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THE 
 
 HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 THE ABBEY, AND CATHEDRAL CHURCH 
 
 OF 
 
 BRISTOL; 
 
 ILLUSTRATED BY 
 
 A SERIES OF ENGRAVINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 VIEWS, ELEVATIONS, PLANS, AND DETAILS OF THAT EDIFICE; 
 
 WITH 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL ANECDOTES OF EMINENT PERSONS 
 
 CONNECTED WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT. 
 
 BY JOHN BRITTON, F.S.A. 
 
 ETC. 
 
 Bartlett, Del. MONUMENT FOR ABBOT KNOW LL. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 M. A. NATTALI, 19, SOUTHAMPTON-STREET, COVENT-GARDEN. 
 
 1836. 
 
MARCH ANT, PRINTER, iNG RAM-COURT, FEN CHURCH-STREET. 
 
TO 
 
 GEORGE WEARE BRAIK EN RIDGE, ESQ. 
 
 F.S.A. and F.G.S. 
 OF BROOMWELL HOUSE, BRISLINGTON, NEAR BRISTOL. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR, 
 
 You have more than common claims on my private esteem and 
 public respect. Many years have passed away since we first 
 became acquainted, and whilst I have been actively engaged in 
 the execution of Topographical and Antiquarian Publications, 
 you have enjoyed the " otium cum dignitate" of rural ease, and 
 have found much rational gratification in making extensive and 
 valuable collections elucidatory of the History and Antiquities 
 of your neighbouring City. Bristol is a place of peculiar interest 
 to the Topographer and provincial Historian, and the materials 
 you have amassed will be eminently useful to him who may 
 hereafter undertake to give a complete history of it to the world. 
 Having been zealously and assiduously occupied in this class of 
 literature for more than thirty years, and feeling a still increasing 
 partiality for the study and pursuit, I cordially sympathize with, 
 and almost envy, those who, like yourself, have the means of 
 
IV 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 indulging freely and fully in it as an amusement. It is replete 
 with novelty, variety, and engaging attractions ; all conducive 
 to rational employment, to local and general information, and to 
 that mental relaxation and exercise which impart both pleasure 
 and improvement. Your library and habits are evidences of this 
 assertion : and under these considerations I feel a particular 
 pleasure in addressing this Volume to one so well disposed to 
 patronize works illustrative of the history and antiquities of 
 Bristol, and so well qualified to appreciate their real and com- 
 parative value. 
 
 With best wishes for your health, and hopes we may both 
 live to see that city and port increase in prosperity and varied 
 improvements, I also trust that art, science, and literature, may 
 have warm and efficient friends in the more wealthy part of its 
 citizens, whilst commerce, trade, and industry, may be promoted 
 and rewarded amongst all the other classes of the community. 
 
 Believe me your sincere 
 
 and obliged friend, 
 
 London — January, 1830. 
 
 J. BRITTON. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 A Preface is at once an introduction to a book and the farewell of its author. 
 After much care, labour, and anxiety, in preparing his work for publication, 
 and after putting the last touches to it, as the painters say, for public inspection, 
 he wishes to propitiate the critic by explaining certain points or opinions which 
 he imagines that such a reader may not immediately descry. In proportion to 
 his desire of pleasing will be his exertions to effect it. On various accounts 
 the present volume requires a preface ; and, with all the brevity possible, the 
 Author will state his case, and take his leave. 
 
 Bristol has peculiar claims on his feelings, both from early associations and 
 from gratitude. Though not his natal home, he considers his paternal ancestors 
 as connected with the city and its immediate vicinity. In boyish days he 
 heard much of the merchants and tradesmen, and of some peculiar privileges 
 enjoyed by the freemen of Bristol. One of his uncles resided many years in 
 that city, and sailed from its port to the island of Jamaica, where he settled, 
 amassed property, and died a bachelor. Plantations, sugar, and slaves, were 
 talked of as his inheritance ; but his elder brother, the Authors father, was 
 irresolute, inactive, and made no exertions to obtain his rights, or even to 
 ascertain them. They were, however, themes of frequent speculation at the 
 family fire-side ; but no effort was ever made to take possession of this West 
 Indian property. At Corston, near Bristol, the Author's grandfather resided 
 for many years on his own estate, which, it is said, ought to have descended, 
 legally, to the Author of this Volume : but the lamentable and distressing 
 derangement of family affairs, his own privations, and want of influence or 
 knowledge in early life, precluded him from making any efforts to reclaim his 
 lost rights, or obtain his hereditary lands. It has been his destiny " to labour 
 to get his own living," by exerting the faculties with which nature has endowed 
 him ; and by these he hopes to enroll the name of Britton amongst the 
 worthies of his county and country, although he may fail to emblazon it in 
 letters of gold. Black letter pursuits have rarely led to riches, whereas the 
 counter and the counting-house have frequently, by diligence and prudence, 
 conducted to the Temple of Fortune. The uncle of the Author was an 
 instance ; Harding, the founder of Saint Augustine's Monastery, Cannyng, 
 Cabott, Colston, and Whitson, were more distinguished examples. Had the 
 Author of this Volume been apprenticed in Bristol forty-five years ago, as 
 recommended about that time, he is persuaded that he would have been 
 enabled by the same assiduty and zeal which he has exerted in literature to 
 
vi 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 have obtained a seat in the corporation of that respectable city. — He must, 
 however, restrain these pleasingly speculative reveries. 
 
 In pursuing the Histories of the several Cathedrals, 1 which have successively 
 come under the investigation and review of the Author since the year 1814, he 
 has travelled many thousands of miles, and expended several thousands of 
 pounds. He has likewise had extensive intercourse with public men, and 
 made much research into the history of former generations ; has had occasion to 
 examine and analyze the opinions and practices of Catholics and of Protestants, — 
 of men of learning, erudition, and science, and of those who had neither. He 
 has met with some persons who have benefited their fellows whilst living and 
 bequeathed advantages to them after death, and has likewise contemplated the 
 principles and conduct of others, who, by inculcating false doctrines of religion 
 or policy, have inflicted misery on those subject to their influence, and have 
 left names branded with obloquy and contempt. Impartial history is the true 
 mirror to shew the virtues and vices of man. Such are the contrasted charac- 
 teristics and posthumous distinctions of men who have obtained public notice. 
 
 The History of the Catholic Ages presents nearly an uniform series of 
 events, of ceremonies, and pursuits, mostly dependant on, or instrumental to the 
 attainment of power by increasing superstition; whereas, in the succeeding 
 times, under the Protestant dynasties, mental improvement has continued to 
 make regular but slow progresses to the beginning of the present century. 
 Since that epoch the " March of Intellect," as it is now termed, has been 
 rapid and unwearied, and Bristol has contributed to its progess. Its 
 merchants, literati, and men of science, have by their talent and influence 
 co-operated to produce a considerable change in the manners and character 
 of the whole population of that city. At no remote period the Bristolians were 
 stigmatized as mercenary and illiterate : but the impartial inquirer will find a 
 very different character pervade the present inhabitants. This has arisen from 
 a combination of causes, which, springing up in the metropolis, spread their 
 influence to this city and to the more remote towns of Liverpool, Manchester, 
 Leeds, Plymouth, and other parts. A laudable spirit of rivalry was excited, 
 and still subsists, between the commercial ports of Bristol and Liverpool ; and 
 though the younger untrammelled town may surpass the veteran in some 
 acquirements, we shall find that in history, in antiquities, and in the towering- 
 fame of some of its sons, the elder must ever be pre-eminent. It will neither 
 be difficult, nor irrelevant in this place, to point out the leading causes of this 
 advance in intellectual ability ; for whenever the sources of prosperity or 
 adversity are known, it is reasonable to presume that the one will be encouraged 
 
 1 A list of these, and of other works, will be found at the end of this volume. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 vi 
 
 and pursued, whilst the other will be avoided. The collision and dissemination 
 of opinion and knowledge, through the medium of four weekly News-papers, 1 — 
 the incalculable benefits produced by " the Bristol Institution," and its " Literary 
 and Philosophical Society," — the sentiments proclaimed at its public meetings, — 
 the liberal spirit which animates both its clergy and its corporate members, — 
 the encouragement given to art and literature ; — and last, in this pleasing cata- 
 logue, the concentration of news and general information in its Commercial 
 Rooms, are at once the guardians of liberty, liberality, and public good. It 
 is an admitted and much regretted fact, that the dignitaries of the Cathedral 
 establishments keep themselves too much estranged from the laity of their 
 respective cities. In Bristol we find an honourable exception, which it is the 
 duty of the historian to record. The present learned and respected Bishop and 
 Dean not only spend much of their time and money among the citizens, but 
 take an active interest in such public objects and proceedings as are calculated 
 to improve the moral and temporal welfare of the people. 
 
 In the annals of Topographical Literature, there is perhaps no instance of 
 civic liberality and patronage to compare with that evinced by the Corporation 
 of this City, in its subscription of two hundred guineas towards publishing 
 the Rev. S. Seyer's " Memoirs of Bristol." It is doubly honourable ; for it 
 honours the giver and the receiver. In noticing these " Memoirs" the writer 
 of the present volume cannot help expressing sincere regret that the venerable 
 and learned historian of the city should ever have experienced the least jealousy 
 of a brother topographer and antiquary, whose routine of literary engagements 
 led him to investigate and publish the history of the Cathedral of that City ; for 
 however diligent and discriminating may be his endeavours to elucidate the 
 arcana of its annals, there will be ample scope for the local historian either to 
 adduce new materials, or give novel views and more vivid inferences from those 
 already published. Talent and judgment stamp their full value on every new 
 coinage. 
 
 1 These are " Felix Farley's BristolJournal ;" " The Bristol Mercury ;" " The Bristol Mirror ," 
 and " The Bristol Gazette." Of these periodicals the author has had the longest acquaintance 
 with the first, and with Mr. J. M. Gutch, who has been its loyal and public spirited editor for the 
 last twenty-five years. For the journal above alluded to, Mr. Gutch wrote a series of letters under 
 the cognomen of " Cosmo," which it is believed has produced a powerful impression on the 
 minds of his fellow citizens, and led to many improvements in the port and in other parts of the 
 city. The public press may be considered a sort of mental steam-engine, to move and control a vast 
 weight of indolence and obstinacy, which ten thousand tongues, however variously employed, could 
 not otherwise effect. 
 
 Among other great works now proposed and liberally encouraged at Bristol, are a Rail Road 
 between that city and Bath ; a College for public education ; and a Bridge high above the Avon, 
 at Clifton. The latter work, if successfully executed in stone, from an appropriate design, will rank 
 among the " wonders of the west," and be at once an ornament and honour to the city. 
 
viii 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 The list of eminent natives and denizens of Bristol is adorned with names 
 which confer merited distinction and fame on their homes and on the country. 
 Besides the merchants already named we find the following persons are either 
 natives of the city or intimately connected with its annals. Sir William 
 Penn : — Sir Michael Foster: — Sir William Draper: — Sir Thomas 
 Lawrence : — Sir Francis Freeling, Bt. : — Archbishop Matthews : — 
 The Very Rev. Dean Tucker: — The Rev. Dr. Randolph : — The Rev. 
 S. Seyer : — The Rev. J. Dallaway : — The Rev. J. Eagles : — The Rev. 
 J. Eden:— The Rev. R. Hall:— The Rev. J. Foster :— The Rev. Dr. 
 Carpenter : — Dr. Beddoes: — Dr. Nott : — Dr. Stock : — Dr. Prichard : 
 Dr. E. L. Fox :— Mary Robinson : — Mrs. H. More : — Mary A. Schim- 
 melpenninch: — John Trenchard: — John Lewis: — Thomas Chatter- 
 ton : — William Barrett : — Thomas Eagles : — Joseph Cottle :— 
 Robert Southey, LL.D. : — Captain Henry Kater : — C. Jos. Harford : 
 — Edward Bird, R.A. : — E. H. Baily, R.A. : — Samuel Westley : — 
 N. Pocock : — T. E. Bowdich : — Charles A. Elton : — Geo. Cumberland. 
 
 However the Author may have had reason to complain of the supercilious 
 conduct of certain officers in two Cathedrals, he has experienced a very different 
 treatment from those at Bristol. Here the worthy and learned Dean and all his 
 associates have been kind and friendly ; eager to promote inquiry, and to afford 
 every facility and accommodation to the Author and his Artists. Hence every 
 thing connected with the present volume has been of a pleasing and cheering 
 nature ; and whilst he may fairly anticipate some reward for his labours, he 
 feels conscious that he has earnestly endeavoured to deserve it. In the present 
 volume he has far exceeded his promises and engagements to subscribers, by 
 giving one engraving on copper and two on wood, besides above thirty pages 
 of letter-press, beyond his original stipulations and calculation. 
 
 It is with feelings of gratitude and pleasure he offers his best acknowledgment 
 to the following gentlemen for co-operation and aid in the execution of this 
 volume. To the very Reverend the Dean he is peculiarly indebted for the 
 communication of much original information : — to G. We are Braikenridge, 
 Esq. ; T. Garrard, Esq. Chamberlain ; E. Dalton, Esq. ; J. M. Gutch, Esq. ; 
 the Rev. W. H. Turner; the Rev. Joseph Cross ; J. Peace, G. Holmes, 
 J. Norton, W. Tyson, and R. H. Trickey, he also offers very sincere thanks. 
 
 To the Committee of the Literary and Philosophical Society he is indebted 
 for the flattering distinction of being enrolled amongst its honorary members. 
 Such compliments are rewards for past exertions in the cause of literature and 
 antiquity, and stimuli to further efforts. 
 
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 CHAP. I. 
 
 HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE FOUNDATION, ESTABLISHMENT, AND DISSO- 
 LUTION OF THE ABBEY OF ST. AUGUSTINE, AT BRISTOL; INCLUDING 
 BRIEF NOTICES OF ITS ABBOTS. 
 
 Unlike most of the Ecclesiastical Foundations, the histories of which have 
 been investigated and recorded in previous volumes of " The Cathedral 
 Antiquities," the See of Bristol is comparatively of modern origin. As a 
 Cathedral, indeed, its date and history can be fully traced, it having been 
 raised upon the wreck of one of those religious houses which the rapacious 
 Henry the Eighth dissolved, for the conjoined purposes of augmenting the 
 revenues of the crown, and of subjugating the overgrown and misused 
 powers of the Romish Church. The seat of this diocess was originally a 
 Monastery, dedicated to Saint Augustine, which, though under a new 
 appropriation, may be said to have survived the evils that, in the reign of 
 the above monarch, were so generally inflicted on conventual institutions. 
 Instead of being wholly dismembered, and having its property lavished on 
 court favourites, an Episcopal Establishment was founded on its basis : in 
 the place of an Abbot, there was a Bishop appointed ; and instead of a 
 Prior, Monks, and Novices, a Dean, Prebendaries, Canons, and other 
 officers were substituted and nominated. A new code of ecclesiastical 
 laws or ordinances was framed, and the collective body wa$ provided with 
 
 B 
 
2 
 
 saint augustine's monastery. 
 
 incomes from confiscated estates, adequate to their wants, and to the 
 circumstances of society in which they lived. 
 
 To /render the History of the present See and Church satisfactory, it 
 will be expedient to shew by clear and authentic evidence when and by 
 whom the prior establishment and church of Saint Augustine were first 
 commenced ; how and by what means they grew up to maturity, and what 
 those characteristics and events were which peculiarly and indigenously 
 belonged to the Augustine Convent at Bristol, as contra-distinguished from 
 the many other monastic communities in England. This inquiry and disqui- 
 sition will inevitably lead to many facts and personages intimately connected 
 with the commercial port of Bristol, and will, it is hoped, demonstrate to 
 every one the utility and the interest which result from a careful review of the 
 records of former ages. Such a review, indeed, is the retrospective telescope 
 that brings to the mind's eye, man as he was, and his works, as they were 
 successively produced, to court the gaze and admiration of succeeding gene- 
 rations. In the revolutions of a few hundreds of years, what myriads of the 
 human race, with faculties of rare and brilliant order, have " strutted and 
 fretted" on the stage of life, and " are seen no more ;" what numbers of 
 ingenious and exquisite works have they produced, which, with themselves, 
 are mingled with the dust ; and but for the labours of the Historian and the 
 Antiquary would be unknown and valueless. 
 
 Founded at a time when miracles and the canonization of Saints were of 
 rare occurrence, and soon after which, the barons and " men of estate," to 
 whom the ecclesiastics more immediately looked for protection and the 
 increase of their revenues, were prevented by the Magna Carta and subse- 
 quent Statute of mortmain 1 from conferring on them landed property, the 
 Monastery of Saint Augustine did not contain within its hallowed precinct 
 any consecrated shrine to seduce pilgrims to make votive offerings, nor 
 had it sufficient influence to obtain for its Abbot the envied gift of the 
 
 1 This statute was passed in the seventh year of the reign of King Edward the First, and 
 was intended to prevent laymen from conferring lands on ecclesiastical bodies to the detriment 
 of the king or of lords paramount, who would thereby lose the feudal services to which they 
 were entitled. 
 
ORIGIN, ETC. 
 
 OF ROBERT FITZ-H A RDING. 
 
 3 
 
 mitre, whereby he would become entitled to a seat in the great councils 
 of the realm. 
 
 Although it is clearly ascertained when, and by whom, the Abbey of 
 Saint Augustine was commenced, the genealogy and history of its founder, 
 Robert Fitz- Harding, are involved in so much uncertainty, that, amid the 
 conflicting statements of different writers, it is difficult to form a correct 
 opinion upon the subject. He is supposed to have been a descendant of a 
 princely line of Denmark, and was the progenitor of the noble house of 
 Berkeley, — a family so distinguished for their liberality towards this and 
 other monasteries, that, out of their immense possessions, they had but one 
 rectory to which they could present a secular chaplain. 2 
 
 A manuscript in Berkeley Castle, the last portion of which was written 
 in the year 1351, probably by Trevisa, vicar of Berkeley, states that Fitz- 
 Harding, the founder of Saint Augustine's Abbey, was " ex regia prosapia 
 Regum Dacice." Other authors assert that he was the so?!, the second son, 
 or the youngest son of a King of Denmark, nearly or actually contemporary 
 with William the Conqueror. Trevisa's words however throw back the 
 reported connection to an indefinite distance ; prosapia does not apply to 
 pater, avus, or proavus ; and the subsequent versions of the story not only 
 differ essentially from his relation, and one another, but from all Danish and 
 Anglo-Saxon authorities of veracity. 
 
 Neither do they support a conjecture that he might have been the son 
 of a nominal king, for that title had long before his time ceased to be 
 given to any but territorial sovereigns, having, or pretending to possess, 
 independent authority. Rollo, Hastings, and other great chieftains of the 
 North, who conducted the barbarous hordes which over-ran the more 
 southern countries of Europe, even after acquiring extensive though nomi- 
 nally subordinate territorial dominion, never adopted the title of King; nor 
 does it appear to have been vaguely given or assumed at any time posterior 
 to the beginning of the eleventh century. 
 
 2 Fuller's Church History, lib. vi. p. 326. — In allusion to their extensive ecclesiastical patronage, 
 the Berkeleys assumed for their crest an abbatial mitre. 
 
 B 2 
 
4 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 A near descent from a Danish king is the less probable, because 
 Harding was not a military person, nor indeed can he be identified as a 
 man of any consequence or authority, even in Bristol, until after the 
 Norman Conquest. Sawin, of Clifton, was praepositus of the town, at the 
 time of that event ; after which it was held in farm by Geoffry, the military 
 Bishop of Constance, united with one hundred and twelve acres of the 
 adjacent manor of Bedminster, and with numerous and great estates in the 
 neighbourhood, some of which became afterwards the property of Robert 
 Fitz-Harding. 
 
 Whatever was his origin, Harding seems to have been employed either 
 by the bishop, or by his nephew Roger de Mowbray, and then or not long 
 after to have been under one of them, propositus of Bristol, as Sawin had 
 previously been. Mowbray succeeded to his uncle's estates, which he 
 afterwards forfeited, as many other Anglo-Normans did, by the unsuc- 
 cessful attempt made to raise Robert, Duke of Normandy, to the throne of 
 England, in opposition to William Rufus, who was supported by a very 
 great majority of the native English population. Harding certainly adhered 
 to the English party, and in the course of events acquired riches and estates 
 which, with his civil office of provost of Bristol, devolved on his son, Robert, 
 the founder of the Monastery of Saint Augustine. 
 
 The latter is supposed to have increased his riches by personal exertions, 
 by which means he was enabled to render to Prince Henry, afterwards King 
 Henry the Second, much assistance in the recovery of his crown from the 
 usurper, Stephen. This generosity on the part of Fitz-Harding was grate- 
 fully rewarded, and was productive of the most beneficial results to the 
 donor, and to the Abbey which he afterwards founded. 
 
 Advanced in years, and probably unable to take an active part in the 
 Crusade, with which the popular attention was then occupied, Fitz-Harding 
 determined to erect a church, " in Iwnorem Dei, et pro salute animce sua?" 
 
 Having purchased from the Earl of Gloucester the manor of Billeswick, 
 without the walls of the town of Bristol, he fixed upon a plot of ground 
 which is reported to have covered the remains of Saint Jordan, one of the 
 
ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION. 
 
 5 
 
 disciples of Saint Augustine, 3 and commenced, about the year 1142, the 
 foundation of that house which his descendants protected with their powerful 
 influence, enriched by their liberal donations, and honoured by making it 
 their place of sepulture. 
 
 Barrett and other authors, without quoting any authority, place the date 
 of the foundation in the year 1140 ; but Smyth 4 says, " Robert Fitz-Harding 
 began the Abbey when King Henry the Second was only nine years old.'' 
 That prince was born in 1133 ; assuming, therefore, that Mr. Smyth's sources 
 of information were authentic, the correct date would be, as already stated, 
 1142. 
 
 The earliest writer who alludes to the establishment of the Abbey is the 
 rhyming chronicler, Robert of Gloucester, in whose words, — 
 
 " A bourgeis at Bristowe, Roberd Harding, 
 
 For gret tresour and richesse, so wel was wid the King, 
 
 That he yef (gave) him & is eirs the noble baronie, 
 
 That so riche is, of Berkele, wid al the seignorie. 
 
 And th'ulke (that) Roberd Harding arerde (built) suthe ywis 
 
 The Abbeye at Bristowe, that of Seint Austin is." 5 
 
 Robert Ricart, in a chronicle of Bristol, says, " Now to speak of the 
 foundation of th' abbey of Seynt Austyn's, of Bristowe, beginning first at 
 Harding, son unto the King of Denmark, which dwelled in Bristowe in 
 
 3 Leland, speaking of the Monastery of Saint Augustine, says, " Ibique in magna area sacellum 
 in quo sepultus est S. Jordanus, unus ex discipulis Augustini Anglorum Apostoli." Itinerary, vol. v. 
 fol. 64. — The ancient tradition is, that the Abbey was built on the spot where stood Saint Augustine's 
 oak. The Chapel of St. Jordan was at a distance from the Abbey, in the College Green ; and 
 although its exact site cannot now be ascertained, it appears to have been standing so late as the 
 year 1491-2; when the sacrist of the Abbey accounted for twenty-two pence received as oblations 
 from the box of St. Clement, adjacent to the Chapel of St. Jordan, in the Green Place. — Rot. 
 penes Decanum et Capit, Bristol. 
 
 4 Lives of the Berkeley Family, edited by Fosbroke, p. 71. 
 
 5 Robert of Gloucester's Chronicle, ed. Hearneii, vol. ii. p. 479. — By the lines above quoted, it 
 might be supposed, that the lordship of Berkeley was conferred on Robert Fitz-Harding previous to 
 the commencement of Saint Augustine's Abbey, whereas the grant was not made until ten years 
 afterwards. 
 
6 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 Baldewynne Street : and he had to his son the Lord Robert Hardyng, Lord of 
 Berkeley, and founder of the Abbey of Seynt Austyns." 6 
 
 If the year 1142 be admitted as the date of the foundation of the Abbey, 
 the works were far advanced in six years, for according to Leland, " A° 1148, 
 3. Idus Apr. die videlt Paschae, fundatio Monaster. S. Augustini Bristoll, et 
 congregatio fratrum ejusdem per Dnm Robertum filium Hardingi j" 7 or, as he 
 elsewhere expresses it, " Robert Harding (citizen of Bristol) Lord Berkeley, 
 was first founder of the Abbey of Saint Augustine at Bristol, for Canons of 
 the Augustine Order, A . 1148." 8 
 
 Leland, by the term "fundatio" cannot mean the commencement of the 
 building, because in the very same sentence he speaks of the " congregatio 
 fratrum.'''' We must therefore infer that in the year 1 148 the monastic edifices, 
 including the church, were far advanced, if not completed. This agrees 
 with the statement of Abbot Newland, from whose Register we learn, that in 
 the year last mentioned, the Abbey was consecrated and dedicated by the 
 Bishops of Worcester, Exeter, Landaff, and St. Asaph. At, or about the 
 same time, six Canons of the Monastery of Wigmore were inducted to the 
 new Church ; and Richard, one of the number, was appointed Abbot. 9 It 
 has been stated, that amongst other illustrious persons present at the consecra- 
 tion, was the young Prince, Henry ; 10 but this must be a mistake ; for although 
 it is well ascertained that he was receiving his education at Bristol whilst the 
 buildings were in progress, 11 it is equally certain, that in the year 1148 he 
 was with his uncle, Geoffry, in Anjou. 12 
 
 Although this prince was not present at the consecration of the new 
 
 6 Ricart's MS. Kalendar, fol. 27, b. — " Robert fitz Harding was born in Bristol towards the end 
 of William the Conqueror's reign, bred up in that Town with Harding, his father, to whose estate 
 he succeeded, and removed from Baldwin Street to a great stone house which he built upon the 
 Frome." — Smyth's Lives of the Berkeley Family, p. 23. 
 
 " Itinerary, 2d edit. vol. vi. p. 49. 8 Collectanea, vol. i. p. 85. 
 
 9 Abbot Newland's Roll, preserved in Berkeley Castle. 
 
 10 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 249. 
 
 11 Chron. Gervasij in decern Scriptores, edit, per Twisden, col. 1358. 
 
 l - Sandford's Genealogical History of the Kings of England, by Stebbing, p. 60. 
 
ABBOTS RICHARD AND PHILIP. A. D. 1148-1196. 
 
 ? 
 
