Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2018 with funding from Getty Research Institute https://archive.org/details/reportsonparisunOOgrea_O PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1867. VOL. I. CONTAINING THE EEPOET BY THE EXECUTIVE COMMISSIONER, AND APPENDICES. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty . LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. TOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OEEICE. 22970. 1868 . . : ^ TABLE OF CONTENTS. Ground plan of Paris Universal Exhibition Plan of British space in building and park }; - Page - to face vii Report by Executive Commissioner - vii APPENDIX Announcement of the Exhibition (A.) - 1 APPENDIX Appointment of Royal Commission (B.) - 6 APPENDIX List of Associate Commissioners (C.) «, - 10 APPENDIX (D.) List of Commissioners for India and British Colonies - - 19 List of Executive Commissioners appointed by Foreign States - 22 APPENDIX (E.) Names of the International Jurors appointed by their respective countries 23 List of British Jurors and Associate Jurors, Delegates, and Reporters - 51 APPENDIX (F.) Official Reporters - - - - - - - 56 List of reports on the various classes in the Paris Exhibition - 56 APPENDIX (G.) General regulations issued by the Imperial Commission - -59 Correspondence between the British Commission and the Imperial Com¬ mission - - - - - - - -82 APPENDIX (H.) Gallery of the History of Labour before 1800 being a “ Loan Collection of Works of Art” -.122 APPENDIX (I.) Exhibition of periodical literature - - - - -121 APPENDIX (J.) Allotment of space - - - - - - -125 APPENDIX (K.) Regulations respecting the nature of the rewards and the composition of the Juries appointed to award them, issued by the Imperial Commis¬ sion --------- 125 Number of members, French and foreign, in each subdivision of the International Jury - - - - - - -130 Apportionment of the members of the International Jury amongst the different States based upon the amounts of space which those States occupy in the Exhibition - - - - - -132 Summary of the dates fixed for the appointment and the labours of the International Jury - - - 132 A 2 1Y APPENDIX (L.) Page Report on Works of Art by S. Redgrave - - - - 133 APPENDIX (M.) Statement respecting the buildings, &c. constructed in tbe Park by the British Executive Commission - - - - - 136 APPENDIX (N.) Report on the steam and motive power arrangements by Capt. F. Beau¬ mont, R.E. - - - - - - - 142 APPENDIX (O.) Report by Lieut.-Col. Ewart, R.E. on the precautions adopted against fire in the British History of Labour and Fine Art Galleries - - 152 APPENDIX (P.) Reports on visits of Artizans to the Paris Exhibition - - - 154 Report by Lieut.-Col. Ewart, R.E. - - - - - 154 Report of M. Haussouiller - - - - - -156 List of establishments which British workmen obtained permission to visit --------- 159 List of reports made by British artizans who visited the Paris Exhibition 167 Letter from M. Fouche to M. Haussouiller on the differences between French and English workmen - - - - - 172 Tariff adopted for workmen in France - - - - - 176 APPENDIX (Q.) Statistics. List of objects exhibited at the Paris Exhibition by the Science and Art Department, presented to and accepted by the French Government for various public institutions in France - - - - 184 List of objects exchanged at the Paris Exhibition - - - 185 List of Printed Papers issued by the British Executive Commission for the information of exhibitors, &c. - - - - -186 Return showing the number of letters despatched and received by the British Commission - - - - - - -182 Comparative statement of number of letters and documents regist ered and despatched by the British Commission with reference to the Ex¬ hibitions of 1867 and 1855 - - - - - - 188 APPENDIX (R.) Return of the number of persons visitiDg France by various routes during the year 1867 as compared with the year 1866 - 189 APPENDIX (S.) Abstract of prices for the conveyance of goods by various routes from London to the Paris Exhibition - - - - - 190 APPENDIX (T.) Descriptive list of blinds placed by the British Executive in the windows of machinery gallery (with engravings) - - - - 191 APPENDIX (U.) Address to the Associate Commissioners, read by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on the 11 th January 1867 ----- 195 V APPENDIX (V.)’ Page Memorandum drawn up by Foreign Executive Commissioners on manage¬ ment of future International Exhibitions - - - ^ 196 APPENDIX (W.) Summary of Documents relating to legal proceedings affecting Interna¬ tional interests in connexion with the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867 --------- 197 1. Report of Monsieur Treitt - - - - - -198 2. Law proceedings relative to Catalogue Contract - 201 3. Terms of advertising concession ----- 204 3a. Result of M. Ber’s action against Messrs. Spiers and Pond, Refresh¬ ment Contractors (British side) ----- 206 4. Terms of Money Exchange Concession and result of law proceedings on same -------- 207 5. Chair concession, and result of action against Imperial Commission - 219 6 . Terms on which allotments of space were made to Refreshment Con¬ tractors by Imperial Commission - - - - 223 6a. Result of action brought by Foreign Refreshment Contractors against Imperial Commission - - - - - -226 APPENDIX (X.) Correspondence between the Jurors and Henry Cole, Esq., Executive Commissioner - - - - - - -230 APPENDIX (Y.) British Executive Staff ------- 233 APPENDIX (Z.) Memorandum on the differences between the Paris Exhibition of 1867 and the Paris Exhibition of 1855 ----- 236 APPENDIX (AA.) Financial details 237 GROUND plan OT PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1867 Scale of Feet 100 200 300 +00 500 600 700 800 FEET scale: iAq. *?°i , ■ , ? _ 29^ _^2_122__ 590Feet. omiyersal exhibition, mdccclxvii PLAN OF THE BRITISH SPACE. COMPARATIVE SIZES OF THE TOTAL SPACE OCCUPIED BY THE BUILDINGS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITIONS OF 1851. 1855, 1862 & 1867. WITH THE PROPORTIONS OCCUPIED BY GREAT BRITAIN. LONDON. 1862. LONDON. I85J . N B The, smaller squares indicate, the comparative soze of the British, space TSnceixt Brooks Bay & SanLith H >. V f / ? REPORT. South Kensington Museum, My Lord, 15th July 1869. 1. I have the honour, as the Executive Commis¬ sioner for directing the British portion of the Universal Exhibition of Art and Industry held at Paris in the year 1867, to lay before your Lordship an account of the pro¬ ceedings, so far as they concern that section of the Exhi¬ bition. This Report is brought up to the 81st March 1869, when the affairs may be considered as virtually terminated. There are still some matters of small account unsettled, but these are not of sufficient importance to delay the Report. 2. Although full correspondence showing the preliminary arrangements made between France and England in respect of the Universal Exhibition of 1867 has been laid before Parliament, (See House of Commons Paper, No. 379, printed 20 June 1867), it is necessary to recall some of the principal points. The determination of the French Government to hold a Universal Exhibition to be opened on the 1st May 1867 was announced by a decree as early as 23rd June 1863. But the appointment of the Imperial Commission for managing the Exhibition, and the announcement of its opening on 1st May and closing on 30th September 1867 were not published until the 1st February 1865. (See Appendix A., p. 1). On the 23rd February 1865 copies of the several imperial decrees and reports were communicated by the Foreign Office to the Science and Art Department. And the French Ambassador at the English Court, by letter dated 11th March 1865, expressed the wish of the French Government, that some authorities should be speedily nominated to communicate with the French Commission. Accordingly a communi¬ cation, dated 20th March 1865, was addressed to the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty’s Treasury by Mr. Bruce, then Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education, suggesting that an estimate of 50,000£. should be submitted to Parliament and a vote of 5,000Z. was taken on account in the estimates of that year. Mr. Cole’S Report. Correspon¬ dence re¬ lating to the Exhibition. Me. Cole’s Repoet. Appoint¬ ment of Royal Com¬ mission. The charac¬ ter of the Exhibition. viii Reports on the Paris Exhibition . 3. Her Majesty the Queen was pleased to issue a Com¬ mission, dated 27th April 1865, addressed to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, to the Lord President of the Council, and a numerous body of noblemen and gentlemen representing various interests in the United Kingdom. After reciting the intention of the Emperor of the French to hold the Exhibition, the Commission expressed Her Majesty’s wish that the Exhibition should afford full and suitable representations of the Industry and of the Fine Arts in the United Kingdom, its Colonies and Dependencies throughout the world. The Commission recited that esti¬ mates were to be submitted to the Commons’ House of Parliament for the purpose of affording the necessary assist¬ ance through the Department of Science and Art, to be administered as the Lord President of the Council and the Vice President of the Committee of Council on Education for the time being might direct; and the Commission ap¬ pointed the Commissioners to advise upon the best mode by which the products of Industry and Fine Arts might be procured and sent to the Exhibition, and gave power to ap¬ point additional Commissioners and to name and appoint Jurors. The functions of the Commissioners were delibera¬ tive, and the responsibility for all executive measures rested solely upon the Lord President of the Council. The Com¬ missioners held seven meetings, and their proceedings will be set forth in a separate report to Her Majesty. The names of the associate Commissioners, the Jurors, and associate Jurors will be found in the Appendix (pp. 10 and 51). 4. The Paris Exhibition differed in many respects from all previous universal exhibitions. It was at least four times as large as any former one. It embraced many new features in respect of the objects to be exhibited : besides the represen¬ tation of modern works it comprised an exhibition of ancient works of art, even from a pre-historic period. It aimed at representing not merely the processes of manu¬ facture, but the manners and customs of nations, and dancing, singing, various theatrical representations, sports and shows, were admitted within its scope. Shops were erected for sales, which were not merely permitted but encouraged throughout the Exhibition to the fullest extent, and various means were resorted to by the Imperial Commission to increase their receipts, by placing charges hitherto unusual, both on native exhibitors and on foreign commissions. I venture to observe that the miscellaneous charges enforced by the British Commission of 1862 can IX Mr. Coles Report. hardly be said to have imposed any restraints on Foreign Me. cole’s commissions ; whilst in 1867, the various monopolies which were sold by the Imperial Commission often interfered with them, and unfortunately gave rise to some un¬ pleasant feeling and numerous lawsuits (see Appendix W., p. 197). The views which M. Behic, the Minister of Agri¬ culture, submitted to the Emperor in 1865 (see Appendix A., p. 3), will prove safer guides for future Exhibitions. He pointed out that bad service resulted from these monopolies, that they discontented the public and damaged the total receipts; that such imposts bore heavily upon the exhibi¬ tors or their representatives, and appeared injudicious, as aggrieving many persons who came to the Exhibition at personal sacrifices from a sentiment of patriotism. 5. The iron building provided by the Imperial Com- The mission was divided into a series of zones, each zone assigned andft? 5 to a special group of objects made up of classes pre- Sent?" scribed by the Imperial Commission (see Appendix G., p. 61). The building consisted of two semicircles, joined by a rectangle, and the principal part of the objects exhibited were necessarily arranged upon curves; in fact, the whole of the space assigned to Great Britain consisted of zones on the curve. The effect of the circles was to prevent any lengthened views, to interfere with the arrangement of pictures, to prevent symmetrical laying out without great sacrifice of space, and to render the arrangements for working the machinery difficult and costly. The theory on which the exhibition was based, would have been equally well complied with by adopting the form of an oblong or an unequal sided octagon. 6. The design of the Imperial Commission was to cause Scheme for each nation to erect a number of courts and rooms without Sdecora- reference to any general effect; and the result in many tions * cases was to render the exhibition of the objects quite subordinate to the chambers in which they were arranged. This was especially the case with the Oriental countries, where the courts and divisions were so lavishly decorated as to quite eclipse the objects shown. The arrangement of the United Kingdom was based upon the traditions of former exhibitions. The display of the objects themselves was considered to be of paramount importance ; the in¬ troduction of ostentatious cases was discouraged, whilst every exhibitor was allowed to exercise the utmost possible freedom in displaying his objects. The decoration of the X Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cole’s Eepoet. Fallacy of the theory of Arrange¬ ment. Regulations. British section. structure was therefore simple, and the use of draperies brought the whole into a unity which in its simplicity formed a contrast to all other portions of the main build¬ ing. Although freely criticised by the English Press, foreigners appeared to be unanimous in their approval of it. 7. One fallacy in the arrangement adopted by the Imperial Commission lay in the assumption that every nation would exhibit an equal proportion of objects in each group, but when the stern facts of the case had to be dealt with in the actual arrangements, discordant violations of principle were to be found throughout the Exhibition. Group X., for instance, divided into seven classes, virtually intruded itself into all other groups. This group consisted of “ Objets spdcialement exposes en vue d’ameliorer “ la condition physique et morale des populations.’' The attempt to combine a scientific and a geographical arrangement with equal fairness to both principles cannot be realized. Heretofore the geographical principle has taken precedence; but it would be quite practicable by well considered arrangements, to have a systematic classification of objects according to their nature, and probably this will be the direction taken in any future Exhibition. But to di this it would be necessary to allot the spaces to each country, subdivided according to subjects, and not as a whole. 8. Some of the rigid rules laid down were in practice inoperative or led to inconvenience, and in future Exhibi¬ tions they should be avoided. The Imperial Commission laid down the rule that the zonal passages, all of equal width, should be strictly preserved ; but the public could not be constrained to use all equally : consequently in parts where the objects were very attractive these passages were much too narrow, and in other places unnecessarily wide. Moreover, the small passages in the various courts were parallel with the official zonal passages, and the public crowded the smaller ones and the larger were vacant. In former exhibitions the system was to have a nave, where the most attractive objects were brought to the front, and this system worked more conveniently. 9. I now proceed to lay before your Lordship some brief account of the British section of the Exhibition. In accordance with the precedent of former exhibitions, invita- Mr. Coles Report. xi tions were addressed through the Secretaries of State, in¬ viting India and the different British colonies to take part in the exhibition, and requesting them to name gentlemen with whom the executive might correspond. Nearly all the colonies responded to the invitation thus addressed to. them, and were represented at the exhibition by gentlemen whom they accredited as commissioners (see Appendix D., p. 19). The products and manufactures of India, Canada, Malta, the Australian and Cape colonies were especially well represented, and obtained numerous awards from the International Jury. Including India and the colonies, the number of exhibitors in the British section was 4,755. Following the examples of the French and other Foreign Governments, the under-mentioned British Public Depart¬ ments were represented at the Paris Exhibition:— 1. The Admiralty. 2. War Department. 3. Trinity House. 4. Post Office. 5. Treasury (for public printing). 6. Science and Art Department. 7. Board of Trade. 8. Irish Commissioners of Fisheries. Me. Cole’ Repoet. Government depart¬ ments. Special buildings were erected in the Park and on the Berge for the exhibition of the objects forwarded by the War Department and Admiralty (see Appendix M., p. 136). Space for the objects sent for exhibition by the Post Office, Treasury, and Trinity House (with the exception of the electric light, for the exhibition of which a special structure was erected, see Appendix M., p. 135), was provided in the main building. The fish passes, &c., sent by the Irish Fisheries were exhibited in the agricultural shed. O 10. A special committee, of which H.R.H. the Duke of Admiralty. Edinburgh was president, was appointed for the selection of the naval objects which it might be thought desirable to send for exhibition. The objects furnished by the Admiralty included a set of marine engines of 350-horse power, made for H.M. ship “ Sappho for these engines the International Jury awarded a grand prix to the maker, Mr. John Penn. A series of half-block models, illustrating the forms of the various classes of steam ships of the Royal Navy since the introduction of the screw, on a scale of J inch to the foot, was specially constructed for the Exhibition; also models ©f the systems of construction of iron-cased ships, and of the general fittings of men-of-war. A complete set of the xii Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. cole’s boats in use in H.M. navy, including a first-class steam Repori. w itb engines, armament, and fittings, was also included amongst the objects sent. The Hydrographic Department of the Admiralty exhibited specimens of the manuscript and published charts produced in their department, as well as copies of the sailing direc¬ tions, and nautical tables published by the Admiralty. The whole collection furnished by the Admiralty was exhibited in a building erected on the Berge, and on a barge moored in the Seine opposite the building (see Appendix M., p. 137). The steam launch was placed in charge of an engineer and sailors, and was occasionally worked up and down the Seine. War Depart. II. The objects sent by the War Department were meiit. selected by a special sub-committee appointed by the Se¬ cretary of State for War, of which Mr. Douglas Galton, C.B., Assistant Under Secretary of State, was chairman. The objects selected, included heavy ordnance, field guns, small arms, camp and hospital equipage, clothing, barrack fittings, &c. They were exhibited in two special buildings erected in the Park (see Appendix M., p. 138). The ordnance, small arms, shot and shell, clothing, &c., were exhibited in the larger building or shed, and were methodically and tastefully arranged by the artificers attached to the respec¬ tive departments furnishing the different objects, under the general superintendence of Colonel Younghusband, It.A. The barrack and hospital fittings were arranged in a series of small rooms, which served to show the actual manner in which non-commissioned officers and soldiers' rooms are fitted up in the British army. The French Minister of War kindly permitted a body of artillery to assist in placing the heavy ordnance, who with their officers were sent expressly from Bourges and remained in Paris for four weeks. The French and English soldiers worked cordially together throughout. 12. Both the War Department exhibition, and that of the Admiralty, excited general interest amongst the visitors to the Exhibition. The shed in which the heavy ordnance was exhibited, including as it did a specimen of a 600- pounder gun mounted, was, especially, much visited. The policy of exhibiting to all the world specimens of the guns and munitions of war in use in the British army is a subject which was questioned at the time; but in some respects at least the decision arrived at was a wise one. In England foreigners have never had any difficulty in seeing, Mr. Cole's Report xiii at Woolwich and Shoeburyness, all that we possess, whereas in France the Government had shown unwillingness to allow English or foreign officers to view any of their ordnance establishments. Following, however, the example shown in the Exhibition, English officers were now for the first time admitted to view establishments which had been previously closed to them, and were allowed even to be present at experiments conducted at Vincennes. 13. The corporation of the Trinity House sent for exhibi¬ tion a very interesting series of electric and other lighthouse apparatus, fog signals, models of light vessels, buoys, beacons, &c. Space for the lanterns, models, &c. was provided in the main building ; but in order to show with effect the electric light, as used for lighthouse purposes, it was determined to exhibit it at the same height at which it would be ordinarily shown on the coast. For this purpose a scaffold, upwards of 180 feet in height, was erected, and on the top of this the lantern was placed. Owing to difficulties in the necessary machinery it was not until 22nd May that all the arrange¬ ments for showing the light were matured, but from that date the electric light was successfully exhibited for two hours every evening. On account of the height at which the light was placed it was not seen well in the Exhi¬ bition itself; but it formed a most conspicuous object from the greater part of the city of Paris and the country round. 14. Her Majesty's Postmaster-General sent a set of models of apparatus and machines illustrating the arrangements adopted at the General Post Office, London, including models of railway mail carriages and of a mail steamship. Her Majesty’s Postmaster-General established also in the Exhibition a branch money order office, which was useful in enabling visitors to the Exhibition, especially British artizans, to receive and forward remittances from or to England. 15. The Lords Commissioners of H.M. Treasury authorized a collection of historical chronicles and records, including a copy of Doomsday Book, to be forwarded to Paris. A set also of facsimiles of Public and Private Acts, Patents, &c., Journals of the House of Lords and Acts of Parliament were also forwarded. At the close of the Exhibition the collection was pre¬ sented, by direction of the Lords of the Treasury, to the Emperor of the French, who was graciously pleased to Mb. Cole’s Report. Trinity House. Post Office. Treasury. XIV Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cole’s Report. Board of Trade. Ordnance Maps. Irish fish¬ eries. Science and Art Depart¬ ment. Printing. Transport. accept it, and caused it to be placed in the Imperial Library. 16. The Board of Trade sent a specimen of the rocket apparatus, with cart, &c., as furnished to stations on the coast for saving life at sea; also models furnished by the Office of the Begistrar-General of Seamen, showing the mode of using the hags of the International Commercial Code of Signals. 17. Specimens of the maps, sections, &c., the results of the geological and ordnance survey of Great Britain, were provided by the heads of those departments. 18. The Commissioners of Irish Fisheries exhibited a series of models of fish passes, fishing apparatus, and spe¬ cimens of fish. Space for the exhibition of these objects was provided in the agricultural shed. 19. Lastly, the department over which your Lordship presides sent a complete series of illustrations of the course of drawing, painting, modelling, and studies pursued in the Schools of Science and Art in connexion with this Depart¬ ment, together with specimens of the reproductions of works of art for the use of those schools ; and examples of the orna¬ mental work in terra-cotta used in the construction of this Museum. The terra-cotta specimens were at the close of the Exhibition presented to the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, in the garden of which they have been carefully re-erected as complete structures in the form in which they were exhibited. Other objects exchanged with France and other States are detailed in the Appendix (Q., p. 184). 20. The Department also caused a collection to be made of specimens of the periodical and ephemeral literature of the United Kingdom, and of the reports issued by cha¬ ritable and other institutions, which excited much interest and comment. Specimens of decorative works executed for use in the buildings of South Kensington were sent, such as stained glass, bronzed doors, majolica columns, mosaics for wall and floor decoration, &c., and the jury awarded a gold medal to these exhibits. 21. It having been decided that exhibitors would have to make their own arrangements for, and defray the ex¬ penses of the transport of their goods to the Paris Mr. Cole's Report, xv Exhibition, the British Executive caused inquiries to be made, and collected information as to the prices and relative facilities of the different routes for the conveyance of goods to Paris; the results of these inquiries were tabu¬ lated (see Appendix S.* p. 190). Exhibitors were informed by circular of the 21st December i 866 of the different routes by which they might send goods, and of the arrangements which it would be necessary for them to make. They were also supplied with the necessary labels to affix to their cases, and were required to state the route by which they elected to send their goods. The British Executive under¬ took the duty of unloading the goods on their arrival at the Exhibition building and depositing them on the respective spaces of the Exhibitors inside the building. The Executive also undertook to defray the expenses con¬ nected with the clearance of the goods in the building, by the Custom House agent. 22. Arrangements were made with M. Moreno Henriquez, Customs Traffic Manager of the Paris Chamber of Com¬ merce, for the custody and stowage of empty cases at a certain fixed rate, according to the size of the case. 23. For the conveyance of the objects sent by the Government Departments different routes were adopted, according to the nature of the objects to be forwarded and to the necessity of their being sent speedily or not. In the case of works of fine art and objects lent for the history of labour exhibition very special arrangements were made, as the loss or damage to any of the objects lent would have been irreparable. In order, therefore, to ensure their safety en route , special vans were constructed. The objects were packed in these vans at the South Kensington Museum, which were conveyed by the South Eastern Railway and Northern Railway of France, via Boulogne, and were not opened until they arrived at the Exhibition ; careful officers were sent in charge of the vans. By these means, notwithstanding in many instances, the exceedingly delicate and fragile nature of the objects sent, not a single accident occurred in their transit to or from the Exhibition. 24. For the heavier objects sent, such as the boilers, steam cranes, &c., and also for all the objects sent by the War Department, including the heavy ordnance, the route via the Thames and Seine by Messrs. Gaudet’s steamers was adopted; by this route goods were shipped in the Thames Mr. Cole’s Report. Packing cases. Conveyance of works of Pine Arts, &c. Heavy goods. Mr. Cole’s Report. Advantages of circular railway. Assistance given by ex¬ hibitors. Catalogue. Reports. xvi Reports on the Paris Exhibition, and were landed on the wharf adjoining the Exhibition. It unfortunately happened that the waters of the Seine were unprecedentedly high at the time when it was necessary to send the boilers to Paris, and the steamers were in con¬ sequence prevented from passing through the different bridges until the flood had subsided; with this exception the route was found to be most convenient, and by no means a long one. The objects sent by the Admiralty, including the marine engines, were taken in H.M. ship “ Buffalo ” as far as Rouen, whence they were transhipped in barges and brought up the Seine to Paris. The routes via London and Dieppe and via Newhaven and Dieppe were also much used, and found to be both economical and quick. For the prices of the several routes, see table, (Ap¬ pendix S., p. 190). The great pressure put on the Northern of France Railway caused at one time a considerable delay in the transport of goods by that route. 25. The circular railway round the Exhibition, which was in connexion with the different railways of France having termini at Paris, enabling as it did goods to be brought right into the building, proved of immense service : indeed, had it not been for the facilities afforded by this railway, it would have been almost impossible to have opened the Ex¬ hibition on the 1st of April. The work of the officers of the Executive was also greatly assisted by the steam cranes which were placed at their service by certain exhibitors for the unloading of goods. The names of the gentlemen who lent cranes for this purpose are mentioned in the Report by Capt. Beaumont, R.E., on the steam and motive power arrangements (see Appendix N., p. 151). 26. A complete catalogue of the British section in four languages, viz., English, French, German, and Italian, and accompanied by comprehensive statistical tables pre¬ pared at the special desire of the Imperial Commission, was published and sold in the building from the opening on the 1st April until the close (see Appendix G„, p. 110). 27. With the view of exciting interest in the Exhibition, and giving assistance to visitors, it was decided that reports on the various classes of the Exhibition should be prepared by eminent men. These reports were published during the Exhibition in the “ Illustrated London News,” and have since been republished in a collected form in Volumes II., III., IV., and V., of which copies have already been forwarded to your Lordship and the other members of Her Majesty’s Mr. Cole's Report. xvii Commission, and also to members of the Jury, &c. (see Ap¬ pendix F., p. 56). 28. To encourage British arfcizans to visit the Exhibition two special organizations were made; one by the Society of Arts, and another presided over by The Rt. Hon. A. H. Layard, M. P., and Mr. Hodgson Pratt as Vice-President. The Society of Arts arranged to send over to Paris a body of artizans skilled in various handicrafts for the purpose of reporting their observations. In aid of this action the Lord President authorized the payment of a grant of 500?. out of the Paris Vote, for Reports, on condition that the Society raised at least an equivalent sum. A total sum of 1,040?. was obtained, of which 135/. were subscribed by Birmingham, which appears to have been the community taking, collec¬ tively, the greatest interest in the proceeding. A volume of Reports has been published at the price of 2s. 6d. For the subjects reported on, with the names of the reporters, see Appendix P. (p. 167.) The association over which Mr. Layard presided was formed particularly to promote the visits of artizans to Paris. It hired rooms during the Exhibition and promoted subscriptions amongst artizans, and made arrangements for enabling the visits to be made at a low rate of charge. For travelling to and from Paris and a week*s lodging, but without food, a sum of 30«. sufficed. In this case also the Lord President of the Council sanctioned a grant of 250/. to pay for making reports, but only 60/. of this have been claimed, the funds of the association having been absorbed by the expenses of the visits. To promote the comfort of the artizans a large meeting room was provided in the British section, where conveniences were afforded for obtaining information, for correspondence, and assembling. M. Haussoullier had charge of this work, which he discharged with zeal and intelligence. Being well known to French manufacturers, he succeeded in obtaining unusual facilities for the artizans for visiting factories, public works, &c. His report will be found in the Appendix, p. 156. No similar measures were taken at the Paris Exhibition of 1855. 29. The Imperial Commission having decided that the exterior zone or gallery of the Exhibition should be devoted entirely to refreshments, lavatories, &c., assigned to each country the space in this zone bordering on their several allotments, at the same time requesting the several foreign Mr. Cole’s Report. Artizan’s visits. Refresh¬ ments. B xvm Reports on the Paris Exhibition. me. cole’s commissions to find contractors who would he willing to re^oet, undertake to supply the food, beverages, &c. peculiar to their respective countries, to be served by natives and cooked in the manner of each nation. A rental varying in price according to the situation of each country was charged for the space to be occupied, the contractor having to fit up his space entirely at his own cost. On receipt of all the particulars from the Imperial Commission, a notice was prepared and circulated amongst English con¬ tractors, showing the terms on which they could obtain space. Very few answers were received. Eventually the Imperial Commission in some particulars relaxed their rules, particularly those limiting contractors to the supply only of the produce of their respective countries, and an explanatory plan having at the same time been received from the officers of the Imperial Commission, indicating that tables might be placed and refreshments served to visitors in the exterior verandah of the Exhibition, certain of the principal brewers and others were induced to apply for space, viz., Messrs. Bass & Co.* Messrs. Allsop, Messrs. Ind, Coope, & Co., The Burton Brewery Company, Messrs. Trotman <& Co., and Messrs. Kirkland. Unfortunately, in consequence of various subsequent changes and regula¬ tions, claims for damages were made against the Imperial Commission, and in some cases the rent due was withheld. Numerous lawsuits by various Foreign and French con¬ tractors were brought against the Imperial Commission (see Appendix W., p. 226). : Expenses of 30. It was stated by M. Behic, the Minister of Agri- sect£nof h culture, in his report to the Emperor (see Appendix A., tion Exhibi ~ P- 3), that the Exhibition would be larger than that of 1862 ; and although it was at first hoped that the public expenses of the British section would not exceed those of the Paris Exhibition of 1855, Mr. Bruce in a letter dated 12th April 1865, informed the Lords of the Treasury that there was not sufficient informa¬ tion to enable the Committee of Council to say “ that “ the expenditure necessary upon the ensuing Paris Ex- “ hibition may not be heavier than that of the last, as “ they understand that the whole Exhibition will be on u an increased scale, and that the space about to be “ allotted to the British Commission will be greater/’ At this period the only facts known were that the Exhibition would be open for five months only, viz. from the 1st May 1867 to the 30th September, and that the space proposed Mr. Coles Report. xix to be covered would consist of 140,000 metres carrds, being Me. Cole’s 20,000 more than the covered space in the Exhibition of 1862 ('see Appendix A., p. 4). 31. It was not until April 1866, more than twelve months Unexpected after the British Government had accepted the invitation th^British of the French Government to take part in the Exhibition of obli s ations - 1867, that the greatly increased extent of the British obliga¬ tions in respect of the works required could be made known to the Lord President {see Appendix G., p. 98, &c.), and the full extent of the liabilities on the British portion of the Exhibition could not in fact be ascertained until the autumn of 1866, when it appeared that various charges for buildings, fittings, maintenance, &c., not made on foreign nations in former International Exhibitions, would on this occasion be thrown upon Foreign Commissions. In Ihe month of February 1867 the Duke of Buckingham, as Lord President, visited Paris, and after inquiring into the struc¬ tural arrangements necessary, found that an expenditure largely in excess of that of the Exhibition of 1855 would be necessary, unless Her Majesty’s Government were pre¬ pared to withdraw from the invitation which had been accepted. A memorandum was prepared and transmitted to the Treasury, which showed that on the data afforded by the Exhibition of 1862, the cost of the British section of the Exhibition, would be 162,000^., and that estimated by the actual expenditure in 1855, the cost, with the additional unexpected expenses, would be raised from those of 1855 to 136,000£. It was submitted that with great economy, this might be reduced to 128,31 51. Finally the Treasury rejected any allowance for contingencies and sanctioned a vote of only 116,650^. 32. I have to report to your Lordship that after deduct- Total expell¬ ing the value of old fittings, furniture, &c., the expenditure to the 31st March 1869 has not reached the original esti¬ mate of 128,315 1., but only 120,154£. It has been found impossible to ascertain correctly the Comparison sums expended by all the different countries taking part countSe? 11 in the Exhibition, nor would the comparison, in the case of small and distant countries, be of much value. Egypt, with only about one-twentieth of the space occupied by Great Britain, expended no less than 60,000£. on her exhi¬ bition. It will be better, therefore, to state the sums spent by countries whose circumstances are more analogous to our own, such as the following:— B 2 XX Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cole’s Report. Works. Park build¬ ings for war, naval, and agricultural manufac¬ tures. Building for experiments. Expenditure. £ Prussia (not including North Germany) - 30,208 Italy ----- 33,060 Austria ----- 40,000 ^103,268 The space occupied by all these countries together was not equal to that allotted to Great Britain and her Colonies. Judged, therefore, by this standard the British expendi¬ ture must be pronounced to be moderate, for it is notorious that the general scale of charges of all kinds is much lower in those countries than in England. No detailed account has yet been published of the receipts and disbursements of the Imperial Commission. The report of M. Michel Chevalier states that more than 10,000,000 persons visited the Exhibition: the receipts, therefore, from entrances alone would amount to upwards of 400,000£. ; to this must be added the various sums paid to the Imperial Commission on account of the different monopolies sold to contractors for the sale of refreshments, catalogues, advertisements, &c., also twelve million of francs (480,0Q0£.) advanced by the State and city of Paris (see Appendix, p. 5). 33. It seems proper now to specify some of the details which imposed this large expenditure on the British Public. The erection of many buildings supplementary to the main building was placed upon Foreign Countries (see Appendix G.), and the undermentioned buildings were erected in the park altogether at the expense of the British Government. Plans and elevations were prepared for the respective build¬ ings in the park by Captain Festing, RE., as soon as sufficient details of the requirements had been procured, but the com¬ mencement of them was not authorized by the Lord Pre¬ sident until towards the end of 1866. A large shed near the Seine for the exhibition of naval machinery and models, was constructed at the earnest solicitation of the Imperial Commission. The Imperial Commission also required that a tunnel should be made to afford access to that part of the grounds, and that half the cost should be borne by the United Kingdom. Three large sheds were provided for the exhibition of the war materiel exhibited by the British Government and British manufacturers. Also a shed, 610 feet long, for the exhibition of agricultural machinery. Also a building sufficiently safe to enable ex- Mr. Cole's Report. xxi periments to be tried with different kinds of utensils m^cole’s for beating and lighting. Many useful experiments — were made and scientific results obtained by means of this building. Although competitive trials of agricultural implements are common, such trials had not been carried far with other kinds of utensils until this house afforded the opportunity for them. A report on the subject has been prepared by Captain Webber, R.E., who superintended the operations, and it will be found in Volume IV. The construction of the boiler house for accommodating boilers Boiler house, affording steam for 600 horse-power, was undertaken by the British Executive, the Imperial Commission making an allowance towards the working expenses. Capt. Beau¬ mont, R.E., has made a separate report upon the boiler house and its working (see Appendix N., p. 142). A rough Lighthouse, wooden scaffolding of the height of 180 feet was erected for the purpose of exhibiting the electric lighthouse of the Trinity House. As the plan shows, these buildings extended over a space of more than 700 feet long. Their cubical contents amounted to 1,204,000 feet, and they may be said to have cost not quite 2 d. per cubic foot. This is exclusive of the shed for the exhibition of the marine engines and naval models which was erected by the Imperial Commis¬ sion, and for which the British executive stipulated to pay a certain fixed sum. 34. The galleries appropriated to the exhibition of Fine Arts, works of art, ancient and modern, being placed inside the main building, were considered to be particularly insecure in case of fire. The Lord President of the Council, the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, visited Paris, in order to make himself acquainted with the full extent of the risk incurred. With the permission of the Imperial Commission some unnecessary entrances were, to diminish risk, closed altogether, and others contracted in their dimensions. Double iron doors were fixed, and various arrangements made for insuring a supply of water. An iron shield was erected on the walls separating the roof of the Picture Gallery from the roof of the Industrial Building. These arrangements are described in detail in the report oi Lieut.-Col. Ewart, RE. (see Appendix O., p. 152), who acted as General Superintendent of the British section of the building until the 1st July 1867, when on account of his military duties in London he resigned his office to Colonel Younghusband, R.A., who had charge of the ordnance and military objects exhibited by the War Department. XXI1 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Cole’s Report. Tire securi¬ ties. Necessity of a numerous staff. British ex¬ penses, of a kind not in¬ curred by other na¬ tions. Cost of visits of artizans. The cost of providing these additional securities against fire in the Fine Art and History of Labour Galleries (an expense -which was absolutely necessary before the insurance offices would consent to insure the works of art, &c. for¬ warded for exhibition), together with the buildings before named, entailed an extra charge on the British Commis¬ sion, entirely unforeseen when the estimates for the Exhibi¬ tion were prepared. The overflowing also of the Seine entailed a great additional cost on the British Commission, the river was so high that the steamers, in which the heavy machinery was shipped were unable to pass through the bridges, the cargoes had in consequence to be transhipped and forwarded by rail to Paris. The artizans, engineers, and others who were specially sent out from England to set up the machinery were necessarily kept idle for several weeks, receiving special pay and allowances. In comparing, however, the total cost to England with the sums expended by other countries, it will appear, as has been already stated, that, taking into consideration the space occupied by each country, the expenditure in¬ curred by Great Britain compares favourably with other outlays. 35. The great extent of the Exhibition and the liabilities of management thrown upon foreign exhibitors rendered the appointment of a numerous staff necessary. It was, how¬ ever, at all times kept to a minimum and reduced at times according to the nature of the work. 36. In the sum expended by this country are included several extraordinary expenses which were not undertaken by other nations, but which it was thought desirable to provide for, such as :—* Assisting British artizans to visit the Exhibition, and providing facilities for them when in Paris in the way of guides, interpreters, a meeting room, &c. The reports already alluded to in par. 27. I consider too that could the whole of the constructional arrangements imposed upon the British Executive have been clearly foreseen at the beginning, it would have been a cheaper and better arrangement to have erected a separate building for the whole of the British exhibitors in the Park. The works of art would have been in greater security and seen to much greater advantage; the arrangements for working the machinery would have been simpler and more Mr. Coles Report. xxni convenient; tlie examination and arrangement of the objects would both have been easier, and the cost of the watching and police economized. 37. The nomination of the jurors and associate jurors for the United Kingdom was made by Her Majesty's Commissioners, and a body was formed of 146 persons highly distinguished as possessing special qualifications for the several offices for which they were chosen. The work of the juries commenced a few days after the opening of the Exhibition on the 1st April, and was terminated before the end of June, with the exception of the classes for Horticulture and Agricultural Implements, which continued to a late period of the Exhibition. This period was inconvenient to members of both Houses of the British Legislature. It prevented the acceptance of the office by several, and the attendance of some others who had accepted. The Imperial Commission, however, con¬ sented to accept substitutes (see Appendix G., p. 120). But as this concession did not form part of the original regula¬ tions difficulties occurred sometimes with the juries of classes, who declined to accept an associate instead of the juror himself. The juries were divided into classes as in former Exhibitions ; where the jury for each class has generally consisted half of foreigners and half of the natives of the country holding the exhibition. 38. Notwithstanding the great increase in the number of classes as compared with any former Exhibition, the sub¬ division was not carried far enough to enable sound judg¬ ments based on technical considerations to be obtained in every class. 39. It appeared to me that although the extent of the work was at least four times as great as in any preceding Exhi¬ bition, the increased subdivision enabled the work to be done much more rigorously and punctually to the dates appointed previously by the Imperial Commission. Greater subdivision would have rendered it still all the easier. To prevent oversights as far as possible, delegates of classes were appointed by the British Executive. But circum¬ stances occasionally baffled their exertions. Thus, in Class 5, for engraving and lithography, the United Kingdom had two jurors and one delegate, but their united and per¬ severing efforts, extending over five weeks, never succeeded in securing even one attendance of the jury to examine the Mr. Cole’s Report. Juries. Subdivision of classes. Subdivision not carried far enough. XXIV Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Me. Cole’s British engravings, which were therefore wholly passed Repost. over ^ p[ ie re g re t of Count Nieuwerkerke, the President of the Fine Arts Juries who admitted that the work of our eminent line engraver, Mr. John Henry Robinson, R.A., was at least equal to any exhibited. The greed extent of the Exhibition was the cause of many over¬ sights. The arrangement of the objects, although specious and attractive to the general visitor, rendered the work laborious and uncertain to the jurors. In all preceding Exhibitions, there was a tolerable certainty that objects of the same class would be found in one spot; not so in this Exhibition. In many cases the section of the zone, where objects of the same group were supposed to be collected, did not afford sufficient space for them. This was generally the case with the small countries. Once out of the proper zone, the object might be placed in any of the others, or outside of the main building altogether. Owing to this difficulty, any one who desired to examine in detail the whole of one class of objects, as soon as he had left the ap¬ pointed zone, had no clue whatever by which to find them, but was compelled to wander over the whole of the 100 acres of the Exhibition. Speaking from my own per¬ sonal experience, I made, during the whole of a long stay in Paris, constant efforts to see all the specimens of the terra cotta exhibited, but I feel no certainty that I succeeded in doing so. Specimens were to be found in every quarter of the park, as well as in unexpected situations inside the main building. Jury system. 40. In my report upon the Paris Exhibition of 1855 I submitted the convictions which were forced upon me on that occasion. Those convictions have been strengthened by the working of the Exhibition of 1867. They are also shared fully by other foreign commissioners, as well as myself, and we have thought it our duty to record them (see Appendix V., p. 196). I pointed out in 1855 that the institution of a jury in such Exhibitions was based upon the assumption that the public is unable to discover merit and to judge rightly for itself, but wants the assistance of an authority, and I asked, Is this assumption, in the present state of public intelligence, founded on facts ? Do the judgments of these juries, in fact, anything more than affirm the judgments already passed by the public ? A glance at the names of those who have received the grandes medailles d'honneur will show that they do not. Among the 138 recipients (in 1855) was there one whose merit was revealed to the public by the Mr. Coles Report. xxv decisions of a jury ? I venture to think notone. The jury judgment merely follows and confirms public opinion, but inasmuch as many serious omissions are made, it is often absolutely in arrear of public opinion, and even unjust. Again, I said authoritative judges in investigating dis¬ coveries and experiments in which the world has little or no experience to guide it may be, and often are, useful. But the principle of juries in Industrial Exhibitions hitherto has not been thus limited. On the contrary, juries in Universal Exhibitions are called upon to investigate the most trifling of details, and to pronounce a judgment on the make of a lady’s corset, as well as to determine the merits of a discovery in electro-magnetism ; while the fact is that every one assumes the right, and exercises it, of judging himself what articles he shall purchase for his subsistence or enjoyment. But should it be granted that the principle of juries in an Exhibition is expe¬ dient, the experience of their working is conclusive that they are impracticable means for arriving at impartial, comprehensive, and correct judgments. The theory of the judgments, given in an Universal Exhibition is that all countries are treated alike and the best works are elimi¬ nated for reward without respect to country, but the steps taken do not insure this result. On the contrary, the esti¬ mation of the goods of each country is ultimately deter¬ mined very much in proportion to the number of its jurors. Another defect in the system of juries is the incompetency of the tribunal to deal satisfactorily with all the numerous technical subdivisions necessarily grouped under one heading. Not 30 juries, but at least 100 are wanted. It must be admitted that the judgment should be based upon technical knowledge, or it is of little worth. It would be difficult to name many classes in which the variety of technical knowledge possessed by their juries was adequate to pass judgment upon all the technical subdivisions of the class. Besides the very national varieties—each one peculiar to its own country—which exist in every subdivision of every class render it impossible to fix any standard of excellence. Next is the impossibility of avoiding oversights in the enormous mass of objects which an international exhibition brings together. This difficulty was greatly augmented in the Paris Exhibition of 1867, which grew out of all man¬ ageable or useful dimensions, and may be considered, I think, as probably the last of the large gatherings. Finally, as 1 have pointed out, it was sometimes impossible to get the juries into action. Me. Cole’s Repost. XXVI Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cole’s Report. New order of reward. Early publi¬ cation of reports. Legal pro¬ ceedings. 41. The attempt to award money prizes in the “ new order of reward ” must be viewed as a failure. After collecting information as a token of goodwill (see Volume VI.), the United Kingdom withdrew from all action in the special jury appointed for this purpose. The gift of medals or money to manufacturers who promoted the welfare of their people, however well meant, was not acceptable at all to those who had the best claim to receive it. They stood aloof as claimants, whilst noisy pushing persons, in a spirit of self-glorification, pressed their claims. 42. The suggestion that reports should be written and published during the Exhibition was shown to be prac¬ ticable in this Exhibition. Instead of waiting till the close of the Exhibition, the majority of the British re¬ ports were currently published in the “ Illustrated London News,” as already stated, whereby greater interest was excited in the various subjects than if they had been printed separately. At any future Exhibition I venture to submit that it will be expedient to adopt the following course : Having found the reporters, who should, as far as possible, be selected for their known technical know¬ ledge, the reports should at once be put into type, and published by authority, leaving the errors incident to a work of this kind to be corrected in future editions. Each subject should be sold separately, and thus hand-books or guides to the Exhibition would be obtained which could be used during the Exhibition. 43. It is impossible to pass over without notice the legal proceedings in which for the first time Foreign Commissions were involved. The Imperial Commission in several instances sold monopolies, which from being imperfectly de¬ fined trenched upon the rights which had in all previous exhibitions been accorded to Foreign Commissions. Conse¬ quently during the whole course of the Exhibition the Imperial Commission were subjected to legal proceedings, and a special committee was appointed to superintend them. The Foreign Commissions had in no way made themselves parties to the various disputes which arose between the Imperial Commission and its contractors, but became indi¬ rectly involved in them. Thus the United Kingdom had actions hanging over her throughout the Exhibition. In respect of her catalogue, of the right of putting blinds in the Machinery Gallery, and even of hanging scaffolding for the arrangement of objects, of the rights involved in Mr. Coles Report. xxvii seats, of the uses of the space allotted in the Refreshment Gallery, &c. Actions in these matters were commenced in the French Courts, not, indeed, by the Imperial Commission, but by its contractors, who were its agents, and it was neces¬ sary on our part to call in the assistance of an avocat. At all times I had access to Earl Cowley as the British Am¬ bassador, and acted by his advice. On behalf of the United Kingdom it was pleaded that any question or dispute must be held to be between the Government of the United King¬ dom and that of France, and that they could not be decided by the ordinary French tribunals. The invitation to ex¬ hibit in Paris was sent by one Government and accepted by another. On Lord Cowley’s recommendation M. Treitt was employed as the avocat, and his report in detail will be found in the Appendix (see Appendix W., p. 198). 44. It was originally announced that the Exhibition should last five months, namely, from 1st May to 30th September. The time was, however, extended to seven months, commencing on 1st April 1867 and ending 4th November 1867. 45. The British staff, both civil and military, spared no exertions during the whole Exhibition to perform their respective duties and to meet the great strain which the cir¬ cumstances placed upon them, especially at the opening and at the closing. At these periods the duties began with day¬ light and continued as long as it lasted. The employment of the artillery, the royal engineers, and seamen, and of metropolitan policemen, proved the great usefulness of men properly disciplined. 46. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, President of the Royal Commission, twice visited the Exhibition. His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh also visited it. 47. Improvements in the organization of future Exhi¬ bitions were frequently discussed among the foreign com¬ missioners, and their conclusions are embodied in a memo¬ randum (see Appendix V., p. 196). It is with reference only to such future improvements that I have thought it right to point out defects in the arrangements of the last French Exhibition. The Exhibition undoubtedly, however, afforded more points on which the French nation may congratulate itself, than those on which it has cause to feel regret, and I venture to express to your Lordship my opinion that the Me. Cole’s Repoet. ; Improved Interna¬ tional Exhi¬ bitions. Mr. Cole’s Report. Better education. Conclusion. xxviii Reports on the Paris Exhibition. United Kingdom has obtained a full return for the cost and labour bestowed upon it. We have acquired a knowledge of the position of our arts and industry as compared w T ith those of other countries, and we have assisted in promoting those new friendly relations which are always created be¬ tween nations and between individuals by such Exhi¬ bitions. The Exhibition may also, perhaps, help to show the advantages of good technical knowledge, and may lead to the introduction of the systematic education which other nations have provided for themselves, and the results of which were so clearly seen in 1867. 48. At the termination of the work the Imperial Com¬ mission made a very liberal distribution of gold, silver, and bronze medals to the members of the Royal Commission, to the different officers of the foreign commissions, from the highest to the lowest, in recognition of the services rendered. And to the Jurors and Associate Jurors representing their respective countries, complete sets of the medals accompanied by diplomas were presented. I have, &c. (Signed) Henry Cole. The Earl de Grey and Ripon, Lord President of the Council. APPENDICES APPENDIX (A.) PARIS EXHIBITION. Announcement of the Exhibition. Right Hon. E. Hammond to the Clerk of the Council. Sir, Foreign Office, 23rd February 1865. I am directed by Earl Russell to enclose, for the information of the Lords of Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, extracts from the “ Moniteur” containing two reports addressed to His Majesty the Emperor, by Monsieur Behic and Marshal Vaillant, regarding the Exhibition which is to take place in 1867 : an Imperial Decree, placing the Exhibition under the direction of a Commission and naming the members of it, and also an Imperial Decree, fixing the 1st of May 1867 for opening the Exhibition. I am, &c. The Clerk of the Council, (Signed) E. Hammond. &c. &c. (Sub-Enclosures.) Napoleon, Par la grace de Dieu et la volonte nationale, Empereur des Fran^ais, A tous presents et a venir, salut : Sur la proposition de notre Ministre de l’Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaux Publics : Vu notre decret en date du 22 Juin 1863, portant qu’il sera ouvert a Paris, le l er Mai 1867, une Exposition Universelle des Produits Agricoles et In- dustriels : Va notre decret en date de ce jour, portant qu’une Exposition Universelle des Beaux-Arts s’ouvrira a Paris le l er Mai 1867 en meme temps que 1’Exposi- tion Agricole et Industrielle. Avons decrete et decretons ce qui suit: Art. l er . L’Exposition Universelle des Produits de l’Agriculture, de l’ln- dustrie, et des Beaux-Arts est placee sous la direction et la surveillance d’une Commission qui sera presidee par notre bien-aime cousin le Prince Napoleon. Art. 2. Sont nommes, membres de cette Commission : S. Exc. le Ministre d’Etat. S. Ex. le Ministre de l’Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaux Publics. S. Exc. le Ministre de notre Maison et des Beaux-Arts. MM. Barbier, Conseiller d’Etat, Directeur General des Douanes et des Contribu¬ tions Indirectes. S. Exc. M. Baroche, Garde des Sceaux, Ministre de la Justice et des Cultes. Elie de Beaumont, Senateur, Membre de 1’Institut. Boittelle, Prefet de Police. Enclosing extracts announcing Exhibition! Date of opening. To be directed by a Commis¬ sion under presidency of Prince Napoleon. Names of Commis¬ sioners. Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Michel Chevalier, Senateur, Memhre de l’lnstitut. B. Cobden, Membre de la Chambre des Communes en Angleterre. Lord Cowley, Ambassadeur de Sa Majeste Britannique a Paris. Dentine, Ancien President du Tribunal de Commerce, Secretaire de la Chambre de Commerce, Membre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Demon du Pin, Administrateur des Messageries Imperiales. Devinck, Ancien Depute, Ancien President du Tribunal de Commerce, Membre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Jean Dolfus, Manufacturier. Arles Dufour, Membre de la Chambre de Commerce, Lyon. Dumas, Senateur, President du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Dupuy de Lome, Conseiller d’Etat, Directeur des Constructions Na vales. Pave, Colonel d’Artillerie, Aide-de-Camp de l’Empereur. Le General Eleury, Aide-de-Camp de l’Empereur, Directeur General des Haras. S. Exc. M. Fould, Ministre des Finances. Fremy, Gouverneur du Credit Foncier. Gamier, Negotiant en Metaux, Membre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Gervais de Caen, Directeur de 1’Ecole de Commerce. Gonin, Membre de la Chambre de Commerce, Constructeur de Machines, Membre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Lord Granville, President du Conseil de la Beine d’Angleterre. Baron Haussmann, Senateur, Prefet de la Seine. Herbet, Conseiller d’Etat, Directeur des Consulats et Affaires Com- merciales. Ingres, Membre de l’lnstitut. La Bonciere le Noury, Contre-Amiral, Directeur au Ministere de la Marine Marquis de Lavalette, Senateur. Lebandy, Baffineur, Memhre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Lefuel, Membre de l’lnstitut. Le Play, Conseiller d’Etat. S. Exc. le Due de Momy, President du Corps Legislatif. S. Exc. M. Magne, Membre du Conseil Prive. Ouffoy, Ancien Manufacturier, Membre du Conseil Municipal de Paris. Ozenne, Conseiller d’Etat, Directeur du Commerce Exterieur. Le President de la Chambre de Commerce de Paris. Le President du Tribunal de Commerce de Paris. Schneider, Vice president du Corps Legislatif. Thouvenel, Senateur. La Commission sera ulterieurement portee au nombre de 60 membres en outre de son President, du Ministre d’Etat, du Ministre de 1’Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaux Publics, et du Ministre de notre Maison et des Beaux-Arts. Art. 3.—En cas d’absence de S. A. I. M^ r le Prince Napoleon, la Com¬ mission sera presidee par le Ministre d’Etat ou par l’un des deux Ministres de l’Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaux Publics, et de notre Maison et des Beaux-Arts. Art. 4.—M. Le Play est nomme Commissaire General. Art. 5.—M. de Chancourtois, Ingenieur en Chef des Mines, est nomme Secretaire. Art. 6.—Notre Ministre d’Etat, notre Ministre de l’Agriculture, du Com¬ merce, et des Travaux Publics, et le Ministre de notre Maison et des Beaux - Arts sont charges, chacun en ce qui le concerne, de 1’execution du present decret. Fait an Palais des Tuileries, le l er fevrier 1865. Napoleon. Par 1’Empereur; Le Ministre de 1’Agriculture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics. Aiimand Behic. 3 Appendix (a!.) to Mr. Colds Report. Rapport a l’Empereur. Sire, Yotre Majeste ayant ordonne qu’une Exposition Universelle serait ouverte a Paris en 1867, un decret en date du 23 Juin 1863, rendu sur la pro¬ position du Ministre de 1’Agriculture, du Commerce et des Travaux Publics, a fixe au l er Mai 1867, l’Exposition des Produits Agricoles et Industriels. II est conforme aux intentions de l’Empereur que les Beaux-Arts, qui se trouvent dans le concours de tous les artistes du monde un des moyens les plus efficaces d’emulation et de progres, prennent part a cette grande solennite internationale. En consequence, j’ai l’honneur de soumettre a P approbation de yotre Majeste un projet de decret qui dispose qu’une Exposition Universelle des oeuvres d’art aura lieu en meme temps que l’Exposition Agricole et Industrielle. Je suis avec respect, Sire, de votre Majeste, Le tres-humble, tres-obeissant serviteur, et fidele sujet, Yaillant. Paris, le l cr fevrier 1865. Napoleon, Par la grace de Dieu et la volonte nationale, Empereur des Fran^ais, A tous presents et a venir, salut: Yule decret du 22 Juin 1863, relatif a l’Exposition Universelle des Produits Agricoles et Industriels : Sur le rapport du Ministre de notre Maison et des Beaux-Arts, Avons decrete et decretons ce qui suit: Art l er .—Une Exposition Universelle des Beaux-Arts s’ouvrira a Paris, en meme temps que l’Exposition Agricole et Industrielle, le l er Mai 1867, et elle sera close le 30 Septembre suivant. Art. 2.—Un decret ulterieur determinera les conditions dans lesquelles se fera cette Exposition. Art. 3.—Le Ministre de notre Maison et des Beaux-Arts est charge de P execution du present decret. Fait au Palais des Tuileries, le l cr fevrier 1865. Napoleon. Par PEmpereur; Le Marechal de France, Ministre de la Maison de l’Empereur et des Beaux-Arts. Yaillant. Rapport a l’Empereur. Sire, Conformement aux ordres de votre Majeste, j’ai eu l’honneur de prevenir S. A. I. M« r le Prince Napoleon que le moment etait venu de prendre la presidence d’une Commission qui sera chargee de mettre a execution le decret du 22 Juin 1863, instituant pour 1867 une Exposition universelle. J’ai prie Son altesse Imperiale de vouloir bien me communiquer les vues generates que pouvait lui suggerer l’experience acquise en 1855 et en 1862, puis de faire discuter par une reunion d’hommes competents les premieres questions qu’une telle enterprise souleve. Je viens soumettre a votre Majeste les conclu¬ sions qui se deduisent de ces etudes preparatoires. Le point de depart devant se trouver dans une bonne organisation financiere, je me suis reporte, aux resultats constates a cet egard, pour les deux Expo¬ sitions de Londres et pour celle de Paris. A Londres, en 1851, comme en 1862, l’initiative est venue d’une compagnie qui a constitue un capital de garantie a l’aide duquel on a obtenu de la Banque d’Angleterre, a un taux modique d’interet, tous les fonds necessaires. La compagnie de 1851 a fait une construction temporaire offrant une surface couverte de planches (rez-de-chaussee et premier etage), de 71,000 metres carres. Elle a obtenu une recette de 12,700,000 francs et realise une benefice de 5,300,000 francs. La compagnie de 1862 a fait une construction de 120,000 metres carres, dont une partie devait etre permanente. La recette qu’elle a obtenue, com- Proposal that an Universal Exhibition of Fine Arts be held con¬ tempora¬ neously. Decree announcing- Fine Art Exhibition. Conclusions arrived at. In 1851 and 1862 guaran¬ teed associa¬ tions ap¬ pointed. Financial results of 1851 and 1862. 4 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Financial result of 1855 Exhi¬ bition. Results likely to be arrived at in Paris in 1867. Financial success of 1851 Exhi¬ bition likely to be excep¬ tional. Subventions for refresh¬ ments, cata¬ logues, &c. not de¬ sirable in 1867. Desirable that rewards to exhibi¬ tors should be of intrin¬ sic value. pletee par une allocation de 250,000 francs fournie par l’entrepreneur, a strictement suffi a couvrir une depense totale de 1,500,000 francs. A Paris, en 1855, l’Etat, en se chargeant de l’entreprise, a du faire 68,000 metres carres de constructions temporaires pour completer les 47,000 metres carres du palais permanent bati par une eompagnie. II a obtenu une recette de 3,200,000 francs et subi une perte de 8,100,000 francs. IL a du ulterieure- ment consacrer au rachat du palais une somme de 11 millions de francs. La depense totale, montant a 21 millions de francs, est couverte en partie par la possession du Palais de 1’Industrie. En presence de ces faits, je me suis d’abord demande s’il y a lieu d’adopter pour la future exposition, le regime des compagnies qui a deja permis, en Angleterre, de faire deux expositions avec profit ou sans perte: mais j’ai bientot amene, par les motifs enonces ci-apres a conclure negativement. En Angleterre, le public paye volontiers des prix eleves pour se procurer des moyens destruction ou pour visiter des etablissements consacres a l’art et a la science. Ainsi h Londres, en 1862, on a obtenu de six millions de visiteurs, une recette de 10,200,000 francs, produits a peu pres egalement, d’un cote par le tarif minimum de entree de 1 franc 25, de l’autre par des abonnements et des tarifs d’entree variant de 3 francs 10, a 25 francs. En France jusqu’a ces derniers temps, le public etait peu enclin a supporter ce genre de charges. Ainsi a Paris, en 1855, quatre millions six cent mille visiteurs ont seulement paye 3,200,000 francs : les entrees a 20 centimes et a 1 franc ont produit 2,600,000 francs; tandis que les abonnements et les entrees a 2 francs et a 5 francs n’ont donne que 600,000 francs. Assurement, on peut attendre de meilleurs resultats en 1867 ; la paix sera plus feconde que la guerre qui regnait en 1855 ; on ne retombera pas dans les erreurs d’un tarif defecteux ; enfin, on pourra mieux compter sur la faveur du public, si une administration habile inaugure ponctuellement au jour convenu le palais de l’Exposition; si elle resout le probleme d’y classer dans un ordre utile et attrayant tous les produits de l’art et de l’industrie; si surtout elle y represente le travail de toutes les contrees du globe plus completement qu’on ne l’a fait aux solennites prece- dentes. Cependant, ii semble prudent de prevoir que, meme dans ces condi¬ tions, on n’arrivera pas a Paris, en 1867, aux recettes realisees a Londres en 1851 et en 1862. Le succes financier de 1851 a ete obtenu dans des circonstances qui, evi- demment, ne se reproduiront plus. On a pu alors satisfaire, avec une con¬ struction de 71,000 metres carres, aux demandes des exposants, tandis qu’en 1862, une surface de 120,000 metres carres a ete insuffisante, au point que les exposants frangais ont a peine regu la moitie de l’espace qui leur etait neces- saire. Les exigences des exposants de toutes les nations ont done augmente en meme temps que la curiosite du public restait stationnaire. Ces deux ten¬ dances donnent lieu de prevoir un deficit considerable dans toutes les futures expositions ; et il semble que le moyen de l’attenuer, en 1867, consistera sur¬ tout a developper les branches d’Exposition qui augmenteront la recette dans une proportion plus forte que la depense. Pour atteindre ce but, il y aura lieu vraisemblablement de porter la surface couverte a 1‘10,000 metres carres. A Londres la recette principale produit par les entrees a ete completee par divers prelevements faits au profit de la eompagnie sur les entrepreneurs des restaurants, des catalogues, et de sept autres services de moindre importance. En 1862, par exemple, ces recettes accessoires se sont elevees a un million. Je ne pense pas qu’en 1867, plus qu’en 1855, il convienne de recourir a ces moyens financiers ; ceux-ci ne rentrent guere dans nos traditions. En organi- sant des monopoles, ils creent de mauvais services ; ils mecontentent par con¬ sequent le public et nuisent a la principale recette. Ces sortes d’impdts pesent d’ailleurs en partie sur les exposants ou sur leurs representants habituels; et il semble peu judicieux de grever ainsi beaucoup de personnes qu’il importe d’attirer a ces grands concours, et qui s’imposent, souvent par un pur sentiment de patriotisme, les charges considerables qui en resultent. A Londres, aux deux expositions precedentes, on n’a decerne aux exposants que des recompenses sans valeur intrinseque. En France, depuis i’origine des expositions on a toujours joint aux medailles de bronze, des medailles d'or et d’argent. Je pense qu’il y a lieu de perseverer dans cette coutume ; j’apergois Appendix (-4.) to Mr. Colds Report. 5 meme qu’il convient d’augmenter la somme consacree aux recompenses don- n-ees sous d’autres formes. En me fondant sur ces considerations, je prevois que l’Exposition de 1867, pourra exiger une depense de 18 millions. J’ajoute que les eventualites de- favourables qui peuvent survenir dans ces sortes d’entreprises ne semblent pas pouvoir porter cette depense au dela de 20 millions. Quant aux recettes, elles s’eleveront vraisemblablement de sept & neuf millions. J’en conclus que 1’entreprise pourra donner un deficit de 12 millions. Ces evolutions ne sauraient varier sensiblement selon qu’on les applique a une entreprise toute privee ou & une exposition faite avec l’attache et sous la haute direction du Gouvemement. Aucune compagnie, n’ayant d’autre mobile que la speculation, ne se propo- serait done pour entreprendre l’Exposition Universelle de 1867, a moins d’etre garantie contre des pertes inevitables, par une subvention directe ou indirecte au moins egale au deficit prevu. Ainsi au point de vue financier, l’Etat n’aurait rien & gagner a se dessaisir de toute influence dans Ja prepaiation et dans la conduite de l’operation. Peut-etre, pourrait-on dire, que ie caractere d’interet public qui motive la participation du Tresor public aux depenses que cette operation entraine, ne permet pas au Gouvernement de s’en desinteresser; et d’ailleurs, il est permis de douter que cet abandon profitat a l’eclat, a l'utilite et au succes de l’Exposition. D’un autre cote, il n’y a rien d’exagere a admettre qu’en suivant le systeme d’administration adopte par la Erance, en 1862, e’est-a-dire en maintenant fer- mement l’unite d’action et l’energie des controles, on pourra, cette fois encore, realiser de notables ameliorations sur les previsions du budget. L’utilite des expositions a ete clairement demontree par les considerations developees dans le rapport que mon predecesseur a eu l’honneur de soumettre a i’Empereur a l’appui du decret du 22 Juin 1863. En me referant a ces con¬ siderations, je trouve que l’Etat et la Yille de Paris ont un interet suflisant a la realisation de la pensee de votre Majeste pour justifier leur participation a la depense au moyen d’une subvention. Cette subvention, limitee a 12 millions de francs, serait repartie par por¬ tions egales entre le Tresor et la ville, qui au moyen de cette allocation, seraient degages de toute responsabilite si l’entreprise venait a entrainer des mecomptes. M. le Prefet de la Seine, que j’ai consulte sur ce point, n’hesite pas a penser que le Conseil Municipal de Paris, qu’on trouve toujours dispose aux choses utiles et genereuses, ne declinerait pas cette participation. Quant au surplus des frais, evalues a six ou huit millions, ils seraient couverts par les recettes provenant des droits d’entree, et en cas d’insutfisance, par la garantie d’une societe qui serait formee a cet effet sous les auspices de la Com¬ mission imperiale. Dans le cas ou le montant des recettes realisees, compare avec le surplus des depenses faites au dela des 12,000,000 de subvention accordee par l’Etat et par a Ville, laisserait une plus-value, ce benefice, du a la faveur du public et a la bonne administration de l’affaire, serait attribue par parts egales a l’Etat, a la Ville de Paris, et a la societe de garantie. Par ce procede, Sire, l’industrie et le commerce, qui sont appeles a contribuer a l’eclat de cette solennite et a en recueillir les avantages, se trouveraient en meme temps meles et interesses, dans la seule mesure que comportent encore les habitudes de notre pays, a son organization, et aux chances heureuses ou adverses qu’elle peut offrir au point de vue financier. Ce serait a la fois un premier pas fait dans la voie de l’initiative parcourue par nos voisins avec tant de fermete et de succes, et un hommage rendu a Pesprit dissociation. La consequence naturelle de cette organization serait de donner a la societe de garantie, dans la gestion et la surveillance de l’operation, une part propor- tionnee a son interet. La Commission imperiale pourrait done se composer, en outre de son President et des ministres que leurs attributions appellent a y sieger, de 41 personnes choisies par l’Empereur parmi les notabilites competentes de l’Etat 1. C Estimated cost of Exhibition of 1867 18.’ millions of francs. City of Paris should con¬ tribute to expenses. State should also contri¬ bute. Guarantee society should be formed. Profits should be divided. Composition of Imperial Commission. The names of three Englishmen should be included. Names of British Royal Com¬ missioners. 6 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. et de la Ville de Paris, et de 19 personnes qui seraient ulterieurement designees par la societe de garantie, par la voie de 1’election et suivant le mode qui aura ete reconnu le plus practicable. Onaugmentera les chances de succes des futures expositions, en adjoignant chaque fois au pouvoir dirigeant, des personnes possedant la tradition des expositions faites anterieurement en d’autres pays. L’Angleterre etant la seule nation etrangere qui, j usqu’a present ait aborde ces sortes d’entre- prises, je propose a votre Majeste de comprendre trois Anglais dans le personnel de la Commission imperiale. Si votre Majeste approuve les conclusions de ce rapport, je la prie de vouloir bien signer le decret ci-annexe. Je suis, avec le plus profond respect, Sire, De Yotre Majeste Le tres-humble, tres-obeissant serviteur et fidele sujet, Le Ministre de 1’Agriculture, du Commerce, et des Travaux Publics. Armand Behic. APPENDIX (B.) Appointment of British Commissioners by Her Majesty. [Extract from the London Gazette of May 2, 1865.] PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF 1867. Science and Art Department , South Kensington , VICTORIA R. April 29, 1865. Victoria, by the grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Queen, Defender of the Faith. To Our most dear son Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter ; Our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin and councillor, Granville George, Earl Granville, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter, President of Our most honourable Privy Council; Our right trusty and right entirely-beloved cousin George Granville William, Duke of Suther¬ land, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter ; Our right trusty and entirely-beloved cousin Henry, Marquess of Lansdowne, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter ; Our right trusty and entirely-beloved cousin and councillor, James Brownlow William, Marquess of Salisbury, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter; Our right trusty and entirely-beloved cousin Richard, Marquess of Hertford, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter; Our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin and councillor, Edward Geoffrey, Earl of Derby, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter; Our right trusty and right well-beloved cousin William, Earl of Rosse, Knight of Our most illustrious Order of Saint Patrick; Our right trusty and right well-beloved cousins and councillors, Henry Richard Charles, Earl Cowley, Knight Grand Cross of Our most honourable Order of the Bath ; John, Earl Russell, Knight of Our most noble Order of the Garter; Our right trusty and well-beloved councillor Edward Henry Stanley (commonly called Lord Stan¬ ley) ; Our trusty and well-beloved Francis Charteris (commonly called Lord Elcho) ; Our right trusty and well-beloved Edward Berkeley, Lord Portman, and Samuel Jones, Lord Overstone ; Our right trusty and well-beloved councillor Henry, Lord Taunton ; Our right trusty and well-beloved Richard Monckton, Lord Houghton ; Our right trusty and well-beloved councillors, Edward Cardwell, Our Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, or Our Appendix ( B .) to Mr.JJoles Report. 7 Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies for the time being ; Sir Charles Wood, Baronet, Knight Grand Cross of Our most honourable Order of the Bath, Our Principal Secretary of State for India in Council, or Our Principal Secretary of State for India in Council for the time being ; William Francis Cowper, Chief Commissioner of Works, or the Chief Commissioner of Works for the time being; William Ewart Gladstone, Chancellor of Our Exchequer, or the Chancellor of Our Exchequer for the time being; Sir George Clerk, Baronet ; Robert Lowe ; Charles Bowyer Adderley ; Henry Austin Bruce ; Our trusty and well-beloved Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, Baronet, Com¬ panion of Our most honourable Order of the Bath; Sir Edward Clarence Kerrison, Baronet, President of the Royal Agricultural Society, or the Presi¬ dent of the Royal Agricultural Society for the time being; Sir Alexander Young Spearman, Baronet; Sir Samuel Morton Peto, Baronet; Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Baronet; Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Knight Com¬ mander of Our most honourable Order of the Bath; Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, Knight, President of the Royal Academy, or the President of the Royal Academy for the time being ; Sir Francis Richard Sandford, Knight; Lyon Playfair, Esquire, Companion of Our most honourable Order of the Bath; Edgar Alfred Bowring, Esquire, Companion of Our most honourable Order of the Bath; Warren Stormes Hale, Lord Mayor of Our city of London, or the Lord Mayor of Our city of London for the time being ; Charles Lawson, Lord Provost of Our city of Edinburgh, or the Lord Provost of Our city of Edinburgh for the time being ; John Barrington, Lord Mayor of Our city of Dublin, or the Lord Mayor of Our city of Dublin for the time being; Edward Akroyd, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Halifax, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Halifax for the time being; Henry Ashworth, Esquire, late President of the Chamber of Commerce of Manchester; Charles Atkinson, Esquire, the Master Cutler of Sheffield, or the Master Cutler of Sheffield for the time being; Thomas Baring, Esquire; Thomas Bazley, Esquire; Somerset Archibald Beaumont, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Newcastle-on-Tyne, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Newcastle-on-Tyne for the time being; George Thomas Clark, Esquire ; Thomas Pearson Crossland, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Huddersfield, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Huddersfield for the time beiug; Thomas Leverton Donaldson, Esquire, President of the Royal Institute of British Architects, or the President of the Royal Institute of British Architects for the time being ; Thomas Fairbairn, Esquire ; Charles Forster, Esquire ; William Henry Gregory, Esquire ; Thomas Field Gibson, Esquire; William John Hamilton, Esquire, President of the Geological Society, or the President of the Geological Society for the time being; Lewis Heymann, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Nottingham, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Nottingham for the time being ; Michael Daintree Hollins, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of the Potteries (Stoke-upon-Trent), or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of the Potteries for the time being ; Charles Hoskins Low, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol for the time being; Darnton Lupton, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Leeds, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Leeds for the time being ; John Robinson M‘Clean, Esquire, President of the Institute of Civil Engineers, or the President of the Institute of Civil Engineers for the time being ; James Macauley, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast for the time being ; John M‘Ewen, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Glasgow, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Glasgow for the time being; John Francis Maguire, Esquire ; John Moreton, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Wolverhampton, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Com¬ merce of Wolverhampton for the time being; Philip Henry Rathbone, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool for the time being ; Richard Redgrave, Esquire, Royal Academician, Surveyor of Our Pictures ; Henry William Ripley, Esquire, Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bradford, or the c 2 Names of British Royal Com- 8 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. funds to be ad¬ ministered through the Department of Science and Art. Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bradford for the time being ; Richard Russell, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Limerick, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Limerick for the time being; Edward Sabine, Esquire, Major-General in Our Army, President of the Royal Society, or the President of the Royal Society for the time being; William Scholefield, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Birmingham, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Birmingham for the time being ; John Sharp, Esquire, President of the Chamber of Commerce of Dundee, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Dundee for the time being ; Frederick Tayler, Esquire, President of the Society of Painters in Water Colours, or the President of the Society of Painters in Water Colours for the time being; Henry Thring, Esquire ; and Henry Hussey Vivian, Esquire; Greeting: Whereas it has been notified to Us through Our Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs that His Imperial Majesty the Emperor of the French has decreed that an Universal Exhibition of Works of Industry and Agriculture, as well as of the Fine Arts, shall he held at Paris, in the year one thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven : And whereas it is Our wish that such Exhibition shall afford full and suitable representations of the Industry and of the Fine Arts in Our United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Our Colonies and Dependencies in Europe, Asia, Africa, America, and Australasia, and that Our subjects shall take part in such Exhibition : And whereas We have directed estimates to he submitted to Our Commons House of Parliament for the purpose of affording the necessary assistance to he administered through the Department of Science and Art, as the Lord President of Our Privy Council and Vice-President of the Council of Educa¬ tion for the time being may direct, now know ye that We, considering the premises and earnestly desiring to promote the success of the said Exhibition, and reposing great trust and confidence in your fidelity, discretion, and inte¬ grity, have authorized and appointed, and by these Presents do authorize and appoint you, Our said most dear son Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, together with you, Granville George, Earl Granville, George Granville William, Duke of Sutherland, Henry, Marquess of Lansdowne, James Brownlow William, Marquess of Salisbury, Richard, Marquess of Hertford, Edward Geoffrey, Earl of Derby, William, Earl of Rosse, Henry Richard Charles, Earl Cowley, John, Earl Russell, Edward Henry Stanley (commonly called Lord Stanley), Francis Charteris (commonly called Lord Elcho), Edward Berkeley, Lord Pcrtman, Samuel Jones, Lord Overstone, Henry, Lord Taunton, Richard Monckton, Lord Houghton, Edward Cardwell, or Our Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies for the time being, Sir Charles Wood, or Our Principal Secretary of State for India in Council for the time being, William Francis Cowper, or the Chief Commissioner of Works for the time being, William Ewart Gladstone, or the Chancellor of Our Exchequer for the time being, Sir George Clerk, Robert Lowe, Charles Bowyer Adderley, Henry Austin Bruce, Sir Stafford Henry Northcote, Sir Edward Clarence Kerrison, or the Presi¬ dent of the Royal Agricultural Society for the time being, Sir Alexander Young Spearman, Sir Samuel Morton Peto, Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke, Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, Sir Charles Lock Eastlake, or the President of the Royal Academy for the time being, Sir Francis Richard Sandford, Lyon Playfair, Edgar Alfred Bowring, Warren Stormes Hale, or the Lord Mayor of Our city of London for the time being, Charles Lawson, or the Lord Provost of Our city of Edinburgh for the time being, John Barrington, cr the Lord Mayor of Our city of Dublin for the time being, Edward Akroyd, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Halifax for the time being, Henry Ashworth, Charles Atkinson, or the Master Cutler of Sheffield for the time being, Thomas Baring, Thomas Bazley, Somerset Archibald Beaumont, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Newcastle-on-Tyne for the time being, George Thomas Clark, Thomas Pearson Crossland, or the Presi¬ dent of the Chamber of Commerce of Huddersfield for the time being, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, or the President of the Royal Institute of British Architects for the time being, Thomas Fairbairn, Charles Forster, William 9 Appendix (B.) to Mr. Cole’s Report . Henry Gregory, Thomas Field Gibson, William John Hamilton, or the Presi¬ dent of the Geological Society for the time being, Lewis Heymann, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Nottingham for the time being, Michael Daintree Hollins, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of the Potteries for the time being, Charles Hoskins Low, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol for the time being, Darnton Lupton, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Leeds for the time being, John Robinson M'Clean, or the President of the Institute of Civil Engineers for the time being, James Macauley, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Belfast for the time being, John M‘Ewen, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Glasgow for the time being, John Francis Maguire, John Moreton, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Wolverhampton for the time being, Philip Henry Rathbone, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Liverpool for the time being, Richard Redgrave, Henry William Ripley, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bradford for the time being, Richard Russell, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Limerick for the time being, Edward Sabine, or the President of the Royal Society for the time being, William Scholefield, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Birmingham for the time being, John Sharp* or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Dundee for the time being, Frederick Tayler, or the President of the Society of Painters in Water Colours for the time being, Henry Thring, Henry Hussey Vivian, to be Our Com¬ missioners, to advise Us upon the best mode by which the products of Industry and the Fine Arts of the United Kingdom, Our Colonies and Dependencies, may be procured and sent to the said Exhibition : And furthermore We do by these Presents give and grant to you, or any three or more of you, full power and authority to nominate and appoint other persons to be Commissioners, and to name and appoint jurors for the said Exhibition : And Our further will and pleasure is that for the purpose of aiding you in such matters We hereby appoint Our trusty and well-beloved Henry Cole, Esquire, Companion of Our most honourable Order of the Bath, to be Secre¬ tary to this Our Commission: And Our further will and pleasure is that you, or any three or more of you, when and so often as need or occasion shall require, so long as this Our Com¬ mission shall continue in force, do report to Us, in writing, under your hands and seals respectively, all and every the several proceedings of yourselves had by virtue of these Presents : And lastly, We do by these Presents ordain that this Our Commission shall continue in full force and virtue until the close of the said Exhibition, and that you, Our said Commissioners, or any three or more of you, shall and may from time to time, and at any place or places, proceed in the execution thereof, and of every matter and thing therein contained, although the same be not continued from time to time by adjournment. Given at Our Court at Saint James’s, the twenty-seventh day of April, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Our reign. By Her Majesty’s Command, G. GREY. Power tu appoint additional Commission* ers and to name jurors. [Extract from the London Gazette of May 5 , 1865.] Science and Art Department, South Kensington , May 3, 1865. Memorandum. In the Gazette notice (2nd May 1865) of Commissioners appointed by the Queen to promote the success of the Universal Exhibition to be held at Paris, in the year 1867, the name of the Right Honourable Benjamin Disraeli was inadvertently omitted. Name of Mr. Disraeli inadver¬ tently omitted. Names of additional members of Commission. Names of Associate Commis¬ sioners, with the classes for which they were invited to act. 10 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. [Extract from the London Gazette of May 26, I 860 .] Science and Art Department , South Kensington, May 25, 1865. The Queen has been pleased to appoint his Grace the Duke of Buckingham and Chandos (one of the Commissioners for the International Exhibition of 1862); the Bight Honourable Sir John Pakington, Bart., G.C.B., President of the Institute of Naval Architects, or the President of the Institute of Naval Architects for the time being ; William Hawes, Esq., Chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts, or the Chairman of the Council of the Society of Arts for the time being ; Robert Napier, Esq., President of the Institute of Mechani¬ cal Engineers, or the President of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers for the time being ; and Philip William Skynner Miles, Esq., President of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol, or the President of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol for the time being (instead of Charles Hoskins Low, Esq., Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol, or the Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce of Bristol for the time being), to be Commissioners in addition to and together with the Commissioners appointed on the 27th of April 1865, to promote the success of the Universal Exhibition to be held in Paris in the year 1867. APPENDIX (C.) List of Associate Commissioners appointed by Her Majesty’s Commissioners. Addington, Samuel, 106, St. Martin’s-lane, London, W.C.