de Barcelona. Madrid : 4 voh, 4to. Many treaties. ■426. 1782. De Ayala, D. Ignacio Lopez.—Historia de Gibraltar. Madrid : 4to, pp. xvi. 386, xlviii.; with plan. 288 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. This is the best of the early histories of Gibraltar so far as the relations of Morocco and the Rock are concerned. It was translated in 1845 by James Bell: ‘The History of Gibraltar from the Earliest period of its occupation by the Saracens, comprising details of the numerous conflicts for its possession between the Moors and the Christians, until its final surrender in 1462 ; and of subsequent events; with an appendix containing interesting documents.’ London: 8vo, pp. xx. 234, with plan (different from Ayala’s). 427. 1783. Additional Articles between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Sallee, 24th May; negotiated by Sir Roger Curtis and renewed by Article XL. of the treaty of 1791. (Herts. Treat., vol. i. p. 110.) 428. 1783-94. Abu’l Feda Ismael.— Res gestae a Mohammede usque ad a.c. 1161. Arab, et Lat. ed. J. J. Reiske. llafnke: 5 vols. 4to. See Nos. 25, 613, 623, 720. Other works on the same subject by Reiske appeared at Leipzig in 1754 and in the ‘ Magazin fur die neue Historie und Geographic,’ of Biisching, t. iv. and v. 429. 1783. Schweighofer.—Einleitung zur ICenntniss der Staatsverfassung bei der vereinigten Konigreiche Maroko und Fes von Schweihofer. Wien: 8vo, pp. Ill, with illustrations mostly taken from Host. The book concludes with a short bibliography, containing the books from which it is compiled. 430. 1784. Marokkanische Briefe. Ausdem Arabischen. Neue vermehrte und verbesserte Auflage. Frankfurt und Leipzig : 8vo, pp. 256. Morocco letters, written in German by J. Pezzl. 431. 1785. Voyage dans les Etats barbaresques de Maroc, Alger, Tunis et Tripoly; ou lettres d’un des captifs qui viennent d’etre rachetes par MM. les Chanoines reguliers de la Sainte Trinite, suivies d’une notice sur leur rachat et du catalogue de leurs noms. Paris: 12mo, pp. 193, with List of the ransomed slaves, pp. 8. The first letter is dated “ Sale, 21 Juin 1782,” but no author’s name is indicated. The first three letters are regarding Morocco: the first, pp. 1-33, speaks of Sale; the second, pp. 34-62, of Mequinez and Tetouan; the third, pp. 63-81, of Fez and Merakish. This must not be confounded with the work of the Pere Lucien Herault, who lived in the 17th century, these letters being dated 1781 and 1782. They give a most faithful account of Sallee and other parts of the country. 432. 1786. Reise in den barbarischen Staaten von Morocco, Algier, Tunis und Tripoli, oder Briefe eines aus der barbarischen Gefangenschaft erloeseten Franzoe- sischen Ofliciers. Aus dem Franzoesischen iibersetzt. Liibeck : 8vo. 433. 1787. Cholmley, Hugh.—A Discourse of Tanjier by Sir Hugh Cholmley, Bart. With some account of himself and his Journey through France and Spain to that Place, where he was engaged in building the Mole in the Time of King Charles the Second: and a Journal of the works carrying on; and also some of his Speeches in Parliament. Taken from Manuscripts now in the possession of Nathaniel Cholmley, of Whitby and IJowsham in the County of York, Esq. 4to, privately printed. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 289 434. 1787. Treaty of friendship and commerce between the United States of America and Morocco (in the Arabic language), signed by Thomas Barclay, 1st Jan., 1787. (Martens, Bee. de Tr., t. i. p. 380.) 435. 1787. Chenier, Louis-Sauveur de. Consul General au Maroc.—Be- clierches liistoriques sur les Maures et histoire de l’empire du Maroc. Paris : 3 vol., 8vo, pp. 424, 476, 564. An English translation, 1788, 2 vol., 8vo, pp. vi. 377 + 427: ‘The Present State of the Empire of Morocco, its animals, products, cities, coins, weights and measures; with the language, religion, laws, manners, customs, and character of the Moors; the history of the Dynasties since Edris; the naval force and commerce of Morocco; and the character, conduct, and views, political and commercial, of the reigning Emperor, translated [and abridged most of the historical portion, a third of the work being omitted] from the French.’ Includes a good description of the Empire of Morocco; with maps. The author of this work, according to Keatinge (1773), “gave great offence to Sultan Homed Ebn Abdallah,” by whom on one occasion he was ordered to leave his presence. Jackson, permeated with the weakness of authors on Morocco for disparaging their rivals, speaks slightingly of M. de Chenier’s hauteur to the Moors and the difficulty he had in obtaining information owing to his dislike to mingle among the natives. This hauteur was, however, not without its uses, for up to the year 1767—when M. de Chenier refused to honour the order—no Christian was permitted to ride into Saffee on horseback, or Jew enter it except barefooted (as in Fez and other cities to this day), owing to the number of tombs or asylums of saints within the walls. Even the Portuguese, when masters of the place, did not abandon this humiliating custom till the year 1641. Chenier was afterwards Consul-General in Constantinople, where were born his two sons—Andre-Marie, the poet and politician, who was guillotined on the 25th of July 1794; and Marie-Joseph, the poet and dramatist who, surviving the Beign of Terror, died in 1811. 436. 1787. Guignes, M. de. — Massaoudi, Aboul-Hassan Ali. Les Prairies d'Or et les Mines des pierres precieuses. Not. ct Extr. des MSS. de la Bib. du Boi, Paris: 4to, t. i., pp. 1-67. A notice of his work, contained in several MSS. in the Bib. du Boi, Paris, which have been entirely translated into French. See No. 15. 437. 1787. Tofino de San Miguel, Don Vicente, Brigadier de la real Armada.—Derrotero de las Costas de Espaha en el Mediterraneo y su corres- pondiente de Africa. Escrito en los anos de 1783 y 1784. Madrid: 8vo, 2 vol. Another edition was published by the hydrographical department at Madrid, 1832. 438. 1788. [Jardine, Lieut.-Col. A.]—Letters from Barbary, France, Spain, Portugal, &c. By an English Officer. London : 2 vol., 8vo. pp. xv. 496, 528. In vol. i. pp. 1-189 are devoted to the author’s travels in Morocco; he went to Mekenes via Tetuau, on a mission from General Cornwallis, Governor of Gibraltar. Translation into German (1 vol.): ‘ Bemerkungen fiber Marokko: Desgleicken iiber Frankreich, Spanien und Portugal. Von ein englischen Offizier wahrend 290 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. seinen Reisen durch diese Lander, einigen Freunden im Briefen mitgetheilt ein gedriingter Auszug ausdem Englischen.’ Leipzig: 8vo, 1790, pp. xvi. 334. 439. 1788. Marin, Carlo Antonio.—Storia Civile e Politica del Commercio de’ Veneziani. Yinegia : 8 vol., 8vo. 440. 1789. Sousa, Fr. Joao de.—Yestigios da Lengna Arabica enr Portugal, ou Lexicon Etymologico das palavras e nomes Portuguezes, que trem origem Arabica, composito por ordem da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Lisboa: 8vo, pp. xx. 160. A new edition was issued in 1830, with, additions by Fr. Moura. This work, though not without grave faults, is regarded by students of Hispauo-Lusitanian Arabic as much superior to that of Martinez Marina in the 4th vol. of the ‘ Memorias de la real Academia,’ and the still more slovenly list of Hanmer in the 1854 ‘ Sitzenbericht ’ of the Vienna Academy. With the glossary of Dozy and Engelmann, No. 883, it supersedes all other publi¬ cations of the kind necessary for consultation by investigators of the relations between Spain and Africa. 441. 1789. Brisson, M. P. It. de.-—Ilistoire dtt Naufrage et de la Captivite de M. de B., avec la description des deserts d’Afrique depuis le Senegal jusqu’a Maroc. Geneve : 8vo, pp. 20. In English : Narrative of the Shipwreck and Captivity of M. de Brisson, with Description of the Deserts of Africa from Senegal to Morocco ; translated from the French, post 8vo, Perth, 1789. Also in Voyages to the Coast of Africa by Messrs. Saugnier and Brisson, etc. 8vo, 1792, pp. 500. Also a Polish version : Historya rozbicia sie i niewoli pana Brissona . . . z opisaniem pustyn Afryki od Senegalu az do Maroko. Edycya nowa. Warszawa: 8vo. 442. 1789. Alimed ben el-Hassan el-Metsyovvi.—Itinerary from Fez to Tafilet. The author wrote an itinerary from Fez to Tafilet, translated into Latin by Prof. Paulus in 1791 in the ‘Memorabilien’ (Leipsic, 1791, t. i. p. 47), and into French (from the Latin) by Baron C. A. de Walckenaer in 1821 (Recherches Geographiques sur l’interieur de l’Afriqtte septentrionale, pp. 457-476). See No. 453. 443. 1789. Guignes, M. de.— i^J>- Perle des Merveilles. Melanges de Geographie et d’Histoire Naturelle, par Zein-eddin Omar, fils d’Aboul Modhaffer, surnomme Ebn al-Ouardi, ecrivain du xm e siecle. MSS. Arabes, No. 577, 588, 589, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 601. Not. et Extr. des MSS. de la Bib. du Roi, Paris, 4to, tome ii. pp. 19-59. An edition published at Boulak, a.h. 1302, 8vo. See No. 22. Several fragments of the Cosmography of Ibn el-Wardi and theses thereon were published at Upsala by Hylander and others between 1784 and 1837. He divides the Maghreb into three parts Sus el-Aksa, or country of Sus. The second part includes Spain and Portugal; the third is Sus cl-Adni, which comprises Barca and the desert as far as ^gypt- # 444. -l Exposition ■de ce (pCil y a de plus remarquable (sur la terre ) et des Merveilles du Eoi Tout- Puissant, par Abdorraschid fils de Saleh fils de Nouri, surnomme Yakouti. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 291 Ouvrage de Geographie compose dans le xv e siecle. MS. Arabe, No. 585, pp. 148. 1. c., pp. 386-545. See No. 31. The articles in this work are very short: that devoted to Merakish consists only of a few lines. 445. 1789. Sacy, Silvestre de, Baron Antoine Isaac.— IvT Le livre des perles recueillies de Vabrege de I’histoire des Steeles, ou abrege de l’histoire universelle, par Schehabed- din Ahmed almokr alfassi. MSS. Arabes, 762 and 769. Not. et Extraits des MSS. de la Bib. du lloi, Paris, 4to, tome ii. pp. 124-163. See No. 33. He gives the History of Fez up to the time that the Merinides took, possession of it, about a.h. 638 = a.d. 1240. 446. 1790. Sousa, Joao de.—Interprete de Sua Magestade para a Lingua Arabica. Documentos Arabicos para a historia portugueza copiados dos originaes da Torre do Tombo com permissao de S. Magestade e vertidos em Portuguez por ordem da Academia real das Sciencias de Lisboa. Lisboa : 8vo, pp. 5 + 190. This contains many documents of great value with reference to the history of Portuguese affairs in Morocco : Arabic texts and Portuguese translation. No. IH., pp. 6-11. Copia da Carta que El-Rei D. Manoel escreveo aos Moradores de Azamur em idioma arabico. This is dated 22nd Jan., 1504 [? 1508]. No. IV., pp. 11-24. Carta dos Moradores de Cafy [Saffee], escrita a el Rei D. Manoel. Dated 2nd July, 1509. No. V., pp. 25-27. Carta de Aly ben Said escrita a el Eei D. Manoel. Dated 4th June, 1509 ; he was Governor of Azamor. No. VII., pp. 30-32. Carta dos principaes da provincia de Xarquia, escrita a el Eei D. Manoel. This was written by Salem bin Omar, Sheikh of the Sherkieh, and others, 16th Feb., 1510. No. VIII., pp. 32-41. Carta dos Moradores de Messa, escrita a el-Rei D. Manoel. Written by Ilamu bin Barka and others, 1st Jan., 1510, from Massat. No. IX., pp. 42-43. Carta de Acan Mobaty, escrita a Nuno Fernandes de Ataide. Dated 16th Nov., 1511. No. XII., pp. 53-59. Leis penaes e pecuniarias, que Jaheya ben Tafufa estabeleceo para o governo da provincia de Harras. (Penal laws and fines established by Yahia bin Mohammed bin Tafoufa in the province of El- Ilareth.) No. XIV., pp. 61-63. Carta de Acan Mobaty, escrita a Nuno Fernandes de Ataide. No. XV., pp. 63-65. Carta do Xarife Mahomed, Eei de Fez, escrita a el Rei Dom Manoel. Dated 27th March, 1514. No. XVI., pp. 65-66. Carta do mesmo Xarife, escrita a El-Rei D. Manoel sobre o mesmo assumpto. Dated 30th September, 1514. No. XVIII., pp. 74-75. Carta da Jaheya ben Abdalla, escrita a D. Nuno Mascarenhas. This is without date, addressed to the Governor of Saffee. No. XXVI., pp. 98-100. Carta de Abderrhahman ben Haduxa, escrita a El Rei Dom Manoel. Dated 6th May, 1517. No. XXX., pp. 117-118. Carta do Xarife de Fez, escrita ao Alferes Sebastiao de Sousa. No. XXXVII., pp. 134-135. Carta de Ben Ahmed, escrita ao Capitao Mor de Qafy. Without date. 292 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. No. XXXIX., pp. 141-143. Carta dos Moradores de Azamor a el Rei D. Joao III. Without date, probably written in 1520. No. XL., pp. 144-145. Carta do Xarife de Fez, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Dated 26tli May, 1524. No. XLI., pp. 146-148. Carta do Secretario do Xarife de Fez a Antonio Leite, Capitao de Cidade de Azamor. Dated 3rd Nov., 1524. No. XLII., pp. 148-150. Carta do Tio do Xarife, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Dated 27th May, 1524. No. XLIII., pp. 151-152. Carta do Xarife de Fez a El Rei D. Joao III. Dated 22nd May, 1525. No. XLIV., pp. 153-154. Carta do Primo do Xarife a El Rei D. Joao III. Dated 24th Nov., 1525. No. XLV., pp. 155-156. Carta del Rei Joao III. ao Xarife de Fez, escrita em idioma Arabico. Dated 29th Jan., 1526. No. XLV I., pp. 157-158. Carta do Xarife de Fez, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Dated 29th May, 1526. No. XLVII., pp. 159-161. Carta do Tio do Xarife, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Dated 22nd December, 1526. No. LIII., p. 181. Carta do Caied Elattav, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Dated 3rd Nov., 1530. No. LIV., pp. 182-183. Carta de Mohomed Cabaily, escrita a el Rei D. Joao III. Without date. No. LV., pp. 184-185. Carta do mesmo a D. Pedro Mascarenhas. With¬ out date. No. LVI., pp. 185-186. Carta de Baba Muley Ahmed Bulrafun, primo do Xarife a Francisco Alvares. Without date. No. LVII., pp. 187-188. Carta do mesmo escrito a D. Antonio, Conde de Linhares. Dated 30th Oct., 1528. 447. 1790. Desfontaines, Rene-Louiche.—Observations sur le Chene Ballota ou a glands doux du Mont Atlas. Mem. de l’Acad. Sc., Paris, p. 394, and Journ. phys., vol. xxxviii. p. 375. 448. 1790. Ceuta.—Diario del Sitio de Ceuta desde 22 de Setiembre de 1790 hasta el 26 de Diciembre, remitido por D. Rodrigo Rendon. MS. en la Acad, de la Hist. (Duro.) 449. 1791. Lempriere, William, Surgeon.—A Tour from Gibraltar to Tangier, Sallee* Mogadore, Santa Cruz, Tarudant, and thence over Mount Altas to Morocco, . including a particular account of the Royal Harem. London : 8vo, pp. 477. 2nd ed. 1793. 3rd ed. 1813, pp. 447. See also Pinkerton’s Yoy., vol. xv. pp. 681-801. A French translation by M. de Sainte-Suzanne, Paris, 8vo, 1801, pp. 383 and map. A German one by Zimmerman appeared in 1792, with map, in “ Magazin von rnerkw. neuen Reisebesch.”, vol. viii. (Berlin, 8vo). The author was sent by the Governor of Gibraltar at the special request of the Sultan to attend Mowlai Absulem his favourite son, then resident at Tarudant; he was subsequently summoned by the Sultan to Morocco, where his professional character gained for him frequent entrance to the hareem, a privilege which no European had enjoyed before. He was detained six months, journeying from Tangier to Mogador, thence to Tarudant, and so back to Tangier, and had recourse to a stratagem to obtain permission to leave the country. See also No. 467. 450. 1791. Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Sale, 8th April; negotiated by James Mario Matra, Esq., H.B.M. Ambassador. This A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 293 treaty contains 43 Articles, and confirmed and renewed all previous treaties. (Hertslet’s Treaties, vol. i. p. 112.) 451. 1791. Abulfedse Africa, Arabic^ et Latine, curante J. G-. Eichhorn. Gotting®: 8vo. A Latin translation also in Buching’s ‘ Magazin fiir die neue Historie und Geographie,’ t. iv. et vi. See Nos. 25, etc. 452. 1791. Rodion, Alexis (l’Abbe).—Voyage a Madagascar, a Maroc et aux Indes Orientates. Paris : 8vo. 2nd edit., An x. (1802), 3 vol. 8vo (maps). 3rd edit., enlarged, 3 vol. 12mo. A German translation appeared in 1804: 1 A. Ilocbon’s franzosiscben Marine- Astronoms zu Brest und Mitglieds des National-Instituts zu Paris. Reisen nach Maroko und Indien in de Jahren 1767 bis 1773. Aus dem franzosiscben Auszugsweise iibersicbt mit einer Zugabe berausgegeben von L. F. Ehrmann.’ Weimar: 8vo, pp. 168. The “Zugabe” (Appendix) relates entirelytoM.de Gremont’s voyage to the Island of Bourbon, and his visit to the volcano, translated from Freron’s ‘ Annee littdaire,’ 1772, vol. vii. pp. 73 etseq. A partial English translation appeared in 1792, and a Dutch edition in 1804. The Abbe Rochon was a native of Brest. He visited Morocco as ‘Astronome de la Marine’ and nautical surveyor to the man-of-war VUnion, which con¬ veyed General Breugnon, Ambassador of Louis XV. in 1767, to Morocco. See also No. 403. 453. 1791. Paulus.—Memorabilien. Leipzig: 8vo, 2 vols. Extracts from it translated into French by Walckenaer in his ‘ Recherches sur l’interieur de l’Afrique Septentrionale,’ pp. 457-464. See No. 452. 454. 1791. Calvo.—Resumen de la prevogativas . . . de la S.S. Trinidad . . . y los varones que florecieron, &c. Pamplona. (Godard.) Mention made of two English Trinitarian fathers, Nicholas Firmy and Silvestre, hanged at Morocco, 1st August, 1326 (a.h. 726). 455. 1791. Ceuta.—Diario del Sitio de Ceuta en 1791. MS. en la Bib. de Ingenieros. (Duro.) 456. 1791. Host, Georg.—Den Marokanske Kajser Mahomed Ben Abdallah’s Historie ved . . . Etatsraad, og Secretair ved det Kongelige Departement for de udenlandske Sager. [Vignette.] Kiobenhavn: 8vo, pp. 334, Index pp. 16. 457. 1791. Saugnier.—Relations de plusieurs voyages a la cote d’Afrique, a Maroc, an Senegal, a Goree, a Galam, etc. Avec des details interessans pour ceux qui se destinent a la Traite des Negres de l'Or, de lTvoire, etc. tirees des Journaux de M. Saugnier, qui a ete long-temps Esclave des Maures et de l’Empereur de Maroc. On y a joint une Carte de ees differens Pays, reduite de la grande Carte d’Afrique de M. Delaborde, Ancien premier Valet-de-chambre ordinaire du Roi, et Gouverneur du Louvre. Paris : 8vo, pp. 341. Translated into English, No. 441. With the French edition there is often (as in English also) bound up the ‘Histoire du naufrage de M. Brisson.’ See No. 441. A Dutch edition was published at Maestricht in 8vo, 1792 ; and a second edition of the French original in Paris, 1797. 458. 1792. Thurloe, John, A Collection of the State Papers of. London : 7 vol. fol. The originals are in the Bodleian Library. These contain many interesting documents connected with Barbary. The papers on Morocco are in vol. vi. pp. 212-213: Consul Maynard to Secretary Thurloe “ on Tangier? besieged by the Moors.” 294 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 459. 1792. Gostling, G.—Extracts from Treaties between Great Britain and other Kingdoms, of Articles that relate to the Commanders of Ships of War. London 4to. Treaties with the following countries: France, Spain, States General, Portugal, Austrian Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Dantzic, Savoy, Turkey, Morocco, Algiers, Tripoli, Tunis, and the States of America. 460. 1792. Follie, Officier d’Administration dans les Colonies.—Yoyage dans les deserts du Sahara. Contenant 1° La relation de son naufrage et de ses aventures pendant son esclavage. 2° Un precis exact des Moeurs, des usages et des opinions des habitans du Sahara. Paris, l’an premier de la Republique Franpaise : 8vo, pp. 171. See also No. 302. 461. 1792. Potocki, Jean.—Yoyage dans l’empire de Maroc fait en l’annee 1791, suivi du Yoyage de Hafez. Recit Oriental, par Jean Potocki. Varsovie: 8vo, pp. 332. 462. 1792. Azurara, Gomes Eanes d’.—Chronica dos feitos do Conde Dom Pedro de Meneses, primero Capitao que foi na cidade de Ceuta. See Nos. 34, 634. AVith reference to a MS. of this work offered for sale, we have the following note:—“ An important work by the royal chronicler of Joan I. of Portugal. It was written in 1463, and records the conquest of Ceuta by the Portuguese in 1415—the first step in that series of expeditions which led to the voyage round the Cape and the discovery of America. The capture and annexation of Ceuta are events that belong to the biography of ‘ Prince Henry the Navigator.’ The chronicle was printed for the first time in 1792 by Correa de Serra. The present MS. was transcribed about 1620 from a copy made in 1470 in the house of the Arch-priest of Lisbon, by Joan Gonzalez, Scribe and Biscuit Baker.” (Bernard Quaritch, 1886.) 463. 1793-9. Bruns, Hofrath P. J.—Neue systematische Erdbeschreibung von Afrika. Nuremberg: 6 vols., 8vo. For long the best general compilation extant. 464. 1794. [TY IY] Abrege de la Yie de Muley Liezit, Empereur de Maroc, ecrite par un temoin oculaire. Imprime pour l’Autheur a Rome, 1794. 8vo, pp. 134. No date on title-page. “ Se vende chez Heritiers C. Sticher a Amsterdam, et chez les Imprimeurs a Londres.” Translated into English by Robert Heron : ‘ An Account of Muley Liezit late Emperor of Morocco, written by a Spanish Agent at the Moorish Court who has witnessed the events of Liezit’s reign, and who, by his intrigues, accomplished ^hat Emperor’s fall.To which is prefixed a short Review of Moorish History, from the earliest times to the Accession of Muley Liezit, with a philosophical inquiry into the causes which have hitherto retarded the civilization of the Moors.’ London : 8vo. 1797. [The Life of Moulai El-Yezid = Liezit occupies pp. 151. The “ Short Review,” paged separately, extends to p. 95.] The original is written in extremely incorrect French, and abounds with Arabic and Lingua Franca idioms. 465. 1794. Bombay, Franz von.—Geschichte der Mauritanischen Konige. Agram: 2 vols., 8vo. An abridged translation of the Rudh el-Kartas by Bin Abd-el-Halim el-Gharnati. See Nos. 26, 554, 646, 871, 1523. 466. 1795. Broussonnet, Pierre-Marie-August. Dr. Broussonnet, Deputy to the National Convention, being threatened with arrest at Montpellier, after the fall of the Girondins, fled to Spain, and afterwards to America. He came for the first time to Morocco in the capacity A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 295 of Physician to the Minister of the United States. Returning to France after the close of the Reign of Terror, he was nominated Consul at Mogador, and commissioned for the National Institute to explore Morocco and the Canaries. His stay in Morocco extended from 1795 to 1801, and his journeys extended to Mogador, Merakish, Saffi, Fez, Mekenes, Salli, Laraiche, Tangier, and Tetuan; sometimes in company with the Abbe Durand. He did not publish anything himself. But he sent plants to Wildenow at Berlin, Desfontaines at Paris, Gouan at Montpellier, and Cavanelles at Madrid. The last-named published in the Anales de Oiencias naturales —“ a now scarce publication, which secured for Spain a temporary place in the republic of science which she did not long retain ” (Ball)—most of those observed in Morocco. Others were described by Wildenow in his Species Plantarum, and by Desfontaines in his Flora Atlantica passim. There is a large collection of his plants in the Herbarum of the Faculty of Sciences in Montpellier, though unfor¬ tunately the labels have got mixed up. (Cosson.) 467. 1796. Agrell, Olof. —Bref om Maroco. Stockholm: 8vo, pp. 661. These letters were written by the Secretary of the Swedish Consulate- General in Morocco, between the years 1789 and 1791. They were translated into German in 1798 under the title of ‘ Neue Reise nach Marokko, welche im Lande selbst gesammelte hist, statistische Nachrichten bis in das Jalir 1797 enthiilt, nebst Anhang von Lempriere’s Reise in einen entfernten Theil des Reichs und besondere Bemerkungen liber das Innere des Harems. Aus dem Schwedischen mit einer Karte von Fes und Marokko, neu entworfen von Fr. Gottlieb Kanzler.’ Niirnberg : 8vo. Part of this volume is occupied with Lempriere’s Journey (No. 449). There is no map in the original Swedish edition. 468. 1796. [Wobelly], Nouveaux voyages sur toutes les cotes de la Barbaric et l’empire de Maroc, dans la H t0 et Basse Egypte, sur les cotes de la Mer Rouge, en Nubie et Abyssinie, etc., etc. Paris, an VIl e de la R. F., 2 vol. in-8, avec cartes et planches. Vol. I., pp. 102-225 contains an account of the “Voyage d'un Consul francais ” (viz.: Chenier). 469. 1796. St.-Saveur, Grassel.—Costumes des habitans d’Alger, Tunis, Tripoli, Maroc, etc. Paris: 4to. Forty-two plates in colours. 470. 1796. Exportacion de Granos. Real Ccdula de S. M. y Senores del Consejo, por la cual se concede a los cinco gremios mayores de Madrid, privi- legio exclusivo por tiempo de ocho anos para trasportar a estos Reinos de los puertos de Marruecos, los Granos y derails frutos que produce aquel pais, en la forma que se expresa. Madrid : fob (Duro.) 471. 1797. Schousboe, Peder Kofed Anker.—Om arabisk Gummi som Handelsvare i Anledning af Borgeren Suedianis Bemairkninger herover. Bulletin des Sciences, No. 8, 1797. Rafn’s Phys.-oeconom. og medico-chir. Bibliothek, 1799, xv. pp. 178-185. 472. - Bidrag til Kundskab om Gummi-Sandarak. (Ibid. pp. 209-215. “ Oversvtat fra Fransk,” i.e. translated from the French.) 473. 1798. Durand, l’Abbe Philippe. Durand collected plants around Tangier, Tetuan, El-Kasar, Larache, Mogador, Mekenes, and Fez, and was perhaps the first and one of the very few travellers who ever penetrated the robber and wild-beast haunted Forest of Mamora. His collections went to different botanists ; some are in the British Museum Herbarum. He published a thesis for the degree of M.D.: ‘Do Quibusdam y VOL. III. 296 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Ch.lorid.is disquisitio botanica,’ 1808; but he does not appear to have written anything else on Morocco. 474. 1798. Sacy, Silvestre de. — De quelques monnaies arabes, et des monnaies de Tunis, d'Alger et de Maroc. Article in the ‘ Magasin encyclo- pedique,’ 1798, tome iii. 475. 1798-1813. Gosselin, P. F. J.—Eecherches sur la Geographic Systema- tique et Positive des Anciens: pour servir de base a l’Histoire de la Geographic Ancienne. Paris : 4 vols., 4to. 476. 1799. Leyden, Dr. John.—Historical and philosophical Sketch of the Discoveries and Settlements of the Europeans in Northern and Western Africa at the close of the 18th century. Edinburgh : 12mo, pp. 442. Another edition was published in 1817 (2nd edition, 1818) with the title, * Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Africa by the late John Leyden, M.D., enlarged and completed to the present time with illustrations of the geography and natural history [by Professor Jameson], as well as of the moral and social condition of its inhabitants, by Hugh Murray, Esq., F.R.S.E.’ Edinburgh : 2 vols., 8vo, pp. xx. 512, and viii. p. 536, with 3 maps. In chapter iii. vol. ii.. of the latter edition is an account of the first voyages to Morocco, Windham’s second voyage, Moiiette’s captivity; Windus’ Visit to Meltenes with Commodore Stewart, and the journeys of Lempriere, Jackson, Keatinge, &c. At the end of the volume is a Bibliography of Africa. An abridged edition, to which Professor Jameson and James Wilson of Woodville (brother of “ Christopher North ”) contributed sections on the Natural History, appeared in 1840 (Edinburgh, 12mo) under the title of < Narrative of Discovery and Adventure in Africa from the earliest to the present time ; with illustrations of the Geology, Mineralogy, and Zoology.’ A French version of the larger work, brought up to date by Cuvilliers, appeared in Paris, 4 vols., 8vo, with 4to Atlas, in 1821. Leyden and Murray may still be consulted with advantage in spite of the vast changes which the last seventy years have brought about. 477. 1799. Trataclo de Paz. Amistad, navegacion, comercio y pesca entre su Majestad Catolica y su Majestad Marroqui concluido y firmado en Mequinez a 1° de Marzo 1799. Colee. Cantillo: also published separately at Madrid. See also Martens, Bee. de Tr. t. ii. p. 175. 478. 1799. Croisibres et negociations de ML de Kinsbergen, avec des details sur Maroc, par ML le B on . de Schoening, rediges sur son journal allemand par de Champigny. Amst. : 8vo. 479. 1800. Ouseley, Sir William.— i ^Slxx+qJ> j Lwc The Oriental Geo¬ graphy of Ebn Haukal, an Arabian traveller of the tenth century. Translated from a MS. in his own Possession. Collated with one preserved in the Library of Eton College. London : 4to, pp. xxxvi. 327. See No. 14. Page 9. Of the Sea of Bourn or the Mediterranean. Page 16. Of Maghreb, or the west part of Africa, its distance and stages. Page 51. Mediterranean Sea. The following also may be consulted:— 1. 1 Dissertatio de Ibn Haukalo.’ Peter Uylenbroek. Lugdunum Bata- vorum: 1822, 8vo. 2. ‘Description de l’Afrique par Ibn Haucal,’ by Baron MacGuckin de Slane, translated from the Arabic. Journ. Asiat., 1842. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 297 3. Arabic Text by De Goeje. Leyden : 1871. 4. A Review of Ouseley’s Work, which was made from a most imperfect Persian MS., and is full of errors, by De Sacy, in the ‘ Mag. Encycl. de Milin.’ t. vi. p. 33. 480. 1800. Schousboe, Peeler Kofod Anker.—Iagttagelser over Vextriget i Marokko, samlede paa en Rejse i Aarene 1791-93. Yidensk. Selsk. Skrifter for 1800, I. Deel, 1 Heft, pp. 1-204, with 7 plates. Separate copies were also reprinted, and in 1801 it was translated into German, ‘ Beobachtungen fiber das Gewachsreich in Marokko, gesammelt auf einer Reise in den Jahren 1791-93. 1. Theil. Aus dem Danischen von J. Ambr. Markussen.’ Ivopenhagen u. Leipzig : 8vo, xvi., pp. 186, 2 tab. In 1874 a new edition in French and Latin appeared under the auspices of the Soc. de Climatologie Algerienne: ‘ Observations sur le regne vegetal au Maroc par P. K. A. Schousboe, assesseur au College general d’agriculture, commerce et industrie. Edition Franpaise-Latine, etablie d’apres l’edition danoise-latine de Copenhague (1800), par le Dr. E. L. Bertherand, et augmentee de la synonymie actuelle par M. le Professeur J. Lange, Directeur du Jardin botanique de Copenhague.’ Paris : 1874, 8vo, xvi., pp. 202, 7 tab. This is still the only separate work on the botany of Morocco. Its accuracy was established by Mr. Maw finding, in 1886, Narcissus viridiflorus (Schousb.) in the exact spot where it was described in 1791 as growing “ copiose,” namely “loco elevato, saxoso, humido juxta Tingidem, quanto itur ab arce ad montem Shebel Kebir ” [Jebel Kebir—“the mountain ” near Tangier], “ mox dextroversumfiectendo cursum inter hortos mare versus,” and “in istmo arenoso inter Gibraltarium et pagum St. Bocqae sito et nomine Neutral ground .” Schousboe was born in Ronne in Denmark in 1766, and, after the usual studies in Copenhagen University, travelled from 1791-94 in Spain and Morocco. He became Consul in 1800; Consul-General in 1821; and died at Tangier in 1832. The genus Schousboea (Schum.) was named after him. (Warming, in the Copenhagen ‘Botanisk Tidsskrift,’ t. xii. p. 92.) 481. 1800. Bombay, Franz von. — Grammatica linguae, Mauro-Arabicae juxta vernaculi idiomatis usum. Accessit vocabularium Latino-Mauro-Arabicum. Opera et studio Francisci de Dombay, Caes. Reg. Linguarum Orientalium In- terpretis. Yindobonae apud Camesina : 4to, pp. 5 + 136. 482. 1801. Damberger, Christian Frederic, “ Carpenter and native of Sch.** ”—Travels in the interior parts of Africa from the Cape of Good Hope to Morocco—through Caffraria, the kingdom of Mataman, Angola, Bahaliara, and from thence across the Great Desart of Sahara and the Northern parts of Barbary —performed during the years 1781 and 1797. 8vo, pp. 390, 3 col., plates and a map by Ch. J. Goldbach of Leipsic dated Oct. 11, 1800. Two other Engl, trans. in same year. Also a French translation by L. H. Delamarre in Paris and Strasbourg, An ix., 2 vols., Svo, pp. 298: viii.+ pp. 375, with Goldbach’s map, and three beautifully engraved plates from imaginative designs by Collet, “eleve de David.” The original work, which we have not met with in any library, was printed by Martini at Leipzig (2 parts, 1801). But though in some respects comparable with the writings of Defoe, it is now known to have been, to use Isaac Disraeli’s language, “ the ideal voyage of a member of the German Grub Street about his own garret” [viz.: Zacliarias Taurinius, a Wittemberg printer (aided by Junge and Tillesius?), who, under the name of Schrodter, issued other fabrications]. Y 2 298 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 483. 1801. Leo Africanus.—Leo’s ans Africa Reisen in Africa, vom Herrra Hofrath Bruns. Gaspari und Bertuchs Allgemeine Geographische Ephemerides, Yol. VII., Yiertes Stuck, April, pp. 309-344. Weimar : 8vo. In this commentary, which contains some useful annotations, only the Latin of Florianus (Leyden edition) and the Italian of Ramusio are quoted. 484. - Solemnia Academica qvvm Serenissimvs et celsissimvs princeps ac Dominvs Gvilielmvs Y. Aravsionis et Nassovhe princeps, Belgii foederati Gvbernator hereditarivs, etc. Rector livjus Academiaj, magnilicentissimvs Ioannem Svam invisurus esset celebranda indicet G. G. Lorsbacb h. t. Prorector, Praemittuntur qnaedam de Io. Leonis descriptione Africae. Herbornae: 4to, Title 1 p. + Dedication to William V., Prince of Orange, afterwards Duke of Nassau-Ufingen 1 p. + text 22 pp., partly in Latin, partly in German. An Academical discourse before the University of Nassau, forming a sort of prospectus of Lorsbacli’s forthcoming version of Leo. It is justly severe upon Florianus’ version, but is not free from the errors which the ferocious Pro-rector stigmatises in such indifferent Latin. 485. 1801. Treaty between Great Britain and. Morocco, signed at Fez, 14th June, 1801, by the Sultan Muley Soliman, and negotiated by Hadgi Abder- harnan Ash Ash, Governor of Tetuan, and James Maria Matra, Consul at Tangier. Explanatory articles were negotiated between Sultan Abderaman ben Hisham and James Sholto Douglas, 12th Jan., 1824. (Ilertslet’s Treaties, vol. iii. p. 17.) 486. 1801. Dombay, Franz von.—Geschichte der Sherifen oder der Konige des ietzt regierenden Hauses zu Marokko. Agram : 8vo, pp. 324. 487. 1802. A Catalogue of MSS. in the Cottonian Library deposited in the British Museum. A number of MSS. regarding Morocco of the 16th and 17th centuries are mentioned under “Nero” VIII., No. 36 et seq., p. 226. 488. 1803. Clarke, Rev. James Stainer.—The Progress of Maritime Discovery from the earliest period to the close of the eighteenth century, forming an extensive system of Hydrography. London : 4to, pp. ccxxx. and 491, with 263 pp. of appendices. Numerous maps and illustrations. This is marked vol. i., but no more was ever published. At 'p. 10 is a notice of the taking of Ceuta by the Genoese in 1231; its occupation by the Portuguese in 1414, p. 147 ; and oJ subsequent Portuguese exploration on the W. Coast of Africa. In the Appendix, pp. 171-202, is “ An explanatory Catalogue of Voyages and Geographical Works by Mr. Locke.” 489. 1803. Curtis, James.—A Journal of Travels in Barbary in the year 1801, with observations on the gum trade of Senegal. London : 12mo. A German translation was published at Rostock, 1804, pp. 157. Mr. Curtis, an army surgeon, was sent from Gibraltar by Governor O’Hara to accompany an embassy (the name of the envoy not being mentioned) to Fez. On recrossing the Strait his vessel was captured by the French, and he and his companions held for a time prisoners in Algesiras. The portion of this work referring to the gum trade is extracted from Golberry’s Travels. 490. 1803. Dombay, Fr. v.—Beschreibung der gangbaren marokkanischen Gold-, Silber- und Kupfer-Miinzen. Wien : 8vo, pp. 53, pi. 1. 491. - Ebn-Medini Mauri fessani sententia, quaedam arabicce. In Arabic and Latin. Vienna: 8vo. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 299 492. 1803. Haringman, Hendrik. —Beknopt dag-journal van een verblyf van agt weeken, in Let Keizerryk van Marocco en landreize naar Mecquinez, gedaan in den jaare 1788, by Gelegenheid eener Hollandsche Ambassade, door den Heer .... vormaals Lieutenant by de Cavallerie in Dienst Deezer Bepubliek. Den Haag : 8vo, pp. 111. Journal of a residence" of two months 'n the Empire of Morocco with a Dutch Embassy under D. A. Haringman. A German edition, ‘Tagebuch, etc.,’ by L. F. Ehrmann, appeared at Weimar in 1805. 493. 1804. Hapdd, J. Bap. Aug. —Arlequin a Maroc. Folie-ffierie en 3 actes. Paris : an xii., 8vo. 494. 1805. Leo Africanus.—Johann Leo der Afrikaner’s Beschreibung von Afrika (by G. G. Lorsbach, No. 484). Herborn : 8vo. This, though the latest, is the most difficult of all the versions of Leo to meet with. 495. 1805. Settala, Luigi. —Ragguaglio del Yiaggio compendioso di nn dilettante antiquario sorpreso dai corsari e condotto in Barberia. Milano : 8vo. Con figuras. (Duro.) 496. 180G. Waddingus, Fr. Lucus. —Scriptores Ordinis Minorum quibus accessit Syllabus illorum qui ex eodem ordine pro fideChristi fortiter accubuerunt, Priores abiamento, Posteriores sanguine Christianum religionem asseruerunt. Itomae: folio, pp. 248 + cviii. The latter portion being an Index Mar¬ ty riarum ; at p. civ. is a list of 13 martyrs in Morocco. 497. 1806. Sacy, Barou Autoine Isaac Silvestre de. —Chrestomathie Arabe. Paris: 3 vols., 8vo. 2nd ed., 1826-31. With a supplement, Anthologie Grammaticale (1829). See No. 550. Contains many Moorish Arabic documents in translation. 498. 1807. Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Ayas El-Hanefi el-Jerkasi. ai c—o V s J ■ — L’odeur des fleurs dans les Merveilles de rUnivers. Notices et Extraits des MSS. de la Bib. Nationale ct autres Bibliotheques. Paris: 4to, t. viii., p. 1. See No. 40. An account, by L. Langlbs, of several MSS. at Paris and elsewhere of this cosmography. The author states that the first canton of the West is that of Sus, and describes its principal cities,—Teroudant, Azaky, Tebrezin, the country of the Berbers, Sedjelmissa, Aghmat, Merakish, Derah, Tadlah, Fez- Telemsan, Melilab, El-Mahdyeh, Sebta (Ceuta), Tandjek (Tangier), &c. This work was probably written about a.d. 1516. 499. 1807. Merino, Fray. —Compendio de gramatica para aprender arabigo- vulgare. Madrid: 8vo. 500. 1808-14. Pinkerton, John. —A general collection of the best and most interesting Voyages and Travels in all parts of the world, &c. Maps and plates. 17 vol. 4to. Vol. xv. contains Addison’s Account of West Barbary; Windus’s Journey to Mekenes; and Lempriere’s Tour in Morocco. 501. 1809. Jackson, James Grey. —Account of the empire of Marocco, and the district of Suse : with an accurate account of Timbuctoo, the great emporium of Central Africa. London : 4to, pp. 326. Map and 13 plates. A 2nd edition appeared in 1811, and a 3rd in 1814. The author of this standard treatise (which however was severely handled by the reviewers) resided some time in a commercial and consular capacity at 300 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Santa Cruz (Agadir), but his work does not contain any narrative of personal adventures. These appear in another work, No. 527. There is also a German version : ‘ Geographisch-statistiche Beschreibung des Konigsreichs Marocco aus dem Englischen, mit Anmerkungen, nebst Zusatzen von E. A. AV. von Zimmer- mann.’ Halle: 8vo, 1815. Mit karten. 502. 1809. Jackson’s Account of Morocco.—Review ol No. 501. The Christian Observer, vol. viii., p. 287. London. 503. 1810. Buffa, John.—Travels through the empire of Morocco, London r 8vo, pp. ix. 244, with a map. Dr. Buffa went in 1806 from Gibraltar to give medical assistance to the- Governor of Larache, whence he journeyed to Mekenes and Fez.< An extract from this was translated into French and published in the * Mem. de la Soc. d’emulation de Cambrai,’ in 1825, by the Abbe Servois. 504. 1811. Bourke, Thomas.—A jConcise History of the Moors in Spain. London: 8vo. One of many similar compilations; but it contains a few facts bearing directly on Morocco. 505. 1812. Abu el-Kassim Ahmed ez-Ziani. See No. 1666. 506. 1814. Ali Bei el Abassi [pseudonym of Domingo Badia y Leblich, a Spanish traveller].—Voyages en Afrique et enAsie pendant les annees 1803-1807. Paris : 3 vol., 8vo, with atlas, 4to, lxxxv. plates, of which those from i. to xii.. bis, relate to Morocco, and 3 maps. An English version was published at London in 1816, 2 vol. 4to; a Spanish one in 1836, at Valencia, 3 vol. 8vo ; and a second French edition at Paris,. 1884, 3 vol. 12mo. The author travelled (1805-6) as a Turk ; he landed at Tangier, where he saw tlie Sultan, passed through Mekenes to Fez, returned to the coast at Rabat, going from thence to Merakisb, where he remained for some months, being all the time treated with great magnificence; he returned to Fez, Ujda, and El Araish (Larache), whence he embarked for Tripoli and the further East, Including Mekka, which he duly reached. (Edinburgh Review, vol. xxiii. p. 521.) In the Introduction to the English edition full particulars are given of his visits to England, both before and after his memorable journeys. But the- man’s history is still a mystery. No one seems to have ascertained the source of the funds which he spent with princely magnificence. He pretended to be a native of Aleppo, and was known as Sid Helebi— i.e. “the gentleman of Aleppo: ” and it is thought that the Spanish Government supplied him with money, though what purpose they had in so doing is not quite clear. Latterly both the Sultan and the officials got suspicious of him, and the rumour spread abroad that he was an agent of Bonaparte. Two renegades in his employ whispered that he had corns on his feet, excrescences unknown to Moors, whose shoes are loose over the toes. The Emperor sent him wives, who were intended to spy upon him ; and his departure from the Empire was closely akin to expulsion. Latterly, the absurd report circulated that he was actually Bonaparte himself, and for a time he was called “ Parte; ” for as “ Bona ” signifies in the Lingua Franca “ good,” they would not designate him by a name which might imply that the Frankish conqueror was anything but a fiend. A son of his was living in Fez fifteen years after his departure. Some curious particulars about Ali Bei are given in Jackson’s ‘ Timbuctoo and Housa’ (No. 527), pp. 297-304. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 301 507. 1816. Morocco, Ali Bei’s Travels in. Quarterly Review, April, pp. 298-345. 508. 1816. Janson, W.—A View of the Present Condition of the States of Barhary; or an account of the Climate, Soil, Produce, Population, Manufactures, Naval and Military strength of Morocco, Fez, Algiers, Tripoli and Tunis. Also a Description of their Mode of Warfare, interspersed with Anecdotes of their Cruel Treatment of Christian captives, illustrated by a new and correct hydro- graphical map, drawn by J. J. Asheton. London : 16mo, pp. 172. 509. 1816. [Tully, Miss.] Narrative of a ten years’ residence in Tripoli in Africa: from the original correspondence in the possession of the family of the late Richard Tully, Esq., a British Consul. Comprising authentic memoirs and anecdotes of the Reigning Bashaw, his family, and other persons of distinction; also, an account of the domestic manners of the Moors, Arabs, and Turks. London : 4to, pp. 370. Map and six coloured plates of costume. This work, though on Tripoli, contains a good deal about the Moroccan Royal family, and especially about Mowlai Yezid, the heir apparent, and after¬ wards Sultan of Morocco. See pp. 148, 149, 164, 167, 196, 280. It has been translated into French: ‘ Voyage a Tripoli, relation d’un sejour de dix annees, etc.; traduit de l’anglais par J. Macarthy.’ Paris: 2 vol., 1819. Reviewed in the ‘ Monthly Review, t 1818, vol. lxxxvii., pp. 113, 121, and the ‘ Christian Observer,’ vol. xvi., pp. 453-467. See also No. 143 of ‘ Tripoli Bibliography.’ 510. 1816. Morcelli, Stefano Antonio, Librarian to Cardinal Albani.— Africa Christiana, in tres partes tributa. Brixke, 1816-17. 3 vols. 4to, pp. 394, 376, 341; with maps of Mauritania, Numidia, and Tripolita. This is the great standard work on the African Church. In the Appendix to vol. i. Morcelli gives a list of several bishoprics, in which Merakish figures as Bocanum Hemerum and Fez as Volubilis. 511. 1816. Adams, Robert.—The Narrative of Robert Adams, a Sailor who was wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa in 1810; was detained three years in slavery by the Arabs of the Great Desert, and resided several months in the city of Timbuctoo. With a map, notes, and an appendix [by Samuel Cox and Joseph Dupuis]. 4to, pp. xxxi. and 231. A French translation by De Frasans was published in 1817 : ‘ Nouveau Voyage dans l’interieur d’Afrique fait en 1810 : contenant les details de son naufrage sur la cote occidentale de l’Afrique, sa captivite pendant trois annees, chez les Arabes du grand Desert, et son sejour dans la ville de Tombouctou.’ 8vo. There is a second translation in German: ‘ Reise in den Binnenlanden von Afrika.’ Amsterdam: 8vo, 1826. An abstract also appeared in the Geo- graphische Ephemeriden, Bd. 1. The information given by this shipwrecked seaman is very vague, and even at the time there were strongly expressed doubts whether he had ever been actually to Timbuktu. These doubts have long ago been resolved into certainty, in the minds of every one capable of forming an instructed opinion, that Adams was a gross impostor, in spite of the zeal with which he was defended in the Quarterly Revieiv as late even as 1829. Graberg di Ilemso has summed up the evidence on this point so conclusively that, as it is con¬ tained in a little known periodical—the Antologia of Florence (No. 197)—we may quote it, more especially as the authenticity of Adams’ journey is still 302 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. accepted in some quarters : “ Adams—this new Damberger, whose real name was Benjamin Bose, a native of Hudson, near New York—was as much at Timbuktu as Damberger had been at Haussa, or Psalmanazaar in the Island of Formosa. His narrative begins in the year 1810, and it is a matter of public notoriety that the brig Charles, on board of which he was a seaman, was not shipwrecked until the lltli of October, 1811; a fact which Rose himself deposed to, upon oath, at the American Consulate at Tangier, in the year 1813, in the presence of the late Consul, James Simpson, who redeemed him from slavery in the year 1813, and who, three years later, gave me this very deposition of Rose to read. Afterwards at Gibraltar I saw with my own eyes and read the official Government Gazette, of the 4th of October, 1811, in which the sailing of the brig Charles was announced. It follows that every fact and incident described by this impostor to have happened before that period in the year 1811 must be set down as completely false and invented: the more so, as two of Rose’s companions in misfortune, both of them seamen in the same vessel and both Americans—viz. James Davidson [Davison] and Martin Clarke (the latter Rose’s own brother-in-law)—and an Englishman who had been shipwrecked in another vessel in the same year 1811, all unanimously swore before Consul Simpson, that Rose had always remained with them, or at a short distance, in the environs of Wad Nun, during the whole period of their slavery, and that not one of them had ever been to the south of the parallel of Cape Blanc. Consul Simjjson was not the only depositary of a narrative dictated by Rose, previously to the one published in London. Charles Hall, an American mer¬ chant settled at Cadiz, with whom Rose lived as a servant during the year 1814, drew up another under his dictation, which I have also had an oppor¬ tunity of comparing with the one at Tangier, and with the other printed in 1816 by Samuel Coxe [Cock], Secretary of the African Association in London, to whom he had the cunning or the good fortune to sell his tinsel for gold (i suoi picchi per pappagulli), notwithstanding the doubts and cogent objec¬ tions of the sagacious and venerable Sir Joseph Banks and the most learned John Barrow. [Mr. Cock, however, declares that though these eminent men were at first suspicious of Adams’ veracity, owing to his errors on some natural history points, ‘ of the general truth of his narrative they did not, even at that early period, entertain any doubt.’] .... Notwithstanding, I am far from refusing to this pseudonymous narrative every species of merit .... As the narrator understood and spoke Arabic tolerably well, and appears to have been endowed with an excellent memory and a certain spirit of inquiry, it is more than probable that he really collected from Moors and Negroes, who had visited Timbuktu, the information which he afterwards related at Mogadore, Tangier, Cadiz, and London .... Such as it is, the narrative published under his name is perhaps the best which we yet possess relative to that famous city, thanks to the notes and observations of M. Dupuis” [British Vice-Consul in Mogador, who believed Adams’ story and supplied many memoranda for its elucidation]. The Appendix is full of excellent geographical and ethno¬ graphical matter concerning Morocco. 512. 1816. Keatinge, Colonel Maurice.—Travels in Europe and Africa .... comprising a Journey through France, Spain, and Portugal to Morocco; with a particular account of that empire, &c. London: 4to, 2 vol. (bound in ’ one). Many plates. Vol. i. pp. 346, Preface and Contents xvii.; vol. ii. pp. 274. The portions relating to Morocco—Mogador to Merakish, and up the coast to Tangier, the regular route of the embassies, one of which (Mr. A BIBLIOGRAPHY" OF MOROCCO. 303 Payne’s) Col. Keatinge accompanied—are in vol. i. pp. 175-346 and in vol. ii. pp. 1-54. The journey was, however, made in 1785, and though diffuse is valuable for the account it gives of Mowlai Abdalla; of whom a most repulsive portrait serves as frontispiece. At the time of Keatinge’s visit to Merakish there seemed to have been, what is not the case now, quite a little European colony there—including a Venetian who was the Sultan’s mercantile agent, a Prussian, and two Spanish monks who had a “ hospicio ” there, and were engaged in the redemption of Christian captives. There was also a tiny “ Danish garden."’ There were several renegades, including a Frenchman and his French wife, and numbers of people of consequence, the descendants of old renegades, who were always addressed as “ Uncles.” Among them was an Englishman, Thomas Myers, who bore the title of El-Kaid Boazzer. He professed to be one of the crew of the Inspector privateer, wrecked in Tangier Bay in January 1745 (No. 37), —a statement which is confirmed by one “ Thomas Mears ” appearing in the list of the twenty members of the crew who “ turn’d Moors.” 513. 1816. Pyl, R. van der.—Korte Beschrijving der staten van Barbarije, Marokko, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli en Fezzan. Benevens een naauwkeurig verhaal van delloemrijke overwinning, door de Gecombineerde Britsclie en Nederlandsche vloten, onder Lord Exmouth en den Baron van de Capellen, onlangs voor Algiers behaald. With view of Algiers. Dordrecht: 8vo, pp. iv. 304. The portion specially upon Morocco is the “ 11° Hoofddeel ” (pp. 17-41). 514. 1S17. Riley, James.