J^iL ^/"/v/ I h//,i///////t //■//// . 4- U Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Research Library, The Getty Research Institute http://www.archive.org/details/viewsofmostremarOOpool HB/nieMneandfrMUMi bfanli fti Tublifhrd irrording- '« \'i of Fatllamnt i-Rn ()////• ///r.)/ L/umatffazvte ( K G S ^IE^ TS and other EDIFICES TJV THE ^- y — ~ -7- oM^tM OF ®*<§ with Hiftorical Defcoptious of each Building. xatront^ed ly t&e 7J ///•//// Society. __ DtTBUlT: Printed i"or.T.WiUianis.N n 21. Skiuuer-row',1780. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE AND HONOURABLE THE DUBLIN SOCIETY. BY WHOSE MUNIFICENT PATRONAGE, UNWEARIED ENDEAVOURS, AND FOSTERING CARE, THE SPIRIT OF INDUSTRY HAS REVIVED, HUSBANDRY APPEARS WITH A NEW FACE, EVERY MANUFACTURE HAS BEEN IMPROVED, AND THE POLITE ARTS HAVE AGAIN FLOURISHED IN IRELAND. THIS WORK, UNDERTAKEN BY THEIR KIND ENCOURAGEMENT, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED, BY THEIR MOST GRATEFUL HUMBLE SERVANTS, THE AUTHORS. SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. THE DUBLIN SOCIETY, PATRONS. TRINITY COLLEGE, TEN GUINEAS FOR A COPY. Right Hon. Earl of Antrim, Right Hon. Earl of Aldborough, two copies. Rev. Mervyn Archdall, A. M. Mr. Edward Archer, Thomas Atkinlbn, Efq; B Right Hon. Earl of BecYive, Rev. Dean Bayly, Archdeacon of Dublin. Sir Samuel Bradftreet, Bart. Re- corder of Dublin. Right Hon. William Burton, Brabazon Brabazon, Efq; Mr. Andrew Borradale, Mr. Clifford Boldock, Mrs. Birch, John Butler, Efq; Dublin-Caftle. Mr. Pat. Byrne, bookfeller. Cornelius Bolton, Efq; Captain Brooke, Mr. J. Barcroft, jun. Mr. William Burke, Mr. Robert Burton, bookfeller, 7 copies. Mr. Alexander Baggs, architect. Mr. D. G. Brown, Mr. William Blenkinfop,. Sir Thomas Bell, M. D. Right Rev. Archbilhop of Calheli, Right Hon. Earl of Charlemonr, Morgan Crofton, Efq; Henry Clements, Efq; George Chapman, Efq; Mr. William Cuthbert, Mr. Richard Cuthbert., Mr. John Cuthbert, John Cook, Efq;. IV SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. Samuel Chearnley, T. C. D. Mr. Robert Colville, Thomas Cobbe, Efq; Mr. Williamfon Harvie Cambie, Rev. William Craddock, D. D. Dean of St. Patrick's. John Chapman, Efq; Mr. D. Chamberlain, bookfeller. Mr. John Conftable, merchant. Mr. Edward Clarke, Auftin Cooper, Efq; Mr. George Cafh, Mrs.B. Cam, John DawLn Coates, Efq; Rev. Thomas Campbell, L. L. D Mr. Clean. D Rt. Hon. Lady Arabella Denny, lit. Rev. Lord Bilhop of Down, Michael Dalky, Efq; Mr. Peter Di:lon, Mr. John Debenham, engraver. Rev. Dr. Donovan, F. T. C. D. Hon. Mr. Dawfon, Surgeon Deale. Mr. Jofeph Doyle, Rt. Rev. Lord Bilhop of Elphin, Mr. Robert Egan, merchant. Hon. Major Erfkine, 30th regt. Mr. Pat. Egan, Mr. Egan. William Henry Finlay, Efq; Mr. Laurence Flin, bookfeller, 12 copies. Anthony Fofter, Efq; Faithful Fortefcue, Efq; John Ferrall, M. D. John Thomas Fofter, Efq; Mrt. Finley, Signor La Franchini, Italy. Nicholas Gay, Efq; Luke Gardiner, Efq; Rev. Archdeacon Gafl, Erafmus Grace, Efq; John Green, Elq; Philadelphia. H Rt. Hon. John Hely Hutchinfon, L. L.D. Provoft ofTrinity College Gorges Edmond Howard, Efq; Mr. John Hay, jun. bookfeller, Belfaft. Hon. Mrs. Hamilton, Mr. Edward Hudfon, Mr. G. Dowling Hearn, Rev. Wm. Hales, A.M.F.T. CD. Sir Henry Hartftonge, cart. Samuel Hayes, Efq; Edward Hodfon, Efq; John Herbert, Efq; James Hamilton, Efq; Mr. William Halhead, bookfeller, 20 copies. Robert Hodfon, Efq; Francis Hopkins, M. D. John Howard, Efq; F. R. S. Mr. John Hart, SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. John Baker Holroyd, Efq; Right Hon. Richard Jackfon, Mr. Luke Jackfon, Mr. Thpmas Ivory, architect. George Jackfon, Efq; Frederick Edward Jones, Efq; Captain Jennings, 30th regt. Charles Innes, Efq; James Jones, Efq; Alexander JafFray, Efq; Mr. Thomas Jones, Richard Jones Efq; Mr. Chriftopher Jackfon, book- feller. K Right Hon. Earl of Kingfton, Rt. Rev. Lord Bifhopof Killaloe, Rt. Rev. Lord Bifhop of Kilmore, Mrs. Keatinge, Arthur Knox, Efq; Mr, John Kelly, Mr. King, Surgeon Kent. L-f His Grace the Duke of Leinfter, Right Hon. James Baron Lifford, Lord Chancellor of Ireland, two copies. John Ladeveze, Efq; Rev. Dr. Leland, S. F. T. C. D. three copies. Mifs Lambert, Rev. Edward Ledwich, L. L. B. Mr. John Lee, Rev. Verney Lovett, A. B. Benjamin Lyons, Efq; Mr. Le Favre. M Right Hon. Earl of Moira, Mr. Robert Mack, architect, twa copies. *David Macbride, M. D. four copies. Robert Mortimer, T. C. D. Mr. Michael Mills, bookfeller, Mr. Roger Mulholland, Chriftopher Frederick Mufgrave, T. CD. Paul Minchin, Efq; Mr. James Magee, bookfeller, Belfqfl, two copies. Mrs. Madden, Mrs. Jane Madden, Rev. Mr. M'Caufland, Mr. John Magee, ftationer,y^^« copies. Mr. Charles Moore Mc. Mahon, b * This gentleman died in January 1779, in the fifty-fecond year of his age, molt fincerely and defervedly regretted by a numerous acquaintance. His amiable man- ners procured him the love and affection of all ranks of people, and his ingeni- ous effays in Phyfic and Philofophy, raifed his reputation very high in the learn- ed world. He was an Honorary Member of the Dublin Society, and one of the Governors of the Lying in-Hofpital. VI SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. Thomas Moore, Efq; Rev. Richard Moore, A. M. Dean of Emly. Capt. Francis Moore, Julianjiown. N Counfellor Norton, Sir Edward Newenham, Knt. Mr. John Nevill, Newry. Mr. George Newton, George Newinham, jun. Efq; O Mr. William Ofbrey, Marflial of Dublin. Mr. Sylvefter ; Halloran , Ralph Oufley, Efq; William O'Reilly, Efq; Cornelius O'Caliaghan, Efq; John Orn.fby, Efq; Mr. Thomas Owen, architect. Mr. Archibald Ormfton, Right Hon. Lord Vifcount Pow- erfcourt. Rt. Hon. Edrr.ond Sexton Perry, Speaker of the Honourable Houfeof Commons. John Preftwich, Efq; London. Mr. Stephen Parker, George Putland, Efq; two copies. James Palmer, Efq; Rev. Richard Powell, Mr. William Parvin, Mr. John Pool, Mr. William Pike, Mr. James Potts, bookfeller. Q. Mr. James Quin. R Alderman Rofe, Mr. George Ruflell, John Roberts, Elq; two copies. Hercules Langford Rowley, Efq; Stephen Rudd, Efq; Surgeon Read. Right Hon. Lord Southwell, Mr. Thomas Story, Edward Smyth, M. D./our copies. Mr. William Speer, James Skerritt, Efq; Thomas St. George, Efq; James Stopford, Efq; William Sharman, Efq; Moira. Jofcph Sandford, Efq; Hon. John Stratford, Captain William Smith, Royal Irifh Artillery. Mr. Robert Shea, Mr. William Skater, bookfeller, two copies. Mr. Thomas Stewart, bookfeller, two copies. Mr. Jofeph Sandwith, Mrs. Mary Anne Story. William Stokes, Efq; Mr. Sproule, architect. Mr. Graham Stewart. SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. vn Mr. Samuel Thompfon, Mr. John Taylor, Mr. Nicholas Troy, Mr. Thomas Twemlow, merchant, Liverpool. Mr. Marmaduke Taylor, Thomas Tennifon, Efq; Daniel Tighe, Efq; Timothy Turner, Efq; Mr. Jofeph Tyndall, Mr. William Taylor. V Richard Vincent, Efq; Thomas Vincent, Efq; W Rev. Dr. Woodward, Dean of Clogher. Mr. Samuel Whyte, Mr. John White, Cork. Counfellor Whittingham, Henry Weftenra, Efq; Mr. Jofeph C. Walker, Counfellor Wallis, Mr. Thomas Walker, bookfeller. Mr. Henry Wilme, Rev. Ralph Walfh, A. M. Dean of Dromore. John Wolfe, Efq; Arthur Wolfe, Efq; Right Hon. Thomas Waite, two copies. Mr. Robert Walker, timber-mer- chant. Mr. William Wilfon, bookfeller. Mr. Luke White, bookfeller,/^- ven copies. Meffrs. W. and H. Whiteftone, bookfeilers,7?.v copies. William Wade, Efq; Cork. Mr. Thomas White, bookfeller, Cork, /even copies. Mr. Jofeph Ward, Mr. Charles Wilcox, James Whitelaw, Efq; Mr. Samuel Walker, T. C. D. Counfellor Yelverton. Lieutenant-Colonel Zobell. ERRATA. IN page 15. Royal Hofpital at Kilmainham was begun 1680, finifhed 1686.— — In Page 18 add, the north fide of the City is fupplied with water from Ifiand- bridge. Page 28, We are informed from refpettable authority, that the Parlia- ment-Houfe was defigned by Mr. Caflel, tho' attributed to Sir Edward Pearce. P a g e 39- Do&or Pallifer, Archbilhop of Camel, bequeathed above 4000 volumes t» the College, to be called Bibliotbeca Palliferiana, and to be placed next to the Biblio- tbeca UJfen ana.— -Page 43. A parliamentary grant was obtained of 13,500/. by the zeal and activity of Doclor Lucas, which was the purchafe of the fcite, and the Duke of Northumberland then Lord Lieutenant, not only furthered the grant, but procured alfo the Royal Charter for ii corporating the truftees, and prefented the ftatue of his prefent Majefty.. Page 62. The Lying-in-Hofpital was defigned by Mr. Caffels. Page 96 and 99. Archbilhop Smith's wife died July 14, 1761, ten years and fix months before her hulband. To the READER. UBLIC edifices eminently mark the different aeras of grandeur, and of refinement in tafte, and muft be confidered as the moft certain means of tranfmitting to pofterity an idea of the wealth and power of Nations. When, in the revolution of States and Empires, the power and riches of antient nations have been annihilated, and even the remembrance of them loft, buildings although in ruins, remain faithful monuments of their former fplendor ; witnefs the noble remains of Palmyra, Balbec, Perfepolis, Athens, &c. Thefe afford ftriking proofs of the maturity of the arts at the time of their erection ; and it equally affords fubjecl: of regret, that either delineations of them in their original ftate were not preferved, or that the mouldering hand of time, the ravages of conqueft, and barbaric igno- c ranee, x TOTHEREADER. ranee, mould have deprived us of thofe models of perfection. On the revival of Arts and Sciences, painting reared her head ; and engraving on copper was accidentally invented in the year 1481 ; this hap- py invention has given ftrength and duration to edifices, which now feem to bid defiance to every attempt of the deftroyer, while thofe reprefentati- ons continue to perpetuate them : The art of en- graving was early turned to this ufeful purpofe, and we find that in the year 1572, there was printed at Cologn in Germany, in two large folio volumes, a collection of views of the moft eminent cities and buildings, by John Braun : * This was the firft work of the kind ; it has fince been followed by many fimilar publications, and particularly within the prefent century. Of late years, the curiofity of the public has been much excited on this head ; and prints of foreign buildings, as well as of thofe in Great-Britain, have contributed to enrich the cabinets, and to ornament the apart- ments of the virtuofi. In * This very curious and fcarce work, is entitled Theatrum urbium prxcipuarum totius mundL TO THE READER. xi In this kingdom, no attempt of the kind has been made worthy of notice ; except the views of the Parliament-Houfe, drawn by R. Omer, and engraved by MefTrs. Mazell and Halpin ; and the view of Lord Charlemont's Cajfvie^ at Marino near Dublin, drawn by Mr. Ivory and engraved by Mr. E. Rooker. Almoft all the other delineations of the buildings, reprefented in this work, have hi- therto been incorrectly taken, and poorly en- graved ; although fome of the originals are equal to many of thofe foreign buildings which are fo much admired. To refcue their merit, by a cor- rect delineation, from the oblivion and contempt they have hitherto almoft univerfally experienced, was the chief defign of our labours, Encouraged by the patronage we received, and the approbation of many gentlemen of tafte and judgment, to whofe inflection the drawings were fubmitted, we began this work : Several of the en- couragers of it, wimed to fee it executed on a larger fcale : In this our wifhes coincided with theirs ; but there was no probability of meetino- with fufhcient encouragement to complete it, ex- perience having pointed out a former unfuccefsful attempt Ali TO THE READER. attempt of that nature, tho' conducted by a gentle- man whofe abilities were fully equal to the tafk ; we were therefore obliged to confine our plan to the encouragement which we were likely to re- ceive. However, on examination, they will find that, although many of them would bear a more enlarged fcale, yet the one we have chofen comes neareft to a medium of the whole ; and that the accuracy of the drawings, and elegance of the en- graving, (for which no expence has been fpared) will, we hope, give general fatisfa&ion. In the defcriptive part, we have endeavoured to collect the beft accounts of each building, and have ftu- died to render them as clear and fatisfactory as the limits of the work would permit. Such were our motives for the attempt, and fuch is the plan we have followed, we mail efteem ourfelves happy if our endeavours have anfwered the intention, or opened a path for a more fuc- cefsful future undertaking. CON- CONTENTS. Description of the at y of Dublin, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Page L Defcription of the Caftle, - - 25 ■■ ■ " •- -■ Garden Front of the Caftle, - 27 — — — — — Parliament Houfe, - 28 ■■ SeSlion of the Houfe of Common s, 29 — — — — — Trinity College, - 30 — — • Weft Side of the principal Square in Trinity College, - »j — — — — Theatre in Trinity College,. - ^8 — — — — — Provoft" s Houfe, - ^ r - Royal Exchange, - - 4.3 ■ SeSlion of the Exchange, — ac — — — EJfex and the Queens Bridges, 50 ' Newgate, - - » ■ ■ Marine School, - ^g ■ ■ ■ Lying-in- Hofpital, - - 6 2 Defcription CONTENTS. Page Defer iption of the Blue-Coat-Hofpital, 67 1 Dr. Steevens' -Hofpitaly - - 72 ■■■ ChrifF s-Cathedraly ■» - 76 1 ' St. Patrick" s-Cathedral, - 82 ■•■ St. Werburgfr s-Churchy - ftj ' " St. Thomas s-Church, - - 90 ' aSV. Catharine s-Church> - - 93 MONUMENTS. Defer iption of Archbifhop Smith's Monument , 9^ 1 ■ — /^ Earl of Kildare 's Monument, 100 — — — Thomas Prior, Efqrs. Monument , 102 — Lord Bowes' s Monument , - 107 PRIVATE EDIFICES. Defer iption of Leinfer-Houfe, - IO g — — — Powerfcourt-Houfe, - -112 ■ Charlemont-Houfe, - - ha " Tyrone-Houfe, - - x'tn D E- //w (/iictsiit Sheriffs. The expences were defrayed by the City of Dub- lin, in grateful commemoration of their deli- verance from Popery and flavery, by his victories over James the Second. In the centre of St. Stephen's-green, is an e- queftrian ftatue of his late Majefty, George the Se- cond, in brafs, erected in 1758 : It is placed on a pedeftal, fupported by a fquare building, upwards of twenty feet on each fide, in length ; and over each of the angles on the top, are reprefented mi- litary trophies. An equeftrian ftatue of King George the Firft, that formerly ftood on EfTex- D 2. bridge, 12 DESCRIPTION OF THE bridge, is now lying unnoticed in the Mayoralty garden. There are two elegant modern ftatues placed in the Royal Exchange : One reprefents his prefent Majefty, George the Third, ftanding on a white marble pedeftal, Situated in the ambulatory, oppoftte the entrance at the north front ; he is •cloathed in a Roman military habit, crowned with laurel, and holds a truncheon in his hand : The whole is of call: copper, and was executed by Mr. J. Van Noft. The other is erected, to the memo- ry of Charles Lucas, M. D. and is placed in a niche on the weft ftair cafe : That diftinguilhed Pa- triot is reprefented holding a fcroll, with the words Magna Charta ; a bas relief on the pedeftal that fupports the figure, reprefents Hibernia with the emblems of liberty. This ftatue is univerfally al- lowed to poflefs great merit, the defign being in a mafterly ftile, and the fculpture critically correct. We cannot expect to find many productions of the fine arts, in a Country but newly emerging from a long and unhappy feries of flavery, diicord and. difiention ; but, from the public fpirit that has lately begun to difplay itfelf in the Nation, it is to be hoped we are at laft arrived at a period, that CITY OF DUBLIN. 