 Church, it is evident that he rendered assistance towards its erection ; for 
 Fitz-Harding, in the Charter of endowment, grants to the Canons of Saint 
 Augustine's, " quorum per auxilium Domini mei Regis Ecclesiam fundavi ;" 
 and Henry himself, in a confirmatory Charter, previously to his accession to 
 the throne, speaks of the Church of Saint Augustine, " quam initio juventutis 
 mea beneficiis et protect ione cepi juvare et fovere." 13 
 
 When, after a protracted struggle with King Stephen, the crown of 
 England was placed upon the head of the young Henry, that monarch in 
 gratitude for the services rendered to himself and to his mother, the Empress 
 Maud, by Fitz-Harding, conferred upon him the forfeited estates of Berkeley, 
 whereby he was enabled to provide a more liberal emdowment for the newly 
 founded Abbey, 14 in which, after an interval of a few years, he became a 
 Canon, and there died. 15 
 
 Richard, the first Abbot, watched over the interest of his house with 
 such jealous care, that he has been accused of ingratitude towards his patron, 
 the first Maurice, Lord Berkeley. That nobleman having occasion to widen 
 the moat round his castle, of Berkeley, trespassed a few feet on the church- 
 yard, which, by the grant of Robert Fitz-Harding, had been conferred 
 on the Abbey of Saint Augustine. Indignant at this infringement of the 
 ecclesiastical rights, the Abbot, in the language of Fuller, " so prosecuted 
 him with church censures, that he made him in a manner cast the dirt of the 
 ditch into his own face :" and not only compelled him to make a public con- 
 fession of his fault, but to bestow on the Abbey a portion of land, " pro 
 emendatione culpse suae." 16 After Abbot Richard's death, in 1186, the 
 abbatial staff was conferred on 
 
 Philip, who increased the monastic revenues and obtained from the Earl 
 of Moreton, afterwards King John, a confirmation of all the grants previously 
 made to the Monastery, with many additional liberties and privileges. 17 On 
 his removal to the Abbey of Bellaland, or Byland, in the county of York, 
 in 1196, 
 
 13 Dugdale's Monasticon Anglicanum, edit. 1661, vol. ii. p. 233. 14 Ibid. 
 
 15 Leland's Itinerary, 2d edit. vol. vi. p. 43. 16 Fuller's Church Hist. lib. vi. p. 327. 
 
 l 7 Monasticon Anglicanum, ut supra. 
 
s 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 John, was appointed to succeed him. This was probably the monk of 
 Bristol, who according to Bale wrote a history of his own time. Chatterton 
 seems to have adopted the idea, " that he was a learned man," and has 
 appended his name to one of his own poems " on the mynster." 18 Dying in 
 1215, he was succeeded by 
 
 John, or Joseph, who died, according to some authors, six weeks, and 
 according to others, thirty-one weeks, after his election ; when 
 
 David was appointed to the Abbatial Chair. Shortly after his election 
 Swalo, the papal legate, held a council at Bristol, wherein he received, on 
 behalf of King Henry the Third, the fealty of such prelates and nobles who 
 were present, and pronounced sentence of excommunication against those who 
 were opposed to him. 19 This council was probably held within the walls of 
 the Abbey ; and there is little doubt that the conventual buildings afforded 
 accommodation for many of the ecclesiastics who were assembled. In 1218, 
 
 18 This poem, doubtless by the young and not the old poet, is transcribed from Chatterton's 
 Works, vol. ii. p. 115. 
 
 " With daitive steppe Religyon dyghte in greie, 
 
 Her face of doleful hue, 
 Swyfte as a takel (arrow) thro'we bright heav'n tooke her waie, 
 And ofte and ere anon dyd saie, 
 Aie ! me ! what shall I doe ; 
 See Brystoe citie, whyche I nowe doe kenne, 
 
 Arysynge to mie view, 
 Thycke throng'd wythe soldyers and wythe traffyck-menne ; 
 
 Butte saynctes I seen few. 
 Fytz-Hardynge rose !— he rose lyke bryghte sonne in the morne, — 
 Faire dame adryne thein eyne, 
 Let alle thie greefe bee myne, 
 For I wylle rere thee uppe a Mynster hie ; 
 The toppe whereof shall reech ynto the skie ; 
 Ande wyll a Monke be shorne : — 
 Thenne dyd the dame replie, — 
 I shall ne be forelourne, 
 Here wyll I take a cherysaunied reste, 
 And spend mie daies upon Fytz-Hardynges breste." 
 *9 Wilkins' Concilia Magnse Britannia?, vol. i. p. 547. 
 
ABBOTS BRADEST AN AND LONG. — A. D. 1234-1264. 
 
 9 
 
 Abbot David was present at the dedication of the Cathedral Church of 
 Worcester, 20 and in the following year, performed the funeral obsequies of 
 Robert, Lord Berkeley, by whose munificence the possessions of the house 
 had been much enlarged. 21 Upon his resignation of office, in 1234, 
 
 William de Bradestan, the Prior of the house, and a native of Win- 
 terbourne, in Gloucestershire, succeeded. He received the benediction at 
 Worcester, and according to the annals of that city, " compounded with 
 the sacrist for his alb and cope, and gave to the convent 40s." 22 In 1234, 
 the Mayor and Commonalty of Bristol purchased from the Convent, for nine 
 marks of silver, sufficient land in Saint Augustine's Marsh for making a new 
 quay, or trench ; 23 and in the following year, the Abbot and brethren com- 
 menced the Church of Saint Augustine the Less, for the accommodation of 
 persons dwelling within the precinct of the Abbey, whose communication 
 with the town was about to be interrupted by the new trench. 24 Two years 
 afterwards, the Abbey was visited by Walter de Cantilupe, Bishop of 
 Worcester, when, owing to the lax state of discipline amongst the members 
 of the house, it was found necessary to remove the prior and some other 
 officers. Abbot Bradestan- also appears to have been remiss in the execution 
 of his duty, for he tendered his resignation at the same time ; 25 and 
 
 William Long, " the Chamberlain of Keynesham," was appointed in 
 his stead. He also received the benediction at Worcester, and made the 
 customary donation to the convent of that city. 26 During his abbacy there 
 arose a dispute between the Canons of St. Augustine's and the brethren 
 of Saint Mark's Hospital, respecting the right of burial in College-Green, 
 and other privileges, which the former claimed as exclusively their own. 
 The Bishop of Worcester decided that the brethren should inter their 
 dead there, on condition of keeping the ground level, " on account of the 
 pleasantness of the place ; that neither party should have common of pasture 
 
 20 Annales Wigorniae in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 484. 
 
 21 Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 352. 22 Wharton's Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 489. 
 23 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 61, from original deed. 
 
 -* Evans's Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol, p. 59. 
 
 25 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 261, ex Reg. Cantilupi Epis. Wigorn. 
 
 26 Annales Wigorniae in Wharton's Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 491. 
 
 C 
 
10 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 there ; but that the Abbot might mow the same, and strew the grass in his 
 churches of Saint Augustine the Greater and the Less." 27 Abbot Long died 
 in 1264, and was succeeded by 
 
 Richard de Malmesbury, who presided over the Abbey about twelve 
 years, and dying in 1276, was succeeded by 
 
 John de Marina, under whose mis-government the house became so much 
 disordered both in spiritual and temporal matters, that at the visitation of 
 the Bishop of Worcester, in 1278, it is stated to have been " damnabiliter 
 prolapsam." It was therefore ordained that for the future the Canons 
 should not, " as bees, fly out of the choir as soon as service was ended, 
 as vagrants and vagabonds, but devoutly wait as became holy and settled 
 persons." The Abbot not being sufficiently learned to propound the 
 word of God in common, other persons were appointed to perform his 
 duties. Ordinances were made for the punishment of offenders, for the 
 regulation of the refectory and infirmary, and the episcopal malediction was 
 pronounced against such as should feign themselves sick, thereby " to live 
 a dissolute life" and fraudulently to despise God's worship. No secular 
 persons were to be permitted to enter the infirmary, except the physician 
 and servants ; nor were the brethren, who were in good health, to congre- 
 gate there " for the sake of drinking and surfeiting." The Canons were 
 also commanded to refrain " from detraction and obscene speech ;" and to 
 use only edifying language. The Abbot was admonished to reprove offenders 
 in private, and not to allow his servants and clerks to dine in their own 
 chambers, as they had previously been accustomed to do. 
 
 It was also provided that the Abbot should have only two receivers, to 
 keep a distinct account of their receipts and disbursements, and should 
 appoint one of the brethren to keep the garner, to superintend the delivery 
 of the corn from the abbatial manors, and to see that those persons who had 
 the custody of the same, and of the bread and beer, discharged their duties 
 faithfully. The servants were all to be sworn to the strict fulfilment of their 
 respective duties ; and their accounts were to be audited every year by four 
 examiners appointed by the Convent. 
 
 27 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 346, from original deed. 
 
ABBOTS MARINA, DODINGTON, AND BARRY. — A.D. 1278-1306. 11 
 
 The Abbot was recommended to dismiss useless retainers, and to keep 
 " a moderate family, as his predecessor, William, had done :" — i. e. only 
 two chaplains, and two or three esquires (scutiferos) ; — when he went on a 
 journey, he was to provide every thing - requisite in the Abbey during his 
 absence ; to abstain from giving " splendid entertainments" out of the house, 
 as he had been previously accustomed to give ; to dismiss the keeper of the 
 granary, the seller of corn, and the porter ; and to take precautions that 
 nothing should be found amiss at the next visitation. 28 
 
 These salutary provisions of the Bishop of Worcester did not, however, 
 produce the beneficial results required ; for it appears that during the 
 illness of the Abbot, two years afterwards, the Canons were living in open 
 defiance of the rules of their house, and were consequently threatened with 
 ecclesiastical censures. 29 
 
 On a subsequent visitation by the Bishop, in 1282, when he was lodged 
 in the Abbey, all was found to be well, " tarn in capite quam in membris" 
 except that the house was injured by the non-residence of the Abbot, and 
 burthened with a debt of three hundred pounds, because Sir Bogo de Clare 
 had that year disseised them of a church worth a hundred and fifty pounds 
 yearly. 30 
 
 But whatever diminution of revenue the Convent might have sustained 
 by Sir Bogo, the monks were amply compensated for their loss by the 
 bequest of Maurice, Lord Berkeley, who in the same year was interred in 
 their church. 31 In 1283, King Edward, after his expedition into Wales, 
 spent his Christmas at Bristol, and enriched its Abbey by gifts, and also 
 induced his retainers to make presents. 32 Abbot Marina died three years 
 afterwards, and his successor, 
 
 Hugh de Dodington, received the royal assent to his election about the 
 commencement of the year 1287. 33 The events connected with the house 
 during his abbacy and that of his successor, 
 
 James Barry, are equally devoid of interest. It is, however, related in 
 
 28 Barrett's Hist, of Bristol, p. 261, 262, ex Reg. Giffard, Epis. Wigorn. 
 
 29 Ibid. p. 263. 30 Ibid. 31 Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 353. 
 
 32 MS. Kalendar, penes Mr. Alderman Haythorne. 33 Rot. Pat. A°. 15 Edw. I. 
 
 c 2 
 
12 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 the annals of Worcester, that in 1299, as the latter was going- to his 
 country house, at Almondsbury, he was beset by many known knights 
 (milites noti), who robbed him, and murdered his steward, " projiter veri- 
 tatem." 3i He died in 1306, and was succeeded by 
 
 Edmund Knowle, 35 who is celebrated as having begun the re-building 
 of his Church, of which more will be related hereafter. Ten years after his 
 promotion to the Abbacy, he procured from the king, by the aid of the 
 third Maurice, Lord Berkeley, a confirmation of all grants which had been 
 previously made to his house : 36 but although successful in promoting the 
 temporal interest of the Abbey, he was not equally fortunate in maintaining 
 a due observance of the monastic rules amongst the brethren ; for at the 
 time of the Bishop of Worcester's visitation, in 1320, many irregularities 
 were noticed. The hounds, of which the Canons kept a great number, were 
 ordered to be removed; the almoner was displaced ; and inquiries were insti- 
 tuted into the characters of two of the members, one of whom was accused 
 of incontinence, and the other of causing dissension in the house. Orders 
 were also given for making better provision for the sick, for the regular 
 celebration of mass, and for the distribution of certain monies. William 
 Barry was at the same time absolved from a sentence of excommunication, 
 which he had incurred by apostasy : his penance of drinking water only on 
 Wednesdays was remitted, and he was allowed to drink beer and to eat 
 pulse, but fish was forbidden. 37 When Maurice, Lord Berkeley took part 
 in the rebellion against that imbecile monarch, Edward the Second, he 
 intrusted to Abbot Knowle, his evidences, and much personal property. 
 Amongst the latter were " two coffers of ivory, plated with silver, gilt with 
 gold ; eighteen garnish of silver vessels, a viol of pretious oyl, a piece of 
 the wood of the holy cross, divers pearls, emeraudes, rubyes and sapphires, 
 a paire of pater nosters of great pearl, two crosses of gold, one book of the 
 Law, called Breton, the Legend of Saints, and divers others of great 
 
 3* Wharton's Anglia Sacra, vol. i. p. 524. 35 Rot. Pat. 35 Edw. I. 
 
 36 Monasticon Anglicanum, ed. 1661, vol. ii. p. 233. 
 
 3 ? Barrett's Hist, of Bristol, p. 263, ex Reg. Cobham Epis. Wigorn. 
 
ABBOTS KNO WLEj SNOW, AND ASSHE. A.D. 1306-1352. 
 
 13 
 
 value." 38 This Abbot has been reproached with disloyalty, for having 
 refused to receive the corpse of his murdered sovereign, for interment : but 
 it is probable that such refusal was made by the advice, or rather by the 
 command, of his patron, the second Thomas, Lord Berkeley; who is said to 
 have given to the Canons of Saint Augustine's, plate, copes, and other 
 ornaments, to the value of thirty-two pounds, three shillings, and four 
 pence. 39 Knowle, one of the most meritorious Abbots that ever presided 
 over the Abbey of Saint Augustine, died in June, 1332; and in July, the 
 same year, the episcopal benediction was conferred on 
 
 John Snow, 40 who was the first and only Abbot of this Monastery that 
 ever attended Parliament. In the year after his promotion to the abbatial 
 dignity, he granted permission to the fraternity of the Kalendaries to rebuild, 
 and enlarge their house towards Corn Street ; 41 and there is reason to 
 believe that he promoted the new works of the Abbey which had been 
 commenced by his predecessor. His death occurred in July, 1341; 42 and 
 his successor, 
 
 Ralph Asshe, was confirmed in the following month. 43 His attendance 
 in Parliament being inconvenient to himself, and burthensome to the revenues 
 of the Abbey, he petitioned for, and obtained exemption, " because he held 
 not by barony, nor was his Abbey of royal foundation." 44 During his 
 abbacy, Bristol was visited by a plague, which so depopulated the town that 
 the grass grew in the streets, and the members of the monastic establish- 
 ment were so reduced in number that very few survived, who, according to 
 the canonical laws, were old enough to officiate as priests. 45 Dying in 1352, 
 
 38 Smyth's Lives of the Berkeley Family, by Fosbroke, p. 117. 
 
 3 9 Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 354, from Abb. Newland's Roll. — A particular account of 
 the murder of Edward the Second, his interment, and splendid monument, with a beautifully 
 engraved view of the latter, are given in the Author's " History and Antiquities of Gloucester 
 Cathedral." 
 
 40 Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. i. p. 228, ex Regist. Cobham Epis. Wigorn. 
 
 41 Evans's Chronological Outline of the Hist, of Bristol, p. 84. 
 
 42 It is a singular fact that, with the exception of Fitz-Harding, the founder, Eva his wife, and 
 Robert, Lord Berkeley, Abbot Snow was the only person annually commemorated as a benefactor 
 to the Abbey. 
 
 « Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. i. p. 228, ex Coll. CI. Whartoni. 
 
 44 Rot. Pat. 15 Edw. III. p. 1, m. 13. 45 Docum. in the Lib. of Phil, and Lit. Soc. Bristol. 
 
14 saint Augustine's abbey. 
 
 a dispute arose respecting the election of the succeeding Abbot ; and it was 
 not until the following year, that 
 
 William Coke, the sub-prior of the house, " a religious man, professing 
 the rule of Saint Augustine and the order of Canons Regular, instituted in 
 the said Monastery, honest, of a lawful age, above thirty, in the order of 
 priesthood, and born in lawful wedlock, was declared duly elected." 46 In 
 1361, owing to the turbulent state of Ireland, the king summoned all 
 persons who held lands in that island to appear before him in council ; 
 and although the Convent of Saint Augustine had no possessions there, a 
 writ of summons was directed to its Abbot, who was commanded to equip 
 his retainers for a foreign expedition. 47 Two years afterwards, he obtained 
 from Pope Urban, on account of the plague which had occurred in the time 
 of his predecessor, authority to permit the Canons of Saint Augustine's 
 Abbey, pro tempore, to be ordained priests at the age of twenty -two. 48 In 
 1363, he resigned in favour of 
 
 Henry Shellingford, or Blebery, whose conduct differed so much from 
 that of the preceding Abbot, that in 1371, the king found it necessary to 
 issue a mandate to the Bishop of Worcester, commanding him to visit the 
 Monastery of St. Augustine in Bristol, because Henry, the Abbot of the 
 same, had, by incurring excessive expenses, so wasted the revenues, that 
 divine service was almost at an end, alms giving had ceased, and that unless 
 timely precautions were taken, the Canons would be all dispersed. 49 In 
 consequence of this letter, the Bishop visited the Abbey ; and after his 
 decease, in 1374, the Prior of Worcester issued various ordinances for its 
 government. It was provided, amongst other things, that alms should be 
 given according to the possessions of the house ; that relief should be 
 afforded to the sick members, and that they should have better food than 
 the rest ; that seven Canons, deputed by the Abbot, should have the 
 custody of the conventual seal : provision was also made for the support of 
 
 43 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. '259, from Reg. Wigorn. Lynn. fol. 48. 
 4 ? Prynne, on the 4th Institute, p. 297. 
 
 48 Document in the Vatican, copies of which were obtained and presented by B. H. Bright, 
 Esq. to the Philosophical and Literary Society of Bristol. 
 
 4 9 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 263, from Reg. Wigorn. Lynn. fol. 48. 
 
ABBOTS SHELLING FORD, CERNEY, DAUBENEY, ETC. — A.D. 1371-1473. 15 
 
 the secular clerks of Saint Mary's Chapel; 50 the sacrist was to provide, at 
 his own expense, wax lights for the said chapel and church ; and the 
 chamberlain was to make a like provision for the dormitory. Five Canons 
 were to be elected to give advice to the Abbot in all matters relative to the 
 temporal government of the house ; and under them, collectors and receivers 
 were to be appointed. Provision, at the same time, was made for the 
 regulation of the Infirmary and the Refectory : in the former, the bedding was 
 to be repaired and properly kept ; in the latter, the bread and beer were to 
 be better made, and a more sufficient quantity allowed ; two kinds of flesh 
 and fish were to be provided ; and on Sundays the Canons were to be 
 served with fresh fish. 51 
 
 John Cerney was appointed Abbot in 1388, and five years afterwards, 
 he was succeeded by 
 
 John Daubeney, who appears to have conducted the affairs of the house 
 with order and skill ; for during the thirty-five years he presided over it, no 
 complaint of mis-management was made. His successor, 
 
 Walter Newbury, was not equally fortunate ; for the refractory Canons 
 expelled him from his office, and appointed in his stead 
 
 Thomas Sutton, one of their own body, who officiated as Abbot upwards 
 of five years : but having wasted the revenues, and incurred the displeasure 
 of the members, he was, in turn, dispossessed of his undeserved dignity, and 
 Newbury resumed his official duties. 
 
 By the deed of restitution it appears that, when deprived of the abbacy, 
 Newbury had presided over the affairs of the house with credit to himself 
 and with advantage to the members, upwards of twenty-five years ; and that 
 after his expulsion he had languished long in captivity, and only gained his 
 liberty and re-ins tatement to his former dignity through the interposition of 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury. His enemy and rival, Sutton, appealed to 
 the Pope, but without effect; for in 1463 the Archbishop's sentence was 
 confirmed ; high eulogiums were passed upon Abbot Newbury's character 
 and conduct, and ecclesiastical censures were denounced against those who 
 
 50 Rot. penes Decanura et Capit. Bristol. 
 
 51 Barrett's History of Bristol, 265 ; from Reg. Wigorn. sed vacante fol. 197. 
 
16 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 should molest him. 52 Newbury was a great benefactor to the Abbey : and, 
 amongst other improvements, built the manor-houses of Fifhead, in Dorset- 
 shire, and of Almondsbury, and Ashelworth, in Gloucestershire. Dying in 
 
 1473, at which time the Convent was indebted to him one hundred and 
 forty-nine pounds, five shillings, and ten pence, he was succeeded by 
 
 William Hunt, 53 under whose superintendence the Abbey Church 
 underwent considerable repairs, and to whose liberality the Monastery was 
 indebted for certain silver and gilt vessels, and for jewels of value. 54 In 
 
 1474, Bristol was visited by King Edward the Fourth, who was lodged in the 
 Abbey, and, whilst dwelling there, " got much money by way of benevolence 
 of the townsmen and dwellers neere to it, to helpe him in his warrs which 
 he had in hand.' 55 Hunt died in March, 1481, and in the following month 
 
 John Newland, or Nail-heart, 56 a native of Newland, in the Forest of 
 Dean, was elected Abbot. He is said to have been a man of abilities, and 
 was several times employed by King Henry the Seventh in foreign embas- 
 sies. 57 In beautifying and repairing the Abbey Church he expended much 
 money, 58 and rendered great assistance towards rebuilding the Church of 
 Saint Augustine the Less. 59 During his abbacy he compiled a register of 
 the most remarkable events relative to the Abbey, and to the family of its 
 founder, from the reign of King Henry the Second, to the seventh year of 
 
 52 Docum. in the Lib. of Phil, and Lit. Soc. Bristol. 
 
 53 Barrett's Hist, of Bristol, p. 268, from Reg. Wigorn. 5i Ibid. p. 265. 
 
 55 MS. Kalendar, penes Mr. Alderman Haythorne. — King Edward having called before him, 
 amongst others, an old rich widow, merrily asked what she would willingly give him towards 
 his great charges? " By my troth (quoth she) for thy lovely countenance, thou shalt have even 
 twenty pounds." The king, not expecting half that sum, thanked her, and lovingly kissed her; 
 which so wrought with the old widow, that she presently swore he should have twenty pounds 
 more, and paid it willingly. — Sir Richard Baker's Chronicle. 
 
 56 The latter appellation has probably been attributed to this Abbot from the circumstance 
 of his having assumed for his device, a Heart pierced with Nails, in like manner as Abbot Burton 
 adopted a Burr and a Ton, as a sort of rebus on his name. It was then fashionable to have 
 punning armorial bearings ; as Bolton, Islip, and many others. 
 
 57 Willis's Mitred Abbeys, vol. i. p. 128. 
 
 58 Wood's Fasti Oxonienses, edit. 1815, vol. i. p. 10. — In the year 1481 the Abbey owed him 
 £242. 19s. 8|<2. ; but how that sum had been expended we are uninformed. — Rot. penes Decanum 
 et Capit. Bristol. 
 
 59 Evans' Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol, p. 1 15. 
 
OFFICERS IN 1491 : — 
 
 INCOME AND EXPENDITURE. 
 
 17 
 
 King Henry the Seventh. This is now preserved- in Berkeley Castle, and 
 has been frequently alluded to, in the preceding pages. 
 
 In 1486, Bristol was visited by King Henry the Seventh, who, according 
 to some authorities, " lodged at Saint Augustine's Abbey :" but, as stated 
 by others, " held his court in the Great House, on Saint Augustine's Back." 
 He certainly went to the Abbey on his first arrival, as is evident by the 
 following extract from a manuscript in the Cottonian Library : — " And then 
 the King preceded towarde the Abbey of Seint Austeyns, and by the way, 
 ther was a baker's wifF cast oute of a wyndow a great quantite of whete, 
 crying, ' Welcome, and good look ;' &c, Within Seint Austein's Chirche 
 th' Abbot and his Convent receyved the King with Procession, as accus- 
 tumed. And on the morne when the King had dynede, he roode on 
 Pilgremage to Seint Annes in the Wodde. And on the Thursday nexte 
 folowing, whiche was Corpus Christi day, the King went in procession 
 aboute the great Grene, ther callede the Sanctuary, whither came al the 
 processions of the Towne also ; and the Bishop of Worcestre prechide in 
 the pulpit 60 in the midds of the forsaide Grene, in a great audience of the 
 Meyre, and the substance of all the Burgesse of the Towne, and their 
 wifFs, with much other people of the countrey." 61 
 
 A roll, or series of accounts of the monastic officers of Saint Augustine's 
 Abbey, commencing in 1491, and ending in 1492, is still extant amongst 
 the archives of the Dean and Chapter of Bristol. From these we obtain 
 many interesting particulars relative to the affairs of the house, some of 
 them equally applicable to the government of preceding Abbots as to that 
 of Newland. The monastic establishment, exclusive of servants, and of the 
 Abbot, who was also the Treasurer and Cellarer, consisted then of seven- 
 teen persons ; namely, John Martyn, the Prior, who was also " Collector 
 Denariorum Gratia?, Sacrista, et Magister Novi Operis ;" Thomas Greene, 
 " Sub-prior" and " Camerarius;" Henry Griffiths, who died during the year, 
 " Canonicus et Presbyter ;" Henry Brugges, " Collector Redituum Villa? 
 Bristolliae," and also " Collector reditus Anniversarii et Elemosynarius, 
 
 60 Probably a stone cross or pulpit, similar to that at Hereford. 
 
 61 Leland's Collectanea, vol. iv. p. 201. 
 
 D 
 
18 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 Canonicus et Presbyter ;" John Dinham, Thomas Clerke, " Refectorarius ;" 
 William Hobbes, " Custos Infirmarii ;" William Crekelade, " Custodiens 
 Officium Praecentoris ;" and Robert Elyot, " Coquinarius et Hostillarius." 
 The five last are all described as " Canonici et Presbyteri;" the remaining 
 eight were " Novitiati."' 
 
 The total amount of the monastic revenues at that time was 747/. 2*. Id. 
 the outgoings 79/. 16s. 8d., leaving a clear balance of 667/. 5s. 5d. The 
 annual expenditure of the Convent was then 488/. 10s. A\d. ; the Canons 
 were thus enabled to save, for occasional expenses, 178/. 15s. Ojd. yearly. 
 
 Henry Brugges, the Collector of the rents in the town of Bristol, 
 accounted for 33s. which had been expended in bread and wine for the 
 use of the Abbot and Canons, on the anniversary of Robert Harding, 
 including a distribution made to the poor, at that time ; and 23s. for similar 
 expenses incurred on the anniversary of Robert, Lord of Berkeley. He 
 also charges in his account, 71. ISs. 8d. for bread, ale, flesh, and other 
 victuals for the diet of William Clerk, singing-man, Richard Hawkyns, 
 under singing-man, three boys belonging to the Chapel of the blessed 
 Virgin-Mary, and one alms-man, supported at their table by the charity of 
 the Abbot and Convent. Abbot Newland, as Cellarer of the Abbey, 
 acknowledged to have received for four hundred and sixty quarters of malt, 
 the property of the Convent, 96/. 15s. Amongst his disbursements, were 
 payments for the carriage of grain from Clevedon (Clifton) by the Severn, 
 to Saint Augustine's Back, from Tickenham to the abbatial granary, and 
 of faggots from Leigh-wood to the malt-house. To the maltster of the 
 Convent he paid AOs., and to his assistant, at lOd. per week, 3s. Ad. 
 
 The total sum expended by Robert Elyot, the Purveyor of the kitchen, for 
 beef, veal, pork, salt and fresh fish, and for other provisions, was 62/. 19s. 6%d. 
 A second account of the Collector of the rents enumerates payments made 
 for the purchase of red wine for the Abbot and seventeen Canons (all named) 
 for twenty-nine principal and double festivals ; (specified) one pottle for the 
 Abbot, and one quartern for each Canon ; — for similar wine bought for the 
 use of the Abbot and his Convent, on the eve of the Nativity and Easter : 
 two flagons for each, " according to laudable and antient custom." The 
 
INCOME AND EXPENDITURE. 
 
 19 
 
 same officer states, that by reason of the introduction of the new Festival of 
 the Visitation of the Virgin Mary, it had been agreed by the Abbot and 
 Convent that each Canon should receive yearly, for the celebration of the 
 same, one pottle of wine, worth Ad. He also charges IGs. for one thousand 
 and seventeen herrings, distributed to the poor on the anniversaries of 
 Robert Harding, the founder, and of the Lady Eva, his wife, and at other 
 seasons ; 62 — to John Griffith, Vicar of the Church of Saint Augustine the 
 Less, for his diet for half a year, 13s. Ad. ; and a similar sum to the same 
 person for teaching the junior Canons and other boys " in the Grammar 
 School within the Abbey." 63 
 
 From the Vestiary's account it appears to have been customary for the 
 Abbot and Convent to receive money instead of clothes. The receipts of 
 the Sacrist shew, that they derived profits from persons making ropes 
 " in the sanctuary, called the Green Place;" 64 from the oblations made at 
 the pyxes before certain images in Saint Augustine's Abbey ; 65 and from 
 
 62 It is worthy of notice that in the original the word Filius is omitted in the name of Robert 
 Hardynge, and that Eva his wife is called Domina. Query, Was she so styled as being of 
 higher rank than her husband ? The term " Domina," the lady, was not in former times so 
 limited as it now is. 
 
 63 In this and most other monastic institutions, the Novices, here called also junior cano?is, 
 were admitted at an early age ; and it appears from an entry in a subsequent roll, that one of 
 them was usually assisted, if not wholly supported at Oxford, at the cost of the Abbey, no doubt 
 for the subsequent part of his education. This was adopted in imitation of the ancient monasteries 
 in England and elsewhere, which in those times were intended to be, and in fact were almost the 
 only places for superior education. 
 
 6t The space now called the College Green is in all ancient documents termed the viridis 
 placea, and was formerly a little more extensive on the western side than at present. A rope 
 walk on it extended from east to west, and on the ground where seven houses now stand 
 between the Cathedral and St. Augustine's Church-yard, was an enclosure called the Masonry, 
 for which the sacrist received the rent. This Masonry (which will be again alluded to in a 
 subsequent page) was afterwards leased for dwellings, which, about a century ago, were replaced 
 by the present houses, those nearest to the Cathedral being removed as a nuisance, and the space 
 whereon they stood being converted into an avenue, leading into a new street called Trinity Street, 
 built on the ancient garden of the Convent. 
 