—30, Woollen Fabrics; History of Labour. Adie, Patrick, 15, Argyll-road, Kensington, W.—94, Skilled Workmen’s Work. Ailesbury, Marquess of, 78, Pall Mall, Lon¬ don, S.W.—History of Labour. Amherst, Earl, 43, Grosvenor-square, W. —History of Labour. Amos, 0. E., The Grove, Southwark, S.E.— 74, Agricultural Apparatus. Anderson, James, Meadow Bank, TJdding- ston.—Horticulture. Archer, Professor, Museum of Science and Art, Edinburgh. — 41, Products of Forests, &c.; 72, Condiments, &c. Arundel of Wardour, Lord, Wardour Castle, Shaftesbury, Wilts.—History of Labour. Ashton, Howarth, Manchester—Works of Art. Asprey, Charles, 166, New Bond-street, London, W.—20, Cutlery; 26, Leather Work, &c. Ayrton, A. S., M.P., 11, Bolton-street, May- fair, W—94, Skilled Workmen’s Work. Baily, John, 113, Mount-street, Grosvenor- square, W.—78, Pigs and Rabbits; 79, Poultry. Baird, George, Stichell House, Roxburgh¬ shire.—40, Products of Mining. Ball, John, Oxford and Cambridge Club, S.W.—38, Travelling Articles, Baker, S. W., 34, Chester-terrace, N.W.— 42, Products of Shooting. Barber Surgeons’ Company, Master of, Monkwell-street, E.C.—History of Labour. Barker, Alexander, 103, Piccadilly, W.— History of Labour. Barnes, James, Bictors, Budleigh Salter- ton.—H orticulture. Barnett, Charles, Stratton Park, Biggles¬ wade.—80, Dogs. Barron, William, Barrow-ash, Derby.— Horticulture. Bartlett, A. D., Zoological Society, Regent’s Park, N.W.—82, Fish, Crustacea. Bateson, Rev. Dr., St. John’s College, Cam¬ bridge.—History of Labour. Batty, George, 15, Finsbury-pavement, E.C.—70, Meat and Fish. Beggs, Thomas, 37, Southampton-street, W.C.—93, Cheap Dwellings. Belfield, Capt. R.E., 62, Gloucester-cres¬ cent, W.—37, Munitions of War. Bell, J. L., The Hall, Washington, Durham. —40, Products of Mining. Bell, Thomas, F.R.C.S., The Wakes, Sel- borne,Alton.—11, Medical Apparatus,&c. Benham, James, 19, Wigmore-street, W.— 24, Heating and Lighting. Bennett, Prof. Sterndale, 38, Queeris- borough-terrace. W.—10, Musical In¬ struments. Bentinck, G. Cavendish, M.P., 48, Charles- street, Berkeley-square, W.—History of Labour. Bentley, Professor, King’s College, W.C.— 41, Products of Forests; 44, Chemical Products. Berkeley, Rev. M. J., King’s Cliff, Wans« ford—42, Products of Shooting. Bessborough, Earl of, 40, Charles-street,- Berkeley-square—62, Harness and Sad¬ dlery. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report. 11 Best, Hon. and Rev. S., Abott’s Ann, Andover.—39, Children’s Instruction. Betts, James, 30, Tavistock-square, W.C. —73, Fermented Drinks. Bevington. Samuel, 67, Cannon-street West, E.C.—46, Leather and Skins. Biddle, Daniel, 81, Oxford-street, W.—33, Lace, &c. Bird, W., 2, Laurence Pountney-hill, E.C. —40, Products of Mining. Bishop, Henry (Gunter ana Co.), Berkeley- square, W.—68, Bread, &c.; 72, Condi¬ ments, &c. Blackhorne, A., 35, South Audley-street, W.—33, Lace, &c. Blackwell, S. H., Ynyscedvvyn, South Wales—40, Products of Mining. Blackwell, T. F., 20, Soho-square, W.—71, Vegetables and Fruit. Blandy, J. J., High-grove, Reading.—Hor¬ ticulture. Blantyre, Lord, 3, Cromwell-houses, South Kensington, W.—93, Cheap Dwellings. Blenkins, G. E., 9, War wick-square, S.W. —Horticulture. Boileau, Sir J. P., Bart., 20, Upper Brook- street, W.—History of Labour. Booth, E., 35, Cow Cross-street, E.C.—74, Agricultural Apparatus. Bowley, K. T., 53, Charing Cross, S.W.— 35, Clothing. Bowley, R. K,. 53, Charing Cross, S.W.— 10, Musical Instruments. Boxer, Col. R. A., Woolwich, S.E.— 37, Munitions of War. Brace, Henry, Walsall.—62, Harness and Saddlery. Brailsford, W., Lawn Head, Eccleshall.— 80, Dogs. Brinton, John (Brinton and Lewis), Kid¬ derminster.—18, Carpets, &c. Bristol, Mayor of, Bristol.—History of Labour. Brocklebank, R., Liverpool.—Works of Art. Brocklebank, T., Liverpool.—Works of Brooks, A., 2, Pall Mall, S.W .—Works of Art. Brown, George, 104, Fore-street, E.C.—31, Silk. Brownlow, Earl, 11, Prince’s Gate, W.— Horticulture. Buchanan, James, 215, Picadilly, W.—37, Portable Weapons. Buckland, F. T., F.Z.S., 37, Albany-street, N.W.—70, Meat and Fish; 81, Useful Insects; 82, Fish, Crustacea. Bull, William, King’s-road, Chelsea, S.W. —Horticulture. Buller, Wentworth W., Strete Ralegh, Whimple, Exeter.—Horticulture. Burges, W., 15, Buckingham-street, Strand, W.C.—14, Furniture. Burnand, A., 14, Hyde-park-gate, W.~ Works of Art. Burnand, T., 14, Hyde-park-gate, W.— Works of Art. Butler, C. S., M.P., Cazenoves, Upper Clap¬ ton, N.E.—91, Cheap Furniture, &c. Butler, C., 3, Connaught-terrace, W.— Works of Art. Buxton, Charles, M.P., 7, Grosvenor-cres- cent, S.W.—73, Fermented Drinks; 91, Furniture, &c. Cadogan, Earl, Chelsea House, Cadogan- place, S.W.—History of Labour. Baffin, Rear - Admiral, Vanburgh-lodge, Blackheath, S.E.—37, Munitions of War. Caird, James, 3, St. James’-square, S.W.— Works of Art. Callow, T. W., 8, Park-lane, W— 62, Har¬ ness and Saddlery. Campbell, Sir James, Bart., Whitemead Park, Coleford.—41, Products of Forests. Carlisle, Mayor of, Carlisle.—History of Labour. Carpenters’ Company, Master of, London Wall, E.C.—History of Labour. Carte, Dr. A., Royal Dublin Society, Dub¬ lin.—42, Products of Shooting. Carter, Mr. Alderman, 61, Cornhill, E.C.— 23, Clocks and Watches. Cartmell, Rev. Dr., University, Cambridge. —History of Labour. Cayley, George John, Dean’s Yard, S.W.— 8, Application of Drawing, &c. to the Common Arts. Chadwick, Edwin, C.B., Richmond, S.W. —13, Maps, &c.; 24, Heating and Light¬ ing; 91,Cheap Furniture; 92, National Clothing; 93, Cheap Dwellings; 95, Skilled Workmen’s Instruments. Chambers, Dr. T. K., 22b, Brook-street, W. —92, National Clothing. Chance, Henry, Alkali Works, near Bir¬ mingham.—44, Chemical Products. Chance, R. L., Glass Works, near Birming¬ ham.—16, Glass. Chester, Harry, 63, Rutland-gate, S.W.— 39, Toys; 89, Apparatus for Instruction; 91, Cheap Furniture. Child, Smith, Stallington Hall, Stone, Staffordshire.—8, Application of Draw¬ ing, &c. to the Common Arts. Chitty, T. E., 44, Blandford-square, N.W —66, Navigation (Yachts, &c.). Clabburn, W. H., Sunny-hill, Thorpe, Nor¬ wich.—29, Woollen Fabrics. Clarke, Edwin, 24, Great George-street, S.W.—66, Navigation (Marine Engineer¬ ing). Clarke, Major Trevor, Northampton,— Horticulture. Clay, James, M.P., 25, Montagu-square, W.C.—72, Condiments, &c. Clayton, J. R., 311, Regent-street, W.—16, Glass. Clayton, Thomas (Woolstapler), Bradford. —43, Agricultural Products. Clerk, John, 24, Grosvenor-street West, S.W.—9, Photography. Clifford of Chudleigh, Lord, Chudleigh.— History of Labour. Close, Capt. M. C., Trinity House, E.C — 66, Navigation. Clothworkers’ Company, Master of, 41, Mincinar-lane, E.C.—History of Labour. Clowes, George, Duke-street, Stamford- street, S.—6, Printing and Books. Cockerell, Capt. J., Royal Horticultural Society, South Kensington, W.—39, Toys. Coleman, E. J., Stoke Park, Slough.— Works of Art. Collinson, Admiral, Ealing, W.—13, Maps, &c. Combermere, Viscount, Whitchurch, Salop.—75, Horses, &c. Cooke, Lieut.-Col. A. C., R.E., 4, New- street. Spring-gardens, S.W.—13, Maps, &c. Cooke, E. W., R.A.,The Ferns, Kensington Gore, W.—16, Glass. Cooke, T., 31, Southampton Street, Strand, W.C.—12,Mathematical Instruments,&c. - Copeland, Mr. Alderman, 160, New Bond- street, W.—17, Pottery. Corbett, John, Stoke Works, near Broms- grove.—72, Condiments, &c. Cork and Orrery, Earl of, K.P.,1, Grafton - street, W.—61, Carriages, &c. Names of Associate Commis- sioners,with the classes for which they were invited to act. 12 Reports on the Paris Exhibition, Names of Cosens, Frederick W., Clapham-park, S.— Associate Works of Art. Commis- Costa, Michael, 59, Eccleston-square, S.W. sioners,with —10, Musical Instruments, the classes Cottam, Louis, 2, Winsley-street, Oxford- for which street, W.—Horticulture, they were Cowie, Rev. B. M., B.D., 42. Upper Harley- invited to street, W.—90, Adults’ Instruction, act. Cox, John, Redleaf, Penshurst.—Horticul¬ ture. Crace, J. G., 14, Wigmore-street, W.—15, Upholstery; 19, Paper-hangings. Craig, J. T. Gibson, York-place, Edin¬ burgh.—History of Labour. Craven, Earl, 16, Charles-street, Berkeley- square, W.—Horticulture. Cranston, James, 1, Temple-row West, Birmingham.—Horticulture. Crawford, R. W., M.P., 20, Eaton-square, S.W.—72, Condiments, &c. Cremer, W. H., jun., 210, Eegent-street, W. —39, Toys. Crewe, Lord, 28, Hill-street, W.—Horticul¬ ture. Crimp, Harris, 25, Thurloe-place, S.W.— 70, Meat and Pish. Cumberbatch, L. H., Queen’s House, Lynd- hurst— 41, Products of Forests; Horti¬ culture. Cumming, Rev. John, D.D., 7, Montague- place, W.C.—81, Useful Insects. Curzon, Hon. R., 24, Arlington-street, W. —History of Labour. Dancer, F. N., Little Sutton.—Horticul¬ ture. Dasent, G. W., 19, Chesham-place, S.W.— History of Labour. Daubeney, Col. C.B., Royal Army Clothing Depot, Pimlico, S.W.—35, Clothing. Dawes, Very Rev. Richard, Deanery, Here¬ ford.—89, Apparatus for Instruction. Delamere, Lord, 14, Bruton-street, W.— History of Labour. De La Rue, Warren, 110, Bunhill-row, E.C. —12, Mathematical Instruments, &c. De La Rue, W. F., 110, Bunhill-row, E.C.— 7, Paper, Stationery, &c. De La Warr, Earl, 17, Upper Grosvenor- street, W.—History of Labour. De Lisle and Dudley, Lord, Penshurst.— 14, Furniture; History of Labour. Denman, Hon. G., Q.C., M.P., 1, Tanfield- court, Temple, E.C.—66, Navigation (Yachts, &c.). Dent, J. Dent, Ribston Hall, Wetherby.— 76, Bulls, &c. Denton, J. Bailey, 22, Whitehall-place, S.W.—74, Agricultural Apparatus; 93, Cheap Dwellings. Diamond, Hugh W., M.D., Twickenham, S.W.—9, Photography. Dickson, Arthur, Queen’s-park, Chester.— Horticulture. Dickson, James, sen., Newton Villa, Chester.—Horticulture. Dickson, John, Soughton Mains, Edin¬ burgh.—77, Sheep, Goats. Dix, Rev. Joshua, 13, Stratford-place, Cam- den-square, N.W.—Horticulture. Dixon, Colonel, R.A., Royal Small Arms Factory, Enfield.—37, Portable Wea¬ pons. Dixon, Henry, 10, Kens in gton- s quare, W. —75, Horses, &c. Donaldson, Professor, Bolton-gardens, Russell-square, W.C.—22, Bronzes, &c. Doncaster, Mayor of, Doncaster.—History of Labour. Donnelly, Captain, R.E., South Kensing¬ ton Museum, W.—24, Heating and Lighting, Doulton, Frederick, M.P., Manor House, Dulwich Common, S.—17, Pottery; 94, Skilled Workmen’s Work. Downshire, Marquess of, 24, Belgrave- square, S.W.—76, Bulls, &c. Dresden, E. Z., 2, Devonshire-place, W.— 36, Jewellery and Plate. Drogheda, Marquess of, 48, Dover-street, W.—66, Navigation. Dudley, Earl,Park-lane,W— 36, Jewellery and Plate. Dundas, Right Hon. Sir David, 13, King’s Bench-walk, Temple, E.C.—History of Labour. Dyke, Sir Percyvall Hart, Bart., 54, Gros- venor-street, W.—History of Labour. Eaton, Henry W., M.P., 16, Princes-gate, W.—Works of Art; 81, Silk. Eden, James Lytham, Lancashire.— Works of Art. Edgington, Benjamin 2, Duke-street, Southwark, S.E.—38, Travelling Articles. Edmonds, Charles, Chiswick House, S.W. —Horticulture. Egerton of Tatton, Lord, 7, St. James’s- square, S.W.—Horticulture. Egerton, Hon. Seymour, 8, Onslow-gar- dens, S.W.—10, Musical Instruments. Egerton, Sir P. De M. G., Bart., 28b, Albe- marle-street, W.—16, Glass : History of Labour. Elkington, Alfred J., 22, Regent-street, S.W.—40, Products of Mining. Elkington, Frederick, Birmingham.—21, Jewellery and Plate; 22, Bronzes. Ella, John, 18, Hanover-square, W.—10, Musical Instruments. Erne, Earl of, 95, Eaton-square, S.W.—76, Bulls, &c. Eversley, Viscount, 69, Eaton-place, S.W. —History of Labour. Farmer, James, 179, Regent-street, W.— 32, Shawls. Farre, Arthur, M.D., 12, Hertford-street, W.—11, Medical Apparatus, &c. Fauntleroy, Robert, 100, Bunhill-row, E.C —42, Products of Shooting, &c. Fawcett, Professor, M.P., Trinity Hall, Cambridge.—90, Adults’ Instruction. Festing, Capt., R.E., South Kensington Museum, W.—24, Heating and Light¬ ing. Fish, Robert, Putteridge, Luton, Beds.— Horticulture. Fisher, Samuel, 33, Southampton-street, W.C.—19, Paper Hangings. Fishmongers’ Company, Master of, London Bridge, E.C.—History of Labour. Fitzgerald, Lord Gerald, 47, Sloane-street, S.W.—10, Musical Instruments. Fleming, John, Cliveden Office, Maiden¬ head.—Horticult ura. Forbes, Sir J. Stuart, Bart., Pitsligo, N. —93, Cheap Dwellings. Forrest, George E., Nevills-court, New- street-square, E.C.—24, Heating and Lighting. Forster, Thomas E., Ellison-place, New¬ castle-on-Tyne.—40, Products of Mining. Fortnum, C. D. E. Stanmore, N.—22, Bronzes, &c. Francis, Francis, The Firs, Twickenham, S.W.—82, Fish, Crustacea. Frankland, Dr., 21, Albemarle-street, W. —24, Heating and Lighting. Franks, A. W., The British Museum.— History of Labour. Freake, C. J., Cromwell-road, W—93, Cheap Dwellings; 94, Skilled Workmen’s Work; 95, Skilled Workmen’s Instru¬ ments. Appendix ( C .) to Mr. Cole's Report. 13 Frean, George H. (Peek, Frean, and Co.), Dockhead, S.E —68, Bread, &c. Frere, R. Temple, 34, Upper Harley-street, W—History of Labour. Frodsham, Charles, 84, Strand, W.C.—23, Clocks and Watches. Frost, Philip, Dropmore.—Horticulture. Fry, Richard (Fry and Sons), Bristol.—72, Condiments, &c. Galpin, Thomas D., La Belle Sauvage Yard, E.C.—90, Adults Instruction. Galton, Captain Douglas, C.B., 12, Chester- street, S.W.—37, Munitions of War. Galton, Francis, 42, Rutland Gate, S.W.— 38, Travelling Articles. Galway, Viscount, Brookes’ Club, S.W.— 78, Pigs, Rabbits, &c. Gambart, Ernest, 62, Avenue-road, N.W.— Works of Art. Garrard, S., 31, Panton-street, W—36, Jewellery and Plate. Gamier, Very Rev. T., D.D., Deanery, Win¬ chester.—History of Labour. Gatliff, Charles, 19, Coleman-street, E.C.— 93, Cheap Dwellings. Geldart, Thomas C., LL.D., Trinity Hall, Cambridge—History of Labour. Gibbs, B. T. Brandreth, 13. Pelham-cres¬ cent, S.W.—Horticulture. Gibson, Sir I. B., K.C.B., 24, Lancaster- gate, W—37, Munitions of War. Gibson, John, Woolmet, Dalkeith.—79, Poultry; 80, Dogs. Gibson, John, Battersea-park, S.W.—Hor¬ ticulture. Glaislier, James, Blackheath, S.E.—38, Travelling Articles. Godwin, George, 24, Alexander-square, S.W.—22, Bronzes, &c.; 93, Cheap Dwell¬ ings ; 95, Skilled Workmen’s Instru¬ ments. Godwin-Austen, R., Chilworth Manor, Guildford, Surrey.—History of Labour. Goodford, Rev.C. O., D.D., Eton College.— History of Labour. Gosse, P. H., Sandhurst, Torquay.—82, Fish; Crustacea. Gould, John, 26, Charlotte-street, Bedford- square, W.C.—42, Products of Shooting, &c. Graham, J., Skermarley Castle, Largs, N.B.—Works of Art. Graham, Peter, 35, Oxford-street, W.—18, Carpets. Graham, Thomas, Royal Mint.—44, CheniV cal Products. Granard, Earl of, K.P., 42, Brook-street, W.—66, Navigation (Yachts, &c.). Grant, Lieut.-Colonel J., R.E., Horse Guards, S.W.—38, Travelling Articles. Grapel, William, 5, Cavendish-square, W. —Works of Art. Gray, James, Danvers-street, Chelsea, S.W. —Horticulture. Greaves, E. Avonside, Warwick.—80, Dogs. Green, Thomas, 55, Blackfriars-road, S.— Horticulture. Gregory, Henry, 15, Aldennanbury, E.C.— 35, Clothing. Grosvenor, Lord Richard, M.P., 33, Upper Grosvenor-street, W.—61, carriages, &c. Gunter, Captain, —78, Pigs, Rabbits. Gunther, Dr. A., The British Museum, W.C.—82, Fish, Crustacea. Haden, F. S., F.R.C.S., 62, Sloane-street, S.W.—History of Labour. Hailstone, Edward, Horton Hall, Brad¬ ford.—History of Labour. Hale, Mr. Alderman, 71, Queen-street, Cheapside, E.C.—44, Chemical Products. Hancock, C. F., 38, Bruton-street, W.—21, Jewellery and Plate. Harington, Sir I. E., Bart., 58, Eaton place, S.W.—10, Musical Instruments. Harrison, D., Staleybridge, Lancashire.— Works of Art. Hart, S. A., R.A., 36, Fitzroy-square, W.— 15, Decorative Work; 22, Bronzes, &c.; 89, Apparatus for Instruction. Hassall, A. H., M.D., 74, Wimpole-street, W.—68, Bread, &c. Haswell, R., 49, Spencer-street, Clerken- well, E.C.—23, Clocks and Watches. Hawarden, Viscount, 5, Princes-gardens, W.—9, Photography. Hawkins, Rev. Edward, D.D., Oriel Col¬ lege, Oxford.—History of Labour. Hawkins, I. Heywood, Bignor-park, Pet- worth.—History of Labour. Hawkins, M. Rohde, 15, Hyde-park-gate, W.—89, Apparatus for Instruction. Hay, Major-General, Hythe.—37, Portable Weapons. Henderson, Arthur, Waterloo Nursery, Kilburn, N. W.—Horticulture. Henley, W. C., Joiner-street, Tooley-street, S.E.—73, Fermented Drinks. Henniker, Lord, 6, Grafton-street, W.— History of Labour. Heugh, John, Holmewood Park, Tun¬ bridge Wells.—Works of Art. Hicks, Francis, 11, Little Alie-street, E.— 72, Condiments, &c. Hicks, S. H., 5, Regent-street, S.W.—26, Leather Work. Hickson, S., 20, Smithfield, E.C.—35, Clo¬ thing. Higgins, M. J., 71, Eaton-square, S.W.—75, Horses, &c. Hill, Frederic, General Post Office, E.C.—* 91, Cheap Furniture, &c. Hill, Sir Rowland, K.C.B., Hampstead, N.W.—90, Adults’ Instruction. Hippisley, Sir I. S.,Bart., 7, Stratton-street, W.—History of Labour. Hodges, Frederick, Distillery, Lambeth, S. —73, Fermented Drinks. Hodgkin, I. Eliot, West Derby, Liverpool. —19, Paper Hangings. Hofmann, Dr. A. W., 24, Park-square East, N.W.—16, Glass; 24, Heating and Light¬ ing. Holdsworth, Henry, Coltneys, Wishaw, N.B.—Works of Art. Holford, R. S., M.P., Dorchester house, Park-lane, W.—Horticulture. Holland, Edward, M.P., Dumbleton, Tewkesbury.—76, Bulls, &c. Holland, Joseph, 254, Oxford-street, W.— 61, Carriages, &c. Holland, William, 23, Mount-street, W.— 14, Furniture. Holmes, H. M., 38, Margaret-street, W.— 61, Carriages, &c. Hood, Major-General, Hon. A. N., Windsor Castle—76, Bulls, &c.: 78,Pigs,Rabbits. Hooker, Dr. J. D., Royal Gardens, Kew, S.W.—43, Agricultural Products ; 71, Vegetables and Fruit. Hooper, George W., 28, Haymarket, S.W. —61, Carriages, &c. Horsfall, T. B., M.P., Bellamour Hall, near Rugeley.—72, Condiments, &c. Hoskyns, C. Wren, 27, Berkeley-square, W.—74, Agricultural Apparatus. Houghton, George, 89, High Holborn, E.C. —Horticulture. Hubert, S. M., 69, Marylebone-lane, W.— 19, Paper Hangings. Hudson, Lieut.-Colonel J., Royal Army Clothing Factory, Pimlico, S.W.—35, Clothing. Names of Associate Commis¬ sioners, with the classes for which they were invited to act. 14 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Names of Associate Commis¬ sioners, wit the classes for which they were invited to act. Hughes, Thomas, M.P., 113, Park-street, W.—90, Adults’ Instruction; 95, Skilled "Workmen’s Instruments. Hulke, J. W., E.R.C.S., 10, Old Burlington- street, W.—11, Medical Apparatus. Hullah, John, 11, Devonshire-place, W.— 89, Apparatus for Instruction. Hunt, John, 156, New Bond-street, W.— 21, Jewellery and Plate. Huth, Henry, 30, Princes-gate, W.—7, Paper, Stationery, &c. Huth, Louis, 26, Upper Harley-street, W. —Works of Art; 17, Pottery. Huxley, Professor, 26, Abbey-place, St. John’s-wood, N.W.—68, Bread, &c.—69, Milk and Eggs; 82, Pish, Crustacea. Ingram, Thomas E., Erogmore —Horti¬ culture. Ingram, William, Belvoir Castle, Grant¬ ham.—Horticulture. Innholder’s Company, Master of the, 10, Billiter-square, E.C.—History of Labour. Ironmongers’ Company, Master of the, 117^, Fenchurch-s’treet, E.C.—History of Labour. Jackson, Rev. W., D.D., Queen’s College, Oxford.—History of Labour. Jardine, Sir William, Bart., Lockerbie, Dumfries.—82, Eish, Crustacea. Jervois, Lieut.-Colonel W. E. D., C.B., R.E., 9, Southwick-crescent, Hyde-park, W.— 37, Munitions of War. Johnson, E. C., 12, Wilton-street, S.W.— 89, Apparatus for Instruction. Johnson, E. D., 9, Wilmington-square, E.C. —23, Clocks and Watches. Jones, Owen, 9, Argyll-place, W.—6, Print¬ ing and Books; 15, Decorative Work; 19, Paper Hangings. Kane, Sir Robert, Museum of Irish Indus¬ try, Dublin.—45, Chemical Products. Keeling, Henry L., Monument Yard, E.C. —71, Vegetables and Eruit. Kelk, John, M.P., 80, Eaton-square, S.W.— Works of Art; Horticulture. Kildare, Marquis of, Kilkea Castle, Ma- geney, Ireland—History of Labour. Kilduff, Right Rev. Bishop, St. Patrick’s College, Maynooth.—-History of Labour. Kinahan, E. H., Dublin.—73, Eermented Drinks. Kingscote, Lieut.-Colonel R. N. E., C.B., M.P., 34, Charles-street, Berkeley-square, W.—61, Carriages, &c.; 75, Horses, &c. Laing, Seton, 9, Hyde-park-gate, W.—81, Useful Insects. Landseer, Sir Edwin, R.A., 1 St. John’s- wood-road, N.W.—80, Dogs. Lap worth, H. L., 22, Old Bond-street, W. —18, Carpets, &c. Latham, John, 27, Pall-mall, S.W.—37, Portable Weapons. Lavanchy, John R., 4, Sydney-place, S.W. —30, Woollen Fabrics; 31, Silk; 32, Shawls. Lawley, Rev. Stephen W., Escrick Rec¬ tory, York.—79, Poultry. Leaf, I., Streatham, S.—Works of Art. Leaf, William L., Old Change, E.C.—31, Silk. Leathart, J., Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Works of Art. Lee, John, Nursery, Hammersmith, W.— Horticulture. Leeds, Robert, Salisbury-square, E.C.—74, Agricultural Apparatus. Lefroy, Brigadier-General, R.A., Grosve- nor-house, Blackheath, S.E.—37, Porta¬ ble Weapons. Leighton, Rev. E. K., D.D., All Soul’s Col¬ lege, Oxford—History of Labour. Leighton, Frederick, A.R.A., 11, Lynd- hurst-villas, Lyndhurst-road, Peckham, S.E.—8, Applications of Drawing and Modelling. Lemon, Sir Charles, Bart., Curclew, Pen- ryn,—Horticulture. Lennox, Lieut.-Colonel, R.E., Brompton Barracks, Chatham.—24, Heating and Lighting. Leslie, Colonel C. P., M.P., 48, Berkeley- square, W.—80, Dogs. Letheby, Henry, M.D., 17, Sussex-place, N.W.— 1 70, Meat and Eish. Leuchars, W., 38, Piccadilly, W.—26, Lea¬ ther Work. Lewis, Stephen, W., 195, Regent-street, W. —31, Silk. Liddell, Very Rev. Dean, Christchurch, Oxford.—History of Labour. Lightfoot, Rev. I. P„ D.D., Exeter College, Oxford.—History of Labour. Limerick, Lord Bishop of, The Palace, Limerick.—History of Labour. Lindsay, Sir Coutts, Bart., 11, Grosvenor- square, W.—Works of Art; 14, Furni¬ ture ; History of Labour. Llanover, Lord, 9, Great Stanhope-street, W.—Works of Art. Loch, George, Q.C., 12, Albemarle-street, W.—77, Sheep, Goats. Locke, John, M.P., 63, Eaton-place, S.W.— 24, Heating and Lighting. Locker, Frederick, 13, Victoria-street, S.W. —History of Labour. Londesborough, Lord, 3, Grosvenor-square, W.—History of Labour. Long, Benjamin J., 28, St. Ann’s-street, Manchester.—62, Harness and Saddlery. Longman, Thomas, Earnborough, Hants. —6, Printing and Books. Lonsdale, Earl of, 14, Carlton-house-ter- race, S.W.—Horticulture. Loughborough, Lord, 7, New Burlington- street, W.—SO, Dogs. Lucas, C., 5, Great George-street, S.W.— Works of Art. Luke, James, Woolley-lodge, Maidenhead. —11, Medical Apparatus, &c. Macgregor, J., 1, Mitre-court-buildings, Temple, E.C.—66, Navigation; 90, Adults’ Instruction. Mackintosh, Alexander, 10, Piccadilly, W. —28, Linen. MacLeod of MacLeod, 7, Upper Phillimore- gardens, Kensington, W.—History of Labour. Macmillan, Alexander, 16, Bedford-street, Covent-garden, W.C.—6, Printing and Books. Manchester, Duke of, Kimbolton Castle, St. Neots— History of Labour. Manners, Admiral, 8, Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, W.C.—23, Clocks and Watches. Manning, Archbishop, 8, York-place, W.— History of Labour. Marjoribanks, Dudley C., M.P., 3, Grafton- street, W.—74, Agricultural Apparatus; History of Labour. Markham, Clements R., 21, Eccleston- square, S.W.—42, Products of Shooting, &c. Marlborough, Duke of, 10, St. James’s- square, S.W.—History of Labour. Marochetti, Baron, A.R.A., 34, Onslow- square, S.W.—22, Bronzes, &c. Marshall, H. C. (Marshall and Co.), Leeds. —28, Linen. Marshall, John, E.R.C.S., 10, Savile-row, W—11, Medical Apparatus, &c. Appendix (C) io Mr. Colds Report. 15 Marshall, Murray, Godaiming, Surrey.— 41, Products of Forests. Marsham, Rev. R. B., D.D., Merton Col¬ lege, Oxford.—History of Labour. Martindale, Capt. It. E., 20, Bruns wick- garden?, Kensington, W.—37, Munitions of War. Haskell, W., Bude Haven, Cornwall.— History of Labour. Matthews, C. P., The Bower House, Haver¬ ing.—Works of Art. Maude, Lieut.-Col. G. A., C.B., R.A., Royal Mews, S.W.—61, Carriages, &c.; 75, Horses &c. Maudslay, Henry, 110, Westminster- bridge-road, S.—94, Skilled Workmen’s Work. Maurice, Rev. F. D., 2, Brunswick-place, Regent’s-park, N.W.—90, Adults’ In¬ struction. Maxwell, Sir W. Stirling, Bart., 128, Park- street, W.—21, Jewellery and Plate; 74, Agricultural Apparatus; 76, Bulls, &c.; History of Labour. M'Combie, William, Tellybour, Aberdeen. —76, Bulls, &c. Mechi, J. J., Tiptree Hall, Kelvedon.—20, Cutlery. Medwin, J., 86, Regent-street, W—35, Clothing. Meek, Right Hon. James, Lord Mayor of York—History of Labour. Mendel, S., Manley Hall, Manchester.— Works of Art. Menzies, Graham, 58, Westbourne-terrace, W.—73, Fermented Drinks. Menzies, William, Parkside, Staines.— Horticulture. Mercers’ Company, Master of, Ironmonger- lane, E.C.—History of Labour. Merchant Taylors’ Company, Master of, 30, Threadneedle-street, E.C.—History of Labour. Meredith, Joseph, Garstang, Liverpool.— Horticulture. Millais, J. E., R.A., 7, Cromwell-place, S.W. —8, Applications of Drawings and Mo¬ delling ; 16, Glass. Miller, Taverner J., M.P., 59, Portland- place, W—42, Products of Shooting, &c. Miller, Professor, 7, Scroope-terrace, Cam¬ bridge—12, Mathematical Instruments, &c. Milman, Yery Rev. Dean, Deanery, St. Paul’s, E.C.—History of Labour. Milward, Richard, Thurgarton Priory Southwell.—75, Horses, &c.—76, Bulls, &c. Mills, Charles, Camelford House, Oxford- street, W.—17, Pottery. Mitchell, Rev. M., University Club, S.W.— 89, Apparatus for Instruction. Mitford, W. Townley,12, Cavendish-square, W.—History of Labour. Moffatt, George, M.P., 103, Eaton-square, S.W.—72, Condiments, &c.; History of Labour. Montagu, Lord Robert, M.P., 72, Inver- ness-terrace, W—90, Adults’ Instruc¬ tion. Moody, F. W., 25, Grosvenor-road, S.W .— 16, Glass. Moore, Dr. D., Glasnevin, Dublin.—41, Products of Forests; Horticulture. Moore, George, 15, Kensington Palace- gardens, W.—Works of Art. Moore, J., Sekeford Works, St. James’s- walk, Clerkenwell, E.C.—23, Clocks and Watches. Moore, Thomas, F.L.S., Botanic Garden, Chelsea, S.W.—Horticulture. Morgan, C. Octavius, M.P., 9, Pall-mall, -vr,,™.,,.. S.W.—History of Labour. aSSS*? Morley Samuel, 18, Wood-street, E.C.- OomSiT 34, Hosiery. sioners with Morpeth, Mayor of, Morpeth.—History of the classes * Labour. for which Morrison, Alfred, 34, St. James’s-place, they were 5. W.—17, Pottery; 21, Jewellery and invited to Plate; 95, Skilled Workmen’s Instru- ac t. ments. Morrison, Allan, 57, Upper Harley-street, W.—66, Navigation (Yachts, &c.). Morritt, W. J. S., Rokeby-park, Darling¬ ton.—61, Carriages, &c. Morson, T. N. R., Southampton-row, W.C. —44, Agricultural Products. Moseley, Rev. Canon, Olveston, Bristol.— 6, Printing and Books; 12, Mathematical Instruments, &c. Mudd, W., Botanic Garden, Cambridge.— Horticulture. Mulliner, F., 19, Brook-street, W.—61, Car¬ riages, &c. Murphy, J., 15, Thomas-street, Dublin.— 40, Products of Mining. Murray, Andrew, F.L.S., 67, Bedford-gar- dens, Kensington, W.—41, Products of Forests; Horticulture. Murray, John, 50a, Albemarle-street, W.— 6, Printing and Books. Myatt, William, Manor Farm, Deptford, S .E.—Horticulture. Myers, A. N., 15, Berners-street, W.—39, Toys. Naylor, R. C., Kelmarsh Hall, Northamp¬ ton.—Works of Art. Neighbour, Alfred, 149, Regent-street, W. —81, Useful Insects. Nevell, Reginald H., Dangstein, Peters- field.—43, Agricultural Products; 74, Agricultural Apparatus ; 81, Useful In¬ sects. Newman, Edward, York-grove, Peckham, S.E.—81, Useful Insects. Nicholay, J. A., 82, Oxford-street, W.—46, Leather and Skins. Nicoll, Donald, Oaklands Hall, West End- park, Kilburn, N.W.—35, Clothing; 92, National Clothing. Norris, Rev. Canon, Canon’s House, Bris¬ tol—89, Apparatus for Instruction. Norris, Rev. James, D.D., Corpus Christi College, Oxford.—History of Labour. Northampton, Marquis of, 145, Piccadilly, W—Works of Art; History of Labour. Northumberland, Duke of, Alnwick.— Works of Art. Norwich, Mayor of, Norwich.—History of Labour. Odling, W., M.D., Sydenham-road, Croy¬ don—25, Perfumery. Oxford, Mayor of, Oxford.—History of Labour. Ormson, Henry, Stanley-bridge, Chelsea, S. W.—Horticulture. Osborne, William, 5, Bow Churchyard, E.C.—28, Linen; 33, Lace, &c. Ouseley, Rev. Sir F. A. Gore, Bart., Ten- bury.—10, Musical Instruments. Owen, John A., 7, Lisle-street, Leicester- square, W—62, Harness and Saddlery. Owen, Professor R., The British Museum, W.C.—69, Milk and Eggs. Paget, Lord Alfred, 42, Grosvenor-place, S.W.—66, Navigation (Yachts, &c.) Painter-Stainers’ Co., Master of, 9, Little Trinity-lane, E.C.—History of Labour. Palmers, George (Huntley and Palmers), Reading.—68, Bread, &c. 16 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Names of Associate Commis¬ sioners,-with the classes for which they were invited to act. Parker, T., —79, Poultry. Paul, William, Waltham-cross, N.—Horti¬ culture. Peel, John, Cambridge-house, Twicken¬ ham, S.W.—Horticulture. Pelly, Captain, R.E., South Camp, Aider- shot.— 24, Heating and Lighting. Pender, I., M.P., 18, Arlington-street, W. —Works of Art. Penn, John, The Cedars, Lee, S.E.—Works of Art; 66, Navigation (Marine En¬ gineering). Pennell, H. Cholmondeley, Conservative Club, S.W.—82, Eish, Crustacea. Penrhyn, Lord, Mortimer-house, Halkin- street, S.W.—93, Cheap Dwellings. Percy, Dr., 1, Gloucester-crescent, W.— 24, Heating and Lighting. Peters, John W„ 95, Park-street, W.—61, Carriages, &c. Petre, Lord, 57, Portland-place, W.—His¬ tory of Labour. Phillimore, Captain, R.N., Shed field- house, Pareham.—24, Heating and Light- Philfips, H . W., 8, George-street, Hanover- square, W.—8, Application of Drawing and Modelling. Piesse, G. W. S., Ph. D., Chiswick, W.—25, Perfumery. Pirn, Jonathan, M.P., 22, William-street, Dublin.—14, Furniture. Pince, Robert T., Nursery, Exeter.—Hor¬ ticulture. Pollen, J. H., 11, Pembridge-crescent, Bayswater, W.—39, Toys. Pollen, Sir R. Hungerford, Bart., Rod- bourne, Chippenham.—92, National Clothing. Ponsonby, Hon. Ashley, 9, Princes-gar- dens, W.—History of Labour. Poole, H. G., 32, Savile-row, W.—35, Clothing. Pott, Norbury, Bridge-street, Southwark, S.E.—72, Condiments, &c. Potter, Edmund, M.P., 22, Princes-gar- dens, W.—History of Labour. Powell, Francis S., M.P., 1, Cambridge- square, Hyde-park, W.—15, Decorative Work. Powell, Nathaniel, Whitefriars Glass Works, Temple-street, E.C.—16, Glass. Priestley, W. O., M.D., 17, Hertford-street, W.—11, Medical Apparatus, &c. Principal, The Rev. The, of Wells Cathe¬ dral, Wells.—History of Labour. Prince, David, S., 26, Great George-street, S.W.—40, Products of Mining. Puckridge, Alfred F., 5, Kingsland-place, N.E.—46, Leather and Skins. Pulling, Rev. James, D.D., Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.—History of Labour. Quain, Richard, M.D., 56, Harley-street, W.—70, Meat and Fish; 73, Fermented Drinks. Quilter, William, 3, Moorgate-street, E.C. —Works of Art. Quin, F. F., M.D., 111, Mount-street, W.— 73, Fermented Drinks. Rae, Dr. John, 10, Craven-street, Strand.— 42, Products of Shooting, &c. Ramsay, G. D., War Office, S.W.-37, Munitions of War. Read, Richard, 35, Regent-circus, W.~ Horticulture. Redgrave, Samuel, 17, Hy de-park-gate South, W.—13, Maps, &c.; Horticulture. Redmayne, G., 19, New Bond-street, W.— 32, Shawls. Redwood, T., 19, Montague-street, W.C.— 44, Chemical Products. Reed, E. J., Admiralty, S.W.—66, Navi¬ gation. Reiss, James, 7, Cromwell-houses, W.— Works of Art. Richards, Captain G. H., R.N., Admiralty, S.W.—13, Maps, tfw £-§ pH ^ ■ S' 1 4^ ©_g 11 §* 3 3H3 a 93 a "°i ope gK'2, 9 - I O' <2.2 S g O eg O © S'Z o n pom 1 1 m I ^ gos © J ^ fi ^ o r? "c3 | g’gj 11 go 1 ^ i'-g © 3 a_H O o M a: 2.2 ^ o |e S ho | H 2S. 02^ o I © H h3 w • a a a ■gg £h jj .go | a ois •fi & •Si 2S 'SH d> ^ Pf.S ° +> Ph 2 s o O r- .sa a> £ a .2 r= © s fH OT .2 a-a -a § a ogg ■ © - a os g g © ^''2»sH©2^cq IP S^C^'P r ^ 5 C3 M c3 t>CC d O-p © n JKl^S^pa g2 So'1'3 . ^ 2S ^-=3g a Eh a B §^ = © “ o& jgO o P= W ||§f © 1 raS § O P i b r cO jsg 2S flo |Of5 oa ;0^ o ©,_;ta aal^s , .2C2.S 5^ 92 M 'b S p p ©a |w |J I >■ 2^-^ “ a2r ^ ' ° '©a ^.3 I m o* rH - ^ § <1 • . S H ® Mpq-g^^ O O .3n a® s 2 - . g-lfgai - a 'a 2 § 2 la .a ©'3^.2 §4?C?g 4-3 P M o S.2S 2 © g -.2 S||J Eh 50 ^ 2 a*d M - o o. • .o i | British Colonies— cont. Appendix (D.) to Mr . Coles Report. 21 x/l o gj 05 5pq . .w; b f S fl H go s oq c !a . io e8.s .§N 3q ra 11 O ft =y © 5 §3' 59 ooP •3 *Pg b.g £ ^*32 4% ©a £ p O'K © .2 ^3 1 1 £ 3 © s. b £ I 43 si 53 ® ©P ll • © 2 • 2 § ’ i a o S3 © © ® b > d gb s © b‘43 §h| . -Eg • • '© b © c3 . 53 53 53 M •P o © aa° . o *C.b Q 30 . .odea &.S S£.2£ *fc#i ! o" Pd. IP. c3 2 wp 1 3o g®*: eh p : a ®-gM-§£ £ 3 3,2 gop oO S.jb'go^ ffioc <3 P 2b Is Pa a D 22 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Names of the Executive Commissioners appointed by their respective Governments to take charge of the several Foreign Sections of the Exhibition. Name of Country. Name of Commissions. Netherlands Belgium - Prussia and Northern Ger¬ man States. Hesse - Baden - Wurtemberg Bavaria Austria - Switzerland Spain - Portugal - - Greece Denmark - Sweden and Norway - Russia - Italy - Papal States - Roumanian Principalities - Turkey Egypt Persia - China, Japan, Tunis, and Morocco. Siam - United States oe America - Brazil - J. W. L. Yan Oordt, conseiller d’Etat, direc- teur de la Societe neerlandaise des Bateaux a vapeur, president de la commission royale. F. Fortamps, senateur, president de la com¬ mission royale. Herzog, conseiller intime au ministere du com¬ merce, commissaire royal. Fink, conseiller de commerce, commissaire. Le docteur R. Dietz, conseiller intime au ministere du commerce, president de la commission, et commissaire general. De Steinbeis, president du conseil central du commerce et de l’industrie, commissaire general. Paul Braun, conseiller au ministere du com¬ merce et des travaux publics, commissaire general. Le chevalier de Schaeffer, conseiller aulique, commissaire general. Feer-Herzog, membre du conseil national, commissaire general. Le marquis de Bedmar, commissaire royal. Le comte dAvila, pair du royaume, ministre de Portugal a Madrid, commissaire royal. Delyanis, ministre de Grece, president de la commission, commissaire general. Wolfhagen, chambellan, vice-president. De Fahnehjelm, chambellan au service de S. M. le roi de Siiede. Le chambellan Holterman, commissaire de Norwege. Robert de Thai, conseiller d’etat actuel, com¬ missaire. Le comte Amedee Chiavarina de Rubiana, commissaire royal. Le baron du Havelt, commissaire pontifical. Odobesco, commissaire. Salaheden-Bey, commissaire imperial. Charles Edmond Choiegkie, commissaire general. Aubergier, doyen de la Faculte des Sciences. De Clermont-Ferrand, commissaire. Le baron Jules de Lesseps, commissaire general. Grehan, consul, commissaire royal. Beckwith, commissaire general. Le baron du Penedo, envoye extaordinaire et ministre plenipotentiaire de S. M. l’em- pereur du Bresil a Londres, president de la Central and America. Southern commission. Victor Herran, ministre plenipotentiaire, president du syndicat des Republiques Americaines, commissaire de San-Salvador. Appendix (E) to Mr. Colds Report . 23 APPENDIX (E.) Names of the International Juries appointed by THEIR RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES. EXPOSITION UNIYERSELLE DE 1867, A PARIS. Commission Imperiale. Jury International.* Jury Special du Nouvel Ordre de Recompenses. PRESIDENTS. Son Exc. M. Rouher, Ministre d’etat, vice-president de la Commission imperiale.—F ranee. Son Exc. M. de Foreade la Roquette, Ministre de l’agriculture, du commerce et des travaux publics, vice-president de la Commission imperiale.—France. Son Exc. le marechal Vaillant, Ministre de la Maison de l’Empereur et des Beaux-Arts, vice-president de la Commission imperiale.—France. MEMBRES. Son Exc. M. Magne, membre du Conseil prive, senateur.—France. Son. Exc. M 6r Darboy, archeveque de Paris, grand aumonier de PEmpereur, senateur.—France. Son Exc. M. Schneider, President du Corps legislatif.—France. Alfred Le Roux, vice-president du Corps legislatif.—France. Paulin Talabot, depute au Corps legislatif.—France. F. Le Play, conseiller d’etat.—France. Ch. Faider, membre de l’Academie royale des sciences, lettres et beaux-arts de Belgique, ancien Ministre de la justice, premier avocat general a la Cour de cassation.—Pays-Bas et Belgique. Herzog, conseiller intime au Ministere du commerce, de l’industrie et des travaux publics.—Prusse et Etats du nord de l’Allemagne. De Steinbeis, president du Conseil royal de Wurtemberg pour le commerce et l’industrie.—Hesse, Bade, Wurtemberg et Baviere. Le chevalier de Schaeffer, conseiller aulique.—Autriche. J. J. Dubochet, vice-president de la Societe helvetique de bienfaisance, pre¬ sident du Comite executif de l’Asile suisse des vieillards, a Paris.—Suisse. Le comte d’Avila, pair du royaume de Portugal, Ministre de S. M. le roi de Portugal, a Madrid.—Portugal et Grece. Le comte de Moriana, marquis de Cilleruelo.—Espagne. Le docteur Charles Dickson, membre du Storthing.—Danemark, Suede et Norwege. Suppleant: De Fahnehjelm, chambellan au service de S. M. le roi de Suede et de Norwege. V. de Parochine, professeur d’economie politique.—Russie. Le chevalier Marco Minghetti, depute au Parlement italien, ancien president du Conseil des Ministres, membre correspondant de l’lnstitut de France.— Italie. * The names of persons who made special reports for the British Government are added in italics. D 2 Names of j urors for New Order of Reward. 24 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Jury for New Order of Reward. Jury for "Fine Arts (Paintings). Son Exc. Djemil-Pacha, ambassadeur de Turquie, a Paris.—Principautes roumaines, Turquie, Egypte, Perse, Tunis et Maroc. Moukafouyama Hayatochau, plenipotentiaire de S. M. le Taicoun du Japon.— Japon.—Chine.—Siam. Charles Perkins.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Le baron du Penedo, envoye extraordinaire et ministre plenipotentiaire de S. M. 1’Empereur du Bresil a Londres.—Amerique centrale et meridionale. SECRETAIRES. De Chancourtois, ingenieur en chef et professeur a l’Ecole imperiale des Mines, membre du Jury international de 1855, secretaire de la Commission imperiale. E. Cumenge, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines, secretaire-adjoint de la Commission imperiale. SECRETAIRES DES ENQUETES. Leon Donnat, ingenieur des mines, secretaire de la Societe Internationale d’economie sociale. r F. Monnier, auditeur au Conseil d’Etat. L. Lefebure, auditeur au Conseil d’JEtat. Adjoint: Albert Mathieu. Jury des Beaux-Arts. Premier Groupe du Systeme de Classification.— (Euvres d’Art. JURYS DE CLASSE. PREMIERE SECTION.—CLASSE 1 ET 2 REUNIES. Peinture et Dessin. Bida, artiste peintre.—France. Cabanel, artiste peintre, membre de l’lnstitut.—France. Fran^ais, artiste peintre.—France. Fromentin, artiste peintre.—France. Gerome, artiste peintre.—France. Le Marquis Maison.—France.—Vice-President. Meissonnier, artiste peintre, membre de l’lnstitut.—France. Pils, artiste peintre.—France. Fr. Reiset, conservateur des Musees imperiaux au Louvre.—France. Theodore Rousseau, artiste peintre.—France. Paul de Saint Victor.—France. Xe comte Welles de Lavalette.—France. J. Wittering.—Pays-Bas. D e Laveleye.—B elgique.—Secretaire. E. Magnus, professeur, membre de l’Academie royale des beaux-arts, a Berlin. —Prusse et J&tats de l’Allemagne du nord. Th. Horschelt.—Baviere. Ed. Engerth, professeur a l’Academie des beaux-arts.—Autriehe. Gleyre.—Suisse. Benito Soriano y Murillo.—Espagne. De Dardel.—Suede. Bruni, recteur de l’Academie imperiale des beaux-arts de Saint Petersbourg.— Russie. Le chevalier Morelli.—Italic. Le chevalier Bertini.—Italie. W. F. Hoppin.—^tats-Unis d’Amerique. Lord Hardinge.—Grande-Bretagne. —President. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Colds Report 25 Suppleant: John Leslie Esq. Royal Academy (C. W. Cope , R.A.~)—Reporter to H.M. Government. Hon. Spencer Cowper.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: S. Vincent, Esq. Royal Academy (./. C. Horsley , R.A.~)—Reporter to H.M. Government. DEUXIEME SECTION.—CLASSE 3. Sculpture. Barye, sculpteur.—Erance. Cavelier, sculpteur, membre de l’lnstitut.—Erance. Dumont, sculpteur, membre de l’lnstitut.—France.—Vice-President. Jouffroy, sculpteur, membre de l’lnstitut.—Erance. Theophile Gautier. —France.—Secretaire. Guillaume, sculpteur, membre de l’lnstitut.—France. Michaux, chef de la section des beaux-arts a la Prefecture de la Seine.— Erance. Loos.—Belgique. E. TYolf, professeur, membre de l’Academie des beaux-arts, Home.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. S. Exc. le marquis de Bedmar.—Espagne.—President. Le docteur Zambacos.—Grece. Le chevalier Jean Dupre.—Italie. Victor Schnetz.--Etats pontificaux. J. P. Kennedy,—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. A. H. Layard, Esq., M.P.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: W. Calder Marshall, Esq., R.A. Royal Academy (JR. Westmacott, R.A., F.R.S.)—Reporter to H.M. Govern¬ ment. TROISIEME SECTION.—CLASSE 4. Architecture. Ballu, architecte.—Erance. Duban, architecte, membre de l’lnstitut.—France.—President. Due, architecte, membre de l’lnstitut.—France. Le baron de Guilhermy.—France. Albert Lenoir.—France.—Secretaire. R. Cremer, architecte, conseiller, a Aix-la-Chapelle.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. r Fr. Schmidt, professeur d’architecture a l'Ecole des beaux-arts.—Autriche. Le docteur Rota.—Grece. A. Mariette-Bey.—Egypte. R. M. Hunt.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. James Fergusson, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Lieut.-col. Scott, R. E. Professor Donaldson.—Reporter to H. M. Government. Jury for Sculpture. Jury for Architec¬ ture. QUATRIEME SECTION.—CLASSE 5. Gravure et Litiiographie. Le vicomte II. DelaoGrde, conservateur des Estampes a la Bibliotheque im- Uny for periale.—France.—Vice-President. ai^dLitluf- Henriquel-Dupont, graveur, membre de l’lnstitut.—France.—President. graphy. Marcille.—France.—Secretaire. Achille Martinet, graveur, membre de Plnstitut.—France. Mouilleron, lithographe.—France. Ehrhardt, professeur a Dresde.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. F. Leslie.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Jul. Marshall, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Captain Hichens, R. E.—Grande-Bretagne. J. Marshall, Esq.—Reporter to H. M. Government. 2G Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Group jury. Jury for Printing and Books. Jury for Paper, Sta¬ tionery, and Binding. Jury for application of Drawing, &c. to com¬ mon arts. JURY DE GROUPE. President. Le comte de Nieuwerkerke, senateur, surintendant des Beaux-Arts, membre de la Commission imperiale. Membres. Les membres des 4 sections du Jury. Secretaires. Le marquis de Chennevieres, conservateur-adjoint des Musees imperiaux, charge des expositions d’art, chef de service. Le comte Clement de Bis, secretaire-adjoint du Jury des Beaux-Arts de l’Ex- position universelle de 1855. Buon, inspecteur-adjoint des Beaux-Arts. Jury de l’Agriculture et de l’Industrie. 2 e Groupe. MATERIEL ET APPLICATION DES ARTS LIBERAUX. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 6.— Produits d’imprimerie et de librairie. Le vicomte de la Gueronniere, senateur.—France.—President. Derenemesnil, chef du Service des travaux a lTmprimerie imperial.—France.— Rapporteur. Jamar, membre de la Chambre des representants, membre du Jury inter¬ national de 1862.—Belgique. Varrentrapp v docteur, professeur a l’Ecole poly technique, a, Brunswick.— Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Secretaire. George Clowes, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Rivers Wilson, Esq. Rev. W. Brookfield , Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 7.— Ob jets de papeterie ; reliures ; materiel des arts de la peinture et du dessin. Anselme Petetin, conseiller d’Etat, directeur de lTmprimerie imperiale. Suppleant: Kleber, fabricant de papiers. Roulhac, negociant, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Paris.—France.—Vice-President. E. Hosch, fabricant, a Diiren.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.— President. H. Meynier, fabricant de papier, a Fiume.—Autriche. Warren de la Rue, F. R. S.—Grande-Bretagne.—Secretaire rapporteur. Suppleant: F. Hankey, Esq. Dr. Appell, Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 8. —Application du dessin et de la plastique Aux arts USUELS. Baltard, membre de l’lnstitut.—France.—Rapporteur. Ed. Taigny, maitre des requetes au Conseil d’Etat.—France.—Secretaire. Antoine Bovy, graveur.—Suisse. R. Redgrave, R. A.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Suppleant: H. A. Bowler, Esq. R. Redgrave , R. A.—Reporter to H. M. Government. Appendix (JE) to Mr. Colds Report. 27 CLASSE 9.— Epreuves et appareils de photographie. Le comte Olympe Aguado, membre de la Societe de photographie.—France.— President. Niepce de Saint-Victor.—France. H. Vogel, docteur, professeur a 1’Academic polytechnique a Berlin.—Prusse et Etat s de 1’Allemagne du nord.—Secretaire rapporteur. A. Melingo, conseiller municipal, a Vienne.—Autriche.—Vice-President. W. A. Adams.—Etats-Unis. Suppleant: W. A. Hoppin. Dr. Hugh W. Diamond.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Lieut.-col. C. Gordon, R. E. Dr. Diamond and C. T. Thompson, Esq.—Reporters to H. M. Government. CLASSE 10.— Instruments de musique. Le general Mellinet, senateur, commandant superieur de la garde nationale de la Seine.—France.—President. Ambroise Thomas, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Conservatoire imperial de musique et de declamation.—France.—Vice-President. Kastner, membre de l’lnstitut.—France. Fetis, membre de l’Academie royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts, directeur du Conservatoire royal de musique de Bruxelles, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—Belgique.—Rapporteur. Suppleant: Gevaert, compositeur de musique. Jules Schiedmayer, fabricant d’instruments de musique a Stuttgard.—Wur- temberg. E. Hanslick, docteur, professeur de l’histoire de la musique a PUniversite de V ienne.—Autri che.—Secretaire. Lord-Gerald Fitzgerald.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Hon. Seymour Egerton. F. Clay, Esq., Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 11.— Appareils et instruments de l’art medical, ambulances CIVILES ET MILITAIRES. Nelaton, chirurgien ordinaire de l’Empereur, professeur a la Faculte de medecine de Paris, membre de l’Academie imperiale de medecine.—France. —President. Tardieu, president de l’Academie imperiale de medecine, professeur a la Faculte de medecine de Paris, medecin consultant de l’Empereur, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Thomas W. Evans, medecin dentiste de S. M. l’Empereur,—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Sir J. F. Olliffe, M.D.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President ; and— Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 12.— Instruments de Precision et Materiel de l’enseignement des Sciences. Milne-Edwards, membre de l’lnstitut, doyen de la faculte des sciences de Paris, professeur au Museum d’histoire naturelle, membre du Jury inter¬ national de 1855.—France.—President. Foucault, membre de l’lnstitut, physicien de l’Observatoire imperial de Paris, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France. Lissajous, professeur au lycee Saint-Louis, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. G. Magnus, membre de l’Academie royale des sciences, conseiller intime, professeur de PUniversite, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de PAllemagne du nord.—Vice-President. r Le professeur Barnard.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. C. Brooke, Esq. F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Lt.-Col. Strange, F.R.S. C. R. Weld, Esq.—Reporter to II.M. Government. Jury for Photo¬ graphy. Jury for Musical Instru¬ ments. Jury for Surgical In¬ struments. Jury for Mathe¬ matical and Philo- sophical In¬ struments. Jury for Maps, &c. Group jury. Jury for Fancy Fiu'- niture. Jury for Upholstery and Decora¬ tive Work. 28 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. CLASSE13.— Cartes et Appareils de Geographie et de Cosmographie. Le vice-amiral Paris, membre de l’lnstitut, directeur general du Depot des cartes de la marine, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Vice- President. Ferri Pisani, colonel d’etat-major.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. H. W. Dove, membre de l’Academie royale des sciences, conseiller intime, professeur de l’Universite, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—President. Capt. G. H. Richards, R.N., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : Lt.-Col. Cooke, R.E. Lt.~Col. Cooke, R.E., F.R.G.S.—Reporter to H.M. Government. Jury de Groupe. Presidents. Elie de Beaumont, senateur, secretaire perpetuel de FAcademie des sciences, inspecteur general des mines. Membre de la Commission imperiale.— France.—President. Feer-Herzog, membre du Conseil federal.—Suisse.—Vice-President. Lord Houghton.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant : Baillie Cochrane, Esq., M.P. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 8 jurys de classes. Secretaires. Ad. Focillon, professeur de l’Universite, membre du Jury international de 1855, chef de service. Grateau, ingenieur civil des mines. Monod de Montricher, attache a la Commission imperiale. Privat-Deschanel, professeur de l’Universite. Davanne, membre du Comite d’admission. 3 e Groupe. MEUBLES ET AUTRES OBJETS DESTINES A L’HABITATION. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 14.— Meubles de luxe. Du Sommerard, directeur du musee des Thermes et de l’hotel de Cluny, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. Williamson, administrateur du mobilier de la Couronne.—France. W. Knussmann, fabricant de meubles, a Mayence.—Hesse. Fr. Stache, architecte.—Autriche. Le comte Finocchietti, gouverneur du palais de S.M. le roi d’ltalie, membre de la Commission royale.—Italie. J. H. Pollen, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne Secretaire rapporteur. Suppleant: Owen Jones, Esq. J. H. Pollen, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 15.— OUYRAGES DE TAPISSIER ET DE DECORATEUR. Gustave de Rothschild.—France. Dieterle, artiste peintre decorateur, membre du Jury international de 1855, membre du Conseil de perfectionnement du Conservatoire des arts et metiers.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. E. Romberg, vice-president de la Commission beige de 1867, directeur general honoraire des Beaux-Arts, des Lettres et des Sciences.—Belgique.— President. M. Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A.—Grande-Bretagne; and— Reporter to H.M. Government. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Colds Report 29 CLASSE 16.— Cristaux, verrerie de luxe et vitraux. Peligot, membre r de l’Institut, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers et a l’Ecole imperiale centrale des arts et manufactures, membre des jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. Georges Bontemps, ancien fabricant.—France.—Rapporteur. Jonet, membre de la Chambre des representants, vice-president du Comite des maitres verriers du Ilainaut, membre du Jury international de 1862.— Belgique. Hasenclever, docteur, directeur general de la societe anonyme Rhenania, a Aix-la-Chapelle.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Rasch, fabricant.—Autricbe. E. W. Cooke, R.A., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Henry Chance, Esq. Henry Chance , Esq. and Qambier Parry, Esq. (Glass painting).—Reporters to H.M. Government. CLASSE 17.— PORCELAINES, FAIENCES ET AUTRES POTERIES DE LUXE. Regnault, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au College de France et a l’Ecole polytechnique, directeur de la Manufacture imperiale de Sevres.—France.— President. Dommartin, negociant, juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France. Chandelon, professeur a 1'Universite de Liege, membre de l’Academie royale de medecine, membre du Jury international de 1862.—Belgique.—Secretaire rapporteur. , Paul March, fabricant, a Charlottenbourg.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Germain Halphen.—Chine. Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: J. C. Robinson, Esq., F.S.A. L. Arnoux, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 18.— Tapis, tapisseries, et autres tissus d’ameublement. Badin, directeur des Manufactures imperiales des Gobelins et de Beauvais membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. Carlhian, negociant, president de la Chambre syndicale des tissus.—France.— Secretaire. r F. Leisler, fabricant, a Hanau.—Prusse et Etats de PAllemagne du nord_ Rapporteur. De Carauza, ingenieur, ancien directeur de la verrerie imperiale ottomane, professeur de chimie.—Turquie. Adalbert de Beaumont.—Perse. Peter Graham, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. M. Dighy Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 19.— Papiers peints. Aldrophe, architecte de la Commission imperiale, membre du Jury interna¬ tional de 1862.—France.—President. Delicourt, ancien fabricant, president du Conseil des prud’hommes de Paris (produits chimiques).—France.—Vice-President. J. G. Crace, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Secretaire rapporteur. M. Diyhy Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 20. — Coutellerie. Le general Guiod, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.— France.—President. Dubocq, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des mines, membre du Jury international de 1862, a Strasbourg.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. K. Karmarsch, docteur, directeur de l’Ecole poly technique, a Hanovre.— Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Vice-President. Wm. Slade.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Jury for Glass and Enamels. Jury for Pottery. Jury for Carpets, Tapestry, &c. Jury for Paper Hang¬ ings. Jury for Cutlery. Jury for Gold and Silver Plate. Jury for Bronzes, &c. Jury for Clocks and Watches. Jury for Heating and Lighting. Jury for Perfumery. 30 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Suppleant : Charles H. May. G. Wostenholm, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: C. Asprey, Esq. CLASSE 21. — Oreevrerie. Son Exc. le due de Cambaceres, grand maitre des ceremonies, senateur.— France.—President. P. Christofle, orfevre.—Prance.—Secretaire rapporteur. G. Hossauer, ancien orfevre du Roi, r artiste regu a l’Academie royale des Beaux-Arts, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Vice- President. Percy Doyle, Esq., C.B.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : G. J. Cayley, Esq. G. J. Cayley, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 22.—Bronzes d’art, eontes d’art diverses, objets en METAUX REPOUSSES. Le baron de Butenval, senateur.—France.—President. Barbedienne, fabricant, president de la Reunion des fabricants de bronzes et des industries de Part plastique.—France.—Rapporteur. L. Ravene, negociant, membre de la Chambre de commerce, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord_Secretaire. Le chevalier de Friedland, membre du Comite consultatif du Musee I. R. de l’industrie et des beaux-arts.—Autriche.—Vice-President. Yekoussima Magotarou, secretaire de la mission japonaise.—Japon. G. Wallis, Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 23. — Horlogerie. Laugier, membre de PInstitut, membre du Bureau des longitudes, membre du Jury international de 1862. —France.—President. Breguet, horloger, membre du Bureau des longitudes.—France.—Secretaire. Le Docteur Frick, membre du Conseil superieur de l’instruction publique, membre du Jury international de 1862.—Bade. El. Wartmann, professeur de physique a l’Academie de Geneve, membre du Jury international de 1855. —Suisse.—Rapporteur. Ch. A. Wille, fabricant d’horlogerie a la Chaux-de-Fonds.—-Suisse. C. Frodsham, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. C. R. Weld, Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 24_ Appareils et procedes de chaueeage et d’eclairage. Clerget, membre du Conseil de la societe d’encouragement, membre du Jury international de 1855. —France.—President. Camus, ingenieur au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, sous-directeur de la Compagnie parisienne du gaz.—France.—Secretaire. G. Stobwasser, fabricant, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. —Vice-President rapporteur. J. Tyndall, LL.D., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Amiral Ryder, C.B., R.N. Capt. Webber, R.E., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 25. — Parfumerie. Barreswil, membre du Comite consultatif des arts et manufactures, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —France.—Rapporteur. Aubry-Lecomte, commissaire-adjoint de la marine, conservateur de PExposi- tion permanente des colonies.—France.—Secretaire. Le colonel Essad-Bey, directeur des etudes militaires ottomanes a Paris.— Turquie.—Vice-President. Dr. Odling.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Sydney Whiting, Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. Appendix (JE.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 31 CLASSE 26.— Objets de maroquinerie, de tabletterie, et de VANNERIE. Wolowski, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.— France.—President. Louis Aucoc, fabricant.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Ch. Stoelzel, president de la Societe industrielle de Nuremberg, et professeur a l’Ecole provinciale de l’industrie.—Baviere. J. J. Bauer, negociant, membre de la Chambre de commerce, conseiller de la Bourse, conseiller I.R.—Autriche. J. Stanley, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President Suppleant : F. West, Esq. Sydney Whiting , Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. S.A.R. le Prince de Hohenzollem-Sigmaringen.—President. Suppleant: le due de Vale^ay et de Sagan.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Deniere, ancien president du Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, et membre du Conseil municipal de Paris. Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France. —Vice-President. Le baron de Burg, conseiller aulique.—Vice-President.—Autriche. Membres. M. les Presidents et rapporteurs des 13 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Ad. Focillon, chef de service. Philippe Delaroche, attache au Ministere des affaires etrangeres. Aime Girard, repetiteur de chimie a l’Ecole poly technique. Hardy, architecte. Elysee Ollivier, attache au secretariat du Jury international de 1855. Louis Ser, ingenieur de 1’Administration de 1’Assistance publique. 4 e Groupe. VETEMENTS (TISSUS COMPRIS) ET AUTRES OBJETS PORTES PAR LA PERSONNE. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 27.— Fils et tissus de coton. Gustave Roy, negociant, membre du Comite consultatif des arts et manufac¬ tures.—France.—President. Fauquet-Lemaitre, manufacturier, a Bolbec.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Henri Loyer, manufacturier, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Lille, vice-president du Comite des filateurs du Nord.—France. Jules Koechlin, manufacturier, a Mulhouse.—France. F. Wplff, fabricant, membre de la Chambre de commerce, a Gladbach.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Ch. Zimmermann.—Autriche. De Gonzenbach, president du Directoire commercial, a Saint-Gall.—Suisse. Scherer, membre du Conseil des manufactures.—Russie. Malcolm Ross, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Manchester Chamber of Commerce (J. O. Murray , Esq .), Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 28.— Fils et tissus de lin et de chanvre. Varin, negociant.—France.—Vice-President. Legentil fils, membre du Comite consultatif des arts et manufactures.— France. Jury for Leather, &c. Group Jury. Jury for Cotton, Thread, &c. Jury for Linen. Jury for Combed Wool. Jury for Carded Wool. Jury for Silk. 32 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Casse, manufacturier, a Lille.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. De Brabandere, ancien fabricant, membre suppleant du Jury international de 1862.—Belgique. , G. Mevissen, conseiller intime.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.— President. Charles Lang, fabricant de tissus de lin, a Blaubeuren.—Wurtemburg. A. Regenhardt, membre de la Chambre de commerce, conseiller I.R., vice- president de la Societe des industriels de Yienne.—Autriche. William Spotten, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Georges Wallis, Esq. Belfast Chamber of Commerce (J. Slevelly, Esq.'). Reporter to H.M. Govern¬ ment. CLASSE 29.— Fils et tissus de laine peignee. G. Larsonnier, fabricant, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Paris, mem¬ bre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—President. J. E. Charles Seydoux, manufacturier, au Cateau (Nord).—France.—Rap¬ porteur. H. Delattre pere, ancien manufacturier, membre du Jury international de 1855, a Roubaix (Nord).—France. De Brunet, negociant, membre de la Chambre de commerce et du Conseil municipal de Reims, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France. A. Ledeboer, fabricant, a Tilbourg.—Pays-Bas. Winkler, fabricant, a Rochlitz (Saxe).—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Nemesio Singla.—Espagne.—Secretaire. Le chevalier A. Rossi, depute au parlement italien, membre de la Commission royale, fabricant de draperies a Schio.—Italie. W. Morris, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: J. Law, Esq. Bradford Chamber of Commerce ( Chas. Stead, Alfred Illingworth, Motley Waud , J. V. Godwin, Esquires ), Reporters to II. M. Government. CLASSE 30.— Fils et tissus de laine cardee. De Montagnac, fabricant, depute au Corps legislatif.—France. Guillaume Petit, ancien manufacturier, depute au Corps legislatif, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Vice-President. Yauquelin, fabricant.—France.—Rapporteur. Laoureux, membre du Senat, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—Belgique.—President. Suppleant : Offermann, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Yerviers. J.-H. Plardt, negociant, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Le chevalier Gustave de Scholler, fabricant.—Autriche.—Secretaire. Ramiro Larcher.—Portugal. C. F. Lundstroem, fabricant, a Carlovik, pres Stockholm.—Suede. Andreieff, membre du Conseil des manufactures.—Russie. Edward Huth, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : H. S. Way, Esq. Leeds Chamber of Commerce {Geo. Leach, Thomas Nussey, Esqrs.), Reporters: to H.M. Government. CLASSE 31.— Fils et tissus de soie. Alphonse Payen, negociant, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Paris, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. Jules Raimbert, negociant.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Girodon, ancien membre de la Chambre de commerce de Lyon, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France. Antoine Harpke, membre de la Chambre de commerce, conseiller I. R.— Autriche. Eug. Battier, de Bale, membre du Jury international de 1855.— Suisse. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Coles Report. 33 Le commandeur J.-B. Tasca, president de ia Chambre de commerce de Turin. —Italie. Sir B. S. Phillips.—Vice-President.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: C. Haden, Esq. Leone Levi, Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 32.—Chales. Germain Thibaut, ancien fabricant, syndic du Conseil municipal de la Seine, Jury for membre du Jury international de 1855. —France.—President. Shawls. Gaussen, ancien fabricant, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855 et 1862. —France.—Rapporteur. D. Gerson, negociant, a Paris.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.— Secretaire. W. H. Clabburn, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant:—F. P. Hoare, Esq. Leone Levi , Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 33.—Dentelles, tulles, broderles et passementeries. Louvet, ancien fabricant, president du Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.— Jury for France.—Secretaire; rapporteur. Lace. Lievin-Delhaye, ancien fabricant, membre du Jury international de 1855, a Calais.—France. Felix Aubry, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.— President. Duhayon-Brunfant, fabricant de dentelles, a Bruxelles et a Ypres, membre du Jury international de 1862. —Belgique.—Vice-President. J.-H.-A. Bergmann, fabricant, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Kursteiner, manufacturier, a Saint-Gall.—Suisse. De Launay, attache au Conseil des travaux publics, membre de la Commission ottomane.—Turquie. Daniel Biddle, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Thomas Ball, Esq. Mrs. Palliser and Leone Levi , Reporters to H.M. Government. CLASSE 34. — Articles de bonneterie et de lingerie, objets acces- SOIRES DU VETEMENT. E. Tailbouis, fabricant.—France.—Rapporteur. Duvelleroy, fabricant.—France.—President. Carcenac, ancien negociant, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine. —France. Kindt, inspecteur general de l’industrie, ancien membre des Jurys interna¬ tionaux de 1855 et 1862. —Belgique_Vice-President. Th. Esche, fabricant, a Leimbach (Saxe).—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. L.-J. Groen, manufacturier, a Copenhague.—Danemark. A. J. Mundella, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Leone Levi , Reporter to H.M. Government. Jury for Hosiery. CLASSE 35.— Habillements des deux sexes. A. Dusautoy, fournisseur d’habillements pour les armees, membre de Conseil Jury for general de l’Yonne.—France.—President. Clothing. Ch. Petit, fabricant.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Latour, fabricant.—France. Laville, fabricant.—France. Balsan, fabricant, a Chateauroux.—France. Hermann Schmidt, fabricant, a Pirmasens.—Baviere. Fred. Uhl.—Autriche.—Vice-President. De Boutowski, directeur du Departement du commerce et des manufactures.— Russie. Lieut.-col. Hudson.—Grande-Bretagne. Leone Levi, Reporter to H.M. Government. I \ 34 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Jury for Jewellery. Jury for Portable Weapons. Jury for Travelling Equipage. Jury for Toys. Group Jury. CLASSE 36. — JoAILLERI, BIJOUTERIE. Fossin, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—Vice-President. Baugrand, joaillier-bijoutier, juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.— France.—Rapporteur. Georges Ehni, chef d’une maison d’exportation de bijouterie, a Stuttgard.— Wurtemberg. Le comte Dudley.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Suppleant: N. S. Maskelyne, Esq. N. S. Maskelyne, Esq. Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 37.— Armes portatiyes. Le general baron Treuille de Beaulieu, membre du Jury international de 1862. —President. Suppleant: Maldan, chef d’escadron d’artillerie, directeur de l’atelier des modeles d’armes au depot central. Alexandre Fouquier, maitre des requetes au Conseil d’Etat.—France.— Secretaire. Neuens, colonel de l’etat-major de l’artillerie, directeur de la fonderie royale de canons de Liege.—Belgique.—Rapporteur. Suppleant : Vautier, capitaine commandant d’artillerie, professeur a l’Ecole militaire de Belgique. , F. Weyersberg, fabricant, a Solingen.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Godoline, general-major, membre du Comite d’artillerie.—Russie. Major-gen. Sir \V. Gordon, K.C.B., R.E.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Major-Gen, C. Dickson, C.B., R.A. Lt.-Col. Owen, R.A., Major Leahy, R.E., Capt. Majendie, R.A.—Reporters to H.M. Government. CLASSE 38. — Ob jets de Voyage et de Campement. Alexis Godillot, fabricant.—France. Teston, chef de bureau au Ministere de la guerre, commissaire de l’exposition permanente de l’Algerie.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. S. E. Mr. Elorza y Aguirre.—Espagne.—President. Sir S. Baker.—Grande-Bretagne. Edward Page, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: MacLeod of MacLeod. Sir S. Baker.—Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 39. — Bimbeloterie. Jules Delbruck, auteur d’ouvrages speciaux.—France. —Secretaire rapporteur. Trelon, ancien fabricant, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre du Jury international de 1855. —France.—President. Guthmann, professeur a l’Ecole des arts et metiers, a Chemnitz (Saxe).—• Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. G. C. T. Bartley, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Le due de Manchester.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Suppleant: Right Hon. Sir W. Hutt, M.P., K.C.B. Arles Dufour, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Lyon, membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—Vice-President. Fortamps, membre du Senat, president de la Commission beige de l’Exposition universelle de 1867, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.— Belgique.—Vice-President. Membres-. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 13 Jurys de classe.—France. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Colds Report 85 Secretaires. Focillon, chef de service. Alfred Collin, negociant. Deschamps, ingenieur civil. Mimerel fils, manufacturer. Rondelet, fabricant de tissus. 5 e Geoupe. PRODUITS (BRUTS ET OUVRES) DES INDUSTRIES EXTRAC¬ TIVES. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 40.— Produits de Sexploitation des mines et de la METALLURGIE. De Billy, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des mines.—France. Daubree, membre de l’lnstitut, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des mines, professeur au Museum et a l’Ecole imperiale des mines, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Vice-President. Goldenberg, fabricant, membre des Jurys intemationaux de 1851, 1855 et 1862, au Zornhoff (Bas-Rhin).—France.—President. Rivot, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des mines, professeur et directeur des laboratoires et du Bureau des essais a l’Ecole des mines, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France. R. Bluhme, conseiller superieur des mines, a Bonn.—Prusse et Etats de l’Alle- magne du nord.—Rapporteur. J. A. C. das Neves Cabral.—Portugal. Le chevalier P. de Tunner, directeur de l’academie des mines de Leoben.— Autriche. K. Styffe, chef de l’lnstitut polytechnique, a Stockholm.—Suede.—Secretaire. Koulibine, ingenieur des mines, professeur a Plnstitut des Mines de Saint- Petersbourg.—Russie. Suppleant : Mestcherinoff, ingenieur des mines. Le Commandeur J. Curioni, secretaire de l’lnstitut lombard des sciences, lettres et arts.—Italic. L. Tenre, fils.—Republiques de l’Amerique centrale et meridionale. S. H. Blackwell, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Capt. W. S. Roden. Dr. Ansted , F.R.S.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 41.— Produits des exploitations et des industries EORESTIERES. Le marquis de Vibraye, proprietaire sylviculteur, correspondant de l’lnstitut, membre de la Societe imperiale et centrale d’agriculture.—France.— President. Des Meloizes, conservateur des forets a Bourges.—France.—Rapporteur. Joseph "VVessely, inspecteur general des domaines.—Autriche.—Vice-President. Ths. Joh. Heftye.—Norwege. Emile Fournier.—Bresil.—Secretaire. Hon. F. D. M’Gee.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: P. L. Simmonds, Esq. P. L. Simmonds, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 42.— Produits de la chasse, de la peche et des cueillettes. Duchartre, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur a la Faculte des sciences de Paris. —France. —President. Servant, negociant.—France.—Secretaire. Joseph Provenzal, consul de Grece a Bordeaux.—Grece. Le baron de Bonnemains, maire du 16 e arrondissement, ancien inspecteur des finances.—Turquie.—Rapporteur. Jury for Mining and Metallurgy. Jury for Products of Forests. Jury for Shooting and Fishing. 36 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Jury for Agricultural Products (uot used as food). Jury for Chemical Products. Jury for Dyeing and Printing. Bajanoff, professeur a l’lnstitut agricole de Saint-Petersbourg.—Russie. J oao Martins da Silva Continho.—Bresil. Prof. Wyville Thomson, F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Major Michael, M.S.C. Prof. Thomson.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 43. — Produits agricoles (non alimentaires) de facile CONSERVATION. Lestiboudois, conseiller d’Etat.—France.—President. Moll, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855 r ,et 1862.—France.—Rapporteur. Victor Borie, redacteur en chef de “ l’Echo agricole.”—France. D. R. Gevers Deynoot, avocat, secretaire de la Societe agricole de la Hollanie, membre de la Commission royale des Pays-Bas.—Pays-Bas. De Langsdorff, secretaire de la Societe agricole de Bade.—Bade. Hecke.—Autriche. Le chevalier Philippe Parlatore, professeur de botanique a l’lnstitut royal de perfectionnement pour les etudes superieures, a Florence.—Italie.—Vice- President. Barral, directeur du journal “ 1’ Agriculture.”—Turquie.—Secretaire. J. G. Wehner.—Republiques de 1’Amerique centrale et meridionale. D. Hanbury, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Dr. T. Thomson , F.R.S.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 44. — Produits ciiimiques et pharmaceutiques. Balard, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au College de France et a la Faculte des sciences, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.— France.—Rapporteur. Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, membre de l’lnstitut, maitre des conferences a l’Ecole normale superieure, professeur a la Sorbonne, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France. Daguin, ingenieur civil, directeur gerant de la Societe des salines de Saint- Nicolas (Meurthe), juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France.— Secretaire. Von Baumhauer, membre de l’Academie des sciences des Pays-Bas et des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—Pays-Bas. L.-A.-H. Kunheim, docteur, fabricant, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Alle- magne du nord. Le professeur de Fehling, conseiller intime a Stuttgard.—Wurtemburg.— President. Le docteur Schrotter, professeur.—Autr’che. J. A. Beck, conseiller de justice. — Dane mark. Danielsen, medecin en chef, laureat de l’lnstitut de France.—Norwege. Dr. Frankland, F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Dr. David Price. Dr. Hofmann , Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 45. — Specimens des procedes chimiques de blanchiment, de TEINTURE, D’lMPRESSION ET d’APPRET. Persoz, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, directeur de la condition des soies et des laines, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.—France.—President. Aime Boutarel, teinturier, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.— Vice-President. Le docteur Aug. Kekule, professeur a 1’Universite de Gand.—Belgique. L. Reichenheim, fabricant, membre de la Chambre de commerce, a Berlin.— Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. , P. Bolley, commissaire suisse a l’Exposition de 1851, professeur a l’Ecole polytechnique de Zurich.—Suisse.—Rapporteur. Sir Robert Kane, F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : Dr. Cameron. Prof. Bolley , Reporter to H.M. Government. Appendix {E) to Mr. Cole's Report. 37 CLASSE 46.— Cuirs et peaux. Fauler, ancien fabricant, ancienjugeau Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.—France.— President. Ricord, negociant, juge an Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France.— V ice-President. /.w;] Fr. Suess, fabricant, a Vienne.—Autriche.—Secretaire rapporteur. Finck, conseiller de commerce, a Darmstadt.—Hesse. Zinin, membre de l’Academie des sciences de Saint-Petersbourg.—Russie. Le caid Nyssim.—Maroc. Dr. Forbes Watson, A.M., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: J. Evershed, Esq. J. Evershed , Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Dumas, senateur, membre de l’Institut, membre de la Commission imperiale.— Pre sident.—Fran ce. A. W. Hofmann, docteur, membre de l’Academie royale des sriences, profes- seur de PUniversite, a Berlin.—Vice-President.—Prusse et Etats de l’Alle- magne du nord. , Le professeur J. Lawrence Smith.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique.—Vice-President. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 7 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Focillon, chef de service. Cavare fils, ingenieur. Fourcade, fabricant de produits chimiques. Edmond Fuchs, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines. Martelet, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines. 6 e Groupe. INSTRUMENTS ET PROCEDES DES ARTS USUELS. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 47.— Materiel et procedes de l’exploitation des mines ET DE LA METALLURGIE. C'allon, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des mines, professeur a l’j£cole des mines, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.— Rapporteur. Gustave Salmon fils, negociant, juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—■ France.—Secretaire. Lan, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France. Gernaert, inspecteur general des mines.—Belgique.—President. Suppleant : Van Scherpenzeel-Thym, ingenieur principal des mines. M. Braun, ingenieur en chef de la Societe la Vieille Montagne, a Moresnet.— Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant : C. Le Neve Foster, Esq. Warington W. Smyth, Esq., F.R.S., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 48.— Materiel et procedes des exploitations rurales et FORESTIERES. Le general Allard, president de section au Conseil d’Etat.—France.—Presi¬ dent. 1. E Jury for Leather. Group Jury. Jury for Mining and Metallurgi¬ cal Appara¬ tus. Jury for Agricultural Apparatus. Jury for Apparatus used in Pishing and Shooting. Jury for Processes used in Preparation of Pood. Jury for Apparatus used in Chemistry. 38 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Boitel, inspecteur general de l’agriculture.—-France. Herve-Mangon, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees* professeur au Conservatoire des arts et metiers, mernbre des Jurys interna- tionaux de 1855 et 1862.— France. Leclerc, inspecteur general de l’agriculture et des chemins vicinaux, mernbre du Jurys internationaux de 1862. —Belgique.—Secretaire rapporteur. Suppleant: de Mathelin, vice-president du Conseil superieur d’agriculture de Belgique. Juhlin-Dannfelt, mernbre rapporteur de l’Academie royale d’agriculture, a Stockholm.—Suede. r Dr. Adalbert Fuchs, professeur a l’Ecole polytechnique de Yienne.—Autriche. —Vice-President. TcherniaiefF, directeur du Musee agricole de Saint-Petersbourg.—Russie. Jacob Wilson, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Thomas Webb, Esq. CLASSE 49. — Engins et instruments de la ciiasse, de la peche et DES CUEILLETTES. Coste, mernbre de l’lnstitut, professeur au College de France, inspecteur general des peches.—France.—President. Coumes, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, presi¬ dent du Comite departemental du Bas-Rhin.—France.—Rapporteur. Paul Calon, consul de Danemark a Paris.—Danemark. Col. Hon. H. F. Keane.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Major Edwards, R.E. Major Edwards, R.E., and Wentworth L. Cole, Esq., Reporters to H.M. Government. CLASSE 50. — Materiel et procedes des usines agricoles et des industries alimentaires. Boussingault, mernbre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Conservatoire des arts et metiers, mernbre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —France.— President. , Loeuilliet, directeur de l’Ecole imperiale d’agriculture de la Saulsaie.—France. —Secretaire. Le comte Robert de Pourtales proprietaire-agriculteur a Bandeville pres Dour- dan (Seine-et-Oise).—France.—Rapporteur. Le Dr. Kraemer, secretaire general des cornices agricoles du grand-duche de Hesse.—Hesse. Le chevalier Gaetan Cantoni, professeur d’agriculture au Musee royal industriel de Turin.—Italie.—Vice-President. James C. Amos, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: C. Wren Hoskyns, Esq. Professor T. C. Archer, Reporter to II. M. Government. CLASSE 51. — Materiel des arts chimiques de la pharmacie et de la Tannerie. Pelouze, mernbre de l’lnstitut, president de la Commission des monnaies et medailles, mernbre des Jury internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —France. Fremy, mernbre de Plnstitut, professeur a l’Ecole poly technique et au Museum d’histoire naturelle, mernbre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et de 1862. — France.—President. L. Grandeau, docteur es sciences et docteur en medecine.—France.—Secre¬ taire rapporteur. Rudolph Wagner, professeur a Wurzbourgh.—Baviere.—Vice-President. J. P. Lesley, mernbre de l’Academie nationale.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Suppleant: Dr. T. Sterry-Hunt, F.R.S., mernbre du jury international de 1855. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Prof. T. C. Archer. Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., F.R.S., Reporter to H.M. Government. 39 Appendix (E.) to Mri Golds Report CLASSE 52. — Moteurs, generateurs et appareils mecaniques SPECIALEMENT ADAPTES AUX BESOINS DE L’EXPOSITION. Gouin, ingenieur constructeur, membre du Conseil municipal et de la Chambre de commerce de Paris.—France.—Vice-President. Jacqniin, ingenieur au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, professeur a l’Ecole des ponts et chaussees, directeur de 1’exploitation de chemin de ferde l’Est.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Mantion, ingenieur au corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—Belgique.—President. C. R. Goodwin.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique. Jo Scott Russell, Esq., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne.' Suppleant : Capt. Beaumont, R.E. J. Scott Bussell, Esq., F.R.S., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 53.—Machines et appareils de la mecanique generale. Combes, membre de l’Institut, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des mines, directeur de l’Ecole des mines, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862. —France.—President. Fourneyron, ingenieur civil.—France. Luuyt, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Secretaire. F. ^Reuleaux, professeur a l’Academie polytechnique, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Rapporteur. Diefenbach, ingenieur au Conseil royal pour l’industrie et le commerce.-— Wurtemberg. r Jenny, professeur a l’Ecole polytechnique de Vienne.—Autriche. Le comte de Caithness.—Grande-Bretagne. Robert Mallet, Esq., F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: John Anderson, Esq. R. Mallet, Esq., F.R.S., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 54.—Machines-outils. Le baron Benouard de Bussierre, depute au Corps legislatif, directeur de la Monnaie de Paris.—France. Le general Morin, membre de l’lnstitut, directeur du Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.—France.—President. Tresca, sous-directeur et professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Andries, professeur a l’Ecole speciale du genie civil de l’Universite de Gand. —Belgique. J. E. Holmes.—Etats-TJnis d’Amerique.—Vice-President. G. W. Hemans, Esq., F.R.G.S.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : John Anderson, Esq. J. Anderson, Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 55.—Materiel et procedes du fllage et de la corderie. Alcan, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. A. Mercier, constructeur-mecanicien, a Louviers.—France. G. Scribe, ancien constructeur de machines, membre de la Chambre de com¬ merce de Gand.—Belgique.—Secretaire rapporteur. J. Wild Siler, manufacturier a Zurich.—Suisse. Le commandeur J. de Luca, directeur des constructions navales.—Italie. R. D. Marshall, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. P. Le Neve Foster, Jun., Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 56.—Materiel et procedes du tissage. Nicolas Schlumberger, constructeur-mecanicien, a Guebwilier (Haut-Rhin).— France. Villeminot-Huard, manufacturier, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Reims, membre du Jury international de 1862,—France.—President. E 2 Jury for Machinery adapted to the Require¬ ments of the Exhibition. Jury for Machines in general. Jury for Machine Tools. Jury for Machinery used in Spinning. &c. Jury for Machinery used in Weaving. 40 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Jury fer Machinery used for making up Clothing. Jury for Machinery used in Manufac¬ ture of Fur¬ niture, &c. Jury for Machinery used in Paper Mak¬ ing, &c. Jury for Machinery used in various works. Jury for Carriages, &c. Henri Scrive, fabricant a Lille (Nord).—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Kankelwitz, professeur a l’Ecole des contre-maitres de fabriques, a Chemnitz (Saxe).—Prusse et .Etats l’Allemagne du nord. M. Curtis, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: R. Lloyd, Esq. P. Le Neve Foster , Jim., Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 57.— Materiel et procedes de la couture et de la CONFECTION DES VETEMENTS. Le baron Seguier, membre de l’lnstitut, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. M. Haas, fabricant. — France. — Secretaire. D’Aligny.—Etats-Unis d’Amerique.—Rapporteur. Peter Tait, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Capt. Ponsomby Cox, R.E. Capt. Hichens, R.E.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 58.— Materiel et procedes de la confection des objets de MOBILIER ET d’hABITATION. Bouniceau, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des pouts et chaussees.— France.—President. Renard, entrepreneur de travaux publics.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Le chevalier Gabriel Capello, dit Moncalvo, ancien fabricant, a Turin.—■ Italie. Lieut.-Col. Ewart, R.E.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Lieut. Chadwick , R.E .— Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 59.— Materiel et procedes de la papeterie, des teintures ET DES IMPRESSIONS. Charles Laboulaye, ancien fabricant, membre du Jury international de 1862.—• France.—President. F. Normand, ancien constructeur mecanicien.—France.—Rapporteur. Auguste Doumerc, directeur des papeteries du Marais de Sainte-Marie.— France.—Secretaire. Le chevalier Francis W ertheim, vice-president de la Chambre de commerce.— Autriche.—Vice-President. Wyndham S. Portal, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Rev. W. H. Brookfield. Capt. Beaumont, R.E.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 60.— Machines, instruments et procede usites dans divers TRAVAUX. Leblanc, maitre des requetes au Conseil d’Etat, vice-president du Comite de perfectionnement des lignes telegraphiques, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Ch. Callon, ingenieur civil, professor a l’Ecole centrale des arts et manu¬ factures.—France.—Vice-President. C. F. Beyer, Esq. —Grande-Bretagne.—President. Capt. Beaumont , R.E.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 61.— Carrosserie et charronnage. Louis Binder, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France.— President. Charles Lavollee, administrateur de la Compagnie generale des omnibus.— France. , Guillaume Mengelbier, fabricant, a Aix-la-Chapelle.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Secretaire. G. N. Hooper, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President rapporteur. Suppleant: Minion Campbell, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Coles Report. 41 CLASSE 62. — Bourellerie et sellerie. Le prince de Beauvau, depute au Corps legislatif.—France.—President. Noisette, ingenieur, directeur des ateliers et des constructions de la Compagnie generate des omnibus.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Della Yos, professeur a 1’Academic agricole de Moscou.—Russie.—Vice- President. Capt. Fenn.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Henry Goschen, Esq. Henry Goschen, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 63.— Materiel des chemins de eer. Gayant, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees.—France. —President. Eugene Flachat, ingenieur-conseil des chemins de fer de l’Ouest et du Midi, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —France. Couche, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des mines, professeur a l’Ecole des mines.—France.—Secretaire. Spitaels, ancien membre du Senat, et membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —Belgique.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Poncelet, ingenieur en chef des ponts et chaussees. Th. Weishaupt, ingenieur des chemins de fer, conseiller intime, au Ministere des travaux publics, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. H. D. Schmidt, constructeur de machines, a Vienne.—Autriche. Suppleant: Le chevalier Theodore de Goldschmidt, ingenieur de la Compagnie des chemins de fer du sud de PAutriche. J. E. M’Connell, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne.—Rapporteur. Suppleant: Sir Donald Campbell, Bart. Sir Donald Campbell , Bart.—Reporter to H. M. Government. CLASSE 64.—Materiel et procedes de la telegraphie. Le vicomte de Vougy, directeur general des lignes telegraphiques.—France.— President. Edmond Becquerel, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. — France.—Secretaire rapporteur. E. W. Siemens, docteur, fabricant, membre de la Chambre de commerce, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. G, Wheatstone, Esq., F.R.S.—Vice-President.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Lord Sackville Cecil. Robert Sabine , Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 65. — Materiel et procedes du genie civil, des travaux PUBLICS ET DE L’ARCHITECTURE. Reynaud, inspecteur general au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, pro¬ fesseur a l’Ecole polytechnique et a l’Ecole imperiale des ponts et chaussees. —France.—President. Viollet-Le-Duc, architecte.—France. Delesse, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des,mines, maitre de conferences a l’Ecole normale superieure, et professeur a l’Ecole des mines, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862. —France. Le baron Baude, ingenieur au Corps imperial ,des ponts et chaussees, pro¬ fesseur a l’Ecole des ponts et chaussees et a l’Ecole des beaux arts.—France. —Secretaire. B. Schoenfelder, ingenieur, conseiller intime, au Ministere des travaux publics, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—Vice-President rapporteur. Theophile Hauser, architecte.—Autriche. Le chevalier Antoine Cipolla, ingenieur.—Italie. C. H. Gregory, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Major A. Clarke, R.E. Henry Cole, C.B., Capt. Ponsonby Cox, R.E.—Reporters to HM. Government. Jury for Harness and Saddlery. Jury for Railway Apparatus. Jury for Telegraphic Apparatus. Jury for Civil Engi¬ neering. Jury for Navigation and Life Boats. Group Jury. Jury for Cereals. 42 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. CLASSE 66.— Materiel de la navigation et du sauvetage. De Freminville, sous-directeur de l’Ecole du genie maritime.-.—France.— Secretarie rapporteur. Augustin Normand, constructed au Havre.—France. Dumoustier, chef de division au Ministere de 1’agriculture, du commerce et des travaux publics.—France.—Vice-President. Van Oordt, president de la Commission royale des Pays-Bas.—Pays -Bas. Boutakov, vice-amiral, agent du Ministere de la marine, a Londres.—Russie. —President. Capt. F. Arrow.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Rev. J. Woolley, LL.D. C. W. Merrifield, Esq., F.R.S.—Reporter to H.M. Government . JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Du Puy de Lome, conseiller d’Etat, membre de l’lnstitut, membre de la Com¬ mission imperiale.—France.—President. Lefuel, membre de l’lnstitut, membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.— Vice-President. Lord Richard Grosvenor.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Hugh C. E. Childers, Esq. M.P. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 20 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Cheysson, ingenieur au Corps imperial des pouts et chaussees, chef de service* Hangard, ingenieur civil. Le Bleu, igneur au Corps imperial deS mines. Marin, ingenieur au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees. Henri Mathieu, ingenieur au chemin de fer du Midi. Jules Morandiere, ingenieur civil attache a la Compagnie du chemin de fer du Nord. Arnould Thenard, attache a la Commission imperiale de 1862. 7 e GROUPE. ALIMENTS (FRAIS OU CONSERVES) A DIVERS DEGRES DE PREPARATION. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 67.— Cereales et autres produits farineux comestibles, AVEC LEURS DERIVES. Darblay jeune, negociant, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Paris, depute au Corps legislatif.—France.—President. Porlier, chef de bureau au Ministere de l’agriculture, du commerce et des travaux publics, membre du Jury international de 1862_France.— Secretaire-Rapporteur. Eisner de Gronow, proprietaire, agriculteur, membre du Conseil central de l’agriculture, a Kalinowitz.—Prusse et Etats de FAllemagne du nord.— Vice-President. Le comte de Picalho.—Portugal. Le comte de Henri Zichy.—Autriche. Le Chevalier Targioni-Torzetti, professeur a l’lnstitut royal de perfeetionne- ment pour les etudes superieures, membre de la Commission royale.—Italic. Ohannes Effendi Tuyssuzian, membre de la Commission ottomane,—Turquie. • J. Druce, Esq.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant : C. Woolloton, Esq. Appendix (R.) to Mr. Coles Report. 43 CLASSE 68.— Produits de la boulangerie et de la patisserie. Husson, membre de l’lnstitut, directeur de PAdministration generale de Passistance publique, a Paris.—France.—President. Foubert, cbef de division au Ministere de l’agriculture, du commerce et des travaux publics.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Roman Uhl, boulanger de la cour.—Autriche. Le chevalier Joseph Orosi, professeur de chimie a l’Universite royale de Pise, membre de la Commission royale.—Italie. CLASSE 69.—Corps gras alimentaires, laitage et ceups. Wurtz, doyen de la Faculte de medecine, membre de l’Academie de medecine, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.—France.—President. Poggiale, membre de l’Academie de medecine et du Conseil de sante des armees, inspecteur general de la pharmacie militaire.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Jos. Repond, membre de la commission federale_Suisse. Le marquis E. Bertone de Sambuy, president du Comice agricole et de la Commission cenologique de Turin.—Italie. CLASSE 70.— Viandes et Poissons.- Payen, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Conservatoire imperial des arts et metiers et a l’Ecole centrale des arts et manufactures, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851, 1855, et 1862.—France.—President. A. Legendre, membre du Conseil municipal de Paris.—France. Christen Gran, consul.—Norwege. Martin de Moussy.—Republiques de FAmerique centrale et meridionale.— Secretaire rapporteur. CLASSE 71.— Legumes et Fruits. Mercier, juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France.—Secretaire. Suppleant : Bignon, proprietaire-agriculteur, rapporteur. Pepin, chef des cultures au Museum d’histoire naturelle, membre de la Societe imperiale et centrale d’agriculture.—France. Stoll, inspecteur royal des jardins, a Breslau.—Prusse et Etats de FAllemagne du nord. Suppleant : Le docteur Wittmack. Le marquis de Arcicolar.—Espagne.—President. Dr. Hogg. — Reporter to II.M. Government. CLASSE 72.— Condiments et stimulants, sucres et produits de la CONFISERIE. Menier, fabricant, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—President. Jacquin fils, fabricant.—France.—Rapporteur. L. Wrede, ancien fabricant, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. —Vice-President. Robert Florentin, fabricant de sucre de betteraves, a Saloviz.—Autriche. Le baron de Bertouch, chambellan du roi de Danemark.—Danemark. G. Moffatt, Esq., M.P.—Grande-Bretagne.—Secretaire. Suppleant: Eric Baker, Esq. CLASSE 73.— Boissons fermentees. Pasteur, membre de l’lnstitut, directeur des etudes scientiques a l’Ecole normale superieure, professeur a l’Ecole des beaux-arts.—France. Suppleant: Claudon, negotiant. Le comte Herve de Kergorlay, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1851 et 18 55.