13 that may prove more propitious to the cultivation of the arts in general. An account of the moft remarkable of the build- ings, will necefTarily occur under their refpective heads, in the following work, we mail therefore only mention a few of them here, together with thofe which are, on account of external appear- ance, excluded from being treated of more parti- cularly. The Parliament-houfe, fituated in Col- lege-green, at the eafl end of the City, is a moft auguft pile, admirably conftrudled in all its parts. Near it ftands the Univerfity, confifting of two fquares, wherein great improvements are now making : The Provoft's houfe in the fame line, has an elegant front. Oppofite to it are two hand- fome houfes, one belonging to the Canal Compa- ny ; the other to the Dublin Society, who have fchools for the inftrudtion of boys, in architecture, ornament and figure drawing; which has been the means of encreafing the number of artifts in thofe different branches ; and of drawing forth from ob- fcurity, the latent genius, that lurked in the mind of youth, which would otherwife have been fmo- thered in its firfl dawnings, by an application to E fome i 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE fome other purfuit in life ; or buried under the labours of a mechanical profeffion. From thefe buildings, Grafton-ftreet leads to St. Stephen's- green ; a large fquare, almoft a mile in circumfe- rence, being probably the largeft in Europe: It is furrounded by a fine gravel walk, fhaded by trees, where genteel company walk in the evenings, and on Sunday after two o'clock. This fquare has fome grand houfes, and is in general well built and inhabited by people of diftin&ion ; there is a great inequality in the houfes, yet this in fome refpecl: adds to its beauty : In the middle of the Green, is the equeftrian ftatue of George II. in brafs, erected in 1758, as before mentioned : The litu- ation is chearful, and the buildings around it multiply very faft. It is here neceflary to remark, that the eaftern fide of the City, contiguous to the fea, is almoft entirely laid out in elegant ftreets, for the re- fidence of the gentry: And the weftern fide, though more remote from the fea, and confequently not fo conveniently fituated for the purpofes of com- merce, is chiefly inhabited by merchants and me- chanicks. There CITY OF DUBLIN. 15 There is an elegant and fpacious fquare laid out, and partly erected, fituated near St. Stephen's- green, called Merrion-fquare, where the houfes are lofty and uniform : This, and Sackville-ftreet, on the other fide of the river, are not perhaps fur- pafTed by any buildings of the kind in Great-Bri- tain. Had the latter of thefe been terminated by the Lying-in-hofpital, it would have added much to its beauty. West of the town, in a fine Situation, ftands the Hofpital of Kilmainham, or Royal-Hofpital, a large commodious building, founded in 1695, for the reception of fuperannuated veterans, and thofe who have been by ficknefs, or the chance of war, rendered incapable of ferving their country in a military capacity. Near this building, is fituated St. Patrick's-hofpital, for lunaticks and idiots, founded by the late celebrated Dean Swift, in 1745, who bequeathed about u,oool. to the ufe of that charitable foundation, for which he unfortunately became a proper object. On the oppofite fide of the river, are the Bar- racks, the largeft building of the kind, not only in E 2 the 16 DESCRIPTION OF THE the Britifh dominions, but in Europe. They are capable of containing 3000 foot, and 500 horfe : The whole is of rough ftone, ornamented with cornices, and window cafes of cut ftone : Some additions lately made, are not without fufficient elegance of architecture. An Ad: of Parliament paffed in the year 1774, for taking down fign-pofts, pent-houfes, and other projections, from the fronts of houfes ; and for new-paving the ftreets, and making flagged foot paflages on each fide ; has contributed great- ly to the beauty and convenience, as well as healthinefs of the City. Dublin is the feat of Government, and of the chief Courts of Juftice : It received feveral ample charters and privileges from the Kings of England, fince the reign of Henry the Second; who intro- duced the Englifh laws into Ireland, and held a Court and Parliament in this City. Richard the Second, erected it into a Marquifate, in favour of Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, whom he alfo created Duke of Ireland, with many royal privi- leges, fuch as the coinage of money, &c. The Civil CITY OF DUBLIN. ly Civil Government is now executed by a Lord Mayor, two Sheriffs, twenty-four Aldermen, and the Common Council who are elected by the dif- ferent corporations. This City is the See of an Archbimop, and fends two Members to Parliament ; and the Uni- verfity fends two more. Befides two Cathedrals, (Chrift's and St. Patrick's) there are eighteen parifh Churches, viz. St. Paul's, St. Michan's, St. Mary's, St. Thomas', St. Mark's, St. Andrew's, St. Ann's, St. Peter's, St. Bridget's, St. Wer- burgh's, St. John's, St. Michael's, St. Nicholas within, St. Nicholas without, St. Audeon's, St. Catharine's, St. James', and St. Luke's ; eight Chapels of eafe, two Churches for French, one for Danilh, and one for Dutch proteftants ; fix Meeting-houfes for Prefbyterians, one for Anabap- tifts, two for Methodifts, one for Moravians, two for Quakers ; twelve Roman Catholic Chapels, three Nunneries, one Jewifh Synagogue, and fourteen Hofpitals. The Four Courts, conlifting of the High Court of Chancery, King's-Bench, Common-Pleas, and Exchequer, are held here, as alfo Courts of Prerogative, Delegate, Con- F fiftory, 18 DESCRIPTION OF THE fiftoiy, and Admiralty ; feveral Halls for Cor- porations, &c. three Theatres, feven Coffee - houfes, befides a number of elegant Hotels for the accommodation of foreigners. The trade of Dublin (until very lately) con- fifted chiefly in the importation of foreign com- modities of all kinds, rather than that of export, fupplying moft places in the kingdom, with every article of foreign luxury ; but now that the policy of Britain, has taken off the reftri&ions which prohibited the exportation of our woollens, and moft of our other goods, we may reafonably hope to fee our exports bear a principal part in the trade of this metropolis. The markets here are plentifully fupplied with flefh, fowl and fim, particularly the latter, in much higher perfe&ion, than in any other Capi- tal in Europe. The inhabitants are chiefly fup- plied with coal from different parts of England. Water is conveyed through the City, by pipes from a noble Refervoir or Bafon, fltuated at the weft-end of the City ; which in fine evenings is a place of refort for the Citizens : It is encom- paffed CITYOFDUBLIN. 19 pafled by a wall, and round it there is a handfome walk, enclofed on each fide by a thick cut hedge, and trees at equal diffances. At one end of it, is a Chinefe bridge, and railed gate with pallifadoes, from whence there is a fine view of the Canal, now cutting through the kingdom, for the con- venience of in-land water carriage : The end of the Canal is adjoining to the Bafon, and at a fmall diftance, there is an elegant ftone b:idge of one arch, erected over it ; the fides of the Canal for fome miles down the country are planted with elm trees. Near the Bafon, is fituated the Work-houfe, founded in 1704, for the relief of the poor of this City ; but by an Aft paffed in 1728, the old cor- poration was difTolved, and a new one erefted, by which they were to receive common beggars, and children of all denominations above fix years old, for which a fund was granted to the Governors arifing from an eftate of 113/. 2s. per annum, from a tax on all carriages plying for hire within the City, and Liberties ; and from a tax of three- pence in the pound, according to the valuation for minifrer's money, on all houfes in the City and F 2 Liberties 20 DESCRIPTION OF THE Liberties aforefaid : Since when it was further enacted, that the Governors of the Work-houfe mould, from the 25th of March 1730, receive into their houfe, all expofed children, of what- foever age or fex ; and this requiring a new fund, the fame Acl laid an additional tax of three-pence in the pound, according to the valuation of the minifter's money : Thus has the original defign of this foundation been entirely changed ; for it is now become merely an hofpital for found- lings. As the prefervation of expofed children is a moft laudable charity, this houfe is become at leaft as ufeful as ever, numbers of children being reared from a week or a day old, to be profit- able members of fociety ; they are early inftrucled in reading, writing and the principles of the pro- teftant religion, and when able fent to the fpin- nino- fchool, &c. where they are inured to la- bour, till they arrive at a proper age to be put apprentice. Almost every pariin in the City has fchools, fupported by charitable donations, collected prin- cipally CITY OF DUBLIN, 21 cipally in the churches at annual charity fermons. There are likewife the Marine and Hibernian fchools, two eftablifhments of the utmoft utility: the iirft, for maintaining, inftrucling, and bring- ing up to the fea fervice, the children of difeafed or difabled failors ; the other, for the fons and daughters of foldiers. Thefe two excellent infti- tutions, are chiefly designed as nurferies for the army and navy. The Marine fchool we give a re- prefentation and feparate defcription of The Hi- bernian fchool is erected in the Phoenix Park, an. extenfive enclofure at the weft-end of the town, about feven miles in circuit, finely diverfified with woodland, champaign, and riling ground,, and ftocked with deer ; in it there is kept a Maga- zine of powder, and a battery that commands the town. The fouth-eaft gate or entrance of the Park, next the City, opens on two roads ; the one planted on each fide with clumps of trees, leads to the center of a wood, where there is a ring encompaffing the figure of a Phoenix, e- rected on the top of a handfome fluted column thirty feet high, built by the Earl of Chef- terfield during his adminiftration in Ireland, G and E2 DESCRIPTION OF THE and from thence is continued quite acrofs the Park ; the other road is in a winding direction, near the wall, through the whole length of the Park on one fide. There is a circular road, part- ly fmifhed, which will be carried through the Park, and will almoft entirely furround the City, beginning on one fide of the river, and terminating on the oppofite fhore. There are two other charitable inflitutions that deferve to be particularly noticed, one the Magdalen Afylum, in Leefon-ftreet, founded for the reception of thofe unfortunate females, who have deviated from the paths of virtue, where they may, by a religious conduct, retrieve in fome de- gree their loft characters, and become ufeful to the community. This excellent charity, owes its origin and principal fupport, to the unremitting attention of the Rt. Hon. Lady Arabella Denny, and the Rev. Dean Bayly. The other is the Houfe of Induftry, founded on the benevolent purpofes of receiving fuch of both fexes, as are by age, misfortune, or fick- nefs, CITY OF DUBLIN. 