 65 The words of the roll are, — " Et de 8s. Ad. receptis de oblationibus de pyxidibus coram 
 diversis imaginibus infra ecclesiam Monasterii S cl Augustini, videlicet, Sancti Augustini juxta 
 secundum altare 8d. ; — Beatse Mariae juxta ostium boriale, Ad. ; — Sanctae Crucis, 7$. Ad. ; — 
 
 D 2 
 
20 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 persons taking refuge in the sanctuary. 66 From Abbot Newland's account, 
 as Treasurer, we learn that the retaining fees of counsel, and other law 
 expenses, amounted to 40/. ; and that nearly 3/. had been given in the 
 course of the year, to gentlemen, and to the minstrels of the " Kings and 
 Lords,'" who had visited the Abbey. Who these royal and noble visitors were, 
 we are uninformed. 
 
 In 1493, the Bishop of Worcester visited Bristol, and resided at the 
 Gaunt's Hospital instead of the Abbey, as had been previously customary. 
 From this circumstance, and there being no accounts extant excepting for 
 the preceding year, which were probably made up at this visitation, it may be 
 inferred that irregularities then prevailed, as on former occasions. Amongst 
 other regulations, the Bishop then directed the sequestration of the revenues 
 which the Canons derived from the Church of All Saints, in consequence of 
 neglecting to keep the chancel of that church in repair. 67 About the same 
 time a dispute arose between the Convent and the Mayor and Council of 
 Bristol ; the former alledging that the civic officers had infringed the 
 
 Apolloniae, nil; — Antonii, nil; — Sancti Erasmi, nil. Et de 22d. receptis de hujusmodi oblationi- 
 bus provenientibus de pyxide S ci Clementis juxta Capellam S ci Jordani in viridi placea ibidem." 
 These sums serve to demonstrate the various degrees of estimation in which the respective saints and 
 their altars were held. 
 
 66 During - the year 1491-2, twelve persons claimed sanctuary, of whom each paid four pence 
 for the insertion of his name in the sacrist's book. — William of Worcester describes the extent of 
 the sanctuary with sufficient accuracy, and it evidently included nearly the whole of the present 
 Colleg-e Green. Saint Jordan's Chapel, and Saint Clement's Shrine, must have been within the 
 sanctuary, and detached from the church, because the oblations (as in the preceding note) are 
 separately accounted for. 
 
 6 ? Document penes Mr. William Tyson. — A MS. in the possession of the same gentleman 
 contains the following passage, relative to the transaction : — " Md. y e> x day of April anno dni 
 1494 mast r John Hawley, Thorns Snygge, & John Baten for y e substans of y e pysche hath 
 receuyd of John Thomas Vycar of Allhalon for y e pcncyon of xls concernyng- vnto my lord 
 y e Abbott of Seynt Austyn & h s * Covent y 1, was seqwestred yn yeyr bonds by my lord Morton 
 Bysschopp of Worcester yn y e - house of y e - Gaunts yn the tyme of h*' Vysytacyon y t- ys to 
 sey y e - xvi day of the moneth of July anno dni 1493° y f - is to sey a pares pece pcell gulte 
 weyeng xiij unces y e - whyche was payeabyll at y e fest of Seynt Androwe last past y l ys to sey 
 y e last day of Novebr." — In another passage it is stated, that, in 1518, " mi lord the Abbott of 
 Seynt Austens at hys own cost and charge did repaire the roffe of the Cheancell and the gutters of 
 the same church as well in tyling as in sowdring." 
 
ABBOTS NEWLAND, ELYOT, AND SOMERSET. A.D. 1481-1533. 21 
 
 sanctuary of the Abbey; had prevented the burgesses from selling provisions 
 to the Canons ; from grinding corn at their mill, called Trin-Mill (a source 
 of great profit to the Convent) ; had impeded the course of justice on behalf 
 of the Abbot, and had neglected to repair the banks of the Frome, adjoining 
 to the abbatial lands. 68 The affair was however compromised in 1496, by 
 the Lord Chief Justice, and the Lord Chancellor. 
 
 Newland acquired such popularity by strict attendance to religious 
 duties, and by charitable deeds, that after his death, in 1515, he was 
 styled the Good Abbot. His successor was 
 
 Robert Elyot, whose name is omitted in Willis's list. He is also said 
 to have contributed towards the erection of the Church of Saint Augustine 
 the Less ; and as his arms appear upon the Abbey gate-house, it is probable 
 that the upper part of it was built by him, or during his abbacy. In 1523, 
 Maurice, Lord Berkeley, the sixth of his name, died at Calais, and by his 
 Will bequeathed to this Monastery, " his best pair of vestments with all 
 his furniture, and xx li. in money, one gilt cross with all the relics enclosed 
 therein, all his best gilt cosets, one pair of white vestments with all their 
 furniture, and his best pair of black vestments, with his best missal, and a 
 good chalice." 69 Abbot Elyot died in 1526, and was succeeded by 
 
 John Somerset. During his Abbacy, according to one of the annalists 
 of Bristol (although the passage appears to bear reference to the govern- 
 ment of Abbot Newland), the dissensions which had previously occurred 
 between the Canons of Saint Augustine's and the towns-people of Bristol 
 were again renewed. It appears that two choristers of the Abbey having 
 refused to pay the " king's silver," distresses were levied upon them by the 
 collectors, who took from the one " a pottinger," and from the other a 
 " brasse panne or ketell." The Abbot, espousing the cause of his depen- 
 dants, arrested the municipal officers who exercised their functions within 
 his jurisdiction : the Mayor and Commonalty retaliated, and imprisoned the 
 retainers of the Convent. The Abbot " with a ryotous company" then 
 attempted to force the prison wherein his men were confined ; but was 
 
 68 Barrett's Hist, of Bristol, p. 69, from the Great White Book in Dom. Concil. asservat. 
 c 9 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 256, from the original Will. 
 
22 
 
 saint augustine's abbey. 
 
 repulsed. After upwards of one thousand pounds had been expended in 
 legal proceedings, the dispute was referred to arbitrators ; who decided 
 that the choristers should pay their taxes, that each party should release 
 their prisoners, that the Mayor and Council should attend divine service in 
 the College as usual, and that the Abbot and his successors, " in token of 
 submission for their contempt," should thenceforth, upon every Easter Day 
 in the afternoon, and Easter Monday in the forenoon, meet, or wait for them 
 at the door of the Grammar School at Froom Gate, and accompany them to 
 the College. 70 Abbot Somerset died in 1533; when 
 
 William Burton was elected. Archbishop Cranmer visited Bristol in 
 the same year, and " tarried there nineteen daies, reforming of many 
 thinges that were amisse, and preached at St. Augustine's Abbey, and 
 other places." 71 This visit was in consequence of Latimer's preaching, 
 which was most vehemently opposed by the Secretary, Cromwell, and of 
 course by the monastic establishments. Abbot Burton was therefore 
 deputed, in conjunction with other commissioners, to inquire into and 
 report upon the influence which the discourses of that divine had upon the 
 minds of the inhabitants of Bristol. 72 But notwithstanding the opposition 
 made by him to the reformed doctrines, he was, with seventeen other 
 members of this house, compelled to subscribe to the kings supremacy. 
 There are, as we shall have occasion to notice, parts of the interior of the 
 present Cathedral that were built by this Abbot. After his death, in 1537, 
 
 Morgan Guilliam ap Guilli am was appointed, who, being charged with 
 incontinence and other crimes, 73 was two years afterwards compelled to 
 surrender the Abbey to the king; when the annual revenues amounted to 
 767/. 15s. 3d. according to Speed; or, as stated by Dugdale, 670/. 13s. lid. 
 The former gives the total revenue, the latter deducts the reprises, or 
 outgoings. 74 Abbot Guilliam was allowed a pension of eighty pounds, and 
 other pensions were allotted to the Prior, and to ten of the Canons. 
 
 "° MS. Kalendar, penes Mr. Wm. Tyson. 
 
 Cott. MS. Brit. Mus. E. iv. n. 38. 
 74 Vide antea, p. 18. 
 
 71 Bristol Memorialist, p. 40. 
 73 Fuller's Church History, lib. vi. p. 328. 
 
23 
 
 CHAP. II. 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SEE OF BRISTOL ; 
 
 ITS EXTENT, JURISDICTION, ETC.; WITH BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS OF 
 
 THE BISHOPS. 
 
 When King Henry the Eighth, to appease the clamours which had been 
 raised against the dissolution of religious houses, and to shew that he 
 sought rather to forward the grand work of the Reformation and to simplify 
 public worship, than to replenish his own coffers, determined to endow, out 
 of the immense revenues of the dissolved Monasteries, six new Cathedrals, 
 Bristol being an ancient town, with a large population, was deemed a fit 
 place to be the seat of one of these bishopricks. The Conventual Church of 
 Saint Augustine's Abbey, with its appendant buildings, was consequently 
 appropriated to the use of the new establishment ; and having been re-dedi- 
 cated to the Holy Trinity, was converted into a Cathedral. 
 
 The preamble to the Foundation Charter, dated the 4th of June, 1542, 
 is similar to that already alluded to in the author's recent volume on Glou- 
 cester Cathedral. By this, it was ordained that the new establishment should 
 consist of one Dean, six Canons, six minor Canons, one of whom was to be 
 the Sacrist, one Deacon, six Lay-Clerks, one Master of the Choristers, two 
 Masters of the Grammar School, four Almsmen, one Sub-sacrist (or Sexton), 
 one Porter and Verger, one Butler, and two Cooks. The places of the 
 three latter have long since been suppressed. 
 
 The Diocess of Bristol was chiefly taken out of that of Salisbury, by the 
 annexation of the county and archdeaconry of Dorset ; partly out of that 
 of Worcester, by separating several parishes in Gloucestershire, some of 
 which were within the city of Bristol ; and three other churches, or chapels, 
 also in Bristol, which belonged to the diocess of Bath and Wells. The 
 first Bishop preferred to this new See was 
 
 Paul Bush, a native of Somersetshire. He became a member of the 
 University of Oxford about the year 1513, and five years afterwards, being 
 
24 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 then esteemed a man of learning, obtained the degree of Bachelor of Arts. 
 He subsequently entered the Friary of the Bon-hommes, now Wadham 
 College, in Oxford ; 1 where, being alike distinguished for his theological 
 knowledge and his medical skill, he was appointed provincial of his order 
 in the Priory of Edington, in Wiltshire. 2 Whilst in that house he wrote 
 " a lytell boke, contaynyng," as stated in the title-page, " certayne gostly 
 medycynes necessary to be used among wel-disposed people to eschewe and 
 to avoyde the comen plage of pestilens." 3 In this treatise he is styled " syr 
 Paule Bushe, preste and bone-home in the good house of Edyngdon." He 
 has been described as " a wise and grave man, well versed both in divinity 
 and physic, and not only a good orator, but an excellent poet." 4 These 
 qualifications, together with his ready compliance to surrender his Monas- 
 tery, are supposed to have ingratiated him with Henry the Eighth, who 
 appointed him his Chaplain, a Canon residentiary of Salisbury, and Bishop 
 of Bristol. He had restitution of the temporalities by the title of" capellanus 
 regis, et S. Theologiae bacalaureus," on the 16th of June, 1542, 5 and was 
 consecrated in the parish church of Hampton, in the county of Middlesex, on 
 the 25th of the same month. 6 Bale and Pits erroneously ascribe his prefer- 
 ment to King Edward the Sixth ; the latter adds that the chief reason of his 
 being made a bishop was the scarcity of learned men amongst the reformers, 
 and that he was therefore chosen although of an adverse creed. 7 By 
 marrying, he incurred the displeasure of Queen Mary, and to avoid being 
 expelled, resigned his bishoprick : but he does not appear to have been 
 deprived of it, as some authors have stated. He subsequently retired to 
 Winterbourne, near Bristol, where he died. He wrote and published some 
 trivial works ; one of which, dedicated to the Princess Mary, is intituled 
 
 1 Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. i. col. 270. 
 
 2 Rymer's Fcedera, vol. xiv. p. 638. Beauties of Wiltshire, vol. iii. 
 
 s This little " boke" consists of prayers, or conjurations against the plague ; and at the end 
 are some stanzas addressed to the reader. 
 
 * Cole's MSS. in the British Museum, vol. x. p. 76. 5 Rot. Pat. 34 Hen. VIII. p. 2. 
 
 fi Strype's Memoirs of Archbishop Cranmer, lib i. c. 24. 
 
 7 Jo. Pitseus in libro De illustribus Angliae Scriptoribus, set. 16, No. 997. 
 
BISHOPS BUSH, AND HOLYMAN. A. D. 1542-1558. 
 
 25 
 
 " A ly tell treaty se in Englysshe, called the extirpacion of ignorancy ; and it 
 treateth and speketh of the ignorance of people, shewyng them howe they are 
 bounde to feare God, and to honour their prince.'' 8 There is a monument in 
 the north aile of the church, with the statue of an emaciated figure, said to 
 be raised over the grave of this Bishop. 
 
 John Holyman, the succeeding- Prelate, was born at Caddington, in 
 Bedfordshire, and after receiving his education at Winchester School, became 
 a Fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1512. There he took a degree in the 
 Canon Law, and subsequently proceeded A.M and B.D. He afterwards 
 assumed the cowl in the Abbey of Saint Mary, at Reading. 9 Acquiring great 
 reputation for learning and sanctity, he wrote to the University of Oxford, 
 in 1530, praying to be excused from preaching in the city, for the degree 
 of D.D., being desirous rather to address the inhabitants of London, to 
 convert them from Lutheranism. 10 When the subject of the king's divorce 
 was discussed by the churchmen, most of whom were in favour of the 
 measure, Holyman not only preached against it, but in a tract, entitled 
 " Defensio Matrimonii Reginae Catharinge cum rege Henrico Octavo," 
 strongly urged the validity of the marriage, and the illegality of a 
 separation. 11 This conduct was a barrier to ecclesiastical preferment ; 
 and we find that he settled at his rectory of Hanborough, near Woodstock. 
 When the Princess Mary ascended the throne, Holyman was once more called 
 into active life : his former opposition to the advocates of the reformed 
 doctrines was remembered, and the See of Bristol, then vacated by Paul 
 Bush, was conferred upon him. 12 Although a zealous Catholic, he appears 
 to have fulfilled the duties of his station with credit to himself and with 
 benefit to his diocesans. " He did not," says Fuller, " for ought I can 
 finde, prophane himself with any barbarous cruelty : but Mr. Dalby, his 
 Chancellour, (as an active lieutenant to a dull captain,) sent three, namely, 
 Richard Sharpe, Thomas Benton, and Thomas Hale, to the stake at Bristol 
 
 8 Wood's Athense Oxonienses by Bliss, vol. i. col. 271. 9 Ibid. col. 275. 
 
 10 Gutch's History and Antiquities of tbe University of Oxford, vol. ii. p. 32. 
 
 11 Ibid. p. 45, and Athen. Oxon. ut supra. 12 Rot. Pat. A'. I. and II. Phil, and Mary. 
 
 E 
 
26 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 for testimony of the truth." 13 After his death, in 1558, the See remained 
 vacant three years, when it was granted to 
 
 Richard Chey/ney, in commendam with that of Gloucester. 14 His 
 history shews how little the biography of the times is to be depended upon. 
 Camden says " he was very much addicted to Luther;" 15 Godwin and 
 Richardson state that " he was perhaps more addicted to Luther than was 
 meet ;" 16 whilst others assert that he was once excommunicated for popery, 
 and that he and all his servants were papists. It is even stated that he was 
 accused of speaking irreverently of Calvin and Luther on account of their 
 notions of free will, &c. ; and that Calf hill, Archdeacon of Colchester, was 
 consequently deputed to preach two sermons in confutation of his opinions, 
 in the Cathedral of Bristol. 17 Fuller thinks that he was a sincere 
 Protestant. 18 Cheyney died in 1579. From 1581 to 1589 the See of Bristol 
 was held in commendam by John Bullingham, Bishop of Gloucester. 19 
 In the year last mentioned it was however thought fit to appoint a separate 
 Bishop, and 
 
 Richard Fletcher was installed. He was born at Cranbrook in Kent, 
 of which place his father was vicar, became in early life a Fellow of Corpus 
 Christi College, Cambridge, and subsequently rector of Alderkirke, in 
 Lincolnshire. 20 In 1572, being then M.A., he was collated to the prebend 
 of Islington, 21 and twelve years afterwards became Dean of Peterborough, 
 in which capacity he attended upon Mary, Queen of Scots, at her execution 
 at Fotheringhay, in 1586; and on that occasion, contrary to the dictates 
 of humanity and of true religion, he disturbed the last moments of the 
 unfortunate princess with unavailing entreaties to change her faith. 22 It 
 
 13 Church History, lib. viii. p. 17. 14 See Britton's Hist, of Gloucester Cath. p. 35. 
 
 15 Life and Reign of Queen Elizabeth, sub anno 1559. 16 De Praesulibus, p. 564. 
 
 W Strype's Annals, vol. i. p. 559. 564. 18 Church History, lib. ix. p. 111. 
 
 19 Britton's Hist. Glouc. Cath. p. 35. 20 Cole's MSS. Brit. Mus. vol. xxvii. fol. 22, b. 
 
 21 Dugdale's History of St. Paul's, Ellis's edit. p. 257. 
 
 22 The following account of that circumstance is taken from the Lansdowne MSS. No. 51, 
 art. 46. — Her Majesty's Commission having" been read, " one Doctor Fletcher, dean of Peter- 
 borowe, standing - directly before the Queen of Scots, without the rayle, bending his body with 
 great reverence, began to utter this exhortation; — ' Madame the Q. most excellent Mat ie &c.' and 
 
BISHOP FLETCHER. — A. D. 1589-1596. 
 
 was probably in consideration of this and similar services, that he was in 
 1589 promoted to the Bishoprick of Bristol/ 3 and in the same year made 
 almoner to Queen Elizabeth. 2 * According to Sir John Harington, Fletcher 
 accepted this See on condition of leasing out its estates to courtiers, 25 and 
 did it so effectually that, after his translation to Worcester in 1593, the 
 See remained vacant for ten years. " He was," adds Sir John, " a well 
 spoken man, and one that the Queene gave good countenance to, and 
 discovered her favour to him, even in her reprehensions, for she found fault 
 with him once for cutting his beard too short : whereas good lady (if she 
 had known it) she would have found fault with him for cutting his bishopp- 
 rick so short. He could preach well, and would speak boldly, and yet 
 keepe decorum. He knew what would please the Queene, and would 
 adventure on that, though it offended others." 26 From Worcester he was 
 removed to London, where he offended the queen by his marriage with 
 Lady Baker, his second wife : but her majesty was afterwards reconciled 
 and even visited him at his house at Chelsea, where, amongst other prepa- 
 
 iterating theis wordes three or foure tymes, she told him, ' Mr. Dean, I am settled in the auncient 
 Catholique Romayne religion, and mynd to spend my bloode in defence of it.' Then Mr. Dean 
 said, ' Madame, chaung your opinion and repent you of your former wickednes, and settle your 
 faith onely in Jesus Christ, by him to be saved.' Then she aunswered agayne and agayne, ' Mi - . 
 Deane, trouble not yourselfe any more, for I am settled and resolved in this my religion, and am 
 purposed therein to die.' After further conversation from the Lords in attendance, the Dean uttered 
 a prayer, in which the Queen refused to join, and after the final completion of the melancholy scene, 
 said aloud, ' So perish all the Queene's Enemyes.'" 
 
 23 Willis's Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 779. 24 Lodge's Illustrations of Brit. Hist. vol. ii. p. 382. 
 
 25 Nugae Antiquae, ed. by Park, 2 vols. 8vo. 1804, vol. ii. p. 42. 
 
 26 As an instance of this it is stated, that two very young privy counsellors having been sworn 
 within one year, Fletcher could not refrain from quoting, in a sermon preached before the queen, a 
 passage from Seneca against " juvenile consilium, privatum commodum, investum odium," which 
 has been thus translated : — 
 
 " That we may truly say, these spoyl'd the state, 
 Young councell, privat gaine, and partial hate." 
 
 Her majesty, we are informed, was not offended at the freedom he had taken ; and when reproved 
 by the friends of the young counsellors, " he told the friends of either of them, he meant it by the 
 other." — Harington's " Nugae Antiquae," ut supra, p. 45. 
 
 K 2 
 
28 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 rations for her reception, a door and steps were constructed in a bay-window. 
 This gave occasion for the wits of the age to say that he was so overjoyed 
 that he had " turned the house out of the windows" for her welcome ; whilst 
 others, more severe, called it " the impresse, or emblem, of his entry into 
 the Bishoprick of Bristol, not at the dore but at the window." But. certain it 
 is, observes our author, " that the Queene being pacified and he in great 
 jollity, with his fayr lady, and her carpetts and cushions in her bed-chamber, 
 died sodainly, taking tobacco in his chayre, saying to his man that stood by 
 him, whom he loved very well, ' Oh boy, I die.' " 27 Camden, speaking of 
 Fletcher, says " he was a consummate courtier, who endeavouring to smoother 
 the cares of an unlucky match in the smoak of tobacco, which he took to 
 excess, and falling under the Queen's displeasure, (who thought it enough 
 for Bishops to be fathers of the Church) between the experiment and the 
 misfortune lost his life," in 1596. 28 His successor, 
 
 John Thornborough, was a native of Salisbury; and in the year 1570, 
 being then eighteen years of age, was entered of Magdalen College, Oxford. 
 Whilst there he was more distinguished for his love of pleasure and his irre- 
 gularities than for his learning or his attention to the rules of the University. 
 In a life of Dr. Simon Foreman, preserved in the Ashmolean Library, it is 
 stated that " two batchelors of arts were the chief benefactors that main- 
 tained Simon ; one of them was a Salisbury man born called John Thorn - 
 borough, a demy of Magdalen College, and the other was his kinsman 
 called Robert Pinkney, a commoner of Saint Mary's Hall and a Wiltshire 
 man born. These two loved Simon well, but being much given to pleasure, 
 they would make him go to the keeper of the Forest of Shotover for his 
 
 *i Amongst other sarcastic lines, to which this circumstance gave rise, were the following: — 
 
 " Here lies the first Prelate made Christendom see 
 
 A Bishop a husband unto a Ladye ; 
 
 The cause of his death, was secret and hid, 
 
 He cried out, ' I die !' — and ev'n so he did." 
 
 NugcB Antigua, vol. ii. p. 47. 
 
 * 8 Complete History of England, vol. ii. p. 956. 
 
BISHOP THORNBOROUGH. — A. D. 1603-1641. 
 
 29 
 
 hounds to go out hunting from morning to night. They never studied, nor 
 gave themselves to their books, but spent their time in the fencing schools, 
 dancing schools, stealing deer and conies, in hunting the hare and wooing 
 girls. They often went to the house of Dr. Giles Laurence at Cowley, near 
 Oxon, to see his two fair daughters, Elizabeth and Martha, the first of 
 which Thornborough wooed, the other, Pinkney, who at length married her, 
 but Thornborough deceived the other." 29 The Earl of Pembroke made him 
 his chaplain and also conferred on him the rectory of Chilmark, in his 
 native County. By the interest of his patron he soon afterwards became 
 chaplain in ordinary to Queen Elizabeth, and obtained the rectory of 
 Bransburton, in Yorkshire. In 1589 he was promoted to the deanery of 
 York, and four years after was made Bishop of Limerick. 30 Thornbo- 
 rough was translated to the See of Bristol in 1603, holding his deanery of 
 York in commendam* 1 and resigning his benefices in Yorkshire. 32 Two 
 years afterwards he published a treatise, called " The joyful and blessed 
 Re-uniting the two mighty and famous Kingdoms of England and Scotland 
 into their antient Name of Great Britain." This work contained some 
 passages derogatory to the honour of both houses of parliament, and the 
 author was therefore censured by the Lords. Thornborough was unhappily 
 embroiled in dissensions with the Corporation of Bristol, and with others 
 of his diocesans. During the years 1606-7 he never visited the city. In 
 the former year the Mayor and Council obtained leave from the Dean and 
 Chapter to erect a gallery within the Cathedral, and constructed the same 
 near the pulpit." The Bishop, on visiting Bristol in 1608, caused it to be 
 immediately pulled down ; when the citizens, indignant at this assumption 
 of power, represented the case to the king, who appointed commissioners to 
 examine whether " the Gallery made the Church look like a playhouse," as 
 reported. Their answer being in the negative, Thornborough was com- 
 manded to re-construct it at his own expense. This was accordingly done, 
 but placed about three feet only from the ground ; and at the same time the 
 
 2 9 Wood's Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. ii. col. 99. 30 Ibid. vol. iii. col. 3. 
 
 31 Richardson, de Praesulibus, p. 565. 
 
 32 Wood's Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iii. col. 3. 33 Bristol Memorialist, p. 122. 
 
30 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 pulpit was removed to such a distance that it was impossible for persons 
 sitting in the gallery to hear the officiating minister. The civic authorities 
 made a second application to his majesty, who, when Thornborough next 
 appeared at court, rebuked him so sharply that he left London and proceeded 
 to Dorchester, and " would not come to Bristol for shame and disgrace." 
 Continuing, however, to annoy the citizens, the mayor applied to the Arch- 
 bishop of Canterbury, and obtained some redress ; but the corporation for 
 several years attended divine service at the church of St. Mary's, Redcliff. 34 
 In the year 1613 the affair appears to have been so far compromised, that 
 the city officers returned to the Cathedral : this, however, might have been 
 in compliment to Queen Anne, who in that year visited the city, and with 
 great parade and ceremony attended that church. 35 Three years afterwards 
 Thornborough was translated to Worcester, where he died, in 1641, at the 
 advanced age of ninety-four. In summing up his character, Sir John 
 Harington says, " he was a person well furnished with learning, wisdom, 
 courage, and other as well episcopal as temporal accomplishments, beseem- 
 ing a gentleman, a dean, and a Bishop." 36 But above all, he was much 
 celebrated for his skill in chemistry, by the aid of which he was supposed to 
 have attained so great an age. 37 Thornborough was succeeded by 
 
 Nicholas Felton, the son of a merchant of Yarmouth, successively 
 Fellow and Warden of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge ; Rector of Saint 
 Antholin's, and Saint Mary-le-Bow, London ; and Prebendary of Saint 
 Pauls Church, in London. 38 He was installed in December, 1617, and 
 
 34 Bristol Memorialist, p. 189, 190. 
 
 35 In the Bristol Memorialist is a long account of the queen's procession in a poem by R. Naile, 
 an apprentice of the city. 
 
 36 Nugae Antique, ed. 1804, vol. ii. p. 213. 
 
 3 7 Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iii. col. 4. — Bishop Thornborough published, in 1621, a chemical 
 treatise, entitled AiSoOsajnxo; : sive Nihil, Aliquid, Omnia, in gratiam eorum, qui artem auriferam 
 physico-chymice et pie profitentur." Nine years afterwards he wrote " The last Will and 
 Testament of Jesus Christ touching the blessed Sacrament of the Body and Blood," &c. ; and in 
 the year of his death, " A Discourse shewing the great happiness that hath, and may still accrue 
 to his Maj. Kingdoms of Engl, and Scotland by re-uniting them into one — Great Britain." 
 
 38 Athense Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. ii. col. 507. 
 
BISHOPS FELTON, SEARCTIFIELD, AND WRIGHT. A.D. 1617-1632. 31 
 
 after an interval of fifteen months was translated to the See of Ely, which 
 he enjoyed until his death, in 1626. 39 His extensive learning recom- 
 mended him to the notice of King James the First, who appointed him 
 one of the translators of the Bible, 40 a task for which he was well qualified ; 
 as, according to Fuller, " he had a sound head, and a sanctified heart, was 
 beloved of God, and all good men, very hospitable to all, and charitable to 
 the poor." 41 
 
 Roland Searchfield, the next prelate, was educated at Merchant 
 Taylors' School, London ; at the age of seventeen was admitted a scholar 
 of Saint John's College, Oxford ; became successively Fellow of that House, 
 Proctor of the University, Vicar of Emley in Northamptonshire, and Rector 
 of Bowthorp in Gloucestershire. 42 In 1619 he was preferred to this See, 
 which he held until his death, three years afterwards. 
 