—Loss of the American brig Commerce , wrecked on the Western Coast of Africa in the month of August 1815, with an account of Tombuctoo and of the hitherto undiscovered great city of Wassanah. Hartford, U.S.: 8vo (plates and portrait). London : 4to, pp. 618 (map). Published in French (by Peltier), German and Dutch (2 vols. 8vo) at Paris, Jena and Dordrecht (2 vols. 8vo), in 1818. The account of Timbuktu and AVassanah is derived from Arab report. The rest of the information regarding the same part of the Morocco coast, on which Cochelet, Adams, Paddock, Scott, Follie, Butler, Douls, and others have been enslaved, is fairly circumstantial. 515. 1817. Jackson, G-. A.—Algiers : being a complete picture of the Barbary States; their government, laws, religion, and natural productions. A sketch of their various revolutions. A description of the domestic manners and customs of the Moors, Arabs and Turks. An account of the four great Capitals of Algiers, Tripoli, Tunis and Morocco, and a narrative of the various attacks upon Algiers by the European States; including a faithful detail of the late glorious victory of Lord Exmouth. London : 8vo, pp. vi. 411, with map and nine plates in colours. A compilation in which there is almost as much about Morocco as Algiers. 516. 1817. Murray, Hugh, F.R.S.E.—Historical Account of Discoveries and Travels in Africa. See No. 476. 517. 1817-22. Fanucci, Giov. Battista.—Storia dei celebri popoli maritimi dell’ Italia—Veneziaoi, Genovesi e Pisani—e delle loro navigazioni e commercio nei bassi Secoli. Pisa: 8vo, 4 Lib. 518. 1817. Conde, Don Josef Antonio.—Memoria sobre la Moneda Arabiga y en especial la acunada en Fspana por los Principes Musulmanes. Mem. de la Tieal Acad, de la Hist. Madrid, t. v. pp. 225-314, with five plates. This contains a few coins of Morocco. 304 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 519. 1817. Ceuta. —Disposicion sobre los peligros que amenazaban a la plaza de Ceuta, 24 Oct. Una hoj. en fol. del Consejo de Estado. (Duro.) 520. 1817. Pananti, Filippo. —Aventure e osservazioni sopra le costa di Barberia. Firenze: 8vo, 2 parts. Milan : 12mo, 3 vols. A French translation by Henri de la Salle, Paris, 1820, 8vo, pp. 623. An English : ‘ Narrative of a Residence in Algiers ; comprising a geographical and historical account of the Regency; Biographical Sketches of the Dey and his Ministers; Anecdotes of the late war; Observations on the relations of the Barbary States with the Christian Powers, and the necessity of their complete subjugation. With Notes and Illustrations by Edward Blaquiere, Esq., R.N., Author of “ Letters from the Mediterranean.”’ London: 4to, 1818, pp. xxii. 465, with view (in colours) of Algiers, plan of the City and Bay, with the position of Lord Exmouth’s fleet on the 27th of August, 1816, and a map of the Regency of Algiers. Signor Pananti, an Italian poet of some note in his day, was “taken” during a voyage from England, where he had been a refugee during the revolutionary storm. His work, though specially on Algiers and its institutions, contains many remarks regarding Morocco and the other Barbary States (chaps, xviii., xix., &c.), proposals for subjugating them and colonizing North Africa. See also ‘ Bibliotheque Uni verselle,’ 1817 ; ‘Eclectic Review,’ vol. x., New Series, 1818. 521. 1818. Paddock, Judah. —Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Oswego on the Coast of South Barbary, and of the sufferings of the Master and the Crew while in bondage among the Arabs; interspersed with numerous remarks upon the country and its inhabitants and of the peculiar perils of that coast. London : 4to, pp. 372. Captain Paddock was wrecked in 1800. His narrative is a modest account of great sufferings; it is evidently trustworthy. 522. 1818. Bray, William. —Memoirs illustrative of the life and writings ot John Evelyn, Esq., F.R.S., Author of the * Sylva,’ &c. &c., comprising his diary from the year 1641 to 1705-6, and a selection of his familiar letters, to which is subjoined The Private Correspondence between King Charles I. and his Secretary of State, Sir Edward Nicholas, &c. London: 2 vols., 4to, pp. xxxiii. + 620; 335. Numerous entries regarding Morocco and Tangier. 523. 1818. Ceuta. —Reglamento del Presidio Correccional de Ceuta. Madrid, (Duro.) 524. 1819-21. Hutton, Catherine. —The Tour of Africa, with Accounts of the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants. Selected and arranged by ... . London: 3 vols. 8vo. Abstracts of Lempriere, Jackson, Chenier, and Ali Bey. 525. 1818. Ibn Batuta. — De Mohammede Ebn Batuta Arabe Tingitano ejusque Itineribus — Commentatio Academica a.d. vii Martii cioiocccxviii. Auctor Joannes Gothofrehdus Ludovicus Kosegarten Lingua Oriental. . . . Iu Universitate Litterar. Jenensi Professor Publicus Ordinarius. Jenrn : 4to, pp. 51. Nos. 28, etc. This was the first translation in volume form of Ibn Batuta. It is, however, an abridgment, and seems to have been made from a copy of the same MS. as that from which Professor Lee made his English version (No. 556). In 1819 Professor Apetz, also of Jena, published another translation of part of A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 305 the same MS., hut this contained only the account of Malabar: ‘ Descriptio Terra) Malabar ex Arabico Ebn Batuta) Itinerario edita, interpretatione et annotationibus instructa per Henricum Apetz. Jena) mdcccxix.’ 4to, pp. 24. Africa forms the fourth section of Professor Ixosegarten’s translation. It is accompanied by some useful notes and a few geographical extracts from other works. See review by Silvestre de Sacy in ‘Journal des Savants,’ January 1820. Seetzen gave an account of another abridgment in Zach's ‘Monatliche Correspondenz,’ Bd. xvii., pp. 293-304, ten years earlier. 526. 1819. Dumont, Pierre Joseph. — Histoire de l’esclavage en Afriquo pendant 34 ans . . . .; redigee par J. S. Quesne. Paris: 8vo. English trans. London: 8vo, pp. 44. Issued as Ho. iii. of vol. ii. Phillips’ ‘ London Journal of Voyages and Travels.’ Dumont was wrecked in Oct. 1782 on the coast between Oran and Algiers. He was captured by the Berbers (“Koubal” = Kabail), and passed much of his time in Tlemcen and the neighbouring country then to some extent under the control of the Sultan of Morocco, of whom, the various renegades in that region and the native customs he supplies curious if doubtfully authentic particulars. 527. 1820. Jackson, James Grey, Resident upwards of sixteen years in South and Western Barbary in a diplomatic and in a commercial capacity.— An Account of Timbuctoo and Housa, territories in the interior of Africa, by El IIage Abd Salam Shabeeny, with notes, critical and explanatory. To which is added, Letters descriptive of Travels through West and South Barbary, and across the Mountains of Atlas. Also Fragments, Hotes, and Anecdotes; Specimens of the Arabic epistolary style, &c. &c. London : 8vo, xxx. and 547, with 2 maps. Esh-Shabini travelled extensively in H.W. Africa, to Mecca and Medina, and various parts of Europe. He eventually settled at Tetuan, where he died in 1793. 528. 1820-21. Conde, Jose Antonio.—Historia de la dominacion de los Arabes en Espaha sacada de varios manuscritos y memorias arabigas. Madrid : 3 vols., 4to. Vol. i. (1820), pp. 635; vol. ii. (1820), pp. 460; vol. iii. (1821), pp. 268. One volume is practically a translation of Roudh el-Ivartas. Reprinted in Paris in 1840, and in Barcelona in 1844. A French trans¬ lation by De Maries was published in Paris in 1825, 8vo, 3 vols., and an English one by Mrs. Foster, (History of the Dominion of the Arabs in Spain,’ in Bohn’s Standard Library, 3 vols., with portrait of Abderahman ben Moarra. It is a work of considerable literary merit; but historically it has been quite superseded by Gayangos and Dozy’s histories ( q. v.). 529. 1820. Grdberg de Hemso, Jacques, formerly Swedish and Sardinian Consul in Morocco.—Lettera sulla Peste di Tangeri negli anni 1818 c 1819. Tanger: 8vo. There is also a French edition (Tangier, 1820). 530. 1820. - Precis de la litterature historique du Mogh’rib el Acsa. Lyon: 8vo. The basis of the first chapter of Ho. 573. 531. 1820. Shelley, Percy Bysshe.—The Witch of Atlas. London: 8vo. A poem of which the sole connection with Morocco is that the “ heroine ” is supposed to live in the Atlas, which in Shelley’s day, even more than in ours, was the secret place of Horthern Africa. Mr. Stutfield has, to some 306 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. extent, utilised the idea of “A Lady-Witch that lived on Atlas Mountain” in No. 2036. 532. 1821. Walckenaer, Baron C. A., Membre de l’Institut.—Recherches geographiques sur l’interieur de l’Afrique Septentrionale, comprenant l’histoire des Voyages entrepris ou executes jusqu’a ce jour pour penetrer dans l’lnterieur du Soudan ; l’exposition des Systemes geographiques qu’on a formes sur cette contree; l’analyse de divers itineraires arabes pour determiner la position de Timbouctou; et l’examen des connaissances des anciens relativement a l’interieur de l’Afrique, suivies d’un append] ce, contenant divers Itineraires traduit de l’Arabe par M. le Baron Silvestre de Sacy et M. de La Porte ; et plusieurs autres Relations ou itineraires egalement traduits de l’Arabe, ou extraits des Voyages le plus recents. Paris : 8vo, pp. 525, with a map. The Itineraries, &c. concerning Morocco are those of Ibn Batuta, Leo Africanus, Saugnier and Brisson, Riley, Alexander Scott, &c. 533. 1821. Scott, Alexander.—Account of the Captivity of . . . among the Wandering Arabs of the Great African Desert for a period of nearly six years, 1810-1816. Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, vol. iv., No. vii., p. 38. Nouvelles Annales des Voyages, t. viii. pp. 321-353. Scott was wrecked in 1810 between Cape Nun and Cape Bogador. He, like Adams, pretended to have reached the Niger; but there is no ground for believing that he did, and his entire narrative is untrustworthy. See No. 511. 534. 1821. Cochelet, Charles.—Naufrage du brick Francais La Sophie perdu le 30 Mai 1819, sur la cote occidentale d’Afrique, et captivite d’une partie des naufrages dans le desert de Sahara; avec de nouveaux renseignemens sur la ville de Timectou. Onvrage orne d’une Carte dressee par M. Lapie, et de Planches dessinees par H. Viernet, et autres artistes distingues. Paris: 2 vols., 8vo. Vol. i., pp. 348; vol. ii., pp. 361. See also No. 535. The map of North Africa is excellent. 535. 1822. Cochelet, Charles.—Narrative of the Shipwreck of the Sophia on the 30th of May, 1819, on the West Coast of Africa, and of the Captivity of part of the crew in the desert of Sahara. Map and plates. 8vo, pp. 118. Printed as No. 36 of Phillips’ ‘ London Journal of Voyages and Travels ’ (1822). It is a condensed translation of the French original, No.. 534 a See also Blackwood’s Edin. Mag., vol. xi., p. 316. 536. 1822-25. Mannert, Konrad. — Geographic der Griech. und Bomer. Thirteen volumes, 8vo, Leipzig, 2nd ed. The second section of the tenth volume, pp. 1-536, treats of the Barbary States. These form the basis of Marcus and Duesberg’s translation, No. 640. 537. 1822. Hammer, M. de.—Notice sur l’introduction a la connaissance de l’Histoire. Celebre ouvrage arabe d’lbn Khaldoun. ‘Journ. Asiatique,’ tome i., pp. 267-278, gives a short summary of Ibn Khaldun’s work. 538. 1823. Scott, Alexander, and Rennell, Major J.—Account of the Captivity of . . . among the Wandering Arabs of the Great African Desert; and Observations on the geography of Mr. Scott’s Routes in North Africa. (Phillips’ New Voyages and Travels. London : 9 vols. 8vo, 1819-23.) The narrative and comments are in vol. ix. 539. 1824. Dupuis, Joseph.—A Journal of a Residence in Ashantee . . . Illustrated with a plate and maps. 4to. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 307 This is not in any part of Barbary, but there are various references to Morocco, where the author formerly resided in the capacity of British Vice- Consul at Mogador, and numbers of Arabic documents in Part ii., pp. i.-cxxxv. 540. 1824. Treaty between France and Morocco, renewing that of 17G7. Tab. des ]£tab. Fr., 1841, p. 423. 541. 1824. Additional Articles to anterior French Treaties, 17th May. De Clercq’s Rec. de Traites, t. iii., pp. 317, 379. 542. 1824. Latreille, de l’Academie Royale des Sciences, etc.—Recherches geographiques sur l’Afrique Centrale d’apres les ecrits d’Edrisi et de Leon l’Africain, compares avec les relations modernes. l’aris : 8vo, pp. 30. 543. 1825. The Three Brothers; or, the Travels and Adventures of Sir Anthony, Sir Robert & Sir Thomas Sherley, in Persia, Russia, Turkey, Spain, etc. With portraits [of Sir Anthony Sherley, Lady Teresa Sherley and Sir- Robert Sherley]. London: 8vo, pp. iv.+ 204. Sir Anthony was employed in 1604 as the Emperor’s Ambassador to the King of Morocco (pp. 121-127). This account is the same as in Ro. C.’s ‘ Collection of Things most memorable, etc.’ Purchas (No. 148) and separate volume, No. 125. 544. 1825. Salzmann, Philippe.—Plant® lect® in itinere Ilispano-Tingitano. Paris: folio, 1825, 1826, 1827. This was a collection of “ exsiccata ” or dried specimens, with descriptive labels; the Morocco species chiefly from Tangier, 200 species in all, in three fasciculi. Some of Salzmann’s plants were published by M. A. P. Decandolle, in his ‘ Prodromus Systematis Naturalis,’ and others remained unpublished except for the collector’s MS. names attached to them; though, as these were extensively distributed with his “exsiccata,” Mr. Ball considers this equivalent to publication. Very complete sets of them exist in the Kew Herbarium. 545. 1825. Pepys, Samuel.— The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., from 1659 to 1669, with memoir, by Richard, Lord Braybrooke. A popular edition of this well-known work forms one of the “ Chandos Classics,” London : s. d. pp. xii. and 639. Though the ‘Correspondence’ (No. 626) is the chief authority for his dealings with that city, this volume contains many remarks about Tangier, from the time that he was appointed a “ Commissioner for the Affairs of Tangier ” in August 1662 until 1669, when one of his last recorded acts was attending “ a Committee of Tangier, where I see all things going to rack . . . by Middleton’s doing.” 546. 1825. Lassen, Rasmussen.—Annales Islamismi sive tabulae synchro- nistico-chronologicae Chalifarum et Regum orientis et occidentis. Copenhagen: 4 to. 547. 1825. Comyn, Tomas de.—Ligera ojeada 6 breve idea del imperio de Marruecos en 1822. Barcelona : 4to. i.etters written from Tangier in 1822 to D. Manuel Jose Quentana. 547a. 1825. Teonge, Henry.—The Diary of ... . Chaplain on Board His Majesty’s Ships Assistance, Bristol and Royal Oak, Anno 1675-1679, now first published from the original MS. with Biographical and historical notes. London : 8vo. pp. xviii. + 327. An account of Tangier, pp. 29, etc. 548. 1826. Castiglione, il Conte Carlo Ottavio.—Mcmoire geographique et numismatique sur la partie oiientale de la Barbarie appelee Afrikia par les 308 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Arabes, suivi de Recherches sur les Berberes Atlantiques, anciens habitans de ces contrees . . . Milan: 8vo, pp. 126. Except indirectly, this memoir has little to do with Morocco or its peoples. 549. 1826. Jonnies, P. D. W.—Merkantilisch-geschichtliche Darstellung der Barbaresken Staaten u. ihrer Verhaltnisse zu den europaischen und vereinigten Nord-Americanischen Staaten. Hamburg: 4to, with map. 550. 1827. Saey, Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre de. — Cbrestomathie Arabe, on extraits de divers ecrivains Arabes, tant en prose qu’en vers, avec line traduction francaise et des Notes a l’usage des Eleves de l’Ecole royale et speciale des langues Orientales vivantes. Second ed. corrigee et augmentee. Paris o vol. 8 vo. First edition, see No. 497. Contains the following documents relating to Morocco :— Tome iii. No. xxix. 2. Lettre de l’Empereur de Maroc au Boi de France. Text, pp. 97-100; French translation, pp. 275-278, notes 330-331. The name of the Sultan is not given, but it was probably Mowlai Abd-el-Melek, who ascended the throne in a.d. 1630. 1. c. 3. Traite de paix conclu entre le Boi de France et l’Empereur du Maroc. Text, pp. 100-114; French version, pp. 278-285, notes 332-341. This treaty was made by the Comte de Breugnon in 1767 (see No. 403). 1. c. 4. Lettre de l’Empereur du Maroc a Louis XVI., Boi de France. Text, pp. 114-116; translation, pp. 286-287, notes 342-347. This letter, dated a.h. 1188 (a.d. 1773-74), was written on the occasion of the king’s succession to Louis XV. 1. c. 5. Lettre de l’Empereur du Maroc au meme. Text, pp. 116-119; translation, pp. 287-289, notes 287-347. Regarding Christians wrecked on the coast and captured by the Arabs, and complaining of the conduct of the Consul. 551. 1827. Webb, Philippe-Barker. — Description des especes du genus Ratama. Ann. Sc. Nat., ser. 2, vol. xx,, p. 269. 552. 1828. Baudin, L. S., Lieutenant de Vaisseau.—Manuel du Pilote de la Mer Mediterranee, ou Description des Cotes d’Espagne, de France, d’ltalie et d’Afrique dans la Mediterranee, depuis le detroit de Gibraltar jusqu’au Cap Bon pour l’Afrique et jusqu’en dehors du detroit de Messine pour l’Europe; traduit pour la Cote d’Espagne et la partie correspondante de la Cote de Barbarie du “Derrotero” ou Routier espagnol de Tofino, redige pour le reste par L. S. Baudin. (Premier Partie.) Toulon : 1828 et 1840, 8vo. A new edition in 2 vol., 8vo, was published in 1857. The first part contains an account of the Mediterranean Coast of Morocco. 553. 1828. Beauclerk, G.—A Journey to Morocco in 1826. London : 8vo, pp. 355, with eight plates, including one of the striped Morocco rat (Mus bar- barus, L.), and “ a spider found at Mogadore,” the species of which cannot well be identified. Captain Beauclerk accompanied Dr. Brown of the Royal Medical Staff from Gibraltar to Merakish, in answer to a request for medical aid to the Sultan. He gives a lively and intelligent account of a journey then more seldom made than of late years. A German translation appeared in Jena in 1829, 8vo. A Polish version was published in 1880, entitled £ Podroz do Moroko . w roku 1826 odhyta.’ Warszawa, 12°. And an abridged German one in 1829 : ‘ Reise nach Marocco im Jahr 1826.’ (Reprinted from ‘ Ethnograph. Archiv’.) Jena: 8vo. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 309 554. 1828. Moura, Antonio, a Father of the order “de la Merci.”—Historia dos Soberanos Mahometanos que reinapao na Mauritania. Lisboa: 4to. Trans¬ lated from the Arabic work ‘ Budh el-Kartas ’ of Bin Abd-el-Halim. See also Nos. 26, 465, 646, 871, 1523. 555. 1828. Carrillo de Albornoz, Mariano.—Yiage a Tanger y apunta- ciones sobre el imperio de Marruecos. MS. de 50 boj. on la Bib. de Ingenieros. (Duro.) 556. 1829. Lee, Samuel, D.D.—The Travels of Ibn Batuta, translated from the abridged Arabic manuscript copies preserved in the Public Library of Cam¬ bridge. With notes illustrative of the History, Geography, Botany, Antiquities, &c., occurring throughout the work. Printed for the Oriental Translation Com¬ mittee. London: 4to, pp. xix. and 243. See Nos. 28, 616, 742, 752. Chap. i. treats of Tangier, Tilimsan, Milyana, Algiers, Bijaya, Kosantina, Buna, Tunis, Susa, Safakus, Ivabis, Tripoli, &c. Ibn Batuta (Abu Abd-Allah Mohammed Ibn Abd-Allab el-Lawati) left bis native city, Tangier, about 1325, when be was twenty-one, and spent thirty years before be ended his wanderings all over the East. This is a very creditable translation, though not without errors, but owing to its abridged form it gives, as M. Dozy justly remarks, “ a very feeble idea of the importance of the original work ” (Diet, detaille des noms des vetements cbez les Arabes, 1S45, p. vii.). See also Silvestre de Sacy in ‘ Journal des Savants,’ Aug. & Sept. 1829. It is made from an epitome by the Katib Mohammed Ibn JazzI el-Kelbl. 557. 1830. Caillie, Bene.—Journal d’un voyage a Temboctou et h Jenne, dans l’Afrique Centrale, precede d’Observations faites cbez les Maures, Braknas, les Nalons et d’autres peuples, pendant les annees 1824, 1825, 1826, 1827, 1828; avec une carte itineraire, et des remarques geographiques, par M. Jomarcl, Membre de lTnstitut. Paris: 8vo, 3 vol., pp. xii. + 475 + 426 + 406, with por¬ trait, plates, and map. An English translation in 2 vols., entitled ‘ Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo and across the great desert to Morocco, performed in the years 1824-28.’ London, 8vo, pp. viii. + 475 ; xiv. + 501. On the return journey he visited Fez, Mekenes, Babat, El-Araish, and Tangier. The French edition was reviewed (inter alia) in the ‘ Foreign Quarterly lleview,’ vol. vi., No. xi., pp. 97-121, and accepted as authentic; though serious doubts were unjustly cast on the good faith of M. Jomard, its editor. 558. 1830. Russell, M., Bishop of the Scotch Episcopal Church, Glasgow and Galloway.-—• History and present condition of the Barbary States, forming vol. xviii. of the Edinburgh Parlour Library. Edinburgh: 8vo, pp. 456. An¬ other edition, 1835. Chap. ix. is devoted to the Empire of Morocco. 559. 1830. Observations on the Western Coast of the Morocco State during my journey from Mogador to Tangier, in July and August 1830. Memo¬ randum respecting the foundation of Mogador, its trade, description of the bay, &c. • with a description of Santa Cruz, Ceuta, Tetuan, and other ports of the State of Morocco, with an account of the death of Major Laing, &c. Folio, MS. in the Library of the B. G. S., London. 560. 1830. Rennell, Major James.—The Geographical system of Herodotus examined and explained, by a comparison with those of other ancient authors ... 310 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. with dissertations on .. . the ancient circumnavigation of Africa, &c. 2 voi. 8vo, portrait and maps. Original edition, 1800. Mere casual references to Morocco, Herodotus being familiar with few places near the Pillars of Hercules. See No. 3, for an analysis of his information. 561. 1830. Leo Africanus.—De l’Afrique, contenant la description de ce pays par Leon l’Africain, et la navigation des anciens capitaines Portugais aux Indes orientales et occidentales. Traduction de Jean Temporal. Paris : 4 vols., 8vo, without figures or maps. Yol. i., pp. lv. 640; vol. ii., pp. 581; vol. iii., pp. xvii. 576; vol. iv., pp. viii. 758. “Imprimerie aux frais du Gouvernement pour pro¬ curer du travail aux ouvriers typographiques, Aout 1830” (de l’imprimerie de L. Cordier). It is a corrected reprint of Temporal’s translation, No. 49. 562. 1830. - II viaggi di Giovan Leone e le Navigazioni di Alvise da Ca da Mosto, di Pietro di Cintra, di Annone, di un pilato Portoghese, e di Yasco di Gama; quali si leggone nella raccolta di Giovambattista Eamusio. Nuova edizione, riveduta sopra quelle do’Giunti; in molti luoghi emendata; ed arric- chita di sei notizie che il viaggiatore, i navigatori ed il raccoglitore ragguardano. Volume unico. Yenezia : sm. folio, pp. 257. This is a corrected reprint of Eamusio. The notices of that geographer, Leo, and the other authors are signed “B.” Leo’s work occupies 168 double columned pages. Only one volume was ever issued. This is the Italian text - usually quoted. 563. 1830. Delaporte, M., Vice-Consul a Tanger.— Lettre a M. le Baron Silvestre de Sacy. ‘Journ. Asiat.,’ Paris, 2 e Ser. p. 318. Eegarding an inscrip¬ tion from Fez, extracted from the work le Petit Kartas. 564. 1830 ? Manifiesto de S. M. el Emperador de Marruecos, Muley Soliman. Traducido literalmente del Arabe al Idioma Italiano, y de este al Espanol, publi- cado de orden de Su Ministro Mahamed Ben-Otman-Tetuan a 22 de la Luna de Eamadan 1207. Mexico: 4to, pp. 8. 565. 1830. Avezac, A. P. D’.—Eevue critique des remarques et reclierches geo- graphiques annexees au voyages de Caillie a Tembectu, Mem. Soc. Asiatique, Oct. 3rd. 566. 1831. Avezac, A. P. D’.—Eeponse aux objections elevees en Angleterre contre 1’authenticite du voyage de Caillie a Ten-Boktoue. No place or date [Paris]: 8vo., pp. xxxiv., with two plates, one the facsimile of Caillie’s original sketch of Timbuktu. This letter is a reply to an article by Sir John Barrow in the ‘ Quarterly Eeview’ for January, doubting the entire authenticity of Caillie’s narrative, and even questioning whether Caillie had not obtained Major Laing’s papers through the instrumentality of Baron Eousseau, French Consul at Tripoli! 567. 1831. Washington, Lieut.—Geographical notice of the Empire of Morocco. ‘ Journ. Eoy. Geog. Soc.,’ London, t. i., p. 123, with map. This now classical paper by the late Admiral Washington, who accompanied an embassy to Morocco, appeared in French in ‘Bull. Soc. Ge'ogr.,’ Paris, March 1832, and in the ‘ Speetateur Militaire,’ 1844. No. 662. 568. 1831. Hodgson, W. B., late American Consul at Algiers.—Hadji Ebn- ed-din El-Eghwaati. Notes of a journey into the interior of North Africa. Translated by . . . Forming part of Miscellaneous Translations from Oriental Languages, vol. i. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund. London: 8vo, pp. 29. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 311 sea 1831. Hodgson, W. B., late American Consul at Algiers.—Grammatical sketch and specimens of the Berber language ; preceded by four letters on Berber Etymologies, addressed to the President of the Society by W. B. Hodgson, Esq., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., Philadelphia, vol. iv., New Ser., pp. 48. Reviewed by A. H. Everett in ‘ North American Review,’ vol. xxxv. p. 54. >570. 1831. Brooke, Sir Arthur de Capel.—Sketches in Spain and Morocco, 2 vol., 8vo. Yol. i. pp. 432; vol. ii. pp. 392 + Index; pp. 11. Plates (in vol. i.) of a Moorish Female in her Hayk, Tetuan and Tangier; (in vol. ii.) Cape 'Trafalgar and the Coast of Europe from the Barbary shores, El Uted, Laraiclie, .and distant view of part of the range of the Lower Atlas. The author, who died in 1859, was never further than Tangier, Tetuan Laraiche, and the monolith at El Uted (or Mzorah), which he was the first to describe. But his work is still worthy of reference for a picture of the places visited in 1829-30. He describes, for instance, Sweden as still paying tribute to the Moorish corsairs, and how “Moorish brigs of war” sailed eastward “ in hopes of pouncing upon some unfortunate Bremen or Hamburgh merchant¬ men,” though at that time piracy and Christian slavery had been abolished by treaty. 571. 1831. Khalifeh, Mustaffa Ben Abdallah Hagi [also called Katbi Chelebi],—Tohfat al Akbar fi Asfar al Bahar. The history of the maritime wars of the Turks, translated from the Turkish of .... by James Mitchell. London : 4to, pp. 80. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund. This Turkish author, who died in 1657, has a good deal to say indirectly on Morocco, the capture of Tlemsen (pp. 35, 36, 37), the operations of Kheir-ed- din, &c. The title of the work is ^ 'sJl*?, ‘A Gift to the Great concerning Naval Expeditions.’ 572. 1831. Quatremhre.—Notice d’un Manuscrit Arabe contenant la descrip¬ tion de l’Afrique [‘ Man. de la Bib. du Roi,’ No. 580]. Notices et extraits des MSS. de la Bib. du Roi et autres Bib. Paris: 4to, t. xii. pp. 437. This work is entitled J J uhP' ‘ His - tory of the time, the routes and the empires,’ but in a handwriting posterior to that of the work itself. M. Quatremere believes this to be the work of Abu Obeid el-Bekri. The most interesting part is the description of Africa from the frontiers of Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean. He gives routes from various points to Fez, a description of that city, of Sejalmissa, and of the district of Sus. 573. 1832. Gr&berg, Jacopo di Hemso.—Specchio geografico, e statistico dell’ imperio di Marocco. Genova : 8vo, pp. 363, with map and plates. 2nd ed. 1834. The introduction refers to 90 different authors on Morocco; but, like many “facts” in his book, they are not always correctly stated. The volume has indeed always enjoyed an undeserved reputation, and is almost worthy of the contempt M. Tissot (Nos. 1213,1251) bestows upon it. The author knew little of the country beyond Tangier, and actually copies Leo Africanus’ description of places in the interior (without acknowledgment), unaware that all of them had changed in three centuries, and that several of them no longer exist. The lists of the Sultans, &c. are, however, valuable, and there is much information not to be found elsewhere. The work has an indifferent map and some badly executed, though not un¬ truthful, illustrations, a detailed index, and copious notes. VOL. III. 7 . 312 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 574. 1833. Gr&berg, Jacopo di Hemso.—Das Sultanat Mogh'rib-ul Aksa oder Kaiserreich Marokko. In Bezng auf Landes-, Volks- und Staats-Kunde beschrieben. Aus der italiiinischer Handscbrift iibersetzt von Alfred Reumont. Stuttgart und Tubingen : 8vo, pp. 196. 575. 1834. Sedillot, J. J. — Traite des instruments astronomiques des Arabes, compose au treizieme siecle par Aboul Hassan Ali de Maroc, intitule (Collection des commencements et des fins). Traduit de l’Arabe sur le MS. 1147 de la Bib. Royale, par .... Baris : 4to, pp. 630, with 38 plates. This contains nothing specially about Morocco, but it shows the advanced state of Astronomical Science in that country in the 13th century, when the work was written. See also No. 743. 576. 1834. Leplay, F., Ingenieur des Mines.—Observations sur l’histoire na- turelle et sur la rickesse minerale de l’Espagne. Paris : 8vo. This contains a view of the African coast taken from the opposite heights of Tarifa, and details regarding the geology of both coasts of the Straits. (Renou.) 577. 1834. Murray, Hugh.—Encyclopsedia of Geography, comprising a Com¬ plete Description of the Earth, Physical, Statistical, Civil and Political: exhibit¬ ing its Relation to the Heavenly Bodies, its physical Structure, the Natural History of each country, and the Industry, Commerce, Political Institutions, and Civil and Social State of all Nations. Edinburgh : 2 vol. 8vo. Contains a fair digest of all that was then known about Morocco. 578. 1834. Plufgel, von.—Tagebuch der Reise der K.K. Gesandschaft in das Hoflages des Sultans von Morokko 1830. ‘ Jalirbuch der Literatur,’ 1834, iii., iv.; 1835, i., iii. Narrative of the first Mission sent by Austria to Morocco. 579. 1835. Gr&berg, Jacopo di Hemso. — Prospetto del Commercio di Marroco. Firenze, 8vo. 580. 1835. Lord, Perceval Barton.—Algiers, with notices of the neighbour¬ ing States. London: 2 vol. 8vo, pp. xii. + 320; viii. + 308, with map and engraving of Algiers. Avowedly a compilation from specified authorities, though very well executed. There are many ethnographical notes on Morocco, and in vol. ii. p. 142 a note is quoted from Dr. Naudi of Malta, dated Oct. 16th, 1816, in which it is mentioned that Tedoest (Tednest), in the Province of Haha in Morocco, was destroyed about the beginning of the last century and rebuilt by the Jews, who at that date were its sole inhabitants; a statement which may be doubted. 581. 1835. Webb, Philippe Barker.—Sur le genus Hemicrambe. Annales de Sc. Flat., ser. 3, vol. xvi. p. 246, tab. 19. Walker’s * Annal.’ vol. iv. p. 215. This famous botanist, whose reputation is most intimately connected with the flora of the Canaries, Spain and Egypt, was in Morocco only two months (4th April to 15th June, 1827). But during that time he discovered the cruci¬ ferous genus Hemicrambe (H. fructiculosa, Webb), on Jebel Beni Hosmar, not far from Tetuan, the only locality in which it is known to exist, Mr. Ball found it in the same place in April 1871. See Gay, ‘Bull, de la Soc. bot. de France,’ vol. iii. pp. 37-52, and Parlatore, ‘Elogio di Filippo Webb,’ Florence, 4to, 1856. His collections are in Florence. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 313 582. 1835. Lopez, Espila.—El renegado por fuezza. Madrid. Citalo D. S. Estebanez Calderon en su Manual del Oficial en Marruecos. (Duro.) 583. 1835-8. Koscoe, Thomas.—Spanish and Moorish Scenery .... upwards of 80 fine plates from paintings by David Roberts. London : 4 vols., 8vo. The fourth volume is on Arragon, Valencia and Morocco. A German edition appeared : ‘ Ansichten von Spanien, Aragonien, Valencia u. Marocco.’ 4 Bde. Mit 84 Stahlst. nach Roberts u. 30 Holzschn. von Bransten u. Wright. London u. Berlin : 8vo, 1835-1838. 584. 1836. Avezac, A. P. D’.—Etudes de Geographie critique sur une partie de l’Afrique septentrionale, itineraires de Hhaggy Ebn-el-Dyn El Aghouaty, avec des annotations et remarques gdographiques, notice sur la construction d’une carte de cette region et un appendice sur l’emploi de quelques nouveaux documens pour la Rectification du trace geodesique des memes contrees. Paris: 8vo, pp. 188, with map. This first appeared as ‘ Relation d’un voyage dans l’interieur d’Afrique septent.’ in the ‘ Bull, de la Soc. de Geog.,’ 2 e serie, t. i. pp. 277 (1835) et seq. The chief itineraries given and commented on are those of Haji ibn-ed- din el-Aghuati, from El-Aghuat to Derneh (pp. 1-140). Sir Grenville Temple’s ‘Excursions’ are also analysed: and the works of Dureau de la Malle and the MSS. of M. de la Porte annotated. But the papers touch only in¬ directly on Morocco. There is, however, a new map of the entire Barbary States. M. d’Avezac collected many manuscript itineraries, and constructed a special map for the illustration of Ibn-ed-Din-el-Aghuati’s journey, which were never published. They are now in Dr. Robert Brown’s collection of documents illustrative of the history and geography of Barbary. 585. 1836. Ablett, W., Lieut. R.N.—Survey of the Canary Islands, and of part of the Western Coast of Africa. Joum. Roy. Geog. Soc. London, vol. vi. p. 285, with a chart of the coasts on the scale 1-300,000. Three large charts were subsequently published by the Admiralty. A French translation of the above article, which has little on Morocco, was published in the ‘Bull. Soc. Geogr.,’ Paris, January 1837. 586. 1836. Gr&berg, Jacopo di Hemso.—Remarks on the language of the Amazirglis, commonly called Berebbers, with observations and notes of the Rev. G. C. Renouard. London: 8vo. 587. 1836. Guillon, Marie Nich. Sylv., fiveque du Maroc.—Lettre pastor¬ ale aux pretres et fideles catholiques repandus dans le royaume de Maroc. 8vo. 588. 1836. Treaty of Peace and friendship between the U. S. America and Morocco, signed at Mequenez, 16th September, by James R. Leir. Martens, Rec. de Tr., t. iv. p. 443; also Martens, Nouv. Rec. Gen. de Tr., t. xiii. p. 685. 589. 1836. Jaubert, Amedee-Geographie d’Edrisi, traduite de l’Arabe en franjais, d’apres deux MSS. de la Bibliotheque du Roi, et nccompagnee de notes. T. i. 1836; t. ii. 1840. Rec. de Voy. et de Mem. de la Soc. de Geogr. de Paris, t. v. and vi. See also Nos. 95-153. IIP. Climat, l re Section, includes Sous, El Acsa, Pays des Berbers, Noun, Sedjelmasa, Dara’, Aglimat, Maroc, Fez, Meknez, Sala, Tlemsan, &c. 590. 1836. Quatremdre.—Memoires historiques- sur la dynastie des Khalifes Fatimites. Vie du Kalife Fatimite Moez li-din-Allah. Paris: Journ. Soc. Asiat., 3 e ser., t. ii., pp. 96 et seq. z 2 314 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 591. 1836. Gervais, P.—Enumeration de quelques especes de Reptiles prove- nant de Barbarie. Ann. Sc. Nat. (2), vi. pp. 308-313. [A few also from Morocco.] 592. 1836. Particulars of the Claims of Messrs. M. L. Bensusan & Co. on the Government of Morocco for Compensation for the loss of the merchant- schooner and cargo of the Ann Lucy , plundered near Mazagan on the Atlantic Coast of the dominions of the Emperor of Morocco in the year 1823, together with copies of the official correspondence relating thereto, both with the Sultan of Morocco, Ilis Britannic Majesty’s Consul-General at Tangier and the Colonial Department in London. London : 8vo, pp. 23. A copy of this pamphlet exists in the Public Record Office: F. 0. Rapers, vol. No. 3, Jan. to Dec. 1836. 593. 1836-45. Didier, Charles.—Le Maroc. Revue des deux Mondes, 1 Aout, 1 Novembre et 15 Decembre 1836, 1 Fevrier 1838, 1 Aout et 1 Septembre 1845. See also No. 669. They relate entirely to Tangier, Tetuan and Ceuta. 594. 1836. Stuewe, Friedrich.—Die Handelsziige der Araber unter den Abassiden durch Afrika, Asien, und Osteuropa. Berlin : 8vo. 595. 1837. Graberg, Jacopo di Hemso.—Vocabulary of names of places, &c., in Moghrib el Acsa, in the Empire of Morocco. Journ. Roy. Geogr. Soc., London, vol. vii. pp. 243. A paper of very little value—mere guess-work by a man who had never travelled in the interior of the country, and indeed was unfamiliar with any place except Tangier, where he was Swedish and Sardinian Consul. 596. 1837. Romero, Eugenio Maria.—El Martirio de la joven Hachuel, 61 la Heroina hebrea. Gibraltar : 8vo. This is an account of the decapitation at Fez of a Jewish girl (Sol Hachuel) for supposed apostasy from Mohammedanism, which she had em¬ braced. It is referred to in the ‘Times of Morocco,’ No. 46, Sept. 25th, 1888, and an account is also to be found in the ‘Archives Israelites,’ Nos. 22 to 24, vol. xli. (1880). See also No. 741. 597. 1837. Marcel, J. J.—-Vocabulaire Franfais-Arabe des dialectes vulgaires Africains : d’Alger, de Tunis, de Marok, et Egypte. Paris: 8vo, pp. xxi.+ 576. Marcel has incorporated into this work, without acknowledgment, the voca¬ bulary of Dornbay, No. 48. Helot also, in his ‘ Diet, de poche franfais-arabe et arabe-francais,’ borrowed freely from the same source, equally without mentioning the fact. , 598. 1837. Aboull Feda, Ismael.—Geograjdne d’Aboulfeda, texte Arahe, par Reinaud et MacGuckin de Slane. Paris : 1° livr., 4to. 599. 1837. Avezac, A. P. D’.—Esquisse generale de l’Afrique, aspect et con¬ stitution physique, liistoire naturelle, ethnologic, linguistique, etat social histoire, exploration et' geographic. Paris 18mo, pp. 144. Another edition in 1844. 600. 1837. Tayloi’, J., Baron.—Voyage pittoresque en Espagne, en Portugal et sur la cote d’Afrique de Tanger a Tetouan. Paris : 4to, 2 vols., with 110 plates. In 22 livraisons of various “formats.” Begun in 1815. The engravings are_ by Barber, Bryne, Cooke, Finden, Goodal, Greathatch, Holies, Lekeux, A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO, 315 Lewis, Pye, Eedaway, Skelton, Smith, Wallis, and others. Thus, though in French, it is almost an English work, Taylor being, like most of his engravers, of English birth. 601. 1837. Berard, Aug.— Description nautique des cotes de l’Algerie. Paris : 8vo, 15 plates. A second edition in 1839. This contains views of Cap del Agua and the Zafarine Islands. 602. 1837. Spain and] Barbary.— L etters to a younger sister during a visit to Gibraltar, Cadiz, Seville, Tangier, etc. London : 8vo. 603. 1838-49. Bossi, Giacomo.—I Negri della N’negrizia occidentale e della intemo e i Mori e Arabi errante del Saara e del deserto di Libia. Torino: 3 vols., 8vo. Yol. i., pp. viii. 719; vol. ii., pp. cvi. 703, with 2 large folding maps; vol. iii., pp. 759, with folding map. May he usefully referred to for an account of the traders, &c., from beyond the Atlas, who travel to the Sudan. 604. 1838. Cannon, Richard, Adjutant-General’s Office, Horse Guards.— Historical Record of the Second or Queen’s Royal Regiment of Foot. Containing an account of the formation of the Regiment in the year 3 661, and of its sub¬ sequent services to 1837. London: 8vo, pp. 95, with illustrations. A second edition (pp. 12 and 152), bringing the records up to date, was published in 1839. A third was issued in 1840. This—the second Tangier regiment—was raised in the purpose of pro¬ viding a garrison for Tangier, and the first command was conferred upon Henry, second Earl of Peterborough. It was subsequently constituted the Royal Regiment of Dragoons, and remained at Tangier till 1684. This volume contains a short account of the British occupation Tangier. 605. 1838. Walckenaer, Baron Ch. Ath., Membre de l'lnstitut.—Rapports sur les reclierches geographiques, historiques, archeologiques, a entreprendre dans l’Afrique septentrionale. Paris : 4to, pp. 83. 606. 1838. Augustin, Freiherrn Ferdinand von. — Erinnerungen aus Marokko, gesammelt auf einer Reise im Jahre 1830. Wien: 8vo, with 20 illustrations. 607. 1838. Hase. —Recherches archeologiques en Algerie. [Partly on Morocco.] Comptes-rendus de l’academie des Inscriptions. 608. 1838. The French in Africa. London : 8vo. 609. 1839. Davidson, John. —Notes taken during Travels in Africa. London : 4to, pp. 218, with a view of Wad Nun, the River Draa. A posthumous work, printed for private circulation only. Narrative of a journey to Morocco, Sus, and the Wad Nun in 1835-36. He was killed near Igidi, “ in the district of Haneda, four days’ journey from Tatta,” on his way to Timbuktu. In the appendix inter alia there is (p. 208) the history of Abu Bekr es siddek extracted from the Journ. Roy. Geog. Soc., vol. vi. pp. 100-110. Vide also letter from Mr. Davidson in Journ. Roy. Geog. Soc., vol. vi. p. 429, and Notices of him, Ibid., vol. vii. p. 144. 610. 1839. Vinchon, Baron de.— Histoire de l’Algerie et des autres etats barbaresques depuis le temps le plus ancien jusqu’ii ce jour, etc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 245, with 3 folding plates. Chapter ix., part i., is on the “ Royaume de Maroc”(pp. 155-160). 31G A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 611. 1839. G-uilbert, Aristide. — De la Colonisation du Xord de l’Afrique. Necessite d’une association nationale pour l’exploitation agricole et industrielle de l’Algerie. Paris : 8vo, pp. 556. Second edition in 1841. At pp. 497 to 551 is a “ Liste bibliographique des auteurs qui ont ecrit sur l’Afrique septentrionale depuis la conquete de cette contree par les Arabes.” 612. 1839. Moller, Dr. J. H.— Liber climatum, auctore Scheicho abu Isliako el Faresi, vulgo El Istackri, ad similitudinem codicis accuratissime delineandum et lapidibus exprimendum curavit J. IP. M. Gotha: 4to. 613. 1839. Solvet, Ch. — Description des pays du Magreb, texte Arabe d’Abou’lfeda, accompagne d’une traduction francaise et de notes. Alger: 8vo, pp. 190. See also Nos. 25, 428, 623, 720. This contains extracts from the Geography of Abu’lfeda relative to the North Coast of Africa: Among other places in Morocco described are Asfi (Saffi), Sala, Sus- el-Aksa and the town of Tarudant, Kasr-Abd-el-Kerim, “ four stations from Sebtah (Ceuta) and north-east of Micnasah (Mekenes), aud Micnasah is to the north of Fas (Fez),” Thandjah (Tangier), Sebtah (Ceuta), “from which when the air is clear can be seen El-Djezirat-el-Khodra (Algesiras), a town of Andalus” (Spain), Fas (Fez), Marekish (city of Morocco), Dar’ah (Draa), Tadila (“ between Marekish and the dependencies of Fas in the Gharb- el-Aksa”), and Sedjelmasah (Sejelmessa). 614. 1839. Conti, Ramon de.—Proyecto de mejoras aplicables a los presidios de Africa, para que aquellas plazas puedan sostenerse en adelante con sus propios recursos, y produzcan a la nacion una renta anual, con otras ventajas positivas. MS., fol., pp. 26. En le Dep. de Ingenieros. (Duro.) 615. 1839. Embajada del Rey de Portugal al Sultan de Marruecos. Relacion publicada en 1 0 Panorama, jornal litterario.’ Lisboa. (Duro.) This was under the Marquis de Cavalho, who went over the same route as that followed by Liedekerke in 1773. 616. 1840. Ibn-Batuta.—Yiagens extensas e dilatadas do celebro Arabe Abu- Abdallah, mais conhecido pelo nome de Ben-Batuta, traduzidas por Jose de Santo Antonio Moura. Lisboa: 4to, pp. vii. 533 [with 3 pp. of errata]. Father Moura died before the second volume was ready, and the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon confided the completion of the work to Father Castro. Only one volume was ever printed, ending with the arrival of Ibn Batuta in the Punjaub, and the customary pious peroration to Allah and the Prophet and all his companion train. The translation is from a MS. obtained by Padre Moura in Fez, some time during 1797 or 1798. It is a faithful translation, but spoilt by the numerous omissions which the translator thought fit to make under the idea that they would be “ no advantage to history.” Among these are the names of the Cadis aud learned men then living in Alexandria, Ibn Batuta’s account of the Emirs of Cairo, and so forth. See also Baron de Slane, ‘ Journal Asiatique,’ March 1843, pp. 181-246 ; Fresnel, Ibid., Jan. 1849, pp. 61-63 ; Dulaurier, Ibid., Feb. and March 1847 (also separately : Paris, 1847, 8vo, pp. 86), who has given a French translation of the chapter on the Indian Arcliipelego. Nos. 28, 525, 556, 742, 752. 617. 1840. Gayangos, Pascuel de.—'The History of the Mohammedan Dynas¬ ties in Spain; extracted from the Nafthu-t-tib Min Ghosni-l-Andalusi-R-Rattib A bibliography; of morocco. 317 Wa Tarikh Lisanu-d-dln Ibni-l-Khattib by Ahmed ibn Mohammed A1 Makkari, a native of Tlemsan. Translated from the copies in the Library of the British Museum, and illustrated with critical notes on the history, geography, and anti¬ quities of Spain, by Pascuel de Gayangos, late Professor of Arabic in the Athenaeum of Madrid. London (Oriental Trans. Fund): 2 vols., 4to. Yol. i., pp. xxxix. + 548 + xcv.; vol. ii., pp. vii. + 543 + clxxii., including an exhaus¬ tive index. This monumental work, though specially on the history of Moorish Spain, is indispensable to the study of the history of Moorish Africa. 618. 1840. Nicholson, John. —An account of the establishment of the Fatemite dynasty in Africa, being annals of that province from the year 290 of the Hegira to the year 300, extracted from an ancient Arabic manuscript ascribed to El-Mashudi. Tubingen: 8vo. 619. 1840. Mas Latrie, le Comte L. de. —Principaux traites de paix et de commerce de la France avec les Etats barbaresques. (Extracted from the * Tableau de la situation de l’Algerie en 1840.’) Paris: fob 620. 1840. Berthelot, Sabin, de Marseille, Sec. Gen. de la Soc. de Geogr.—De la Peche sur la Cote occidentale d’Afrique et des etablissements les plus utiles au progres de cette industrie. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices de MM. les Ministres de la Marine et du Commerce. Paris : 8vo, pp. 302. Chaps, iii. and iv. are especially devoted to the W. African fisheries, and their superiority to those of Newfoundland. 621. 1840. Avezac, A. P. D’.— Analyse geographique d’un voyage au lac Pamiefoil et au pays de Y61of en 1839 (avec une carte).—Note sur quelques itineraires de l’Afrique septentrionale.—Note sur les documents recueillis jusqu’a ce jour pour l’etude de la langue berbere et sur divers manuscrits anciens en cette langue qu’il importe de rechercher. Bull, de la Soc. Geogr., Paris, Oct. The author quotes thirty-three works on the Berber language relating to Morocco: Host, Chenier, Jackson, Gr&berg, Washington, &c. This list is reproduced in Hodgson, No. 569, pp. 35-38. Also separately: Paris, 8vo, 1840. 622. 1840. - Note sur quelques itineraires de l’Afrique septentrionale par M. d’Avezac. Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, October. See No. 621, which is a reprint of this. 623. 1840. Beinaud and Baron MacGuckin de Slane. —Geographic d Aboul- feda Texte Arabe, publie d'apres les MSS. de Paris et de Leyde, aux frais de la Societe Asiatique. Paris: 4to, pp. xlvii. and 537. See also Nos. 25, 428, 613, 720. 624. 1840. Didier, Charles.— Thecla. Bruxelles: Societe Beige de Librarie. A tale, the scene of which is laid at Tetuan at the time when that town was the residence of foreign representatives—consuls in those days. 625. 1840. Bey, A. —Le Maroc et la Question d’Alger. Revue des deux Mondes, 1 Decembre. 626. 1841. Pepys, Samuel. —The Life, Journals, and Correspondence of Samuel Pepys, Esq., F.R.S., Secretary to the Admiralty in the Reigns of Charles II. and James II., including a Narrative of his Voyage to Tangier, deciphered from the Short-hand MSS. in the Bodleian Library, by the Rev. John Smith, A.M., A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 318 Decipherer of ‘Pepys’ Memoirs.’ Now first published from the originals. [With portrait of Pepys.] 2 vols. London : Svo, pp. 156 ; 367. Pepys went to Tangier as Secretary of the Tangier Committee to superintend the evacuation of that city. 627. 1841. Thomassy, Raymond.—Demande en manage par Muley Ismail,. Empereur de Maroc, de la Princesse de CoDti, fille naturelle de Louis XIV. et de- Mademoiselle de la Valliere en 1700. France Maritime, vol. iv., p. 173. See- also No. 312. 628. 1841. Ministbre de la Guerre.—Tableau'de la Situation des Etablisse- ments Franpais dans l’Algerie en 1840. Paris : 4to, pp. 452. In addition to much valuable information regarding Algeria before and after the conquest, this volume contains a series of appendices of exceptional interest. The first three relate exclusively to Algeria. No. iv. is a “ Precis analytique de l’histoire ancienne de l’Afrique Septentrionale ” during the following periods:. Carthaginian, Roman, Vandal, Byzantine; including an account of the intro¬ duction of Greek civilization into the Cyrenaica. No. v. “ Division territoriale etablie en Afrique par les Remains.” No. vi. “ Principaux traites de paix et de commerce conclus par la France avec les Regences Barbaresques.” No. vik “ Bibliographic Algbrienne.” 629. 1841. Rotalier, Claude de.—Histoire d’Alger et de la piraterie des Turcs dans la Mediterranee a dater du xvi e siecle. Paris : 2 vol., Svo. This work is well written. It terminates with the capture of Algiers, but. it contains only stray allusions to Moroccan piracy. 630. 1841. Gr&berg, Jacques, di Hemso.—Observations authentiques sur la peste du Levant, et sur la vertu specifique de l’huile de l’olive contre cette effrayante maladie. Redigees pour la Seconde Reunion scientifique italienne, Turin, 1840. Florence: 8vo. He gives the result of cases observed at Tangier, and an historical precis of the appearance, progress and extinction of the disease. This is largely a rechauffe of No. 529. 631. 1841. Slane, le Baron MacGuckin de.—Histoire de la province d’Afrique et du Maghrib, traduite de l’Arabe d’En-Noweiri. Journ. Asiat. 3 sehv tome xi., p. 97 et seq. See Nos. 27, 738. This commences with the invasion of N. Africa by the Mohammedans in a.d. 647-8. 632. 1841. Ebn-Khaldun. — Histoire de l’Afrique sous la Dynastie des Aghlabites et de la Sicile, etc., accompagne d’une traduction franpaise et de notes par Jas. Noel des Vergers, Arabe et Francais. Paris : Svo, pp. xxxix., 80, and 201. Ebn Khaldun,—a patronymic derived from an ancestor, Khaldun Ebn Othman,— was named Abu Zeid Abdurrahnan. He was a native and magistrate of Tunis. See Nos. 29, 738, 789, 999. 633. 1841-56. Movers, F. C., Dr.—Die Phonizier, Religion, Politik, Gescbichte und Staatsverfassung, Gescbichte der Colonien, Handel und Schifffahrt. 3 vols. (unfinished). Bonn and Berlin : Svo. It gives a good account of the Phoenician settlements on the coast. It is supplemented by the same writer’s article “ Phoenizien ” in Ersch and Gruber’s Encyclopedia (1848). 634. 1841. Azurara, Gomez Eanes de.—Chronica do descobrimento e con- quista da Guine, escrita pelo chronista Gomez Eannes de Azurara; published, by the Viscount de Santarem. Paris: 4to. No. 34. ' A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 319 This is the reproduction of a MS. of 1453 found by M. Ferdinand Denis in the Bibliotheque Nationals of Paris. It gives the history of Juan Fernandez, who landed on the coast of the Sahara in 1445 and lived seven months with the natives. See No. 389. 635. 1841. Marocco and its facilities for American commercial enterprise-.. Hunt’s Merchants’ Magazine, vol. v. No. 6. 636. 1841-46. Abu’l Feda, Ismael. — Geographic, en. Arabe, publiee d’apres deux MSS. par C. Shier. Edition Autographe. (With all the vowel-points.) Dresde : folio. 637. 1842. Scott, Colonel, K.S.F., K.C.