—France.—V ice-President. Teissonniere, membre du Conseil municipal de Paris, president de la Commis¬ sion des vins.—France.—Rapporteur. Jury for Bread and Pastry. Jury for Patty Sub¬ stances. Jury for Meat and Pish. Jury for Vegetables and Fruit. Jury for Condiments. Jury for Fermented Drinks. 44 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Group Jury. ^ u ry for Farm Build¬ ings. Jury for Horses, &c. Cattle, &c. D. Leiden, negociant, a Cologne.—Prusse et Etats d’Allemagne du nord.— President. Schlumberger.—Autriche. Louis Ormond, negociant et proprietaire-agriculteur, a Vevey.—Suisse. Le vicomte de Villa-Major.—Portugal. Hon. H. G. Howard.—Grande-Bretagne. ► Suppleant: E. L. Beckwith, Esq. E. L. Beckwith, Esq., Reporter to H.M. Government. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Le comte Edmond Zichy, membre du Comite consulatif du musee I. R. de l’industrie et des beaux-arts.—Autriche.—President. Le due d’Albufera, depute au Corps legislatif.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—Vice-President. Le comte Gori-Pannilini, senateur du royaume d’ltalie, membre de la Com¬ mission royale.—Italie.—Vice-President. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 7 jurys de classe.—France. Secretaires. Foeillon, chef de service. Berger, attache a la Commission imperiale. Pedre Champoiseau, attache a la Commission imperiale. Gustave Heuze, membre de la Societe imperiale et centrale d’agriculture. De Marveille de Calviac, attache a la Commission imperiale. 8 e GROUPE. PRODUITS VIVANTS ET SPECIMENS D’ETABLISSEMENTS DE L’AGRICULTURE. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 74.— Specimens n’exploitations rurales et d’usines AGRICOLES. Le marquis d’Havrincourt, depute au Corps legislatif.—France.—President. Tisserand, chef de la division des etablissements agricoles de la Couronne, au Ministere de la Maison de l’Empereur et des Beaux-Arts.—France.—Vice- President. Le marquis de Almaguer.—Espagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: de Santos, chef superieur de l’adminirtration en Espagne. Le commandeur Severin Grattoni, ingenieur, depute au Parlement italien.— Italie. Aureliano, Secretaire rapporteur.—Principautes Roumaines. CLASSE 75.— Chevaux, anes, mulets, etc. Bouy, chef de division a 1’Administration des haras.—France.—President. Simons, proprietaire-agriculteur.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Le capitaine L. de Siniavine.—Russie. M. Higgins, Esq., Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Capt. Cockerell. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 76.— Bceijfs, Bufeles, etc. A. de Saint-Leger, proprietaire-agriculteur, membre du Conseil general de la Nievre, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France.—President. Henry Bouley, membre de PAcademie de medecine, inspecteur general des Ecoles imperiales veterinaires.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. 45 Appendix (E.) to Mr. Cole's Report. CLASSE 77.— Moutons, chevres, etc. Le comte de Bouille, proprietaire-agriculteur.—France.—President. Magne, membre de l’Academie de medicine, directeur de l’Ecole veterinaire d’Alfort.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 78.— Porcs, lapins, etc. Bella, directeur de l’Ecole imperiale d’agriculture de Grignon, membre du Jury international de 1862 .—France.—President. Reynal, professeur a l’Ecole veterinaire d’Alfort, membre de la Societe im¬ periale et centrale d’agriculture de France.—France.—Rapporteur. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 79. —Oiseaux de basse-cour. Le comte Leopold Le Hon, depute au Corps legislatif.—France.—President. Florent Prevost, aide-naturaliste au Museum d’histoire naturelle, membre de la Societe imperiale et centrale d’agriculture de France.—France.—Rapporteur. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 80.— Chiens de chasse et de garde. Godefroy Jadin, peintre de la Venerie Imperiale.—President. Pierre Pichot, membre du Jury de l’exposition de la race canine.—France.— Rapporteur. Capt. Cockerell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 81.— Insectes utiles. De Quatrefages de Breau, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Museum d’his- , toire naturelle.—France.—President. Emile Blanchard, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Museum d’histoire naturelle.—France.—Rapporteur. Andrew Murray , Esq .— Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 82.— Poissons, crustaces et mollusques. Champeaux, capitaine de vaisseau.—France.—President. Gerbe, preparateur au College de France.—France.—Rapporteur. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Michel Chevalier, senateur, membre de l’lnstitut.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—President. Kulhmann, correspondant de l’lnstitut, president de la Chambre de commerce de Lille.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—Vice-President. Le general Mcerder, aide de camp de S. M. l’empereur de Russie.—Russie.— Vice-President. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 9 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Ad. Focillon, chef de service. De Behr, membre de la Commission consultative de l’exposition d’agriculture. Albert Le Play, docteur en medecine, secretaire de la Commission consulta¬ tive de l’exposition de’agriculture. Prillieux, membre de la Commission consultative de l’ex position d’agriculture Richard, attache au Ministere de la Maison de l’Empereur et des Beaux-Arts. Jury for Sheep, Goats, &c. Jury for Pigs, Rab¬ bits, &c. Jury for Poultry. Jury for Dogs. Jury for Useful In¬ sects. Jury for Pish. Group Jury. 46 Reports on the Paris Exhibition , Jury for Horticul¬ tural Appa¬ ratus. Jury for Flowers. Jury for Vegetables. Jury for Fruit Trees. Jury for Forest Trees. Jury for Hot-house Plants. 9* GROUPE. PRODUITS VIVANTS ET SPECIMENS D’ETABLISSEMENTS DE L’HORTICULTURE. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 83. — Serres et materiel de l’horticultcjre. Alphand, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees, chef du service des promenades et plantations de la ville de Paris.—France.— President. Darcel, ingenieur au corps imperial des ponts et chaussees.—France.— Secretaire. Hardy, chef des cultures imperiales au potager de Versailles.—France.— Rapporteur. Trasenster, professeur a 1’Universite de Liege, membre des Jurys interna- tionaux de 1855 et 1862. —Belgique.—Vice-President. Prof. Balfour, M.D.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Dr; T. Thomson, F.R.S. Dr. T. Thomson.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 84,—Fleurs et plantes d’ornement. Adolphe Brongniart, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Museum d’histoire naturelle.—France.—President. Lucy, ancien vice-president de la Societe imperiale et centrale d’horticulture de France, a Nointel, par Beaumont-sur-Oise.—France. L. Koch, docteur, professeur a PUniversite, secretaire general de la Societe d’horticulture, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.— Secretaire-Rapporteur. Suppleant; Le docteur Wittmack. Dr. T. Thomson.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 85.—Plantes Potageres. Auguste Riviere, jardinier en chef du jardin du Luxembourg.—France.— President. Courtois-Gerard, negociant.—France.—Rapporteur. Dr. Hogg.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 86.—Fruits et arbres fruitiers. Decaisne, membre de l’lnstitut, professeur au Museum d’histoire naturelle.— France.—President. Le docteur Guyot, viticulteur.—France.—Rapporteur. Rev. T. C. Brehaut.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 87. — Graines et plants d’essences forestieres. Frederic Moreau, juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.—France.—Vice- President. De Gayffier, inspecteur des forets.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Jean-Charles Siemoni.—Italie. Dr. Hooker, F.R.S.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Suppleant: Dr. Moore. Dr. Hooker.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 88. — Plantes de serres. Chatin, membre de l’Academie de medecine, pharmacien en chef de l’Hdtel- Dieu, professeur a l’Ecole de pharmacie.—France.—Vice-President. Babillet, jardinier en chef de la ville de Paris.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. De Cannart-d’Hamale, membre du Senat, president de la Federation des Soeietes d’horticulture du royaume et de la Societe agricole du Nord.— Belgique.—President. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Colds Report 47 Suppleant: Morren, professeur a 1 ’ Uni ver site de Liege, membre correspondant de l’Academie royale de Belgique. James Veitch, Esq.— Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: F. W. Brady, Esq., Q.C. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Le due de Cleveland, K.G.—Grande-Bretagne.—President. Devinck, ancien president du Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre du Conseil municipal de Paris. Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France. —Vice-President. S. A. S. Victor, due de Ratibor, prince de Corvey, a Rauden.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord,—Vice-President. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 6 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Ad. Fochillon, chef de service. Guerard, ingenieur au Corps, imperial des ponts et chaussees. Bouchard-Huzard, secretaire general de la Societe d’horticulture, membre de la Commission consultative de l’exposition d’horticulture. De Galbert, membre de la Societe d’horticulture de l’lsere. Tarbe des Sablons, auditeur au Conseil d’Etat. 10 e GROUPE. OBJETS SPEC1ALEMENT EXPOSES EN VUE D’AMELIORER LA CONDITION PHYSIQUE ET MORALE DE LA POPULATION. JURYS DE CLASSE. CLASSE 89.— Materiel et methodes de l’enseignement des enfants. Flandin, conseiller d’Etat, membre du Conseil imperial de l’instruction pub- lique, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.—President. Leon Plee.—France. Marguerin, directeur de l’jfcole municipale Turgot.—France. Laurent de Rille, president honoraire de 1’Association des orpheons de la Seine.—France. De Boe, ancien membre de la Chambre des representants et de la Commission beige de l’Exposition universelle de 1862, membre du Conseil de perfec- tionnement de l’enseignement moyen.—Belgique.—Secretaire ^rapporteur. Altgelt, conseiller intime de regence, Dusseldorf.—Prusse et Etats de l’Alle- magne du nord.—Vice-President. Le chevalier Pascal Villari, professeur a l’lnstitut royal de perfectionnements pour les etudes superieures, a Florence.—Italie. Rev. Canon Norris.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: E. C. Johnson, Esq. Rev. Canon Norris, E. C. Johnson, Esq.—Reporters to H.M. Government. CLASSE 90.— Bibliotheque et materiel de l’enseignement donne AUX adeltes dans la famille, l’atelier, la commune, ou la CORPORATION. Charles Robert, conseiller d’Etat, secretaire general du Ministere de l’instruc¬ tion jmblique, membre du Jury international de 1862.—France.-—President. Ph. Pompee, fondateur et directeur de l’Ecole professionnelle d’lvry, membre du. Conseil superieur de l’enseignement secondaire special, vice-president de l’Association polytechnique.—France.—Rapporteur. Demarquay, chirurgien en chef de la Maison municipale de sante et du Conseil d’Etat, membre du Jury international de 1855.—France. Group Jury. Jury for Apparatus used in the Instruction of Children. Jury for Libraries and Appara¬ tus used in the Instruc¬ tion of Adults, 48 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Jury for Cheap Fur¬ niture, Clo¬ thing, &c. Jury for Specimens of Clothing of all Countries. Jury for Cheap Dwel¬ lings. Jury for Articles of all kinds manufac¬ tured by Skilled Workmen* De Mofras, secretaire d’ambassade.—France.—Secretaire. Sebastien Cornu, peintre d’histoire.—France. Leins, conseiller superieur, ^architect, a Stuttgartd.—Wurtemberg. Kornhuber, professeur a l’Ecole polytechnique de Vienne.—Autriche. Mariano Cardera.—Espagne. Rev. W. Rogers.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Suppleant: Rev. M. Mitchell. Rev. M. Mitchell.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 91.— Meubles, vetements, et aliments de toute espece, DISTINGUES PAR LES QUALITES UTILE UNIES AU BON MARCHE. Bonjean, senateur, president de chambre a la Cour de cassation.—France.— President. A. Cochin, membre de l’institut, ancien maire du 7 e arrondissement de Paris, administrateur des compagnies d’Orleans et de Saint-G obain.—France.— Rapporteur. V. Darroux, officier d’administration principal du service de l’habillement et du campement.—France. Moreno-Henriques, directeur de la Manutention de la Chambre de commerce de Paris, a la douane et a 1’Exposition universelle de 1867.—France. Bouffard, negotiant, ancien juge au Tribunal de commerce de la Seine.— France. Ducuing, economiste.—France.— Secretaire. Frederic Jourdain, ancien manufacturier.—France. Aime Sellieres, fabricant.—France. Jacquemyns, membre de la Chambre des representants, membre du Jury inter¬ national de 1862.—Belgique.—Vice-President. Le commandeur Pierre Maestri, docteur, directeur de la statistique et du com ¬ merce, membre de la Commission royale.—Italie. Viscount Canterbury.—Grande-Bretagne. Suppleant: Nassau J. Senior, Esq. R. H. Soden Smith, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 92.— Specimens des costumes populaires des diverses CONTREES. Armand Dumaresq, artiste peintre.—France.—President. Ernest Dreolle.—France.—Secretaire rapporteur. Apostolopoulo, directeur de l’Ecole d’agriculture de Tyrinthe.—Grece.—Vice- President. De Dardel.—Suede. Leone Levi.—Reporter to H.M. Government. CLASSE 93.— Specimens d’habitations caracterisees par le bon MARCHE UNI AUX CONDITIONS D’hYGIENE ET DE BIEN-ETRE. Conti, conseiller d’Etat, secretaire de l’Empereur, chef du cabinet de S. M.— France.—President. Degrand, ingenieur au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees.—France.—- Secretaire rapporteur. J. Faucher, docteur, a Berlin.—Prusse et Etats de FAllemagne du nord. Edwin Chadwick , Esq., C.B.—Reporter to H.M. Government CLASSE 94. —Produits de toute sorte fabriques par des ouvriers CHEFS DE METIERS. Mathieu, depute au Corps legislatif.—France.—President. Auguste Vitu.—France.—Vice-President. Saint-Yyes, ingenieur au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees.—France.— Secretaire. Le chevalier Salvagnoli-Marchetti, docteur, depute au Parlement italien, membre de la Commission royale.—Italie. f Charles-Edmond Choie 9 ki, commissaire egyptien.—Egypte. Blanchard Jerrold, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. 49 Appendix (E.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. CLASSE 95.— Instruments et procedes he travail speciaux aux OUVRIERS CHEFS DE METIERS. Alfred Darimon, depute au Corps legislatif.—Erance.—President. Yan Blarenberghe, ingenieur en chef au Corps imperial des ponts et chaussees. —France.—Secretaire rapporteur, Grohe, fabricant.—France. Le chevalier Pierre Torrigiani, professeur d’economie politique a l’Universite royale de Parme, depute au Parlement italien, membre de la Commission royale.—Italie.—Vice-President. Le comte des Cantons de Montblanc.—Tunis. Blanchard Jerrold, Esq.—Reporter to H.M. Government. JURY DE GROUPE. Presidents. Le baron J. de Liebig, conseiller intime, president de l’Academie des sciences de Baviere.—Hesse, Bade, Wurtemberg et Baviere.—President. Jean Dollfus, maire de Mulhouse, a Mulhouse, membre de la Commission im¬ periale.—France.—Vice-President. Sir J. Kay Shuttlewoith, Bart.—Grande-Bretagne.—Vice-President. Membres. Les presidents et rapporteurs des 7 jurys de classe. Secretaires. Guyot-Montpayroux, secretaire de la reunion des bureaux du dixieme groupe, chef de service. Chauvy, secretaire particulier de Son Exc. le Ministre d’Etat, F. Giraudeau, chef de bureau du cabinet de Son Exc. le Ministre d’Etat. Sudre, attache a la Commission imperiale. Parisot, membre du Comite d’admission de la classe 91. Tabourier, fabricant. Le baron de Watteville, chef de bureau au cabinet du Ministre de l’instruction publique. Desvernay, attache a la Commission imperiale. Sacaley, sous-chef du cabinet de l’Empereur. CONSEIL SUPERIEUR. PRESIDENTS. Son Exc. M. Rouher, Ministre d’Etat, vice-president de la Commission impe¬ riale,—France. Son Exc. M. de Forcade la Roquette, Ministre de l’agriculture, du commerce et des travaux publics, vice-president de la Commission imperiale.—France. Son Exc. le marechal Vaillant, Ministre de la Maison de l’Empereur et des Beaux-Arts, vice-president de la Commission imperiale.—France. MEMBRES. Elie de Beaumont, senateur, secretaire perpetuel de l’Academie des sciences, inspecteur general des mines. Membre de la Commission imperiale.— France.—(Ph, 2 e groupe). Feer-IIerzog, membre du Conseil federal.—Suisse.—(V.-P. 2 e groupe). Lord Houghton.—Grande-Bretagne.—(V.-P. 2 e groupe). Suppleant: Bailie Cochrane, Esq., M.P. S. A. R. le Prince de Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen.—(P. 3 e r groupe). Suppleant : le due de Valen 9 ay et de Sagan.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord. Deniere, ancien president du* Tribunal de commerce de la Seine et membre du Conseil municipal de Paris.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.— France.—(V.-P., 3 e groupe). Jury for Instruments and Modes of Work peculiar to Skilled Workmen. Group Jury. Superior Council. Presidents. Members. 50 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Members of Superior Council. Secretaries. Le baron de Burg, conseiller aulique.—(V.-P., 3 e groupe).—Autriche. Le due de Manchester.—Grande-Bretagne.—(P., 4 e groupe). Suppleant : Bight Hon. Sir W. Hutt, M.P., K.C.B. Arles Dufour, membre de la Chambre de commerce de Lyon, membre de la Commission imperiale.—Prance.—(V.-P., 4 e groupe). Portamps, membre du Senat, president de la Commission beige de l’Exposition universelle de 1867, membre des Jurys internationaux de 1855 et 1862.— Belgique.—(V.-P., 4 e groupe). Dumas, senateur, membre de l’lnstitut, membre de la Commission imperiale. —(P. 5 e groupe.)—France. A. W. Hofmann, docteur, membre de PAcademie royale des sciences v profes- seur de l’Uuniversite, a Berlin.—(V.-P. 5 e groupe).—Prusse et Etats de PAllemagne du nord. Le professeur J. Lawrence Smith.—Etats Unis d’Amerique.—(V.-P. 5 e groupe). Du Puy de L6me, conseiller d’Etat, membre de l’lnstitut, membre de la Com¬ mission imperiale.—France.—(P. 6 e groupe). Lefuel, membre de l’lnstitut, membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.— (V.-P. 6 e groupe). Lord Richard Grosvenor.—Grande-Bretagne.—(V.-P. 6 e groupe). Suppleant: Hugh C. E. Childers, Esq., M.P. Le comte Edmond Zichy, membre du Comite consultatif du musee I. R. de l’industrie et des beaux-arts.—Autriche.—(P. 7 e groupe). Le due d’Albufera, depute au Corps legislatif.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—(7 e groupe). Le comte Gori-Pannilini, senateur du royaume d’ltalie, membre de la Com¬ mission royale.—Italie.—(V.-P. 7 e groupe). Michel Chevalier, senateur, membre de l’lnstitut.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—(P. 8 e groupe). Kuhlmann, correspondant de l’lnstitut, president de la Chambre de commerce de Lille.—Membre de la Comm' sion imperiale.—France.—(V.-P. 8 e groupe). Le general Moerder, aide de camp de S. M. l’Empereur de Russie.—Russie.— (V.-P. 8 e groupe). Le due de Cleveland, K.G.—Grande-Bretagne.—(P. 9 e groupe). Devinck, ancien president du Tribunal de commerce de la Seine, membre du Conseil municipal de Paris.—Membre de la Commission imperiale.— France.—(V.-P. 9 e groupe). S. A. S. Victor, due de Ratibor, prince de Corvey, a Rauden.—Prusse et Etats de l’Allemagne du nord.—(V.-P. 9 e groupe). Le baron J. de Liebig, conseiller intime, president de PAcademie des sciences de Baviere.—Hesse, Bade, Wurtemberg, et Baviere.—(P. 10 e groupe). Jean Dollfus, maire de Mulhouse, a Mulhouse, membre de la Commission imperiale.—France.—(V.-P. 10 e groupe). Sir J. Kay Shuttleworth, Bart.—Grande-Bretagne.—(V.-P. 10 e groupe). SECRETAIRES. De Chancourtois, ingenieur en chef et professeur a l’Ecole imperiale des mines, membre du Jury international de 1855, secretaire de la Commission imperiale. E. Cumenge, ingenieur au Corps imperial des mines, Secretaire-adjoint de la Commission imperiale. Appendix {E) to Mr. Colds Report 51 List of British Jurors and Associate Jurors, Delegates, and Reporters, Paris Exhibition, 1867. GROUP I.—WORKS OF ART. Class. Nature of Class. Name of Juror. Name of Associate Juror. Name of Delegate. Name of Reporter. 1 Paintings in Oil Viscount Har- John Leslie, Esq. ■1 r C. W. Cope, Esq., dinge. R.A. 2 Other Paintings and Hon. Spencer S. Vincent, Esq. J. C. Horsley, Drawings. Cowper. Esq., R.A. 3 Sculpture and Die¬ A. H. Layard, W. Calder Mar¬ R. Westmacott, sinking. Esq., M.P. shall, Esq., R.A. l Capt.Hichens^ Esq., R.A., F.R.S. . 4 Architectural De¬ JamesFergusson, Lieut.-Col. Scott, R.E. j Prof. Donaldson. signs and Models. Esq. R.E. I 5 Engraving and Li¬ R. J. Lane, Esq., Capt. Hichens, J. Marshall, Esq. thography. A. E. R. A. R.E. Julian) Marshall, 1 Esq. L 1 GROUP II-APPARATUS AND APPLICATION OF THE LIBERAL ARTS. Loed Houghton, Vice-President. Bailie Cochrane, Esq, M,P„ Associate Vice-President. 6 Printing and Books - 7 Paper. Stationery, Binding, Painting, and Drawing Ma¬ terials. S Applications of Drawing and Mo¬ delling to the Com¬ mon Arts. 9 Photographic Proofs and Apparatus. 10 Musical Instruments 11 12 13 Medical and Surgical Instruments and Apparatus. Mathematical In¬ struments and Ap¬ paratus for teach¬ ing Science. Maps andGeographi- cal and Cosmogra- phical Apparatus. George Clowes, Esq. Warren de la Rue,Esq.,F.R.S. R.Redgrave,Esq., R.A. Dr. Hugh W. Diamond. Lord GeraldFitz- gerald. Sir J. F. Olliffe, M.D. C. Brooke, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Capt. G. H. Ri¬ chards, R.N., F.R.S. C. Rivers Wilson, Esq. F. Hankey, Esq. H.A.Bowler,Esq. Lt.-Col. Gordon, C.B., R.E. Hon. Seymour Egerton, 1st Life Guards. Lt.-Col. Strange, F.R.S., F.R.A.S. Lt.-Col. Cooke, R.E., F.R.G.S. C. Thurston Thompson,Esq. Rev.W.H.Brook- field, M.A. Lord Sackville Cecil. C. Thurston Thompson,Esq. C. Rivers Wilson, Esq. G. W. Yapp, Esq. I J. C. Buck-^ [ master,Esq/ Rev.W. H. Brook- field, M.A. Dr. J. W. Appell. R. Redgrave,Esq., r.A. Dr. Diamond. C. Thurston Thompson, Esq. F. Clay, Esq. Sir J. F. Olliffe, M.D. C. R. Weld, Esq. Lieut.-Col. Cooke, R.E., F.R.G.S. GROUP III.—FURNITURE AND OTHER OBJECTS FOR THE USE OF DWELLINGS. 14 Fancy Furniture 15 Upholstery and ^De¬ corative Work. 16 Crystal Fancy Glass and Stained Glass. 17 Porcelain. Earthen¬ ware, and other Fandy Pottery. 18 Carpets, Tapestry, and other Stuffs for Furniture. 19 Paper Hangings J. H. Pollen, Esq. M. Digby Wyatt, Esq,, F.S.A. E.W.Cooke,Esq., R.A., F.R.S. Right Hon. W. E. Glad¬ stone, D.C.L., M.P. Peter Graham, Esq. J. G. Crace, Esq. Owen Jones,Esq. Henry Chance, Esq. J. C. Robinson, Esq., F.S.A. r ►A. S. Cole,Esq. j J [ Capt. H ichens, R.E. J. H. Pollen, Esq. M. Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. H. Chance, Esq. T.Gambier Parry, Esq. (on Paint¬ ing on Glass). L. Arnoux, Esq. C. T. Towns- hend, Esq. M. Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. M. Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. 52 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Class. Nature of Class. Name of Juror. Name of Associate Juror. Name of Delegate. Name of Reporter. 20 Cutlery - G. Wostenholme, C. Asprey, Esq. - A. S. Cole, Esq. Esq. 21 Gold and Silver Percy W. Doyle, G. J. Cayley,Esq. H. Jerningham, G. J. Cayley. Esq. Plate. Esq., C.B. Esq. 22 Bronzes and other No Juror allowed . A. S. Cole, Esq. - G. Wallis, Esq. Art Castings and Repouss6 Work. 23 Clocks and Watches C.Frodsham,Esq. . Lord Sackville C. R. Weld, Esq. Cecil. 24 Apparatus and Pro¬ J. Tyndall, Esq., Rear - Admiral Capt. Webber, Capt. Webber, cesses for Heating LL.D., F.R.S. Ryder, C.B., R.E. R.E. and Lighting. R.N. T. W. Rowden, Esq. 25 26 Perfumery Leather Work,Fancy Dr. W. Odling - J.M.Stanley,Esq. F. West, Esq. - 1c. A. Pierce, Svdney Whiting, Articles and Basket Work. J Esq. Esq. GROUP IV—CLOTHING (INCLUDING FABRICS) AND OTHER OBJECTS WORN ON THE PERSON. Duke oe Manchester, President. Rt. Hon. Sir W. Hutt, M.P., K.C.B., Associate President. 27 28 Cotton, Thread, and Fabrics. Thread and Fabrics of Flax. Combed Wool and Worsted Fabrics. Carded Wool and Woollen Fabrics. Silk and Silk Manu¬ factures. Shawls - Lace, Net, Em¬ broidery, and Small Ware Manufac¬ tures. Hosiery and Under Clothing and Ar¬ ticles appertaining thereto. Clothing for both Sexes. Jewellery and Pre¬ cious Stones. Portable Weapons, Arms, and Military Equipment. Travelling Articles andCampEquipage. Toys - Malcolm Ross, Esq. William Spotten, Esq. W. Morris, Esq. - Edward Esq. Huth, Sir B. S. Phillips W. H. Clabburn, Esa. Daniel Biddle, Esq. A. J. Mundella, Esq. Lieut.-Col. J. H. Hudson. Earl Dudley Major-Gen. Sir W. Gordon, K.C.B., R.E. Sir S. Baker E d wardPage,E sq. No Juror allowed )-G. Wallis, Esq.- J. Law, Esq. H. S. Way, Esq.- C. S. Haden, Esq. F. P. Hoare, Esq. ThomasBall,Esq. j>G. Wallis, Esq. N. H. M. S. Mas- kelyne, Esq. Major-Gen. C. Dickson, C.B., R.A. M‘LeodofM‘Leod .J. C. Buck-^ r master, Esq. ,J. C. Buck-^ r master, Esq.' 1 LI. Jerningham, Esq. Col. Younghus- band, R.A. J. C. Buck- master, Esq. Wentworth L. Cole, Esq. ManchesterCham- ber of Com¬ merce (J. O. Murray, Esq.). Belfast Chamber of Commerce (John Stevelly, Esq.). Bradford Cham¬ ber of Com¬ merce (Charles Stead, Esq.; Al- fredllling w orth, Esq. ; Motley Waud, Esq.; J. Y. Godwin, Esq.). Leeds Chamber of Commerce (George Leach, Esq.^; Thos.Nus- sey, Esq.). Prof. Leone Levi. Prof. Leone Levi. Mrs. Palliser and Prof.LeoneLevi. Prof. Leone Levi. N. H. M. S. Mas- kelyne, Esq. Lt.-Col. Owen, R.A. (on Ar¬ tillery). Major Leahy, R.E. (on Mili¬ tary Equip¬ ment and Buildings,&c.). Capt. Majendie, R.A. (on Port- l able Arms). Sir S. Baker. George C. T.Bart- ley. Esq. Appendix (E) to Mr. Cole's Report 53 GROUP IV.—PRODUCTS (RAW AND MANUFACTURED) OF MINING INDUSTRY, FORESTRY, ETC. Class. Nature of Class. Name of Juror. Name of Associate Juror. Name of Delegate. Reporter. 40 Mining and Metal- S. II. Blackwell, 1 Capt.W.S.Roden Lord Sackville Dr.Ansted, F.R.S. lurgy. Esq. Cecil. P. L. Simmonds, 41 Products of the Cul- Hon.F.D.M'Gee P. L. Simmonds, i r 1 1 tivation of Forests, Esq. Esq. and of the Trades ! T. W. Webber, appertaining there¬ to. Products of Shoot¬ Esq. 42 Prof. Wyville Major Michael - Prof. Wyville ing, Fishing, and of the Gathering of Fruits obtained Thomson, F.R.S. 1 Wentworth L.J Cole, Esq. Thomson, F.R.S. without Cultiva¬ tion. 43 Agricultural Pro¬ D.Hanbury,Esq. Dr. T. Thomson, Dr. T. Thomson, ducts (not used as Food) easily pre¬ F.R.S. F.R.S. served. J l 44 Chemical and Phar¬ Dr. Frankland, Dr. D. Price maceutical Pro¬ ducts. F.R.S. 1 45 Specimens of the Sir Robert Kane, Dr. C. Cameron 1 H. MacLeod, CDr. Hoffmann. Chemical Processes for Bleaching, Dye¬ ing, Printing, and Dressing. F.R.S. ( Esq. 1 X Prof. Bolley. J 46 Leather and Skins - Dr. Forbes Wat¬ J. Evershed, Esq. Wentworth L. J. Evershed, Esq. son, A.M., F.R.S. Cole, Esq. GROUP VI.—APPARATUS AND PROCESSES USED IN THE COMMON ARTS. E. Childers, Esq., M.P., Associate Lord Richard Grosyenor, M.P., Vice-President. Hugh C. Vice- President. 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses of the Art of Mining and Metal¬ lurgy. Agricultural Appa¬ ratus and Processes used in the Culti¬ vation of Fields and Forests. Apparatus used in Shooting, Fishing Tackle, and Imple¬ ments used in gathering Fruits obtained without Culture. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses used in Agri¬ cultural Works, and in Works for the Preparation of Food. Apparatus used in Chemistry, Phar¬ macy, and in Tan Yards. Prime-movers, Boil¬ ers, and Engines specially adapted to the Require¬ ments of the Exhi¬ bition. Machines and Appa¬ ratus in general. Machine Tools Warington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. Jacob Wilson, Esq. Col. Hon. H. F. Keane, R.E. James C. Amos, Esq. Dr. Lyon Play¬ fair, C.B., F.R.S. J. Scott Russell, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. The Earl of Caithness. Robert Mallet, Esq., F.R.S., M.I.C.E. G. W. Hemans, Esq., M.I.C.E., F.R.G.S., F.G.S. C. Le Neve Fos¬ ter, Esq. Thomas Webb, Esq. Major J. B. Ed¬ wards, R.E. C. Wren Hos- kyns, Esq. Prof. T. C. Archer Capt. Beaumont, R.E. i John Anderson, I Esq. Lord Sackville j Warington W. Cecil. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. A. S. Bury, Esq. Thos. Webb. Esq. Wentworth L. Cole, Esq. A. S. Bury, Esq. H. M'Leod, Esq. H. Sandham, Esq. Lieut.M'Hardy, R.E. Major J. B. Ed¬ wards, R.E. Wentworth L. Cole, Esq. Prof. T.C. Archer. Dr. Lyon Play¬ fair, C.B., F.R.S. J. Scott Russell, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. R. Mallet, Esq., F.R.S., M.I.C.E. J. Anderson, Esq. 1 F 54 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Class. Nature of Class. Name of Juror. Name of Associate Juror. Name of Delegate. Name of Reporter. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses used in Spin- ning&RopeMaking. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses used in Weaving. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses for Sewing and for Making-up Clothing. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses used in the Manufacture of Furniture and Ob¬ jects for Dwellings. Apparatus and Pro¬ cesses used in Paper-making,Dye- ing, and Printing. Machines, Instru¬ ments, and Pro¬ cesses used in va¬ rious Works. Carriages and Wheel¬ wrights’ Work. Harness and Saddlery- Railway Apparatus - Telegraphic Ap para- tus and Processes. Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture. R. D. Marshall, Esq. M. Curtis, Esq. - Peter Tait, Esq. Lieut.-Col.Ewart, R.E. Wyndham S. Portal, E sq. C. P. Beyer, Esq. G. N. Hooper, Esq. Captain Penn - J. E. M'Connell, Esq., M.I.C.E. Sir Charles Wheatstone, P.R.S. C. H. Gregory, Esq., Y.P. Inst. C.E. R. Lloyd, Esq. Capt. Ponsonby] Cox, R.E. Col.J. L. Tait - Navigation and Life- Captain P. Arrow boats. Minton Camp¬ bell, Esq. Henry Goschen, Esq. Sir D. Campbell, Bart. Lord Sackville Cecil. Major A. C. Clarke, R.E. Rev. J. Woolley, LL.D. H.' Sandham, Esq. C. T. Town- , shend. Esq. * Lieut. M'Hardy, R.E. _H. Sandham, G. W. Yapp, Esq. Capt. Webber, R.E. A. S. Bury, Esq. P. Le Neve Pos¬ ter, jun., Esq. Capt. Hichens, R.E. Lieut. Chadwick, R.E. Capt. Beaumont. R.E. Capt. Beaumont. R.E. G. N. Hooper, Esq. Henry Goschen, Esq. Sir D. Campbell, Bart. Robert Sabine. Esq. Capt. Ponsonby Cox, R.E. H. Cole, Esq.,C.B. (onTerraCotta). Lieut.-Col. H. Scott, R.E. (on Cements, &c.). C. W. Merrifield, Esq., P.R.S. Capt. M. Close (on Lighthouses and Coast Illu¬ minators). GROUP VII.—POOD (PRESH OR PRESERVED) IN VARIOUS STATES OF PREPARATION. 67 69 73 Cereals and other eatable Farinaceous Products, and the Products derived from them. Bread and Pastry - Patty Substances used as Pood; Milk and Eggs. Meat and Pish Vegetables and Fruit Condiments and Sti¬ mulants ; Sugar and Confectionery. Fermented Drinks - J. Druce, Esq. No Juror ctlloived G. Moffatt, Esq., M.P. Hon. H. G. How¬ ard. C.Wooloton,Esq Eric Baker, Esq. E. L. Beckwith, „W. Matchwick, Dr. Hogg. E. L. Beckwith. GROUP VIII.—LIVE STOCK AND SPECIMENS OP AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS. Parm Buildings and No Juror allowed - A. S. Bury, Agricultural W orks. Asses, Horses, Mules M. Higgins, Esq. Capt. Cockerell Bulls, Buffaloes, &c. No Juror allowed Sheep, Goats - „ „ Pigs, Rabbits - „ „ f Capt. Cockerell Capt. Cockerell. Poultry - Sporting Dogs and Watch Dogs. Useful Insects - „ „. --A. Murray, Pish, Crustacea, and Mollusca. Appendix (E.) to Mr. Cole’s Report, 55 GROUP IX.—LIVE PRODUCE AND SPECIMENS OP HORTICULTURAL WORKS. Duke of Cleveland, K.G., President. Class. Nature of Class. Name of Juror. Name of Associate Juror. Name of Delegate. Name of Reporter. 83 Hot-houses and Hor¬ Prof. J. H. Bal¬ Dr. T. Thomson, A. S. Bury, Esq. 'J 84 ticultural Appa¬ ratus. Flowers and Orna¬ four, M.D. No Juror allowed P.R.S. (Dr. T. Thomson, C P.R.S. 85 mental Plants. Vegetables JJ J) Dr. Hogg. 86 Pruit Trees 9> 99 Rev. T. C. Bre- 87 Seeds and Saplings Dr. J. D. Hooker, Dr. Moore - .... haut. Dr. J. D. Hooker, 88 of Forest Trees. Hot-house Plants - P.R.S. James Veitch, Esq. P. W. Brady, Esq,. Q.C. P.R.S. GROUP X.-ARTICLES EXHIBITED WITH THE SPECIAL OBJECT OP IMPROVING THE PHYSICAL AND MORAL CONDITION OP THE PEOPLE. Sie J. P. Kay Shuttleworth, Bart., Vice-President. 89 90 91 92 94 95 Apparatus and Me¬ thods used in the Instruction of Chil¬ dren. Libraries and Appa¬ ratus used in the Instruction of Adults at Home, in the Workshop, or in Schools and Col¬ leges. Furniture, Clothing, and Pood from all Sources, remark- able.for useful Qua¬ lities combined with Cheapness. Specimens of the Clothing worn by the People of diffe¬ rent Countries. Examples of Dwel¬ lings characterized by Cheapness com¬ bined with the Conditions neces¬ sary for Health and Comfort. Articles of all Kinds manufactured by Skilled Workmen. Instruments and Modes of Work peculiar to Skilled Workmen. Rev. Canon Nor¬ ris. M.A. Rev. W. Rogers, M.A. E. C. Johnson, Esq. Rev. M. Mitchell, M.A. H. Jerningham, Esq. C. Rivers Wil¬ son, Esq. Rev. Canon Nor¬ ris, M.A. E. C. Johnson, Esq. (on the In¬ struction of the Blind). Rev. M. Mitchell, M.A. Viscount Canter- Nassau J. Senior, bury. Esq. f R. Soden Smith, Esq., M.A., P.R.S. No Juror allowed Prof. Leone Levi. SJ s> Blanchard ’ Jerrold, Esq. Edwin Chadwick, Esq., C.B. Blanchard Jer¬ rold, Esq. Blanchard Jer¬ rold, Esq. CAPTAIN DONNELLY, R.E., Secretary. G. C. T. BARTLEY, Assistant. 56 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. APPENDIX (F.) Official Reporters. The names of the British Official Reporters appointed by Her Majesty’s Government are added to the respective Juries in the ]receding list. List of Reports on the various Classes in the Paris Uni¬ versal Exhibition of 1867, prepared by direction of the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education Reports published in Volume II. Class 1. Paintings in Oil, by C. W. Cope, Esq., R.A. 2. Other Paintings and Drawings, by J. C. Horsley, Esq., R.A. 3. Sculpture and Die-sinking, by R. Westmacott, Esq., R.A., E.R.S. : 4. Architectural Designs and Models, by Professor Donaldson 5. Engraving and Lithography, by Julian Marshall, Esq. 6. Printing and Books, by Rev. W. H. Brookfield 7. Paper, Stationery, Painting and Drawing Materials, and Book¬ binding, by J. W. Appell, Esq. .... 8. Applications of Drawing and Modelling to the Common Arts, in¬ cluding Designs for Industrial Purposes, by R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. ....... 9. Photographic Proofs and Apparatus, by Dr. Diamond. „ Photography, by C. Thurston Thompson, Esq. 10. Musical Instruments, by F. Clay, Esq. .... 11. Medical and Surgical Instruments and Apparatus, by Sir J. F. Olliffe, M.D. ...... 12. Philosophical Instruments and Apparatus for teaching Science, by C. R. Weld, Esq. ...... 13. Maps and Geographical and Cosmographical Apparatus, by Lt.- Col. Cooke, RE., F.R.G.S. . . . . . 14. Fancy Furniture, by J. H. Pollen, Esq. .... 15. Upholstery and Decorative Work, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. ....... 16. Crystal and Fancy Glass, by Henry Chance, Esq. „ Painting on Glass, by T. Gambier Parry, Esq. 17. Pottery, by L. Arnoux, Esq. ..... 65. Terra Cotta, by Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. .... 18. Carpets, Tapestry, and other Stuffs for Furniture, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. ..... 19. Paperhangings, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. . 21. Gold and Silver Plate, by G. J. Cayley, Esq. 22. Bronzes and other Art Castings and Repousse Work, by G. Wallis, Esq. ....... 23. Horological Instruments, by C. R. Weld, Esq. 25. Perfumery, by Sydney Whiting. Esq. .... 26. Leather Work, Fancy Articles, and Basket Work, by Sydney Whiting, Esq. ...... 36. Jewellery and Precious Stones, by N. H. M. S. Maskelyne, Esq. . Page ] 23 47 67 85 105 135 169 185 137 169 185 197 221 237 263 279 319 373 377 391 415 425 467 487 499 543 563 581 593 Appendix (F.) to Mr. Cole’s Report 57 Reports published in Volume III. Class. Page. 27. Cotton Goods, by J. O. Murray, Esq. . . . .1 28. Linen Thread and Fabrics of Linen and Hemp, by J. Stevelly, Esq. 25 29. Worsted Trade, by a Deputation of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce . . . . . . .47 30. Carded Wool and Woollen Fabrics, by T. Nussey, Esq. . . 57 „ Carded Wool, Woollen Yarns, and Woollen Fabrics, by G. Leach, Esq. . . . . . . .67 31.1 39 j Silk Manufactures, Shawls, Lace and Embroidery, Hosiery, * Clothing for both Sexes, and Dress in different Countries, by 35 * j Professor Leone Levi, LL.D. . . . .79 92. J 33. Lace, Net, Embroidery, and Small Ware Manufactures, by Mrs. Palliser . . . . . .109 39. Toys, by George C. T. Bartley, Esq. .... 125 89. Apparatus and Methods used in the Instruction of Children, by Rev. Canon Norris, M.A. . . . . .141 „ Apparatus and Methods used in the Instruction of the Blind, by E. C. Johnson, Esq. . . . * . .149 90. Libraries and Apparatus used in the Instruction of Adults, by Rev. M. Mitchell, M.A. . . . . . .183 91. Furniture, Clothing, and Food from all Sources, remarkable for useful Qualities combined with Cheapness, by R. Soden Smith, Esq. . . . . . . .221 93. Examples of Dwellings characterized by Cheapness combined with the Conditions necessary for Health and Comfort, by Edwin Chadwick, Esq., C.B. ..... 239 94. Articles of all Kinds manufactured by Skilled Workmen, by Blanchard, Jerrold, Esq. . . . . .319 95. Instruments and Modes of Work peculiar to Skilled Workmen, by Blanchard Jerrold, Esq. . . . . .329 Reports published in Volume IV. 24. Apparatus and Processes for Ventilating, Warming, Cooking, and Lighting, by Captain Webber, R.E. . . . . l „ Testing House, by Captain Webber, R.E., and Mr. W. T. Rowden. 42 Artillery, by Lieut.-Col. Owen, R.A. .... 121 37. Portable Arms, by Captain Majendie, R.A. . . . 175 „ Field Hospital Equipments, Military Telegraphy and Signalling and Military Hospital and Barrack Buildings, by Maior Leahy, R.E. . . . . , .217 38. Travelling Articles and Camp Equipage, by Sir S. Baker . . 251 40. Mining and Metallurgy, by Dr. Ansted, F.R.S. . . . 253 47. Apparatus and Processes of the Art of Mining and Metallurgy, by Warrington W. Smyth, Esq., M.A., F.R.S., Pres. G.S. . 277 52. Prime-movers, Boilers, and Engines specially adapted to the Requirements of the Exhibition, by J. Scott Russell, Esq., M.A., F.R.S. . . . . . .301 53. Machines and Mechanical Apparatus in general, by R. Mallet, Esq., F.R.S. ...... 333 54. Machine Tools, by J. Anderson, Esq., C.E. . . . 357 55. Apparatus and Processes used in Spinning and Rope Making, by Peter Le Neve Foster, Junior, Esq., C.E. . . . 383 56. Apparatus and Processes used in Weaving, by Peter Le Neve Foster, Junior, Esq., C.E. . . . . . . 403 58. Apparatus and Processes used in the Manufacture of Furniture, and Objects for Dwellings, by Lieutenant Chadwick, R.E. , 415 58 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Class. Page 59. Apparatus and Processes used in Paper Making, Dyeing, and Printing, by Captain Beaumont, R.E. . . .425 60. Machines, Instruments, and Processes used in various Works, by Captain Beaumont, R.E. ..... 465 63. Railway Apparatus, by Sir D. Campbell, Bart. . . . 487 64. Telegraphic Apparatus and Processes, by Robert Sabine, Esq. . 521 65. Civil Engineering, Public Works, and Architecture, by Captain Ponsonby Cox, R.E. ..... 609 „ Limes and Hydraulic Cements, by Lieut-Col. Scott, R.E. , 631 66. Models of Ships and Life Boats, by C. W. Merrifield, Esq., E.R.S. 643 „ Lighthouses and Coast Illuminators, by Captain Close • . 665 Reports published in Volume V. 41. Products of Forest Cultivation, by P. L. Simmonds, Esq. . 1 „ Timbers and Forest Produce, &c., by T. W. Webber, Esq. . 33 42. Products of Shooting, Fishing, and of the Earth without Culture, by Professor W. Thomson . . . . .69 45. Spun and Woven Fabrics shown as Specimens of Dyeing, Bleach¬ ing, and Printing, by Professor Bolley . . .77 49. Apparatus used in Shooting, Fishing Tackle, and Implements used in gathering Fruits obtained without Culture, by Major J. B. Edwards, R.E,, and Wentworth L. Cole, Esq. . .93 50. Apparatus and Processes used in Agricultural Works, and in Works for the Preparation of Food, by Professor Archer . .109 51. Chemical Processes, by Dr. Lyon Playfair, C.B., F.R.S. . .123 57. Apparatus and Processes for Sewing, and for Making-up-Clothing, by Captain Hichens, R.E. . . . . ,131 61. Carriages and Wheelwrights’ Work, by G. N. Hooper, Esq. . 143 62. Harness and Saddlery, by Henry Goshen, Esq. . . . 187 71. Vegetables and Fruit, by Dr. Hogg * . .193 73. Fermented Drinks, by E. L. Beckwith, Esq. '. , . 199 75 to 80. Horses, Cattle, Dogs, &c., and on a New Mode of Shoeing Horses, by Captain Cockerell . . . .241 81. Useful Insects, by A. Murray, Esq. .... 263 85. Vegetables, by Dr. Hogg ..... 283 86 . Fruit Trees, by Rev. T. C. Brehaut . . . .285 87. Seeds and Saplings of Forest Trees, by Dr. Hooker • . 303 Volume VI. Contains the Returns relative to the New Order of Reward. Volume VII. Contains an Index to the reports published in Volumes H., III., IV., and V. Appendix (#.) to Mr. Colds Report . 59 APPENDIX (G.) I.—General Regulations issued by the Imperial Com¬ mission, and Correspondence between the Im¬ perial Commission and the British Executive. Note.— Regulations specially applicable to British and Colonial Exhibitors are denoted by an asterisk [*]. EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE DE 1867, A PARIS. Commission Imperiale. Reglement General, delibere le 7 Juillet 1865, approuve par Decret Imperial le 12 Juillet 1865. Premiere Section. Dispositions Generales et Systeme de Classification. * Article l er .—L’Exposition universelle, institute a Paris pour l’annee 1867, recevra les oeuvres d’art et les produits de l’agriculture et de l’industrie de toutes les nations. Elle aura lieu au Champ de Mars, dans un edifice temporaire. Autour du Palais de l’Exposition sera dispose un Parc destine a recevoir les animaux et les plantes a l’etat vivant ainsi que les etablissements et les objets qu’il n’est pas possible d’installer dans l’edifice principal. L’Exposition ouvrira lc l er avril 1867, et fermera le 31 octobre de la meme annee. Art. 2 .—L’Exposition universelle de 1867, est placee sous la direction de la Commission imperiale, institutee par le decret du l er fevrier 1865. Le Commissaire general, nomme par le meme decret, est charge de proceder a l’execution des mesures adoptees par la Commission imperiale. Art. 3.— Dans chaque departement de l’Empire fransais, la Commission im¬ periale constituera, avant le 25 aout 1865, un Comite departemental, qui aura pour mission : 1° De faire connaitre dans toute l’entendue du departement les mesures con- cernant l’organization de l’exposition, et de distribuer les formules. de demande d’admission ainsi que les autres documents emanant de la Commission im¬ periale ; 2 ° De signaler, avant le 31 octobre 1865, les principaux artistes, agriculteurs, et manufacturiers, dont l’admission a l’Exposition universelle semblerait par- ticulierement utile a l’eclat de cette solennite ; 3° De provoquer, comme il est dit a Particle 29, les expositions de produits agricoles du departement; 4° D’instituer une commission de savants, d’agriculteurs, de manufacturiers, de contre-maitres et autres hommes speciaux, pour faire une etude particuliere de l’Exposition universelle et pour publier un rapport sur les applications qui pourraient etre faites, dans le departement, des enseignements qu’elle aura fournis ; 5° De preparer, par voie de souscription, de cotisation et par toutes autres mesures, la creation d’un fonds, destine a faciliter la visite et l’etude de l’Exposition universelle aux contre-maitres, cultivateurs et ouvriers du departe¬ ment, et a subvenir aux frais de publication du rapport mentionne ci-dessus. General arrange¬ ments. 60 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . General Arrange¬ ments. Art. 4. —La Commission imperiale s’entendra avec les ministeres de la Guerre et de la Marine, pour ^organization du concours et des Colonies frangaises a l’Exposition universelle. *Art. 5.—Les Commissions constitutes par les divers Gouvernements etrangers pour diriger la participation de lears nationaux a l’Exposition uni¬ verselle correspondent directement avec la Commission imperiale pour tout ce qui concerne l’exposition des oeuvres d’art et des autres produits de leurs pays. En consequence, la Commission imperiale ne correspond pas avec les exposants etrangers. Tout produit presente par un producteur etranger n’est admis que par 1’intervention de la Commission etrangere, dont celui-ci releve comme ex- posant. Les Commissaires etrangers, pourvoient d’ailleurs selon leurs convenances, au transport, a la reception, a Installation, et a la reexpedition des produits de leurs nationaux, en se conformant toutefois aux mesures d’ordre prescrites par la Commission imperiale. *Art. 6. —Les Commissaires etrangers sont invites a se mettre le plus tot possible en relation avec la Commission imperiale et a se faire representer aupres d’elle par un delegue. Ce delegue sera charge de traiter les questions qui interessent les exposants etrangers, et notamment eelles qui sont relatives a la repartition de 1’espace total entre les diverses nations et au mode d’instal- lation de chaque section nationale dans le Palais et dans le Parc. *Art. 7. —Pour faciliter la repartition de l’espace attribue a chaque nation entre les diverses classes de produits indiquees a Particle 11, la Commission imperiale tient a la disposition des delegues, a titre de renseignement, le plan d’installation, a l’echelle de 0 m ,002 par metre, adopte pour la section fransaise, du Palais. Ce plan indique la disposition des vitrines ou tables affectees a chaque classe de produits, ainsi que la forme, la hauteur et les autres dimensions des salles reservees a chaque classe. Un plan analogue d’installation, determinant les subdivisions de la partie du Palais destinee a chaque nation, devra etre remis a la Commission imperiale, par chaque Commission etrangere, avant le 31 octobre 1865. Des plans de detail, a l’echelle de 0 m ,002 par metre, indiquant la place at¬ tribute a chaque exposant et chaque installation individuelle, devront egalement etre remis, avec la liste des exposants, par chaque Commission etrangere, avant le 31 janvier 1866, pour que, dans les amenagements interieurs du Palais, la Commission imperiale puisse tenir compte des besoins de chaque nation. *Art. 8 .— Chaque nation peut reclamer, pour en faire son pare special, la portion du Champ de Mars attenant a l’emplacement qui lui est attribue dans le Palais. Le delegue de chaque Commission etrangere se concertera avec le Com- missaire general pour arreter le plan des voies publiques de circulation et des terrassements, qui doivent etre executes aux frais et par les soins de la Com¬ mission imperiale. Chaque delegue se concertera egalement avec le Commissaire general pour laisser a la disposition de la Commission imperiale les portion de terrain qui excederaient les besoins de ses nationaux, ou pour obtenir un supplement de terrain drns les surfaces auxquelles d’autres delegues auraient renonce. Pour faciliter autant que possible l’installation des exposants etrangers dans les portions du Parc qui leur sont attributes, la Commission imperiale tiendra a la disposition des delegues, a titre de renseignement, les plans adoptes paries exposants fran 9 ais pour l’installation des animaux, des plantes, des specimens d’habitation, etc. ( Piece A.) *Art. 9.—11 sera dresse un Catalogue officiel des produits de toutes les nations, indiquant la place qu’ils occupent dans le Palais ou dans le Parc. Ce catalogue contiendra duex repertoires alphabetiques, l’un des exposants, l’autre des produits. Les Commissaires etrangers sont invites a envoyer les reseigne- ments necessaires a la redaction du catalogue avant le 31 janvier 1866. Art. 10 .—Les Etats qui ne peuvent se faire representer, en 1867, a Paris, que par un petit nombre d’exposants, et qui sont d’ailleurs dans une meme situation geograpbique, sont invites a se concerter pour assurer le groupement methodique des produits de meme nature. Appendix (0.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 61 La Commission imperiale tient a la disposition des delegues des Commis¬ sions de ces Etats les plans qu’elle a prepares en vue de concilier les avantages d’un pareil gronpement avec la regie fondamentale de la representation par nationalite. La Commission imperiale invite les Commissaires de ces memes Etats, dans le cas on ils approuveraient ces plans, a constituer a Paris, pour chaque groupe, un syndicat charge de proceder a leur execution. Elle mettra gra- tuitement a la disposition de ces syndicats ses architectes et ses employes. *Art. 11 .—Dans chaque section consacree aux exposants d’une meme nation, les objets seront repartis en 10 groupes et en 95 classes; savoir: l er Groupe.—(Euvres d’art. (Classes 1 a 5.) 2 e Groupe.—Materiel et applications des arts liberaux. (Classes 6 a 13.) 3 e Groupe.—Meubles et autres objets destines a l’habitation. (Classes 14 a 26.) 4 e Groupe.—Vetements (tissus compris) et autres objets portes par la personne. (Classes 27 a 39.) 5 e Groupe.—Produits (bruts et ouvres) des industries extractives. (Classes 40 a 46.) 6 e Groupe.—Instruments et procedes des arts usuels. (Classes 47 a 66.) 7 e Groupe.—Aliments (frais ou conserves), a divers degres de preparation. (Classes 67 a 73.) 8 e Groupe.—Produits vivants et specimens d’etablissements de l’agriculture. (Classes 74 a 82.) 9 e Groupe.—Produits vivants et specimens d’etablissements de rhorticulture. (Classes 83 a 88.) 10 e Groupe.—Objets specialement exposes en vue d’ameliorer la condition physique et morale des populations. (Classes 89 a 95.) Les objets qui se rapportent a ces groupes sont indiques en detail dans le Systeme de classification (Piece A.) annexe au present Reglement. La Commission imperiale, afin de tenir compte des observations qui lui seraient adressees par les exposants fran£ais et les Commissaires etrangers, se reserve d’eclaircir, dans les editions successive de ce document, les doutes que la premiere redaction pourrait soulever. *Art. 12 .—Aucune oeuvre d’art, aucun produit expose dans le Palais ou dans le Parc, ne peut etre dessine, copie, ni reproduit sous une forme quel- conque, sans une autorisation de l’exposant qui en est l’auteur. La Commission imperiale se reserve d’autoriser la reproduction des vues d’ensemble. *Art. 13.—Aucune oeuvre d’art, aucun produit expose ne peut etre retire avant la cloture de l’Exposition sans une autorisation speciale de la Commis¬ sion imperiale. *Art. 14. — Les exposants fran^ais ou etrangers n’ont a payer aucun loyer pour la place qu’ils occupent a l’Exposition ; mais tons les frais d’installation et de decoration, dans le Palais ou dans le Parc, sont a leur charge. *Art. 15.—Les Fran£ais et les etrangers, en acceptant la qualite d’ex- posant, declarent, par cela meme, adherer aux dispositions du present Reglement. Art. 16.—La Commission imperiale correspond avec les Prefets et autres autorites de l’Empire fran^ais par l’intermediaire du President ou du Com- missaire general. Art. 17.—Toute communication relative a l’Exposition doit etre adressee a M. le Consviller d’ Etcit, Comtnissaire general de VExposition universelle de 1867, a la Paris. L’affranchissement n’est pas necessaire dans le ressort du service postal fran§ais. Deuxieme Section. Dispositions Speciales aux (Euvres d'Art. *Art. 18.—Sont admissibles a l’Exposition les oeuvres des artistes frangais et etrangers executees depuis le l er janvier 1855. *Art. 19.—Sont exclus: 1 ° Les copies, meme celles qui reproduisent un ouvrage dans un genre different de celui de l’original; Groups and classes. "Works of art. 62 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. 2 ° Les tableaux a l’huile, miniatures, aquarelles, pastels, dessins et cartons de vitraux et de fresques, lorsqu’ils ne sont pas encadres; 3° Les sculptures en terre non cuite. Art. 20. —La Commission imperiale statue, avec le concours d’un Jury special, sur l’admission des oeuvres des artistes fran 9 ais. La composition et la nomination de ce Jury, ainsi que les formalites qu’auront a remplir les Fra^ais pour demander l’admission d’une oeuvre d’art a l’Exposition, seront fixees par un reglement ulterieur; ce reglement fera connaitre le mode d’exposition et de reception des oeuvres d’art. Art. 21 .—La Commission imperiale notifiera aux interessees, avant le l er janvier 1867, les decisions qu’elle aura prises sur les demandes d’admission concernant les oeuvres d’art. *Art. 22.—II sera statue ulterieurement sur le nombre et la nature des recompenses qui pourront etre decernees au sujet des oeuvres d’art, ainsi que sur la constitution du Jury international qui sera appele a les juger. Troisieme Section. Dispositions Speciales aux Produits de VAgriculture et de VIndustrie. Titre Premier. Admission et Classement des Prodoits. *Art. 23.— Sont admissibles a l’Exposition tous les produits de l’agri- culture et de l’industrie sauf les exceptions et les reserves mentionnees a Particle suivant. *Art. 24.—Sont exclues les matieres detonantes, fulminantes et toute autre matiere jugee dangereuse. Ne sont re§us que dans des vases solides, appropries et de dimensions Detonating restreintes, les esprits ou alcools, les huiles et les essences, les matieres corro- and explo- sives et generalement les corps qui peuvent alterer les autres produits exposes ducts P n 0 ot ou incommoder le public. admitted. : Les capsules, les pieces d’artificqs, les allumettes chimiques et autres objets analogues, ne peuvent etre regus qu’a l’etat d’imitation et sans aucune addition de matiere inflammable. *Art. 25.—Les exposants de produits incommodes ou insalubres doivent se conformer en tout temps aux mesures de surete que leur sont prescrites. La Commission imperiale se reserve le droit de faire retirer les produits de toute provenance qui, par leur nature ou leur masse, lui paraitraient nuisibles ou incompatibles avec le but et les convenances de PEx position. Art. 26.—Avant le 15 aout 1865, la Commission imperiale notifiera aux Commissions etrangeres l’espace accorde a chacune d’elles pour exposer les produits de ses nationaux. Avant le 25 aout 1865, la Commission imperiale publiera un tableau des espaces attribues. dans l’emplacement de la section fran 9 aise, a chacune des 73 premieres classes indiquees a Particle 11. Art. 27.—Apres cette publication, les producteurs fran 9 ais exe^ant les industries comprises dans une meme classe sont invites a s’entendre entre eux pour faire un projet d’installation dans l’emplacement qui aura ete affecte a leur classe. S’ils se sont mis d’accord sur le choix des exposants que cet emplacement permet d’admettre, et sur l’espace qui devra etre alloue a chacun d’eux, ils designeront un ou plusieurs delegues pour prendre les informations necessaires aupres de la Commission imperiale, lui soumettre leur plan et leur liste d’exposants, et, en general, representer aupres d’elle les interets communs de ces derniers. Art. 28.—A defaut des reunions spontanees prevues a Particle precedent, les autorites municipales des centres manufacturiers, les cbambres de com¬ merce, les chambres consultatives des arts et manufactures, les societes artistiques ou industrielles, les societes et cornices agricoles, sont invites a provoquer le concert des producteurs de leur circonscription. Art. 29. —Les comites departementaux (art. 3) recevront de la Commis¬ sion imperiale, et communiqueront aux chambres consultatives d’agriculture, aux societes et aux cornices agricoles du departement, les plans adoptes pour Admission and classifi¬ cation of agricultural and indus¬ trial pro¬ ducts. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 63 representer l’agriculture des diverses regions de la Trance afin qu’ils con- courent a la realization de ces plans. Ils inviteront surtout ces societes et ces cornices a preparer des expositions collectives des types d’animaux et de plantes, d’etablissements ruraux et d’usines agricoles. Les comites departementaux d’une grande region agricole se concerteront, autant que possible, pour representer, sans double emploi, les traits caracte- ristiques de l’agriculture de cette region. Art. 30.—Les demandes d’admission se rapportant aux installations men- tionnees aux articles 27, 28, 29, sont faites par les delegues des interesses qui se sont entendus, ou par ceux des corps ou societes qui en ont pris l’initiative. A cet effet, les delegues feront remplir et signer par cbaque exposant, en double expedition, la demande d’admission. Ils adresseront ces demandes au Commissaire general, a Paris (art. 17). Art. 31.—Toute installation preparee, soit par une entente spontanee des producteurs d’une meme classe, soit sous l’influence des comites departe¬ mentaux, des autorites municipales, des chambres de commerce, des chambres consultatives, des societes ou cornices agricoles, des societes artistiques ou industrielles, sera acceptee par la Commission imperiale, si aucune reclamation ne se produit, et si, d’ailleurs, les convenances generates de l’Exposition sont observees. Art. 32.—Les expositions ainsi conyues en commun se composent d’instai- lations individuelles et distinctes, a moins qu’il ne convienne a tous les interesses de faire une exposition reunissant, sans designation de personnes, les produits d’une localite ou d’une region. Art. 33.—Dans le cas des expositions faites conformement aux articles 27, 28, et 29, les producteurs qui auraient a presenter une reclamation l’adres- seront directement au Commissaire general, qui la soumettra a la Commission imperiale. Art. 34.—Dans le cas ou le concert prevu par les articles 27, 28, et 29, n’aurait pas eu lieu, les producteurs rempliront et signeront individuellement deux expeditions de la demande d’admission (art. 30) ; ces deux expeditions seront adressees au Commissaire general, a Paris (art. 17). Art 35.—Les demandes d’admission, les reclamations et toutes les pieces qui s’y rapportent, doivent etre adressees a Paris, avant le 31 octobre 1865. Passe cette date, toute demande ou reclamation ne pourra etre accueillie que par decision speciale de la Commission imperiale. * Art. 36.—Les constructeurs d’appareils exigeant P emploi del’eau, du gaz ou de la vapeur, doivent declarer, en faisant leur demande d’admission, la quantite de gaz ou de vapeur, qui leur est necessaire. Ceux qui veulent mettre des machines en mouvement indiqueront quelle sera la vitesse propre de chacune de ces machines et la force motrice dont elle aura besoin. Art. 37.— Des Comites d’admission, institues par la Commission imperiale, pour les neuf groupes de l’agriculture et de i’industrie (art. 11), donnent leur avis sur les demandes individuelles d'admission et sur les reclamations mentionnee a Particle 33. La Commission imperiale prononce seule l’admission des exposants. Art. 38.—Chaque exposant fran 9 ais recevra, avant le 32 decembre 1865, un bulletin cTexposant portant son numero d’ordre, les dimensions de l’espace mis a sa disposition et l’adresse qui devra etre place sur les colis a expedier. Titre II. Envoi, Reception et Installation des Produits au Palais et dans le Parc. * Art. 39.— L’emballage et le transport des produits envoyes a l’Exposition et des produits qui y ont figure, sont a la charge des exposants, tant pour Taller que pour le retour. Art. 40.— Les colis d’origine franyaise renfermant des produits destinees a l’Exposition, doivent porter, comme marques, les lettres E.U. entourees d’un cercle (eu) ; portent, en outre, le numero d’ordre de l’exposant et l’adress® ’Exposition, telle qu’elle est indiquee sur le bulletin d’exposant (art. 38). Regulation for admis¬ sion and classification of goods. Rules for despatch and recep¬ tion of goods. 64 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Rules for despatch and recep¬ tion of goods. La lettre de voiture accompagnant le colis repetera avec le nom de l’ex- posant ce numero d’ordre et cette adresse. L’expediteur devra fixer sur deux des faces du colis l’etiquette qui lui aura ete envoyee en double, a cet effet, par les soins de la Commission imperiale. * Art. 41. —Pour ce qui concerne l’expedition et la reception des produits, la Commission imperiale s’abstient de toute immixtion entre les entrepre¬ neurs de transport et les exposants. Les exposants doivent enc onsequence pourvoir, soit par eux memes, soit par leurs agents, a l’expedition et a la reception des colis et a la reconnaissance de leur contenu. Si le destinataire ou son agent n’est pas present pour recevoir les colis a leur arrivee dans l’enceinte de l’Exposition, 1’entrepreneur de transport est tenu de les remporter immediatement. * Art. 42.—Les colis d’origine etrangere devront tous porter l’indication bien visible de leur provenance. La Commission imperiale se concertera avec les Commissaires etrangers pour que 1’expedition de ces colis se fasse con- formement aux regies indiquees a l’article 40 pour les colis d’origine frangaise; toutefois, sur ce point, les Commissaires etrangers adopteront le regime qu’ils jugeront le plus convenable. * Art 43.—Les produits tant frangais qu’dtrangers seront admis dans 1’enceinte de l’Exposition, a partir du 15 janvier 1867, jusques et y compris le 10 mars suivant. Ces dates pourront etre, par des dispositions speciales, devancees pour les objets dont ^installation est difficile, on differees pour les objets de grande valeur. * Art. 44.—L’enceinte de l’Exposition est constitute en entrepet reel de douane. Les produits etrangers destines a l’Exposition seront admis, a ce titre, jusqu’au 5 mars 1867, par les ports et villes frontieres designe ci-apres : — Dunkerque, Lille, Valenciennes, Feignies, Jeumont, Vireux, Givet, Longwy, Thionville, Forbach, Wissembourg, Strasbourg, Saint-Louis, Pontarlier, Bellegarde, Saint-Michel, Nice, Marseille, Cette, Le Perthus, Hendaye , 1 Bayonne, Bordeaux, Nantes, Saint-Nazaire, Granville, Le Havre, Dieppe, Eouen, Boulogne, Calais. * Art. 45.—La Commission imperiale determinera par des instructions speciales, l’epoque a laquelle les materiaux destines aux constructions formant objet d’exposition, les machines et appareils demontes, les objets lourds ou encombrants, ceux qui exigent des massifs ou des fondations particulieres devront etre amenes dans l’enceinte de l’Exposition. Ces travaux de construction et d’installation seront executes par les exposants et a leurs frais, conformement aux plans presents par eux a l’approbation de la Commission imperiale. * Art. 46.—La Commission imperiale fournit gratuitement l’eau, le gaz, la vapeur et la force motrice pour les machines qui out donne lieu a la declara¬ tion mentionnee a l’art. 36. Cette force est, en general, transmise par un arbre de couche dont la Commission imperiale fera connaitre, avant le 31 decernbre 1865, le diametre et le nombre de tours par minute. Les exposants ont a fournir la poulie sur l’arbre de couche, les poulies conductrices, l’arbre de transmission intermediate destine a regler la vitesse propre de l’appareil, ainsi que les courroies necessaires a chacune de ces transmissions. Les machines a vapeur qui devraient etre alimentees F par leurs propres chaudieres, ne pouvant etre exposees dans le Palais, seront l’objet d’instructions speciales. Art. 47.—Tous les autres frais, tels que: manutention dans l’exposition ; reception et ouverture des colis; enlevement et conservation des caisses et emballages ; construction des tables, estrades, vitrines ou casiers ; installation des produits dans le Palais et dans le Parc ; decoration des emplacements y reexpedition des produits, sont a la charge des exposants, tant frangais qu’etrangers. 1 Un bureau de douane, it Ctablir sur le chemin de fer, en construction, de Barcelona a Perpignan, sera ult^rieurement dCsignd. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 65 Art. 48.—Les arrangements et l’ornementation des installations de la section fra^aise, dans le Palais et dans le Parc, ne peuvent etre executes que conformement au plan general et sous la surveillance des agents de la Commission imperiale. * La Commission imperiale indiquera aux exposants qui en feront la demande, des entrepreneurs pour l’execution de leurs travaux et pour la manutention de leurs colis ; mais les exposants resteront libres d’employer des entrepreneurs ou des ouviers de leur choix. * Art. 49.—Les installations diverses pourront etre mises en place dans le Palais au fur et a mesuie de l’achevemect des constructions; elles devront etre commencees au plus tard le l er decembre 1866, et etre pretres a recevoir les produits avant le 15 janvier 1867. * Art. 50.—Les espaces reserves en dehors des installations de produits etant strictement calcules pour les besoins de la circulation, il est interdit d’y laisser stationner les colis ou les caisses vides. En consequence, les colis devront etre deballes au fur et a mesure de leur reception. La Commission imperiale procedera d’office, pour le compte des exposants et a leurs risques et perils, au deballage des colis abandonnes par eux sur les voies de circulation. Du 11 au 28 mars 1867, les produits deja deballes et places dans les installations devront y etre arranges et etales pour l’Exposition. Le 29 et le 30 mars sont reserves pour un nettoyage general. La revision de toute l’Exposition aura lieu le 31 mars. La Commission imperiale prendra toutes les mesures necessaires pour que l’Exposition soit complete au 28 mars, dans toutes ses parties. En conse¬ quence, elle disposera de tout emplacement qui, au 14 janvier 1867, ne serait pas occupe par une installation toute prete, ou de toute installation qui, au 10 mars, n’aurait pas re^u des produits en quantite suffisante. * Art. 51.—Aussitot apres le deballage, les caisses ayant servi au transport des produits de toute provenance doivent etre emportees par les exposants ou leurs agents. Eaute par eux d’y pourvoir immediatement, la Commission imperiale fait enlever les caisses et emballages, sans prendre aucune responsabilitie pour leur conservation. * Art. 52.—Des instructions speciales seront publiees nlterieurement pour l’organization et l’installation des produits et des objets d’exposition qui doivent prendre place dans le Parc. Titre III. Administration et Police. * Art. 53.—Les produits sont exposes sous le nom du producteur. Us peuvent, avec l’agrement dc ce dernier, porter, en outre, le nom du negotiant qui en est le depcsitaire habituel. La Commission imperiale se concerte au besoin avec des negotiants pour faire figurer sous leur nom a l’Exposition, des produits qui ne seraient pas presentes par les producteurs. * Art. 54.—Les exposants sont invites a inscrire a la suite de leur nom ou de leur raison sociale, les noms des personnes qui ont contribue d’une maniere speciale au merite des produits exposes, soit a titre d’inventeur, soit par le dessin des modeles, soit par les procedes d’execution, soit par l’habilete exceptionnelle du travail manuel. * Art. 55.—Le prix de vente au comptant et le lieu de vente peuvent etre indiques sur les objets exposes. Cette indication est exigee pour tons les objets compris dans la classe 91. Dans toutes les classes, les prix, s’ils sont indiques, sont obligatoires pour l’exposant, vis-a-vis de l’acheteur, sous peine d’exclusion du concours. Les objets vendus ne peuvent etre enleves avant la fin de l’Exposition, a moms d’une autorisation speciale de la Commission imperiale. * Art. 56.—La Commission imperiale prendra les mesures necessaires pour garantir de toute avarie les produits exposes ; mais elle ne sera, en aucune Rules for despatch and recep¬ tion of goods. General administra¬ tion and police ar¬ rangements. 60 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. General administra¬ tion and police ar¬ rangements. Close of Ex¬ hibition and removal of goods. fa£on, responsable des incendies, accidents, degats ou dommages dont ils auraient a souffrir, quelle qu’en soit la cause ou l’importance. Elle laisse aux exposants le soin d' assurer leurs produits, directement et a leurs frais, s’ils jugent a propos de racourir a cette garantie. Elle fera surveiller, par le personnel necessaire, les produits exposes, mais elle ne sera pas responsable des vols et detournements qui pourraient etre commis. * Art. 57.—Un reglement special, affiche dans le Palais et dans le Parc, determinera l’ordre du service interieur. II fera connaitre les agents charges de venir en aide aux exposants et de veiller a la securite de l’Exposition. *Art. 58.—Une carte d’entree gratuite a l’Exposition est delivree a chaque exposant. Cette carte est personelle. Elle est retiree, s’il est constate qu’elle a ete pretee ou cedee a une autre personne, le tout sans prejudice des poursuites de droit. Pour assurer cette partie du service, la carte d’entree est signee par le titulaire. Celui-ci est tenu d’entrer par des portes determinees, et il peut etre requis d’etablir son identite en apposant sa signature sur une feuille de controle. * Art. 59.—Les exposants ont la faculte' de faire garder leurs produits par des agents de leur choix, qui devront etre agrees par la Commission imperiale. Des cartes d’entree gratuites et personelles sont delivrees a ces agents, sous les conditions enoncees dans l’articles precedent. Un agent d’exposants ne peut avoir plus d’une carte d’entree, quel que soit le nombre des exposants qu’il represente. * Art. 60. —Les exposants ou leurs agents s’abstiendront de provoquer les visiteurs a faire des achats ; ils se borneront a repondre aux questions, a delivrer les addresses, prospectus et prix courants, qui leur seront demandes. * Art. 61.—La Commission imperiale fixera ulterieurement le tarif des prix d’entree que les visiteurs auront a payer pour etre admis dans l’enceinte de l’Exposition. * Art. 62.—II sera institue un Jury international des recompenses, partage en neuf groupes correspondant aux neuf groupes des produits de l’agriculture et de l’industrie denommes dans le systeme de classification (art. 11 et Piece A.) Un Reglement ulterieur determinera le nombre, la nature et les divers degres de recompenses, ainsi que la constitution et les attributions du Jury charge de les repartir. Art. 63. — II sera procede a des etudes et a. des experiences, sous la direc¬ tion des membres du Jury des recompenses et d’une commission scientifique, agricole et industrielle, nommee par la Commission imperiale. Des publications feront connaitre les resultats d’interet general signales par ces travaux. Art. 64.—Des conferences et des demonstrations pourront etre faites dans les diverses parties de l’Exposition. Des cours et des lectures pourront etre, en outre, organises dans une salle construite a cet effect. Ces divers enseigne- ments ne pourront etre donnes qu’en vertu d’autorisations personelles delivrees par la Commission imperiale. Titre IY. Cloture de 1’Exposition et Enlevement des Produits. *Art. 65.—Aussit6t apres la clbture de l’Exposition, les exposants doivent proceder a Pemballage et a l’enlevement de leurs produits et de leurs instal¬ lations. Cette operation devra etre terminee avant le 30 novembre 1867. Passe ce terme, les produits, les colis et les installations qui n’auraient pas ete retires par les exposants ou leurs agents, seront enleves d’office et con- signes dans un magasin public, aux frais et risques des exposants. Les objets 67 Appendix (G.) to Air. Coles Report qui, au 30 Juin 1868, n’auraient pas ete retires de ce magasin, seront vendus publiquement; le produit net de la vente sera applique a une oeuvre de bienfaisance. Fait et delibere par la Commission imperiale, le 7 juillet 1865. Le Ministre d’Etat Yice-President, (signe) Rouher. Yu et annexe au decret du 12 juillet 1865. Le Ministre d’Etat, charge par interim du Ministere de l’Agriculture, du Commerce et des Travaux publics, (signe) Rouher. Le Secretaire de la Commission imperiale, (signe) De Chancourtois. Pour ampliation : Le Conseiller d’Etat, Commissaire general, (signe) F. Le Play. Piece A. SYSTEME DE CLASSIFICATION. l rc Groupe — CEuvre cTArt. Classe l er .—Peintures a l’Huile. (Palais, Galerie I.) Peintures sur toiles, sur panneaux, sur enduits divers. Classe 2.—Peintures diverses et Dessins. (Palais, Galerie I.) Miniatures, aquarelles; pastels et dessins de tous genres; peintures sur email, sur faience et sur porcelaine; cartons de vitraux et de fresques. Classe 3.—Sculptures et Gravures sur Medailles. (Palais, Galerie I.) Sculptures en ronde-bosse. Bas-reliefs. Sculptures repoussees et ciselees. Medailles, camees, pierres gravees. Nielles. Classe 4.—Dessins et Modeles d’Architecture. (Palais, Galerie I.) Etudes et fragments. Representations et projets d’edifices. Restaurations d’apres des ruines ou des documents. Classe 5.—Gravures et Lithographies. (Palais, Galerie I.) Gravures en noir. Gravures polychromes. Lithographies en noir, au crayon et au pinceau. Chromo-lithographies. 2 e Groupe. — Materiel et Applications des Arts liberaux. Classe 6.—Produits d’lmprimerie et de Librairie. (Palais, Galerie II.) Specimens de typographic ; epreuves autographiques; epreuves de litho¬ graphies, en noir ou en couleur : epreuves de gravures. Livres nouveaux et editions nouvelles de livres deja connus; collections d’ouvrages formant des bibJotheques speciales ; publications periodiques. Dessins, atlas et albums publies dans un but technique ou pedagogique. Classe 7.— Objets de Papeterie; Reliures, Materiel des Arts de la Peinture et du Dessin. (Palais, Galerie II.) Papiers ; cartes et cartons ; encres ; craies, crayons, pastels ; fournitures de bureau; articles de bureau ; encriers, pese-lettres, etc. Presses a copier. Objets confectionnes en papier ; abat-jour, lanternes, cache-pots, etc. Registres, cahiers, albums et carnets. Reliures mobiles, etuis. System of classifica¬ tion. Group I. Group II. System of classifica- cation. Group III, 68 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Produits divers pour lavis et aquarelles; couleurs en pains, en pastilles, en vessies, en tubes, en ecailles. Instruments et appareils a l’usage des peintres, dessinateurs, graoeurs et modeleurs. Classe 8.—Applications du Dessin et de la Plastique aux Arts Usuels. (Palais, Galerie II.) Dessins industriels. Dessins obtenus, reproduits ou reduits par procedes mecaniques. Peintures de decors. Lithographies ou gravures industrielles. Modeles et maquettes pour figures, ornements, &c. Objets sculptes. Camees, cachets et objets divers decores par la gravure. Objets de plastique industrielle obtenus par des procedes mecaniques; reduc¬ tions, photo-sculptures, &c. Objets moules. Classe 9.—Hlpreuves et Appareils de Photographie. (Palais, Galerie II.) Photographies sur papier, sur verre, sur bois, sur etoffe, sur email. Gravures heliographiques. lipreuves lithophotographiques. Cliches photographiques. ICpreuves stereoscopiques et stereoscopes, ifpreuves obtenues par amplifi¬ cation. Instruments, appareils et matieres premieres de la photographie. Materiel des ateliers de photographes. Classe 10.—Instruments de Musique. (Palais, Galerie II.) Instruments a vent non-metalliques: a embouchure simple, a bee de sifflet, a anches avec ou sans reservoir d’air. Instruments a vent metalliques : simples, a rallonges, a coulisses, a pistons, a clefs, a anches. Instruments a vent a clavier ; orgues, accordeons, etc. Instruments a cordes, pincees ou a archet, sans clavier. Instruments a cordes, a clavier: pianos, etc. Instru¬ ments a percussion ou a frottement. Instruments automatiques: orgues de barbarie, serinettes, etc. Pieces detachees et objets du materiel des ochestres. Classe 11.—Appareils et Instruments de l’Art Medical. (Palais, Galerie II.) Appareils et instruments de pansement et de petite chirurgie. Instruments d’exploration medicale. Appareils et instruments de chirurgie. Trousses et caisses d’instruments et de medicaments specialement destinees aux chirurgiens de l’armee et de la marine, aux veterinaires, aux dentistes, aux oculistes, etc. Appareils de secours aux noyes et aux asphyxies, etc. Appareils d’electro-therapie. Appareils d’anesthesie locale et generate. Ap¬ pareils de prothese plastique et mecanique. Appareils d’orthopedie, bandages herniaires, etc. Appareils divers destines aux malades, aux infirmes, aux alienes. Objets accessoires du service medical, chirurgical et pharmaceutique des hopitaux et infirmeries. Materiel des recherches anatomiques. Appareils destines aux recherches de medecine legale. Materiel special de la medecine veterinaire. Appareils balneatoires, hydrotherapiques, etc. Appareils et instruments destines a l’education physique des enfants ; gymnastique medicale et hygienique. Materiel des secours a donner aux blesses sur le champ de bataille. Ambu¬ lances civiles et militaires, destinees au service des armees de terre et de mer. Classe 12.—Instruments de Precision et Materiel de PEnseignement des Sciences. (Palais, Galerie II.) Instruments de geometrie pratique : compas, verniers, vis micrometriques, planimetres, machines a calculer, etc. Appareils et instruments d’arpentage, de topographie, de geodesie et d’astronomie. Materiel des divers observa- toires. Appareils et instruments des arts de precision. Mesures et poids des divers pays. Monnaies et medailles. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report. 69 Balances de precision. Appareils et instruments de physique et de mete- orologie. Instruments d’optique usuels. Materiel de l’enseignement des sciences physiques, de la geometrie elemen- taire, de la geometrie descriptive, de la stereotomie, de la mecanique. Modeles et instruments destines a l’enseignement technologique en general. Collections pour Penseignement des sciences naturelles. Figures et modeles pour Penseignement des sciences medicales : pieces d’anatomie plastique, etc. Classe 13 —Cartes et Appareils de Geographic et de Cosmographie. (Palais, Galerie II.) Cartes et atlas topographiques, geographiques, geologiques, hydrogra- phiques, astronomiques, etc. Cartes marines. Cartes physiques de toutes sortes. Plans en relief. Globes et spheres terrestres et celestes. Appareils pour l’etude de la cosmo¬ graphie. Ouvrages et tableaux de statistique. Tables et ephemerides a l’usage des astronomes et des marins. 3 e Groupe. —Meubles et autres Objets destines a VHabitation .* Classe 14.—Meubles de Luxe. (Palais, Galerie III.) Buffets, bibliotheques, tables, toilettes ; lits ; canapes ; sieges ; billards, etc. Classe 15. —Ouvrages des Tapissier et de Decorateur. (Palais, Galerie III.) Objets de literie. Sieges garnis, baldaquins, rideaux, tentures d’etoffes et de tapisseries. Objets de decoration et d’ameublement en pierres et en matieres precieuses. Pates moulees, et objets de decoration en platre, carton-pierre, etc. Cadres. Peintures en decors. Meubles, ornements en decors pour les services religieux. Classe 16.—Cristaux, Verrerie de Luxe et Vitraux. (Palais, Galerie III.) Gobletterie de cristal, eristaux tailles, cristaux doubles, cristaux montes, etc. Verres a vitres et a glaces. Yerres fagonnes, emailles, craqueles, fili- granes, etc. Verres, cristaux d’optique, objets d’ornement, etc. Vitraux peints. Classe 17.—Porcelaines, .Faiences et autres Poteries de Luxe. (Palais, Galerie III.) Biscuits. Porcelaines dures et porcelaines tendres. Faiences fines a couverte coloree, etc. Biscuits de faience. Terres cuites. Laves emaillees. Gres cerames. Classe 18. —Tapis, Tapisseries et autres Tissus d’Ameublement. (Palais, Galerie III.) Tapis, moquettes, tapisseries, epingles ou veloutes. Tapis de feutre, de drap, de tontisse, de soie ou de bourre de soie. Tapis de sparterie, nattes. Tapis de caoutchouc. Tissus d’ameublement, de coton, de laine ou de soie, unis ou fagonnes, Tissus de crin. Cuirs vegetaux, moleskines, etc. Cuirs de tenture et d’ameublement. Toiles cirees. * Les objets d’usage courant destines a 1’habitation, et qui se recoinmandent par le> qualites utiles et unies au bon marcli6, sont methodiquement exposes dans la classe 91 (groupe 10). 1 . G System of classifica¬ tion. Group II. System of classifica¬ tion. Group III. System of classifica¬ tion. Group III. 70 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. . Classe 19.—Papiers peints. (Palais, Galerie III.) Papiers imprimes a la planclie, au rouleau, a la machine. Papiers veloutes, marbres, veines, etc. Papiers pour cartonnages, reliures, etc. Papiers a sujets artistiques. Stores peints ou imprimes. Classe 20. —Coutellerie. (Palais, Galerie III.) Couteaux, Canifs, Ciseaux, Rasoirs, etc. Produits divers de la Coutellerie. Classe 21.— Orfevrerie. (Palais, Galerie III.) Orfevrerie religieuse, orfevrerie de decoration et de table, orfevrerie pour utensiles de toilette, de bureau, etc. Classe 22.-—Bronzes d’Art, Pon es d’Art diverses et Ouvrages en Metaux Repousses. (Palais, Galerie III.) Statues et bas-reliefs de bronze, de fonte de fer, de zinc, etc. Bronzes de decoration ou d’ornement. Imitation de bronzes en fonte, en zinc, etc. Fontes revetues d’enduits metalliques par galvanoplastie. Repousses en cuivre, en plomb, en zinc, etc. Classe 23.—Horlogerie. (Palais, Galerie III.) Pieces detachees d’horlogerie. Horloges, pendules, montres, chronometres, regulateurs. Compteurs a secondes, a pointage, etc. Appareils pour la mesure du temps : sabliers, clepsydres. Horloges electriques. Classe 24.—Appareils et Procedes de Chauffage et d’Eclairage. (Palais, Galerie III.) Foyers, cheminees, poeles et caloriferes. Objets accessoires du chauffage. Fourneaux. Appareils pour le chauffage au gaz. Appareils de chauffage par circulation d’eau chaude ou d’air chaud. Ap¬ pareils de ventilation. Appareils de dessiccation : etuves. Lampes d’emailleur, chalumeaux, forges portatives. Lampes servant a l’eclairage au moyen des huiles animates, vegetales ou minerales. Accessoires de l’eclairage. Allumettes. Appareils et objets accessoires de l’eclairage au gaz. Lampes photo-electriques. Appareils pour l’eclairage au moyen du mag¬ nesium, etc. Classe 25.—Parfumerie. (Palais, Galerie III.) Cosmetiques et pommades. Huiles parfumees ; essences parfumees, extraits et eaux de senteur, vinaigres aromatises ; pates d’amandes, poudres, pastilles et sachets parfumes ; parfums a bruler. Savons de toilette. Classe 26.—Objets de Maroquinerie, de Tabletterie et de Yannerie. (Palais, Galerie III.) Petits meubles de fantaisie, caves a liqueurs, boites a gants, coffrets, etc. Objets de laque. Boites, ecrins, necessaires. Porte-monnaie, porte-feuilles, carnets, porte- cigares. Objets tournes, guilloches, sculptes, graves, en bois, en ivoire, en ecaille, etc. Tabatieres, pipes. Peignes ; objets de brosserie. Corbeilles et paniers de fantaisie, clissages et objets de sparterie fine. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Colds Report. 71 4 e Groupe. — Vetements (Tissas compris ),* et autres Objets portes par la Personne. Classe 27.—Fils ut Tissus de Coton. (Palais, Galerie IY.) Cotons prepares et files. Tissus de coton pur, unis ou fa 9 onnes. Tissus de coton melange. Velours de coton. Rubannerie de coton. Classe 28.—Fils et Tissus de Lin, de Cbanvre, etc. (Palais, Galerie IY.) Lins, chanvres et autres fibres vegetales filees. Toiles et coutils. Batistes. Tissus de fil avec melange de coton ou de soie, Tissus de fibres vegetales, equivalents du lin et du chanvre. Classe 29.—Fils et Tissus de Laine peignee. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Laines peignees ; fils de laine peignee. Mousselines, cachemires d’fScosse, merinos, serges, etc. Rubans et galons de laine melangee de coton ou de fil, de soie, ou de bourre de soie. Tissus de poils purs ou melanges. Classe 30.—Fils et Tissus de Laine cardee. (Palais, Galerie IY.) Laines cardees ; fils de laine cardee. Draps et autres tissus foules de laine cardee. Couvertures. Feutres de laine ou poil pour tapis, chapeaux, chaussons. Tissus de laine cardee nou foules ou legerement foules : flanelles, tartans, molletons. Classe 31.—Soies et Tissus de Soie (Palais, Galerie IY.) Soies greges et moulinees. Fils de bourre de soie. Tissus de soie pure, unis, fa 9 onnes, broches. Etoffes de soie melangee d’or, d’argent, de coton, de laine, de fil. Tissus de bourre de soie, pure ou melangee. Velours et peluches. Rubans de soie pure ou melangee. Classe 32.—Chales. (Palais, Gallerie IY. Chales de laine pure ou melangee. Chales de cachemire. Chales de soie, etc. Classe 33.—Dentelles, Tulles, Broderies et Passementeries. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Dentelles de fil ou de coton faites au, faseau, a l’aiguille ou a la mecanique. Dentelles de soie, de laine ou de poil de chevre. Dentelles d’or ou d’argent. Tulles de soie ou de coton, unis ou broches. Broderies au piemetis, au crochet, etc. Broderies d’or, d’argent, de soie, Broderies-tapisseries et autres ouvrages a la main. Passementeries de soie, bourre de soie, laine, poil de chevre, crin, fil et coton ; lacets. Passementeries en fin et en faux. Passementeries speciales pour equipement militaire. Classe 34.—Articles de Bonneterie et de Lingerie ; objets accessoires du Vetement. (Palais, Galerie IY.) Bonneterie de coton, de fil, de laine ou de cachemire, de soie ou de bourre de soie, purs ou melanges. * Les objets d’usage courant destines au v6tement, et qui se recommandent par les rualitCs utiles unies au bon marchC, sont mbthodiqueruent exposes dans la classe 91 (groupe 10). G 2 System of classifica¬ tion. Group IV. System of classifica- tion. Group IY. System of classifica¬ tion. Group Y. 72 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Lingerie confectionee pour hommes, pour femmes et pour enfants. Layettes. Confections de flanelles et autres tissus de laine. Corsets. Cravats. Gants. Guetres. Eventails ; ecrans. Parapluies, ombrelles, Cannes, etc. Classe 35.—Habillements des deux Sexes. (Palais, Galerie IY.) Habits d’hommes ; habits de femmes. Coiffures d’hommes ; coiffures de femmes. Perruques et ouvrages en cheveux. Chaussures. Confections pour enfants. Vetements speciaux aux diverses professions. Classe 36.—Joaillerie et Bijouterie. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Bijoux en metaux precieux (or, platine, argent, aluminium), ciseles, fili- granes, ornes de pierres fines, etc. Bijoux en double et en faux. Bijoux en jayet, ambre, corail, nacre, acier, etc. Diamants, pierres fines, perles et imitations. Classe 37.—Armes portatives. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Armes defensives: boucliers, cuirasses, casques. Armes contondantes: massues, casse-tete. Armes blanches: fleurets, epees, sabres, baionnettes, lances, haches. Cou- teaux de chasse. Armes de jet: arcs, arbaletes, frondes. Armes a feu : fusils, carabines, pistolets, revolvers. Objets accessoires d’arquebuserie: poudrieres, monies a balles. Projectiles spheriques, oblongs, creux, explosibles. Capsules, amorces, cartouches. Classe 38.—Objets de Voyage et de Campement. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Malles, valises, sacoches, etc. Necessaires et trousses de voyage. Objets divers: couvertures de voyage ; coussins; coiffures, costumes, et chaussures de voyage, batons ferres et a grappin, parasols, etc. Materiel portatif specialement destine aux voyages et expeditions scienti- fiques: appareils de photographie, instruments pour les observations astrono- miques et meteorologiques ; necessaires et baggage du geologue, du mineralo- giste, du naturaliste, du colon pionnier, etc. Tentes et objets de campement. Mobilier des tentes militaires: lits, hamacs, sieges pliants. Cantines: moulins, fours de campagne, etc. Classe 39.—Bimbeloterie. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Poupes et jouets. Figures de cire et’figurines. Jeux destines aux recrea¬ tions des enfants ou des adultes. Jouets instructifs. 5 e GrOUPE .—Produits (bruts et ouvres ) des industries extractives. Classe 40.—Produits de l’exploitation des mines et de la metallurgie. (Palais, Galerie V.) Collections et echantillons de roches, mineraux et minerals. Roches d’orne- ment: marbres, serpentines, onyx. Roches dures. Materiaux refractaires. Terres et argiles. Produits mineraux divers. Soufre brut. Sel gemme, sel des sources salees. Bitumes et petroles. Echantillons de combustibles crus et carbonises. Agglomeres de houille. Metaux bruts : fontes, fers, aciers, fers aciereux, cuivre, plomb, argent zinc, etc. Alliages metalliques. 73 Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report Produits de l’art du laveur de cendres et de l’affineur de metaux precieux, du batteur d’or, etc. Produits de l’electro-metallurgie: objets dores, argentes, cuivres, acieres, etc., par la galvanoplastie. Produits de l’elaboration des metaux bruts: fontes moulees ; cloches ; fers marchands; fers speciaux ; toles et fers-blancs ; toles extra pour blindages et constructions. Toles de cuivre, de plomb, de zinc. Metaux ouvres: pieces de forge et de grosse serrurerie ; roues et bandages ; tubes sans soudure; chaines, etc. Produits de la trefilerie. Aiguilles, epingles ; treillages, tissus metalliques. Toles perforees. Produits de la quincaillerie, de la taillanderie, de la ferronnerie, de la cliau- dronnerie, de la tolerie et de la ferblanterie. Metaux ouvres divers. Classe 41.—Produits des Exploitations et des Industries Forestieres. (Palais, Galerie V.) Echantillons d’essences forestieres. Bois d’oeuvre, de chauffage et de con¬ struction. Bois ouvres pour la marine ; merrains, bois de fente. Lieges; ecorces textiles. Matieres tannantes, colorantes, odorantes, resineuses, etc. Produits des industries forestieres: bois torrefies et charbons ; potasses brutes ; objets de boissellerie, de vannerie, de sparterie ; sabots, &c. Classe 42.—Produits de la Chasse, de la Peche et des Cueillettes. (Palais, Galerie Y.) Collections et dessins d’animaux terrestres et amphibies, d’oiseaux, d’ceufs, de poissons, de cetaces, de mollusques et de crustaces. Produits de la chasse: fourrures et pelleteries, poils, crins, plumes, duvets ; cornes, dents, ivoire, os; ecalle, muse, castoreum et produits analogues. Produits de la peche ; huile de baleine, spermaceti, etc.; fanons de baleine ; ambre gris; coquilles de mollusques, perles, nacres, sepia, pourpre ; coraux, eponges. Produits des cueillettes ou recoltes obtenues sans culture: champignons, truffes, fruits sauvages, lichens employes pour teintures, aliments et fourrages: seves fermentees ; quinquinas ; ecorces et filaments utiles ; cires, gommes- resines ; caoutchouc brut, gutta-percha, etc. Classe 43.—Produits Agricoles (non-alimentaires) de Facile Conservation. (Palais, Galerie V.) Matieres textiles: cotons bruts, lins et chanvres teilles et non teilles, fibres vegetales textiles de toute nature ; laines en suint; cocons de vers a soie. Produits agricoles divers, employes dans l’industrie, dans la pharmacie et dans l’economie domestique; plantes oleagineuses, huiles, cires, resines. Tabacs. Amadous. Matieres tannantes. Substances tinctoriales. Fourrages conserves. Classe 44.—Produits Chimiques et Pharmaceutiques. (Palais, Galerie Y.) Acides, alcalis. Sels de toutes sortes. Sel marin et produits de l’exploita- tion des eaux-meres. Produits divers des industries chimiques: cires et carps gras; savons et bougies ; matieres premieres de la parfumerie; resines, gourdrons et corps derives ; essences et vernis ; enduits divers, cirages. Produits de l’industrie du caoutchouc et de la gutta-percha ; matieres tinctoriales et couleurs. .Eaux minerales et eaux gazeuses, naturelles ou artificielles. Matieres pre¬ mieres de la pharmacie. Medicaments simples et composes. Classe 45.—Specimens des Proeedes Chimiques de Blanchiment, de Teintur d’impression et d’apprets. (Palais, Galerie V.) Echantillons de fils et tissus teints. Echantillons de preparations pour la teinture. System of classifica¬ tion. Group V. System of classifica¬ tion. Group Y. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VI. 74 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Toiles imprimees ou teintes. Tissus de coton, pur ou melange, imprimes. Tissus de laine, pure ou melangee, peignee ou cardee, imprimes ; Tissus de soie, pure ou melangee, imprimes. Tapis de feutre ou de drap imprimes. Toiles cirees. Nota. —On n’exposera dans cette classe que les specimens strictement necessaires pour faire appreeier la valeur des procedes. Classe 46.—Cuirs et Peaux. (Palais, Galerie V.) Matieres premieres employees dans la preparation des peaux et des cuirs. Peaux vertes, peaux salees. Cuirs tannes, corroyes, appretes ou teints Cuirs vernis. Maroquins et basanes. Peaux hongroyees, chamoisees, megis- sees, appretees ou teintes. Peaux preparees pour la ganterie. Pelleteries et fourrures appretees et teintes. Parchemins. Articles de boyauderie: cordes pour instruments de musique, baudruches, nerfs de bceuf, etc. 6 e Groupe. —Instruments et Procedes dss Arts Usuels. Classe 47.—Materiel et Procedes de l’Exploitation des Mines et de la Metal¬ lurgy. (Palais, Galerie VI. ; Parc.) Materiel des sondages pour recherches, pour puits artesiens et pour puits a grande section. Machines a forer les trous de mine, a abattre la houille et a debiter les roches. Appareils pour le tirage electrique des mines. Modeles, plans et vues de travaux d’exploitation de mines et carrieres. Tra- vaux de captage des eauxminerales. Echelles de mines mues par des machines. Materiel de l’extraction. Machines d’epuisement, pompes. Appareils d’aerage ; ventilateurs. Lampes de surete, lampes photo-electriques. Appareils de sauvetage, parachutes, signaux. Appareils de preparation mecanique des minerais et des combustibles mineraux. Appareils a agglomerer les combustibles. Appareils pour la carbonisation des combustibles. Foyers et fourneaux metallurgiques*, appareils fumivores. Materiel des usines metallurgiques. Materiel special des forges et fonderies. Appareils d’electro-metallurgie. Materiel des ateliers d'elaboration des metaux sous toutes les formes. Classe 48.—Materiel et Procedes des Exploitations Rurales et Forestieres. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Plans de culture, assolements et amenagements agricoles. Materiel et travaux du genie agricole : dessechements, drainage, irrigations. Plans et modeles de batiments ruraux. Outils, instruments, machines et appareils servant au labourage et autres faqons donnees* a la terre, a d’ensemencement et aux plantations, a la recolte, a la preparation et a la conservation des produits de la culture. Material des charrois et des transports ruraux. Machines locomobiles .et maneges. Matieres fertilisantes d’origine organique ou minerale. Appareils pour l’etude physique et chimique des sols. Plans de systemes de reboisement, d’amenagement, de culture des forets. Materiel des exploitations et des industries forestieres. Classe 49.—Engins et Instruments dela Chasse, de laPeche et des Cueillettes. (Palais, Galerie VI. ; Parc.) Armes, pieges, engins et equipements de chasse. Lignes et hameqons. Harpons. Filets. Appareils et appats de peche. Appareils et instruments pour la recolte des produits obtenus sans culture. Classe 50.—Materiel et Procedes des Usines Agricoles et des Industries Ali- mentaires. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Materiel des usines agricoles: fabriques d’engrais artificiels, de tuyaux de drainage ; fromageriet et laiteries; minoteries, feculeries, amidonneries ; huile- Appendix {G.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 75 ries, brasseries, distilleries, sucreries, rafiineries ; ateliers pour la preparation des matieres textiles ; magnaneries, etc. Materiel de la fabrication des produits alimentaires: petrisseurs et four mecaniques pour boulangers, utensiles de patisserie et de confiserie. Ap¬ pareils pour la fabrication des pates alimentaires. Machines a faire le biscuit de mer. Machines a preparer le chocolat. Appareils pour le torrefaction du cafe. Preparation des glaces et des sorbets ; fabrication de la glace. Classe 51.