 Robert Wright, unlike his two immediate predecessors, was a man of 
 active disposition, and took a prominent part in the political dissensions 
 which characterized the age. He was born at St. Albans in 1559, and at 
 the age of fifteen entered Trinity College, Oxford ; of which house he 
 afterwards became a Fellow. He was successively made Vicar of Sunning, 
 in the county of Berks ; of Hayes, in Middlesex ; Rector of Brixton- 
 Deverill, in Wiltshire ; Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, D. D. ; Rector of 
 Burton on the Water, in Gloucestershire ; Canon Residentiary and Trea- 
 surer of Wells, and Chaplain in ordinary to King James the First. In 
 1613 he was appointed first Warden of Wadham College, and five years 
 afterwards Rector of Rattington in Essex. The latter benefices he resigned 
 on his preferment to the See of Bristol in 1623, as he did also the Rectory 
 of Hayes, which he had been allowed to hold in commendam, in the following 
 year. 43 Bishop Wright was a liberal benefactor tu his Cathedral, and 
 effected various alterations and improvements in the episcopal palace. 4 * 
 On his translation to Lichfield and Coventry, in 1632, he surrendered the 
 
 39 See Bentham's Hist, of Ely Cath. ed. 1812, vol. i. p. 199. 
 
 40 Richardson, de Praesulibus, p. 275. 41 Church History, lib. ix. p. 134. 
 42 Athenae Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. ii. c. 861. 43 Ibid. vol. iv. c. 800. 
 
 44 Willis's Survey of the Cathed. vol. ii. p. 780 ; and Cole's MSS. Brit. Mua. vol. x. p. 92. 
 
32 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 treasurership of Wells, which he had previously held in commendam. 45 
 Wright had hitherto been distinguished only for his knowledge of literature 
 and for his skill in the discussion of the controversial doctrines of the times ; 
 but he now obtained celebrity for the ability he displayed in a different 
 sphere. Having in 1641, in conjunction with eleven more of the bishops, 
 signed the memorable protest against the proceedings of the House of 
 Commons, he was, together with his fellow prelates, committed by that 
 body to the Tower. Whilst under examination at the bar of the House, he 
 defended himself in a speech 46 so able and eloquent that, had not his judges 
 been previously determined to imprison him, he must have been acquitted. 
 The futility of the charge preferred against him was, however, sufficiently 
 proved by his release after eighteen weeks confinement without further 
 proceedings being instituted. 47 But although the arbitrary members, who 
 then composed the House of Commons, could no longer legally detain him 
 in prison, he had made too decided an opposition to their measures in his 
 defence, and had evinced too much loyalty to his sovereign, to be permitted 
 to retain his Bishoprick. Deprived of all his ecclesiastical preferments, he 
 retired to Eccleshall Hall, in Staffordshire, a seat belonging to his former 
 See. Here he did not remain undisturbed, for two years afterwards the 
 place was besieged- by the parliamentary forces, and the deposed Bishop, 
 after defending it obstinately for a length of time, was taken suddenly ill, 
 and died only two days before the house was surrendered to the rebels. 48 
 The See of Bristol was next conferred on 
 
 George Coke, D. D. Fellow of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and Rector 
 of Bigrave in Hertfordshire, who was consecrated on the 10th of February, 
 
 1632. 49 He held this Bishoprick only four years, being translated to 
 Hereford, and died in low circumstances, at Quedgeley, in December, 
 
 1646. 50 He is stated to have been " a meek, grave, and quiet man, much 
 beloved of those who were subjected to his jurisdiction." 51 His successor, 
 
 45 Athenae Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. c. 800. 46 Afterwards printed in one sheet, 4to. 
 
 47 Carte's Hist, of England, vol. iv. p. 395. 48 Richardson, de Praesulibus, p. 326. 
 
 4 9 Richardson, de Praesulibus, p. 565. 50 See Rees's Heref. Guide, ed. 1827, p. 124. 
 
 51 Biographia Britannica, by Kippis, vol. iii. p. 676. 
 
BISHOPS SKINNER, WESTFIELD, AND HOWELL. A.D. 1637-1660. 33 
 
 Robert Skinner, D.D. is erroneously stated by Wood to have been a 
 native of Pitsford in Northamptonshire ; but Mr. Baker shews that his 
 father took possession of that rectory after the birth of his son. 52 In 1607, 
 at the age of sixteen, he was admitted a scholar of Trinity College, Oxford, 
 of which, six years afterwards, he became a Fellow. In July, 1637, he 
 was elected Bishop of this See; and in 1641 was translated to that of 
 Oxford. Soon afterwards, joining in the protest against the proceedings 
 of Parliament, he was impeached of high treason and lodged in the Tower, 53 
 whence being released, he retired to the rectory of Launton, and there 
 remained in seclusion until the Restoration, when he returned to his 
 Bishoprick. 54 In 1663, he was translated to the See of Worcester, which, 
 it is said, he had long desired. 55 
 
 Thomas Westfield, D.D. Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge, Arch- 
 deacon of Saint Alban's, Rector of Great Saint Bartholomew's, London, also 
 of Hornsey, Middlesex, and Prebendary of Saint Paul's Church, London, 
 was preferred to this See, on the translation of his predecessor to Oxford, 
 in 1641. He was deprived of the revenues of his Bishoprick by the House 
 of Commons ; but restitution was afterwards made by a Committee of the 
 same House, who stated that he was " a man of great learning and merit." 
 He was so excellent a preacher, that Bishop King said he was born an 
 orator, but was so diffident that he never entered the pulpit without trem- 
 bling ; and upon one occasion, when going to preach before the king, he 
 fainted. Dying in June, 1644, he was succeeded by 
 
 Thomas Howell, D.D., who, according to Wood, was born in 1558 at 
 a place called the " Brynn," in Caermarthenshire ; 56 but as Fuller states, at 
 Llangammarch, near Brecknock. 57 Admitted into Jesus College, Oxford, 
 at the age of sixteen, he became a Fellow of that House, took his degrees 
 in Arts, and obtained Holy Orders. King Charles the First appointed him 
 
 52 Hist, of Northamptonsh. vol. i. p. 63. 53 Clarendon's Hist, of the Rebellion, p. 115. 
 
 s* Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. c. 842. See also Britton's Hist, of Oxf. Cathed. p. 26. 
 55 Life of Dr. John Barwick, 8vo. p. 241. See also Kennett's Register, &c. p. 401. 
 46 Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. col. 804. 5 ? Worthies of England, in Brecknockshire. 
 
 F 
 
34 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 one of his chaplains in ordinary, and soon afterwards he was presented to 
 the rectories of West Horsley, in Surrey, and of Saint Stephen's, Wal- 
 brooke, London ; proceeded D.D. ; and in 1636, was created a canon of 
 Windsor. In 1644, the king nominated him to the See of Bristol. On the 
 surrender of that city to the parliamentary forces, soon afterwards, Howell 
 was so grossly maltreated b} 7 them, that his death ensued. They stripped 
 the lead from his palace, and thereby exposed his wife to the wind and rain, 
 who was then in child-bed, and who died in consequence. They plundered 
 the house, and turned the Prelate, with a family of ten children, into the 
 streets. 58 Robbed, insulted, and maligned, he sunk under the weight of his 
 misfortunes ; and dying in 1646, was buried in the Cathedral. 59 Howell 
 has been characterised as " a man of excellent understanding, and a most 
 eloquent preacher." 60 His sermons, according to Wood, "like the waters 
 of Siloah, did run softly gliding on with a smooth stream, so that his matter 
 did steal secretly into the hearts of his hearers. He was a man not only 
 flourishing with the verdure and spring of wit, but happy in the harvest of 
 a mature understanding, and judicious in matters politick, both ecclesiastical 
 and civil, one who like Diogenes confuted the enemies of his function and 
 not his person, by circumspect walking." 61 In 1660 this See was con- 
 ferred on 
 
 Gilbert Ironside, D.D. who being a man of wealth, independently of 
 ecclesiastical preferments, was considered best calculated to maintain the 
 episcopal dignity with the reduced revenues of the Bishoprick. He was 
 born at Hawksbury, in Oxfordshire, in 1588 ; was admitted a scholar of 
 Trinity College, Oxford, at the age of eighteen ; became Fellow of that 
 House, ten years afterwards ; and in 1619 proceeded D.D. His first bene- 
 fice was the conjoined rectory of Winterbourn-Stapleton, and Winterbourn- 
 Abbot's, in the county of Dorset, where he wrote several theological 
 treatises. On the Restoration of Charles the Second, he was made preben- 
 
 58 Barrett's Hist, of Bristol, p. 330. $9 Willis's Surv. of the Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 781. 
 60 Richardson— de Praesulibus, p. 566. 61 Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. col. 805. 
 
BISHOPS CARLETON, GOULSON, AND LAKE. — A. D. 1671-1685. 35 
 
 dary of Tockerington, in the county of Northumberland, and advanced to the 
 See of Bristol. 62 Dying in 1 67 ] , 
 
 Guy Carleton, D.D., or Charlton, was appointed his successor. He 
 received his education at the free-school in Carlisle ; whence he was sent, 
 in 1621, to Queen's College, Oxford, as "a poor serving child." He 
 became, successively, "Tabarder" and Fellow of his college, one of the 
 Proctors of the University, and vicar of Bucklebury, in Berkshire : but on 
 the breaking out of the civil war, having espoused the cause of his sove- 
 reign, he was deprived of his benefices by the parliamentary faction. Upon 
 one occasion, he was seized and condemned to death ; but, escaping from 
 his prison-room, in Lambeth Palace, he joined the king, at Breda. Charles 
 no sooner regained the throne, than he made Carleton one of his chaplains, 
 preferred him to the deanery of Carlisle, and obtained for him a prebendal 
 stall in Durham Cathedral. The latter benefice, together with the rectory 
 of Wolsingham, in the county of Durham, he retained in commendam with 
 the See of Bristol. In 1678 he was translated to Chichester, and was 
 succeeded by 
 
 William Goulson, D.D. of Saint John's College, Cambridge, 63 who is 
 said to have obtained this Bishoprick by promising to annex to it, for the 
 benefit of his successors, the rectory of Symondsbury, in Dorsetshire, of which 
 he was the patron ; a promise which he afterwards refused or neglected to 
 fulfil. 6 * Dying in 1684, he was succeeded by 
 
 John Lake, D.D. of Saint John's College, Cambridge, who had previ- 
 ously presided over the diocess of Sodor and Man. In the following year 
 he was preferred to that of Chichester; 65 and in 1688, was committed to 
 the Tower, with six other Bishops, for having subscribed a petition to the 
 king, expressive of their aversion to disseminate throughout their respective 
 diocesses, his Majesty's declaration for liberty of conscience: 66 he was, how- 
 ever, soon released. On the accession of King William the Third, Lake 
 
 64 Kennett's Register and Chronicle, p. 328. 331. 
 
 65 Athenae Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. iv. col. 866, et seq. 
 
 64 Richardson — de Praesulibus, p. 567. g 5 Athen. Oxon. ut supra. 
 
 66 Gutch's Collectanea Curiosa, vol. i. p. 353. 
 
 F 2 
 
36 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 was one of the Prelates who refused to take the oaths of allegiance and 
 supremacy, and was consequently deprived of his Bishoprick. He died in 
 the same year, and his successor in this See, 
 
 Sir Jonathan Trelawney, Bart, D.D. was consecrated in November, 
 1685 : three years afterwards, he was translated to the See of Exeter, and 
 thence, in 1707, to that of Winchester. 67 
 
 Knightly Chetwood, Dean of Gloucester, and Archdeacon of York, 
 was nominated by King James to the vacant Bishoprick in 1688; but the 
 appointment was not confirmed, and 
 
 Gilbert Ironside, D.D. of Wadham College, Oxford, the son of a pre- 
 ceding Bishop of the same name, was preferred. Having accepted the 
 Bishoprick of Bristol, on condition of being removed to a better when a 
 vacancy should occur, he was, in 1691, promoted to that of Hereford, 6 " and 
 
 John Hall, D.D. was appointed his successor, and received conse- 
 cration on the 30th of August in that year. He entered Pembroke College 
 Oxford, in 1617, took his degrees in arts, was successively made Master of 
 his College, and Rector of Saint Aldate's, proceeded D.D., and was elected 
 Margaret Professor in the University. He presided over the diocess of 
 Bristol with great credit upwards of eighteen years, and dying at Oxford in 
 February, 1709, was buried in St. Aldate's Church. 69 He bequeathed his 
 library to Pembroke College, and, amongst other charitable donations, left 
 a legacy of seventy pounds, yearly, for the purchase of Bibles to be dis- 
 tributed in the diocess of Bristol. 70 
 
 John Robinson, D. D., the succeeding Bishop, was a native of Cleasby, 
 near Richmond, in Yorkshire ; and at Oriel College, Oxford, he gained 
 much celebrity for his learning and skill in theological controversy. Having 
 accompanied an embassy to Sweden, he exhibited so much talent that he 
 
 6 ? For an account of this Bishop, see Britton's History of Exeter Cathedral, p. 76 ; and also his 
 History of Winchester Cathedral, p. 128. 
 
 08 Athense Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. iv. col. 897. 
 G9 Willis's Surv. of the Cath. vol. i. p. 783. 
 
 70 Evans's Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol, p. 246 ; in which it is stated that 
 Bishop Hall " began the annual feast of the clergy and sons of the clergy." 
 
BISHOPS ROBINSON AND SMALRIDGE. — A. D. 1709-1719. 
 
 37 
 
 was appointed envoy extraordinary, and at length ambassador to that court, 
 where he remained from 1683 to 1708, having represented four successive 
 sovereigns. 71 During his residence abroad he wrote " An Account of 
 Sweden, as it was in 1688, together with an Extract of the History of that 
 Kingdom," 72 8vo. 1711. Returning to his native country, Queen Anne, as 
 a compensation for his long and valued services, caused him to be appointed 
 Dean of Windsor, Registrar of the Order of the Garter, 73 and Prebendary 
 of Canterbury : on the death of Bishop Hall, he was preferred to the See 
 of Bristol. In 1711, he was made Lord Privy Seal, one of the plenipo- 
 tentiaries for the treaty of Utrecht, a privy counsellor, and a commissioner 
 for the completion of Saint Paul's Cathedral. Three years afterwards he 
 was translated to the Bishoprick of London, which he held until his death, 
 in 1723. 7 * 
 
 George Smalridge, D. D., the next Bishop, was the son of a dyer at 
 Lincoln, and was sent to Westminster School by Mr. Ashmole, who 
 afterwards supported him at Christ Church College, Oxford. He there 
 distinguished himself by his proficiency in learning, and was selected to 
 join in the controversy with Drs. Aldrich and Atterbury in defence of the 
 Protestant faith, against Obadiah Walker. His first ecclesiastical prefer- 
 ment was to the Chapel of Tothill Fields, Westminster ; and soon after- 
 wards he obtained a prebendal stall in Lichfield Cathedral. He was sub- 
 sequently appointed lecturer of Saint Dunstan's in the West, London ; 
 and in consequence of the reputation which he there gained, was succes- 
 sively presented to the canonry of Christ's Church, the deanery of Carlisle, 
 and the deanery of Christ's Church ; the last of which he held in com- 
 mendam with the See of Bristol, to which he was appointed in April, 1714. 
 Queen Anne subsequently made him her almoner. Queen Caroline continued 
 to patronize him, and after his death, in 1719, settled on his widow, (who 
 
 7 1 Richardson — <le Praesulibus, p. 199. 
 
 7 2 This is sometimes printed with Lord Mollesworth's " Account of Denmark." 
 
 7 3 Pote's History of Windsor Castle, p. 411. 
 ? 4 Richardson — de Praesulibus, p. 199. 
 
38 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 had published and dedicated to her, sixty of her husband's sermons), an 
 annuity of 300/. 
 
 Hugh Boulter, D. D., a prelate alike distinguished for his learning and 
 talents, was next appointed. Born in London, he received the rudiments of 
 his education at Merchant Taylors' School, was admitted a commoner of 
 Christ's Church, Oxford, and immediately after the Revolution was elected a 
 Demi, and afterwards Fellow of Magdalen College in that University. In 
 1700, Sir Charles Hedges, principal secretary of state, appointed him his 
 chaplain ; and soon afterwards, Tenison, Archbishop of Canterbury, intro- 
 duced him to the notice of the Earl of Sunderland, who obtained for him 
 the rectory of Saint Olave's, Southwark, and the archdeaconry of Surrey. 
 When King George the First visited Hanover, in 1719, Boulter accom- 
 panied him as chaplain, and acquitted himself so much to the satisfaction of 
 his majesty, that he intrusted to him the education of Prince Frederick, 
 and promoted him to the See of Bristol. In 1724, he was nominated to the 
 metropolitan See of Armagh, in Ireland, which he at first refused. The king 
 and the ministry, however, thought that his "judgment, moderation, and 
 wisdom, " would tend to tranquillize the minds of the Irish, then much 
 agitated, and prevailed on him to accept the arduous office. In seasons of 
 scarcity he was more than once instrumental in averting pestilence and 
 famine. To the clergy of his diocess he was extremely liberal, supporting 
 many of their sons at College, and providing for their widows ; and to 
 his exertions the incorporated " Society for promoting English Protestant 
 Working Schools," in Ireland, owes its institution. Dying in London, in 
 June, 1742, he was interred in Westminster Abbey Church, where a 
 monument was erected to his memory. His successor in the See of 
 Bristol was 
 
 William Bradshaw, D.D., a native of Monmouthshire, rector of Fawley, 
 in Berkshire, prebendary of Canterbury, and dean of Christ's Church, Oxford. 
 He presided over the Bishoprick eight years, and dying at Bath, in 1732, was 
 buried in his own Cathedral. 
 
 Charles Cecil, D.D. of Christ's Church, Oxford, the next Bishop, was 
 
BISHOPS CECIL, SECKER, GOOCH, AND BUTLER. A. D. 1732-1752. 39 
 
 appointed in January, 1732 ; and being translated to the See of Bangor, 
 two years afterwards, was succeeded by 
 
 Thomas Secker, LL. D. of Exeter College, Oxford ; of whom a memoir 
 has been given in the " History, &c. of Canterbury Cathedral." 
 
 Thomas Gooch, D.D., his successor, was elected Bishop in May, 1737, 
 but was translated to Norwich in the following year. 
 
 Joseph Butler, LL. D. one of the most distinguished prelates of the 
 eighteenth century, was next preferred. He was the son of a shopkeeper 
 at Wantage, in Berkshire, where he was born in 1692. Procuring admis- 
 sion, as a commoner at Oriel College, Oxford, in 1714, he took holy orders, 
 and four years afterwards was appointed preacher at the Rolls Chapel, 
 London. His patron, Mr. Talbot, on his death-bed, recommended him to 
 the especial notice of Bishop Talbot, who presented him to the rectory of 
 Houghton, near Darlington. His friend, Mr. Secker, in a conference with 
 Queen Caroline, introduced the name of Butler to her majesty, who, on a 
 future occasion, inquired of Archbishop Blackburne, if he was not dead ? 
 " No, madam !" replied the Archbishop, " but he is buried :" alluding to 
 his retired life. Butler was made chaplain to Lord Chancellor Talbot, and 
 presented by him to a prebendal stall in Rochester Cathedral. In 173C he 
 was appointed clerk of the closet to Queen Caroline ; and about the same 
 time he presented to his royal mistress a treatise entitled ft The Analogy 
 of Religion, natural and revealed, to the Constitution and Course of Nature." 
 In 1738 he was promoted by the king to the Bishoprick of Bristol, and two 
 years afterwards the deanery of Saint Paul's, London, was bestowed on 
 him. Whilst presiding over the diocess of Bristol, he expended, in 
 repairing and improving the episcopal palace, upwards of four thousand 
 pounds, which is said to have been more than the whole revenue of the 
 See amounted to, during his prelacy. 75 In 1752 he was translated to 
 
 75 Whilst the palace was undergoing repairs, in 1744, the floor of one of the rooms fell in, 
 beneath which was a close apartment, or cell, containing many human bones and iron instru- 
 ments. A narrow arched passage, coeval with the building, was also found in the thickness 
 of the wall, one end terminating in the dungeon, and the other in an adjacent room. Both 
 entrances had been carefully closed up. — Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 285. 
 
40 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Durham, which he held until his death, at Bath, two years afterwards. 
 " On the greatness of Bishop Butler's intellectual character," observes his 
 biographer, " we need not enlarge; for his profound knowledge, and the 
 prodigious strength of his mind, are amply displayed in his incomparable 
 writings. His piety was of the most serious and fervent, and perhaps 
 somewhat of the ascetic kind ; his benevolence was warm, generous, and 
 diffusive." 76 
 
 John Conybeare, D.D., his successor in the See of Bristol, was ad- 
 mitted to Exeter College, Oxford, in 1 707 ; and two years afterwards 
 became Probationary Fellow. He subsequently entered into Holy Orders, 
 and obtained the curacy of Fetcham, in Surrey, where he remained about a 
 year. Returning to Oxford, he became a tutor, and was so noted as a 
 preacher, that Saint Mary's Church was exceedingly crowded whenever he 
 officiated. Two of his sermons, " On the Nature, Possibility, and Certainty 
 of Miracles," and on " The Mysteries of the Christian Religion credible," 
 recommended him to the notice of Dr. Gibson, Bishop of London, by whom 
 he was appointed one of his majesty's preachers at Whitehall. Lord Chan- 
 cellor Macclesfield, in 1724, conferred on him the rectory of St. Clement's, 
 in Oxford. He wrote a " Defence of revealed Religion," in opposition to 
 Dr. Tindal's famous deistical book, entitled " Christianity as old as the 
 Creation ;" which Warburton called " the famous edifice of impiety," the 
 pillars of which " all other writers have left standing," but which he had 
 overturned. 77 The reputation he gained by this publication, induced the 
 Bishop of London to solicit and obtain for him the deanery of Christ's 
 Church, in 1732. It was not until 1750 that Conybeare obtained the higher 
 honours of his profession, when he was preferred to the vacant See of 
 Bristol. Dying, at Bath, five years afterwards, he was interred in his own 
 Cathedral. '' Bishop Conybeare's character appears to have been, in every 
 view of it, respectable and excellent. Whilst he was a firm and faithful 
 adherent to the doctrine and constitution of that church of which he was so 
 
 76 Biographia Britannica, by Kippis, vol. iii. p. 94, et seq. 
 
 77 Warburton's Letters, 8vo. p. 267. 
 
BISHOPS HUME, YONGE, NEWTON. A.D. 1774-1782. 
 
 41 
 
 eminent an ornament, he was candid in his sentiments, and friendly in his 
 conduct with regard to Protestant dissenters." 78 
 
 John Hume, D.D. of Christ's Church College, Oxford, succeeded to 
 the See of Bristol, and two years afterwards was translated to Oxford. 
 In 1774 he was promoted to Salisbury. 79 
 
 Philip Yonge, D.D., his successor, Fellow of Trinity College, Cam- 
 bridge, Vicar of Arrington in Cambridgeshire, Public Orator in the Univer- 
 sity, Rector of Loughton, in the county of Bucks, Master of Jesus College, 
 Cambridge, Vice-chancellor of the University, Prebendary of Westminster, 80 
 Canon Residentiary of Saint Paul's, London, and Rector of Therfield in 
 Hertfordshire, has been noticed in the History of Norwich Cathedral ; to 
 which See he was translated in 1774. 
 
 Thomas Newton, D.D. of Trinity College, Cambridge, the next Bishop, 
 was the son of a wine-merchant at Lichfield; and in 1744, being then forty 
 years of age, was preferred by the Earl of Bath to the rectory of Saint 
 Mary-le-Bow, London, having previously officiated as chaplain to that 
 nobleman, and as morning preacher at the Chapel in Spring Gardens. Six 
 years afterwards, he was chosen lecturer of Saint George's, Hanover 
 Square: in 1749, he re-published, in two volumes, quarto, with notes, Milton's 
 " Paradise Lost," which was so favourably received, as to pass through eight 
 editions. This was succeeded, after an interval of three years, by the 
 " Paradise Regained," and Milton's Minor Poems. In the winter of 1754, 
 the first volume of a " Dissertation on the Prophecies," the most interesting 
 and popular of all his works, was ushered into the world. Two years 
 afterwards, he was appointed chaplain to the king; in 1757, made prebendary 
 of Westminster, and about the same time, sub-almoner and precentor of the 
 Cathedral of York. He was preferred to the See of Bristol, in September, 
 1761, and at the same time was made residentiary of Saint Paul's Cathedral, 
 London. On his promotion to the deanery of the latter church in 1708, 
 he resigned the residentiaryship and his other benefices, but retained the 
 
 ? 8 Biographia Britannica, by Kippis, vol. iv. p. 89, et seq. 
 
 7 9 See the Author's History, &c. of Salisbury Cathedral. 
 
 80 Cole's MSS. British Museum, vol. x. p. 76. b. 
 
 G 
 
42 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 deanery, together with his Bishoprick, until his death, in 1782. He was 
 interred in Saint Paul's Cathedral, London, and a monument commemorates 
 him in Bow Church, Cheapside. 
 
 Lewis Bagot, D.D. was promoted to the vacant See, in March, 1782, 
 but was in the following year translated to Norwich. 
 
 Christopher Wilson, D.D. of Catharine Hall, Cambridge, Prebendary 
 of Westminster, next succeeded; and dying in 1792, 
 
 Spencer Madan, D.D. who has been noticed in the History of Peter- 
 borough Cathedral, was appointed his successor ; and after him 
 
 Henry Reginald Courtenay, D.D. was, in 1794, preferred to the 
 Bishoprick : he was translated to Exeter, three years afterwards, (in the 
 History of which Cathedral a brief memoir of him has been given). 
 
 Folliot Herbert Walker Cornwall, D.D. Dean of Canterbury, suc- 
 ceeded. In 1802 he was translated to the See of Hereford ; and thence, in 
 1808, to that of Worcester; over which Diocess his lordship now presides. 
 
 The Hon. George Pelham, D.D. the next Bishop, has been mentioned 
 in the History of Exeter Cathedral. His successor, 
 
 John Luxmore, D.D. then Dean of Gloucester, was installed in this 
 Bishoprick in August, 1807; in the following year he was removed to 
 Hereford, and, in 1815, translated to St. Asaph, which he retained until his 
 decease, on the 21st of January, 1830. He was succeeded in this See by 
 
 William Lort Mansel, D.D. Master of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 The Right Hon. Mr. Perceval, when Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 
 presented him to the very valuable rectory of Barwick, in Yorkshire, and 
 subsequently promoted him to this Diocess. He died on the 3rd of July, 
 1820, and was interred in the Chapel of Trinity College, Cambridge. 
 
 John Kaye, D.D., Master of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Regius 
 Professor of Divinity in that University, was appointed to the vacant See, 
 in the year last named. On his translation to Lincoln, in 1827, 
 
 Robert Gray, D.D. a Prebendary of Durham, and formerly of St. Mary 
 Hall, Oxford, was promoted to this Bishoprick, over which his lordship still 
 presides. 
 
43 
 
 CHAP. III. 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTICES OF THE FOUNDATION AND BUILDING OF THE ABBEY 
 CHURCH, NOW THE CATHEDRAL, WITH A DESCRIPTION OF THE WHOLE 
 EDIFICE AND OF ITS VARIOUS PARTS, ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS OF 
 THE GROUND PLAN, GEOMETRICAL ELEVATIONS, AND VIEWS. 
 