—A Journal of a residence in the Esmailla of Abd-el-Kader, and of travels in Morocco and Algiers. London : 8vo~ pp. 264. The author had been a Carlist officer, and subsequently accepted the post of Chief of the Staff to Abd-el-Kader, whom he is fond of styling “ His Royal Highness.” He is very strongly hostile to the French, whom he advises to retire from Africa, “ there being but little glory to be gained there.” He visited Tetuan, Ujda, Fez and other places in Morocco. Reviewed in‘Modern Review,’ vol. clviii., p. 202. 638. 1842. Wappaus. — Entedeckungen der Portugiesen unter Heinrich dem Seefahren. Gottingen: 8vo. 639. 1842. Thomassy, Raymond.—Des Relations politiques et commerciales avec le Maroc. Paris : 8vo. This originally appeared in the ‘ Nouv. Ann. des Voyages.’ A much better edition appeared in 1845, and a later one in 1859. See No. 683. 640. 1842. Mannert, Konrad.—Geograpliie ancienne des Etats barbaresques. D’apres l’Allemand de Mannert par L. Marcus et Duesberg, avec des additions et des notes par L. Marcus : ouvrage publie sous les auspices et par ordre du Ministere de la Guerre. Paris: 8vo, pp. 803. This work gives a detailed description of North Africa from the confines of Egypt to the Atlantic, according to Greek and Roman authors. Book iii. treats of Mauretania, and of this chaps, vi., vii., and viii. are devoted to Mauretania Tingitana; chap. ix. to the voyage of Hanno, and app. iii. contains- a supplement to the Bibliography of Algeria published in the ‘Tableau des Etab. Franc, en 1840.’ It is a translation of part of No. 536. 641. 1843. Borrow, George.—The Bible in Spain. London: 8vo. Contains the account of a visit to Tangier. 642. 1843. Londonderry, Marchioness of.—A Journal of a three months’ Tour in Portugal, Spain and Africa. 8vo. [London : privately printed.] 643. 1843. Hodgson, Wm. B.—The Foulahs of Central Africa and the African Slave Trade. [A communication to the National Institute, Washington.] Savannah, Georgia : 8vo, pp. 24. A few incidental references to the Berbers of Morocco. 644. 1843. Bacon, Dr. D. Francis. — Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa. Savannah : 8vo. [With some ethnographical remarks on the Berbers.], Quoted by Hodgson, No. 656. 645. 1843-45. Nobbe, C. F. A.—Ptolemy, Claudius: Geographic. Edidit C. F. A. Nobbe. Editio stereotypa. Lipsiae: 3 vol., 16mo. 320 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 646. 1843-46. Tornberg, Cav. I.—Annales regum Mauvitaniae a condito Idrisiarum imperio ad annum fugae 726. Upsaliae : 2 vol., 4to. A translation, with Arabic text, of the Arabic work Rudh el-Kartas by Bin Abd-el-IIalim. Noticed by M. Quatremere in the ‘ Journ. des Sav.’ 1847. See Nos. 26, 465, 554, 871, 1523. 647. 1843-1871. Slane, Bn. MacGuckin de— Ibn Khallikan’s Biographical Dictionary, translated from the Arabic. Paris: 4 vols., 4to, xl. + 688; xvi. + 697; 699; xliv. + 616. Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain. There is a life of Ibn Khallikan in vol. iv. The Arab text w T as published by Wiistenfeld, at Gottingen, in 1835-42 : OIjJj ’ Vitre Illustrium Yirorum, nunc primum Arabice edidit, variis lectionibus indicibusque instruxit F. Wristenfeld, cum additamentis. Fasc. 1-6 and 8-11, with 2 Collect. Additament.: and another in Bulak, 2 vols., 4to, in a.h. 1299. See an article on the work of De Slane in the * Bev. des deux Mondes,’ 15 Sept. 1842. See No. 21. 648. 1843. Caussin de Perceval, A. P.—Grammaire Arabe vulgaire pour les dialectes d’Orient et de Barbarie. Paris (3rd edition) : 8vo, pp. xi. 172 + 8 of Arabic (The Adventure of Hakem). 649. 1843. Marcel, I.—Monnaies diverses ayant cours en Algerie, tant celles de l’ancienne regence que de Tunis, Tripoli, Maroc, etc., avec texte descriptif des formes ; analytique des ecritures, signes et dates de leurs faces et revers; historique de leur origine ; indicatif de leur valeur normale et intrinseque com- paree avec les monnaies de France. Paris : folio, pp. 18, with a view of the place in which the treasure of the Kasbah at Algiers was situated. 650. 1844. Hay, J. H. Drummond, afterwards Sir John H.—Western Barbary ; its wild tribes and savage animals. London : 8vo, pp. 177. The journey which forms the groundwork of this volume was undertaken for the purpose of procuring for Her Majesty a barb of the purest breed from the region round Laraish; amission in which he failed. In the appendix he gives an account of the travels and murder of John Davidson in 1835. It is full of picturesque information on Morocco and its Nomads. 651. - A French translation of the last by Mme. Louise Sw. Belloc, entitled ‘ Le Maroc et ses tribus nomades. Excursion dans Tinterieur, chasses, details de moeurs, superstitions, coutumes, etc.’ Paris: 8vo, pp. xxxii. and 351. 652. - A German translation: ‘ Marokko und seine Nomadenstamme.’ 4 Tbeile. Stutgardt: 1846. 653. 1844-45. Prance, Spain and Morocco. (Two articles.) Monthly Beview (London), vol. 164, p. 583. 654. 1844. Morocco and the Moors. Beview of Drummond Hay’s ‘Western Barbary.’ No. 650. ‘Christian Bemembrancer’ (London), vol. viii., September, pp. 227-238. 655. 1844. Robertson, Rev. William.-—A Besidence at Gibraltar and a visit to the Peninsula in the summer and autumn of 1841. Edinburgh and London: 8vo [no date on title-page], pp. 401. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 321 Chapters x. and xi., pp. 222—265, describe Tetuan and Tangier. The Author, who was minister of New Grey friars, Edinburgh, visited Gibraltar at the instance of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland. 656. 1844. Hodgson, William B., late Consul U.S.A. at Tunis.—Notes on Northern Africa, the Sahara and Soudan, in relation to the ethnography, lan¬ guages, history, political and social condition of the natives of those countries. New York : 8vo, pp. 112. This contains vocabularies of several dialects of the Berber language. He seems to have supplied Professor Newmau with notes. See No. 657. 657. 1844. Newman, F. W. —On the Structure of the Berber Language, in Pritchard’s Researches on the Physical History of Mankind, vol. iv. See also ‘ Zeitschr. fur Kunde des Morgenlands,’ Bonn, 1845, t. iv. 658. 1844. Strabo. —Strabonis Rerum Geographicarum Libri xvii. Gr. et Lat. Oxonii: 2 vol., folio. An English edition of Strabo was published by H. G. Bohn in 1854-7 translated by H. C. Hamilton and W. Falconer. 3 vol., 12mo. See No. 6. 659. 1844. Brosselard.— Dictionnaire Francais-Berbere: ouvrage compose par l’ordre du Ministre de la Guerre. Paris : 8vo, pp. 656. This principally relates to the dialect spoken in the Kabylia of Bougie, but is valuable to the student of the Berber language in general. 660. 1844. Paradis, Venture de. —Grammaire et Dictionnaire abreges de la langue berbere; revue par P. A. Jaubert. Paris: 4to, p. 236. At the end of the dictionary are some pretended Itineraries in Morocco, collected in 1788 from the papers of Raynal in the Bib. Nat. of Paris. 661. 1844. Lapie, Colonel Pierre. —Recueil des itineraires anciens, comprenant l’ltineraire d’Antonin, le table de Peutinger et un choix des Periples Grecs. Avec dix cartes dresses par .... Publie par M. le M is - de Fortia d’Urban, Membre de l’Institut. Paris : 4to, pp. xix. and 558. A work which, though now superseded by the Researches of Tissot, was of value at the time it was written. 662. 1844. Itineraire de Tanger it Maroc (d’apres le Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie) par M. Washington, officier de la marine royale britannique, un des membres de la Mission Anglaise envoyee a, Maroc en 1829. c Spectateur Militaire,’ vol. xxxvii., p. 691 (avec la carte et le plan de Maroc). No. 567. 663. 1844. Commerce du Maroc. L’Algerie, 12 et 16 aout. 664. 1844. Notice sur Tanger. 1. c., 6 aout. 665. 1844. Galibert, Leon. —Histoire de l’Algerie ancienne et moderne, depuis les premiers etablissements des Carthaginois, etc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 636, a map and many illustrations, some coloured. Nothing about Morocco except in the first chapter, describing the features of the Atlas region, &c. See also No. 818. 666. 1844. Le Maroc. L’lllustration, March—August, pp. 183, 341, 359, 375, 401, 417. Gives an account of the Prince de Joinville’s operations, and the bombard¬ ment of Tangier. 667. 1844. Caraman, Adolphe, Due de, Lieut, au Corps Royal d’Etat Major.—Notes Militaires sur la partie du Maroc parcourue pendant les mois d’avril, mai et juin 1825. ‘ Spectateur Militaire,’ vol. xxxvii. (15th August), 322 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. p. 525, with views of Tangier and New Fez, a map of the empire of Morocco, and a military reconnaissance of the route from Tangier to Fez. 668. 1844. Rey.—Souvenirs d’un Voyage au Maroc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 170. (Printed in Algiers.) The author resided many years in Tangier, and made a voyage along the coast in a French hrig. The narrative contains numerous anecdotes of renegades, and “ His account of the country,” Mr. James Richardson (No. 872) writes, “discovers talent and intelligence, hut is, of course, coloured with a strong anti-English feeling. Mr. [afterwards Sir John D.] Hay wrote on the hack of his Memoire, ‘ All that is said in reference to Great Britain is false and malicious.’ M. Rey’s opinions of the Moors and the present governors are still more hitter and unjust.” (1859.) 669. 1844. Didier, Charles.—Promenade au Maroc. Paris : 8vo, pp. 362. The author visited Tangier and Tetuan; his observations do not show much knowledge of the country, and the value of the work is further decreased hy the absence of index and table of contents. It is a reprint of his papers in the ‘ Rev. des deux Mondes ’ (No. 593). The author was born in Geneva in 1805, and died at Paris in 1869. 670. 1844. Durieu, Xavier.—Le .Maroc en 1844. ‘ Rev. des deux Mondes,’ October. See also No. 756. 671. 1844. Paillet, H.—Histoire de l’Empire de Maroc, accompagnee d’une carte du Maroc et de l’Algerie. Paris : 16mo, pp. 108. A mere compilation, of no value. 672. 1844. Tableau de la guerre des Francais dans l’Empire de Maroc, avec lcs details de toutes operations de l’armee de terre et de mer: precede d’une notice historique sur cette partie de la Barbarie, sur les souverains anciens et modernes, sur la religion et les moeurs de ses habitants : orne des gravures representant le bombardment de Tanger, le plan de bataille d’lsly, le choc des cavaliers arabes contre les carres francais et la prise de Mogador. Paris : 16mo, pp. 108. 673. 1844. Convention entre la France et Maroc, pour regler les differends survenus entre ces deux Etats, conclue h Tanger le 10 Sept’ 6 . 1844. No notice of the ratification of this treaty. Martens, Recueil de Traitds, t. v. p. 418. 674. 1844. Carpentier, Napoleon.—Tanger et Mogador. Poeme. Paris: 12mo, avec portrait, pp. 72. 675. 1844. Conailhac, Jean Joseph Louis.—Les jolies filles du Maroc. Piece en 3 actes, melee dc couplets. Paris: 8vo. [A Play.] 676. 1844. Breve Noticia del imperio de Marruecos. Articulo inserto en el Memorial de Artilleria. (Duro.) 677. 1844. Acta de la ejecucion y cumplimiente del Articulo 1° del Convenio con Marruecos de 23 Agosto 1844, sobre limites de Ceuta, fecha 7 de Octubre del mismo ailo. Colec. Janer. (Duro.) 678. 1844. Estdvanez Calderbn, Serafm.—Manual del oficial en Marruecos 6 cuadro geografico-estadistio-historico-politico y Militar de aquel Imperio por . . . Auditor General de Ejercito. Madrid : 4to, pp. 342, with a map of Morocco. 679. 1844. Mordtmann, A. D.—Kurze Beschreibung von Magrib el Aksvn Oder Schilderung der Staaten von Marokko in geographischer, statistischer und politischer Hinsicht. Hamburg : 8vo, with map. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 323 080. 1844. Pelissier, E. — Memoires historiques et geographiques sur l’Al- gerie. Exploration scientifique de l’Algerie, pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842, publiee par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d’une Commission Academique. ‘ Sciences historiques et geographiques,’ Paris, 4to, vol. vi., pp. 440. The expeditions and establishments of the Spaniards in Morocco are described on pp. 10, 11, 99, 112, &c. The expeditions and establishments of the Portu¬ guese in the Empire of Morocco are the themes of pp. 121-171. The affairs of Morocco are discussed on pp. 253-4 ; the English at Tangier on p. 261 ; and the French establishments in Morocco on pp. 285-288. 081. 1845. Mas Latrie, L. le Comte de.—Apercu des relations commerciales de l’ltalie avec l’Afrique septentrionale au moyen-age. Paris : fol., pp. 32. 082. 1845. Neve, Professor at the University of Louvain. — Relation d’uu voyageur chretien sur la ville de Fez et ses ecoles dans la premiere moitie du xvii e siecle. Gand : 8vo, pp. 20. A translation of the letters of Clenardus : see No. 48. 083. 1845. Thomassy, Raymond. — Le Maroc et ses caravans. Relations de la France avec cet empire. Paris: 8vo, pp. 432. A previous edition, much less complete, was published in 1842, and a subse¬ quent one in 1859. The great value of this work is the minute account it gives of French relations with Morocco from the earliest ages until the accession of Mowlai Abd- er-Rahman in 1822. 084. 1845. Duprat, Pierre Pascal.—Essai liistorique sur les races anciennes et modernes de l’Afrique septentrionale, leurs origines, leurs mouvements et leurs transformations depuis l’antiquite la plus reculee jusqu’a nos jours. Paris: 8vo, pp. 308. A valuable work for the time at which it was written. 685. 1845. Mauroy, M.—Du Commerce des peuples de l’Afrique septentrionale dans l’antiquite, le moyen-age et les temps modernes, compare au commerce des Arabes de nos jours. Ouvrage faisant suite a la ‘Question d’Alger en 1844.’ Paris : 8vo, pp. 190. A 4th edition was published in 1852 : ‘ Precis de l’liistoire et du commerce de l’Afrique septentrionale depuis les temps anciens jusqu’aux temps modernes par . . . Precede de deux lettres du Due d’lsly (Marechal Bugeaud) sur la question d’Alger . . . corrige'e et refondue.’ Paris : 8vo, pp. xx. + 451. This contains little information regarding Morocco. 086. 1845. Documents authentiques rediges sur le champ de bataille d’lsly. Enlevement du camp imperial maroccain. Rapports, etc., a M. le Colonel Jusuf et au Colonel Tartas. Marseille : 8vo, pp. 16. 687. 1845. Pelet, General J. J., Pair de France.—Maroc, Alger, Tunis, avec une carte de l’Algerie dressee au Depot de la Guerre. Magdebourg. 888. 1845. Bugeaud, Le Mardchal.—Guerre d’Afrique, campagne de 1844. Bataille d’lsly. ‘ Rev. des deux Mondes,’ 1st March. 089. 1845. Christian P. (pseudonym of Pitois ), ancien Secretaire particulier du Marechal.—Souvenirs du Marechal Bugeaud, de l’Algerie et du Maroc. Paris: 2 vol. 8vo, pp. 349 and 358. The same work was used in 1847, under the new title of ‘ La Nouvelle France : Souvenirs de l’Algerie et du Maroc.’ Chap. xx. vol. ii., “ Bugeaud et les Marocaines,” treats of the events on the French frontier and the bombardment of Tangier; a work ot little value. 324 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. A Dutch translation (abridged) was published in 1848, with the following title: ‘ Herinneringen aan Mijn Krijgsmansleven in Algiers en Marokko.’ (With portrait of Marshal Bugeaud, “ Hertog van Islij.”) Haarlena : 8vo. 690. 1845. Christian, P. (pseudonym of PLtois), ancien Secretaire particulier du Marechal. -— Question d’Afrique, le Maroc et la Politique Anglaise. Paris: 8vo. 691. - L’Afrique francaise: l’empire de Maroc et les deserts de Sahara. Iiistoire rationale des conquetes et nouvellcs decouvertes des Francais depuis la prise d’Alger jusqu’a nos jours. Paris : 8vo, pp. 500, with map and illustrations by Philippoteaux, T. Johannot, E. Bellange-Tsabey, &c. Liv. v., p. 269 : “ Tableau de l’Empire de Maroc.” Liv. viii. contains an account of the operations on the frontier of Morocco and of the naval expedition to Tangier. 692. 1845. Traitd de delimitation entre la France et l’empire de Maroc, conclu et signe en Afrique sur le territoire d’Algerie, le 8 Mars, 1845. Ratification exchanged at Tangier, 6th August. Signed by General de la Rice and Ahmida ben Ali. Martens, Nouv. Rec. de Traites, t. viii. p. 143. 693. 1845. Traitd conclu le 6 e Mai entre l’Espagne et le Maroc. (Gaz. de Mad., 30 Mai, 1845; Martens, Nouv. Rec. de Traites, t. viii. p. 206.) Signed by Antonio de Beramendi, Bulhilam Ben Ali, and J. H. Drummond Hay. 694. 1845. Convenio entre Espaiia y Marruecos, firmado en Laracke a 6 de Mayo de 1845, conteniendo varias aclaraciones al de 25 de Agosto de 1844. Colec. Janer. An extract in Martens, ‘ Rec. de Traites,’ t. v. p. 418. 695. 1845. Lopes da Costa Almeida, Antonio.—Roteiro dos Mares Costas, &c. reconhecidos no globo. Lisbon. (De la Martiniere.) 696. 1845. Augustin, Freiherr von.—Marokko in semen geographischen, historischen, religiosen, politischen, militariscken und gesellschaftlichen Zustanden. Nach eigener Anschauung geschildert. Mit Muley Abd-er-Rhaman’s Bildniss, der Ansicht von Tanger und von Mequinez. Pest: 8vo. 697. 1845. London, Frederike H.—Die Barberei. Eine Darstellung der religiosen und biirgerlichen Sitten und Gebrauche der Bewohner Nord-Afrika’s, Erei und englischen Quellen bearbeitet und auf eigen Beobacktungen gegriindet von .... Frankfurt a. M. und London : 8vo, pp. 230. This little work, published by subscriptions—nearly all from England— is a compilation from various unacknowledged sources. It describes the three Barbary States, but has least of all about Morocco; Tunis receives most attention. 698. 1846-63. Dozy, It. P. A.—Scriptorum Arabum loci de Abbadidis nunc primum editi Arab, et Latino cum notis. Lug. Bat. : 3 vols. 4to. In this work, among other writings, an account is given (vol. ii. p. 182 et seq.) of a manuscript History of Morocco, “ Holal No. 24,” in the Leyden University Library. It also contains an assemblage of selections from unpub¬ lished Arabic writers, and numerous poems from the works of the Spanish Arabs,—“ the children of song,” as Mutanabbi named them. 699. 1846-50. Christian, P.—Histoirc des pirates et corsaires de l’ocean et de la Mediterranee, depuis leur origine jusqu’a nos jours. Paris : 4 vols. 8vo. 700. 1846. Leynadier et Clausel.—Iiistoire de l’Algerie, avec un precis sur le Maroc. Paris : 2 vol. 8vo. (De la Martiniere.) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 325 701. 1846. Rousseau des Roches, J. — Trois souvenirs — Tanger, Isly, Mogador. Paris : 8vo, pp. 24. 702. 1846. Thomassy, Raymond.—La question d’Orient sous Louis XIV. Paris: 16mo, pp. 102. Gives an account of the Embassy from Morocco to Versailles under Ben Ai'ssa in 1698. See Nos. 317, 318. 703. 1846. Reception de PAmbassadeur de Maroc. Eev. de l’Orient, Paris, t. xix., p. 92. An account of the reception of Sid Abd-el-Kader Oshash, Ambassador of the Sultan to France, by King Louis Philippe. 704. 1846. Bled de Braine, J. F.—Cours synthetique, analytique et pratique de la langue arabe, arrange a l’usage des Colleges et des Ecoles, ou les dialectes vulgaires africains d’Alger, de Maroc, de Tunis et de l’Egypte, etc. Paris: 8vo, pap. xxii. 556. 705. 1846. Voyage de l’lmam El-’Aiachi depuis le pays des Ai't-’Alack, dans le Maroc, jusqu’a Tripoli et retour. De la fin de Reb’i-el-Oouel 1073 (fin d’Octobre 1662) au 18 Chaoual 1074 (5 Mai 1663). Translated from a MS. in the Bib. d’Alger, by A. Berbrugger. Rev. Scient. de l’Algerie, t. ix., pp. 1-164. 706. 1846. Renou, Emilien. — Description geographique de l’Empire de Maroc, par .... Membre de la Commission Scientifique de l’Algerie. Suivie d’ltineraires et renseiguements sur le pays de Sous, et autres parties meridionales du Maroc, recueillis par M. Adrien Berbrugger. Paris : 8vo, pp. viii. 480. This painstaking work forms vol. viii. of the ‘Exploration scientifique de l’Algerie pendant les annees 1840, 1841, 1842, publiee par ordre du Gouverne- ment, et avec le concours d’une commission academique-—Sciences, historiques et geograpkiques.’ Pp. 425-428 contain a Bibliography of Morocco, arranged chronologically, of works, views, plans and charts. Of the first, 264 are quoted, not very accurately. Pp. 447, 448 contain seven articles, principally relating to the Spanish Presidios. The number of plans and views quoted is 151. At p. 459 is the French treaty of the 18th March, 1845 [No. 692], contain¬ ing the delimitation between Algeria and Morocco. The portion contributed by M. Berbrugger is from pp. 465 to 473. 707. 1846. Kelaart, E. F., Dr.—Flora Calpensis : Contributions to the Botany and Topography of Gibraltar and its neighbourhood. With plan and views of the Rock. London : 8vo, pp. 220. This volume, as its title intimates, is essentially an account of the plants of Gibraltar; but in addition there are throughout notes on those of the opposite coast of Africa, so far as their range is concerned. 708. 1846. Feliu de la Pena, Francisco. — Leyenda historico-politico- militar-administrativa-religiosa del Pehon de Velez de la Gomera, con noticia de las expediciones espanolas contra la Costa de Africa, y memoria sobre la conservacion 6 abandono de los presidios menores. Valencia : 8vo, pp. 158, with a view of Penon. (Duro.) 709. 1846. Lowenstein, Wilhelm zu, Prinz.—Ausflug von Lissabon nach Andalusien u. in den Norden von Marokko im Frubjakr 1845. Mit einen Ansicht von Sevilla. Dresden, Leipzig : 8vo, pp. 274. Of little value—mere tourists’ impressions. 710. 1846. Richard, M.—Etudes sur l’insurrection du Dahra. Algiers: 8vo. 3*2 G A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 711. 1847. Alby, Ernest.—Ilistoire des Prisonniers francais en Afrique depuis la Conquete. Paris : 2 vol. 8vo, pp. viii. 332 and 384. This professes to give a true account of the captivity of sundry Algerian colonists and soldiers with Abd-el-Kader and in Morocco; particularly of the family Lanternier, of which a daughter married the eldest son of the Sultan. It also narrates the disastrous affair of Sidi Brahim and the massacre of 255 French prisoners within the frontier of Morocco. 712. 1847. Dozy, Dr. It. P. A.—The History of the Almohades, preceded by a sketch of the History of Spain from the times of the Conquest till the reign of Yusof ibn-Tashfin, and the History of the Almoravides, by Abdo-’l-Wahid Al- Marrdkoshi, now first edited from a MS. in the Library of Leyden, the only one extant in Europe. Leyden : printed for the London Society for the Publication ■of Oriental Texts. 8vo, pp. xxii.+ r 1 . 2nd ed. 1881. This work is entitled : The author made several journeys from Merakish to Fez and vice versa, and he visited Sus, Sijalmissa, and other provinces of the empire of the Almohades. See No. 19. A fragment of this work was published by Pink at Leipzig in 1802. A French translation by E. Fanan, published in the Eev. Afr. t. xxx. = v. for 1891, p. 267 et sej.—badly done, No. 2057. 713. 1847. Sacy, A. I. de,—Catalogue des livres composant la Bibliotheque de M. le baron Silvestre de Sacy. Livres et manuscrits arabes. Paris: 3 forts vol. 8vo. It contains notices of many books and manuscripts relating to Morocco. 714. 1848. Hay, Sir John Drummond. — Journal of an Embassy to the Court of Morocco in 1846. Cambridge (privately printed) : 8vo, pp. 108. 715. 1848. Account of the Slavery of Friends in the Barbary States towards the close of the seventeenth century, with some particulars of the exertion of their brethren at home for their redemption. London : 8vo, pp. 24. Numerous accounts are given of captives in various parts of Morocco between 1685 and 1702. 716. 1848. Newman, F. W.—The Narrative of Sidi Ibrahim ben Muhammed el Messi el Susi in the Berber Language, with interlineary version and illustra¬ tive notes. Journ. Boy. As. Soc. vol. xix. pp. 215-266. A short account of this narrative was given in vol. iv. p. 115, and was followed by an English translation by Mr. Hodgson from an Arabic version. 717. 1848. Montgravier, Azdma de. Chef d’escadron d’Artillerie.—Memoire sur l’occupation de la Mauretanie par les Bomains. Paris: 8vo. This work received the first gold medal at the competition of the Academie des Inscriptions in 1848. Partly on Morocco. 718. 1848. Hoefer, Di\ Ferd.—Afrique Australe, Afrique Orientale, Afrique Centrale, Empire du Maroc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 497, with a map of Africa and 18 illustrations, of which the first six refer to Morocco. The portion of the text devoted to this country is from p. 257 to p. 391. The volume forms one of the series styled * L’Univers : Ilistoire et description de tous les peuples.’ A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 327 719. 1848-1851. Dozy, Dr. R. P. A.— '~vH istoire de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne intitulee Al-Bayano’l-Mogrib par Ibn-Adbari (de Maroc), et Fragments de la Chronique d’Arib (de Cordoue): le tout publie pour la premiere fois, precede d’une introduction et accompagnee de notes et d’un glossaire. Leyde: 2 vol. 8vo, pp. 119 + rrA : 48 + rrf. See also Dozy’s ‘ Corrections sur les textes du Bayano’l-Mogrib d’Ibn-Adbari (de Maroc), des fragments de la chronique d’Arib (de Cordoue) et du Hollato’s Siyara d’Ibn 61 1 Abbar.’ Leyde : 1883. 8vo. See No. 30. The Chronicle of Arib was written at Cordova in the 10th cent.; that of Adhari at Morocco in the 13th : both treat of the history of North Africa and Spain. 720. 1848. Reinaud, Membre de l’Institut de France.—Geographie d’Aboul- feda, traduite de l’Arabe en francais et accompagnee de notes et d’eclaircissements. Paris: 4to, 2 vol. Yol. i. pp. cdlxiv. Introduction generale a la Geographie des Orientaux; avec trois planches. Yol. ii. part 1, pp. vi. 327 contains the first half of the translation of the text. The second part, published in 1883 with the collaboration of M. Stanislas Guyard, pp. viii. 320, contains the remainder, and a general index. In vol. i. there is a notice of Abou’l Feda and of the Arab authors anterior to him. In vol. ii. chap. iii. is devoted to the Maghreb. See also Nos. 25, 428, 613, 623. Of this work, only the first volume (Introduction generale a la geographie des Orientaux) is by Reinaud, who died soon after its publication. In ‘Busching’s Magazin,’ vol. iv. and v. (1770 and 1771), Reiske had already given some Latin Translations prepared as early as 1746. 721. 1848. Charri&re, E.—-Negotiations de la France dans le Levant, ou correspondances, memoires et actes diplomatiques des ambassadeurs de France a Constantinople et des ambassadeurs envoyes ou residents a divers titres a Yenise, Raguse, Rome, Malte et Jerusalem, en Turquie, Perse, Georgie, Crimee, Syrie, Egypte, etc., et dans les Gtats de Tunis, d’Alger et de Maroc. Paris : 3 vol. 4to. 722. 1848. Antoninus, Augustus.—Itinerarium Antonini Augusti. Ed. G. Parthey et M. Pinder. Berolini: 8vo. See Nos. 11, 71. 723. 1849. Barth, Heinrich, Dr.—Wanderungen durch die Kiistenlander des Mittelmeeres, ausgefiihrt in den Jahren 1845, 1846, und 1847. (With a map.) Berlin : 2 vol. 8vo. Yol. i., pp. 1-45, treats of Morocco. 724. 1849. Descamp, Alex.—Le Maroc en face de l’Europe, a-propos de la derniere rupture survenue entre la Republique francaise et le Gouvernement Marocain. Paris: 8vo. (Pamphlet.) 725. 1850. Urquhart, David.—The Pillars of Hercules : a narrative of travels in SpaiD and Morocco in 1848. London : 2 vol. 8vo, pp. 460+464. Mr. Urquhart, a Member of Parliament once noted for his extreme anti- Russian views, did not go further than Casablanca. But his book contains a great deal of suggestive matter, including some views still very hypothetical and at the time considered absurd, regarding the connection of the Celts with the Berbers. However, now that the Iberian theory recognises the Berbers as most probably the stock of Great Britain, France and Spain, prior to the Celtic invasion, his ideas are worthy of some attention, more especially as]he VOL. III. 2 A 328 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. had no notion of any such relationship. If this was the case, it is scarcely improbable to hold that the Celts have inherited some Berber words and implements, such as the peculiar brooch used in the Highlands of Scotland, and all over Northern Africa among the Berber people. 720. 1850. Power, W. Tyrone.—Recollections of a Three Years’ Residence in China, including peregrinations in Spain, Morocco, &c, London: 8vo. Chapters ii. to iv. inclusive (pp. 12 to 43) touch on Morocco; Tangier and Tetuan particularly. 727. 1850. Mayo, William Starbuck, M.D.— The Berber, or the Moun¬ taineer of the Atlas. A tale of Morocco. London : 8vo, pp. 284. The Author states that his object has been to tell an agreeable story in an agreeable way, and that the historical incidents are well authenticated. The work, which has been several times reprinted, is dedicated to W. B. Hodgson, Esq. 728. 1850. Mazade, Charles de.—La Guerre du Maroc avec l’Espagne. Rev. des deux Mondes, l ior Janvier—15° Septembre. “Article attribue au Prince de Joinville.” (Godard.) 729. 1850. Panet, Leopold.—Relation d’un Voyage du Senegal a Soueira. (Mogador.) Rev. Colon., Nov. and Dec. 1850, with map. Also printed separately: Paris, 1851, 8vo. 730. 1851. Sleigh, Adderly W., Captain (late R.N.).—Preliminary Treatise on the Resources of Ancient Mauritania, or the territory of the Western Zahara, Suz . . . describing its rich productions, healthful climate, fertile soil, valuable mines, commercial advantages, inhabitants—their ancient descent, laws, manners, habits, form of government and independence. With observations on the intro¬ duction of Christianity, the promotion of civilization, and the suppression of Slavery. London : 8vo, 2 parts (the second is separately paged), pp. 87 + 39. The Author of this work describes from personal knowledge the coasts of Sus, where he seems to have been engaged as a naval surveyor. The second part is the prospectus of a company to colonise this country. 731. 1851. Akerman, John Yonge, Secretary of the Society of Antiquaries.— Moneys received and paid for Secret Services of Charles II. and James II. from 30 March, 1679, to 25 December, 1688. Edited from a MS. in the possession of William Selby Lowndes, Esq. London : 4to, pp. x. and 240. Printed for the ^Camden Society. Contains many entries regarding Tangier : the first is for £60, “ To Mary Heathley, whose husband blew up Whitbey Fort at Tangier and lost his life there.” 732. 1851. Viardot, Louis.—Histoire des Arabes et des Mores d’Espagne, traitant de la constitution du People Arabe-Espagnol, dc sa civilisation, de ses mceurs, et de son influence sur la civilisation moderne. Paris: 2 vol., pp. ix. and 420 ; iv. and 458. 733. 1851. Women in Morocco. (A translation from the French.) Hogg’s Instructor, London, pp. 382-4. 734. 1851. Le Cheykh Mohammed Ibn-Omar el Tounsy.—Vovage au Ouaday par . . . .: traduit de l’arabe par le Dr. Perron, Directeur de l’Ecole de Medecine du Kaire, ouvrage accompagne de cartes et de planches et du portrait du Cheykh, publie par le Dr. Perron et M. Jomard. Ouvrage precede d’une Preface de ce dernier, contenant de remarques historiques et geographiques et A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO 329 passant en suite au voyage au Darfour. Paris: 2 vols. 8vo. Yol. i. (text), pp. lxxv. 756. Yol. ii., plates and maps. Contains much indirect information hearing on Morocco. 735. 1851. Marquez de Prado, Jose. —Becuerdos de Africa 6 apuntes para formal - la historia general de las posesiones espanolas del Africa Mediterranea, que comprenden las plazas de Ceuta, Melilla, Peiion de la Gomera e islas Chafarinas. Madrid: 4to. (Duro.) 736. 1851. Kreuger. —Sveriges Forhallanden till Barharesk Statern Africa, etc. Stockholm : 8vo. 737. 1852. Boisner, Edmund, et Reuter, G-. E. —Africa! borealis Hispaniaique australis, auctoribus. Genevas : 1852, 8vo, pp. 134. In this work a number of Morocco and Algerian plants are described. 738. 1852-56. Khaldun, Abu Zeid Abd-er-Rahman Ibn-Mohammed Ibn.— Iiistoire des Berberes et des Dynasties Muslemanes de l’Afrique septen- trionale. Traduction franpaise par le Baron MacGuckin de Slane. Algiers : 4 vols., pp. cvi. + 480 ; 635; 528 ; 612. Nos. 29, 632, 789, 999. The original work is a general history of the Mohammedan world, and is unsurpassed in Arabic literature as a masterpiece of historical composition. At vol. i. p. 301 of De Slane’s work are collected some of the most ancient Arab traditions regarding the first invasion of Africa by the Mohammedans, from a history of the conquest of Egypt by Abd-er-Rahman ibn el-Hakim. Appendix i. vol. i. gives extracts from Ibn Abd-el-Hakim, containing an account of Okba bin-Nafa’s expedition to the Moghreb. App. ii. vol. i. and app. i. vol. ii. contain some chapters from the great work of En-Noweiri. App. ii. vol. ii. is a history of the Fatemides from the Prolegomenes of Ibn Khaldun. App. iii. vol. ii. is a history of the Beni Hamdun, con¬ temporary with the Fatemides. App. iv. vol. ii. is on the rise and fall of the Idricides, all from Ibn Khaldun. App. v. vol. ii. contains extracts from the historical work of Ibn el-Athir, in which is an account of the conquest of Morocco by Abd-el-Momen (1146-47). Yol. iv. is especially dedicated to the history of the Beni Merin, and in the appendix is an article on the language, literature and origin of the Berbers. An Arabic edition of this work was published at Bulak, a.h. 1284 (a.d. 1867), 7 vol. roy. 8vo, entitled ‘ Kitabu’l ibr wa Diwan ul-Mubtida‘ (see No. 999) ; and his Prolegomenes by M. Quatremere, in the original Arabic, appeared in the ‘ Not. et Extraits des MSS. de la Bib. Imp. 1858,’ t. xvi., xvii. 739. 1852. Ibn-Abd’ el-Djelil et-Tenessi. See Barges, No. 1798. 740. 1852. En-Noweiri. — Conquete de l’Afrique Septentrionale par les Musulmans, et Iiistoire de ce Pays sous les Emirs Arabes. Extracts from the great encyclopaedic work of En-Noweiri form appendices to vols. i. and ii. of De Slane’s ‘Ibn Ivhaldoun’ (see No. 738); also ‘Historiae Ommiadarum qui in Hispania regnarunt,’ MS. Bib. Nat. Paris, No. 645. The MS. of the former work is numbered 702. 741. 1852. Calle, Antonio. —El Martirio de la joven Hachuel, o la Heroina hebrea, drama de . . . . Sevilla : 8vo. A Play founded on the case of Sol Hachuel, daughter of Hahn and Sitnha Hachuel. (No. 596.) 742. 1852. Ibn Batutah. —Voyage a travel's 1’Afrique septentrionale au com¬ mencement du xiv e . sieclc, publie par M. Cherbonneau. Paris: 8vo. Nos. 28, 556, 616, 752. 2 a 2 330 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 743. 1852. Sarrus, F. —Description d’un astrolabe construit a Maroc en 1208. Strasbourg : 1852, 4to, 0 pi. See No. 575. 744. 1852. Jourdan, L.— L'Empire de Maroc. Paris : Svo. 745. - ]£tat de Maroc en 1852. Rev. Orient, i. p. 109. 746. 1852. Carstensen. —Verzeichniss der in der Umgegend von Tanger und im nordlichen Fez vorkommenden Ydgel. Naumannia : 1852, p. 76. A very imperfect list of birds, chiefly from the neighbourhood of Tangier, by the late British Vice-Consul in Mogador. 747. 1853. Nod, M. de.—Sur l’Argania comme plante oleagineuse. (Revue Horticole, p. 125.) Paris : 8vo. Also separately. 748. 1853. Sumner, Hon. Charles. —White Slavery in the Barbary States. London : Svo, pp. 135. See also ‘ Quarterly Review,’ vol. xcix. p. 331. 749. 1853. Carette, E. —Recherches sur l’Origine et les Migrations des prin- cipales tribus d’Afrique septentrionale. Paris : 8vo, pp. 476. This refers to Morocco as well as to the other countries of North Africa. A very learned and valuable work. 750. 1853. Alby, Ernest. —Les Vepres Marocaines, ou derniers prisonniers d’Abd-el-Kader. Paris : 2 vol. Svo. The author writes under the pseudonym of A. de France. 751. 1853. Mirval, J. B. J. de. —L’Orphelin dc Mogador, ou notions sur l’empire du Maroc. Limoges : 18mo, with illustrations. (De la Martiniere.) 752. 1853-1858. Ibn Batutah, Voyages d’. Texte arabe, accompagne d’une traduction par C. Defremery et le Dr. B. It. Sanguinetti. Paris : 4 vol. 8vo, published by the Societe Asiatique: pp. xlvi. + 443; xiv. + 460; xxvi. + 476; 479 + 81. This celebrated traveller, Abu Abdulla Mohammed, left his native city r Tangier with the view of performing the pilgrimage to Mecca; he actually traversed a great part of the Mohammedan world between 1325 and 1349. On his return he visited Merakish, Fez, Ceuta, Salee, and various other places in Morocco. The original title of the work is, (_.o J* See Nos. 28, 556, 616, 752, and an article by the late Sir Henry Yule in ‘ Encycl. Brit.,’ 9th edition, vol. xii., pp. 607-609. The complete MSS. from which MM. Defremery and Sanguinetti’s edition was prepared, were found in Constantine on’ the capture of that city by the French. One of them was in the autograph of Ibn Juzai. The chief MSS. in English Libraries are those in abridgment presented by Burckhardt to Cambridge. From these Dr. Lee’s version was prepared. Another, apparently unknowm to the editors of the above edition, dating from the eighteenth century, is in the collection of Dr. R. Brown, who obtained it from the Library of Amedee Jaubert: ^ : Travels of Mohammad ibn Batuta el-Mughrabi. Its origin is not known. 753. 1853? Joinville.—Histoire Generate de la Marine (edition publiee sous la direction de M. Van Tenac). Paris : 4 vol. Svo. Bataille de Tanger (1578). T. ii. p. 89. Prise de Mogador. Bombardement de Tanger (1844). T. iv. pp. 324-42. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 331 754. 1854. Smyth, William Henry, Rear-Admiral.—The Mediterranean: A Memoir, Physical, Historical, and Nautical. London : 8vo, pp. 519. Pp. 95-6, 99, 301-2, and 404 refer to Morocco. 755. 1854. Hooker, Sir William J. —The Argan tree of Morocco. (Mainly consisting of a letter from Mr. Wm. Grace, British Yice-Consul in Mogador.) ‘London Journal of Botany,’ vol. vi. p. 97, tab. iii., iv. Reprinted in Appendix to Hooker and Ball’s ‘ Tour in Morocco,’ pp. 396-403. See also Retz, ‘ Observ. Botanicae,’vol. iv. p. 26, and Correa de Serra, ‘Annalesdu Mus. d’Hist. Naturelle,’ 1809, t. viii. p. 393, tab. v. fig. 1. 756. 1854. Durrieu, Xavier. —The present State of Morocco. A chapter of Mussulman Civilisation. London : 8vo, pp. 93, forming vol. 60 of ‘ The Traveller’s Library.’ This is merely an English version of the Author’s article in the 1 Rev. des deux Mondes,’ No. 670. 757. 1854. Cherbonneau. — Notice et extraits du Voyage d’El-Abdery a travers l’Afrique Septentrionale, au vii e . Siecle de l’Hegire. Aaxj \ Paris : 8vo, pp. 35. Reprinted from the ‘ Journ. Asiatique.’ See No. 23. 758. 1854. Bard, Joseph. —L’Algerie en 1854. Itineraire general de Tunis a Tanger; colonisation, paysages, monuments, culte, agriculture, statistique, hygiene, industrie, commerce, avenir. Paris: 8vo, pp. 251, 1 plate (the tower of the Great Mosque at Oran). 759. 1855. Biudavets, Pedro.- —Descripcion y piano de las islas Chafarinas. Cronica Naval, Madrid, t. i., p. 662. This important work advocates the transfer of the Presidios of Penon, in order to create a great military port at the Zaffarine islands. 760. 1856. General Treaty between Great Britain and Morocco, signed at Tangier, 9th December, negociated by John Hay Drummond Hay, Esq., C.B., H.M. Charge d’Affaires. 38 Articles. Hertslet’s Treaties, vol. x. p. 903. 761. 1856. Convention of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Morocco, of the same date. 1. c. p. 915. 762. 1856. Kunstmann—Valentin Ferdinand’s Beschreibung der Westkiiste Afrikas bis zum Senegal. Abhandl. der. Kgl. bayr. Akad. d. Wissenschaften. iii. Kl. viii. Bd. 1 Abtlg. 763. 1856. Slane, Baron MacGuekin de. — Conquete du Soudan par les Marocains, l’an 299 (1590-1 de J.-C.). Recit extrait de l’ouvrage d’un historien Arabe. Rev. Afr., t. i. pp. 287-312. The Prince whose acts are here related was El-Mansur, son of Abd-el- Melek, who died on the occasion of the great battle during which Don Sebastian and his army were destroyed. 764. 1856. Bizo, Francisco.—Importancia de la plaza del Penon y considera- ciones sobre la conveniencia de conservar 6 abandonar aquel punto. MS. en el Dep. da Ingenieros. (Duro.) 765. 1856. Beinaud, M. —Rapport sur le Tableau des dialectes de l’Algerie et des contrees voisines de M. Geslin. Paris: 8vo, pp. 26. (Extracted from the Moniteur Universel,’ August 7th and 8th, 1856.) There is a good deal on Morocco in this memoir : M. Geslin’s works related entirely to Algeria and the country south of it. 332 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 766. 1856. Vincendon Dumoulin and C. P. de Kerhallet. —Cute Nord du Maroc. Paris : 8vo. Minist. de la Marine : Instructions nautiques, No. 229. 767. 1857. Duncan, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Laraich for 1856. Reports received at the Board of Trade through the F. 0. for the years 1855-56, p. 132. 768. 1857. Redman, Cons. Agent. —General Commercial Report on Mazagan for 1855. 1. c., p. 134. 769. 1857. Grace, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1856. 1. c., p. 137. 770. 1857. Elton, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 146. 771. 1857. Reade, Vice-Consul. —Commercial Report for the Province of Tangier for 1856. 1. c., p. 153. 772. 1857. Hay, J. D., Vice-Consul.—Commercial Report on Tetuan for 1856. 1. c., p. 165. 773. 1857. British Order in Council for the apprehending and delivering up of Seamen, deserters from the Merchant vessels of Morocco and Fez, in British and East Indian Ports. Dated 6th May. Herts. Treat., vol. x. p. 922. 774. 1857. British Order in Council for the exercise of power and juris¬ diction by British functionaries over British Subjects in Morocco. Dated 27th August. Contains 41 Articles. 1. c., p. 923. 775. 1857. Barges, l’Abbe, et Goldberg, M. — R. Jeliuda ben Koreisch Tcharetensis Africani ad synagogam Judaiorum civitatis Fez epistola. De studii Targum utilitate et de lingual chaldaicse, misnicai, talmudicai, arabicre, vocabu- lorum, item nonnullorum, barbaricorum convenientia cum hebraia. Paris : 8vo. These were lectures on Philology delivered in the Fez Synagogue, in the 10th century, by the Rabbi Juda ibn Koreish. The work is translated from a MS. in Oxford. 776. 1857. Cotte, Narcisse. —Mceurs politiques et sociales du Maroc. Revue Contemporaine et Athemeum Francais (Paris), Livraison 137, Dec. 15th, pp. 1-36. 777. 1857-58. Barth, Henry. —Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa, being a Journal of an Expedition undertaken under the auspices of H.B.M.’s government in the years 1849-1855. London: 5 vols., 8vo. This valuable work, of which French and German versions have appeared, contains (vol. iv., pp. 610, 614, 623, 696; vol. v., pp. 3, 33) valuable information regard¬ ing the relations of Morocco and Timbuktu. 778. 1857. Godard, l’Abbe Ldon. —Les Eveques de Maroc sous les derniers Almohades et les Beni-Merin. Rev. Afr., vol. ii. p. 124 et seq. A see was created in Fez and Morocco in 1233, and was occupied by Franciscans till the middle of the 15th century. Christians were then numerous in the country, as is proved by the letter of Innocent IV. to the Sultan in 1246. 779. 1857. Dastugue, Lt.-Col. H. —La Bataille d’Al-Kazar el-Ivebir, d’apres deux historiens Musulmans. Rev. Afr., t. xi. p. 130. The MSS. on which this narrative is based are (1) the Nozhat el-Hadi by Mohammed es-Segheir bin el-Haj bin Abdulla, who lived at Morocco in the 12th century of the Hejira, the title of whose work Colonel Dastugue thus A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 333 translates, ‘ Delices de celui qui s’attache a l’histoire des souverains du onzieme siecle, c’est a dire de la dynastie Saadienne.’ (2) The commentary of a Kasida or piece of verse composed in honour of Bei Mohammed el-Kebir on the sur¬ render of Oran by the Spaniards in 1791, by the Imam Mohammed Abou-Ras bin en-Nasser. The battle in question is styled by the Arab historian that of the Wad el-Mekhazin. 780. 1857. Slane, Baron MacGuckin de. —Description de l’Afrique Septen- trionale par Abou-Obeid el-Bekri. Texte Arabe, revu sur quatre manuscrits et publie sous les auspices de M. le Marechal Comte Randon, Gouverneur General de l’Algerie. Alger: 8vo,pp. 19, r I r. The Arabic title is &c - js'z In 1859 a French translation was published by the same author at Paris : 8vo, pp. 432. This first appeared in the ‘ Journ. Asiatique,’ 1858-59. See also Nos. 16, 800. 781. 1857. Snider-Pellegrini, A. —Quelques observations sur les Moyens de developper le commerce de l’Algerie avec l’interieur de l’Afrique, et d’une route par terre d’Alger au Senegal par Tombouctou, precede d’observations sur PAlgerie et le Maroc. Paris: 8vo. See also Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, March. 782. 1857. Mares, Dr. Paul.—Observations meteorologiques recueillis pendant les mois d’octobre, novembre et decembre 1856 et janvier 1857, dans le Sahara, au sud de la province d’Oran, et dans le sud-est du Maroc. Paris: fol. pp. 8. From the ‘Ann. de la Soc. de Meteor, de France,’ t. v. p. 172. 783. 1857. Fournel, Henri.—I^tude sur la conquete de l’Afrique par les Arabes, et recherches sur les tribus Berberes qui ont occupe le Maghreb Central. Paris : 4to, pp. 166. The Author followed up this subject in a much more important work published in 1875-81: q. v. 784. 1857. Dumoulin, C. A. Vincendon, and C. P. de Kerhallet.—De¬ scription nautique de la cote nord du Maroc. Instructions nautiques, Ministere de la Marine. Paris : 8vo. 785. -— Manuel de la navigation dans le detroit de Gibraltar. Ministere de la Marine. No. 259. Paris : 8vo. 786. 1857. Kerhallet, Ch. P. de, Capitaine de Yaisseau. — Manuel de la Navigation a la cote occidentale d’Afrique. Paris. See Nos. 844, 1078. 787. 1857. Cambio di lettere per l’adesionedel Governo Sardo alle misure adotta dal Governo Marocchino per la repressione del contrcibbando sulle coste di quell’ Impero e 1’ ammessione della Sardegna al Godimento dei vantaggi stipulati col Trattato Inglese Marocchino del 9 dicembre 1856. Eaccolta dei Trattati, vol. prelim., Torino, No. cxix. p. 631. 788. 1858. Elton, W. J., Vice-Consul at Mogador.—Coast of Morocco, com¬ municated by Capt. J. Washington, R.N. Proc. R. Geogr. Soc., London, vol. ii. p. 375. 789. 1858. Quatremere, Et. —Prolegomenes d’Ebn Khaldoun iCeyji,*- Texte Arabe, publie d’apres les Manuscrits de la Biblio- theque Imperiale. Notices et extr. des MSS. de la Bib. Imp., t. xvi., xvii. Nos. 29, 632, 738, 999. 780. 1858. Aguirre, Buperto. —Expedition al Riff: su importancia, necessidad y conveniencia. Madrid: 4to. (Duro.) 334 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 791. 1858. Die Bewohner der Westkiiste von Marokko. Petermann’s Geo- graph. Mittkeilungen, 1858, p. 168. 792. 1858. Benjamin, Israel Joseph. —Acht Jalire in Asien und Afrika von 1846 bis 1855 .... Nebst einem Vorwort von Dr. B. Seeman. Zweite Auflage mit vergleichenden Notizen aus B. de Tudela, R. Petkackia, P. Teixeira und Ritter’s Erdkunde. Haonover : 8vo, pp. 314. An English Version, “Eight Years in Asia and Africa,” published at Hanover in 1863, 8vo, pp. 376. Chap. xlii. refers to Morocco; chap, xliii. regarding the Jews in North Africa. 793. 1858. Jones, John Harris. — ^Xi J*\. Ibn Abd-el- Hakem’s History of the Conquest of Spain, now edited for the first time, trans¬ lated from the Arabic, with critical and exegetical notes, and a historical introduction. Goettingen: 8vo, pp. 81 (English), pp. 28 (Arabic); of which pp. 17 are introduction by the translator and pp. 43 are text; the rest exegetical notes of much value. This work contains much about the Morocco of the period of the Invasion. 794. 1858. Leo Africanus. — Etudes biographiques: Jean Leon l’Africain. Berbrugger, Revue Africaine, No. 11, June, vol. ii., pp. 353-364. As the writer only knew the French and Latin versions of Leo, his account is very imperfect. 795. 1859. Murray, Mrs. Elizabeth.- —Sixteen Years of an Artist’s life in Morocco, Spain, and the Canary Islands. London : 8vo, 2 vol. pp. 352 and 344, with a view of Morocco. The first 104 pages of vol. i. are devoted to Morocco. The author’s experiences are confined to Tangier, where she resided during the French bombardment of 1844. Some statements in the book so offended Spanish officers that for months after its appearance her husband received challenges. 796. 1859-60. Mrs. Murray’s Morocco. Littell’s Living Age. (Boston, U.S.) 797. 1859. Godard, Leon, Pere. —Soirees Algeriennes. Tours : 8vo. Many particulars about Moorish piracy and slavery. 798. 1859. Goeje, M. J. de. —Specimen literarum inaugurate exhibens De- scriptionem Al-Magribi Sumtum e libro regionum al-Jaqubi. Lugduni-Bata- vorum : 8vo, pp. 170 and r I • Arabic text, with Latin translation, of a de¬ scription of the coast from Egypt to the Atlantic Ocean. Important for the geography of N. Africa in the 14th century. Repriated in full, in Goeje’s Bib. Geog. Arab., 1891, Pars Septima. The Arabic title of the work is Siy- IV 1—^9 l? L-r’jio. 799. 1858-85. Colleccao de Monumentos ineditos para a Historia das Con- quistas dos Portuguezas em Africa, Asia e America. Lisboa : 9 vol. in 14 parts. 800. 1859. El-Bekri. Description de l’Afrique Septentrionale, traduit par MacGuckin de Slane. Paris: 8vo, pp. 432. See Nos. 16, 780. 801. 1859. Godard, Leon, Cure d’El-Aghouat. — Le Maroc; Notes d’un Voyageur. Alger: 8vo, pp. 147. Originally published in the ‘Akhbar’ and ‘ Revue Africaine.’ A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 335 A work full of information, but marred by want of order and the absence of any table of contents or index. See No. 831. 802. 1859. Barghs, l’Abbe, J. S. L.—Tlemcen, ancienne capitale du royaume de ce nom. Paris : 8vo, pp. 479, 12 plates. This work abounds in information of the most valuable nature. The ancient history of this place is intimately connected with that of Morocco. 803. 1859. Faidherbe, le Col. —Pienseignementsgeographiques sur la partiedu Sahara comprise entre l’Oued-Noun et le Soudan. Nouv. Ann. des Voy., August. 804. -Considerations sur les populations de l’Afrique Septentrionale. 1. c., September. 805. 1859. Cotte, Narcisse, Anc. Attache au Cons. Gen. de France au Maroc. —Le Maroc contemporain. Paris: 12mo, pp. 298. The author resided three years at Tangier and Eabat, but made no journeys into the interior. 806. 1859. Duval, M. —La question du Maroc, et les interets europeens en Afrique. Revue des deux Mondes, 15th December. 807. 1859. Castaing, Alph. —La question Marocaine. 8vo. Broch. (De la Martiniere.) 808. 1859. Hugonnet, F. —Episode de la guerre d’Afrique. Perplexites des troupes de Lalla-Marnia pendant le Massacre de Sidi-Brahim. Spect. Milit. 2 me Ser., vol. xxv. p. 43G. Episode of the war on the frontier of Morocco. 809. - De quelques Celebrites de l’armee d’Afrique. II. Bugeaud, Due d’lsly. 1. c., vol. xxviii. p. 61. Gives an account of his operations in Morocco. 810. 1859. Martin, Ch., Commandant des Dragons de lTmperatrice.—Guerre de la France et de l’Espagne avec le Maroc. Resume historique des expeditions des Espagnols en Afrique. 1. c., p. 181 et seq. 811. 1859. Alonso Valdespino, Santiago. —La cuestion de Marruecos tal cual ha sido, es y sera bajo el punto de vista espanol y europeo. Madrid : 8vo. (Duro.) 812. - La question du Maroc, ce qu’elle a ete, est et sera, examinee au point de vue espagnol et europeen. Trad, avec avant-propos par C. Larnar- tiniere. Paris: 8vo. 813. 1859. Marquez de Prado, Jose. —Recuerdos de Africa. Historia de la plaza de Ceuta. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 244. Map of Ceuta and neighbourhood. 814. 1859. Amor, Fernando.- —Recuerdos de un viaje a Marruecos. Sevilla : 8vo. This writer was an accomplished naturalist. 815. 1859. Diana, D. Manuel Juan. —Un prisionero en el Puff. Memorias del Ayudante Alvarez. Madrid : 16mo, 1859, 2nd edition, pp. 336. 816. 