—Materiel des Arts Chimiques, de la Pharmacie, de la Tannerie. (Palais, Galerie VI. ; Parc.) Utensiles et appareils de labaratoire. Appareils et instruments destines aux essais industriels et commerciaux. Materiel et appareils des fabriques de produits chimiquess, de savons, de bougies. Materiel et procedes de la fabrication des essences, des vernis, des objets en caoutchouc et en gutta-percha. Materiel et appareils des usines a gaz. Materiel et procedes des blanchisseries. Materiel de la preparation des produits pharmaceutiques. Materiel des ateliers de tannerie et de megisserie. Materiel et procedes des verreries et des fabriques de produits ceramiques. Classe 52.—Moteurs, Generateurs et Appareils Mecaniques specialement adaptes aux besoins de l’Exposition. (Palais, Galerie VI. ; Parc.) Chaudieres et generateurs de vapeur avec leurs appareils de surete. Con¬ duces de vapeur et appareils accessoires. Arbres de couche. Poulies de renvoi, courroies. Organs de mise en marche, d’arret, d’embrayage et de debrayage. Moteurs employes pour fournir l’eau et la force motrice necessaires dan les diverses parties du Palais et du Parc. Grues et appareils de toutes sortes proposes pour la manutention des colis. Hails et plaques tournantes proposes pour la manutention des colis, des fourrages, des fumiers et pour les autres services du Palais et du Parc. Classe 53.—Machines et Appareils de la Mecanique Generale. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Pieces de mecanismes detachees : supports, galets, glissieres, excentriques, engrenages, bielles, parallelogrammes et joints, courroies, systemes funiculaires, etc. Embrayages, declics, etc. Hegulateurs et moderateurs de mouvements. Appareils de graissage. Compteurs et enregistreurs. Dynanometres, manometres, appareils de pesage. Appareils de jaugeage des liquides et des gaz. Machines servant a la manoeuvre des fardeaux. Machines hydrauliques elevatoires : norias, pompes, tympans, beliers hydrau - liques, etc. Recepteurs hydrauliques : roues, turbines, machines a colonne d’eau. Machines motrices a vapeur. Claudieres, generateurs de vapeur et appareils accessoires. Appareils de condensation des vapeurs. Machines a vapeur d’ether, de chloroforme, d’ammoniaque ; a vapeurs combinees. Machines a gaz, a air chaud, a air comprime. Moteurs electro-magnetiques. Moulins a vent et panemones. Aerostats. Classe 54.—Machines-outils. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Machines-outils servant au travail preparatoire des bois. Tours et machines h aleser et a raboter. Machines a mortaiser, a percer, a decouper. Machines a tarauder, a file ter, a river. Outils divers des ateliers de constructions me¬ caniques. Outils, machines et appareils servant a presser, a broyer, a malaxer, a scier, a polir, etc, Machines-outils speciales a diverses industries. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VI. 76 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. System of classifica¬ tion. Group YI. Classe 55.—Materiel et Procedes du Pilage et de la Corderie. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Materiel du filage a la main. Pieces detachees appartenant au materiel des filatures. Machines et appareils servant a la preparation et a la filature des matieres textiles. Appareils et procedes destines aux operations complemen- taires : etirage devidage, retordage, moulinage, apprets mecaniques. Appareils pour le conditionnement et le titrage des fils. Materiel des ateliers de corderie. Cables ronds, plats, diminues, cordes et ficelles, cables en fils metalliques, cables a ame metallique, meches a feu, etoupilles, etc. Classe 56.—Materiel et Procedes du Tissage. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Appareils destines aux operations preparatoires du tissage: machines a ourdir, a bobinerl. Lisages. Metiers ordinaires et mecaniques pour la fabrication des tissus unis. Metiers pour la fabrication des etoffes fa 9 onnees et brochees, battants-brocheurs, metiers electriques. Metiers a fabriquer les tapis et tapis-series. Metiers a mailles pour la fabrication de la bonneterie et des tulles. Materiel de la fabrication de la dentelle. Materiel des fabriques de passementerie. Metier de haute bsse et procedes d’espouliage. Appareils accessoires : machines a fouler, calandrer, gaufrer, moire r, metrer, plier, etc. Classe 57.—Materiel et Procedes de la Couture et de la Confection des Vetements. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Outils ordinaires des ateliers de couture et de confection. Machines a coudre, a piquer, a ourler, a broder. Scies a decouper les etoffes et les cuirs pour la confection des vetements et chaussures. Machines a faire, a clouer et a visser les chaussures. Classe 58.—Materiel et Procedes de la Confection des Objets de Mobilier et d’Habitation. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Machines a debiter les bois de placage. Scies a decouper, a chantourner, etc. Machines a faire les moulures, les baguettes de cadre, les feuilles de parquet, les meubles, etc. Tours et appareils divers des ateliers de menuiserie et d’ebenisterie. Machines a estamper et a emboutir. Machines et appareils pour le travail du stuc, du carton-pate, de l’ivoire, de l’os, de la corne. Machines a mettre au point, a sculpter, a reduire les statues, a graver, a guillocher, etc. Machines a scier et polir les pierres dures, les marbres, etc. Classe 59—Materiel et Procedes de la Papeterie, des Teintures et des Impressions. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Materiel de l’impression des papiers peints et des tissus. Machines a graver les rouleaux d’impression. Materiel du blanchiment, de la teinfure et de l’appret des papiers et des tissus. Materiel de la fabrication du papier a la cuve et a la machine. Appareils pour gaufrer, regler, glacer, moirer le papier. Machines a decouper, rogner, timbrer les papiers, etc. Materiel, appareils et produits des fonderies en caracteres; cliches, etc. Machines et appareils employes dans la typographic, la stereotypie, l’im¬ pression en taille douce, l’autographie, la chalcographie, la paniconographie, la chromolithographie, etc. Impression des timbres-poste. Machines a com¬ poser et a trier les caracteres. 77 Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report. Classe 60.—Machines, Instruments et Procedes usites dans divers Travaux. System of (Palais, Galerie VI.) classifica- tion. Presses monetaires. Group VI. Machines servant a la fabrication des boutons, des plumes, des epingles, des enveloppes delettres, a empaqueter, a confectionner les brosses, les cardes, a fabriquer les capsules, a plomber les marchandises, a boucber les bouteilles, etc. Outillages et procedes de la fabrication des objets d’horlogerie, de bimbelo- terie, de marqueterie, de vannerie, etc. Classe 61.—Carrosserie et Charronnage. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Pieces detachees de charronnage et de carrosserie : roues, bandages, essieux, boites de roues, ferrures, etc. Ressorts etsystemes divers de suspension. Sys- temes d’attelage. Preins. Produits du charronnage: chariots, tombereaux, camions, vehicules a desti¬ nation speciale. Produits de la carrosserie: voitures publiques, voitures d’apparat, voitures particulieres ; chaises a porteurs, litieres, traineaux, etc. ; velocipedes. Classe 62.—Bourrellerie et Sellerie. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Articles de harnachement et d’eperonnerie: bats, selles, cacolets ; brides et harnais pom* montures, pour betes de somme et de trait ; eperons • fouets et cravaches. Classe 63.—Materiel des Chemins de Fer. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Pieces detachees : ressorts, tampons, freins, etc. Materiel fixe ; rails, coussinets, eclisses, changements de voie, aiguilles, plaques tournantes ; tampons de choc; grues d’alimentation et reservoirs ; signaux optiques et accoustiques. Materiel roulant: wagons a terrassemeut, a marchandises, a bestiaux, a voyageurs ; locomotives, tenders. Machines speciales et outillage des ateliers d’entretien, de reparation et de construction du materiel. Materiel et machines pour plans inclines et plans automoteurs ; materiel et machines ponr chemins de fer atmospheriques ; modeles de machines, de sys- temes de traction, d’appareils relatifs aux vois ferrees. Modeles, plans et dessins de gares, de stations, de remisse et de dependance de l’exploitation des chemins de fers. Classe 64.—Materiel et Procedes de la Telegraphie. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Appareils de telegraphie fondes sur la transmission de la lumiere, du son, etc. Materiel de la telegraphie electrique: supports, conducteurs, tendeurs, etc,; piles electriques pour la telegraphie ; appareils manipulateurs. Sonneries et signaux electriques. Objets accessoires des services telegraphiques : para- foudres, commutateurs, papiers prepares pour telegraphes imprimants et trans¬ missions autographiques. Materiel special de la telegraphie sous-marine. Classe 65.—Materiel et Procedes du Genie civil, des Travaux publics et de l’Architecture. (Palais, Galerie VI.) Materiaux de construction: roches, bois, metaux; pierres d’ornement; chaux, mortiers, ciments, pierres artificielles et betons ; tuiles, briques, car- reaux ; ardoises, cartons et feutres pour couvertures. Materiel et produits des procedes employes pour la conservation des bois. Appareils et instruments pour l’essai des materiaux de construction. Materiel des travaux de terrassement; excavateurs. Appareils des chan- tiers de construction. Outillages et procedes de Pappareilleur, du tailleur de pierres, du ma^on, du charpentier, du serrurier, du menuisier, du vitrier, du plomb du peintreier, en batiments, etc. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VI. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VII. 78 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Serrurerie fine ; serrures, cadenas; grilles, balcons, rampes d’escalier, etc. Materiel et engins des travaux de fondations: sonnettes, pilotis, pieux a vis ; pompes, appareils pneumatiques ; dragues, etc. Materiel des travaux hydrauliques, des ports de mer, des canaux, des rivieres. Materiel et appareils servant aux distributions d’eau et de gaz. Materiel de l’entretien des routes, des plantations et des promenades. Modeles, plans et dessins de travaux publics: ponts, viaducs, aqueducs, egouts, ponts-canaux, etc. ; phares ; monuments publics de destination speciale; constructions civiles ; hotels et maisons a loyer ; cites ouvrieres, etc. Classe 66.—Materiel de la Navigation et du Sauvetage. (Palais, Galerie VI ; Parc.) Dessins et modeles de cales, bassins de radoub, docks flottants, etc. Dessins et modeles des batiments de tous genres usites pour la navigation fluviale et maritime. Types et modeles des systemes de construction adoptes dans la marine. Appareils employes dans la navigation. Canots et embarcations. Materiel du greement des navires. Pavilions et signaux. Bouees, balises, etc. Materiel et exercices de natation, de plongeage et de sauvetage ; flotteurs, ceintures de natation, etc. Cloches a plongeur ; nautilus, scaphandres, etc. Bateaux sous-marins. Materiel du sauvetage maritime, porte-amarres, bateaux dits life-boats, etc. 7 e Gkotjpe .—Aliments (Frais ou Conserves ) a divers degres de preparation. Classe 67.—Cereales et autres Produits Earineux Comestibles, avec leurs derives. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Froments, seigle, orge, riz, mais, millet et autres cereales en grains et en farines. Grains mondes et gruaux. Fecules de pommes de terre, de riz, de lentilles, etc. Gluten. Tapioka, sagou, arrowroot, cassave et autres fecules. Produits farineux mixtes, etc. Pates dites d’ltalie, semoules, vermicelles, macaronis. Preparations alimentaires propres a remplacer le pain: nouilles, bouillies, pates de fabrication domestique, etc. Classe 68.—Produits de la Boulangerie et de la Patisserie. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Pains divers, avec ou sans levain. Pains de fantaisie et pains fa 9 onnes. Pains comprimes pour voyages, campagnes militaires, etc. Biscuits de mer. Produits divers de patisserie propres a chaque nation. Pains d’epice et gateaux secs susceptibles de se conserver. Classe 69.—Corps gras alimentaires ; Laitages et (Eufs. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Graisses et huiles comestibles. Laits frais et conserves. Beurres frais et sales. Fromages. CEufs de toutes sortes. Classe 70.—Viandes et Poissons. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Viandes fraiches et salees dn toute nature. Viandes conservees par divers procedes. Tablettes de viande et de bouillon. Jambons et preparations de viandes. Volailles et gibiers. Poissons frais. Poissons sales, encaques : morues, harengs, etc. Poissons conserves dans Thuile: sardines, thon marine, etc. Crustaces et coquillages: homards, crevettes, huitres: conserve d’huitres, d’anchois, etc. Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report. 79 Classe 71.—Legumes et Fruits. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Tubercules: pommes de terre, etc. Legumes farineux secs : haricots, len tilles, etc. Legumes verts a cuire: choux, etc. Legumes racines: carottes navets, etc. Legumes epices : oignons, ail, etc. Salades. Cucurbitacees: citrouilles, melons, etc. Legumes conserves par le sel, par le vinaigre ou par la fermentation acetique: choucroute, etc. Legumes conserves par divers procedes. Fruits a l’etat frais. Fruits secs et prepares : prunes, figures, raisins, etc. Fruits conserves sans le secours du sucre. Classe 72.—Condiments et Stimulants ; Sucres et Produits de la Confiserie. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Epices : poivres, cannelle, piments, etc. Sel de table. Vinaigres. Condi¬ ments et stimulants composes : moutards, kari, sauces anglaises, etc. Thes, cafes et boissons aromatiques. Cafes de chicoree et de glands doux. Chocolats. Sucres destines aux usages domestiques. Sucres de raisin, de lait, etc. Produits divers de la confiserie : dragees, bonbons de sucre, fondants, nougats, angelique, anis, etc. Confitures et gelees, Fruits confits: cedrats, citrons, oranges, ananas. Fruits a l’eau-de-vie. Sirops et liqueurs sucrees. Classe 73.—Boissons fermentees. (Palais, Galerie VII.) Vins ordinaires, rouges et blancs. Vins de liqueur et vins cuits. Vins mousseux. Cidres, poires et autres boissons tirees des fruits. Bieres et autres boissons tires des cereales. Boissons fermentees tirees des seves vegetales, du lait et des matieres sucrees de toute nature. Eaux-de-vie et alcools. Boissons spiritueuses, genievre, rhum, tafia, kirsch, etc. 8 e Groupe. — Produits Vivants et Specimens d’ Etablissements de VAgriculture. Classe 74.—Specimens d’Exploitations rurales et d’Usines agricoles. (Parc.) Types des batiments ruraux des diverses contrees. Materiel des ecuries, etables, chenils, etc. Appareils pour preparer la nourriture des animaux. Machines agricoles en mouvement : charrues a vapeur, moissonneuses, faucheuses, faneuses, batteuses, etc. Types d’usines agricoles : distilleries, sucreries, raffineries; brasseries; minoteries, feculeries, amidonneries ; magnaneries, etc. Pressoirs pour le vin, le cidre, l’huile, etc. Classe 75.—Chevaux, Anes, Mulets, etc. (Parc.) Animaux presentes comme specimens caracteristiques de Part de Peleveur dans chaque contree. Types d’ecuries. Classe 76.—Bceufs, Buffles, etc. (Parc.) Animaux presentes commes specimens caracteristiques de Part de Peleveur dans chaque contree. Types d’etables. Classe 77.—Moutons, Chevres. (Parc.) Animaux presentes comme specimens caracteristiques de Part de Peleveur dans chaque contree. Types de bergeries, de pares a moutons et d’etablissements analogues. Classe 78.—Pores, Lapins, etc. (Parc.) Animaux presentes comme specimens caracteristiques de Part de Peleveur dans chaque contree. Types de porcheries et des etablissements propres a l’elevage des animaux de cette classe. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VII. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VIII. 80 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. System of classifica¬ tion. Group VIII. System of classifica¬ tion. Group IX. System of classifica¬ tion. Group X. Classe 79.—Oiseaux de Basse-cour. (Parc.) Animaux presentes comme specimens caracteristiques de Fart de l’eleveur dans chaque contree. Types des poulaillers, des pigeonniers, des faisarideries, etc. Appareils d’eclosion artificielle. Classe 80.-—Chiens de Chasse et de Garde. (Parc.) Chiens de berger, chiens de garde. Chiens de cliasse. Types de chenils et engins de dressage. Classe 81.—Insectes utiles. (Parc.) Abeilles. Vers a soie et bombyx divers cochenilles, insectes producteur de laque, etc. Materiel de l’elevage des abeilles et des vers a soie. Classe 82.—Poissons, crustaces et mollusques. (Parc.) Animaux aquatiques utiles, a l’etat vivant. Aquariums. Materiel de 1’elevage des poissons, des mollusques, et des sangsues. 9 e Groupe. — Products Vivants et Specimens d’Etablissements de VUorticultu/e. Classe 83.—Serres et Materiel de 1’Horticulture. (Parc.) Outils du jardinier, du pepinieriste et de l’horticulteur. Appareils d’arrose- ment, d’entretien des gazons, etc. Grandes serres et leurs accessoires. Petites serres d’appartement et de fenetre. Aquariums pour plantes aquatiques. Jeux d’eau et autres appareils pour l’ornementation des jardins. Classe 84.—Fleurs et Plantes d’Ornement. (Parc.) Especes de plantes et specimens de cultures rappelant les types caracte¬ ristiques des jardins et des habitations de chaque contree. Classe 85.—Plantes Potageres. (Parc.) Especes de plantes et specimens de cultures rappelant les types caracte¬ ristiques des jardins potagers de chaque contree. Classe 86_Arbres Fruitiers. (Parc.) Especes de plantes et specimens de cultures rappelant les types caracte¬ ristiques des vergers de chaque contree. Classe 87.—Grains et Plants d’Essences Forestieres. (Parc.) Especes de plantes et specimens de cultures rappelant les procedes de re- peuplement des forets, usites dans chaque pays. Classe 88.—Plantes de serres. (Parc.) Specimens des cultures usitees dans divers pays, en vue de l’agrement ou de l’utilite. 10 e Groupe. —Objets Specialement exposes en vue d'Ameliorer la Condition Physique et Morale de la Population. Classe 89.—Materiel et methodes de l’enseignement des Enfants. (Palais, Galerie II. ; Parc.) Plans et modeles de batiments scolaires. Mobiliers d’ecole. Appareils, instruments, modeles, cartes murales con 9 us en vue de faciliter l’enseignement des enfants. Collections elementaires propres a l’enseignement des notions scientifiques usuelles. Modeles de dessin. Tableaux et appareils propres a l’enseigneraent du chant et de la musiaue. . 81 Appendix ((7.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. Appareils et tableaux propres a l’enseignement des aveugles et des sourds- System of, muets. classiflca- Lixres d’ecole, atlas, cartes et tableaux. Publications periodiques et journaux d’education. Travaux d’eleves des deux sexes. tion. G roup X. Classe 90.—Bibliotheques et Materiel de l’Enseignement donne aux Adultes dans la Eamille, 1’Atelier, la Commune ou la Corporation. (Palais, Galerie II.) Ouvrages propres a former la bibliotheque usuelle du chef de famille, du chef d’atelier, du cultivateur, de l’instituteur communal, du marin, du natural- iste voyageur, etc. Almanachs, aide-memoire et autres publications utiles destinees au col- portage. Materiel des bibliotheques scolaires, communales, etc. Material des cours techniques necessaires a l’exercice de certaines professions manuelles. Classe 91.—Meubles, Vetements et Aliments de toute Origine Ilistingues par les Qualites Utiles, unies au bon marche. (Palais, Galeries III. IV. et VII.) Collection methodique d’objets (enumeres au 3 e , 4 e , et 7 e groupe) livres au commerce par de grandes fabriques ou par des ouvriers chefs de metier et specialement recommandes au point de vu d’une bonne economie domestique. Nota, —Les prix et le lieu de vent doivent etre indiques pour chaqueobjets. Classe 92.—Specimens des Costumes Populaires des Diverses Contrees. (Palais, Galerie IV.) Collection methodique de costumes des deux sexes, pour tous les ages et pour les professions les plus caracteristiques de chaque contree. Nota. —On choisira les costumes qui satisfont le mieux aux convenance du climat ou de la profession, aux exigences du gout particular de chaque peuple, et qui, a ces divers titres, sont le plus en harmonie, dans chaque contree, avec la tradition nationale. On exposera autant que possible ces costumes sur des mannequins. Classe 93.—Specimens d’Habitations Caracterisees par le bon Marche uni aux Conditions d’Hygiene et de Bien-etre. (Parc.) Types d’habitations de famille, propres aux diverses classes de travailleur, de chaque co tree. Types d’h. itation proposes pour les ouvriers des manufactures urbaines ou rurales. Classe 94.—Produits de Toute Sorte Fabriques par des Ouvriers Chefs de Metier. (Palais, et Parc.) Collection methodique de produits (enumeres aux groups precedents) fa¬ briques par des ouvriers travaillant a leur propre compte, soit seuls, soit avec le concours de leur famille ou d’un apprenti, pour le commerce ou pour la con- sommation domestique. Nota.— On admettra seulement dans cette classe les produits qui se recom- mendent par leur qualite propre, par la nouveaute ou la perfection des procedes de travail, ou par l’influence utile quece travail exerce sur la condition physique et morale de la population. Classe 95.—Instruments et Procedes de Travail, speciaux aux Ouvriers Chefs de Metier. (Palais, Galerie VI. ; Parc.) Instruments et procedes (enumeres au 6 e groupe) employes habitueliement par des ouvriers travaillant a leur propre compte, ou specialement adaptes aux convenances du travail, execute en famille, au foyer domestique. 82 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . System of classifica¬ tion. Group X. Structure for fine arts. Information as to space for each group. Height of roofs. No wish to prescribe special structures. Accepting space in park cor¬ responding to British section, and more if con¬ venient. Travaux manuels, ou se manifestent, avec un caractere particulier d’excel- lence, la dexterite, ^intelligence ou le gout de l’ouvrier. Travaux manuels qui, par diverses causes, ont le mieux resiste, jusqu’a l’epoque actuelle, a la concurrence des machines. Correspondence between the British Commission and the French Imperial Commission. I.—Mr. Cole to M. Le Plat. South Kensington Museum, London, W., Sir, September 5th, 1865. I am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education to say that they have had under their consideration your letter of the 23rd of August, expressing a desire that the Imperial Commission should be made acquainted with the forms and dimensions of the courts in which the objects in the different groups are to be exhibited, in order that the building may be constructed in accordance with the wishes of the English Commission. They have also considered the general plan and the section, dated the 20th June, together with the definite allotment of space to the United Kingdom and its Colonies, which was communicated by your letter of the 9th August. My Lords understand from the plan and section that the group relating to the fine arts will have a structure of its own, specially suitable for the display and conservation of the fine arts, and they do not propose to ask for the con¬ struction of any courts for classes in this group. And it is not proposed to ask for the construction of any courts for the groups 6 and 7. As respects groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, my Lords, as at present advised, think it likely that if courts are desired at all only one, or at most two, may have to be specially constructed. But being in doubt as to the necessity of any such courts for these groups, they are unable to make a decision as to the position and dimension of them. The walls of them, if wanted at all, can readily be constructed as soon as the main structure itself is completed. As respects the remaining space to be occupied by these groups, it is considered that the best arrangement will be obtained rather by treating such space as a unity than by subdividing it into small courts. With regard to the height of the roofs covering groups 2, 3, 4, and 5, my Lords would prefer, if convenient, to have the roofs all 30 feet high, with the exception of one portion, say about 60 feet in length, which, in order to exhibit stained glass, should if possible be 40 feet high. This latter space may be placed as most convenient to the Imperial Commission. My Lords transmit a plan, showing hypothetically the space likely to be occupied by the various groups. Provision for group 10, if not outside the building, will be found as most convenient in the space already allotted. My Lords again repeat that, whilst thanking the Imperial Commission for its great courtesy in offering to consult the wishes of the British Executive, their Lordships have no desire to prescribe any special structures, and they will be content with those structural arrangements which the Imperial Com¬ mission may think fit to provide ; and if on the present occasion my Lords have expressed any wishes, they have done so only with a view of meeting the requests of your letter of the 23rd of August. With reference to the space in the Park, my Lords will be glad to have placed at the disposal of the British Executive the space adjoining the British space, in accordance with Article 8 of the Beglement general, and as much more as may be convenient to the Imperial Commission to assign. Such space will be occupied as provided by the regulations, and further details sent when the plan is received. I have, &c. (Signed) Henry Cole. Monsieur Le Play. Appendix (G.) lo Mr. Cole’s Report. S3 II.—M. Le Play to Mr. Cole* Monsieur le Commissaire Executif, Paris, 11 Octobre 1865. J’ai re 9 u votre lettre et le plan qui l’accompagnait. Je vous remercie de cet envoi, qui devance l’epoque indiquee dans le Reglement general, et je vous prie de remercier au nom de la Commission Imperiale les Lords du Comite du Couseil de l’Education. Les Lords du Comite, dites-vous, ont pense que le meilleur arrangement consistait a ne pas subdiviser l’espace attribue a l’Angleterre au petits cours ; que d’ailleurs une ou deux seraient tout au plus necessaires, que n’etant pas fixes sur la necessite de ces constructions, ils ne sauraient des a present en indiquer la forme ; qu’enfin la Commission anglaise sera heureusede s’installer dans les batiments que la Commission Imperiale aura juges convenables. La Commission Imperiale remercie les Lords du Comite de vouloir bien s’associer a ses vues et de son cote, elle se pretera autant que possible aux dis¬ positions qu’ils pourraient desirer. Ainsi ils demandent que la hauteur du toit soit de 40 pieds au dessus d’une surface ayant environ 60 pieds de longueur et placee d’ailleurs dans l’endroit qui conviendrait le mieux a la Commission Imperiale. Je soumettrai ce desir a la Commission, et j’espere que dans la construction du palais il sera possible d’y donner satisfaction. Les Lords du Comite prefereraient que la hauteur des toitures fut en general de 30 pieds. Les dispositions arretees pour les galeries comprises entre la galerie des machines et celles des beaux arts et pour la galerie des aliments donneront sous l’entrait des fermes, une hauteur de 7-50 m. au dessus du sol. En ce qui concerne le plan a 0-002 m. indiquant les espaces qui seront proba- blement occupes par les differents groupes, je proposerai aux Lords du Comite quelques modifications. Ce plan est en effet sur deux points contraire a un principe general auquel la Commission Imperiale verrait avec plaisir les puis¬ sances etrangeres se conformer. Ce principe consiste en ce que toute galerie circulaire doit presenter a sa droite et sa gauche des objets appartenant au meme groupe. Sur le plan, que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’envoyer, une partie des produits du groupe 2 s’etend jusqu’au bord du chemin circulaire du groupe 3 ; la meme observation est applicable aux produits du groupe 5 par rapport au chemin du groupe 4. Je vous soumets un projet modifie dans lequel on a cherche a eviter cet inconvenient sans changer toutefois les espaces attribues par vous aux groupes 2 et 5. Les indications que vous avez figurees sur la galerie exterieure me suggerent encore une observation que je vous demande la permission de vous presenter. Cette galerie etant exclusivement reservee au groupe 7, il n’y a pas lieu par le motif cite plus haut d’y placer les groupes 6 et 10. Quant au groupe 10, dont les produits seront comme indique le systeme de classification annexe au Reglement general, exposes a la fois dans le pare et dans les differentes galeries du palais, je vous proposerai d’adopter pour l’instal- lation la methode suivie dans la section franchise ; e’est a dire de reserver, a ce groupe, une sorte de secteur circulaire traversant toutes les galeries, du centre a la circonference. J’ai fait repartir suivant cetie methode dans les diverses portions du palais, l’espace que vous aviez indique pour le groupe 10 dans la galerie exterieure; cette nouvelle disposition, que vous ne devez con- siderer que comme une indication generate du but que se propose la Commis¬ sion Imperiale, est marquee par une teinte noire sur le plan ci-joint. Si les Lords du Comite veulent bien modifier, d’apres les observations precedentes fondees sur le Reglement general, le plan que vous m’avez fait l’honneur de m’adresser, je vous prie de vouloir bien m’en faire parvenir la 2 e edition, aussitot qu’elle aura ete arretee par eux. J’ai l’honneur de vous envoyer a titre de renseignements, un exemplaire du plan d’installation de la section fran^aise a l’echelle de 0-002 m. pour 1 metre. Recevez, &c. Le Conseiller d’Etat, (Signe) F. Le Play. Height of roofs. Modifica¬ tions of pro¬ posed divi¬ sion will be necessary. Monsieur Cole. Will con¬ form to proposed alterations. Exhibition of war ma¬ terial. Machinery in motion, 84 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. III.—Mr. Cole to M. Le Play. South Kensington Museum, London, W. Sir, October 31st, 1865. I am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 11th instant, transmitting an amended plan of the distribution of the groups in the space allotted by the Imperial Commission to Great Britain and her Colonies ; also a plan of the whole building, showing the arrangements proposed by the Imperial Commis¬ sion in the Erench Section. My Lords, having received explanations as to the wishes of the Imperial Commission, have no doubt they will be able to conform to their wishes in this respect. As regards group 10, their Lordships are prepared to adopt the method followed in the Erench Section, and will take care that the several classes comprised in that group are placed in the galleries prescribed by the Erench regulations, as shown in the plan accompanying your letter, but the area of each class must be determined according to its requirements. The Lords of the Committee of Council will make arrangements that the principle of the Imperial Commission shall be carried out as regards each circular gallery, showing in front of all the passages the objects belonging to the same group; but they understand, as explained to their Lordships, that between the circular galleries the space to be allotted to each group, and the form of such space, may be regulated according to the amount that it may hereafter be found necessary to allot. I have, &c. (Signed) Henry Cole. Monsieur Le Conseiller d’Etat Le Play. IV.—Mr, Cole to M. Le Play. South Kensington Museum, London, W. Sir, November 3d, 1865. I am directed by the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education to inform you that they have received a communication from the Blakely Ordnance Company, requesting to be informed whether guns, gun-carriages, &c. are admissible to the Paris Exhibition of 1867, and, if so, under what section of the Exhibition they will be classed. As no mention is made of these objects in the system of classification issued by the Imperial Commission, my Lords will be obliged if you will afford them such information as will enable their Lordships to reply to the questions con¬ tained in the letter alluded to. I have, &c. (Signed) Henry Cole. Monsieur Le Conseiller d’Etat Le Play. (See Letters III., V., XV.) Y. —M. Le Play to Mr. Cole. Monsieur le Commissaire, Paris, 3Novembre 1865. La Commission Imperiale a decide que la mise en mouvement des machines exposees ferait l’objet d’un nombre d’entreprises a peu pres egal a celui des grandes divisions du palais ; c’est a dire a seize environ. De plus, desirant s’associer les constructeurs de tous les pays, elle a pose le principe qu’a egalite de conditions pour un secteur determine, la preference serait donnee aux entrepreneurs de la nationality & laquelle ce secteur est attribue. Appendix ( G .) to Mr. Cole's Report. 85 Le plan d’installation des machines a exposer n’etant pas encore complete- ment arrete, on ne saurait actuellement songer a conclure avec les divers con- structeurs des traites dont les elements exacts depreciations ne sont pas reunis. Toutefois on peut poser un certain nombre de regies generales indi¬ quant les bases sur lesquelles ces traites seront conclus ulterieurement, et c’est ce qu’a fait le comite d’admission de la classe 52* dans le cahier des charges dont j’ai l’honneur de vous addresser 6 exemplaires. Bien que ce document n’ait pas encore regu la sanction de la Commission Imperiale et soit a ce titre susceptible de quelques modifications, il suffira ce- pendant pour vous bien renseigner sur 1’organisation du service mecanique de l’Exposition, et je l’espere pour vous determiner a demander a vos nationaux d’y concoui'ir. Deja un grand nombre de constructeurs frangais se sont mis sur les rangs pour prendre part a ce grand service et lcurs demandes depassant de beaucoup les limites des forces qui repondent a la section frangaise, elles pourraient sans peine, en cas d’abstention on de pretentions exagerees des constructeurs etrangers, deborder sur les autres sections. C’est la un parti auquel la Commission Imperiale, espere n’avoir pas a recourir, et elle compte, Monsieur le Commissaire, sur votre concours, pour qu’il en soit autrement. Sans avoir la pretention de vous tracer la marche a suivre a cet effet, je vous demande cependant la permission de vous indiquer succinctement la mode pratique qui produirait, a mon sens, les meilleurs res'ultats. Le premier point est revaluation de la force qu’exigera la mise en mouve- ment de vos machines. C’est la une base importante et que vous pourrez determiner, sinon exactement des aujourd’hui, au moins avec une approxima¬ tion suffisante, grace aux donnees que vous Journissent les Expositions pre- cedentes, et a celles que vous avez deja sans doute recueilles de la part de vos nationaux. Vous auriez ensuite a dresser une liste des constructeurs les plus recom- mandables et offrant toute securite a la Commission Imperiale et a votre Gouvernement, pour s’acquitter convenable de ce service. Une fois cette liste arretee, vous pourriez adresser a chacnn de ceux qui y figurent un exemplaire traduit en Anglais du cahier des charges ci joint, et lui demander s’il lui conviendrait de concourir pour cette entreprise et dans ce cas, quelle limite de force il s’engagerait a fournir et a quelles conditions. Il est bien entendu que les constructeurs de chaudibres et ceux des appareils de transmission peuvent s’entendre pour former une demande collective et qui les oblige solidairement; mais la Commission Imperiale, pour s’epargner des embarras, refuserait sans doute de scinder l’entreprise entre deux ou trois industriels simplement juxtaposes et non associes. Enfin bien que la vapeur doive constituer le principal agent de production de force motive, on accueillera tous les systemes presentant des garanties suffisantes et je vous engagerais meme a provoquer ainsi l’application a votre secteur de tel systeme qui serait pour ainsi dire special a votre nation, c’est a dire que l’on y executerait ou emploierait sur une plus grande echelle qu’ailleurs, etc. Ce serait un moyen de donner une nouvelle originalite et un attrait de plus a votre Exposition. Quand ces diverses reponses vous seront parvenues je vous serais oblige de me les transmettre, avec votre avis sur leur merite respectif pour que je puisse proceder a un travail ensemble. Je desirerais surtout savoir le plus tot possible si je puis compter sur vos constructeurs pour faire fonctionner vos machines, ou si je dois attribuer votre secteur aux constructeurs frangais. C’est la un renseignement qui est pour moi dans l’etat actuel des choses d’une veritable urgence, et dont je vous prie de ne pas differer l’envoi, des que vous aurez une opinion arretee sur la question. En outre du cahier des charges vous recevrez prochainement deux exem¬ plaires des instructions que j’ai fait preparer pour Installation de la galerie rExpositiorf 5 g6nerateurs et appareils mecaniques specialement adaptes aux besoins de 1 . H British India* Exhibition of war material is permissible Park. Farms. Distilleries. Chocolate manufac¬ tory. Photome¬ ters. Photogra¬ phic studio. 86 / Reports' on the Paris Exhibition. des machines. Vous y trouverez des indications utiles a consulter et qui acheveront d’eclairer les cotes de cette question que les autres documents auraient laisses obscures dans votre esprit. Kecevez, &c. Monsieur Cole, Le Counseiller.d’Etat, Commissaire General, Commissaire Executif &c. (Signe) E. Le Play. VI.—M. Le Play to Mr. Cole. Paris, Palais de l’lndustric, Porte No. 4. Monsieur le Commissaire, le 18 Novembre 1865. Le ministre des affaires etrangeres yient de me demander les nouvelles instructions qu’il y a lieu de faire parvenir aux agents consulaires de la France dans les Indes anglaises au sujet de l’Exposition Universelle de 1867. A cet egard je vous prie de vouloir bien me fixer sur une question dont il vous a ete parle lors de votre passage a Paris et sur laquelle mon opinion sera la votre ; a savoir si l’exposition des Indes anglaises doit ou non se faire par i’entremise de votre Commission. Void, en peu de mots, le resume de ce qui a ete fait jusqu’a ce jour. Au mois d’avril dernier Mr. le Comte Russell a ecrit a l’ambassadeur de France a Londres deux lettres par lesquelles il propose au Gouvernement Imperial d’entrer directement en relation avec les trois presidences de l’lnde. Des le mois de mai, le ministre des affaires etrangeres a transmis anx consuls franyais des instructions detaillees a la suite desquelles des Commis¬ sions centrales ont ete formees a Bombay, Madras, et Calcutta, et des comites institues dans les divers districts de ces trois presidences. Le Gouvernement de Madras a deja designe le Consul d’Angleterre a Paris pour le representer aupres de la Commission Imperiale ; les deux autres se mettent en mesure de nommer egalement des Commissaires delegues. Je viens vous prier de porter ces faits a la connaissance des Lords du Comite, et de faire regulariser le plus tot possible la situation par la voie officielle. Je ne m’occuperai de l’Exposition de l’lnde que si vous le jugez convenable. Par votre lettre du trois de ce mois vous me demandez si la Commission Imperiale admettra a l’Exposition les canons et le materiel de l’artillerie. Aucune place n’a ete reservee pour ce genre de produits dans la classification generale, mais la Commission anglaise peut en exposer si bon lui semble, et dans ce cas je vous prie de me le faire savoir. Recevez, &c. (Signe) F. Le Play, Monsieur Cole. Le Counseiller d’Etat. VII.— Memorandum. Etablissements qu’on se propose d’exposer dans la Section Fra^aise du Parc. La section Fran9aise peut des aujourd’hui compter sur un grand nombre d’establissements interessants qui seront dissemines dans la portion du pare qui lui est attribute. Des fermes de toutes provinces avec leurs etables, leurs ecuries, leur laiteries, avec leurs machines agricoles a vapeur et autres, avec leurs appareils a fabriquer les tuyaux de drainage, etc. etc., offriront des specimens des perfectionnements acquis par l’agriculture. Des distilleries pour les alcools, les essences, les resines, etc. etc., fonction- nerront sous les yeux du public. Une usine a chocolat vendra ses produits aux visiteurs qui auront assiste aux details de leur fabrication. Le public rencontrera uone chambre noire ou se feront des experiences de photometne, un atelier complet de photographie ou les operations de labora- toire auront les yeux de tout le monde. Appendix (G.) to Mr . Coles Report. 87 Une parfumerie elaborera des parfums et principalement ceux extraits de certaines fleurs, telles que la tubereuse et le jasmin qui seront cultivees dans le pare meme. Un phare de 66 metres de hauteur projettera, le soir, la lumiere d’un foyer electrique'; a cote de lui,un autre phare reglementairede l er ordre fonctionnera comme ceux etablis sur nos cotes. Des usines metallurgiques initieront le public aux procedes industriels les plus curieux. Un atelier d’etirage pour les tuyaux de plomb et de cuivre fonctionnera a cote d’un four ou s’operera la compellation du plomb d’oeuvre; plus loin, on rencontrera des fonderies d’ornements en fonte et en bronze. Des verreries avec leur fours et leurs ateliers pour le soufflage et le bombage des verres, seront installees a cote d’autres usines ou le public assistera a la fabrication du blanc de zinc, du sodium, etc. etc.; puis ce sera un atelier complet de coutel- lerie, un autre pour la taille des cristaux, etc. etc. Un observatoire sera installe dans un local special, et Ton y verra fonc- tionner les principaux appareils de physique. Un campanile monumental supportera une horloge avec ses cloches et son carillon, Plusieurs jardins d’hiver interessants au point de vue de leur construction, renfermeront des plantes exotiques; des vases d’ornements, des meubles de jardin, des kiosques, des jets d’eau, des fontaines, des chalets rustiques, des bosquets en treillages orneront les pelouses et les allees. Les etablissements du pare seront en outre combines de maniere a offrir aux yeux du public les principaux genres de construction en pierre, bois, briques et poteries, similimarbres, betons agglomeres, etc. Un seul exposant se propose de planter des arbres et arbustes de 1 metre a 6 metres de hauteur, en nombre suffisant pour former 53 massifs qui occuperont ensemble une surface de 700 metres carres. VIII.— Memorandum. Liste des etablissements que des Producteurs franfais proposent d’Exposer dans le Parc. 1 janvier 1866. Parmi les dispositions qui donneront a l’Exposition Universelle de 1867, une utilite et un attrait particuliers on peut citer les etablissements agricoles et industriels que les producteurs frangais demandent a exposer dans le pare de 30 hectares situe autour du palais. Voici la liste de ces etablisse¬ ments ou des industries dont ils fourniront des specimens aussi remarquables par les methodes de travail souvent nouvelles qu’ils feront connaitre, qu’inte- ressants par la vie le mouvement qu’ils communiqueront a l’Exposition:— Traitement des minerals de plomb argentifere et compellation du plomb d’ceuvre. Traitement des minerais de zinc avec appareil nouveau pour la con¬ densation des vapeurs metalliques. Etirage des tuyaux de fer et de plomb. Eabrication du blanc du zinc. Fabrication du sodium. Fonderies de bronze et de fonte d’ornement. Forge pour le fer de riblons. Fabrication du fer blanc par un procede nouveau. Verrerie avec ses fours a recuire et un atelier pour la taille des cristaux et des verres de lunettes. Coutellerie. Emboutissage du cuivre, de Paluminium et du platine. Fonderie de caracteres d’imprimerie avec atelier de clichage. Distilleries pour les alcools, les essences, &c. Fabrication de chocolat avec un etablissement pour la consommation des produits sur place. H 2 Extraction of perfumes. Light¬ houses. Processes in metallurgy. Metal-pipe drawing, founding, glass-blow¬ ing, &c. Observa¬ tory, with scientific apparatus in action. Bell-tower with clock. Winter gardens. Illustra¬ tions of masonry. Trees and shrubs. Arrange¬ ments for the park. Metallurgi¬ cal pro¬ cesses. Glass mak¬ ing and cutting. Cutlery. Type-found¬ ing. Distilleries. Chocolate manufac¬ ture. 88 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Preserved fruit. Laundry. Silk-worms. ~W ine-press. Extraction of perfumes. Farms, with stahles, &c. Specimens of the Empe¬ ror’s farms, with se¬ lected stock. Photo¬ meters. Photogra¬ phic studio. Observatory with scienti- ficapparatus. Bell and clock tower. Models of building construc¬ tion. Model dwell- fountains, rustic bow¬ ers, and seats, &c. Green¬ houses. Aquariums. Trees and shrubs. Light¬ houses. Theatre. Concert saloon. Interna¬ tional club. Shops. Fabrication des conserves de fruits et de legumes. Blanchisserie modele. Magnanerie installee au milieu d’un champ de muriers. Pressoir a vin a cote d’une vigne. Parfumerie elaborant des parfums extraits en partie de fleurs cultivees dans le pare. Fermes appartenant aux diverses regions agricoles de la France avec leurs etables et leur materiel en mouvement. Specimens des fermes imperiales avec animaux de choix ; plans et docu¬ ments statistiques relatifs aux resultats obtenus. Chambre noire pour experiences de photometric. Atelier complet de photographic ou s’effectueront devant le public toutes les operations de laboratoire. Cabinet de physique et observatoire munis d’instruments qui permettront aux visiteurs de se rendre compte de certaines operations scientifiques connues seulement d’un petit nombre. Campanile monumental supportant une horloge avec ses cloches et son carillon. Modeles de divers genres de construction en bois, pierre, briques et poteries, similimarbres, betons, agglomeres, metaux. Types d’habitations montrant les ameliorations introduces en France au point de vue de l’hygiene et du bien-etre, dans les logements a bon marche. Kiosques et chalets, fontaines, jets d’eau, vases, grilles, clotures, bosquets en treillage, meubles de fer, ponts rustiques, etc., servant a home- men tation des jardins. Serres renfermant les plus beaux specimens de fleurs et de fruits. Aquariums pour la pisciculture ; bassins renfermant des plantes aqua- tiques. De nombreux massifs d’arbres et d’arbustes contribueront a embellir ce pare dont les pelouses seront entretenues dans un etat de fraicheur continuelle au moyen de pompes et d’autres engins. Un phare de 66 m. de hauteur et d’autres phares de diverses grandeurs projetteront tous les soirs leur clarte dans le pare et sur le berge de la Seine. Le Park renfermera enfin :— Un theatre international sur lequel seront represents les divers genres dramatiques de tous le pays. Une salle de concerts internationaux dans laquelle se feront entendre les artistes des differentes nations. Un cercle international qui servira de centre de reunion aux exposants et dont le rez-de-chaussee contiendra une serie de boutiques ou les visiteurs, en quittant le chemin de fer, troveront les objets et les soins de toilette dont ils pourront avoir besoin. IX.—M. Le Play to Mr. Cole. Exhibition of objects illustrative of the “ History of Labour.” Monsieur le Commissaire, Paris, le 17 janvier 1866. La Commission Imperiale vient de prendre une decision instituant dans le Palais du Champ de Mars une exposition des oeuvres d’art et d’in- dustrie qui caracterisent les diverses epoques de Phistoire du travail. Cette exposition aura lieu dans une galerie speciale, situee entre celle des beaux arts et le jardin central. Elle recevra les oeuvres produites dans les diverses contrees depuis les temps les plus recules jusqu’a la (in du 18 e siecle, en y comprenant meme les objets d’une industrie rudime ttaire fabriques avant la decouverte des metaux. Les oeuvres se rattachant a l’industrie de chaque contree seront placees dans une section distincte de la galerie de l’histoire du travail. L’installation et la decoration de cette section seront faites oemme pour l’exposition des produits modernes par les soins et aux frais de la Commission de chaque pays. 89 Appendix (G.) to Mr. Coles Report . Une commission speciale est chargee d’organiser pour la section frangaise, sous la direction de la Commission Imperiale, 1’exposition des products caracterisant les differentes epoques de l’histoire du travail national. Je vous prie. Monsieur le Commissaire, de vouloir bien proposer a la Com¬ mission anglaise de prendre le plus t6t possible les mesures qu’elle jugera convenables pour assurer le concours de l’Angleterre a cette partie de l’Expo- sition Universelle. J’aurai soin de porter tres prochainement a votre con- naissance les dispositions qui seront prises par la Commission frangaise, et de vous adresser les documents qu’elle publiera. Cette Commission est disposee a vous prefer son concours et vous pouvez y faire appel en toute occasion.* J’ai l’honneur de vous faire parvenir des aujourd’hui trois exemplaires de l’arrete organisant la galerie de l’histoire du travail ainsi qu’un plan de cette galerie a l’echelle de 0 m. • 002. Ce trace differe notablement de celui que vous avez pu remarquer dans les plans que vous avez regus jusqu’a ce jour. Dans le principe, en effet, cette galerie n’etait qu’un portique, un promenoir ouvert, dont la paroi contingue aux salles des beaux arts pouvait seule recevoir des objets. La galerie actuelle, au contraire, a 8 m. de largeur, et est completement fermee ; elle pourra etre subdivisee en salles garnies de tables ou de vitrines. Cette dispo¬ sition nouvelle ne se prete pas seulement a une installation plus avantageuse des produits ; elle augmente pour chaque Etat la surface utile d’exposition. La Commission Imperiale a admis en principe que chaque pays aurait dans la galerie de l’histoire du travail un emplacement contigu, autant que possible, a la bande ou au secteur qu’il occupe dans les autres. Mais elle en pourra en raison de la destination plus large donnee a cette galerie attribuer rigou- reusement a chaque Etat la portion qui correspond au prolongement de ce secteur ou de cette bande vers le jardin central. II n’y a pas, en effet de relation necessaire entre les puissances productives d’un pays dans les temps modernes et dans les temps anciens. La Commission Imperiale a done decide qu’elle attendrait pour arreter dans la galerie de l’histoire du travail les limites precises des divers Etats, de con- naitre l’espace dont chacun d’eux croirait avoir besoin, et je viens vous prier de m’adresser le plus tot possible ce renseignement en y joignant 1’indication de l’espace necessaire et celle des epoques que vous comptez specialement representer. Apres avoir co-ordonne les renseignements qui lui auront ete ainsi fourni par les differentes nations, la Commission Imperiale arretera definitivement l’espace attribue a chacun d’elles. Agreez, &c. Le Conseiller d’Etat, Commissaire General, Monsieur Cole. (Signe) F. Le Play. X.—M. Le Play to Mr. Cole. Monsieur le Commissaire, Paris, le 30 janvier 1866. La Commission Imperiale prevoyant que l’Exposition Universelle de 1867, attirera de toutes les parties du monde un nombre considerable de visiteurs s’est preoccupee d’y organiser des services pouvant repondre a leurs divers besoins. Elle a tenu compte des desirs qui lui ont ete exprimes, et elle a reconnu que le public devait trouver dans le Palais du Champ de Mars des restaurants de tout ordre, des cafes, des patisseries, des boulangeries, des depots de comestibles et de boissons, des salons de lecture et de repos, un service de sante, des bureaux de poste et de telegraphie, des bureaux de renseignements, des cabinets d’aisance, &c. Ces divers etablissements ne peuvent occuper dans le Palais que la galerie * Cette Commission pourra surtout vous aider en vus servant d’intermediaire auprfes des collectionneurs Frangais qui possMent des objets produits a diverses epoques sur la territoire d’Angleterre. Description of gallery for History of Labour collection. Provision for needs of visitors. Refresh¬ ment and reading rooms. Post and telegraph offices. Water closets, &c. 90 Reports on the Faris Exhibition. Conditions for contrac¬ tors for supply of refresh¬ ments, &c. Contractors. Shops around the building to be lighted till Ilf p.m. Cellars. exterieure situee entre la galerie des arts usuels et le promenoir couvert. En voyant l’empressement de toutes les classes d’entrepreneurs a reclamer des espaces considerables la Commission Imperiale a reconnu que cette galerie devait etre consacree toute entiere a ces etablissements. Elle n’a en effet que 12,460 m. q. et a Londres, en 1862, les restaurants et les buffets seulement occupaient une superfice de 10,000 m. q. La Commission Imperiale est done obligee de demander aux Commissions des pays etrangers de vouloir bien affecter exclusivement aux services enumeres plus haut la portion de la galerie de pourtour qui leur est attribute. J’ai l’honneur de vous addresser ci-inclus un document qui vous fera con- naitre dans quelles conditions ces services seront remplis dans la Section Erangaise du Palais. Ces conditions sont applicable? a la Section Etrangere. Ainsi cbaque etablissement, quelle que soit son origine, sera considere comine un objet d’exposition, et pourra concourir pour les divers genres de recom¬ penses ; mais il devra conserver son caractere national et ne pourra en aucun cas y renoncer pour adopter les procedes d’un autre pays. Le personnel du service doit aussi etre national par la langue et le-costume. Enfin les entre¬ preneurs etrangers seront s.oumis aux charges supportees par les entrepreneurs d’etablissements analogues de la Section Erangaise, Les charges imposees aux concessionnaires sont justifiees par les benefices que ceux-ci feront en exergant leur commerce habituel, benefices qui pourront etre d’autant plus grands que l’enceinte reservee restera, ouverte jusqu’a 11 heures, et que des conferences scientifiques et litteraires, des’concerts, des representations theatrales, et d’autres lieux de reunion appeleront' le public pendant la soiree. Aussitot que l’adjudication des etablissements mentionnes ci dessus aura ete prononcee pour la Section Frangaise conformement aux regies indiquees dans la piece ci-jointe, j’aurai l’honneur de vous faire connaitre les prix de location par metre carre consentis par les adjudicataires. C’est a la Commis¬ sion Anglaise qu’il appartiendra alors en premier lieu de conceder la portion de la galerie depour tour qui.lui est attribute; mais si elle ne croyait devoir faire qu’un emploi partiel de ce droit de preference ou si meme il ne lui con- venait pas d’en user, la Commission Imperiale obligee de satisfaire aux con¬ venances des visiteurs se chargerait elle-meme .de pourvoir duectement a ces concessions en faveur d’entrepreneurs frangais. J’aurai l’honneur de vous adresser dans quelques jours la ,i e -instruction complementaire du reglement general qui concerne le mode d’exposition des produits du groupe 7. Elle explique comment la galerie du pourtour, affectee d’une maniere generale aux aliments et aux bossoins, remplira mieux sa des¬ tination premiere quand ces produits, dont la plupart sont tres alterables, seront renouveles chaque jour, vendus et consommes sur place; les uns, tels que le pain, les patisseries, les matieres sucrees dans des etablissements speciaux; les autres, tels que les viandes et poissons, les. legumes et fruits, les boissons fermentees, dans les restaurants et les cafes. Les produits tels que des echantillons de bles et de farines, que l’on expose habituellement dans des locaux places sur des etageres, qui ne peuvent donner lieu a une vente journaliere et qui ne contribuent ainsi ni a augmenter l’eclat de l’Exposition ni a satisfaire les besoins des visiteurs, seront mieux places dans la galerie des matieres premieres avec les autres produits agricoles. Les exposants de la galerie exterieure donneront au contraire un aspect aussi brillant que possible & leurs etablissements en vue d’y attirer le public ; ils seront tenus d’ailleurs de les eclairer au gaz jusq’a Ilf heures du soir. La fagade du Palais offrira ainsi un bandeau de lumiere continu, et une circulation active s’etablira le long du promenoir couvert. Je veux, Monsieur le Commissaire, vous prier d’attirer sur les dispositions qui precedent l’attention de la Commission Anglaise. Aussitot que j’aurai porte les resultats de notre adjudication a votre connaissance, je vous prierai de me faire savoir quel emplacement la Commission Anglaise aura pris la resolution d’occuper dans la galerie exterieure, et quels etablissements elle aura l’intention d’y installer. J’aurai egalement besoin de connaitre l’etendue des caves qui devront etre reservees sous ces etablissements. Les dispositions prendre tres prochaine- Appendix ( mais les branehements et la robinetterie seront a la charge des interesses. II y aura partout une pression suffisante pour arroser a la lance. Le prix du metre cube d’eau sera au plus de six centimes. L’entretien du gazon dans les terrains analogues a ceux du Champ de Mars entrainent, en moyenne a Paris, une depense de quinze litres d’eau par metre carre tous les cinq jours. La Commission Imperiale desire expressement que toutes les parties du Parc ^pii ne seront pas occupees par les constructions et par les allees principals ou secondaires soient semees ou plantees. Ces. semis ou plantations peuvent d’ailleurs faire l’objet d’expositions speciales. Les allees de circulation generate figurees au plan seront etablies et entre- tenues aux frais de la Commission Imperiale. Les allees particulieres que chaque Commission etrangere jugera convenable d’etablir dans sa section le seront a ses-frais. La Commission Imperiale eclairera le soir a ses frais les allees du Parc. Les etablissements que les Commissions etrangeres voudraient faire eclairer le seraient a leurs frais, et ces Commissions auraient a s’entendre a cet effet avec la Commission Imperiale. Agreez, & c. Le Conseiller d’Etat, Commissaire General. Monsieur Cole. (Signe) F. Le Play. XVI.—M. Le Play to Mr. Cole. Monsieur le Commissaire Executif, Paris, le 14 avril 1866. J’ai l’honneur de repondre aux questions diverses que vous me posez par votre depechedu 11 de ce mois, en rappelant les solutions que je vous ai fournies dans mes deux lettres expedites d’ici le 11 courant. 1° En ce qui concerne les beaux arts^dont vous avez demande le reglement special par lettre du 8 janvier, la Commission Imperiale n’a pas encore statue definitivement. Cependant j’ai l’honneur de vous communiquer ci-joints, a titre officieux, les articles concernant les etrangers dans le projet de Regle¬ ment qui va etre dans quelques jours soumis a son approbation, et qui sera probablement adopte (Annexe A). II. En ce qui concerne le Parc dont vous parle dans votre lettre du 26 fevrier, je vous envoie aujourd’hui le plan de l’emplacement atiribue dans le Champ de Mars au Royaume-Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’lrlande (Annexe B). Sur ce plan sont indiquees les portions reservees pour les Horses and cattle. Park levelled gratis. Watering. Price of water. Sowing and planting. Maintaining the paths. Lighting, Pine arts. 96 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Planting and turiing. Prices for grass plots. Plantations. Keeping-up. War ma¬ terial. Naval models. Refresh¬ ment gal¬ lery. Terms for French con¬ tractors for refresh¬ ments. Columns. Living animals. plantations et pour les constructions. Yous pouvez toutefois les modifier nu pen pourvu que vous respectiez les lignes de perspective tracees a l’encre rouge. La circulaire ci-jointe indique d’ailleurs tous les details relatifs a l’installation du Parc. Pour ce qui regarde plus particulierement les plantations et les gazon- nements voici les prix auxquels ces travaux seront executes pour le cornpte des exposants fra^ais par les entrepreneurs agrees par la Commission Imperiale:— Pelouses (y compris la preparation du sol, la terre vegetale et le semis) 130 f. Fare (100 m. q.) Plantations (comprenant la preparation du sol, la terre vegetale et le fourni- ture de 20 baliveaux et 80 touffes par are) 325 f. Pare. L’entretien des gazons et des plantations coutera pour toute la duree de l’Exposition 30 f. l’are, non compris F achat de l’eau qui coutera au maximum Of. 10 le metre cube. III. Les questions posees par votre depeche du 26 Fevrier relativement aux canons ont re Jena; the returning wall of the roadway formed the back of the shed. The cost, including a moiety of the expense of the construction of a tunnel (which was necessary as a means of communication from the park to the berge), was 2,800/. The building was not nearly ready for the reception of the objects for which it was erected when they had arrived from England, and long after Roadway Mr. Penn’s marine engines had arrived it was impossible to bring them into not formed the building, on account of the roadway leading to it not having been ln lme ‘ formed. Indeed it was not until the Imperial Commission had been informed that, unless the roadway was rendered passable, the British Commission would cause the necessary work to be executed to render it so, and deduct the cost from the sum to be paid to the Imperial Commission, that the road was completed. It must however be admitted that this building, as well as all other works on the berge, was greatly retarded by the unusual height to which the waters of the Seine rose, overflowing the banks, and preventing all work from being commenced until a very late date. II.— Shed for Exhibition of Lifeboat, and Apparatus for saving Life at Sea. This building was situated next to the marine shed, with which it commu- Shed for nicated, and was constructed of wood. It was not commenced until the 14th lifeboat, March, as the Imperial Commission had not, until that date, filled up and &c ‘ levelled the ground on which it was to stand. Exhibition of Admiralty and other Boats. The Admiralty having, on the recommendation of the Committee on Navi- Boats, &c. gation, of which H.R.H. the Duke of Edinburgh was President, decided to send to Paris for exhibition a complete set of ships’ boats in use in Her Majesty’s Navy, including a steam launch; and having also required that they should be exhibited under cover, with facilities for showing them both in and out of the water, it was considered that the best method of fulfilling these requirements would be to make use of one of the large barges used on the Seine for river traffic, and to erect over it a roof which would sufficiently overhang the sides to afford cover for the boats alongside of the barge, and at the same time be sufficiently strongly constructed to allow of the boats being hoisted to the overhanging beams, in the same manner as on board vessels. t?om X 1 The barge itself being decked on a level with the gunwale, afforded admirable space for the exhibition of the lighter description of pleasure boats, canoes, &c. forwarded for exhibition by private individuals. A considerable part of the space underneath the deck so formed was used as a cabin for the accom¬ modation of the sailors sent in charge of the boats. /Report on buildings in park. , War mate¬ rial exhi¬ bited by Govern¬ ment. Dimensions of building. Blown down whilst being constructed. Exhibition of war ma¬ terial by Prussian exhibitors. Method of construc¬ tion of build¬ ing. 138 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Captain Festing, who superintended the arrangements and necessary con¬ structions, selected from a builder at Compiegne a barge of about 140 feet long by 27 feet broad and 6 feet deep, and of 500 tons burden. The roof was. carried on principals, the uprights resting on the gunwale, and the horizontal beams projecting seven feet beyond the ends of the uprights ; the rafters projecting a still further distance of seven feet, by which ample shelter was afforded. MM. Sansarde and Leroux constructed the superstructure, the materials, as in the case of all other buildings, remaining their property at the close of the Exhibition. Some difficulty was experienced in obtaining from the French navigation authorities permission to moor the barge off the quay opposite the Exhibition^ as it was alleged that it would obstruct the navigation of the river. After some little delay permission was however obtained, and the Admiralty barge became one of the most popular and interesting features of the Exhibition. Buildings in the Park. Shed for Exhibition of Ordnance and other War Material sent by War Department. The War Office having demanded a considerable covered space for the exhibition of guns and other war material, the cheapest possible form of shed was devised. In consideration of the diverse sizes and nature of the. various objects to be exhibited, the best form suitable for the purpose was considered to be that of a high nave with lower aisles, crossed by a transept like a gothic church. It was executed in timber work of the lightest description, and covered with tarred brown paper laid on boarding. Its dimensions were—- length, 175 feet; width across the aisles, 50 feet; length of transept, 62 feet; height to ridge, 35 feet. The building was found to answer the purpose for which it was intended exceedingly well. It was unfortunately delayed in its completion on account of its having been blown down during a heavy gale of wind, which occurred whilst it was in progress of construction. Notwithstanding this, however, the building was ready and the contents arranged within a few days of the opening of the Exhibition on the 1st April. Shed for Exhibition of Materiel of War sent by Private Exhibitors. This erection, nearly similar in form to the last, was of the following dimen¬ sions :—Length, 120 feet; width across the aisles, 42 feet; height, 30 feet. The contract for its construction was undertaken by Messrs. Deodor and Jousse. These gentlemen were renowned as skilful carpenters, and all work done under their superintendence was well executed; but they had undertaken such a large quantity of work in the Champ de Mars that they bad to underlet most of the work, and their resources at a time when most necessary, com¬ pletely broke down ; they were consequently unable to complete their contracts by the specified date. This building, like that for the War Department, was covered with tarred paper. The process consists in unrolling the paper in horizontal overlapping courses on the roof, and cutting it off so as to leave enough to turn under the eave. Small nails are driven in at the joint so that a light fillet of wood when nailed on shall coyer the heads of each row. The paper is then tarred and sanded, and the fillets, which have been previously coloured, are nailed on at intervals of about 18 inches in a vertical direction. When well stretched and nailed with clean made fillets coloured red, the roof presents a very neat appearance, and ought to remain tolerably water-tight for two seasons, but it will not bear being walked on. It costs in Paris 10 d. a yard. Each building was painted white externally, the fillets covering the joints being red. Internally the walls were a dark Indian red, and the roofs a pale green. Flagstaff's were placed on the ridge and battened boards and ladders for ascending. The ornamental ridges used on wooden buildings of this kind are to be had in Paris at prices varying from 3 to 6 francs the lineal metre. Appendix (M.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 139 It would have been a more economical and convenient arrangement to have exhibited the war material sent by the War Department and that sent by private exhibitors in one building, but this was found to be impossible, on account of the regulations of the Imperial Commission, referred to above, relative to keeping certain vistas clear, which prevented the British executive obtaining on any one spot in the space in the park allotted to Great Britain a site sufficiently large for the purpose. Hut for Exhibition of Barrack , Hospital , and Stable Fittings. The War Department having included in the objects sent for exhibition a complete set of the furniture, fittings, &c. in use in the British army for a soldier’s barrack-room, recreation room, hospital ward, troop stable, &c., it was judged most convenient to show them in a series of rooms to be con¬ structed for the purpose. A plan was furnished by the barrack branch of the War Office showing the general design of the hut proposed, leaving the ques¬ tion of materials only to be chosen. This “ barrack hut ” was to consist of five sections. The first was to be a specimen of a hospital ward with its accessories of washing rooms, water- closets, &c.; the next section contained the fittings, &c. of a soldier’s “ recrea¬ tion roomthen came a specimen of a troop stable, followed by a non-com¬ missioned officer’s room; and at the end a specimen section of a soldier’s barrack room, with all the furniture, &c., and the usual accessories of lava¬ tories, &c. The method of construction considered best for this was one in very common use in Paris ; a framework of rough timber is filled in with blocks of old plaster work and the whole flushed with plaster, the rooms were ceiled and limewhited inside, and finished so as to represent (as far as possible) internally the various parts of barracks. Of course no consideration was given to the external appearance. Shed for Exhibition of Agricultural Machines and Implements. A very large space having been demanded by the manufacturers of agricul¬ tural machinery, and it being impossible to find a site sufficiently large for the purpose in the space in the park allotted to Great Britain, the Imperial Commission granted a special site for the purpose, consisting of a long narrow strip of ground adjoining the Avenue Suffren. The dimensions of the building to be erected were, therefore, of necessity influenced by the form of the ground. The shed was 610 feet long, and 37 feet broad, and 30 feet high to the tie beam. The principals were of timber, and supported on wooden posts, the back was boarded, but had some windows, the front was open to a height of 17 feet, and glazed above that. The roof was covered with tarred paper laid on boarding, but there was a skylight running the length of the building in order that those exhibitors who wished to put an upper stage over their spaces might have a sufficiently good light. It was built by Deodor and Jousse, at a total cost of 2,425/. It was commenced and nearly finished by 1st of March. There was a great deal of bad work in it. Eventually the contractors were compelled to pay for a portion of the necessary alterations and repairs consequent on their bad work. But no redress could be obtained for the inconvenience the exhibitors were put to, which, unfortunately could not be quickly prevented, at the time the weather was worst, owing to the scarcity of labour during the month of April. Structure for Exhibition of Electric Light , Fog Horns , Sfc. sent by the Trinity House. The Trinity House board, being very desirous of exhibiting one of their electric lights in the same manner in which it would be seen if fixed on an ordinary lighthouse, requested that some structure of sufficient height should Report on buildings in park. Exhibition of barrack fittings, &c. Arranged in five sections. Agricultural machinery, &c. Dimensions, &c. of build¬ ing. Trinity House exhi¬ bition. 140 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Report on buildings in park. Construc¬ tion for ex¬ hibition of electric light. be provided. A timber scaffolding was evidently the only erection which could be made in the very short time left. MM. Deodor and Jousse were, therefore, invited to tender for the erection of a scaffold 145 feet high, which should have sufficient stability to answer the purpose required. This they undertook to do, and to have the work completed ready for the reception of the lantern by the 20th February. Messrs. Deodor and Jousse sublet the contract to a foreman of carpenters, who was aided by about 30 scaffold-makers, the only class of men who could have undertaken it. In five weeks the required height of 145 feet had been reached, so that, on the 1st April, the framing for the reception of the lantern was almost completed, and on the 15th the installation of the lantern commenced. The dimensions of the four principal timbers used in the construction of the scaffolding were 2 feet square, and were placed at the angles of a square of 40 feet side. These were reinforced by four spurs placed on the diagonals of the square, with their feet at a distance of 25 feet, and reaching to a height of 35 feet. The length of the side of platform for carrying the lantern was 18 feet. Inside the square, formed by the first-mentioned principal timbers, were four other uprights, and between these and the outer ones were the steps leading to the lantern. Necessary rigidity was given by cross bearing in the usual manner. A small wooden chalet was constructed near the foot of the scaffolding for the electrical machinery, the cost of this, together with boarding in the top ^ which was found to be necessary), altering the gallery, putting up handrails, painting, &c. caused a considerable excess over the original contract price for the lighthouse. The scaffold poles were left in their original rough state, it was intended to have painted them, but, on account of the personal risk, the workmen demanded an enormous price for the work, which was, therefore, abandoned. Testing House. 1 , (i Building for testing Heating and Lighting Apparatus. This building consisted internally of one room, 40 ft. by 30 ft., and two others, 18 ft. by 30 ft., and was constructed of rough masonry with brick quoins. The building was used as a means of exhibiting, in its construction, building materials and contrivances, and manufacturers of these materials were invited to contribute specimens of their manufactures which might be used in the construction of the building, and thus show practically the uses to which such materials might be put. Many manufacturers availed themselves of the opportunity which was then afforded them, and contributed the specimens of their manufactures, such as :— Hoofing tiles. Encaustic and other tiles for pavements. Chimney pots. Terra-cotta. Window shutters, &c. &c. Considerable delay was, however, caused in the completion of the building by the non-arrival of materials promised. In one case a vessel containing a great portion of the roofing tiles was delayed for a considerable time, from having to put back twice through stress of weather on her passage from Bridgewater to the Seine. A more detailed notice on this building will be found in Captain Webber’s Testing House Heport. (See Yol. IV.) The Park. Throughout the Champ de Mars the laying out the main avenues and roads, and the planting of standard trees was undertaken by the Imperial Commission, but the following works were charged to the several foreign Appendix (M.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 141 commissions, the Imperial Commission, however, offering to have the work executed in accordance with certain stated prices, namely: — Planting with shrubs, including preparing the soil, &c., 3*83 fr. the metre superficial. Levelling, supplying, and spreading alluvial! . f , sunerficial soil for grass 0-20 metre thick - -J 7U n. tne metre superficial. Laying down in grass - - - *40 fr. Laying down water pipes, watering, mowing, and conservancy Total for grass per metre ditto. ditto. Report on buildings in park. Prices charged by Imperial Commission- 1 • 85 fr. Making secondary roads and paths, *85 fr. the metre superficial. Garden flowers, including planting, from *25 fr. to ’50 fr. each. Hire, &c. of iron trellis edging, 1*19 fr. the metre lineal. Considering the state in which the grounds were in the month of February 1867, a number of unfinished erections arising out of a sea of mud, it was astonishing the change that took place by the end of April, when the park presented a neat appearance, with luxuriant grass plots and beds of flowers, &e. As a place for large objects, this especial feature of the Exhibition, the park, presented a very favourable site. The facilities for circulation in the central building were approximately continued in it, resulting in a uniform dispersion of the visitors. Few parts could be said to have been secluded, so that even¬ tually it was regretted that many large objects which were within had not been placed out of doors. As it was tents, camp equipage, objects for equita¬ tion, musketry instruction, &c., from amongst the war material, found their way to the surrounding grass. And such objects as Messrs. Lassie's pile engine, coal and other metallurgical specimens, Mulready’s tomb in terra-cotta by Mr. Fulham, Minton’s vases, meteorological instruments, &c. were placed at angles of walks and other situations where they could be well seen and also prove ornamental. Where ironwork for gates, railings, posts, and horticultural purposes could have been admirably shown the British manufacturer neglected the chance, and allowed the French to leave him far behind in all that belonged to that class of articles. Two small buildings only were erected by British exhibitors. One by Mr. Bimmel, in which he made and sold perfume, consisted in a small wooden u chalet.” The other by Messrs. Bunnett, who, in exhibiting their revolving shutters, accommodated the “ Engineer ” newspaper with an office. The following statement shows the sum provided in the estimate for each work, the actual cost, and the cost per cubic foot of each building : — Estimate. Cost. Per Cube Foot. Boiler house and chimney 2,700 £ s. d. 2,662 11 11 d. Testing house - 1,000 1,801 15 10 5f Shed for marine engines - - ! Share of tunnel, quay, &c. - - j 4,500 4,500 0 0 Buildings for War Office : Shed for war material - - j 1,958 / 931 10 11 If Barrack hut - - - j j 912 0 0 Building for ordnance (private) 7 50 611 18 3 4 ,, agricultural machinery 2,870 2,425 5 1 3 4 Exhibition of Admiralty and other boats (including lifeboats) - 1,000 679 18 7 Lighthouse - 750 1,376 6 0 Cost of different buildings. 142 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. APPENDIX (N.) Report on the Steam and Motive Power Arrangements of the Paris Exhibition of 1867, by Captain Fred. Beaumont, R.E. Gas and water charged for. Arrange¬ ments for the supply of motive power. Provisions of contract. Sum allowed for horse¬ power in¬ sufficient. Contracts subdivided. In all previous International Exhibitions, the motive power, with gas and water required by exhibitors, have been gratuitously found by the country in which the Exhibition was held; but the French Commissioners of 1867 departed from this rule and charged for the two latter, while the former was let to contractors at so low a rate that the service could not be properly per¬ formed except at a loss. At the preliminary meetings of the Imperial Commission to decide on the general arrangements for the forthcoming Exhibition, the question of the supply of motive power was debated, and it was thought better to depart from the plan usually observed, when the Commission would have accepted the responsibility of properly driving all the machinery, and instead to let the service by contract, making its provision a part of the Exhibition itself ; the resolution of the Commission, therefore, took the following shape, that there should be no central source of power, but that certain points outside the building, corresponding to the allotments of the different countries, should be selected as sites for boiler houses whence the steam should be taken as required to the prime movers inside ; that the amount of power required by each country should be assessed ; and that a certain sum should be paid for its provision by the Imperial Commission to contractors undertaking the respon¬ sibility of supplying it ; further, it was hoped that contractors would be found among the exhibitors of the respective countries, in which case preference could be given to them over all others—thus Germany would be served by a German, England by an English contractor, and so on. The leading features of the contract were as follows : — 1. To provide all the engine power, boilers, boiler houses, chimneys, &c. &c. necessary. 2. To fit up all steam pipes necessary for the due transmission of the steam to and from the engines. 3. To provide and fix all shafting, with the necessary pulleys, plumber-blocks, and bearings. 4. To provide all labour, coal, oil, and stores necessary to keep the above in motion during the time, and for the hours stipulated by the Commission. For these services a sum of 600 francs (24/.) was allowed for each horse power indicated on the line of shafting up to the stipulated amount; if less than that power was given a corresponding deduction was to be made, but if, on the other hand, a greater amount was developed, no claim for extra payment would be recognised. This sum, 24/., was insufficient to enable the contractors to cover their expenses. lienee, taking that into consideration and the indefinite nature of difficulties in the way of the service to be performed, it was unlikely that foreign contractors could be found to undertake it; moreover, they would have had to incur a heavy outlay for work, the bulk of which would not answer their purpose as exhibitors; the service, too, would have had toffiave been done abroad, which would have placed them at a disadvantage with their French rivals. From all these reasons together, it came about that few besides the French appeared as furnishers of motive power, and they subdivided their contracts; thus, though a single person contracted with the Imperial Commission, he arranged with one to supply the building, with another the engine, a third the shafting, while he, perhaps, furnished the boilers, the privilege of being an ex¬ hibitor in Class 52 making up the difference between expenditure and share of the money paid by the Commission. I do not think this arrangement for pro- U 3 Appendix (JS r .) to Mr. Cole's Report. viding power is a good one even when such a sum is paid as to coyer reason¬ able expenses, and thus render inexcusable petty economies at the expense of the exhibitors to be served. The success of the machinery department depends, to a great extent, on the proper supply of motive power; it should be directly under the Executive Commissioner, and nothing ought to be allowed to endanger it, nor should it be made in any degree the subject of speculation; as it was, there were serious complaints in some of the foreign sections of want of steam, and hours had occasionally to be arranged when the different classes might work so that all should not attempt to run together. The English Executive Commissioner anticipated the difficulty, if not the impossibility, of obtaining an English contractor willing to work under the Imperial Commission and accept their terms ; and he had, moreover, a recol¬ lection of the 1855 Exhibition, when the English machinery, though ready, could not run, as the French steam arrangements were incomplete ; he, there¬ fore, made the following proposal : to take the sum that would have been paid by the Imperial Commission, and to relieve them from all responsibility—a proposition which was at once accepted and carried out. The amount of horse power agreed upon was 100, and the sum to be paid (at 24 1. per horse power) was consequently 2,400/. ; but this estimate was insufficient, and if only that amount had been provided half the English machinery would have been standing. The force actually generated by the boilers in the shape of steam was about 220 horse power. An appeal was then made to various exhibitors of machinery in connection with motive power, asking them if they were willing to place their exhibits at the disposition of the Commissioners, provided they were relieved of all expense in France. These conditions were readily accepted ; thus, through the libe¬ rality of the exhibitors comprising Class 52 (Prime movers, boilers and engines especially adapted to the requirements of the Exhibition), the Commissioners were enabled to avoid purchasing anything, except the shafting, pulleys, pipes, main-stop valves, &c. &c., which, as they consisted mostly of repetitions of ordinary manufactures, it could hardly be expected would be lent. The steam engines in Class 52 were delivered free by the makers in Paris, the expenses in France only being defrayed by the Commission; in the case of boilers, straps, and other exhibits, which were less attractive and more subject to deterioration by wear, the Commission paid all expenses from the time of their leaving the maker’s yards till they were returned. I append, marked A, a list of the contributors and their contributions to Class 52 ; without exception they all placed the best that their manufactories afforded at the service of the Commissioners, and no doubt the liberality of these gentlemen contributed much to lessen the general expenses. I think the public owe a debt of gratitude to them, especially, perhaps, to Messrs. Gallo ¬ way, who lent a 100-horse power engine and three 46-horse power boilers, which almost alone drove the English machinery during the time of the Exhibition. I propose to describe now more in detail the various arrangements as they were carried out. The water was partly supplied from the Paris waterworks and partly by the Imperial Commission; the low pressure service came from the former and the high from the latter. Close to the Pont de Jena a pair of double cylinder high pressure and condensing engines had been put down, which pumped the water direct from the Seine up to a reservoir established on the top of the Trocadero, whence, from a height of about 30 metres, it returned to the Champ de Mars, forming the high pressure service. All water required for the supply of the boilers, and for condensing engines in Class 52, was found gra¬ tuitously, all other was charged for at a fixed rate. The gas was supplied from the town mains, and, being measured by certain metres in different portions of the English space, was charged for at the rate of 30 centimes the cube metre, or about 7 s. Ad. per 1,000 cubic feet—a high price. It was a stipulation with the owners of the boilers that they should be put down in such a way as to admit of being well seen; at the same time it was essential that the public should be prevented from interfering with the duties Want of steam in foreign sec¬ tions. Amount of horse-] tower allotted to Great Bri¬ tain insuffi¬ cient. Prime movers placed at service of Commission. Water sup¬ ply. Gas. Boiler house. Report on motive power ar¬ rangements Boiler power. Galloway’s boilers. Messrs. Howard’s boiler. 144 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. of the stokers ; to compass both ends, the boilers were placed in a square pit, so that their upper surfaces were nearly flush with the ground level, over this an ornamental roof open at the sides was placed with a gallery or verandah running round it, protected by a balustrade, to this the public had free access, and from it a perfect view could be obtained of all that went on in the stoke hole below, as also of the gear on the tops of the boilers ; the roof was orna¬ mentally designed, and both it and the chimney alongside followed the archi¬ tectural features of an Indian tomb. It will be seen by the plan that the coal bunkers were just behind the firing floor, and that a passage on one side was arranged which gave access to the main flue, and at the same time permitted of being used as a sort of store. The boiler-house answered its end well, and I do no see how for exhibition purposes its arrangement could have bee modified with advantage. It is very difficult to form anything like a correct estimate of the power required to drive exhibited machinery, first, because its motion is not continuous, and next, from want of accurate information: my original estimate dated Sheerness, 24th July 1868, put down 210 as the boiler horse power required, which was calculated as follows. Information from the various exhibitors gave 180 as the power wanted to keep all their machinery in motion at the same time, assuming that £ was standing gave 120, to which 90 horse¬ power was added, as from similar information that amount was thought to represent the steam wanted by exhibitors using it in their own machines, the sum of these figures make 210 horse power, which was very nearly the actual consumption. The three Galloway boilers of 46 nominal horse power each, together equal to 138, drove all the machinery nicely, but with nothing to spare, and to do this they were worked up to nearly double their nominal horse¬ power. The plan of the boiler-house will show the general arrangements, the feed water was brought by a pipe from the ordinary service, and connected with the supplies to the donkey engines and injector by which it was delivered to the boilers. One of Payton’s ingenious and simple little meters enabled the quantity of water consumed to be registered. Boilers were lent by three makers, Messrs. Galloway and Sons, of Manchester; Messrs. Howard, of Bedford, and Messrs. Hayward and Tyler, of London. Each boiler was cylindrical with flat ends 24 ft. long by 6 ft. 6 in. in dia¬ meter, and was furnished with double grates uniting at their backs in a single oval flue containing the vertical conical water tubes which constitute the peculiarity of Messrs. Galloway’s manufacture ; the double grates uniting at their back ends permit of alternate firing, and economically and effectually prevents the formation of smoke, the tubes act the part of stays and add very materially to the quantity and quality of the heating surface, they also maintain a due circulation of water, a point of great importance ; the tubes are made conical to admit of their lower flanges passing through the hole in the flue made to receive the upper one, an arrangement which facilitates their being replaced, and allows of their being fixed to old boilers, a large number of these tubes are in use, the makers return upwards of 30,000 at the beginning of 1867. The Galloway boilers worked well, without the occurrence of any hitch, and were easily managed; they were tested hydraulically to 120 lbs. on the square inch, and were found so tight that a single small pump could keep the pressure in all three together. An average quantity of 3 tons, 7 cwts. coal was burnt per diem under them, and they evaporated an average quantity of 6,325 gallons of water, being 8 * 4 lbs. per lb. of coal; the coal was the best marine Merthyr, of first rate quality. Messrs. Howard lent one of their water tube boilers of 30 horse power, which was subsequently during the time of the Exhibition increased to 40 horse power, by the addition of more tubes ; the boiler belongs to a class of which there are several varieties, and its object is to ensure safety, portability and economy of fuel; it consists of a series of vertical wrought iron tubes connected at their bottoms by a casting, and above by a steam pipe, the boiler being necessarily in small pieces is easily transported, and as each tube Appendix (i\ r .) to Air. Cole’s Report . 145 is complete in itself the whole may be indefinitely extended; as the heated Report on gases circulate about the tubes, through their whole length, water and steam motive space alike, the steam ought to be superheated. Though only worked at 60 lbs. rarfgcments. pressure, the boiler was at the maker's request tested to 300 lbs. per square inch, and no doubt might be safely worked at a higher pressure even than that. The results of experiments did not give so good a duty for the coal burnt as with Messrs. Galloway’s; moreover, the water line could not be kept horizontal, and the safety plug was consequently burnt out two or three times; it is, however, only right to state that the position of the boiler gave it an indifferent draught, and the fluctuation in the .water level might very probably be corrected by a freer communication between the upper part of the tubes, all the joints of the tubes remained tight, and the boiler itself gave no trouble when once in working order. The theory of superheating the steam seemed to me to be hardly borne out by facts, but a more powerful draught and a modified arrangement might probably have given a better result. The boiler was employed almost entirely in driving the engines of the electric light, it was rarely used in connexion with Messrs. Galloway’s to send steam into the main building on account of its size, with two of Messrs. Galloway’s the steam could not be kept up, and with three it was de trop. The boiler lent by these gentlemen was that known as the Jordan Boiler, Messrs, and consists of an assemblage of tubes, each of 1-horse power, somewhat ^n^T^ler's similar to Messrs. Howard’s above described, but differing in the way in which toiler, the connexions are made ; an arrangement of baffle plates is also introduced among the tubes, which ensures a circulation of the products of combustion, the tubes are closed at their tops in such a way as to permit of their being readily and separately examined; the combustion chamber is outside the boiler ; this boiler was never worked, for the following reason,—the tubes are assembled by bolting together the square flanges of the castings receiving their lower ends, which flanges are supposed to be true ; if they had been, and could have been truly bolted up, the last face of each row would have been in one straight line and have fitted the casting which completes and joins the sets ; without very great difficulty a series of independent plane faces cannot be bolted together both absolutely true and steam-tight, hence when it was tried to add the last casting it would not fit; washers of india-rubber were attempted to be introduced, but as might be anticipated without success. The face of the cast¬ ing might have been fitted by hand to the inclined surfaces it was to meet, but it would have been a troublesome operation, and the makers preferred dis¬ pensing with the casting, and having made the joints of each tube separately, to connect them together by small pieces of wrought iron tube screwed into each cover. The bolts which connected the flanges of the tubes together appeared to me too weak, and though there would have been no danger of a violent explosion there would have been considerable fear of leakage; moreover, the reduced size of the small tubes introduced in place of the intended casting would have interfered with the circulation of the water. On the whole, the prospect of having an efficient boiler as altered appeared to me so small that I refused to take it over, unless the firm would practically prove that it was in working order, by keeping it under steam themselves for a fortnight, when, in the event of success, their expenses would be repaid ; which, however, under the circum¬ stances would have been trifling, as coal was found them. This responsibility Messrs. Hayward and Tyler were unwilling to take, hence the boiler, though nearly completed, was never used, nor indeed did it have a fire under it. It is right to add that the boiler stood the requisite water pressure to permit its use under steam so far as safety was concerned, and that the objections mentioned above are matters of construction admitting of correction. The three Galloway’s boilers were found to be just sufficient to supply the demand for steam in the English section ; the Howard boiler was used almost exclusively to drive the engines in connexion with the magnetic apparatus for the electric light, the pipes leading to which were in connexion with the main steam pipes, but could be shut off from them at pleasure by a stop valve. 146 Mevorts on the Paris Exhibition. Feed ar¬ rangements. Fuel econo¬ miser. Coal. The arrangements for feeding the boilers were as follows :—1st, a Gifford’s injector as improved by Messrs. Sharp, Steward, and Co., of Manchester. 