 The Ground Plan shews the arrangement, extent, and sub-divisions of the 
 present church ; whilst the annexed views, and geometrical elevations and 
 sections display the varied styles, or distinct architectural features which 
 prevail in different parts of the fabric. It will be seen by the plan that the 
 present edifice is only a fragment or portion of a complete conventual 
 church, according to the general system of laying out those buildings. 
 Here is no nave with its ailes, remaining, no porch, no western entrance ; 
 yet we may infer that the original design included all those members. The 
 arrangement of the church is singular, irregular, and made up of distinct and 
 dissimilar parts. At its western end is a transept, i. e. an open space, (a, c, 
 in ground plan) extending north and south beyond the choir and ailes. The 
 whole western extremity is closed by a wall, through which there are two 
 small door-ways, one to a closet, 25, and the other to the cloister, r. To the 
 east are five openings through lofty arches, to the elder Lady Chapel, n ; to the 
 north aile, e ; anti-choir, d ; south aile, f ; and to a sort of second transept, 
 called the Newton Chapel, g. The apartment bearing the name of the elder 
 Lady Chapel, on the north side of the church, now useless, is separated from 
 the transept by a pointed arch of several deep and bold mouldings, some of 
 which spring from detached columns ; and it has two communications to the 
 aile by open arches cut through a thick wall, in one of which is placed a large 
 altar tomb for two persons of the Berkeley family. A choir, with two ailes, and 
 a kind of chancel extending beyond the latter, constitutethe remaining open 
 
 g 2 
 
X 
 
 44 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 part of the church. The choir itself, or part used for the cathedral service, 
 extends from the organ-screen, 5, to the steps of the altar, and is fitted up 
 with stalls and seats on each side ; the bishop's throne to the south, 7, and 
 the pulpit opposite, 6. Branching from the eastern end of the south aile is a 
 vestibule, n, of singular architectural design, and a vestry, o. At the extre- 
 mity of the southern side of the transept, but entered from the cloister, is the 
 chapter-room, p, with a vestibule, or portico of entrance, q. Of the cloister, 
 r, only two sides remain, bounding the east and southern sides of the area. 
 By the Plan it is seen that there are stairs at the south end of the transept, 
 24, which lead to an apartment over the vestibule to the chapter-house. 
 
 Of the precise dates and ages of the different portions of the church and 
 its appendages we have no certain evidence ; but from the marked styles of 
 architecture that prevail in those parts, from masonic execution, and from 
 documentary testimony, we shall be enabled to ascertain with tolerable 
 precision the eras of each distinct and peculiar part of the building. 
 
 It is at once amusing and vexatious to peruse the statements of different 
 writers, some of high repute, respecting the architectural history of this 
 edifice. Even Bishop Lyttleton, who obtained the reputation of being 
 learned and acute in subjects of this kind, has given publicity to some 
 confused notions on the character of the church. He says it "appears to 
 be one and the same style of building throughout, and no part older than 
 Edward the First's time, though some writers suppose that the present 
 fabric was begun in King Stephen's time ; but not a single arch, pillar, or 
 window agrees with the mode which prevailed at that time. Indeed, the 
 lower part of the chapter-house walls, together with the door-way and 
 columns at the entrance of the chapter-house, I should pronounce of that 
 age, or rather prior to King Stephens reign, being true Saxon Architecture." 
 Another writer, who is not a little self-sufficient and dogmatical, thinks the 
 elder Lady Chapel may be of Fitz-Harding's time, and consequently part of 
 the original church, and that the remainder was erected by Abbot Knovvle 
 between 1311 and 1332. The same author reprobates, in terms both intem- 
 perate and unwarrantable, all other writers who apply the phrase " Norman 
 Architecture" to buildings which were raised by the Normans either on the 
 
NORMAN ARCHITECTURE — POINTED ARCHES. 
 
 45 
 
 Continent or in Britain. The best comments on, and refutation of such 
 dogmas, are historical data, rational description, and correct illustration. 
 
 The engraved Ground Plan shews three gradations of tint, intimating 
 so many positive varieties, or eras, in the ages of the edifice. The darkest 
 colour, in the walls of the chapter-house, and the wall branching from its 
 north-western angle, with the cells at 26, indicates the oldest part of the 
 fabric : the next is the elder Lady Chapel ; whilst nearly all the remainder 
 seems to be of a later time, and very nearly of one style and age. It is not, 
 however, easy to explain or account for these disjointed and dissimilar 
 portions of the church. In the Chapter-house, as in the lower part of the 
 abbey gate-house, at the south-west angle of the Green, 1 and in some door- 
 ways of the palace, we perceive specimens of truly Norman Architecture, 
 in arches, columns, capitals, windows, and string courses ; and these may 
 be referred to the first, or original monastic foundation, which, as already 
 stated, must be ascribed to Robert Fitz-Harding, in 1142. About that 
 time many large churches and abbeys were erected in England, as well as 
 in Normandy ; for it was an age of monachism and fanaticism. During the 
 reigns of Henry I., Stephen, and Henry II. no less than three hundred 
 monasteries were founded in this kingdom ; many important and interesting 
 remains of which are still extant to shew the improved and progressive styles 
 of architectural design and execution. In the latter reign we find very early, 
 if not the first, examples of pointed arches. The vestibule to the chapter-room 
 shews an instance where the form is very decided and very perfect, yet all 
 its mouldings and members are of the circular style and character. This arch 
 is shewn in Plate iv. b, a, and it forms nearly an equilateral triangle from 
 the points of springing with the apex. The plan, view, and section of this 
 approach to the chapter-room, will clearly illustrate its design and archi- 
 tecture ; whilst the Ground Plan, at p ; the view, Plate hi.; the elevations, 
 Plate iv. a, c; and the section, Plate ix. a, will display the arrangement, 
 
 1 This building is illustrated and described in " The Architectural Antiquities of Great 
 Britain," vol. iii. 
 
46 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 size, architectural character, and ornamental details of the chapter-room. 
 The annexed wood cut shews the forms of the capitals, bases, columns, 
 rib-mouldings, string course, and unusual tracery on the walls at the centre 
 of the north side of this room. 
 
 PART OF THE CHAPTER ROOM. 
 
 7\ H. Clarke, del. 6. (PUliams, sr. 
 
 It will be proper to remark that the interior view, Plate hi. has some 
 variations from the present state and appearance of the chapter-room. A 
 new boarded floor has been raised about two feet six inches above the 
 original floor, whereby the stone seat, which extended round the room, and 
 united with the walls, is entirely covered. Large openings have been made 
 in the south and east walls, in which common sash window-frames are 
 introduced, and the whole interior surface is covered with repeated coats 
 of white- wash. All these things not only greatly disfigure, but tend to 
 destroy the true architectural character and effect of an ancient apartment, 
 which, in its original state, must have been one of the most interesting of the 
 kind in the kingdom, and perhaps in Europe. Though it has been thus 
 sadly barbarised, it may be easily restored, and thus rendered an object 
 
CHAPTER-ROOM 
 
 ELDER LADY CHAPEL. 
 
 47 
 
 of admiration and delight to every lover of Christian Architecture. Let us 
 indulge the hope that this improvement may be speedily effected. It would 
 certainly be more praiseworthy to preserve and restore the good things of 
 former ages, than it is to promote the erection of some of those tasteless 
 and fragile buildings called modern churches. In the west wall of the 
 south transept are two door-ways, one closed up, and the other open ; the 
 former of which appears to have been the original opening to the cloister, 
 whilst the latter, Plate ix. c. led to the cells marked 26 in the Plan. Next 
 in date, is the apartment called 
 
 The elder Lady Chapel, an appellation which it obtained after the 
 erection of a more modern chapel, dedicated to our Lady. The Lady, or 
 Virgin Mary Chapel, was generally at the east end of the church ; 2 and it is 
 very likely that the altar end of the present edifice was thus appropriated 
 by Abbot Knowle. It is not easy to explain how the elder Lady Chapel 
 was united with, or what part it formed of, Fitz-Harding's church ; but 
 it never could have been the original eastern termination of that fabric. 
 Its style of architecture, its form, and design, may be inferred from the 
 Ground Plan, h ; the view, Plate v. ; and the elevation of one compartment 
 on the north side, Plate vi. c. Though we have no evidence of the time 
 of the erection of this Chapel, it may be safely referred to the age of Abbot 
 David, who died in 1234. Its richly-sculptured foliated capitals, insulated 
 purbeck columns, and fancy sculptures, between the archivolt mouldings, 
 are all indicative of that age (see Plate vi. c, and iv. a, c). There is, how- 
 ever, a poverty and clumsiness in the exterior finishing of the windows which 
 betray a cobbling execution. 
 
 We have pretty good authority to ascribe most of the remaining parts of 
 the edifice to Abbot Knowle, who was preferred to the abbacy in 1306, and 
 who is represented as having begun and partly built a new church. By a 
 document in one of the registers of Worcester Cathedral, dated 1311, it 
 appears that the church of Wotton (perhaps Wotton Under-edge) was at 
 
 2 In Ely Cathedral the Lady Chapel is on the north side of, and completely detached from, 
 the church. 
 
48 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 that time appropriated to the Abbey of Saint Augustine, to augment its 
 revenues, which had been reduced by the expense of the buildings then in 
 progress. 3 
 
 This document, although couched in the exaggerated style of monkish 
 petitions, contains much truth. How far Knowle proceeded with the new 
 works is uncertain ; but it is inferred that he built the choir and its ailes, 
 the chancel, and the vestry. Abbot Newland states, that when his prede- 
 cessor commenced the new church, he also laid the foundations of the kind's 
 hall and chamber, and the fratry. Snow, the succeeding Abbot, died in 
 1341 ; and as he only, besides Fitz-Harding and his lady, was annually 
 commemorated as a benefactor, it may be presumed that he materially 
 advanced the works which had been begun by his predecessor. These were 
 afterwards suspended for want of money, and on account of a plague which 
 almost depopulated Bristol in 1348 ; nor was it until the convent obtained 
 from the Pope, through the medium of the fourth Maurice, Lord Berkeley, a 
 bull to raise collections, that there was a re-commencement of the work. This 
 bull granted forty days of pardon and release from penance to every person 
 who should hear mass on festival days in the Church of Saint Augustine, 
 (the same being then " ruinous, and in want of repair"), or should say, 
 kneeling, three Ave-Marias, or give any vestment, ornament, gold, silver, 
 book, chalice, or other charitable donation, towards the repair of the said 
 church, or should pray for the life and good estate of Maurice, Lord 
 Berkeley, Elizabeth his wife, and their family. This Maurice died in 1368. 
 The peculiar character of the architecture of Abbot Knowle's building is 
 displayed in Plates vr. a. b. — vn. — x. — and xn. 
 
 From the debts incurred by Walter Newbury, about 1428, and from 
 the style of building which prevails in the tower, it evidently belongs to 
 his time ; and was perhaps finished by his successor, William Hunt, to 
 
 3 The words of the deed are, — " Quod ecclesia ejusdem monasterii a piis ipsius fundatoribus 
 antiquis temporibus ad cultum divinum opere sumptuoso constructa dudum propter ipsius anti- 
 quitatem et debilitatem pro majori parte funditus diruta et in parte residud gravem minatur ruinam ; 
 ad cujus fabricae restaurationem plures sumptus apposuerunt et ampliores apponere oportebit in 
 opere ibidem noviter inchoato," &c. — Liber Albus Wigorniae, 6, fol. 20, in Reg. ep. Wigorn. 
 
TOWER AND SOUTH TRANSEPT. 
 
 49 
 
 whom may also be attributed the upper part of the south transept, which 
 was certainly raised upon the walls of the old Norman Church. The 
 Convent had obtained a lease, in 1466, from the Bishop of Bath and Wells 
 of one of the Dundry Quarries, whence the stone used in these parts of 
 the church is supposed to have been procured. John Ashfield was " the 
 master of the new works," from 1472 to about 1491. In the latter year 
 Prior John Martyn held that office ; and it may be concluded that most 
 of the works were from Ashfield's designs, and under his superintendence. 4 
 Other portions of the church appear also to have been completed under 
 Abbot Hunt ; for it is recorded that, in 1480, the Prior and Convent 
 granted an obiit and mass to be celebrated to his memory, " in a certain 
 new chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary, at the east end of the conventual 
 church," because the said William Hunt had not only erected at his own 
 expense " a great number of barns, houses, and other costly buildings," in 
 
 4 The white rose, the emblem of the Yorkists, appears in the windows of this part of the 
 church. The schedule of debts, in 1488, gives reason to suppose that the tower and south 
 transept were nearly finished in 1476, for in the preceding year the Abbot had advanced 
 10W. 18s. Id. ; whereas in that year he paid only 521. 2s. ; and it does not appear that the Abbey 
 afterwards incurred any additional debt. 
 
 William of Worcester gives three measures of the Abbey Church, agreeing with one another, 
 and corresponding with the remains of the building. His last memorandum must have been 
 made in or after the year 1480. He specifies the measure of the square under the tower, yet 
 says nothing of any work then going on, and evidently includes that square in the length of the 
 old church as distinct from the choir. He had before named ninety feet as the length of the nave 
 of the old church, and he now makes eighty-two gressus. By comparison with his former 
 measures of the chapter-house, and of the choir and ailes, it is found that his gressus was about 
 eighteen inches and a half, which, after deducting the tower, will leave nearly the former measure 
 for the length of the old nave. Hence it is probable that the part of the new work which was 
 commenced at the beginning of Edward the Fourth's reign had been finished, and that the 
 renovation of the northern transept was not commenced. 
 
 Ashfield, the " master of the new work," and supposed architect of the tower and south transept, 
 seems to have intended that the southern aile of the western part of the church should range 
 regularly with that of the eastern part near the choir. This is the reason why the arch between 
 the tower and Newton's Chapel rests upon corbels against the southern side ; the pier under it 
 having been cut down to widen the opening ; and for the same reason the vaulting is so planned 
 that it was evidently intended to include more than half of the north cloister in the church, when 
 the adjoining part should be rebuilt. 
 
 11 
 
50 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 the manors belonging to the monastery of Saint Augustine, but that he 
 had also " made anew the roofing of the whole conventual church, as well by 
 battlements, with stones and pinnacles decently placed round the said church, 
 as by timber, lead, and other necessaries." 
 
 In 1481 the Convent had contracted a debt with Abbot Newland of 
 242/. 19s. 8^d. ; but whether that sum had been expended in glazing the 
 windows, or in buildings, does not appear. Before the year 1492 the whole 
 church, with the exception of the northern transept, must have been nearly 
 completed, as may be inferred from the armorial bearings of Mowbray and 
 others, in the windows, from the altars, holy cross, &c. and shrines with 
 pyxes or boxes for offerings ; though as to the stalls, they " seem not to have 
 been finished till many years after, when Elliot was abbot." Although no 
 building was going on in 1492, it is evident from the account for that year 
 of " John Martyn, the master of the new work," that stone was obtained 
 from Dundry quarries, which had been let to farm for two years to John 
 Hillesly and others, on condition of furnishing forty waggon-loads of stone, 
 and lodging them on Redcliff Hill, at their own cost. The same accountant 
 charges for eighty loads of free-stone, at 2s. 6d. — 10/. — and for twenty loads 
 of " Ragges," at \2d. — 1 li. ; for the carriage of one hundred loads of free- 
 stone and " Ragges" to Redcliff Hill, and for the carriage of one hundred 
 and sixty loads thence to the porch of the old church, in the sanctuary of the 
 monastery of Saint Augustine, 53s. 4d. From a note at the foot of this 
 account it appears that there were then due to John Ashfield, late master of 
 the new works, arrears of salary for nineteen years. From a payment made 
 to the clerk and choristers of the elder Saint Mary's Chapel it is evident 
 that the choral service, which must have been transferred to that portion of 
 the church before the re-building of the new part of the edifice, still continued 
 to be performed therein in 1491, which would hardly have been the case if 
 the workmen had been then employed near the place. Hence it may be 
 inferred that the northern transept was not undertaken until after this chapel 
 was disused. From 1492 till 1498 the Convent appears to have been 
 paying off old debts : in the latter year, however, the expenses began to 
 increase ; and it is therefore probable that about that time the transept was 
 
ALTERATIONS FROM 1520 TO 1542. 
 
 51 
 
 commenced upon the old foundations : John Martyn being then master of the 
 works. This portion of the building remained unfinished until after Abbot 
 Newland's death ; and a new door-way was made into the elder Lady Chapel 
 in consequence of the unfinished and impassable state of the north transept. 
 Over this door-way are the arms of Abbot Somerset, and Newland's arms 
 appear in the vaulting of the roof of the transept. 
 
 Much money must also have been expended in the other buildings of the 
 Abbey about this time ; for the refectory and cloister, and more particularly 
 the highly-decorated superstructure over the Norman gate-way from the 
 Upper to the Lower Green, must have been chiefly executed between 1480 
 and 1520: the latter having the effigies of Newland and Elliot in niches, 
 with their arms on the pedestals by which they are supported. The arms 
 and initials of W. Burton, who was abbot from 1533 to 1537, on the upper 
 part of the present altar-screen, shew that interior decorations were going on 
 in his time, and till near the dissolution of the Abbey. (See Plate xi. 2.) 
 
 Although it is not easy to explain when and on what account the nave 
 arid aites were demolished, we may presume that it was anterior to the 
 dissolution, and that their re-erection was among the works in progress 
 by Newland, Elliot, Hunt, &c. Two arches of the nave, with clustered 
 columns, are incorporated in the large buttresses to the west of the tower 
 (f, f, in Plan) ; and at some distance from the western wall of the north 
 transept there is the base of a buttress, which indicates the termination of 
 that end of the church : but not of the Norman edifice. 
 
 In 1542, when Saint Augustine's Monastery was converted into a Cathe- 
 dral, the dilapidations which it had sustained during the three preceding- 
 years, were partly repaired, the interior was re-decorated, and the very curious 
 tracery carvings in wood which adorn the stalls of the present choir were 
 removed from their original situation, near the tower. After these alterations 
 were effected, it appears by the following extract from one of the capitular 
 registers, that the clergy eagerly endeavoured to revive the splendid and 
 gawdy ceremonies of the ancient church service : — 
 
 Md. — Rec d the first of Maye, 1555, by Cloude the Carier, of the gifte of the kinge and quenes 
 most excellent ma ,ic * to the Cath. Church of Bristol!, the Copes Vestments &c. followinge ; — 
 
 H 2 
 
52 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Imprimis in Copes, one of Rredd Satten with streaks of gold p st decon and subdecon : — 
 another of yellow velvet p st deacon and subdecon : — Another of blewe velvet p st decon & sub- 
 decon. 
 
 It. m Aulter fifronts an. of yellow velvet an. red satten w th streaks of gold : — Another of blewe 
 velvet and yellow satten. — Another of violet velvet and grene satten. 
 
 Soon after the accession of Queen Elizabeth, when orders were issued 
 for the general demolition of roods, images, and other ornaments of popish 
 worship, the following letter was addressed by three Commissioners in 
 London to the Dean and Chapter of Bristol : — 
 
 " After our hartie comendacons. — Whereas we are credibly informed that there are divers 
 tabernacles for Images as well in the fronture of the Roodeloft of the Cath 1 Church of Bristol, 
 as also in the frontures back and ends of the walles wheare the comn table standeth, for asmoch 
 as the same churche shoulde be a light and good example to th'ole Citie and Dioc. we have 
 thought good to direct these our lrCs unto you and to require youe to cause the said Tabernacles 
 to be defaced & hevven downe and after wards to be made a playne walle w ,h morter plast r or 
 otherways & some scriptures to be written in the places & namely that upon the walle on the 
 east ende of the quier wheare the comn table usually doth stande the table of the comand ts to be 
 painted in large caracters with convenient speed and furniture according to the orders latly set 
 furthe by vertue of the Quenes ma 1 ', comission for causes ecclesiasticall at the coste and chardges 
 of the said churche whereof we require you not to faile. And so we bed you farewell, ffrom 
 London the xxi 1 of December 1561." 
 
 In 1629 a new west window was made, an organ was built, and other 
 works were executed in the Cathedral, by means of voluntary contri- 
 butions. 5 During the Protectorate of Cromwell, Walter Deyos, the Mayor 
 of Bristol, evinced his intemperate zeal for the new government, by 
 causing the lead to be stripped from the Cathedral and Cloisters ; but 
 other members of the corporation took measures to prevent further demo- 
 lition, and orders were issued in January, 1655, for the sale of the lead, and 
 for the application of the proceeds to repair the building. Eight years 
 afterwards, as we learn from the Annals of Bristol, " the Cathedral Church 
 was new mended, and flourished." 7 In the year 1670 the sum of 1300/. was 
 
 5 Evans's Chronological Outline, &c. p. 176. 
 
 6 Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 286, from Tolzey Book, p. 99. 
 
 7 Bristol Memorialist, 1816-1823, p. 287. 
 
CHAPTER-HOUSE WEST END — ALTERATIONS. 
 
 53 
 
 laid out on the Church and prebendal houses, and between the years 1G81 and 
 ] 685 upwards of 300/. more in repairing the pavement, 'painting the east end 
 of the choir, and otherwise ornamenting the church. 
 
 The next alteration effected in the Cathedral was in 1713, when the floor 
 of the chapter-house was raised between two and three feet above the old 
 pavement. Four large modern sashes were at the same time inserted in place 
 of the old circular windows ; and over the door was affixed this inscription : — 
 " Capitularis hate domus reparata et ornata fuit, A.D. 1713, Honor abill et 
 Reverendo Roberto Booth, S.T.P. decano, Jucobo Hareourt, S.T.B. viee-decano, 
 Hugone Waterman, A.M. Thesaurario." 
 
 The site of the west end of the old church was leased for tenements soon 
 after the foundation of the Bishoprick : the first lease being granted in the 
 year 1583. Before that time a small tenement had been erected over the 
 arched vault, or cellar, which adjoins the south entrance into the present 
 church. It had been inhabited by William Blomer, the sub-sacrist. The 
 vault was probably the strong room of the sacristy of the old church, and 
 had been preserved and built over, after the adjacent western parts of the old 
 church had been destroyed. 
 
 The remaining space then leased was one hundred and eighteen feet long 
 by ninety feet wide ; but in that width it evidently included about eighteen 
 or twenty feet beyond the ancient church to the north, on which the stone of 
 the ruined building is now lying. The space had been then recently converted 
 into a garden and enclosed with a wall. The lease has since been frequently 
 renewed, but the Chapter have agreed never to renew it again : we may 
 therefore hope to see this area an ornamental, rather than a filthy, appendage 
 to the church. The ground on the north side of the building has accumulated 
 more than four feet in height, in consequence of which the pavement of the 
 church, as well as the walls, must always be damp. 
 
 Respecting the interior of the church, and some of its ornamental details, 
 it will be expedient to relate a few particulars. By the view of the interior, 
 (Plate xii.) the section at the east end, (Plate vii. and Plate vi. b) it 
 will be seen that the vaulting of the ailes is of equal height to that of the nave, 
 and that it exhibits a peculiar, and, I believe, unique example of construction. 
 
54 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 whence it claims the particular attention of the antiquary and the architect. 
 It is well known that the ailes of churches, in almost every instance, are 
 considerably lower than the nave and choir, which are supported, or 
 strengthened by flying buttresses, extending from the side walls of the 
 former, to other large buttresses, against the ailes : in the lofty and lighter 
 styles of architecture, as King's College Chapel, Cambridge, Henry the 
 Seventh's Chapel, and similar buildings, the outer or lateral buttresses are 
 very large and massive. In the design of the choir and ailes of Bristol 
 Cathedral the architect has adopted a novel and truly original principle : 
 and when we recollect that the artists of the middle ages were constantly 
 seeking for improvements, to vary from preceding examples, we are 
 surprised that this invention was not repeated, with new adaptations, in 
 some subsequent buildings. If this has been done, I have not met with it. 
 In the example before us, we find that the arches between the choir and 
 ailes rise as high as the central vaulting, and that the side windows of the 
 ailes correspond in height. Hence both the choir and ailes are lighted by 
 these lateral windows. This is shewn by the section, Plate vii., and also 
 in Plate vi., b. By comparing and analysing these two engravings, the 
 architect, and it is hoped also every other reader, will easily understand the 
 construction of this part of the church. These sections also, in union with 
 the view, Plate xii., display another peculiarity, which manifests at once 
 the science and fancy of the architect. To counteract the thrust of the vaulted 
 roof of the choir, and at the same time give intricacy, variety, and picturesque 
 effect to the ailes, the architect constructed a series of horizontal buttresses, 
 or beams, across these ailes, supported by arches, and sustaining insulated 
 ribs and vaulting. 
 
 In the Vestibule to the Vestry, Plate viii. marked n, in the Ground 
 Plan, there is a similar design in the ribs, which are detached from the 
 walls, and unite in a large horizontal rib under a fiat roof. The door-way 
 between this room and the vestry, Plate viii., e, with the niche over it, d ; 
 another niche at f, a small window at b, the thickness of the wall of the aile, 
 c, and a recess, forming a sort of fire place, at a, are clearly shewn in this 
 engraving, which is a section from north to south, whilst an elevation of the 
 
ALTAR AND ORGAN SCREENS. 
 
 55 
 
 south side of the same room is shewn in the same Plate, d. This side is 
 ornamented with a series of ogee arches of unusual design in the curvature of 
 the mouldings, adorned with cusps, buttresses, and finials of elaborate detail.' 
 These arches resemble the lower part of the altar screen, which has been 
 much mutilated, and as shamefully defaced by the tasteless operations of 
 some house painter. 9 In Plate vii. I have ventured to represent this screen 
 as presumed to have been originally, or as it might be appropriately restored. 
 Mr. Lysons, in " Gloucestershire Antiquities," has shewn it as made up of 
 four equal divisions, from north to south ; but by careful measurement, I find 
 this could not have been the case. The central compartment, now covered by 
 a modern altar piece, is considerably wider than the two lateral arches. On 
 the bold cornice are four fine busts, most likely portraits of King Edward I. 
 and the contemporary Lord Berkeley. 10 The upper part of this screen was 
 probably made by William Burton, as the initials W. B. are cut on it. See 
 Engraved Title Page, 2. 
 
 The organ screen appears to have been constructed when the church was 
 first fitted up for the cathedral service, and its style of architecture, armorial 
 bearings, &c. identify its patrons and age. The Tudor arms, with a dragon 
 and greyhound for supporters, with the initials H. R. — those of the Prince of 
 
 8 Mr. Lysons considered this apartment so singular and curious that he has given a large view of 
 it in the volume of etchings already referred to. Mr. Skelton has also engraved it for his " Anti- 
 quities of Bristol." The former learned antiquary says the vestry was " formerly a chapel of the 
 Berkeley family ; from the arms over the door, it appears to have been built by Thomas Lord Berkeley, 
 who succeeded to the barony in 1281, and died 15 Edward II. he being the first who added the ten 
 crosses to the chevron on the arms." The crockets on the arch moulding of the door-way to the 
 vestry are remarkable, as they rather resemble shells than leaves. 
 
 9 Few things can be more displeasing to the eye, and annoying to the feelings, than such mis- 
 application of work : painting over a fine and interesting stone screen, to imitate a piece of bad 
 theatrical scenery, is the climax of bad taste. 
 
 10 These busts are delineated in the engraved title page, Plate xi. in which are also shewn the 
 crown and royal arms, at the centre of the same screen, the arms of Berkeley, &c. The two niches 
 and canopies, in the same engraving, are from the battered screen at the eastern end of the north 
 aile : a restored representation of which, very carefully executed, is published in Skelton's " Anti- 
 quities of Bristol." 
 
56 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Wales, with E. P. — and the letters T. W. on a shield, are inserted in the 
 spandrils of the door-way. The last initials are those of Thomas Wright, 
 who was appointed receiver general for the Chapter in 1541. The screen, 
 between the choir and south aile, is covered with panelling, and has a shield 
 on the south side, with the initials of T. W. See Plate vi. b. 
 
 In the anti-choir, west of the organ screen, is a stone pulpit, presented by 
 Bishop Wright, charged with inscriptions and armorial bearings. 
 
 The Bishop's palace, on the south side of the Cathedral, is mostly of modern 
 construction, and it is related that Bishop Butler expended above 5000/. in 
 repairs and alterations : there are some Norman arches incorporated with the 
 later walls. 
 
 The Deanery, at the south west corner of College Green, is likewise of 
 modern date. Its front, towards College Green, is said to have been built, 
 or new cased, by Dean Creswick, between 1730 and 1739 : and it is reported 
 that Warburton made some alterations in the garden front and in the 
 interior. 
 
57 
 
 CHAP. IV. 
 
 AN ACCOUNT OF THE SEPULCHRAL MONUMENTS AND INTERMENTS OF 
 EMINENT PERSONS WITHIN THE CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Having detailed the chief historical events connected with the monastic 
 and Cathedral Church of Bristol, it will be expedient, in the next place, to 
 notice the tombs and monumental memorials of those persons who, during a 
 long succession of years, have been interred within its walls. 
 
 From the time of its foundation to its dissolution, the Abbey of Saint 
 Augustine was the burial-place, it may almost be said the family vault, of the 
 Berkeleys ; and several of the ancient monuments now remaining were raised 
 in commemoration of members of that house. There are in the walls of the 
 chancel, and in those of the north and south ailes of the choir, eight richly 
 ornamented recesses, locally termed " monks' cowls," (similar to that repre- 
 sented in the title-page to this volume,) which appear to have constituted 
 part of the original design, as they were evidently constructed when the 
 church was re-built, and have been successively occupied by monumental 
 effigies of persons whose rank entitled them to sepulture within the church. 
 Two of these recesses, in the north aile, and another in the south aile, either 
 never contained effigies, or they have been destroyed. 
 