23 nefs, rendered incapable of earning their bread, and for relieving the public from various impof- tors, and thofe of indecent manners. By its juft and neceflary difcipline as well as inftruction, has been effe&ed the reformation of many of thofe, who had been, by their vices, rendered obnoxious to fociety : For this ufeful inftitution, we are chiefly indebted to the fpirited exertions of the Rev. Dean Woodward, who, with a laudable perfeverance, vanquiihed the oppofition of pre- judice, and procured a Poor bill to be pafTed in Parliament, with a grant of 4000I. It is now fupported by fubfcriptions and annual collecti- ons in the different parifhes, with occafional benefactions, and grants from Parliament. To conclude, which way foever a ftranger turns himfelf, he will perceive an increafing fpirit for elegance, and improvement. Several of the moft beautiful of the buildings have been lately erected; an extenfive Marfhalfea in an open part of the City is juft finifhed ; and about the center of the City, on the north quays, the Public Offices are begun, which, when 24 DESCRIPTION OF, &c. when finifhed, will form an elegant and ex- tenfive range of buildings. The widening of Dame-ftreet, together with feveral other under- takings of public utility, are now under con- templation. DESCRIPTION. I a 3 ta W Eh Q ■3 £ a I w iTHTjf 4FFBB ! ; The CASTLE of DUBLIN, W A S originally built by Henry de Londres, Archbifhop of Dublin, and Lord Juftice of Ire- land, who began it in the year 1205, an( ^ corn- pleated it an?io 1 2 13. In the reign of King John, it was a place of ftrength, moated and flanked with Towers ; but the ditch has been long filled up, and the old buildings taken down, except the wardrobe Tower : Birmingham Tow- er, at the weftern extremity of the Cattle, was left {landing until the year 1775, when it was taken down and rebuilt in 1777, and is now called Harcourt Tower. It was formerly a place of con- finement for State Prifoners, and is at prefent a repoiitory for preferving the antient Records of the Kingdom ; for which purpofe, an eftablifh- ment was made for the Keeper of ten pounds, af- terwards encreafed to * five hundred pounds a year. H The * This augmentation of appointment, was made in favour of the celebrated Mr. Addifon, who was at that time Secretary to the Earl of Wharton, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. 26 DESCRIPTION OF, &c. The annexed view, reprefents the north fide of the principal fquare, feen from its center : The gate at the left fide, is the grand entrance to the Cattle : In this building are apartments for the Mailer of the Ceremonies, and in the open fpace, between the Ionic columns, in the front, the State Muficians appear on their Ma- jefties birth days, and other particular occafions, when the cavalry from the garrilon are drawn up in the fquare, and the whole make a fplendid appearance. Connected with this view, at each end, is a regular range of buildings, which com- pletes the north fide of the fquare, and are ap- propriated to the ufe of the Secretary, and other Officers under the Lord Lieutenant : The oppo- site fide is ornamented by an arcade^ at each fide of a grand entrance, in the Doric Order, which leads to the apartments belonging to the Viceroy, the Council-room, Ball-room, &c. all fpacious and grand apartments. In the Lower Caftle-yard, are the Treafury, and other offices ; and near them, are buildings for keeping the Military Stores, with an Arfenal, and Armory for 40,000 men. THE £ 1 \ 1 THE GARDEN FRONT O F DUBLIN CASTLE. J. H I S view is to the fouthward, and at the rear of the Lord Lieutenants apartments : It is built of mountain ftone, and is ornamented by Semi- columns, of the Ionic order, with architraves and cornices to the windows. As it is fituated, few have an opportunity of beholding it, for the only public pafTage near it, is immediately un- der an arch, that fupports a large flight of fleps, which leads from the Caftle to the warden, from whence, the belt, view may be taken. The time this building was creeled, cannot be exactly afcer- tained, but it appears to be of a modern date, and as near as we can conjecture, about the year 1740. H 2 PAR LIAMENT PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 1 HIS fuperb pile was begun in 1729, during the adminiftration of John, Lord Carteret. It was executed under the infpection. of Sir Ed- ward Lovet Pearce, Engineer and Surveyor-Ge- neral, until his demife, and compleated by- Arthur Dobbs, Efq; who fucceeded him in that office, about the year 1739, the expence amount- ing to near 40,0001. The ftructure deferves the greateft praife ; it may be happily imitated, but has not as yet been exceeded ; and is at this day accounted one of the foremoft architectural beauties. The portico in particular, is, perhaps, with- out a parallel ; it is of the Ionic order, and had it been finifhed with a balluftrade, and proper figures thereon, it would have done honour to ancient Rome in the Auguftan age. The ^ J M ^ PARLIAMENT HOUSE. 29 The internal parts have alio many beauties, and the manner in which the building is lighted, has been much admired. The Houfe of Commons (of which we have given a fe&ion) is of a par- ticular but convenient form ; being an Octagon, covered with a dome, which it were to be wifh- ed, had been raifed to a greater height; as it would have added to the magnificence of the building, and at the fame time have improved the profpect. of the city ; but it is fo low at prefent, that a perfon pairing by, can fcarcely perceive it. It is fupported by columns of the Ionic order, that rife from an amphitheatrical gallery, elegantly balluftraded with iron, where Grangers hear the debates. Near it frauds the Houfe of Peers, more remarkable for its convenience than elegance : Here indeed are two pieces of tapeftry well exe- cuted by a Dutch Arti-ft ; a reprefentation of the Battle of the Boyne, as alfo, that of Aughrim r which have much merit. Upon the whole, prejudice itfelf mufl acknow- ledge, that the Britifh Empire, (we might have added Europe herfelf) cannot boaft of fo fpaci- ous and ftately a Senatorial-Hall. I THE THE COLLEGE of the HOLY and UNDIVIDED TRINITY, GENERALLY TERMED TRINITY COLLEGE. uOME writers inform us, that there were fchools of literature in Ireland, as early as the reign of Paganifm, and that they were eftablifhed by a co- lony of Grecians, which came from the liege of Troy. This is endeavoured to be proved, by many words of Greek extraction, frill remaining in the Irifh language. Though this account is feemingly fabulous, it is not improbable, that the Druids, who were the priefts, philofophers, and legiflators of Ireland, had feminaries for initi- ating youth in their religious myfteries ; but that fuch feminaries were eftablifhed by the ftate, or had any fettled revenues, like our modern Uni- verflties, no one has afferted. What credit may be given to the Irifh hiftorians, we fhall not pre- tend TRINITY COLLEGE. 3* tend to determine ; however, they univerfally agree, that Ollamh Fodlah, King of Ireland, A. M. 3236, was fo great a patron of learning, that he erected, at his own charge, a magnificent palace at Tarah^ called Mur-Qllomham, i. e. the walls of the bards^ as a place of refidence for the literati of his kingdom. Whatever was the flate of the Irim femina- ries in the times of Paganifm, they fhone with luftre in the ages of chriftianity, fucceeding the arrival of St. Patrick, particularly in the fixth, feventh, and eighth centuries. In 131 1, John Lech, Archbifhop of Dublin, procured a bull from Pope Clement V. to eftablifh an Univer- sity for Scholars at Dublin, but the project was laid afide by the death of the Archbishop. It was however revived in 13 20, by Alexander de Bicknor, his fucceflor, who procured a confir- mation of the bull from Pope John XXII. and appointed a fet of ftatutes, to be obferved by this Univeriity, which was erected in St. Pa- trick's church. But for want of a fafricient fund to fupport the Students, the Univeriity dwindled away. The next attempt was in a Par- I 2 liament 3 2 DESCRIPTION OF liament affembled at Dublin, in 1568, but this was without effeft. In 1585, Sir John Perrot, the Lord Deputy, endeavoured to eftablifh two Univerfities in Dublin, and to lay their foun- dation in the diffolution of the Cathedral of St. Patrick ; but Loftus, Archbifhop of Dub- lin, accounting the alienation a kind of facri- lege, defeated this fcheme; yet, convinced of the neceility for fuch a foundation, he applied to the Mayor and Citizens, in Common Council, and perfuaded them to grant the Auguftine Mo- naftery of All Saints, within the fuburbs, for e- redling a College. This grant was confirmed by the Queen, in 1591, and a patent palled the Great Seal for founding the College ; to be called, Collegium San&ce et Individuce Trinitatis juxta Dublin a SereniJ/imd Regind Elizabethd fundatum. The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity, near Dublin, founded by the Moft Serene Queen Elizabeth. To provide a fund for forwarding the building, &c. the Lord Deputy Fitz-Williams, iflued circular letters in 1 591, to the principal gentlemen in each baro- ny, to entreat the benevolence of the well-dif- pofed. Though the collection was but fmall, on TRINITY COLLEGE. 33 on account of the poverty of the inhabitants, the work proceeded with vigour, Thomas Smith, Mayor of Dublin, laying the firft ftone, in March that year, and on the firft of January 1593, the firft Students were admitted, among whom, was that learned and exemplary prelate, Arch- bifhop Ufher. The Queen's endowment lying in Ulfter, the rebellion of Tyrone, intercepted all fupplies from that quarter, and had nearly put a final ftop to it, had not the State taken it under their immediate care and protection. Many were the ftruggles which the infant fe- minary laboured under, before it attained to its prefent fplendor. But the fuccours it received from the bounty of James I. and Charles, his fucceflbr, has contributed to render it the Athens of the kingdom of Ireland. Its original conftitution, being found very imperfect, in the year 1637, this Univerfity re- ceived a new charter, and another fet of fta- tutes, which made feveral material alterations in its conftitution. For ift, by the original charter, the office of Provoft, was, upon a va- cancv, filled up upon an election, made by a K majority 34 DESCRIPTION OF majority of the Fellows : By the new charter, this power was refer ved to the Crown, and the office made donative. 2dly, By the firft char- ter, the Fellows could continue no more than {even years in their office, from the time of com- mencing Mailers of Arts. By the fecond char- ter, they were made tenants for life in their Fellowfhips, if they thought proper to remain unmarried. 3 is in the Corinthian order, and is built of Portland ftone, as are all the buildings in the firft fquare : On entering it, appears the eaft fide of the principal fquare, ornamented with an elegant fteeple, and fpire near 150 feet high ; on the north fide, is the Refectory, or Dining-hall, a fpacious room, with the front ornamented by Ionic pilafters. Con- nected with this, and projecting into the fquare, is the Chapel, crowned with a handfome dome, and at the front, four columns in the Corin- thian order ; this is joined to the weft front, by a regular range of buildings for the Stu- dents. The buildings at the fouth fide, are exactly fimilar to thofe on the north ; the front of the Theatre, reprefented in the annexed en- oravin^, is the fame as that of the Chapel, and is intended for Lectures, Examinations, &c. All 1 ^ S TRINITY COLLEGE. 39 All thofe buildings were defigned by Sir William Chambers, Architect to his Majefty, and will, we expect, be foon compleated. The inner fquare, is partly compofed of plain brick buildings, containing apartments for the Students ; the fouth fide, is entirely taken up, by a moft fuperb Library, fupported by a piazza, erected in the year 1732. The inftde of the Library, is beautiful, commodious, and magnificent, embellifhed with the bufts of the following illuftrious perfonages, fculptured in white marble by the moft eminent Artifts : The bufts are infcribed, with the names of Plato, Socrates, Ariftotle, Cicero, Demofthenes, Homer, Shakefpeare, Milton, Bacon, Newton, Locke, Boyle, Swift, Archbifhop Uiher, the Earl of Pembroke, Dr. Delany, Dr. Lawfon, Dr. Gil- bert, and Dr. Baldwin. On the fhelves, are well chofen collections of the beft writers on every fubject ; a great part of them on one fide, were collected by Archbifhop Ufher, one of the original Students in the College ; the re- mainder, on the fame fide, were the bequeft of Dr. Gilbert, who collected them for the pur- L 2 pofe 4 o DESCRIPTION OF, &c. pofe to which they are now applied ; fince his time, which is about fifty years, their number has been confiderably augmented, yet there are ftill feveral vacancies in the fhelves on the op- pofite fide. The Printing-Office, is a neat ftructure, built in the modern tafte. The Anatomy-Houfe, is worthy of inflection, as it contains, among other curiofities, a fet of figures in wax, reprefent- ing females in every ftate of pregnancy. They are done upon real fkeletons, and are the la- bours of almoft the whole life of a French Artift. They were purchafed by the late Earl of Shelburne, who prefented them to the Uni- verfity. To the eaft is the Park, for the re- laxation of the Students, and a bowling-green is provided for their amufement, at proper pe- riods : The former, we are of opinion, exceeds, not only in extent, but rural beauty, many of thofe public gardens, which are looked upon by the gay and diflipated, as earthly paradifes. The Fellows have alfo an elegantly-laid-out garden, which is appropriated to themfelves. THE The PROVOST's HOUSE, IS ere&ed on the eaft fide of Grafton-flreet, near the College : The plan is chiefly taken from a Houfe in Great Burlington-ftreet, Lon- don, defigned by the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Burlington and Cork, and to be feen in Campbell's Vitruvius Brittanicus. In point of architectural elegance, it may be ranked in the firft clafs of ftrudhires in this kingdom. The front is built of free-ftone, and is richly embellifhed, in the firft ftory, by ificle and rufticated work, and in the fecond, by a range of pilafters in the Doric order, with their en- tablature, and pedeftals ; between each of them, under the windows, are handfome balluftrades, and in the center, a Venetian window of the Tufcan order ; the apartments are judicioufly difpofed and elegantly decorated. The Offices, which are detached from the Houfe, and ap- pear as wings, are in a fine tafte, and very commodious ; indeed, objections are made by fome, to the unufual fize of the chimnies M in 42 THE FROVOST's HOUSE. in the latter, which, it muft be confefled, have not a pleafing appearance ; while others, cen- fure perhaps with reafon, the fcite, as being too much detached from the Univerfity, of which it mould be a part. Before the Houfe is a fpa- cious Court, enclofed by a wall, with a grand gate-way, beautifully rufticated, and on each fide is a fmaller door. The Right Hon. John Hely Hutchinfon, is the prefent Provoft. ROYAL Tf arnj«:'/;ar jj . iutw iJi „uus gg ROYAL EXCHANGE. X H E Royal Exchange, fituated in the cen- ter of the City, near the Caftle, and oppofite Parliament-ftreet, and EfTex-bridge, of which it commands a pleafing view, is a moft mao-ni- ficent edifice, and juftly claims the admiration of Foreigners, being perhaps the moft elegant ftructure of its kind in Europe. It was begun in the year 1769, and the firft ftone was laid by his Excellency George Lord Vifcount Townf- hend, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. The building was defigned by Mr. Cooley, and opened for tranfa£ting bufinefs, in the be- ginning of the year 1779, being ten years in ere&ing. The expences, amounting to about 40,000/. were defrayed by Lottery Schemes, conducted by the Merchants of Dublin, with an integrity, that will do them immortal honour. The form of this beautiful edifice, is near- ly a fquare, having three fronts of Portland M 2 ftcne. 