1859. Alermon y Dorreguiz. —Descripcion del Imperio de Marruecos, en que se trata principalmente de las instituciones, usos, costumbres, etc., de sus habitantes y de la topografia del pais. Madrid, Malaga: 8vo, pp. viii. and 72, with map. 817. 1859. Convenio ampliando los terminos jurisdiccionales de Melilla y pactando la adoption de las medidas necessarias para la seguridad de los presidios 336 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. espanoles en la costa de Africa, celebrado entre Espana y Marruecos en Tetuan el 24 de Agosto de 1859. Colec. Janer. Martens, ‘Nouv. Rec. Gen. de Tr.,’ t. xvii. p. 124. 818. 1859-60. Rotondo, Antonio. — La Argelia antigua y moderna, desde los primeros establecimentos de los Cartagineses hasta la expedition del General Randon, en 1853, por M. Leon Galibert [No. 655]; y El Imperio de Marruecos, escrito por los bistoriadores de mas fama, traducido y continuado con todos los acontecimientos a que pneda dar lugar la cuestion boy pendiente entre Espana y dicbo pais por D. A. R., con una introduction escrita, por D. Manuel Maria Elamant. Obra ilustrada con magnificas laminas por los mejores artistas espagnoles, en negro e iluminadas, que representan batallas, trajes, retratos, revistas, etc. Madrid: 3 vol., 4to. (Duro.) Tbe first vol. is entirely occupied with Algeria, the second and third with Morocco and the Spanish war. 819. 1859. Campazano y Gonzalez, Ramon. —Sobre la oportunidad de la guerra de Africa. Madrid: 4to. (Duro.) 820. 1859. Arteche, Don Jose Gomez de, and D. Francisco Coello, Coronels. — Description y mapas de Marruecos, con algunas consideraciones sobre la importancia de la occupacion militar de una parte de este imperio. Madrid : 8vo, pp. 145, with an important map of Morocco. 821. 1859. Castillo, Rafael del. —Espana y Marruecos. Historia de la guerra de Africa escrita desde el Campamento. Cadiz : 4to, pp. 570. (Duro.) 822. 1859-60. Alcacon, Pedro A. de. —Diario de nn testigo de la guerra de Africa. Madrid : 3 vols., 12mo; 2nd ed., corrected, 1880. 823. 1859. Castelai’, Don Emilio; D. F. de Paula Canalejas; D. G. Cruzada Villaamil y D. Miguel Morayta. —Cronica de la Guerra de Africa. Madrid : fob, pp. 270. Issued originally in numbers. 824. 1859. Some Account of Morocco. Fraser’s Magazine, December, pp. 720-738. 825. 1859. Saez de Melgar, Faustina. —Africa y Espana. Cantos poeticos escritos con motivo de la guerra de Marruecos, por la Senora Dona . . . . Madrid : 4to, pp. 15. (Duro.) 826. 1859. Thornbury, Walter. —Life in Spain : Past and Present. 2 vols. London : 8vo. Chap, x., vol. ii., pp. 221-244 is devoted to a sketch of Ceuta. 827. 1860. Cooke, G. Wingrove. — Conquest and Colonisation of North Africa. Edinburgh, Blackwood : 8vo, pp. 246. Chap, xix., 227, is on “ The Relations of Morocco with Europe.” The book is reprinted from the ‘ Times.’ 828. 1860. Lowe, Rev. Richard Thomas. — A List of Plants collected at Mogador and its immediate environs during a few days’ visit to the place in April 1859, with notes and observations. Journ. and Proc. of the Linnean Society, Botany, vol. v., pp. 26-45. The same translated into German : ‘ Character der Vegetation bei Mogador.’ Peterm., Geogr. Mittheil., 1861, p. 353. The list comprises 177 species of flowering plants. A List of the Shells observed or collected at Mogador and in O 829. 1860. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 337 its immediate environs during a few days’ visit to the place in April 1859, with notes and observations. Journal and l’roc. of the Linnean Society, Zoology vol. v., pp. 169-204. 830. I860. El Eco de Tetuan ; Editor, P. A. Alarcon. This weekly (the first newspaper ever published in Morocco) was issued in the Spanish camp at Tetuan during the time that town was occupied by Marshal O’Donnell’s (Duke of Tetuan) troops. It lasted only a few months. 831. 1860. Godard, Ldon, Chanoine honoraire d’Alger. — Description et Histoire du Maroc, comprenant la geographic et la statistique de ce pays, d’apres les renseignements les plus recents et le tableau du regne des Souverains qui l’ont gouverne, depuis les temps les plus anciens jusqu’a la paix de Tdtouan en 1860. Paris : 2 vols., 8vo, pp. 680, continuous pagination, with map. Reviewed by M. Malte-Brun in ‘Nouv. Ann. des Voyages,’ t. iv. of 1860, p. 112. This is a reproduction, revised and considerably augmented, of the author’s two previous works, Nos. 778, 797. It is a valuable and convenient compila¬ tion, though full of inexcusable errors aud prejudices. The reverend author, who belongs very much to the Church militant, attributes to England the idea of forming a settlement between Tetuan and Ceuta, and then (pp. 664-666) gives a scheme for the French conquest of the country: “ On pousserait la guerre de differents cotes, de sorte que le cherif ne saurait ou porter la defense, et l’on se haterait de lui susciter, pour comble quelque pretendant a la souverainete .... Mektoub! c’etait ecrit.” 832. 1860. Gerard, Jules. —L’Afrique du Nord : description, histoire, armee, populations, administration et colonisation, chasses, le Maroc. Illustrations de J. A. Beauce. Paris : 8vo, pp. 401. The chapter on Morocco is the tenth (pp. 369-382) ; it is a compiled sketch of its general features in the vicinity of Algeria. 833. 1860. Eefremery, Ch. — Note sur l’origine de la Ville de Tetouan. Nouv..Ann. des Voy., t. ii. of 1860, pp. 129-33. A resume of a letter to the‘Gi nstitutionnel ’ of the 23rd March, by a distinguished tourist, M. de Chevarrier. 834. 1860. Fillias, M. A. — L’Espagne et le Maroc en 1860. Paris: 8vo, pp. 170. This gives a short account of the principal cities of Morocco, a summary of the ancient conquests of Spain and Portugal in the country, and an account ot the war with Spain in 1859. It is marked by a strong animus against England. 835. 1860. Berbrugger, A. —Les Frontieres de l’Algerie. Rev. Afr., vol. iv., p. 401. He advocates as the western frontier of Algeria the line of the Moulouia and the Guir. 836. 1860. Kasimirski A. de Bibenstein. —Dictionnaire arabe-francais, con- tenant toutes les racines de . . . . dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc. Paris: 8vo. New edition by Ibed Gallab, 4 vols., 4to. Cairo [Bordak], 1875. 837. 1860-74. Muller, L.— Numismatique de l’Ancienne Afrique — ouvrage prepare et commence par C. T. Falbe et J. Chr. Lindberg. Refait, aclieve et publie par L. Muller. Copenkague : 3 vol., 4to, and Supplement. Vol. i.—Les Monnaies de la Cyrenaique. pp. xii. 174. 338 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Vol. ii.—Les Monnaies de la Syrtique, de la Byzacene et la Zeugitane. pp. viii. 188. Yol. viii.—Les Monnaies de la Numidie et de la Mauritanie. pp. vi. 194. Supplement.—Additional coins from all tliese regions, pp. iv. 96. All profusely illustrated. A standard work. 838. 1860. Liebermann, J. — Appel a la charite des Juifs en faveur de leurs coreligionaires Marocains. ISIancy : 8vo. 839. 1860. Calibration de la prise de Tetuan, a Alger, par les artisans espagnols. Alger : 12mo, pp. 16. 840. 1860. Canovas del Castillo, Antonio. — Apuntes para la Historia de Marruecos. Madrid. (Duro.) 841. 1860. De Prado, J. A. —Recuerdos de Africa. Historia de la plaza de Ceuta, ecc. 2 a edic. Madrid : 4to, pp. 244, with map. 842. 1860. Bueno, J. M. —Diccionario Geografico, estadistica, historico, ecc. del Imperio de Marruecos. Entrega 1. Valencia : pp. 1-16. 843. 1860. Torrijos, Manuel. — Noticia de alguno de los puertos y pobla- ciones de la Costa del Imperio Marroqui. Madrid : Cronica Naval, t. x., p. 332. (Duro.) 844. 1860. Direccion de Hidrografia. —Derrotero de la Costa de Marruecos desde Cabo Espartel a Cabo Bojador, per M. Charles Philippe de Kerhallet en 1821. Madrid: 4to. See No. 786. 845. 1860. Perreiro, M. —Description del Imperio de Marruecos. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 24. 846. 1860. Fernandez Duro, Casareo, Captain in the Spanish Navy. — Noticias de la bahia y ciudad de Mogador, con piano y vistas. Anuario de la Direccion de Ilidrog., Year iii., pp. 259-279. (Duro.) 847. 1860. Chaix, P. —Ivtude sur l’ethnographie de 1’Afrique. Avec 3 cartes. Memoires et Bulletin de la Socicte de Geographic de Geneve, July, pp. 1-89. Not of much value so far as Morocco is concerned. 848. 1860. Weyler y Layma, D. Fernando. — Catalogo de las plantas naturales observadas en la parte del N. del Imperio Marroqui durante la ultima guerra. (Originally printed in No. 849.) Palma, P. J. Gelabert: 8vo. lie enumerates 460 species collected between Ceuta and Tetuan, but the precise localities are not given, and there are many evident blunders in determination. 849. - Apuntes topograficos sobre la parte del imperio Marroqui que ha sido teatro en la ultima guerra con Espana. Palma, P. J. Gelabert: 8vo, 44 pp. 850. 1860. Baudoz, A., et I. Osiris. — Histoire de la guerre d’Espagne avec le Maroc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 348, with a lith. plate of Seiior Calderon-Collantes, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and other Spanish dignitaries. 2nd ed. in 1868. This is evidently written under Spanish inspiration. 851. 1860. Landa, Nicasio. —La Campana de Marruecos. Memorias de un Medico Militar, ayudante que fue del Cuartel general del ejercito de Africa. Madrid : 8vo. (Duro.) 852. 1860. Album de la Guerra de Africa, formado con presencia de datos oficiales, y publicado por el periodico Los Novedades. Madrid: fol., with illustra¬ tions. (Duro.) A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 339 853. 1860-61. Ibo Alfaro, Manuel.—-La Corona de laurel. Coleccion de biografias de los generales que lian tornado parte en la gloriosa Campana de Africa, y apuntes curiosos. Madrid: 3 vol., 4to, with lithographic illustrations. Yol. iii. contains copy of the treaty of peace and commerce between Spain and Morocco, dated 20th Nov. 1861. (Duro.) 854. 1860. Cervino, Joaquin Jose.—La nueva guerra punica 6 Espaiia en Marruecos. Poema premiado en certamen extraordinario celebrado por la Peal Academia espanola para commemorar los triunfos de las armas espanolas en la guerra de Africa. Madrid: 4to. (Duro.) 855. 1860. Guerra de Africa.—Poesias que da a luz la Peal Academia’Es¬ panola, liabiendolas juzgado merecedoras de mention lionorifica entre las presen- tadas al certamen extraordinario, abierto para conmemorar los triumfos de las armas espanolas en la guerra de Africa. Madrid: 4to, pp. 101. 856. 1860. Bastella, Eduardo D.—Pomance de la Guerra de Africa. Madrid: 4to, pp. 192; also in ‘ Gaceta Militar,’ fob, pp. 187. 857. 1860. Molins, El-Marques de.—El romancero de la guerra de Africa, presentado a la Reina dona Isabel II. y al Rey su augusto esposo. Publicado de Orden y a expensas de SS. MM. Madrid : 16mo, pp. 8+ 384 +Index and notes. A series of poems on various aspects of the Spanish war against Morocco in 1859-60. 858. 1860. Arnao, Antonio.—La Campana de Africa, poema en dos cantos que obtuvo el accesit en el cartamen extraordinario abierto por la Real Academia espanola en 17 de Febrero de 1860, para conmemorar los triunfos de las armas espanolas en la guerra de Africa. Madrid : 4to, pp. 47. (Duro.) 859. 1860. Blanco Herrero, D. M.—La guerra de Africa: La Atlantida, poema. Madrid: 4to, pp. vii. + 45. (Duro.) 860. 1860. Bono Serrano, Gaspar.—Capellan de honor de S. M. entre los arcades de roma argero Latinio. A las Victorias contra Marruecos. Madrid: 4to, pp. 13. (Duro.) 861. 1860. Amador de los Rios y Rada y Delgado.—Victorias de Africa, oda de D. J. A. de los Rios, y canto en octavas, con motivo de la toma de Tetuan por D. Juan de Dios de Rada y Delgado: Composiciones leidas a S.S. M.M. en presencia de S.S. A.A. R.R. los Sermos. Infantes Duques de Mont- pensier. Madrid : 4to, pp. 18. (Duro.) 862. 1860. Castillo y Olivas, Pedro Maria. — Dialogos espanoles-arabes 6 guia de la Conversation Moghrabi, dedicados al ejercito de mar y tierra. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 110. (Duro.) 863. 1860. Schickler, F. —Quelques jours au Maroc. Notes de Voyages. ‘ Tour du Monde,’ vol. i., pp. 5-10, 28-32, with illustrations. The author went no further than Tangier. 864. 1860. Lanoye, F. de.—Voyages au Maroc (1670, 1789, 1860). Le Maroc au dix-septifenie si&cle, relation du Sieur Mouette. Le Maroc au dix-liuiti6me sifecle, relation de Lempriere. Le Maroc a l’epoque actuelle, relation de James Richardson. 1. c., pp. 209-224, with map and illustrations. An epitome of the travels of these three authors, q.v. 865. 1860. Da Cunha, Rivera.—Catalogo dos manuscriptos da Bib. Publica Eborense. Lisboa, 2 vols. , 340 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 866. 1860. Reinhold, W.—Marokko und die Marokkaner. With illustrations. ‘ Westermann’s illustrirte Monatshefte,’ March. 867. 1860. Kiepert, Heinrich. —Per nordliche Theil des Sultanats Marocco. Zeitsch. fiir allgemeine Erdk., Nos. 79-81. Remarks on the map of Morocco. With map. 868. 1860. Barth, Henry.—A general Historical Description of the State of Human Society in Northern Central Africa. Proceedings of the Roy. Gfeog. Soc., Lond., vol. xiii., pp. 112-136, with a map of North Africa. This paper is not directly on Morocco, but it contains various data regarding that country. 869. 1860? Soto, le Colonel Raimundo de. —Apuntes liistoricos sobre las expediciones de los Espaiioles a Africa. La Asamblea Militar. (De la Martiniere.) 870. 1860. Blakesley, J. W. — Morocco and North Africa. Macmillan’s Magazine, vol. i., p. 229; same article, Eclectic Magazine, vol. 1., p. 173. 871. 1860. Beaumier, A., French Consular Agent at Rabat and Sallee.—Roudh el-Ivartas. Histoire des Souverains du Maghreb (Espagne et Maroc) et annales de la ville de Fes. Traduit de l’Arabe par . . . Paris : public sous les auspices du Ministere des Aff. Etrang., 8vo, pp. 576. This translation is based on two MSS., one from Fez and the other from Tunis. The author, according to the copy used by Moura, that quoted by Conde as preserved in the Royal Library of Madrid, Imam Abou Mohammed Saleh ben Abd-el-Halim of Granada, but according to other copies (Ga.yango’s, several in the Bodleian Libraiy, one seen by Graberg di Hemso and De Sacy) Abu’l-IIassan ben Abd Allah ben Abi Zara’ al-Fasi commences his history at the flight of Edris, who, driven out of Arabia, came to Morocco, built Fez (a.d. 762), and founded the dynasty of the Edrisites, which reigned 200 years. He finishes it at the reign of the 9tli Sovereign of the Beni Merin family, under ■ whom he lived (a.d. 1326). Several translations of this valuable work (the most important upon the history of Morocco in existence), more or less complete, have been published previously: one in German by Bombay, Agram, 1794-1797, Geschichte der Mauritanischen Konige; another in Portuguese by the P. Antonio Moura, in Lisbon, 1828, Historia dos Soberanos Mahometanos; and a third by Torn- berg, in Latin with the Arab text, Upsala, 1843-45, 2 vol., 4to, Annales regum Mauritaniae. See Nos. 26, 465, 554, 646, 1523. Dr. R. Brown owns De Sacy’s MS. copy written in two African hands. This MS. professes to be penned by Abu ’l-Hassan ben Abd-Allah ben Abi Zara’ al-Fasi (^- J There is an exhaustive footnote on the subject in Gayango’s edition of A1 Makkari, vol. ii. pp. 515-16. 872. 1860. Richardson, James.—Travels in Morocco. Edited by his Widow, with Introduction by Captain L. Trant Cave. London : 2 vol., 8vo, plates, pp. xxiv. 301+319. Still a very useful work. Richardson died on the frontier of Bornu, in the course of his journey to Timbuktu from Tripoli. Before his departure for Central Africa he endeavoured unsuccessfully to penetrate to Merakish and to induce the Sultan to abolish the slave trade. He visited Mogador and Tangier, and collected much interesting information. The introduction by Capt. Cave is a wild piece of writing. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 341 873. 1860. Richardson’s Travels in Morocco. Colburn’s Magazine (Lon¬ don), January 1860 (vol. 118), pp. 1-27. 874. 1860. Morocco and the Moors. Review of Richardson’s ‘ Travels in Morocco,’ No. 872. Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, N.S., February, vol. xxvii., pp. 120-122. 875. 1860. On Morocco. Reviews of James Richardson (No. 872); Xavier Durrieu (No. 756); and O. C. D. Ross (No. 376). London Quarterly Review, pp. 148-167. 876. 1860. Ross, O. C. D. — Spain and the War with Morocco. London: 8vo. 877. 1860. Thomas, Rev. Charles W. —Adventures and Observations on the West Coast of Africa and its Islands. Historical and descriptive sketches of Madeira, Canary, Biafra, and Cape Verd Islands: their climates, inhabitants, and productions. Accounts of places, peoples, customs, trades, missionary operations, etc., on that part of the African Coast lying between Tangier, Morocco and Benguela, with illustrations from original Drawings. New York: 8vo, pp. 479. Chapters i. and ii. relate to Morocco; chiefly Tangier and Mogador. The work is by the Chaplain to the U.S. African Squadron in 1855, 1856 and 1857. An English abridged edition published: London, 1864, Svo, pp. 250, without illustrations. 878. 1860. War by Spain on Morocco. —Copies of Official Correspondence, viz.: I. Circular of Mohamed el-Katib to Foreign representatives at Tangier, and his Correspondence with the Spanish Charge d’Affaires. II. Circular of Spanish Government to Missions abroad. III. Mohamed el-Katib’s reply to Spanish Circular. IY. Correspondence between the English and Spanish Governments. Manchester: Svo, pp. 40. 879. 1860. Hardman, Frederick. — The Spanish Campaign in Morocco. Edinburgh and London: Svo, pp. 323. The author was Special Correspondent of the ‘ Times,’ in which his letters were originally published. They were written at the head-quarters of the Spanish army, and contain a faithful account of the operations they describe. 880. 1861. Dozy, R. —Histoire des Musulmans d’Espagne jusqu’a la conquete de l’Andalousie par les Almoravides (711-1110). Leyde: 4 vol. Svo. Vol. i. pp. viii. 392 ; vol. ii. pp. 356; vol. iii. pp. 374; vol. iv. pp. 341, including additions and corrections printed in 1873, These volumes on the history of the Mussulmin of Spain, which super¬ sede all other works on the same subject, and it may be added render all others superfluous, are necessary for the history of Morocco also, containing as they do many references to that country, and MSS. concerning it (vol. iv. pp. 306-311). 881. 1861. Baeumen, August von. —Nach Marokko: Reise- und Kriegs- memoiren. (With a view of Tetuan and a portrait of General Prim.) Berlin : 8vo, pp. 333. 882. 1861. Catalogue of the MS. Maps, Charts, and Plans in the British Museum. In vol. iii. pp. 403-407 are notices of many interesting and valuable maps, plans, and views of Tangier and other places in Morocco. A number of the last are by Hollar. There are others of Algiers, pp, 407-409 ; of Tunis, 342 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. pp. 409-411; and of Tripoli, pp. 411-412. Most of the Morocco maps are recatalogued from this volume in No. 1771 t by De la Martiniere. 883. 1861. Engelmann, W. H.„ Dr. —Glossaire des mots Espagnols et Portu- gais derives de l’Arabe. Leyde : 8vo. A second edition, revised and enlarged, was published in 1869 under the joint authorship of Professor Dozy and Dr. Engelmann, Leyden, 8vo, pp. xii. 424. It is a most useful work for any one studying Barbary Arabic, in which there are a number of words which may be traced to Spanish. Many of the Arab family names are identical with those of Spain. 884. 1861. Convention between Great Britain and Morocco, relative to a loan to be raised in London by the Emperor. Signed at Tangier, 24th Oct., ratified 20th Dec., negotiated by John Drummond Hay, Esq., C.B., Her Majesty’s President. Hertslet’s Treaties, vol. xi. p. 425. A Supplementary Convention was signed on the 18th January, 1862. 1. c., p. 426. 885. 1861. Si Bou el-Moghdad, of Saint-Louis (Senegal).—Voyage par terre entre le Senegal et le Maroc du 10 Dec. I860' au 6 Mars 1861. Malte- Brun, Nouv. Ann. des Voy., vol. lxxi., June, July, August, p. 257 et seq. Also Piev. Marit. et Colon., May, t. i., pp. 479-494, with map. 886. - Beise durch die Westliche Sahara, Dezember 1860 bis Marz 1861. Petermann’s Geographische Mittheilungen. 887. 1861. Chaucliard, Achille, Capitaine d’lnfanterie.—Espagne et Maroc. Campagne de 1859-1860. Paris : 8vo, pp. 500. 3 maps. 100 copies printed. 888. 1861. Bache, Paul Eugene. —Souvenir d’un voyage a Mogador en 1859. Bev. Marit. et Colon., t. i. pp. 81-99. A detailed description of Mogador and its population in 1859. 889. 1861. Berbrugger, A. —Occupation Anglaise de Tanger de 1662 a 1683. Bev. Afr., vol. v., p. 337. This article first appeared in the Algerian ‘ Akhbar ’ in 1855. The present is a revised and augmented edition. 890. 1861. Barbid du Bocage, V. A. —Le Maroc. Notice Geographique. Bull. Soc. Geogr. de Paris, cinquieme Ser., t. i., p. 461 et seq. 891. - Ethnographie Marocaine. Nouv. Ann. des Voy. 1861, t. ii. pp. 20-78. A compilation of information from various authors and official publications. The subjects treated of are: 1, Population of Morocco; 2, Constitution of Society; 3, Science and Arts. 892. - Le Maroc. Notice Geographique. Paris: 8vo, pp. xi. and 151. The first part, “Maroc,” pp. 80, is extracted from the ‘Bull. Soc. Geogr.,’ pp. 25-45 and 120-132. Second part, “ Ethnographie,” pp. 59, was originally printed in ‘Nouv. Ann. des Voyages,’ April 1841. Third part, “ Belations, commerciales entre l’Empire et Maroc; le Sahara Occidental et le Soudan,’ pp. 10, is from the ‘ Bev. du Monde Colonial.’ 893. 1861. Atmeller, Victoriano. —Juicio critico de la Guerra de Africa. Madrid: 4to. 894. 1861. Galindo y de Vera, Ldon. —Intereses legitimos y permanentes que en africa tiene Espana, y deberes que la civilization le impone respecto A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 343 a aquel pais. Memoria premiada por la Academia de la Historia en 1861. Madrid : 4to, pp. 52. (Duro.) 895. 1861. Messina 6 Iglesias, D. Felix Maria de, Marques de La Serna. —Atlas historico, con presencia de los documentes oficiales y demas datos recogidos por diclio cuerpo durante las operaciones, y topografico de la Guerra de Africa sostenida por la nacion espanola contra el imperio Marroqui en 1859-1860. La publica de Real orden el Deposito de la Guerra a cargo del cuerpo de Estado Mayor del Ejercito, Siendo director general del mismo el Teniente el general . . . y jefe del deposito el Brigadier Coronel de E. M. Don Francisco Parreno y Lobato de la Calle. Madrid : oblong folio (no date). This splendid Atlas, published under the direction of the War Office (Estado Mayor del Ejercito), is by a variety of officers. Nine pages are devoted to the letterpress, which constitute Part I. Part II. contains, in addition to a sheet of conventional signs, &c., nine maps of battles and the country over which the operations of 1859-60 extended. Part III. is devoted to twelve “ Panoramas ” : Ceuta, Tetuan, Wad-Pas, &c., by Velasco and others. 896. 1861. Tratado entre Espana y Marruecos para arreglar las diferencias suscitadas sobre el cumplimiento del convenio de limites con Melilla en 1859 y del Tratado de paz de 1860, firmado en Madrid el 30 Octubre de 1861. Colec. Janer. See Marten’s ‘ Pec. Gen. de Tr.,’ t. xvii., p. 129. 897. 1861. Tratado de Comercio celebrado entre Espana y Marruecos, firmado en Madrid el 20 de Noviembre de 1861. Colec. Janer. (Duro.) 898. 1862. Duval, Jules. — Papport sur Rondh-el-Kartas (No. 871) par A. Beaumier. Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, 5° Ser. t. iii. p. 87. 899. 1862. Lafunte y Alcantara, Emilio.—Catalogo de los Codices Arabigos adquiridos en Tetuan por el Gobierno de S. M., formado por D. Emilio L. A. e impreso de orden y a expensas del Ministerio del Fomento. Madrid: 4to, pp. 96. In the Introduction there is an account of the cities of Ceuta and Tetuan and of the condition of the Moorish people. ■900. 1862. Tauxier, Henri.—Etude sur les Migrations des Nations Berberes avant l’lslamisme. ‘Journal Asiatique ’ (Paris), Sept, and Oct., pp. 340-354. Also separately, pp. 15. Gives a review of the geographical distribution of races in North-west Africa about the time of Mohammed, and he traces from it the principal migrations and invasions before the Mohammedan era. 901. 1862. Weyler y Lavina, D. Fernando, Sub-inspector jefe de Sanidad Militar del primer cuerpo del ejercito de Africa.—Apuntes topograficos sobre la parte del Imperio Marroqui que ha sido teatro de la ultima guerra con Espano. Palma de Mallorca; 8vo. (Duro.) 902. 1862. Ceuta. Reglamento del regimiento de Caballeria de Ceuta. Madrid. (Duro.) 903. 1862. Direccion de Hidrographia—Derretero de las costas occidentales de Africa, redactado en la Direccion de II. con presencia de las publicaciones mas recientes. Comprende desde Tanger hasta la bahia de Algoa. Madrid: 4to, with views of the Coast. 904. 1862. Lafuente y Alcantara Don Emilio.—Catalogo de los Codices Arabigos adquiridos en Tetuan par el Gobierno de S.M. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 80. Contains a list of 233 MSS. VOL. III. 2 B 344 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 905. 1862. Martino, Giuseppe de. —Commercio e Navigazione nel Marocco. Bolletino consolare, June, pp. 325-373. SLnor de Martino was the Italian Consul-General in Tangier. 908. 1862. Rolilfs, Gerhard. Tagebuch einer Beise durch die siidliclien Provinzen Marokko, 1862. Petermann, Geogr Mittli., October, pp. 360-370. Narrative of a journey in the southern provinces of Morocco. 907. 1862. Brehm, A. E. —Beiseskizzen aus Nord-Ost-Afrika vom Jalirc 1847 bis 52. Jena: 8vo, 3 vol. pp. 376, 272, 358. The last only treats of Morocco. 908. 1863. British Order in Council, extending the Eegulations for prevent¬ ing Collision at Sea to the Ships of. . . .Morocco. Dated 27 th July. Hertslet’s ‘ Treaties,’ vol. xi. p. 1089. Modified by the Order in Council of the 30th July, 1868. 1. c., vol. xii. p. 1113. 909. 1863. Judas. —Sur l’Ecriture et la Langue berbere dans l’antiquite et de nos jours. Paris : 8vo. 910. 1863. Berbrugger, L. A. —Les Colonnes d’Hercule, excursions a Tangcr, Gibraltar, etc. Alger, Paris: 18mo, pp. 131. This first appeared in the Aklrbar, and is, as the author states, “ la simple reunion de notes de voyage.” 911. 1863. Yriarte, Charles. —Sous la Tente, souvenirs du Maroc, recit des Guerre et de Yoyage. Paris : 12mo, pp. 316. The author was correspondent of the Monde lllustre during the War of Morocco, 1859. 912. 1863. De Forcade la Roquette. —Bapport presente an conseil superieur de commerce, etc., sur la Commerce et la Navigation de l’Algerie. Alger: 4to, pp. 295. This gives much interesting information regarding the overland commerce between Algeria and Morocco. 913. 1863. Schlagintweit, Eduard. —Der Spaniscli-marokkanische Ivrieg in den Jahren 1859 und 1860. Mit Beniitzung der vorliandenen Quellen und nacli eigener Beobachtung. Leipzig: 8vo, pp. xii. + 381, with a Map of North Morocco. 914 . - Ethnographische Skizzen aus Marokko. Das Ausland, No. 25, pp. 586-590. 915. 1863. Beynet. —Les Drames du Desert, scenes de la vie arabe sur les frontieres du Maroc. Paris : 8vo. 916. 1863. Saint-Martin, Vivien de. —Le Nord de l’Afrique dans l’Antiquite Grecque et Bomaine; Stride historique et geographique. Ouvrage couronne en 1860 par l’Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres. Accompagne de quatre Cartes. Paris : 8vo, pp. xix. and 519. 917. 1863. Ceuta. Ordenanzas Municipales de Ceuta. Un Cuaderno en 4to, Bib. del Consejo de Estado. (Duro.) 918. 1863. Moutbe, Hauptm. A. v. Der Feldzug der Spanier in Marokko 1859 und 1860, much dem iSpanischen Operations-Journal. Mit 2 Ivarten und 3 Planen. Osterr. Militarische Zeitschrift, 1863, Heft 9, et seq. This is a translation of No. 895, and consists of three portions : 1st, the Journal of Military Operations; 2nd, Topography; 3rd, Views of principal places in Morocco. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 345 919. 1863. Rohlfs, Gerhard.—Aus Wegesack. Tagebuch einer Reise durch die Siidlichen Provinzen von Marokko, 1862. Petermann’s Geogr. Mittheilungen, pp. 360-370; also a short notice, p. 276. 920. 1863. Regolamento suite Protezioni Consolai’i, Tangeri.—Trattati e Convenzioni conchiusi dal llegno d’ltalia. Eoma, vol. viii., p. 523. 921. - The French “ Reglement sur la Protection.” lie Clercq’s Piec. des Traites, t. xv., p. 472. 922. 1864. Forster, John. —Sir John Eliot; a Biography, 1590-1632. London: 2 vol. 8vo. Pages 316-321, and p. 428 (footnote), refer to the Barbary pirates.—See also Quart. Rev., 1865, p. 64. 923. 1864. Montefiore, Sir Moses.—Narrative of a Mission to the Empire of Morocco. 1863-64. London, 8vo [privately printed]. Partly translated in “ Missione di Morocco, Giornale di viaggo ” (Trieste, 1864, 8vo, pp. 12). 924. 1864. Reade, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Morocco for the year 1863. Consular Comm. Reports between July 1,1863, and June 30,1864, p. 176.. 925. 1864. Ricque, Dr. C.—Recherches ethnologiques sur les populations Musulmanes du Nord de l’Afrique. Paris : 8vo, 15 pp. (From Revue d’Orient, de l’Algerie et des Colonies.) 926. 1864. Resume de l’Histoire ancienne de l’Algerie et de la regence de Tunis et du Maroc avant la conquete Mussulmane. Paris. (De la Martiniere.) 927. 1864. Champlouis, M. Nau De, Capitaine an Corps Imperial d’Etat- major.—Notice sur la carte de l’Afrique sous la domination des Romains, dressee au Depot de la Guerre d’apres les travaux de M. Fr. Lacroix, par ordre de S.E. le Marechal Comte Randon, Min. de la Guerre. Paris: 4to, pp. 46. The map in question is in two large sheets (2,000,000°), and includes the whole district between the Cyrenaica and the Atlantic.—See also L’Ann. Geogr., t. iii. p. 110. 928. 1864. Mouchez, Capitaine.—Expose des Operations geodesiques exe- cutees dans la reconnaissance du detroit de Gibraltar et de la cote nord du Maroc en 1854 et 1855 par M. Boutroux, Ingenieur hydrographique. Ann. Hydr. Paris: 1863, 4 e trimestre ; 1864, l er trim., and separately 8vo, pp. 19, 2 plates. 929. 1864. Beynet, Leon.—Les Drarnes du Desert. Scenes de la Vie Arabe sur les frontieres du Maroc. Paris : 12mo. 930. 1864. Da Cunha, Luiz Maria do Couto de Albuquerque.—Me- morias para a historia da praca de Mazagao .... revistas helo socio effectivo Levy Maria Jordao. One of the publications of the Academia Real das Sciencias de- Lisboa. Lisboa: 4to, pp. ii.+ 176. The author born at Lisbon in 1828; died at St. Thome in 1860. 931. 1864. Merry, Francisco y Colom., Minister of Spain in Morocco.— lielacion del Yiaje a la Ciudad de Marruecos que por disposicion del Excrno. Sr. D. Manuel Pando, Marques de Miraflores, primer Secretario de estado, verified en el Mes de Mayo de 1863. Madrid: 4to. Interesting aud concise. See also No. 406. 932. -Un Yiaje a Fez. Revista de Espana, t. ii., pp. 394. 933. 1864. Ataque de las Kabilas.— A la Guarnicion de Melilla, en el acto de reconocer el campo. Gaceta de Madrid, 6 de Agosto. (Duro.) 2 c 2 34G A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. In consequence of this attack a Spanish expedition was ordered against the Biff, and at the same time the army of the Sultan proceeded against the offenders. 934. 1864. Veer, G-. de. —Prinz Heinrich der Seefahrer und seine Zeit. Dan¬ zig : 8vo, pp. 290, with 2 maps. A good account of Dom Ilenrique’s expeditions against Ceuta and Tangier. 935. 1864. Rohlfs, Gerhard. —Briefe aus Algerien und Marokko, Oktober, 1863 bis April, 1864. Peterm., Geogr. Mittli., pp. 336-342. 936. -Voyage de Gerhard Bohlfs du Maroc a Tembouctou. Nouv. Ann. des Voyages, December, 1863. 937. 1865. Hodgkin, Dr. Thomas. —Notes of some superficial Geological Appearances observed in the NAV. portion of Morocco, on a visit to Tangier, and a coasting voyage to Mogador, a land journey thence to Morocco, and from that city to Mazagan, and in the voyage thence to Gibraltar by way of Tangier. Proc. Boy. Geogr. Soc., vol. ix., pp. 24-27. Subsequently published as an appendix to the author’s work, No. 960. 938. 1865. Oli viera, Benjamin. —A visit to the Spanish Camp in Morocco, during the late war. London : 8vo. (Privately printed.) 939. 1865. Convention between Great Britain and other European nations, and Morocco relative to the establishment and maintenance of a Lighthouse on Cape Spartel. In the French and Arabic languages. Signed at Tangier, 31 May. Hertslet’s Treaties, vol. xii., p. 658; Marten’s Nouv. Bee. Gen. de Tr., t. 20, pp. 350. 940. 1865. Woolridge, Vice-Consul. —Beport on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for the year 1864. Cons. Comm. Bep., Pt. i., pp. 254. 941. 1865. Duncan, Vice-Consul. —Beport on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., pp. 255. 942. 1865. Stokes, Vice-Consul. —Beport on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., pp. 25(n 943. 1865. Elton, Vice-Consul.— Beport on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., pp. 257. 944. 1865. White, Consul. —Beport on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., pp. 258. 945. 1865. Hay, Vice-Consul James. —Beport on the Trade of Babat. 1. c., pp. 263. 946. 1865. Carstensen, Vice-Consul. —Beport on the Trade of Saffee. 1. c., pp. 267. 947. 1865. Berbrugger, A. —Siege de Melilla par les Marocains a la fin du 17° sidcle et commencement du suivant. Bev. Afr., vol. ix., pp. 366. He gives two unpublished documents contained in a volume numbered 1686 in the library of the Government General at Algiers. They are written by Don Domingo de Canal y Soldevila, Governor of Melilla to the Duke d’Hijar. 948. 1S65-1S82. Lavayssidre, P.—Stations dans l’Empire du Maroc. 5 Bro¬ chures printed in 1865, 1870, 1876, 1879, 1882, at Limoges (de la Martiniere). 949. 1865. Mogador.—Anuario de Madrid 1865; and Nautical Magazine, 166, pp. 516-521 ; Nov. 582-588. Dated from Mogador, Dec. 1860. No signature. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 347 950. 1865. Gatell, Joaquin.—Memoria tie las observaciones lieclias durante su viage al Sus y Uad-Nun. Remitida al Ministerio de Estado. MS. ined. en el Archivo del Misme. Contiene:—1. Observaciones generates. 2. Diario de la expedition. 3. Mapa de Uad-Nun. 4. Idem de Tekna. 5. Plano de Agadir Iguir. 6. Aspecte desde el mar de Agadir Iguir. 7. Playa y Costa quo se descubre desde la Muralla de Agadir Iguir y perfil de las montanas del Atlas. 8. Mapa del Sus. 9. Idem de Tarudant. 10. Plano de Auguilmien. 11. Idem de Vina. 12. Embocadura del Guad-Xbika. 14. Plano de Tarfaya. 15. Idem de Saibajarsa. 16. Itinerarios desde Uad-Nun a Tafilete, el Tuet a Turn buktu al Sudan y al Senegal. (Duro.) 951. 1865. Bourguignat, I. It.—Malacologie d’Algerie: ou bistoire natu- relle des animaux mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles, recuellis jusqu’k ce jour dans nos provences du Nord d’Afrique. Paris: 4to, 2 vols., pp. 294, 32 plates, and pp. 380, 26 plates. This fine work contains many Moroccan species. 952. 1865. Stein, Paul. — Schilderungen aus Tanger. Wistermann’s Deutschen Monatsschrift, April, pp. 47-64. 953. 1865. Sayer, Frederic.—The History of Gibraltar and of its political relation to Events in Europe, with original letters from Sir George Elliot, Admiral Colling wood and Lord Nelson. London : 8vo, pp. 534, 2nd ed. (a reprint of the 1st ed., with fresh preface and the addition of 14 pp. on the bone caves). It gives an account of the relations between Morocco and Gibraltar, and (pp. 280, 340, 341) the negotiations with the Sultan during the siege of 1780-83. 954. 1865. Rohlfs.—Neueste Nachrichten von Herrn .... Zeitschrift fur allgemeine Erdkunde, November, 1865, pp. 353-357. Letters directed by Rohlfs to Dr. Barth on the termination of the river of Touat. Contradicted by Duveyrier in ‘Annales des Voyages,’March, 1866, pp. 257-272. 955. - Brief an Herrn Dr. H. Barth. Zeitsch. fur allgem. Erdkunde, Marz, 1865, pp. 227-232. Letter from Dr. Barth on the Arab and Berber population of Morocco. 956. - Neueste Nachrichten von Herrn .... Zeitschrift fiir allgemeine Erdkunde, November, pp. 353-357. 957. - Briefe von .... Peterm., Geogr. Mitth., pp. 70-73. Letters of G. R., written from Tripoli, Algeria and Morocco in October, 1863, and April, 1864. 958. - Tagebuch seiner Reise durcli Marokko nach Tuat. Gotha: 8vo, maps. 1. c., pp. 401-417. 1. Abschnitt: Reise von Tanger bis Ued-Sidi-Hassan, 14 Marz bis 9 Mai 1864. 1. c., p. 82, map 4. 2. Abschnitt: Reise von Uled-Sidi-lIassan bis Karsas im Ued Ssaura, 10 Mai bis 25 Juli. 1. c., p. 165, map 6. 3. Abschnitt: Reise von Karsas im Ued Ssaura nach ain Salah, 29 Juli bis 17 September, und allgemeine Beschreibung von Tuat. 1. c., p. 402, map 14, and 1886, p. 119. 959. 1866. Nicholl, John.—Some account of the Worshipful Company of Ironmongers, compiled from their own records and other authentic sources of information. London : privately printed, 4to, pp. 637 and xlviii. 348 A BIBLIOGRAPHY" OF MOROCCO. This contains an account of John Betton, who left half his fortune for the redemption of slaves in Barbary. In 1750 the Emperor of Morocco made a demand for £17,000 out of this fund, p. 340. The company actually paid £7,647 in that year, and lesser sums every year till the reduction of Algiers by Lord Exmouth. What remained of the money was distributed under an order of the Court of Chancery. 960. 1866. Hodgkin, Thomas, M.D.—Narrative of a Journey to Morocco in 1863-64, with geological annotations. London : 8vo, pp. 183, with map and illustrations. This is an account of Sir Moses Montefiore's visit. See also Nos. 923, 937. 961. 1866. Woolridge, Vice-Consul.—Report on the trade of Dar-el-Baida during 1865. Cons. Comm. Reports, Part i., pp. 171. Duncan, Vice-Consul.—Report on the trade of Laraiclie. 1. c., Stokes, Vice-Consul.—Report on the trade of Mazagan. 1. c., 962. 1866. pp. 173. 963. 1866. pp. 174. 964. 1866. Carstensen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., pp. 175. 965. 1866. White, Consul.—Report on the trade of Morocco. 1. c., pp. 176. 966. 1866. pp. 179. 967. 1866. pp. 181. 968. 1866. Hay, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., Elton, Vice-Consul.—Report on the trade of Saffee. 1. c., Green, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Tetuan. ]. c., pp. 182. A most interesting report on the history and condition of the province. 969. 1867. Tauxier, H.—La Libye ancienne des Colonnes d’Hercule au fleuve Sala. Ann. des Voy., October, pp. 5-71. 970. 1866. Berbrugger, A.—Une lettre inedite d’un Empereur du Maroc, 1578. Rev. Afr., vol. x., pp. 451-172. 971. 1866. D’Antas, Miguel, Portuguese Ambassador at London. — Les Faux Don Sebastian. Paris: 8vo. This contains an interesting account of the tragedy known in Portuguese history as the battle of Alcassar el Kebir, in which Dom Sebastian was killed. A translated abstract of it is given by Dr. Leared. See No. 1317. 972. 1866. Hellwald, Ferdinand de, voyage d’Adrien Matham au Maroc (1640-1641).—Journal de voyage publie pour la premiere fois, avec notice biographique de 1’Auteur, introduction et notes. La Idaye: 8vo, pp. vi. + 87. The author was a painter of Harlem, who accompanied the Embassy of Admiral Antoine Liedekerke, sent by the Government of Holland to the Sultan of Morocco. The MS. from which this journal is published forms the 37th vol. of a work only found in the Imperial library at Vienna, a special edition of the celebrated atlas of Jean Blaeu. It contains a map of Africa, several views of Tangier, and a fine MS. entitled: Journael vande Ambassade vanden Heer Antlionis de LiedeJcerJce ivegens haer Ho. Mo. de Heeren staeten Generael van de vereniclide Nederlav den gesonden naer den Coninck van Marocco, welk A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 349 lournciel gehouden is op liet schip * Gelderlandt ’ door Adriaen Matham constrijk schilder die de naer volgende tclceningen ooJc heeft gemaeckt .” In the MS. itself are 31 original drawings, by the artist, of places and persons in Morocco. Liedekerke left Saffi on the 7tli March, 1641, visited the Sultan at Mera- kish, and rejoined his ship on the 22nd May. Thence he sailed to Agadir, where he embarked the forty-live slaves whose ransom he had paid. Hellwald gives the MS. in the original Dutch, and precedes it by a valuable Apergu liistorigue des Voyages au Maroc jusqiCa nos jours. 973. 1866-72. Mas Latrie, le Comte L. de.—Traites de Paix et de Com¬ merce et documents divers concernant les relations des chretiens avec les Arabes de l’Afrique septentrionale au moyen age, publies avec une introduction histo- rique. Paris: 4to, 2nd ed., 1868. In three parts. Part I. (Preface and historical introduction), pp. xxvii : 343. Part II. (Documents regarding Christian relations with the Arabs), pp. 402. Supplementary (1872), pp. 118, with Chronological tables, Glossaries, Documents and Index. Full of valuable information regarding Morocco, and the relations between that country and the Christian Powers of the Mediterranean. The documents in the Second part and Supplement relating to Morocco are:—(1) a.d. 1138. Treaty in which the Marseillais contract an alliance with the Republic of Genoa for ten years, and promise that should the Republic either obtain for them a treaty with the King of Morocco, or agree to defend them against the said king for ten years, they should pay all expenses, p. 88. (2) 1160 or 1161. Extract from Caffaro, con¬ cerning a treaty concluded for fifteen years by an envoy of Genoa, with the Almohadite king of Morocco, Abd-el-Mumin, p. 108. (3) 1226, 17th May. Pope Honorius III. authorises the Preaching Friars and the Minor Brothers staying in Morocco to wear their beards, p. 9. (4) 1237, 12th June. Pope Gregory IX. congratulates himself on the state of the Church in Morocco, and announces to the native churches that he has sent a bishop to them, p. 11. (5) 1245, 24th Sept. Pope Innocent IV. authorises the Knights of St. James to accept the gift which the King of Sail! appears willing to make them in the shape of his States on demanding baptism, p. 12. (6) 1246, 25th Oct. Innocent IV. begs the Kings of Tunis, of Ceuta, and of Bugia, to grant their protection to the Bishop of Morocco, and to the minor members of the religious fraternities, p. 13. (7) 1246, 31st Oct. Innocent IV. thanks the King of Morocco for the benefits which he, like his predecessors, had conferred on the Church, p. 14. (8) 1246, 19th Dec. Innocent IV. announces to the African Christians the nomination of Loup as the new Bishop of Morocco, p. 15. (9) 1251,16th March. Innocent IV. begs the new King of Morocco to arrange places of security on the sea coast for the Christians of his realm, p. 16. (10) 1274, 18th Nov. Treaty between Abu-Yussuf Yakub, King of Morocco, personally present at Barcelona, and James I., King of Aragon and Majorca, Seigneur of Montpellier, who pro¬ mised the King of Morocco ten ships and 500 knights for the conquest of Ceuta, p. 285. (11) 1290, 9th Feb. Pope Kicolas IV. recommends to the Knights and the men at arms serving in the armies of the Kings of Morocco, Tunis and Tlemfen, to always live the Christian life in the midst of the Infidels, p. 17. (12) 1302, 1st June. The Magistrates of Barcelona petition the King of Morocco to permit the exportation of wheat to Barcelona, p. 291. (13) 1309, 3rd May. A Letter of James II., King of Aragon, to Abu-Rebia Suliman, 350 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. King of Morocco, offering the basis of a treaty of alliance against all the Moorish kings, particularly against the King of Granada, who was master of Ceuta; Instructions to Don Jaspert, Yiscount of Castelnau, charging him to leave for Morocco with the fleet of Aragon, p. 297. (14) 1323, 1st May. Letter of James II., King of Aragon, to Abu-Said Othman, King of Morocco, and instructions to Eomain de Corbiere, Envoy to Morocco, p. 315. (15) 1339, 15th April. Treaty made at Tlemcen for Ten Years between James II., King of Majorca and Seigneur of Montpellier, and Abul-Hassan Ali, King of Morocco, by the intermediary of Almaric de Narbonne, p. 192. (15) 1339, 1st May. Treaty made at Madrid between the King of Aragon and the King of Castile, to make war on the King of Benimaren, or of Morocco, Suppl. p. 63. (16) 1344, 18th Oct. Abul-Hassan Ali, King of Morocco, having received information of a treaty having been resolved upon between Abu-l-hej-aj Yussuf I., King of Granada, on the one part, and the Genoese and Catalans on the other, approves of the conditions of the treaty, and informs the King of Granada that should they so desire it, the Genoese and Catalans will be included in a treaty which he is on the eve of concluding with the King of Castile, Suppl., p. 64. (17) 1344, 17th Dec. Abu-l-hejaj Yussuf I., King of Granada, authorised by the Emir Al-Mumenin Abul-Hassan Ali, King of Morocco, to conclude definitively a treaty of peace projected between the Kingdoms of Granada and Aragon (and the Genoese), giving plenary powers to his Secretary to ratify this treaty, Suppl., p. 65. (18) 1357, 10th Aug. Letter of Peter IV., King of Aragon, to Abu-Einan, King of Morocco, extending for five years the last treaty for five years concluded at Saragossa, p. 325. (19) Letter of Peter IV., King of Aragon, to Abu-Einan, King of Morocco, trying h> persuade him to accord the help asked by the King of Castile against Don Fernand, Seigneur of Albarassin, p. 327. (20) 1388, 1st Sept. John I. King of Aragon, authorises Gilabert Eovira of Tortosa to leave for the Kingdom of Fez, with fifty men at arms “ et decern mulieres publicas ad servitium eorumdem,” to take part in the war against the Saracens, Suppl. p. 69. The peculiar camp-folloAvers mentioned were such regular accompani¬ ments of Spanish and other armies, that even Saint Louis had to tolerate their presence; and the force raised in Italy in 1567 by the Duke of Alva, to take service in Flanders, though it did not consist of more than 10,000 or 12,000 men, was followed by so great a number of the persons mentioned, that they formed a company of 800 infantry and a squadron of 400 cavalry, each under a chief and carrying a flag.—Brantome, Le Due cVAlbe, t. i., p. 106, etc. (21) 1390, 18th April and 7th May. Eeceipt of Jean de Bethencourt (the Conqueror of the Canaries) for the sum of one hundred francs, granted him by the Duke of Touraine to help his journey to Barbary. Eeceipt of Gadiffer de la Salle for the sum of two hundred francs received for the same purpose, p. 102. (22) Pragmatic Sanction, given at Burgos, of Ferdinand the Catholic, imposing 50 per cent, duty on woollen stuffs of foreign origin imported into the towns of Bugia, Tripoli and Algiers, or any other of the African posses¬ sions of the Crown of Aragon, p. 338. Several of the other papers have indirect reference to Morocco. The latest is dated 1540, though it is evident that many are lacking. There are, for example, none touching the relations of England and North Africa in the Middle Ages. 974. 1866. Dozy, R., et M. I. de Goeje.—Description de l’Afrique et de l’Espagne par Edrisi. Texte Arabe public pour la premiere fois d’apres les Manuscrits de Paris et d’Oxford, avec une Traduction, des Notes et un Glossaire. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 351 Leyde : 8vo, pp. xxiii. 391-rr r. The Arabic title is— j*a *o j l— &SL>a 1n -?. ^ u-Aa^ 0 ~Aj * ^ See No. 17. This edition corrects the many errors of Jaubert. No. 589. 975. 1866. Rohlfs, Gerhard.—Neueste Briefe von Gerhard Rohlfs und Riick- blick auf seine bisherigen Reisen in Afrika in den Jahren 1861 bis 1865. Peterm., Geogr. Mitth., pp. 3-3, map. No. 2. 976. - Tagebuch seiner Reise von Tuat nach Rhadames, 1861. l.c., pp. 8-26. 977. --Rcsultate der Rohlf’schen Hohenmessungen in Marokko und Tuat. l.c., pp. 119. 978. -Reise liber den Marokkanischen Atlas nach Tuat. 1. c., pp. 35. 979. -Nachricliten von Gerhard Rohlfs. 1. c., pp. 235 ; 263-305. 980. -Memoire zur Ivartc von G. Rohlfs Reise durch die Oasen von Tuat und Tidikelt, 1864, von B. Hassenstein. 1, c., pp. 53-61. 981. -Nachricliten von Gerhard Rohlfs. 1. c., pp. 118, 227-230. 982. -Briefe von Gerhard Rohlfs aus Bilma. 1. c., pp. 368-356. 983. -Resume liistorique et geographique de l’Exploration de G. Rohlfs au Touat et a In-calah d’apres le journal de ce voyageur, publie par les soins d’Aug. Petermann, Annales des voyages, 1866, par Y. A. Malte-Brun. pp. 49 et seq. and map. 984. 1866. Mogador. — Anuario de Madrid, 1S65, and Nautical Magazine, October, 1866, pp. 515-582, and November, pp. 582-588. Description of the town, country and climate. 985. 1866. Magno de Castilho, Alexander.—Descrip^ao e roheiro da costa occidental di Africa, desde o cabo de Espartel ate’ o das Agulhas. Lisboa: 8vo, pp. 430, with 8 maps. 988. 1867. Drake, C. F. Tyrwhitt.—Notes on the Birds of Tangier and Eastern Morocco. Ibis: 1867, p. 421. 987. -List of birds observed in Morocco. 1. c., p. 426. 988. 1867. Woolridge, Vice-Consul Frank.—Report on the Trade of Dar- el-Beida for 1866. Cons. Comm. Reports, pt. i., p. 304. 989. 1867. Duncan, Vice-Consul Alex. 33. T.—Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., pp. 306. 990. 1867. Stokes, Vice-Consul Octavius.—Report on the Trade of Maza- gan. 1. c., pp. 307. 991. 1867. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., p. 308. 992. 1867. St. Chaffray, Alfred, Acting Vice-Consul. — Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 311. 993. 1867. Elton, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 313. 994. 1867. Green, Consul W. K.—Report on the Trade of Tetuan. 1. c., p. 315. 995. 1867. Mogador.—Annales hydrographiques, pp. 137. (De la Martiniere.) 352 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 996. 1867. Mogador.—Ygl. z. cl. Gcscb. fiir Erdkunde, ii. 67, p. 470. Berlin. (De la Martiniere.) 997. 1867. Beaumier, Aug., Consul de France h, Mogador.—Le Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, 5 e Ser., t. xiv., p. 5-51. Also separately, Paris, 8vo, pp. 47. A Memoir communicated By the Ministry of For. Aff. 998. 1867. Gilbert, J.—Note sur la province de Cliaouya. Bull, de la Soc. de Geogr. de Paris, Mars 1867, pp. 325—327. 999. 1867. Ibn Khaldun.—Ketahu ’1 Ibr wa Div an ul-Mubtoda : ♦ j} cj General History of the Arabs, the Persians, and the Berbers (Mauritanians), by Abu Zaid Abd-er-Pahman bin Khaldun, in Arabic , 7 vols. and Supplement to vol. ii., together 8 vols. Bulak: a.h. 1284, royal 8vo, with a lengthy introduction —or “ Mukaddamah ”—to the science of history. See Nos. 29, 632, 738, 789. 1000. 1867. Duval, Jules.—Un Ouvrier-Voyageur, Eene Caillie. Paris : 12mo, pp. 52. 1001. 1867. Lagrange, Dr. A.—Plantes des environs de Danger en Maroc. 8vo, pp. 11. This list while in the author’s autograph was not published. It gives a list of the Spring plants within six or eight leagues of Tangier, many of the specimens being collected by Madame Octavie Lagrange, who produced, also in autograph, a small 8vo volume, ‘ Souvenirs de Yoyage en Algerie et en Tunisie’ (1868), giving an account of her travels in the Barbary States. A sixteenth of Dr. Lagrange’s plants are new to Morocco. 1002. 1867. Dastugue, Lt.-Col. H.—Quelques Mots au sujet de Tafilet et de Sidjilmassa. Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, 5th Ser., t. xiii., p. 337. The author’s object is to show that Sijelmassa existed until the commence¬ ment of the 19th century. He gives three maps—1, Tafilala, properly so-called ; 2, the districts of YVad-er-Reteb, and of Medaghera to the north of the above- mentioned place; and 3, the entire country which forms the Government of Tafilala. 1003. 1867. La Ville de Maroc, son Ilistoire et les Mceurs de ses habitants. ‘ Moniteur Universel,’ lOtli Jan. 1004. 