 In the following notices of monuments, and of persons interred within 
 the church, a chronological order is adopted, and references made to the 
 ground plan, to point out the respective places of sepulture. 
 
 Robert Fitz-Harding died on the 5th of February, 1170, and according 
 to Dugdale, " with Eva his wife, lieth buried in the Quire of Saint Augus- 
 tine's Abbey, whereof he was the pious founder." 1 The monument usually 
 
 1 Baronage, vol. i. p. 350. — In commemoration of the Founder and Foundress, as appears 
 from Abbot Newland's roll, a special prayer was said in the Abbey at seven o'clock every 
 morning, and also daily prayers in the Chapter House. On the eve of their anniversary, the 
 Abbot performed divine rites for the soul of the Founder, and the Prior for the Foundress : and 
 the Abbey bells were tolled. On the following day, a canon's loaf of bread, called a myche, and 
 
 I 
 
58 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ascribed to these persons, under an arch between the Elder Lady Chapel and 
 the north aile, may with more certainty be referred to the third Maurice, 
 Lord Berkeley, who died in 1368, and Elizabeth his wife. 2 
 
 Near the great north door is a sepulchral stone of singular form, which 
 doubtless commemorates one of the earliest Abbots, and was probably 
 removed from the old Church. It is in the shape of a coffin lid, having 
 sculptured upon it a bald head, much defaced, and a cross fleury. 
 
 Robert, Lord Berkeley, died in 1219, and, as Dugdale states, " was 
 buried in the north aile of the Abbey over against the high altar, in a 
 monk's cowl." 3 
 
 Abbot David, who died in J 234, was buried, according to Barrett, 
 " under a marble slab, with a skull and cross-bones, near the Elder Lady 
 Chapel."* His patron, the first Thomas, Lord Berkeley, whose death 
 occurred nine years afterwards, is said to have been interred " in the south 
 aile, in that arch next to the rood altar." 5 He must necessarily have been 
 buried in the older church ; but his effigy was probably removed into the 
 present edifice and deposited in an arched recess near the west end of the 
 south aile. (20, in Plan.) The armour is mostly concealed by the surcoat, 
 which is fastened round the waist by a baldrick, whence depends a short 
 sword. The helmet is cylindrical, without a beaver ; on the left arm is a 
 
 three herrings, were given to each of one hundred poor men ; with two bushels of peas to be 
 divided amongst them. The Abbot had a cake worth 4d. with two casts of bread, and 4d. for 
 wine ; — the Prior, Sub-Prior, and Almoner, were allowed, severally, two cakes, worth 2d. each, 
 one cast of bread, and 2d. for wine ; — and to every friar of Bristol, and to every prisoner in 
 the Newgate Gaol, there was allotted a loaf. — See also Barrett's History of Bristol, p. 250. 
 
 2 In 1684, two large stones which had contained brass plates, and were supposed to have 
 covered the remains of the founder and his lady, were removed from the entrance to the choir. 
 They must, however, have commemorated some other personages, as monumental brasses were 
 not used until after Fitz-Harding's time. 
 
 3 Baronage, vol. i. p. 352. — On the vigil of his obiit, the Abbot had a cake worth 2d., two 
 casts of bread valued at \\d. and Ad. for wine. Every canon had a cake worth Id. ; and to 
 every friar of the four orders in Bristol was given a loaf. This Baron gave to the canons of 
 St. Augustine's " divers tenements, lands, and woods ; also wine for oblations at the consecration 
 of the body and blood of Christ," and endowments for " two lamps, before the high altar, and the 
 altar where our Lady's mass was celebrated." — Dugdale, ut supra. 
 
 4 History of Bristol, p. 266. 5 Dugdale's Baronage, vol. i. p. 353. 
 
MONUMENTS. A. D. 1234-1332. 
 
 59 
 
 shield, charged with the Berkeley arms; 6 and at the feet is a lion. This 
 baron is said to have incurred the displeasure of King Henry the Third, by 
 whose command he entered the order of Knights Templars. His effigy is 
 represented cross-legged. 
 
 Abbot Long died in May, 1264, and, according to Barrett, was buried 
 in the north transept. The second Maurice, Lord Berkeley, who died 
 in the year 1281, is stated by Dugdale to have been buried in the north 
 aile ; but the statue in the central recess of the south aile (19, in Plan) was 
 most likely intended for him. 
 
 The second Thomas, Lord Berkeley, was interred in this Church in 
 1321 : Jane, his first wife, died twelve years previously, and was sepul- 
 chred " in the arch betwixt the vestry and the south aile." That recess 
 (16, in Plan) was formerly open to the vestry ; but the upper part, 
 above a modern altar tomb, is walled up. The south side of the tomb is 
 seen in the vestry, and bears the royal arms (See Plate viii. 3), and those of 
 Berkeley (1 and 5), Ferrers (2), and Quincy (4). 7 As the wives of this 
 nobleman were of the two latter families, the monument may be ascribed 
 to himself and his Ladies, although it has been usually attributed to the third 
 Maurice, Lord Berkeley, who died in 1326. 
 
 Abbot Knowle, the re-founder of the Abbey, died in 1332, and to him 
 may be ascribed the effigy within the recess (11, in Plan) in the north wall 
 of the chancel. 8 It is habited " in pontificalibus," having a rich mitre, 
 which rests on a pillow supported by angels, and at the feet is a lion. 
 
 The monument formerly attributed to Robert Fitz-Harding, and Eva his 
 wife, may be assigned with more propriety to the third Maurice, Lord 
 Berkeley, 9 and his Lady, Elizabeth. It is an altar tomb of free-stone, 
 
 6 See Plate viii. b, 1 and 5, for these arms. 
 
 7 These armorial bearings, with an ornament of unusual character, are shewn in Plate viii. b. 
 
 8 See Vignette in the title-page. 
 
 9 His father, Thomas, in 1346, purchased of the Abbot of Saint Augustine's " a place for a 
 priest to dwell in ; and to pray for the souls of all the faithful departed ; endowing the priest with 
 competent lands. He also gave, in 1352, a yearly rent of 3/. 6s. 8d. to a priest to sing for the 
 soul of Margaret his wife, who died 5th May, 1337, and was buried under the arch between the 
 elder chapel of our Lady and the north isle." — Dugd. Baronage, vol. i. p. 358, 359. 
 
 i 2 
 
60 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 placed under an open arch between the Elder Lady Chapel and the north 
 aile (3, in Plan), bearing recumbent effigies of a male and a female. At 
 the sides of the tomb are canopied niches and buttresses, but sadly chipped 
 and mutilated. The male figure is habited in a mixed species of armour, 
 consisting of chain mail covered with plates ; the helmet is conical ; the 
 lower extremity of the hauberk, which descends below the surcoat, is of 
 peculiar shape, being elliptical ; the sollerets are pointed. The head rests 
 on a mitre surcharged with a cross : on the surcoat are depicted the 
 Berkeley arms. From the right and left sides depend swords, and at the 
 feet is a lion. 10 The female figure is attired in a long vest, with very rich 
 flowing drapery ; the head reclines on a cushion supported by angels ; and 
 a greyhound reposes at the feet. The roof of the arched recess, within 
 which the monument is placed, is adorned with quatrefoil panels ; and at 
 one end is an ornamented shield bearing the Berkeley arms. A modern 
 inscription states, that Robert Fitz-Harding laid the foundation of the 
 Church and Monastery in 1140, dedicated and endowed it in 1148, and 
 died in 1170. The monument was repaired and painted in the year 1742, 
 at the expense of Lady Betty Germaine. 
 
 Abbot Coke, according to Barrett, was buried in the Lady Chapel : — the 
 fourth Maurice, Lord Berkeley, was also interred in the Church, but the 
 place is not ascertained. 
 
 Sir James Berkeley, by his will dated 1404, bequeathed his body to be 
 buried in the Abbey of Saint Augustine in his father's tomb, and gave six 
 marks for a priest to celebrate divine service there for the health of his soul. 
 
 Against the east wall of the Newton Chapel is an altar tomb of gray 
 marble (21, in Plan), which formerly sustained effigies of Sir Richard 
 Newton Cradock, a Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, who died in 
 December, 1444, and of his wife. The statues were destroyed during the 
 civil wars : but the monument was repaired in 1748. 
 
 10 Mr. Gough, in bis " Sepulchral Monuments," vol. ii. part i. p. 28, lias attributed this 
 monument to Robert Fitz-Harding, who died in 1170. In an erratum he says, on the authority 
 of Mr. S. Lysons, "it is unquestionably that of Maurice, Lord Berkeley, whose death occurred 
 in 1368:" in p. 44 of the same volume, are engravings of the effigies of the second Thomas, Lord 
 Berkeley, and Jane his wife. 
 
MONUMENTS. — A. D. 1463-1618. 
 
 61 
 
 In a recess on the south side of the chancel (14, in Plan) is an effigy, 
 which has been attributed to, and was doubtless intended to commemorate 
 Abbot Newland, or Nail-hart, whose rebus and initials appear on a shield, 
 supported by angels, at the feet of the figure. 
 
 Against the north wall of the chancel (10, in Plan) is an effigy "in 
 pontificalibus," supposed to represent Abbot Morgan. 
 
 The fifth Thomas, Lord Berkeley, who died in January, 1532, by his 
 will directed that his body should be first buried in the church of Mangotts- 
 field, in Gloucestershire : and after an interval of one quarter of a year, be 
 removed to Saint Augustine's Abbey, and there interred near his first \vife> 
 Eleanor. He also directed his executors to maintain a chantry priest within 
 the Abbey for ten years, and to expend forty pounds upon a tomb. 
 
 At the east end of the north aile is a low altar tomb (30, in Plan), which 
 supports an emaciated figure of Bishop Bush, who died in 1558. The 
 head rests upon a mitre, and by his right side is a crozier. Over each 
 of the pillars is a shield bearing arms. Round the base and cornice of 
 the monument is an inscription. On a grave-stone, below the altar-steps, is 
 inscribed, " Of your charity pray for the soul of Editht Busshe, otherwyse 
 called Ashley, who deceased the 8th day of Oct. A. D. 1553." His marriage 
 with this lady caused Bush to be deprived of his Bishoprick. 
 
 On a massive altar tomb (22, in Plan) are effigies of Sir Henry Newton, 
 Knight, who died in 1599, and of Catharine, his wife, the daughter of 
 Sir Thomas Paston, of Norfolk. Underneath, are representations of six 
 children. Another ponderous monument (23, in Plan) commemorates Sir 
 John Newton, Bart., who died without issue in 1661, and whose effigy 
 is shewn in armour. 
 
 Against the south wall of the chancel (13, in Plan) is a monument with a 
 canopy supported by columns. It contains a tablet inscribed to Sir John 
 Young, Knight, Dame Joan, his wife, and their family. The former died in 
 1603, aged seventy. Two kneeling figures of men in armour, a recumbent 
 effigy of a female, and eight children in the attitude of prayer before a desk, 
 form the chief features of this memorial. 
 
 Near Abbot Morgan's effigy is a mural monument, with angels, and 
 painted effigies of a man in armour, and of a woman, both kneeling at a 
 
62 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 desk : underneath, are figures of seventeen children, also kneeling. This 
 commemorates Sir Robert Codrington, who died in February, 1618, 
 Anne, his wife, and their issue. 
 
 A monumental memorial of similar character (31, in Plan) is affixed 
 to the south wall of the north aile. It contains a recumbent figure 
 of a man, his left hand resting on a cushion, and in his right, a short 
 truncheon ; an inscription commemorates Sir Charles Vaughan, Knt. who 
 died in February, 1630: two other tablets preserve the memory of his 
 two wives, Frances, daughter of Sir Robert Knolles, who died sixteen 
 years before her husband, and of Dorothy, who survived him. 
 
 On a black marble tablet, against the north wall of the chancel, are brief 
 inscriptions to Bishop Searchfield, and Dean Chetwynd. 
 
 Beneath a grave-stone, under the east window of the north aile, are the 
 remains of Bishop Westfield, who died in 1644, and of Elizabeth his wife. 
 The word " expergiscar," on a plain stone near the bishop's throne, marks the 
 spot where his successor, Thomas Howell, lies entombed ; and Gilbert 
 Ironside, a succeeding prelate, is deposited under an adjoining stone. 
 Inscriptions on the floor of the north aile commemorate Dean Towgood, 
 and Elizabeth his wife. 
 
 A mural monument of marble, at the east end of the south aile, bears a 
 Latin inscription on Dean Booth, who died in 1730. 
 
 Bishop Bradshaw lies interred under a grave-stone near the pulpit. A 
 similar stone, in the north aile, covers the remains of the Rev. James Har- 
 court, one of the prebendaries of the Cathedral, who died in 1739, and of 
 his family. A black marble slab, at the upper end of the south aile, com- 
 memorates the Rev. J. Sutton, another prebendary, who died in December, 
 1745. A mural tablet, affixed to a pillar at the opposite extremity of 
 the aile, bears a Latin inscription to the memory of Jacob Elton, Esq. 
 captain of the Anglesea man-of-war, who was killed in an engagement with 
 the French on the 29th of March, 1745. — Two flat stones near the entrance 
 of the choir from the south aile mark the places of sepulture of Bishops 
 Butler and Conybeare. 
 
 On a marble slab, in the north aile, is an inscription to the memory of 
 Mary, the wife of the Rev. William Mason, who died March 27, 1767, 
 
MONUMENTS. — A.D. 1767-1818. 
 
 63 
 
 aged twenty-eight. A pathetic and truly poetical epitaph by her husband, 
 the author of " The English Garden," &c. cannot fail of awakening sympathy 
 and admiration in every reader of sensibility. 
 
 On a pyramidal monument in the north aile (5, in Plan) is the figure of 
 an angel seated, holding a medallion likeness of William Powell, Esq. the 
 eminent tragedian, and one of the patentees of Covent Garden Theatre, who 
 died July 3, 1769, aged thirty-three. A poetical tribute to his memory, by 
 George Colman, is inscribed upon the basement. This monument was 
 executed by J. Paine, 1771. 
 
 The memory of Nathaniel Foster, D.D. a prebendary of this Cathedral, 
 is preserved in a long Latin inscription at the south end of the chancel. 
 Foster died in 1757, in the forty-first year of his age, and had distinguished 
 himself by publishing an edition of the Hebrew Bible divested of points, 
 and by an intimate knowledge of the Latin, Greek, and Hebrew languages. 
 
 A mural tablet, in the south aile, bears some verses, by Mrs. H. More, 
 eulogizing the Rev. Samuel Love, one of the minor canons, whose death 
 occurred in 1773. 
 
 In the transept, near the north door, (i, in Plan,) is a monument by 
 Bacon, raised in commemoration of Mrs. Elizabeth Draper, the famed Eliza 
 of Sterne, who died Aug. 3, 1778. It consists of a plain basement supporting 
 a pointed arch of Sienna marble ; under the latter, standing on each side of 
 a pedestal bearing an urn, are two female figures of white marble in alto 
 relievo, meant to personify Genius and Benevolence, and a bird in the act 
 of feeding its young, said to be an attribute to the latter virtue. 
 
 A slab commemorates the death and interment of Dean Layard. 
 
 A pyramidal monument at the east end of the same aile (8, in Plan), bears 
 a long Latin inscription, commemorative of Thomas Coster, Esq., sometime 
 M. P. for the city of Bristol, whose death occurred in 1789. 
 
 In the south aile is a monument to William Gore, Esq. formerly major 
 of the thirty-third regiment of foot, and subsequently lieutenant-colonel of 
 the Bristol Volunteers, who died in July, 1814. On a basement are statues 
 in bold relief of two soldiers, supporting a medallion bust of the deceased. 
 It was erected at the expense of the volunteers whom he had commanded. 
 
 A cenotaph in the same aile, by F. Chantrey, Esq. R. A. represents a 
 
64 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 beautifully executed female figure, intended to personify Resignation. It is 
 seated on a Grecian stool, or chair, with the hands resting on the knees, and 
 the head elevated, as in the act of pious supplication. An inscription under- 
 neath records the name of Maria Elwyn, wife of William Brame Elwyn, and 
 the date of her decease, 28th of March, 1818. She was buried in the crypt of 
 St. Michael's Church, Bristol. The beauty and simplicity of this admirable 
 piece of sculpture forms a marked contrast to the monument last noticed. 
 
 In the Newton Chapel is a marble mural monument, containing a basso 
 relievo representation of a female figure, supported by an angel, to com- 
 memorate Elizabeth Charlotte Stanhope, who died on the 13th of June, 
 1816. This was executed by R. Westmacott, Esq. R.A. 
 
 A small tablet, in the floor of the cloister, marks the place of sepulture 
 of Edward Bird, Esq. R.A., a native of Bristol, who died on the 2nd of 
 November, 1819. Few of the highly gifted artists of our times made a 
 more rapid progress in his profession than the once amiable and estimable 
 man whose remains are here immured ; and who by unremitted and zealous 
 devotion to attain excellence, neglected that bodily exercise and mental 
 relaxation which are essential to health. The faithless promises of an officer 
 at court preyed heavily on his spirits at a time when sickness had weakened 
 his bodily frame, and tended to hasten his death. I knew him well, and 
 revere his memory. 
 
 Beneath the window at the eastern extremity of the south aile is a 
 handsome monument to the memory of Mary Spencer Grosett, who died at 
 Lay cock Abbey, in October, 1 820. 
 
 In a recess of the north aile (9, in Plan) is a modern monumental Statue, 
 by E. H. Bailey, Esq. R.A. It represents a female in a kneeling position, 
 with the arms folded on the bosom, and the head bent forwards, in the attitude 
 of prayer. It commemorates Harriet Isabella, wife of John Middleton, 
 Esq. of Clifton, who died the 13th of May, 1826. An examination of this 
 beautiful piece of modern sculpture and those by Chantrey and West- 
 macott, in this church, at once manifests the vast advancement in art and 
 the improved taste of the present age over that immediately preceding it. 
 
65 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE 
 BISHOPS OF BRISTOL, 
 
 WITH THE CONTEMPORARY KINGS OF ENGLAND. 
 
 BISHOPS. 
 
 Paul Bush 
 
 John Holyman 
 
 Richard Cheyney .... 
 ( John Bullingham, ) 
 I jointly with Gloue. S 
 
 Richard Fletcher 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 
 John Thomborough. 
 
 Nicholas Felton . . . 
 Roland Searchfield . 
 Robert Wright 
 
 George Coke , 
 Robert Skinner 
 
 Thomas Westfield 
 Thomas Howell . 
 Gilbert Ironside . 
 
 Guy Carleton . . 
 
 William Goulson. 
 John Lake 
 
 SSir JonathanTrelaw- ) 
 ney, Bt ] 
 
 Knightly Chetwood. . . , 
 
 Gilbert Ironside , 
 
 John Hall 
 
 John Robinson . . 
 George Smalridge , 
 Hugh Boulter . . . 
 
 Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 Cons.. .June 25, 1542 
 
 Cons.. .Nov. 18, 1554 
 Inst 1561 
 
 Inst 1581 
 
 Cons.. .Dec. 14, 1589 
 
 Inst. . .Aug. 23, 1603 
 
 Cons. ..Dec. 14, 1617 
 Cons. . .May 9, 1619 
 Cons. March 23, 1622 
 
 Cons. ..Feb. 10, 1632 
 
 Cons. . .Jan. 15, 1636 
 
 Inst. . .June 28, 1642 
 Inst. . .April 12, 1645 
 Inst. . .Jan. 17, 1660 
 
 Cons.. .Feb. 11, 1671 
 
 Cons. ..Feb. 9, 1678 
 Trans.. Aug. 12, 1684 
 
 Cons. . .Nov. 8, 1685 
 
 Not confirmed. 
 Cons ..Oct. 13, 1689 
 
 Cons.. .Aug. 30,1691 
 
 Inst. .. Feb 7, 1710 
 Cons... April 4, 1714 
 Cons... Nov. 15, 1719 
 
 Died.. .Oct. 11, 1558 
 
 Died. .Dec. 20, 1558 
 Died. .April 25, 1579 
 
 Died. .May 20, 1598 
 
 c Worcester. . 1593 } 
 < London ... 1594 [■ 
 CD. June 15, 1596 J 
 t Worcester, -\ 
 I Dec. 8, 1616 S 
 CDied July 9, 1641 > 
 
 S Ely 1618 ) 
 
 { Died Oct. 5, 1626 S 
 Died.. .Oct. 11, 1622 
 f Lichfield . . 1632 $ 
 
 ) Died 1642 S 
 
 S Hereford . . 1636 j 
 \ D. Dec. 10, 1646 \ 
 Oxford 1641 "J 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 S St.Antholin's 
 ( Ch. London. 
 Bristol 
 
 Worcester. 
 
 Bristol ... 
 Bristol . . . 
 Bristol . . . 
 
 Chichester 
 
 5 Worcester . 1663 S 
 C.D. June 14, 1670 } 
 Died. .June 25, 1644 
 
 Died 1646 
 
 Died.. Sept. 19, 1671 
 c Chichester, } 
 \ Jan. 8, 1678 S 
 ( Died July6, 1685 ) 
 Died . . April 4, 1684 
 { Chichester . 1685 ) 
 \ D.Aug. 30, 1689 S 
 s Exeter, April 13,-\ 
 > 1689 f 
 
 S Winchester, 1707 ( 
 CD.July 19, 1721 ) 
 
 r Hereford, July ") 
 29, 1691 > 
 t D.Aug. 27, 1701 J 
 
 Died . . Feb. 4, 1709 
 
 S London 1713 
 
 \ D.April 11, 1723 
 Died. .Sept. 27, 1719 Christ Ch. Oxf. 
 S Armagh ...1723 ) ™ pstminstpr 
 I Died June, 1742 } 1 eS 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Bristol Cath . , 
 
 Hanborough. . 
 Gloucester . . 
 
 Gloucester . , 
 
 London 
 
 Worcester . 
 
 < Eccleshall,co 
 I of Stafford. . 
 
 Hereford 
 
 Simondsbury.. . 
 
 SSt.Botolph's, ; 
 London. ... 
 
 I Trelawney,in 
 i Cornwall . . 
 
 St. Mary So- 
 merset, Lon. 
 
 Bromsgrove 
 Fulham. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 \ Henry VIII. 
 
 I Edw. VI. Mary. 
 
 Mary. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Jas. I. Charles I. 
 
 Jas. I. Charles I. 
 
 James I. 
 
 Jas. I. Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. 
 
 Charles I. and II. 
 
 Charles I. 
 Charles I. 
 Charles II. 
 
 Chas. II. Jas. II. 
 
 Charles II. 
 J James II. 
 ( Wm. and Mary. 
 
 r James II. 
 
 < Wm. and Mary 
 
 CAnne, &. Geo. L 
 
 i Jas. II. Wm. and 
 ( Mary, Anne. 
 
 j Wm. and Mary 
 I Anne. 
 
 Anne, & Geo. I. 
 Anne, & Geo. I . 
 George I. and II. 
 
 K 
 
66 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 No- 
 
 bishops. 
 
 William Bradshaw 
 Charles Cecill 
 
 Thomas Seeker 
 
 Thomas Gooch, 
 
 Joseph Butler , 
 
 John Conybeare , 
 
 John Hume 
 
 Philip Yonge 
 
 Thomas Newton 
 
 Lewis Bagot 
 
 Christopher Wilson . . . 
 Spencer Madan 
 
 Hen. Regin. Courtenay 
 
 F. H. Cornwall 
 
 Hon. Geo. Pelham . . . 
 
 John Luxmore 
 
 Wm. Lort Mansel . . . 
 
 John Kaye. 
 
 Robert Gray 
 
 Consecrated or Installed. 
 
 Died or Translated. 
 
 Buried at 
 
 Kings. 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 41 
 
 42 
 
 Cons. 
 Cons. 
 
 .Oct. 18, 
 .Feb. 25, 
 
 1724 
 1732 
 
 Cons... Jan. 19, 1734 
 
 Cons.. .June 12, 1737 
 
 Cons., 
 Inst. . 
 
 , Dec. 3, 
 Jan. 14, 
 
 1738 
 1750 
 
 Inst. . . July 23, 1756 
 
 Inst. , 
 Inst. 
 
 Inst. , 
 
 Inst. 
 Inst. 
 
 Inst. , 
 
 Inst. 
 
 . .Aug. 4, 
 . .Dec. 8, 
 
 , March 4, 
 
 . June 21, 
 .May 12, 
 
 . April 1 2, 
 
 . April 20, 
 
 1758 
 1761 
 
 1782 
 
 1783 
 1792 
 
 1794 
 
 1797 
 
 Inst. . . Feb. 16, 1803 
 
 Inst. 
 
 Inst. 
 Inst. 
 Inst. 
 
 .Aug. 21, 
 
 . .Sept. 3, 
 .July 17, 
 
 1807 
 
 18 
 1820 
 1827 
 
 Died . .Dec. 16, 1732 
 S Bangor ....1734 
 
 1 Died 1737 
 
 r Oxford 1737") 
 
 2 Canterbury, 1758 V 
 CD. Aug. 1, 1768 3 
 
 Norwich . . .1738 1 
 
 Ely 1748 > 
 
 Died 1754 J 
 
 Durham. ..1752 } 
 D. June 16,1754 S 
 Died . .July 13, 1755 
 r Oxford 1758} 
 
 < Salisbury . .1766 > 
 CD. July 27, 1782 3 
 f Norwich. . .1761 
 I Died 1783 
 
 Died 1782 
 
 r Norwich. . .1783-) 
 \ St. Asaph.. 1790 V 
 
 (.Died 1802.) 
 
 Died 1792 
 
 ( Peterboro. . 1794 
 l Died Nov. 8,181 3 
 
 Exeter 1797 
 
 D. June 9, 1803 
 ( Hereford . . 1802 } 
 I Worcester. .1808 ] 
 C Exeter .... 
 
 < Lincoln . . . 
 CD. Feb. 7, 
 ( Hereford . , 
 \ St. Asaph. 
 Died .June 27, 1820 
 Lincoln 1827 
 
 Bath Abbey Ch. . 
 
 Lambeth 
 
 S Cai.Col.Ch. 
 I Cambridge . 
 
 Bristol 
 Bristol 
 
 Salisbury 
 
 Westminster . . . 
 St. Paul's, Lond 
 
 St. Asaph .... 
 
 London 
 
 Peterborough . . 
 
 { S.Audley-st. 
 I Chap. Lond. 
 
 Living 
 
 1807") 
 .1820 V 
 1827 y 
 1808 ) 
 . 1815 5 
 
 London 
 
 Living , 
 
 Trin. Col. Camb 
 
 Living 
 
 Living .... , . . . 
 
 George I. and II. 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 
 George II. 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 
 George III. 
 George IV. 
 George IV. 
 
67 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF THE 
 DEANS OF BRISTOL. 
 
 WITH BIOGRAPHICAL MEMORANDA. 
 
 No 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 1 William Snow 1 • • • < 
 
 2 John Whiteheare • ■ 
 
 3 George Carew 2 •< 
 
 4 Thomas Reynolds 3 
 
 5 Henry Jolliffe • • • < 
 
 Installed, &c. 
 
 6 George Carew 
 
 7 John Sprint 
 
 8 Anthony Watson 4 
 
 9 Simon Robson 
 
 10 Edward Chetwynd 5 
 
 1 1 Matthew Nicholls • • 
 
 12 Henry Glemham • < 
 
 13 Richard Towgood 6 
 
 14 Samuel Crossman 7 
 
 15 Richard Thompson 
 
 16 William Levett 8 
 
 1 7 George Royse9 • • • ■ 
 
 Appointed- - June 4, 1542 
 Installed- -Oct. 1, 1551 
 Installed • • Nov. 5, 1 552 
 Installed 1553 
 
 Installed - - Aug:. 20, 1554 
 
 Restored - - Nov. 10, 1559 
 
 Installed . March 1, 
 Installed - - July 22, 
 Installed March 29, 
 Installed- - June 16, 
 
 Installed- 
 Installed- 
 Installed • 
 Installed • 
 Installed- 
 Installed • 
 
 June 22, 
 July 28, 
 • May 1, 
 - Mayl, 
 May 25, 
 Jan. 10, 
 
 Installed March 10, 
 
 1579 
 1590 
 1598 
 1617 
 1639 
 
 1667 
 1683 
 1684 
 1685 
 1693 
 
 Died or removed. 
 