44 DESCRIPTION OF ftone, in the Corinthian order, crowned by a dome in the center of the building. The north front, reprefented in the annexed view, is the raoft perfect : A range of fix columns, with their correfpondent pilafters, and entablature, fuftain a noble pediment, highly decorated ; at each fide, in the fame range, are two pilafters. On account of the acclivity of the ground on which the Exchange ftands, the entrance is by a large flight of fteps, and before it, is a handfome balluftrade fupported by ruftic work : In this front, between the columns, are three entrances, with elegant iron gates, hung to Ionic pilafters. Immediately over the gates, are three windows between the columns, that aflift in lighting the Coffee-room ; on each fide of thefe windows, are two others, all richly ornamented by architraves, &c. The lower part, between the pilafters, is embellifhed by ruftic work. The weft front varies but little from the north front, except the want of a pediment : A regular range of Corinthian pilafters, with their entablature, are continued throughout the three THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 45 three fronts, and fupports an elegant baluf- trade, which is only interrupted by the pedi- ment in the north front : In the center of the weft fide, is a projection of the entablature, fupported by four columns, between which, are three handfome glafs doors, with Ionic pilaf- ters like thofe already defcribed ; the afcent to them, is by three fteps only, as the ground at this fide, comes near to a level. In the upper floor, is a range of windows, embellifb- ed like thofe in the north front. Under the pilafters in the eaft front, are arched windows that light the Brokers Offices, and a door that communicates with them, and the fub terraneous vaults of the Exchange, The infide of this edifice, pofTefTes beauties- that cannot be clearly expreffed by words, be- ing a great curiofity to thofe who have a tafte for architecture. The dome is fpacious, lofty, and noble, and is fupported by twelve Com- pofite fluted columns, which rifing from the floor, form a circular walk, in the center of the ambulatory ; the entablature over the co- lumns, is enriched in the moft fplendid man- N ner. 46 DESCRIPTION OF ner, and above that, are twelve elegant circu- lar windows. The cieling of the dome is de- corated with ftucco ornaments, in the Mofaic tafte, divided into fmall Hexagonal compart- ments, and in the center is a large window that illumines moft of the building. Between two of the columns, oppoiite the entrance of the north front, on a white marble pedeftal, is a ftatue in brafs, of his prefent Majefty, George the Third, in a Roman military ha- bit, crowned with laurel, and holding a trun- cheon in his hand ; it was executed by Mr. Van Noft, and coft feven hundred guineas. On each fide of the fluted columns that fupport the dome, are femi-pilafters of the Ionic order, that extend to upwards of half the height of the columns ; over the pilaf- ters is an entablature, and above that, in the fpace between the columns, are elegant fe{- toons of drapery, and other ornamental decora- tions ; with a clock over the ftatue of his Ma- jefty, and directly oppoiite the entrance at the north front. Behind four of the columns, an- fwering to the angles of the building, are re- ceffes, with defks, and other accommodations for THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 47 for writing, thefe are not only very convenient, but ferve to fquare the walks that furround the principal one in the center ; thofe ride walks are fupported by Ionic pilafters, that are continued round the building, with blank ar- cades, in which feats are placed ; the floor through the whole ambulatory is handfomely inlaid, particularly in the central part. The columns, pilafters, arcade, floor, ftair-cafes, &c. are all of Portland ftone, which creates a very grand effect. At each extremity of the north fide of the Exchange, are oval geometrical ftair-cafes, which lead to the Coffee-room, and other apartments on the fame floor: 7'he ftair-cafes are enlight- ened by flat oval lanterns in the cieling, which is embellished by handfome ftucco orna- ments : In fome of the compartments, are re- prefented Figures found in the ruins of Her- culaneum, with the grounds coloured. In a niche on the weft ftair-cafe, is a beautiful pe- deftrian ftatue of the late Dr. Charles Lucas, fculptured in white marble by Mr. Edward Smyth of this City, the expence of which, was N 2 defrayed 4 8 DESCRIPTION OF defrayed by a number of gentlemen, admirers of the deceafed Patriot; on the body of the pe- deftal in bas-relief, is a reprefentation of Liberty feated, with her rod and cap. The Coffee-room, extends from one flair- cafe to the other, almoft the whole length of the north front, and its breadth is from the front to the dome : In. point of magnificence, it is perhaps equal to any Coffee-room in Great-Bri- tain : It receives its lights by the windows in the north front, and by oval lanterns in the flat of the cieling, which is highly ornament- ed, and from which is fufpended a grand luf- tre. The other embellimments of this room are in good tafte, and entirely convenient : In one iide of the room is a clock, furrounded with ftucco ornaments. At the weft front, is a fpacious and hand- fome room, wherein the Merchants depoiit in ranges of drawers, famples of their different com- modities ; at the fouth end is a Venetian win- dow, which helps to light it : This room leads to the apartments of the Houfe-keeper, &c. At THE ROYAL EXCHANGE. 49 At the eaft front, is an elegant room for the Committee of Merchants to meet in, finiihed in a good ftile, with a Venetian window at the fouth end which aflifts in lighting it, fimilar to that in the room at the weft front; adjoining to this apart- ment is a convenient anti-chamber. Upon the whole, whether we look upon this building with refpecl to magnificence or con- venience, it is equally deferving of our admirati- on and applaufe. Prejudice and the variety of tafte, have occalioned many unmerited cenfures, and exaggerated praifes to be beftowed on it. We muft confefs, that there are in this, as well as in every other human performance, errors, which are the infeparable attendants on the moft finiihed produ&ion of art ; for, as the celebrated Mr. Pope, in his EfTay on Criticifm, juftly obferves, Whoever thinks a faultlefs piece to fee ^ 'Thinks what neer was, nor is, nor eerfoallbe- O ESSEX- ESSEX-BRIDGE W A S originally founded in 1676, by Hum- phry Jervis (afterwards Lord Mayor and Knight- ed in 1 681) in the Vice-royalty of Arthur Earl of EiTex, from whom it derived its name : The old foundation decaying, they began to take it down Jan. the 19th, 1753, and proceed- ed with expedition, 'till they came to clear away the old and lay the new foundation ; which being feveral feet lower than the level of the river, at the loweft ebb, it occasioned much difficulty : * This was however foon overcome! by the abilities of the architect and overfeer, Mr. George Semple. As there is a great analogy between this Bridge and that of Weftminfter, we cannot do greater juftice ♦ The fate of the undertakers of this bridge was very re- markable; Sir Humphrey Jervis, the founder of it, was confined in gaol for feveral years ; and Mr. Robert Mack, a fkilful Mafon, who executed the work to the fatisfacYion of the public, was a ^onfiderable lofer, by a miflake in the contract, added to feveral unforefeen accidents ; and were he not more happy in his credit than his engagement, muft have undergone the fame fate. % fc 1 i * *§ „ , V Pi > « v fi § % H X * n NS w -v s 5B ^ X >., ''^ 1 s s I * ESSEX. BRIDGE. 51 juftice to the curious, than to give it nearly in the words of the overfeer of the work. At Weftminfter-bridge, moderate tides flow eleven feet, at EfTex-bridge ten feet. The piers of Weftminfter-bridge were built in Caiflbns (an old method of building in ftaunch floating chefts, which fink at a venture to the bed of the river, according as the weight in them is encreafed) The thorough foundation and piers of EfTex-bridge, were built in coffer-dams, an excellent new method of keeping off the water, 'till the foundations are dug, properly cleared, and carefully laid on the folid ground. From their high-water marks, to the loweft bed of their mafonry, the main depth in Weftminfter- bridge is twenty-three feet ; and the fame at EfTex-bridge is twenty-one feet fix inches ; but the difflculties attending their working in the flow, clean, open river, at the former, were no ways adequate to thofe of the latter. Every ftone in EfTex-bridge is in exacr. fimi- litude, and in refpecTive proportions with thofe in Weftminfter-bridge, and this proportion is O 2 taken 5 2 DESCRIPTION OF taken from the fpans of their middle arches, which are to one another, as three to five : Their length are as one to four. The breadth of Weftminfter-bridge from the extremities of the parapets or plinths under the balluftrade, is forty-four feet, and at Effex-bridge it is fifty-one feet. In point of view, Weftminfter-bridge appears to great advantage, being entirely (except part of the piers) above low-water mark ; whereas one half of the coft of Effex-bridge, has been expended for the works that are under low- water mark. The interval from laying the firft ftone of Weftminfter-bridge, to its opening for the paffage of carriages, was eleven years, nine months, and twenty-one days ; and the fame at Effex-bridge, was one year, five months, and twenty-one days. The fum total of the coft of Weftminfter-bridge, was 218,800/. fterl. that of Effex-bridge by eftimation, 20,661/. in, \d. fterl. It muft be confeffed, exclufive of Black-Fri- ars-bridge, Weftminfter-bridge is the moft fu- perb ESSEX-BRIDGE. 53 perb and majeftic ftructure of the kind in Eu- rope ; but, tho' it appears ftrong, yet, on a cri- tical examination, it will be found to be rather weak and feeble : Its top is too narrow for its height and length, and the piers bear no pro- portion to the exceflive weight which they fup- port ; becaufe they do not occupy nor take fuf- ficient hold of the bed of the river, but ftand loofe on the bottom of the CaifTons in which they were built ; befides which, the remainder of the river continues naked and unguarded between each of the piers. In cafe the bed of the river, under any faliant angles of the piers, mould prove fofter than the reft, which may not be improbable, the confequence will be, that the fofter muft give way, and though the declination may at prefent prove imperceptible, even by the plumb-line, yet, the immenfe weight of the fuperftructure, and the fcanty footing of the piers, may in time produce a very difagreeable effect. Whereas the breadth of ElTex-bridge is proportioned to its height, and counter-ballanced with a fubftantial foundation, which preferves the bed of the river between the piers, and fecures the whole ftructure from any accident, either from the river, or the outrage of time. P THE The QJJEEN's - BRIDGE. 1 HIS Bridge was erected on the fcite of Arran- bridge, a mean building erected in 1684, and de- ftroyed by the floods in October 1763. It has with its new name, aflumed a very elegant form, confifting of three arches, in length 140 feet, with balluftrades, foot pafTages, and ornamental deco- rations, designed in a good tafte, and executed under the infpection of Colonel Vallancey ; a gentleman as much diftinguifhed for his literary as his profefllonal abilities. It took about four years in compleating and was fmifhed in 1768. The other bridges over the Liffey, are Ormond- bridge, built during the adminiftration of the Duke of Ormond, in 1684; the Old-bridge, rebuilt in 1428, before that time called Dublin-bridge, and Bloody-bridge, originally built of wood, A. D. 1 67 1, and from an attempt to break it down, in which four perfons were killed, it acquired its prefent name. Thefe three buildings are devoid of any architectural embellifhment, and ferve merely for the purpofes of convenience. NEWGATE. !!!!!!!! lis i I ill ! ! •i»!»Sfe ■'s'sS?! ^ff'?'