1867. Gilbert, Th.—Observations Meteorologiques faites a Casa Blanca, Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 1867, pp. 698-700. 1005. 1867. Rohlfs, Gerhard.—Petermann’s Geogr, Mittheil.: Die Expedition von, p. 217. Efickkehr aus Afrika, seine Durchschneidung des Continents, p. 311; Nachricliten, p. 34; Gerficht seiner Ermordung in Wadai, p. 275. 1006. -E eise d. Marokko, Uebersteig. des Grossen Atlas, Exploration der Oasen von Tafilet, Tuat und Tidikelt und Eeise durch die grosse Wiiste fiber Eliadames nach Tripoli. Bremen : 8vo, pp. 200, with map. 4th ed. Norden, 1884, pp. 278. 1007. - Account of a Journey across the Atlas Mountains and through the Oases Tuat and Tidikelt to Tripoli by way of Ghadames in the year 1864. Proc. E. Geogr. Soc., Lond., vol. ix. No. vi. pp. 312-314. 1008. - Uebersicht von G. E. Eeise durcli Afrika, 1866 bis 1867, pp. 372, map. 1009. 1867. Report on the Commerce of Tangier, 1866. Versammlung von Konsulare Berichten, s. 38. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 353 1010. 1867. San Martin, Antonio de.—Costumbres de Marruecos Arbites in ‘ El Museo Universal,’ Madrid, 13 in number. (Duro.) 1011. 1867. Tyrwhitt-Drake, C. F.—List of Birds observed in Morocco. Ibis: pp. 426. 1012. 1868. Wooldridge, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade and Commerce of Dar-el-Baida for 1867. For. Off. Comm. Rep., Pt. i., p. 474. 1013. 1868. Duncan, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., p. 476. 1014. 1868. Stokes, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 477. 1015. 1868. Carstensen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., p. 478. 1016. 1868. Smith, Vice-Consul Cecil.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 480. 1017. 1868. Elton, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffee. 1. c., p. 483. 1018. 1868. Green, Vice-Consul W. K.—Report on the Trade of Tetuan. 1. c., p. 487. 1019. 1868. Livet, Charles.—Rapport sur les documents relatif a l’Histoire de France, conserves aux Archives de la Torre do Tombo a Lisbonne. Arch, des Missions Scientifiques et Litteraires. Paris : t. v., pp. 63-137. Many of these are connected with Morocco. The following are a few:— 9. Azevedo, D. Manoel d’, ambassadeur, Lettre au Secretaire d’etat . . . sur ce qui se passait k l’egard du Maroc, 14 Sep. 1521. 33. Carvalho, Alvaro de, Gouverneur de Mazagan. . . . Secours a un Navire Francais. 99. Mendes de Yasconcellos Joao, Lettre au Roi du sujet du Maroc, Siege d’Oran, &c., 7 Sep. 1512. 152. Deposition de D. Fernando de Castro, Comte de Basto, sur la perte du Roi D. Sebastien a la Bataille d’Alcacar-el-Kebir, 9 Juin 1592. 1020. 1868. Major, It. H.—Life of Prince Henry of Portugal. London : 8vo. Giving an account of his campaigns against Morocco. 1021. 1868. Schatzungen der Ortsbevolkerungen Afrika’s, Geograpliische Jahrbuch, Bd. ii., 1868, pp. 111-120. 1022. 1868. Balansa, B.—Voyage de Mogador a Maroc au point de vue botanique. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, No. 27, pp. 312-334. This botanical collector (ob. 1892) penetrated Morocco to the Atlas. His plants were described by Durrieu de Maisoneuve, Boissier, Reuter, Ball an Cosson, which last in his ‘Compendium Flora Atlanticre,’vol. i., pp. 16-17, gives a synopsis of his journeys. 1023. 1868. An Empire without a Doctor. ‘St, James’s Magazine’ (London). June, vol. 1, n.s. pp. 975-980. 1024. 1868. Lambert, Paul.—Notice sur la Ville de Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 5 e Ser. t. xxi. pp. 430-447. 1025. 1868. Thevenin, Dr.—Du climat de Mogador sous le rapport des affections pulmonaires. 1. c., pp. 335-339. 1026. 1868. Gilbert, T.—Observations Meteorologiques faites a Casa-Blanca. 1. c. pp. 403-405 ; t. xxii. pp. 88-99. 1027. 1868. Jerez Perchet, Augusto.—Viage a la Costa de Africa. Melilla, Chafarinas, Cabo del Agua. ‘ Museo Universal. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 150. 354 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1028. 1868. Murga, Josd M. de.—Becuerdos Marroquies del Moro Vizcaino (a) El Hach Mohamed el Bagdady. Bilbao : 4to. 1029. 1868. El-Hach Mohamed el-Bagdady.—Becuerdos Marroquies del Moro vizcaino Jose Maria de Murga, El Hach Mohamed el Bagdady, Los Benegados, Origen de los Cherifs, Batalla de Alcazar, Contrastes entre espanoles y berberiscos, Los Dein Chifa, Apuntes sobre las razas que habitan en Marroccos, Moros, Arabes, Bereberes, Negros y Judios, Maximas evangelicas, La ley del Talion. Bilbao : 4to. The most interesting of his articles is “Los Benegados, Monografia de una familia proxima a extinguirse, y que no fue descrita por Buffon, La describe Jose Maria de Murga que fue individuo de ella in partibus INFIDELIUM.” 1030. 1868. Rolilfs, Gerhard.—-Seise durcli Marokko, Uebersteigung des grossen Atlas, Exploration des Oasen v. Tafilet, Tuat, u. Tidikeldtu. Beise durcli die grosse Wiiste lib. Bhadames nach Tripoli. Bremen : 8vo, pp. 200, with map and portrait. 1031. 1868. Beaumier, Aug.—Excursion de Mogador a Saffy. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 3 e Ser. (April), t. xv. pp. 305-311; also separately, pp. 34, with map. 1032. - Itineraire de Mogador a Maroc et de Maroc a Saffy. 1. c. (October), t. xvi., p. 321. 1033. - Description Sommaire de Maroc. Paris: 8vo, pp. 10-44; also published in Ann. des Voy. 1870. 1034. 1868. Maltzan, Heinr. Freiherr von.—Drei Jahre im Nordwesten von Afrika. Beisen in Algerien und Morokko. Leipzig: 4 vols. pp. 1247, plates and map. An interesting work, the result of seven successive voyages by an ardent and intelligent traveller. The fourth volume is on Morocco-Tangier, the Coast towns and Merakish. 1035. 1869. Drake, C. F. Tyrwhitt.—-Further Notes on the Birds of Morocco. Ibis, 1869, pp. 147. See also No. 1011. 1036. 1869. Wooldridge, Acting Vice-Consul.—Beport on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1868. Cons. Comm. Bep. p. 370. 1037. 1869. Stokes, Vice-Consul.—Beport on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 372. 1038. 1869. Woolridge, Vice-Consul.—Beport on the Trade of Babat. 1. c., p. 373. 1039. 1869. Elton, Vice-Consul.—Beport on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 377. 1040. 1869. White, Consul.—Beport on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., p. 379. 1041. 1869. Desjardins, Ernest.—La Table de Peutinger d’apres l’original conserve a Vienne, prdeedee d’une introduction historique et critique. Paris : folio. 1042. 1869. Joubert, Andrd.—De Cadix a Tanger. Bev. dAngers. (De la Martiniere.) 1043. 1869. Gatell, Joaquin (Ka'id Ismail).—L’Ouad Noun et la Tekna, a la cote occidentale du Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, Oct., vol. xviii., pp. 257-287, with map. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 355 1044. 1869. Gatell, Joaquin (Kaid Ismail).—Yiages por Marruecos, el Sus, Vad-Nun, y Tekna. Madrid: 8vo. 1045. 1869. Apergu et Sommaire du Commerce des Id tats barbaresques en 1866 et 1867. Mouvement Maritime et Commercial des ports de Tanger, Rabat, Sale, Casablanca, Mazagran et Saffi. Ann. Com. exter. Paris, Aout. 1046. 1869. Butler, Guillermo. — Documentos' relativos el cautiverio de espaiioles en Cad-Nun. Cadiz : 4to, pp. 34; also in 4 Revista Medica,’ Bomba 1. The documents in question give the history of the attempt to create a com¬ merce between the Canaries and the Wad-Nun, the captivity and subsequent liberation of the parties concerned. In the Rev. Med. for 1870 the subject is continued, and the correspondence given between Don G. Butler (“Butler, Abrines”)—a Spanish subject but of English descent—and the legation at Tangier. 1047. 1869. Tratado de paz y Amistad celebrado entre Espaiia y Marruecos, firmado en Tetuan el 26 de Abril de 1860. Colec. Janer. (Duro.) 1048. 1869. Jerez Perchet, Augusto.—Cuatro dias en el Riff Museo Universal. Madrid : 8vo, pp. 291. 1049. 1869. Beaumont, Pedro.—Memoria sobra la plaza de Melilla formadas con acuerdo de la Comision de ofidales facultativos de todas armas, nombrada para el reconocimiento en 1869. MS. in the Spanish Ministry of War quoted in Conf. sobre el Hach Moh. el Baglidady. 1050. 1869. Fernandez Duro, Cesareo.—Anuario de la Comision de pesca para los anos de 1868 y 1869. 4to. (Duro.) This treats of the fishery on the west coast of Africa by boats from the Canary Islands. 1051. 1869. Manega, It. — Marokko’s Handel. Dcr Weltliandcl, 1 Jahrg. Heft 6, pp. 303-307. 1052. 1869. Schaefer.—Negociations des villes lianseatiques avec le Sultan de Maroc. Historische Zeitschrift, No. 3. 1053. 1870. Craig, J., Engineer.—Un Apercu sur le Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 5° Ser. xix., pp. 177-203. This is a translation from the English original by Paul Voelkel. 1054. 1870. Picatier, Ad.—Exploits d’un Officier francais dans le Maroc. Paris : 2nd edition, pp. 108. 1055. 1870. Mordokhai, Rabbi Abi-Serour de Akka.—Premier Establissement des Israelites a Timbouktou, par Auguste Beaumier, Consul de France a Mogador. This, with the exception of a few introductory remarks, is the translation of an account of a journey by the Rabbi Mordokhai. He started from his native place, Akka, an oasis south-west of Merakish, the first after leaving Agadir, and reached Timbuktu, wherein he gives a curious account of the Jewish colony there and the half Pagan half Moslem races, believed to be Jews, whom he met on the way. Bulletin de la Soc. de Geog. Paris, April and May, pp. 345-370, with portrait of Mordokhai (Le Rabbin Mardochee) and map. The paper has also been published separately (Paris, 8vo, pp. 30) and partly translated (Reisen much Timbuktu) in Petermann’s Geographiscke Mittheilungen, Bd. 10, pp. 335-336. 1056. 1870. Meulemans, Auguste.—L’Empire du Maroc et ses relations com- 356 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. merciales avee la Belgique. Bruxelles : 8vo, pp. 15. Extracted from the ‘ Revue de Belgique,’ vol. iii. p. 355, Dec. 1869. A compilation of no value; the author travelled no further than to the “ Exposition Universelle de Paris.” 1057. 1870. Mourlon, Michel.—Esquisse Geologique sur le Maroc. Bull. Acad, royale de Belgique, vol. xxx., 2 me Serie, No. 7,1870, pp. 18 ; also reprinted for private circulation, 8vo, pp. 18. 1058. 1870. Lopez Botas, Antonio, Diputado constituyente.—Los espanoles cautivos en Marruecos. Observaciones sobre el resultado de los expedientes relativos al establecimiento de relaciones mercantiles entre Espaila y el territorio de Uad Nun, en el imperio de Marruecos, y al cautiverio y rescute de los siibditos espanoles, D. Francisco Puyana, D. Jacobo Butler y D. Jose Silva. Madrid: 4to, pp. 57. Another edition in 1871, pp. 40. (Duro.) 1059. 1870. Memoria sobre la situation de Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeha en la costa N.O. de Africa. Revista General de Marina, Madrid: t. iii., 2 de semestre. 1060. 1870. Erganzungen dazu, namentlich in Bezug auf Marokko, Tunesien, etc. Geographische Jahrbuch, Bd. iii., 1870, pp. 139-141. 1061. 1870. Aus Afrika und Spanien, Erlebnisse und Schilderungen, 2 vols., 8vo. J ena. 1062. 1870. Goeje, M. J. de.—Bibliotheca geographorum arabicorum (5 vols.) Part I. Viae regnorum. Descriptio ditionis moslemicae auctore Abn-Ishak al Farisi al Istakhri. Lugduni Batavorum : 8vo, pp. rF a. See also No. 13. The Arabic title of the work is ^ cil) UU 1063. 1871. Blackmore, William.—A Ride to GebelMousa in North-Western Barbary. Bates’ Illustrated Travels (Cassell’s), pt. xxv., v. iii., pp. 15-22, 1064. - A Visit to the Sultan of Marocco at Fez in the spring of 1871. 1. c., Part xxxiii., pp. 276-282 ; part xxxiv., pp. 310-314; part xxxvi., pp. 364-368. 1065. 1871. Hooker, J. D. — Letters to Sir Roderick Murchison, giving an account of his Ascent of the Atlas. Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. of London, vol. xv., pp. 212-221. 1066. 1871. Drummond Hay, It.—Report on the Artizan and Industrial Classes in Morocco. Further Rep. from H.M. Dip. and Cons. Agents Abroad respecting the condition of the Industrial Classes, pp. 334. 1067. 1871. Mereier, Ernest. — Ethnographie de l’Afrique Septentrionale. Notes sur l’origine du peuple Berbere. Revue Africaine, No. 90, November, pp. 420-435. 1068. 1871. Hares, Sir George S., R.U.—Investigation of the Gibraltar Strait Current. A Report to the Hydrographer of the Admiralty. London : roy. 8vo, with fine chart of both sides of the Strait. 1069. 1871. Dupuis, Vice-Consul.— Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida during the year 1869. Consular Comm. Reports received at F. 0. during 1869-70, p. 598. 1070. 1871. Stokes, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan during 1869. 1. c., p. 801. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1071. 1871. Carstensen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador during 1869. 1. c., p. 602. 1072. 1871. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Morocco for 1869. 1. c., p. 603. 1073. 1871. Woolridge, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat during 1869. 1. c., p. 609. 1074. 1871. Hunot, Acting Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffee Hr 1869. 1. c., p. 617. 1075. 1871. Gfatell, Joachim. —Description de Sous. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 e Serie, i., pp. 81-106, with a map of the district and a plan of Taroudant. 1076. 1871. Beaumier, Aug.—Lettre sur le Maroc. 1. c., p. 131. 1077. 1871. Seux, Dr. A.—Mogador et son Climat. From ‘ Marseille Medical.’ 8vo, pp. 35. 1078. 1871. Kerhallet, C. Philippe de, and A. Le Gras.—Instructions nautiques sur la cote occidentale d’Afrique, comprenant le Maroc, le Sahara et la Senegambie. Paris: 8vo, Ministhre de la Marine, No. 435. See No. 786. 1079. 1871, Picatier, Ad.—Exploits d’un Capitaine franeais dans le Maroc. Paris : 2nd edition, 8vo, pp. 108. (De la Martiniere.) 1080. 1871. San Martin, Antonio de.—Los Riffenos. La Must. Espail. y Americ. Madrid : pp. 574. 1081. 1871. Sanchez Valenzuela, Joaquin. — Historia de los presidios menores de Africa, con interesantes noticias sobre el origen de los Arabes y su religion, description de la parte de la costa berberisca donde estan situadas las plazas espaholas, costumbres de los rifenos, breve reseiia de las expediciones de Espail a contra Africa y de las dominacionas antiquas en Berberia y parecer sobre los puntos que le deben conservar y de las reformas que en ellos es conveniente hacer. M.S. en la Bib. del Minis, de la Guerra. (Duro.) 1082. 1871. Fritsch, Dr. K. von, and Dr. J. J. Rein.—Notizen iiber den Handel von Mogador. Jahresbericht des Vereins fiir Geographie und Statistik zu Frankfurt a. M., 1871-72, pp. 52-57. 1083. 1871. Salingre, E.— Royal Prussian Expedition. — Gerhard Rohlf’s Voyage in Africa, 1869 ; with 40 Photographs from Nature. Fol. Berlin. See also Rohlf’s, G., Afrika-Seise in 1869. In 40 Photographien nach der Natur, aufgenommen von E. Salingre. Fol. Berlin. 1084. 1871-77. Collecion de Libros Raroso Curioso, vol. xv. Espaholes en Africa 1542, 1543, y. 1632. Madrid : 8vo. 1085. 1871. Rohlfs, Gerhard.—Uesan el Dar Demana. Das Ausland, 1871, No. 11, pp. 259-262, No. 12, pp. 272-278. 1086. -Fes, Hauptstadt von Marokko. 1. c., No. 18, p. 420; No. 22, p. 505 ; No. 23, p. 543; No. 24, p. 568; No. 25, p. 586. 1087. -Consulatswesen in Marokko. 1. c., No. 37, p. 880. 1088. - Politische Zustande in Marokko. 1. c., No. 40, p. 942. 1089. -- Die Religion der Marokkaner Globus xx. No. 20, p. 310; No. 22, p. 346 ; No. 23, p. 361. 1090. 1871. “Ben Tarick.”—With the American Embassy from Tangiers to Fez. ‘Dark Blue Magazine’ (London) : Sept, pp, 30-40. 358 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OK MOROCCO. 1091. 1871. Valenzuela, Sanchez. — Historia de los presidios menores de Africa: Me]ilia. A MS. quoted Toy Ovilo (No. 1437, p. 105). He vouches for the author knowing all the customs of the Moors near the Spanish ports. 1092. 1872. Maw, George.—Notes on the Geology of the Plain of Morocco ... with an appendix by E. Etheridge, 1872. ‘Quarterly Journ. Geoh Soc.’ vol. xxviii. (Jan. 10th) pp. 85-102. Plate illustrating the sections described. Discussion by John Ball, Sir Andrew Ramsay, D. Forbes, Sir W. W. Smyth, and Prof. Seeley. This paper, contributed by Mr. Maw, is substantially the same as Appen¬ dix ii. to Hooker and Ball’s “ Tour in Morocco ” (No. 1275), pp. 446-467, though the plates are different. 1093. 1872. Nachrichten ueber Industrie, Handel und Verkehr, aus dem statistischen Department des K.K. Handelsministerium. Vienna: 8vo. This publication, which is issued yearly, usually contains reports by the Austrian Representatives on the industry, trade and traffic of Morocco. 1094. 1872. Wimpffen, General de.—L’expedition de l’Oued Guir. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, Ser. 6, t. iii., pp. 34-52, with map. See also Nos. 1095, 1162, 1295. [This also appeared in German: ‘ Militavische Expedition nach dem Ued Gir in Marokko, Marz bis Mai 1870.’ Petermann, Geogr. Mittheilungen, 1872, vol. xviii. pp. 332-341. Map, No. 18.] 1095. 1872. Kessler, Capit. d’Etat-major.—Lettre a M. le President de la Societe. On the same subject, 1. c., April, pp. 444-6. This expedition took place in March and April 1870, and penetrated as far as Figuig in pursuit of fugitive insurgents from the province of Oran. 1096. 1872. Primaudaie, Elie de la. -— Les Villes Maritimes du Maroc. Commerce—Navigation—Geographie comparee. Rev. Afr., vol. xvi., p. 105, et seq. A very important work. 1097. 1872. Beaumier, Auguste, Consul de France a Mogador.—Tableaux recapitulates des Observations meteorologiques faites au consulat de France a Mogador du 16 Aout 1867 au 31 Decembre 1871. Bull. Soc. Geogr., Paris, 16 me Ser. t. iv., pp. 150, and 308. See also Zeitsch. der Osterr. Gesellschaft fur Meteorologie, viii., 1873, No. 1, pp. 7-8. 1098. - Le Cholera au Maroc. Sa marche au Sahara jusqu’au Senegal, en 1868. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 m0 Ser., t. iii., p. 287-305. With two inte¬ resting maps showing the course and extent of the invasion. 1099. 1872. Fenton, Captain E. Dyne.—Sorties from “Gib.” in quest of Sensation and Sentiment. London: 8vo, pp. 478. A collection of stories and sketches, only one of which—“ The Story I heard at Tangier ” (pp. 29-66)—entitles the book to a place in this list. It contains a sketch of the town full of phenomenal blunders. E.g. the natives are called “ Turks,” and the people described as smoking “ opium.” 1100. 1872. Duveyrier, Henri.—Historique des Explorations au sud et au sud- ouest de Geryville. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 me Ser., t. iv. p. 225. A map is also given, showing the routes of all the expeditions described between 1847 and 1870, several of which are within the frontier of Morocco. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 359 1101. 1872. Desjardins, Ernest.—La colonie Eomaine de Banasa et l’Explora- tion Geographique de la Mauritania Tingitana. Rev. Arch., xxiv., pp. 361-367, with map. Explanation of an inscription forwarded by M. Tissot, which fixes the site of one of the principal Roman cities of Mauritania Tingitana, viz. Colonia Aelia Banasa Valentia, now Sidi Ali bou-Jenan. 1102. 1872. Ferreiro.—Informe al Almirantazgo acerca de la bahia de Lobos (boca del Draa). M.S. Archiv. del Ministerio de Marina. (De la Martiniere.) 1103. 1872. Lozano Munoz, Francisco.—Apuntes sobre Marruecos. Los tributos y la influencia de la batallas d’lsly y de Tetuan. Revista de Espaiia, t. xxvii., p. 462. (Duro.) 1104. - Organization Militar de Marruecos. Continuation de los apuntes publicados en la Revista de Espaiia, 1. c. (Duro.) 1105. - Los tributos y la influencia de las batallas de Isly y de Tetuan, 1. c. 1106. 1872. San Javier, Vizcondo de.—El Penon de Yelez de la Gomera. La Illust. Espan. y Americ. Madrid : p. 651. 1107. 1872. Lerchundi, Fr. Josd de, Misionero franciscano observante en Tetuan.—Rudimentos del arabe vulgar que se habla en el imperio de Marruecos, con numerosos ejercicios y temas aplicados a la teoria. Madrid: 4to, y un apen- dice separado con los temas. New edition, Tangier, 1891. An excellent grammar of the Moghrebin dialect for those acquainted with Spanish, by the Chief of the Franciscans in Morocco. The same author has a Moghrebin Dictionary in preparation. 1108. 1872. Reise Deutscher Naturforscher nach Marokko, 1872. Petermann’s Geogr. Mittheilungen, vol. xviii., p. 190. 1109. 1872. Rein, J.—Ueber einige bemerkenswerthe Gewachse aus der Um- gebung von Mogador. Jahresbericht der Senckenbergischen naturf. Gesellschaft zu Frankfurt a. Main, 1872-73, pp. 119-131. The species described are Klemia pteroneura , D. C., Apteranthes Gussoniana, and Argania Sideroxylon, R. and L. Dr. Rein (now Professor of Geography in the University of Bonn) and Baron Dr. K. von Fritsch (Professor of Geology in the University of Halle) visited the Atlas in 1872, ascending Tizi Tacherat on the 11th June. They found no traces of glaciers, and are of opinion that what Hooker and Ball took for such was simply the result of a mountain slide (Bergrutscb). But they found in two different valleys outcrops of rock-salt, which the English travellers had not observed. (Letter of Prof. Rein to Dr. R. Brown, March 16, 1891). 1110. 1872. Maw, George—A Journey to Morocco and Ascent of the Great Atlas. A lecture delivered before the Birmingham and Midland Institute. Ironbridge : 8vo, pp. 28 [no date, two editions]. 1111. 1872. Fritsch, Baron K. v. and Dr. J. J. Rein.—Reise der Frank¬ furter Naturforscher.nach den Canarischen Inseln und dem Marokka- nischen Atlas, 1872. Yorlaufiger Bericht von Dr. K. v. Fritsch. Peterrn., Mitth. Geogr., pp. 364, 367. 1112. 1872. “ Fas.”—Gibraltar’s Value. London : 8vo. Touches on the other side of the strait also. 1113. 1872. Rohlfs, Gerhard.—Eine Stadt in der Wiiste Sahara. Unsere Zeit, hrsg. von Rud. Gottschall, N. F., 7 Jahrg., 24 Heft. VOL. III. 2 c 360 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1114. 1872. Rohlfs, Gerhard. —Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fiir Erdkunde zu Berlin. 7 Bd., 1 Heft, pp. 56-75. 1115. - Hoflichkeitsformeln und Umgangsgebrauche bei den Marokanern, Globus xxii. N. 7, pp. 105-108. 1116. - Die Sahara der grossen Waste. Das Ausland, Nos. 45-47, pp. 1057- 1061; No. 46, pp. 1085-1089 ; No. 47, pp. 1111-1114. 1117. - Die Zablzeicben der Rhademser, 1. c., No. 29, pp. 695-696. 1118. 1873. Perrier, Amelia.- —A Winter in Morocco. London: 8vo, pp. 365, with illustrations. A lively and trustworthy narrative of a lady’s winter residence at Tangier. The authoress does not pretend to know any other part of Morocco. Re¬ viewed in ‘ Dublin University Magazine,’ July (Vol. 82), pp. 126-7. 1119. 1873. Wooldridge, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 483. 1120. 1873. Hunot, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Saffee. 1. c., p. 486. 1121. 1873. The Mediterranean Pilot. —Published by the Hydrographic Office, Admiralty. Vol. i., 8vo. At p. 48 is an account of the Coast of Morocco, from Cape Spartel to Almina Point, and at p. 104 that from Tetuan Bay to the frontiers of Algeria. A new edition was published in 1887. 1122. 1873. Cruickshank, John. —Tangier. Glasgow : 8vo. Extracts from this pamphlet appeared in the ‘Times of Morocco,’ No. 181, et seq. 1123. 1873. The African Pilot. —Sailing directions for the West Coast of Africa. The first edition was dated 1849. 1124. 1873. The West Coast of Africa, Pt. i., from Cape Spartel to Sierra Leone. United States Hydrographical Office. 1125. 1873. White, Consul. —Report on the Trade of Morocco for 1871. Cons. Comm. Rep. received during 1872, Pt. i., p. 475. 1126. --— Report on the Trade of Morocco for 1872. he., p. 915. 1127. 1873. Dupuis, Consul. —Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida. 1. c., p. 479. 1128. 1873. Stokes, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., pp. 481. 1129. 1873. Carstensen, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., p. 482. 1130. 1873. Ball, John. —Mountaineering in the Great Atlas. Lond. Alpine Journ. pp. 220-231. 1131. - Descriptions of some new Species, Sub-species and Varieties of Plants collected in Morocco. Journal of Botany, Sept., Oct., Nov. and December. Also separately, 8vo, pp. xxxii. 1132. 1873. Koch, Carl, Dr. — Beitriige zur Kenntniss Arachniden Nord- Afrikas, insbesondere einiger in dieser Richtung bisher noch unbeknmrt gebliebenen Gebiete des Atlas und der Kusten-Lander von Marocco. (Von A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 361 Fritsch und Reins Collection.) Jahresbericht der Senckenbergischen naturf. Gesellscliaft zu Frankfurt, pp. 104-118. Also separately. 1133. 1873. Dournaux-Duper6, Norbert. — La role de la France dans l’Afrique Septentrionale et la Voyage 4 Timbouktou. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris 6 me Ser., t. vi., p. 607. Tbe author gives a sketch of all that has been done for the exploration of the south, both in Algeria, Tripoli and Morocco; written as a preliminary study for his projected journey in the Sahara of Algeria, where he was killed in the following year. 1134. 1873. Larousse. Pierre. —Grand Dictionnaire Universel du XIX 0 Sibcle. Paris: 4to. Article on Morocco, t. x., pp. 1232-1236. 1135. 1873. Cosson, E. St. Charles. —Note sur la Geographic botanique du Maroc. Comptes-Rendus de l’Acad. des Sc., Mars. Reproduced in Bull, de TAssociation Scientifique, vol. xi., No. 279. 1136. -- Same paper, but further developed. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, t. xx., p. 49. 1137. - Species Novae Maroccanae (chiefly Balansa’s plants). 1. c., pp. 239- 261. (14th Nov.) 1138. 1873. R.[amon]‘L.[on]. —Espaiia en Marruecos : Memoria administrativa. Revista de Espana, t. xxxvii., pp. 232-250, [Dated Tetuan, September, 1873.] (Duro.) 1139. 1873. Chelli, Nicolas. —Nuestro porvenir en Africa—Engrandecimiento de Ceuta, decadencia de Gibraltar. Publicado por Acuerdo del Ayuntamento de Ceuta, Junio. Cadiz : Revista Medica, 8vo, pp. 60. 1140. 1873. Lozano Munoz, Francisco. —Proclamation del Sultan Muley- Hassan. Revista de Espaiia. (De la Martiniere.) 1141. 1873. Dolmen in Marokko. Globus xxiv., pp. 175-6. (Unsigned.) 1142. 1873. Rohlfs, Gerhard. —Mein erster Aufenthalt in Marokko und Reise sudlich vom Atlas durch die Oasen Draa und Tafilet. Bremen: 8vo, pp. 468. 2nd edition, Berlin, 1881; 3rd, Norden, 1885. Trans, with Introduction by Winwood Reade, map and portrait: ‘Adventures in Morocco and Journeys through the Oases of Draa and Tafilet,’ 8vo, London, 1874. 1143. 1873. Noll, F. C. —Von Lissabon nach der Kiiste Marokko’s und der Canaren. Westermann’s Monatsschrift, pp. 36-55. 1144. 1874. Shems ed-din Abu-Abdallah Moh’ammed. —Manuel de la Cosmographie du moyen-age, traduit de l’arabe, ‘ Nokhbet ed-dahr-fi’ adjaib- el-birr’ wal-bah’r,’ de Shems Ed-din Abou-Abdallah Moh’ammed de Damas, et accompagne d’eclaircissements par A. F. Meliren. Copenhague : 8vo. 1145. 1874. Rohlf’s Morocco. —‘Chambers’s Journal.’ Edinburgh: August 8th, 4th Series, pp. 501-504. 1146. 1874. Hamilton, Lieut.-General Sir F. W., K.C.B. —Tbe Origin and History of the First or Grenadier Guards, from documents in the State Paper Office, War Office, Horse Guards, Contemporary History, Regimental records. London: 3 vols., 8vo, pp. xl. + 457; xviii. + 496; xxxiv. + 548. Vol. i., chap, vii., p. 237, is an account of the occupation of Tangier and the Guards being sent there. 1147. 1874. Gunther, Albert. —Notice of some new species of Fishes from Morocco. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist., March, 2 plates. 2 o 2 362 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. An account of a small collection of marine and fresh-water fishes made by Dr. Rein and Dr. C. von Fritsch during their journey in Morocco. It contained four new species : one Serranus and three Barbels. 1148. 1874. Lapeen, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1872. Cons. Comm. Rep., Part i., p. 488. 1149. 1874. Imossi, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., p. 489. 1150. 1874. Redman, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 490. 1151. 1874. Carstensen, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Magador. 1. c., p. 492. 1152. 1874. Frost, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 494. 1153. 1874. Hunot, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 497. 1154. 1874. White, Consul. —Report on the Trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 499. 1155. -- Report on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., Pt. ii., p. 915. 1156. Ebbarck, Ed. —-Histoire des Naufrages qui ont desole la marine franpaise, position difficile de 1’Astrolabe et la prise de Mogador en 1845. Paris: 8vo, pp. 20. (De la Martiniere.) 1157. 1874. Bleicher, Dr. —Lettre sur le Maroc. Cette : 8vo, pp. 13. From Rev. des Sc. Nat., Juin 1874. The author was attached to the diplomatic mission to Mekinnes under M. Tissot; his observations more especially illustrate the anthropology and natural history of the country. 1158. 1874. Sur la Geologie des regions comprises entre Tanger, El Araiche et Meknes. Comptes-Rendus, t. lxxviii., pp. 1712-1716. 1159. 1874. Pepys, W. —A Ride in Morocco. ‘ Colburn’s Magazine,’ vol. cliv. p. 465. 1160. 1874. Duveyrier, Henri. —L’Afrique Necrologique. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 me Ser., t. viii. p. 560. This gives a short account of all who have fallen victims to their endeavours to advance geographical knowledge in Africa, including, of course, the Barbary States. A very instructive map is added, showing the region in which each person travelled and the place of his death. 1161. 1874. Mercier, E. —Comment l’Afrique Septentrionale a ete' arabisee. Extrait resume de l’histoire de l’etablissement des Arabes dans l’Afrique Septentrionale. Paris : 8vo, pp. 18. 1162. 1874. Gouvernement-Gendral de l’Algdrie.- —-Insurrection des Oulad Sidi Chick. Expedition de l’Oued-Guer dans le Maroc. Stat. Gen. de l’Alg. 1867-1872. Paris : 4to, p. 3. Narrative of an Expedition from Algeria into Morocco in 1870, under the command of General Wimpffen. See also Nos. 1094, 1095, 1295 1163. 1874. Dastugue, General. —Hauts Plateaux et Sahara de l’Algerie Occidentale. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6° Ser., t. vii., pp. 113 and 239. The author visited the south-west of Algeria and the neighbouring part of Morocco in 1861 and 1862. The memoir here given is an outline of a more important work then in preparation. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 363 1164. 1874. Gravier, Gabriel. —Le Canarien, Livre de la Con quete et Conver¬ sion des Canaries (1402-1422) par Jean de Bethencourt, Gentilhomme Caucliois; publie d’apres le manuscrit original, avec introduction et notes. Eouen : 8vo, pp. lsxxiii. and 258, with modern and ancient map. The original illuminated MS. is preserved by Madame de Mont-Ruffet in the Chateau de Carquelen, in Normandy. See No. 174. De Bethencourt went to the Canaries in 1402 with the sole aim of taking possession of them and converting them to the Christian faith. He made several expeditions to the coast of Morocco. 1165. 1874. Cosson, Ernest Saint-Charles. —Sur les Euphebes cacto'ides du Maroc. Bull. Soc. Bot. France, t. xxi., p. 162. 1166. 1874. Ceuta. —Reglamento de las Compaiiias de Mar de Ceuta. Madrid : un Cuad. en4to. (Duro.) 1167. 1874. Idris el-Joriehi.—Yiaje que hizo al Guad Nun El-Hache, Idris el-Jorichi El-Fasi, Taleb del Consulado de Espana en Mogador en Agosto de 1874, para gestionar el vescate de los cautivos espanoles; Traducido del arabe por D. An tonio Maria Orfila e inserto por apendice en la presente con- ferencia. Madrid: 8vo. A journey made to ransom the Spaniards held captive by the Sahara tribesmen. 1168. 1874. Lange, Johannes. See Schousboe. No. 480. 1169. 1874. Bertherand, E. L. See Schousboe. No. 480. 1170. 1874. Rohlfs, Dr. Gerhard. —Adventures in Morocco and Journeys through the Oases of Draa and Tafilet. With an introduction by Winwood Reade. London : 8vo, pp. 371, with map, and portrait of the author. He adopted the garb and religion of the Moors, entered as surgeon in the service of the Sultan, and enjoyed the friendship of the Grand Sherif of Wazzan. 1171. 1874. Mousson, A., late Professor in the University of Zurich.— Bemerkungen iiber die von Hm. Dr. von Fritsch uud Dr. Rein aus West- Morokko 1872, zuriickgebrachten Land- und Siisswasser-Mollusken. Jahrbiicher der deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, i., 1874, 3 plates. Of 54 species described, 26 are new. 1172. 1875. Tissot, Ch., Ministre de France au Maroc.—Note sur l’ancien port d’el-Ghat (Oualidiya), with a plan in the text. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris: 6 ma Ser., t. x., pp. 67-71, with plan. M. Tissot makes out the “ very safe ” port of El Ghait, between Saffi and Mazagan, mentioned by Edrisi, to be the Lagoon of Waladia (Oualidya), and not Ayir, as imagined by Renou. When M. Moiiette was so unfortunate as to be captured, one of the pirate-ships ran for Waladia, and in Pellow’s day (Nos. 366, 1945) it was regularly used. With a little improvement it might become the best harbour in Morocco. M. Tissot held the post of Minister Plenipotentiary in Morocco from 1871 to 1876. He followed out all the Roman roads in that country, and this was the most fruitful period of his archaeological career. It was in the intervals between his excursions that he wrote his ‘ Mauretanie Tingitane ’ (Nos. 1213, 1251), at Tangier. His learning and acuteness in research shed lustre on France and the Diplomatic Service. His weakness as a critic was 364 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. the contempt he displayed for those less able than himself, or who had the misfortune to differ from him. 1173. 1875. Tissot, Ch., &c.—Ricerche di Carlo Tissot sulla Geografia com- parata della Mauritania Tingitana.—Guido Cora’s Cosmos, III. 1875. Nos. ii.-iii. pp. 119-120; Nos. iv.-v. pp. 184-186. 1174. 1875. Ollive, Dr. C. —Geographie Medicate : Climat de Mogador et de son influence sur la Phthisie. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 me Ser., t. x. (Oct.), pp. 365-416. The author gives a description and plan of Mogador, and meteorological observations extending over nine years. 1175. 1875. Duveyrier, Henri.—De Mogador au Djebel Tabayoudt, par le Rabbin Mardoehee Abi Serour. Resume du Journal de Voyage. 1. c., p. 561. The Rabbi was sent by M. Baumier, French Consul at Mogador, to explore the country to the S. of Mogador. An excellent map is given of his itinerary. 1176. 1875. Tetuan. — ‘ Fraser’s Maga.,’ pp. 440-49 (signed ‘ R.’) New Ser. vol. ii. 1177. 1875. Irby, Lieut.-Col. L. H. L. —The Ornithology of the Straits of Gibraltar. London : 8vo, pp. 236. Two maps, one of Morocco. The introduction and body of the work con¬ tain many particulars about the coast ornithology of Morocco, including the notes of the late M. F. Favier, who, after a residence of thirty-one years at Tangier, died there in 1867. 1178. 1875. Paladilhe, D. —Coquilles Maroccains. Paris ; 8vo, with plates. Chiefly descriptive of Dr. Bleicher’s collection. ; 1179. 1875. Ball, John. —Description of some new Species, Suh.-species, and Varieties of Plants collected in Morocco. ‘Journal of Botany,’ June and July. 1180. 1875-1883. Gorringe, Lt.-Commander Henry H., and Lieut. Seaton Schroeder, U.S. Navy. —Coasts and Islands of the Mediterranean Sea. Bureau of Navigation, Hydrographic Office, Washington : 8vo. Vol. i. pp. 266 to 295 relates to the Coast of Morocco. 1181. 1875-1881. Gayangos, Don Pascual de. —Catalogue of the MSS. in the Spanish language in the British Museum. Published by order of the Trustees, London : 3 vols. These contain notices of many MSS. concerning Morocco. 1182. 1875. British Order in Council for the Regulation of British Consular- Jurisdiction in Morocco, dated 4th Feb.—Based on the Treaty of the 9th December, 1856. Hertslet’s * Treaties,’ vol. xiv. p. 413. 1183. 1875. Lapeen, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1873. Cons. Comm. Rep., received in 1874, Pt. ii., p. 815. 1184. 1875. Imossi, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., p. 817. 1185. 1875. Bedman, Vice-Consul.— Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 820. 1186. 1875. Puente, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 823. 1187. 1875. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 824. 1188. 1875. White, Consul. —Report on the Trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 826. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 365 1189. 1875. Frost, Vice-Consul. — Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 1401. 1190. 1875. Beaumier, Acting Vice-Consul. — Eeport on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., p. 1399. 1191. 1875-1881. Fournel, Henri. —Les Berbers, Eltude sur ]a Conquete de l’Afrique par les Arabes, d’apres les textes Arabes imprimes. Paris : 4to, 2 vols. pp. xx. + 609; iv.+381. An amplification of the author’s first sketch of the subject, in 1857, q.v., which he much regretted having published. This is a most valuable and erudite work. 1192. 1875. Gay, Jean. —Bibliographie des ouvrages relatifs a l’Afrique et a 1’Arable. Catalogue methodique de tous les ouvrages franjais et des principaux en langues etrangeres, traitant de la geographie, de l’histoire, du commerce, des lettres et des arts de l’Afrique et de l’Arabie. San Eemo: 8vo, pp. 312. This contains a list of 87 works on Morocco, not always exact. 1193. 1875. Cosson, Ernest St. Charles. — Index plantarum in imperio Maroccano australi recentius a cl. Balansa et ab indigenis duobus sub auspiciis cl. Beaumier lectarum. Bull, de la Soc. Bot. de France, vol. xxii., January, pp. 51-77. One of the two natives was Ibrahim Ammeribt, a Berber of Mogador: the other was the Eabbi Mordokhai (q.v.), a native of Akka, the first oasis in the Moroccan Sahara, south of Agadir (Cosson’s ‘ Compendium,’ vol. i. pp. 49-50.) 1194. 1875. Bleieher, Dr. A.— Un Voyage au Maroc. Eev. Sc., 2° Ser., t. viii., pp. 765-177. The author accompanied M. Tissot, French Minister, who proceeded to Mekenes for the purpose of presenting his letters of credence to the new Em¬ peror. It is divided into nine chapters: I. De Tangier a Meknes; II. La Capitale, l’armee et le Sultan; III. Le Iletour, Euines prehistriques et Ro¬ manies; IV. La Geologie; V. L’Histoire; VI. Le Commerce; VI. La Flore; VIII. La Faune ; IX. Conclusion. 1195. 1875. Direccion de Hidrografia. —Derretero de las Costas occidentales de Africa, redactado en la . . . . con presencia de las publicaciones mas recientes. Comprende desde el cabo Espartel hasta Sierra Leona. Madrid: 4 to, pp. 300, with views of the coast. 1196. 1875. Abderraman-Ben-Mahomet. —Carta sobre Costumbres de Mar- ruecos enviadas desde Larache al diario de Madrid, El-Impareial. (De la Marti- niere). 1197. 1875. Diario del Sitio de Melilla, por el emperador de Marruecos desde 9 de Diciembre de 1874 al 18 de Marzo de 1875. MS. en la Bibl. ue Ingenieros. (Duro.) 1198. 1875. Rosell y Torres, Isidoro. —Una Excursion a Tanger. La Ulus. Esp. y Amer. Madrid : p. 78. 1199. 1875. P. Viaje a Fez, desde Tanger, de la embajada de Italia en mayo y junio de 1875. Madrid: La Iberia, July. 1200. 1875. Cuevas, Teodoro de. —Recaudador de la Aduana de Saffi. Me- moria comercial de la tribu de Abel, remitida al Ministerio de Estado en 1875. Inedito en el Archivo de dicho Ministerio. (Duro.) 366 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1201. 1875. Rolilfs, Gerhard.— Bei den Zeltbewohnern in Marokko. Globus, vol. xxvii., pp. 284, 312, 328. 1202. 1875. Bleicher, Dr. —Sur le Geologie du Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geologique Fran 9 ., 3 me Ser., t. ii., pp. 315-316, and some notes in Tissot’s ‘ Itineraire de Tanger a Babat.’ Bull. Soc. Geog. Paris, 6 me Sea, t. xii., 1876, pp. 225-294 (see No. 1194), and in Rev. Geologique, t. xii., pp. 176-177. 1203. 1876. Leaned, Arthur, M.D. —Morocco and the Moors; being an ac¬ count of Travels, with a general description of the country and its people. London : 8vo, pp. 370, with 18 maps and illustrations. It also contains the following appendices :—A. The climate of Tangier. B. The climate of Mogador, by M. Beaumier (No. 1097). C. Section between Mogador and the city of Morocco. D. The trade of Morocco. E. The drugs in use amongst the Moors. F. The marriage of the Sharif of Wazan. G. The captivity of Mr. Butler. This work contains much information, industriously collected, though full of errors, along with a lively account of his own experiences; but he did not enter on any new ground. A new edition was published in 1891, with a preface by Sir Richard Burton, pp. xv. and 354, map and illustrations. Some of the Appendices are omitted, The only addition is an introduction. Sir Richard’s acquaintance with Morocco was limited to a winter passed in Tangier. 1204. 1876. White, Consul. — Report on the Trade of Morocco for 1873. Cons. Comm. Rep. received at F. 0. in 1875, Pt. i., p. 165. 1205. - Report on the Trade of Tangier, 1874. 1. c., p. 736. 1206. 1876. Lapeen, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1874. 1. c., p. 727. 1207. 1876. Imossi, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Laraiche, 1874. 1. c., p. 728. 1208. 1876. Redman, Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 731. 1209. 1876. Beaumier, Acting Vice-Consul. —Report on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c., p. 732. 1210. 1876. Frost, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 733. 1211. 1876. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., Part ii., p. 1275. 1212. 1876. Mazet, Du. —Commerce entre l’Algerie et le Maroc. La Sebkha et les oasis de Gourara. L’Exploration, iii. Nos. 58 and 62, pp. 248 and 368. 1213. 1876. Tissot, Charles, French Minister Plen. at Tangier, subsequently ambassador at Constantinople and London (born 29th August, 1828, died, 2nd July, 1884).—Recherches sur la Geographic comparee de la Mauretanie Tingitane. Memoir read at the Acad, des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 1875- 76, and published in the Mem. presentes a l’Acad. par div. Sav. liltr., l re Ser., t. ix., pp. 139-322. See also Duveyrier, ‘ Bull, de la Soc. Geog.’ 7th March, 1879. A most valuable paper, worthy of the author if he had written nothing else ; it was the cause of his being elected a Corresp. of the Academy of Inscriptions. Accompanied by numerous plans, valuable maps and sketches, only a few of which were published. In three tables and on the maps the Greek, Latin and Arabic names of the various places are given. Most of these are summarised in Nos. 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 367 1214. 1876. Tissot, Charles, and Broca, Paul. —Sur les Monuments Mega- lithiques et les Populations Blonds du Maroc. Rev. d’Anthrop., t. v., No. 3. Also published separately. Paris: 8vo, pp. 24, with a map. The portion on the monuments is by M. Tissot, that on the blonde people— a fair race among the Berbers—is by M. Broca. 1215. - Itineraire de Tanger a Rbat, avec Esquisse topographique d’une partie du Royaume de Fes. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 ,no Ser., t. xii., p. 225, et seq. The map which accompanies this memoir is described by Dr. Decugis (in 1878) as, “ d’une exactitude remarquable.” 1216. 1876. Le Maroc. —Notions Geographiques. Signed T. D. L’Explorateur, Paris, iii., p. 116, with map. 1217. 1876. Renaud, G. —Rene Caillie a 'Timbouctou. Rev. Geogr., No. 6, pp, 93-94. 1218. 1876. Sabatier, C. —Itineraire de Figuig au Touat, et Description de la Vallee de l’Oued-Messaoura. Feuilleton du Mobacher, commencing No. 1265, 5th January, ending No. 1289, 2nd February. He advocates a railway from Rashgun to the Yalley of the YVad- Messaura, running in a south-east direction from Igli towards Tuat and Tidikelt, and describes the commercial relations between Morocco and Tlemsen. 1219. 1876. Beaumier, Auguste. —Itineraire de Tanger a Mogador. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 me Ser., xi., March, pp. 241-254, with admirably detailed sketch- maps. 1220 . - Le Commerce au Maroc. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Bordeaux, 14 Jan. pp. 125-130. 1221. 1876. Duveyrier, Henri. —Sculptures Antiques de la Province de Sous, d^couvertes du rabbin Mardochee. 1. c., t. xii., p. 129, with a plate from the squeezes of the Rabbi. These represent the elephant, rhinoceros, giraffe and many other animals, some now extinct in this part of Africa. They are supposed to be the work of the Djuli race, who are mentioned by the Romans as Daratites. The elephant existed hereabouts in Pliny’s day. (See Hanno and Pliny the Elder, Nos. 2, 7.) 1222. 1876. Quijadlj, J.— Carta de Marruecos—Description da la Yisita qua liizo el Emperador a Casablanca in 1876. La Illustration Espanola y Americana. Madrid: t. ii., pp. 273. 1223. 1876. Gomez de Arteche, Jose. —Nieblas de la historia patria, Segunda Serie. Madrid : 16mo. One of the chapters, entitled ‘ Un proyecto estupendo,’ treats of the object of the journey of Ali Bey el-Abbassi, promoted by tbe Prince of Peace, revealed in the correspondence of General Castanos. 1224. 1876. Alvarez Perez-Jose, Spanish Consul at Mogador.—Memoria sobre el comercio que se hace por el puerto de Mogador. Memorias comerciales por la Direction general de Aduanas. El Pais del Misterio. Madrid : 8vo. Contains an interesting account of the history and a description of Morocco and the independent tribes of Sus and Wad Nun. 1225. 1876. Lozano Munoz, Francisco, Spanish Vice-Consul at Larache.— Memoria historico comercial de la provincias de Larache, Benahuda Habbasi, 368 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Benisliara y Guassan. Publicada por la Direction general de Aduanas en las Memorias comerciales, pp. 125-153, [Duro, who adds “ Es muy interesante.”] 1226. 1876. Castaheira, Ramon F.—Noticias de la expedition de Mr. Donald Mackenzie al Cabo Juby y Costa adyacente, frente a Canarias, en 1876. Pub- licadas en La Academia, tomo i., pp. 171, 287 y 295. 1227. 1876. Coello, Don Francisco. —Memoria sobre el progresso de los Trabajos Geograficos, Marruecos. Bol. Soc. Geogr., Madrid, i., pp. 426. 1228. 1876. Adamoli, Giulio.— Viaggio al Marocco. Boll. Soc. Geogr. Ital., vol. xiii., pp. 630-646. Address before the Society, 3rd Dec. 1876. Adamoli was sent to Morocco under its auspices, to ascertain whether it would be advisable to establish a factory on the coast between Capes Nun and Bogador. He gives much interesting information regarding that part of the country. 1229. 1876. Kostenko, L. Th. —Beise im Nordlichen Afrika. St. Petersburg : 8vo, pp. 240, with a map of Marokko, Algiers and Tunis. 1230. 1876. Amicis, Edmondo de. —Morocco. Milano: 4to, profusely illus¬ trated ; Seconda Edizione, 8vo, pp. 483, without illustrations. A French trans¬ lation by Henri Belle, Premier Secretaire d’Ambassade, published at Paris (in ‘ La Tour du Monde,’ and separately) in 1882, 4to, pp. 405, with the same illustrations, 74 in number ; also an edition in 16mo. An English translation by C. Rollin-Tilton, published in London in 1879, 8vo, pp. 406; also illustrated, entitled, ‘ Morocco, its People and Places.’ There is a German edition, ‘Marokko. Nach dem Italienischen bearbeitet von A. v. Schweiger-Leichenfeld,’ Wien, 8vo, 1882, pp. 391; also a Dutch version. The author accompanied the then Italian Minister, the late Commendatore Stefano Scovasso, on his embassy to the Sultan. It is of more literary than geographical value. 1231. 1876. Tasehek, C. R. v.— Aus Tanger (Marokko). Wiener Jagd-Zei- tung, 19 Jahrg. No. 23, pp. 655-659. 1232. 1876. Alte Denkmaler an der Marokkanisehen West-Kiiste. Globus, xxix., pp. 375-6, with one illustration. (Unsigned.) 1233. 1876. Eine Gesandtsckaftreise nacli Marokko. Das Ausland, No. 37, pp. 721-5 ; No. 39, pp. 768-73. 1234. 1876. Veth, Prof. P. J., and Dr. C. M. Kan. —Bibliografie van Neder- landsche Boeken, Brochures, Kaarten, enz. over Afrika. Utrecht: 8vo, pp. 98. Also, Tijdschrift van het sardrijksk-genootschap (Amsterdam), No. 8, pp. 358- 385 ; an extremely imperfect list. A first supplement appeared in the Tijdschrift, (ut supra), 1877, vol. xiv., pp. 253-256. 1235. 1877. Barbier de Meynard, C., et Pavet de Courtelle. —Mafoudi, Les Prairies d’Or, texte et traduction. Paris [1863-77] : 9 vols. 8vo. 1236. 1877. Mackenzie, Donald.— The Flooding of the Sahara ; an account of the proposed plan for opening Central Africa to Commerce and Civilisation from the north-west coast, with a description of the Soudan. London : 8vo, pp. 287, with illustrations and map. 1237. 1877. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Morocco for 1875. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. at F. 0. in 1876. Pt. ii., p. 1385. 1238. Report on the 'trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 1415, A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 369 1239. 1877. Lapeen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida. 1. c., p. 1395. 1240. 1877. Imossi, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., p. 1397. 1241. 1877. Redman, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 1401. 1242. 1877. Drummond-Hay, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador. 1. c.j p. 1403. 1243. 1877. Frost, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 1411. 1244. 1877. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. ]. c., p. 1414. 1245. 1877. Maroc, Rapport Consulaire. Bulletin Consulaire francais, fasci¬ cules 9th and 10th. 1240. 1877. Halevy, Joseph.—Rapport sur l’etat des ecoles dans les Commu- nautes juives du Maroc. Bull. al. Israel. Paris : l ier Trim. (De la Martiniere.) 1247. 1877. Major, R. H. — Discoveries of Prince Henry the Navigator. London : 8vo, with map. See also No. 1020. The best account of his voyages and the voyages of his captains along the coast. 1248. 1877. Feraud, L. Ch.—Les Chorfa du Maroc.—Rev. Afr., t. xxi., p. 229, et seq. An account of the Shereefs of Morocco, based on a work communicated to the author by a Taleb of Fez. Written by the Imam Ahmed bin Mohammed El-Achmaoui of Mecca. 1249. 1877. Cosson, Ernest Saint Charles.—Notes sur la Flore de la Tunisie, du Maroc et de la Cyrena'ique. Grisebach’s ‘Die Vegetation der Erde nach ihrer Klimatischen Anordnung,’ etc., 2 vols. French ed. by Tchihatchef, vol. ii. pp. 150-156. This paper is not in the much less satisfactory original German work. 1250. 1877. Du Mazet.—Excursion au Maroc. Revue Lyonnaise de Geogra¬ phic, l re Annee, No. 17, 9 fevrier 1878, pp. 198-204. 1251. 1877. Tissot, C.—Recherches sur la Geographic de la Mauretanie Tingi- tane. Paris : 4to, pp. 186, maps and plates. Extracted from the ‘ Mem. presentees par divers savants & l’Acad. des Insc. et Belle-lettres ’ (No. 1213). The archreological discoveries of M. Tissot are of exceptional interest and value. 1252. 1877. ‘ Lahassen Mennum.’ Ovilo (No. 1437) notes that this was the pseudonym of a journalist and employe of Spain in Morocco, who in this year “ wrote an account of a Spanish Embassy in the ‘ Imparcial.’ ” 1253. 1877. Gerome, J. L.—Santon Marroqui. La Illustracion Espanola y Americana. Madrid : p. 377. 1254. 1877. Fernandez Duro, D. Cesareo.—El-PIach Mohamed el Bagdady (Don Jose Maria de Murga) y sus Andanzas en Marruecos. Conferencia pronun- ciada el dia de Mayo de 1877. Boll. Soc. Geografica de Madrid, t. iii., pp. 117- 149; 193-255. At pp. 210-255 is a valuable Bibliography, * apuntes para la Bibliografia Marroqui,’ containing notices of 187 Spanish works and 243 in other languages. 