 Deprived 
 
 • Feb. 
 
 $ Deprived • • 
 
 \ Died 
 
 ^ Resigned • • 
 
 £ Died 
 
 Died 
 
 Resigned • • • • 
 
 Died 
 
 Died 
 
 Resigned 
 
 1660 Bishop of St. Asaph 
 
 Died April 23, 
 
 Died Feb 4, 
 
 Died Nov. 29, 
 
 Died Feb. 11, 
 
 Died April, 
 
 May or June, 
 ---"-May 13, 
 
 1553 
 
 1559 
 1573 
 1570 
 1583 
 1589 
 1598 
 1617 
 1639 
 1660 
 1667 
 1683 
 1684 
 1685 
 1693 
 1708 
 
 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMORANDA OF THE DEANS. 
 
 1 The last Prior of Bradenstoke, in the county of Wilts, 
 
 2 The many and rapid promotions of this gentleman shew that he was less devoted to God than Mammon. 
 He was successively Chaplain to King Edward the Sixth; Precentor, Archdeacon, and Canon of Exeter; 
 Archdeacon of Totness ; Precentor and Prebendary of Sarum ; Prebendary of Wells and Chichester ; Chaplain 
 and Dean of the Chapel to Queen Elizabeth; Registrar of the Garter; Dean of Exeter, Christ Church, Oxford, 
 Bristol, and Windsor; Rector of Silverton, in the county of Devon ; Master of the Savoy Hospital, and Rector 
 of St. Giles's in the Fields, London, where he was buried. He was a sad waster of the patrimony of Windsor, 
 leased out every thing, and if the visitor, the Lord Keeper Bacon, had not interfered, he would have ruined 
 Windsor to provide for his family. — See an account of him in Eryth's Catalogue of the Deans and Canons of 
 Windsor at the end of Ashmole's Hist, of Berks, vol. iii. p 231. 
 
 3 Fuller names Reynolds as Dean, and he is also mentioned in the manuscript list in the Chapter-room ; but 
 Le Neve and Browne Willis omit him. 
 
 * Watson was made Bishop of Chichester in 1590 ; but held this Deanery in commendam for two years. 
 
 5 Was so much esteemed as a preacher, that, in 1007, the Mayor and Common Council of Bristol appointed 
 him their public Lecturer. In 1013 he was made Chaplain to Queen Anne ; and on the death of Dr. Robson, 
 three years afterwards, was promoted to this Deanery. — Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. ii. C. Oil. 
 
 6 After obtaining his degrees in arts, at Oxford, Towgood was made Master of the School on the College 
 Green, Bristol, and afterwards Preacher at All Saints Church in that city. In the civil wars of Charles the 
 First he was expelled from his benefice and imprisoned by the parliamentarians; but on the Restoration, was 
 rewarded by being created a Prebendarj of Bristol Cathedral, and subsequently Dean ol the same church. The 
 latter dignity he enjoyed until his death. He published several sermons which he had preached in opposition 
 to the proceedings of the parliamentary faction. — Wood's Athenae Oxonienses, by Bliss, vol. iv. c. 85. 
 
 ' Crossman had previously been a Prebendary of Bristol Cathedral. Several of his sermons were published. 
 He was buried in the south aile of Bristol Cathedral. — Wood's Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. c. 80. 
 8 Buried in Christ's Church Cathedral, Oxford. 
 
 » Rovse accompanied King \\ Hiram the Third in his expedition to Ireland, to reduce the force of King James 
 the Second. He was afterwards made domestic Chaplain to Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury, Provost of 
 Oriel College, and promoted to this Deanery. Whilst he resided at Bristol, various alterations and improve- 
 ments were made in the Cathedral. — Wood's Athen. Oxon. by Bliss, vol. iv. c. 500. 
 
 K 2 
 
68 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 No, 
 
 DEANS. 
 
 18 Robert Boothe 10 
 
 19 Samuel Creswick 
 
 20 Thomas Chamberlayne • • • 
 
 21 William Warburton 11 • • • 
 
 22 Samuel Squire 12 • • 
 
 23 Francis Ayscough 
 
 24 Putts Barton 
 
 25 John Hallam" 
 
 26 Charles Peter Layard 14 • 
 
 27 Bowyer Edward Sparke • 
 
 28 John Parsons 15 
 
 29 Henry Beeke^ 
 
 Installed, &c. 
 
 Installed- 
 Installed • 
 Installed* 
 Installed • 
 Installed- 
 Installed ■ 
 Installed ■ 
 
 Installed ■ 
 
 Installed < 
 Installed- 
 Installed 
 Installed' 
 
 •June20, 1708 
 . Sept. 8, 1730 
 
 • Dec. 24, 1739 
 
 • Oct. 25, 1757 
 
 • June 21,1760 
 . June 5, 1761 
 
 • Oct. 19, 1763 
 
 • Feb. 22, 1781 
 
 • Feb. 22, 1800 
 
 • May 28, 1803 
 ■ • Feb. 7, 1810 
 
 Died or removed. 
 
 Died 
 
 Resigned 
 
 Died ■ 
 
 Gloucester 
 
 Bishop of St. David's 
 Died 
 
 1730 
 1739 
 1757 
 1759 
 
 1761 
 
 Aug. 15, 1763 
 
 • Sept 
 •Dec 
 
 15, 
 22. 
 
 f Resigned 1800 
 
 ^Died Aug. 1811 
 
 Died May 11, 1803 
 
 Chester 1809 
 
 Peterborough Dec. 12, 1813 
 
 Jan. 1, 1814|Living 
 
 1830 
 
 10 Of this Dean, Browne Willis observes, " He has by constant residence, and through his own example and 
 interest in the Chapter, not only brought the choir service into so excellent order, that it is excelled by few 
 others ; but has ornamented the fabric to so great a degree, by annually laying out considerably upon it, as 
 may be justly confessed by a stranger that has had the satisfaction of visiting most of the principal churches of 
 England, and finds none more decently kept than this." — Survey of the Cathedrals, vol. i. p. 787. 
 
 11 For some account of this distinguished Prelate, see the Author's History of Gloucester Cathedral, p. 42. — 
 In one of Warburton's Letters to Hurd, dated Sept. 28, 1757, he says, I have just received an account that 
 Mr. Pitt has asked the Deanery of Bristol of the king for me, who has graciously nominated me to it." — In 
 another Letter, Nov. 7, after his appointment to the Deanery, he says, " Six weeks ago I was bleeded for a dizzi- 
 ness. It has hung upon me more or less ever since ; and I have been bled again. I dare say you smile and 
 think with yourself, that if all the puppies who get preferment did but undergo the same discipline, they would 
 be much less offensive to society than they are. My blood is bad." — Again, flattering himself and his sycophant 
 Hurd, he says, I am afraid that both you and I shall outlive common sense as well as learning in our reverend 
 brotherhood." Letter cxxx — Few writers were more deeply embroiled in controversy than Warburton, which 
 induced him to remark, in one of his Letters to Hurd, " 1 am wrote against on the continent both in French 
 and in Latin, but with more decency than here, at home, in Billingsgate and English." Letter exxi — " It is 
 my way to speak freely of men and things. I was born to please no party." Letter exxv. 
 
 12 Squire, who is described as a learned divine, was a native of Warminster, in Wiltshire, and obtained 
 various promotions through the patronage of Dr. Wynn, Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was advanced to the 
 Bishoprick of St. David's, which he held only five years. He was author of several works, critical, religious, 
 historical, and political. — See Chalmers's Biographical Dictionary, vol. xxviii. 
 
 13 John Hallam, father of the learned author of " View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages," &c. 
 a native of Boston, in Lincolnshire, educated at Eton, and elected from the foundation of that school to King's 
 College in 1748; obtained the bachelor's prize in 1754 for a Latin Essay on the tendency of the ancient Greek 
 Comedy, which has been considered by good judges, especially the late Dr. Parr, a specimen of elegant Latinity. 
 He became afterwards private tutor to Henry, Duke of Buccleuch ; and owed the Deanery of Bristol to the 
 interest of that family, having previously become Canon of W indsor, in 1775, through the private friendship 
 of Lord North. Dr. H. married a lady of an old family in Monmouthshire, sister of the Rev. Dr. Roberts, 
 Provost of Eton, and author of some poems of merit. Though Dr. H. was much esteemed for his classical 
 learning, and as a preacher, as well as on account of the unblemished probity and purity of his character, he 
 never published any thing. In consequence of ill health, and other reasons, he resigned the Deanery of Bris- 
 tol in 1799, and died at an advanced age in 1811 at Windsor, where a Latin epitaph to his memory may be read 
 in the Bray Chapel. 
 
 14 Dean Layard was a popular preacher, but from a volume of posthumous sermons it is evident that he made 
 free with the writings ol his predecessors, without due acknowledgment. He died of the gout in his stomach. 
 Evans, in his Chronological Outline, &c. p. 231, relates a silly story about him and the brass eagle belonging to 
 the Cathedral. 
 
 15 For an account of Dean Parsons, vide History, &c. of Peterborough Cathedral. 
 
 16 The present worthy and learned Dean has greatly contributed to promote scientific and literary inquiries in 
 Bristol. He was Regius Professor of Modern History and Languages in Oxford from the year 1801 to 1813. 
 
69 
 
 A 
 
 LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS, 
 
 WHICH HAVE BEEN PUBLISHED RELATING TO THE 
 
 ABBEY OF ST. AUGUSTINE'S, AND BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 ALSO A LIST OF 
 
 PRINTS OF THE CHURCH, 
 
 AND 
 
 ENGRAVED PORTRAITS OF ITS BISHOPS. 
 
 THIS LIST IS SUBJOINED TO GRATIFY THE BIBLIOGRAPHER, THE CRITICAL ANTIQUARY, AND 
 THE ILLUSTRATOR; AS WELL AS TO SHEW, AT ONE VIEW, THE SOURCES WHENCE THE 
 CONTENTS OF THE PRECEDING PAGES HAVE BEEN DERIVED, AND THE FULL TITLES OF THE 
 WORKS REFERRED TO IN THE NOTES. 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS, BOOKS, AND ESSAYS. 
 
 The unpublished Collections relative to the History of Saint Augustine's Monastery are by no 
 means numerous. It is generally understood that when that house was dissolved, the Berkeley 
 family, as the descendants of the Founder, obtained possession of all its muniments ; and there 
 is now preserved in Berkeley Castle a record, called " Abbot Newland's Roll," being a concise 
 history of the Abbey, and of the family of its founder, from the reign of Henry the Second to 
 that of Henry the Seventh. 
 
 In Berkeley Castle there are three folio volumes in manuscript, completed and finished in 
 1628 by the Rev. John Smythe, who was Steward to the Lords of Berkeley, and held the living 
 of North Nibley in Gloucestershire. These volumes contain "a most minute account of the works 
 of piety and achievements in arms of the Berkeleys ; their munificence; their public employments; 
 the splendour and hospitality in which they lived ; their property and law-suits ; their domestic 
 economy, sometimes even to a detail of their dinners ; the number of their servants and men at arms ; 
 their dresses, amusements, and the like." — Seyer's " Memoirs of Bristol," Preface. See also 
 Fosbroke's " Berkeley Manuscripts." 
 
 There are also, in the same repository, a similar roll in Latin, containing a list of the Abbots of 
 Saint Augustine's; and an original Chartulary of the Abbey. The latter is a small folio, or large 
 quarto, of vellum, about two inches thick, marked No. 2.5, and called the Red Book. 
 
 The Dean and Chapter of Bristol have in their possession a Roll containing the Computi, or 
 accounts of the monastic officers, for one year, commencing at Michaelmas, in the seventh of Henry 
 the Seventh, 1491, and ending at the following Michaelmas, 1492. 
 
 On the Originalia Roll, in the Exchequer, A° 26 Hen. III. r. 7, is a mandate to the sheriff 
 of Gloucester to seize and appropriate to the king the Abbey of Saint Augustine, and to retain the 
 sanie until, &c. 
 
 The Patent Roll, A° 23 Edw I. m. 11, bears a grant of lands and privileges made to the Abbot 
 and Canons ; and a similar document is recorded on the Patent Roll, A" 5 Edw. II. m. 19. 
 
 Cole's MSS. in the British Museum, vols. x. xvi. and xxvii. contain various miscellaneous notices 
 of the Abbey, Abbots, Bishops, and Deans. 
 
 In Smythe's " Lives of the Berkeley s," compiled from the muniments of that family, and 
 published by the Rev. T. D. Fosbroke, M. A. 4to. 1821, are many incidental notices of the Abbots 
 and of the monastic affairs of Bristol. 
 
70 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Dugdale's " Monasticon Anglicanum," vol. ii. edit. 1661, p. 232, 233, contains the Founda- 
 tion Charter of Robert Fitz-Harding ; some verses relative to that personage, from Robert of 
 Gloucester's Chronicle; — Pat. 2 Ed. II. p. 2, m. 29, reciting and confirming the Charters of 
 Henry, Duke of Normandy, Robert Fitz-Harding, and John, Earl of Morton. 
 
 Dugdale's " Baronage," vol. i. p. 350-368, contains various notices of donations made to the 
 Canons of Saint Augustine's by the Berkeleys, and of the interments of members of that family 
 within the Abbey. 
 
 Stevens, in his " Supplement to the Monasticon," vol. ii. p. 140, gives a list of the Abbots; 
 and in Willis's " Account of the Conventual Cathedral Churches," affixed to his " History of the 
 Mitred Parliamentary Abbeys," vol. i. p. 226. 229, is a similar list. 
 
 In " Rymers Fcedera" are the following documents, vol. v. p. 246 : — Pat. 15 Edw. III. p. 1, 
 m. 13. Writ excusing the Abbot from attendance in Parliament, "because he holdeth not by 
 Barony, nor is his Abbey of royal foundation;" — vol. xiv. p. 748. Pat. 34 Hen. Fill. p. 10, 
 m. 26 — Charter of erection of the Bishoprick ; — vol. xv. p. 77 : —Pat. 37 Hen. VIII. p. 9, m. 25 — 
 As to the distribution of 401. yearly in alms by the Dean and Chapter ; — Ibid. p. 370 — Commission 
 to deprive Paul, Bp. of Bristol, A. D. 1554;— Ibid. p. 459 :—Pat. 3 and 4 Phil, and Mary, p. 10, 
 m. 24 — Discharging John, Bp. of Bristol, from first fruits and tithes on account of his Bishoprick ; — 
 vol. xvi. p. 524 — For John Thornborough, Bp. elect, to hold in commendam a Deanery and Prebend 
 in the Church of York, on account of the poverty of this Bishoprick. 
 
 William of Worcester, in his " Itinerary," by Nasmith, 1778, describes the dimensions of 
 St. Augustine's Sanctuary, p. 188; of the Abbey Church, 233; and of the chapels, offices, 
 &c. 289. 
 
 Leland's " Itinerary," vol. v. fol. 64, vol. vi. fol. 49, and vol. vii. part ii, fol. 69, b. 70, and 
 71, b., and Collectanea, vol. i. p. 85, contain brief notices of the foundation of the Abbey. 
 
 Browne Willis's " Survey of the Cathedrals," 4to. 1742, vol. i. p. 758 to 803, has an account 
 of the foundation of the Bishoprick, descriptions of the Episcopal Palace, Deanery, Cathedral, 
 Monuments, and Monumental Inscriptions ; likewise the endowments of the See and Chapter, with 
 Biographical Notices of the Bishops, Deans, Archdeacons, and Prebendaries. 
 
 " The History and Antiquities of the City of Bristol," by William Barrett, Surgeon, F. S. A. 
 Bristol, 4to. 1789, contains from p. 246 to 342, inclusive, an historical account of Saint Augustine's 
 Abbey and its successive Abbots and Bishops ; with a description of the Cathedral, &c. 
 
 In 11 A Chronological Outline of the History of Bristol," by J. Evans, 4to. 1824, are inserted, 
 according to their respective dates, short notices of the foundation of the Abbey, of the succession of 
 the Abbots, the erection of the Church, appointment of the Bishops, &c. 
 
 A few notices respecting the Cathedral and its Bishops may also be gleaned from the " Bristol 
 Memorialist," 8vo. from 1816 to 1823. 
 
 Gougli's " Sepulchral Monuments " voJ. ii. part i. p. 28, fol. 1796, contains an engraving and 
 description of the monument ascribed to Robert Fitz-harding and Eva his wife; — Ibid, p. 44, 
 descriptions and engravings of the effigies of the second Thomas, Lord Berkeley (A° 1241), and 
 of Jane his wife; of Thomas Berkeley (1243) ; and of Maurice (1326); — Ibid. p. 93, account 
 of Abbot Knowle's tomb; — and vol. ii. part ii. p. 201, description of the monument of Abbot 
 Morgan, which he attributes to Newbury. 
 
 " A Collection of Gloucestershire A?itiejuities," by Samuel Lysons, F. R. S. and F. A. S. Lond. 
 1803, fol., contains, PI. lxxxvii. to xcix. inclusive, etchings of the following subjects, with 
 descriptions, viz. S. W. View of the Cathedral — Niches in the elder Chapel of our Lady — Tomb 
 of one of the Berkeley Family — Interior View of the Chapter House —Part of the South Side 
 of ditto — East End of the Chancel — Stained Glass in the Windows of the Choir — Entrance to the 
 Vestry — Interior View of the little Vestry — Vestibule of the Chapter House — Lntrance to the Choir 
 and Arms in the Vestry — Part of the elder Chapel of our Lady. 
 
 Buckler's " Views of the Cathedral Churches," &c. 4to. London, 1822, contains a North-east 
 View of the Cathedral, with an architectural description of the Church. 
 
 " Graphic and Historical Description of the Cathedral Church and See of Bristol," written 
 by Mr. Brown, published by Storer, with plan and seven views. 8vo. 1827. 
 
 The Local Guides, and Pictures of Bristol contain brief accounts of the Cathedral and notices 
 of some of its monuments. 
 
LIST OF BOOKS, ESSAYS, AND PRINTS. 
 
 71 
 
 PRINTS. 
 
 Besides the Prints already specified in different books, the following have been also published. 
 
 In Carter's " Ancient Architecture" fol. 1796, PI. xxxv. c. ii. p. 30, is an etching of a 
 Niche in the Chapter House. 
 
 In Skelton's " Etchings of the Antiquities of Bristol" are the following Prints, drawn by 
 J. Willis, and engraved by J. Skelton: — North-east Portion of the Cloisters of the Cathedral and 
 back of Minster House — South Aile of Bristol Cathedral — The Sacristy of ditto — Altar Screen in 
 the North Aile of ditto — View of the North-east Angle of the Chapter House. 
 
 A View of the Interior of the Chapter-Room, drawn and etched by E. Blore, is published 
 in Seyer's " Memoirs of Bristol;" in which work is also a North View of the Abbey Gate-house, 
 by the same artist. 
 
 Plan, Sections, Views, and Details of the latter building, in three plates, from drawings by 
 F. Mackenzie, are given in " The Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain" vol. iii. 
 
 ACCOUNTS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 Godwin in his " Catalogue of Bishops," 4to. 1615, p. 500, gives short Memoirs of the Bishops 
 from 1542 to 1603. These have been continued by Richardson, " De Prcesulibus," fol. 1742, 
 p. 563-569, to the year 1738. 
 
 Le Neve's " Fasti Ecclesice Anglicance," fol. 1716, contains, from page 48 to 51, a list of the 
 Bishops, Deans, Archdeacons, and Prebendaries, to 1714. 
 
 Mr. J. S. Browne, in his " Catalogue of Bishojis," &c. 8vo. 1812, has given a list of the 
 Bishops of Bristol from 1689 to 1808 : and in Mr. Edward Boswell's " Ecclesiastical Division 
 of the Diocess of Bristol, methodically digested and arranged," &c. 8vo. 1829, is an account 
 of the See, with list of the Bishops, Deans, and other Officers. 
 
 PORTRAITS OF BISHOPS. 
 
 John Lake : — Loggan, sc. 1688. In sheet of the seven Bishops ; R. White, sc. Granger. 
 John Hall, 1691 : — Engraved from an original picture. 
 
 Sir Jonathan Trelawney, in sheet of the seven Bishops ; R. White, sc. : also by Gribelin, 
 inv. et sc. Granger and Bromley. 
 
 George Smalridge, fol. prefixed to his Sermons ; Kneller, del. ; Vertue, sc. 1724. 
 
 Hugh Boulter: — His own hair, sitting, holding a book; mez. M. A shton, del. ; T. Beard, 
 sc. 1728. — Whole length, several persons attending as on a visitation; sh. mez. F. Bindon, del. 
 1742; J. Brooks, sc. Bromley. 
 
 John Cony be a re, 4to. Bromley. 
 
 Sir Thomas Gooch : — In his own hair, sitting; mez. T. Hudson, del.; M'Ardell, sc. 
 Mez. D. Heins, sc. 1741. Bromley. 
 
 Thomas Newton: — Prefixed to his "Works" with his Life, 1782, 4to. ; Reynolds, del.; 
 J. Collier, sc. Sitting; la. sh. mez. B. West, del.; R. Earlom, del. 1767. Bromley. Three 
 qrs. len. View of St. Paul's ; sh. mez. Reynolds, del. ; T. Watson, sc. 1775. Ibid. 
 
 Thomas Secker: — Mez. Hudson, del.: M'Ardell, sc. Oval frame; mez. T. Willis, del.; 
 M'Ardell, sc. Bromley. 
 
 Christopher Wilson: — Sitting, holding a square cap; sh. mez. G. Romncy, del.; 
 /. Jones, sc. 1788. Bromley. 
 
 Joseph Butler: — 8vo. oval, with his Arms: no name. Another, 4to., engraved by Fitter, 
 after Ramsey. 
 
72 
 
 BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 LIST OF PRINTS, 
 
 ILLUSTRATIVE OF BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 I. 
 II. 
 
 III. 
 
 IV. 
 
 V. 
 VI 
 
 VII 
 VIII 
 
 IX 
 
 x 
 
 XI 
 
 XII 
 XIII. 
 XIV. 
 
 Subjects. 
 
 Ground Plan, and Plans of Parts .... 
 Vestibule to Chapter-house 
 
 Chapter-house, interior View 
 
 Chapter-house, Elevation of two Com- 
 partments ; Elevation, Section, and > 
 Plan of Part of the Vestibule J 
 
 View of the elder Lady Chapel 
 
 Compartments of S. Side of Chancel, &c. i 
 Ditto N. Side of elder Lady Chapel \ 
 
 Section and Plan of the East, or Altar End 
 
 Elevation of one side of Vestibule to i 
 Vestry. Section of ditto, looking J 
 East; and Details ) 
 
 Section through the Transept, Chapter- ) 
 house, Tower, &c $ 
 
 View of the Church from the South-east 
 
 Monument of a Berkeley, parts of prin- > 
 cipal Altar Screen, and Altar Screen ' 
 in North Aile ) 
 
 View of N. Aile, &c. looking S. East . . 
 
 View of Abbot Knowle's Monument, ) 
 
 (Wood Cut) J 
 
 Part of Chapter-house, (Wood Cut) 
 
 Drawn by 
 
 T. H. Clarke 
 W.H.Bartlett 
 
 W.H.Hartlett 
 
 C. Hacker 
 
 W.H.Bartlett 
 T. H. Clarke 
 C. Hacker . . 
 
 C. Hacker . . 
 
 C. Hacker . . 
 
 W.H.Bartlett 
 
 < Clarke & ) 
 I Bartlett $ 
 
 W.H.Bartlett 
 
 W.H.Bartlett 
 T. H. Clarke 
 
 Engraved by 
 
 J. Roffe .... 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 J. Le Keux. . 
 
 W. Woolnoth 
 
 S. Williams 
 S. Williams 
 
 The Rev. J. Cross, M.A 
 J The Rev. W.Bond, 
 I M.A. Prebendary 
 
 Inscribed to 
 
 Sir F. Freeling, Bart. 
 
 E. Dalton, Esq. F.S.A 
 The Dean of Bristol.. 
 The Bishop , 
 
 Described. 
 
 43, 44, 45. 
 45. 
 
 45, 46, 47. 
 
 15-47. 54. 
 47. 
 
 47,48.54.56. 
 48. 54. 55. 
 
 55. 59. 
 
 48, 49, 50. 
 48. 
 
 51. 55. 
 48. 53, 54. 
 
 59. 
 46. 
 
 A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NAMES AND DATES OF DIFFERENT PARTS OF BRISTOL CATHEDRAL. 
 
 Kings. 
 
 Stephen 
 Henry III... 
 
 Edward I. . . 
 
 Henry VI. > 
 EdwardlV. $ 
 
 Edward IV. 
 
 Henry VII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Henry VIII. 
 
 Abbots. I Date. 
 
 Richard 1142.. 
 
 David 1234.. 
 
 Knowle & Snow. 1306.. 
 
 I 
 
 Newbury & Hunt £ 
 
 ! S!S! 
 
 Newland 1498.... 
 
 ™* 
 
 Some ' set \\llt} 
 
 Burton jiSj 
 
 Parts of the Building. 
 
 Chapter-house and Vestibule 
 
 Elder Lady Chapel 
 
 Choir, Ailes, Chancel, and Vestry. . . . 
 
 Tower 
 
 Upper Part of South Transept 
 
 North Transept 
 
 Stalls in the Choir 
 
 Door-way into Elder Lady Chapel. . .. 
 
 J Part of Altar-Screen, Organ- 7 
 I Screen, interior Decorations . . J 
 
 Described. 
 
 Plates. 
 
 45,46.53 .. 
 
 ii. in. iv. ix. 
 
 
 V. VI. VIII. 
 
 48. 53, 54 .. 
 
 t VI. A. B. VII. 
 
 ( X. XII. 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 
 IX. 
 
 50 
 
 1.27. 
 
 
 1. 34. 
 
 
 VII. X. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Abbey of St. Augustine, remarks on con- 
 version of, 1 ; on the foundation of, 2 ; founded 
 by Robert Fitz-Harding, 5, 6 ; completed, 6 ; 
 building- promoted by Prince Henry, 7 ; 
 rights of infringed by the first Maurice, Lord 
 Berkeley ; lands conferred on by same, ib. ; 
 council held in, 8 ; possessions increased by 
 Robert, Lord Berkeley, 9 ; visited by the 
 Bishop of Worcester ; dispute between the 
 canons and brethren of St. Mark's Hos- 
 pital, ib. ; disordered ; ordinances for regu- 
 lation of, 10; visited by the Bishop of 
 Worcester, 1 1 ; re-building of, commenced, 
 12, 48 ; visited by the Bishop of Worcester, 
 irregularities prohibited by him, 12 ; gifts 
 made to, by the second Thomas, Lord Berke- 
 ley, 13 ; works proceeded in, 13, 48 ; canons 
 reduced in number by the plague, 13; others 
 licensed as priests at the age of twenty-two, 
 14; works suspended, 48; Abbey visited by 
 the Bishop of Worcester; ordinances made 
 by him, 14 ; bull for making collections, 48 ; 
 repaired, 16; works continued, 16, 48; vi- 
 sited by King Henry VII. 17; revenues of, 
 18; bequest to, by the sixth Maurice, Lord 
 Berkeley, 21 ; dispute between the canons 
 and townsmen, 20; decided, 21; Archbishop 
 Cranmer preached at, 22 ; surrender and 
 valuation of, ib. ; converted into a Cathedral 
 Church, 23 ; measurements of, by William 
 of Worcester, 49. 
 
 Abbey Gate-house, 45; repaired, 51. 
 
 Abbots of Bristol, biographical notices of, 
 — Richard and Philip, 7 ; John, Joseph, and 
 David, 8, 58 ; Bradestan and Long, 9, 58 ; 
 Malmesbury and Marina, 10 ; Dodington and 
 Barry, 11; Knowle, 12; Snow and Asshe, 
 13; Coke, 14,60; Shellingford, 14; Cerney, 
 Daubeney, Newbury, and Sutton, 15 ; Hunt 
 and Newland, 16; Elliot and Somerset, 21; 
 Burton, and ap Guilliam, 22. 
 
 Accounts of monastic officers, 17, 18, 20. 
 
 Ailes described, 53, 54 ; see plate xii. 
 
 All Saints Church, revenues of, sequestered, 20; 
 extract from MS. as to repair of, ib. 
 
 Altars, lamps for, 58. 
 
 Altar-screen, 51, 55, plate vii. b. 
 