2nd, a donkey pump by Messrs. Brown, Wilson, and Co. 3rd, another by Messrs. Carrett Marshal and Co. of Leeds ; and, 4th, another by Messrs. Appleby of London. The whole of these were in connexion with one suction and one delivery pipe, hence they could be used alternately in the event of accident. One pump was specially connected with the Howard boiler to feed it when working alone. The injector was of a size sufficient of itself to keep up the water in the Galloway boilers. Messrs. Carrett Marshall’s pump represented a type ordi¬ narily in use. Messrs. Appleby and Brown Wilson aim at getting entire simplicity of parts; the pump supplied by the former firm worked well, but that sent by the latter, having no air vessel, and being, moreover, situated some distance from the boiler, worked noisily, the shocks were very violent at each stroke of the plunger; there were besides certain mechanical defects which prevented its proper action, but these have, no doubt, now been remedied. In connexion with the feed arrangements was fixed a fuel economiser by Messrs. Green of Wakefield; this apparatus consists of a series of vertical tubes which are connected together, end to end, and are placed in the flue between the boilers and the chimney; the feed water is driven into one end of these tubes by the pumps, and circulating through their length is heated before it finally leaves them for the boilers; in fact, the apparatus may be said to be a long pipe coiled in the escape flue, which absorbs, for the benefit of the feed water, heat that has left the boiler and is on its way to the chimney, it may be said with truth that such an economiser is a reflection on the boiler maker, as a properly constructed boiler should absorb all heat, except that which is necessary to produce a draught in the chimney, but practically no boiler, except a very expensively constructed tubular one, could fulfil this condition, and with the best constructed Cornish boiler, fully fired, it will be found that there is a residue of heat left after the gases have ceased contact with the boiler above that required for the purpose of the draught, and to absorb this an unreasonably long boiler would be necessary. In Messrs. Galloway’s boiler the flame from the furnace circulates directly among the conical tubes in the oval flue, extending from the back of the grates to the end of the boiler, thence it returns in two divided streams, which joining, pass again under the whole length of the boiler on their way to the chimney, thus the whole water space is enveloped in flame ; but still the tem¬ perature in the flue was such as to admit of a considerable amount of heat being abstracted without injuriously interfering with the draught; as soot is a good non-conductor of heat and the tubes in the flue soon get covered with it, it is necessary to devise some means of keeping them clean, this Messrs. Green effect by having a series of scrapers which move slowly and continuously up and down between the tubes, these scrapers are set in motion by a small engine, but the power required is insignificant, in fact, the engine is little more than a toy. The economiser gave no trouble in its management and produced a saving of fuel. Detailed experiments have been made on some of the engines and boilers of the Exhibition generally, especially the English, by Monsieur Tresca, of the Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers, and myself, which will form the subject of a further report. The coal was supplied from England, as it appeared that an actual saving of expense would result from so doing, and moreover the quality of the coals would be assured. After obtaining the prices of one or two firms, the offer of Messrs. Dixon and Harris was accepted, to deliver the best Welsh coal (known as the Marine Merthyr, from the Bwylfa colliery) in the Champ de Mars at 32 fr. per ton irrespective of duty. The coal proved of first rate quality, and the arrangement a satisfactory one to the Commission. It may be interesting to state the actual cost incurred in carrying Welsh coal to Paris. Appendix (N) to Mr. Colds Report. 147 Coal put on board at Cardiff, band-picked at the colliery, and screened at the place of shipment - Freight to Dieppe ----- - Transhipment and expenses at Dieppe Carriage by rail to Paris (Batignolles station) Delivery at the Champ de Mars - Use of sacks, & c. - s. d. 10 6 9 6 2 6 5 0 3 6 1 0 Paris dues, 7 francs Duty, 1 franc 32 0 6 8 38 8 Report on motive power ar¬ rangements. These figures, though in some instances approximate, are very near the truth, and the total is quite correct. The first price of the coal is stated by the vendors to be below its real market value. The cost of inferior foreign coal is as follows :— From Charleroy. Per ton. Le tout Venant (including dues) - - 40 francs. Les Gaillette „ - 50 „ Les Briquettes „ - - 44 „ French coal, not equal in quality to the above, may be had at about - - - 35 „ The plan of the boiler-house and steam and water arrangements is sufficiently clear, I need only add that in practice the whole worked satisfactorily, the coal could be easily taken in without inconvenience to the public, and the open nature of the covering permitted the boilers and the action of their attendants to be observed without inconvenience ; for general purposes I think this arrangement will be found economical, as the buildings are less expensive, the manipulation easier, the whole of the apparatus is well under view, and an additional height corresponding to the depth sunk is obtained for the chimney. Each boiler was furnished with a stop-valve serving to break its connexion steam pipes, with the main steam pipe, which latter, 10 in. in diameter, was taken by an underground tunnel into the machinery gallery, where it ended in a casting containing four branches, one for the inlet and the three others to effect the distribution of the steam to the different sections of exhibitors. One main stop-valve shut the whole of the steam from the building, and three others were attached to the three branches respectively, the distributing main was 6 in. in diameter. With so long a length of pipes it was necessary to make special arrangements for the withdrawal of the condensed water, and this was effected by means of steam traps, five of which were placed at the different spots shown on the plan; in connexion with each trap a by-pass was provided, by which the water could be blown direct into the drain in the event of the trap not acting. The average pressure of steam used was 50 to 55 lbs. on the square inch. The exhaust steam from the high pressure engines was received in pipes lying side by side in the same channel as the steam pipes, and which led it to the chimney. From experiments made it was found that the back pressure was nil; the exhaust pipes were 8 in. and 10 in. leading into a main 15-in. pipe. There were five engines employed in driving the English machinery, their Engines, position and the machinery they drove will be seen by reference to the plan. A double cylinder high-pressure engine, in arrangement somewhat similar Galloway ! s to a locomotive, consisting of a pair of 26 in. cylinders, lying side by side with engine.. their valve chests between them. The whole of the working parts were enclosed in a massive casting, giving a strength and solidity well suited to resist such irre¬ gular strains as a rolling mill engine would be subject to ; the governor acted on an ordinary throttle valve. This pair of engines were nominally of 100 horse power, but could easily work up to three times that amount; they drove the cotton machinery. 148 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Allen en¬ gine. Ransomes and Sims. Fox Walk¬ er’s. Hick and Hargreaves. Shafting. Made by the Whitworth Company of Manchester, which was possibly the most remarkable engine in the whole Exhibition, it was a beautiful specimen of machinery, and all that workmanship could do had been done to enable it to run successfully at the high rate at which its designers had speeded it; with a two foot stroke it made 200 revolutions, or a piston speed of 800 feet per minute ; the engine was condensing and the air pump was attached direct to the steam piston ; a peculiar and very ingenious disposition enabled the plunger to work without shock at this high speed; the steam valves were in equilibrium and with a moderate throw gave a full supply of steam to the cylinder, the governor (Porter’s system) was in direct communication with the valve, and modulated the cut off according to the amount of work to be done. The engine may be summed up as running at an abnormally high speed, thus enabling a small engine to do the work of a larger one ; valves adapted to this speed and to the supply with a moderate throw of a sufficient quantity of steam, a perfection of workmanship and balancing of parts without which the speed would break the engine down ; and, lastly, a condenser and air pump arranged for the same great rate of motion. Two engines, by Messrs. Ransomes and Sims, which were very perfect specimens of the type of portable engines manufactured by that firm. One was a single cylinder engine for general purposes, provided with no special means for economizing steam, the other, a double cylinder engine of 14 nominal horse power ; having 9 in. cylinder with 12 in. stroke fitted with balanced expansion valves, permitting the grade of cut off to be varied by hand while running. A good arrangement for heating the feed water was provided with a hot and cold water pump. This form of portable engine would appear to be as perfect as any made, and the saving in fuel would no doubt pay a very high rate of interest on the extra cut of the machine beyond the simpler type exhibited. Though these two engines were shown attached to their own boilers, they were supplied with steam from the common source, a couple of pipes taking it to and from the cylinders, independently of the boilers. A small horizontal engine, presenting no great peculiarities. The engine was fitted with a variable expansion, adjustable while running (by hand), and the whole of the working parts were conveniently arranged on a single fiat bed plate. A single cylinder high-pressure engine, the peculiarities of which consisted in the valve gear, which was an adaptation of Corliss’s; the object arrived at, and obtained, is a sudden cut off of the steam at any required portion of the stroke, while the exhaust part is kept invariably open the full time ; the valves are cylindrical slides, and those for the admission of the steam are kept constantly shut by a spring till they are acted on by the eccentric ; but the connexion between the valve and the eccentric can be broken at any moment by a trigger action regulated by the governor, when the spring reacts and effects the cut off. The action is very perfect and the diagrams obtained excellent, still it is doubtful whether practically as good might not be obtained from a correctly adjusted slide valve, especially when the oad is not very variable. The trigger arrangement looks complicated, but in reality it can hardly be called so, and all the parts are so readily accessible that a derangement, if it occurred, could be easily remedied. An advantage of this valve gear should be noticed, viz., the ease with which water can get past the parts, thus doing away with the liability to accident from condensed steam at starting. The whole of the engines worked well, the only one with which a serious breakdown occurred being the Allen engine, and this was owing to a careless arrangement of the water plates within the condenser, which shook loose and got in the way of the air-pump plunger, breaking it. In arranging an exhibition of machinery, one of the most important con¬ siderations is, the way in which the power shall be taken from the prime movers and distributed to the various machines requiring it; of course, this is best done by shafting, whence it is taken by pulleys and belts as required ; but the question is the position of the shafting, it may either be underground Appendix (JV.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 149 or overhead, and if overhead, a question arises as to which is the best way of carrying it; a line of shafting under the floor is inconvenient for general purposes, as it does not allow sufficient room to get a proper length for the belts, and further these latter come in the way of the attendants to the machines ; overhead shafting permits of the belts being kept out of the way, and enables a proper length to be given them; if the shafting is carried on columns in a central line between two sets of exhibits placed back to back it will be found to be as convenient an arrangement as can be adopted. The French conceived the idea, which was a good one, of having a raised platform running centrally through the machinery gallery, thus enabling people to get a bird’s-eye view of the work going on below them ; they then made a great mistake in utilizing this promenade further by attaching to it the brackets carrying the plumber blocks and bearings of the shafting. As they were afraid of the vibration from the parts in motion affecting in an unpleasant manner the gallery itself, all the pillars and framework carrying the shafting were distinct from those supporting the gallery, the double arrangement made this mode of proceeding expensive ; and it was bad for two reasons, first, only one side of the shaft could be utilized since the space under the gallery was used as a promenade, and secondly, the public ran a risk of being spattered by the oil and dirt from the bearings, which cannot altogether be avoided ; again the breaking of a strap might have caused danger. I believe that the French went to a needless expense in isolating the supports of their shafting from those of the gallery, as, if the tremor could not have been altogether prevented, it could have been rendered so trifling as to have been no source of inconvenience to people walking on the platform. A better arrangement than their’s might however have been made by in¬ creasing the width of the gallery some 9 or 10 feet on either side, and using the space so gained as exhibiting space, for which it would have been con¬ veniently situated. The shafting would then have been carried towards the centre of the exhibiting space, and both sides of it would have been available for driving. As space was much required in the English section, this arrangement was proposed, but was rejected (even though the English Com¬ missioner offered to take the expense), on the grounds that the symmetry of the gallery would be destroyed, and the brackets of the original design being unoccupied by shafting would have looked purposeless. The proper way, as described above, would have been to have made the gallery only of sufficient strength to carry the people, which would have considerably reduced its proportions, and then to have supported the shafting on pillars placed centrally in the exhibiting space on each side of the gallery; by this means a smaller quantity of shafting would have been necessary, and its situation would have been the most convenient for transmitting power. A shaft sup¬ ported on unstayed columns will drive any ordinary exhibited machinery, and in the event of an abnormally great strain being required to be taken special arrangements could be made. Four lengths of shafting were thus arranged and driven in the English section, they answered very well; without this addition the shafting, as provided by the French Commission, would have been insufficient to have driven all the British machinery. The columns were unstayed, except those which were immediately opposite the main driving points, where the addition of a light stay gave sufficient steadiness. A short length of underground shafting was also put down, which drove several of the looms ; this arrangement was a cheaper one, though not so convenient as the overhead portion; for the looms, as they were very close together, it answered; but it is not adapted to drive machinery working at irregular distances from the source of power. With a view to provide as far as possible against accidents from people getting caught by the straps, the French suggested that a disengaging clutch should be attached to each line of shafting, by working which that portion might be disconnected from the prime mover; this was not earned out in the English section, and indeed it would have been a useless precaution, as from the speed at which the shaft was running, 120 revolutions a minute, the momentum of the pulleys and machines attached would have carried it round long enough to have made any one entangled with it past help; what would have been more useful was a sudden means of pulling up the engine itself; M Report on motive power ar¬ rangements. 150 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Report on this was attempted to be done in the English section by placing a stop-valve motive ^ j n each exhaust pipe which could be suddenly closed, thus bottling the steam ran^enfents. cylinder. I think, however, this expedient would have been of doubtful use had an accident suddenly occurred. The shafting being carried on a curved line corresponding to the shape of the gallery, necessitated at intervals the introduction of some form of universal joint for changing its direction. There are usually three modes of effecting this, bevelled wheels, a drag link, or some form of the well-known universal coupling ; the two former are ugly and inconvenient in size, and the latter not well adapted for the transmission of a great amount of power. I append a sketch of the coupling that was used, which while it was the neatest looking arrangement in the Exhibition, answered perfectly, and presented moreover no moving parts which could endanger the attendant when he went to oil it; it will be seen to consist of a modification of the ball and socket joint with the driving surfaces so arranged that while they permit of motion in every direction they still present a proper area to receive the thrust. General The machinery was exhibited in a gallery of noble dimensions, though ugly arrange^ enough so far as appearance went; it formed the outside zone of the concentric ments. circle devoted to the various industries. The general notion of the arrange¬ ment was to divide, so to speak, the produce of the world into zones which weie cut at right angles by divisions separating the different countries ; thus, all the machinery of the world could be inspected by walking round the machinery gallery, all fine arts by passing through another gallery, textile fabrics another, and so on; while by turning your direction at right angles the different products of each country were passed under view. This arrange¬ ment up to a certain point was good enough, but its practical execution neces¬ sitates the acceptance of a fact which is not the case, viz., that the proportions which subsist between the industries of different countries is the same ; the proportions of space allotted to Italy and to England, as regards their ma¬ chinery and fine arts, was the same, now England had not near space enough to show her machinery properly, while in other parts of the machinery gallery elephants, pagodas, minerals, &c., were exhibited to take up the ground. I have not stated above what was strictly true, as a certain latitude of propor¬ tionate area was given according as the allotment was on the curve or on the straight portion of the Exhibition, but this difference was very slight since the straight portion was so small. Again, so far as machinery was concerned, a great mistake was made in having the gallery curved ; it necessitated a curved line of shafting, involving universal joints, and between each set of allotments came an angular space which very nearly approached no man’s land, of use to no one, and, so far as my humble judgment in these matters go, a straight wall looks better than a curved one, and is capable of giving a finer effect. I think, therefore, that holding to the idea of zones for the purpose of general classification the proper shape for the building to take is that of an oblong, when by varying the angle of the cross galleries any amount of proportion may be given to the industries of the different countries. It appears to me also a great question whether it is not best to confine the machinery to a building, or to a part of the main building, by itself, where its noise, dirt, and at the same time its charms may be sought or not at pleasure. Every person visiting the Paris Exhibition was obliged to pass through the machinery court before he could see other parts, though the temperature at times was pleasant enough, in the hottest days it was not agreeable, and the noise of the looms was always heard to a certain extent in those parts of the Exhibition near the machinery gallery. As regards the motive power, I think it is a good thing to let the boilers and engines driving the other machinery form part of the Exhibition, and it is also right to separate the boilers, and have them at independent positions outside the building, but to insure that the Exhi¬ bitors are properly served in point of power and steam, the control of the motive power should be entirely under the executive Commissioner. The flooring of the building being close boarded, and laid on concrete over the natural ground, made it very difficult to get rid of the dust, which when there was wind was a source of much annoyance; in fact, it was sufficient occasionally to stop some of the spinning machinery. A good space under the floor, and the boards laid a quarter of an inch apart, would entirely have ob- Appendix (JV.) to Mr. Coles Report. 151 viated this inconvenience. The water and gas pipes ought to have been laid down at the time the building was prepared, as well as the channel for the steam-pipes. A properly considered scheme for carrying this out would have cost little at first to the Imperial Commission, and would have saved a great deal of trouble ; who is to pay for it is another matter, but the Commissioners ought to hand the building over complete, water-tight, and with the water and gas laid on, together with a proper channel formed for introducing the steam- pipes into the building, as such arrangements can be much better and cheaper done at first than later. (A.)— Class 53. Prime Movers, Boilers, Engines, &c., specially adapted to the requirements of the Exhibition. List of exhibitors placing their exhibits at the disposal of the British Commission : — Appleby Brothers, Emerson Street, Southwark, London. Five-ton steam travelling crane, with various motions, and donkey steam pump. Aveling and Porter, 72, Cannon Street, London. Road locomotive. Brown, Wilson, and Co., 80, Cannon Street, London. Donkey steam pump. Carrett, Marshall, and Co., Sun Eoundry, Leeds. Donkey steam pipe. Croggon and Co., Glasgow, Liverpool, and 34, Bread Street, London. Dry hair and inodorous felt non-conducting for steam pipes. Fox, Walker, and Co., Bristol. Horizontal high-pressure steam engine. Galloway, W. and J., and Sons, Knott Mill Iron Works, Manchester. High-pressure steam engine and boilers. Green, E., and Sons, Wakefield. Fuel economiser. Hepburn, J. and T., and Sons, Southwark, London. Driving belts. Hick, Hargreaves, and Co., Soho Iron Works, Bolton. Horizontal high-pressure steam engine. Howard, J. and F., Britannia Iron Works, Bedford, and 4, Cheapside, London. Patent safety boiler. North British Rubber Company (Limited), 4, Cannon Street, London. Driving belts and washers. Porter, C. T., care of the Whitworth Company (Limited), Manchester. Condensing horizontal steam engine. Ransomes and Sims, Ipswich. Improved portable steam engines, with apparatus for economising fuel, Russell, G., and Co., 7, Exchange Place, Glasgow. Portable steam crane. Ruston, Proctor, and Co., Locomotive Works, Lincoln. Locomotive. Shanks, A., and Son, 27, Leadenhall Street, London. Steam travelling crane. Sharp, Stewart, and Co. (Limited), Atlas Works, Manchester. Improved Gifford’s Injector. Tangye, Brothers, Clement Street, Birmingham. Lifting jacks, pulley blocks, &c. Taylor and Co., Turner’s Patent Strap and Hose Company, Armit Works, Greenfield, near Manchester. Driving belts. Tyler, Hayward, and Co., 84 and 85, Whitecross Street, St. Luke’s, London. High pressure boiler. M % Report on motive power ar¬ rangements. Names of exhibitors who lent engines, &c. 152 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. APPENDIX (0.) coi. Ewart’s Report by Lteut-Col. Ewart, RE., on the Precau- fire°arra«ge- tions adopted against Fire in the British History of merits. LABOUR and FlNE ART GALLERIES. The galleries in the Paris Exhibition, allotted for the Fine Arts and History of Labour, are the two interior ones immediately surrounding the central garden. Dimensions They occupy an arc of 75° out of a circle of 42* 50 metres in radius, of galleries. The innermost one, intended for the history of labour, is 25 feet wide, with a mean height of 27 feet and a mean length of 100 feet. That proposed for the fine arts is 47 feet wide, with a mean height of 35 feet and a mean length of 165 feet. The two galleries are separated from each other, from the central garden, and from the industrial galleries, by rubble stone walls about 20 inches in thickness. They are also divided from the avenues at either end by similar walls. The central avenue is at one end of the British section, and two minor avenues intersect the arc, a third passing the other end of the space. In consequence of this arrangement there are the following large doorways in the before mentioned galleries, viz.:— Fine Arts. Two in wall next Industrial portion. Two leading from central avenue. Two leading to History of Labour gallery. One leading into end avenue near American Exhibition. History of Labour. Arrange¬ ments made by French executive. Two in wall dividing it from Eine Arts. Two in wall bounding Central Garden. One at each end. There are also small doors, 6 feet by 3 feet, in each of all the three parallel stone walls, which were made for the convenience of the exhibition of the United States. The roofs of the two galleries are formed with iron trusses and tie rods. The rafters are of wood, covered with zinc lined with wood sheeting. A glass skylight occupies about half the width of each gallery. There is a parapet wall about eight feet high on the side of the central garden, but none on that of the industrial portion. An open arcade surrounds the central garden within the History of Labour gallery, it is 18 feet wide and 17 feet high, it is formed with iron trusses covered with zinc and sheeted with wood. The roofs of both the galleries, as well as the arcade, abut at one end against the stone wall which forms one side of the central avenue, but at the other they are in no way divided from those of the other adjacent foreign sections. The following arrangements have been made by the French executive as precautions against the occurrence of fire, viz.: — A large reserve water tank to contain about 5,000 cubic metres or tons of Appendix ( 0 .) to Mr. Coles Report. 153 water has been constructed on the high ground adjacent to the “ Trocadero,” distant about half a mile from the building. This tank is 22 feet deep, and the bottom of it is believed to be 78 feet above the floor of the Exhibition. The water is conveyed from the tank to the building and through the central avenue by a 12 inch iron pipe, from this four inch branch pipes are led down each of the intersecting avenues, and the water will be delivered from 1^ inch hydrants. Four open tanks in the central garden will contain a reserve of water from which fire engines could obtain a moderate supply. Allowing for friction, it may be calculated that the water at the entrance of the grand avenue should rise to a height of about 60 feet, but this pressure would be much diminished in the branch avenues as well as when the water is delivered from hydrants of only H inches in diameter. It is contemplated that the high level tank shall be filled by pumping up water from the Seine, and it is also stated that arrangements will be made for adjusting the pumping power so as to directly supply the building in case of fire, but the machinery for this purpose is not yet in working order. The danger to be apprehended in case of a fire occurring in a bdilding con¬ structed like the Paris Exhibition is no doubt great, and should an outbreak not be at once quenched it is to be feared that it would spread with great rapidity on account of the drafts from the converging intersecting avenues, as well as the parallel circulating passages, these drafts being increased as the air may become rarified. The two galleries containing the British Fine Arts and History of Labour collection are bounded as it has been shown by stone walls, but there is the risk of fire from the industrial portion attacking the wooden rafters, or of a fire spreading to the woodwork of the roofs of these galleries from the roofs of adjacent galleries. In consequence of the value of the pictures and other articles which will be exhibited in the British Fine Arts and History of Labour galleries, the Lord President moved the Imperial Commission to carry out certain additional precautionary measures; and upon their refusal to do so, His Grace has decided to cause the following works to be performed, the Imperial Commission having given their consent. I. To fit sufficient double iron doors to doorways of two avenues. II. Close upper circular portion of doorways. IH. Fix double iron doors to openings at ends of both galleries, all door¬ ways remaining their existing width. IV. An iron screen of about three feet in height above the roof of the picture gallery, to be affixed to the outer wall of this gallery so as effectually to screen the framings and openings of the roof. V. Small tanks for water to be placed in convenient spots on the roof of the picture galleries towards the industrial portion. VI. A small space in the open roof of Fine Arts gallery abutting upon grand vestibule to be closed up, and the opposite ends to be similarly screened. All wood-work to be removed for at least three feet from all openings. The three small doorways will also be built up with the consent of the commissioner for the United States. The cost of carrying out this work will fall upon the British Commission. The French on their part undertake to keep up a sufficient fire picquet of sapeurs pompiers in a station in the British section, and to have sentries from this picquet posted within the building to give an alarm and close the iron doors. There will also be small engines and horses always in readiness. The British Executive Commission propose to place some powerful fire engines sent over for exhibition in convenient positions for use, and to organize their subordinates, consisting of Loyal Artillery, Loyal Engineers, sailors and others, as a special fire brigade. Better means of access to the roof have also been asked for. Should a fire occur in any other part of the building the danger to be apprehended to pictures, or to articles in the History of Labour gallery, the Report on fire arrange* ments. Works to performed. 154 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Report on fire ar¬ rangements. Report on artizans 5 visits. Memoran¬ dum by Col, Ewart. before-mentioned measures having been carried out, would be from the roofs catching fire, and glass, portions of woodwork, light ironwork or melted zinc falling; supposing the time not to be sufficient to remove the valuables, apply wet blankets or take other defensive measures. Pictures would also suffer from heat in the neighbourhood, although the gallery itself might not really be on fire. It is not probable that plate, especially of a massive description, would be likely to suffer from the effects of a fire in the roof, but china and valuables of many other descriptions would be damaged or destroyed. Arrangements have been made for insuring against fire the pictures and articles to be exhibited in these two galleries, subject to the proposed alterations being made at the rate of 10 per cent., which is a similar rate to that at which insurance was effected upon valuable articles exhibited in England in 1862. APPENDIX (P.) Reports on Yisits of Artizans. PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION OF 1867. Visits of Artizans, Teachers, &e. 17, Norfolk Square, Hyde Park, London, W., SiRj 7th June 1867. Herewith I beg to forward a report upon the subject of excursions to Pans for artizans and others, which I have compiled in accordance with your request. I also transmit reports, circulars, and papers bearing upon the same subject. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient Servant, C. B. Ewart, Henry Cole, Esq., C.B., Lt.-Col. Roy. Eng. Executive Commissioner, British Commission. Excursion of Artizans, Teachers, &c. to Paris. Memorandum. 7th June 1867. The arrangements in connexion with the above-mentioned subject may be divided under three headings, viz.:— 1. Transit. 2. Accommodation and Provisions. 3. Places to Visit. I. Transit. As regards the first, a committee was organized some months ago, under the presidency of Mr. Layard, M.P., for the purpose of affording facilities for the visits of working men, and an office has been established at 150, Strand. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Colds Report. 15 5 They have made arrangements for weekly trains, commencing from to¬ morrow, the 8th inst., to proceed to Paris, the route adopted being via New- haven and Dieppe. The Committee will avail themselves of Mr. Cook’s excur¬ sion tickets, and each workman going for only a week will be conveyed to and fro for one poun . It is anticipated that the first train will carry about 112 excursionists. Mr. Cook’s twenty-shilling excursion tickets are available for a fortnight, so that, should a man wish to stay for that time, he can do so without extra charge in respect to transit. In order to meet the case of schoolmasters or superior artizans, who may wish to extend their stay to three weeks, the Paris Excursion Committee have notified that they can manage “ to accommodate the schoolmasters and others “ for three weeks, provided they pay 235. instead of 205. for the third-class “ return ticket.” It is therefore evident that, in respect to transit, all the arrangements which are requisite have been made by Mr. Layard’s Paris Excursion Committee, and no further organization is necessary. It is only desirable that it should be generally known that those who wish to send artizans, or workmen or others going at their own expense, should place themselves in communication with the Committee, whose circulars are attached to this report, and whose office is at No. 150, Strand. Report on artizans’ visits. Arrange¬ ments for transit. II. —Accommodation and Provisions. The Paris Excursion Committee, for an additional 105. per week, provide the workmen with lodging. They give the following estimate of other expenses : — 5. d. Registration - - - -10 Seven breakfasts, at 8 d. - - -48 ,, dinners, at 15. - - - 7 0 „ evening meals, at 8c?. - - 4 8 Exhibition ticket for one week - -50 Omnibus fares, sundries, &c. - - 7 8 Making a total expense of Si. Intending excursionists, on application at 150, Strand, have to pay a regis¬ tration fee of Is., for which a guide-book and map are supplied. These guide¬ books contain information as to cheap places of refreshment. Those excursionists who pay 10s. a week will be accommodated in rooms with four beds, but accommodation may be had in rooms with two beds on payment of 13s. a week. The quarters provided by the Committee are opposite the Exhibition, and are therefore very conveniently situated. Mr. Cook has an establishment in the Rue de la Faisanderie, Avenue de l’Imperatrice, where those who wish to be more comfortable, and can afford to pay a higher price, can be accommodated with bed and breakfast for 5 francs per night. Mi. George Baxter, of No. 1, Avenue Eriedland, has stated his readiness to lodge and board from 100 to 150 workmen. The house he has taken is in the Avenue de Lamotte Piquet, near the Exhibition. His charge is 6s. per day each for breakfast and dinner, with bed, towels, soap, blacking, &c .; the breakfast to include tea or coffee, and the dinner wine or beer. It therefore appears that no further arrangements are necessary for providing accommodation for any English workmen, See. who may wish to visit Paris. Cost of living. III. —Places to Yisit. The first object of those who go over as excursionists will necessarily be to see thoroughly the Great Exhibition, the next to visit Paris in a general way; and it is thought that those who may go over for only a week will not be likely to care to do much more, or have time available for the purpose. There will, however, be some among the short-time excursionists who will wish to see special exhibitions, or to visit certain factories, &c. in which they 156 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Report on artizans’ visits. List of insti¬ tutions to visit. Guides to be provided. Number of workmen. may take an interest. Those who stay beyond a week will be able more thoroughly to study the Exhibition, and will wish to see Erench museums, institutions, or manufactories, &c. The Vice-President of Mr. Layard’s Committee has suggested that it would be desirable for a list of industrial establishments (in English), with particulars as to admission, to be hung up in some place accessible to the excursionists ; also that cards of admission to such places should be prepared for issue on the authority of the British Commission. It appears to be desirable that a list such as has been proposed should be compiled by Mons. Housoullier, in brief terms, from the matter contained in his full report (marked B 1 ), and that it should be hung up in the Office for Artizans which it has been considered desirable to establish in the British section. It would be of advantage for this office to be opened immediately, and for Mons. Housoullier to attend there daily during certain hours, which might be specified by a notice on the door. Cards might also be struck off, for English workmen to produce as passports when visiting such places as have been mentioned. These cards could be issued by Mons. Housoullier, or some member of the British Executive, to such excursionists as might apply for them and produce some credentials, such as letters from employers, tickets from Mr. Layard’s Committee, &c. It might be of advantage to employ in connexion with the Artizan Office one or more commissionaires who can speak English and act as guides to parties made up for visiting institutions, factories, or even sections of the Exhibition, such as the machinery group, for instance. A short experience will show what further arrangements or facilities may be requisite, and it would be premature at present to offer more suggestions. Sufficient has clearly been done to enable those who wish to do so to visit Paris and the Exhibition at a reasonable rate, and to ensure that the British workman, on his arrival, will be no homeless stranger left to fight his own way in a great foreign city. C. B. Ewart, Lieut.-Colonel Royal Engineers. Report or M. Hausso ollier. Sir, The new path entered by establishing the British Workman’s Hall, where English artizans found, without charge, a place of repose, the news¬ papers of their country, guides and interpreters, information of every kind, and, lastly, permissions to visit manufacturing establishments, has been attended with such beneficial results that this creation will be imposed as an indispens¬ able accompaniment in all future exhibitions on those governments who care for the moral and intellectual welfare of their subjects. Although the hall was open only four complete months, the number of admissions amounted to nearly 5,000, divided as follows : — June - 300 July - - 884 August - - - 1,702 September - - - - 1,208 October - - 530 4,624 This number, large as it is, would have been considerably greater if the existence of the hall had been more widely known, and if the newspapers had given a more extended publicity to the gratuitous advantages it offered to working men. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Colds Report. 157 The advantages offered to the workmen were—admission to about 200 industrial establishments in Paris (Schedule A.), and to about 50 in the pro¬ vinces ; return tickets at half price granted to the artizans by the railway companies to enable them to visit the provincial manufactures ; and the Western railway also made a reduction of one-half on return tickets during the whole time of the Exhibition in favour of English artizans going to St. Cloud and Versailles. Lastly, for the teachers, permission was obtained to visit the Government and the City of Paris Schools, and also several private educational establish¬ ments. Among these last I will mention the Ecole Centrale d’Architecture, l’Ecole des Freres de Passy, and les Etablissements de St. Nicholas. This last-named establishment, a real technical school, was visited about 30 times and with great interest by the teachers. The visits to manufactures were as follows :— Paris, 1,664 visitors to 446 private establishments. Do., 394 visitors to 77 public establishments. Country, 158 visitors to 155 manufactories. (For the particulars of the places visited, the number of visits and of visitors. see Schedule B., C., and the notes annexed). It appears from these statements that the trades which sent most workmen were the engineers and cabinetmakers ; the high figure shown by Schedule B. for pianomakers was accidental, and resulted from the fact that Messrs. Broad- wood sent all their hands to visit the Exhibition. If we decompose the number 1,664 visitors to the manufactures of Paris it may be reduced to 650 visitors, each workman having on an average gone to two or three of them; the 158 visitors to the provincial manufactories, on exact computation, are reduced to 23 ; and the 394 visitors to the Government establishments may be reduced to 120 for the same reason, which gives a real number of 773. It results from this same Schedule B. that the number of manufactories really visited was only 116 ; some of them were visited several times, the figure is raised to 446 for Paris alone ; in the same manner the 77 Government establishments are reduced to 10 or 15, viz., Sevres workshop, Imperial Tobacco Manufactory, Mint, Imperial Stables, New Reading Room of the Imperial Library, New Louvre, Palais de Justice, Nouvel Opera, Archives de l’Empire, Trinity Church, Serres and Orangeries de la Ville, &c. &c. The note Bl to Schedule B explains why the account of the visits to the Govern¬ ment buildings and manufactories is necessarily incomplete, and likewise the imperfect state of the lists of the provincial manufactures {see MM. Sauvage and Smith’s report annexed to the report of September on the Hall), and also H. Allenet’s reports annexed to this statement. If from 773 the above total of effective visitors, we subtract the few teachers included in that number, the Society of Art delegates, and the foremen and workmen sent direct by their employers, there will remain between 500 and 600, and in my opinion the Layard Paris Excursion Committee supplied 95 per cent, of this number, and I feel bound here, by the way, to call your attention to the services which that Committee rendered to the English Excursionists. As regards the satisfaction of all the excursionists for the accommodation of » all kind you provided for them at the Hall, I beg to refer you to the book of observation of the workmen, which states this better and more forcibly than I could. All the English artizans who came to the Exhibition, at least all of whom I had an opportunity to form an opinion, were very intent on the business in hand, and very anxious to obtain information respecting the economical and material condition of labour in Paris. I may mention among those whom I had the best means of judging, the delegates of the building trades, those from Birmingham, and in general, all the delegates of the Society of Arts. It is very much to be regretted, however, that the stay of these delegates, which was in general only a week, was not longer; they then might have Advantages offered. 158 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Report of Mr. HausS" oullier. Advisibility of annual visits. seen more and better, have obtained more ample information, and have profited in a greater degree by their intercourse with French artizans. I am convinced that the results obtained from the excursions organized by the Society of Arts will demonstrate the advisability of transforming these excursions into annual visits, which will afford the English workmen who are perhaps somewhat isolated, an opportunity of improving their instruction, and of ascertaining the industrial progress of the continent, which of late years has been of sufficient importance to deserve the serious attention of manufacturing England. Such visits are all the more important perhaps as they would doubt¬ less tend to modify the spirit of the English artizans who, from a mistaken feeling of nationality, will not admit, with very rare exceptions, that they call be equalled. I have only a few words to say on the teachers, who, without any exception that came to my knowledge, were intelligent, well informed, and above all, free from every kind of preconceived notions and prejudices, judged with perfect independence of mind the question of public instruction in France. Such is a brief account of what passed at the British Workman’s Hall during the exercise of my functions. So far as regards myself, I can affirm that I laboured with all zeal and devotedness, and however difficult and delicate my task may betimes have been, it was always rendered easy, thanks to your judicious and generous direction. I am, Sir, Yours most respectfully, To H. Cole, Esq. Ch. Haussoullier. Circular Letter addressed to Manufacturers and Heads of Establishments which it was considered desirable to obtain permission for British Artizans to visit. EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE DE PARIS, 1867. Commissariat de la Grande Bretagne, Monsieur, 71 , Avenue des Champs Elysees. Charge par le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste Britannique de faciliter aux ouvriers Anglais qui viennent visiter l’Exposition Universelle, les moyens d’etudier l’industrie de la France, je viens reclamer de votre obligeance de leur permettre de visiter votre etablissement, vous assurant d’ailleurs que le nombre de ces ouvriers ne sera jamais assez considerable pour occasioner le moindre trouble. Agreez, Monsieur, 1’assurance de ma parfaite consideration, Le Commissaire General pour la Grande Bretagne, , Henry Cole, A Monsieur Appendix (P.) to Mr. Colds Report. 159 List of Establishments which British Workmen obtained Permission to visit. (Schedule A.) Engineering: Imperial Tobacco Factory (special machinery). Porcelain : Sevres (the workshops). Joiners’ work Archives de l’Empire (special per¬ mission for visiting the joiners work). Gardening : Hothouses of the city of Paris (permanent permission). Building trades: New Louvre. New Opera. Palais de Justice, Trinity Church. Imperial Library (new reading room, &c.). Hotel de Ville. (Permission for the season). Imperial Stables, Mint, Imperial Print¬ ing Office, &c. Agricultural instruments % Ed. Ganneron & Co. Brass and bronze, industrial and ar- tistical: Bogene & Co. Broquin Laine. Detouches. Barbedienne. Paillard. Baingo. Valdun & Co. Deniere. Begent & Marlin. Prunet. Bachelet. Poussielgue-Busand. Lefevre. Cadet. Builders : Bouyer, Cohadon & Co. Basketwork : Zh. Gauthier. Dujat. Bleaching and washing apparatus : Bouillon, Muller, & Co. Blacksmith (furniture) : Dreux & Co. Boat-builders : Wauthelet. Farcot. Brush-maker: Her vet. Bookbinding : Masson & Dubonnet. Lenegre. Buttons and small wares : Grellou. Bradford articles : Hooper, Carroz, & Tabourier, Chairs : Delage, Embry, & Co. Carriages : General Omnibus Company. Belvalette, freres. H. Binder. Coopers : Loubier & Co. H. Figus. Clocks and watches : Charpart (watch springs). Destouches. Leroy fils. Charpentier-Oudin. Breguet. Cabinet-makers : H. Fourdinois. H. Bacault. Jeanselme, fils, Godin, & Co, A. Bobiliard, Vanloo, & Co. Mazaroz Bibaillier & Co. Gueret freres. P. Sormani. Cormier, aine (veneers). Souverain (id.) Carpenters : Lasnier. Balmet. 160 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Chemicals : Menier. Vve. Cusimberche fils (stearic acid). Leroy & Durand (stearic acid). Coppersmith : J. Huard & Co. Copper tubing : Laveissiere et fils. Coppering (metal) : Lefevre & Co. Chiseller (gold and silver) : Servan. Copperplate printing : Godchaux. Salmon. Goupil. Placet (heliographic engraving). Roudault. Warall, El well, & Poulot. Gandillot. Perin. Elaud. Boildieu. Calla. Breval. Files and rasps: Pottecher. Fancy articles : Sormani. Allessandri. Casella. Bertrand. Fretwork: Gallais. Gas apparatus and water pipes: Lacarriere et fils. Cork-making and machines : Malpas (machines). Drouillet. Dyers: Larsonnier & Chenest. Challamel freres. Laine freres. Earthenware and pottery : Auboin. Muller. Boullenger. Cassedanne. Cou-Enne (fire-clay). Edieve. Engraver: Coblence. Embroideries : Kreichgauer. Najean. Engineers : Orleans Railway. Ouest „ Nord „ Est „ Cail & Co. Gouin & Co. Bourdon. Hermann Lachapelle & G1 Faillot & Co. Berendorf fils. Claparede. Frey. Piat. Bouhey. Gas works: Courcelles’ works. Glass: Monod. Glass (stained): Lusson. Didron. Oudinot. Gilder: Desoize (bronze). Renoz & Co. (wood). Gunmaker : L. Bertrand. Lepage Moutiers. Lefaucheux. Galvanoplasty : Oudry & Co. Hatter : Fr. Jean. Iron foundry: Brosse & Co. Iron repousse work: J. Roy. Baudrit. J oiners: Haret. Guillermet & Co. Petit Jean & Queret. Profit (veneers). Japannery: Gallais. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole’s Report 161 Jewellery: Froment Meurice. Christofle & Co. Clement (engine turning). Hugo. Lithograph: Guillaumin & Co. Lamps: Gagneau. Chatel Jeune. Leatherwork: Gellee freres. Lespiaut. Leather (tanners, &c.) Durand freres. J. Giraud. Courtois. Marcelot. Miller: Darblay Jeune. Mirrors: Loremy & Grisey. Musical instruments: Neudin & Co. Sax. Gavioli (organs). Labbaye. Gauterot. Munitions of war: Godillot. J. Gouery, Can at, & Co. Morocco dresser : Riviere. Marble cutter : Parfonry & Lemaire. Mineral oil and paraffin: Cogniet, Marechal, & Co, Oil cloth: Lecrosnier. Plumber: Monduit & Bechet. Fortin & Hermann. Pianos : Saliiun, Schwab, & Co. Herz. Erard. Pleyel Wolff. P rinter: Dupont & Co. Chaix & Co. Lahure. Porcelain: Mouvoisin. Gille. Prevost (painter). Reiset & Yedrineid. Paper hangings: Desfosse Karth. Hoock freres. J. Riottot & Paeon. Railway material: Chevalier, Cheilus, & Co. Delei trez. Repousse gold and chiselling, &c.: Sollier, fils. Sticks and whips: Francis & Co. Steinberger & Feldmann. Shoemaking: Massez. Dupuis. Touze. Surgical instruments: Mathieu. Spectacles: Delabre & Co. Shawls: Duche. Sculptor (metal): Fanniere. Type founder: A. Rene & Co. 162 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Visit to the Workshops. (Schedules B. and C.) Names. Number of Visits. Number of Visitors. Engineering: Claparide & Co. - - 6 39 Cail & Co. - _ 18 78 Gouin & Co. _ - 11 53 Ouest railway . - 5 28 Orleans „ - - 14 60 Nord „ - - 3 13 Est „ - - 3 15 J. L. Perin - _ 5 22 C. Metzessard, fils aine - _ 1 2 H. Elaud - _ - 1 5 Erev, fils - _ - 1 11 Bouhey - _ - 2 14 A. Lacarriere, pere et fils - - - 2 12 Imperial tobacco manufactory - - 21 86 93 440 Cabinet-makers : H. Fourdinois - - 11 54 H. Racault - . 14 64 Jeanselme, fils, Godin, & Co. - - 11 59 A. Robillard, Vanloo, & Co. _ - 4 18 Mazaroz, Ribaillier, & Co. - - - 11 60 Gueret, freres - - 9 47 P. Sormani - - 1 1 Cormier, aine (veneers) - - 2 3 Souverain „ - - 2 3 65 309 Shoemaking: J. Massez & Co. - _ .. 1 1 J. Touzet - - - 1 1 2 2 Hosiery : L. Tribout - - _ 1 3 1 3 Coach-building: General Omnibus Company - - 13 43 Belvalette, freres - . 4 17 H. Binder - - . 1 6 18 66 Railway carriages: Chevalier, Cheilus, & Co. - - - 2 11 2 11 Porcelain: Gilles, jeune - - 3 6 A. Mouvoisin _ - 1 4 Sevres - . - 27 81 Prevost, p. painter - - 2 2 Reiset & Vedrine, id. - - 3 6 36 99 Marble workers: Parfonry et Lemaire - - 2 2 2 2 Appendix (P) to Mr. Coles Report. 1G3 Names. Number of Visits. Number of Visitors. Dyers: 1 Challamel, freres - - 4 5 Larsonnier, Chenest, & Co. _ _ 3 4 Laine - - - 4 5 ! 11 1 14 Fire-clay: Cou-Enne - - - 1 4 Bookbinding: Masson & Dubonnet _ - 4 8 A. Lenegre - - 1 5 5 13 Stained glass: A. Lusson - _ - 1 1 E. Oudinot - - 1 ■ 1 2 2 Gas works: Courcelles gas works - - 3 7 Paper hangings: Desposses & Karth - - 3 13 Hoock, freres . - 4 17 J. Riottot & Paeon - - 2 10 9 40 Pianos: Salaun & Schawb & Co. - - - 5 46 Pleyel, Wolff, & Co. - - 4 35 P. Erard - - - 3 35 H. Herz - _ . 2 16 Gavioli & Co. (organs) - - 1 1 15 133 Joiners: Haret - - 16 79 Guillermet - - 1 4 N. Petitjean - - 1 18 1 84 Printers : P. Dupont & Co. - - - 10 22 N. Chaix & Co. - - - 3 9 C. Lahure - - _ 7 15 A. Rene & Co. (type founder) - - 2 2 22 48 Tanners : Durand, freres - - 6 10 L. Marcelot - - 1 2 Tanners’ hall - - 1 2 8 14 Surgical instruments: L. Mathieu - - 1 1 Agricultural machinery: Ganneron & Co. - - 1 1 Seitz water: Compagnie Anglaise - - 1 1 ] 64 - Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Names. Number of Visits. Number of Visitors. Concrete: Coigniet & Co. Chemicals: Menier & Co. Flour mill: Darblay, jeune Bronze and imitation, brass ornamental: Barbedienne Destouches Poussielgue Busand Bachelet - Lefevre - Metal repousse work: Monduit et Bechet Baudrit - Roy Brass foundry, artistical and industrial: Bogene & Co. Cadet - Brunet Broquin et Laine - Silversmiths, jewellery: Christofle & Co. Froment Meurice - Hugo - - - Engine turning, chasing, &c.: Sollier - Coblence - Clement - Galvanoplasty: Oudry & Co. Fancy leather: Gellee, freres P. Sormani A. Lespiaut Japannery: Gallais, jeune Cork-making and machinery: Drouillet - Malpas - Copperplate engraving: Salmon - Placet - 14 2 4 2 5 27 11 19 11 38 10 11 3 13 57 2 8 23 11 12 89 67 13 46 13 Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 165 Name. Number of Visits. I Number of Visitors. 1 Cooperage : Loubier _ - - 2 2 Figus - _ _ 2 2 4 — 4 Camp equipage: Godillot - - - 2 10 Hatter: J ean - - - 1 1 Watchmakers and watch tools Breguet - - - 4 6 Destouches - - _ _ 2 3 Leroy - - 2 3 Froger - - - 1 2 Chappart - - - - 1 ! 1 A 2 16 Gunm alters : L. Bernard - - - 4 8 Lepage-Moutiers - - - . 1 3 Lefaucheux - - 1 3 6 14 Carpenters : Balmet - - - 1 7 Lasnier - - - o 10 3 17 Gilders: Desoize (metal) - - - 2 5 Renoz (wood) - - - 2 2 4 7 Lamps : Gagneau - - - 2 8 Chatel - - - 4 9 7 | 17 Copper-working and smithery: Laveissiere et fils - - - - 1 4 Letrange - - . _ 2 2 J. Huard & Co. - - - - 4 18 1 7 j. I 24 Government Buildings, generally relating to the Building Trades. The only exact account I have as regards these, for the number of visits and of visitors, are Sevres and the Imperial Tobacco Factory, having to deliver permissions for these two from my own book, and signed by myself, whilst for the New Opera, the New Louvre, the Palais de Justice, the Archives, the new reading room of the Imperial Library, the Trinity Church, the Hotel de Ville, the Imperial Printing Office, the Mint, Town Hothouses, Mint, &c. &c M I had either permissions available for the season or tickets sent to me, and being often in a great hurry when sending parties out in the morning I had no time to note the permissions delivered. 1 . N 166 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. As regards private institutions, this observation may be applied to the Est Railway workshops, to Barbedienne, who delivered to me a large number of permissions, and also to the Emperor’s stables. The numbers given below are certainly much under what they ought to be. Hotel de Ville - - 4 visits - 102 visitors. New Opera - 8 „ 31 „ New Louvre - 4 „ - 13 „ Palais de Justice " 3 „ - 11 „ Archives - 3 „ - 19 Imperial Library - 2 „ - 9 „ Trinity Church - - 5 „ - 16 „ Mint, 20 tickets delivered (for a party). Imperial Printing Office, 30 tickets delivered (for a party). I remember that one of the parties going to the Hotel de Ville amounted to 60 persons and over. Very often the permissions for visiting the workshops not stating the number of visitors, the interpreter would start with five or less from the hall, and before he was out of the Exhibition he picked as much, and the party would amount to double the number, and even more ; but it betimes happened that he would lose some men before leaving the Exhibition, although this was very seldom the case. The above lists do not include the visits paid to the workshops of Louviers, JRheims, St. Just, Troyes, St. Pierre les Calais, Calais, St. Etienne, Besangon, Montbeliard, and all the watch trade country. The workshops visited amount to 50, and the visitors on an average to three, which would give 150, making the total number of visits over 2,000, and of visitors 678. Even if I had been able to keep the most minute account of the visitors and visits, this account would not have been absolutely correct, as many English delegates visited workshops upon their own authority and were perfectly received everywhere. My computation gives altogether 2,216 visitors to 678 workshops, Paris and provincial, as well as the Government establishments; but from the causes above mentioned this total is under the real number. In some workshops and manufactures the artizans have been remarkably well received; thus the Staffordshire Potteries delegates at M. Mouvoisin, porcelain maker, near Paris; the Nottingham delegates at St. Just en Chaussee by M. Tailbouis himself, and at M. Tribout’s workshop in Paris; the coppersmith delegates by M. J. Huart at Grenelle, where they had lunch, cigars, &c. Ch. H. Visits to the Paris Workshops. 1 Workshops. Trades. . - - Visits. Visitors. 14 Engineers - ! 93 j 440 12 Cabinet-makers and joiners 83 393 4 Coach-building - , 20 77 6 Porcelain and pottery - ! 37 103 3 Dyers ------ 11 14 3 Paper hangings - 9 40 5 Pianos ------ 15 133 4 Printer ------ 22 48 12 Brass and bronze metal, repousse, &c. 44 155 6 Silversmith, engine turning, &c. 23 59 6 Leather and fancy leather 12 20 Appendix (P.) to Mr. Coles Report. 167 Workshops. Trades. Visits. j Visitors. 10 Galvanoplasty ; gilding ; lamps ; cop- perwork ; copper-plate engraving - 23 58 31 Various trades:—Hosiery; marble- work ; bookbinding ; shoemaking ; stained glass; surgical instru¬ ments ; gas works ; chemicals; flour-mill; agricultural machinery ; Seitz water ; japannery ; corks ; coopers; camp equipage ; hatter ; carpenter ; gunmaker ; and watch¬ maker ------ 54 124 List of Reports prepared by artizans from London, Sheffield, Coventry, Bradford, Newcastle* under-Lyne., &c. who visited the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. Subject reported on. Name of Reporter. Cabinet-making ' Charles Alfred Hooper. Ceramic decoration • - Aaron Green. Saws and tools - William Bramhall. Cutlery - - John Wilson. Chair-making - Benjamin Lucraft. Glass-painting - Francis Kirchoff. Wood carving - James Mackie. 99 99 - R. Baker. Cabinet-work - Thomas Jacob. Wood-cutting machinery - William Walker. 99 99 99 - Thomas J. Wilkie. The ribbon trade - L. S. Booth. Ribbon weaving Lace » Hosiery - Pottery - Tiles and pavements - Terra cotta - Pottery and porcelain, with notes on iron manufacture Bricklaying - 99 Plasterers’ work Carpenters’ and joiners’ work Joiners’ work Masonry, &c. 99 Coach-making Ship-building Mining and metallurgy Silver-work - » Silver-chasing -} Joseph Gutteridge. /Edward Smith, Joseph Bird, and | George Dexter. George Kendall and George Caunt. William Beardmore. Samuel Cooper. Michael Angelo Pulham. John Randall. George Howell. John Jeffery. C. Bartlett. T. W. Hughes and John D. Prior. Alexander Kay. / George Broughton Porbes and John \ McEwen. Thomas Connolly. Thomas Magrath. E. F. Mondy. Francis Oats. P. A. Rasmussen. George Page. R. E. Barrett. N 2 168 Reports on the Paris Exhibition , Subject reported on. Name of Reporter. Hammered iron - William Letheren. Ornamental wrought-iron work T. Winstanley. Ivory carving * Joseph Bentley. Engraving - G. Berry. Die-sinking especially adapted to \ William Elliott. silversmiths and other metal trades J Watch-making - John Gregory and James Stringer. The horological department - Hermann F. Jung. State of the watch trade George Cook. Tailors’ work - R. Sinclair. Book-binding - Louis Genth. Leather work - Walter Blunt. The manufacture of caoutchouc William Bourne. Figured shawls - Samuel Boast and John Appleton. Machinery for worsted fabrics John French. Worsted yarns and textile fabrics George Spencer. Worsted and mixed textile fabrics Daniel Illingworth. French horticulture - George Stanton. Mechanical engineering John Evans. 99 99 William Learmouth. The condition and habits of the - ] French working classes.—(Special l Robert Coningsby. Report.) - - - -J » » Richard Whiteing. List of Repoets by artizans from Birmingham. Introductory report - Mr. W. C. Aitken. Gas fittings and chandeliers - James Taylor. Plumbers’ brass foundry Thomas Bayley. Cabinet brass foundry, &c. - William Gourman. General brass foundry Henry Dry. Church bells - - - - James Ansell. Tubes in all metals - John Fisher. Saddlery, &c. - John Clay. Leather, harness, saddlery, whips, \ portmanteaus, &c. - - J Frederick Thompson. Jewellery, with diamonds and precious 1 stones - - - * J W. G. Deeley. Jewellery and gilt toys James Plampin. Buttons - Thomas Johnson. V " S. W. Richards. 9 9 William Bridges. Steel pens - J. L. Petit. Small arms, &c. - Charles Hibbs. Papier-mache - David Sarjeant, Japanning in general Thomas Archer. Needles and fish-hooks William Guise. Sheet and plate glass Richard Pearsall. Table and fancy glass Thomas C. Barnes. 99 99 W. T. Swene 99 . 95 T. J. Wilkinson. Die sinking - Charles Wm. Moore. Electro-plate - - - - Henry J. Fellows. Tin-plate working - Edwin Poole. Labour-saving machines Henry Fowler. Railway carriage and waggon building Benjamin Whitehouse. Designs - - - Frank J. Jackson. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 169 Translation. Report of an Excursion to Troyes, by Charles Allenet, Guide- Interpreter. Palais de l’Exposition, Paris, 25th September 1867. Left Paris at 20 minutes past 11 by the Chernin de Fer de I'Est on Saturday Excursion morning, the 21st September, in company-with Messrs. Caunt, Kendall, and to Troyes. Saxton (hosiers) ; arrived at Troyes at 25 minutes past 4. These gentlemen met an English working hosier, who received them at his house, and they were made acquainted by him with the state of affairs. We visited in the evening several looms, both circular and rectilinear, from which they received very valuable information. On Sunday morning we visited some looms, the workmen working generally until noon on that day. On Monday, the 23rd, visit to the warehouses and factory of Messrs. Poron, Brothers, hosiers and manufacturers of stocking looms (on the Paget system). I am unable to thank these gentlemen too much for their obligingness and amenity. Met Mr. Hill, of Nottingham, agent for Mr. Moses Mellor. Messrs. Poron allowed us to visit for a second time their establishment, which may serve as a model factory in regard to arrangement, healthiness, cleanliness, and order. Visited in the afternoon the factory of Mr. Bertholet; very well received by him, his wife being an Englishwoman. Visited the factories of Mr. Contour, of Mr. Buckstaff, and of some workmen working on their own account; from the latter much information was obtained. In order to get the fullest par¬ ticulars with respect to the general manufacture of hosiery, Mr. Saxton visited with me the village of Romilly on Tuesday the 24th, and saw the factories of Madame Dupont and those of Messrs. Mathias. While at Troyes Messrs. Hill, Kendall, and Caunt, accompanied by the son of Mr. Gent (a workman at Mr. Bertholet’s), who acted as guide to them, visited some other very important establishments. Returned from Romilly at 5 o’clock in the evening ; supped together at the house of Felix Ravinet, a small hotel in the Rue du Cheval Blanc, very well managed and not dear. Left the same evening for Paris at 25 minutes past 10. Travelling at half fares, the journey there and back amounted to lOf. 30c. each, or 41 francs 20 centimes the four. Arrived at Paris at 20 minutes past 3. These gentlemen were very well satisfied with their trip, and expressed to me their thanks, which however revert by right to the worthy Association of British workmen, and to the commission of which Mr. Haussoullier is the honourable secretary. I remain always at your orders, Your faithful servant, Chas. Allenet, Guide-Interpreter. Messrs. Caunt and Kendall, accompanied by Mr. Hill, arriving to thank Mr. Haussoullier in person, asked, as a final favour of him, that he would be good enough to allow me to accompany them to the Exposition in order that they might obtain information with respect to the looms in operation there at that time. This request being granted I accompanied them from mid-day till half¬ past four. The inquiries they made were satisfactorily answered, and their information respecting their work most complete. Ch. Allenet. 170 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Excursion to Rheims. Excursion to Roubaix. Report of an Excursion to Rheims, by Charles Allenet, Guide- Interpreter. Paris Exhibition, Saturday, 28th September 1867. Left Paris on Thursday, at 10 minutes past 7, by the Chemin de Fer de VEst , accompanied by Messrs. Erench, Illingworth, and Spencer (merino weavers), with a letter of introduction for Messrs. Dauphinot, Brothers. Arrived at Rheims at half-past 12, visited the establishment of Messrs. Dauphinot, and were very well received by Messrs. Martin, Brothers (agents). These gentlemen, moreover, gave me two letters of introduction to Messrs. Villeminot et Fassin; visited the Deputy Mayor, from whom I received a letter for Mr. Warmer (President de la Societe Industrie!le), who enabled me to visit the factories of Mr. Bonjean, and gave the above-named gentlemen a great deal of information. On Friday visited the establishment of Mr. Villeminot, which is the largest and the most complete at Rheims ; very well received at that place. Visited Mr. Holden (a comber), an Englishman, who was much pleased to see his fellow townsmen. Visited Mr. Fassin ; well received, and at length conducted to the factory of Mr. Bonjean. Left Rheims at 10 minutes past 3, and arrived at Paris at 25 minutes before midnight. I thanked, in the name of the British Commission, Messrs. Warnier, Martin, Brothers, Fassin, Villeminot, and Bonjean for the very friendly feeling they had shown towards us; they put themselves to inconvenience for us, evincing at the time signs of very great pleasure. Messrs. Phelipot and the Deputy Mayor had also a share of my thanks for their obligingness and affability; these gentlemen were generally proud and happy to receive their confreres from across the Channel, and I believe felt a pleasure in rendering themselves agreeable to the others, and to the society connected with the British Commission, as well as to Mr. Haussoullier. Ch. Allenet, Guide-Interpreter. Copy. Report of an Excursion to Roubaix by Charles Allenet. Thursday, 3rd October 1867. On Sunday, at 40 minutes past 1 o’clock p.m. I started from the Nord station with the Bradford delegates, Messrs. Spencer, Illingworth, and French, for Roubaix. I had a letter for the Mayor, for Mr. Dufrenne, President of the Society of Arts and Manufactures, and for Messrs. Delattre (father and son). We arrived at Roubaix at 10 o’clock at night. After finding suitable lodg¬ ings we proceeded to lay out our plan for the next day’s work. We rose at six, and after a hasty meal we went to Mr. Delattre. Our letter opened us a part only of the establishment— the weaving department was not to he visited; and another letter would surely meet with a refusal there , according to the owner’s saying. We next visited the Mayor, who told us he was very sorry indeed , hut he could not do anything for us, the Roubaix manufacturers being against this way of letting people visit their working rooms. We next visited Mr. Paul Dufrenne, who told us pretty nearly the same thing, and added that even amongst weavers they did not allow it j he is the President of the Chamber of Arts and Manufactures. We visited next Mr. Ghesquiere-Grymonprez, who received us well; it is a small establishment, their specialty being combing and spinning. We were Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 171 not allowed to visit the place of Mr. Vernier Delaoutre, where we had been presented by the obliging kindness of Mr. George Haigh. Mr. Wibaut Florin gave us leave to go to Lille and visit his own. In the afternoon we visited Mr. Leclerq-Dupire, who received us civilly, and allowed us to visit his establishment, and gave us a few letters for spinners at Turcoing, but no weavers , where he said he could not get us admitted. The next day we visited Messrs. Tiberghein, who did not allow us ; Messrs. Christorie and Felix Hubert, who allowed us sparingly ; and at 2 o’clock I got my delegates shipped for Cateau, where they needed me no more ; and I returned to Paris by the 8T0 train next morning, where I arrived at 1 o’clock p.m. Ch. Allenet, Interpreter. ( Translation .) Account of a Day at Rheims by Charles Allenet, Guide Interpreter. Palais de l’Exposition, 11th October 1867. The English delegates of the house of Sutcliffe & Co. of Bradford, whom I had accompanied on Tuesday the 8th instant at the Exposition, being desirous of visiting Rheims, Mr. Haussoullier sent me there with them. Encouraged by the favourable reception which had been accorded to me there, I did not doubt but that on this occasion the welcome would be the same; these gentlemen, however, only wishing to remain one day were unable to profit by the per¬ mission which was granted to me by Mr. Martin to visit the manufactory of Messrs. Dauphinot, Brothers. We had only time to see that of Messrs. Villeminot, Rogelet, & Co., which is the largest at Rheims, for it employs 800 persons of both sexes ; and in it are carried on sorting, washing, weaving, and in short all the operations which the wool has to undergo before becoming a fabric. Their engines (they have two) are one of 175 horse-power and the other of 80 horse-power. They have eight automaton looms of 900 spindles each, and about 40 looms of 300 spindles. A park set apart for the workmen and workwomen is open on Sundays only. It is, in short, the most complete establishment at Rheims. I have to thank Messrs. Wenz, Martin, Varnier, and Gosset for their complaisance. Messrs. Holden were delighted to see their compatriots, but they would not have their machinery visited ; these gentlemen, who received us so kindly, have the largest establishment for combing. They make their own gas and employ 600 workpeople ; they trade in raw wools and re-sell them combed. The delegates that I accompanied expressed to me their regret at not being able to remain longer, but their time had expired and they were obliged to leave the same evening for Paris, where we arrived at mid¬ night on Wednesday, the 10th. Upon the whole these gentlemen appeared very satisfied with their journey, and expressed their thanks to Mr. Haus¬ soullier and myself for the attention and the conduct I had afforded to them. On Thursday I conducted all these gentlemen and some of their friends to the principal buildings in Paris, and the Bois de Boulogne ; they visited also some museums. To conclude, they are sincere in the thanks they offer to the British Commission. Excursion to Roubaix. Excursion to Rheims. Ch. Allenet, Guide Interpreter. 172 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Differences between English and French workmen. English workmen cannot work from draw¬ ings. French workman has oppor¬ tunity of of seeing better models. Intercourse between master and workman more friend¬ ly in France. French workman not so pre* judiced. Letter from F. Fouche to Mons. Haussoullier. 16 Rue Neuve des Petits Champs, Dear Sir, Paris, November 27th, 1867. You have desired to see me adding something to the daily reports made by me after my visits in the workshops of Paris with the English delegates, to point you out the difference, if I fiud any, between them and the French workmen. I will tell here what would induce me, if I were a master, to prefer employing the last ones, but that which follows is to be taken for both in a general sense. I have had opportunities to see Englishmen at work in London, and think that in many respects there is more to be expected from Frenchmen than from Englishmen. If the latter have to work from a model or to make something they have been long since accustomed to do, it will be made by them as well as by any Frenchmen, but Englishmen will spend more time in finishing. I suppose operatives having anything to make and abandoned to their own resources, I think that the French shall get out of it sooner than the English ; we compel our workmen, of whom the education is more technical, to rely many times upon themselves ; if they have to work from plans or drawings very often they could have executed them, and consequently shall understand well the carrying on of their work, and perform it quicker, if not better, than the Englishmen, who knowing seldom how to draw, I heard it repeated very often with sorrow by those whom I accompanied in the shops, want oftener the orders of their formen to commence or continue something, and while they wait for them lose more time than the Frenchmen. If I were to get some things made in which art and industry should be combined, a Frenchman could be employed with more advantage if he has been born in large cities ; since his childhood he has constantly seen therein good artistic models, either in schools, museums, monuments, or in rich peoples’ galleries of works of art (admittance in the last is willingly granted) ; he meets sometimes good models in the very streets ; he stores almost uncon¬ sciously his head and mind with them, his taste is formed as if by nature; many people would be inclined to say that, on account of the numerous facilities afforded to him to make his education in this kind the Frenchman has no merit in working artistic things as he does sometimes. I must acknowledge that the Frenchman has many more opportunities to practice in artistic objects than the Englishman ; high classes in England procure in this kind of things a pretty good employment to the operatives, but the middle classes, though rich, do not follow the example of high ones, and are cause that their countrymen cannot improve much in art, because they afford them no occasions to practice ; everybody knows that “ fit fabricando faber ” (practice makes perfect). In France high and middle classes give our men more frequent opportunities to put this proverb in action. I said in the beginning that the Frenchman generally works quicker than the Englishman, this difference may arise from several causes ; the first as was remarked very often and with pleasure by English visitors is, that the inter¬ course and feelings between employers and operatives are much more friendly in France than in England. The French employer when not spoiled is a mere protector or friend for his men, sometimes he has been his mate in shops ; he acts very seldom like a master, and the consequence of what I have just said is, that a workmen when his employer is a good one enters not unfrequently in a friendly discussion with him or the foreman about the best or quicker way of carrying his work on to the greatest profit of the “ governor.” This could not likely be admitted in England for fear of impairing the principle of authority, but in France the advices or suggestions t»f operatives are almost always listened to, and very often, for workmen, masters, and Mr. Public, advantages are derived from them. According to my belief the second cause may be, that the Frenchman is wholly devoid of prejudices against men or things; his natural good disposition induces him to welcome the first, whichever country they come from, and Appendix (P.) to Mr. Coles Report. 173 should he not gain anything in doing it, he admits with no great difficulty that other people can work better than him, and as he generally puts his character in his work, he will use willingly such processes or tools, though brought by foreigners, that will enable him to work better or quicker ; if he should happen to improve tools or invent new ones he would lend them to his shopmates, and not spare advices or counsels for the first using of them ; in general he does not retain for him anything which could become useful to others ; we can say with confidence that our workshops are professional schools continually kept open by workmen teaching each other. A third cause of this quickness at work (I would prefer not to mention it) may be attributed to the exigencies of some employers, who contracting, at any rate, to gratify the too numerous lovers of cheapness so prevalent in France now, compel their men, defenceless against their unreasonableness, to produce much work, caring not when it is paid if it is well executed or not. To resume, if I wanted to have something done well I should take for it the Englishman, but would I wish to have the same done best in the same lapse of time and for the same sum of money I would choose the Frenchman. Likely in all that I have said I seem to be partial and exaggerating ; I do believe to have spoken true in spite of our reputation of being so polite, that truth is never to be expected from a Frenchman. You wish to know my opinion about the trades unions and also the unionists with whom I had intercourse in the Exhibition. Among these I recollect the names were Messrs. Applegarth, Howell, Prior, Conolly, &c., they seemed to be very honest, animated with the best intentions, regarding the employers, and wishing them well, in the same time they wished their own welfare; unfortunately said they, many of our employers are blind enough not to see that in defending our interests we defend theirs. Many among these delegates, I noticed it with pleasure, would refuse to work for a patron of their master, it is a very great proof of honesty, very few Frenchmen would offer a refusal to such a proposal. As to trade unions, the English Government in allowing them to be esta¬ blished has showed his good sense, and the working men in instituting them have made an act of foresight, with which they are better endowed than French operatives. The English workmen desire, first, when they are at work, and as long as they are fit for it, to raise wages sufficient to procure for themselves and their family a decent and honest living; secondly, to make such savings enabling them to face accidents they are liable to, and not to run into debts during their usual being out of work ; at last to make small investments to live their old age without being compelled of resorting to public charity, on the hands of which they are almost always thrown off by their employers, who set them aside as worn out tools entirely unfit for service, the wear and tear of which they charge on the whole community, instead of paying themselves for these I I old living yet tools that have very often procured a quickly made up fortune to them. The English unionists are reproached to impose their employers, conditions implying restraint of trades in prohibiting piecework, and trying to limitate the number of prentices, they wish only to restrain licentiousness of trade, and my opinion is that in both pretensions they are right. Well ruled piecework (it is always so in beginning) is a good thing in itself; but very soon after the employer, and especially, if there is between him and his men this walking evil, this curse, whom we name in France le Marchandeur, in England, the Improver , the employer, do I say, wishes always to increase his profits in lessening the prices paid to working people, who perceiving that piecework does not produce any more the amount necessary for providing their wants, do very well, seeing what takes place in that respect in France, to stick again to day work and maintain it. The employer who engages a number of apprentices out of proportion with his men, cannot, I think, be left free to procure himself regular servants, f labourers only, or little living machines making continually the same work to Differences between English and French workmen. 174 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Differences between English an* French workmen. Advantages of trade unions. Bad effects of piece¬ work. Desirability of trade unions in France. their time and money paid for their seeming prenticeship, he must not be left free, I repeat, of throwing away these poor lads on the hands of their parents, who after the sacrifices made by them hoped their sons could suffice them¬ selves, and would not have turned beings quite unable (not by their fault) to get their livelihood, very fortunate are they if an employer honest enough not rob them of their time and money in a second prenticeship will teach them seriously their intended trade. I believe that co-operative societies and trade unions organized as they seem to be shall help the English operatives to reach the end pointed out above, for them they are insurance offices against sickness and misery, securing regular and sufficient earnings to their insured members, who in paying every week a trifling sum raise a fund in which they find the means of being nursed when sick, helped when out of work, superannuated when old age, or what is the same, premature disability for working comes. All this good obtained without trouble or violence is their own work, and at the idea of not being any more compelled to resort to public charity they become proud of them¬ selves, dignified in their mind, better, I am sure, more quiet and manageable. The possible result of the establishment of a general union, including all operatives in the kingdom, might be a suppression of poor rates, or at least a lighter pressure of them on the whole community. It may happen that bad employers seeing the source of their ill-got profits threatened of destruction by the good working of unions would suggest to undermine them, that in the future manual labour shall be necessarily paid dearer; suppose it be so, were it not more pleasing to see the few shillings expended in this advance of wages, pocketed by a noble young and brave operative, allowing him to continue his whole life long a man, than to see him later for a paltry economy’s sake obliged of craving poor rates payers to have the same dropped in his old hands, enfeebled more by undergone distress than by old age. I hope that Sheffield outrages shall never be perpetrated any more, it is to be regretted that people who ordered them have not used persuasion only to cause their intelligent co-members to keep their accounts clear with the unions and obey their laws instead of using such outrageous means, which may be termed deadly weapons thrust in the core of trade unions by enemies having their interest in the destruction of these useful associations, enabling operatives to lie not any longer at the mercy of these people who wish to have them continually in their dependence. For my part, I wish our government, better told, would authorize here, such well regulated unions, they would prevent many revolutions and riots, by allowing our operatives, working no more than their strength permits, to live and rear their family without running into debt, and to have a bit of bread secured for their old age. This desire could be easily realized, were it not but for this here sadly current system of piece working, under favour of which has arisen an unrestrained and excessive competition, extolled and represented as beneficial to everybody by greedy contractors or manufacturers who, instead of spending, as our fathers formerly did, thirty years in raising a decent fortune, try to have a large one made in five or six years, sometimes they succeed in their designs, in promising the government or their customers to make or give them for a shilling the work or supply which would be worth double or more, such an abatement, can be but detrimental to the scantily paid workman, who is to toil hard and badly, and to the worked thing itself, which apparently good, wants repairing very soon, or does not last as long as if made by an honest contractor or manufacturer. The contractors deserving to be ranked among the good ones are compelled sometimes, when business is dull for them, to imitate the greedy and hard hearted folks I have just mentioned, in con¬ tracting at low rates, and consequently making their men temporarily miserable, until they happen to meet patrons aware of what is necessary to an employer and his operatives for living decently on, who not being allured by an offered deceitful cheapness, and wishing to have their money’s worth work pay reasonably. Had we trade unions in France, the greedy contractors we have to complain of, would be recalled by them to honesty and patience. The lowering of wages and prices which has taken place in France, produces a very bad effect on the morals of our working people, those among them who do Appendix (P.) to Mr. Colds Report. 175 not find any pecuniary resources at their parents’, after having seen that, in spite of all their efforts they cannot save anything, take to bad habits, low and vulgar enjoyments, and at last become downright rascals. Those who, more fortunate, have inherited some money, try with it to turn masters, during some time they increase the too great number of the contractors, whom I call poor ones, and after having lost what they had, and had not, make a failure or bankruptcy, and must retake, ruined and wretched, to the shops, from which they would never have gone out if they had been sure to earn therein a sufficient livelihood, that could have been secured to them by trade unions. In the first part of my letter, you have seen that 1 reproached the English operatives to be slow working, perhaps it is natural in them, or it is one more instance of their foresight, aware as they are of what is done in France, do they wish to avoid of being fatigued and pitilessly over worked, as are our French day working men, of whom, when under the sway of a bad employer or marchandeur, is exacted a sum of work exceeding by much the paltry wages, which, because they are too numerous and unprotected, they are compelled to accept, in order to keep their soul and body together. Their great fatigue prevents them very often to avail themselves of the facilities afforded to them by the government, to complete their education when grown up men. Govern¬ ment and private people institute public evening courses and lectures, without caring if operatives would not prefer finding a necessary rest in their beds, rather than attending them, whatever useful they may be for them. \Y ith trade unions they could learn what would please them. The picture, perhaps not wanted by you, I have just drawn of the present condition of a great many of our operatives is sad enough, but true, it is the fruit of experience acquired by me in my trade and also in the Council of Prud’hommes, in which during fourteen years, I was well situated to see the wretched lot of our Parisian working people ; the English are aware, and do not wish to partake of it, they are fortunate enough to be ruled by a govern¬ ment that has not prevented them to establish in England what I long for us, and will never in the future listen to the selfish advices of people anxious for keeping everlastingly the working men in dependence and misery ; the English rulers will recollect that misery is the worst counsellor of all, after having crushed the man whom it has been possessed of, it nullifies all faculties God might have imparted to him. To resume this second part, I believe, that in every country and for every trade, it would be possible to fix a minimum of wages proportioned to the amount of time and money spent in getting the indentures of it, and to what is to be spent in practising it, this being done, should remove most part of all, if not all grievances, complaints and differences between employers and work¬ men. Tranquillity would be restored everywhere, we should not be any longer apprehensive of revolutions or riots, very often caused by misery or dissatisfaction of working classes, work should be always satisfactorily well executed, place would be nevertheless left to emulation, every operative would endeavour to gain the maximum wages fixed also in the aforesaid agreement. This sort of day wages tariff might be raised at determined times. I do not know if this letter may be of any utility, you can use it as you like, happy should I be, if it might do the least good. I remain, &c., F. Fouche. P.S.—Perhaps, fortunately for you, you do not know what is a marchandeur , he is a parasite, whom licentiousness allows to exist with us, he takes by job lots of work at a very low rate, engages men to have it done, but pays them so scantily, to the great profit of the employer and his, that these poor devils very often get not the necessaries for life. Differences between English and French workmen. 176 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Prices adopted work. for Tarif adopte par les Patrons et Ouyriers. Landau sans baie devant Landarules Berline de ville „ k coffre Coup6 de ville - „ Dorsay Coupe avec accessoires Caliche simple, avec cerceaux Cabriolet avec ailes et rainures, sans portes, avec cerceaux Tilbury a panneaux, rotonde ronde, avec cerceaux Tilbury a panneaux, rotonde ronde, sans cerceaux Tilbury ft tel^graphe, avec coffre postiche, sans cerceaux Phaeton banquette ronde a pan¬ neaux droits dessus et dessous double partout, avec chassis der- ri6re et cerceaux .... Breack omnibus a porte derriere, cotes unis galerie ft panneaux ou ft jour, avec saillie et passage de roues. Breack droit avec chassis de siege, sans aucune porte - Marquise simple, avec cerceaux ronds ou carr^s .... Omnibus h coffre breack ou a co- quille, deux glaces de chaque c6t6, une ou deux glaces devant Omnibus ft coffre breack ou h co- quille, trois glaces de chaque c6te, un ou deux glaces devant, trois glaces derriere, tous les chassis descendant ... Poney chaise caisse carrde ft pan¬ neaux ou ft jour, avec chassis de si6ge et cerceaux - Breack omnibus ft banquettes rondes ft balustres, coffre breack - Dog cart uni a porte derriere, chassis it coulisses - Panier simple avec un seul chassis, crosses devant et derriere - Panier vis a vis, h deux chassis, crosses devant et derriere - Panier fond de cabriolet, avec par- close . Avance ronde ft sabot avec ses trois chassis. Avance ronde sans sabot avec ses trois chassis. Avance ronde sans sabot avec deux chassis descendant ... Avance creuse avec ses trois chassis droits. Avance circulaire avec ses chas¬ sis . Avance circulaire avec ses chas¬ sis descendant - Avance droite avec trois chassis dont un descendant ... Pr^sidence d’un breack omnibus - „ d’un coup6 avec un ou deux chassis Visiere de pavilion .... Baie ordinaire sanspilastres^ „ „ avec „ | Baie ronde sans „ „ „ avec „ „ de separation de char- ft-bancs - Deux petites bales carrees, sans coulants dans les custodes chassis - IE. fr. c. - 125 0 - 130 0 - 135 0 - 130 0 - 130 0 - 125 0 ■ 115 0 ■ 80 0 ■ 57 0 ■ 55 0 • 49 0 • 48 0 ■ 70 0 ■ 110 0 85 0 75 0 190 0 210 0 85 0 110 0 45 0 35 0 40 0 20 0 40 0 35 0 43 0 25 0 25 0 30 0 25 0 8 0 28 0 6 0 12 0 14 0 14 0 | 16 0 l 10 0 12 0 fr. c. 14 0 Deux petites baies carrees, avec coulants dans les custodes, avec chassis. Deux petites baies ovales sans Mtis ou demi-rondes 4 Mtis, sans cou¬ lants dans les custodes, avec chassis.15 0 Les m&mes, coulants en plus - - 17 0 Deux grandes baies demi-rondes dans les custodes, avec coulants et chassis -.35 0 Deux grandes baies demi-rondes dans les custodes, avec coulants en moins.25 0 Deux grandes baies ovales, a batis dans les custodes, avec coulants et chassis droits - - - - 40 0 Deux grandes baies ovales, it batis dans les custodes, avec coulants en moins - - - - - 30 0 Baie de devant d’un landau sans remplissage.10 0 Baie dans un dossier avec coulants et chassis.13 0 Baie dans un dossier sans coulants avec chassis.10 0 Deux baies rondes dans les portes d’une berline - - - - 15 0 Deux grandes baies carries ou demi- rondes dans les custodes de de¬ vant d’un landau clarence, avec chassis descendant dans les portes.35 0 Deux grandes baies carries ou demi- rondes dans les custodes de de¬ vant d’un landau clarence, avec deux chassis descendant dans les cotes.45 0 Gros brancarde 616gis delandaux, berlines ou caliches portes de¬ scendant dans les joues-de-fond - 20 0 Gros brancarde 61egis de landaux, berlines ou caleches portes de¬ scendant dans les joues-de-fond (en trois pieces) - - - - 25 Brancards ordinairesen trois pieces, compris la porte descendant dans les brancards seulement - - 10 0 Portes descendant a travers les brancards.5 0 Brancards ronds d’un coup6 chaise 3 0 Relevees des bancards - - - 12 0 Col de cygne ordinaire - - - 3 0 „ de derriere - - - 6 0 Deux cols de cygne - - - - 9 0 Coffre breack - - - - - 28 0 „ „ carre devant ou derriere une caisse avec porte et gorge - - - 26 0 „ k coquille avec moulure - - 26 0 „ „ sans moulure - - 24 0 „ de siege, derriere une caisse - 20 0 „ d’avant train avec porte - 18 0 „ de derriere avec coquille et chassis.15 „ de parclose it demeure dans un cabriolet ft jour - - 4 0 „ de parclose h mobile dans un cabriolet ft jour - - 5 0 „ rond derriere sur la hau¬ teur -..- - 3 0 „ mobile dans la parclose d’un boguey.10 0 „ fixe dans la parclose d’un boguey.8 0 „ tonneau, avec chassis ft mou- lures.5 0 „ tonneau, avec chassis ft pan¬ neaux .65 0 Appendix (P.) to Mr. Colds Report. 177 fr. c. Deux coffres de mail coach, dont une porte un coffre de derribre - - 85 0 Rallongement d’un coffre de tilbury 10 0 Creux de coffre.5 0 Entailles dans les brancards de coffre pour remplacer le creux - - - 3 0 Dbveloppements d’un coffre de sibge 6 0 Gondolage d’un coffre dont les cotes s’ajustent sur un pied en S. ou enC..80 Gauche d’un coffre de char it bancs - 5 0 Deux assemblages a trait de jupiter ordinaires - 3 0 ,, „ a trait de jupiter coudbs ou en devers - - 4 0 „ „ it plat de bran¬ cards - - 2 0 „ „ de brancards de coffre - - 1 0 „ „ coudbs de bran¬ cards de coffre- 2 0 Deux assemblages de pieds d’entrbe de derriere d’un coupe chaise porte droite.4 0 Deux assemblages k charniere, de pavilion de landau - - - - 2 0 Deux assemblages 4 chapeau et d’onglet d’une frise de devant de caieche.20 Tabatibre devant une caieche - -40 Tabatiere k boudins ou it baguettes sur les cotes.5 0 Tabatiere k boudins ou it baguettes tout autour.6 0 Trois tabatieres sur la ceinture d’une caieche.18 0 Une porte de coffre droite ou cintree 3 0 Une porte dans la gorge d’un cabrio¬ let .70 Une porte ordinaire d’un cabriolet avec barres.12 0 Une porte gondolee d’un cabriolet avec barres.15 0 Une porte devant un coffre breack - 3 0 Une porte mise sur le c6tb d’un coffre breack.3 0 Une porte avec moulures autour sur le cotb d’un coffre breack - - 4 0 Une porte unie de derriere de breack, compris les pieds d’entrbe - - 8 0 Une porte unie de derriere de breack, avec une traverse au milieu for¬ mant deux jours - - - -60 Deux portes demi-rondes - - - 3 0 Deux portes rondes - - - - 5 0 Deux portes en lyre - - - - 8 0 Deux portes sur les cotes d’un breack ou d’un phaeton, a coins carrbs ou ronds.60 Deux portes k double entaille d’un landau.50 Gauche des portes d’un phabton, breack ou ambricaine - - - 3 0 Coulants dans les portes d’une calb- che, doublures comprises - - 5 0 Doublure des portes d’une calbche - 3 0 Descente de coffre droit - - - 3 0 Descente clb coffre creux - - - 4 0 fr. Passage de roues ordinaire - - 3 Passage de roues circulaire - - 6 Passage de roues rond dans un phab- ton.3 Passage de roues carre dans un phae¬ ton ou un breack - - - - 5 Passage de roues dans un brancard de coffre moulure et assemblage compris.5 Demi-passage de roues dans un phaeton ----- - 2 Pilastrede portes d’un coupb - - 3 Pilastre de coffre d’un coupb «• - 3 Pilastre de caisse ayant un coffre - 3 Pilastre d’un pied en S. ou en C. - 5 Pilastre blbgi dans le haut du devant d’un berline it custodes pleins - 3 Deux montants d’avance ronde k trois glaces 4 double moulure - 3 Gros pieds corniers de devant d’une berline formant pilastres - - 3 Deux pieds en S. ou en O. derriere, au devant d’une caisse k coffre - 6 Deux pieds en S. ou en C. derribre, au devant d’une caisse sans coffre • 9 Deux pieds en S. ou en C. avec pilas¬ tres, suivant la gorge d’un coffre d’un omnibus - - - - - 30 Deux pieds de devant, blbgis d’un trois quarts, avec deux moulures dans Tangle des pilastres, l’elegi jusqu’au bas des pieds - - - 3 Deux pieds de tilbury blbgis entibre- ment - - - - 3 Deux pieds d’entrbe, arrondis et gorge dans les battants de portes pour le developpement des pivots 3 Deux pieds d’entrbe, ooudbs cintres d’un landau.2 Deux pieds d’entrbe, d’angle d’un omnibus dbgaybs interieurement, et portant coulants sur deux faces 2 Deux ailes en rainures de calbche, cabriolet, ou vis-it-vis - - - 10 Deux ailes en rainures avec panneaux en rainures devant un tilbury - 8 c. Prices 0 adopted for 0 work. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Moulures rapportbes formant frise sur les cotbs d’une caisse - - 5 0 Moulures rapportbes pour d’ecouper le brisement d’une caisse - - 6 0 Moulures rapportbes pour d’ecouper le brisement d’un cabriolet - - 2 0 Moulures elbgies d’un brancard de coffre de coupb - - - - 1 0 Moulures blegies d’un brancard de coffre de coupe trois quarts - - 2 0 Moulures rapportbes sur les cotbs d’une caisse formant les vis-it-vis - 10 0 Moulures it baguettes, corps arrondis devant et derribre une caisse - 5 0 Moulures it baguettes, avec deux gorges, devant et derriere une caisse.60 Moulures elegies it baguettes et gorges dans les brancards et derribre d’un phabton ou d’un breack droits 6 0 Moulures a baguettes et gorges dans les brancards d’un phabton ou d’un breack, avec passage - - 12 0 Moulures rapportbes it baguettes et gorges dans les brancards d’un phabton ou d’un breack, sans pas¬ sage. 30 Moulures rapportbes it baguettes et gorges dans les brancards d’un phabton ou d’un breack, avec pas¬ sage en plus.6 0 Moulures blbgies dans les battants de portes d’une caisse - » - 2 0 Prices adopted work. 178 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Moulures arrondies pour toute fr. c. grande caisse - Moulures arrondies pour toute 4 0 petite caisse - Moulures a biseau pour toute 2 0 grande caisse - Moulures a biseau pour toute 4 0 petite caisse. Encadrement de moulures dans le bas, derri6re d’un omnibus ou 2 0 d’un breack - - . 3 0 Moulures en saillie de 0‘010 m k 0'050 m dans les c6t6s d’un breack, les portes comprises - - - - 30 0 Petites frises 616gies dans les c6t4s d’une avance de clarence - - 3 0 Deux accoudoirs 616gies dans un brisement.5 0 Prise 616gie formant encadrement devant et derri&re une caisse, ex¬ cepts celles de coupes berlines ou landaux.10 Une traverse de pavilion, 616gie - 1 50 Les deux cot^s d’un pavilion 6l6gie d’un omnibus.4 0 Pavilions et traverse d’en haut de portes 616gis dans une berline & 5 glaces.6 0 E16gis ou rentrees dans les beam- cards sous les moulures des brise- ments, compris la moulure de porte.5 0 E16gis dans une porte de cabriolet - 2 0 Quatre coins ronds 616gis, formant encadrement dans la galerie d’un breack.14 0 Quatre coins ronds 616gis sans encadrement dans la galerie d’un breack -.12 0 Quatre coins ronds d’un omnibus - 30 0 Ballon 616gi d’une caliche avec chassis.90 0 Ballon non elegi d’une caliche avec chassis.80 0 Ballon de breack omnibus avec chassis.70 0 Coup6 d’un ballon d’omnibu avec chassis 4 coulisses - - - - 10 0 Coup6 d’un ballon d’omnibus sans recouvrement chassis descendant 15 0 Coup6 d’un ballon d’omnibu s avec recouvrement chassis descendant 20 0 up6 d’un ballon d’omnibus avec recouvrement chassis descendant coins arrondis en plus - 25 0 Coup6 d’un ballon de caliche les pieds d’entr6e de devant en deux colonnes, dont une creuse, le bal¬ lon en deux parties en plus - - 20 0 Accoudoirs a moulures 616gies for¬ mant bourreiet sur le bas d’un omnibus & ballon - - - - 10 0 Accoudoirs a moulures 616gies for¬ mant bourreiet sur le bas d’un omnibus 4 ballon, coins ronds en plus.15 0 Accoudoirs formant bourreiet sur le bas d’un omnibus k ballon - - 8 0 Accoudoirs formant bourreiet sur le t , bas d’un omnibus a ballon, coins ronds.10 0 Accoudoirs dans une berline a ballon pour former caliche, frises com¬ prises .45 0 Accoudoirs de devant d’un clarence 10 0 Renfoncement dans un passage de petit coup6.8 0 Renfoncement dans un passage de roues - - - - -30 fr. c. Renfoncement derriCre un cabriolet 5 0 Renfoncement derri&re une caisse pour les ressorts - - - - 4 0 Renfoncement derriCre une caisse formant boite.7 0 Renfoncement dans le panneau de devant d’une caliche - - - 6 0 Gorge en bas d’une avance droite ou cintr^e.5 0 Gorge en bas de devant d’un coffre carr6 «.20 Traverse de gorge - - - - 3 0 Traverse de gorge sous la rotonde d’un phaeton.2 0 Traverse en arc de passage de roues 3 0 Banquette ronde &> panneaux, sans cerceaux.25 0 Banquette ronde k jour, sans cer¬ ceaux .23 0 Banquette ronde k une galerie k jour.25 0 Banquette ronde k deux galerie k jour.30 0 Banquette carr6e a jour - - - 28 0 Banquette carr6e it jour et a pal- mettes.28 0 Banquette carrde k panneaux et & palmettes - - - - - 28 0 Banquette carr6e a cot6s pleins - 20 0 Banquette carr6e a deux galeries et k palmettes.30 0 Banquette carr^e a pieds en S. ou en C..30 0 Tendeur ordinaire avec chassis & moulures - - - - -60 Tendeur ordinaire avec chassis pente oujupe et moulures - - - 10 0 Chassis de si6ge.2 0 Chassis de si6ge au-dessus de l'10 m . 3 0 Deux chassis cintr6s d’un coup6 trois quarts 4 trois glaces - - - 5 0 Deux chassis quart de rond ou demi- ronds.40 Deux chassis ovales dans les cus- todes.70 Deux chassis dans 'une baie de ca¬ liche avec montant - - - 2 0 Un chassis dans une baie de caliche 1 50 Chassis de glace (trois ou quatre pour une garniture) - - - 4 0 Deux panneaux guilloch^s avec en- cadrements compris les jours - 6 0 Un panneaux guilloch6, avec enca- drements dans une porte compris lejour - - - -30 Un panneau guilloch<5, dans le der- riCrc d’un breack omnibus compris lejour.5 0 Un panneau guilloch6, dans les cot^s d’un coffre, compris lejour - -30 Jours dans le bas d’un brisement - 14 0 Jours avec 6cusson ovale dans up dog cart.50 Jours avec ecusson ovale & b&tis pour re^evoir des lames - - - 10 0 Deux panneaux rapport6s dans les jours d’une caisse - - - - 3 0 Deux 6cussons rapport^s sur une frise - - - - - - -10 Deux 6cussons <$16gis dans une frise 1 50 Balustresr apportSs surun panneau, la piece.015 Pavilion bomb^.4 0 Pavilion bomb6 formant d6me d’un plein ceintre avec les custody » 18 0 Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 179 fr. c. Pavilion bomb 6 boule - - - 12 0 Custodes d’omnibus dobies en de¬ hors, chaque.0 50 Breach double partout - - - 6 0 Phaeton ou breack omnibus double partout.40 Dossier double.2 0 Coffre double par le dehors, volige en feuillures.2 0 Lames de jalousies au dessous de 0 m . 40 c ., compris les jours - - 0 35 Lames de jalousies au dessous de 0 m . 40°., compris les jours - -0 50 Deux cornes d’un cabriolet milord avec volutes.4 0 Deux cornes d’un cabriolet milord sans volutes - - - - - 8 0 Changement de siege - - - - 3 0 Boite & fusils.5 0 Petites crosses sous un garde crotte avec traverse droite sous la co- quille.30 Gondolage d’un corps de caisse - 10 0 Double saillie dans un omnibus - 10 0 Custodes en rainures dans les quatre cotes d’un mail coach - - - 12 0 Les quatre custodes en rainures d’un mail coach.12 0 Panneau de devant d’un coupe for¬ mant le passage de roues et les deux pilastres.3 0 Custodes en rainures et d’ongles d’un omnibus, chaque - - - 2 0 Devant rond d’un coupe, jusqu’4 0*05 m , la descente des chassis et les chassis compris - - - 8 0 Devant rond d’un coupe, de 0*051 min . jusqu’4 0*100 mm ., la descente et les chassis compris - - - - 14 0 Prises rondes it partir de 0*005 mm . jusqu’4 0*020 mm . - - - -20 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0*021 mm . jusqu’4 0*030 mm . - - - -50 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0'031 mm . jusqu’4 0*040 mm . - - - - 7 0 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0*041 mm . jusqu’4 0*050 mm . - - - -90 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0 , 051 mm . jusqu’4 0‘080 mm . - - - - 12 0 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0*081 mm . jusqu’a 0*100 mm . - - - - 20 0 Prises rondes 4 partir de 0*101 mm . jusqu’4 0"ISO 111111 . - - - - 30 0 Prises rondes de O'081 4 0*100 pan- neaux en tdle.13 0 Prises rondes de 0*101 4 0*150 pan- neaux en tole - - - - - 15 0 Bas mandrins sont 4 la charge des patrons. Benflement sur les c6t£s d’un omni¬ bus jusqu’4 0*020 mm . - - -60 Benflement sur les cotes d’un omni¬ bus de 0*021 mm . 4 0*030 mm . - -80 Benflement sur les c6t6s d’un omni¬ bus de 0*031 mm . 4 0*040 mm . - - 10 0 Benflement sur les cotes d’un omni¬ bus de 0'041 mm . 4 0 * 050 mm . - - 12 0 Benflement sur les cotes d’un o mni - bus de 0*051 mm . 4 0'060 mtn . - - 14 0 Benflement sur les cdtes d’un o mni - bus de 0*061 mm . 4 0*070 mm . - - 16 0 Benflement sur les cotCs d’un omni¬ bus de0*071 mm . 4 0*080 mm . - - 18 0 Hausse sur un coffre breack - - 5 0 Une garniture de cerceaux - - 5 0 Une thdr6se - - - - - 10 0 Pond en bois dur dans une caisse - 3 0 Un faux fond.2 0 Devant de coffre grille - - - 2 0 » „ pour remplacer la doublure - 1 0 fr. c. Deux tourniquets dans une caliche 1 50 Bandes entaillees en dehors de pieds de devant d’un coupe, bottes com¬ prises - - - - 5 0 Bandes entaillees dans les brancards d’une calOche sous la joue de fond 4 0 Bainures dans les caisses cann6es, chaque panneau - - - 1 0 Pour toute caisse dont le devers depasse 0*15 c - - - -60 Botte d’un pied de coupe - - 1 0 Baguette d’angle remplacant le galon dans l’encadrement d’une glace de landau - - - - 1 50 La diminution 4 faire pour une caisse 4 cerceaux qui ne seraient pas fournis sera de 4fr. La fourniture de chandelle est due par les patrons 4 raison de lfr. 25c. pour cent. Prices adopted for work. Metaux. Affineurs de metaux, le mois, 120fr, 4 200fr. Agraffes (metal), jr., 4fr. 50c. *Ajusteurs (mecanicien), jr., 5fr. 4 6fr. Amorces (fabricants d’), 3fr. 4 4fr. *AppareilIeurs (gaz), 6fr. Appreteurs de metaux, 4fr. 50c. *Arcons (fabricants d’), 4fr. 50c. *Argenteurs, 5fr. 4 6fr. *Armuriers, 5fr. 4 6fr. Balanciers, ajusteurs, 5fr. Bandagistes, 5fr. Batteurs d’or, argent. 5fr. 50c. *Bijoutiers, 5fr. 4 7fr. * „ sertisseurs, 7fr. 4 9fr. Bimbelotiers, 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. 50c. *Boites (monteurs de), 4fr. 50c. Boulons (fabricants de), 4fr. 50c. *Brunisseurs, 4fr. 50c. 4 5fr. *Cannonniers, 5fr. 4 6fr. *Carrossiers, „ march andeurs menuisiers, 8fr. 4 lOfr. „ les ouvriers, 4fr. 4 6fr. *Charrons, 4fr. 4 8fr. *Serrurier, 3fr. 50c. 4 9fr. "Peintre, 3fr. 50c. 4 8fr. *Sellier, 3fr. 50c. 4 7fr. Ceinturonniers, 4fr. 4 4fr. 50c. *Chaudronniers, 4fr. 50. 4 5fr. *Ciseleurs, 5fr. 4 6fr. Cloutiers, 5fr. *Compas, ouvrier ordinaire, 30c. 4 45c. l’heure. Cuilleristes, journee, 7fr. 4 8fr. *Constructeurs de fourneaux, 5fr. 4 6fr. Couteliers, 4fr. 50c. Daguerreotypes, 5fr. Damasquineurs, 4fr. 50c. Devantures de boutiques (omements pour les), 4fr. 50c. 4 5fr. *Doreurs, 6fr. *Echappementiers (horlogers), 3fr. 50c. 4 4fr. *Enclumes et etaux (forgerons), 6f. 4'7f. Eperonniers, 5f. Epingliers, 4f. 4 4f. 50c. Equipements militaires, 4fr. 50c. 4 5fr. *Estampeurs, 5f. Etameurs, 4fr. 4 4fr. 50c. Etireurs de metaux, 5fr. *Ferblantiers, 4fr. 50c. 4 5fr. *Pondeurs, 5fr. Pontainiers, 5fr. *Forgerons, 6fr. 4 7fr. *Fourbisseurs, 5fr. 4 6fr. Gamisseurs, 5fr. Garnitures de parapluies, 4fr. 4 4fr. 50c. *Graveurs, 5fr. 4 7fr. ♦Grillageurs, 3fr. 75c. 180 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Prices adopted for work. ♦Guillocheurs, 5fr. k 6fr. ♦Horologers montres et pendules, 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. Aux pieces, se font de, 5fr. it 6fr. Le contremaitre, l’annee, 2,400fr. it 3,000fr. Instruments de chirurgie, 5fr. 50c. „ de musique, 5fr. 50c. * „ d’optique. 5fr. 50c. * „ de precision, l’heure, 30c. k 75c. Lames de sabres, journee, 5fr. Lamineurs, 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. ♦Lampistes, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. Lanternes de voiture, 5fr. it 5fr. 50c. Lapidaires, 4fr. 50c. Limes (tailleurs de), 5fr. it 6fr. *Lorgmettes de spectacle, 3fr. 50c. a 6fr. *Lunettiers, 6fr. *Mar6chaux ferrants (ferreurs), 5fr. 50c. a 6fr. * „ (tesseurs de pieds), 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. Mecaniciens (forgerons), 6fr. 50c. it 7fr. 50c. * „ . ajusteurs, 5fr. it 6fr. * „ frappeurs, 4fr. it 4fr. 50c. Modeleurs, 5fr. a 5fr. 50c. ♦Mouleurs en bronze, 5fr. it 6fr. ♦Mouleurs (fonderies), 5fr. *Orfevres, 6f. it 7fr. Paillettes, 4fr. 50c. Perles et pierres fausses, 5fr. it 6fr. Planeurs, 3fr. 50c. 4 4fr. ♦Plaqueurs, 5fr. it 6fr. *Plombiers, 6fr. ♦Polisseuses, 2fr. it 2fr. 50c. Potiers detain, 4fr. 50c. Beperceuses, 2fr. a, 2fr. 50c. •Bepousseurs, 5fr. Petreigneurs, 4fr. 4 4fr. 50c. *Selliers (voir carrossiers) serruriers, * „ forgerons, 6fr. it 7fr. * „ ajusteurs, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. 50c. * „ hommes de ville, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. „ frappeurs (quelquefois ils aj us tent et sont payes en consequence), 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. Serruriers (meubles), 4fr. 25c. *Sertisseurs (bijoux), 8fr. it 9fr. Taillandiers, 6fr. Toliers, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. ♦Tourneurs, 4fr. 30c. it 5fr. ♦Verges (poseurs de) liorlogerie, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. ♦Zingeurs, 5fr. it 5fr. 50c. Industries Diverses. Autograpbes (ecrivains) an mois, 200fr. 400 fr. Bordeurs de noir (papeterie), 4fr. 4 5fr. 50c. Brocheurs, 3fr. k 4fr. Cartonnages, 3fr. it 4fr. Clicheurs stCreotypeurs, 4fr. a 5fr. Coloristes et enlumineuses, 2fr. 4 2fr 50c. Compositeurs typographes, 4fr. it 5fr. Correcteurs, „ 6fr. Ecrivains lithographes, 2,000fr. it 2400fr. l’an. Pondeurs de caract&res pieces, et journee, 4fr. it 5fr. Glaceurs de papier, 3fr. it 4fr. Imprimeurs lithographes, ecriture, 4fr. it 6 fr. Imprimeurs lithographes, dessins lith., 7fr. Imprimeurs typographes, 4fr. it 5fr. „ taille douce, 6fr. k 7fr. Pierres lithographiques (graineurs de), 4fr. 50c. Conducteurs de machines (imprimerie) 7fr. k 8fr. Pegistres (fabricants de), l’heure, 50c. Pelieurs (fabricants de), l’heure, 50c. Pegleurs „ 50c. Satineurs, 3fr. a 4fr. journee. Billards (fabricants de), 5fr. Bouchons, it la semaine, 22fr. a 30fr. Boutonniers, aux pieces. Brossiers, aux pieces; it la journee, 3fr. 3fr. 50c. Buffle (objets en), l’heure, 50c. Cannieres, lfr. 50c. a 2fr. Chaises et fauteuils, 4fr. 50c. k 5fr. 50c., et aux pieces. Ebenistes, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. 50c. Ecaille (fabricants d’objets en) ,l’heure,50c. Graveurs sur bois, &c., 4fr. a 5fr. Menuisiers antiquaires, 4fr. 50c. „ fauteuils et chaises, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. „ machinistes, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. modeleurs, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. „ outilleurs, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. Mouluriers, 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. Peignes, corne buffles, os, etc., 50c. l’heure. Queues de billards (fabricants de). 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. Sculpteurs sur bois, aux pieces, (meubles) a la journee, 4fr. 50e. a 6fr. Tabletiers, 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. Tourneurs, 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. „ chaises, 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. Vanniers, 4fr. Vergetiers (brossiers), 3fr. a 3fr. 50c. Vernisseurs sur bois, 3fr. a 4fr. Layetiers emballeurs, 5fr. et 6fr. Malletiers, coffretiers, 4fr. a 5fr. Menuisiers en batiments, 4fr. 50c. k 5fr. „ mecaniciens, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. „ pour l’industrie, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. Parqueteurs (aux pieces), 5fr. journee. Rampistes, 4ft*. 50c. a 5fr. Peplanisseurs de parquets, 6fr. a 7fr. Barques et bateaux (constructeurs de), 5fr. a 6fr. Charpentiers (batiments), 6fr. „ (bateaux), 6fr. Scieurs a la mecanique, 5fr. Badigeonneurs, 5fr. Briquetiers (poseurs de briques), 5fr. a6fr. Carreleurs, 5fr. Couvreurs, 6fr. a 6fr. 25c. „ (garQon), 4fr. 25c. Demolisseurs, 4fr. a 5fr. Dessinateurs d’architecture, 200fr. a 300fr. le mois. Doreurs (batiments), 6fr. la journee. Enduiseurs, 5fr. a 6fr. Eourniers (constructeurs de fours), 5fr. a 6 fr. Erotteurs (mise en couleur), 3fr. a 4fr. Gravatiers, au mois, 90fr. a 120fr. Paveurs, 5fr. Peintres, 5fr. 50c. Masons, 5fr. a 5fr. 50c. „ bardeurs, 4fr. a 4fr. 50c. „ limousins, 4fr. 25c. a 4fr. 50c. Puisatiers (chef d’equipe), 8fr. 50c. „ ouvrier, 5fr. a 7fr. Ramoneurs, 2fr. 50c. Pocailleurs, 5fr. a 6fr. Scieurs de pierre (aux pieces), et a la jour¬ nee, 6fr. Tailleurs de pierre (ruvaleurs), 6fr. 50c. a 8 fr. Tailleurs sur chantier, 5fr. 50c. Terrassiers, 3fr. 50c. a 4 fr. Tourneurs (pierre et terre), 4fr. a 5fr. Albatre (fabricants d’objets en), 3fr. 50c. a 5fr. Trottoirs (poseurs de), 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. Beton (appreteurs, broyeurs, cuiseurs et poseurs de), 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Coles Report. 181 Carriers, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. Carton-pierre (poseurs de), 5fr. it 6fr. et aux pieces. Figuristes en platre (mouleurs), 5fr. 50c. it 6 fr. Glaisiers, 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. Granir (piqueur et tailleur de), 5fr. it 5fr. 50c. Graveurs (marbre et pierre), aux pieces. Marbriers, 5fr. a 6fr. 50c. Metteurs au point, 7fr. a 9fr. MeuliOre (piqueur, equarisseur, et emmi- treur de), 4fr. Modeleur (r6pareur de modele), 8fr. it lOfr. Mosaique, 5fr. Pates moul6es, carton, 5fr. it 6fr. Piqueur de grOs, 5fr. Polisseur de marbre et pierre, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. Praticiens (sculpteurs), 9fr. it 15fr. Sable (tireurs et passeurs de), 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. Scieurs de marbre, 6fr. ou aux pieces. Sculpteur sur pierre et marbre, 8fr. a 12fr. Sculpteurs modeleurs, 8fr. it 15fr. Stucateurs, 5fr. et 6fr. Tourneurs (marbre), 5fr. Tissus. Agremaniste (passementerie), lfr. 5c. a 2fr. Agrements en paille (fabricants de), lfr. 50c. a 2fr. Ajusteurs ou monteurs de metier, 6 p r. it 8 fr. Appreteurs de chales, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. „ d’etoffes, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. „ pour d’ecatissage, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. „ de chapeaux de feutre, 6fr. it lOfr. Blanchisseurs d’etoffes ouvragties, 3fr. Bonnetiers, 3fr. Bordures pour chapeaux de paille, 2fr. Bourses, 2fr. Boutonnieres en tissu, 3fr. Brassieres, 2fr. Bretelles, 75c. Brocheurs pour tissus, 5fr. Broderies, brodeuses, 2fr. a 2fr. 50c. Brodeurs, galonniers en soie et laiue, 2fr. it 2fr. 50c. Broyeurs de chauvre, 3fr. Calandreurs, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. Canevas, 2fr. 4 2fr. 50c. Cavetieres ou trameuses, 2fr. Cardeurs pour matelas, 2fr. Carderies (entrepreneurs de), 3fr. Casquettes, lfr. 50c. a 2fr. 50c. Chales (fabricants de), 3fr. Chanvre (fllateurs de), 3fr. Chapeaux de paille, 6fr. a lOfr. „ soie, feutre, pluche (piece). Chapellerie (fabricants d’art de), 4fr. a lOfr. Chasubles et ornements d’eglise, lfr. 50c. a 2fr. 50c. Chaussons, de lisiere, tresse, natte, 50c. a lfr. 50c. Chemisieres, 75c. a 2fr. Chenille (fabricants de), 3fr. a 4fr. Chineurs, 3fr. a 4fr. Cylindreurs (pour chapeaux de paille, etoffes, &c.), 5fr. a 8fr. Coiffeurs, par mois, 15fr. a 45fr. nourris, &c. Cols (fabricants de), 75c. a 2fr. Confection, lfr. 50c. a 3fr. Cordiers, 3fr. Corsets (fabricants de), lfr. 50c. a 2fr. Costumiers, 3fr. a 4fr. Coton (fllateurs de), 2fr. a 3fr. Cotonniers, 2fr. a 3fr. 1 . Couseuses de coiffes, chapeaux de soie, 75c. a 2 fr. Couseuses de gallons, gants, 75c. a 2fr. CouturiOres, lfr. 25c. a 2 fr. 50c. Couvertures (fabricants de) laine, soie, molleton, coton, lfr. 50c. a 2fr. 50c. Cravates, 75c. a 2fr. Crin (fabricants d’etoffes de), 2fr. 50c. a 3fr. Culottiers (tailleurs), 3fr. a 4fr. 50c. Damas (fabricants d’etoffes de) , 3fr. Bamasseurs, 3fr. I)6catisseurs, appreteurs, 3fr. 50c. a 4fr. Decoupeurs de chales, 4fr. a 6 fr. Dessinateurs pour broderies, dentelles chales, &c. tissus, lfr. 50c. a 4fr. D6tacheurs, lfr. 50c. a lOfr. Devideurs, de soie, cachemire, laine, et coton, lfr. 25c. a 2fr. Doreurs pour fonds de chapeaux, 3fr. a 4fr. Egarreuses (chapellerie), 2fr. 50c. a 3fr. Equipements militaires, drapeaux, toiles, 75c. a 3fr. 50c. Etoffes apprises pour fleurs, 2fr. 50c. a 3fr. 50c. Eventails en tissu, 2fr. a 4fr. Fabricants de peignes et de lisses a lisser, 3fr. Filasse, 2fr. a 3fr. Filateurs en toute matiOre, 2fr. a 3fr. Filets (fabricants de), lfr. 50c. a 3fr. Fleuristes, 75c. a 3fr. 50c. Formiers pour chapeaux, 5fr. a lOfr. Foulerie d’etoffes, 3fr. a 5fr. Frangeurs, 75c. a 2fr. 50c. Friseurs de drap, de laine, 3fr. Garnisseurs pour chapeaux, 2fr. a 3fr. Gamisseurs de maillons, 3fr. Gauffreurs d’6toffes, 3fr. Gaze (fabricants de), gaziers, Sfr. Graveurs, pour broderies et armoiries sur tissus, 2fr, 50c. a 3fr. 50c. GrOtriers (drap, toile, &c.), 3fr. a 4fr. 50c. Implanteurs sur tissus (perruquiers), le mois, 15fr. a 45fr. Imprimeurs sur etoffes, tireur compris, le jour, 6fr. Facets, 2fr. 50c. a Sfr. Lanceurs, 75c. a lfr. 50c. Lingerie, lingeres, 75c. a 2fr. Lisseuses de dessins (fabricationd’etoffes), 3fr. a 5fr. Lustreurs d’etoffes, Sfr. Lustreurs de soie en Ocheveaux, 3fr. a 3fr. 50c. Matelassiers, 3fr. M6ch.es (fabricants de), 3fr. Modes, modistes, le mois, 15fr. a 150fr. Nouveaut£s (confection de), 2fr. a 3fr. Ouate, 3fr. Ourdisseurs, Sfr. Passementerie, or, argent, soie, fil, coton, 2fr. a 5fr. Peigneurs de chauvre, 2fr. a 3fr. Peintres sur 6toffes, Sfr. a Sfr. Plieurs de fil, soie, 3fr. a Sfr. 50c. Plumes pour ornements, lfr. 50c. a 5fr. Plumeaux, lfr. 50c. a 3fr. Porte-monnaie, en tissu, lfr. 50c. 5fr. Raccommodeuses de tissus, chales, &c., lfr. 50c. a 3fr. Repriseuses en dentelles, 2fr. a 3fr 50c. Repriseuses en chales cachemires, &c., 2f. a Sfr. 50c. Retordeurs, 2fr. a Sfr. Tailleurs, 2fr. a 5fr. Tapis, tapisserie, 75c. a lfr. 50c. Tapissiers, 4fr. a 7fr. Tisserands, 2fr. 50c. a 3fr. Tondeurs de chales, 4fr. a 6fr. Torderie de soie, 2fr. 50c. a 4fr. Tournuriers (chapellerie), 4fr. a lOfr. O Prices ' adopted for work. Reports on ike Paris Exhibition. 182 Pianos. Le caissier, 5fr. Le finisseur, 7fr. Les autres, 6fr. Produits Chimiques. l eie Categoric. Acides veg6taux (oxaliques, acetiques, piroligneux), 3fr. a 5fr. le jour. Acides mineraux (sulfurique, ou huile de vitriol), 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Acides muriatiques, ou chlorhydrique, ou liydrochlorique, ou esprit de sel), 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Acides (nitrique, ouazotique, ou eau forte), 3fr. k 5fr. jr. Acides sulfureux, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c. et 5fr. Albumine pr. la clarification des liquides, 5fr. it 6fr. jr. Alcalis (so.uae, potasse, baryte, strontiane), 4fr. 4 5fr. 50c. jr. Alluinettes chimiques et ordinaires, 2fr. 50c., 3fr., et 4fr. jr. Alumine (fabricants de sulfate d’alumine , sels ammoniacaux, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Alun, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Amadou, 3fr. a 5fr. Ammoniaque (alcali volatil), 3fr. it 6fr, jr. Amorces (poudre fulminante), 3fr. 50c it 6 fr. jr. Arsenic, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. 50c jr. Artiiiciers, 4fr. 5fr. et 6fr. jr. Asphalte (produits bitumineux), 3fr. et 5fr. jr. Assiette pr. doreurs (fabricants d’), 5fr. 4 9 fr. jr. Bitume, 3fr. et 5fr. jr. Blanc d’argent, 3fr. h 5fr. jr. „ de l’eruse, 3fr. a 5fr. jr. „ d’Espagne, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. „ de zinc, 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Bleu de Prusse (d’azur, de cobalt), 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Bois de teinture, 2fr. 50c. a 5fr. jr. Borax (acide borique), 4fr. 4 6fr. jr. Boueurs (engrais), 3fr.jr. Boules d’aoier, 3fr. a 6fr. jr. „ de bleu, 3fr. it 5fr. 50c. jr. Brai (sorte de r6sine du goudron), 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Briquets chimiques (veilleuses), 4fr. ft 6fr. jr. Broyeurs de couleurs, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Camphre (raffineurs de), 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Caoutchouc (fabricants de), 3fr., 4rf., et 5fr. jr. Carmin, d’indigo de cochenille, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Cendres gravelees (lie de vin, tartrate de potasse), 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Cliarbon animal, de bois, de tarre, 5fr. jr. Chlorate de potasse, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. jr. Chlorues de chaux, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Chromates, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. et 5fr, jr. Cinabre (vermilion), 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. 50c. jr. Cirage (fabricants de), 3fr., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Cire it cacheter (fabricants de), 4fr. et 5fr. jr. Cire a giberne, 3fr. a 4fr. 50c. jr. Cobalt (bleu de), 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Coke (fabricants de), 3fr., 4fr. 50c„ et 5fr. jr. Colie forte, gelatine et colle it baume, 4fr. it 5fr. 50c. Colle de p&te, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Colophane (distillation de la terbben- thine), 5ft\ et 6fr. jr. Coloration des bois, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Combustibles (fortunes avec divers rdsi- dus), 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Comes (it lantemes, it peignes), 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Cornes (applatisseurs de), 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Couleurs, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., it 4fr. 50c. jr. Couperose (sulfate de fer), 3fr. it 5fr. r. Crayons de mine de plomb, 3fr. 50c. a 6 fr. 50c. jr. Cyanures, 3fr., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Dents et rateliers artificiels, 5fr. a 15fr. jr. Dessuintage de laine, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. 50c. jr. Droguistes, herboristes, 3fr. 50c. & 4fr. 50c. Eaux filtr^es. de 30fr., 50fr., et 120fr. par mois. Eau de javel, de 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. 50c. jr. Eaux minerales artificielles, 3fr. 50c. a 5fr. ir. Ecaille (fondeurs d’), 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Eclairage, gaz et autres, 3fr., 3fr. 50c. et 5fr. jr. Ecorcheurs, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Encres, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. „ de chine, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. „ d'imprimerie, 4fr. ii 5fr. jr. Enduits hydrofuges, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Ether, 4fr. it 7fr. jr. Garance, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Gaz (fabricants de coke), 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Gomme Olastique, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Goudron, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Gutta percha, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Indigo (carmin d’), 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Jaune de chrome, 3fr. it 5fr.jr. Laques diverses, 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Laveurs de cendres, 5fr. it 7fr. 50c. jr. Litharge (oxide de plomb) pour la pein- ture, 3fr. it 5fr, jr. Mastics, 3fr. a 4fr. 50c. jr. Matures animales (engrais, &c.), 3fr. 50c. k 5 fr. jr. Mercure, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. 50c. jr. Minium, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Naturalistes (empailleurs'd’animaux), 4fr„, 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Nitre, 3fr. k 5fr. jr. Noir animal, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. jr „ de fum6e, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. jr. Ocres diverses, 3fr. it 4fr. 50c. jr. Oignons brules, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Outremer mineral, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Papiers et taffetas (pour usages m6dici* naux), 4fr. 4 5fr. jr. Pastels divers (preparateurs de), 5fr. a 5fr. 50c. jr. Plumes d’oie (preparateurs de), 3fr. it 4fr. jr. Pois d’iris, 2fr. 50c. it 4fr. 50c. jr. Potasse (fabricants de), 3fr. a5fr. jr. Poudre dechasse et de guerre, 4fr. & 5fr. jr. Poudres diverses pour la droguerie et les arts, 4ft.’, it 6fr. jr. Poudrettes, 4fr. 50c. it 5fr. Produits ammoniacaux, 3fr. a 5fr. jr. „ chimiques et pharmaceutiques, 3fr. it 5fr. Quinquina, Sfr., 4fr., et 5fr. 50c. jr. P.esine, poix, goudron, 3fr. 50c., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Rouge it polir, 2fr. 50c. it 5fr. 50?. jr. Rouge de cartliame, 3fr. 50c. k 5fr. jr. Salpetriers, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Sang coagule (engrais), 3fr. it 4fr. 50c. jr. Schiste, 4fr. it 6fr. jr. Sels (affineurs de), 3fr. 50c. ^ 5fr. jr. Sels divers, 3fr. 50c. k 4fr. 50c. jr. Soude artificielle, 3fr. 50c. it 4fr. 50c. jr. Soufre en fleurs, en canons, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Strontiane, 3fr. it 4fr. jr. Substances tinctoriales, Sfr. k 4fr. jr. Tabacs, 3fr. it 5fr. jr. Tablettes de couleur, 4fr. ^ 5fr. Appendix (P.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 183 Tampons pour impressions, 4fr. a 5ft*. jr. Tartrate (bitartrate de potasse, crOme de tartre), 5fr. k 7fr. jr. Tissus impermtables, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Tournesal, 3fr., 4fr. et 5fr. jr. Vermilion, 3fr., 4fr„ et 5fr. jr. Vernis, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Vert de gris (mature pour peindre), 4fr. et 5fr. jr. Vidanges, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. 2 eme Categorie. Ampasteleurs (teinturiers), 4fr. 50c. et 5fr. jr. Aromates (fabricants d’huile volatile, ben- join), 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Baleine (6purateurs de blanc de), 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Baleine (fondeurs de fanonsde), 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Bougie, cire et autres matieres, 3fr. et 4fr. 50c. jr. Buandiers, blanchisseurs, 2fr. 50c., 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Chandelliers (fabricants de chandelles), 3fr. & 5fr. jr. Cire jaune et blanche, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. D6graisseurs, 4fr. it 5fr. jr. Dbtacheurs, 4fr., 5fr. et 5fr. 50c. jr. Essences et aromates (distillateurs d’), 3fr. 4 5fr. jr. Gelatine, 3fr. a 6fr. jr. „ alimentaire, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Graisse, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., k 4fr. jr. Huile fine de toute esp6ce, 3fr. 50c. it 5fr. Mael, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., et 4fr. jr. Mouleurs en cire, 5fr. a 6fr. jr. Oleine, pour la fabrication du savon, 4fr. 4 5fr. jr. Os, suifs (casseurs d’os), 3fr., 4fr., et5fr. jr. Parfumeurs, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., 5fr. 50c., et 6 fr. 50c. jr. Savons divers, 3fr. 50e., 4fr. 50c., 5fr. 50c., et 6fr. 50c. jr. Stearine, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., 5fr. 50c., et 6 fr. 50c. jr. Suifs en branches ou fondus, 3fr., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Teinturiers, degraisseurs, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. 3 eme Categorie. Alcools, 3fr. k 5fr. 50c. jr. Amidons, f6cules, 3fr. it 5fr. 50c. jr. Biscuits, faQon de Reims et autres (fabri¬ cants de), 5fr. a 7fr. jr. Boulangers, 4fr., 5fr. 50c., 6fr., et 7fr. jr. Brasseurs, 50fr., 100fr., et 120fr. par mois. Brulerie, de vin, de cidre de betterave, ou de grains, 5fr. jr. Cafe de chicor6e, betteraves, et glands doux, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Chocolatiers, 4fr. 50c., a 5fr. jr. Comestibles, 2fr. 50c., 3fr. 50c., a 4fr. 50c. jr. Coufiseurs, 3fr. a lOfr. jr. Conserves alimentaires, 2fr., 2fr. 50c., k 5fr. jr. Distillateurs, 4fr. 4 6fr. jr. Eaux de vie et autres (distillateurs d’), 5fr. jr. F6cules, 4fr. 50c. et 5fr. 50c. jr. Grainetiers, 30fr. a 120fr. par mois. Laitiers, 45fr. it 130fr. par mois. Liqueurs, 4fr. et 5fr. jr. Moutarde, 3fr. it 5fr. 50c. jr. Pains k cacheter, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c. et 6fr. jr. Pains d’epice, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. 50c. jr. Pastilleurs, decorateurs, 3fr. a 4fr. jr. Pates alimentaires, de touts nature, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Reglisse, 3fr.,4fr., et 4fr. 50e. jr. Salaisons, 3fr. k 6fr. jr. Sucre de canne et betterave (raffineurs de), 3fr. a 3fr. 50c. jr. Tonneliers pour les vins, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. jr. Vinaigre (fabricants de), 4fr. et 5fr. jr. Vins (m rs en gros). 30fr., 40fr., et lOOfr. par mois. 4 eme Categorie. Affiches peintes ou imprim<5es, 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Anatomie (fabricants de pieces d’), 3fr. a 10 fr. jr. Cartes & jour (fabricants de), 3fr. a 5fr. jr. Cartes en feuilles (fabricants de),4fr. a 5fr. jr. Carton (frbricants de carton), 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Couleurs, de papiers peints, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. . Dessinateurs en papiers peints, 6fr. to I5fr. jr. Graveurs sur bois, pour papiers peints, 6fr. a 15fr. jr. Imagerie, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Imprimeurs en papiers peints, 6fr. a 7fr. jr. Laveurs et trieursde chiffons, 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Lisseurs de papiers peints, 6fr. a 7fr. 50c. jr. Livrets de batteurs d’or (fabricants de), 5fr. k lOfr. jr. Marbreurs de, 6fr. k 7fr. 50c. jr. Masques (fabricants de), a faQon, 4fr. jr. Mouleurs en carton, 4fr. 50c. a 5fr. jr. ’ Papier (fabricants de), 4fr. a 5fr. jr. Papiers peints (fabricants de), 6fr. 50c. & 7fr. 50c. jr. Papier pour decalcage, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Photographie, 3fr. 50c. a 5 fr. jr, ou 150fr. et 300 fr. mois. Poup6es, 2fr., 3fr., et 4fr. jr. Satineurs de papiers peints, 6fr. 50c. k 7fr. 50c. jr. 5 eme Categorie. Bombeurs fr. 50c., de verres, 34fr. 50c., 5fr. et 6fr. jr. Boucheurs de flacons, 5fr. et 7fr. jr. Bouteilles de grCs, lOOfr. et 150fr. mois. Bouteilles de verre, lOOfr., 150fr., et 250fr. mois. Borquetiers, 3fr., 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., 5fr. 50c. jr. Chaux, lOOfr. et 150fr. mois, ou 3fr. 50c. jr. Ciment, lOOfr. et 150fr. mois, ou 3fr. 50c. jr. Creusets de chimie et autres, 3fr. 50c. a 5fr. 50c. jr. Cristaux, lOOfr., 120fr., 150fi\, and 200fr. mois. Decorateurs, sur porcelain, verre, et cris¬ taux, 5fr. & lOfr. jr. Dessinateurs, sur porcelaine, verre, et cris¬ taux, 5fr. it lOfr. jr. Encriers syphoides it pompe, 4fr. 4 4fr. 50c. jr. Etain pour glaces, 6fr., 7fr., et 9fr. jr. Etameurs (polisseurs de glaces), 5fr. et 6 fr. 50c. jr. Faience de toute sorte, 3fr., 4fr., 5fr., 6fr., et 7fr. jr. Glaces, 5fr. 0; lOfr. jr. Globes, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Graveurs sur porcelaine, verre, et cristaux, 5fr., 6fr., et 7fr. jr. GrCs, 3fr. 50c., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Miroitiers, 2fr. 50c., 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr, 50c. jr. Modeleurs sur porcelaine, 6fr. a 8 fr. jr. Papiers de verre, 2fr., 2fr. 50c., a 4fr. jr. Pierres fortices ou aritficielles, pour la joaillerie, 5fr., 6fr., et 7fr. jr. o 2 Prices adopted work. 184 Reports on the Paris Exhibition , Prices adopted for work. Pipes en terre, 2fr. 50., 3fr. 50c. 4 4fr. jr. Poeles (faience et terre cuite), a fagon, ou 5fr. 4 6fr. jr. Polisseurs de verres, et cristaux pour l’op- tique, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Porcelaine, 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. Poterie de terre, 3fr. 50c., a 4fr. 50c. et 5 fr. jr. Souffleurs de verre, lfr. 50c., 2fr. 50c., 3fr., et6fr.jr. Tailleurs de cristaux et verres, 4fi\, 5fr., et 5fr. 50c. jr. Terre de pipe, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., 4 5fr. jr. Tuiles (fabricants de), 3fr., 5fr., 7fr., lOfr. jr. Tuyaux en terre cuite, &c., 3fr., 5fr., 7fr., lOfr. jr Useurs sur porcelaine, 3fr., 4fr., 5fr. jr. Yerreries, 100fr., 120fr., 150fr., 300fr. per mois. Yeux artiflciels, 7fr. & 9fr. jr. 6 eme Categorie. Basane (fabricants de), 5fr. jr. Baudruche (appreteurs de),4fr. et 5fr. jr. Boyaudiers, 3fr., 4fr., et 5fr. jr. Cambreurs, 6fr. et 7fr. jr. Ohamoiseurs, 6fr. et 7fr. jr. Cireurs de taffetas, de toile, 45c. et 60c. l’heure. Cordes a boyaux, 2fr. 50c., 3fr., et 4fr. jr. Corroyeurs, 3fr., 5fr., 6fr., 7fr., et 9fr. jr. Cuirs en relief (repousseurs de), 3fr., 4fr. 5fr.jr. Cuirs et peaux (corroyeurs et tanneurs) 5fr., 6fr., 8fr. jr. Cuirs vernis, 2fr. 50c., 3fr. 50c., et 5fr. jr. Ecorce a tan, a fagon, ou 6fr. jr. Estampeurs (mouleurs sur cuir et feutre), 4fr., 5fr. 50c. jr. Eourreurs pell’etiers, 5fr., 6fr., 7fr. jr. Gommeurs d’etoffes, 5fr. et 5fr. 50c. jr. Hongroyeurs, 4fr. 4 6fr. jr. Maroquins, 3fr., 4fr., 5fr., et 6fr. jr. M6gissiers, 5fr., 7fr., et 9fr. jr. Mottes 4 bruler, a fagon, lOfr. 'et 12fr. le mille, Moutons (fabricants de peaux de), facon, et 3fr., 5fr., ou 9 fr. jr. Papiers goudronnes e’t vernis, 3fr. 4 4fr. 50c. jr. Parcbeminiers, 2fr. 50., 3fr., et 4fr. jr. Peaussiers, 5fr., 6fr., 7fr., et 9fr. jr. Poils de lievre et de lap in (pr6parateurs et coupeurs de), 5fr. et 6fr. jr. Taffetas gomm6 pour le vernis,3fr.et 4fr.50c. jr. Tan, 4 fagon, et 5fr. 4 7fr. jr. Tanneurs, 5fr., 6fr., 7fr., et 9fr. jr. Toiles et papiers circs, gommes, et vernis, 4fr. 50c. 4 6fr. jr. Toiles et taffetas cir&s, 3fr. 50c., 4fr. 50c., et 5fr. 50c. jr. Vernisseurs sur caoutcliouc et sur cuir, 3fr., 4fr., and 4fr. 50c. jr. Yernisseurs sur feutre, 6fr. et 7fr. jr. „ sur toile, 6fr. et 7fr. jr. „ sur tole, zinc, et fer blanc, 4fr. et 5fr. jr. APPENDIX (Q.) Statistics. Objects offered to Erench Govern¬ ment. List of Objects exhibited at the Paris Universal Exhibition, 1867, by the Department of Science and Art, South Kensington Museum, and accepted by the French Government for various Public Institutions in France. Plaster Casts. Transferred to Ecole des Beaux Aids, Paris. 1. The Old Pulpit from the Cathedral, Pisa. This pulpit was erected by Giovanni Pisano in the years 1302-11. It was injured in the fire which destroyed the roof of the cathedral in 1596. Portions of it were then removed to the Campo Santo, and other portions were deposited in the crypt of the cathedral, where they have since remained, a smaller pulpit having been erected in its place. In the year 1864 the Department sent Mr. Pranchi, of London, to Pisa for the purpose of taking casts of Italian sculpture of the middle ages, and he, with the consent of the authorities, made moulds of these various portions. Three complete casts of the pulpit were made by him, one of which was presented to the Italian Government, a second is erected in the South Kensington Museum, and the third is that which was exhibited in the Paris Universal Exhibition, and which has since been transferred to the Ecole des Beaux Arts, Paris. 2. Monument of Eilippo Decio, a Sienese lawyer, in the Campo Santo, Pisa, by Stagio Stagi, a celebrated Tuscan sculptor, date about 1530. Three casts of this monument were also made by Mr. Franchi at the same time with those of the pulpit. One is erected in the South Kensington Museum, a second was presented to the Italian Government, and the third is that now transferred to the Ecole des Beaux Arts. Appendix (Q.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 185 3, Figures of Apostles and Elders from the Porta Della Gloria of the Cathedral of Santiago in Spain, executed by Master Mateo between the years 1180 and 1190. A cast of the whole of the exterior of this great triple portal was made at Santiago, for the South Kensington Museum, by Mr. Dominic Brucciani, of London, in the year 1866, by permission of the authorities of the cathedral. It is at present set up in the Museum in separate portions; when finally erected it will measure 58 ft. 6 in. in width, and 34 ft. 8 in. in height. The portions now transferred to the Ecole des Beaux Arts were moulded by Air. Brucciani from the first cast. 4. Scandinavian Cross, with interlaced serpent decoration, a Runic inscrip¬ tion on one side; and a portion of the shaft of another cross with similar decoration. Translations of the Runic inscriptions are given on the labels. The originals are in the graveyard of Kirk Braddan, Isle of Man, and are formed of the schist of the district. Casts were made in 1866 for the Depart¬ ment of Science and Art by Mr. Franchi. Brick and Terra-cotta. Transferred to Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers , Paris. Arcade from the central window of the New Theatre, and one bay of the new buildings at South Kensington Museum, designed by the late Captain Fowke, R.E. The columns and other work in terra-cotta from models by the late Mr. Godfrey Sykes. These examples, in illustration of the new buildings at the South Kensington Museum, were erected in the Paris Universal Exhibition, and on the close of the Exhibition were re-erected at the Con¬ servatoire des Arts et Metiers, Paris, under the direction of the Department of Science and Art. Experiments with Enamelled Ceilings. Furniture. Radiating case for showing drawings, medals, textile fabrics, &c., lately introduced at the South Kensington Museum, and exhibited in the Paris Universal Exhibition. One of these cases was subsequently offered to each of the following institutions : — The Museum of the Louvre. The Museum of the Hotel Cluny. The Conservatoire des Arts et Metiers. Publications. A complete set of the geological maps and sections and other publications issued by the Geological Survey of Great Britain was exhibited in the Paris Universal Exhibition, and was subsequently transferred to the Geological Society of France. Parliamentary publications collected by H. M. Treasury, and accepted by H.I.M. the Emperor. List of Objects exchanged at the Paris Exhibition 1867. Prussia. The Department received from Prussia : — 1. A vase. Cream colour, with handles in the form of sphinxes. The vase ornamented at the base and neck with a design executed in a delicate violet tint. H. 2 ft. 10 in., diam. 10 in. Manufactured by the Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactury. 2. A vase. Light brown, with green handles painted with two medallions. A female figure in a chariot drawn by leopards, and a group of animals and birds. The whole surrounded by a design formed of storks and monsters. Round the neck are interwoven monsters, with wings. H. 1 ft. 10 in., diam. 10£ in. Manufactured by the Royal Prussian Porcelain Manufactory. Objects pre¬ sented. Objects re- ct ived from I russia. 180 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Objects re¬ ceived from Russia. Objects re¬ ceived from Italy. List of printed papers. In exchange for these vases the Department gave the following repro¬ ductions : — 1 Gilt ImhofF Tankard and cover. I Silver oxydised plateau (Temperance). 1 Silver oxydised head-piece. I Fictile ivory hunting horn. 1 Bronze bell (Jacobus). 1 Parcel gilt tankard. 1 Gilt oviform ewer (Norwich). 1 Guilt salver (Norwich). 1 Gilt cup and cover. Russia. The Department received from the Russian Government: — 1. A reproduction in plaster of a folding panagie or diptych in enamel. 15th century. Belonging to the monastery of Simonow, near Moscow. 2. A reproduction in plaster of a navette in silver. 12th century. Belong¬ ing to the monastery of Novospasky, at Moscow. 3. A reproduction in plaster of a ehasse in silver repousse and enamel work. Dated 1488. From the Cathedral of the Assumption, at Moscow. 4. A reproduction in plaster of a ehasse in silver repousse and enamel work. Dated 1488. From the Cathedral of the Assumption, at Moscow. 5. A reproduction in plaster of a Ciborium, in enamel. 17th century. Belonging to the monastery of Novospasky, near Moscow. 6. “ Copies Photographiees des Miniatures des Manuscrits Grecs.” 3 vols. 7. Photographs of Russian antiquities preserveed in the Monastery of Fro'itsky Lavra (Moscow), executed by the monks. In exchange for these, the Department gave the following objects (repro¬ ductions) : — 1 Silver oxydised cup. (Ancient Persian). 1 Silver oxydised book cover. 1 Silver oxydised book cover. And also a coilection of reproductions of fictile ivories by the Arundel Society and by Franchi and Son. w Italy. The Department received from the Italian Government: — A cast of a tabernacle. Italian (Perugia). Dated 1511. The original, of silver, is in the cathedral of Perugia. Exchanged for a cast in “ fibrous plaster ” of a portion of a frieze, from the ruined temple of Saitron, near Rajpootana. The original, of stone, in the collection (India) of the Architectural Museum. Indian. About A.D. 1100. List of Printed Papers issued by the British Executive Com¬ mission for the Information of Exhibitors, &c. Report to the Emperor of the French by the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, and Public Works. Appointment of Royal Commission. Guarantee Association (French). List of Royal Commissioners. Minutes of Meetings of Royal Com¬ mission. System of Classification. Formation of Commissioners into Group Committees. Demands for Space. Industrial Section. Demands for Space. Machinery Section. Notice not to delay transmission of Demands for Space. Acknowledgment of Receipt of Demand. General Regulations of the Imperial Commission in French and English. List of Groups and Classes. Extract from Society of Arts Journal relative to the Exhibition. Description and arrangement of the proposed Building. Appendix (Q.) to Mr. Cole's Report. 187 Plan of the Building and Park, Arrangements for Machinery Gallery. Lists of Committees. Notice relative to History of Labour Exhibition. Refreshment, Reading, and Retiring Rooms. Arrangements for Gallery of History of Labour. Products of Agriculture and Industry, Live Specimens, &c. Refreshment and other Contracts for the benefit of Visitors. Translation of Circular addressed by Imperial Commission to Owners of Erench Works of Art. Circular relative to Horticulture. Demands for Space. Navigation, &c. Demands for Space. Painting and Drawing. Demands for Space. Sculpture. Demands for Space. Engravings, &c. Regulations for Fine Art Section. Demands for Space. Architecture. Exhibition of Periodical Literature. Circular relative to Refreshments. j Order by Minister of Agriculture, &c. j to reduce prices for Railway transit. | Allotment of Space. Regulations of Imperial Commission respecting Rewards and Juries. Regattas on the Seine. Suggestions relative to Glass Cases, &c. Demand for Space. Stained Glass. Apparatus and Processes for Heating and Lighting. General Programme of Horticultural Exhibition. Decisions of the Sub-Committees for the Admiralty, Trinity House, &c., Marine Engineering, Yachts, &c. Mercanrile Marine. Memorandum upon proposed Diorama. Circular relative to Testing House. Implements and processes of Culture to be used at Billancourt. Circular to Manufacturers of Turret- Clocks, Chimes and Bells. Circular to Manufacturers of Light¬ ning-Conductors, Railway-Signals. List of Exhibitors to whom Space has been allotted. Circular relative to Exhibition of Testimonials, Racing Cups, Plate, & c. Plan of proposed Kitchen Buildings. Notice to Exhibitors relative to trans¬ mission of goods. Information for Exhibitors of Ma¬ chinery. Horticultural demand for Space. General Section of Machinery Gallery. Notice relative to Blinds. Arrangements for Catalogue. Special Jury for New Order of Re¬ ward. General Regulations with reference to Billancourt Exhibition. Transport of Goods. Application for Space at Billancourt. Notice to Exhibitors relative to cor¬ respondence. Circular relating to New Order of Reward. Notice to Exhibitors as to labelling. Tabulated Statement of British Colonies exhibiting. Directions for packing Paintings. Report of number of Exhibitors in each class. Exhibition of 1867 compared vrith 1855. Return of prices for the conveyance of Goods to Paris by various Routes. Explanations with reference to various editions of Catalogue. List of Persons wishing to act as I Agents. Abstract of Returns of proposed contributions from British Colonies. Translation of Circular of Imperial Commission relative to Agricul¬ tural Exhibitions. Special Notice to Exhibitors relative to completion of their Fittings. Special Notice to Exhibitors trans¬ mitting “Bulletin justificatif.’' Memorandum for the use of British Jurors. Functions of Delegates. Fire arrangements. I Lists of British Jurors, Associate Jurors, and Delegates. ! List of Colonial Commissioners. British Excutive Staff before and after the opening of the Exhibition. J Memorandum relative to Excursions I of Artisans, &c. to Paris. Programme of Apparatus exhibited in action in Testing House. I List of Public Buildings at Paris and Neighbourhood open free during the Exhibition. Closing of the Exhibition. Notice t [ Exhibitors. i Caution to British Exhibitors. Notice to Exhibitors relative to award or j Medals. List of printed papers. 188 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION 1867. Return showing the Number of Letters despatched and received by the British Commission. Letters despatched. Letters received. Yeak. Month. General. Imperial Com¬ mission. Fine Arts. Jury. Testing House. Machi¬ nery in Motion. Total. London. Paris. Total, London. Paris. London. Paris. London. & London. _ pA PH London. Paris. London. Paris. London, j Paris. 1865 Feb. 1 1 Mar. 5 4 April 10 90 May 21 2 42 June 19 1 46 July 12 2 16 Aug. 9 2 11 Sept. 18 1 26 Oct. 42 1 285 Nov. 118 4 364 Doc. 32 2 276 287 15 .. 1 302 1,161 1,161 1866 Jan. 78 3 I 535 Feb. 140 9 ' L775 Mar. 227 4 .. 1 730 April 225 9 674 May 167 2 .. 1 567 235 1 761 July 247 4 .. Aug. 445 10 14 , 1,815 Sept. 283 20 9 473 Oct. 474 16 15 11,014 Nov. 587 12 59 59 j 2,230 Dec. 834 20 64 .. 6 87 1 •• 2,246 3,942 114 123 .. 6 1 ” 184 4,369 13,943 13,943 1867 Jan. 1,053 454 9 678 11 104 96 2 3,473 557 Feb. 712 768 9 15 408 27 120 49 3,185 1,852 Mar. 364 938 5 18 27 90 84 66 2,947 4,093 April 66 468 6 71 19 60 46 ! •• 262 1,888 May 48 545 38 62 18 ! •• , , 56 1,238 June 47 582 22 i 84 5 1,187 July 69 512 15 39 12 2 108 1,161 Aug. 48 465 13 30 15 4 210 763 Sept. 55 243 15 # # , , 15 11 131 363 Oct. 91 371 7 2 20 ** 191 514 Nov. 222 168 4 J * .. 24 , , 645 1,162 Dec. 343 6 .. 4 1,233 3,118 5,514 29 224 1,113 l 147 •• 604 176 198 4,583 6,541 12,441 14,778 27,219 1868-9 Jan. lb ’68 to f 1,819 6 1,825 4,916 May I ’69. ; 1865 287 15 .. 302 1,161 1866 3,942 114 123 6 184 4,369 13,943 1867 3,118 5,514 29 224 11,113 i 147 604 176 198 4,583 6,541 12,441 14,778 1868-9 1,819 | 6 .. 1,825 4,916 9,166 1 5,514 164 224 1,236 1 il 153 1 604 360 1 198 11,079 6,541 32,4611 14,778 k_ j A _ ) 1 V_ v_ _ ) 14,680 388 j 1,237 153 604 558 17,620 47,239 1 189 Appendix ( Q .) to Mr. Cole’s Report. Comparative Statement showing the Number of Letters and Documents registered and the Number of Letters written by the British Commission with reference to the Exhibitions of 1867 and 1855. — Number of Letters and Documents registered. Number of Letters written. j 1867 - - -i 47,239 17,620 1855 - - - 19,323 4,900 Excess in 1867 27,913 1 12,720 APPENDIX (R) Return of the Number of Persons visiting France via the under-mentioned Railways during the Year 1867, as compared with those travelling in 1866. Railway. South - eastern Railway. London & South¬ western Rail¬ way. London, Bright¬ on, and South Coa st Rail way. London, Chat¬ ham, andDover Railway. Excursions. 1 No. in 1 ; 1866. No. in 1867. j 68,066 ' 119,373 35,155 84,636 1 12,419 ! 1 : 27,321 | r p. t 20,000 115,640 251,330 Remarks. Showing an increase in 1867 of 51,287 passengers. No return received. By Mail Trains. Special Cheap Night Trains. Special Workman’s Trains, j Special Excursion Trains. 1866. 1867. 1866. 1867. 1866. j 1867. 1866. j 1867. 8,478 12,667 Nil. 12,041! Nil. 2,613 3,941 j Nil. With the exception of about 100, this number of persons travelled by the London, Brighton, and I South Coast Railway and the Western of France, via Newhaven and Dieppe. In the 20,000 is included 1,596 passes issued by Mr. Layard’s Paris Excursion Committee. Total APPENDIX (S.) Abstract of Prices for the Conveyance of Goods from London to the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. Including Collection in London. Delivery in the Exhibition Building, and all Expenses of Transit except Insurance. 190 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. rp . o3 ft n2'S|aff f f £ &<>. a ^ ft gj §§ . rt d"w >a O TO O c 3 g fc g,^®| ftfe^ r| ir w 2 o O m ^ „S ..d uni ^ .8f ft ft ft © a ftrgftft £§.§1 oftoft e3 fl c3 rt _ Pft ftp r^OtOOOOtOOOtO® „«>• oo os oo o ec >h ^ sq Co r—i rH rH rH rH c^o^cM© 2 ft^ftft*, 5 H 1/ B © g< © g. 53 fl c3 d . Pft ftd (OWNOHOlsOOfl £ H rH OHoooffio^sqooo © r-l rH rH p, cosooqcqoqoqoqeqcocoSC to to t-fr. Qi oq *4 ©"S © © a i I? bC® m 0? OM S_ ft sc c3 4 ^ © ©-p; g o © O © ft c3 Aft £ ft 60045 ft r ■ d rrj .-^ S3 • <& en d m I gooO I ftp® 3 Jj H 'lffl11 : Q -3 1 23 ft ft £P . 00 W ^g—B ! m ^ i § fcnMftrg ®.g c s 0 r*-3 M S O O Riibrr? 5 £ W — v? S ^ SO s § 05 S ftft “ .2 be 3§ fi-g, • 'c3 § ^ p< ^ £^Jg§ I & 0 go •*<4 0 0 “ ft ft«2 e‘ w ^ s <33 c3 >> TO g !®ft I g £ s°l§ si 0 g r |«| ,£3 § "iS O ^ 08 OOOOOOO CO (M O W O 00 CM rH O'! 03 ©3 03 £>• o o cd co i—* rH ©3 o o CD CD rH rH CM I § £ '3 g'© * . <5 &.© 03 O bC'S, h H O 0 fi ■H>

^+3 jjj Illll .sgiS? i§aj£ g3 >fl ©" §&S t=t s OO'JOOOOO- HCO 115 10 IS ®© rH r-l rH eq 1-1 oq on sq oq aq go3 "-I be J S SH am 00 3 bn** <5 I* .(M**- >4H 6 C&C 0 111; ins- rr"7d .id ..rH S-d-2 © S« ft S c3 H H|cl HjC4 rlS« 55 10 00 rH 00 00 10 C5 rH 1 —I rH rH rH rH rH h? -51 «D hJ ^4 15 00 OOOOOOO + 3 + 3 + 3 +S 454345 Hl«rH|eMS» Hl« 50 Hfi 05 rH 05 oq 10 rH eq 513 tO lO 55 rH 00 rH rH rH rH rH cq oq hji oq 55 h? to o So a ft ft .5 'd S ' 1 - 1 d^d ftft 4 ^ m u h -a g © jr ^ O %%A !|1«S <-U !§ o. & E* (D s £ aft 7 00 PEh Appendix (T) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 191 APPENDIX (T.) Descriptive List of Blinds placed by the British Executive in the Windows of that Portion of the Machinery Gallery of the Paris Universal Exhibition allotted to Great Britain. Subject. Description. Size. Large Series. Steam Machinery Locomotives » ?? 5? Telegraphy Gas - Staffordshire Steam Navigation 55 " International Ex¬ hibitions. Penny Postage - Steam Pumping - Carding Machinery I Spinning Machine I Watt’s first Sun and Planet Engine in 1788, by which rectilineal was converted into rotary motion for the purposes of driving machinery. “ Puffing Billy,” made by Wm. Hedley in 1813, to work the Wylam Collieries. The first loco¬ motive engine with smooth wheels. “ The Sanspareil,” made by Timothy Hack- worth, ran in the competition on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1829. “ The Novelty,” made by Messrs. Braithwaite and Ericsson, ran in the competition on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, 1829. “ The Rocket,” made by Geo. Stephenson in 1829, gained the prize of 500/. in the Liver¬ pool and Manchester Railway competition. An instrument for transmitting through eight miles of wire signals by tension electricity. Invented by Mr. E. Ronalds, formerly of Hammersmith, 1816. An apparatus for transmitting signals by gal¬ vanic electricity. Invented by Cooke and Wheatstone in 1837. Gas Meter or Gauge, invented by Samuel Clegg, in 1815, and first used in the Peter Street Gas¬ works at Westminster. Manufactory, Cornish Clay Staffordshire Coal. Henry Bell’s Steam Boat, “ The Comet,” first navigated the Clyde in 1812 for passengers and goods, and introduced steam navigation into Europe. William Symington’s Paddle Wheel Engine, propelled a small double boat in Scotland in 1788. This was the first successful practical experiment in steam navigation. The first International Exhibition opened by Queen Victoria 1st May 1851. Receipts, 506,100/,; No. of visitors, 6,039,195. The International Exhibition of 1862 opened in London 1st May 1862. Receipts, 459,631/. ; No. of visitors, 6,211,103. Invented by Sir Rowland Hill, K.C.B. No. of letters in 1839, before penny postage, 82,470,596 ; No. of letters in 1866, 597,277,616. The remains of the first steam engine to which the separate condensor and air pump, invented by James Watt, were applied, 1777. The first Carding Engine made and worked by Richard Arkwright in 1769. First Spinning Machine made and worked by Richard Arkwright in 1769. r J co w List of blinds. 192 List of blinds. Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Subject. Description. Size. Small Series. Woollen Trade - There are 86,063 persons employed in the woollen trade ; the amount of wool grown in Great Britain is 152,000,000 lbs. ; 10,100,000 lbs. are exported annually. Glass Blowing - The towns of Newcastle-on-Tyne, South Shields, Stourbridge, Dudley, Liverpool, Bristol, and Warrington are celebrated for glass blowing, also to a less’ extent those of Leeds, London, and Manchester. Yachts In 1865 there were 30 yacht clubs in Great Britain and Ireland, with a fleet of 960 yachts. There are 13,289 miles of railway in Great Britain and Ireland. The total capital paid Railways - up to 1865 was 455,478,000/. Navigation - A Magnetic Needle was first used as a compass in 1300 by Flavio Gioja Di Amalfi. The number of steam ships belonging to Great Britain is 2,523, registering 766,200 tons. Becker, Geoffrey, Boerhaave, Black, Priestley, Celebrated Che- mists. Scheele, Cavendish, Lavoisier, Berthollet, Fourcroy, Richter, Dalton, Davy, Gay-Lussac, Thenard, Faraday, De la Rive, Liebig, Wohler, >; v- Laurent. 1 Iron Forging There are 100 tilts in Sheffield, giving occupa¬ [ s tion to 2,500 men. X Sugar In 1856, 6,813,000 lbs. of sugar were imported. SO In 1865, 7,112,772 lbs. of sugar were imported into Great Britain. (M O* Life Boats - There are 172 Life Boat establishments on the coast of England. In 1866, 921 lives were saved by the Life Boat Institution of England. Hackney Coaches Were first set up in London by Capt. Bailey in 1625. Berlin On the Spree, is the capital of Prussia. In 1861 the population was 547,571. Vienna On the Danube, is the capital of Austria. In 1857 the population was 553,970. Paris On the Seine, is the capital of France. In 1861 the population was 1,500,129. The number of Horses imported into the United Kingdom in 1865 was 1,332, of the value of 39,658/. The number exported was 4,400, of the value of 185,367/. Horses Celebrated Travel¬ Marco Polo, Nicholas Savary, Bruce, Ivampfer, lers. Mungo Park, Columbus, Beaumont, Chandler, Burkhardt, Clarke, Belzoni, De Lahande, J. Lander, R. Lander, Stephens, Humboldt, Baker, Ida Pfeiffer, Speke, Livingstone. Celebrated Philo¬ Aristotle, R. Bacon, Galileo, Paracelsus, Bacon, j sophers. Toricelli, Kepler, Tycho Brahe, Descartes, | J. Wallis, Boyle, Huyghens, Pascal, Marriotte, 1 Newton, Leibnitz, Lavoisier, Stahl, Playfair, Brewster. | J r Appendix (T.) to Mr. Cole’s Report 193 Subject. Celebrated Mathe¬ maticians. Celebrated Potters I ! Celebrated Bota¬ nists. Cutlery The Colonies and Dependencies of Great Britain, i Leather The Pisheries of Scotland and Ireland. Celebrated Print¬ ers. Music Description. Size. Archimedes, Euclid, ScipioFerrea, Cardan, John M Bernouilli, James Bernoulli, Mercator, Na- j pier, J. Wallis, Laplace, Euler, D’Alembert, j Lagrange, Clairaut, Taylor, Fontaine, De Morgan, Herschel, Lacroix, Playfair, Airy, Pierce. England.—Dwight, Wedgwood, Wall. France.—Bernard Brongniart Pallissy. Germany.—Hirschvogel, Wegeley, Bottcher, J Marcolini. Italy.—Luca della Bobbia, Maestro Gioi’gio, Orazio Fontana, Ginori. Switzerland.—Gide, Spain.—Haly. Portugal.—Rocha Soares, Pinto Basso. Holland.—Ter Himpelen,Gronsveldt-Diepenbroek! Austria.—Grassi, Moritz Fischer. Russia.—Eggelrecht. Pliny, Avicenna, Ottobrunsfels, Lobelius L’Ecluse, Turner, Morrison, Ray, Henshaw, Ilook, Malpighi, Tournefort, Linnaeus, Yon Haller, Jussieu, De Candolle, Endlicher, Meis- ner, Bindley, Dr. R. Brown. There are 100 grinders’ shops in Sheffield, giving occupation to 3,000 men. Their area is about 4,346,996 square miles, being j about one-third of the surface of the globe, [ and the population is 152,774,672, estimated as a fourth of the number of mankind. In l 1864 the exports were 56,349,140/., and the imports, 75,209,846/. In 1865, 43,000 cwts. of tanned leather, of the value of 409,000/., were exported from Great | Britain. 735,200 cwts., of the value of 3,073,000/. were imported. Number of fishermen annually employed, 84,430. Number of fishing boats at present in use, b o x b b 22,631. Great Britain.—Caxton, Wynkyn de Worde. Germany.—Faust, Gutemberg, Schoeffer. France.—Ulrich Gering, Henricus Stephanus. Italy.—Sweynheim and Paunartz, Aldus Ma- j nutius. Switzerland.—Heyle, Stairschawer. Spain.—Mathaeus Flandrus, Alfonso Fer¬ nandez. Portugal.—Raban, Eliezer. Ludivicus, Rodriguez. Holland.—Laurens, Foster. The Elzevirs. Austria.—Meyger, Winterberg. Belgium.—Colard, Mansion. Russia.—Ivan Matislavzof. Norway and Sweden.—Johannes Snell. Denmark.—Gothofridus de Ghemen. America.—Stephen Daye, Samuel Green. Tallis, Byrde, Farrant, Wilbye, Morley, Ben¬ nett, Weekes, Dowland, Walter Phillips, Bull, Orlando Gibbons, Rogers, Henry Lawes, Mathew Lock, Arne, Croft, Greene, Boyce, Shield, Dibdin, Bishop. List of blinds. 194 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. List of blinds. Subject. Description. British Posses¬ sions and their I areas in square I miles. British Posses¬ sions and their Populations. Celebrated Elec¬ tricians. Sedan Chairs Watches and Clocks. St. Petersburg - India, 1,004,616; Canada, 210,020 ; New Bruns¬ wick, 27,037 ; Nova Scotia, 18,671 ; Prince Edward Island, 2,173; Newfoundland, 40,200; British Columbia, 200,000 ; Bermuda, 24; Honduras, 13,500 ; Bahamas, 2,921; Jamaica, 6,400 ; Virgin Islands, 57 ; St. Christopher, 103 ; Nevis, 50 ; Antigua, 183 ; Monserrat, 47 ; Dominica, 291 ; St. Lucia, 250 ; St. Vin¬ cent, 131; Barbadoes, 166; Grenada, 133; Tobago, 97 ; Trinidad, 1,754 ; British Guiana, 76,000 ; Falkland Islands, 7,600 ; New South Wales, 478,861 ; Victoria, 86,944 ; South Australia, 300,000; Western Australia, 45,000; Tasmania, 22,629 ; New Zealand, 95,000; Queensland, 559,000; Hong Kong, 29 ; La- buan, 45 ; Ceylon, 24,700 ; Mauritius, 708 ; Natal, 14,397 ; Cape of Good Hope, 104,931 ; St. Helena, 47 ; Gold Coast, 6,000; Sierra Leone, 468; Gambia, 20; Gibraltar, If; Malta, 115. India, 143,271,120; Canada, 2,507,657; New Brunswick, 252,047 ; Nova Scotia, 330,857 ; Prince Edward Island, 80,857 ; Newfoundland, 122,638; British Columbia, 4,296 ; Bermuda, 11,451 ; Honduras, 25,635 ; Bahamas, 35,487; Turk’s Islands, 4,372; Jamaica, 441,264; Virgin Islands, 6,051 ; St. Christopher, 24,303; Nevis, 9,822 ; Antigua, 37,125 ; Montserrat, 7,645 ; Dominica, 25,666 ; St. Lucia, 27,480 ; St. Vincent, 31,755 ; Barbadoes, 152,727 ; Grenada, 32,984; Tobago, 15,410 ; Trinidad, 84,438; British Guiana, 155,026 ; Ealkland Islands, 624; New South Wales, 348,546 ; Victoria, 540,322 ; South Australia, 126,830 ; Western Australia, 15,593 ; Tasmania, 89,977 ; New Zealand, 139,968; Queensland, 30,115 ; Hong Kong, 123,511; Labuan, 3,345; Cey¬ lon, 2,079,881 ; Mauritius, 322,517 ; Natal, 340,102 ; Cape of Good Hope, 267,096 ; St. Helena, 6,860; Gold Coast, 151,346 ; Sierra Leone, 41,806; Gambia, 6,939 ; Gibraltar, 16,643; Malta, 143,970. Gilbert of Colchester, Otto von Guericke, E. Hawksbee, S. Gray, Dr. Wall, Nollet, Boze, Dufay, Winckler, Musschenbroek, Jallabert, Kleist, Sir W. Watson, Oersted, Ramsden, Volta, Galvani, Jacobi, Arago, Wheatstone. First introduced into England in 1581. They came into fashion in London in 1634, when Sir Francis Duncombe obtained the sole privi¬ lege to use, let, and hire them, and they came into general use in 1649. The annual value of watches and clocks imported into Great Britain is 473,753/.; of those ex¬ ported is 93,874/. St. Petersburg, on the Neva, is the capital of Russia. In 1858 the population was 550,341. 1 r Size. 22'6" x 10' 9". "Tmcent Bxoolts.Da.y & Son.Litk LOCOMOTIVES. “PUFFING BILLY' MADE BY WILLIAM HEDLEY IN MDCCCXIII TO WORK THE WYLAM COLLIERIES,-THE FIRST LOCO¬ MOTIVE ENGINE WITH SMOOTH WHEELS. Vin.c ent B r o oks, D aj- & S oa-TitE • j ' LOCOMOTIVES .. , TELECRAPHY. AN INSTRUMENT FOR TRANSMITTING, \ THROUGH 8 MILES OF WIRE, SIGNALS BY \ TENSION ELECTRICITY INVENTED BY M" F, RONALDS FORMERLY OF HAMMERSMITH IN MDCCCXVI. Tinceut Brooks,Da.j- &SoiL.Lifli GAS \ ^GAS-METER OR GAUGE INVENTED \ BY SAMUEL CLECC IN MDCCCXV \ AND FIRST USED IN THE PETER ST: Ymceut Brooks,Day &Son.,Litli. STEAM NAVIGATION. WILLIAM SYMINGTON’S PADDLE WHEEL ENC1NE. PROPELLED A SMALL DOUBLE BOAT IN SCOTLAND IN 1788. THIS WAS THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT IN STEAM NAVIGATION. Via c ent B r o oks ,D a.'v- &. S oru.Litb ■ ] -- - Ymce'e.tBrooits.Da'v Soxl, Tilth. CARDING MACHINERY. THE FIRST CARDINC ENGINE MADE & WORKED BY RICHARD ARKWRIGHT IN MDCCLX1X. SPINNING MACHINERY. FIRST SPINNING MACHINE MADE & WORKED BY RICHARD ARKWRIGHT, IN MDCCLXIX. . ’ . . .. ' . -- . - t ■ * Appendix (U.) to Mr. Golds Report 195 APPENDIX (U.) Address to the Associate Commissioners read by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on the lltli J anuary 1867. ]. Her Majesty’s Commissioners thank the Associate Commissioners for the suggestions they have made in recommending Jurors. They also thank the several Committees of the Associate Commissioners -who have frequently met in order to insure a proper representation of objects of Ancient Art, Modern Pictures, Engravings, various manufactures, Printing, Navigation, Munitions of War, &c. 2. Her Majesty’s Commissioners thank the Trustees of the British Museum, as well as those of other public institutions, for the readiness with which they have consented to lend objects necessary for completing the exhibition at Paris. 3. It has not been found necessary to ask for the services of the Associate Commissioners in several classes because the demands for space in those classes have greatly exceeded the amount that could be granted, and in respect of the classes for Agricultural Stock, action has been suspended by the Imperial Commission in consequence of the Cattle Plague. 4. A statement of the representation which each class appears likely to make in the Exhibition will be laid before the Associate Commissioners, and Her Majesty’s Commissioners will be glad to receive their assistance in supplying some few deficiencies. 5. Her Majesty’s Commissioners regret that the staple industry of Cutlery for which England is remarkable should at present appear to be most imper¬ fectly represented; it may be hoped that by the co-operation of the Associate Commissioners and the Master Cutler of Sheffield an adequate representation of that important branch of industry may be effected. 6. Notwithstanding this deficiency, Her Majesty’s Commissioners have the gratification of believing that, in ether respects, the United Kingdom, India, and the Colonies will be far more completely represented than in any previous International Exhibition. 7. A new and very important inquiry, namely, the effect on workmen of co-operation and benevolent associations throughout Europe, has been ori¬ ginated by the offer of prizes by the Imperial Commission.* To each Asso¬ ciate Commissioner has been sent a copy of the series of questions which it is desirable should be answered by persons or establishments in this country, and the Associate Commissioners will much promote this inquiry if they will assist in causing these questions to be filled up as extensively and as soon as possible. 8. It is the earnest wish of Her Majesty’s Commissioners that the example set by the French in 1862, of assisting foremen of works and artizans to study the Exhibition should be followed, and that the utmost facilities should be afforded to British workmen to visit and study the Paris Exhibition. Her Majesty’s Commissioners express a hope that the Associate Commissioners will, in con¬ cert with the Society of Arts, Municipal Authorities, and Chambers of Commerce throughout the country, be able to assist materially in promoting such visits. 9. The Executive Department of the British Section has provided offices for the transaction of business at 71, Avenue des Champs Ely sees, Paris, where the Associate Commissioners will be able to obtain information respecting the Exhibition, and facilities for visiting it. 10th January 1867. * The words of the Imperial Commission are as follow“ A distinct order of reward “ instituted in favour of persons, establishments, or localities which, by a special orga- “ nization or special institutions, have developed a spirit of harmony among all those “ co-operating in the same work and have provided for the material, moral, and intel- “ lectual well-being of the workmen.” -r 196 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. ♦ APPENDIX (V.) Inteknational Exhibitions. The following Memorandum was prepared and signed at Paris before the close of the Universal Exhibition, 1st November 1867. Memorandum sur res Expositions Universelles. L’importance extreme de perseverer dans la voie des Expositions Univer¬ selles, et plus encore la necessite imperieuse de developper leur utilite pratique tant au point de vue de la Science et de l’Art que de lTndustrie, imposent aux Commissaires etrangers soussignes, le devoir personnel de formuler ici, officieusement, avant la cloture de l’Exposition Universelle de 1867, les conclusions auxquelles ils sont arrives apres serieux examenn. I. Que l’utilite des Expositions Inter¬ nationales ne dependant pas de leur dimension mais bien de la qualite et du choix des produits exposes, on doit reprimer la tendance qu’ont les Expositions successives a se develop¬ per de plus en plus au point de vue de la superficie occupee. II. Qu’il est a desirer, qu’a l’avenir, es expositions soient tenus en diverses capitales en rotation. III. Qu’il est a desirer que le pays oil l’exposition aura lieu, fournisse en- tierement a ses fra is aux exposants internationaux un batiment approprie, completement termine et paracheve avec tous les accessoires necessaires pour le chargement et le decharge- ment, et peutetre meme avec les vitrines. IV. Qu’avant la promulgation du regle- ment general le project du dit regle- ment soit soumis aux Commissaires accredites des nations exposantes reunis a l’effet d’en discuter les de¬ tails ; que chaque pays soit represente par un commissaire ou par le meme nombre de commissaires ; que le pays ou se fera l’Exposition aura un droit de veto sur les decisions, et le pouvoir de limiter, l’etendue de l’Exposition, ainsi que le nombre des classes. Future International Exhibitions. The undersigned Foreign Commis¬ sioners* having considered the great importance of continuing Interna¬ tional Exhibitions, and the necessity of increasing their practical utility to Arts, Sciences, and Industry, have formed the following opinions on the subject of the management of future International Exhibitions, which they record, unofficially, before leaving Paris. I. That as the usefulness of Inter¬ national Exhibitions does not depend on their size, but on their selectness and quality, so the tendency to in¬ crease the size of each succeeding exhibition should be discouraged. II. That it is desirable that future exhibitions should be held in rotation in various capitals. III. That the country inviting the ex¬ hibition to be held should provide at its own risk a suitable building com¬ pletely finished in all respects, pro¬ vided with all conveniences for un¬ loading and loading, and supplied perhaps with sufficient glass cases. IV. That before any code of general regulations for the management of Exhibitions be promulgated, the Commissioners of each nation oc¬ cupying a given amount of space be assembled to discuss them, each na¬ tion having one representative or an equal number of representatives, but that the country inviting the Exhi¬ bition should have a veto on the de¬ cisions, and the power of limiting the extent of the Exhibition, and the number of classes to be shown. Named in order of seniority. Appendix (F) to Mr. Colds Report. 197 Y. Qu’au point de vue de la com- paraison des industries, la division par classes est, en principe, preferable a la division par nationality. YI. Qu’il est a desirer que sous aucun pretexte, quel qu’il soit, on ne pourra faire sortir de l’Exposition, aucun pro- duit expose pour le vendre et qu’on avisera a prendre toutes mesures res- trictives que necessaires pour empecher la transformation de l’Exposition en bazar. VII. Qu’il est necessaire d’augmenter, a l’avenir, le nombre de classes adoptees dans FExposition actuelle. VIII. Qu’il ne sera accorde aucune re¬ compense de quel genre que ce soit, mais que les rapports de chaque classe seront rediges et signes par un jury international, et que les dits rapports seront publies pendant FExposition, et aussitot que possible apres l’ouverture. IX. Que chaque pays exposant aura le droit d’envoyer un rapporteur pour chaque classe dans laquelle il aura expose. (Signed) Y. That in order to promote the com¬ parison of objects, the general principle of the arrangement be rather by classes than by nationalities. YI. That no objects be removed out of the Exhibition for the purposes of sale, and that means be taken to pre¬ vent its becoming a fair or bazaar. YII. That the number of classes adopted in the present Paris Exhibition be greatly increased in future Exhibi¬ tions. VIII. That no prizes of any kind be awarded, but that reports on every class be made and signed by an International Jury, which reports should be published during the Ex¬ hibition, and as soon as possible after the opening. IX. That each country, for every case in which it has exhibitors, be free to send one reporter for each class. Henry Cole, Executive Commissioner for the United Kingdom. Schaeffer, Commissioner for Austria. Herzog, Commissioner for Prussia. R. De Thal, Commissioner for Russia. Chiavarina, Commissaire General d’ltalie. N. M. Beckwith, Commissioner General for the United States. APPENDIX (W.) Summary of Documents relating to Legal Proceedings affecting International Interests in connexion with the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. (1.) General Report by Mr. Treitt, Avocat a la Cour Imperiale, Counsel to the British Embassy in Paris, and legal adviser to the British Executive for the Paris Exhibition. (2.) Terms of Catalogue Concession granted by the French Imperial Com¬ mission to Monsieur Dentu, Librarian and Publisher, Palais Royal, Paris. (3.) Terms of Advertising Concession granted by Imperial Commission to Monsieur Ber. a. Result of Monsieur Ber’s action against Messrs. Spiers and Pond, Refreshment Contractors. 1 . P General Report by- Mr. Treitt. Publication of catalogue, 198 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. (4.) Terms of Money Exchange Concession granted by Imperial Commission to Messrs. Lacour and De Miremont. a. Mr. Arthur’s Trial. b. Mr. Treitt’s Report. (5.) Terms of Chair Concession granted by Imperial Commission to Monsieur Bernard, by which the exclusive right to let chairs for the use of the public throughout the Exhibition was conceded to him. a. Result of action by M. Bernard against Imperial Commis¬ sion, and by which M. Bernard received 9,162/. with costs. (6.) Terms of agreement signed by Refreshment Contractors. (6a.) Result of Legal Proceedings taken by Foreign Refreshment Contractors, by which the Imperial Commission is sentenced to pay various sums amounting to 3,160/. (i-) Report of Monsieur Treitt, Avocat of the Corn* Imperiale,. Legal Adviser to the British Embassy, and to the Royal Commission for the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. To H. Cole, Esq., C.B., Secretary to the Royal British Commission for the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. Sir, I nAVE the honour to present to you my report upon the legal difficul¬ ties in which the Royal British Commission has been concerned during the Paris Universal Exhibition of 1867. I am too well aware of the innumerable necessities for which the French Imperial Commission has had to provide, to make any long complaint, in this place, that the disputes and litigation incident to every considerable enterprise were almost ignored in the organization and prospective measures of the Commission. This omission is sufficiently shown by the numerous law suits in which the Imperial Commission has been engaged, and is still prosecuting before the tribunals on questions of the greatest diversity. In the first place the French Imperial Commission committed the grave error of failing to notify to the foreign commissions the private arrangements intended to be effected with the object of farming (too profitably) the receipts of the Exhibition, more especially as regards the monopolies, all of which appear to have been granted after the establishment of relations between the foreign commissions and the Imperial Commission. These monopolies have been the subject of vexatious legal argument; they have provoked lively discussion between the Imperial Commission and the foreign commissions, and have occasioned general dissatisfaction. Never¬ theless, much good feeling, and a conciliatory spirit have been manifested on every side. The storms have subsided, and we may hope for the time when there will remain only the recollection of the splendour of this magnifi¬ cent international display. In the number of its exhibitors England was second to France alone, and it would not be matter for surprise, therefore, had the British Commis¬ sion incurred a considerable share of legal tribulation. But it is well known (and in saying this I have no desire to compliment either yourself or your colleagues), that to your moderation and firmness, as well as to the zeal of the British Commission in doing justice to all lawful interests, may be attributed an absence of important difficulties and prolonged embarrassments. One of the first lawsuits with which the Royal British Commission was threatened, and to which you were personally made a party, had reference to the publication of the catalogue; the fact being that in the interests of your nation alone, you had merely exercised a privilege recognized by express agreement. Legal proceedings were commenced in France and England. The French suit has been discontinued in consequence of the decision of the Imperial Appendix (IF.) to Mr. Coles Report 199 Court of Paris, declaring valid the monopoly of the catalogue, which had been granted to a French publisher. I do not know if yon are still subject to the proceedings in England which you were led to anticipate from letters addressed to you by the British publishers, who claimed to be assignees of the monopoly granted to the French publishers. The plaintiffs’ solicitors requested to be put in communication with your solicitor. As I have already stated, I am not aware what steps have been taken in England, but in any case the alleged assignees have, in my opinion, no good ground of action, and any claim which they might have had would certainly have been prejudiced by the tone of their correspondence. I may refer, in passing, to the writs and summonses served upon you by over-impatient contractors. Such matters have all been promptly arranged ; the officers of the British Commission having invariably dealt with the accounts in the most equitable manner, and in accordance with the tariffs agreed upon. We were also successful in respect of the difficulties arising from the failure of Messrs. Kirkland and Co., who occupied space in the English Department. The creditors will take all assets, and although some francs might possibly accrue to the British Commission as lessor of space, its claim in that capacity is not incontestable, and I am, therefore, unable to recommend proceedings, the cost of which would probably exceed any sum that may be recoverable. The essential point, however, was the recovery of all goods of value that had been lodged with Messrs. Kirkland and Co., by Dr. Forbes Watson, Commissioner for India, with whose co-operation this matter was arranged to our entire satisfaction. It was towards the close of the Exhibition that legal instruments became more numerous. You were several times summoned before a judge on motions for orders prohibiting the British Commission from allowing the removal of objects sent for exhibition which had been seized by the creditors of the exhibitors. Our uniform reply in Court was that the British Commission was neither the holder of these objects nor the debtor of the exhibitors, and that for these two reasons no seizure could be made while the objects were in its hands Consequently the British Commission could not be in any way joined in legal proceedings between the debtors and creditors. On each occasion the decision of the judge was in accordance with our plea. At the present there are three law suits still pending before the “ Tribunal de premiere instance de Paris.” lstly. Mr. Ber’s action against the British Commission. Mr. Ber alleges that he obtained (for the sum of 500,000 francs) from the Imperial Commission the exclusive right of publication and advertising both inside and outside the Exhibition building. On the ground of this privilege he brought an action against you to compel you to remove the blinds of the large windows in the English section, as these blinds contained inscriptions and names connected with industry, and thus constituted an advertisement and a means of publication conducing to the profit of English exhibitors. Mr. Ber claims damages for the loss sustained. The circumstances do not, in my opinion, afford any reliable grounds of action; there is no mutuality between Mr. Ber and the British Commission. It is to the Imperial Commission, from which his rights are derived, that Mr. Ber should look for redress. Supposing that the blinds in question afforded j ust cause of complaint, the Imperial Commission alone would be qualified to claim damages from the British Commission. The question of arrangement between Mr. Ber and the Imperial Commission has been several times mentioned, and should this be effected the suit will ipso facto determine, leaving Mr. Ber to regret his precipitancy in attacking you. 2ndly. The suit of M. Szerelmey, at present living in England, but, I believe, of Polish origin.—M. Szerelmey states that he is the inventor of a cement or solder for iron; that, with the help of his invention, he had con¬ structed a house, for the erection of which he claimed space in the park of the Exhibition ; that the British Commission granted this space to him, and then failed to place it at his disposal. M. Szerelmey accordingly claims 50,000 francs damages in consideration of the expense incurred by him in building p 2 General Report by Mr. Treitt. Messrs. J. M. John¬ son & Sons. Failure of Messrs. Kirkland and Co. M. Ber and advertise¬ ment con¬ cession {see page 5). M. Szerel- mey’s suit. 200 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. General Report by Mr. Treitt. Suit of Messrs. Ar¬ thur and Co. Money exchange {see page 9). Competency of french tribunals (seepage 12). and conveying the house into France, and of the loss which he has sustained through being unable to exhibit the product of his industry. This claim appears to me to be equally unfounded both in fact and law. If the British Commission did not provide the space demanded by M. Szerelmey, it was because that gentleman failed to present himself until the month of June. The British Commission promised the space subject to the condition that it should itself obtain space, and the space in question having been refused by the Imperial Commission, no responsibility in respect of it can attach to the British Commission. 3rdly. The suit of Messrs. John Arthur and Co.-—These are the only Englishmen who have taken proceedings against the British Commission. These gentlemen had established a money exchange office in the English department. The grantee of the monopoly of money-changing offices in the Exhibition commenced an action against them before the day of opening, appealing to the law that they should be ordered to close their office and pay damages for the wrong done. The British Commission had in like manner urged them, both verbally and officially, to comply with the grantee’s demand, but Messrs. John Arthur and Co. alleged that they derived their right from the Executive Commissioner of the British Commission, and they immediately vouched (appele en garantie) you before the court, demanding that the British Commission, instead of their firm, should be adjudged liable to the amount of the costs and damages which they might incur. On the other hand, the Imperial Commission was sued by the grantee of the monopoly of money exchange offices, in order to establish its liability for the infringement of his privilege,and to obtain indemnity. The Imperial Commission served a notice of this summons upon the British Commission, alleging that the latter had incurred liability for payment of all damages and costs by causing this suit, which would not have arisen but for the grant of the money exchange office to Messrs. Arthur and Co. Here the important question might have arisen, Whether the foreign com¬ missions were legally bound to submit to monopolies which had been created by the Imperial Commission subsequent to the organization of the other commissions, and whether these latter were not absolute in their respec¬ tive sections as long as they conformed to the general regulations which had been issued. This question Messrs. John Arthur and Co. were anxious to have raised on their behalf; they wished the British Commission to protect them against the grantee of the monopoly of money changing, but under these circumstances it was your duty not to afford them protection, for in doing so you would not ■have acted in accordance with the real facts of the case. You did not grant Messrs. John Arthur and Co. authority to estaDlish a money-changing office; you merely authorized them to hold an office for inquiries. The exchange of money was a usurpation on their pert. Your task would have been a hard one if it were incumbent upon you to take legal action in every case of encroach¬ ment. Messrs. John Arthur and Co. have been very loud in their recrimina¬ tions, so much the more that they can adduce no proof of the authority which they allege, while on the other hand there are written documents in existence proving that at the very time when Messrs. John Arthur and Co. were opening their money-changing office you were refusing permission to do so to other firms for the purpose of avoiding a collision with the Imperial Commission. These gentlemen, in my opinion, are altogether wrong in persisting in groundless allegations which cannot be sustained before the courts. Such is the aspect of this last case. But, in accordance with a resolution passed by the British Commission, we deny the competency of the French tribunals to adjudicate with reference to the British Commission. Indeed, from whatever point of view we may con¬ sider the status of a foreign commission to the Universal Exhibition, such a commission can only be regarded as the delegate of its Sovereign. The foreign commissions were appointed by their respective governments at the request of the French government. The latter, in the official correspondence which has taken place on the subject, has requested the nomination of autho¬ rities charged with the duty of superintending the exhibition of their own national products. These authorities, as envoys of their respective governments, Appendix (W.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 201 represent those governments, and are accountable to them for the execution of general their instructions. If, then, the foreign commissions are the delegates of Mr^Treitt. their Sovereigns, they are no more accountable to French courts of justice than the Sovereigns themselves. The principles of national independence do not allow of one Sovereign being summoned before the judges of another. This principle of international jurisprudence is indisputable. It is impossible, moreover, that any sensible man could suppose that the foreign commissions, presided over as they were by princes of the blood royal or ambassadors, had come into France to submit to legal proceedings, at the instance either of their own countrymen or of others. This, doubtless, is only a consideration of fact, but it adds to the force of the law. For these and other reasons it has been decided to meet the plaintiffs with a plea of exception to the jurisdiction of the French courts. This course is certainly not adopted through mistrust. The British Commission entertains the highest respect for the French judges, but it is a question of the principle which assures the independence of the respec¬ tive Sovereigns. Suppose, now, that a foreign commission, in defence of some one of its acts, were to be summoned before French tribunals, and were to plead in justifica¬ tion orders emanating from its own government, would the judges be justified in criticizing these orders, and condemning the commission in the face of orders which had been received and executed ? Evidently not ; the rules of international law do not admit of such a course. French jurisprudence affords several instances of the application of rules relative to the independence of foreign potentates before the tribunals of France. But I am entering upon a discussion which is perhaps hardly within the scope of this report. I conclude with the hope that the “ Tribunal de la Seine ” will declare itself incompetent, and will refer the plaintiffs to those judges whose duty it is to take cognizance of their suits. In my opinion, the English judges alone are competent, just as the French judges adjudicate in suits against the French Commission, to whom the Imperial government delegated its power. You are now informed, Sir, of the present position of the proceedings to which you have had to submit in France, and that, notwithstanding your departure, your troubles are not yet ended. The case of Messrs. John Arthur and Co. will be taken first, and I think very shortly. If our pleas of incompetence are admitted by the court in the first case, they will be equally tenable in the other cases, and the whole matter will thus very shortly be terminated, unless one or other of the parties concerned should interpose an appeal, and in that case we should not obtain a definitive decision in less than a year. I shall accordingly have the honour of completing this report at a later date, and in the meantime I shall consider it my duty to make you constantly acquainted with the progress of the proceedings. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your very obedient servant, (Signed) Treitt, Avocat a la Cour Imperiale, Conseil a l’Ambassade 2nd January 1868. Britannique a Paris. ( 2 .) Contract between the Imperial Commission for the Universal Exhibition of 1867 and M. Dentu for the Production of the Catalogue. Extracted from the Report of the Proceedings of the Trial between M. Dentu and M.M. Lebigre-Duquesne, the Imperial Commission intervening. Terms of M. Dentil's Concession . Exposition Universelle de 1867. Commission Impel tale. “ Entre le conseiller d’Etat, commissaire general de l’Exposition universelle M. Dentu’s de 1867, agissant au nom de la commission imperiale, d’une part ; concession. 202 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Catalogue “ Et M. Dentu, libraire-editeur, demeurant a Paris, galerie d’Orleans concession. Palais _ Royalj d’autre part } “ Ont ete faites les conventions suivantes: “ Art. l er .—La Commission imperiale concede a M. Dentu le droit exclusif d’imprimer et de vendre le Catalogue officiel de VExposition universelle de 1867. “ Art. 2.—Le Catalogue se composera de 10 livraisons, aumoins d’apres la division adoptee par la Commission imperiale. “ L’editeur pourra se refuser a inserer dans le catalogue les documents qui rendraient obligatoire le paiement du timbre sur les Catalogues par groupes ou par livraisons. “ Le concessionnaire devra tenir a la disposition du public des Catalogues generaux et des Catalogues par groupes ou par livraisons. “ Art. 3.—Le prix de vente ne devra pas exceder les limites du tarif sui- vant: u Catalogue general cartonne: 6 fr.; “ Catalogue general broche: 5 fr. ; “ Catalogue des ceuvres d’art, broche: 1 fr. 50 cent. ; “ Catalogue de l’histoire du travail, broche: 1 fr.; “ Les autres livraisons brochees: 50 centimes. “ Les prix de vente devront etre marques sur les couvertures de chaque Catalogue. “ Le concessionnaire pourra tenir a la disposition du public soit des Cata¬ logues complets cartonnes, soit des livraisons ou groupes egalement cartonnes. “ Art. 4.—Le format adopte pour les Catalogues est le format grand in-18 jesus. “ Le papier qui sera employe pour l’impression du texte fourni par la Com¬ mission devra etre de tous points semblable au specimen annexe au present traite. “ Art. 5.—Le concessionnaire aura le droit de joindre au Catalogue general dix feuilles d’annonces et de renseignements servant a la publicite ; il pourra egalement annexer aux Catalogues par groupes ou livraisons des annonces et renseignements dont le nombre total ne pourra exceder quarante feuilles d’im- pression grand in-18 jesus. Cinq pages de la couverture, et des gardes soit du Catalogue general, soit des Catalogues par livraisons, ainsi que le dos, pourront etre egalement consacres a la publicite. “ Art. 6.—Les annonces ou les renseignements devront, dans le catalogue general, etre inseres apres chaque groupe; dans les catalogues par livrai¬ sons ou groupes, les annonces et les renseignements seront places a la fin du cahier. “ Les annonces et renseignements seront toujours imprimes sur papier sans pagination ou avec pagination distincte. “ Les annonces et renseignements pourront etres illustres. “ Art. 7.—Le concessionnaire composera le catalogue en caracteres tels que le nombre des pages, pour le texte fourni par la Commission imperiale, ainsi que le texte du catalogue, ne depasse pas vingt-sept feuilles d’impression de trente- six pages chacune. “ Toutefois, il devra soumettre a Papprobation du commissaire general le choix de son caractere qui, dans aucun cas, ne pourra etre lus fin que celui ci-joint (corps 6), quelle que soit l’etendue du texte fourni par la Commission imperiale. “ Art. 8.—Le texte et la disposition du catalogue seront fournis gratuite- ment au concessionnaire par la Commission imperiale, laquelle se reserve le droit le plus etendu de corrections et de surcharges, a la charge par elle de foumir le dernier bon a tirer au plus tard, le l er mars prochain. “ Aucun tirage ulterieur ne devra etre fait sans le bon a tirer du commissaire general, qui devra indiquer toutes les corrections qu’il jugerait convenable dans les trois jours qui suivront la declaration faite par le concessionnaire de son intention de proceder a un nouveau tirage. Passe ce delai, le concessionnaire sera libre de ne pas modifier le tirage. “ Aucune modification au texte fourni par la Commiss on ne pourra etre faite sans l’autorisation ecrite du commissaire general. Appendix ( W.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 203 “ La premiere portion du texte sera remise au concessionnaire le l er octobre, Catalogue au plus tard, la derniere, le 15 fevrier. La Commission imperiale echelonnera Concession, aussi regulierement qu’elle le pourra la remise de la copie entre ces deux dates. “ De son cote, le concessionnaire devra, au plus tard, a partir du l er no- vembre, fournir epreuve de la premiere portion du texte, et echelonner la livraison des epreuves smvantes a dix jours d’intervalle de la remise du texte* “ Art. 9.