370 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. Don Jose Maria de Murga y Mugartegui, like Ali Bey el-Abbassi and Joaquin Gatell, travelled as a Mohammedan in Morocco (in 1863), and pub¬ lished his work (No. 1029) in 1868. He made a second journey in 1873, but published nothing, though his notes are in existence. He visited Tetuan, Fez, Mequinez, Sallee, Casablanca, Merakish, &c., and so back to Tangier. He was preparing for a third journey in 1876, when he died at Cadiz, at the age of 49. 1255. Fernandez Duro, D. Cesareo.—Cautivos espaholes en Cabo Blanco. Article published in the ‘ Ilustracion Espanola y Americana,’ No. xxxiii., 8 e Septr. (Duro.) 1256. 1877. El HacH Mohamed El-Bagdady (Don Jose Maria de Murga).— La Mujer Marroqui. Bol. Soc. Geogr. Madrid, iii., pp. 193. Continuation of No. 1254. 1257. 1877. Urrestazu, Francisco de A. de.—Yiajes por Marruecos. Madrid : 8vo, pp. 230. The author was born in Morocco, and his facts are said to be more minutely accurate than those of any modern Spanish writer. 1258. 1877. Lozano Munoz, Francisco.—Cronica de Yiaje de la Embajada espanola a la Ciudad de Fez el aho de 1877. MS. en el Arch, del Ministerio de Estado, Madrid. (De la Martiuiere.) 1259. 1877. Alvarez Perez, Jose, Spanish Consul at Mogador.—Apuntes sobre el Argan de Mogador. Anales de la Sociedad espanola de Hist. Nat., t. v., cuad 0 . 1°. Madrid. An article of six pages on the Argan, an oil-producing tree of Morocco. 1260. -- Las Cacerias en Marruecos. Madrid : 8vo. Bibliot. de Inst, y Becreo. 1261. --— Marruecos. Memoria Geografico comercial de la demarcacion del Consulado de Mogador. Boll. Soc. Geog. Madrid, t. ii., pp. 499-518. 1262. 1877. Relacion del Viage de la embajada espanola a Fez, recibimicnto por el Sultan en Abril 1877. El-Imparcial. Madrid : 24 May. (Duro.) 1263. 1877. Monedero Ordonez, Dionisio.—Apuntes de un testigo de la batalla de Vad-Bas. Poema. Madrid. (Duro.) 1264. 1877. Discusion en la Sociedad Geografica acerca de la conveniencia de estudiar el territorio de Marruecos. Bol. Soc. Geogr. Madrid, t. ii., pp. 354, 520. 1265. 1877. Coello, Don Francisco.—Memoria sobre el progreso de los tra- bajos geograficos—Marruecos. 1. c., p. 402. 1266. - Progreso de los trabajos geograficos—Marruecos. 1. c., iii. p. 429. 1267. 1877. Navarete, Jose. — Desde Vad-Bas a Sevilla, Acuarelas de la Campana de Africa. Madrid : Bib. de Instruccion y Becreo, 8vo, pp. 260. Amigo el autor de el Bagdady utiliza las noticias de su libro Recuerdos Marroquies y otras verbales que le ban servido grandemente para trazar los capitulos titula- dos La Casa de Ben Jaldun, El Moro en Visita, Saida, Nur y Ramar en traje de gala, La Mora en casa y Sarao Morisco. (Duro.) 1268. 1877. Morokko, Handel und Schifffahrt in den Haupthiifen von, in 1876. Preuss. Handelsarch., 1877, N. 20. 1269. 1877. Pietsch, Ludwig.—Marokko. Briefe von der deutschen Gesandt- schaftsreise nach Fez in dem Fruhling von 1877. Leipzig : 8vo. 1270. 1877. Fritsch, K. von.—Beisebilder aus Marokko. Mittheilungen des Vereins fair Erdkunde zu Halle, 1877, 1878, 1879. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 371 1271. 1877. Rohlfs, Gerhard. —Sigelmassa und Tafilet. Z. d. Berlin. Ges. f. Erdkunde, No. 5, pp. 335-347. Also separately, Norden : 1887, 8vo. 1272. - Tekna und Nun. Petermann, Geogr. Mittheil., 23 Bd., j:>p. 422-42G. 1273. - Gesandtschaften von und nach Marokko. Ausland, No. 32. 1274. 1877. Lyst van Journalen en verbalen van de Reizen naar de Middellan- diche Zee der schepen von oorlog van den staat, die noordkust van Afrika, etc. Tijdschrift van bet K. Ned. aardrijkskundig genootscbap. Amsterdam : vol. xiv., pp. 247-253. 1275. 1878. Hooker, Sir Joseph, K.C.S.I., President of the Roy. Soc., &c., and John Ball, F.R.S., &c.—Journal of a Tour in Morocco and the Great Atlas; with an appendix, including a sketch of the Geology of Morocco, by George Maw, F.L.S., &c. London : 8vo, pp. 489, with map of South Morocco, nine illustrations and twelve woodcuts in text. The appendices are as follows :—A. Observations for determining altitudes of stations. B. Itineraries of routes from the city of Morocco through the Great Atlas. C. Notes on the geography of S. Morocco. I). On some eco¬ nomic plants of Morocco. E. A comparison between the Flora of the Canary Islands and that of Morocco. F. A comparison between the Mountain Flora of Tropical Africa and that of Morocco. G. On the mountain Flora of two valleys of the Great Atlas. H. Geology of the plain of Morocco and the Great Atlas. I. Moorish stories and fables. K. On the Shelluh language. L. On the Roman remains known as the Castle of Pharaoh, near Mulai Edris el-Kebir (by the late Dr. H. B. Brady and Mr. W. H. Richardson). This journey was undertaken in 1871, and the account of its botany and geology is one of the most important works that has been written on the country. The authors truly observe in their preface :—“ Up to the date of our visit the Great Atlas was little better known to geographers than it was in the time of Strabo and Pliny.” The journey was short, but it was well planned and was especially marked by the vast stores of botanical knowledge which were obtained. Reviewed Nature, vol. xix., p. 366 ; Nation (Asa Gray), vol. xxviii., p. 232. In various plates of the ‘ Botanical Magazine ’ Sir Joseph Hooker has figured some of the novelties collected in the Expedition. 1276. 1878. Ball, John. —Spicilegium Florae Maroccanae. Journ. Linn. Soc. (Botany), vol. xvi. (Parts 93-97), pp. 281-742, with 28 plates of new species. The author—the well-known authority on the Alps — accompanied Sir Joseph Hooker on his Tour in Morocco. This work is described by this eminent botanist as one “ which will ever be classical, both from its own merits and from having been the virgin Flora of that country,” which, however, it is not. See Schousboe, No. 480. It is not published in book form. 1277. 1878. Ramsay, Sir And., and Jas. Geikie. — On the Geology of Gibraltar. Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc., vol. xxxiv., pp. 505-541, with map and sections. Sir Andrew Ramsay discusses the same subject in the Proc. Roy. Institution, vol. xiii. No. vi. There are some references to the raised sea beach at Tangier, in which an elephant’s (Eleplias antiquus) tooth and jaw were found. 1278. 1878. Lachdse, Dr. Lanoaille. —Les races Latines dans la Berberie septentrionale. Limoges : 4to, pp. 16. 372 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1279. 1878. Reared, Arthur, M.D.—The Site of the Roman city of Yolubilis. ‘ The Academy,’ London (June 29, 1878), No. 321, p. 580. Reprinted in Appen¬ dix B. to No. 1317, pp. 69-86, with illustrations of the ruins, etc. 1280. - A Journey to Fez and Mequinez. Reports of British Association (Dublin Meeting), Section D. 1281. 1878. “ Sarcelle ” (C. A. Payton, H.M. Consul, Mogador).—Natural History Notes from Mogador. * Field,’ 23 Feb. 1282. - Sea-fishing round Mogador. 1. c., 20th April. 1283. - Natural History Notes from Mogador. 1. c., 28 June. 1284. 1878. Drummond Hay, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1876. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. F. 0. during 1877. Pt. ii., p. during 732. 1285. 1878. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 739. 1286. -- Report on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., pt. iii. p. 1411. 1287. 1878. Lapeen, Vice-Consul. — Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida (Casablanca). 1. c., p. 1422. 1288. 1878. Imossi, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Laraiche. 1. c., p. 1424. 1289. 1878. Redman, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 1431. 1290. 1878. Frost, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 1433. 1291. 1878. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 1436. 1292. 1878. Leclercq, Jules.—Souvenirs de Voyage—Tanger. Rev. Britan- nique, Nouv. Ser., t. vi., pp. 411-437. See also No. 1425. 1293. 1878. Monin, H.—Les premieres Decouvertes Maritimes. L’Infant Don Henri de Portugal. Rev. Geogr. (Drapeyron), t. iii., p. 417. Dom Henri was with his father at the Siege of Ceuta in 1415, and there he had conceived the desire to pass Cape Nun, then considered the extreme limit of navigation on the coast of Morocco. 1294. 1878. Goltdammer, F.—Note Geographique et Commerciale sur l’Em- pire de Maroc. Paris : 8vo, pp. 12. 1295. 1878. D’Oran a l’Oasis de l’Oued Guir.—Spect. Milit., 4 mo Ser., t. iii., p. 215; t. iv., p. 72, with maps. Account of General de Wimpffen’s expedition within the Morocco frontier in the direction of Figig. The map is reproduced from the Bull, de la Soc. Geogr. Paris. See also Nos. 1094, 1095, 1162, 1295. 1296. 1878. Des Portes et Fran£ois, Lieutenants de Vaisseau.—Itineraire de Tanger a Fez et Meknes, Bull, de la Soc. de Geogr. Paris, 6 Ser., t. xv., p. 213-228, with map in text. Also separately, Paris : 8vo, pp. 16. These officers accompanied M. de Vernouillet, French Minister in Morocco, on his Mission to Fez and Mekenes. They give the geographical positions of the places visited, and meteorological observations. 1297. 1878. Ddcugis, Dr., Medecin prin. de la Marine.—Relation d’un Voyage dans l’lnterieur de Maroc en Mars et Avril 1877. 1. c., t. xvi., p. 41, et seq. The author also was attached to the Mission of M. de Vernouillet. He adds to his journal an “ Apercu rapide et general sur l’empire du Maroc.” A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 373 Also a German translation: “ Stadtebilder aus Marokko. Nach dem Franzosisclien, von Heinrich Brunner” (Geographische Nachrichten). Basel: Broch. in-8. 1298. 1878. Camerano, L.—Osservazioni intorno agli anfibi Anuri del Morocco. Atte Acc. Torini, vol. xiii., pp. 542-558. Four species collected by the late Signor Scovazzi, Italian Consul at Tangier, from Tetuan, Laraiche, Casablanca, Babat, Mazagan, Safee and Mogador. 1299. 1878. Fernandez Duro, Cesareo.—Exploracion de una parte de la Costa N.O. de Africa en busca de Santa Cruz de Mar Pequena. Bol. Soc. Geogr. Madrid, t. iv., p. 157 ; t. v., p. 17. Attached to the latter Article are several appendices, p. 21. A note by Prof. Graeles on the Zoology and Botany of the voyage, p. 29. The situation of Santa Cruz de Mar Pequena. pp. 33-64. Continuation de los apuntes para la Bibliografia Marroqui, publicados con la Biografia de el-Hach Mohammed-el Bagdady [D. Jose Maria de Murga]. See Nos. 1254, 1256 1300. 1878. Viaje a la Capital del imperio de Marruecos de una comision espaliola el aho 1800. 1. c., t. v., p.'273-282. The MS. here published was found in the Library of the Escurial, and bears the title “ Noticia del Itinerario desde Tanger hasta la Corte de Mequinez,” and it is followed by “ Noticias Historicas de Fez.” 1301. 1878. El-Rif.—Articulo descriptivo de la Costa con propuesta de lo que debiera harcerse para mejorar la situation y objeto de los Presidios de Africa. El- Pabellon nacional, Madrid, June. 1302. 1878. Navarro, Manuel de.—Memorio del moviruiento Maritimo y Commercial en este puerto y de las ventajas que a Espana afrece. Mem. Com. de la Direcc. de Aduanas. Madrid : 8vo, p. 160. The author was Spanish Vice-Consul at Casablanca. 1303. 1878. Coello, Don Francisco.—Memoria sobre el progresso de los trabajos geograficos — Argelia y Marruecos. Bol. Soc. Geogr., Madrid, iv., p. 457. 1304. 1878. Galiano, Pelayo Alcala.—Memoria sobre la situation de Santa Cruz de Mar Pequena en la Costa noroeste de Africa. Madrid: 4to, pp. 48, with a map. 1305. 1878. Castellanos, ' Fr. Manuel Pablo. — Description liistorica de Marruecos y breve resebu de sus diuastias 6 apuntes para servir a la liistoria del Magreb recapilados por. Santiago : 4to, pp. 336. A useful volume by a Spanish padre long resident in Morocco ; contains some bibliographical notes. 1306. 1878. Padro, Ramon.—Tipos de las Caravanas del Sahara, segun los apuntes traidos por la comision del Blasco de Garay en el auo de 1878. La Academia, June. (De la Martiniere.) 1307. 1878. Alvarez Perez, Josd.—Vistas y tipos de la Costa del Sous, tornados del natural en la expedition del Blasco de Goray, ano 1878. La Illustrac. Esp. y Americ., t. xiv., p. 15. 1308. 1878. Adamoli, Giulio.—Lettere del Marocco. Giorn. de Viaggi e Geogr. Comm, de Milano. L’Esploratore, Nos. 1, 2. 1309. 1878. “ Sarcelle ” [Payton, C. A.].—Christmas in Morocco. London Society, December, pp. 488-496. 374 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1310. 1878. Omboire, G.—Le Maroche, antiche Morene rnascherata da frane. Padova: 8vo. (De la Martiniere.) 1311. 1878. Pietsch, Ludwig.—Marokko, Briefe von der deutschen Gesandt- schaftsreise nach Fez im Jakre, 1877. Leipzig : 8vo. 1312. 1878. Hellwald, Friedrich v.—Die Afrikaforschung der Gegenwart unserer Zeit. Deutsche Revue der Gegenwart. New Ser., vol. i., p. 14-37; and 269-295. This contains a general account of discovery in Africa from B.c. 500 to 1793. Discoveries in the region of the Atlas from the journey of the Danish Consul Host in 1760, to that of Hooker in 1871, and in that of the Western Sahara from Carl Ritter in 1817 to Bou el-Moghdad in 1860. 1313. 1878. Fritsch, K. von.—Reisebilder aus Marokko. Mittheil. des Vereins fur Erdkunde zu Halle, 1878, pp. 24-63. 1314. 1878. Tangier, Handel und Schifffahrt in 1876. Preuss. Handelsarchiv, No. 10. 1315. 1878. Maroe, Rapport Consulaire. Bull. Consul, franpais; fascicules 5th and 6 th. 1316. 1879. A Tour in Morocco. — Based on Hooker and Ball’s Tour, No. 1275. ‘ Chambers’Journal,’Sept. 13. pp. 577-9. 1317. 1879. Leared, Arthur, M.D.—A Visit to the Court of Morocco. London : 8vo, pp. 86. Map (same as in No. 1203) and illustrations. This is founded on a paper read in 1878, at the Brit. Assoc, at Dublin. The author accompanied the Embassy sent by the King of Portugal, to con¬ gratulate the Sultan on his accession to the throne. Appendix A. contains an account of the campaign of 1578, in which Dom Sebastian of Portugal was killed. Appendix B. is a description of Volubilis. Appendix D. contains an itinerary of the journey from Tangier to Mekenes and Fez. Appendix E. is a narrative of an excursion to Tctuan. 1318. 1879. Marokko, Handel und Schifffahrt des Sultanats und seiner Haupt- liafen in 1878. Preuss. Handelsarchiv, No. 16-29. 1319. 1879. “ Sarcelle ” [Charles Alfred Payton, H.M. Consul at Mogador], —Moss from a Rolling Stone, or Moorish Wanderings and Rambling Reminiscences. [Portrait as frontispiece.] London : 8vo, pp. 506. The portion of the work (mostly reprinted from the Field) which refers to Morocco is from pp. 1-226. This is chiefly concerning sport in Southern Morocco, but it contains the best account of the famine of 1878 which has been published. 1320. - —- Rough Shooting in Morocco. Field, 6th December. 1321. - Sunny Cruises in Moorish Waters. 1. c., 13th December. 1322. 1879. Villa-Amel y Castro Jose.—Berberia en tiempo de Cisneros Bol. de Sociedad Geografica de Madrid, pp. 129-157. 1323. 1879. Drummond Hay, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1887. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. F. 0. during 1878, Pt. ii., p. 665. 1324. 1879. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Morocco. 1. c., p. 676. 1325. - Report on the Trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 685. 1326. 1879. Lapeen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida. 1. c., Pt. iv., p. 1659. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 375 1327. 1879. Redman, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Maza°-an. 1. c , p. 1662. 1328. 1879. Frost, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 1664. 1329. 1879. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 1668. 1330. 1879. Basset, Rend.—Poeme de Qabi en dialect Chellia (Sous de Maroc). Texte, transcription et traduction franfaise. Paris : 8vo., pp. 35. A very curious production. 1331. 1879. Kramer, Commandant.—Du Trans-saharien par la vallee de l’Oued Messaoud. Bull. Soc. Geog. Oran, vol. i., p. 123, with map. The same vol. contains other memoirs on the same subject. 1332. - Refutation des Objections faites'au trace du Trans-saharien par 1’ouest de l’Algerie. Compte-Rendu du 2 e Congres des Soc. de Geogr. 1879, a Montpellier, pp. 8C-101. A part of this line is certainly traced through Morocco, though it is the fashion to say that all the districts through which it will pass are independent of that empire. 1333. 1879. Bulletin de la Societe de Geographie de la Province d’Oran. Com¬ menced in 1879. The Society was inaugurated on the 14th July, 1878. The Bulletin Tri- mestral contains many interesting articles on Morocco. 1334. 1879. Foresta, Count A. de. — La Spagna, Gibilterra e Tangeri. Bologna : 8vo, 2 pts. 1335. 1879. Fernandez Duro, Don Cesareo.—Nuevas observaciones acerca de la situation de Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeha. Bob Soc. Geogr. Madrid, vol. vi., p. 193. 1336. 1879. Tentativas Comerciales en las regiones de Sus y Uad-Nun. 1. c. vii., p. 263. 1337. 1879. Galiano Pelayo Alcala.—Memoria sobre Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeha y las Pesquerias en la Casta Noroeste de Africa. Madrid : 8vo, pp. 79, with three maps. 1338. - Mas Consideraciones sobre Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeha. Madrid: 8vo, with map. Captain Galiano’s first statement regarding the Castle of Guadir and its connection with the Canaries having been questioned, he reprints his original treatise with additions. 1339. 1879. Norman, C. B. Fez. Encyclopaedia Britannica, vol. ix., pp. 127. 1340. 1879. Johnston, Keith.—Africa [based on Hellwald’s ‘ Afrika ’ in ‘ Die Erde und ilire Volker]. (Standford’s Compendium of Geography and Travel). London : 8vo. The regions of the Atlas, Morocco, Algeria, Tunis and Tripoli, §3. 1341. 1879. Liana, Manual G., and Tirso Rodriganez.—El Imperio de Marruecos, Antecedentes Historicos. Geografia—Razas—Religion—Estado Social —Instruction—Fanatismo—Usos y costumbres—Organizaceon militar—Guerra de 1860—Tratados—Reflexiones finales. This work is by the Editor of ‘ La Iberia,’ a newspaper in which part of it appeared. VOL. hi. 2 D 376 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1342. 1879. Gatell, Joaquin (“Iva'id Ismael”).—'Viages por Marruecos al Sus Nun y Tekna. 8vo. (An appendix to the Bol. de la Soc. Geog. Mad.) 1343. 1879. Fiter & Ingles, Joseph.—Don Joaquin Gatell y Folck (El Ivaid Ismail) Biografia leida en la sesion inaugural de l’Associacion d’Excursions catalana el 15 d’Octohre de 1879. Barcelona : 8vo, pp. 38, with a plate. 1344. 1879. Codera y Zaidin, Don Francisco.—Catedratico de lengua Arabe en la Universidad de Madrid. Tratado de Numismatica Arabigo-Espanola. Madrid. This takes in Moorish currencies. 1345. 1879. Martin, Luis Garcia.—Espana en Africa, culpas 6 faltas del Siglo xvii. que paga el xix. Bol. Soc. Geogr. Madrid, vii., No. 1, pp. 26—59 (15th April). 1346. 1879. Adamoli, Giulio.—Di alcuni Tentativi Commerciali nelle Pro- vincie di Sus e Tecna. Boll. Soc. Geogr. Ital., No. 3, pp. 245-252, with map. He gives an account of Mr. Mackenzie’s attempt to establish a commercial settlement at Cape Jubi. 1347. 1879. Amicis, Edmondo de.—Le Maroc. Tour de Monde, vol. 37, pp. 145-224 ; vol. 38, pp. 97-160. Traduction (par H. B.) et gravures inedites. Some of the illustrations are from the Italian edition ; others are the composition of E. Bayard, G. Yuillier. 1348. 1879. Fritsch, Prof. K. v. — Reisebilder aus Marokko. Mitth. d. Yereins fiir Erdkunde z. Halle, pp. 12-34. Also Petermann, Geogr. Mitth., 1880, p. 72. 1349. 1879. Maroc.—Rapport Consulaire. Bull. Consulaire francais, fascicule 9. 1350. 1879. Kersten, L.—Handel und Verkehr in West-Morocco. Geogr. Nachrickten f. Welthandel u. Yolkswirthsch., p. 363. 1351. 1879. Lenz’sche Expedition (Die).—Reisebriefe. Mittheil. d. Afri- kanischen Gesellschaft in Deutschland, vol. i., Nos. 4, 5, pp. 246-248, and 1881, vol. ii., No. 1, pp. 51-52 ; No. 2 ; No. 3; and some account in Proc. R.G.S. 1880, N.S., vol. ii., pp. 196, 518-520, and Zeitsch. Gesellsch. Erdkunde, Berlin, Feb. 7th, May 8th, and July 3rd, 1880. 1352. 1879. Velain.—Constitution geologique des lies voisines du littoral de l’Afrique, du Maroc a la Turiisie. Comptes-Rendus de l’Acad. des Sc., vol. lxxviii., p. 73. 1353. 1879. Brady, Henry B.—-Marocco and the Moors: Fez, Mekinez, Rabat. A Lecture delivered before the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Oct. 22nd, 1876. Reprinted from the Friends’ Quarterly Examiner, Newcastle-upon- Tyne : 8vo. 1354. 1880. Santa Cruz de Mar Pequeha. Revista de Canarias (Santa Cruz de Teneriffe), tomo ii. 1355. 1880. Wheatley, Henry B.—Samuel Pepys, and the world he lived in. London: 8vo. The third edition was published in 1889. 8vo, pp. viii. and 311. Chap, iv., pp. 63-76, Tangier. Pepys (Nos. 545, 626) was intimately connected with Tangier during the twenty-two years it remained in the possession of the English. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OP MOROCCO. 377 1356. 1880. Scott, Sir Sibbald David.—The British Army, its Origin, Pro¬ gress and Equipment, from the Restoration to the Revolution. London : 8vo. pp. 612. This Avork gives an account of the British occupation of Tangier. Two previous volumes were published in 1868: they contain nothing about Morocco. 1357. 1880. “Mark TAvain” (Samuel L. Clemens).—The Innocents Abroad. London : 8vo. ; and in various other English, American and translated editions. (1st American issue, Hartford, 1869.) Contains (Chapters viii., ix.) a visit to Tangier, the r< facts ” of which must not be taken too seriously. 1358. 1880. Guedalla, H.—Refutation of an anonymous article in the Jewish World, entitled “Secret History of Sir Moses Montefiore’s Mission to Morocco in 1863-64.” London: 8vo. 1359. 1880 ? Historia Patria: Sobre a expedicao de Tanger no anno 1437. Revista Litterarea, No. xxiii., pp. 425-528. 1360. 1880. Poole, Stanley Lane.—The Coins of the Moors of Africa and Spain and the Kings and Imams of the Yemen, in the British Museum. Classes [of Fraehn] xiv. a—xxvii. Edited by Reginald Stuart Poole. London : 8vo, pp. lii. : 175, with 7 plates. This forms vol. v. of the Brit. Mus. Cat. of Coins, and deals with the money of Morocco. 1361. 1880. Colville, Capt. (noAV Lt.-Col.) H. E., Grenadier Guards.—A Ride in Petticoats and Slippers. London : 8vo. pp. 328. Maps and plates. The author made a reconnaissance of the country betAveen Fez and Ujda by the Yalley of the Moluia, accompanied by his wife, disguised in Moorish dress. App. A. is a Memoir on the necessity of Morocco for the safety of Gibraltar. App. B. Itinerary from Fez to Ujda. App. C. Glossary of Moorish terms. App. D. Note on the Route Map. See also Globus, xxxviii. 1362. 1880. Watson, Robert Spence.—A Visit to Wazan, the Sacred City of Morocco, Avith map and 12 illustrations. London : 8vo, pp. 328. The author was the first Christian, except Rohlfs, who had visited this city, the ancestral home of the well-known Shereef, one of Avhose Avives is an English lady. The work is an interesting one. It led to many other travellers follow¬ ing his example, until Wazzan is now as commonly visited as lez. In addition to this book Dr. Watson has published tAvo articles on the “ Crisis in Morocco ” (Pall Mall Gazette, June 21st and 22nd, 1884). 1363. 1880. Ginsburg, Rev. J. B.—An account of the Persecution of the Protestant Mission among the Jews at Mogador, Morocco. London : for private circulation, 8vo. pp. 56. The Avriter complains of the hostility of the natives and the Avant of support, from the British consular authorities. 1364. 1880. * Sarcelle ’ (C. A. Payton). — Moorish Fish and Fisheries.— ‘ Field,’ 28 Feb. 1365. -Sporting Scrapes in Morocco. 1. c., 24th April. 1366 . -Sporting Notes from Mogador. 1. c., 11th Sept., and 25th Dec. 1367. 1880. Drummond-Hay, Consul.— Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1878. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. at F. 0., in 1879, Pt. i., p. 461, and Pt. i 1 .., p. 1382. 2 D 2 378 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1368. 1880. Lapeen, Consul. — Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida, 1. c., Pt. ii., p. 1376. 1369. 1380. Redman, Viee-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan. 1. c., p. 1379. 1370. 1880. Frost, Viee-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat. 1. c., p. 1388. 1371. 1880. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi. 1. c., p. 1392. 1372. 1880. White, Consul. Report on the Trade of Tangier. 1. c., p. 1393. 1373. 1880. Gasselin, Edouard, Chancellor of the French Consulate in Mogador.—Dictionnaire Francais-Arabe (Arabe vulgaire—Arabe gramatice), etc. Paris: 4to. 1374. 1880. Rohlfs, Gerhard. — Die Juden in Marokko. Vergl. Jiidisch Literaturblatt (reprinted from the Allgem. Augsburger Zeitung). The substance of it is reproduced in Quid novi ex Africa, pp. 66-100. 1375. 1880. Johnston, Keith.—A Physical, Historical and Descriptive Geo¬ graphy. London : 8vo. The fourth edition published in 1890, revised by E. G. Ravenstein. 8 vo, pp. 490. The Barbary States, pp. 368-370; Morocco, pp. 370-371. 1376. 1880. Mordokkhai (Mardochee) Abi Serour de Akka. — Les Daggatoun, tribu d’Origine Juive demuerant dans le Sahara (traduit sur l’hebreu etannotdpar Isidore Loeb). Bull. Alliance Israelite. Paris : 8vo. See No. 146. 1377. 1880. Le Commerce au Maroc.—Le Portefeuillo diplomatique, con- sulaire el financier. Paris: No. 3, 19 Juin, p. 118 ; No. 6, 10 July, p. 266. 1378. 1880. Castries, H. de.—Notice sur la Region de l’Oued Draa. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 6 mo Ser., t. xx., pp. 481-519, with a map of the Southern Provinces of Morocco. 1379. 1880. Vendegies, Ch. d.—De Cadix chez Ben-Achache. Cambrai: 8 vo. 1380. 1880. Fillias, Achille.— Recits militaires. L’Expedition de l’Oued Guir, 1870. Alger : 8vo, pp. 32, with map. 1381. 1880. Ollive.— Commerce entre Timbouctou et Mogador. Bull. Soc. Ge'ogr. Marseille, No. 1, p. 5-8. 1382. 1880. Ralli, Stenning.—From Mogador to Morocco. ‘ Good Words,’ May and June, pp. 311-317 and 493-499. Illustrated. 1383. 1880. Convenzione concernente 1’ esercizio del deritto di Protezione al Marocco conchiusa tra l’ltalia, l’Austria-Ungheria, la Francia, la Germania, la Gran Bretagna, il Marocco, i Paesi Bassi, il Portogallo, La Spagnia, gli Stati Uniti dell’ America Settentrionale e la Suezia e Norvegia. Iuglio 3, 1880. Trattati e convenzioni, &c., vol. viii., p. 68. Published also in French, German, Spanish and English, and reproduced in the United States’ series of Treaties. 1384. 1880. Kabilas del Rif. 1. c., t, viii., pp. 180-1. 1385. 1880. Ferreiro, Don Martin. — Memoria sobre el progreso de los trabajos geograficos en Marruecos. 1. c., t. viii., p. 407. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 379 1386. 1880. Marokko, Gestattung tier Getreideausfuhr nach Europa. Deutsches Handelsarchiv (Gesetzgebuug), June Heft. Handel und Schifffahrt des Sultanats und seiner Haupthafen im. 0. 1879, ibid. (Berichte), Nov. Heft. 1879. 1387. 1880. Negoeiations relative to the right of Protection in Morocco, from 18th Feb. to 19th July, 1879.—Pari. Paper 2707—Hertslet’s Tr., vol. xv., p. 247. See also Marten’s Nouv. Rec. Gen. de Tr., 2 a Ser., t, vi., pp. 515-629. These were held between Sid Mohammed Bargash and the representatives of the various European powers. The series of papers ends with the Treaty of Madrid of 3rd July, 1880. 1388. 1880. Documents Diplomatiques relatifs a la question de la Protec¬ tion diplomatique et Consulaire au Maroc. Paris : folio, pp. 278. The correspondence and protocols before and during the Conference of Madrid, 19th May-3rd July, with the Treaty of Madrid signed on the 3rd July, 1880. 1389. 1880. Caussinde Perceval.—Grammaire arabe vulgaire pour les dialects d’Orient et de Barbarie. New Edition. Paris: 8vo. 1390. 1880. Morocco and tlie Moors.—Review of De Amici's Morocco, Blackwood’s Magazine, vol. cxxvii., May, pp. 607-623. Same article in Eclectic Review, vol. xcv., May, p. 21. 1391. 1880. Rolleston, C., and M. Schroder.—Tetuan. Petermann’s Geogr. Mittheil., vol. xi., p. 292. 1392. 1880. Bleiclier, Dr. — £tudes de Geologie comparee sur le terrain quaternaire d’ltalie, d’Algerie, du Maroc, etc. Association Scientifique, Con- gres de Reims, 18th August, 1880. 1393. 1880. Conring, Colonel Adolph von.—Marroco \jc das Land und die Leute. Allgemeine geographische und ethnographische Ver- haltnisse. Yerfassung. Stadte. Land. Bewohner. Handelsbeziehungen. Pro- dukte. Politische Yerhaltnisse. Europaer und deren Yertreter. Aus neuester eigner Anschauung geschildert. Berlin: 8vo, pp. viii.+ 334. With a map of the country and a plan of the city of Merakish (Morocco) : the first very rough, the second copied from Lambert, No. 1024. This book is chiefly remarkable for its blunders and the scandalous stories regarding the Consular and diplomatic staff with which the author thought fit to cram it. These libels were the theme of several questions in Parliament and some diplomatic correspondence. A second edition was published in 1881, and a Spanish translation in 1881 (Marruecos, el pais y sus habitantes). Madrid: 8vo, pp. 362. 1394. 1880. Maroc.—Rapport Consulaire. Bull. Consul, franpais, fascicule S. 1395. 1881. Trotter, Captain Philip Durham, 93rd Highlanders.—Our Mission to the Court of Morocco in 1880, under Sir John Drummond Hay, K.C.B., Minister Plenipotentiary and Envoy Extraordinary to His Majesty the Sultan. Illustrated from photographs by the Hon. D. Lawless. Edinburgh : 8 vo, pp. 310. With map and 31 illustrations. The mission went from Tangier to Fez, thence to Mekenes and Rabat, returning along the coast by Sla (Salli) Mehedia, El-Araisk (Laraiche) and Azila. 1396. 1881. Ball, John.—General List of Plants collected on tour from Tangier to Fez by Miss Drummond Hay, 1880., Appendix A. to Trotter’s 380 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. “ Our Mission to the Coast of Morocco in 1880 under Sir John Drummond Hay,” etc. (No. 1395). pp. 295-301. 1 This list comprises 168 species, and according to M. Cosson “est le principal document que nous possedions sur la flore encore tres peu connue de cette partie du Maroc.” 1397. 1881. Mathews, Felix A., Consul, U.S.A. — North-West Africa and Timbuctoo. Bull. Amer. Geog. Soc., No. 4, pp. 196-219. See also No. 1537. 1398. 1881. “Sareelle” (C. A. Payton).—A Wild-goose Chase in Shiadma. Field. 18 June. 1399. -The Shooting Season at Mogador. 1. c., 16tli July. 1400. - Mackerel Fishing at Mogador. 1. c., 15 October. 1401. 1881. [Colgass, NT .].—A Peep at the Moghrebens. Three articles, Temple Bar, London, February, March, April, vol. lxi. (1) Tangier, pp. 241-9; (2) Tangier to Tetuan, pp. 377-383 ; (3) Tetuan, pp. 523-31. 1402. 1881. Andree, Richard.—Zur Volkskunde der Juden. 8vo, pp. 296, with map showing the relative density of the Jewish population in Central Europe. A good account of the Jews in Morocco, pp. 195-199. He estimates their number at 200,000. 1403. 1881. Regulations respecting the mode of payment, &c., of the Agra¬ rian and Gate Taxes (“L’impot Agricole” et “la Taxe dite desPortes”) in Morocco. Dated Tangier, 3rd March. Hertslet’s Treaties, vol. xv., p 253. 1404. 1881. Lapeen, 'Vice-Consul.—Report on the trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1879. Cons. Comm. Rep. received at F.O. during 1880, Part i., p. 799. 1405. 1881. Imossi, Vice-Consul.—Report on the British shipping at Larache for 1879. 1. c., p. 801. 1406. 1881. Redman, Vice-Consul.—On the trade of Mazagan for 1 . c., p. 802. 1407. 1881. Frost, Vice-Consul.—On the Trade of Rabat for 1879. p. 806. 1408. 1881. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—On the Trade of Saffi for 1879. p. 810. 1409. 1881. White, Consul.—-On the Trade of Tangier for 1879. Part ii., p. 1540. 1879. 1. c„ 1 . c., 1 . c., 1410. 1881. Vernes d’Arlandes, Th.—En Algerie a travers l’Espagne et le Maroc. Paris : 12mo, pp. 420. 1411. 1881. Venegas, Pedro de Cordoba.—Embajada a Marruecos de., Ano de 1581. From a MS. in the library of the Royal Historical Academy of Madrid, entitled £ Relation de todo al embaxador Pedro Varegas de Cordova en el viage que hizo a la ciudad de Marruecos con cierta embaxada que su magestad le embio al rrei Muley Hamet rrei de Marruecos y Fez.’ Vol. ix., No. 3 pp. 198- 205. 1. c. See Nos. 83, 1803. 1412. 1881. El Berberisco.—Spanish comic weekly (Ceuta). Began May 11th, but did not reach more than one issue. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 381 1413. 1881. Mazet, A. du.—Les Oulad Sidi Chick et les territoires insurges de la Province d’Oran. Piev. de Geogr. Paris, t. viii., p. 451. This tribe, though belonging to Algeria, has a nabit of seeking shelter in Morocco after any of the insurrectionary movements to which it is so much addicted. 1414. - La Frontiere Marocaine. 1. c., t. ix., p. 444-451. Describes the frontier as delimited by the treaty of 1845. He maintains that tranquillity in Algeria is impossible under it, and that the true limit is from the Moluia on the north to the Wad Gir or Wad Zig in the south. 1415. 1881. Cherbonneau.—Les Limites reelles de l’Algerie. 1. c., Juillet. 1416. 1881. Gourgeot, F., Ex-interprete principal de l’armee d’Afrique.— Situation politique de l’Algerie—Le sud—Bou Amama—Les Oulad Sidi Cheikhe —Figuig-—-Le Tell—Les Colons—Marabouts—Chorfa—Dyouad—Zenatza—Les Grands Chefs—Les Fellahs—Les Kranner—Tiyout—El Adred—Creation d’une Makhezen—Les goums—-Pouvoirs politiques, pouvoirs administratifs, &c. Paris: 8 vo, pp. 190. 1417. 1881. Marokko. — Handel und Schifffahrt des Sultanats und seiner Haupthafen in J. 1880. Deutsches Handelsarchiv, July Heft. 1418. 1881. Maroc.—Rapport Consulaire. Bull. Consul, francais, fascicule 1. 1419. 1881. Cosson, Ernest Saint-Charles, Membre de l’Institut.—Compen¬ dium Flora Atlanticaj seu expositio methodica plantarum omnium in Algeria necnon in regno Tunetano et imperio Maroccano hucusque notarum; ou Flore des Etats Barbaresques, Algerie, Tunisie et Maroc. Yol. i. Premiere partie—Histo- rique et geographic. 8vo, pp. 265, maps. He gives a list of about 285 Articles, containing the authorities he has quoted. Yol. ii. published in 1883-87. Paris : 8vo, pp. cviii. and 367. Supplement a la partie historique et Flore des Etats Barbaresques.—Renonculacees— Cruciferes; Addenda et Emendanda. See No. 1762. 1420. 1881. Fillias, Achille.—Campagne du Maroc—Tanger—Isly—Mogador, 1844. Alger, 8vo, pp. 40, with a sketch-map of the northern part of Morocco. After the defeat of Abd-el-Kadir in 1843, he retired to Morocco. The French made an entrenched camp at Lalla Maghnia, and complications with the Sultan ensued. A squadron was sent to the coast of Morocco under the Prince de Joinville, and Tangier and Mogador were bombarded. 1421. 1881. Bouty.—Etat de, la question de Trans-saharien. Bull, de la Soc. Geogr. Oran, Supp. No. 10, map. This was read at the French Ass. for the Ad. of Sc. at Algiers in 1881. He describes the three tracks proposed :—1. That in surveying which Flatters lost his life. 2. That of M. Choisy, via El-Aghuat and Golea. 3. That of M. Pouyanne, see No. 1695, through Morocco to Senegal. 1422. 1881. Bordier.—Le trace central du chemin de fer Trans-saharien. Bull. Soc. des Sc. Phys. Nat. et Climat. d’Alger, 1880, No. 3. 1423. 1881. Normand, Ch.—Le chemin de fer Central-africain. Rev. Geogr. Internat., No. 48, p. 235. 1424. 1881. Bourde, P.—La France au Soudan. Le chemin de fer Trans- saharien. Rev. des deux Mondes, Feb. 382 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1425. 1881. Leclerq, Jules, President of the Brussels Geographical Society.-— De Mogador a Biskra—Moroc et Algerie. Paris: 18mo. pp. 258, with map. A coast trip by the usual steamer route. Reviewed by Ad. F. de Fontpertuis in L s £conomiste Francais, 27 Aug., pp. 263-266, under the title “ Le Maroc, ses populations, ses villes et ses ressources.” See also L’Exploration, xi., No. 204, p. 81-87. 1426. 1881. Marial, W. — Les Marocains du Sud. L’Exploration, t. xii., No. 248, p. 746. Reprinted from ‘ L’Echo d’Oran.’ Gives a short account of the Hamianes, the Oulad Sidi CheiJch, the Doui Menia and of Figuig. 1427. 1881. D’Ideville, Comte H., Ancien Prefet d’Alger.—Le Marecbal Bugeaud d’apres sa correspondance intime et des documents inedites, 1784-1849. Paris : Svo. 2 vols. An English translation by Miss C. M. Yonge published in 1884, entitled, “Memoirs of Marshal Bugeaud from his private correspondence and original documents, 1784-1849.” London : 2 vols., 8vo, pp. 363 and 365. Chaps, vi. and vii. relate to the Morocco campaign, the battle of Isly, and the bombardment of Tangier and Mogador. 1428. 1881. Jordana, D. Jose.—Parte Oriental del bajalato de Tetuan, bajo el punto de Yista de la colonization. Madrid : from the Revista de Espaiia. 1429. 1881. -La Agrecultura de Marruecos. From the Revista Contem- poranea. 1430. 1881. Santoja, D. Antonio y Diaz Perona.—Espaiia en el Riff, 6 apuntes sobre las plazas espaholas en la costa de Africa. Tudela de Navarra: 2 vols., Svo. 1431. 1881. Sabatier, Camille.—La question du Sud-ouest. Alger: Svo, pp. 70, with map. The author gives an account, geographical and political, of the Sahara, and his ideas of the means of preventing future disturbances—one, of course, being a rectification of frontier. Chap. i. treats of the Algerian Sahara. Chap. ii. of that of Morocco. Chap. iii. of the present condition of the Sahara and of the influence of religious sects. Chap. iv. of the means of preventing risings in the Sahara. 1432. 1881. Jackson, James, Archiviste-Bibliothecaire de la Soc. de Geo- graphie de Paris.—Liste provisoire de Bibliographies Geographiques Speciales. Paris: 8vo. pp. vi. and 340. As far as Morocco is especially concerned, this only quotes the Biblio¬ graphical notices of Renou (No. 706), and Fernandez Duro (Nos. 1254, 1259). 1433. 1881. Mahon.'—Commerce et Navigation de Mogador et Safy en 1879. Bull, consulaire francais. Paris : 4to, pp. 1155. The report in question occupies from p. 37-16. 1434. 1881. Espada, M. Jimenez de la.—Espaiia en Berberia. Bol. Soc. Geogr., Madrid, ix., No. 4, pp. 293-340. With map of the territories to the south of Morocco: “ Copiado del general que en vista de los trabajos ineditos y mas recientes ha compuesto el Exmo. Sr. D. Francesco Coello.” 1435. 1881. Conferencia del Doctor Lenz pronunciada en la sesion extraordi- naria del 10 de Marzo. 1. c., x., p. 222-226. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 383 1436. 1881. Benitez, Christ.—Viaje por Marrueccos el Desierto del Sahara y Sudan al Senegal. 1. c., x., p. 337 ; xi., p. 7. 1437. 1881. Ovilo y Canales, D. Felipe. — La Mujer Marroqui estud'io social. Por . . . Illustrada con cromos al lapiz y dibujos a, la pluma por Demu- crito. Madrid: 8vo, pp. 215 and pp. 5 of Index (contents). A very valuable (and outspoken) work by the Physician of the Spanish Legation at Tangier. The plates are life-like. 1438. - Estudios politicos y sociales sobre Marruecos. Madrid: 8vo. (From the Eevista Contemporanea.) 1439. 1881. Collaijo, Josd Daniel .—Colonias portugczas em paiz estrangeiro. Em Marrocos. Bob Soc. de Geogr. de Lisboa. 2 serie, vi., p. 433—456. 1440. 1881. Duveyrier, Henri.—Ilistorique des Voyages a Timbouktou. Bull. Soc. Geogr. Paris, 7 me Set - ., t. i., p. 195. Proc. Boy. Geog. Soc. 1881. N. S., vol. iii., pp. 316-317. The first visit recorded is that of Taul Imbert, who died in slavery in Morocco in 1630. Major Laing followed from Tripoli in 1826, but was killed after reaching it. Bene Caille (or Caillie, the name being spelt both ways, the first being adopted some years before his death) in 1828 was more successful; he entered Africa from Senegal, and went N. through Morocco to Tangier. Barth in 1854 and 1855 started from Tripoli. The Babbi Mordokkhai Abi Serur (1857), and Lenz (ut infra ) followed, both from Morocco. 1441. 1881. Armand, P.—Voyage du Dr. 0. Lenz. L’Exploration, t. xi. part 1. This is an account of the voyage of Dr. Lenz from Morocco to Senegal. The portion especially devoted to the former country is from pp. 617 to 618. 1442. 1881. Lenz, Oskar.—Kurzer Bericht fiber meine Beise von Tanger nach Timbuktu u. Senegambia. Zeitsch. Gesellsch. ffir Erdkunde, Berlin, xvi., No. 4, pp. 272-293 (with map). 1443. - Voyage du Maroc au Senegal. Bev. de Ge'ogr., t. viii., p. 371 et seq. with map. This is the text of the address given by Dr. Lenz at the Soc. de Geogr. de Paris, on the 1st April, 1881 ( ut infra). Dr. Lenz gave a similar address at Madrid on the 10th March, at an extra¬ ordinary meeting of the Geographical Society there. Bol. Soc. Geogr. de Madrid, t. x., p. 222-226. 1444. - Voyage du Maroc au Senegal. 1. c., March pp. 199-226, with a map on which the routes of all the above-mentioned travellers are marked. From Tangier Lenz made a preparatory journey to Tetuan, thence he proceeded to Fez, Mekenes, Babat, Marakish, crossed the Atlas to Tarudant and Ilegh, and thence in a S.E. direction to Timbuktu. He returned by Senegambia. See Bull, de Soc. Geogr., Lyons, March 27, 1881, and Proc. B. G. S., 1881; N. S., vol. iii., pp. 317-318, 371. 1445. 1881. Perrot, L4on, officier de cavalerie.—Itineraire de Geryville a Figuig et retour. 1. c., Oct., pp. 274-302, with map. The author, a cavalry officer, formed part of the Expedition to Figig under Colonel Colonieu in 1868. Attached to the memoir are two tables showing this route and that of Colonel de Colomb in 1866. 384 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1446. 1881. Dubois, Albert.— L’Espagne, Gibraltar ct la Cote Marocaine. Notes d’une touriste. Mons: 8vo, pp. 110. 1447. 1881. Marokko, Handel und Schifffalirt des Sultanats und seiner Haupt- hafen in 1880. Deutsches Handelsarch., p. 558. 1448. 1881. Kobelt, Wilhelm. — Reisebriefe (Spanien, Oran, Nord-Marokko) Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoolog. Gesellschaft, 1881-1882. These papers contain descriptions of Ilyal/ina tetuanenses, Leucochroa Debeauxii and a number of other species, which like those in his £ Iconographie,’ are in some cases pronounced by M. Bourguignat to be mere varieties of common forms, or in other instances species already described by him (Pechaud’s ‘ Excursions Malacologiques,’ pp. 18, 54, etc.). 1449. 1881. Cliavanne, J.— Dr. Lenz’s ‘ Forschungsreise von Marokko iiber Timbuktu nacli Senegambien.’ Deutsche Geographisclie Rundschau, vol. iii., No. 10, 11, with map. 1450. 1881. Aldrich, T. B.—A Day in Africa. ‘Harper’s Magazine,’vol. lxiv. (American edition); vol. ii. (European edition), pp. 241-250, pp. 346-355, with 12 illustrations. An account of a trip from Gibraltar to Tangier. Pleasantly written, but amazingly inaccurate. The author is astonished at seeing no coin “ less than three centuries old,” and says that he picked up one “ dated 1288.” He was evidently unaware that the dates were those of the Hejira! 1451. 1882. Playfair, Sir It. Lambert.—Handbook (Murray’s) to the Medi¬ terranean its cities, coasts and islands, for the use of general Travellers and Yachtsmen. 2nd edition. London : 8vo, pp. 278. A 3rd Edition in 1890. At pp. 1-8 is an account of the Coast of Morocco from Tangier to the frontier of Algeria. 1452. 1882. Marokko.—Herabsetzung des Einfuhrzolls auf Nakrungsniittel. Deutsches Handelsarchiv (Gesetzgebung), June Heft. Zeitweise Ausfuhr von Knochen. Ibid. July Heft. Konvention betr. Ausiibung des Schutzrechts. Ibid. August Heft. Zeitweilige Erbffnung der Hafen Agadir and Assaca. Ibid. October Heft. Handel und Schiff'fahrt des Sultanats Marokko i. J. 1881. Ibid. (Berichte), December Heft. 1453. 1882. Agadir, Morocco. Naut. Maga. No. 8, pp. 600-602. 1454. 1882. Howard Vyse, Mrs. L. — A Winter in Tangier and home through Spain. London : 8vo, pp. 276. Full of personalities which are only excusable in a volume “ printed for private circulation.” 1455. 1882. Warren, Captain Fred., P., R.H. •—Gibraltar, is it worth holding? and Morocco. A Letter to Charles Magniac, Esq., M.P., President of the London Chambers of Commerce, and to the Chambers of Commerce of Great Britain. London : 8vo, pp. 27, 2 maps [no date on titlepage]. The author argues the exchange of Gibraltar for Ceuta as more defensible. A few copies of this pamphlet were also printed for private circulation in the course of the year 1881. 1456. 1882. “ Sarcelle ” (C. A. Payton). — Wild-fowling in Morocco. Field, 8th April. 1457. -- A Glance at Agadir. 1. c., 2nd Sept. 1458. - Sand-grouse and Shebbel. 1. c., 30th Sept. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 385 1459. 1882. Waltham, Edward.—Our Journey to Fez. London: 8vo, p. 47. Privately printed (Waterlow and Sons). A very pleasant account of the journey to Fez by the author, his wife and son. 1460. 1882. [Stuttfleld, Hugh E. M.]—Four Months in Morocco. Blackw. Maga., vol. 132, pp. 724-741. Sporting experiences. The author visited only Tangier and Merakish. 1461. 1882. Morais, H. S.—The Daggatouns; a tribe of Jewish origin in the Desert of Sahara. Philadelphia : 12mo, pp. 14. Practically a translation of Mordokkhai’s Work, No. 1376. 1462. 1882. Warner, Charles Dudley.—Across Africa. Atlantic Monthly, vol. 50, pp. 165-176. This journey “across Africa” was through the narrowest part of it, between Cape Spartel and the Bay of Tetuan! 1463. 1882. G-ilbard, Major (Garrison Librarian).—A Popular History of Gibraltar and its institutions, and its neighbourhood on both sides of the Straits, etc. [Almost annual editions.] Gibraltar: sm. 4to, pp. 215, with plan of Gibraltar, &c. The “ Trips to Barbary” occupy pp. 80-91. The latest issue is that for 1892, “ The Gibraltar Directory and Guide Book,” edited by Cavendish Boyle, C.M.G., and B. Bandbury. 1464. 1882. Lapeen, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1886. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. at F. 0. during 1881, Part i., p. 498. 1465. 1882. Redman, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan for 1880. 1. c., p. 501. 1466. 1882. Payton, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1880. 1. c., p. 504. 1467. 1882. Frost, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat for 1880. 1. c., p. 515. 1468. 1882. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Tangier for 1880. 1. c., p. 519. 1469. 1882. Basset, Rene.—Relation de Sidi-Brahim de Massat dans le Sous. Bull, de la Soc. de Geogr. de l’Est, No. 3, pp. 524 and 707. See also No. 1720. 1470. 1882. Beneden, Ch. van.—Au Nord-Ouest de l’Afrique. Maderes, les lies Canaries, le Maroc. Brussels: 18mo, pp. 113. 1471. 1882. Prevost, Duclos.—Une Aventure a Timbouctou. Paris: 18vo, pp. 396, with map. 1472. 1882. Brown, Robert.—The Peoples of the World. London: 4to, 6 vols., with many illustrations. In vol. ii., pp. 202-205 the Berbers are sketched. In the same volume, p. 208, some account is given of the Moors. In vol. iii., p. 203, further reference is made to them. In vol. v., pp. 138-142, the Iberian theory is discussed. In vol. ii., p. 206, and vol. v., p. Ill, the Tuaregs find a place. This work originally “ The Races of Mankind ” in 4 vols., and of which several editions have been issued, appeared in serial form, the first part being issued in 1881, and the last five years later. 1473. 1882. Defournoux, Dr.—Du Maroc en Tunisie. Compte-Rendu des Seances, Soc. de Geogr. Paris, 1882, No. 17, pp. 391-392 and 409-412. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 386 1474. 1882. M’rali Ould Bel-Hadgi.—De Tlemjen au Maroc. Bull. Soc. de Geogr. Bordeaux, p. 269. 1475. 1882. Castries, Capitaine de.—Notes sur Figuig. Bull. Soc. Geog. Paris, 7 me Ser., t. iii., p. 401—115, with map of the environs and two woodcuts in the text. Also Bull. Soc. Geogr. Oran, No. 14, p. 242-254. 1476. 1882. Hamy, Dr. E. T.—Notes sur les figures et les inscriptions gravees dans la roche a el-Hadj Mimoun, pres Figuig. Bev. d’Ethnographie, t. i., p. 129- 137, with five illustrations. [See also L’illustration, Journal universel, t. is., p. 284, 3 July, 1847.] 1477. 1882. Bonelli, Capitan Emilio.—El ’Imperio de Marruecos y su cou- stitucion. Description de su geografia, topografia, administracion, industria, agri- cultura, comercio, artes, religioo, costumbres, razas que lo puehlan, yestudiode su importancia politica y militarmente considerada. Madrid : 4to, pp. 206. 1478. 1882. Jordana y Morena, J.—-Parte oriental del Hajalato de Tetuan, bajo el punto de visita de la colonizacidn. Boll. Soc. Ge>gr. Madrid, t. xii., pp. 110-142. 1479. 1882. La Frontera Marroqui. 1. c., t. xii., p. 106. 1480. 1882. El Sus, el Uad-Nun y el-Sahara.—1. c., t. xii, p. 513. A review of the Article published by Mr. Felix A. Mathews, Consul- General, U.S.A., on the same subject. 1481. 18S2. Codrington, Gen. Sir W. G.—Gibraltar and Ceuta. (Re- printed from the Times.) London : 8vo. 1482. 1882. Crema, C. F.—Missione italiana de Tangeri a Marocco e Mogador, diretta dal Ministro Comm. S. Scovasso. Guida Cora’s Cosmos, vol. vii. (1883), pp. 292-317; vol. viii. (1884), pp. 11-13, 44-51, 103-112, 225-258. 2 maps, 7 fig. 1483. 1882. Costa, D. Joaquin.—El comercio espahol y la Cuestion de Africa. Madrid : 8vo. 1484. 1882. Camara, R. da.—Viagens em Marocos. Lisbon : 8vo. ±485. 1882. Paulitschke, Dr. Philipp.—Die Afrika-Literatur in der Zeit von 1500 bis 1750 n. Ch. Ein Beitrag zur geographischen Quellenkunde. Wien : 8vo, pp. 122. Pages 38-75 contain the bibliography of North Africa, Egypt, Tripoli, Tunis, Algiers and Morocco. The titles are abbreviated, and there is no indication as to the size of the works. 1480. 1882. Drude, Dr. Oscar. Die Floristische Erforschung Nord-Afrikas von Marokko bis Barka. Petermann’s Geogr. Mittlieih, 28 Bd., pp. 143-150. 1487. 1882. Rohlfs, G.—Liegt ein Grand vor, die Stadtebevolkerung von Marokko, Algerien, Tunisien und Tripolitanien als eine besondere zu betrachten und zu benennen ? Ausland, No. 16, p. 301-307. Reprinted in “ Quid novi ex Africa,” pp. 131-145. 1488. 1882. Lenz, Dr. Oskar. Steinwerkzeuge aus der Sahara. * Ausland, vi., No. 1, pp. 13-15. 1489. - Die Machazneyah in Marokko. Deutsche Rundschau f. Geogr., vol. iv. 1490. Die Militarverhaltnisse. Marokkos Gegenwart, ibid. 1882, No. 34. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 387 1491. 1882. Cosson, Ernest St. Chai’les.—Illustrationes Floras Atlantic*, seu leones plantarum novarum, rariorum vel minus cognitarum in Compendio Atlantic* descriptarum. 8vo. An Atlas of plates to illustrate the Compendium. (No. 1419.) It appears in parts and is still in course of publication. 1492. 1882. Schweiger-Lerchenfeld, A. V. — Ein Bollwerk des Islam, Marokko. Oesterreich. Monatsschr. f. d. Orient, No. 6, p. 81-88. 1493. 1882. Maroc. Eapport Consulaire. Bull. Consul, francais, fascicules 11 and 12. 1494. 1882. Newman, F. W.—Libyan Vocabulary: An Essay towards re¬ producing the Ancient Libyan language out of four modern languages. London : 8 vo, pp. 204. 1495. 1883. Al-moghreb Al-aksa.—Spanish (Tangier) Weekly. Founder and Editor, G. T. Abrines. Jan. 28, 1883. Enlarged, 1890. This was the first newspaper started in Tangier. It has its own press, the first introduced into the country. 1496. 1883. Webster, H. A. (Librarian, Edinburgh University).—Morocco. Article in the Encyclopaedia Britannica, 9th ed., vol. xvi., pp. 830-836, with an excellent map. This article is a very careful summary by a writer without any personal knowledge of the country. 1497. 1883. Dangles, Louis Matthieu.—Les Maures au Maroc. Bull, de l’Athenee Orient. Paris, 8vo, Nos. 3 and 4, pp. 226-256. 1498. 1883. El Eco de Ceuta.—Spanish Weekly (Ceuta). Editor, Garcia y Con title. Feb. 15, 1883. It was suppressed in 1886: reappearing as Africa. No. 1690. 1499. 1883. [Trotter, Major Philip Durham.]