! NEWGATE. 1 HE old gaol in Corn-market, having become very inconvenient from want of fufficient room for the prifoners, the clofenefs of its fituation, and the ruinous ftate of the building, a new one was determined to be erected ; for which purpofe, a fpacious piece of ground at the north fide of the City, called the Little-Green was chofen, in order to erect a gaol, wherein fecurity, conve- nience, and the prevention of the communica- tion of contagious difeafes, might be fully an- fwered. On the 28th of October 1773, the foundati- on ftone of the prefent building was laid, by the Rt. Hon. Lord Annaly, Lord Chief Juftice of his Majelty's Court of King's-Bench. The work was carried on according to the deiign of Mr. Cooley and under his infpection, with all the expedition, which the care necefTary to be P 2 taken 5 6 DESCRIPTION OF taken in a building fo important and extenfive, would admit. The expences amounting to about 16,000/. was raifed by taxes on the inhabitants of the City of Dublin, except 2000/. granted by the Parliament of Ireland. It is a large quadrangular pile, extending one hundred and feventy feet in front, and nearly as much in depth. The principal front reprefented in the annexed engraving, is on the eaft fide, and confifts of a center break of mountain ftone, rufticated and crowned with a pediment. On each fide is a plain facade of black lime-ftone, and at the external angles are four round towers, with a cavity carried up in each, through which the filth of the gaol is conveyed. On the left fide of the entrance is the guard-room, over which is the chapel, and to the right is the Gaoler's apartments. After pafTing the gateway, is a door that leads to the prefs-yards, where the prifoners have their bolts put on and off; the prefs-yard on the left hand is for the men, from which there is a paffage to the apartments in the eaft front, for NEWGATE. 57 for thofe who turn evidence for the crown, and adjoining to this, is a large room for the tranf- ports ; another door from the prefs-yards com- municates with the felon's fquares, wherein are the cells, twelve on each floor, with a flair-cafe to each flde : Before the cells is a corridor- walk terminated by the privies. In the center of the fouth flde is the ciftern or refervoir, to which the water is raifed by an engine, and from thence conveyed to the dif- ferent cells ; on each flde of the ciftern, is the Infirmary, divided into two parts for the fepa- ration of fexes, a diftinction properly obferved throughout the whole deflgn. The cells for thofe under fentence of death, are gloomy manflons indeed ! they compofe the cellarage of the eaft front, and are nine in number. There are two common-halls to the prifoner's yards, where they are allowed the liberty to walk, and in which, are fires during the winter feafon. Q^ Upon 58 DESCRIPTION OF, G?f. Upon the whole, the deiign of this gaol is fupe- rior to thofe hitherto ere&ed in this kingdom. Par- ticular care appears to have been taken to prevent the gaol diftemper, by afligning each prifoner a fe- parate cell, of which there are ninety feven, ex- clufive of tranfport- rooms, 8tc. and thofe apart- ments which the Gaoler has for the accommodation of his 'wealthy tenants. Among the errors of this ftructure, the narrownefs of the ftairs is confpicu- ous, as it prevents the free circulation of air ; the Chapel, from its fituation in the upper floor, is very difficult of accefs to the prifoners, who are in irons ; had it been fituated on the ground floor, and the Hofpital in the upper apartments, they would both anfwer their intention much better. Mr. Cooley appears to have profited by the re- marks contained in that ufeful and ingenious Trea- tife on the Gaols of England, wrote by J. Howard, Efq; F. R. S. MARINE MARINE SCHOOL. X H E Hibernian Marine Nurfery, was infti- tuted in the year 1766, by a number of gentle- men, who formed a fcheme in the late war, for promoting the fervice of his Majefty's fleet, by cloathing a number of men and boys, then ufe- lefs and rather burthenfome to the public, with encouragement for. them to enter into the fea fer- vice. By this means they were enabled to fupply the Royal Navy with 564 men and boys. The commencement of peace having rendered that meafure no longer neceffary, thofe gentlemen turned their thoughts to fomething more perma- nent for the advantage of the fea fervice, both with refpeft to his Majefty's navy, and the com- mercial intereft ; conceiving that nothing could more effectually contribute to that end than the taking care of the orphans of fea-faring men, who had lojft their lives, or were worn out in Q^ 2 fuch 6o DESCRIPTION OF fuch fervices; and who rauft feel dreadful anxiety in thofe tremendous hours of tryal (to which they are fo often expofed) when reflection brings before them the condition of their families, and the danger of their helplefs children periming with themfelves. These considerations, the fuggeftions of hu- manity and policy, induced them to hold out to fea-faring men an institution, affording not only immediate protection and fupport to their orphans and children, but likewife educating and inftructing them, fo as to prepare them for that neceffary, however laborious and dangerous oc- cupation, wherein their father's fpent their lives and wore out their conftitutions ; and for that purpofe a voluntary fubfcription was raifed, by which the fociety were enabled in the year 1766, to open, a houfe at Irifhtown, near Ringfend, (about a mile to the eastward of Dublin) for the reception of 20 boys ; and as the fubfcriptions and benefactions encreafed, they enlarged the number to 50, afterwards to 60, and proporti- onably more as their fund enabled them. In * THE MARINE SCHOOL. 61 In the year 1768, a lot of ground was taken on the lower end of Sir John Rogerfon's quay (where the prefent building ftands) for the pur- pofe of erecting a houfe, better adapted for the en- creafing number of children, and in a more conve- nient fituation for the infpedtion of the Governors. In 1773, the new houfe was opened for the recep- tion of the children, and found to anfwer in every refpedl the purpofes of its intention. The annexed plate reprefents the north front oppofite the river: The right wing is the Chapel and the left the School-room. The apartments in the center, are extremely well calculated for their refpective purpofes, and are capable of containing 200 children. The expences of the building, amounting to 6600/. was defrayed by Parliament, who at different times granted fums, amounting in the whole to 7500/. fterl. and in 1775, the Society obtained a Charter. Since the commencement of the inftitution to this prefent time, one hundred and twenty-four boys have been apprenticed to the fea-fervice, of moft of whofe behaviour, very fa- vourable accounts have been received : There are now in the Houfe ninety-fix. Q^ The L,l, ■»!■ Ill The LYING-IN-HOSPITAL. X H I S Hofpital was founded by Bartholomew Mofle, Surgeon and Licentiate in Midwifery, who, being moved by the fufferings of the poor Women of this City, at the time of their lying- in, took a Houfe in George's-lane, and opened it the 25th of March 17455 for their reception, fupporting it at his own expence, until the appa- rent ufefulnefs of it, induced feveral well-difpofed perfons to encourage the undertaking, by be- nefactions, and yearly fubfcriptions. In the year 1750, Doctor MolTe, finding the Houfe in George's-lane too fmall, for the re- ception of the great number of Women apply- ing for admittance, took a leafe of a piece of ground in Great-Britain-ftreet, in order to build a large Hofpital ; and to fecure a probability of maintaining it, he frrft, at the rifque of his whole fortune, laid out and finimed the prefent Garden, for THE LYING- IN- HOSPITAL. 63 for a polite place of amufement, which is juftly admired for its many beauties. On the 24th of May 1751, (O. S.) the foun- dation ftone was laid by the Right Hon. Thomas Taylor, then Lord Mayor of the City of Dub- lin. Doctor MofTe continued to carry on the building, and raifed money for that purpofe by Lottery Schemes, and on his own credit, until he had expended thereon above 8000/. but in the year 1754 failing in a Scheme, which he expected would have enabled him to complete the building, he petitioned the Houfe of Com- mons in 1755 > a grant was in confequence made of 6000/. which enabled him to proceed in his undertaking until the Seilion following;, when a further fum of 6000/. was granted for fmifning the Hofpital, and 2000/. for the Doc- tor's own ufe, as a reward for his fer vices. In the year 1756, he obtained a Charter from his late Majefty, George II. incorporating a num- ber of Noblemen and Gentlemen as guardians, and appointing himfelf Mafter of the Hofpital during life. Ox 64 DESCRIPTION OF On the 8th day of December 1757, it was opened by his Grace the Duke of Bedford, then Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and fifty-two poor Women great with child, who then attended for admittance, were received. From the day it was opened to the 31ft of December 1779, the en- tire number of women admitted amounted to 15,011, of whom 588 went out not delivered. Delivered in the Hofpital 14,423. Boys born 7727. Girls born 6931. 233 Women had twins, among whom, two had three children each. Children dead 2581. Still-born 730, and the number of Women who died 186 ; from which we find the proportion of males to females born to be as 9 to 8. Children dying under 20 days old, as 1 to about 5^. Chil- dren flill-born, as 1 to 20. Women having twins, as 1 to 62. Women dying in child-bed, as 1 to 77. The expences of the Hofpital are defrayed principally by the receipts of the Rotunda, by which is cleared, after deducting the expences about 400/. annually ; by the collections in the Chapel, which amount to above 200/. and by THE LYING- IN-HOSPITAL. 6$ by balls in the Rotunda in Winter, befides considerable benefactions, which made the en- tire receipts for the year 1779, amount to the fum of 1 1 59/. is. $d. in which year, 1064 Women were admitted into the Hofpital. From this it appears that the expence of each Woman and her child, is about 1/. is. $d. including fala- ries, repairs, &c. The number of Women has of late been conftantly increarlng, and the fund, kept up in a great meafure by the particular at- tention and extenfive influence of the Rev. Dean Bayly, Archdeacon of Dublin, one of the Go- vernors of the Hofpital. The Lying-in-Hofpital is efteemed by the beft judges to be an excellent piece of architecture, and is admired for the beauty of its proportions : The colonade at each fide, and the fteeple, is in a good ftile. The interior parts are extremely well difpofed. The Chapel is particularly admired for the elegance of the Stucco ornaments with which it is enriched. The wards for the women are very convenient. Adjoining to the eaft colonade is the Rotunda, one or the nobleil: and moft mag- es nificent circular rooms in the Britiili dominions : S The 66 DESCRIPTION OF, (i?f. The wall infide is decorated by a number of fluted Corinthian pilafters ; between them are windows ornamented in a fine ftile, and beneath are receffes between the pedeftals of the pilafters ; at one fide a grand Orcheftra. Through the Rotunda is a pafTage to the Garden, at the rere of the Hofpital, wherein is a fine Bowling-green, with beautiful walks and fhrubberies. The Rotunda and Garden is open three evenings in the week, when there is an excellent concert of vocal and inftrumental mufic : At fuch times and on Sunday evenings, when there is no concert, there is a numerous and brilliant afTembly of the firft people in the City. Since the death of Doctor MolTe, there has been an election every feven years for a Mafter of the Hofpital, who has two AfTiftants, and a number of Pupils. The prefent Mafter is Do&or Frederick Jebb. THE Pool n r«k aj The East froxt of the B i. vr. C OAT Hospital. tfao.- Ta^or foulp. vT HOSPITAL \j77a. THE BLUE-COAT HOSPITAL, O R FREE-SCHOOL of KING CHARLES II. W A S originally fituated in Queen-ftreet, at the fouth eaft corner of Oxmantown-green, and was the firft inftitution of the kind in Ireland. It was founded in 1670, by the contributions of the inhabitants of Dublin, together with other be- nefactions, King Charles the II. gave them a Char- ter, with a grant of that piece of ground on which the building ftands. It was at firft intended for the reception and fupport of the aged and infirm poor of the City, as well as of their children ; but the Governors, finding their fund inadequate to the original defign, thought proper about the year 1680, to receive boys only; and from that time, as their revenues encreafed, they have enlarged their number from thirty or forty, to one hundred and feventy their prefent number, and the annual income for their fupport is about 2000/. of which 250/. 