 Arches, first pointed, 45. 
 
 Ashfield, John, master of new works, 49. 
 
 Augustine the Less, church of, erected, 9. 
 
 Bagot, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 
 Bedminster held by the Bishop of Constance, 4. 
 
 Berkeley, lordship of, granted to Robert Fitz- 
 Harding, 5, 7 ; third Maurice, lord, entrusts 
 property to the abbot, 12 ; first Thomas, 
 lord, monument of, 58 ; second Thomas, lord, 
 bequest of, to the Abbey, 13 ; monument of, 
 59 ; third Maurice, lord, monument of, 58, 
 59; second Maurice, lord, monument of, 59; 
 fourth Maurice, lord, interment of, 60 ; Sir 
 
 James, interment of, 60 ; fifth Thomas, lord, 
 interment of, 61 . 
 
 Billeswick manor purchased, 4. 
 
 Bird, Edward, interment of, 64. 
 
 Bishops, biographical notices of, 23—42, (see 
 their respective names) ; chronological list of, 
 65 ; accounts of and portraits, 7 1 . 
 
 Books, &c. relating to the Abbey and Cathedral, 
 list of, 69. 
 
 Booth, Dean, inscription to, 62 ; list, 68. 
 
 Boulter, Bishop, 38, 65. 
 
 Bradshaw, Bishop, 38 ; interment of, 62, 65. 
 
 Bristol held in farm by the Bishop of Con- 
 stance, 4 ; council held at, 8 ; visited by King- 
 Edward III. 11; depopulated by plague, 13; 
 visited by King Edw. IV. 16 ; King Henry 
 Vllth's reception, 17; visited by Archbishop 
 Cranmer, 22 ; by Queen Anne, 30 ; remarks 
 on its eminent natives and its public institutions, 
 Preface, vii. 
 
 Bush, Bishop, 23; monument of, 61 ; list, 65. 
 
 Butler, Bishop, 39 ; interment of, 63 ; list, 66. 
 
 Carleton, Bishop, 35, 65. 
 
 Cathedral Church, establishment -of, 1, 
 23 ; interior arrangement of, 43 ; architectural 
 character of, 44, 45 ; injured during civil 
 wars, 52 ; repaired, &c. 53; interior described, 
 ib. See list of prints, p. 72. 
 
 Cecil, Bishop, 38, 66. 
 
 Cellarer of the Abbey, account of, 18. 
 
 Chapter-house, architectural character of, 45 ; 
 described, 46 ; alterations in, 53 ; view of, 
 plate iii. ; elevation of parts, plates iv. ix. ; 
 wood-cut of parts, 46. 
 
 Chatterton, his poem " on the Mynster," 8. 
 
 Chetwood, Bishop, 36, 65. 
 
 Chetwynd, Dean, inscription to, 62, 67. 
 
 Cheyney, Bishop, 26, 65. 
 
 Choir described, 54. 
 
 Church of St. Augustine the Less erected, 9; 
 
 contributions towards repair of, 21. 
 Cloisters, 51 . See ground plan. 
 Codrington, Robert, Esq. monument of, 62. 
 Coke, Abbot, interment of, 60. 
 Coke, Bishop, 32, 65. 
 
 Collector of the rents of the Abbey, 18, 19. 
 College Green, dispute respecting burial in, 9 ; 
 
 extent of, and alterations in, note, 19. 
 Conybeare, Bishop, 40 ; interment of, 63, 66. 
 Cornwall, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Coster, Thomas, Esq. inscription to, 62. 
 Courtenay, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Cradock, Sir R. Newton, monument of, 60. 
 David, Abbot, 8 ; interment of, 58. 
 Deans, chronological list of, with notes, 67. 
 Deanery noticed, 56. 
 Diocess of Bristol, extent of, 23. 
 Doorway into elder Lady Chapel, 51. 
 Draper, Mrs. Elizabeth, monument of, 63. 
 Dundry Quarries, 49. 
 
 L 
 
74 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Edward IV., King, anecdote of, 16. 
 Elder Lady Chapel, described, 43, 47 ; view of, 
 
 plate v. ; elevation of one compartment, pi. vi. 
 Elton, Jacob, Esq. inscription to, 63. 
 Elwyn, Mrs. monument, 63. 
 Felton, Bishop, 30, 65. 
 
 Fitz-Harding, Robert, inquiry into his origin, 
 3, 4 ; founder of the Abbey, 5, 6 ; expenses 
 of his anniversary, 18, 19, 57 ; monument 
 erroneously attributed to, 57, 58 ; Robert, third 
 son of, interment of, 58. 
 
 Fletcher, Bishop, remarks on his treatment of 
 Mary Queen of Scots, 26, 65. 
 
 Foster, Rev. Nathaniel, interment of, 63. 
 
 Free-stone, prices of, 50. 
 
 Gallery erected in the Cathedral, 29. 
 
 Gooch, Bishop, 39, 66. 
 
 Gore, William, Esq. monument to, 63. 
 
 Goulson, Bishop, 35, 65. 
 
 Grammar School in Abbey, 19. 
 
 Gray, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 
 Grosett, Mrs. monument to, 64. 
 
 Hall, Bishop, 36, 65. 
 
 Harcourt, Rev. James, interment of, 62. 
 
 Hemy, Prince, promoted the building of the 
 Abbey, 7. 
 
 Holyman, Bishop, 33, 65. 
 
 Howel, Bishop, 33 ; interment of, 62, 65. 
 
 Hume, Bishop, 41, 66. 
 
 Ironside, Bishop, 34, 36 ; interment of, 62, 65. 
 Jordan's Chapel, 5, note. 
 Kalendaries, house of, rebuilt, 13. 
 Kaye, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 
 Knowle, Abbot, effigy of, 59 ; monument of, 
 
 Title-page ; part built by him, 47. 
 Lady Chapel, provision made for clerks of, 15; 
 
 architectural character of, 45 ; attributed to 
 
 Abbot Knowle, 47 ; noticed, 49. 
 Lake, Bishop, 35, 65. 
 Long, Abbot, interment of, 59. 
 Love, Rev. Samuel, inscription to, 63. 
 Luxmore, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Madan, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Mansel, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Martyn, John, master of the works, 49. 
 Masonry, 19, note. 
 Middleton, Mrs. monument of, 64. 
 Minstrels, payments to, 20. 
 Monks -cowls, recesses so called, 57. 
 Monuments, 57 to 64. 
 Morgan, Abbot, monument of, 61. 
 Mortmain, statute of, 2, note. 
 Mynster, poem on the, by Chatterton, 8. 
 Newland, Abbot, effigy of, 61. 
 Newton, Bishop, 41, 66. 
 Newton, Sir Henry, monument of, 61. 
 
 Newton, Sir John, monument of, 61. 
 
 North transept, built by Abbot Newland, 50. 
 
 See plan and section, plate ix. 
 Novices, note on education of, 19. 
 Oblations made at pysces in the Abbey, 19. 
 Organ erected, 52 ; screen, 55. 
 Palace repaired by Bp. Wright, 31 ; stripped of 
 
 lead, 34 ; discovery in, 39 ; noticed, 56. 
 Pater-nosters of pearl, 12. 
 Pelham, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 Portraits of Bishops, list of, 71. 
 Powel, William, monument of, 63. 
 Prints, list of, 71, 72. 
 Pulpit noticed, 56. 
 
 Purveyor of the kitchen, account of the, 18. 
 
 Quay made, 9. 
 
 Rag- stone, price of, 50. 
 
 Rebus of Abbot Burton, 16, note. 
 
 Robinson, Bishop, 36, 65. 
 
 Sacrist, receipts of, 19. 
 
 Sacristy, 53. 
 
 Sanctuary, profits arising from, and extent of, 20. 
 
 Sawin of Clifton, praepositus of Bristol, 4. 
 
 Screens, see Altar and Organ. 
 
 Searchfield, Bishop, 30 ; inscription, 62, 65. 
 
 Seeker, Bishop, 39, 66. 
 
 Skinner, Bishop, 33, 65. 
 
 Smalridge, Bishop, 37, 65. 
 
 Snow, Abbot, only one who attended parliament, 
 13. 
 
 South transept, built by Abbot Hunt, 48. 
 Stalls constructed by Elliot, 50. 
 Stanhope, Mrs. monument of, 64. 
 Sutton, Rev. J., interment of, 62. 
 Tabernacles, order for demolition of, 52. 
 Thornborough, Bishop, account of, 28, 68. 
 Tower, attributed to Abbot Newbury, 48 ; sec- 
 tion of, plate ix. 
 Towgood, Dean, interment of, 62, 67. 
 Treasurer's account, 20. 
 Trelawney, Bishop, 36, 65. 
 Vaulting of side ailes, singular, 53. 
 
 of vestibule, 54. 
 
 Vaughan, Sir Charles, monument of, 62. 
 Vestiary, account of, 19. 
 
 Vestibule to Chapter-house, architectural cha- 
 racter of, 45 ; view of, plate ii. ; section, plan, 
 &c. plate iv. 
 
 Vestibule to vestry described, 54, plate viii. 
 
 West end of church noticed, 51 ; leased, 53. 
 
 Westfield, Bishop, 33 ; grave-stone, 62, 65. 
 
 West window made, 52. 
 
 Wilson, Bishop, 42, 66. 
 
 Wright, Bishop, 31, 65. 
 
 Yonge, Bishop, 41, 66. 
 
 Young, Sir John, monument of, 61. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 Marchant, Printer, Ingrani-court, Fenchureli-street. 
 
y ^TTv^ AT. ANTIQUITIES . 
 
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 ELDER LAOY CHAPEL . LOOKING EAST. 
 To SIR H<A.\i 1.. n<£FJ.ING BART F. SLA. A-r *- c . this pLxtc is iiuicribpd 
 
 "the attthdk. 
 
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REV? KOBER.T GRAY. D.D. LORD BJStJOr Of BXISTOL. this plate is inscribed by 
 
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PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL. 
 
 IF THE STUDY OF ANTIQUITIES BE JUDICIOUSLY PURSUED AND PROPERLY DIRECTED, IT TENDS TO DEVELOPE THE 
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 RITTON'S CATHEDRALS OF ENGLAND.— It is a curious fact, neither 
 contemplated nor generally known, that each English Cathedral affords in its annals a 
 variety of historical and biographical information, as well as great dissimilarity in general 
 design and architectural detail from all the others, and collectively therefore, they cannot fail 
 of being truly interesting to the lovers of literature and antiquity. They may be said to 
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 of general anecdote, and of customs and manners of "bye-gone days." That these are 
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 and of the Historian, no person can deny ; and that they are calculated to amuse, and also to 
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 about effects, regardless of causes— of the limbs and arms of man, without relation to his mental powers. To study a 
 cathedral, or any other edifice, by simply measuring its proportions, and looking at its pretty ornaments, is not only 
 a waste of time, but trifling with science, with beauty, and with grandeur. Each of these buildings presents a text or 
 theme, replete with instructive and complicated interest. This will be manifest by a careful inspection of the volumes 
 now completed on the subject. 
 
 THE CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND 
 
 OR, AN HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AND GRAPHIC ILLUSTRATION OF THE ENGLISH 
 
 CATHEDRAL CHURCHES; 
 
 Viz. SALISBURY, YORK, WINCHESTER, NORWICH, LICHFIELD, OXFORD, CANTERBURY, WELLS, 
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 THE 
 
 RCHITECTURAL ANTIQUITIES OF GREAT BRITAIN; 
 
 Including a Series of 360 Engravings, by Le Keux, representing the most beautiful, 
 curious, and interesting Ancient Edifices of this Country; with an Histoiical and Descriptive 
 Account of each Subject. By John Britton. 
 
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 The " Architectural Antiquities" comprises Plans, Sections, and Elevations, with 
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 assisted and honoured by the literary contributions of many learned and distinguished Anti- 
 quaries, particularly Sir Richard C. Hoare, Bart. Sir Henry C. Englefield, Bart. Sir Walter Scott, Bart. Dr. Whittaker, 
 The Rev R. Blakeway, The Rev. Archdeacon Owen, John Adey Repton, Esq. Joseph Porden, Esq. Architect, William 
 Burdon, Esq. Dr. Savers, George Ormerod, Esq. James H. Markland, Esq. The Rev. R. Forby, John Soane, Esq. 
 Architect. — The Architectural Antiquities is a miscellaneous and picturesque work, embracing illustrations and histories 
 of a variety of ecclesiastical, domestic, and castellated edifices. Its extent, the subjects it embraces, and the opinion 
 of the most respectable review, is detailed below. 
 
 " Mr. Britton, in his Cathedral and Architectural Antiquities, has presented us with a large variety of objects most admirably delineated by the 
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 collected nearly all the different opinions on the question, amounting to upwards of fifty, extracted from set treatises or incidental disquisitions."— 
 Edinburgh Review, No. xevm. Oct. 1829. 
 
 VIEW UNDER CHICHESTER CROSS. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING SUBJECTS ILLUSTRATED AND DESCRIBED: 
 VOL. I,— Screen in Edward the Confessor's Chapel, Westminster— Doorway to St. Mary's Church, Marlborough, 
 Wilts.— St. Botolph's Priory Church, Colchester, Essex— Dunstaple Priory Church, Bedfordshire— St Nicholas- 
 Church, &c. Abingdon, Berks— Layer Marney Hall, Essex— King's College Chapel, Cambridge— The Round 
 Church at Northampton— The Round Church at the Temple, London— The Round Church at Little Maplested, 
 Essex— Malmsbury Abbey Church, Wiltshire— Colchester Castle, Essex— Ockendon Church. Essex— Crosses at 
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 Malmsbury, Glastonbury, Coventry. Gloucester. 
 
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 VOL. II. — Chimney Piece in Queen Elizabeth's Gallery, Windsor — Stewkley Church, Bucks — St. John's Church, 
 Devises, Wilts — St. Peter's Church, Northampton — Henry the Seventh's Chapel, Westminster — Old House at 
 Islington— Oxburgh Hall— Eton College— Nether Hall— East Basham Hall— West Stow Hall— Gifford's Hall— 
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 Castle — Holland House — Longford Castle — Charlton House — Longleat House — Wollaton Hall — Tabley Hall — 
 Crewe Hall — Boringdon House — Browesholme Hall — Lay cock Abbey — Audley End. 
 
 VOL. III. — Lullington Church Doorway — Castle- Acre Priory Church — Collegiate Church, Manchester — Waltham Abbey 
 Church — Hedingham Castle — St. George's Chapel, Windsor — Roslyn Chapel, Scotland — St. Nicholas Chapel and 
 Red Mount Chapel, Lynn — College Gate-House, Bristol — Priory Church, Binham — Priory Church, Christ Church 
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 VOL V. — This Volume consists of Eighty-six Prints, engraved by John Le Keux, from Drawings by different Archi- 
 tectural Draftsmen. Chronological and Alphabetical Indexes are appended. 
 
 THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE ACES. 
 
 BABLAKES HOSPITAL, COVENTRY. 
 
 BRITTON'S CHRONOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ILLUSTRATIONS 
 
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 Consisting of Eighty Plates of Plans, Elevations, Sections, Views, and Details of several Edifices, engraved 
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 With Fifty-four Plates, coloured by Sowerby, exhibiting above Seven Hundred Fossil Remains, 3 vols. 4to. in cloth, 
 
 £5. 5s. published at £10. 10s. 
 
 PARKINSON'S 
 
 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FOSSIL ORGANIC REMAINS ; 
 
 In crown 8vo. with Ten Plates, cloth, 12s. 
 
 DR. TURTON'S BIVALVE SHELLS OF THE BRITISH ISLANDS, 
 
 Systematically arranged, with Twenty Plates, coloured by Sowerby, 4to. cloth, £2. published at £4. 
 
 A practical Conchologist observes, "that Dr. Turton's Account of British Shells is not only interesting to the 
 collector, but also particularly desirable, as it includes the shells that have been discovered since the publication of Mon- 
 tague. The author's residence being on that part of the coast where the greatest number of shells are found, he had the 
 most favourable opportunities of investigating the subject, the objects of his study being continually before him." 
 
 LAYTHORPE BRIDGE, YORK. 
 
IN CONTINUATION OF THE CATHEDRAL ANTIQUITIES OF ENGLAND. 
 
 Now ready, Part I. containing Fifteen Plates, of 
 
 THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES 
 
 OF 
 
 CARLISLE CATHEDRAL, 
 
 BY 
 
 ROBERT WILLIAM BILLINGS, 
 
 AUTHOR OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE TEMPLE CHURCH, LONDON. 
 
 This work will be printed uniform with Britton's Cathedral Antiquities of England, and contain 
 Forty-five Engravings of Plans, Elevations, Sections, Details, and Perspective Views ; with an Historical 
 and Architectural Account. 
 
 The General Plans, Elevations, and Sections of the Building, (drawn to one scale) together with the 
 Details, will be executed in a clear, firm outline, and the Views will for the most part have effects of light 
 and shade. 
 
 In illustrating Carlisle Cathedral, the aim has been to give such a series of careful measurements and 
 detads, that any portion, or the whole building, might be completely restored in the event of accident or 
 decay. 
 
 In the various tables of Bishops, Deans, lists of Dates, of Books and Prints, &c. &c. the Model of the 
 Cathedral Antiquities will be strictly adhered to. 
 
 It will be published in three portions, each containing Fifteen Plates ; Part II. will appear on 
 the 1st of September. With the last part, which will be published in December, 1839, the historical 
 and descriptive letter-press will be presented gratis. 
 
 Medium Quarto One Guinea. 
 
 Imperial Quarto One Guinea and a Half. 
 
 Imperial Quarto, with Proofs of the Plates on India Paper, limited to 
 
 Ten copies Two Guineas and a Half. 
 
 It is the intention of the proprietors to publish the remaining Cathedrals in the same manner, viz. 
 Chester, Cldchester, Durham, Ely, Lincoln, Manchester, Rippon, and Rochester. 
 
 London: Published by T. and W. Boone, 29, New Bond Street, and the Author, Manor House, 
 Kentish Town, by whom Subscribers' names will be received. Sold also by C. Thurnam, Bookseller, 
 Carlisle; Currie and Bowman, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; and by all other Booksellers. 
 
 LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS. 
 
 The Royal Library, Royal Foh 
 His Grace the Duke of Buccleugh, Proofs on India Paper. 
 His Grace the Duke of Northumberland, Proofs on IndiaPaper 
 The Marquess of Anglesey, Large Paper. 
 The Earl of Derby, Large Paper. 
 The Right Hon. the Earl of Lonsdale, Large Paper. 
 The Right Rev. the Lord Bishop of Carlisle, Large Paper. 
 Sir George Musgrave, Bart. Large Paper. 
 Sir Robert Smirke, R.A. Architect. 
 Sir Jeffery Wyattville, R.A. Architect. 
 The Very Rev. the Dean of Carlisle, Large Paper. 
 The Very Rev. the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, LargePaper. 
 The Rev. S. J. Goodenough, Prebendary of Carlisle. 
 The Rev. Vernon Harcourt, Prebendary of Carlisle. 
 A Friend, Mr. A. 
 Joshua Anderson, Esq. Carlisle. 
 George Bailey, Esq. Architect. 
 William Barclwell, Esq. Architect. 
 William Barnes, Esq. Architect, India Proofs. 
 Charles Barry, Esq. Architect. 
 John Birkett, Esq. 
 
 E. B. Blackburn, Esq. Alnwick Castle. 
 Edward Blore, Esq. F.S.A. Architect, Large Paper. 
 John Blythe, Esq. Architect. 
 
 Mr. James Bonn, Bookseller, Proofs and Etching*. 
 Thomas Bonnell, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Ignatius Bonomi, Esq. Architect, Durham. 
 John Hritton,Esq. F.S.A. Large Paper. 
 Mr. James Bugden. 
 James B. Bunning, Esq. Architect. 
 Decimus Burton, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 Mr. T. Carruthers, Carlisle. 
 Richard Carruthers, Esq. Eden Grove. 
 
 io, India Proofs and Etchings. 
 
 Thomas Chawner, Esq. Architect, Large Paper. 
 Messrs. Colnaghi & Puckle, Printsellers. 
 Robert Cowen, Esq. Carlisle. 
 George Cowen, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Robert Creighton, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Edward Cresey, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 Lewis Cubitt, Esq. 
 William Cubitt, Esq. 
 
 Thomas Cundy, Esq. Architect, Large Paper. 
 Miss Currer. 
 
 The Rev. H. Curwen, Workington. 
 Richard Cust, Esq. Abbey Street. 
 Mr. Davies, George Street, Euston Square. 
 Mr. N. L. De Carle, Architect, Newcastle. 
 J. C. Denham, Esq. Large Paper. 
 Mr. W. Dewar, Carlisle. 
 
 John Dixon, Esq. High Sheriff of Cumberland, Large Paper. 
 Peter Dixon, Esq. Mayor of Carlisle, 1838, Large Paper. 
 George Dixon, Esq. Abbey Street. 
 Joseph Dixon, Esq. Broadwath. 
 John Dobson, Esq. Architect, Newcastle. 
 A. Easthope, Esq. 
 Simon Ewart, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Benjamin Ferrey, Esq. Architect. 
 The Rev. G. O. Fenwicke, Birmingham. 
 The Rev. William Ford, Cumwhitton. 
 John Forster, Esq. Brampton. 
 George Godwin, Jim. Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 F. Graham, Esq. St. Nicholas Place. 
 John Graham, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Richard Grainger, Esq. Newcastle. 
 George Mounsey Gray, Esq. Large Paper. 
 
 ( Turn over.) 
 
LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS— continued. 
 
 Messrs. J. and B. Green, Architects, Newcastle. 
 
 Philip Hardwick, Esq. Architect, Large Paper. 
 
 George Head Head, Esq. Rickerby Hall. 
 
 Mr. Rodwell, India Proofs and Etchings. 
 
 Mr. Joseph Rook, Carlisle. 
 
 Mr. John Sadler. 
 
 John Hodgson, Esq. Bowness. 
 
 Mr. John Hodgson, Architect. 
 
 J. D. Hopkins, Esq. Architect. 
 
 Thomas Hudson, Esq. Roe Hill. 
 
 Mr. Richard Ingham, Organist to the Cathedral. 
 
 Wm. Inman, Esq. Architect. 
 
 John Irving, Esq. Carlisle, 
 
 Mr. Jefferson, Bookseller. 
 
 H. E. Kendall, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 
 Mr. Larmer, Civil Engineer. 
 
 Andrew Latimer, Esq. Newcastle. 
 
 Thomas Little, Esq. Architect. 
 
 Mr. Duncan McAlpin, Carlisle. 
 
 Mr. T. McAlpin, Cummersdale, Two Large Paper. 
 
 Archibald M'Lellan, Esq. Glasgow, Large Paper. 
 
 Geo. Moore, Esq. F.R.S. & F.S.A. Architect, Large Paper. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Nelson, Builder, Carlisle. 
 
 John Newman, Esq. F.S.A. Architect, Large Paper. 
 
 John Bowyer Nichols, Esq. F.S.A. Large Paper. 
 
 William Patrickson, Esq. Carlisle. 
 
 John Pinch, Esq. Architect, Bath. 
 
 W. J. Pocock, Esq. Architect. 
 
 Messrs. Porter, Hinde, and Porter, Carlisle. 
 
 The Rev. W. Rees, Abbey, Carlisle. 
 
 Henry Rhodes, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 
 Mr. Richardson, Civil Engineer, Maryport. 
 
 P. F. Robinson, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 
 ' Mr. Robson, Builder, Carlisle. 
 J. Sanderson, Esq. Anglesey, Large Paper. 
 George Saul, Esq. Brunstock House. 
 Silas Saul, Jun. Esq. Carlisle. 
 James Savage, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 J. J. Scoles, Esq. Architect. 
 Henry Senhouse, Esq. Nether Hall. 
 Mr. Setchell. 
 
 Mr. E. Sharpe, Architect, Lancaster. 
 Mr. Simpson, Builder, Carlisle. 
 C. H. Smith, Esq. 
 W. S. Smith, Esq. Carlisle. . 
 George Smith, Esq. Architect, Large Paper. 
 S. Staples, Esq. Architect, Large Paper. 
 William Stordy, Esq. Carlisle. 
 Mr. J. Stuart, Carlisle. 
 William Stutfield, Esq. Large Paper. 
 R. Tattersal, Esq. Architect, Manchester. 
 I J. H. Taylor, Esq. Architect. 
 G. L. Taylor, Esq. F.S.A. Architect. 
 S. S. Teulun, Esq. Architect. 
 Mr. C. Thurnam, Carlisle. 
 
 W. Tite, Esq. F.R.S. & F.G.S. President of the Architectural 
 
 Society, Large Paper. 
 E. W. Trendall, Esq. Architect. 
 The Rev. R. Waldy, Afpuddle, Dorset. 
 Thomas L. Walker, Esq. Architect. 
 Mr. George Walker, Architect, Newcastle. 
 Robert Wallace, Esq. Architect. 
 The Rev. J. Ward, Bedwyn, Wilts. 
 Samuel Ware, Esq. F.S.A. 
 Mr. Welsh, Architect, Newcastle. 
 General Alexander Wilson, St. Petersburg!!. 
 
 Just Published, uniformly with Britton's Cathedrals, 
 
 ARCHITECTUEAL ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE 
 
 TEMPLE CHURCH, LONDON; 
 
 DRAWN AND ENGRAVED BY 
 
 ROBERT WILLIAM BILLINGS, 
 
 ASSOCIATE OF THE INSTITUTE OF BRITISH ARCHITECTS. 
 
 This Work contains Thirty-one Engravings, principally in Outline, embracing Plans, Elevations, 
 Sections, Details, and Perspective Views of this interesting Church ; also a short historical and descriptive 
 account: and an Essay on the Symbolic Evidences of the Temple Church, by Edward Clarkson, Esq. 
 
 Price Two Guineas in Medium Quarto, and Three Guineas Imperial Quarto. 
 
 London : Published by T. and W. Boone, New Bond Street, and Robert William Billings, 
 
 Manor House, Kentish Town. 
 
 " Mr. Billings has succeeded in a manner that must be 
 alike gratifying to himself, and to every architect. The en- 
 gravings are on a sufficiently large scale to be useful in 
 practice ; and all the details are most clearly and definitively 
 given. It is for want of details of that kind, Mr. Billings 
 observes, that so small a number of edifices have been erected 
 in the same style." — Loudon's Architectural Mag. 
 
 " Thirty-one plates illustrate this volume, the first that 
 has ever attempted to do justice to one of the most interesting 
 ecclesiastical structures in the metropolis, or the country, 
 v They reflect great credit on Mr. Billings' perseverance and 
 skill; and the whole is a welcome contribution to the anti- 
 quarian and architectural library. Mr. Edward Clarkson has 
 prefixed a curious essay on the symbolic evidences which the 
 building affords of its connexion, through its founders, the 
 Knights Templars, with gnostic idolatries and other mysteries 
 and heresies, — the Assassin, Magian, Manichean, &c. &c. &c. 
 It is a singular and striking subject; and Mr. Clarkson has 
 bestowed much learning upon its discussion."— Lit. Gaz. 
 
 " We consider this a splendid as well as most useful work ; 
 the first, on account of the numerous illustrations it contains, 
 and the handsome manner in which it is got up : and the 
 second, on account of the advantages which it is calculated to 
 
 bestow on the arts and on the public. It unites the utile et 
 dulce. In the first place, it contains illustrations of the most 
 beautiful existing specimen of the lanced or first pointed style 
 of gothic architecture, a style which unites architectural 
 beauty in a remarkable manner with architectural economy, 
 and supplies an additional proof of the axiom that the best 
 taste is the cheapest. It combines picturesque and perspective 
 views with the advantage of correct elevation and scientific 
 detail." — Morning Advertiser. 
 
 " Mr. Billings, who is well known as an architectural 
 draughtsman, publishes this volume with the view of develop- 
 ing the beauties of one of the most elegant examples of pointed 
 architecture in the land, one which is distinguished by light- 
 ness and elegance above its contemporaries, in an age when 
 these characteristics were the leading features of every eccle- 
 siastical structure. As the majority of the plates are geome- 
 trical drawings of the building and details, the work cannot 
 fail to prove acceptable to the architect, who will derive great 
 instruction and information from his study of this curious 
 building, which, independently of its historical associations, 
 is, as a specimen of architecture, deserving of more than ordi- 
 nary attention." — Gentleman's Magazine. 
 
THE GETTY CENTER 
 UBRARY