—A Spring Trip to Morocco, From Tangier to Wazzan. Blackwood’s Edin. Maga., vol. 134, pp. 438-459. The journey of Major Trotter and the Visct. de la Martiniere, in March 1883. 1500. 1883. Cowan, G-. D., and R. L. N. Johnston.—Moorish Lotus-leaves : Glimpses of Southern Morocco. London : 8vo, pp. 286. Life in Mogador and its vicinity; Journeys to Merakish and Agadir, and a good chapter on Moorish cookery. The information is accurate. Reviewed in ‘ Athenaaum,’ 1883, pp. 438-9. 1501. 1883. Cust, Robert Needham.—The Modern Languages of Africa. A sketch of the modern languages of Africa, accompanied by a language map. London: 2 vols. 8vo, with maps. One of Triibner’s Oriental Series. App. C., v. ii., pp. 467-517 : A Bibliographical table of languages, dialects, localities and autho¬ rities containing about 1718 references. App. E., pp. 519-521 : List of books of reference on general subjects, about 74 references. App. D., pp. 539-546 : Alpha¬ betical list of Authors quoted, about 483. There is also a list of 202 works relating to the modern languages of Africa. 1502. 1883. <: Sarcelle” (C. A. Payton).—Among the Azlimza. Field, 13th Jan. 1503. - Shooting near Mogador, 1882-83. 1. c., 29th July. 1504. - At Agadir again. 1. c., 29th July and 18th Aug. 1505. - Bass-fishing at Mogador. 1. c., 15th Dec. 388 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1506. 1883. Ijapeen, Vice-Consul.—Report on tlie Trade of Dar-el-Baida for 1881. Cons. Comm. Rep. rec. at F. 0. during 1882, Pt. I., p. 584. 1507. 1883. Redman, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Mazagan for 1881. 1. c., p. 587. 1508. 1883. Frost, Vice-Cousul.—Report on the Trade of Rabat for 1881. 1. c., i?. 590. 1509. 1883. Payton, Consul.—Report on the Production of Gum Euphorbium. 1 . c., p. 110. 1510. -Report on the Trade of Mogador for 1881. 1. c., p. 213. 1511. 1883. Hunot, Vice-Consul.—Report on the Trade of Saffi for 1881. 1. c., p. 1573. 1512. -Report on the Production of Gum Euphorbium. 1. c., p. 112. 1513. 1883. White, Consul.—Report on the Trade of Tangier for 1881. 1. c., p. 1056. 1514. 1883. Maroc.—Rapport Consulaire. Bull. Consul, francais, fascicule 4. 1515. 1883. Postel, R.—En Tunisie et au Maroc. Paris : 12mo, pp. 217, with illustrations by Dr. L. M. Reuss. 1516. 1883. La Cavalerie et l’Artillerie du Maroc. Rev. Scient. (Rev. Rose), t. 31, p. 383. Extracted from the Rev. Militaire de l’£tr., redigee a l’liltat-Major General du Ministre de la Guerre. 1517. 1883. Ideville, Henri d’.—Trente-deux ans a travers l’Islam, 1832- 1864. Correspondent, t. 132, p. 32-65. A review of the forthcoming work of M. Leon Roche. See No. 1575. 1518. 1883. Basset, Rene.—Les Manuscrits arabes de deux Bibliofheques de Fas. Bull. Corresp. Afr. Alger., 8vo, Fasc. vi., Nov. et Dec. 1882, p. 366. The libraries of Fez have been supposed to be the richest in Arabic literature which exist, and it has even been said that the missing books of Livy are in the Mosque of Karouin. This list was obtained from Fez by M. Ordega, French Minister, and though manifestly incomplete, containing only 240 vols., goes to prove that the value of the libraries in question is greatly exaggerated. Sir John Drummond Hay in vain offered rewards for any European MSS. in Fez. (No. 424.) 1519. 1883-1889. -——— Mission scientifique en Algerie et au Maroc. Bull, de la Soc. de Geogr. de l’Est, Nancy, 4 e trimestre et seq., No. 3. 1520. -- Notes de Lexicographic Berbere. Paris: 8vo. pp. 62, reprinted from the Journ. Asiatique. See also Nos. 1620, 1687, 1849. This contains a vocabulary of the Rif dialect, compiled by the author from natives of that country whom he met at Tlennjen. 1521. - Relation de Sidi Brahim de Massat dans le Sous, traduite sur le texte Chelha et annotee. Paris: 8vo, pp. 33. A Spanish edition in 1886. No. 1720. The author says of this work : “ C’est un des rares monuments de la langue Berbere, qui n’ont pas ete empruntes a des sources Arabes.” It was written at the request of Mr. Hodgson by a Taleb of Massat in the Sus, in the Berber and Arabic languages, and contains an account of that country and the neighbouring provinces, with information regarding their history, arts and commerce. See also No. 716. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 389 1522. 1883. Le Rbveil du Maroe. — French (Tangier) Weekly. Begun July 14, 1883. The founder and first editor was Levi A. Cohen, assisted by Abraham Pimienta. After his death it was conducted by Lucien Bucau and A. de Iverdec Cheny, the latter of whom is the present “ Bedacteur en Chef.” Enlarged Jan. 1885. This paper has its own press, at which No. 1861 was printed. 1523. 1883-1889. Slane, Le Baron de.—Catalogue des Manuscrits Arabes de la Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. 2 parts only published, 4to, pp. 656. The following are more especially connected with Morocco:— No. 1575. Encyclopedic d’Al-Nowa'iri. Ce volume commence par le sixieme i_ j\ s du cinquieme du cinquieme Cette partie renferme: 1. Histoire de la Mauritanie depuis la conquete musulmane jusqu’jl la chute de la dynastie Almohade, &c. No. 1576. Encyclopedic d’Al-Nowai'ri . . . renfermant. . . courtes notices consacrees aux princes qui regnerent ... a Sale. No. 1577. Extraits de l’Encyclopedie d’Al-Nowai'ri: 1. Histoire des Almohades d’Espagne et d’Afrique et de la conquete de la ville de Maroc. . . . 3. Passage interpole relatif au Sultan Abou Yousof Ya‘qoub, mort a Sale. No. 1588. Sources historiques , par Ibn Schakir Fakhr al-Din Mohammad al-Kotobe. 8 me vol. (fol. 27, v°.) ‘Histoire de la Mauri¬ tanie.’ No. 1868. Le Compagnon qui fait le Cliarnie, du Jardin de Qartds, ou Histoire des rois de la Mauritanie, ainsi que de la ville de Fez, par Ibn Abi Zar‘ (ffjj) Abou ’l-Hasan Ali ibn Mohammad. Tel parait etre le veritable titre de cet important ouvrage, qui a ete traduit en allemand par Dombey, en Portugais par le P. Moura, en francais par Beaumier, et publie, avec une traduction latine, par Tornberg. Le Jardin public appele Qartas avait ete cree dans le voisinage de Fez par Ziri ibn Atiya, souverain de cette ville et chef de la grande tribu des Maghrawa, qui porta lui-meme le surnom de Quartas et dont le regne se prolongea jusqu’en 391 de l’h4gire. See Nos. 26, 465, 554, 646, 8/1. No. 1871. ^ ^ 3 ^ ASP, Collier des perles brillantes. Opuscule dans laquelle on demontre l’authenticite de la genealogie dTdris, fondateur de la dynastie des Idrisides. L’auteur raconte l’histoire de ce prince et donne une courte description de Fez. No. 1873. IxtS VyU (J , Robes de Couleur ou histoire de la ville de Maroc. No. 1880. .. •• *» ZJSL> jS\ Conquete de la Mauritanie par les Musulmans. Attributed to Abou ’l-Hasan Bakri. No. 1892. Histoire de la ville de Ghadames . . . Mauvaise compilation 5. (fol. 64) Histoire de Maulay Soliman, Empereur du Maroc, 1787- 390 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 1788. 6. (fol. 72, v°) Notice topographique et historique cle la ville de Fez, tiree d’un ouvrage d’Ahmad ibn ‘Abd Allah al-Barnousi. No. 2297. Le fruit des efforts dans la negotiation cCun traite de paix et dans la guerre sainte par le litterateur de la dynastie haschimide (du Maroc ) et le Secretaire de Les Commandements obeis et respectes, le juris- consulte Sidi Ahmad ibn al-Mahdi al-Ghazzdl al-FdsL Relation d’une Mission diplomatique pres de la cour d’Espagne en 1179 de l’Hegire (1765- 1766) dont fat charge le susdit par Abou ‘Abd Allah Mohammud ibn ‘Abd Allah, Empereur du Maroc. No. 2327. 5 55 „ 436. Ditto. 4th November, 1662, to 4th May, 1663. 2183. 33 55 „ 437. Ditto. E. Sackville, 28th October, 1680, to 1st Jan. 1682. 2184. 55 55 „ 438. Ditto. P. Kirke, 1st January, 1682, to 10th January, 1684. 2185. 55 55 „ 439. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. (Duplicate.) 2186. 55 309, „ 1217. Army (Paymasters, &c.). Sir R. Harley, Paymaster of the troops at Tangier, 1662. 2187. 55 55 „ 1218. Ditto. T. Povey, Receiver-General and Treasurer for Tangiers, 4th November, 1662, to 20th March, 1664. 2188. 55 55 „ „ Ditto. Ditto, ditto. (Duplicate.) 2189. 55 310, „ 1220. Ditto. S. Pepys. Ditto. (No Date.) 2190. 55 55 „ 1221. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. 30th December, 1667, to 31s December, 1671. 2191. 55 55 „ 1222. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. 31st December, 1671, to 30th December, 1674. 2192. 55 55 ,,1223. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. (No date.) 2193. 55 55 „ 1224. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. 31st December, 1674, to 31st December, 1677. 2194. 55 55 „ 1225. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. 1st Jan., 1678, to 30th April, 1680. 2195. 55 35 „ 1226. Ditto. W. Hewer. Ditto. 30th April, 1680, to 30th June, 1681. 2196. 55 55 „ 1227. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. 30th June, 1681, to 25th March, 1684. 2197. 55 182, „ 552. Army (Contractors, &c.). Sir D. Ganden and others. Victuals for the garrison of Tangier, 1st October, 1677, to 30th September, 1678. 2198. 55 35 „ 553. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. (Duplicate.) 2199. 55 35 „ 554. Ditto. A. Sturt. Ditto. 29th September, 1678, to 5th February, 1684. 2200. 55 578, „ 504. Commissariat (abroad). Sir R. Harley. Clothes for the troops sent to Tangiers, 1661. 2201. 55 2521, „ 616. (Works and fortifications.) Sir H. Cholmeley, con- * Parallel information is to be found in the Pipe Office Declared Accounts. 446 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. tractor for the Mole at Tangier, 25tli Mar., 1663, to 30th June, 1666. 2202 . Bundle 2251, Boll 617. Ditto. Ditto, ditto. (Duplicate.) IV.—War Office (Ordnance) Records—Debenture Books. 2203 . 2204 . 2205 . 2206 . 1670-S4. 1677, Feb. 6 1678-1687. 1674-1680. Tangier. Ditto. Ditto. The Book of Tangier. V.—Calendars of State Papers. There are many interesting documents connected with Morocco in other series of State papers preserved in the Public Record Office. These are hardly accessible to the student, with the exception of such as are noted in the various Calendars pub¬ lished under the direction of the Master of the Rolls. The following are some of the most important:— Domestic Series. 2207 . Vol. 1581-1590. Martyrdom of Peter Elenis, 85. 2208 . Vol. 1591-1594. Captivity of Louisa Tunes, 395. 2209 . Vol. 1598-1601. Political state of Morocco, 461. 2210. Vol. 1625-1626. Ambassadors from Morocco, 529. Slaves at Sallee, 51, 79,167, 213, 241, 343, 414,516. Man-of-war captured by five Englishmen, 257, 260, 268, 339, 381, 405, 427. Sallee pirates on the Coast of England ; nume¬ rous entries from p. 10 to 341. Petition from the wives of 2000 captives at Sallee, 516. 2211. Vol. 1627-1628. Loss of £26,000, caused by pirates of Sallee, 146. Forty-three captives released from Sallee, 205. Ambassador for Sallee, 367. 2212. Vol. 1628-1629. Proclamation to H.M. subjects to treat people of Sallee and Tetuan kindly, 328, 356, 425. 2213 . Vol. 1629-1631. Mission of Captain John Harrison to Morocco, 60, 94, 350. Capt. Harrison “ finds himself neglected as never was poor gentleman after being seven times employed as agent in Barbary, settling the peace and redeeming captives,” 508. 2214 . Vol. 1631-1633. Mission of Capt. Harrison, 46, 219. 2215 . Vol. 1633-1634. Lodowick, son of Sir John Bowyer, six years in captivity at Sallee, 215. 2216 . Vol. 1634-1635. In Morocco the spoils of our people are their greatest wealth, 69. 2217 . Vol. 1635. Barbary Merchants must trade only to certain ports in Morocco, 533. Petition of relatives of captives in Morocco, 476. Authorities of Sallee imprison all English in the town, 608. 2218 . Vol. 1635-1636. Captain Edmund Bradshaw sent to Morocco for the redemption of captives, 288. Petitions of 1000 poor women whose husbands are “ in woeful slavery and grievous torments in Morocco,” 15. Sallee men- of-war frequent the English Coast, 303. A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 447 2219 . Vol. 1636-1637. Expedition against the pirates of Sallee, 18, 173, 228, 362, 195, 253, 237, 367, 484, 498. Captives in Sallee, 72, 86, 140, 141, 311, 440, 472. Captain Rainsborough appointed Admiral of the fleet employed against Sallee, 212, 237, 239, 251, 363, 430, 431, 458, 508. His instructions, 449. His recommendations, 367. 2220 . Yol. 1637. Capt. Rainsborough’s^ Mission to Morocco, 430, and many other entries. Presents for H.M. embarked at Saffi, 431. Petition of Capt. Bradshaw regarding his Mission to Morocco, 523. Captives, 430, 431, 475. An English Resident for Sallee, 577. 2221 . Yol. 1637-1638. Ambassador from Morocco, 20, 294, 321, 356. Capt. Bradshaw accused of witchcraft, 20. He is committed to the Fleet, 206. Giles Penn, H.M. Consul at Sallee, 42, 116, 468. Late expedition against Sallee, 82, 86, 116. 2222. Yol. 1638-1639. Petition of Capt. Bradshaw from the Fleet, 276. Robert Blake appointed agent in England for the Sultan of Morocco, 69, 329, 356, 363, 380, 501. 2223 . Yol. 1639-1640. Order in Council directing all ships trading to Morocco to go first to Saffi, 379. Contract for saltpetre, 513. 2224 . Yol. 1651-1652. Widow of Edm. Bradshaw petitions Committee of Foreign Affairs to write in her behalf to the Emperor of Morocco, 228, 235. 2225 . Yol. 1652-1653. Robert Downe offers to free thirty-two English men and boys in misery and bondage at Sally for £1000, 339, 342. 2228 . Vol. 1656-1657. Thomas Warren sent to Morocco to liberate captives, 1. Proposal to establish Consulate at Tetuan, 274. 2227 . Yol. 1661-1662. Numerous entries connected with the British occupation of Tangier, and regarding Samuel Pepys, Treasurer for that place. 2228 . Yol. 1663-1664. Many entries regarding the British occupation of Tangier under Lord Tiveot. Regicides sent to Tangier, 536. Death of Lord Tiveot, 610-619, 622, 674. 2229 . Vol. 1664-1665. Many entries regarding Tangier. Lord John Belasyse appointed Governor, 239, 248, 257, 260, 266, 308. 2230 . Vol. 1665-1666. Many entries concerning Tangier. 2231 . Vol. 1666-1667. Numerous entries concerning Tangier. 2232 . Vol. 1667. Correspondence regarding Tangier. Venetian Series. 2233 . Yol. 1202 to 1509. Pietro de Monte Molin, consecrated Bishop of Morocco at Oxford, 1487, p. 169. Foreign Series. 2234 . Vol. 1564-1565. Enterprise of Penon de Velez, 194, 216. 2235 . Yol. 1575-1577. The King of Morocco sends a letter to the Queen, p. 468. Report of Edmund Hogan to the Queen regarding his Mission to Morocco in 1577, p. 598. A very interesting document. See also Nos. 72, 73, 105. Treasury Papers. 2236 . Vol. 1697-1701-2. Captain Delaval’s Mission for the redemption of captives, p. 507-508. Other entries under the heads of Morocco and Tangier. 2237 . Vol. 1702-1707. Pension to family of Sir Palmer Fairborne, died of wounds when governor of Tangier, p. 185. Other entries regarding Tangier and Morocco. 448 A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF MOROCCO. 2238 . Vol. 1708-1714. Present of spotted deer sent by H.M. to Sultan, p. 262, &c. Many other entries regarding Morocco and Tangier. 2239 . Yol. 1714-1719. Captain Paddon’s Mission to Morocco, 25, 117, 132. Capt. Norbury’s Mission, 365. Amongst other presents Capt. Paddon took “a rich crimson velvet sedan or chair for the darling Sultaness, a native of England, £50, and 10 lbs. of the finest tea at 30s. per pound,” 142. Many other entries regarding Morocco, Sallee and Tangier. 2240 . Yol. 1720-1728. “ The exact form and method that all Ministers have ever gone on an Embassy to the Emperor of Morocco, from George Delaval in 1707 to Charles Stewart in 1722,” p. 176. Captain Stewart’s Mission, 62. Numerous entries regarding Morocco, Tangier and Tetuan. Home Office Papers. 2241 . Yol. 1760-1765. Report of Capt. Archibald Cleveland, giving particulars of his Mission to the Emperor of Morocco. Arrived at Mequenez, 10th Nov., 1761. Badly received by the Sultan, who at the audience of farewell informed him that every English subject found on one of his enemies’ ships would be treated as a slave, 83. 2242. Yol. 1766-1769. Much correspondence regarding Morocco, Tangier, Tetuan, Sallee, &c. 2243 . Yol. 1770-1772. Mr. Logie’s Mission to Morocco, 626. Proposal to send a Consul to Morocco, 9. Regarding Consuls at, 52, 171, 397, 517, 591, 593, 626. Sultan orders British Consul to leave Tangier, 26. Presents for Sultan, 9, 39, 140-166, 622-626. Liberation of captives by Ironmongers’ Company, 527, 632. Sultan proposes to repair mole at Tangier, 470. W. Shawe ,’FH.G. S ,• del S’ipplementary Papers, Royal Creoqraphjcal Society , 1892. Turner & SKotb . ( 449 ) INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Abd el-Kader, 637, 703,'750 -applies to England for assist¬ ance, 2117 --, correspondence with, 2127 Abd-el-Melek, Sultan of Morocco, life of, 76 -, letter to Don Sebastian, 79 Abdun, Point Aa£ 0> 11 Abel, tribe of, 1200 Abu’lfeda, Geography of, 598. See Index of Authors Abyla, 6, 9 Adalau, Point 10, 11 Adams, narrative of, 511 Ad Aquilam Majorem, 11 Ad Aquilam Minor cm, 11 Address of London Merchants to Lord Salis¬ bury, 1805 Ad Mercurii, 11 Ad Novas, 11 Ad Promontorium Barbari, 11 Ad Septan Fratres, 11 Ad Tres Insulas, 11 Africa, 43 -(Keith Johnston), 1340 -, account of, 304 -, agriculture of, 1602 -, ancient trade of, 1742 -and Spain under the Arabs, 399 - antiqua, 1682 -, antiquities of, 332 -, Arab conquest of, 740, 783, 793 -, Christiana. See Morcelli -, conquest of, 52, 65 -, discoveries in (Murray), 516 -, description of (Dozy), 974 -, description of, 197, 209 -, early discoveries in, 1312 -, general sketch of, 599 -, geographical positions in, 1562 -, geography of, 91, 213, 331, 463, 1576, 1960. See also Edrisi -, history of, 235, 239 -, languages of, 1501 -, the French in, 608 -, tour of (Hutton), 524 -, Spanish history of, 409 -, travels in, 312 -under the Aghlabites, 632 -, North, 453 -, -, discoveries in, 476 -, -, English interests in, 1616 Africa, North, political condition of, 1685 -, -, search for antiquities in, 1936 -, -, views of, 600 -, North-West, 1397, 1537 -,-Coast of, 1662, 1858, 1859 -,-, travels in (Scobel), 1588 -, West Coast of, 417, 420, 437 -, West Coast mentioned by ancient authors, 1742 Agadir-Ighir, 2 Agadir (j>sf \ = Agdir), 2, 7, 8, 10, 1453, 1457, 1500, 1504 -, affair of, 1698 Ait Hi!ala (£)Jj Jb\ = Ai * AAlak 0> 11 Ain el-Kebrit ( ^), 11 Akra, 2 Alcala (au*)S = Kalaid), 11 \ j*ois]\ = El-Kasr el-Kebir), 11, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 94, 107, 779, 971, 1019, 1317, 1804, 2064. See Battle -, battle of, play of, 94, 101, 1804 Alcazar, play of, 93 Algeria, account of, 184 -and Morocco, political condition of, 1416 -, Sahara, Tchad, 2053 Alhussemas = El-Mazema), 11, 409. See El-Mazemma -, bay of, 11 Ali Bey, journey of, 1223. See Index of Authors Allsopp, Colonel Roger, Deputy-Governor of Tangier, 2154 Almadrones, 11 Almanfor, Roy d’Arabie, 192 Almohades, History of, 712, 2057 Almoravides, History of, 880 Amazirghs ( ( ^j\ - «\ = Amazegh ), 586 Amergo = Seyed Her gob), 11 American commerce, 635 -incident at Tangier, 1963 Alcassar, battle of 450 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Ampclusia , 9 Anasa, 11 Anatis, river, 7, 8 Andalus, 16 Annales Islamismi, 546 - Muslemici, 428 Anecdotes, African, 262 “Ann Lucy,” plunder of, 592, 2119 Anthropology, 1157 Antonine, Itinerary of, 11, 71, 661, 722, 1936 Antonio, King of Portugal, 89, 90 Apes’ Hill, 6, 9. See Jebel Mousa Aquae Dacicae, 11 Arabic language, 481, 499, 597, 648, 704, 836, 862, 883, 1107, 1373, 1389, 1860, 1900, 2012 -language in Portugal, 440 -manuscripts, 899, 904 -MSS. at the Escurial, 1577 -MSS. at Madrid, 1932 -MSS., Spanish, 883 -words in Spanish and Portuguese, 883 Arabo-Hispanic woman, 2034 Arab population, 955 Arabs, establishment of, in Africa, 1161, 1191 -in Spain, domination of, 528 ■- -, history of, 732 -, revolution in empire of, 378 Aragon, annals of kingdom of, 134 -, kingdom of, offers assistance to Moors, 973 Arambys, 2 Archives of Morocco, 2063-2243 Argania, 747, 755, 1259 Arguin, island of = Argogo), 1645, 1662, 1840, 2022a Arib of Cordova, 719 Arlequin a Maroc, 493 Armenians, 5 Arsinarium , 10 Artizan classes, report on, 1066 Arzila. See Azila Asana, river, 7 Ashanti, residence in, 539 “ Astrolobe,” the, 1156 Astronomical instruments, 575, 743 Astronomy, 743, 2023 Atlas and its traditions, 1539 -, ascent of, 1065, 1110 -, discoveries in, 1312 -, exploration in, 1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886 -, journey across, 1007 -, mountaineering in, 1130 -, notes from, 1857 -, region of, 665 Auari Ura (? jjP = Wad Aur), 7. See Wad es-Saka Austria at war with Morocco, 2104 Autololes, 7, 11 Aylmer, Admiral, 2066 Azila = Asela), 6, 138 Azimur, 10 -, capture of, 39 Badia y Leblich. See Ali Bev Ball, John, obituary notice of, 1938 Banasa, 1101 Barbarian cruelty, 307, 379 Barbary, Blaquier’s account of, 520 -, Christianity in, 148, 156, 158 -consulates transferred from Colonial to Foreign Office, 2117 -, History of (Dan - ), 299, q.v.' -in the time of Cisneros, 1322 -, letters from, 438, 602 -, miseries of, 119 -, news from, 141, 142 -, North, travels in, 482 -, Pananti’s account of, 520 -, revolution in, 2142 -, second voyage to, 52, 371 -, South-West, account of, 328 -States, account of, 513 - , affairs of, 350 •-, description of, 697 ---, Jackson’s account of, 508, 515 -, History of, 376, 610 -, mercantile relations with, 549 -, Physical Geography of, 1375 -(Russell), 558 -, travels in, 143, 147, 148, 149, 181, 489 -, trip to, 1463 -, voyage to, 105, 352, 431, 432 -, wars in, 120 -, West, affairs of, 253, 255 Baron, Mr., 2070 Barth. See Index of Names Basra ( ‘ijaAX), ii Battle of El-Ivsar el-Kebir, or of Three Kings. See Alcassar Bcdduza (5jjDD)» 2 Belasyse, Lord, Governor of Tangier, 236, 2136, 2138, 2229 -, -, prisoner in the Tower, 334 Bell, Vice-Consul, 2119 -, --, promoted to Oran, 2122 Belzoni, letters from and death of, 2095 Benabu, 179 Ben-Achache, 1379 Benasa, 11 Beni bu Jaafer Cjibo- y> ^jj), H Beni Ferau<;en, 5 Beni Merin jj), History of, 738 LS -, origin of, i20 Beni Snassen Ycznas ), 1929 Beni Zeiyan 1>), 1798 Bensusan, claim of, 592, 2119 Berber language, 569, 586, 621, 656, 657, 659, 660, 716, 738, 909, 1520-1521, 1620, 1687, 1720, 1769, 1770, 1812, 1849, 1875, 1981, 2011 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 451 Berber population, 955 -, The, a tale, 727 Berbers, 1191, 1472, 1625, 1935 -, migration of, 900 -of Morocco, 643, 644, 1973 -, origin of, 1067 Bermeja Point, 10 Besra, 11 Bethencourt, journey of, 93, 973 Bibliographies, 429, 476, 611, 628, 640, 706, 1084, 1192, 1234, 1254,1299, 1305/1432, 1485, 1501, 1705, 1710,1770, 1797, 1872, 1910, 1960 Bibliotheque orientale, 315 Bilma, 982 Bishop of Morocco consecrated at Oxford in 1487, 2233 Bishoprics in Morocco, 510 Bishops of, 973 Blake, Robert, 186 -, --—, appointed Agent of Sultan in England, 2222 “ Blydorp,” Dutch ship, wrecked, 358 Boar hunting, 1845 Boazzar, Kaid, 379, 512 Bogador, Cape ( = Ras Bogdor), 10, 1228 Botany, 266, 314, 447, 466, 471, 472, 473, 480, 544, 581, 707, 737, 747, 755, 828, 848, 1001, 1022, 1109, 1111, 1131, 1132, 1135, 1136, 1137, 1165, 1179, 1193, 1249, 1259, 1275, 1276, 1299, 1396, 1419, 1486, 1491, 1762, 1763, 1764, 1889 Boueda, Wad, 7 Bougie, 5 Bou Ragreg jij y >)> 8 > 10 Bowyer, Lodowick, captivity of, 2215 Boyle, Captain Robert, voyages of, 343 Bradshaw, Captain, mission of, 2218, 2220 -, -, accused of witchcraft and committed to the Fleet, 2221, 2222 - -, -, widow of, petitions Com¬ mittee of Foreign Affairs, 2224 Brethren of Mount Atlas, 2036 Breugnan, Comte de, 403 Brisson, P. R. de, shipwreck of, 441, 457, 532 British vessels, capture of, 2103, 2104 -wrecked and plundered, 2105 Bugeaud, Marechal, 809 Butler, Mr., captivity of, 1203 Caas, Admiral, 384 Cabi, poem of, 1330 Cabo del Agua, 1, 6, 10, 601, 1627 Cabo Tres Forcas, 10, 11 Caesar, wars of, 5 Caille, Rene, travels of, 2105, 2107 Calpe , 9 Can, Consul U.S.A., imprisonment of, 2110 Canaries, discoveries of, 174 Cantin, Cape 10 Cape Blanc, question of, 1701 Cape Jubi, 10, 1226, 1662, 1758, 1901 Cape Spartel, convention regarding light¬ house on, 939 Captives, American, at Sallee, 254 -, British, in Morocco, 173, 186, 187, 188, 195, 244, 301, 328, 342, 349, 366, 368, 372, 373, 379, 407, 508, 511, 512, 521, 532, 533, 715, 2064, 2065, 2067, 2068, 2069, 2072, 2108, 2169, 2208, 2211, 2213, 2215, 2217, 2218, 2219, 2226, 2236, 2243 -, Danish, 384 -, Dutch, 367, 375, 381 -, French, 167, 190, 210, 261, 270, 295, 302, 308, 327, 330, 341, 344, 362, 403, 431, 441, 457, 460, 526, 534, 535, 711, 750 -, illustrious, 1543 -, Italian, 495 -, Spanish, 150, 151, 323, 33 -, Spanish, at Cabo Blanco, 1255 -, sufferings of, 179 Capucines, missions of, 200 Caracalla, 11 Caricon, 2 Carpets, manufacture of, 1966 Carthage, 43 Carthaginians, 6 Casablanca, 10, 11 -, meteorology of, 1004, 1026 -, navigation at, 1831, 1835 -, trade of, 1045, 1302, 2006 Castille, catastrophe of, 37 Central Africa, geographical researches con¬ cerning, 542 -, human society in, 868 Cerne, island of, 4 Ceuta - Sebtd), 6, 9, 183, 191, 410, 448, 455*, 519, 523, 559, 1481, 1536 -, account of, 899 •-, assistance of English for taking of, 32 -, capture of, 462 -,-, by Genoese, 488 -,-, by Portuguese, 389, 488 -, cavalry regulations at, 902 -, history of, 337, 813, 841 -, military regulations at, 1166 -, municipal laws of, 917 -, peninsula of, 10 ——, proposal to exchauge for Gibraltar, 1455 -, sketch of, 826 -, Spanish victory at (in 1720), 336, 339 -, views of, 163 Chaillet, R., vice-consul, 2101, 2102, 2108 Chauya, province of (iOj U>), 998 Chela language, 1330, 1521. See Sheila, Berber, Lingua Chernin des Ambassades, 1713 Cherf-el-Akab ((_<_ ijZ*'), 4 Cholera, 1098, 211*0 A, 2111 Cholmeley, Sir Hugh, 435, 2140. See Tan¬ gier Mole 452 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Chrestomathie Arabe, 497, 550 Christians, humiliations suffered by, 435 Christian slavery, 244, 352, 797 -, Dutch instructions re¬ garding, 229 -Knights in Moorish service, 973 -under Moulai Ismael, 330. See Captives -workmen in Morocco City, 173 Cirta , 43 Citras or Thuya = Arar\ 7 Citron, sacred, 2004 Clenard, travels of, 48 --, letters of, 48, 682 Cleveland, Captain, mission of, 2073, 2241 Cobvela, 11 Colonici Aelia Benasa, 11 Colonia Ivlia Babbia Campestris, 11 Comite des travaux historiques et scienti- fiques, 1936 “ Commerce,” wreck of, 514 Complaint, unfounded, against consulate of Tangier, regarding French force before Algiers, 2105 Conchology, 829. See Malacology Consular court, 1915 -diaries, 2104, 2105, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110 -jurisdiction, 1182 -commercial reports, 2105. See names of various ports Consulate at Tangier, building of, 2083 • --, French, at Morocco, 74 Consul for Morocco, proposal to send, 2243 Consuls, established by Marseilles, 24 • -iu Morocco, 2243 -—--instructions to, 2112, 2113 Conti, Princesse de. See De Blois Conversion of Sultan’s son, 242 Conway papers, 2065 Cookery, Moorish, 1500 Corn supply, 1806 Corsairs, Barbary, 1942, 1959 -, equipment of, 190 Cortenaer, Admiral, 218 Cosmography of El-Jirkasi, 498 -— of Ibn-el-Wardi, 444 -- of Middle Ages, 1144 Cotes, 10 Countries of the world—Morocco, 1898 Crisp, Mrs., 407 Crocodiles, 2, 8, 6 Curtis, Sir Roger, embassy of, 427, 2077 Customs tariff, 1912 Cyrenaica , 43 Daggatun, tribe of, 1376, 1461 Dalzell, Vice-Consul, case of, 2124, 2128 Daradus, 8, 10 Bar at, jiumen, 8, 10 Dar Demana, 1085 Dar el-Beida j^A), 10, 11 -, trade of, 940, 961, 988, 1012, 1036, 1069, 1148, 1183, 1206, 1239, 1287, 1326, 1368, 1404, 1464, 1506,1554, 1605, 1678 Dar (=Tchar of Tissot) Jedid (AO 11 Daren, 7 Dartmouth, Lord, Governor of Tangier, 1740 -,-, historical MSS., 1838. See Tangier D’Avezac, manuscript maps of, 584 Davidson, travels of, 609, 2111, 2118, 2119 -, murder of, 650, 2120, 2122 De Blois, Mademoiselle, Sultan proposes marriage to, 318 Delaval, Captain, mission of, 2066, 2067, 2236 Dellis, 5 Derkaua, sect of, 1850 Despatches from Colonial Office to Consuls, 2112 to 2116 Dialects of Morocco, 765 Dictionnaire historique, 316 Diocletian, 11 Diplomatic and Consular establishments, report on, 2111 ■——-documents, forged, 424 Dolmens, 1141, 1638. See Megalithic monu¬ ments Douglas, James Sholto, Consul-General, 485, 2091, 2092, 2093, 2094, 2095, 2096, 2099, 2100, 2101, 2102, 2104 -,-, missions of, to Fez, 2096 -———,-, strikes his flag, 2102 -,-, rehoists his flag and is pensioned, 2104 Douls, Camille, murder of, 1903, 1982 Dournaux, Dupdrd, murder of, 1132 Dow, Sir George, 2103 Downe, Robert, offers to free captives at Sallee, 2226 Draa. See Wad Draa Dredging on the coast, 1796 Drugs used in Morocco, 1203 Drummond - Hay, E. W. Auriol, Consul- General, 2098, 2104, 2105, 2106, 2107, 2108, 2109, 2110, 2111, 2117, 2118, 2120, 2121, 2122, 2123, 2125, 2126, 2127, 2129, 2130, 2131 -,-, visits Sul¬ tan at Mekenes, 2131 Drummond-Hay, Sir John H., embassy of, 714, 760, 1395 Drummond-Hay, John H., Acting Vice- Consul, 2098. See also Index of Names Du Chalard, Admiral, 176, 178, 185 Duff, Charles, 2078, 2079 -, James, 2078 Dutch instructions regarding Christia slavery, 229 - relations with Morocco, 214, 215, 218, 219, 397 Dwarfs, race of, 1855, 1856, 2030, 2031, 2032 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 453 Dynastie Saadi'enne, history of, 345, 1921 Lyrics, 7 Earthquake in Morocco, 385 Edrisi, 542. See Index of Authors EI-Abderi, journey of, 23, 757 El-Aghuati, 568, 584 El-Araish See Laraiche El-Bekri, supposed MS. of, 572 El-Brija 10 Elephants, 6, 7, 1221 Elizabeth, Queen, intervenes in affairs of Don Antonio, 89 -,-, writes to Sultan, 87, 88 El-Ksar el-Kebir. See Alcassar, battle of El-Kus 4, 6, 7, 9, 10 Ellis, Vice-Consul, 2101, 2102, 2106, 2108 El-Mazemma, 11. See Alhucemas “ El Principe Constante,” 282 El-Uted, monolith of, 570 Emanuel the fortunate, Don, 110 Embassy, American, 1090 -, Austrian, 578 -, Belgian, 1928 Embassies, British, 72, 73, 85, 105, 245, 287, 340, 342, 349, 393, 427, 438, 450, 485, 489, 714, 1395, 1744, 2064, 2068, 2072, 2073, 2077, 2080,2144, 2169,2210, 2211, 2213, 2218, 2235, 2236, 2239, 2240, 2241, 2243 ■-, Danish, 384, 405, 2071 -, Dutch, 157, 194, 363, 492, 972 -, exact form and methods of, 2240 —-, expense incurred by, 2073 -, French, 297, 308, 313, 403, 452, 721, 1157, 1194, 1296, 1297, 1639, 1643, 1686, 1713, 1760, 1924, 1972 -, German, 125, 543, 1943, 1964 ---, Italian, 1199, 1230, 1347, 1390, 1482, 1874 -, Moorish, to England, 186, 2067, 2073, 2221 -,-, to France, 304, 317, 318, 422, 702, 703 -,-, to Holland, 135 -■-, , to Spain, 1550 -, Portuguese, 1019 -, Spanish, 83, 88, 326, 615, 931, 1252, 1258, 1262, 1300, 1411, 1803 Emmanuel, king of Portugal, conquests of, 67, 110 Empire, an, without a doctor, 1023 Es-Serif G a\ =Ahl Serif), 11 Ethiopians, 5 Ethnography, 580, 847, 914, 1067 Ethnology, 925, 1545, 1597 Etruscan and Lybiau names, 1986 Evelyn, John, 522 Expedition des Chaloupes, 411 Expeditions between 1847 and 1870, 1100 Exploratio ad Mercurios, 11 Ez-Zerga, 8 F airborne, Sir Palmer, Deputy Governor of Tangier, 2154 ->- , Pension to family for death of, in action, 2237 False diplomatist, 1813 Famine, 1319 Fasi, E1-, 33, 445 Fatimite Dynasty in Africa, 590, 618 Fauna of Morocco, 1743 Fedala 11 Female captive, the, 407 Fernando, Don, of Portugal, captivity of, 75 Fez — Fas), 11, 1086, 1339 -, altitude of, 1634 -, Arabic MSS. at, 1518 -, city of, 190 -, description of, 572 -, historical notice of, 1300 -, journey to, 931, 1280, 1459 -, kingdom of, 190 -, massacre at, 379 -to Ujda, 1766 -, university of, 1846, 1927 Figig ( or = Fijij or Figig), 1095, 1218, 1426, 1475, 1476, 1568 Fileli, sherifs of, 1848 First Grenadier Guards, history of, 1146 Fisheries, 1050, 1540, 1541 -, West African, 620 Fisher’s cove, 11 Fitzgerald, Colonel John, Lieut.-Governor of Tangier, 2135, 2136 -,-, recalled, 2138 Flumen Cosenum, 8 - Laud, 11 -—- Masati Masatal, 8 - Salsum, 8 France and Morocco, 1551, 1559 -, competition of, in Africa, 2042 -,-, in Morocco, 2043 Franciscans, 208 -annals of, 353 French Campaign in Morocco, 1765. Set Isly, Tangier, Mogador -interests in Morocco, 1582, 1610 -officers, exploits of, 1054 Friends, slavery of, 715 Frigidse, 11 Frontiers between Algeria and Morocco, 835, 1163, 1414, 1415, 1479, 1563,1584, 1684, 1692, 1700, 1702, 1759, 1768, 1841 -, troubles on (in 1886), 1767 Fut, River, 7 Gxtulians, 5, 6 Gago, 98, 99, 105, 148 Galley slaves, Moorish, 64 Garden of the Hesperides, 4, 7, 1652. See Bib. Tripoli, 351 Garhun, 11 Gatell, biography of, 1343 Gayland (Ghailan), 226, 227, 235, 288, 2136, 2138, 2140 Genealogies, royal, 355 454 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Geographical Society of Oran, 1333 Geography, ancient, 475, 536 Geologv, 576, 934, 960, 1057, 1092, 1158, 1202, 1275, 1277, 1352, 1392, 1529, 1531, 1960 Germany and Morocco, 1623 Geryville to Figuig, 2018 Ghailan. See Gayland Ghat, El- ( i "J IP), 366, 1172, 1945 Ghir, Cape / Gir ), 8, 10 Ghrifa (siD^), H Gibraltar, history of, 426 -, provisions for, 2109, 2110 -, Straits of, 410 -, siege of, and relations with Mo¬ rocco, 953 Gibraltar, Strait current, 1068. See also Mediterranean Gilda, 11 Gir, Cape 8> 10 Giraffes, 1221 Gorillas, 2 Grain, exportation of, 470 Green, Consul-General, 2085, 2087, 2088, 2089, 2090 ■-, --, visits Sultan at Fez, 2085 -,-, pensioned, 2089, 2090 -, Sir W. Kirby, embassy of, 1744 Gualali, 11 Gum Euphorbium, 1509, 1512 -trade, 489 Gurara ( or j—*’" = Garara or Tijrouran ), 1212 Gygantes, 1 Gytta , 2 Hach Mohammed el-Baghdady, 1254, 1256 Haha (\j>. V=»-), 23 Hajeriin, 4 Hamianes 1426 Hammam, Moorish, 1939 “ Hanno, Periplus of, 2, 392, 640, 1628, 1980, 2037 Hanseatic affairs, 2, 110, A. Harrison, Captain John, R.N., Embassy of, 2064, 2065, 2213, 2214 Hasouna D’Gheis, 2105. See Tripoli archives, No. 37, 40 Hatfield, Consul, 2068, 2069 Hay. See Drummond “ Heir of Morocco, and death of Gavland,” 288 Henry, Don, Prince of Portugal, 462, 1020, 1247, 1293 -,-, life of, 389 I Henry, Don, expedition against Ceuta and Tangier, 934 Hercules, caves of, 9 -, pillars of, 1, 4, 6, 9, 725, 969,1535 -, Straits of, 2 Herico family, murder of, 2125 Herodotus, geography of, 3, 581 Herpetology, 591, 1298, 1893, 2026 Hesperides. See Gardens Hippone, 43 Hippopotami, 2 Hispano-Mozarabic dialect, 2034 Hodgson, Mr., sent from America to nego¬ tiate for a position in the Straits of Gibraltar, 2117. See Index of Names Hogan, Edmund, Embassy of, 72, 73, 105, 2235 “ Hold fast for England,” 2058 Hollar, drawings of. See Tangiers, Views of “Homeward bound,” 2059 Hope, Commander, R.N., and Captain Ed- wardes, misunderstanding with consul at Tangier, 2102, 2104 ■-,-, conduct disap¬ proved, 2104 Hotham, Sir H., correspondence with, 2108 Howard, Lord Henry, embassy of, 245, 2064, 2066, 2144 Hydrography, 552, 585, 601, 662, 695, 730, '766, 784, 785, 786, 788, 843, 844, 846, 903. 928, 985, 995, 1068, 1078, 1102, 1121, 1123, 1124, 1180,1195,1544,1570, 1785, 2106, 2107, 2111 Huggins. See Hogan Iberian Theory, 1470 Ibn Batuta, 532. See Index of Authors Ibn Haukal, 14, 479 Ibn Khaldun, 537. See Index of Authors Ibn Khalikan, biographical dictionary of, 21, 647 Ibn Medini, 491 Ichthyology, 1147. See Mogador 1 colas ida, 11 “Ida, an adventure in Morocco,” 1987 Ida u’ Tenan, Jebel 10 Idrarn (^^), 7 IfnP( jj\), 1525 Igli 2046 Inchiquin, Earl of, Governor of Tangier, 2154, 2155, 2160 “ Innocents Abroad,” 1357 Insalah, 2046 Inscriptions, rock, 1476 “Inspector” privateer, wreck of, 379, 512 Ironmongers’ Company, 959, 2108, 2243 Ishbartel, 10. See Spartel Isly, battle of, 672, 686, 688, 689, 691, 701, 1105, 1427 Istachri, 612 Italy, commerce with N. Africa, 681 -, maritime history of, 517 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 455 Itineraries (de Foucauld), 1779 -in North Africa, 622 Itinerary of Antonine. See Antonine -, Alcazar to Wazan, 1646 -, Fez to Algerian frontier, 1694 -, Fez to Merakish, 1618 -, Fez to Oujda, 1361 -*—, Fez to Tafilet, 442 -, Geryville to Figuig, 1445 -, Mogador to Saffee, 1031, 1032 -, Morocco to Timbuctu, 1683, 1696 -,-through the Atlas, 1275 -, Tangier to Fez, 1533 -,- to Mogador, 1219 -,- to Kbat, 1215 -, Tlem<;en to Tafilalet, 1618 -, Turin to Tangier, 758 -, Wazan to Mekenes, 1706 Jaaferin *&>■)> 11- See Zafarine Jadida, 10 Jardine, Colonel, mission of, 438 Jebel Ashkar G -- Belyunesh ((j£jyb)*> 6, 10, 11 -- Kart jJas-), 11 -- Musa (^jyo G - -, ride to, 1063. See Apes’ Hill -- Tabayut, 1175 •-- T’aura, 6 - Zerhun (Zerhon) Jennd, 557 Jerba, 61 Jesuits, 209, 306 Jews, 1374, 1376, 1402, 1748, 2015 a -in Miknasa, 1538 --in North Africa, 792, 838 -, schools of, in Morocco, 1246 -, Spanish, at Fez, 37 -, state of, in 1675, 265 Jezira T’aoura John, Don, of Austria, 64 -, King of Portugal, 20, 32, 462 Jomard’s geographical researches, 2105, 2107 Jones, Mr., 2067 Joshua, inscription regarding, 12 Journeys, French, in Morocco, 457, 460, 461, 468 Juan Fernandez, history of, 237, 389, 634 Jub. See Cape Julia Traducta , 9 Juno , promontory of, 9 Jupiter Ammon , 43 Jurjura, 5 Justinian, wars of, 12, 207 Kabyle language, 1770 Kaid Ismael, biography of, 1343 * More correctly applied to the village at the N.E. foot of Apes’ Hill. VOL. III. Kairwanis, 16 Kant ez-Zit ( t ). 2 Kerne, 2 Ivinsbergen, Mr., negotiations of, 478 Kirke, Colonel Kichard, Governor of Tangier, 2169, 2172 -, embassy of, 287, 328, 2169 Koteis, 9 Ksarel Akbar ), 1941 -- Farauen Of), 11 ■ Pharaoh’s Castle Kubia, 10 Kus, el- 2 See Laing, Major, murder of, 559, 2102 -,-, papers of, 566. See Tripoli Archives, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 37, 40 Land of Moulai el Hassan, 1995 Lanternier family, 711 Larach (see El-Araish and Laraiche), 4, 6, 7, 129, 141, 144, 1527, 1587, 1778 Laraiche, Dutch fight with rovers near, 243 ■ -, French expedition against, 411 •-, attempt of Spaniards to take, 81 -, Spanish victory at, 237 ■ -, trade of, 767, 941, 962, 989, 1013, 1149, 1184, 1207, 1225, 1240, 1288, 1405, 1835, 2006 Latern, W., Consul-General, 379 Latin races in Barbary, 1278 Latton, Consul-General, 20, 70, 2071 -,-, imprisonment of, 2072 Le Blanc, travels of, 125 Leila Jelaliya (&= Lel-el- Jelalid), 11 Lempriere’s tour in Morocco, 500 Leo Africanus, biography of, 45. See Index of Authors “ Leopard,” the, 188 Leo X., 39 Leptis, 43 Letters patent to British merchants, 86 -, Swedish, from Morocco, 467 Lingua Shilense , 333 “ Lion ” of London, 47 Lions, 6 Lithgow’s travels, 142 Livy, lost books of, 424 Lixus, 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1527 Liza, 1 Locusts, 2004, 2107 Logie, Consul-General, 2075, 2(J76 -, mission of, 2243 -banished from Morocco, 2076 Lotophagi, island of, 43 Lotos of Homer = date, 361 Lukkos, 4, 9, 1652 Lyhia, between Pillars of Hercules and Sala, 969 Lybians, 5 Lybian vocabulary, 1494 2 i 456 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Madrid, conference of, 1853, 1866 Maghreb, 1200 miles’ ride through, 1665 Maghreb 1934 -el-Aksa (LaJ^ -el-Aousat u-JjiU), io Malacology, 951, 1171, 1178, 1448, 1535, 1542 Mallory, Vice-Consul, 2128 Malta, island of, 61 Malva flumen, 11 Malvana, 11 Mammalia, 1640, 1669 Mamora (5 11, 145, 160, 161, 171, 301 J Manuscripts, Arab, at Paris, 1523 -in Morocco, 424 -on Morocco, 487 -, Portuguese, 865 -, Spanish, 1181 Maps and charts, 882, 927, 1771,1878,1879, 1999 Mardochde, 1175, 1193. See Index of Authors Marmol, biography of, 69 Marsa Dennil (Jjjii ^^o), 10 -Uringa f So^ ^ j*), H ■ -Tighissas 10 > 11 Mai'seille, statuts municipaux, 24 Marsh, Miss, 407 Martil, river (,Jjyc ^tMjX 7 > 10 > 11 Martiniere, de la, latest explorations of, 2061 Martin of Spoleta, 41 Martyrology, 41, 63, 150, 154, 158, 170, 208, 282, 454, 496, 596, 741, 2207 Mascarenhas, D. Fernando, 183 Massa, river f i " J 8 Massiesylians, 5 Matra, James Mario, Consul-General, 2080, [ 2081, 2083, 2084, 2085 -,-, embassv of, 450, 485, 2080, 2081 -,-, concludes treaty with Sultan at Laraich, 2083 -,-, death of, 2085 Mauretania, 1740 ■ -, Caesariensis, 5 ---, history (German) of, 387 -, occupation by Romans, 717 -, Tingitana, geography of, 640, 1251 -——, Tingitana, organisation of, 1600 Mauretanian kings, history of, 465, 486, 1742 Mauri, 5, 7 Maxyes, 1 Maynard, Consul, 458 | Mazagan ; Tmzghanat ), 6, 8, 10, 55, 56, 122,159, 172, 191 --—, history of, 930 --——, Portuguese at, 292, 325, 382, 383, 386, 388, 394, 401, 408 -, siege of, 123 -, trade of, 768, 942, 963, 990, 1014, 1045, 1070, 1128, 1150, 1208, 1289,1037, 1185, 1241, 1327, 1369, 1406, 1465,1507, 1555, 1606, 1674, 1834, 1835, 2006 Mazyes, 1 “ Meadows of Gold,” 15, 436, 1235 Mears, or Myers, Thomas, 379, 512 Medina, 5 Medaiji, 5 Modes, 5 Mediterranean, physical and historical (Play¬ fair), 751,1948' Mediuna 5 5 # Meduna (aJjAvc); 5 Megalithic monuments, 12, 14. See Dol¬ men Megatonium, 1 Mehedia (io^coX 2, 4, 10, 11 Mekenes (Mequenez = Milenas or Miknassa l^USCo), 1, 287, 301, 438, 1660 --, Christian slavery at, 366 -, journey to, 342, 1280 -, outrage on Portuguese at, 348 Melilla = militia), 11 191, 249, 305, 396, 400, 1027, 1049, 1197 -, Kabyle attack on, 933 -, siege of (17th cent.), 947 Melitta, 2 Mendicants, 1947 Merakish, 1500. See Morocco Merchants restricted to certain ports, 2217 Merinides, origin of, 168 Merzek, Wad, 10 Meteorology, 782, 1004, 1097 Methuen, Mr. Paul, embassy of, 2067 Mezata, 5 Mghila, 11 Mharhar = Amharhar), 4 Middleton, Earl of, Governor of Tangier, 545, 2144, 2146, 2148, 2151 Miknassa (iu*jljvSve)> 1530. See Volubilis and Mekenes Milbank, Mark, embassy of, 393 Miscellanies of Hach Mohammed el-Bagh- dady, 1028, 1029 Mission, French, to South of Algeria, 1695 - of Rene Basset, 1518, 1519. See Index of Authors Missionaries, French, “ de la Mercy,” 294, 341 -in Morocco, 973 -, Spanish, 200, 263, 264, 324. See Captives, Martyrology, Order of N.S. de la Merced, Franciscans, Capucines INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 457 Mogador,* 10, 729, 949, 984, 996, 1082, 1961 -, account of, 2100 -, agriculture of, 1826, 1918, 1968, 2004 ■--—, capture of, bv French, 672, 701, 753, 1156, 1427, 1925 --—, climate of, 1025, 1077, 1174, 1203 -, commercial geography of, 1261 -, description of, 888 -, foundation of, 559 -, life in, 1500 -, market of, 1931 -, meteorology of, 1097 -, notice of, 398 -, Protestant mission at, 1363 -, quarrel of French Consul with authorities at, 2128, 2129 -, natural history and sporting notes at (Sarcelle), 1821-1823; 1319-1321; 1364-1366; 1398-1400; 1456-1458; 1502-1505; 1547-1549; 1604; 1670- 1673 ; 1749-1753; 1818-1824; 1904- 1908; 1949-1957; 2001-2003; 2055- 2056 -to Biskra, 1425 -to Morocco, 1382 -, trade of, 769, 942, 964, 1015, 1071, 1129, 1151,1190, 1209, 1225, 1242, 1284, 1323, 1367,1433, 1466, 1510, 1677, 1727, 1728, 1754, 1825, 1917, 1967, 2005, 2006, 2039 -, trade with Timbuktu, 1381 Moghrabens, a peep at, 1401 Mohammed Benani, 1775 -bin Abdulla, Sultan, history of, 456 Mohammedan dynasties in Spain, 617, 880 Mohammedanism, 268 Mohammed’s birthday, 1973 a Mons Prsesaltus, 9 Montague, Madame de la, 295 Monte Acho, 10 Montefiore, Sir M., mission of, 923, 960, j 1358 Moors, 1470 -, conversion of, 209 -, costumes of, 469, 1010, 1196 -, expulsion from Spain, 127, 128, 130, 131, 132, 133 -, history of, 414 -in Morocco, 1497 -in Spain, history of, 534 -of Spain, 152 -of Spain, castigation of, 106 -, religion of, 1089 -, Spanish, expedition of, 99 “ Moorish lotus leaves,” 1500 -people, account of, 899 -scenery (Roberts), 583 -wanderings (Sarcelle), 1319 -women, 1437, 1438 5 The town of Mogador is called by the Arabs Es- Sueir , 'ij>y £.? the word Mogador, ^ is only applied to a saint’s house near the town. Mornay, Comte de, embassy of, 2109 Moroccan, a false, 1699 -- affairs, 1997 -of south, 1426 Morocco City (see Merakish), 687, 723, 1134, 1268, 1269, 1270, 1273, 1310, 1311, 1313, 1410, 1496, 1552,1560, 1564, 1574, 1594, 1613, 1614, 1661, 1761, 1787,1789, 1790, 1793, 1794, 1815, 1923, 1975, 1998, 1989, 1990, 1993, 2033 Morocco, Empire of (Conring), 1393 -(Didier), 593, 669 -(Loti), 1972 -(Rey), 625 -, abuses in, 1664 -, a colporteur’s trip in, 1726 -—, account of, 126, 824, 832, 1053 -, actual state of, 1863 -, affairs of, 1802 -, agriculture of, 1429 -a field for geographers, 2014 -, a French traveller (Foucauld) in, 1839 -, Aii Bey’s travels in, 506, 507 -, an artist’s life in, 795, 796 -and English policy, 690 -and its caravans, 683 -and Mogador (Brown), 1994 -and Moroccans, 866 -and North Africa, 870 -and Spanish war. See Spanish -and the European powers, 1708 -and the Latin union, 1648, 1709 -and the Moors, 1203, 1353, 1390, 1886 -, a ride in, 1159 -, a saint of, 1253 -, a short visit to, 1902 -as a winter resort, 1894 -, a winter in, 1118 -and Touat, 2045 -- and the Venetian Republic, 1723 -, anti-slavery memorial, 1747 -, anti-slavery mission to, 1703 -, a wheat-producing country, 1806 -, Berbers of, 2015 -, bishoprics in, 510 -, bishops of, 778 -, brief notice of, 676 -—, Buffa’s travels in, 503 -, bulwark of Islam, 1492 -, capital of southern, 1598 -, Charant’s account of, 247, 251, 252 -, Christmas in, 1309 -, Christians in army of, 973 -, chronicle of, 1693 -, circular voyage to, 1965 -, city of, 190, 1003, 1024 -, civil war after Moulai Ismael’s death, 365, 366 -, coast of, 1143, 1451 -, commercial relations with, 1734, 1735 -, commerce with Algeria, 1926 -condition of, 1601, 1663, 2110 a. -, conquest of, 2060 2 i 2 458 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Morocco, contemporary, 805 -, costumes of. See Moors -, customs of, 776 -, description of, 59, 62, 1033, 865 -, description of places held by Spaniards, English and Portuguese, 293 -, Danish history of, 422 -, Dutch affairs at, 418 -, early French relations with, 683 -, early relations with Christians, 973 -, economical conditions of, 1642 -, “eight days in,” 2025 -, empire of, 718, 744, 751, 816, 867, 1341, 1477 -, Empress of, 259, 260 -“ en face de l’Europe,” 724 -, entente cordiale between France and England, 1920 -, ethnography of, 891 -, European colony in, 512 -, events since 1754, 2073 -, excursion in, 1250 -, exploits of a French captain in, 1079 -, famine in, 1319 -, fate of, 1615 -, first voyage to, 47, 476 -, foundation of empire, 1921 -, four months in, 1460 -, French campaigns in, 1575 -, French discoveries in, 691 -, French establishments in, 680 --, French politics in, 639, 683 -, French travels in, 452, 468, 1589 -, French operations in, 808, 810, 1420. See Isly, Tangier, Mogador, Abd el-Kader -, from 1631 to 1812, 1666 -, from 1613 to 1812, 1973 — ; -, geographical notice of, 567 -, geography of, 573, 574, 577, 679, 696, 842, 865, 890, 892, 1216, 1227, 1265, 1264, 1266, 1275, 1294, 1302, 1385, 1386, 1576, 1586, 1716, 1717, 1718, 1777 -, German letters from, 430 -, German trade with, 2607 -, government of, 1489, 1837 -, guide to, 1590, 1861 -, handbooks to, 1656, 1451 -—, historical description of, 1305 -, history of, 144, 671, 698, 700, 840 -,-, before Islamism, 926 -in 1844, 670, 756 -, insurrection in, 1630 -, itineraries in, 706. See Itineraries -, its importance to England, 1899 -, Jackson’s account of, 501, 502 ■-—, journalism in. See Press -, journey in (Davidson), 609 -,-—-(Thomson), 1881, 1887, 1897 ' -, ; -— interior of, 1776 -,-(Spanish), 406 -, journey to (Albarnoz), 555 -,-(Beauclerk), 553 -,-(Merry), 931 Morocco, journey in (Hodgkin), 960 -, journeys in, 457, 460, 461, 468 -, kingdom of, 190 -, King of, writes to King of Eng¬ land, 234 -makes proposal to Charles I. for reduction of Sallee, 280 •-—, letter from emperor of, in 1578, 870 -, letters from, 108, 1944 -, letters from (Italian), 1308 -, -on, 1076 -,-sport from, 1946 -, literary fraud regarding, 424 -, literature of, 530 -, manual for Spanish official, 678 -MSS. See Manuscripts -, maritime towns of, 1096 -, medical geography of, 1732 -, memoir on, 297 -, men and things, 1711 -, military force of, 1490, 1516, 1599, 1732 -, military geography of, 1578, 1651 -,-mission to, 1617, 1622 -,-organization in, 1784 -, situation of, 1617 -, modern, 1622 -, naturalist’s journey in, 814 -, necessary for safety of Gibraltar, 1361 -, N.W. coast of, 1470 -, notes of a tourist, 1446 -, observations regarding, 364 . j -, Phoenician Colonies in, 1895 -, plain of, 10 -, political state of, 2209 -, popular account of, 1958 -—■—-—, population of, 1891 —-,-and organisation, 1691 -, Portuguese affairs in, 446 -, present state of, (1694), 308 (1787), 435 ; (1884) 1597 -, propriety of studying the history of, 1264 -, question of, 806, 807, 811, 812, 1585, 1597, 1712,1836, 1843, 1854, 1873, 2062 -, races in, 1925 -, reconnaisance of (de Foucauld), 1842 -, Reclus on, 1725 -, relations with Belgium, 1056 -,-with Europe, 827, 1563 -, religious confraternities in, 973, 1933 -, revolution in, 123, 349. See Civil War -(Rohlfs), 1145 -, rough shooting in, 1320 -, Sahara of, 1431, 1436 -, Sanson’s account of, 250 -, scenes in Arab life, 915, 929 -, second voyage to, 476 -, shreds of, 1667 -, sketches in, 570, 1946 -, slavery in, 2040. See Captives -, souvenirs of, 1626 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 459 Morocco, souvenirs of voyage in, 668 -, S.W. tribes in, 2022 -, spring trip to, 1499 -, state of, 745, 756 -, stations in, 948 -Sultan and his government, 1647 -, correspondence with France, 550 -, supremacy of British trade, 1745 -, trade of, 579, 663, 905, 912, 924, 944, 965, 991, 1040, 1072, 1093, 1125, 1126, 1155, 1203, 1204,1220, 1237,1245, 1286, 1315, 1318, 1324,1349, 1377,1394, 1417, 1418, 1447, 1452, 1493,1514,1567, 1655, 1689, 1704, 1835, 1888, 2006 -, trade with England, 1970 -,-, British, supremacy of, 1745 -, “ the truth about,” 2013 -, “ the world’s last market,” 2010 -, three weeks in, 1774 -, tour in, 642, 1462 -to Malta, 1844 -to Mogador, 1653 -to Tunis, 1473 -, travels in, 248, 449, 512, 637, 725, 726, 801, 872, 885, 906, 907, 919, 935, 936, 972, 1032, 1044, 1229, 1275, 1257, 1342, 1584, 1524,1526, 1528, 1569, 1721, 1733, 1867, 1910, 1914, 1940, 2024 -, views of, 238 -, visit to, 655 --,-the Court of, 1317 -, vocabulary of names, 595 -, voyage of two bourgeois in, 1772 -, “Vrai Maroc,” 1978 -, W. coast of, 791, 1232, 1299, 1350 •-, women in, 733, 1256 Mowlai Abdulla, 384, 512 -Abdulla Melek, death of, 182 -bu Selham, 8 -Hamed Sherif, becomes king of Bar¬ bary, 124, 145, 148 - Er-Rashid, Roy de Tafilete, 247, 251, 252, 257, 295, 296 -Hassan, proclamation of, 1140 -and his government, 1837 -(Brown), 1783 -Hassan’s elephant, 2029 -Hassan, genealogy of, 1930 -Idris, 11 -Ismael, 296, 300, 304, 307, 318, 330, 342 death of, 349 Mohammed, son of M. Ismael, his¬ tory of, 374 -Mahmud el Yazid, 2081 -, life of, 464 - Mohamed bin Abdulla bin Ismael, history of, 456 - death of, 2081 -Soliman, manifesto of, 964 -Es-Sheikh, at war with M. Hassan, 102, 103 Muluia 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 1566, 1571, 1619 Mouette, captivity of, 476 Muley Araxid, Roy de Tafilete. See Mowlai Er-Rashid -Abdala Melleck. See Mowlai Abdulla Melek -Hamet Xarif. See Mowlai Hamed Sherif -Liezit. See Mowlai el-Yezid Mutteres publicas, 973 Mulle Xeque. See Mowlai Es-Sheikh Mulucha , 5, 7 Munden, Captain, 2066 Murray, Vice-Consul, 2132 Mzorah, 570 Names in Morocco vocabulary, 595 Nash, Mr., 2067 Naval forces in Mediterranean, 2088 Necrology of travellers, 1160 Negro, Cape, 10, 11 Nemours, trade with Morocco, 1847 News from Barbary, 140, 141 Nicholson, Lieut., mission of, 2172 Norbury, Captain, mission of, 2239 North Africa, ancient and modern races in, 684 --, Arab invasion of, 631 -, description of, 16, 780, 800 -, early commerce of, 685 -, geographical researches in, 532 -, history of, 414, 1809 -in antiquity, 916 -, precis of ancient history, 628 -, population of, 804 ———-, the role of France in, 1873 -, territorial divisions of, 628 -, travels in, 777, 1229 North-West Morocco, tribes of, 1913 Norwood, Colonel John, Lieut.