68 DESCRIPTION OF 250/. is granted by the City of Dublin. The real eftate is now near 1000/. but in a few years, when the prefent leafes expire, it will be considerably augmented. The remainder depending on cafual benefactions, cannot be exactly afcertained. The children admitted are to be the fons of reduced freemen, who have the preference of all others, except ten on the foundation of Henry Ofborne, Efq; and twenty on the foun- dation of Erafmus Smith, Efq; befides two which the Minifter of the parifh of St. Werburgh has the privilege of appointing, agreeable to the will of Mr. James Southwell, who bequeathed 436/. to the Hofpital. They are maintained, cloathed and educated, and when properly qualified, put ap- prentice to Proteftant mailers ; with each boy is paid the fum of 5/. as a fee. They are dieted in the moft plain, wholefome, and re- gular manner. As to their education, they are inftru&ed in reading, writing and arithme- tick, and when they have made a fufficient pro- grefs therein, are bound apprentice as before- mentioned. The Corporation of Merchants fup- port a Mathematical fchool in the Hofpital, for the THE BLUE-COAT-HOSPITAL. 69 the inftruction of ten boys in navigation, who are to be put apprentice to Merchants or Cap- tains of mips, for the fea-fervice. The children attend, divine fervice regularly every day : This, together with their being carefully inftrudted in the principles of religion, creates fuch an early ha- bit of piety, as gives the faireft profpect of their becoming virtuous and ufeful members of the com- munity. It is obfervable, that the boys of this Hof- pital generally prove fober, honeft and diligent ap- prentices, and many of them have become refpecla- ble citizens, which is, no doubt, to be attributed to their having been thus early inftrucled in, and ac- cuftomed to, the duties of religion, and laid under the necellary reftraints, whereby they are fecured from the dangers ariiing from corrupt company, and the confequent vices, obfervable in boys aban- doned to their own difcretion. The old building, though capacious and con- venient, had in its exterior appearance but little to recommend it, and having of late years been in a ftate of decay, it was judged neceffary to re- build it ; for which purpofe, they chofe a piece of ground in Oxmantown-green, at a fmall diftance T from • 7 o DESCRIPTION OF from the old one, and almoft adjoining the eaft lide of the Barracks, on which they are now erecting the beautiful edifice, reprefented in the annexed view. The flrft flone of the new building, was laid by his Excellency the Earl of Harcourt, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, on the 16th of June 1773 ; and the center part of it was immediate- ly proceeded upon and finifhed ; it contains apartments for the principal Officers, and their fervants, a Committee-room, Record-room, and a handfome Board-room for the Governors to meet in. The front is enriched in the center, by four Ionic columns, fupporting a pediment ; over this the fteeple rifes to the height of one hundred and thirty feet from the ground, and is enriched by Corinthian and Compofite pilafters, in the moft elegant ftile. On one fide of this building ftands the Chapel, and on the other the School, forming two beautifully proportion- ed wings. The Chapel which forms the north wing, is fixty-flve feet long, thirty-two feet fix inches broad, and thirty-two feet high. The School (forming the fouth wing) is of the fame length THE BLUE-COAT-HOSPITAL. 7 1 length and breadth as the Chapel, and twenty- feet high, over which, apartments were oricri- nally intended for the School-matter and his fa- mily, but at prefent it is one open rooom, twelve feet high, and propofed for a temporary dormi- tory for the boys, until their fleeping rooms can be accoinplifhed in the rere, agreeable to the firft defign : This whole front extends three hundred and fixty feet. Adjoining the wings, and not re- prefented in the view, are the two gateways, one of which leads to the School, and different of- fices in the rere, and the other to the Chapel. Both the wings are united to the center build- ing, by handfome circular walls, ornamented with a baluftrade and niches. The principal fteeple in the center, when compleated, and the turrets on the wings, muft add much to the beautiful appear- ance of this building as a public work, and reflect. a great deal of honour on the abilities of the ar- chitect, Mr. Thomas Ivory. The expences of the building has already a- mounted to 16,000/. and it is expe&ed that 4000/. more will complete it. A handfome Bowlino-- green, is intended at the rere, between this build- ing and the Barrack. S T E E- STEEVENS' s-HOSPITAL. DOCTOR Steevens, late a Phyfician of Dub- lin, in 1 710, bequeathed his real eftate of 660/. per ami. to his lifter Grizelda Steevens during her life ; and after her deceafe, vefted it in truftees for ere&ing and endowing an Hofpital near Dublin, for the relief and maintenance of curable poor perfons, and to be called Steevens's Hofpital. Mrs. Steevens, becoming pofTefTed of the ef- tate, was delirous of feeing her brother's in- tention executed ; and, foon after his death, pur- chafed the ground at the weft end of James's- ftreet where it now ftands. In 1720 me beo-an the building on a much more extenfive plan, than the original fund would fupport, but was aiTifted by feveral confiderable bequefts and benefactions, which enabled her to complete two thirds of the building in July 1733 when the Hofpital was opened STEEVENS's-HOSPITAL. 73 opened, and wards were furnifhed for the recep- tion of 40 patients, who were admitted in the year 1734. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1730, appointing twenty-three Governors, and their fuccefTors, to be a body politic and cor- porate for ever, with power to purchafe lands of inheritance to the amount of 2000/. per ann. to have a common feal, to fue and be fued, and to make leafes. A third of the Hofpital remaining unfinifh- ed, the Governors opened a fubfcription which brought in near 1400/. and as Mrs. Steevens con- tinued to pay 450/. per a?m. the building was foon compleated, and is, at prefent, a fpacious fquare, with an area in the center, and round it is a pi- azza that leads to the different parts of the building, which is capable of receiving three hun- dred patients. An eftimate has been formed, whereby it is computed that 200/. will endow a bed for ever providing neceffaries and proper attendance for U one 74 DESCRIPTION OF one patient ; and there are (even fuch beds in the Hofpital, belides others iupported during pleafure, by feveral ladies and gentlemen. For fome years, there have been iupported in the Hofpital, about feventy decayed houfe- keepers, tradefmen, fervants of both fexcs, and labourers, which at 10/. each, makes 700/. per ami. From the 30th of Sept. 1778, to the 30th of Sept. 1779, the number of patients admitted, a- mounted to 671, of whom 627 were cured, 9 in- curable, 13 irregular, and 30 died; belides 80 which remained in the Hofpital the 30th of Sept. 1779. There are alfo externs, who attend for ad- vice and medicines, but, as there cannot be a re- gistry kept of them, 'tis difficult to compute their number. The Governors of the Hofpital are impow- ered, by Act of Parliament, to elect officers, &c. to continue during pleafure ; to punifh fer- vants and patients for mifbehaviour ; alfo to make bye-laws, rules and orders, for the good govern- ment, &c. of the Hofpital. In STEEVENS's-HOSPITAL. y$ Doctor Stearne, Bifhop of Clogher, and Mrs. Either Johnfon, left legacies to this Hofpital, by which a genteel appointment is provided for the Chaplain, who is obliged to refide in the houfe. If the Governors were pofTefTed of fuch an eftate as they are empowered to purchafe, there can be no doubt but, by their oecoiiomy, they would be able to maintain three hundred pa- tients, the Hofpital being built to receive that number ; and, according to the opinion of fe- veral gentlemen who have been abroad, it is not only commodious, but is kept as clean as any Hof- pital of the kind in Europe. THE THE CATHEDRAL of CHRIST-CHURCH, OR THE BLESSED TRINITY. blTRICUS the fon of Amlave, King of the Oftmen of Dublin, and Donat, Bifhop of Dub- lin, built this church for Secular Canons, in the middle of the city, about the year 1038, but Laurence O 'Toole, Archbifhop of Dub- lin, changed thefe Secular Canons into Canons Regular, of the Order of Arras, about the year 1163. After the church was finimed, Donat built an epifcopal palace near it, in the place where the deanry-houfe formerly ftood, now the fcite of the Four Courts, in which the Judges fit for the adminiftration of juftice. Donat built alfo St. Michael's chapel ; which his fucceffor, Richard Talbot, fome ft -I ■N. I 1 CHRIST-CHURCH. 77 fome ages after converted into a parochial church : He alfo, befides the nave and wings of the cathedral, erected from the foundation the chapel of St. Nicholas, on the north iide of the church. Laurence, Archbifhop of Dub- lin, Richard, furnamed Strongbow, Earl of Stri- gul, Robert Fitz-Stephens, and Raymond le Grofs, undertook to enlarge this church, and at their own charges built the choir, the fteeple, and two chapels ; one dedicated to St. Edmond, King and Martyr, and to St. Mary, called the White, and the other to St. Laud. We find alfo another chapel * in this church, in the fouth Aile adjoining to the choir, firft dedi- cated to the Holy Ghofr, but afterwards to Archbifhop Laurence after his canonization, and called St. Laurence OToole's Chapel. The prior and convent of this church had antiently a cell of three canons in the diocefe of Armagh, endowed with the churches of St, Mary of Drumfalin (where they had their re- sidence and ferved the cure) and of Philipf- X ton- * Archives of Christ-Church. 7 8 DESCRIPTION OF ton-Nugent, with the chapels annexed ; but, about the year 1250, they were lupprefled by Albert, Archbifhop of Armagh. The prior of the cathedral of Chrift-church, while it continued a regular Community, had a feat and fuffrage in Parliament, among the Spiritual Peers; but, in the year 154.1, while Archbifhop Brown was in poffeflion of the See of Dublin, King Henry the VIII. convert- ed the priory and convent of the cathedral of the Holy Trinity, into a deanry and chap- ter. This new foundation confifled of a Dean, Chantor, Chancellor, Treafurer and fix Vicars-choral. Robert Cattle, alias Painfwick, the laft Prior, was made the firft Dean of it : And the King confirmed to them their antient eftates and immunities. Archbifhop Brown, a?ino 1544, ere&ed three Prebends in this church, viz. St. Michael's, St. Michan's, and St. John's : From the time of thefe alterations, it hath ge- nerally borne the name of Chrift-church, tho' before called the church of the BlelTed Tri- nity. In CHRIST-CHURCH. 79 In the year 1559, during the Adminiftration of Thomas, Earl of SufTex, the Parliament was held in Chrift-church, in a room called the Common-houfe (perhaps the Houfe of Com- mons) as appears by a ftatute 29th of Hti:"y VI. where a Petition from the Senefchal of the Liberty of Wexford, and from the Sove- reign of Wexford, was read in Parliament, di- rected to the Earl of Kildare, Lord-Deputy, to the Lords Spiritual and Temporal in Parliament affembled, and to the Commons of the faid Par- liament, in the Common-houfe within the ca- thedral of the Holy Trinity, as Chrift-church was anciently called. King Edward VI. added fix Priefts, and two Chorifters or Singing Boys, to whom he affign- ed a penfion of 45/. 6s. 8d. per ann. Englifh money, payable out of the Exchequer during pleafure ; Queen Mary confirmed this penfion, and granted it in perpetuity. In this founda- tion, King James I. made fome alterations ; fo that now there is a Dean, Chantor, Chancel- lor and three Prebendaries, viz. St. John's, St. Michael's and St. Michans', befides fix Vi- cars- Jo DESCRIPTION OF cars-choral and four Chorifters : He alfo or- dained, that the Archdeacon of Dublin fhould have a flail in the choir, and a voice and feat in the chapter, in all capitular ads relating to the faid church. The prefent appearance of this building, is a convincing evidence of its antiquity, as it hath undergone very few alterations fince it was firft built, the re-building the fouth fide of the nave, which fell down in the year 1562, being the only material one; the following infcription on the new wall, is placed to commemorate that ac- cident. the : rigiht : honorabl : t : erl : of : svssex : l : levtnt. this : wal : fel : down : in : an : 1562 x the : bilding : of : this : wal : was : in : an : 1562. As a further evidence, the following infcrip- tion appears, immediately over an ancient piece of ftatuary, reprefenting a man in armour, with part of a female figure at his fide, both lying extended on a block of ftone about two feet high, CHRIST CHURCH. 81 high, and are faid to be the ftatues of Strongbow, and his wife Eva. * THIS : AVNCYENT ! MONVMENT : OF I RYCHARD i STRANGBOWE : CALLED : COMES : STRANGVLENSIS : LORD ! OF : CHEPSTO : AND i OGNY : THE : FYRST : AND : PRINCYPALL : INVADER : OF : IRLAND : 1169 : QVI : OBIIT : 1177 : THE : MONVMENT : WAS : BROCK.EN : BY : THE : FALL : OF : THE : ROFF : AND . BODYE : OF : CHRISTES : CHVRCHE : IN : AN : 1562 : AND : SET : VP .- AGAYN'E : AT : THE : CHARGYS : OF : THE : RIGHT : HONORABLE : SR : HENIRI : SYDNEY : K.NYGHT : OF : THE : NOBLE : ORDER : L : PRESIDENT : OF : WAILES : L : DEPVTY : OF : IRLAND : 1570. There are fome other ancient inscriptions in this church, capable of gratifying the curiofity of an antiquarian. In the nave are two beautiful modern monuments, one erected to the memory of Lord Chancellor Bowes, who died in 1767 ; the other to Thomas Prior, Efq; and near the Communion Table is a monument erected to the memory of the late Earl of Kildare, who died in 1743, of thefe three monuments we have given reprefentations and feperate defcriptions. Y St. PA- * According to a MSS. in Marfh's Library it is the tomb of Thomas Earl of Defmond, who was beheaded in Dro°-heda, anno 1464, and brought from thence to Chrift's-church, on Strongbuw's tomb being deftroyed by the fall of the roof in 1562, St. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. W HERE the cathedral of St. Patrick is erected, John Comyn, Archbifhop of Dublin, demolished an old parochial church, which flood in that place, and was faid to have been founded by St. Patrick, and in the room of it erected and endowed the prefent building in the fouth fuburbs of the city, about the year 1190; in which he placed thirteen Prebendaries ; which number was afterwards increafed to twenty- two, of whom three were added by Archbi- ftiop Ferings. Henry de Londres, or the Londoner, Arch- bifhop Comyn' s next fucceflbr, erected this church, which was collegiate in its firfl confti- tution, into a cathedral, and conftituted William Fitz-Guy the firft Dean of it, and appointed a Chantor, Chancellor, and Treafurer, to whom he I- 2 It a ^ St. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL. 83 he allotted lands and rectories, and made them conformable to the rules of the church of Sa- rum ; fo that now the chapter of this church is compofed of twenty fix members, viz. the Dean, Chantor, Chancellor, Treafurer, Arch- deacon of Dublin, Archdeacon of Glandelogh, Prebendaries of Cullen, Kilmatalway, Swords, Yago, St. Audeon, Clonmethan, Tymothan, Caf- tlenock, Malahithart, Tipper, Monmahanock, Howth, Rathmichael, Wicklow, Maynooth, Taf- fagard, Dunlavan, Tipperkevin, Donaghmore in Omayl and Stagonyl. Of which number the Prebend of Cullen is united to the Archbi- moprick, and the revenues of that of Tymo- than were fwallowed up, and became lay fee in the time of Archbifhop Loftus, the title frill continuing. Fulk de Saundford, one the fuccefiors of Archbifhop Londres, is faid to have built St. Mary's chapel in this church, that in the year 1271, he was buried in it, and his flattie fet over his monument ; yet fome think that this chapel was ere&ed long before his days. It is now fet apart for the ufe of the French Pro- teftants, 84 DESCRIPTION OF teftants, under the yearly acknowledgement of twelve pence, who have therein divine fervice according to the ufage of the church of Ire- land. Thomas Minot, Archbifhop of Dublin, re- built part of the cathedral which had been de- ftroyed by an accidental fire ; he alfo built the fteeple about the year 1370, and from thence took occafion to ufe in his feal the device of a Bifhop holding a fteeple in his hand ; and by a legacy bequeathed by Do&or Stearne, Bi- fhop of Clogher, a lofty fpire of ftone was erecled on the fteeple in 1750. Archbifhop Talbot inftitutcd fix petty Canons and as many Chorifters in this church. The monuments here, are more numerous than in the cathedral of Chrift-church, but in- ferior in point of workmanfhip : In the nave is one to the memory of Doctor Smyth, Arch- bifhop of Dublin, of which we have given a representation and feparate defcription ; oppo- fite to it is a neat monument for Dr. Marfh, formerly Archbilhop of this See, who left a nobler St. PATRICK' s-CATHEDRAL. 85 nobler and more ufeful memorial of himfelf than marble, a valuable library ; which, toge- ther with part of his eflate, for the mainte- nance of a librarian, he bequeathed to the public. This library is always open to the ftudious. In the fame nave are three infcriptional flabs of black marble, one to the memory of a faithful fervant of Dean Swift's ; another lately eredled to that of Mrs. Johnfon, the celebrated Stella ; and the third over the Dean, with the following epitaph, written by himfelf, and very exprelUve of that habit of mind, which his own disappointments, and the oppreflions of his coun- try had produced. Hie depofitum eft Corpus Jonathan Swift, S. T. D. Hujus Ecclefis Cathedralis Decani, Ubi fasva lndignatio Ulterius Cor lacerare nequit. Abi Viator Et imitare, fi poteris, Strenuum pro virili Libertatis Vindicatorem. Obiit 19 . Die Menfis Oftobris A. D. 1745. Anno ^Etatis 7 8°. Z Over 86 DESCRIPTION OF, ^. Over the monument was lately placed his buft in marble, fculptured by Cunningham, and ef- teemed a good likenefs ; it is the gift of T. T. Faulkner, Efq; nephew and fucceflbr of the late Alderman George Faulkner, Swift's Bookfeller, and the original publifher of molt of his works. In the Choir are feveral monuments of an older date ; the principal is that of the family of Boyle, Earl of Cork, on which is placed near twenty fi- gures, cut in wood, and erected in the year 1629. In the Chapter-room, is a black flab over the Duke of Schomberg, who fell at the battle of the Boyne, with an infcription by Swift, concluding with a fe- vere ftricture upon his relations, who refufed to raife any fepulchral monument to his name, plus potuit fama virtutis apud alienos quam fanguinis proximitas apud fuos. St. WER- H..-V ,".1.. .•s.~,'^ £-yr y,. 1 fe ■1 St. CATHARINE'S -CHURCH. OT. Catharine's-church is fituated on the fouth fide of Thomas-ftreet ; it was originally built in the year 1105, and rebuilt in its prefent form in the year 1769, according to the defign of Mr. John Smith, who was the Architect to feveral other of our public buildings. The front is built of {tone, in the Doric or- der ; four femi-columns, with their entablature enriched by triglyphs, fupport a noble pedi- ment in the center ; at each fide, the entabla- ture is continued the entire length of the front, and is fupported at each of the extremities by two pilafters ; in the center of the front, be- tween the columns, is a handfome Ionic arched door, with a circular pediment, and in the in- termediate fpace, between the columns and pi- lafters, is a range of large circular headed win- dows, neatly ornamented, and judicioufly propor- tioned ; on the entablature, at each iide of the pediment, is a handfome ftone baluftrade. The B b front 94 DESCRIPTION OF, Be. front extends ninety-two feet, and in general pof- feffes a maflive and correct fimplicity, extremely well calculated for the foundation of a more lofty fuperftru&ure. At the weft end of the church, there is a build- ing connected with it, of rufticated ftone, which at prefent ferves for a belfry; the reprefentation of it is purpofely omitted in the annexed view, as it would only injure the general appearance of the front, and deftroy the agreeable effect, which the uniformity of the reft of the building produces. The interior parts are folid and convenient : Eight Corinthian pilafters rife from the gallery to fup- port the roof, and in the center of the gallery is a handfome organ. The Communion-table is deco- rated by Compofite columns, interfperfed with ftucco ornaments : The reft of the church is em- belliftied in a plain neat ftile. At each fide of the organ is a fmall gallery for the charity children, educated by the parifri, ME- If««c'1V-lgrlj u]p ; C a BTSM ITl [S >'10>: I'MEST, in S' Patricks Cathedral. f'llA&j/iW ciiYtrrJ/jM fc~li-to/'P,o/uimc7:fjj;i'. t wmmw sm& >.iwu B vmm*Mo sKn MEMOIRS O F DOCTOR ARTHUR SMYTH, ARCHBISHOP ofDUBLIN. DOCTOR Arthur Smyth, was the eighth fon of Doctor Thomas Smyth, Bifhop of Limerick, and was born in that City the 19th of February, 1706. He began his ftudies in Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, and finished them in the Univer- fity of Oxford : He firft travelled on account of his ill ftate of health, and afterwards as go- vernor to the Marquis of Harrington, afterwards Duke of Devonfhire. His rife to the higheh 1 eccleftaftical orders was gradual : He was made Dean of Raphoe, in the year 1743, and next year advanced to the Deanery of Derry. In the year 1753, he was confecrated Bifhop of Clonfert and Kilmac- duah ;; 9 6 MEMOIRS OF duah ; Bifhop of Meath in 1765, and Archbi- fhop of Dublin in 1766. He was mild and humane in his temper, of primitive manners, and the utmofl candour, pa- tient under the moft racking pains, which he endured for a long time, 'till he resigned his foul into the hands of his Creator, the 14th of December 1771, in the fixty-fixth year of his age. His Grace married Elizabeth, daughter of Nicholas Bonfoy, of Abbot-Ribton, in the coun- ty of Huntingdon, Efq; who died without if- fue, the 14th of July, 1771, (juft fix months before her hufband) aged fifty-feven. The monument reprefented in the annexed plate, is fituated in the nave of St. Patrick's- cathedral, and was erected to his memory by his furviving brothers, Charles and Edward Smyth. * It * This gentleman died in an advanced age on the 19th of November 1778, univerfally lamented : He was an Honorary Fellow of the College of Phyficians, Dublin : His great abili- ties in his profeffion were only excelled by the eminent virtues of his mind. ARCHBISHOP SMYTH. 97 It is of the Ionic order, and confifts of two columns and four pilafters, with their pe- deftals and entablature, crowned by a circular pediment, which is rilled by a fhield bearing his Grace's arms ; over the top of the pedi- ment is a mitre. In a niche between the co- lumns is an urn of Parian marble, highly en- riched, fupported by a pedeftal, with a bas relief of his head. The whole was deiigned by Mr. John Smyth, and executed by Mr. Van Noft ; the expence amounted to 1 500/. On the pedeftal which fupports the columns is the following in- fcription. H. S. E. Reverendiffimus Arthurus Smyth, S. T. P. Archi-Epifcopus Dubuniensis : Reverendi admodum Thomje Smyth, Epifcopi Limericensis, Filius natu o&avus ; Natus Limerici Die xix. Feb. A. D. mdccvi. Studiis Academicis primum Dublinii, Deinde Oxonii vacavit ; Ubi prseclarum ingenium optimis dilciplinis inftruxit, Omnique liberali doctrina expolivit, Gentes Europse humanitate maxime excultas Primo valetudinis caufa peregravit ; C c Simulquc 9 8 MEMOIRS OF Simulque adfectas corporis vires recepit, Integrum animi robur firmavit : Turn adfcitus in contubernium Illuftriffimi Marcbionis Hartingtonenfis, (Poilea Devoni-E Ducis) Juvenem excellentifiimum, Sua ipfius indole ad omnem virtutem comparatunij Repetita eadeni peregrinatione, Prseceptoris loco comitatus eft ; Quern Virum Patria univerfa, Quern Pro-Regem Hibernia, et dilexit, et admirata eft ; Singulaie fui feculi decus, eheu ! mox immatura morte extinctum. Hoc praecipue Patrono, quod ipfum in magno laude ponendum, Ad fummos in Ecclefia honores gradatim afcendit ; EcclefiEe Rapotenfis Decanus conftitutus, A. D. mdccxliji, Anno infequenti ad Decanatum Derensem promotus, Epifcopus Clonfertensis et Kilmac-duacensis tranflatus, A. D. MDCCLIII. Deinde ad Midensem, A. D. mbcclxv. Poftremo ad Archi-Epifcopatum Dubliniensem eve&us, A. D. MDCCLXVI. Per omnem vita; et honorum decurfum Sui fimilis et temper idem ; Mitis, facilis, humanus, candidus, Moribus fancYiffimis, primiEva integritate> Ipfa fimplicitatej venerabilis. Morbi fupremi acerrimos cruciatus Tranquilitate et eonftantia vere Chriftiana perpefius, Animam placide Deo reddidit Die xiv. Decembris, A. D. mdcclxxi, Uxorem ARCHBISHOP SMYTH. 99 Uxorem duxit feminam le&ifiimam. Elizabetham filiam Nicolai Bonfoy De Abbot-Ribton in Comitatu Huntingtonensi, Armigeri j Quse fine prole obiit Die xiv. Julii, A. D. mdcclxxi. JEtatis fuse lvii, Fratri bene merenti, optimo, cariflimo, Carolus et Edvardus Smyth Ex Teftamento Hseredes P. THE THE EARL of KILDARE's MONUMENT. X S fltuated on the north fide of the Commu- nion-table, in Chrift's-cathedral, and reprefents the relict of the deceafed, with the late Earl, afterwards Duke of Leinfter, and his flfter, mourning over the body of their father; the fi- gures are beautifully fculptured in white mar- ble, by EL Cheere. On the pedeftal is the fol- lowing infcription. To the Memory of Robert Earl of Kildare, The Nineteenth of that Title in Succeflion, And in Rank the firft Earl of Ireland. He married the Lady Marie O'Bryen Eldeft Daughter of William Earl of Inchio^in ; By whom He had Iffue Four Sons, and Eight Daughters : Of which Number, Only James the Prefent Earl, and the Lady Margaretta Survived Him. Together with the Titles, He Inherited the Virtues Of his Noble Anceftors, And Adorned every Station He poffefled. Truth, TW1.M CaBiiA. ITaacTKvlorfcuJp. Earl of K i li j \ r es , Mohume^ t. In the Cathedra] of thrift's Church . PuMSiXd 'axpri&ur rr./it 0fJ , ar£am*7i£Man&Ufflg. EARL of KILDARE's MONUMENT. 101 Truth, Honour and Juftice, Di reeled the Whole Courfe of His Life, The Daily Devotions of His Family, And the Publick Worfhip in the Church, Were by His Regular Attendance Cherifhed and Recommended. Tho' poffeffed of A Great Eftate, He managed it with particular Prudence and (Economy, In order to give a freer Courfe to His Many and Great Charities. He was a difinterefled Lover of His Country, Without any Affectation of Popularity : And was Beloved of all, not becaufe He fought it, But becaufe He Deferved it. He Was A Moft Tender, and Affectionate Hufband, An Indulgent and Prudent Father, A Sincere, and Steady Friend. His Difconfolate Relict In Teftimony of Her Gratitude, and Affection, And the better to Recommend to his Defcendants The Imitation of His Excellent Example, Caufed this Monument to be Erected; He Died the 20th Day of February, A. D. 174.3, m tne 69th Year of His Age. Dd MEMOIRS MEMOIR O F THOMAS PRIOR, Esqj T HOMAS PRIOR was born about the year 1679, at Rathdowney, in the Queen's- county, the eftate of his family fince the mid- dle of that century. He was educated in the University of Dublin, where he took his degree of Mafter of Arts, and was fellow ftudent with Mr. George Berkely, afterwards the eminently good and learned Bifhop of Cloyoe. Mr. Prior being of a weak habit of body, declined enter- ing into any of the learned profeilions, though well qualified to have fhone in them, but en- tirely turned his thoughts and ftudies to pro- mote the real happinefs of his Country. In the year 1729, he publifhed the well-known Lift of the Abfentees from Ireland^ in the clofe of l'.mK'C r.-.lli .l»l. Prior's Mo>' umeht. Iii tlic Cathedral of (Thrifts Church. Hjiat ■Taylor fctilp. THOMAS PRIOR. 