—Chaque Commission etrangere pourra editer un catalogue special Catalogues de l’exposition de son pays, dans sa langue nationale. En aucun cas, la vente j^y foreign des catalogues etrangers reunis ne sera autorisee. Commis- " Pour publier et vendre les traductions fra^aiises de ces catalogues, les sions. commissions etrangeres devront s’entendre avec le concessionnaire. Pour les pays dont la langue nationale est le franqais, il leur sera interdit de faire figurer dans leur catalogue des annonces de personnes domiciliees en France. “ Le concessionnaire pourra extraire du catalogue general un catalogue special a la France, et y faire figurer quatre feailles d’annonces et renseigne- ments qui pourront etre illustrees. “ Art. 10.—Comme suite indispensable de la dite publication, la Commission imperiale concede egalement a M. E. Dentu le droit exclusif d’imprimer et de vendre le Catalogue officiel contenant le nom des exposants qui obtiendront des recompenses a l’Exposition de 1867. Le texte en sera egalement fourni au concessionnaire, qui aura la faculte de faire figurer dans ce Catalogue cinq feuilles consacrees a la public ite, lesquelles pourront aussi etre illustrees. Le dit catalogue se publiera dans le format in-18 jesus. “ Art. 11.—La Commission imperiale accorde egalement a M. E. Dentu le droit exclusif de publier et de vendi e un Plan indicateur de VExposition, dont elle donnera gratuitement le modele. “ Le concessionnaire en fixera le format et le prix. Des annonces, illus¬ trees ou non, pourront aussi figurer sur la couverture, les gardes, et le dos du plan indicateur. “ Art. 12.—Le concessionnaire ne pourra ceder ses droits sans le consente- ment de la Commission imperiale. “ Art. 13.—La Commission imperiale s’engage a n’autoriser la vente d’aucun ouvrage on publication contenant des annonces autres que le Catalogue de libraire de l’editeur. “ Elle s’engage a n’autoriser la vente d’aucun plan indicateur autre que celui concede a M. E. Dentu par le present traite. “ Toutefois, la vente des journaux et publications periodiques est expresse- ment reservee. “ La vente des journaux ou publications faits en vue de l’Exposition ne pourra etre autorisee par la Commission imperiale qu’avec le consentement du cessionnaire. “ Art. 14.—Toute facilite sera donnee au concessionnaire pour 1’organisa- tion de la vente du Catalogue general et du Catalogue par livraisons, ainsi que pour celle du Plan indicateur et du Catalogue officiel des exposants recom¬ penses, dans Pinterieur de l’Exposition et dans son enceinte sans que lui ou. ses agents puissent etre, sous aucun pretexte, assujettis a un paiement de droit d’entree. “ Par contre, le concessionnaire devra se soumettre aux mesures d’ordre et de police generales. “ Art. 15.—En cas de faillite ou de deces du concessionnaire, la Conmiission imperiale se reserve le droit de pourvoir immediatement a l’execution du service en prenant aussitot possession de tout le materiel employe a l’entreprise, s’engageant, bien entendu, a sauvegarder les ayants-droit ou heritiers, et a leur rendre compte* de cette gestion au plus tard dans les deux mois qui suiv- ront la cloture de l’Exposition. “ Art. 16.—Le concessionnaire devra, a partir du jour de l’ouverture de l’Ex- position etjusqu’au jour de la fermeture, subvenir a tous les besoins de la vente du catalogue. Au cas contraire, et a moins d’un cas de force majeure, la Commission imperiale se reserve d’y pourvoir comme elle l’entendra, conforme- ment a l’article 15 du present traite. “ Art. 17.—En echange des concessions a lui faites, M. E. Dentu s’engage a payer a la Commission imperiale une somme de cinq cent trois mille francs (503,000 francs) de la maniere suivante: 204 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Catalogue Concession. Advertise¬ ment Con¬ cession. M. Ber. “ Cent trois mille francs, le 20 octobre 1866. “ Au cas ou le concessionnaire ne ferait pas ce premier versement, il serait dechu de tous les droits a lui concedes par le present traite. “ Cent mille francs, le 20 mars 1867 ; “ Cent mille francs, le 5 mai 1867 ; “ Cent mille francs, le 5 juillet 1867 ; “ Cent mille francs, le 5 septembre 1867. “ Au cas ou le concessionnaire n’effectuerait pas un de ces derniers paie- ments dans les delais presents, la Commission imperiale userait du droit que lui concede Part. 15 du present traite, en sauvegardant, bien entendu, autant qu’elle le pourrait, les interets du concessionnaire. “ Paris, le 15 septembre 1866. “ Approuve l’ecriture, “ E. Dentu. “ Approuve l’ecriture, “ Le Plat. “ Yu et approuve conformement a la deliberation de la Commission imperiale, en date du 23 aout 1866. “ Le ministre d’Etat, vice-president, “ E. Rouher.” -- s=■’ N.B.—The terms of this concession were never communicated to the British. Commission, although Art. 9 refers specifically to international rights. (3.) TERMS OF ADVERTISING CONCESSION GRANTED BY IMPERIAL COMMISSION TO MONSIEUR BER. COMMISSION IMPERIALE. Cahier des Charges, Clauses et Conditions auxquelles seront adjugees les surfaces destinees a l’affichage mural de 1’Exposition Universelle de 1867, au Champ de Mars. Article l er .—La Commission Imperiale concede a un seul adjudicataire Pentreprise de l’affichage mural de PExposition au Champ de Mars. La dite concession ne comprend point les entreprises de publicite autres que l’af- fichage mural, ces entreprises (publicite faite sur le Catalogue, prospectus, medailles, &c.) demeurent la libre propriete de la Commission imperiale. Art. 2.—L’affichage mural qui fait l’objet de la dite concession aura lieu sur la paroi exterieure de la cloture en planches entourant le Champ de Mars, sur les parois interieures et exterieures des planches formant cloture et situees sous les Marquises de la porte Rapp et de la porte Suffren, ainsi que sur les parois interieures et exterieures des panneaux dont est compose le chemin cou- vert qui conduit de la Gare au Palais. Art. 3.—La superficie des surfaces fournies a l’adjudicataire est environ la suivante : Parois de cloture sour la Marquise de la m.c. porte Rapp, interieures et exterieures, sept cent metres carres - 700.00 Parois. de la cloture sous la Marquise de la porte Suffren, inte¬ rieures et exterieures, cinq cent metres carres - 500.00 Panneaux du chemin couvert interieurs et exterieurs, seize cents metres carres ------- 1,600.00 Paroi exterieure de la cloture du Champ de Mars, quatre mille deux cent metres carres ------ 4,200.00 Total, sept mille metres carres - 7,000.00 Art. 4.—La Commission imperiale concede, en outre, a l’adjudicataire dix emplacements de un metre carre chacun, dont la situation dans le pare sera ulterieurement determinee. Sur chacun de ces emplacements, l’adjudicataire elevera a ses frais un kiosque lumineux d’apres les plans qui auront du etre 205 Appendix (TF.) to Mr . Coles Report. approuves par la Commission imperiale. L’eclairage de ces kiosques sera fourni par l’adjudicataire. L’exploitation de l’affichage lumineux sur les parois des dits kiosques appartiendra a l’adjudicataire; celui-ci abandonnera l’exploitation de l’interieur des kiosques a la Commission imperiale qui pourra y installer telle industrie qu’il lui conviendra. Art. 5.—Dans le cas ou par une cause quelconque, les sept mille metres carres mentionnes a l’article 3 ci-dessus ne pourraient etre integralement livres a l’adjudicataire, il serait fait une diminution proportionnelle dans le prix total porte en la soumission, mais aucune indemnite ne serait due a l’adjudicataire a titre de dommages-interets. Au contraire, si la superficie des emplacements ci-dessus designes vient a exceder sept mille metres carres, ou si de nouvelles surfaces d’affichage se presentent, la Commission Imperiale pourra les mettre a la disposition de l’ad- judicataire, mais sera seule juge de l’opportunite de cette livraison. Ces surfaces, dans les cas oil elles ne seraient pas concedees a l’adjudicataire, ne constitueront pas l’objet d’une nouvelle concession faite a un adjudicataire concurrent. Art. 6. —Les plans des surfaces d’affichage seront delivres a l’adjudicataire a mesure qu’ils auront ete arretes par la Commission Imperiale. L’adjudi¬ cataire ne pourra etendre son affichage au dela des emplacements qui lui auront ete ainsi determines, et cela sous peine d’une amende de cinq cents francs payable dans les liuit jours et sans prejudice de l’enlevement de l’affiche frauduleusement apposee. Art. 7.—L’epoque a laquelle les surfaces d’affichage seront livrees a l’adju- dicataire pour y apposer ses affiches sera ulterieurement determinee par la Commission Imperiale. Cette epoque sera de deux mois anterieure au jour de l’ouverture de l’Exposition, sans toutefois que la Commission Imperiale soit redevable a l’adjudicataire d’aucune indemnite ou cas de retard apporte a cette livraison. Art. 8.—Aucune affiche ne devra etre de nature a porter atteinte a la morale publique. L’affichage sera fait avec le luxe et le bon gout que l’on rencontre dans les plus belles affiches. Toute initiative est laissee en ce point a l’adjudicataire. La Commission Imperiale se reserve le seul droit de faire deplacer, modifier ou enlever les affiches dont la situation, la forme, l’aspect, la confection ou le libelle ne lui paraitraient pas convenables. Art. 9. —L’adjudicataire reste soumis aux lois et decrets qui reglementent la matiere de la publicite. II exploitera l’entreprise a ses risques et profits en se conformant aux dis¬ positions du present cahier des charges. II est seul responsable vis-a-vis de ses abonnes, et la Commission Imperiale ne pourra etre recherchee pour quelle cause que ce soit provenant de l’ex» ploitation. Art. 10.— La Commission Imperiale se reserve le droit de poser les affiches concernant son service sur les surfaces non concedees, et cela sans indemnite ni redevances donnees par elle a l’adjudicataire. Art. 11. —L’adjudicataire ne pourra ceder son droit a l’entreprise d’affich¬ age sans le consentement de la Commission Imperiale et avant que la Com¬ mission imperiale n’ait agree le successeur presente. Art. 12.— L’adjudicataire se soumet aux reglements qui seront ulterieurement publies par la Commission Imperiale pour les details du service et la police de l’Exposition. Art. 13. —L’adjudicataire deposera au credit fancier, dans les quinze jours qui suivront la notification a lui faite de l’adjudication, un cautionnement d’une valeur de cinquante mille francs (50,000 f.) Ce cautionnement sera constitue soit en numeraire, soit en rentes sur l’etat ou autres valeurs agrees par la Commission Imperiale. S’il est constitue en numeraire, il portera interet en faveur de l’adjudicataire au taux servi par le credit foncier pour les sommes deposees dans ses caisses en compte courant. S’il est constitue en rentes ou valeurs, l’adjudicataire en touchera les arrerao-es apres qu’il aura satisfait au dernier paiement de la redevance a payer a la Co'in- mission Imperiale. Advertise¬ ment Con¬ cession. Advertise¬ ment Con¬ cession. M. Ber’s ac¬ tion against Messrs. Spiers and Pond. 206 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Le cantionnement sera restitue dans les huit jours qui suivront la cloture de PExposition, sur le vu d’un certificat delivre par le Commissaire General con- statant que l’adjudicataire a fidelement rempli ses engagements. Art. 14.—Le paiement du montant de la soumission sera fait en trois termes, le premier quart sera verse avant le premier Janvier mil huit cent soixante sept, le deuxieme quart avant le l er Avril de la dite annee. Les deux premieres sommes porteront interet a trois pour cent (3 0 / o ) en faveur de l’adjudicataire depuis le jour de leur versement jusqu’au premier Avril mil huit cent soixante sept. Art. 15.—Les delais mentionnes au precedent article, ainsi que celui du depot de cautionnement sont de rigueur. Tout retard apporte dans l’un des versements donne a la Commissione Imperiale le droit de resilier le traite et: de pourvoir a l’exploitation par tels moyens qui lui conviendront. Dans ce cas, le cautionnement mentionne a Particle 13 reste acquis a la Commission Imperiale a titre de dommages interets. Le materiel de l’affichage, toiles, cadres, &c. devra etre enleve par l’adjudi- cataire dans le mois qui suivra la cloture de PExposition. Art. 16.—-Dans le cas ou l’adjudicataire ne se serait pasconforme a Particle 14 du cahier des charges, qui determine les epoques de paiement de la rede- vance, la Commission Imperiale aura le droit ou de lui appliquer les dispositions de Particle 15 du dit cahier des charges, ou d’exiger que toutes les sommes ou valeurs provenant de son entreprise soient versees dans la Caisse de la Com¬ mission. Afin de mettre a meme la Commission de profiter de cette derniere hypo- these, tous les traites passes entre l’adjudicataire et les tiers qui voudront profiter de cette publicite seront nuls, s’ils n’ont ete revetus de la signature du Receveur des finances, charge de la direction des services de la Comptabilite et de la Caisse de la Commission Imperiale ou de son delegue. Cette clause a pour but de garantir les interets financiers de la Commission Imperiale et d’assurer la convenance de PAfhchage Mural. Elle devra etre reproduite sur tous les traites afin que nul des interesses ne puisse l’ignorer. Eait a Paris le 11 Juin 1866. Le Conseiller d’Etat Commissaire General, (signe) Le Play. Yu et approuve: Le Ministre d’Etat, Vice-President de la Commission Imperiale, (signe) Rouher. Je soussigne declare avoir pris connaissance du present Cahier des Charges et me soumettre a toutes les clauses et conditions qu’il renferme. (signe) Ernest Ber. (3a.) Result of Monsieur Ber’s Action against Messrs. Spiers and Pond, Refreshment Contractors, British Side. Extract from the Gazette des Tribunaux, du 1 Mai 1868. M. Ernest Ber avait fonde de grandes esperances sur les murailles du palais du Champ de Mars, a PExposition universelle de 1867. II s’etait rendu adju- dicataire de “ l’affichage mural ” avec toutes ses dependances. Dans Particle 5 du cahier des charges contenant les clauses et conditions imposees par la Com¬ mission imperiale, il etait dit que, “ si la superficie des emplacements designes “ yient a exceder 7,000 metres carres, ou si de nouvelles surfaces d’afiichage “ se presentent, la Commission imperiale pourra les mettre a la disposition de “ l’adjudicataire ; mais elle sera seule juge de l’opportunite de cette livraison ; {< ces surfaces, dans le cas ou elles ne seraient pas concedees a l’adjudica- “ taire, ne constitueront pas l’objet d’une nouvelle concession a un adjudica- “ taire concurrent.” M. Ernest Ber pretend qu’a lui seul appartenait le droit exclusif d’apposer des affiches et de faire la publicite dans toute l’etendue du terrain occupe par PExposition universelle du Champ de Mars, tant a l’interieur qu’a l’exterieur. Appendix ( W.) to Mr. Cole's Report 207 MM. Spiers et Pond, restaurateurs, directeurs du grand buffet anglais, ont fait placer dans leur etablissement deux grands cadres dores, renfermant des annonces. M. Ernest Ber a vu dans ce mode de publicite une atteinte portee au privilege qu’il dit lui avoir appartenu. II a forme, en consequence, devant lb Tribunal civil de la Seine, une demande a fin d’enlevement et de suppression des annonces affichees dans l’etablissement de MM. Spiers et Pond, et pour le prejudice qui lui aurait ete cause, il a demande la condamnation de ceux-ci a 5,000 francs de dommages-interets. Les defendeurs ont soutenu qu’il n’y dvait aucun lien de droit entre eux et M. Ernest Ber. Ce dernier a traite avec la Commission imperiale franchise, tandis qu’ils ont traite avec la Commission anglaise. D’ailleurs, MM. Spiers et Pond ne sont pas, comme M. Ber, des entrepreneurs d’affichages, et ils n’ont fait qu’indiquer, suivant leur droit, la provenance des objets consommes dans leur etablissement, depuis le jambon d’York jusqu’a la pale ale et le porter. Le Tribunal a juge que les defendeurs, en apposant des affiches dans l’inte- rieur de leur etablissement, n’ont fait qu’user de leur droit, et que Ber ne prouve point qu'il soit fonde h s’en plaindre. II a, en consequence, declare Ber mal fonde dans sa demande, l’en a deboute et l’a condamne aux depens. (4.) TERMS OF MONEY EXCHANGE CONCESSION. Cahier des Charges de l’Enterprise des Bureaux de Change. 17 Mar. 1866. Article l er .—Des bureaux de change seront etablis a chacune des portes du Parc de l’Exposition Universelle. La superficie de ces bureaux sera au plus de six metres carres pour les bureaux situes aux portes suivantes : Grande porte, Porte de la Berge, Porte Labourdonnaye, Porte de la Gare. La super¬ ficie des bureaux situes aux autres portes sera au plus de 4 m carres. La situation de chaque bureau sera ulterieurement determinee par le Commissaire general. La Commission Imperiale concedera l’entreprise de change dans tous ces bureaux moyennant une redevance payee par l’entrepreneur. Art. 2_Le concessionnaire s’engagera a construire et installer a ses frais ces bureaux de change munis de rampes de conduite et toutes leurs annexes habituelles; l’eclairage de ces bureaux sera a la charge du concessionnaire; les plans en devront etre soumis a l’approbation du Commissaire general avant le 15 Juin 1866. Le Commissaire general determinera ulterieurement l’epoque a laquelle les travaux de construction pourront etre commences. Art. 3.—Le but unique de l’exploitation sera le change des monnaies franchises ainsi que celui des especes etrangeres. Le concessionnaire exploitera son entreprise a ses risques et perils, en se conformant aux dispositions du present cahier des charges et sans que la commission Imperiale puisse etre recherchee pour quelle que cause que ce soit provenant de cette exploitation. Art. 4.—Le tarif maximum pour le change des monnaies fran 9 aises sera e suivant:— Pieces de 2 a, 5 francs fr. - 0 c. 05 „ 10 francs - - 0 10 „ 20 „ - - 0 15 40 „ - - 0 20 Pieces ou billets de 50 francs, 0*20 francs; pieces ou billets de 100 francs, 0*20 francs ; billets de 200 francs, 0 • 40 francs ; 500 francs, 0 • 60 francs ; et 1,000 francs, 0*75 francs. Le change des monnaies etrangeres se fera aux conditions de la place avec commission calculee d’apres le taux du change franqais tarife ci-dessus. Les bureaux de change ne pourront etre obliges a fractionner la monnaie rendue suivant le bon plaisir du visiteur. Ils devront toutefois remettre M. Ber’s ac¬ tion against Messrs. Speirs and Pond. Judgment. Money Ex¬ change Con¬ cession. 208 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Money Ex- toujours a celui-ci, entre autres pieces constituant le monnaie, le prix de son change Con- entree personnelle sous la forme monetaire la plus commode pour lui et pour cession. < i es g U i c jj ets ,q e perception. I/es tarifs de change seront affiches a l’exterieur des bureaux. Art. 5.—Tous les bureaux de change seront ouverts a l’heure ou s’ouvri- ront les portes du Parc: deux d’entre-eux situes aux portes qui seront ulte- rieurement designees resteront ouverts jusqu’a la cloture de ces portes. Les autres pourront se fermer a partir de 10 beures du soir seulement. L’observation des prescriptions du present article donnera lieu a une amende de 1,000 francs que les concessionaires s’engagent a payer a la Com¬ mission Imperiale dans les trois jours qui suivront celui de la constatation de l’infraction par les agents de la Commission. Art. 6.—Le service des bureaux de change devra commencer au plus tard le l er Avril 1867, sur peine d’une amende de 5,000 francs que le conces- sionnaire s’engage a payer a la Commission Imperiale dans le delai specifie a Particle 5 ci-dessus. Ce service devra se continuer sans interruption jusqu’a la cloture de l’exposition. Art. 7.—Le concessionnaire ne pourra ceder son droit a l’entreprise en tout ou en partie sans le consentement expres de la Commission imperiale et lorsqu’elle aura agree le successeur presente. Art. 8.—En cas d’interruption dans le service, pour quelle que cause que ce soit, en cas de mort ou de faillite du concessionnaire et si les creanciers ou les heritiers refusaient de continuer l’exploitation telle qu’elle se comporte, ou en sont reconnus incapables par la Commission Imperiale, celle-ci conserve le droit de resilier le traite et de pourvoir par les moyens les plus equitables a l’execution du service. Les bureaux, en ce cas, demeureront la propriete, de la Commission, qui tiendra seulement compte aux ayant-droit de la valeur des materiaux de demolition a la fin de PExposition. Art. 9.—Tout affichage sur les parois exterieures des bureaux de change est interdit au concessionnaire et reserve a la Commission Imperiale pour l’affichage de ses reglements. Art. 10.—Le concessionnaire s’engage a le soumettre aux reglements, ulte- rieurement publies par la Commission imperiale pour les details du service et la police de PExposition. Toute contravention pourra etre punie d’une amende fixee par la Commission Imperiale. La recidive pourra entrainer la decheance du concessionnaire dans les conditions mentionnes it Particle 8. Art. 11.—Le concessionnaire deposera au credit foncier de France dans les 3 jours qui suivront la signature de son traite, un cautionnement d’une valeur de 10,000 francs. Ce cautionnement sera constitue soit en numeraire, soit en rentes sur l’etat ou autres valeurs agreees par la Commission imperiale. Si le cautionnement est fourni en numeraire, le concessionnaire en recevra les interets au taux servi en compte courant par le credit foncier; s’il est fait en rentes ou autres valeurs, le concessionnaire en toucbera les arrerages. Ce cautionnement ne pourra etre restitue, que sur certificat delivre par le Commissaire general constatant que le concessionnaire a satisfait a toutes les obligations qui lui sont imposees par le present cahier de charges. Art. 12.—La redevance que le concessionnaire s’engagera a payer a la Commission Imperiale devra etre versee a la Commission Imperiale dans les trois jours qui suivront la notification qui lui sera faite de l’acceptation de ces offres. Cette somme portera interet en faveur du concessionnaire a partir du len- demain du jour de son versement, a trois pour cent, jusqu’au premier Avril 1867, epoque a laquelle elle deviendra la propriete pleine et entiere de la Commission imperiale. SOUMISSION. Je soussigne Lacour et de Miremont demeurant a Paris m’engage a payer a la Commission Imperiale, la somme de 15,000 francs, pour la concession et l’exploitation a mon profit des bureaux de change ainsi qu’elle est definie au cahier des charges dont je declare avoir pleine et entiere connaissance. Je me soumets et m’oblige a executer fidelement toutes les clauses et con¬ ditions exprimes au dit cahier des charges. Je fais election de domicile a Appendix (W.) to Mr. Colds Report. 209 Paris, rue du faubourg Montmartre No. 10, pour tous les actes concernant 1’execution de la concession qui pourra resulter de la presente soumission. Paris, le 17 Mars 1866. M r Lacour, a signe. M r de Miremont, a signe. Oahier des Charges relatif a la Concession d’un emplacement dans la Galerie VII. pour etablir un Bureau de Change. 15 Janvier 1867. Entre le Conseiller d’Etat, Commissaire General de l’Exposition Universelle de 1867, a Paris, agissant au nom de la Commission Imperiale, d’une part; Et MM. Lacour et de Miremont, banquiers, rue du Paubourg Montmartre, No. 10, d’autre part; Ont ete faites les conventions suivantes: Article l er .—La Commission Imperiale livre a MM. Lacour et Miremont un emplacement situe a la partie exterieure de la Galerie des Aliments et Boissons (section franchise) dans le septieme secteur a partir de la grande porte du Palais, limite par un emplacement destine a devenir un bureau de tabac, la salle de la Classe 91, un emplacement aujourd’hui reserve, et le pro- menoir couvert. Les dimensions de cet emplacement sont les suivantes : m. Longueur de fa 13 12 0 Stowage of cases . • © • 3 12 6 © 2,238 18 7 Dubief, M.: Hire of horses 6 e • - 725 0 © 0 29 0 0 Dubois and Co.: Cement . 0 , • 148 55 • # 5 18 10 Ducroquet, V.: Roofing felt for barrack hut 462 50 9 • 18 10 0 Dupuis, M.: Ironmongery » • 905 30, 36 4 3 Edgington, B.: Flags . . . « . « •« it p 6 10 0 Ell , G.: Trucks, &c. • . a © • 9 192 3 0 Ellisdon, J. W. c 0 Transcribing . , • « • © 7 14 4 Farmer and Brindley: Fixing model . r , • f • © 21 0 0 Flageollet, Freres, and Cie.: Freight . . , . • -# • 17 0 5 Fonteray and Co.: Work on Testing House , • 3,907 85 # 156 6 3 Appendix (AA.) to Mr. Golds Report. 251 Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. - - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ 5. d. Ford and Tilt: Labels . . . # 5 17 6 Forteneau, M.: Metallic cord . . 145 0 5 16 0 Fortier, C.: Specimen blind . . 126 0 • 5 0 H Fortin, C.: Stationery . . . 3,040 30 • • 121 12 7 Fortin, Herman, and Co.: Laying water pipes • a 922 90 • ♦ 36 18 4 Fowler, J. and Co.: Wages . 450 0 • 18 0 0 Fox, Walker, and Co.: Men’s wages . • 574 90 22 19 11 Franchi and Son : Casts . . . , # 10 12 0 Erecting pulpit . . . . • 47 17 6 58 9 6 Freeman , T.: Carriage and expenses of gas fit- tings . • • • • • 48 10 0 Galloway, W. J. and Sons: Eire bars . , s 37 5 4 Arrangements for working dampers . 91 8 0 128 13 4 Gandillot and Co.: Iron rails on machine gallery # 2,495 6a 99 16 6 Tubes, &c. for boilers # 667 25 26 13 9* 126 10 3£ Gaudet , Freres: Freight . . 0 • • • 2,499 18 1 Gautier, A. and Co.: Timber . , . 104 0 4 3 Erecting office in machine gallery 385 70 15 8 7 19 11 Gervais, A.: Hire of clocks 500 0 20 0 0 Gillow and Co.: Chairs . . . 9 125 16 0 Glass cases and fittings . , 5,314 8 6 Work on model of money order office . . , . •a 42 13 9 5,482 18 3 Glyn Nouwry Slate Company: Expenses in forwarding slate • • c . 5 3 2 Government Departments , exhibition of objects by: ^ Expenses incurred Navy Trinity House Treasury Post Office in preparing, &c. objects for Exhi¬ bition. Grace, A. : Packing cases, &c. 1,738 1 1 2,395 13 6 2,180 4 5 549 11 7 388 7 2 252 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. Green, Joseph: Hanging pictures, men’s time, and , use of vans , . , . . 206 1 O Guenne, A.: Allowance for damage to mirrors . 500 0 20 0 0 Looking glasses . , . 32 o. i 5 7 21 5 7 Guibat, C. and Co.: India-rubber packing • • 135 60 5 8 6 Hachette and Co.: Guides, plans, &c. • • . , # # 5 18 6 Hallinq, Pearce and Stone i „ - „ Blankets, &c. • • . 23 16 6 Hanson, Bros, and Co.: , Paper , • . • 5 5 5 Haret and Cie.: Glass fronts , , 30,820 a 1,232 16 0 Plooring machine gallery 12,250 0 490 0 0 1,722 16 0 Harrison and Sons : Printing . . . , . 37 12 6 London Gazette, and extracts es- pecially for Commission . . 31 5 4 68 17 10 Harvey, Nichols, and Co. : Blankets . 0 . . 21 2 3 Harwood, J. : Polishing cases 6 • • - . 32 8 0 Hayward, Tyler, and Co.: , Carriage of boiler, half the cost ( . 11 4 4 Hennicle, M. : Hire of barge from 1 April till 15 -X? November 0 # 5,620 0 224 16 0 Hervot and Seigneur: Furniture * * 901 40 ,, 36 1 1 2 Hey wood and Co. : Dyeing Canvas . , , . . • 79 2 7 Hobbs, Hart, and Co.: Locks 4 • . • • 97 7 2 Hochied, M. : Tiles 4 # , 160 0. • • 6 8 0 Holla?id and Sons: Show cases, & c. . S“> • , 753 11 0 Holmes, F. H .: Work and material for lightning conductor , ^ • 325 10 • 13 0 0 Howard, J. and F.: Furnace bars . • • • • 13 3 0 Humphrey , E. H.: Newspapers • . • . • • • 9 14 2 Hunnybunn, T.; Vans for transport of works of art. . . 530 8 6 Hunt and Boskell: Repairing racing cup « . • 11 5 0 Jenkins, J.: Sittings in church for staff Engi- neers, Artillery, &c. • • 27 12 0 Appendix (AA.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. 253 Jennings, G.: Constructing waterclosets, &c. Joachim, M.: Chimney . c . Cartage of boilers Setting boilers Brickwork, &c., in park . Making doorway to barrack hut . Johns, G. E , and Son : Pamphlet cases , Johnson, W. S.: Printing class labels , Johnstone and Jeanes: Desks .... Jossier, A. : Transport of boats Hire of barge . Kaeffer and Co.: Electric engine and lighthouse Kelly, C. : Cocoa-nut matting . Cleaning curtains . Kent and Co.: , Baskets, mats, leathers, &c. Kershaw , T.: Stencilling blinds . Painting . Larsonnier and Cie.. Green morino 0 . • Lasarre, M.: Rent and taxes of 71, Champs Elysees . Compensation for damages . Lassie, B.: Coke .... Lavers and Barraud: Packing cases , . Leach, G.: Transport of terra-cotta and bricks from Southampton Lefehvre, U.: Taking boats to Rouen . . Lefevre: Painting, &.c. ... Do. . Legendre: Iron fittings to boilers, &c. Lemonier , M.: Work on boiler house . . Letourneur, Martin : Carriage of machinery - — Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. . . • . 747 5 2 . . 362 14 5 400 16 0 0 21,238 95 849 11 2 14,552 45 582 2 0 201 05 8 0 10 1,818 8 K J • • • • 12 0 0 • • • • 54 2 6 • • • • 16 7 0 1,500 0 60 0 0 1,230 0^ 49 4 0 109 A ft ‘i u 4,425 0 • • 177 0 0 125 0 5 0 0 13 60- 0 10 10£ 5 1 A • • • • 42 3 1 . 200 0 0 • 55 14 10 255 14 10 133 65 • • 5 6 11 •% 1,857 5 8 5,000 0 200 0 0 2,057 8 o 360 0 • • 14 8 0 • • • • 13 0 0 . . . 40 9 11 760 0 • 30 8 O 425 65' 17 0 6 • • 50 17 11 67 18 5 1,046 75 • • 41 17 5 • • • 132 11 10 1,043 0 . . 41 14 5 254 / Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Alphabetical list of Payments— continued * Lddoe, fils: Feather brushes , . London and South-eastern Railway Com¬ pany : Transport of vans containing works of art , London and South-western Railway Com¬ pany : Transport of goods containing works of art London and North-western Railway Company : Transport of goods . Low, Sampson: Expenses attending fire escape McCracken, J. R.: Freight .... Major , II. J. and Co.: Carriage of tiles . 8 Malthy and Sons: Banners Marshall and Cq. : Grease for machinery . Maw and Son: Bottles . . „ Meadows, W.: Newspapers . . Meslier and Co.: Curtains for naval models . Meunier and Co.: Blinds for picture gallery . Middleton, Son, and Co.: Carriage of steam crane from Paris Minton and Co.: Earthenware . • „ Mittelette, M.: Forge and fittings . , Monduit and Bechet: Masonry work for fire prevention . Plumbers and glaziers work on roof Moreno-Henriques, M.: Management of the removal, un¬ packing, and repacking of cases . Gratuity to men . , , Warehousing packing cases Fixing iron work Nautre, M.: Painting in machine gallery and agricultural shed * New son, J. and Son: Timber .... Nicolle, M. : Painting in machine gallery . Northern France Railway Company: Transport of vans and goods . Hire of trucks . . » - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. 291 25 o 9 11 13 0 • • m 1,378 17 1 • • 0 9 69 13 0 • a « 9 6 2 0 . • • 42 15 0 . • • » 8 6 4 334 40 • • 13 7 6 • . 9 » 14 6 6 . . 9 • 23 17 5 e .. • • 11 13 6 « • e • 9 3 3 508 80 • • 20 7 0 3,248 0° 9 129 18 5 . • • 9 20 18 11 • . 6 9 39 17 11 341 55 • 9 13 13 3 1,400 0 56 0 0 5,012 15 200 9 9 * * 256 9 9 27,659 a 193 0 1*114 1 h » ■ ■ © 276 13 9 665 a 26 12 0 ' r 1,417 7 H 664 15 . ^ • 26 11 4 • 0 » 281 13 11 1,047 40 • . 41 17 11 . 619 19 4 240 0 9 12 0 629 11 4 Appendix (. AA .). to Mr, Cole’s , Report. 255 Alphabetical List of Payments— continued,, - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. O'Brien, J.: Two pieces of casting, . .. 567 5a 22 14 0 Turkish cloth . • 2,059 75 82 7 H 105 1 2 Olivier , (7. : Curtains and covers , • 431 10, • 9 77 4 104 Paget, B. G.: Cloths, &c. . 0 * # 24 19 1 Parry, J.: Plumbers work . . . 259 7Q - 0 9 10 7 9 Paturand , M.: Masonry and brickwork material and labour 4,206 77 168 5 5 Admission of workmen 147 50 5 18 0 174 Q £ Penn, J., and Son : Carriage of engines . . o O , , , # 823 16 7 Petit, Pierre: Photographs 764 80 § e 30 11 10 Peake , T.: Packing cases and packing , • • 5 8 0 Pelletier, M.: Cutting away floor * 649 10 # 25 19 3 Petitjean and Co.: Labour and unloading . 152 85 6 2 3t Work on life boat shed , e 2,984 85 119 7 104 Constructing office at Billancourt . 611 20 24 9 0 1 J.Q 1 Q 0 Picard , C.: Carriage of ordnance . i y 330 0 13 4 0 Pickford and Co.: Carriage of goods c Pierce, S.: Hay and straw . . • - 376 19 4 , 8 12 0 Pierron and Dehaitre: Alterations in Green’s boilers 426 70 17 1 4 Poch.cn and Edeline: Foundations for electric machine 1,250 o. 50 0 0 Pouderoux and Maugin : Steam fittings . . 263 0 10 10 5 Prud’homme, E.: Ironmongery . . . 322 65 12 18 1 Pulham, J. : Fixing terra cotta , Quesny and Cie.: • 53 15 6 Loading Admiralty models at Rouen . . c . 489 35 « ■ 19 11 6 Quinier, E. : Handspikes, &c. . . 422 45, • 16 17 lUr Quintelli, M. : Bell-hanging 781 90 • 31 5 6 Rabourdin, H. Watering pots, padlocks, &c. 125 20 • 5 0 2 Ransomes and Sims: Connecting engine with boiler 387 50 15 10 0 Freight of engine . 638 30 25 10 8 41 0 8 256 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. - - Total. Redout, M.: Fr. c. & s. d. £ s. d. Popes, hemp, &c. » Renaul and Tardif. 902 95- • • 36 2 4 Timber .... Requillart, Roussel, and Co.: 213 65 • • 8 10 11 Matting . . « , Richards, J. E.: 985 90 • • 39 8 9 Stationery . -. Roberson and Co.: . % 7 1 6 Colours, &c. • . • Roberty, M.: Painting barge, closets and iron- • *• 5 3 6 work .... Robin, M. : 184 75 7 7 9 Wire work for testing house Robinson, A. A. : 193 0 7 14 5 Carriage of slates «• Rochefort and Masselin: Work and materials in construction . = 24 13 6 of testing house and boiler house Rotisset, J.: » 45,698 65 1,827 18 11 Iron safe • 0 Rowell and Racine: 290 0 11 12 0 Transport of boats . . Rowney, G. and Co.: Drawing materials and mounts Certificate cases . Rufin, Alphonse: . % 28 0 11 9 1 1 44 17 8 37 2 0 Furniture . Russell, J. and Co.: 139 75> . 5 11 9j Stock taps, dies, &c. . Russell, G. and Co.: . . 8 12 5 Carriage of steam crane . Sabouret, E.: Blankets used as blinds for fire- • • • 32 11 6 prevention Sansade and Leroux: Hoofing over barge Damage to roof of barge . Saunders, W. Wilson: 330 0 8,459 5Q 120 0 338 7 7 4 16 0 21 4 0 343 3 7 Insurance on works of art Savoy Glass Company: l.o % • 3,988 0 0 Glass .... Schmit and Alavoine: Furniture • 24 benches . • Schnell, W.: 21,419 70 1,872 0 856 15 9 74 17 7 31 14 10 931 13 4 Work on blinds . Scocard, M.: Flowers for decoration at the open¬ 2,619 35 104 15 6 ing . 136 0 • 5 8 9| Appendix (A A.) to Mr. Cole's Report. Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. 257 Scott, T. : Travelling expenses for trial of machinery . . Sechet, M.: Glass and china . . Shand and Mason: Fire-pumps, canvas hose, ladders, &C. . 9 • . Shanks and Son :* Carriage of steam crane 0 Silveslre, M.: Repairing trucks Iron for steam launch Repairing launch Simpkin and Marshall: Reference hooks, &c. . . Simpson, W. B., and Sons: Transparent painted blinds Smith, G., and Co. : Glazed frames and show cases . Providing wood caps for boiler house . - . Extra allowance to workmen . Smith and Co.: Inspecting boilers , . Smith and McGaw: Mouldings . , Soiling, G.: German translations, catalogue, and Commercial notes r Soulard, E. J.: Laying tiles- . » Spalding and Hodge : Paper Spequels and Cie.: Badges for workmen e . Spottiswoode and Co.: Printing catalogue * . Stanley, W. F.: Mathematical instruments, scales, &c. .... Stievlin, C.: Painting roof of boiler house Slrangeways and Walden : Printing .... Street, Brothers : Advertising . , Tassin, B.: Coke for steam cranes . . Tapin, B.: Coke .... Tetard, C.: Painting British section . — Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. . . . 9 54 5 0 188 35 • * 7 10 8 . . . . 32 11 8 • • • 44 2 9 378 35 15 2 8 33 30 1 6 7 7 0 0 5 7 16 14 10 • • • 20 2 0 • • • 1,155 0 0 . 1,051 12 11 30 0 0 150 50 6 0 5 1,087 13 4 • 5 17 0 • 6 2 4 87 12 0 267 15 10 13 9 • 7 0 0 197 50 7 18 0 • • 1,339 15 8 • . 11 17 6 236 70 • 9 9 • • • 579 9 10 • • • 330 0 2 192 0 • 7 13 7 288 0 # 11 10 5 33,376 41 • 1,335 1 2 258 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Alphabetical List of Payments— continued. Thames Iron Works Company : Iron doors for Art galleries Thiebaut: * r . ■ Painting, glazing, joinery Blinds for marine shed Entrance for workmen , Thivier, M.: Blouses for cleaners / , Thiphain , L. : Ropes, &c. , Treloar, T.: Rugs, mats, &c. . Cocoa-nut matting Tupper and Co. :■ Iron buckets . Vacher and Sons: Transcribing, &c. Varrall, Elwell, and Co .. Steam fittings Iron piping, &c. . Vuitton, L. : Packing furniture . Vellay, L .: _ Gas fittings . . . „ e experiments Vernis, M.: Locks and fittings for cottage Wailes and Robinson: Iron work on machinery * Warne, Stannard: Printed hangings . - » W'ir ring ton, W.: Putting up labels Water low and Sons: Transfer paper . Webber, Capt. C. E., R.E. : Materials used in testing hovise Wedgwood and Sons: Jugs . West of France, Railway company : Carriage of goods Weydemann and Co.: Table cloths . . Whisker, R. J.: Horsing vans • Wigdahl, A. : Transport of machinery and heavy goods . . e : . Traction engine and truck Return transport — Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. . • » * 1,957 0 6 14,682 40 587 5 11 495 0 o 19 16 0 240 0 9 12 0 616 13 11 868 50 f 34 14 235 05 # • * 9 8 o * . .. 40 19 6 • * 425 7 7 466 7 • • • • 5 6 8 • • • • 58 10 9 4,736 0 189 8 5,368 85 214 15 1 404 10* O *• .• • 74 17 8 499 0 19 19 1,101 10 . 44 0 10* 64 n 1 u 168 0 8 6 14 5 • * * 95 5 10 . * • 346 16 10 ,291 55 . . 11 13 3 • - *£> 16 4 6 » , V 35 18 0 r 5 11 0 206 05 • 8 4 10 218 15 • 8 14 6 * c • • • - 52 18 6 C * * 7,559 95 302 8 0 . , 72 6 10 •c 43, 14 5 418 9 3 Appendix {AA) to Mr. Golds Report. 259 Miscellaneous Accounts— continued. - - Total. Wilkins and Son: Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. Paints and brushes . Williams, J.: • • • 8 1 10 Blinds .... Wood, H. and T. and Co.: • 557 0 0 Marone damask . Wood, Marshall: • • 132 10 0 Compensation for damage to bust . Woods, H.: 26 5 0 Designs ... . Woollams, J. and Co.: Paper , . , Lettering in galleries Wyon, J. S. and A. B.: Engraving seal and die • • 19 8 4 73 9 1 8 14 3 92 17 5 . • 8 3 8 Miscellaneous Accounts under £ 5 . - - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. Allardice, J. :—Printing , . 1 0 9 Allenel, C. :—Salary . . . 0 16 0 Appert and Co. :—Glass shades 6 0 0 4 n Appleby, Brothers :—Travelling ex- penses . . 4 0 0 Audreveau, M. :—Map of Paris 12 0 0 9 7 Banfield, II .:—Work on model . , 1 10 4 Barbezat et Cie.: —Cooking stove for barge 30 0 1 4 0 Baron, Fils :—Ironmongery 37 30 • 1 9 10 Bateman, J. G .:—Carriage of picture . . . • 0 5 0 Bateson, W. J.: —Packing-cases for pictures . . • 2 9 8 Bennett, W. :—Writing labels . 17 50 0 14 0 Beattie, A. C. :—Modelling , . 4 4 0 Beck, JR. Sf J. :—Thermometers . , 3 9 0 Bell and Daldy :—Books . 3 0 6 Berger and Co. :—Post bag . 8 50 0 6 9i Berteaux, M. :—Pails, &c. 25 75 1 0 7 Bernard, M. :—Brooms 48 0 0 1 18 5 Bevington and Morris :—Leather . , • 4 10 6 Bibant, M. :—Ticking for covers 61 30 • • 2 9 0 Biot, A. M. :—Curtain . 10 65 • • 0 8 6 Blaid, M. :—Ironmongery 60 0 • • 2 8 0 Bleu, Fils.: —Locks and bolts . 42 0 • 1 13 7 Boileau, M.: —Glass case 75 0 3 0 0 Bonnaire and Co.: —Stationery and labels 81 70 3 5 4 Bonne Nouvelle, M.: —Step chair 15 0 0 12 0 Boosey and Co.: —Books , . • 0 8 8 Borscrolles, M,: —Medals . 109 25 • 4 7 5 260 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Miscellaneous Accounts— continued. Boulard and Co .:—Dusters . Bourdet-Mains .-i—Curtains., . Bramah and Co.: —Cash-box . Bramly, L .:—Carriage of catalogues . Briere, E .:—Printing programmes for regatta .... Bruce, J.: —Packing-cases Bullet, G .:—Cleaning curtains . Culleton, T .:—Engraving Caslon, H .:—Type . • Cattell, J. A.: —Gold-leaf . . Caucus, L.: —Water-bottles Chambron, G .:—Ladder and poles Channon, T. S .:—Stationery . Chartier, M .:—Stationery Cluck, C .:—Cartage . • . Clark and Co .:—Plank Clement :—Gratuity for despatching vans .... Clowes and Son :—Electrotyping . Cole, W. L .:—Carriage of models Collingwood, E.: —Marking blankets . Couchman, T .:—Assistance on cata¬ logue .... Day, J .:—Van hire . Declaurier, C. J .:—Light metre Delaguaire and Co.: — Charges on bricks De La Bue and Co .:—Medallions Deleuil, M .:—One gauge Descheux, M .:—Cartage of bricks Domet, M .:—Glazing cases Dott, A :—Carriage Doulton and Co .:—Crates Dumas :—Carting rubbish Duplane :—Carting dust Elmslie and Simpson :—Tin foil Fenn, J .:—Ironmongery Fladgate, Clark, and Co .:—Bill of costs .... “ GalignanVs Messenger —Subscrip- " tion to November Garrard R. Sf S .—Repairing plate Gaveau :—Lock with four keys Gerard, A., and Co. .-—India-rubber lever . . . . Gerard, J .:—Fixing tap in lifeboat Gifford and Son :—Packing Govgon, E. A .:—Map of France . Granet, M.: —Shovels, &c. Grant and Co .:—Repairing floor . Grew, T .:—Instruments . Grindley, E.: —Packing-case . . Grospiron, M .:—Hire of truck Grundy, J. C .:—Carriage of pictures . Gucard, M .:—Crochets de charge Guerin, M. .-—Casks for fire prevention - - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. 21 85 0 17 6 23 25, 0 18 7 . 1 12 0 108 75. 4 7 0 120 0 4 16 0 . 2 5 0 6 0 0 4 10 . 0 15 6 • 0 18 4 . 4 0 0 68 10. 2 14 6 112 0 4 9 7 . 2 19 1 77 70 3 2 1 . 4 9 0 9 50 0 7 7 100 0 4 0 0 . 2 3 0 . 3 6 0 • 0 17 6 # 3 10 0 4 6 6 50 0 2 0 0 18 a 0 14 5 . 2 10 0 20 0 0 16 0 115 0 4 12 0 113 0 4 10 5 . 1 19 6 . 1 0 0 60 0 2 8 0 19 80 0 15 10 . 0 11 3 • 0 19 4 • 3 3 0 59 0 2 7 2 J 2 12 6 17 0 0 13 7 13 45 0 10 9 7 0 0 5 7 . 1 14 0 30 0 1 4 0 25 a 1 0 0 75 0 3 0 0 ■. 0 10 0 . 1 10 0 12 0 0 9 7 . 4 3 0 27 0 1 1 7 100 a 4 0 0 Appendix (AA.) to Mr. Colds Report 261 Miscellaneous Accounts— continued. - 1 - Total. Guyvides, ilf.:—Subscription to “ Ga- Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. zette des Tribunaux ” 18 0 0 14 Hale, J. H. :—Oil and tallow . Hampson and Bettridge :—Stamp for 38 50 1 10 endorsing .... . 0 12 Hansard , H. :—Copies of estimates . 3 7 Hay , J. and Son :—Packing pictures . . 3 11 Helbronner, It .:—India matting Hughes and Kimber: — Endorsing • 1 1 machine .... . . 2 8 Jaffeux, M .:—Hay for packing 66 0 2 12 Jalaureau, M. :>—Specimens of flooring 50 0 2 0 Jones, E .:—Union cloth • . 0 7 Jones and Bonham :—Valuing . 1 1 Johnson, W .:—Colours 23 55 0 18 Junquet and Co. :—Poplin 32 0 1 5 Kidd and Co. :—Green ink . 0 7 King, P. S. :—Books . * 1 13 Kirby , Beard, and Co.: —Pins 0 12 Laisne, J.: —Guide to Paris Lambert, F.: —Brooms Straw 9 0 6 0 50 0 0 4 9| 2 0 o" 0 7 2 4 Langley, W.: —Zinc tray 12 75 0 10 Latour, A.: —Baskets . Laverty, J.: —Materials for experiments 30 60 1 4 and tests .... 4 18 Lebeau and Co.: —Carriage of books . . , 0 5 Lechertier and Co.: —Pins , # 2 8 Legrand and Bertheley : —Fringe 70 0 2 16 Le Hertier, H.: —Carriage of catalogues Leighton, G. C,: —Copies of Illustrated 100 75 4 0 News .... • ■ • 1 3 Leon, M.: —Oil for police lanterns 46 35 1 17 Letourneur, M.: —Hire of truck 30 0 1 4 Longman and Co.: —Books • • 3 4 Lugeda, L. :— Eac-similes of models 40 50 1 12 Marquaire , A .:— Engraving models 30 0 • • 1 4 Martin, M .:— Anti-rust composition Massonet, M .:— Imitation of exhibition 10 0 0 8 medals Masteny, M .:— Taking down columns 50 0 • • 2 0 of boiler-house 100 0 • • 4 0 Melchoir, M .:— Translations . Mendleshon, M .:— Altering clothes of 50 0 • • 2 0 engineers .... Mendham, W. L. :— Expenses of con¬ 122 0 • • 4 17 veyance of corporation plate . Merryweather and Sons :— Carriage of • . 1 4 2 fire-escape .... . . 3 0 Mezain, M .:— Buffet . 27 0 1 1 Mirio et Co .:— Sulphur “ Moniteur Universelle : ” — Three 9 60 0 7 months’ subscription . , 1. 10 0 • 0 8 T d. H H o 0 0 11 0 0 3 0 10 7 6 2 0 2 * 9 2 6 3 2 o - 0 0 7 4 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 7 8 0 lS|Hb5|H 262 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Miscellaneous Accounts— continued. Morhet, M. :—Carriage of model . M or son and Son :—Gelatine ink Mougin, M.: —Paints, &c. Murat, M.: —Mops . . Partridge and Cozens :—Book Penon, J .:—Translation Perette, M. J. :—Translating labels Peuchot, M. :—Repairing floor Pilard, A. :—Translation Piolet and Son :—Carriage of goods Powell and Sons :—Bottles Per aid, M. :—Stone and labour Rolandi, Peter : —Book . . Poux, P. :—Tackle Salarnier, M. :—Forgings Smith Sf Turner :—Door springs Sylvain, P .:—Hire of scaffolding Simons, H .:—Insurance of cranes Spackman, B. L., Sergt. P.E.: —Photo¬ graphs .... Steel, D. :—Periodicals Stillwell and Son :—Flags Tahan, C. :—Glass globe broken by- carpenter .... Temple, J. A.: —Books . . Terrier, Charles: —Builders’ price book Tomlinson, H .:—Packing and carriage of pictures .... Trounce, W .:—Printing circulars Truhner and Co.: —Books . Tuck and Co. :—Minute book . Venton, L.: —Letter-box and shelves . Vielton, M. :—Post bags Virgile, M. :—Repairing fire-escape Admissions for men . Weede, H. J. :—Printing Wiekwar and Co. :—Brass plate Wilson, J. H. : —Zinc castings Wilson, W. :—Work on catalogue Winsor and Newton :—Canvas Woolley and Co. .-—Imperial mounts Young and Son: —Weighing machine . Yoose, Laurent, and Co.: —Tarpaulin . - - Total. Fr. c. £ s. d. £ s. d. 30 0 14 0 , 2 7 6 18 79 0 14 11| 21 0 0 16 9| , 0 15 6 . 4 8 0 . 1 0 0 41 20 1 13 0 55 0 2 4 0 50 0 2 0 0 . 3 15 0 25 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 4 13 6 71 0* 2 16 9i 1 2 8 0 • 3 3 8 • 0 12 8 « 1 16 6 1 5 8 0 9 0 16 80 0 13 5 0 6 0 1 5 0 18 0 0 16 0 0 12 0 • 2 5 0 » 0 13 7 • 1 12 0 1 9 5 0 8 0 1 17 5 0 16 6 0 7 6 • • • 0 12 6 • • 3 10 0 • • 1 16 0 0 10 0 2 2 0 33 45 1 6 9 Appendix (A. A.) to Mr. Coles Report. 263 Services of Jurors. Clas s. — - J Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. 50 Amos, James C.: Payment as Juror for Agricultural Imple- ments , * . . . . 52 10 0 53,54, Anderson, John: 54. Payment as Associate Juror for Machinery 52 10 0 Report on Machine Tools . 31 10 0 84 0 0 40 Ansted, D. T., F.B.S.: Report on Mining and Metallurgy . 52 10 0 7 Appell, J. W., Ph. D. Report on Stationery . . 67 10 0 51 Archer, Professor, T. C. : Payment as Associate Juror for Chemical Apparatus , . 52 10 0 50 Report on Agricultural Apparatus . 15 0 0 52 10 0 17 Arnoux, Leon: Report on Ceramic Manufactures . . . 52 10 0 66 Arrow, Capt. F.: Payment as Juror for Navigation 52 10 0 20 Asprey, C. : Payment as Associate Juror for Cutlery 52 10 0 72 Baker, Eric : Payment as Associate Juror for Condiments 52 10 0 38 Baker, Sir S.: Payment as Juror for Travelling Apparatus 52 10 0 Report on Travelling Apparatus . 1 10 0 54 0 0 83 Balfour, Professor J. H., M.D.: Payment as Juror for Horticultural Ap¬ paratus .... . 52 10 0 33 Ball, Thomas : Payment as Associate Juror for Lace . , 52 10 0 39 Bartley, G. C. T. : Report on Toys . . . 52 10 0 52 Beaumont, Capt. F., B.E. : Payment as Associate Juror for Machinery 52 10 0 59, 60 Reports on Machinery, classes 59 and 60 52 10 0 31 10 0 136 10 0 73 Beckwith, E. L.: Payment as Associate Juror for Fermented Drinks .... 52 10 0 Report on Fermented Drinks . . 36 0 0 88 10 0 60 Beyer, C. F. : Payment as Juror for Machinery, class 60 . , « 52 10 0 33 Biddle, Daniel: Payment as Juror for Lace , # 52 10 0 40 Blackwell, S. H.: Payment as Juror for Mining and Metallurgy • # 52 10 0 45 Bolley, Professor : Report on Chemical Processes . . . 52 10 0 8 Bowler, H. A. : Payment as Associate Juror for Designs, &c. . 52 10 0 264 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Services of Jurors— continued. Class. | — - Total. * £ s; d. £ s. d. 88 Brady, F. W., Q.C. : Payment as Associate Juror for Hothouse Plants ..... 52 10 0 86 Brehaut, Bev. T. C.: Report on Pruil Trees • • 52 10 0 12 Brooke, C., M.A., F.B.S. : Payment as Juror for Mathematical Instru- ments . 52 10 0 Brookfield, Bev. W. H.: 7 Payment as Delegate for Stationery 52 10 0 6 Report on Printing and Books 52 10 0 105 0 0 Buckmaster, J. C.: Payment as Delegate for classes 12,13, 27 to 35, 38 . • 52 10 0 53 Caithness, Earl of: Juror for Machinery . . Unable to act. 45 Cameron, Dr. C.: Payment as Associate Juror for Chemical Processes .... , # 52 10 0 63 Campbell, Sir D., Bart.: Associate Juror for Railway Apparatus 52 10 0 Report on Railway Apparatus 39 0 0 91 10 0 61 Campbell, Minton : Payment as Associate Juror for Carriages . Declined Payment. 91 Canterbury , Viscount: Payment as Juror for Cheap Furniture and Food . • 52 10 0 21 Cayley, G. J.: Payment as Associate Juror for Plate 52 10 0 Report on Plate .... 22 10 0 75 0 0 64 Cecil, Lord Sackville ; Associate Juror for Telegraphy Declined Delegate for classes 8, 23, 40, 47 Payment. 93 Chadwick, E., C.B.: Report on Cheap Dwellings • , 52 10 0 58 Chadwick, Lieut. O., B.E. : Report on Furniture Manufacture . # , 52 10 0 16 Chance, Henry : Payment as Associate Juror for Glass 52 10 0 Report on Glass .... 4 10 0 57 0 0 Childers, H. C. E., M.P.: Associate Vice-President, Group VI. Declined Payment. 32 Clabburn, W. H. : Payment as Juror for Shawls ... 52 10 0 65 Clarke, Major A. C., B.E. : Payment as Associate Juror for Civil Engi¬ neering . .. . 52 10 0 10 Clay, F.: Report on Musical Instruments • 52 10 0 Appendix (A A?) to Mr. Colds Report. 265 Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — — 1 Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. Cleveland, Duke of: President, Group IX, Declined Payment. 66 Close, Capt. M.: Report on Navigation . 52 10 0 6 Clowes, George: Payment as Juror for Printing and Books . 52 10 0 Cochrane, Baillie, M.P. : Associate Vice-President, Group II. • . 52 10 0 75 Cockerell, Capt. : Payment as Associate Juror for Live Stock 105 0 0 Reports on Live Stock and Horse Shoeing 19 10 0 Travelling expenses 30 6 10 154 16 10 49 Cole, Wentworth L. : Payment as Delegate for Shooting and Pishing Tackle 52 10 0 Report on Shooting and Pishing Tackle 52 10 0 105 0 0 1 Cope, C. W., R.A.: Report on Oil Paintings . . . 52 10 0 13 Cooke, Lieut.-Col., A. C., R.E.: Payment as Associate Juror for Maps, &c. 52 10 0 Report on Maps, &c. 16 10 0 69 0 0 16 Cooke, E. W., R.A., F.R.S.: Payment as Juror for Glass 52 10 0 2 Cowper, Hon. Spencer: Payment as Juror for Watercolour Draw¬ ings ..... 52 10 0 Cox, Capt. Ponsonhy, R.E.: 57 Payment as Associate Juror for Manufacture of Clothing .... 52 10 0 65 Report on Civil Engineering . 27 0 0 79 10 0 19 Crace, J. G.: Payment as Juror for Paper Hangings 52 10 0 56 Curtis, M.: Payment as Juror for Weaving # 52 10 0 29 Darlington, J. (for Deputation of the Bradford Chamber of Commerce) : Report on Wool and Worsted 9 52 10 0 7 De La Rue, Warren, F.R.S.: Payment as Juror for Stationery . # 9 52 10 0 9 Diamond, Dr. Hugh W. : Payment as Juror for Photography 52 10 0 Report on Photography 26 5 0 78 15 0 37 Dickson, Major-Gen. C., C.B., R.A.: Payment as Associate Juror for Portable Weapons . . . . 52 10 0 4 Donaldson, Professor: Report on Architectural Designs . # . 52 10 0 21 Doyle, Percy W., C.B.: Payment as Juror for Plate 52 10 0 67 Druce, J.: j Payment as Juror for Cereals • . 52 10 0 266 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — - Total. 36 49 Dudley, Earl: Juror for Jewellery . . • Edwards, Major J. B., R.E.: Payment as Associate Juror for Shooting £ s. d. Declined Payment. £ s. d. 10 and Pishing Tackle , Egerton, Hon. Seymour: Payment as Associate Juror for Musical # * 52 10 0 46 Instruments «... Evershed, J.: Payment as Associate Juror for Leather and * * 52 10 0 58 62 Skins . . * . Ewart, Lieut.-Col., R.E.: Juror for Purniture Manufacture . Fenn, Capt.: Payment as Juror for Harness and Otherwise paid 52 10 0 4 Saddlery .... Fergusson, J., F.R.I. B.A. : Allowance as Juror for Architectural De- * * 52 10 0 10 signs ..... Fitzgerald, Lord Gerald: • 52 10 0 47 Payment as Juror for Musical Instruments Foster, C. Le Neve: Payment as Associate Juror for Mining • • 52 10 0 55,56 Machinery .... Foster, P. Le Neve, junior : • 52 10 0 44 Beports on Spinning and Weaving Frankland, Dr., F.R.S.: 84 0 0 23 Payment as Juror for Chemical Products . Frodsham, C. : Payment as Juror for Horological Instru¬ * * 52 10 0 17 37 ments ..... Gladstone, Rt. Hon. W. E., M.P.: Juror for Ceramic Manufactures . Gordon, Major-Gen. Sir W., K.C.B., R.E.: Unable to act. 52 10 0 9 Payment as Juror for Portable Weapons . Gordon, Lieut.-Col., C.B., R.E. : Payment as Associate Juror for Photo¬ . 52 10 0 62 18 graphy «... Goschen, Henry: Payment as Associate Juror for Harness and Saddlery .... Beport on Harness and Saddlery . Graham, Peter: 52 10 0 7 10 0 52 10 0 60 0 0 65 Payment as Juror for Carpets . Gregory, C. H., V.P. Inst. C.E.: * 52 10 0 31 Payment as Juror for Civil Engineering Grosvenor, Lord Richard, M.P.: Vice-President, Group VI. . Haden , C. S.: Declined Payment. 52 10 0 43 Payment as Associate Juror for Silk Hanhury, D.: Payment as Juror for Agricultural Pro¬ ducts . • , * • * Declined Payment. 52 10 0 Appendix {AA) to Mr. Colds Report. 267 Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — — Total. 7 Hankey, F.: £ s. d. £ s. d. 1 Payment as Associate Juror for Stationery Hardinge, Viscount: • • 52 10 0 54 Payment as Juror for Oil Paintings Hemans, G. W., M.I.C.E.: . 52 10 0 5 57 75 30 Payment as Juror for Machine Tools Hichens, Capt. W., R.E.: Payment as Associate Juror for Engravings Payment as Delegate, classes 1 to 5 and 17 Report on Manufacture of Clothing Higgins, M. : Juror for Live Stock . • Hirst, W., Secretary of the Leeds Chamber of Commerce: Reports by Nussey, T ., and Leach, G. on 52 10 0 52 10 0 15 0 0 Unable to act. 52 10 0 120 0 0 32 Wool ..... Hoare, F. P.: • 52 10 0 71,85 Payment as Associate Juror for Shawls Hogg, Dr. R.: . 37 0 0 87 Report on Fruit and Vegetables Hooker, Dr. J. D., F.R.S.. • 52 10 0 Payment as Juror for Forest Trees . 52 10 0 61 Report on Forest Trees , Hooper, G. N.: Payment as Juror for Carriages Report on Carriages , . , 52 10 0 52 10 0 5 0 0 : 2 Horsley, J. C., R.A.: i- 105 0 0 50 Report on Watercolour Drawings . Hoskyns, C. Wren : Payment as Associate Juror for Agricul¬ . 52 10 0 tural Implements Houghton, Lord: • 52 10 0 73 Vice-President, Group II. Howard, Hon. H. G. : 52 10 0 35 Payment as Juror for Fermented Drinks . Hudson, Lieut.-Col. J. H. : i 52 10 0 30 Payment as Juror for Clothing Huth, Edward: 52 10 0 Payment as Juror for Wool Hutt, Rt. Hon. Sir W., M.P., K.C.B.: 52 10 0 Associate President, Group IV. Jerningham, H : Payment as Delegate, classes 21, 36, 89 J err old, W. Blanchard: Payment as Delegate, classes 91-95 r Reports on Skilled Workmen’s Labour Johnson, E. C.: Payment as Associate Juror for Educa¬ tional Apparatus Report on Educational Apparatus . Jones, Owen : Associate Juror for Fancy Furniture . Kane, Sir Robert, F.R S. : ’ 52 10 0 94, 95 89 14 45 - 52 10 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 39 0 0 Declined Payment. | 52 10 0 105 0 0 91 10 0 Payment as Juror for Chemical Processes . . 52 10 0 268 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — — Total. £ s. d. 1 £ s. d. 49 Keane, Col. Hon. H. F. : 1 Juror, for Shooting and Fishing Tackle Did not act. 5 Lane, R. J., A.F.R.A.: Payment as Juror for Engravings . . . 52 10 0 29 Law, J. : Payment as Associate Juror for Wool and Worsted .... 52 10 0 3 Layard, A. H., M. P.: Juror for Sculpture Unable to act. 37 Leahy, Major A., R.E.: Report on Field Hospital Equipments . 52 10 0 1 Leslie, John : Payment as Associate Juror for Oil Paint- ings ..... • 52 10 0 Levi, Leone : 31-35 Reports on Clothing , . 105 0 0 92. : 55, 56 Lloyd, R.: Payment as Associate Juror for Spinning and Weaving . . , 52 10 0 63 McConnell, J. E., M.I.C.E.: Payment as J uror for Railway Apparatus . ! 52 10 0 41 McGee, Hon. F.L>. : Payment as Juror for Products of Forests . . 25 0 0 53, 54 McHardy, Lieut. W., R.E.: 60. Payment as Delegate for Machinery . 52 10 0 38 Macleod of Macleod: Associate Juror for Travelling Apparatus . Did not act. 44, 45 Macleod, H.: 51 Payment as Delegate for Chemical Appa¬ ratus ..... 52 10 0 53 Mallet, R., F.R.S., M.I.C.E.: Payment as Juror for Machinery . 52 10 0 Report on Machinery 21 0 0 73 10 0 37 Majendie , Capt. V. D., R.A. : Report on Portable Arms . 52 10 0 Manchester , Duke of: President, Group IY. Declined Payment. 5 Marshall, Julian: Payment as Juror for Engravings . 52 10 0 Report on Engravings 25 10 0 78 0 0 55 Marshall, R. D.: Payment as Juror for Spinning • 52 10 0 3 Marshall, W. CR.A.: Payment as Associate Juror for Sculpture . • 52 10 0 36 Maskelyne, N. H. M. S. : Payment as Associate Juror for Jewellery . 52 10 0 Report on Jewellery 35 5 0 87 15 0 67-73 Matchwick, W.: Payment as Delegate for Food . 52 10 0 66 Merrifield, C. W., F.R.S.: Report on Navigation • 52 10 0 Appendix (A A .) to Air. Cole’s Export 269 Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — - 42 Michael, Major, M.S.C. : £ s. d. Associate Juror for Products of Shooting and Fishing Otherwise 90 Mitchell, Rev. M., M.A.: paid. Payment as Associate Juror for Adult Edu¬ cational Apparatus 52 10 0 Report on Adult Educational Apparatus 52 10 0 72 Moffatt, G., M.P.: Juror for Condiments Declined 53 Molesworth, Capt., R.E.: Payment. Report on Machinery . . . ! 87 Moore, Dr. : Payment as Associate Juror for Forest Trees 29 Morris, W.: Payment as Juror for Wool and Worsted . 34 Mundella, A. J.: Payment as Juror for Underclothing . i 81 Murray, A. : Report on useful Insects . 27 Murray, ,J\ O. : Report on Cotton .... 89 Norris, Rev. Canon, M.A. : Payment as Juror for Educational Appa¬ ratus . 52 10 0 Report on Educational Apparatus . 9 0 0 25 Odling, Dr. W. : Payment as Juror for Perfumery . . 11 Oliffe, Sir J. F., M.D. : Payment as Juror for Medical and Surgical Instruments .... 52 10 0 Report on Medical and Surgical Instruments 13 10 0 Artil¬ Owen, Lieut.-Col. C. H., R.A. : lery. Report on Artillery . . 38 Page, E .; Payment as Juror for Travelling Apparatus 33 Palliser, Mrs. : Report on Lace . . 16 Parry, T. G.: Report on Glass Painting . . . 31 Phillips, Sir B. S. ; Payment as Juror for Silk 51 Playfair, Dr. Lyon, C.B., F.R.S. : Payment as Juror for Chemical Apparatus 52 10 0 Report on Chemical Apparatus 7 10 0 14 Pollen, J. H., M.A.: Payment as Juror for Fancy Furniture 52 10 t Report on Fancy Furniture 46 10 0 59 Portal, W. S. : Payment as Juror for Paper Manufacture . •j • • Total. £ s. d. 105 0 0 30 0 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 52 10 0 61 10 0 52 10 0 66 0 a 52 10 & 52 10 0 26 5 O 26 5 0 52 10 0 60 0 0 99 0 0 52 10 0 U 270 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — - Total. 44 Price, Dr. D.: Payment as Associate Juror for Chemical Products .... £ s. d. £ s. d. 52 10 0 8 Redgrave, R., R.A.: Juror for Designs, &c. . . \ Report on Designs . . J Declined Payment. 52 10 0 13 Richards, Capt. G. H., R.N., F.R.S.: Payment as Juror for Maps 52 10 0 17 Robinson, J. C.: Payment as Associate Juror for Ceramic Manufactures .... 52 10 0 40 Roden, Capt . W. S.: Payment as Associate Juror for Mining and Metallurgy . . . • • 52 10 0 90 Rogers, Rev. W., M.A.: Payment as Juror for Adult Educational Apparatus .... 52 10 0 27 Ross, M.: Payment as Juror for Cotton . 52 10 0 52 24 Russell, J. Scott, M.A., F.R.S. : Payment as Juror for Machinery . Report on Machinery Ryder, Rear Admiral, C.B., R.N.: Payment as Associate Juror for Heating and Lighting .... 52 10 0 43 10 0 96 0 0 52 10 0 G4 Sabine, R.: Report on Telegraphy . » 52 10 0 4 Scott, Lieut.-Col., R.E.: Payment as Associate Juror for Architec¬ tural Designs .... 52 10 0 91 Senior, Nassau J.: Payment as Associate Juror for Cheap Fur¬ niture ..... 52 10 0 Shuttleworth, Sir J. P. Kay, Bart.: Vice-President, Group X. . • 52 10 0 41 91 Simmonds, P. L.: Payment as Associate Juror for Products of Forests . . . . . Report on Products of Forests . • Smith, R. H. Soden, M.A.: Report on Cheap Furniture and Food » 52 10 0 52 10 0 • O 105 0 0 52 10 0 47 28 Smyth, Warington W., M.A.: Payment as Juror for Mining Machinery . Report on Mining Machinery . . Spotten, W. : Payment as Juror for Flax and Hemp • 52 10 0 31 10 0 84 0 0 52 10 0 26 Stanley, J. M.: Payment as Juror for Fancy Articles 52 10 0 28 Stevelly, J.: Report on Flax and Hemp . . 52 10 0 12 Strange, Lieut.-Col. A., F.R.S. , F.R.A.S.: Associate Juror for Mathematical Instruments • • 52 10 0 Appendix (AA.) to Mr. Cole’s Report. 271 Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — - Total. £ s. d. £ s. d. 57 Tail, Col. F. L.: Associate Juror for Manufacture of Clothing Unable to act. 57 Tait, P.: Payment as Juror for Manufacture of Cloth- ing . . 52 10 0 Thompson, C. T.: 6 Payment as Delegate for Printing and Books 52 10 0 9 Report on Photography . • . 26 5 0 78 15 0 43,85. Thomson, Dr. T., F.R.S.: Payment as Associate Juror for Agricultural Products .... . . 52 10 0 42 Thomson, Prof. W., F.P.S.: Payment as Juror for Products of Shooting and Pishing .... 52 10 0 Report on Products^of Shooting and Pishing 9 0 0 61 10 0 24 Tyndall, J., LL.D., F.R.S.: J uror for Heating and Lighting « 6 Declined Payment. 88 Veitch, J.: Payment as J uror for Hothouse Plants . , 52 10 0 2 Vincent, S.: Payment as Associate Juror for Water¬ colour Drawings . 52 10 0 Wallis, G.: 28 Payment as Associate Juror for Plax and Hemp .... 52 10 0 22 Report on Bronzes, &c.. 51 0 0 103 10 0 46 Watson, Dr. Forbes, A.M., F.R.S.: Payment as Juror for Leather and Skins . 52 10 0 30 Way, H. S.: Payment as Associate Juror for Wool . 52 10 0 48 Webb, T.: Associate Juror for Agricultural Appara¬ tus . Webber, Capt. C. E., R.E.: 24 & Testing House. Report on Heating and Lighting . , . 31 10 0 41 Webber, T. W.: Report on Products of Forests . . 52 10 0 Weld, C. R. : 12, 23 Reports on Mathematical Instruments and J52 10 0 Horology .... \ 33 0 0 85 10 0 26 West, F.: Payment as Associate Juror for Fancy Articles .... # , 52 10 0 3 Westmacott, R., R.A.: Report on Sculpture , , 52 10 0 64 Wheatstone, Sir Charles, F.R.S.: Payment as Juror for Telegraphy . . 52 10 0 272 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Services of Jurors— continued. Class. — — Total. £ s. d. & s. d. 25, 26 Whiting, S. : Reports on Perfumery and Fancy Articles f 13 iO 1 52 10 0 0 66 0 0 6 Wilson, C. It.: Payment as Associate Juror for Printing and Books .... 52 10 0 10, 90 Payment as Delegate for Musical Instru- ments and Adult Education 52 10 0 105 0 0 48 Wilson, Jacob: Payment as Juror for Agricultural Appara¬ tus . . 52 10 0 66 Woolley, Rev. J., LL.R.: Payment as Associate Juror for Navigation . . 52 10 0 67 Woolloton, C.: Payment as Associate Juror for Cereals . . 52 10 0 20 Wostenholme, G. Payment as Juror for Cutlery . 52 10 0 15 Wyatt, M. Rigby, F.S.A.: Payment as Juror for Upholstery . 52 10 0 15 Report on Upholstery 52 10 0 18 „ on Carpets 52 10 0 19 „ on Paper Hangings 52 10 0 210 0 0 11, 64 Yapp, G. W.: Payment as Delegate for Surgical Instru¬ ments and Telegraphy . • • 52 10 0 LONDON: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswooee, Printers to the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty. For Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. REPORTS ON THE PARIS UNIVERSAL EXHIBITION, 1867. YOL. II. CONTAINING OIL AND OTHER PAINTINGS. SCULPTURE. ARCHITECTURE. ENGRAVING. PRINTING AND STATIONERY. APPLIED ART. PHOTOGRAPHY. REPORTS ON SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS. FURNITURE AND DECORATION. GLASS, POTTERY, AND TERRA COTTA. PLATE, JEWELLERY, AND ART METAL WORK. LEATHER AND FANCY WORK, AND PERFUMERY. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command, of Her Majesty. LONDON: PRINTED BY GEORGE E. EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE, PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN’S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. FOR HER MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. 20406. 1868. CONTENTS. Class Page 1. Paintings in Oil, by C. W. Cope, Esq., R.A. . . .1 2. Other Paintings and Drawings, by J. C*Horsley, Esq., R.A. . 23 3. Sculpture and Die-sinking, by R. Westmacott, Esq., R.A., E.R.S.. 47 4. Architectural Designs and Models, by Professor Donaldson . 67 5. Engraving and Lithography, by Julian Marshall, Esq. . .85 6. Printing and Books, by Rev. W. H. Brookfield . . . 105 7. Paper, Stationery, Painting r and Drawing Materials, and Book¬ binding, by J. W. Appell, Esq. . . . .135 8. Applications of Drawing and Modelling to the Common Arts, in¬ cluding Designs for Industrial Purposes, by R. Redgrave, Esq., R.A. . . . . . . .137 9. Photographic Proofs and Apparatus, by Dr. Diamond . ,169 „ Photography, by C. Thurston Thompson, Esq. , . .185 10. Musical Instruments, by E. Clay, Esq. . . . .197 11. Medical and Surgical Instruments and Apparatus, by Sir J. F. Olliffe, M.D. . . . . . .221 12. Philosophical Instruments and Apparatus for teaching Science, by C. R. Weld, Esq. . . . . . .237 13. Maps and Geographical and Cosmographical Apparatus, by Lt.- Col. Cooke, R.E., F.R.G.S. ..... 263 14. Fancy Furniture, by J. H. Pollen, Esq. . . . .279 15. Upholstery and Decorative Work, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. 16. Crystal and Fancy Glass, by Henry Chance, Esq. . . „ Painting on Glass, by T. Gambier Parry, Esq. 17. Pottery, by L. Arnoux, Esq. . 65. Terra Cotta, by Henry Cole, Esq., C.B. .... 18. Carpets, Tapestry, and other Stuffs for Furniture, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. ..... 19. Paperhangings, by Matthew Digby Wyatt, Esq., F.S.A. . 21. Gold and Silver Plate, by G. J. Cayley, Esq. 22. Bronzes and other Art Castings and Repousse Work, by G. Wallis, Esq, ....... 23. Horological Instruments, by C. R. Weld, Esq. 25. Perfumery, by Sydney Whiting, Esq. .... 26, Leather Work, Fancy Articles, and Basket Work, by Sydney Whiting, Esq. ...... 36. Jewellery and Precious Stones, by N. H. M. S. Maskelyne, Esq. . 319 373 377 391 415 425 467 487 499 543 563 581 593 INTRODUCTION. The following Reports on the various Classes in the Paris Exhibition* 1867* were prepared for the Science and Art- Department in accordance with the directions of the Lords of the Committee of Council on Education* and must not be confounded with the International Jury Reports to be issued by the French Government* which are quite distinct. The scope and object of these Reports will be gathered from the following extracts from the letter to the gentlemen who were requested to prepare them, and who in many cases were not connected with the International Jury The Lord President of the Council* following the pre¬ cedent of the Paris Exhibition of 1855, is desirous of obtaining a series of Reports on the objects exhibited in the Paris Exhibition of this year. . . “ The special object of this Report is to direct the attention of British visitors, manufacturers, and others* to the useful novelties exhibited by various nations on the present occasion* to which it appears desirable their attention should be called. It is not intended to be an exhaustive Report upon the class, which it is presumed will be made by the International Juries for the Imperial Commission. The British Report should have special reference to the objects exhibited by the British Colonies and by Foreign countries, rather than those ex¬ hibited by the United Kingdom* although the latter should not be overlooked.” u It is desirable that the Report should be as short as may be consistent with the nature of the subject* and it is absolutely necessary that it should be published diming the Exhibition. It will therefore be indispensable that if the Report be undertaken by you* the manuscript should be delivered before the 15th of June at latest* and as much earlier as may be possible* to Captain Donnelly, R.E.* the Secretary to the British Juries, who will afford all necessary information in Paris, and will act as Editor to the Reports.” A 2 IV “It is probable that the Exhibition will be sufficiently arranged to enable an examination of the Class to be com¬ menced about the 15th April.” With the view of rendering these Reports useful to the public while the Exhibition lasted it was determined to publish them in a newspaper as quickly as possible. Arrangements having been made with the manager of the Illustrated London Neivs, who undertook to produce them free of all cost to the Science and Art Department with a certain amount of illustration, the publication commenced on the 6th July 1867, and continued till the 7th December. By that time about two-thirds of the Reports had been pub¬ lished. These have been revised by the authors, and with the unpublished ones are complete in these volumes. In arranging the Reports the order of the French classifi¬ cation has not been implicitly followed. The amount of matter rendering the division into four volumes desirable, those reports were brought together in each volume which appeared most allied to one another, an arrangement dictated as much by what seemed likely to be to the convenience of purchasers of single volumes as by any idea of a scientific classification. REPORTS. Report on Paintings in Oil.— (Class 1.) —By C. W. me. cope Cope, Esq., R.A. paintings in Oil. In reviewing the pictures exhibited in the Paris Uni- General im- versal Exhibition of 1867, it will be most convenient to consider them in the order in which they are placed in the catalogue, and the first we find in the series is the collection contributed by France. On entering these galleries, the visitor is impressed with gallery, their vast space, and the great number and size of the works exhibited ; and this impression is confirmed when he finds that nearly one half of that part of the building devoted to art is occupied by French productions only. The number of oil pictures exhibited by France is no less than 625. France has, in fact, considered this as a great international competitive trial of strength ; and we find that galleries, palaces, churches, and museums have poured forth their treasures to swell the amount of works, and to assert the supremacy of France in matters of taste. The works were most carefully selected out of (it is stated) the number of 10,000, by a jury composed of the very ablest painters in France. It would be, however, a mistake to suppose that the Exhibition generally can be considered in any sense as a competition. A competition can only be considered fair when ail parties are equally well represented, and have entered the lists with the intention of competing, and with a collection of carefully selected pictures by their ablest professors. Nowit happens that the art of .France alone is at all adequately represented. It must be admitted that no other country has such vast stores to fall back upon. This arises from various causes, but principally from the extensive system of competition pursued in art-education, upon which the whole system of French art-culture is founded. The student is subjected to its influence from the very commencement of his career ; he gains a place by it in the Academy; he there competes for the Prix de Rome ; he afterwards produces works to be exhibited at the annual 2 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cope on Paintings in Oil. salon , which he hopes will procure him the distinction of first, second or third class medals. He anticipates, more remotely, the distinction of being made a member of the Legion of Honour ; secondly, an officer; and, thirdly, a commander. Many of his most successful works are pur¬ chased by the State, and are deposited in galleries or museums in Paris or in the provinces. In addition to this, the more distinguished artists are constantly commissioned to chronicle on canvas the great passing events of their history, especially the victories of the French army; and these, which form a most extensive and important collec¬ tion, are not only ready at all times for any national display, but even exercise a vast influence upon the minds of the French people, who are thus stimulated to a passion for military glory, and perhaps led to an overweening estimate of its importance. As so large a proportion of the space available for pictures had been appropriated by France, it early became evident that there was not adequate room for even the comparatively small number of contributions sent by other nations. Accordingly, the Governments of Belgium, Holland, Switzerland, and Bavaria declined to accept the limited accommodation offered them, and constructed their own separate galleries in the park, outside the main build¬ ing, in which to exhibit the performances of their painters. Another general characteristic which impresses the visitor in the French collection is that the majority of important pictures represent either nude female forms or battles, and that the enthusiastic devotion to the classic element, which distinguished the late school of David, and which had, to some extent, the effect of preserving a pure moral senti- ment, is rapidly disappearing; and that the ascendancy gained by the Cf romantic ” over the classical school in the Beaux Arts is everywhere becoming more apparent. The strict attention to design inculcated in the school of David, and enforced so strongly by Ingres, and without which there is no hope to the students in art to attain the Prix de Borne, seems to have no longer a worthy theme on which to display itself. By the terms of their agreement, the students at Borne are bound to send specimens of their progress to be sub¬ mitted to the directors of the Academy in Paris, and these specimens must possess the utmost accuracy in designing the naked human form ; but as the taste for exclusively classical themes no longer exists, they are led to comply with the rules by representation of figures more congenial to modern French notions. Thus, we no longer find Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. .studies of Achilles or Romulus, or other ancient heroes, but their places are occupied by paintings of Yenus, nymphs and goats, Andromedas, and so forth. On examination, therefore, it will be found that a great proportion of the conspicuous nudities are executed by the pensioner students of the French Academy at Rome, and are generally interesting only as specimens of strict academic training; and it may be hoped that their authors will be led subsequently to devote themselves to other branches of art more intellectual and pure in character. On comparing the present school of France with that which existed a few years ago, it is evident that a great transition is taking place. We find very few representa¬ tives of the severe classic style ; and even of those subjects taken from Roman history, the greater number relate to her state of luxury or degradation, and frequently to their manners and customs only. Neither do we find religious or Christian art largely represented. With the death of Ingres and Hippolyte Flandrin, two of the greatest upholders of the pure classic taste have disappeared. Of the lamented Flandrin (Jean Hippolyte) we have only a portrait of the Emperor, executed in the careful manner his academic training had engendered, and carried out with the utmost precision of design. Work more congenial to his taste will be found in some beautiful studies for his frescoes executed for the Church of St. Germain des Pres, exhibited in an adjoining room. On examining the works of the present representatives of classic art, it will be found that Cabanel alone is very ambitious in his aspirations. He exhibits six works, three of which are epic, and three are portraits. His large work of “ Paradise Lost” affords a very instructive lesson, showing the inadequacy of mere art-language to convey interest unless it has a deeper motive than academic display. The attempt to paint the Deity (an effort always to be deprecated), surrounded by his angelic ministers, is a direct imitation of Raphael. The influence of Michael Angelo is conspicuous in the figure of Adam: the figures of Eve and Satan are in his own manner. The colouring is influenced by Titian, but it is not Titianesque, being white and feeble; and, as must invariably happen in all imitations, in no one quality is the art carried so far as it was carried by those he has imitated. In No. 120, "Nymph “ and Fawn,” great academic skill is displayed in a very offensive subject. “ The birth of Yenus ” (22) is a picture Me. Cope ON Paintings in Oil. Classic French art. 4 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cope ON Paintings in Oil. Romantic school of Prance. Meissonier and Gerome. of a more delicately moulded female form, but the colour is cold and weak to feebleness. Extreme delicacy of tone is quite compatible with warmth and vigour. The portraits of M. Cabanel are well designed : that of M. Rouher, “ the Minister of State, 5 ' is the most interesting of his pictures. If we go on with the inquiry as to other representatives of the classic school, we meet with a difficulty in finding any; but we may group together the names of Ulmann, Bougereau, Sellier, and Hamon, the first three of whom have gained the Prix de Rome, and the last resides there. Of these Hamon is the largest and most interesting con¬ tributor ; he sends eight works. They are treated in a certain shadowy, grey manner; and there is much feeling for beauty of form in the dreamy mistiness of the picture of the “ Muses leaving the Ruins of Pompeii. 5 ' His tfC Aurora " is a colourless, antique figure, sipping dew from the flower of a convolvulus. His work has more relation to sculpture than to painting. Bouguereau sends mostly academic nudities, in addition to a well-designed whole- length ; Ulmann, a picture of Junius Brutus ; and Sellier, in addition to a picture of The Levite of Ephraim Cursing the Town Gibeah,' 5 and a dead Hero and Leander, possessing great elegance of form, sends a really clever study from nature of a most disgusting subject, the “ Ammazzatoio ' 5 at Rome. But if we turn in another direction, and inquire into the condition of the modern “ romantic 5 ' and “ genre ” school, we get a very different result: for we find a long list of names of very excellent artists. Conspicuous amongst them are Meissonier and Gerome. The former contributes fourteen, and the latter thirteen works; and, although their pictures are of cabinet proportions, they may be con¬ sidered the principal upholders of French art in the present Exhibition. As excellent examples of the talent of Meissonier, may be mentioned the following pictures, although all of them are more or less stamped with his peculiar microscopic genius:—“ The Emperor at Solferino, 5 ' one of his most complete and important works ; the extent of space, the minute accuracy and finished drawing, the variety of character in the figures of men and animals, the quiet grey sky, and the spirited execution, are all admirable. Equally good is “ Napoleon I. in Russia ; ” the severe, leaden, cold sky; the advancing Emperor and his staff, muffled and stern; the tramping mass of troops in the middle-distance; and the broken, hard, cloddy ground, half covered with snow, are excellent. Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 5 The same qualities are equally apparent in the natural me. cope look and truth of effect in the picture of “ General Desaix ” paintings listening to a peasant who is giving intelligence. The iy QlL - simple action and character of the countryman are as cha¬ racteristic as the group of Generals round the fire in the wintry wood. In his pictures of figures somewhat larger in scale Meissonier is less excellent, and we miss that peculiarly focussed look, which is one of his great excellencies; as, for instance, in his portrait of M. G. Delahante, and in a lesser degree in his “ Lecture ” and “ L'Ordonnance.” Gerome is a painter of a very different stamp. Taking a wider range of subject, accurate in form, a vein of sarcasm and almost cruelty pervades all his works. Man is represented as a sensualist, woman as his victim. His great talent is undeniable. His picture of “ The Duel ” is an example of his peculiarities, and less hard in style than are his later productions. The group of surgeon and friends, all arrayed in their fancy-ball dresses, round the dying victim; his heavy weight and helplessness; the retiring victor, dressed in the costume of a Cherokee Indian with a harlequin friend for his second ; the misty wintry morning, the trampled snow, and the hearselike carriages waiting in the dismal back-ground, are all most thoroughly thought out, and well rendered. The picture of “ Louis “ XIV. and Moliere ” is an example of his treatment of subjects of another character. The quiet figure of Moliere, amused, yet composed and self-possessed, is admirably con¬ ceived, and is in strong contrast to the excited and perhaps overdone anger of the courtiers. The most agreeable of his works are, et Egyptian Corn- “ thrashing ” and “ The Prisoner; ” but all of them are conspicuous for strength of intellectual conception and dramatic force, while some are painful both in subject and treatment. Gerome is an example of the advantages, as well as the disadvantages, of severe academic training; the former in the accuracy of his drawing, the latter in his hard severity of outline. We next come to a long list of figure-painters of various kinds of excellence, who may be said to exemplify the nresent condition and tendency of French art. None of them are academic, and many of them are so various in their choice of subjects that it is almost impossible to classify them. They may, however, possibly be divided into four classes—namely, Historical*Romantic, Costume Subjects, and Portraits, Rustic and Boudoir. Mr. Cope on Paintings in Oil. R. Fleury. Tissier. Brion. Comte. Portraits and “ Genre.” Jalabert. Bonnat. Hebert. Landelle. Henriette Browne. Roux, &c. Breton and Millet. 6 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Among the most conspicuous in the first class of his¬ torical-romantic may he mentioned the names of ft. Fleury (the present director of the Academy des Beaux Arts and member of the Institute), who is represented by one picture only, e N o. 480, “ L’Angelus du Soir,” are charming pictures. Paintings Breton sends eight specimens : his feeling in art is some- what analogous to that of Millet, but, unlike him, his figures are more important than the landscape backgrounds. His “Benediction des Bids” and “ Plantation dun Cal- “ vaire ” are extensive compositions of many figures. A more interesting specimen is the “ Rappel des Glaneuses,” a very charming work both in feeling and effect. P. E. Frere. Frere sends eight excellent specimens ; Du verger a good Duverger. little picture called “ Cache-cache,” and (No. 241) “ The Labourer and his Children.” Guillemin contributes three Guiiiemin, pictures, his “LaBretagne en 1793 ” is a good interior. As a general remark, it may be asserted that the best art (to be found at present in France) is among the “ romantic ” and “genre * 9 painters. There are also to be noticed a group of good painters of Figure- familiar figure-subjects on a small scale, among whom are bub -i ecU Toulmouche, Plassan, Fichel, and Vetter. Toulmouche unites very finished execution with good expression. Plassan has four small boudoir pictures. Fichel sends three highly-finished little pictures ; and there are five by Vetter, among which is one of the subject also painted by Gerome, of “ Moliere and Louis XIV/’ The landscape art in France has of late years made con- Landscape siderable progress, also in the direction of the picturesque. dlt ‘ It is characterised by largeness and breadth of treatment, aiming mostly at bold, strong effects of nature, executed in a coarse and vigorous impasto, rather than by any feeling or delicacy. There is no painter at all equal either to our own Turner or Constable, and much of their art seems founded upon the style of the latter painter. Daubigny, T. H. Rousseau, Dupre, Fran^ais, Corot, Lanove, Belly, Ziem, Cabat, and Lambinet are the principal representatives of this branch of art. Theodore Rousseau Rousseau, is an important contributor. Of his eight pictures, perhaps No. 547, “Evening after Rain,” and No, 549, “A Farm on the Banks of the Oise,” are the best examples among his smaller works, while No. 544, “ Oak and Rocks at Fon¬ tainebleau,” illustrates his larger style. Daubigny also Daubigny, sends eight very excellent works, his “ Evening, with Figures and Sheep advancing,” No. 186, is a very charming picture, both in composition, tone, and colour. Lanove Lanove. contributes some excellent views on the Tiber, very true to nature ; and Dupre (Jules) is a good painter of strong Dupre effects, executed in a vigorous impasto ; his “ Cattle passing (Jules) ' 8 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Cope l ON Paintings in Oil. Belly! Cabat and Ziem. Battles. Yvon. Pils. Bellange. Protais. Animal painting. a Rustic Bridge/' No. 227, is an excellent example. Belly has six pictures of Eastern scenery, of which No. 27 is especially good. “Pilgrims on their Journey to Mecca/' an Egyptian plain, the sun descending behind trees, pyramids in the distance, sheep and figures advancing over the dusty and hot road. Cabat sends two Pouissin-like compositions, and Ziem three pictures of fierce Venetian effects. A striking feature in the French portion of the Exhibi¬ tion is the great preponderance of battle-pieces. The most important are contributed by the Government, and they are the result of commissions given to various artists to commemorate the battles in which the arms of France have been victorious. Thus, we have two enormous pictures, by Yvon, of the contest in the Crimea, one the “ Capture of the Mala- koff/’ the other the struggle in “ Gorge de Malakoff,” works characterised by prodigious vigour and panoramic power. Another of these gigantic battle-pieces is “ The Battle of the Alma,/’ by Pils ; who also sends a large un¬ finished work of a “Fete in Algiers given to the Emperor and Empress.” The prospect which such national employment affords must have the effect of giving a powerful impulse to artists to produce works in this direction, and this partly accounts for the number of battle-pieces we find in all French ex¬ hibitions. There are no less than twenty-one in the present collection. The late Bellange is represented by seven subjects of this class, tempered by some expressions of human kind¬ ness, as for instance, No. 20, “ The Two Friends, Sebastopol, 1853;” No. 25, “La Garde meurt, June 18, 1815,” is a very clever, spirited sketch of the famous episode at Waterloo. Protais contributes three interesting subjects of this class; No. 523, “ The Morning before the Attack/' and No. 524, “The Evening after the Combat.” They are better in feeling and effect than in painting. ** The Morning ” is fresh and clear in colour ; the troops wait in hushed and excited silence for the word of command for the forward rush. In “ The Evening ” they have regathered, hot, tired, dusty, and wounded, friends embrace each other, the tff rappel ” is sounding, they occupy ground cumbered with fallen foes. The third picture (No. 525), “Return to Camp,” is of the same character, but of a deeper and more solemn tone of colour. In animal painting we find some very clever works by Fromentin, Rosa Bonheur, and the late Troyon. Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 9 Fromentin contributes seven pictures of Arab life. The Mr, 0 ^ ope horses are full of spirit, and there is a great vigour in his Partings general treatment and execution. Of Rosa Bonheur we —‘ find no less than ten pictures, all in her usual manner. Fromentm - No. 50, “ Sheep on the Seaside, 5 ' belonging to the Empress, Rosa is painted in a very delicate key, and is more refined Bonlieur * throughout than some of her other works. The cool blue- green of the sea, coming in opposition to the warm colour of the sheep, is particularly happy in effect. There are also five contributions by the late clever painter Troyon. Troyon. Out of the number of 625 pictures exhibited by France, no less than 252 are contributed either by the State or by public museums of art scattered through the principal towns, showing what a vast amount of encouragement the French artists receive as well as what an interest is taken by the nation in matters of taste. Belgian Art. It has been already mentioned that, in consequence of Belgian art. the dissatisfaction expressed by the Belgian artists with the limited space allotted to them in the International Exhibition, their Government undertook, at its own cost, to erect a separate and suitable gallery outside the main building. This has accordingly been done, and we fin d collected in it carefully selected specimens of the works of some of their principal painters. The Belgian artists, like their Flemish ancestors, delight most in scenes of home life, although their art-language is more French than Flemish in its character and treatment, possessing little of the juicy touch and transparent colour of the old school. The principal representatives are few in number, and out of 186 pictures, 52 are sent by five artists only, namely. Leys, Stevens, Willems, Verlat, and the marine-painter, Clays. Leys is the principal contributor. He sends 12 works, Leys, some of them of considerable size, and all in the same peculiar mediaeval style this able painter has chosen to adopt. They are all subjects taken from the stirring period of the great struggle with Spain for religious and civil free¬ dom in the sixteenth century, and are interesting specimens of the master. Stevens sends no less than 18 works, all of them of Stevens, small size and of domestic interest. He has a fine feeling for colour and texture. Many of his pictures are merely studies of single figures, such as No. 122, “La Dame Rose, 5 ’ a lady in pink muslin ; or No. 129, “ Fleurs 10 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cope on Paintings in Oil. Willems. Other Belgian painters. cTAutonme,” a lady in grey examining an autumn nose¬ gay ; but he is capable of touching a deeper chord, as in No. 132, “ Consolation,” a picture admirable for its ex¬ pression of kind and simple feeling of sympathy with suffering; as a contrast to which may be mentioned No. 123, “ Tous les Bonheurs,” representing the deep and quiet happiness of a young mother nursing her hungry but well satisfied infant. Willems contributes 13 of his popular pictures, all scenes of home life in the seventeenth century. His subjects are very slight incidents of daily occurrence, but in his narrow range he contrives to produce excellent work. His pictures possess great breadth of light and shadow, and agreeable negative colour. His principal composition is a L’accouchee,” representing the interior of an apartment in which lies asleep, on a beautiful bed, a young mother; the quiet rest after previous exhaustion is charmingly ex¬ pressed, the healthy country nurse is attending to the hungry infant s wants, while two visitors approaching on tiptoe are hushed by the warning action of the lady (mother) in black. Another excellent specimen of this painters work is a small picture called “ J’y etais/’ a quiet old soldier, with his back turned, looking at the picture of a sea-fight, while his companion, a young lady in yellow satin, is listening to his remarks. The colour and arrangement of this little picture are admirable. Yerlat is a painter of a more ambitious aim than the preceding ; he exhibits four works. A “ Dead Christ at the Foot of the Cross ”—-well drawn and meritorious in workmanship; a large rustic picture, called “ Au Loup I ” —some peasants rescuing a dead lamb ; an excellent small portrait of the late painter “ J. Lies; ” and “ La Yierge et FEnfant Jdsus -a very carefully elaborated picture of very high aim and tender feeling. Pauwels (Ferd.) is a very interesting painter of history on a small scale; of his four pictures, that of, “ The Return of those proscribed by the Duke of Alba 59 may be men¬ tioned as full of tender feeling and breadth of effect. The centre group of the wife embracing her husband has unob¬ trusive and quiet dignity, and the figures are well composed, while the expression is not overdone. The waving flags, the acclamations of the people, and the ringing of bells are all sufficiently hinted at. Hamman sends three pictures. No. 62, “ The Education of Charles Y.,” is the most inte¬ resting ; the weary expression of the young prince, seated, Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 11 with dangling legs, in a high chair, listening to the lecture Mr. Cope by Erasmus, is very good. We have also De Groux, a paintings painter of scenes of humble life, having great merit of IN QlL - expression ; and De Winne, a good portrait painter. The principal landscape-painter is Clays, an able artist; his five pictures of Dutch boats, seacoast, and sky are all excellent in colour, and in their truth to nature. The visitor will leave this gallery with a feeling that the art of Belgium (as here represented), if not very high in aim or wide in range, is in a sound and healthy condition. There are few contributors, but those present are well represented, and it is a subject of regret that there are no works by Gallait. Holland. The separate gallery constructed by the Government of Holland. Holland is placed near that of Belgium. The number of pictures is 170. Most of them have a greater affinity with the broad generality of treatment and solid painting of the French school than with the refined delicacy of execution and rich juciness of colour so characteristic of the old Dutchmen. The figure-subjects of their pictures are gene¬ rally taken from familiar life. The most impressive and powerful of their painters is Israels; (80), “ The Last Israels. Sigh/' is an instance of this power. The effect of the picture is very solemn and true in tone, and excellent in feeling, but coarse in execution and negligent in form. No. 81 is equally good in tone and effect, and admirable in the treatment of the whites; and in No. (78), “ Le vrai Soutien,” the expression of the weak mother as she regards her staggering child is full of tenderness.. All his five works are equally characteristic. Bles sends, amongst others, a touching subject of “ La other Dutch Place Vide au Foyer; ” and Alma Tadema contributes pamters ‘ thirteen pictures of Egyptian or Homan archaeological interest. Bakkerkorff has three diminutive productions, after the manner of Meissonier; No. 19, an old woman “ Heading a Newspaper/’ is very good in character. Schendel sends several pictures, all subjects of candle¬ light effect, remarkable rather for their smooth surface than for any high artistic quality. Such candle-light treatment is not objectionable in the representation of fairs and market-places; but it is not applicable to some subjects of a higher character, such as we here find that he has attempted. Mr. Cope on Paintings in Oil. Prussia. Knaus, &c. Bavaria. 12 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. There are two interesting little works by Scheltema, and one by Trigt of a “ Catechism in a Lutheran Church.” Among the landscapes may be mentioned a charming little picture, No. 120, “The Swallows/' by Roelofs; and some Dutch scenes, not badly executed, by Yerveer. Prussia. Returning to the main building, and entering the galleries devoted to the art of Prussia and the northern States of Germany, we find that the great majority of the pictures consists of genre subjects and landscape ; there are few attempts at historical painting, and still fewer at religious art. The principal contributor in the school of Prussia is Knaus, a painter of familiar subjects of common life, showing much appreciation of rustic character and humour. Of his seven pictures No. 61 may be mentioned as an ad¬ mirable study of character; No. 57, “ The Mousetrap,” is a study of Rembrandt-like effect ; while No. 60, “ Saltim- banque,” represents a crowd of rustics in a barn astonished at the performances of a juggler. Menzel contributes a large dark picture of “ Frederick the Great at Hochkirch/’ placed too high ; and among other principal contributors may be mentioned the names of Haberle, Becker, Sclioltz, Lasch, Heilbuth, and Kruger, in figure subjects. Hunten sends two battle-pieces, of actions with the poor Danes; and the principal landscape art is contributed by Saal, Hoeter, and Gude. The productions of Prussia mostly emanate from the school of Dusseldorf. They possess no very special character to distinguish them from French art, to which they are gradually more and more tending. The peculiarly national art of Germany is rather to be looked for in her frescoes, or large wall pictures, than in her oil paintings. The number of works contributed is 98, the majority of which are the property of the painters. Bavaria. The next school of art in the order of the catalogue is Bavaria; but to examine her productions the visitor must again leave the main building and enter the separate series of galleries constructed in the park outside, near the Ecole Militaire. The Bavarian school of oil painting is more excellent in design than in effect or colour. For them the great Venetians might never have existed. Educated in a school Mr. G. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 13 of monumental art, suited to the decoration of large public me. cope buildings, they seem unable to shake off its severe fetters, paintings W e must not, therefore, expect to find great skill in the IN ° IL - graces of execution and colour ; but they will be found to possess great ability in composition, and considerable dramatic power. This modern school, like that of most continental schools, seems founded upon that of France, both in its style of work, its perception of nature, and in the subjects it most affects. The principal contributors are Piloty, Horschelt, Adam, Schuets, Sen wind, and Liezenmayer in figure subjects. An able picture, by Piloty, is “ The Murder of Csesar,” a piioty. dramatic scene, vigorously executed. His “ Peter Domeni- cus preaching to the Soldiers,” painted in 1856, is a better picture, well composed, and solemn in effect; he sends four works. Adam and Horschelt are represented by battle other pictures. The latter, “ The Storming of an Intrencliment pSers. 1 of Schamyl by the Russians/’ is a vigorous composition. Adam (Francis) sends an impressive picture, “ The Road between Solferino and Yaleggio,” (3) a scene observed by the artist on the spot, and rendered with great fidelity. The variety in the grouping, the various kinds and degrees of suffering, the heat and dust, are very true to nature, and give the picture a terrible kind of interest. Schuets sends a pretty but hard picture of “ Easter Morning Schwind some weird-like subjects; and Liezenmayer’s No. 105, “ Canonisation of Elizabeth of Hungary,” is an impressive picture. Yoltz sends some very clever cattle pieces; and among the landscape paintings are some effective little pictures by Adolphus Lier—especially good are his Nos. 102 and 103 ; and there are some good portraits by Lenback. It should not be omitted that there are also in this gallery a series of large monumental works, destined for the Maximilianeuin at Munich. The number of oil pictures contributed by Bavaria is 211. Out of this number 119 are sent by the artists themselves, and are mostly for sale. Austria. Austria is represented in a gallery of the main building. Austria. There are eighty-nine contributions. Among the most im¬ portant works are No. 49, “ The Diet of Warsaw, 1773,” by Matejiko—a large scenic picture, coarsely executed, with strong impasto, and not ill composed; No. 18, by Engerth, an immense picture of a “ Yictory over the Turks by Prince B 14 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Cope on Paintings in Oil. Switzer¬ land. Spain. Eugene ; " No, 5, The Battle of Colin/' by Allemand (Sigismund); and an equestrian portrait, by Thoren, of “ The Emperor of Austria." In “ genre " painting there are contributions by Waldmuller, Schon, Loffler, and Friedlander ; and a marine picture, in which a steam-ram is probably for the first time introduced, is contributed by Puttner. The Art of Austria is in no way remarkable for any dis¬ tinctive national traits. The painting is coarse and opaque, and the subjects chosen are usually highly dramatic, de¬ pending more on the interest of the story to be told than on any refined qualities of treatment. Switzerland. Switzerland has also constructed a gallery of her own in the park, in which to exhibit her art-productions. If not conspicuous for very great excellence in her paintings, she boasts of possessing some first-rate engravers, especially in Weber and Girardet. She contributes 112 pictures, the larger number of which are views of scenes of great natural grandeur among her mountain retirements, and as such are interesting and aften impressive. But her landscape painters have not yet learned that the simplest subject in nature becomes interesting when treated by an able artist,, while the greatest scenes are comparatively unimpressive unless they are influenced by poetical feeling and artistic treatment. Spain. Returning to the principal galleries in the main building, we enter that devoted to Spanish art. The works, forty- two in number, are characterised by a deep tone of colour, and strong vigorous impasto. Among the principal contri¬ butors may be named Rosales, who sends No. 36, “Isabella the Catholic making her Will," an agreeable, solemn picture in effect and colour, the faces and hands not sufficiently attended to; Gisbert, the painter of No. 14, “Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers," and two good small portraits in ancient costumes, one a flute and the other a guitar player. Nos. 16 and 17. Palmaroli, who has an effective piece of strong colour, in No. 31, “Sermon in the Sistine Chapel; Gonzalvo, a large “ interior," which has the same qualities; and Maureta, who sends an agreeably-coloured picture (26), “ Tasso in the Convent of St. OnofrioA There are also a vigorous Tiepolo-like study by Agrasot, and two small pictures somewhat in the style of Meissonier, by Ruiperez. Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 15 Casado del Alisal and Sans also contribute each a large picture. We find little in the way of landscape art; Rico has attempted one rocky scene, and Gesa sends some well- painted still life. The influence of France on the art of Spain is evident. Portugal. The specimens sent by Portugal are few and unimportant, being only twenty-three in number. Lupi is the most con¬ spicuous contributor, he sends a picture of “ Tintoret and his Daughter/’ and three portraits, executed in a peculiar style on a granulated surface. Greece. Greece contributes four pictures, the principal one being a moonlight picture, by Litras, of “ Antigone,” in the style of the French school. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Next in order are the schools of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Denmark is represented by twenty-nine oil-pictures. The only effort of an historical character is the contribution, by Block, of “ Samson ” (2) ? a powerful man turning a corn- mill, and goaded by a leering old man seated in the centre. The remaining pictures of this school consist entirely of genre and landscape art. Mdme. Jerichau sends eight works, the most interesting of which are the “ Shipwreck “ on the Coast of Jutland ” and a small picture called “ La Raccomodeuse.” There is a very good landscape, by Rump, of some well-drawn trees and a quiet lake in the distance ; and two vigorous marine pictures by Sverensen. In No. 29 the force of the rolling sea is excellently rendered. In noticing the works of Sweden and Norway, it would be a neglect not to mention the vigorous scenic pictures by his Majesty Charles XV. The school, generally, is in close relationship with that of Dusseldorf, at which place most of the principal painters reside, so that it may be almost considered as a branch of that school. The principal if not the only picture of history is No. 18, by Hoeckert, an interesting night scene, dark almost to obscurity, and placed too high. Hoeckert’s other two pictures can be better seen. His “ Lapland Interior ” (19) is an interesting and excellent work ; and his small picture, “ Return from “ the Wedding ” (20), is a pleasant representation of a B 2 Me. Cope on Paintings in Oil. Portugal. Greece. Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. 16 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Me. cope bride, crowned with a large golden ornament, landing out Paintings of a boat. The colour is fresh, and breathes with the cool air of morning. Tidemand contributes the well-known picture of the “ Combat in Ancient days,” a large Nor¬ wegian composition, where both the combatants are slain; and No. 44, a “ Lutheran Sacrament administered to the “ Old and Infirm.” Fagerlin is a very excellent painter of genre subjects. His three pictures are admirable, both in character and expression. In No. 16, “ Jealousy,” the figure of the (very justly) jealous girl is most successful. Malmstrom’s “ Elves by Moonlight ” is poetical ; and Hansen’s good little work, “ Visit to a Chalet,” Boklund’s, No. 9, “ Un Savant,” and Wallander’s small humorous pictures are all worthy of remark. In landscape art, the principal painters of Sweden are Berg and Staaff; and of Norway Eckersberg, Gude, Nielsen, and Muller. A rocky hillside in Sweden (24), painted by Kioerboe, represents the Prince of Wales elk-shooting, the hillsides being much better in execution than the figures. The colour of these schools partakes of the black and dreary character and solid opacity of that of Dusseldorf. Sweden contributes fifty-four works ; Norway is represented by forty-five. Russia. Russia. On entering the rooms devoted to Russian art, which is mostly genre in its tendencies, the visitor looks in vain for anything nationally characteristic. There is no lack of Muscovite or Finland subjects, but they are treated in the modern French manner, and seem rather French than Russian. There is but one attempt at painting an elevated subject (19), by Gue, “The Last Supper,” an impressive picture. The foreboding expression of the reclining figure of Christ is well rendered ; while the light on the ground concealed by the dark figure of the traitor Judas is effective, although somewhat theatrical. Simmler also contributes two pictures of history. The princijDal genre contributors are Peroff, Bizzoni, and Popoff. Of PerofFs five highly-finished little pictures his best is “ A Village Funeral ” (34)—pure in colour and tender in feeling, representing a sledge containing a dead child, and the open coffin driven over the snow by the sorrowing mother. Popoff sends a national village scene ; and Rizzoni’s four small pictures are subjects of Jewish synagogues painted in Rome. The painters of battle scenes are Kotzebue, who sends two works (24) “ Battle of Pultawa ”—very vigorous—and Mr. C. W. Cope on Paintings in Oil. 17 ' Bogolionboff, whose marine combats are almost the only Mr. Cope national pictures to be seen in the gallery. paintings Among the landscapes are an excellent picture by Clodt, 1 — ’ No. 9, a flat country in rainy weather; and a moonlight at sea, by Ayvasovsky. The number of pictures is sixty- three. Italy. The next gallery is that devoted to Italy. The modern Italy, art of Italy, like that of most of the Continental schools, seems to be an offshoot from that of France, and has no distinctive character of its own. The inspiring religious motive of its earlier schools no longer" exists, and art seems as objectless in aim as it is weak in expression. Among the few able painters of the school (some of whom reside in Paris), all are more or less imbued with the modem French feeling in art. Among these may be men¬ tioned Farruffini, who contributes No. 14, “ Machiavel and Borgia,” and a very clever sketch for a large picture of a bread-giving scene in a cathedral (not named in the cata¬ logue) ; Ussi, who is represented by a well-executed picture (also not named) ; Gastaldi, who sends a large, well- executed battle-piece, No. 4, of “The Siege of Tortosa by Barbarossa Zoud, who sends a “ Meeting between Titian and Paul Veronese” (not at all Venetian) ; and Focosi, who sends a picture of strong effect, No. 15, “ Catherine de Medicis and Charles IX.” Of 9^or> » . ? ■ vi '- ; • ; . '• . !’.> - H- 'VI'JOOfiO il?> . . . : ■ ;«i f■ ; ^ ' -— Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Drawings , &c. 23 Report on Miniatures, Water-colour Paintings, Pastels and Drawings of all Kinds; Paintings on Enamel, Earthenware, and China ; Cartoons for Stained Glass and Frescoes ; and Mosaics.— (Class 2.)—By J. C. Horsley, Esq., R.A. The following remarks are not to be considered as an exhaustive report upon the various objects included in Class 2 ; but only as general observations upon the condition of the arts represented, such as may suffice to direct attention to those specimens which are most remarkable for the artistic power and taste displayed, without special reference to purely mechanical skill or excellence of manu¬ facture. The works under consideration are distributed as follows:— In “ Miniatures and Water-colour Paintings ” England alone makes any display of importance. There is a fair show of Pastels and Drawings of all Kinds; ” fC Paintings on Enamel, Earthenware, and China,” are generally and fully represented; whilst “ Cartoons for Stained Glass and Fres¬ coes ” are contributed by Bavaria, Prussia, and Belgium only. In mosaics the examples are few, but highly in¬ teresting. It will, perhaps, not be out of place before considering in detail the specimens in any one of the arts represented, to refer briefly to the principles which should govern its treatment. Commencing, then, with “ Water-colour Paintings, in¬ cluding Miniatures,” it is hoped that the great importance of the subject will excuse the following prefatory remarks:— Water-colour painting, or, rather, to use the older and far more appropriate expression, water-colour drawing (that is, drawing upon paper with transparent colour ground in water), may be said to have been brought to maturity in England in the latter half of the last century, and, after producing many admirable artists, it attained its highest excellence in our own time, in the works of Turner, Cox, Dewint, Hunt, Copley, Fielding, and others—Turner being, beyond question, the greatest of all water-colour draughts¬ men. It is in England only that a school of water-colour artists ever existed; and it is to England alone that we must apparently look for the continued practice of an art the results of which are universally admitted to be an honour Mr. Hors¬ ley ON Minia¬ tures, &c. Prefatory- remarks on water¬ colour draw¬ ing. 24 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Hoes- LEY ON Minia- TUEES, &C. Turner’! of opaque colour. to our country. It is, therefore, a serious subject for con¬ sideration to notice that scarcely one pure water-colour drawing, unpolluted by opaque colour, is now produced. The following anecdote shows what Turner’s views were practiced* on this point:—Three or four years since, the writer of this to the use report was looking at some of Turner’s exquisite water¬ colour drawings in a London sale room, in company with one or two distinguished members of the old Water-Colour Society, and ventured to draw their attention to the fact that Turner never used opaque colour in his finished water¬ colour drawings, and also to suggest that its use was the cause of the generally-admitted deterioration in the works of modern water colour draughtsmen, as compared with those of the great artists named above. At the close of these observations, a voice (from one hitherto unobserved) said, with a strong Scotch accent, “ You ’re just using Turner’s own words.” The speaker proved to be the late Mr. Monro, of Novar, formerly an intimate friend of Turner, and the possessor of some of his most precious works, both in oil and water-colour. He then said that the only occasion on which he could remember Turner showing any excitement or ani¬ mation in conversation (he was generally a man of very few words) was at the time the use of opaque colour in water¬ colour drawings was first introduced ; and, meeting Harding and some other artists who had adopted the practice at Mr. Monro’s, he not only reprobated in the strongest terms the course they were pursuing, but asserted emphatically that if persisted in it would prove “ the ruin of the art of water¬ colour drawing.” These, as Mr. Monro said, are “ Turner’s own words; ” and who will question their importance and the vital truth they contain ? Turner in his practice showed how entirely he appreciated what may be termed the genius of the materials he used. Just as in oil he never failed to take advantage of its power of solidity combined with transparency, so he never sullied the lovely quality of transparency in water-colour—its very essence and spirit—with opaque mixtures. It is as great an error in artistic practice merely to stain a canvas with thin washes of oil colour as it is to pollute water-colour with opaque mixtures; and when the moment arrives that a water-colour draughtsman finds he cannot give expression to his artistic feeling without the use of solid colour, let him at once become an oil painter or work in distemper. The use of splotches of permanent white (a great misnomer, by the way) amidst transparent water-colour is as incongruous and inharmonious in its results as is the ruling of skies by machinery, combined with hand work, in modern engraving. Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Drawings, <&c. 25 It has been just observed that the term permanent white ” is a great misnomer, and this opens up a question of very serious import to the possessors of drawings in which it is much used. A short time before the death of that great artist, John Leech, during a discussion at his house upon the question now under review, he exhibited a proof from a wood engraving of one of his inimitable designs, upon which he had worked with permanent white, obtained from one of the best makers, and had then placed in a drawer. Upon taking it out some few weeks afterwards, he found that the vaunted permanency of the material was short-lived indeed, and that almost every one of his touches in white had turned black from having been kept unexposed to light. It would appear, therefore, that the owners of drawings in which opaque colour is used should be careful not to keep them long covered up, and should beware, also, of any accidental blows or jarrings, since, when used in large quantities, this very permanent material is apt to crack and peel off.* It is also injuriously affected by moisture in the atmosphere. This is no place to sing paeans in praise of Turner, a theme which is ever upon the lips of all lovers of art, and which has given birth to some of the most eloquent of modern literary compositions; but it is quite within the range of an endeavour to assert the true principle of water-colour drawing to urge upon art-students a constant study of Turner’s works, and it may be with truth asserted that in no one of his completed drawings will a touch of opaque colour be found. He occasionally, though very rarely, used it in his sketches from nature, where he desired to get with the utmost rapidity the effect which at the moment impressed him ; but these sketches were almost always made upon tinted paper, where the necessity for using opaque white may be said to be absolute. It is to be feared that the temptation to produce drawings with rapidity and comparative facility has been the chief cause of the general adoption of a practice which Turner pronounced to be so pernicious. A water-colour draughtsman who cherishes the pure and beautiful ground he works upon for his lights, or, if he has lost this, scrapes or washes them out, has a far harder and more anxious time of it than he * Pure water-colour drawings should always he protected from unnecessary exposure to light, and kept either in portfolios and cases, or, if framed, should have curtains to draw over them occasionally. But this, it would appear, is the reverse of the treatment required by opaque mixtures. Therefore it would seem difficult to take due care of drawings which are a combination of the two materials. Mr. Hors¬ ley ox Mixia- TURES, &C. 26 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Hoes- IEY ON Minia- TUEES, &C. who, by the aid of opaque mixtures, dabs them on in a moment and renews them at pleasure. It may, however* readily be conceded that another and worthier reason for the use of opaque colour is the yearning of the artist to have substance and solidity in his material; but, as has been remarked above, when he feels this, and that he is flagging in devotion to those qualities of art which water-colour, and water-colour alone, can produce, he should become an oil painter, and cease to be a water-colour draughtsman.* The art of pure water colour is entirely free from that element of evil which is an enduring source of vexation to every true painter in oil, and to get rid of which his choicest devices are put in practice—namely, the sense and look of the material paint, and some of the loveliest effects in nature are far more touchingly and truly rendered in water colour than in oil. It is a trite remark to say that there is no rule without an exception; and it would not be right to quit this subject without calling attention to the practice of William Hunt— one of the greatest amongst the great men already referred to. During the latter years of his life, and especially in his marvellous studies of fruit and flowers, there is no doubt that he used opaque colour freely, but in a manner and with a skill entirely his own. In his drawings there are no dabs and splotches; but the opaque stuff is so hidden up and carefully blended, that, without minute examination, you * The vain attempt to combine the qualities of transparent and opaque colour may possibly have led to an error in taste and judgment on the part of modern water-colour draughtsmen, which, as it is confined entirely to English artists, should not pass unnoticed. The error referred to is that of framing drawings like oil pictures—that is to say, without marginal mounts. < That this is a fault seems to be tacitly acknowledged by the artists themselves, for there are many drawings in this Exhibition which have been previously seen in England at the various water-colour societies, framed up to the edge, that now appear upon wide mounts, and are consequently greatly improved in effect. The whole system of gold frames has frequently been thought to be questionable, the mass of yellow glittering surface having certainly an un¬ pleasing and injurious effect upon the exhibition walls. It has been more than once suggested that a return should be made, if only partially and ex¬ perimentally, to the use of black frames, or black with a slight admixture of gold, such as inclosed the great works of the Dutch and Elemish painters. At any rate, it will be generally conceded that the delicate hues of water¬ colour have not power to contend with the garishness of gold frames richly ornamented, and that drawings are always greatly improved by that separation from actual contact with the frame which a mount ensures. It has been urged that there would not be space in the various Exhibition rooms for mounted drawings, but there is a ready answer to such an objection. Let the width of frames in present use be in no way increased, but utilized thus :— Give half or three-quarters of an inch to a simple gold bead, and devote the remainder of the space to mounts of any toned white thought to be generally suitable. It may be noticed that every foreign water-colour drawing in the present Exhibition is, without exception, mounted. Mr. Horsley on Miniatures , Water-colour Drawings , &c. 27 scarcely detect its presence. But, beautiful as these works are, and speaking with the utmost reverence of such a genius as Hunt, a comparison between his former and latter styles would show the great and undoubted superiority of his earlier work in pure and refined artistic qualities. The very exceptional nature of Hunt’s practice in this respect is clearly shown by comparing it with that of one as great as he, David Cox. It may be truly said that every touch of opaque colour in the drawings of this admirable artist now exhibited gives a pang of grief to the spectator, marring and blurring, as it does, his otherwise beautiful workmanship. It remains only to express a fervent hope that a revival of the pure art of water colour may not be far distant—the art as it was practised by Turner and by his eminent pre¬ decessors and contemporaries, and one which it has been the special glory of England to have originated and fostered. Might it not further such a desirable consummation if there were occasional exhibitions in London of what may be termed the old masters of the water-colour school ? What treasures of art would then be revealed ! Perhaps the object in view would be still more effectually promoted by a com¬ bined exhibition of the old and new styles. May those who have time and zeal for such a work be induced to take it in hand ! In calling the attention of visitors to particular water¬ colour drawings and miniatures in the Paris International Exhibition especial reference will be made to the mode in which the principles above referred to are carried into prac- tice. It is, however, to be borne in mind that this report is in no way intended as a catalogue raisonne or complete handbook, and that it has been requested that foreign con¬ tributions should be more dwelt upon than those from England. It is not a little painful to be obliged to commence the task of criticism by saying, that amongst all the water¬ colour drawings exhibited, one by a French artist and a few from Russia (to be noticed presently) are the only pure examples to be found. It is difficult to select any of the foreign landscape water-colour drawings as worthy of special remark, except, perhaps a drawing by Felix Ziein (No. 624* in the catalogue, French section.) This * Unless the French catalogue has been much improved and corrected since the month of May, hut little reliance can he placed upon it. The catalogue of the British section, printed for Her Britannic Majesty's Commis¬ sion, is a model of good arrangement and accuracy. Me. Hoes- XEY ON Minia- TUEES, &C. Water¬ colour draw¬ ings in the Exhibition. 28 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Hors- is a careful and well-studied drawing good and true in Min?/- effect, with something of the real quality of light in parts, tures, &c. | 3ut muddy and bad where opaque colour has been used. This is especially to be remarked in the sky and water at the horizon on the left side of the drawing. Water- It may be here observed that it is impossible to see the ?ngs U exh? w " French water-colour and other drawings properly, owing to France 7 the mode of lighting the French galleries, which certainly does not seem a plan worthy of imitation. It has the effect of illuminating unduly the upper portion of the walls and casting the lower part into half tone ; whilst the screens in the centre (upon which the drawings are hung) are in deep shadow. The other landscape drawings, which are few in number, are laboured and common-place. It may, however, be re¬ marked that the French water-colour landscape draughtsmen do not ignore the qualities of light and colour after the fashion and to the extent of their brethren the painters in oil; still, there is little apparent devotion to the blue skies and brilliant sunshine with which their climate generally favours them, and it would appear that French landscape-painters positively shrink from the endeavour to paint those effects in nature with which they must be most familiar, and cling to grey neutral tones and cloudy effects such as, comparatively speak¬ ing, they rarely see. Even when they go to Italy, or to the East, they scarcely ever attempt to paint light and sunshine. How curiously different is the artistic purpose and endeavour amongst more northern painters ! Think of Cuyp and De Hooghe, and how Turner set the sun in the heavens he represented ! How comes it to pass that the mist-laden and fog-shrouded painters of Holland and Great Britain should be for ever pursuing that artistic will-o’-the-wisp, the endeavour to paint light; whilst the Frenchman, who can reckon on several months in the year of constant sunshine, delights in tones and hues of the sombrest kind—many of his landscapes looking like nature seen through a smoked glass ? Perhaps it is the old story of familiarity breeding contempt ; and thus, whilst the former make the most of those gleams of sunshine occasionally vouchsafed them, the latter grasp at effects of cloud and gloom that they rarely see. Amongst the French figure drawings the pure work already alluded to is by Tourny (No. 596 in catalogue), the subject, two monks at a benitier, very carefully and well drawn, good in character and expression, and the colour unobjectionable. It appears to be completely free from opaque colour, and thus gains immeasurably in quality. Pils’ sketches of mili¬ tary life and action are clever and characteristic, but marred Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Drawings, &c. 29 by an extravagant use of the opaque abomination, remark- Mr. Hors- able even in a sketch—skies looking like plastered walls, Minia- where a wash of transparent colour would have given the Tu ^ &0, true aerial effect. Eugene Lami is one of the few artists in France who has much reputation as a water-colour draughtsman, but it is presumed that the two drawings he exhibits (391 and 392) are not to be regarded as good examples of his talent. There seems, indeed, but little general interest felt about the art of water-colour in France, or there would be more evidence of it, both in the number and character of the drawings exhibited. But before closing this notice of the works of the French water-colour artists, it should be mentioned, as a fact honourable to them, that there is scarcely a trace of that vicious choice of subjects so unhappily rife amongst the French painters in oil. In miniatures the French exhibit many well drawn and painted works, but with a total absence of good colour, though free from the hard and black appearance of most of their portraits in oil. The miniatures by M. Fenlard (248), Mdme. Juliette de Bourge (78), and Mdme. Eugdnie Morin (486 and 487) are worthy of notice, and it may be observed how superior in quality are the two works last named, where no forcing of the material is apparent, over another work by the same artist (488), where opaque colour has been introduced. To endeavour, by forcing water colour, used upon ivory, beyond what may be termed its natural strength, and by the use of gum and body colour to make it contend in power with oil, is as fatal a mistake as sullying water-colour drawings on paper with opaque colour. Amongst the water-colour works of other countries a highly ornamented te Missale Romanum,” exhibited by the Academy of Fine Arts at Vienna, must be included. Though a most elaborate work, it calls for little remark, save for the completeness with which it is carried out. The subjects in miniature which adorn it will doubtless appeal to the devotional feelings of Roman Catholics, but as works of art they have not the inherent beauty necessary to enlist general interest. There is a good deal of merit about the water-colour sketches of Rodolphe Alt, and they are less sullied with opaque colour than many. In the Pontifical States there are drawings by Grigante Pontifical and Pallizzi with cleverness and character about them. One of a Neapolitan corricolo is an amusing illustration of the way in which these vehicles are paeked with their human freight, unlicensed as to numbers, it is presumed. PalizzRs 2. C 30 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Hors¬ ley on Minia¬ tures, &c. Russia. Sweden. Greece. China. England. study of two dogs’ heads is clever, but it must be confessed that it is for want of better examples to criticise that such works as these are specially referred to. A different feeling is excited in looking at the water¬ colour sketches and studies by Pierre SokolofF in the Russian section. These, though slight, are excellent in drawing and character, and are to a certain extent effective in light and shadow, and colour. They are also distinguished by an entire freedom from the use of body-colour. “ Peasants Leaving a Village in Winter ” is especially worthy of obser¬ vation, and also an Innyard.” They are the more inte¬ resting as they are evidently truthful representations of Russian peasant life and character. For this quality the drawings of Kossak may be looked at wdth interest, but they do not possess the artistic feeling of those by Sokoloff. In the Swedish section there is a good and careful drawing of the interior of the church at Floda, by Scho- lander, apparently pure throughout. In the Greek Court there are two drawings of Athens, of moderate ability, and in the Bavarian annexe there are careful water-colour sketches by Klein. And now, not omitting to notice the distemper paintings from China, where the charms of the ladies are heightened by having their under lips painted green, the foreign con¬ tributions in water colour may be said to have been fairly sifted. It is only right, however, to repeat that the notice of many of these works is mainly due to the paucity of pro¬ ductions to be commented upon. It remains to speak briefly of the English water-colour drawings—a collection which is intended, like that of the oil pictures, to show the condition of the art during the last 10 years, and which, doubtless, would have accom¬ plished this more effectively in both departments had the various art-collectors in England been more willing to part with their treasures for the purpose. It is impossible, however, on due reflection, to join in the reproaches occa¬ sionally applied to these gentlemen. They suffered much, on previous occasions, at Paris, Manchester, London, and Dublin, by stripping their walls of their chief ornament, and subjecting their pictures to great risk and some injury. It should, therefore, be no matter of astonishment that so many of them declined to be victimised a fifth time. Still, the exhibition of English pictures and drawings in Paris has been entirely supplied from private sources, whilst that of France is to a very great extent contributed by the State. Mr. Horsley on Miniatures , Water-colour Drawings, &c. 31 The English water-colour drawings can scarcely be said Mr. hors- to represent satisfactorily the present condition of the art in mini/- England, though there are some admirable works which TTTRES> &c - have already elicited high and deserved commendation in England. It is not necessary or desirable to criticize them in detail, but the whole collection deserves careful inspec¬ tion, and any comparison between it and that of other countries is rendered impossible from the unquestionable superiority of the English drawings. Would it could be said they were drawings in pure water-colour ! But though the search for one pure drawing will be made in vain, some may be discovered in which the use of opaque colour is but slight, and in that by Mr. Bennett, ct Richmond Hill—Sunset ” (5), there appears to be scarcely a touch of it, except upon the figures. Why so excellent an artist as Mr. Bennett, who evidently appreciates the real charm and virtue of the material he uses so skilfully, should have used opaque colour at all is difficult to understand. He cannot but admit that, if he had allowed his paper to tell for the light he required about his figures, the quality of that portion of his work (small and comparatively insignificant as it is) would have been infinitely better, and more in harmony with the rest of the drawing than is now the case. The same remarks will hold good with every drawing in the collection. In Mr. Newton’s admirable contributions it is a positive grief to see snow shadows and other portions of his beautiful work deprived of so much of their purity by the use of opaque material—points that Turner would have rendered with the utmost charm and truth by means of the most. precious transparent colours. In an excellent little drawing by C. J. Lewis, “ Evening,” there is a positively wanton use of opaque white, especially in the reflection of the sky in the water, where the paper, tenderly used, would have given the desired effect with infinitely greater truth and beauty. So in an effective drawing by Mr. Whymper, “ Hurried Loading,” why should the haymaker’s shirt be loaded with lumps of opaque stuff, when the paper left would have done all that was required ? In the excellent drawings exhibited by Messrs. Goodall, Brittan Willis, A. W. Hunt, M-Kewan, Whittaker, and a few others, there is comparatively little use of opaque colour, but what there is gives a commonness to the portion of the work in which it appears, and to a great extent injuriously affects the whole drawing. Leaving many admirable works, full of spirit and beauty to speak for themselves, the fact must not be unrecorded a 2 32 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Hors- xey ON Minia¬ tures, &c. Pastels and other drawings exhibited by Prance. that those truly great artists, David Cox and William Hunt, now passed away from amongst us, are represented in the collection. There are four drawings by Cox, made when mind and hand were failing one of the best artists our country ever gave birth to. Still they have much of the old fire and charm of pure water-colour art in them. The few touches of opaque colour introduced are, as has been before said, painful to see, not only because they soil pure and good work, but because you trace in them manifest proofs of uncertain sight and hand. Those blur rings in the shadow under the bridge and upon the road, in the drawing of ee Going to Market,” and on the rocks and foreground in some of the other drawings, are such as Cox would never have defaced his work with in his time of health and vigour* There is only one drawing by W. Hunt, an admirable study of a dead peacock, No. 59, in which there would appear to be but little use of opaque colour; at any rate, it is so concealed that it would be difficult to assert its presence, except in some touches of white in the head of the bird. There are beautiful miniatures by Wells and Moira, which all foreign miniature-painters might study with advantage to themselves, especially for clearness and truth of colour and delicacy of execution. In concluding these remarks upon water-colour art and the examples now exhibited, and in venturing to call in question the practice of men of undoubted genius and artistic ability, and to warn them lest Turner’s prophecy should be fulfilled, the writer of this report (however deep may be his interest in a revival of the beautiful art of water-colour drawing), would scarcely have written as he has done but for the support of Turner’s expressed opinion and practice. He feels that in the mere shadow of such a tower of strength he may rest in safety and insignificance. In speaking now of pastels and drawings of all kinds no especial reference to any acknowledged principle of art is called for, such works being generally confined to studies from nature, preliminary designs for important works and portraiture. First, beyond question in this section, both in interest and excellence, are the studies by Hippolyte Flandrin for his * In the whole history of water-colour art you can point to no purer or better specimens than the drawings of David Cox; and he is also an example of an artist putting aside his water-colours and becoming an oil-painter, when, as it would appear, he craved for a more powerful and solid material by which to express his artistic feeling. During the latter years of his life he devoted himself almost entirely to painting in oil. Mr.Horsley on Miniatures , Water-colour Drawings, &c. 33 great mural works in the church of St. Germain-des-Pres; indeed, there is nothing in the whole range of French art now exhibited to be compared with those drawings for true artistic excellence and elevation of feeling. Flaudrin was, without question, the greatest painter of sacred history of our time. When tired by the din and glare of the Exhibition, disgusted and offended with pictures appealing to the worst passions of humanity, nothing more refreshing both to mind and body can be conceived than to spend an afternoon in the churches of Saint Germain-des-Pres and Saint Vincent de Paul, both of which are filled with Flandrin’s works. No art-lover should quit Paris without doing this. The two subjects in the choir at St. Germain-des-Pres—the one te Our Lord’s Entry into Jerusalem,” the other “ the Procession to Calvary ”—are more than sufficient to make the reputation of a great artist, and every composition and single figure upon the walls is worthy of admiration, and will repay careful study. The three frames of Flandrin’s drawings now exhibited contain each a photograph of one of the compositions in the nave of St. Germain-des-Pres, and five separate studies for figures introduced in these compositions. The ordinary visitor might easily pass them over, but they merit the most earnest attention. Each figure is an example of unaffected action and pathetic expression. That of St. John, for instance, in the subject of the Crucifixion is simple in pose but intense in feeling. So with the Magdalene and the other holy women at the foot of the cross. The head of our Lord, too, in the same frame is admirable. No contrast can be conceived greater than that between the taste and style of Flandrin and that of almost all other modern designers of sacred subjects. Unlike the Germans, who look at art and nature through other men’s eyes, Flandrin is as original as he is truthful. Unlike other French and Belgian artists, who delight in posing their principal figures in the most studied and affected actions, Flandrin’s works are entirely unforced, and seem to proceed direct from a heart imbued with the deepest feeling for the subject he is treating. There can be no greater pleasure than to be able to appreciate thoroughly and to praise heartily the labours of other men ; and this pleasure can surely be enjoyed to the full by all who study the works of Hippolyte Flandrin, now gone to his rest and to that more perfect communion of saints with whom (judging from his works and known life and character) he must have ever lived in thought on earth. What a contrast to turn from the works of Flandrin to those of Bida, who exhibits twenty-eight drawings illustrating Me. Hoes- ley ON Minia- TUEES, &C. 34 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Hors¬ ley ON Minia¬ tures, &c. Bavaria. Denmark. Niirnberg. South Kensington Schools of Art. the works of a modern French novelist! These are executed with great facility in chalk and Indian ink. Amongst the best is that of a young woman reading to a man at a supper- table, by lamplight, with an old woman asleep in a chair. Another is that of a man sitting by the side of a sick-bed, and some Turks bargaining for a Circassian slave. The drawings of “ The Massacre of the Mamelukes ” and ‘ f Solo¬ mon’s Wall/’ also by Bida, are works of a higher character* and are full of merit. The pastels of Galbrund are remark¬ ably excellent, as far as it is possible to judge of them in the light. in which they are hung. Both in drawing, expression, andhise of the material, these works are well worth attention; and it is hoped that before the close of the Exhibition they will be better placed. The studies of fruit and flowers, by Chabal-Dussurgey, executed in chalk and body colour, are excellent examples, and well worthy of being better seen. There are three portrait drawings, by Paul Flandrin (brother of the great painter), very carefully rendered, but in a some¬ what dry and uninteresting style. Other French drawings are scattered about, but none demanding especial comment. In Bavaria there are drawings, by Adamo, called Un Roman en cinq tableau,” very mannered and ugly, and with a story of little interest. Others, by Pixio, are extremely common-place. In Denmark there are some good drawings of heads in chalk, touched with water colour, by Frohlich, especially the head of a boy in chalk only. It may be observed that there is great simplicity and earnestness in the works from the far north—Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, for instance —qualities of greater worth than the boasted “ chic ” of more advanced schools. There is a remarkable display of drawings, both for numbers and general ability, sent from the (t Kunstgewerb- schule Nurnberg.” These are in the Bavarian annexe outside the Exhibition building, and consist of scholastic drawings and models, representing the various stages of study from the cast and from life ; also architectural models and drawings -—all showing a very high condition of efficiency, both in the method of instruction which produces such good academic results and in the industry and skill of the students. A few designs are shown, but nothing of note. It is somewhat disheartening to find such good training producing so little fruit; for there is but feeble vitality in most modern German art. There is a complete and most interesting collection of the works of the students at the schools of the Department of Science and Art at South Kensington fully illustrating the excellent system pursued and its highly satisfactory Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Drawings, &c. 35 results. The objects aimed at and accomplished in our Mk.hoks- English school are much more extended than those at minia- Nuremburg. tubes, &c. Passing on to “ Paintings on enamel, earthenware, and painting on china,” it seems necessary to bear in mind not only the Earthen- principles of art that should be applied to these various and branches of industry, but also to suggest that a peculiar abstraction of mind is in some instances requisite in order to appreciate the results, as far as the art of pictorial design and execution is concerned. Take for instance, what, it Prance, is presumed, would be considered the highest class of enamel works in the exhibition—those by Lepec and Rudolphi, who exhibit enamels on gold and other metals. The pictorial art introduced in these works is both puerile and bad, as, for example, the “ Angelique et Roger,” by Lepec, which is placed amongst the French miniatures (No. 430). Nothing can be less worthy of regard in an artistic point of view ; and his portrait (431) is little better. Lepec has also a case of enamelled vases, tazzas, &c., executed with the rarest skill and ability, with fabulous prices attached to and given for them, yet the painting which is intended to ornament these “ objets de luxe ” is quite beneath notice. Again, look at the series of elaborate enamels in porcelain Bavaria, in the Bavarian annexe, by Wimmer, of Munich, and other German artists, after well-known pictures. What are these but wretched copies of immortal works, so bad as to be irritating to the artist who looks at them—copies which, if made on canvas or paper, would not fetch as many pence as the pounds which are now given for them ! Then, what quality is it that makes these productions so readily market¬ able? It can be only that of permanency—a quality appealing to minds so constituted as to derive satisfaction in the possession of the “ Angelique et Roger ” of Lepec or one of Wimmer’s travesties of Raphael or Rubens simply because they are works which will never tone with age or fade with time. There is, of course, no reason why better art and artists En s land - should not be employed upon enamel work; but still, from the very nature and hazard of the processes employed, the power of the material is limited, and the result of its use far from satisfactory in an artistic point of view. This is proved, if proof be necessary, by reference to the enamels of Messrs. Gray and Ford, hung with the English pictures and water-colour drawings. These are, beyond question, the best specimens of enamel-painting in the whole Exhibition ; indeed, it would be absurd to draw any com¬ parison between them and those by Wimmer and others. 86 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. me^hoks- The German enamels have not the slightest real resemblance mini a- to the pictures from which they profess to be copied, whereas tubes, &c. Gray’s copies, after Mulready, have much of the very touch and character, as well as colour and drawing, of the original work. Yet a water-colour copy by Mr. Gray, upon paper, would be immeasurably more valuable and interesting, since it would be free from that glazed and glossy surface which seems to fuse into monotonous equality every portion of the work, and those hot tones of colour, the result of occasional and inevitable over-firing, with other failings, evident to an artist’s eye. Great as may be the charm to some minds of the sense of permanency, it must be per¬ mitted to those of more artistic sensitiveness to assert that this quality does not compensate for other wants. It is scarcely necessary to add that it is only to enamel paintings, pictorially considered, that these remarks are intended to apply. Reference to the elaborate ornamentation and perfect workmanship found in the works of Lepec and Rudolph! would lead to remarks of a totally different character to those now called for. Under the same class of work as that just commented upon may be placed the porcelain plaques exhibited by various manufacturers, such as the landscapes by Bouquet, and the figure-subjects of Lessore (exhibited by Messrs. Wedgwood). These are framed as pictures and sketches in oil or water-colour would be, and it is presumed are intended to vie in interest with such works. Viewed in this light these plaques are all but worthless, save for an occasional agreeableness of tone and depth of colour, and it needs a strong appreciation of the quality of permanency, and knowledge of the difficulties of execution overcome, to set any value upon these productions. To come to what Painting may be termed ({ painting proper ” upon porcelain, i.e., the S£n P ° r ' decoration of vessels of various forms for ornament and use—it may be submitted that the general principle to be observed in applying art to such work is that it should harmon nize in every way with the forms which receive it. As these forms are of a well-defined and architectonic character, so the pictorial adjunct should, as far as possible, partake of the same qualities. Thus, speaking broadly, all landscape subjects and those requiring picturesque treatment are undesirable and incongruous with reference to the object in view. Occasionally in the present Exhibition you will come upon a vase on which a landscape is painted which, commencing on the body of the vessel, is made to meander (trees, sky, buildings, and all) over the concave and convex forms to be found at its neck. Can there be a more absurd Mr. Horsley on Miniatures , Water-colour Drawings , &c. 37 departure from true taste in ornamentation than such an example as this ? Again, in the Sevres court there are tea services considered so rare in quality of manufacture as to be placed in an elaborately-made case, in Avhich there is a safe haven formed for every separate piece of the set. Now, examine the tray at the top of the case (203) painted by M. Langlois. You will find it tasteful in form, with an edging of beautifully painted and gilded ornament, and in the centre a commonplace-looking landscape in mono¬ chrome—as a work of art, little better than those well- known <£ ruins ” and <£ views of noblemen’s seats and castles ” which adorn the commonest earthenware of domestic use in England. This kind of work is surely inharmonious with the setting which encloses it. There is much of this taste and indifferent painting to be seen in the As examples of the error committed in introducing upon set forms picturesque subjects, executed in a slight and sketchy manner, the work of Demoi (Belgium) and Rischgitz (Minton’s court) may be cited. It is only fair, however, to say that, though Messrs. Minton exhibit this work, they neither approve it nor propose to continue its production. Figure-subjects where the background, be it landscape or architectural, is secondary, groups of trees, flowers, and animals (a frequent recourse being made to the vignette treat¬ ment where the fair porcelain ground is shown) seem the sub¬ jects most fitted for porcelain decorative purposes, arranged, as they should be, with a certain amount of conventional symmetry in harmony with the forms they are intended to ornament. Certainly, in porcelain-painting any contention with pictures or picture-making should, as far as possible, be avoided. Copies from and adaptations of Boucher and Watteau are the stock in trade with most manufacturers. A change rrom the worn-out common-place nudities of Boucher would be a great relief; but Watteau’s works are, without doubt, admirably suited for porcelain ornamentation. It would be well, however, if the artists employed would study more deeply the style of this admirable painter and try and imitate in some degree his piquant touch and charm of colour, qualities which are now conspicuous by their absence in all copies on porcelain after Watteau made either at home or abroad. It is certainly worth the consideration of manufacturers whether these sources of supply might not be extended. The designs of our own Flaxman and Stothard would yield excellent subjects, and those of the former are particularly applicable to that Neo-Grec style questionable Sevres court. Mr. Hors¬ ley ox Minia¬ tures, &c. 38 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Hoes- LEY OB' Mibia- TtTEESj &C. Porcelain from Eng¬ land. France. now so much in vogue in Paris, and which, possibly, may obtain favour in England before long. There is, apparently, little resort in any country to original design for porcelain ornamentation; and this doubtless arises from the difficulty of inducing eminent living artists to make designs for art manufactures; but a delightful little work in Minton’s court, executed from a sketch by Mr. Stephens (the sculptor who is engaged upon the Wellington monument), makes one hope that the experiment of apply¬ ing good and original art may be repeated. Reference in general terms only can be made to the porcelain displayed throughout the Exhibition by various countries. The visitor will judge for himself as to the way in which the principles hinted at above are carried into practice. If he be an Englishman he will feel proud to see how the display made by Minton, Copeland, Wedgwood, and others proves itself to be inferior to none. Indeed, in many qualities the show made by these manufacturers is unrivalled. In porcelain-painting there is nothing better than the works of Allen, Mitchell, and Simpson, artists employed by Minton ; and that of Jahns (a German artist engaged by the same firm) is highly to be commended. The exquisite finish and detail in all that Minton shows is remarkable, and exhibits in the highest degree that thoroughness of execution in which first-class English work stands supreme. The same may be said of the specimens shown by Messrs. Copeland, where the painting of Hiirten, Smith, and Lucas is remarkably good. Messrs. Wedgwood make an admirable display. They seem to have caught the true spirit of the old work with which their name is so inseparably connected. It is a curious contrast to see, hung side by side with that exquisite ware, the daubs on china by Lessore. Be it from what cause it may, whether owing to superiority in some qualities of the f ‘pate tendre,” which the English use over the “ pate dure ” of the French, it is certain that there is a clearness and power in the English porcelain-painting which is not found in the work of other countries. Though the English copies after Watteau are far from what they might be, they are better than those produced by his own countrymen. The great display in the Sevres court, and the beautiful specimens it contains, merit, of course the closest attention ; but the monotony to be observed among the French pictures, the result of too rigid devotion to the scholastic system, seems equally apparent in their porcelain-painting; and they shrink from the effort to obtain force and brilliancy, qua- Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Draivings, &c. 39 lities which are certainly to be had without drifting into coarseness and vulgarity. This is shown by looking carefully at the large vases of Minton and Copeland, and comparing them with those numbered 56 and 57 in the Sevres court. Outside the Sevres court there are some colossal figures, from designs by the artist Yvon, painted upon slabs of porce¬ lain rudely joined together. It is presumed that this is an experiment in decoration, as a substitute for the more costly mosaic or fresco of uncertain permanency. In this light they are highly interesting; and if they are bona fide enamels upon porcelain, and can be produced at a moderate cost, the experiment might be extended with advantage, as they have much of the fresco look about them, and are not burdened with the difficulties of execution and disagreeable shine and glitter of mosaic work. The faiences of Deck and Jean deserve particular atten¬ tion, especially those of the first-named artist, which are admirable in style and execution, but the qualities which their works exhibit, are not those of strictly a pictorial nature. A new process of enamelling in lava (as it is termed) may be noticed, but the results are not gratifying in an artistic point of view. Some heads which are to be found among the porcelain collection of Gillot are the best examples. There is a group of Queen Victoria and the Prince Consort which really should not have been admitted into the Exhibition. The painting on glass, exhibited by the Compagnie des Cristalleries de St, Louis, Cristalleries de Clichy, and Com¬ pagnie des Cristalleries Baccarat, must not pass unnoticed. The two first named exhibit some excellent painting of fruit and flowers, especially to be observed upon the vases from St. Louis. There is a large tazza-shaped vase with figures in monochrome on a blue ground, sent by the Compagnie Baccarat, which is excellent in style and execution. The painting generally of these glass works certainly deserves attention. There is, however, very questionable taste occa¬ sionally displayed, as the cache-pot exhibited by Baccarat, which is of the simplest possible form, painted all over, with a gold rim at the top, but without moulding of any kind to relieve or ornament it. This is placed on a high stand of white glass, elaborately varied in form, without a particle of colour or gilding upon it. The effect of the whole i3 incongruous and bad. There is but little to admire in the German porcelain¬ painting, though it makes a great display as far as quantity goes, but nothing to call for especial remark in the painting, which is generally common-place in execution and tasteless Mr. Hors¬ ley on Minia¬ tures, &e. Austria. 40 Reports on the Paris Exhibition . Mb. Hors¬ ley on Minia¬ tures, &c. The East. Cartoons for frescoes. The true nature of fresco. in subject. From Meissen there are some subjects of a Flaxman-like character, which have a good effect. Austria has the temerity to exhibit a conspicuous failure in the endeavour to reproduce literally a beautiful service, by Minton, purchased by Queen Victoria, in the 1851 Exhibi¬ tion, and presented to the Emperor of Austria. The wanderer round that world of care and labour, the gasometer in the Champs de Mars, will find much and varied interest in the exhibition of porcelain, and certainly among other contributions will not fail to notice the Doccia ware of Cinori. An opportunity is also afforded for comparing the porce¬ lain work of the West with that of the East, in specimens from India, China, and Turkey, both ancient and modern work, but there is nothing further which deserves especial notice in a pictorial point of view, and we may proceed to the consideration of cartoons for stained glass and frescoes. We will take the most important branch first, and speak of cartoons for frescoes, though perhaps not a single example of such a work exists in the Exhibition, as it is not probable that any one of the designs exhibited for mural decoration will be executed in real fresco—“buon fresco/’ as the old Italians called it. It will perhaps not be considered out of place if a few words are prefaced in explanation of what fresco-painting really is, as there is a wide-spread misapprehension on the subject; every wall painting, be it executed in common dis¬ temper, wax, water-glass, or oil, being indiscriminately termed fresco by a great majority of those who have more interest in than knowledge of the subject. ef Buon fresco/’ that pictorial process by which the greatest effects of artistic genius have been realized—the stanze of the Vatican and ceiling of the Sistine chapel, for instance—has a peculiar property of its own, which eminently distinguishes it from all other methods of painting. It is this, that a fresco is a non-absorbent of light. The fresco ground is composed of certain proportions of lime (from which the heating element has been to a great extent washed out) and sand, and this mixture is used by the painter in its moist state. The wet lime, absorbing carbon from the atmosphere, becomes car¬ bonate of lime, and, in combination with the sand, produces an impermeable cement, which is formed over the surface of the ground during the day’s work, and in which the colour used is incorporated and fixed.* This cemented surface has * A fresco-painter can only proceed with small portions of his work at the same time. A fresco in progress is like a child’s dissected map, made up of pieces of all shapes and sizes, which are joined together day by day. Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, 'Water-colour Drawings, &c. 41 been stated to be sufficiently crystalline to reflect light. m J^Hoes- But, whether this is so or not, its non-absorbency of light is minia- 5 . , 1 TUBES, &C. unquestionable. — It will thus be readily understood how eminently fitted fresco-painting is for mural decoration — especially for churches and public buildings, generally imperfectly lighted, and which are positively made lighter by fresco decoration. Where an oil-picture would be invisible a fresco is clearly seen. All other processes for wall-painting, such as water- glass and wax, sutler greatly in comparison with real fresco ; but, unfortunately, this beautiful material is much affected by climatic influence, as may be seen in the condition of the frescoes in the new Palace at Westminster—a condition almost entirely produced by the bad air of that locality, vitiated, as it is, by exhalations and impurities of all kinds. It is, however, earnestly to be hoped that the rising gene¬ ration of artists may be encouraged to try the effect of this beautiful material in places where, with proper care and attention, it might be proof against the humidity of our climate. As in the sprandrils of the nave arcade of many a country church you find texts upon the wall to arrest and instruct the wandering eye and mind, so might frescoes be introduced illustrating the great facts of sacred history. Mural painting might with excellent effect be introduced into school rooms and the halls and corridors of great houses ! It is only in our “ flourishing peopled towns,” where gaseous impurities hold their sway, that buon fresco ” has but a brief existence. If we are to judge of England’s desire for mural painting by the contents of the present exhibition, our hope of the most partial realization of the above aspirations would be faint indeed. As in pastels and drawings, so in cartoons England is entirely unrepresented. In criticising briefly the cartoons now exhibited, first in Cartoons importance as to size and effort is that by Kaulbach, in the nmny? er * Bavarian annexe, which is called “ L’Epoque de la Refor¬ mation.” What is to be said of this colossal work, which is a type of almost all German cartoons in the Exhibition ? Of course, its academic power and skill are undeniable ; but is there one touch of nature in the whole of it ? Is not that single figure of St. John, by Flandrin, worth a cartload of such mere conventionalisms as these cartoons must in truth, be called? It is impossible to speak of modern German artists without the greatest respect for their indefatigable industry and perseverance, of which there is abundant evidence in the present Exhibition. Still, we can but be impressed with the fact that a large portion of the work at 42 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. Hoes- LEY ON Minia- TUEES, &C. Belgium. Munich and elsewhere is in reality a great sham, and that it is not the result of the painter s own true and original feeling, but has been done to order, as a reproduction of the works of other times. Thus, the German artists have been looking at art and nature through other men’s eyes—a mistake ever fatal in its results. No one can question the power and ability of the German painters; but that their talent has been much misdirected by the influence of dilettanti kings and emperors is illus¬ trated by the following anecdote :—Some years since there was to be seen in Kaulbach’s studio at Munich a considerable portion of an acre of canvas, on which was painted (t The Destruction of Jerusalem.” Anything more uninteresting than this work it is difficult to conceive, and spectators turned away from it in the hope of finding something else in the room which it might be possible to admire and applaud. That hope was not disappointed, for on the walls were hung framed pencil drawings of modern life and in¬ cident, admirable in character and feeling, and full of humour. How clearly did this contrast seem to show (in the failure of the one and the success of the other) the true bent of the artist’s mind ; and how much it was to be re¬ gretted that he should have been diverted from it. There is a great deal more artistic feeling and taste in the cartoon by Piloty (No. 29 in the Catalogue of the Bavarian annexe) than in Kaulbach’s work. There are many other cartoons, drawings, book designs, &c., in the Bavarian collection, but nothing calling for special notice. In the Austrian court there are cartoons of scriptural subjects, and several others of decorative figures the size of life, but all dreary in the extreme, from the utter want of interest and charm about them. There is much to be admired in the cartoons sent from Belgium. Those by Guffens and Swerts deserve especial attention. In many instances the compositions are excellent, and there is occasionally great dignity in the single figures. It must be observed, however, that with these Belgian artists, as with almost all the modern historical painters (except Flandrin), there is a strange tendency to overstrain the action in the principal figures of their designs, posing them much after the fashon of an opera-singer unburdening himself of a scena. Look, for instance, at Swerts’s com¬ position of our Lord with his parents (209, Belgian Catalogue). The Virgin and Joseph are full of simplicity of action and earnestness of feeling ; whilst the figure of the Child illustrates the bad tendency which has been just referred to. The same may be said of the figure of our Mr. Horsley on Miniatures , Water-colour Drawings, &c. 43 Lord bearing the cross in the cartoon by Guffens (202). Mr.hoes- Another cartoon by this artist, however (not included in minia- the catalogue, but which is entitled cf The Dignitaries and TTJR fL &c * Merchants of the Hanseatic Towns depositing their Deeds at the Abbey of St. Michael”), is entirely free from these objectionable elements, and is an excellent example of design for mural decoration. In his composition (203) there is much solemnity of feeling, but this is marred by the studied action of the Virgin. The best single figures are those of Mercator and Ortelius, by Swerts. The apostles and saints designed by Guffens are very carefully drawn; but there is too much exaggeration of expression in the heads, and pose look in the action of the figures. It now remains to notice the cartoons for stained glass, of £^° s ° t R f ned which there are but few examples, and those but of slight glass, importance. Tw r o fatal errors seem to possess modern designers in this material. Either they make servile, unfeeling copies of old work, failing to see or obtain its true spirit and beauty, but taking care to preserve, and even to caricature, all crudities of design and errors of drawing, the result solely of im¬ perfect knowledge on the part of our great ancestors; or they follow the modern German heresy of making finished pictures on glass, which, when placed in window tracery, have all the bad quality and effect of transparencies. This last-named error is infinitely worse than the other. Lather, by far, let us have hideous-looking saints and martyrs, contorted in a way agonising to behold, attended by zoological specimens of terrifying aspect, than those polished specimens of inanity which are the natural result of poverty of design and an entire want of appreciation of the treatment which the material requires. Amongst all the art-revivals, none in our time has been True treat- more remarkable or complete than that of Gothic archi- ^Spaint- tecture, the result of earnest and assiduous devotion to the ing, ‘ old types and examples on the part of many able architects, who seem to have imbibed the true spirit and genius of their great predecessors in the art.* How comes it to pass, then, that one of the most striking features of old Gothic work—painting on glass—has met with so little real atten¬ tion, if we are to judge from the results. The leading principles of the old glass-painters, which seem as apparent * It is impossible, however, to give unqualified praise to the results of this revival. To erect buildings for the public worship of the Church of England minutely reproduced from those designed and planned to perfection for the services of the Church of Rome is an error of the gravest kind. 44 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Hors¬ ley or Minia¬ tures, &c. Designs for painted glass in the Exhibition. in tlieir works as the sun at noonday, are practically ignored in most modern examples. In old glass of a fine period no attempt at picture-making is ever found. It was never an object with the best glass designers to draw attention to their windows by a striking treatment of sacred subjects. This was the province of mural and other painting, and no imitation of such work in glass was ever attempted or thought of. There office was simply to dim, not exclude, the light of day, and to do so by means of a tender or gorgeous combination (as the mood took them) of form and colour. This colour was not obtained by a vulgar conjunction, in large masses, of the primary hues, but by a subtle use of secondary and tertiary ones, throwing in the primaries here and there like jewels. Another principle was to prevent any appearance of too great transparency or relief about their work. In short, to get a flatness, and what might be almost termed a semi-solidity of appearance and quality more in accordance with the surrounding work than mere transparent treatment would be. Whether they could manufacture glass as we do is a matter of no moment, as we may feel convinced that nothing could have induced them to use large pieces through which the ivy on the mullion, or distant landscape would be distinctly visible. Those who go to Paris and desire to know what stained glass is in its highest state of perfection should visit Chartres, which is to be accomplished in a pleasant day’s excursion. Those who stay at home may gaze at those old clerestory windows, patchwork though they be, at the east end of the choir of Westminster Abbey, and both at Chartres and at Westminster there is ample opportunity of comparing old work with new, and there can be few more interesting questions to solve than the cause of difference between the two. It is assuredly one of principle in design and arrange¬ ment of colour, and by no means confined to the quality of the glass. Clearness and beauty of design is apparent in all the old work. The patterns never seem inspired by the kaleidoscope. But, above all, it is evident that the old glass painters never permitted positive colour to predominate ; and while they did not flinch from the use of the deepest and richest tones, their arrangement of colour was so blended as to make one harmonious design, and not a disjointed mass of incongruous combinations. Earnestly recommending the careful consideration of this subject to those who have time to devote to it, some notice must be taken of the very few designs for stained glass now exhibited. Of these there are only two worthy of notice. Mr. Horsley on Miniatures, Water-colour Drawings , (Sec. 45 the stained glass which is placed in the Exhibition not being Mr. hors- included m this report. minia- One consists of a series of studies in oil, by Pfannen- TUR ^ &C * schmidt, for the windows of the Church of St. Nicolas in Berlin, the other is a large cartoon, in the Bavarian court by Nesser. If any proof were requisite of the error com¬ mitted in the painting of elaborate pictures on glass, it would be afforded by those works of Pfannenschmidt. They are most carefully executed, and are academically correct, but completely devoid of the slightest spark of originality. It would be far better to hang up these works as pictures on the church walls than to turn them into vulgar-looking transparencies in glass. The Bavarian cartoon is another manifest error in the same direction. Of grim attempts at facsimiles of old work there are no examples. It now remains to notice the few specimens of mosaic work Mosaics, in the Exhibition. These are confined to examples from Russia, the Pontifical States, Venice, and some experiments recently made at the Science and Art Department at South Kensington. The Russian work is a magnificent example, which merits the admiration and earnest examination of all interested in the process. The subject, a group of ecclesiastics, well designed and drawn by Professor Noff, is full of dignity and variety of character. The mosaic is executed at St. Peters¬ burg by Michel Chmielevski. There is such an unquestion¬ able superiority in this work over all other mosaics exhibited that one is induced to believe that, owing to the free use made in Russia at various periods down to the present time of mosaic work as decoration for churches, more of the old traditions of manufacture remains there than in other localities where the process, upon any important scale, has been in long disuse. What is especially striking in the Russian work is the powerful and excellent effect of light and shadow obtained, which, without being of an unduly picturesque character, adds greatly to .the appearance of the composition. Going from the Russian Court to that of Italy, where the mosaics by Salviati are shown, one can but be struck by the poor and meagre look of these in comparison with the Russian work. This may result to a great extent from the nature of the designs supplied; but the colour and quality of the materials and the execution of the work must have much to do with it. The experiments made at South Kensington are highly interesting, and give much promise of future success. The 46 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. Hors¬ ley on Minia¬ tures, &c. materials used in these examples call for particular notice ; for, whilst the figure of Fra Angelico, the portrait of the Marquis of Salisbury, and a mosaic from a design of the late Mr. Sykes are executed with material prepared by Minton, of a porcelain nature, that employed in the figure of Phidias is a vitreous substance made by Harland and Yisher, and similar to that in general use on the continent. Minton's material is to be preferred, as there is a total absence in it of that bloom and shine which is often seen in the vitreous substance, and which has a most unpleasing effect upon shadow and deep colour. Something of this is even to be found in the Russian work. The mosaics from the Pontifical States consist solely of those performances so well known to all tourists—worthless copies of Raphael and Guido, and still more worthless views of Rome, Tivoli, &c. The satisfaction derived from a sense of permanency must be developed to the highest degree to attract purchasers for such w T orks as these, which form a lamentable contrast to the great mosaics of St. Peter’s and the Vatican. In thus concluding his allotted task, the writer trusts that he has not omitted to consider any point of importance con¬ nected with it; and that he has; succeeded in enunciating with clearness the principles which, in his humble opinion, should influence the various departments of artistic labour upon which he has undertaken to report. Mr. Westmcicott on Sculpture and Diesinking. 47 Report on Sculpture and Diesinking.— (Class 3).—-By J.wesj- Richard Westmacott, Esq., R.A., F.R.S. sculpture X AND DlE- _ SINKING. The object of the following paper, prepared by desire of Object ° f the Lord President of the Council, is to furnish a report of Present the actual condition of sculpture, founded on the exhibition scuipture° f of works in that art contributed by the sculptors of all nations to the “ Exposition Universelle,” now open in Paris. At first sight the task would appear to be an easy one, the exercise of sculpture being confined within the simple limit of representing objects by form only; but it will be seen that a difficulty presents itself at the very outset, arising from the fact that, in some important respects, there is now no common catholic standard whereby the various modern schools can be gauged. Broadly stated, of course Nature Nature the should be this standard; but all who have studied art, and dard. an know its requirements, are sensible of the importance of considering how far, or, rather, under what aspect, Nature is to be the artist's g' ide—a remark that applies especially to sculpture. In the history of art the function of the highest class of sculpture known to us was to interest and incite the loftier feelings of those to whom it was addressed by representing sublime and noble subjects under the most perfect forms. It is admitted by all competent judges that this union or combination of the most elevated motive with the most perfect physical beauty, as its exponent, has been thoroughly achieved by one people only—the Greeks ; and it is on their best sculpture, in which these two elements are found comoined, that all sound criticism on this art has been based. This is not to place Greek or any other art before, or in antagonism with, Nature. Art is Nature seen through the medium of mind and refined taste. It is obvious that this canon, simple as it may seem. No fixed cannot, in this our time, be the only basis of a report of fudging the present condition of sculpture. Su?ptTre Every sculptor considers himself at liberty to exercise his own fancy, both in the character and class of his subject, and of the forms in which he presents it. Whether this freedom is an advantage or not to the practice of sculpture as a fine art, in its true sense, is not a question now to be considered. It is only referred to as a source of difficulty to a writer in offering anything like a systematic report on the actual condition and future prospects of the art. d 9 48 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. West- mac ott ON Sculpture and Die¬ sinking. High stan¬ dard in ancient schools. Sculpture an art of form. It will help to explain the view here taken if it is remem¬ bered that in the best ancient schools there were certain laws to which artists were obliged to conform ; and in many par¬ ticulars even the “ treatment ” of the sculpture was confined within prescribed limits. First, from the most Archaic period down to the perfection of the art in the fifth century (B.C.), the subjects and motive of sculpture, in all nations, were regulated by strict religious influences. The dignity of art was preserved, and no op¬ portunity permitted for the introduction of any element of vulgarity or of commonplace. And, secondly, when at the date referred to, sculpture had reached its highest excellence, the great principle was established that the conceptions of the sculptor should, as a rule, have their outward expression in the most perfect physical forms—a noble and profoundly philosophical idea, that the good in sentiment should have its expression in the beautiful. These forms would, of course, vary according to the fitness of the particular type to express the idea or thing signified; and yet each and all might still be of the very highest beauty : Nature, in her normal and most perfect aspect, being taken as the true standard of imi¬ tation. Thus, for instance, the appropriate representation of a Mercury or a Hercules would both be sought for in the utmost perfection of the human form ; while yet the forms themselves might and indeed necessarily would, exhibit a marked difference as to class and character. So in the idea intended to be conveyed in a statue of Jupiter or Apollo, of a Mars or Cupid, a Juno and a Venus, and others of an equally widely contrasted individuality, the forms would be perfect of their kind, although they would differ essentially in character. Judged from so simple a point of view, ancient sculpture is therefore brought within easier conditions for estimating its merits than can be the case when the art is practised under less strict observances; and, indeed, only according to the fancy or caprice of the sculptor or of the age and people for whom he labours. Sculpture being essentially and wholly an art of form, the real question is, whether the forms employed are to be ot a high, the highest, type of excellence ; or whether, assuming, as some do, that the whole and sole function of art is imitation, these forms may be of a commonplace cha¬ racter, as they occur in ordinary circumstances, where the normal and original perfection of nature may have suffered deterioration from accidental causes—as labour, climate, sick¬ ness, old age, or any -other disturbance to which humanity is liable. Mr. Westmacott on Sculpture and Diesinking. 49 If art is to be judged by the higher standard, it seems to Me. west- follow of course that the canon should be established on some sotoptuSS acknowledged principle. If, on the other hand, the excel- sSkSg." lence of sculpture is allowed to consist in servile imitation — only, without reference to the quality or beauty of the object £j S . of imitated, a much lower standard will be found sufficient for testing its merits; while a very inferior tribunal will be quite competent to measure and decide upon its place in art. It is to such a tribunal that sculpture is, in these days, usually referred, for there are but few who are truly qualified to judge this art by the higher standard. It is sometimes asserted that that which pleases is beautiful to the person pleased, and that every one has the right to exercise his own fancy in determining what is or what is not beautiful. This is a fallacy. The abstract right to derive | pleasure or gratification from any object, or it may be work of art, may be conceded; but no amount of satisfaction it may possibly afford can endow a work with beauty if it has it not. Nor is every-one capable of judging, off-hand, whether or not this quality is present. In art it is not, as many sup- I pose, merely a question of individual feeling. Certain quali- Education fications are required to form a sound judgment on so subtle necessary les a problem. This is especially the case in estimating what sculpturef constitutes beauty in the human figure, so full of variety in all the conditions of sex, age, strength, and character. There must be, in the first place, some knowledge of the construction of the figure and of the laws of action; the power to dis¬ criminate between various classes of form ; and, by practice and careful education of the eye, to know how to compare j art with Nature, in her best aspects, in living models, and thus to determine what it is that artists and poets mean by Ideal Beauty. It is scarcely saying too much to assert that sculpture, especially in its highest forms, can never be popular I in the ordinary sense. To be able to appreciate it, and to judge of its merit as a phase of fine art, a people must have I! some preparation, or education, or they must be so accus- | tomed to see good works, which, indeed, is a form of education, as to be capable of perceiving at a glance what claim it has to notice. In England there is little or no opportunity of I acquiring this qualification. Education in the principles of art and in aesthetics is not I 1 recognized in our schools or university system. The con¬ sequence is most injurious to real and true art, in so much i? that the field is left open to the very worst and lowest influences, and no surprise can be felt that, under such circumstances, incompetent judges and committees patronise unworthy practitioners, and thus have the dangerous power 50 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Me. West- MACOTT OK Sculpture and Die¬ sinking. Technical excellence of modern sculpture. to place before an ignorant public works that can have but one result, namely, to vitiate the public taste, and to depress the standard to the level of inferior productions. Another cause of the unpopularity of sculpture is traceable to the habit of taking its subjects from obsolete classical mythology, which very few, including, not unfrequently, the artists who adopt them, understand, and with which, of course, still fewer can sympathise. The true artist, like the poet, nascitur non fit. It is the function of academies and schools to qualify the sculptor to produce works of technical excellence, but it is not pretended that a genius for art can thus be imparted. The student’s powers of observation are to be awakened and exercised, and elementary education in anatomy and design is supplemented, in the case of the sculptor especially, by keeping before him, as his best guides, the most approved examples of ancient art. With this training of the eye and hand the artist of even ordinary capacity will almost mechanically reproduce very creditable statues and rilievi of the true classical pattern. If, also, he is endowed with the inventive faculty, and has a true appreciation of beautiful form, his works will command a higher measure of praise for the taste and feeling they exhibit; but the bias of his early teaching will be seen, and his productions will be judged and tested, not so much on their own merits as by the degree of resemblance they show to their prototypes of a by-gone age. It will be seen in the course of this review how necessary it is constantly to bear this in remembrance. Many sculptors of the present time are deservedly eminent for their ability in producing works of this class. Of those which religiously adhere to the ancient modes, many might with justice be preferred, for technical qualities, to the majority of ancient remains which crowd museums and collections of sculpture. In knowledge of form, in execu¬ tion, and in every particular in which the mere material and technical excellence of Greek sculpture can be reproduced, modern artists have given sufficient proof of their power to compete, in these respects at least, with some of the greatest masters of the art whose works they imitate. But, after all, their merit consists chiefly in their successful following of the ancient standard, and, consequently, the works of the most accomplished sculptors of this school, of whatever nation, exhibit so close a resemblance that it is almost impossible to distinguish in them anything like a national idiosyncracy. It is only when they betray some slight peculiarity of treatment or execution, not easily perceived by unpractised observers, that they can be taken out of the Mr. Westmacott on Sculpture and Diesinking. 51 ordinary imitation or pseudo-classical category; and then, in the degree in which they depart from this canon, they lose their claim to belong to the highest school of beauty. With reference to this very subject of examples, there can be no doubt that the traditional excellence of the Greeks in sculpture is very inadequately represented in the large collections of works that have reached modern times. The museums of Europe possess, with very few exceptions, but repetitions and often indifferent Roman copies of the more celebrated productions of the great masters of Athens, Sicyon, and Argos. It is true, the motive and general spirit of the ancient feeling and intention, so remarkable in the simplicity and repose of the compositions, may be traced in the numerous statues and rilievi that abound, but however valuable they may be in the estimation of antiquaries and scholars, usually very incompetent judges of technical excel¬ lence in art, and however useful in illustrating the history, the customs, myths, and poetry of their age, how limited is the number of those which, if judged by competent, practical opinions, can be classed as examples of perfect sculpture. It is, indeed, remarkable how very few of the monuments that have been preserved can be identified with works particularised by ancient authors. The names and titles which have been'given to many well-known statues—as the Fighting and Dying Gladiators, the Townley Venus, the Theseus (British Museum), the so-called Jason, and others 1 —are but conjectural, and are open to question. In like manner, the subjects of some of the most extensive compo¬ sitions—the groups in the pediment of the Parthenon and of the Temple of Jupiter Panhellenius (ASgina), for instance, —are still matters for antiquarian inquiry and discussion. It must be remembered that we are indebted for nearly all the information we possess on these subjects to writers who lived long after the most flourishing period of Greek sculpture; their accounts must, therefore, be received with due allowance for their incompleteness and imperfections. Amongst those especially noted for their records of art are those diligent but somewhat indiscriminating collectors of the gossip of their time, Pliny and Pausanias. In the curious compilation of the former, extending to almost every class and variety of subject, the account of celebrated works of art and their authors seldom extends beyond a mere catalogue of names, without detailed description, and is never heightened by any useful criticism; a circumstance the more to be regretted because Pliny distinctly refers to the interesting fact of many ancient artists having written on their art, but from whose works he gives no extracts. In Pausanias there is Me. West¬ macott on Sculpture and Die¬ sinking. Original Greek sculpture. Subjects very imper¬ fectly un¬ derstood. Ancient writers on art. Their later date and imper¬ fect know¬ ledge. 52 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. West- MACOTT ON Sculpture and Die¬ sinking. Difficulties in the way of success in modern sculpture. more particular description of the works he saw in his travels, but even here there is no attempt at criticism. Happily some rare specimens are extant to prove that the tradition of the superlative merits of the great Athenian and other schools has a true foundation, and is not a mere super¬ stition. So long as the sculptures of the Parthenon, with its grand pedimental statues and groups, the vigorous compo¬ sitions of the Metopes, and the frieze of the Celia, exhibiting the busy scene of the Panathenaic procession; so long as the Venus of Milo, that noble personification of the highest class of mature female beauty; so long as the bronzes of Siris, the medallions of Syracuse, and a few other undisputed and unrivalled monuments of these schools are preserved, there will be sufficient evidence of what the great masters of that glorious age of sculpture could and did achieve. But such works as these are exceptional in their supreme excellence, and it is no disparagement to the ancients and no undeserved compliment to the more eminent modern sculptors to assert that, where they have studiously imitated the classical types, their productions will bear favourable comparison, in technical qualities, with the average ancient statues that are now found crowded together in collections of such objects. It is in the motive and sentiment that, the modern works are deficient, necessarily; and it can only be for their material qualities that productions bearing the nomenclature of the classical poetry, but without its spirit, can deserve the commendation claimed for them. Sculpture in modern times has to contend with a real and, it may be said, an insuperable difficulty unknown to the ancients. Setting aside the question of the nude, which need not now be discussed, the most perfect forms with which the sculptors of Greece could invest their conceptions were, with them, the true and appropriate expression of an idea. The manner or mode of treatment of each statue or group was the recognized embodiment of thought. In the best modern imitation or pseudo-classical sculpture a statue of the noblest class of form is but an image; it is without the power of exciting, as Greek sculpture did, religious, or heroic, or poetical associations, and it is presented in a form opposed to modern habits of thought and sight. It becomes then simply a work to please the eye ; but requiring for its due appreciation not only a cultivated taste, but considerable critical knowledge, qualifications in which the multitude, and, indeed, a large class above the multitude, is utterly deficient. No doubt, as the poet says, “ A thing of beauty is a joy for ever Mr. Westmacott on Sculpture and Diesinking. 58 but a work of sculpture can seldom truly afford that satisfaction till it has been studied and is understood. Few are able to comprehend and appreciate its full charm; and, moreover, the greater the perfection of the work, the more study it requires to become acquainted with its best qualities. It is in this respect that there is a species of antagonism between the ancient and modern practice, greatly prejudicial to the latter. Subjects admitting of, and indeed requiring, for aesthetic objects, the utmost beauty of form in their representation, in order to bring them into the category of fine sculpture, are not intelligible to the general community; while those with which the public can sympathize must, to make them harmonize with the age and habits oi a people, usually be presented under conditions more or less unfavourable to their classification with the highest examples It is useless to attempt seriously to interest people, or to awaken their sympathies, if they cannot understand the language in which they are addressed. The Greek of the best period of sculpture—for it is wholesome and instruc¬ tive continually to recur to the highest authority-—was, in certain respects, sufficiently educated to judge whether the works placed before him were true to nature. In the finely-developed forms he was accustomed to see in the public games and exercises he had the ready means of making this comparison; and in the beauty and fitness of these forms he had also a standard by which to test the quality of the sculptor’s art. The action was reciprocal, and the sculptor felt that he must work up to the requirements of a public in a high degree competent to pronounce upon the merit of his production. In these days there is no such tribunal; and this will account for much that seems anomalous in the present condition of sculpture. It will explain, in some degree, the contradictions, the strange irregularities, and the vicious manifestations that too often obtain public approval even in the presence of productions that might be supposed sufficient to correct and guide public taste, were the people taught how to discriminate between the good and the beautiful on one side, and the vulgar and the pretentious on the other. The above remarks are necessary towards the true and correct appreciation of the various forms taken by modern sculpture. The great security for a high standard of the art being broken through when the two conditions by which Greek sculpture attained its crowning glory were invaded —namely, “ that the motive should be noble and the forms “ of the utmost beauty ”—opportunity was given for the in¬ troduction of any novelty or caprice of designs that was Me. West¬ macott on Sculpture and Die- SINKINGt. 54 Reports on the Paris Exhibition. Mr. West- MACOTT ON Sculpture and Die¬ sinking. Ideal beauty. Realistic school. calculated to attract notice and gain popular favour. All the changes thus made were necessarily in a descending scale from, the established canon of excellence, and the consequence has been to lower the character of the art. As these observations point to the great difference or divergence of practice in the principles applied to sculpture, it may be desirable to define, in a general way, what is intended by the terms ideal and naturalistic or realistic, as applied to schools of art. Ideal beauty does not mean, as some seem strangely to suppose, an original or newly- imagined or invented type, the brilliant and original off¬ spring of the gifted artist’s mind, and