-Governor of Tangier, 2138, 2142, 2144 Numidians, 5 Numismatics, 474, 490, 518, 548, 837, 1344 r 1360 Nun, Cape W ^)> 2 > 8 > 1229 - See Wad Nun Oea, 43 Omm-er-Rbia p\), 7, 8, 10 Ommiades, history of, 740 Onby, Mr., mission of, 2172 Oppidum Novum , 11 Oran, capture of, by Spaniards, 352, 356 -, geographical society of, 1333 Orders in Council, 773, 774, 908, 1182, 1915, 2223 Order of “ N.S. de la Merced,” and of “ La Mercy,” 150, 151, 294, 341, 554 Ornithology, 746, 986, 987, 1011, 1035, 1176, 1603, 2055, 2356 Ostriches sent by Sultan to King, 2108 “Oswego,” wreck of, 521. See Paddock Oued. See Wad Paddon, Captain, embassy of, 2068, 2239 Palate river, 4 460 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Panthers, 6. Parietina, 11. Parker, Captain Hyde, embassy of, 2072 Pastoral letter, 587 Payne, Consul, 2078 -recalled for neglect of duty, 2078 Pellow, Thomas, captivity of, 366, 1945 Penn, Captain, 2064 -•, Giles. Consul at Sallee, 2221. Peiion de Velez de la Gomera, 58, 60, 61, 70, 412, 413, 708, 764, 1106, 2234 Peiion y Alhucemas, 400 Pepys, Samuel, 223, 545-626, 1355, 2227 Pere Dan, MS. of, 1543 Perigjil, island of, 6 Persians, 5 Pescadores, 11 Peterborough, Earl of, Governor of Tangier, 1741, 2133 -,-, recalled, 2134 -——-, -———, offers to return to Tangier, 2135 Petit Kartas, 563 Petticrew, William, Consul-General, 377, 2070, 2071, 2072 -, -, mission of, 2071 -, -, death of, 2072 Peutinger’s Table, 212, 661, 1041, 1936. Pharoah’s Castle, 11, 1275 Phcirsii, 5 Phelps, Thomas, captivity of, 301, 321, 368 Philip of Africa, Prince of Fez, genealogy of, 233, 2064 Philology, 775 Phoenicians, 5 Phoenician settlements, 633 Picturesque Mediterranean, 1896 Pillars of Hercules. See Hercules Piracies, 2110, A. Piracy, 797 -, history of, 699 -, how it was stopped, 1745 -, Moroccan, 629 -— still existing in 1831, 570 Pirates, Barbary, 922. See Rovers Pig-sticking, 1909 Plague in Barbary, 2084, 2094, 2103 --—• in Tangier, 529, 630 Poems, 56 Poetry, French, 674, 675 -, Spanish, 137, 183, 825, 855, 857, 858, 859, 1263 Polybius, Periplus of, 8 Popham, Consul-General, 2072 -, removed and pensioned, 2073 Porte, De la, MSS. of, 584 Portuguese affairs in Morocco, 446 -— at Mekenes, 348 -conquests, 286, 799, 834 -discoveries, 67 -, expeditions of, 680 exploration, 488 in Africa, 638. in Morocco, 1439 1(512 military expeditions, 162, 193, Portuguese wars in Africa, 107 Portus Rissadir, 8 - Rutubis, 8 Positions determined, 1632, 1633, 1707 Presidios, Spanish, 359, 369, 395, 400, 523, 614, 706, 817, 1081, 1091, 1563, 1658. Press in Morocco, 830, 1412, 1495, 1498, 1522, 1595, 1657. 1688, 1690,1736, 1781, 1782, 1814, 1892, 1962, 2000, 2008 Price, W., 2106 Princess of Fez, 289 Princesse de Fez, 285 Prizes, 2069, 2210 Promontorium Album , 7 - Cannarum, 11 -—- Russadi , 11 Protection, Consular, and the Protege System, 920, 921, 1387, 1388, 1668, 1739, 1775, 1807, 1816, 1852, 1958, 1983, 1996, 2016 -——, Convention regarding, 1383 Prussian expedition, 1083 Prynne, Mr., 2064 Ptolemy, geography of, 645 Punta Bermeja, 11 -Blanca, 7 -de Castillejos, 10 Qujgdenfeldt, death of, 2009 Queen’s Royal West Surrey Regiment, his¬ tory of, 1740 Quilates, Cape, 11 Rabat ), 2, 7, 10, 1961 -, trade of, 770, 945, 966, 992, 1016, 1038, 1045, 1073, 1119, 1152,1186,1189, 1210, 1243, 1290, 1328,1370,1407, 1467, 1508, 1856, 1607, 1675, 1712a, 1830, 1832, 1835, 1886, 2006 Railway to Touat, 1218. See Trans-Saharan Rainsborough, Mission of, 2220 Ras Aferni u^j)’ 10 j -Ashkar (\JL^ (.A), 9, 10 -el-Fnidek ^ -el-Hadid (AJ ^\j), io -el-Hadik, 2 -el-Kuas 4 -et-Terf Q_10 -Hurak f Ahvili^y 10, -Kant ez-Zit U *A > '\\ t 'A \S 2 -Maked, 10 -Sidi Aissa Umats 11 196 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 461 Ras Sidi Beshir (., 1, C, 10 u -Tazrult 10 Reade, Consul, suicide of, 2072 Regicides sent to Tangier, 2228 Rene Caille, 1000 Renegades, 668, 1029 Researches to be undertaken, 605, 607 Rezelle, Ch. de, 176, 177, 178, 181 Rhinoceros, 1221 Richardson, death of. See Tripoli Biblio¬ graphy Richelieu, Cardinal, 181 “Ride in petticoats and slippers,” 1361 Riff, country of O 6 > 1048, 1301, 1430, 1773, 1851, 1984 -, expedition to, 790 -, Kabyles of, 1384 -, prisoner in, 815 Rio de Ouro, 2 Rissadium, 10 Roberts, Henry, embassy of, 85, 105 Rodrigo, Don, history of, 118 Rohlfs’ travels. See Index of Authors Roman Empire (Gibbon), 416 -epigraphy, Guide to, 1978 Ross, Pro-Consul, 2085 Roudh el-Kartas, 26, 465, 554, 646, 871, 1523 Rovers, Dutch fight with, 243 -,-instructions regarding, 218, 219, 220, 228. See Sallee Rowland, James, death of, 290 “ Royal,” capture by Sallee rovers, 295 Royal genealogies, 355 -letters, emperor of Morocco, 2063 Ruyter, Admiral de, 215, 219, 220 Rusadir, 7 Russadir Colonia, 11 Rusicada, 43 Russell, John, embassy of, 349 Sacy, de, library of, 713 Saffi( Smj\ = -A-sfa), 10, 178,384 -", trade of, 946, 967, 993, 1017, 1039, 1045, 1074, 1120, 1153, 1187, 1211, 1224, 1291, 1329, 1371, 1408, 1433, 1557, 1608, 1676, 1835, 2006 Sahara, 1113, 1116, 1480, 1786, 1974 -, caravans in, 1306 -, discoveries in, 1312 -, flooding of, 1236 -, French, 2035 -of Morocco, 803, 1431, 1436 -, occupation by Spain, 1631, 1637, 1645, 1659 -, travels in, 482, 886, 1867, 1868, 1869, 1870, 1871 -, western, 1780, 1817, 1922 Sakharat, 8 Sala, 7,11 Sala Colonia , 11 - flumen, 8 Sala urbs, 9 Salli (^L, = S’la), 2, 10, 169, 176, 190, 384, 419, 431 -, American captives at, 254 -, an English Resident for, 2220 — --■, authorities of, imprison all English, 2217 -, Dutch relations with, 208 -, expedition against pirates of, 2219, 2220, 2221 --, fleet of, 188 -, journal of, 321, 368 -, news from, 195 -, pirates of, 2211 -, proposal for reducing, 280 -rovers, 295, 298, 360, 366, 407, 2218 -, slavery at, 309 -taken by English fleet, 189 -, trade of, 1045 -, victory over rovers, 100 -, views of, 238 Salt river, 8 Samson, Consul, 2073, 2074 -, flight and recall of, 2074 “ San Joao Batista,” Portuguese ship, 164 Sandwich, Lord, visits Tangier, 2142 Santa Cruz de Mar Pequena, 8, 559, 1059, 1299, 1304, 1335, 1337, 1338, 1354, 1645 — --, port, opened by the Sultan, 2099 Saracens, history of, 166 Saugnier, 532 “ Scape-goat,” a romance, 2028 Schousboe appointed Danish Consul-General at Tangier, 2106. See Index of Authors Scott, Alexander, captivity of, 532, 533, 538 Sculptures, ancient rock, 1221 Scylax, Periplus of, 4 Sebastian, King of Portugal, 85, 90, 93 -, chronicle of, 111 -, expedition of, 121, 155, 175,196. See Alcassar Sebastian, the false, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 971,1317 Sebu 4, 8, 10,11. See Wad Second or Queen’s Royal Regiment of foot, history of, 604 Secret Societies, 1681 Sejalmissa, 572, 1002, 1277, 1618 Septem fratres, 9 Setif, 5 Sex Insulae, 11 Shabini, travels of, 527 Shelia (XU>), 7, 9, 10, 11 Sheila language, 1275 Shemish 4, 6, 9 Sherboro Sound, 2 Sherifs of Morocco, account of, 1248 -, history of, 319 -, history of empire of, 356 -, success of (in 1535), 42 Sherlev, Sir Anthony, 125, 543 462 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Sheshuan, ride to, 1808 -, visit to, 1862 Shipwrecks of French vessels, 1150 Shlus 6 Shovel], Sir Cloudesley, 328 Sidi bin Ahmed ^ tXUw), 11 -ali bu Jenan ( ^ n ’ 1101. -Brahim of Massat, 1469, 1521, 1720 -, massacre of, 711, 808 -el Yemani (, AOuu>), H ♦* ♦♦ -Kassim ( ju11 r** Sierra d’Almena, 10 Sisn, Cape, 10 Slavery, White, 748. See Captives Slave Trade, 2111 Smith, Captain, travels of, 148, 173 -, Sir Sidney, 2106, 2107 Smuggling, 787 Sollicoffre, Leonard, Consul, 2069, 2070 -, mission from Tetuan to Morocco, 2070 -concludes treaty, 357 -, death of, 2072 Soloe'is, Cape, 2, 3, 4 Soloentia, 8 “Sophie,” le, wreck of, 534, 535. See Cochelet Southern Morocco, 1546 Spain and Morocco, 2027 -and the N.W. coast of Africa, 1715 -, history of, 96 -in Africa, 1345, 1649, 1650, 2052 -in Barbary, 1434 -in Morocco, 1138, 1139, 1627, 1629 -, Mohammedan dynasties in, 617 Spanish commerce, 1483 —-conquests and expeditions, 680, 834, 869. See Morocco -interests in Morocco, 894, 1561, 1579, 1580, 1581, 1582, 1583 — -- politics in Morocco, 1641 --- possessions in Morocco, 735. See Presidios -post in Morocco, 1719 -relations with Africa, 440 — -- War with Morocco, 728, 810, 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, 823, 825, 839, 849, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 855,1856, 857, 858, 859, 860, 861, 876, 878, 879, 881, 887, 893, 895, 901, 911, 913, 918, 938 Spartel, Cape (Jl = Ish- bartal), 3, 4, 6, 9, 10 Spheres of influence ; arrangement with France, 1971, 2021 Spotted deer sent to Sultan, 2238 St. Amand, embassy of, 297, 304, 313 St. James, knights of, 973 St. Olon, embassy of, 308 States and empires of the world, 232 Statuts Municipaux de Marseille, 24 Stewart, Captain, mission of, 2240 -, Hon. Ch., mission of, 343, 342 Stokes, Admiral, 2064 Straits of Gibraltar, Neutralisation of, 1865- “Streight’s Voyage, or St. David’s Poem,” 256 Stuckley, Captain, 104, 105, 804 Sudan, 1755 -, caravans in, 1840 -, commerce with, 603 -, conquest of, by Morocco, 763 -—, West, 2022 a Suiera (ijlyd)), 11. See Mogador Sultan, illness of, 1737, 1738 -, visit to (in 1871), 1064 -sends letters to Queen Elizabeth, 2235 -, presents for, 2243, 2238 -visits Casablanca, 1223 -Tangier, 1890. See also Mowlai. Sus 2, 1044, 1225,1307 1335, 1346, 1480, 1795, 2050 -and Wad Nun, journey to, 950 -, coast of, 730 -, description of, 1075 -, district of, 572 -river, 10 Taber nee, 11 Tccnia Longa, 11 Tafilet ( t *' = Tafilalai), 106, 442, 1002, 1030, 1142, 1170, 1271, 1618 Tafiletta, Emperor of Morocco, 241, 245, 270, 2142 Taghouat, battle of, 311 Tahaddart 4, 11 “ Tamburlaine the Great,” play of, 94 Tamrakt, Wad, 10 Tamuda, river, 7, 11 Tangier = Tanja ), 11, 183, 191, 1122, 1132, 1232, 1334, 1591 -, battle of (in 1476), 75 -, British occupation of, 604, 889, 1146, 1356, 1740,1741, 2064, 2065, 2133- 2206, 2228, 2229, 2230, 2231,2232,2237, 2239, 2240 -made a free port, 347, 2134 -, articles of peace, 1740, 2155 -attacked by Moors, 2144 -, audit accounts, 2181-2202 -, chamber of commerce, 1722 -, Cholmeley, Sir Hugh, 225, 253. See- Mole -, courts martial, 217, 221 -, court merchant, 2167, 2171, 2173, 2177 -, court of record, 2164 -, description of, 226 -, establishment of civil government, 2142 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 463 Tangier, establishment of garrison, 2133, 2142 -, Teviot, Earl of. See Teviot -, freeman’s book, 2174 -, French account of siege, 281 -, French news of, 230 -, fortifications of, 1740, 2135 -, houses leased at, 2158 -, laws and ordinances of war, 1740, 2133 -, law papers, 2137, 2139, 2140, 2141, 2143, 2144, 2146, 2147, 2148, 2149, 2150, 2151, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2170,2176, 2178, 2179. -, mole at, 225, 240, 433, 2135, 2144, 2148, 2154 -mole, blocks of concrete used in, 2155 -, Sultan proposes to repair, 2243 -, memorable passages, 283 -, miscellaneous papers, 2156, 2157, 2159, 2160, 2161, 2162, 2163, 2165, 2166, 2168, 2180 -, money paid for, 222 -, money paid to Mary Heathley, whose husband was killed, 731 -•, proceedings of corporation, 2152, 2175 -, reports on state of, 2146 -, Rawlinson MSS. regarding, 225 --, siege of, by Moors, 272, 275, 278 --, speeches in Parliament regarding, 334, 390, 1740 -, state of city and garrison, 2155 -, success of English and Portuguese, 224 -, troops drawn from Portugal, 2142 --, war office accounts, 2203, 2204, 2205, 2206 -, warrant for levying troops, 2134 -, agriculture of, 1828 -and Morocco, 1911 ■ -and other parts of Morocco, 1937 -- a winter resort, 1810 --- Bay, letters from, 274 ■ -, British Government refuses to give presents to Governor, 2121 -, blockaded by English, 2102, 2103, 2104 -, Christmas tide at, 1991 -, climate of, 1203 --•,Consuls-General onlyallowed to keep one horse, 2120 -, (MS.) description of, 2180 -, discourse of, 433 - , discourse to a person of quality, 271 -, excursions to, 910, 1198 -, European politics, 1573 --•, French bombardment of, 666, 672, 689, 691, 701, 753, 1427, 1920 -, history of, under the Portuguese, 354 -, interest of, 271, 276 -, international trade museum, 1876 -, navigation of, 1829 -, neutralisation of, 1865 -, notice of, 664 Tangier, old, 1740 -, Portuguese in, 198, 199, 205 -, Portuguese expedition to (in 1437), 1359 —-—, present danger of, 269 -, present state of, 227, 267 ■-, rescue, 283 • -, souvenir de voyage, 1292 • -, Spanish letters from, 547 -, sketches in, 1985 -, textile fabrics of, 1756 -, trade of, 771, 1009, 1045, 1154, 1187, 1205, 1238, 1285, 1314, 1325,1372, 1409, 1468, 1513, 1558, 1609,1679,1680. 1724, 1755, 1827, 1833,1835, 1877, 1916, 1969, 2006 -, trip to, 1450 -, the English at, 680 -, the Moors baffled, 284 -to Fez, 667, 1621, 1654 -, true state of, 2169 -to Tunis, 2020 -, two days at, 1919 -, victory at, 273, 277, 279 --, visit to, 641, 863, 1042, 1714, 1792 -, views of, by Hollar, 226, 238, 246, 258, 882 -, winter in, 1454 Tarifa, 9 Taxes, 1403 Tedelis, 5 Tedoest (Tednest), 580 I'eichos , 2 Tekna (&jio), 1042, 1044,1272,1342, 1346 Temple, Sir Grenville, 584, 2121 Tensift river (C*i-D 7, 10 Teonge, diary of, 547 a Territories in Africa, declaration regarding, 1971 Tetuan ( = Tetawan ), 190, 410, 559, 1105, 1176, 1391, 1428, 1478, 1532, 1535, 1592 -, account of, 899 -, origin of, 833 --, proposed consulate at, 2226 • -, river of, 10 -, success of Spanish at, 57 -, trade of, 772, 968, 994, 1018, 2006 Teviot, Earl of, Governor of Tangier, 227, 2134 -,-, killed in action, 2135, 2228 Thamusida, 11 “ Theda,” a tale, 624 Thinga, Tinga, Tingis, 1 Three brothers (Sherleys), 543 Thurloe papers, 458 Tidikelt NJ), 1006, 1007, 1030 Tikisas , 10 Timbuktu (yiSuuJ = Timbuktu), 98, 99, 105, 501, 514, 557, 565, 566, 936, 1217, 1397, 1537, 1440, 1441, 1442, 1443, 1444, 1449, 1593. See also Cailld, Lenz, Mathews, Rohlfs. Jackson, Piiley 464 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. Timbuktu, Adams’ account of, 511 -, adventures at, 1471 -and Housa, 527 -, commerce of, 781 -, Jews at, 1055 -trade with Mogador, 1381 Tingentera, 9 Tissot, explorations of, 1172, 1173. Sec Index of Authors -, his opinion of Graberg di Hemso, 573 < Tit, 2, 10 Tlemsen, 1880 -, history of, 802 -to Morocco, 1474 Tobacco, 1801 “ Tobie,” wreck of, 97, 105 Torre do Tombo, documents in, 446, 1019 Tounsy, journey of, 734 Trade between Algeria and Morocco, 1212 -returns, 2110 a -, supremacy of British, 1746 Tradition of the Church for redemption of captives, 330 Trans-Saharan Railway, 1331, 1332, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1572, 1976, 1977, 2053, 2054, 2017 Transit of Venus, 419 Travels in Barbary, 246. See Leo, Purchas, Hakluyt, Smith, Le Blanc, Lithgow -in Morocco (17th cent.), 864 -(18th cent.), 864 -(19th cent.), 864 -of El Aiche, 705 Treaties, American, 434, 588 ---, British, 236, 303, 340, 351-357, 377, 380, 393, 427, 450, 459, 485, 760, 761, 884, 939, 1383, 2064, 2064, 2067, 2077, 2083, 2096, 2097, 2098, 2100, 2172 -, Danish, 405 -, Dutch, 136 -, French, 176, 177, 178, 185, 190, 291, 295, 403, 540, 541, 550, 619, 628, 673, 692, 706, 973, 2045 • -, Genoese, 973 -, Hanseatic, 1052, 2106 -, Sardinian, 2097 • --—, Spanish, 130, 404, 423, 425, 477, 677, 693, 694, 817, 896, 897 973, 1047, 1080 -, Tuscan, 421 Tremolos, 11 Trinitarian fathers, 330, 344, 352, 431, 454 Tripoli, capture of, 61 -, Miss Tully’s narrative, 509 Tritonian lake, 1, 43 Troglodytes, 2 Tselfat (C^iL*, = Silfat), 11 Tuareg, 6,1470 Tuat ( or i " a V ) \ = Tuat or Atuat), 976, 977, 978, 980, 983, 1006, 1009, 1030, 1218, 2019, 2046 -, Moroccans at, 2047 -, question of, 1038 -, river of, 954 -, Sahara and Soudan, 2048, 2049 Tunis to Morocco, 1515, 1624 Tunisia, account of, 184 Turkish affairs, money, time, &c., 184 Turks, maritime wars of, 571 Ulad Sidi Sheik, 1426 -, insurrection of, 1162, 1413 Un Empire qui croule, 1712 United States, contemplated occupation of a station in the Straits of Gibraltar, 2117, 2119 Universus Terrarum Orbis, 329 Urmana (&!<, .), 5 Utica, 43 Venetians, commerce of, 439 Vior Flumen, 7 Viposciance, 11 Volubilis, 10, 11, 352, 1279,1530, 2050, 2061 Voyages and travels, collections of:— -Astley’s, 371 -Churchill’s, 321 ■-- Drake’s, 406 a --- Hakluyt’s, q.v. -Harleian, 368 -Lock’s, 48S -Osborne’s, 368 -Philip’s, 538 -Pinkerton’s, 500 -Prevost’s, 370 -Purchas’, 147 -Walckenaer’s, 532 Wad Adalau 11 -el-Aisha, 4 — Azila (*Jox3\ = Asilci ), 10 — Assaka (a ^ Lo\ 7, 10 — Auri Ura, 10 — Aj erred 10 —- Beni Taner, 10 — Bueda, 10 — Draa (aP^ 2 » 8 ’ 10 ’ 609 ’ 1102, 1142, 1170, 1662, 1788, 1886 -, proposal to create an English port at, 2118 -, region of, 1378 -Fedala (&} Lai (_£^\j), H -Garizim, 7, 10 -Ghisser, 8 -Guir (jjf See Wim P ffen -el-Halu (\j)J' <_^j), 9, 10 -elHalk(j)J} ^_,),4 -- Ik ken _j ), 11 -el-Kantara (j \ (_5-ii\j), 10 INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 465 Wad el-Kis -el-Ksar (j*as]\ 4 > 10 -Laon, II -Ma-el-Berda (y,UJ \\\ = M-Ma el-Barid ), 11 -Mejedksa, 10 -—— el-Mela yaMj), 8 ’ 10 -Messa ^L), 10 - Messaura (S^LJ\ lS^J = es-Saourd), 11 -Nokur 11 -Nun ( y y^), 609, 1043,1044, 1167, 1225, 1272, 1336, 1342, 1480, 1788, 1795 -Nun, captivity of Spaniards at, 1046, 1058, 1167 -Nun declared to be independent of the Sultan, 2119 -Nun, journey to, 950 -Nun, schemes for occupation of, 2119, 2127 -Ras(^^ 1222 -to Seville, sketches of the Spanish Avar, 1267 ■-, battle of, 1263 -Es-Saka (a/ U>\ 7, 10 -Sherrat 0*\J^ 11 -Tamrakt )> 1° -Tafetna (\jJj\3 10 -Tidili (^JsS ^^j), 10 -Ursinga -el-Yenn ^\j]\ 4, 10 Waladia, 10, 1172, 366, *1945 Waliii (JoJ,), 11 Walsingham’s Chronicle, 32 Ward!, el-, 22, 443 Warren, Admiral, 2064, 2066 -, Thomas, mission of, 2226 Wars between Christians and Mohammedans (in 1550), 46 Wars, Spanish against Moors, 66. See Spanish Washington, suiwey of coast, 2106, 2107 Wassana, 1514 Water-supply, 1537 Watley, Mr., 2072 West Africa, description of, 346 -Coast of Africa, 559 —-, adventures on, 877 -of Morocco, 1042 Western Barbary, 500, 650, 651, 652, 654 Wazzan, 1085, 1499, 1864, 1811 -, journey to, 1998 -, visit to, 1362 ■-, Shereef of, 1551, 1565, 1611, 1644, 1665, 1930 -,-—, marriage, 1203 Whitehall treaty, Sultan refuses to sign, 2172 White races, 1214 Wiltshire, William, Vice-Consul, 2102, 2119, 2122, 2132 Wimpffen, General, expedition to the Wad Ghir, 1094, 1095, 1162, 1295, 1380 Windham, Voyage of, 52, 476 Windus, visit to Mekenes, 476, 500 “ Witch of Atlas,” 531 Wyatt, captivity of, 372 Xion river, 4 Yakooti, geography of, 31, 444 Zaffarine Islands (see Jaferin), 11, 601, 1027, 1697 Zarhun (^yy), 11 “ Zeepard,” Dutch ship taken by Sallee rovers, 360 Zilia fluvius, 9 Zoology, 551, 553, 1299 Zygantes, 1 466 ) INDEX OF AUTHORS. Aa, P. van der, 307, 322 Abd-el-Wahid El Merakishi, 19 Abdalla Ibn Batuta, 28, 399, 525, 616, 742, 752 Abderraman-Ben-Mahomet, 1196 Abentarique, Alcayde Abulcacim, 118 Ablett, W., 585 Abu Abdulla Mohammed ibn Batuta, 28 Abu-Jaferi Mohammed ben Harir el-Tabari, 399 Abu-el-Hassan Ali bin el-Hussein, 15 Abu el-Kassim Ahmed ez-Ziani, 505 Abu ’1 Feda, Ismael, 25, 428, 598, 636 Abu Mahammed el-Abderi, 23 Abu-Obeid el-Bekri, 16, 780, 800 Adams, Robert, 511 Adamoli, Giulio, 1228, 1308, 1346 Addison, Lancelot, 255, 265, 268, 284 Adhari, Ibn, 30 ACthicus, 71 A’fricanus, Leo, 45, 49, 50, 51,109, 149, 180, 231, 361, 483, 484, 494, 561, 794 Agrell, Olof, 467 Aguirre, Ruperto, 790 Ahmed ben Abd-ul-vahabi, 399 --el-Hassan el Metsyovvi, 442 -Muhammed el-Moghrebi, 399 Akerman, John Yonge, 731 Albornoz, Mariano Carrillo de, 555 Alby, Ernest, 711, 750 Alcacon, Pedro A. de, 822 Alcantara, Emilio Lafunte y, 899, 904 Aldaie, James, 47 Aldrete, Bernardo Josd, 144, 332 Aldrich, T. B., 1450 Alermon y Dorreguiz, 816 Alfano, Carlo, 237 Alfaro, Manuel Ibo, 853 Ali Bei el Abassi, 506, 1223 Ali Ibn Sufian, 192 Allen, C. H., 1703 Alonso Valdespino, Santiago, 811, 812 Alvarez Perez-Jose, 1225,1259-1261, 1307. Amicis, Edmondo de, 1230, 1347 Amor, Fernando, 814 Anderson, William, 355 Andrews, W. H. C., 1546 Antoninus Augustus, 11, 722 Arib of Cordova, 18 Armand, Jean, 181 -, P., 1441 Arnao, Antonio, 858 Arteche, Don Jose Gomez de, 1224 Arteche, Don Josd Gomez de, and D. Fran¬ cisco Coello, 820 Asantar, Conde de, 199 Astley, Thomas, 371 Atmeller, Victoriano, 893 Augustus, Antoninus, 11,722 Augustin, Freiherr von, 696 -, Freiherrn Ferdinand von, 606 Avezac, A. P. D’, 565, 566, 584, 599, 621, 622 Aylmer, Admiral, 2066 Azurara, Gomez de, 34, 462, 634 Bache, Paul Eugtme, 888 Bacon, Dr. D. Francis, 644 Baden-Powell, Capt. R.S., 1909 Baena Parada, J. de, 196 Baeumen, August von, 881 Balansa, B., 1022 Ball, E. A. Reynolds, 1810 -, John, 1130, 1131, 1179, 1275, 1276, 1396. Balthorpe I., 256 Barbid du Bocage, Y. A., 890-892 Barbier de Meynard, C., 1235 Bard, Joseph, 758 Barg&s, Abbd, J, 802, 1798 -, l’Abbe, et Goldberg, M., 775 Baron, Mr., 2070 Barth, Dr. Heinrich, 723, 868 -, Henry, 777 Basset, Rene, 1330, 1469, 1518-1521, 1620, 1687, 1720, 1769, 1770, 1849, 1981 Bastella, Eduardo, D., 856 Batuta, Abdalla Ibn, 28, 399, 525, 616, 742, 752 Baudin, L. S., 552 Baudoz, A., et I. Osiris, 850 Baumgarten, J., 387 Bautista, Ft. Juan, 76 Beauclerk, G., 553 Beaumier, Vice-Consul, 871, 997, 1031-1033, 1076, 1097, 1098, 1190, 1209, 1219, 1220 Beaumont, Abbe Saunier de, 364 -, Pedro, 1049 Beckman, Wilhelm, 1943 Bell, John, 2119 Bellaire, Edouard Michaux, 2045 Bellio, V., and T. Taramelli, I960 Ben Abdalla el-Ivhateb el-Musulmani el- Kartoubi, 399 Beneden, Ch. Van, 1470 Benitez, Christ., 1436,1940 INDEX OF AUTHORS. 467 Benitez, D. Cristobal, 1721 Benjamin, Israel Joseph, 792 Berard, Aug., 601 Berbrugger, A., 835, 889, 970 -, L. A., 910, 947 -, M. Adrien, 706 Bernard, Captain, 2053 Bernhere, Thomas, 108 Berthelot, Sabin, 620 Bertherand, E. L., 1169 Bessa, Manuel de, 383 Bdthencourt, Jean de, 36, 973 Beynet, 915 -, Ldon, 929 Birago Avogadro, Dr. Gio. Battista, 203, 204, 235 Bissuel, Commandant H., 2035 Bizemont, V. de, 1559 Blackmore, William, 1063, 1064 Blakesley, J. W., 870 Blanckenhorn, 2051 Blanchbre, Bend de la, 1566 Blanco Herrero, D. M., 859 Bled de Braine, J. F., 704 Blcda, El Padre Presentado Fray Iavme, 152 Bleicher, Dr. A., 1157, 1194, 1202, 1392 Blome, Bichard, 250 Blount, Edward, 107 Blumentritt, F., 1658, 1659 Bocage, V. A. Barbie du, 890-892 Boccard, Giulio di, 1874 Boisner, Edmund, et G. F. Reuter, 737 Bonanza, D. Pascual de, 1536 Bonelli, Captain Emilio, 1477, 1524 -, D. Emilio, 1786 Bonnet, Dr. 1977 -, Edmond, 1764 Bono Serrano, Gaspar, 860 Bontier, Pierre, 174 Borda, Chevalier de, 420 Bordier, 1422 Borrow, George, 641 Borsari, Ferdinando, 1872 Bosquete, Carlos Felix, 249 Bossi, Giacomo, 603 Botas, Antonio Lopez, 1058 Bougainville, J. P., 392 Boulenger, G. A., 1893, 2026 Boulet, Abbe, 356 Bourde, P., 1424 Bourguignat, I. R., 951 Bourke, Thomas, 504 Bousquet, Du, 1643 Bouty, M. J., 1421, 1572, 1976, 2017, 2054 Boyde, Captain Henry, 352 Boyle, Captain Robert, 343 Brady, Henry B., 1353 Braithwaite, John, 349 Braun, Georgius, et Franciscus Hogenbergius, 68 Bray, William, 522 Brehm, A. E., 907 Brinton, Daniel G., 1986 Brisson, M. P. R. de, 441 Broadley, A. M., 1616 Broca, Paul, 1214, 1215 Brooke, Sir Arthur de Capel, 570 Brooks, Francis, 307 Brosselard, 659 Brouez, F.,^1975 Broussius, Emile, 2021 Broussonnet, Pierre-Marie-August, 466 Brown, Robert, 1472, 1783, 1898, 1945, 1994, 1995 Browrne, Harold Crichton, 1961, 2030 Brunner, Heinrich, 1297 Bruns, Hofrath, P. J., 463 Bueno, J. M., 842 Buffa, John, 503 Bugeaud, Le Marechal, 688 Burton, Sir Richard F., 1652 Busnot, Pere Dominique, 330 Butero, Joao, 55 Butler, Guillermo, 1046 Caillie, Rene, 557, 2105 Caine, Hall, 2028 Calderon de la Barca, Pedro, 282 Calle, Antonio, 741 Calvete de Estrella, Alfonso, 54 Calvo, 454 Camara, R. da, 1484 Camerano, L., 1298 Campany, 425 Campazano y Gonzalez, Ramdn, 819 Campou, Ludovic de, 1711, 1712, 1837 Campos, J., 1785 Canal, J., 1571, 1700, 1767, 1768 -- and L. Piesse, 1880 Canalejas, D. F. de Paula, 823 Cannon, Richard, 604 Canovas del Castillo, Antonio, 840 Caraman, Adolphe, 667/ Cardonne, Dennis Dom., 399 Carette, E., 749 Carpentier, Napoleon, 674 Carrillo de Albernoz, Mariano, 555 Carstensen, Vice-Consul, 746, 946, 964, 1015, 1071, 1129, 1151 Carvajal, Jose de, 1579 Casiri, Michael, 391 Cassel, V. E., 1877 Cassini, Mons. de, 419 Castaing, Alph., 807 Castaneira, Ramon F., 1226 Castelar. Don Emilio, 823 Castellanos, Fr. Manuel Pablo, 1305 Castiglione, il Conte Carlo Ottavio, 548 Castilho, Alexander Magno de, 985 Castillo, Antonio Canovas del, 840 -, Rafael del, 821 -y Olivas, Pedro Maria, 862 Castonnet des Fosses, H., 1563, 1564, 1610- 1614, 1693, 1759, 1848 Castries, Capitaine de, 1475 -, FI. de, 1378 Castro, Father, 616 ■-Joao, de, 115 Caussin de Perceval, A. P., 648, 1389 Centellas, Joachim de, 80 Cermeiio, Pedro M., and Pedro Lucuce, 400 Cervera Baviera, Capt. D. Julio, 1578, 1651 | Cervino, Joaquin Jose, 854 468 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Chaillet, R., 2102 Chaix, P., 847 Champlouis, M. Nau de, 927 Charant, A., 247 Charmes, Gabriel, 1686, 1760 Charrifere, E., 721 Chauchard, Achille, 887 Chaulmer, Charles, 209 Chavagnac, Cte. M. de, 1565, 1644, 1694, 1766 Chavanne, J. 1449 Chebab-ed-din Abou’l Abbasi, 399 Chehabbe-ed-din Ahmed el Mokri al Fasi, 399 Chelli, Nicolas, 1139 Chenier, Louis-Sauveur de, 435 Cherbonneau, 757, 1415 Chesneau, Nicolas, 82 Chetwood, Robert, 343 Cholmley, H., 253, 433 Christian, P., 689-691, 699 Clarendon, Earl of, 390 Clarke, Rev. James Stainer, 488 Claudio, Clemente, 306 Clemens, Samuel L., 1357 Clemente Claudio, 306 Cleveland, Capt., 2073 Cleynasrts van Diest, Nicholaes, 48 Clodd, Edward, 1887 Cochelet, Charles, 534, 535 Codera y Zaidin, Don Francisco, 1344 Codrington, Gen. Sir W. G., 1481 Coelius, Augustinus Curio, 62 Coello de Barbuda, Buys, 162 -, Don Francisco, 1227, 1265, 1266, 1303, 1580, 1941 -,--and Don Jose Gomez de Arteche, 820 Cole, Mr., 52 Colgass, N., 1401 Collago, Josd Daniel, 1439 Collazos, Baltazar, 60 “Collins, Mabel,” (Mrs. Cooke), 1987 Colonieu, Colonel, 2018 Colville, Capt. H. E., 1361 Comyn, Tomas de, 547 Conailhac, Jean Joseph Louis, 675 Conde, Don Josef Antonio, 518, 528 Conring, Colonel Adolph von, 1393 Constant, Benjamin, 1911 -, P. d’Estournelles de, 1681 Conti, Ramdn de, 614 Cooke, G. Wingrove, 827 -Mrs. (“Mabel Collins ”) 1987 Cora, Guido, 1999 Cordoba, Pedro Venegas de, 83 Cordova, Arib of, 18 Corning, Charles R., 1902 Cosson, E. St. Charles, 1135-1137, 1165, j 1193, 1249, 1419, 1491, 1762, 1763 Costa, D. Joaquin, 1483, 1580, 1800 Cotte, Narcisse, 776, 805 Cottington, R. O., 124 Count.inho, Gon^alo, 172 Cowan, G. D., 1500 Coyne, Commandant A., 1922 Craig, J., 1053 Crawford, J. V., 1703, 1894 Crema, C. F., 1482 Crenne, Lieut. Verdun de la, 422 Crevna, C. F., 1653 Croix, Le Sieur Petis de la, 304 Cruickshank, John, 1122 Cuevas, D. Teodoro de, 1200, 1527, 1778, 1864 Cunha, Josd da, 191 Curita, Germinimo, 135 Curtis, James, 489 -, Sir Roger, 2076, 2097 Cust, Robert Needham, 1501, 1958 Da Ccnha, Luiz Maria do Couto de Albu¬ querque, 930 Dalgleish, W. S., 1817 Dalzel, Vice-Consul, 2124 Damberger, Christian Frederic, 482 Dan, le R. P. Fr. Pierre, 190, 299, 300, 1543 D’Angers, Francois, le Pere, 200 D’Antas, Miguel, 971 Dapper, Olf., 239 D’Arcisas, Phre Augustin, 344 Darmon, Isaac, 1850 Dastugue, General, 779, 1002, 1163 Davidson, John, 609, 2118, 2119, 2120, 2122 Davis, Lt.-Col. John, 1740 D’Avity, Pierre, 197 De Ayala, D. Ignacio Lopez, 426 De Crouzenac, 364 De Forcade la Roquette, 912 De Goes, Damiao, 111 De la Croix, Le Sieur Petio, 304 De Lonreiro, 408 De Prado, J. A., 841' Debeaux and Daulez, 1889 Decugis, Dr., 1297 Defournoux, Dr., 1473 Defremery, C., 752, 833 Dekker, Jan, 367 Delaporte, M. 563 Delaval, Captain, 2066, 2067 Delavaud, L., 1560 Delisle, 127 Delphin, G., 1846, 1930 -, M., 2023 Deporter, Commandant, V., 1992, 2038 Derenbourg, Hartwig, 1577 Descamp, Alex., 724 Desfontaines, Rene-Louiche, 447 Desjardins, Ernest, 1041, 1101 Desmay, Louis, 294 Diana, D. Manuel Juan, 815 Diaz, Jose, 326 Diaz y Rodriguez, D. Manuel, 1586 j D’ldeville, Comte H., 1427, 1517 Didier, Charles, 593, 624, 669 Dios, Alexandro de la Madre de, 323 Dombay, Franz von, 465, 481, 486, 490, 491 Don, Sir George, 2108 Dorreguiz, Alermon y, 816 Douglas, Consul Sholto, 2091-2097, 2099- 2102, 2103, 2104 Douls, Camille, 1867-1871, 1903 INDEX OF AUTHORS. 469 Dournaux-Dupere, Norbert, 1133 Dozy, R., 880 ■-, —, et M. I. de Goeje, 974 -, R. P. A., 698, 712, 719 Drake, C. F. Tyrwhitt, 986, 987, 1011, 1035 -, E. C., 406a Drude', Dr. Oscar, 1486 Drummond Hay, E. W. Auriol, 2098, 2104- 2111, 2117 et seq. ---, J. D., 772, 945, 966 -, John H., 2095 -, Sir John, 650, 651, 652, 714, 1745, 1791, 1845, 1899, 2031 -, Robert, 1066, 1242, 1284, 1323, 1367 Du Mazet, 1250 Dubois, Albert, 1446 Duff, Consul C. A., 2078, 2079 -, James, 2077 Duffet, T., 260 Dumont, Pierre Joseph, 526 Dumoulin, C. A. Vincendon, and C. P, de Kerhallet, 766, 784, 785 Duncan, Vice-Cousul, 767, 941, 962, 989, 1013 Dunton, John, 188, 321 Duprat, Pierre Pascal, 684 Dupuis, Joseph, 539 -, Robert, 1242, 1284, 1323 --, Vice-Consul, 1069, 1127 Durand, Abbe' Philippe, 473 D’Urban, M. de Fortia, 661 Durieu, Xavier, 670, 756 Duro, Casareo Fernandez, 846, 1254, 1255, 1299, 1335 Duval, Jules, 898, 1000 -, M., 806 -, M. V., 1702 Duveyrier, Henri, 1100, 1160, 1175, 1221, 1440, 1562, 1630, 1631, 1713, 1773, 1851, 1982 Dyce, Rev. Alexander A. B., 1804 Ebbarck, Ed., 1156 Ebn el-Kantir, 399 Echard, Laurence, 334 Edrisi, Abu Abdulla Mohamed Ibn Mo¬ hammed el, 17, 95, 153, 974 El-Abderi, Abu Mahammed, 23 El-Athir, Ibn, 738 El-Bekri, 16, 780, 800 -, Abu Abdulla Mohamed Ibn Mohammed, 95 El-Hash Mohamed el-Bagdady, 1029, 1256 El-Hage Abd Salam Shabiny, 527 El-Hakim, Abd-er-Rahman ibn, 738, 780 El-Istakhri, 13 El-Makarri, 33 El-Messaudi, 15, 436, 1235 El-Wardi, Ibn, 22 Eliot, Rev. John, 254 Ellis, C., 2100, 2102 Elmacinus, 166 Ellsworth, A., 1973 a Elton, Vice-Consul, 770, 943,967,993, 1017, 1039 Elton, IV. J., 78S Emanuel the Fortunate, King of Portugal, 39 En-Noweiri, 27, 738, 740 Engelmann, Dr. W. H., 883 Erckmann, Jules, 1622, 1738 Escallon, Juan Vincenzo, 120 Escobar, Fr. de, 58 Espada, M. Jimdnez de la, 1434 Este'vanez Calderbn, Serafin, 678 Eysse Eysses, 418 Faguan, E., 2057 Faidherbe, Col., 803, 804 Fairlie, Archibald, 2030 Falbe, C. J., 837 Fanucci, Giov. Battista, 517 Faria de y Sovsa, Manvel, 286 Faye, Pfere Jean de la, 344 Feliu de la Pena, Francisco, 708 Felipe IV., Rey, 160 Fenton, Capt. E. Dyne, 1099 Feraud, L. Ch., 1248 Fernandez Duro, Casareo, 846, 1050 1254, 1255, 1299, 1335, 1525, 1526 Ferreiro, 1102 -, Don Martin, S45,1385, 1717,1719, 1777 Fillias, Achille, 1380, 1420 -, M. A., 834 Finck, Henry T., 2027 Fiter e Ingles, Joseph, 1343 Fitz-Geffery, Charles, 187 Fitzau, August, 1858, 1859 Fitzgerald, Col., 21361 Flamant, D. Manuel Maria, 818 Floriant, V. de, 1815 Fock, A., 2053 Folin, Marquis de, 1796 Follie, 302, 460 Fontpertuis, Ad. F. de, 1691 Foresta, Count A. de, 1334 Forster, John, 922 Foucauld, El Vizconde Carlos de, 1779 -, Vicomte Ch. de, 1569, 1632-1636, 1842 Fournel, Henri, 783, 1191 Freigius, Joan Thomas, 85 Frejus, Roland, 248, 257 Fritsch, Dr. K. von, and Dr. J. J. Rein, 1082, 1111 -, K. von, 1270, 1313, 1348 Frost, John, 1712 a. -, Vice-Consul, 1152, 1189, 1210, 1243, 1290, 1328, 1370, 1407, 1467, 1508, 1556, 1607, 1675 1 Fuentes, Diego, 65 Galiano, Pelayo Alcala, 1304, 1337,1338 Galibert, M. Leon, 665, 818 Galindo y de Vera, Le'on, 894, 1649, 1650 Gallonye, 270 Garcia y Gomez, Jose, 396 Garsten, Norman, 1667 Gasselin, Edouard, 1373 470 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Gatell, Joaquin, 950, 1043, 1044, 1075, 1342 Gay, Jean, 1192 Gayangos, Don Pascuel de, 617, 1181 Geikie, James, and Sir Andrew Eamsay, 1277 Gerard, Jules, 832 -, Sir William, 52 Gerome, J. L., 1253 Gervais, P., 591 Gibbon, Edward, 416 Gilbard, Major, 1463 Gilbert, J., 998, 1026 -, Th., 1004 Gimenez, S., 1627 Ginsburg, Rev. J. B., 1363 Giralt, J. R., 1581 Gobel, E., 1742 Godard, l’Abbd Leon, 778, 831 -, Pbre, 797. 801 Goeje, Dr. M. J. de, 798, 865, 1062 -, M. J. de, et R. Dozy, 974 Goldberg, M., et l’Abbe Barges, 775 Goltdammer, F., 1294 Gomera, Peiion de la, 412 Gomez de Arteche, Jose, 1224 -, Josd Garcia y, 396 Gonzalez, Ramdn Campazano y, 819 Gorringe, Lieut.-Com. Henry H., 1180 Goss, Charles F., 2010 Gosselin, P. F. J., 475 Gostling, G., 459 Gourgeot, F., 1416 Graberg de Hemso, Jacques, 529, 530, 573, 574, 579, 586, 595, 630 Grace, Vice-Consul, 769 Gramaye, Jean Bap., 156 Grammont, H. D. de, 1543 Gras, A. Le, and C. Philippe de Iverhullet, 1078 Gravier, Gabriel, 1164 Green, Consul J., 968,994,1018, 2085, 2087, 2089, 2090 Guadalajara y Xauierr, F. M. Marcos de, 144 Guedalla, II., 1358 Guidotte, Dr. P., 414 Guignes, M. de, 436, 443, 444 Guilbert, Aristide, 611 Guillon, Marie Nich. Sylv., 587 Guirandon, Captain C. de, 2011 Gunther, Albert, 1147 Hakluyt, Rev. Richard, 105 Halevy, Joseph, 1246 Haliburton, R. G., 1539, 1855, 1856, 2030, 2032 Hammer, M. de, 537 Hamilton, Sir F. W., 1146 Hamy, Dr. E. T., 1476 Hanno the Carthaginian, 2 Hansen-Blangsted, E., 1697 Hapde, J. Bap. Aug., 493 Hardman, Frederick, 879 Haringman, Hendrik, 492 Harris, John, 320 Harris, Walter B., 1744, 1808, 1862, 1913, 1914, 1939, 1998, 2030 Harrison, Captain John, 2064, 2065 -, Rev. John, 182 Hase, 607 Hatecanot, Sepher, 37 Hatfield, Consul, 2067, 2068 Haukal, Ibn, 14 Hay, see Drummond Hay Hecatseus of Miletus, 1 Hein, H., 1813 Hellwald, Ferdinand de, 972, 1312 Henty, George A., 2058 Herbelot, Barthelmy d’, 315 Herodotus, 3 Herrero, D. M. Blanco, 859 Hildyard, H., 1598, 1599 Hind Smith, W. Wilson, 1726 Hodgkin, Dr. Thomas, 937, 960 Hodgson, W. B., 568, 569, 643, 656 Hoefer, Dr. Ferd., 718 Hogan, Edmund, 72, 73, 105, 2235 Hogenbergius, Franciscus, et Georgius Braun, 68 Hollar, 882 -, W., 258 Hooker, Sir Joseph D., 1065, 1275, 1938 -, Sir William J., 755 Horowitz, Victor J., 1793 Host, Georg, 422, 456 Houdas, O., 1660, 1661, 1666, 1921, 1973 Howard, Lord Henry, 2064, 2066 -Vyse, Mrs. L., 1454 Huggins, see Hogan Hugonnet, F., 808, 809 Hunot, Vice-Consul, 1073, 1120, 1153, 1187, 1211, 1244, 1291, 1329, 1371,1408, 1511, 1512, 1557, 1608, 1676 Hunter, Vice-Consul, 1678 Hutton, Catherine, 524 Ibn-Abd el Jelil et Tenessi, 739, 1798, 1799 Ibn-Adhari, 30 Ibn Ayas, Mohammed, 40 Ibn Batuta, 28, 399, 525, 616, 742, 752 Ibn el-Wardi, 22 Ibn Haukal, 14, 479 Ibn Khaldun, 29, 399, 632, 738, 789, 999 Ibn Khallikan, 21 Ibn-Omar el Tunsi, Sheikh Mohammed, 734 Ibo Alfaro, Manuel, 853 Idris el-Jorichi, 1167 Iglesias, D. Felix Maria de Messina d, 895 Imam Abu Mohammed Saleh, 26 Imossi, Vice-Consul, 1149, 1184, 1207, 1240, 1288, 1405 Irby, Lieut.-Col. L. H. L., 1177 Jackson, G. A., 515 -, James, 1432 -, James Grey, 501, 502, 527 James II., 303 -, Lieut.-Col. Thomas, 410 Jannasch, R., 1729, 1730, 1788 Janson, W., 508 Jardine, Lieut.-Col. A., 438 INDEX OF AUTHORS. 471 Jaubert, Amedee, 589 Jerez Perchet, Augusto, 1027, 1048 Johnston, Keith, 1340, 1375 -, R. L. N., 1500 Joinville, 753 Jomard, 2105 Jones, John Harris, 793 -, Mr., 2067 -, Zachariah, 333 Jonnies, P. P. W., 549 Jordana, D. Jose y Morena, J., 1428, 1429, 1478 Joubert, Andre, 1042 Jourdan, L., 744, 745 •Tuan, Don Jorge, 406 Judas, 909 Kan, Prof. C. M., 1235, 2037 Kasimerski de Bibestein, 836 Kayser, Gabriel, 1797 Iveatinge, Colonel Maurice, 512 Kelaart, Dr. E. F., 707 Kelley, Lieut. J,, 1942 Kennet, White, 347 Kerdec Chdny, A. de, 1861 Kerhallet, C. P. de, 786, 844 -,-, and Vincendon Du- moulin, 766, 784, 785 -, C. Philippe de, and A. Le Gras, 1078 Kersten, L., 1350 Kessler, Capt., 1095 Khaldun, see Ibn Khalife, Mustaffa Ben Abdalla Hagi, 571 Khallikan, Ibn, 21 Kiepert, Heinrich, 867 Kirchhoff, A., 1973 Kirke, Colonel R., 2169, 2172 Kobelt, Wilhelm, Dr., 1448,1534,1535,1669 Koch, Dr. Carl, 1132 Kostenko, L. Th., 1229 Kramer, Commandant, 1331, 1332 Krebs, W., 1934 Kreuger, 736 Kunstmann, 762 La Martinique, Sieur de, 261 Lachdse, Dr. Lanoaille, 1278 Lafunte y Alcantara, Emilio, 899, 904 Lagrange, Dr. A., 1001 Lambert, Francis, 52 -, Paul, 1024 Lambrechts, M., 360 Lana, Manual G., 1341 Landa, Nicasio, 851 Lane-Pool, Stanley, 1942 Lange, Johannes, 1168 Langlbs, L., 498 Langles, Louis Matthieu, 1497 Lanier, L., 1576 Lanoye, F. de, 864 Lapeen, Vice-Consul, 1148,1183,1206, 1239, 1287, 1326, 1368,1404, 1464,1506, 1554, 1605 Lapie, Colonel Pierre, 661 Larmandie, Comte de, 1774 Larousse, Pierre, 1134 VOL. III. Larraspuru, Tomas de, 171 Laser a Varea, Al„ 329 Lassailly, Ch., 1878, 1879 Lassen, Ras-mussen, 546 Lataste, Fernand, 1640 Latreille, 542 Latton, Consul, 2070, 2071 Lavayssihre, P., 948 Lavina, D. Fernando Weyler y, 848, 849, 901 Lavisse, Ernest, 1924 Leared, Arthur, 1203, 1279, 1280, 1317 Lebat, Pbre Jean Baptiste, 346 Le Blanc, Vincent, 126, 202, 211 Le Chatelier, A., 1684, 2022 Leclercq, Jules, 1292, 1425 Lee, Samuel, 556 —, Sir Joseph C., 1662 Lempriere, William, 449 Lenazzedini, 399 Lenz, Dr. Oskar, 1435, 1442-1444, 1488- 1490, 1529-1533, 1592, 1593 Leo Africanus, 45, 49, 50, 51, 109, 180, 149, 231, 361, 483, 484, 494, 561, 794 Leplay, F., 576 Lerchundi, Fr. Jos6 de, 1107 Levinck, Madame Anne, 1568 Leyden, Dr. John, 476 Leynadier et Clausel, 700 Lia, Nicolas de, 398 Liebermann, J., 838 Liedekerke, 194 Lima, Joseph Guterres de, 325 Lindberg, J. Chr., 837 Lithgow, William, 142 Litteau, Guerin de, 1965 Livet, Charles, 1019 , Logie, Consul Charles, 2075, 2076 | London, Frederike H., 697 Londonderry, Marchioness of, 642 Lopez Botas, Antonio, 1058 I-da Costa Almeida, Antonio, 695 -Espila, 582 -Francisco, 154 Lord, Perceval Barton, 580 “ Loti, Pierre,” 1972 Lowe, Rev. Richard Thomas, 828, 829 Lowenstein, Prinz Wilhelm zu, 709 Lozano Munoz, Francisco, 1103-1105, 1140, 1225, 1258 I Lucuce, Pedro, and Pedro M. Cermeno, 400 J Lusitano, Candido, 389 I Maalem, 1843 MacCarthy, Oscar, 1682, 1683 MacGuckin de Slaue, see Slane Mackar, Pbre Denis, 344 Mackenzie, Donald, 1236, 1663, 1664, 1747, 1901, 1983, 1984, 1996 Mackintosh, William, 1812 ( Madoc, Laurence, 98-100 J Madre de Dios, Alexandro de la, 323. Magno de Castilho, Alexander, 985 Mahon, 1433 Mairault, Adrian Maurice de, 365 Major, R. H., 1020,1247 2 K 472 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Makarri, E1-, 33 Malavialle, L,, 1854 Maltzan, Heinr. Freiherr von, 1034 Manega, R., 1051 Mannert, Konrad, 536, 640 Marbeau, Edouard, 2044 Marcel, J. J., 597, 649 Marcet, Dr. A., 1639 . Mares, Dr. Paul, 782 Marial, W., 1426, 2020 Mariana, Juan de, 90 Marin, Carlo Antonio, 439 Marlowe, Christopher, 94 Marmol-Caravajal, 69,106 -, T. 327 Marquez de Prado, Josd, 735, 813 Martin, Ch., 810 -, Luis Garcia, 1345 Martinidre, H. de la, 1553,1646-1648, 1705- 1710, 1771, 1836, 1910, 2050 Martino, Giuseppe de, 905 Mas Latrie, Comte L. de, 619, 681, 973, 1734, 1735 Matham, Adrien, 216, 972 Mathieu, J., 1574 Matra, Consul J., 2080-2085, 2097 Matthew of Paris, 20 Matthews, Felix A., 1397, 1537 Maurique, Antoine-Marie, 1980 Mauroy, M., 685 Maurville, Bide de, 411 Maw, George, 1092, 1110, 1275 Mayo, William Starbuch, 727 Mazade, Charles de, 728 Mazet, A. du, 1212, 1250, 1413, 1414 Meakin, Budgett, 1595, 1781, 2012-2015A, 2028,2030 Meinguy, 378 Mela, Pomponius, 9, 43 Mendo 9 a, de Agostinho de Gavy de, 122 -, Hieronimo de, 121 Menezes, D. Fernando de, 354 -, Manuel de, 111 Mer, A., Capitaine, 1628 Mercier, Ernest, 1067, 1161, 1618, 1809 Merino, Fray, 499 Merle, A., 1645, 1701 Merry, Francisco y Colom., 931, 932 Mesa, Sebastian de, 175 Messina d Iglesias, D. Felix Maria de, 895 Methuen, Mr. Paul, 2066 Meulemans, Auguste, 1056 Mhammed ben Rahal, 1929 Middleton, Earl of, 2145, 2146, 2148 Miguel, Vincente Joseph, 306 Milbank, Capt., 2074 Millets, Allain Manesson, 335 Mirval, J. B. J. de, 751 Mocquet, Jean, 146, 312 Moger, Henri, 1923 Mohammed Abu Ras ben Ahmed ben Abd el-Kader en-Nasri, 1625 -ben Rahal, 1757 - bin Ahmed bin Ayas El-Hanefi el-Jerkasi, 498 -Es-seghir bin el Haj Abdulla el-Ufrani, 345 Mohammed es-Sghir Ben el-Haj Mohammed bin Abdalla, 1757 Molins, El-Marques de, 857 Moller, Dr. J. H., 612 Monedero Ordonez, Dionisio, 1263 Monin, H., 1293 Montefiore, Sir Moses, 923 Montgravier, Azdma de, 717 Morais, H. S., 1461 Morales, J. B. de, 155 Morayta, D. Miguel, 823 Morcelli, Stefano Antonio, 510 Mordokkhai, Rabbi Abi Serour, 1055, 1376 Mordtmann, A. D., 679 Moreira Pita, Manuel, 183 Moreno, Miguel, 413 Moreri, Louis, 316 Morgan, J., 376 Morocco, Emperor of, 2062 Mouchez, Capitaine, 928 Moiiette, Sieur, 295 Moura, Antonio, 554 -, Jose de Santo Antonio, 616 Mourlon, Michel, 1057 Mousson, A., 1171 Moustier, Pdre Arthur du, 208 Moutbe, Hauptm. A. V., 918 Movers, Dr. F. C., 633 M’rah Ould Bel-Hadji, 1474 Muley Meluc, Sultan, 79 Muller, L., 837 Munden, Captain, 2066 Munday, Anthony, 1127 Munoz, Francisco Lozano, 1103-1105, 1140, 1226, 1258 Murga, Jose M. de, 1028 Muro, Angel, 2025 Murray, Hugh, 516, 577 ■---, Mrs. Elizabeth, 795, 796 Narks, Sir George, 1068 Nash, Mr., 2066 Navarete, Josd, 1222, 1267 Navarro, Juan Jose, 395 -, Manuel de, 1302 Neve, Prof., 682 Newman, F. W., 657, 716, 1494 Nicholl, John, 959 Nicholson, Dr. John, 618 Nobbe, C. F. A., 645 Nobelly, 468 Nod, M. de, 747 Noll, F. C., 1143 Norman, C. B., 1339 Normand, Ch., 1423 Norwood, Lieut.-Governor, 2138, 2140, 2142, 2144 Noweiri, En-, 27 Ocana, Fr. Gomds de, 201, 264 Ockley, Simon, 328 Ogilby, John, 246 Olivas, Pedro Maria Castillo y, 862 Oliviera, Benjamin, 938 Ollive, Dr. C., 1174, 1381 INDEX OF AUTHORS. 473 Omboire, G., 1310 Ordonez, Dionisio Monedero, 1263 Orfila, D. Antonio Maria, 1167 Orozco, Augustin de, 145 O’Shea, John Augustus, 1714 Osiris, I., et A. Baudoz, 850 Osorius Hieronymus, 67 Ouseley, Sir William, 479 Ovilo Canales, D. Felipe, 1437, 1438, 1863 Paddock, Judah, 521 Paddon, Captain, 2068 Padro, Ramon, 1306 Paget, Violet (Vernon Lee), 1985 Paillet, H., 671 Paladilhe, D., 1178 Paleologue, Maurice, 1626 Pallu de Lessert, 1600 Pananti, Filippo, 520 Panet, Leopold, 729 Paradis, Venture de, 660 Parker, Hyde, 2072 Parquet, L., 1979 Passio, 41 Paulitschke, Dr. Philipp, 1485, 1790 Paul us, 453 Payne, Consul G., 2078 Payton, Consul C.A. (“Sarcelle”), 1281- j 1283,1309,1319-1321, 1364-1366, 1398- 1400,1456-1458, 1466, 1502-1505, 1509, 1510, 1540, 1541, 1547-1549,1604, 1670- 1673, 1677, 1727, 1728, 1749-1753, 1754, 1818-1826,1904-1908, 1917, 1918, 1949- 1957, 1967, 1968, 2001-2005, 2055, 2056 Pechaud, Jean, 1542 Peele, George, 101 Peigneaux, B., and A. Seguin, 1844 ‘ Pelet, General J. J., 6S7 Pelissier, E., 680 Pellow, Thomas, 366, 1945 Pena, Francisco Feliu de la, 708 Penn, Captain, 2064 Penon de la Gomera, 412 Pepys, Samuel, 223, 545, 626 -—, W., 1159 Perceval, A. P. Caussin de, 648, 1389 Perchet, Augusto Jerez, 1027, 1048 Perdicaris, Ion, 1668, 1775, 1776, 1816 Pereira, L., 91 Perez del Toro, 1715 Perez-Jose, Alvarez, 1225, 1259-1261, 1307 Perrier, Amelia, 1118 Perrot, Leon, 1445 Perry, Harold A., 1615, 1873 Peterborough, Earl of, 2133, 2134 Petticrew, Consul, 2070, 2071, 2072 Phelipe III., Sr. Key Catolico D., 127, 128, 129, 133 Phelps, Thomas, 301, 321 Philippe II. of Spain, 81 Picard, Edmond, 1928 Picatier, Ad., 1054, 1079 Piesse, L., 1543, 1656 -, —, and J. Canal, 1880 Pietch, Ludwig, 1269, 1311 Pingre, 420 Pinkerton, John, 500 Playfair, Sir R. Lambert, 1451, 1948 Pliny the Elder, 7 Plufgel, von, 578 Polignac, Colonel de, 2053 Polybius of Megalopolis, 8, 35 Pomponius Mela, 9, 43 Poole, Stanley Lane, 1360 Popham, Consul, 2073 Portugal, King of, Dom Sebastian, 117 —--,-, Emanuel the Fortunate, 39 Postel, R., 1515, 1623, 1624 Potocki, Jean, 461 Pouyanne, 1695 Power, W. Tyrone, 726 Prado, Jose Marquez de, 735, 813 Prdchac, 285 Prevost, Abb 4, 370 -, Duclos, 1471 Price, W., 2100 Primaudaie, Elie de la, 1096 Procopius of Caesarea, 12, 207 Prynne, Mr., 2064 Ptolemy, 10 Puente, Vice-Consul, 1186 -y Rubro, Pedro de, 1716 Puffendorff, Samuel, 319 Purchas, Samuel, 148, 165 Pyl, R. van der, 513 Quatremere, M., 572, 590, 789 Quedenfeldt, M., 1731, 1794, 1795, 1875, 1933, 1988, 1989, 2009 Quevedo e Castello Branco, Vasco Mousinho de, 138 Quijadlj, J., 1223 Ralli, Stenning, 1382 Ramon, L., 1138 Ramos, Geronimo, 75 Ramsay, Sir Andrew and James Geikie, 1277 Ramusio (or Rhamusio) Gian Battista, 44 Ratzel, Fr., 1602 Ravn, Wilhelm Frederick, 384 liawlinson, Canon George, 1895 Razilly, Chevalier de, 167 Read, Consul, 2072 Reade, Consul, 771, 924 Reclus, £lis£, 1725 Redman, Cons.-Agent, 768 -, Vice-Consul, 1150, 1185, 1208, 1241, 1289, 1327, 1369, 1406,1465,1507 , 1555, 1606, 1674 Reeves, Edward, 2059 Reid, T. Wemyss, 1551 -, S. G., 1603 Rein, Dr. J. J., and Dr. K. von Fritsch, 1082 1111 -, J. 1109, 1787 Reinaud, and Baron MacGuckin de Slane 623 -, G., 720, 765, 1217 Reinhold, W., 866 Remon, El Padre F. Alonso, 150, 151 Rennell, Major James, 560 474 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Rennell, Major J., and Alexander Scott, 538 Renou, E., 706, 1696 Reuter, G. F., et Edmund Boisner, 737 Rey, A. 625 -M., 668 Rhanusio or Ramusio, Gian Battista, 44 Richard, M., 710 Richardson, James, 872-875 Ricque, Dr. C., 925 Riley, James, 514 Rinn, Commandant Louis, 1692, 1935 Rios, Amador de los, 861 Ripherda, Duke of, 363 Rizo, Francisco, 764 Ro. C., 124, 148 Roberts, Henry, 85 Robertson, Rev. William, 655 Robles, F. Guillen, 1932 Roches, Leon, 1575 Rochon, Alexis, 452 Rodriganez, Tirso, 1341 Rohlfs, Gerhard, 906, 919, 935, 936, 954- 958, 975-983, 1005-1008, 1030, 1083, 1085-1089, 1113-1117, 1142, 1170, 1201. 1271-1273, 1374, 1487, 1597, 1685,1732 Rojas, Juan Luis de, 141 Rolland, M. Georges, 2053 Rolleston, Charles, 1807, 2016 -, C., and M. Schroder, 1391 Roman, Fray Antonio de San, 117 Romanelli, Samuel Aaron, 1733 Romero, Eugenio Maria, 596 Roquette, De Forcade la, 912 Roscoe, Thomas, 583 Rosell y Torres, Isidoro, 1198 Ross, John, 283, 2085 -, O. C. D., 876 Rotalier, Claude de, 629 Rotondo, Antonio, 818 Rouire, L., 2019 Rousseau des Roches, J., 701 Rousset, Camille, 1765 Ruidavets, Pedro, 759 Russel, Consul, 349, 2069 -, Frank S., 1741 --, M., 558 Sabatier, C., 1218, 1431, 1596, 2048, 2049, 2053 Sacy, Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre de, 445, 474, 497, 550, 713 Saez de Melgar, Faustina, 825 Sagarre, Joseph, 402 Saint-Amand, Baron de, 291, 297 St. Chaffray, Alfred, 992 Saint-Martin, Vivien de 916 St. Olon, Pidou de, 308 St. Saveur, Grassel, 469 Salazar, Pedro de, 46, 66 Salingr^, E., 1083 Salisbury, Marquess of, 2061 Sallust, 5 Salzmann, Philippe, 544 Sampson, Consul, 2073, 2074 San Francisco, Fr. Matias de, 263 — Javier, Vizcondo de, 1106 San Juan, Fr. Francisco de, 324 -Martin, Antonio de, 1010, 1080 -Miguel, Don Vincente Tofino de, 437 Sanchez Valenzuela, Joaquin, 1081, 1091 Sanguinetti, Dr. B. R., 752 Sanson, N , 213 Santo Antonio Moura, Jose de, 616 Santoja, D. Antonio y Diaz Perona, 1430 Sanuto, M. Livio, 92 “ Sarcelle ” (C. A. Payton), 1281-1283, 1309. 1319-1321,1364-1366,1398-1400, 1456- 1458, 1502-1505, 1547-1549, 1604, 1670-1673, 1749-1753,1818-1826, 1904- 1908, 1949-1957, 2001-2005 Sarrus, F., 743 Saugnier, 457 Saunier de Beaumont, Abbe, 364 Sauvaire, H., 1550 Say, Louis, 1841 Sayer, Frederic, 953 Schaefer, 1052 Schaudt, Jakob, 1528 Schickler, F., 863 Schlagintweit, Eduard, 913, 914 Schlozer, August Ludwig von, 415 Schnell, Paul, 1993 Schousboe, Peder Kofed Anker, 471. 472, 480 Schroder, M., 1391 -, Lieut. Seaton, 1180 Schweiger-Lerchenfeld, A. V., 1492 Schweighofer, 429 Scobel, A., 1588 Scott, Alexander, 533 -,-, and Rennell, Major J., 538 Scott, Colonel, 637 -, Sir Sibbald David, 1356 Scylax of Caryanda, 4 Sebastian, Dom, King of Portugal, 117 Sedillot, J. J., 575 Seehausen, Otto, 1974 Seguin, A., and B. Peigneaux, 1844 Sepher Hatecanot, 37 Serrano, Gaspar Bono, 860 Serur, Mordokhai Abi, 1175 Settala, Luigi, 495 Settle, Elkanah, 259, 288 Seux, Dr. A., 1077 Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 531 Sherley, Sir Anthony, Sir Robert, and Sir Thomas, 543 Shems-ed-din Abu-Abdalla Mohammed, 1144 Si Bu el-Moghdad, 885, 886 Sievers, Dr. Wilhelm, 2033 Silva, Rodrigo de, 137 Simonet, Prof. F. J., 2034 Slane, Baron MacGuckin de, 631, 647, 738, 763, 800, 1523 -,-, and Reinaud, 623 Sleigh, Captain Adderly W., 730 Smith, John, 173 -, Sir Sidney, 2106, 2107 -, Vice-Consul, 1016 Smyth, William Henry, 754 Snider-Pellegrini, A., 781 INDEX OF AUTHORS. 475 Soller, 2022 a Soller, Ch., 1840, 1900 Sollicoffre, Mr., 2069, 207«' Solvet, Ch., 613 Soto, Colonel Raimundo de, 869 Sousa, Fr. Joao de, 440, 446 Sovsa, Manvel Faria de y, 280 Spaan, Gerrit van, 310 Spain, Philippe II. of, 81 Spontoni, Ciro, 114 Spotswood, Surgeon, 314 Stahelin, Alfred, 2024 Stebbing, 112 Stein, Paul, 952 Stokes, Admiral, 2064 -, Vice-Consul, 942, 963, 990, 1014, 1037, 1070, 1128 Strabo, 6, 658 Stuewe, Friedrich, 594 Stukeley, Thomas, 104 Stuttfield, Hugh E. M., 1460, 1665, 2036 Sufyan, Ali Ibn, 192 Sumner, Hon Charles, 748 Sutherland, Lieut., 406 a Taramelli, T., and V. Bellio, 1960 Taschek, C. R. v., 1232 Tauxier, Henri, 900, 969, 1619 Taylor, J., Baron, 600 Tebaldi, G. B., and Ulloa, Alfonso, 61 Tenessy, see Ibn Tessier, Jibra'il, 1772 Teviot, Earl of, 2135 Thomas, Rev. Charles W., 877 Thomassy, Raymond, 627, 639, 683, 702 Thomson, Joseph, 1857, 1881-1886 Th^venin, Dr., 1025 The vet, Andrd, 70 Thornbury, Walter, 826 Thou, J. A. de, 350 Thureau-Dangin, Paul, 1920 Thurloe, John, 458 Tissot, Ch., 1172, 1173, 1213, 1214, 1215, 1251, 1545 Tofino de San Miguel, Don Vicente, 437 Tornberg, Cav. T., 646 Torres, Diego de, 42 -, Isidoro Rosell y, 1198 Torres-vedras, Conde de, 205 Torrijos, Manuel, 843 Traill, H. D., 1896 Treillant, Pierre, 103 Trotter, Captain Philip Durham, 1395, 1499 Troughton, Thomas, 379 'fully, Miss, 502 “ Twain, Mark ” (Samuel L. Clemens), 1357 Tyrrell, Colonel F. H., 1959 Tyrwhitt-Drake, C. F., 986, 987, 1011, "1035 Ulloa, Alfonso, and G. B. Tebaldi, 61 -, Jose Varela y, 417 Urquhart, David, 725 Urrestazu, Francisco de A. de, 1257 V albert, G., 1573, 1839 Valdespino, Santiago Alonso, 811, 812 Valenzuela, Joaquin Sanchez, 1081, 1091 Varela y Urloa, Jose, 417 Vasco Mousinho de Quevedo e Castello Branco, 138 Vasconcellos, Antonio Manoel de, 193 Vasili, Comte Paul, 1978 Vaz de Almada, Fr., 164 Veer, G. de, 934 Vega, Francisco de, 338 Velain, 1352 Velasquez de Velasco, 59 Vella, Joseph, 424 Vendegies, Ch. d., 1379 Venegas de Cordoba, Pedro, 83, 1411, 1803, Vera, Ltlon Galindo y de, 894 Verdun de la Crenne, Lieut., 420 Vernes d’Arlandes, Th., 1410 Verney, Lady, 1609 “ Vernon Lee ” (Violet Paget), 1985 Verschoyle, Rev. John, 1621 Veth, Prof. P. J., 1234 Viardot, Louis, 732 Viaud, Julien, see Loti, Pierre Vilain, 1638 Villa-Amel y Castro, Jose, 1322 Villaamil, D. G. Cruzada, 823 Vincendon Dumoulin and C. P. de Kerhallet, 766, 784, 785 Vincenzo, Marchessi, 1723 Vinchon, Baron de, 610 Virchow, Rudolph, 1990 Vries, S. de, 298 Vyse, Mrs., see Howard Vyse Wadding, Luca, 353 Waddingus, Fr. Lucus, 496 Wake, Richard, 1946 Walckenaer, Baron C. A., 532, 605 Waltham, Edward, 1459 Wappiius, 638 Warner, Charles Dudley, 1462 Warren, Admiral, 2064, 2066 -, Capt., 1455, 1552, 1806 -, Sir Charles, 1748 Washington, Lieut., 567, 662, 2106, 2107 Watson, Robert Spence, 362 Webb, Philippe-Barker, 551, 581 Webster, H. A., 1496 Westerlund, C. A., 1743 Wetzstein, 1789 Weyler y Lavina, D. Fernando, 848, 849, 901 Whatley, Consul, 2072 Wheatley, Henry B., 1355 Whetnall, Baron, 1724 Wiltshire, W., 2102 White, Consul Horace P., 944, 965, 991, 1040, 1072, 1125, 1126, 1154, 1155, 1188, 1204, 1205, 1237, 1238, 1285, 1296, 1324, 1325, 1372, 1409, 1468, 1513, 1558, 1609, 1679, 1680 -, Herbert E., 1755, 1756, 1827, 1828, 1916, 1969. Wilkins, George, 119 476 INDEX OF AUTHORS. Wimpffen, GOidral de, see Subject Index Windham, Thomas, 52 Windus, John, 342 Woolridge,, Vice-Consul, 940, 961, 988, 1012, 1036, 1038, 1073, 1119 Wroth, Sir Thomas, 52 Wyatt, James, 372 Yakuti, 31 Yorke, Sir John, 52 Yriarte, Charles, 911 Zanoni, G., 266 Zehden, C., 1591 THE END. * b ) ■■aMM