103 of which, he earneftly recommended the ufe of linen fcarves at funerals ; Mr. Conolly, Speaker of the Houfe of Commons, dying in the month of October following, his executors gave him a public funeral, and feizing this hint of Mr. Prior's, the numerous attendants thereon ap- peared with linen fcarves of Irifh manufacture'; this effectually eftablifhed that mode of burying; for this fingle article what obligations is not the kingdom under to Mr. Prior. He publifh- ed alfo feveral tracts relative to our coin, linen manufacture, &c. He was the zealous pro- moter, the affectionate father of the Dublin Society, and for a feries of years their inde- fatigable fecretary. Every good and great man his cotemporary, honoured him with their ef- teem and friendmip, particularly Philip, Earl of Chefterfield ; but contented with his own private fortune, the only ufe he made of this friendfhip was to procure from the late King, through the Earl's recommendation, a Char- ter of Incorporation for his darling child the Dublin Society, with a grant of 500/. per ann. for its better fupport. Having fpent his whole life in the practice of every virtue that graces io4 MEMOIRS OF graces humanity, that diftinguiihes the patriot, and fhews the true chriftian, he died, of a gradual decline, in Dublin, Odlober the 2ift, 1 75 1, and was interred in the church of Rath- downey. Over his remains, on a neat monument of Kilkenny marble, ornamented with an urn and hjs family arms, is the following epitaph. 'A Every Manufacture, Sacred 5 Each Branch of Hufbandry, To the Memory Q "Will declare this Truth, of * Every ufeful Inftitution, Thomas Prior, Efq; ft Will lament Who fpent a long Life $ Its Friend and Benefactor. In unwearied endeavours ? He died To promote I Alas ! too foon for The welfare of his § Ireland, Native Country. $ October the 21ft, 175.1,. a Aged 71. The beautiful monument reprefented in the annexed plate, is erected to his memory in the nave of Chrift-church, Dublin ; the infcrip- tion on it came from the elegant pen of Bi- ihop Berkeley, the friend of Mr. Prior, and the friend of Mankind, Memorise THOMAS PRIOR, ioj Memorise Sacrum ThomjE Prior, Virij fi quis unquam alius, dc Patria Optime meriti ; Qui, cum prodefle mallet quam confpici, Nee in fenatum cooptatus, Nee confiliorutn aula; particeps, Nee ullo publico munere infignitus, Rem tamen publicam Mhirice auxit et ornavit Aufpiciis, confiliis, labore indefeflb : Vir innocuus, probus, pius ; Partium ftudiis minime addictus, De re familiari parum folicitus, Cum civium commoda unice fpe&aret. Quicquid vel ad inopije levamen Vel ad vitse elegantiam facit, Quicquid ad defidiam populi vincendam, Aut ad bonas artes excitandas pertinet, Id omne pro virili excoluit, SOCIETATIS DuBLINIENSIS Auctor, Inftitutor, Curator. Quae fecerit Pluribus dicere haud refert, Quorfum narraret marmor Ilia quae omnes norunt ? Ilia qua; civium animis infculpta Nulla dies delebit ? E e Beneath 106 M E M O I R S O F, &c. Beneath his bud Rand two boys, one weep- ing, while the other points to a bas relief re- preienting Minerva leading the arts towards Hi- bernia ; on a fcroll which he holds in his hand, is the following infcription ; This monument was erected to Thomas Prior, Efquire, at the charge of feveral perfons, who contributed to honour the memory of that worthy patriot, to whom his veracity, actions, and un- wearied endeavours in the fervice of his country, have raifed a monument more lafting than marble. Sculptured by J. Van Noft, in 1756. [ M. A. ] M E- .+.W*-uvA aU- " TheM'D^T'MIETS'T of JOMH X, DMIP B OWE S ', intlie Cathedral o£ Chrifi Church. t-/i//A.'//t,/ ,„;;-r,/t>l,/ A S/.-/ ,/ . /"i'/'">,""/ • i/r!>-r/l/.,77{f. MEMOIRS O F JOHN, LORD BOWES, LORD CHANCELLOR of IRELAND. JOHN Bowes was born in England in the year 169 1, where he was bred to the law, and came over to Ireland in the reign of George I. he ferved that monarch, King George II. and his prefent Majefty, upwards of forty years, in the different offices of his profellion, with integrity, and inflexible juflice ; having been King's-Coun- cil, Solicitor-General, Attorney-General, and Chief-Baron of the Exchequer, and on the death of Lord Vifcount Jocelyn, in 1757, he was pro- moted to be Lord High Chancellor. On the flrfl: of Auguft, 1758, he was raifed to the dig- nity of a Baron of Ireland, by the name of Baron Bowes of Clonlyon ; but dying a bat- chelor, the title became extindt. The io8 MEMOIRS O F, &c. The elegant monument reprefented in the an- nexed plate, is erected to his memory, in the nave of the cathedral of Chrift-church ; it is com- pofed of beautiful variegated and ftatuary marble, and reprefents Juftice, large as life, in a penfive attitude, looking at a medallion, with a head of Lord Bowes in bas relief, on which flie leans, weeping : The thought is good, and well- expreffed. The attitude of Juftice is exquisitely fine, and Lord Bowes's head in the medallion, is efteemed a great likenefs. J, Van Noft vras the fculptor : It coft 500/. On a pedeftal that fupports the figures, is the following infcription. Sacred To the Memory Of John Lord Bowes, Late Lord Chancellor of Ireland, Who died in the Seventy-fixth Year of his Age, 22d of July, A. D. 1767. This monument is erected By his Affectionate Brother, Rumsey Bowes, Efq; of Binfield, Berks. L E IN- LEINSTER-HOUSE, 1 HE town refidence of his Grace the Duke of Leinfter is a magnificent modern edifice, built of ftone, much fuperior to any other private building in the city. It was defigned by Mr. CafTels, and is fituated in Kildare-ftreet, at the eaft fide of the city. The entrance to this princely manfion, from Kildare-ftreet, is through a grand gate-way of ftone rufticated, into a large court, which forms a fpacious fegment of a circle, before the principal front, reprefented in the annexed engraving : This front is ornamented by four handfome Co- rinthian columns, with their entablature, which refts on the rufticated part of the firft ftory, and fupports a pediment ; between the pedeftals of the columns are baluftrades : The windows are all or- namented by architraves; and the range of windows in the fecond ftory, at each fide of the columns, and thofe between them, are ornamented by an- F f gular no DESCRIPTION OF gular and circular pediments, placed alternately over each ; above thefe is another range of win- dows, ornamented by architraves. Connected with the front at each fide, are two correfpondent colo- nades in the Doric order. The infide of this beautiful ftructure, is equal to its exterior appearance. The hall is lofty and noble, and the fuite of rooms, with which it com- municates, are decorated in the moft fplendid tafte, with the richeft furniture, and valuable paint- ings ; the cielings, in moft of the apartments, are enriched by ftucco ornaments, and many of them are gilt; at the fouth end, is a fuite of private apart- ments equally convenient and elegant ; the rooms next the garden are chiefly defigned for flate, and command a fine profpecl. The garden front is plain, yet bold, and pof- feffes a pleaiing simplicity ; the garden is fpacious- and elegant, with a noble lawn in the center. De- tached from the houfe, are the out-offices, a range of ftables, and other buildings to a confiderable ex- tent. The LEINSTER-HOUSE. m The prefent pofleflbr, William Robert Duke of Leinfter, has difplayed an elegant tafte in fome considerable alterations lately made at the north end of the houfe. The whole of this ftrudhire is in every ref- pe& magnificent and convenient, and is inferior to few private edifices in any city of Great-Britain. P O W- — *p— — — — — —— — — — — POWERSCOURT-HOUSE. X H I S elegant ftructure is fituated on the eaft fide of William-ftreet, and was erected by Richard, the prefent Lord Vifcount Powerfcourt ; as a private edifice, it may be claffed among the firft in this city ; but unfortunately the fame error of fituation that appears in many of our public build- ings, is ftrikingly confpicuous in this, there being no place from whence it can be feen, except fo im- mediately near the building, that it deftroys the effect, and caufes an heavinefs in it's appearance, that it does not really poffefs. The weft front, reprefented in the annexed engraving, is remarkable for the beauty of the de- fign, and excellence of the workmanfhip, and was built of mountain-ftone, raifed on his Lordmip's eftate. The afcent to the houfe is by a double flight of fteps of a Angular, yet convenient form, that leads to a portico, fupported by four columns of the Doric order. The firft ftory is enriched by * H ? v © N S \ 3 1 N *» n - Jv >8 ^ ?3 £ >s ■■if. N a H e> S 1 N N 5 0s" X s © §* «3 4 w! s & & P O WER SC O U R T - HOUS E. 113 by ruftic-arched windows, and an entablature of the Doric order, which is continued throughout the front, and the two gates connected with it, that appear as wings on each fide ; over the gates are pediments of the fame order. In the center of the fecond ftory is a Venetian window of the Ionic order, and the windows at each fide, are or- namented with pedeftals, architrave, frize, cornice and pediment ; the windows in the attic ftory, are decorated by architrave, &c. in a good tafte : Above this, fupporting a pedeftal work, is a cornice with a pediment in the center, in which is a coro- net and other ornaments. Elevated above the reft pf the front, is a quadrangular building, neatly oramented, that ferves for an obfervatory, and commands a fine profpect of the harbour, and. parts adjacent to Dublin. The apartments are judicioufly distributed, and embellifhed in a fine tafte ; the collection of pic- tures, contains feveral capital pieces, highly worthy of notice. The building was begun in the year 1 77 1, defigned by, and executed under the in- flection of, Mr. Robert Mack, architect. G. g C H A R~ CHARLEMONT-HOUSE. 1 HE Earl of Charlemont's houfe is an equally- convenient and elegant edifice, fituated on an e- minence in the center of Palace-row, exactly fronting the New Gardens, and the rere of the Lying-in-Hofpital. The houfe is a defign of his Lordfhip's, who is not only a munificent pa- tron of the arts, but a considerable proficient in them. The front is built of ftone, and embellifhed with ruftic work, a handfome Ionic door, and the windows enriched with architraves and pediments. On each fide is a circular wing with three niches, crowned with a baluftrade. The interior parts of the houfe are a model of convenience ; the hall cieling is fupported by columns, and the apartments are well difpofed, and decorated by an elegant collection of paint- - ings f - h i ° * rax $ CHARLEMONT-HOUSE. 1 15 ings ; among them is one of the fineft pieces Rembrandt painted ; it reprefents Judas repent- ing, and cafting the filver pieces on the ground : The figures are about a foot in length. In the fame room is a portrait of Caefar Borgia, by- Titian : Here is likewife a picture by Hogarth, from which no engraving has been made ; it reprefents a lady fitting in a defponding sir, and an officer offering her his hat full of money and jewels, which he has juft won of her : Eager defire is expreffed in his coun- tenance, and in her's, repentance and hesita- tion. The library is one of the moft elegant apart- ments in Dublin, and contains a valuable and curious collection of the beft writers on every fubject : At one end of it is an anti-room, with a fine copy of the Venus of Medicis, fculptured on the fpot by Mr. Wilton, and at the other, are two fmall rooms, one a cabinet of pictures and antiquities, the other of medals. It is Situated at the rere of the houfe, and connected with it by a corridore, in which are fome handfome Statues, and Egyptian curiolities. Upon 1 16 DESCRIPTION OF, &c. Upon the whole, this edifice is a well-defign- ed mean, between the vaft piles raifed for magni- ficence, and thofe fmaller ones wherein conveni- ence is alone confidered. As a piece of archi- tecture it is inferior to few, for the juftnefs of its proportions and the convenient difpofition of its apartments. With regard to furniture and decorations, it is finifhed with tafte rather than fplendor, and adorned with that elegance, which refults from Simplicity. T Y- TYRONE-HOUSE, 1HIS edifice is remarkable for being one of the firft private buildings, of ftone, erected in Dublin in modern times. It was built about the year 1740, from the defign of Mr. Caffels, and was efteemed the moft elegant private ftruc- ture at that time in the city ; later improvements have however confiderably leffened its importance in the clafs of our buildings. Nothing very extraordinary appears either in the outfide, or in the interior parts of this build- ing : The front, reprefented in the annexed en- graving, is ornamented with a Doric frontifpiece and arched door, over which, in the attic ftory, is a Venetian window in the Ionic order; at each fide of thofe and above it, is a regular range of windows, ornamented with architraves. The inte- rior decorations poffefs all the elegance and fplen- dor of their days ; there are many grand and com- pleat apartments, particularly in the rere, finifh- Hh ed n8 DESCRIPTION OF, &c. cd with mahogany, in the old heavy flile, the workmanfhip of which is remarkably good ; of the fame materials is the great flair cafe, and equally well finifhed ; the oak perkenten floors in the hall flory are curious, being laid out in dia- monds from eighteen to twenty inches fquare. The out-offices are very convenient, and the court before the houfe is fpacious and handfome. The fituation of this ftrudlure is low, which, together with being enclofed from the ftreet by a high walk prevents its being any great ornament to the city. FINIS.