WHITECHAPEL ART GALLERY NOV. 1 to 12 Noon DEC. 10. to 9.30 p*m« jD. OLD LONDON EXHIBITION, 1 9 1. 1. Committee : Mr. Charles Aitken, The Lord Aldenham. Mr. J. T. Herbert Baily. Mr. John M. Bazin. Mr. James Bone. Rt. Hon. John Burns, M.P. Mr. F. B. Daniell. Mr. Cecil T. Davis. Rt. Hon. Lord Eversley, P. C. Mr. Frederick M. Fry, J. P. Mr. J. S. Gardner. Sir Laurence Gomme. Mr. C. W. F. Goss. Mr. Hubert Hall. Rt. Hon. Lewis Harcourt, M.P. Mr. C. T. Harris, J. P. Mr. Charles L. Kingsford. Professor W. R. Lethaby, F.R.I.B.A. Mr. I. S. Lister. Mr. Percy W. Lovell, A.R.LB.A. Mr. Philip Norman, LL.D, Mr. T. F. Ordish. Mr. J. Henry Quinn. Sir Owen Roberts, D.C.L., J. P. Col. J. L. Rutley. Mr. Kenneth Vickers. Mr. H. B. Wheatley. Mr. Emery Walker. Rev. H. G. Woods, Master of The Temple. Kf pointed by the Trustees. The Rev. Canon Barnett. Mrs. Barnett. Mr. W. M. Blyth. Mr. W. H. Davison. Mr. W. C. Johnson, L.C.C., J. P. Mr. Gilbert A. Ramsay, Acting Director. Mr. C. Campbell Ross, Secretary. WHITECHAPEL ART GALLERY, HIGH STREET, WHITECHAPEL. OLD LONDON. AUTUMN EXHIBITION, 1911. The cost of insurance, collection and display of the exhibits is very heavy, and a special expenditure is necessary for electric lighting of the large models. It is hoped that visitors will place contributions in the boxes provided for that purpose, or send sub- scriptions or donations to the Secretary, Mr. C. CAMPBELL ROSS, at the Gallery. Some of the exhibits, including the large models and the pageant costumes aiid properties, are for sale. Inquiries about the models should be sent to Mr. John B. Thorp, 98 Grays Inn Road, W.C. ; about costumes and properties to Mrs. Colquhoun, 25 Knightsbridge, S.W. The Acting Director will answer enquiries as to others. The numbering of the Upper Gallery is distinct from that of the Lower Gallery. The latter begins on left of entrance, continuing all round the walls, including the cases. The large models and screens come last. The attributions of the pictures are those of the lenders. INTRODUCTION. Modern London has been, rather cruelly, described as " a caricature of infinity, 55 and certainly any attempt to under- stand it as a whole will end in mental bewilderment. To some, the charm of looking back to the past is that they imagine that if the present seems an unintelligible confusion the past can be got into focus, and if the present is dull the past was bright, and if this is: the view of the carping dilettante, the practical man can take the opposite view and yet find an interest in the past; be can rejoice that, if old London was small, modern London is big, arid if old London was insanitary, modern London is among the healthiest of modern cities. The study of the history of London is absolutely essential if we are to know what to retain and what to destroy; this question often arises, and it concerns not only us, but future generations also. For the purposes of this exhibition " Old London 5 ' has been assumed to mean London before the Victorian Era. 2 Lower Gallery CATALOGUE. LOWER GALLERY 1 Maps of London By (i) Hoefnagel (1560), (2) Agas (Reign of Queen Elizabeth), (3) Hollar (1648), (4) Faithome and Newcourt (1658), (5) Porter ■(1660), (6) Ogilby and Morgan (1682) 2 Kip's View of London — Westminster and St. James's Park (17 10) Lent by the London Topographical Society 3 Maps of Old London By Ogilby and Rocque Presented by Messrs, A. & C. Black In these three Bays three periods in London history are shown. The first shows London from prehistoric times till the Normans ; the second, from the Normans till the Great Fire of 1666; the third the period following the Fire, late seventeenth century, and eighteenth century. For each Bay an effort has been made to secure characteristic exhibits, but it is not claimed that these three periods are shown in any sort of completeness. BAY A. Prehistoric to Norman Period. The selected objects lent from the Guildhall Museum illustrate the life of the inhabitants of London in prehistoric, Roman, and later times. The exact date of the foundation of London is unknown. The name is certainly Celtic ; that is, it was given to the site by the people whom Julius Caesar found here when he invaded Britain in 55 B.C. The name is usually supposed to be derived from Llyn-din ( cc the lake-fort " s alluding to the swamps that then surrounded London on nearly every side). It has also been plausibly suggested that Lon- dinium has some connection with the god Lud, whose memory survives in Ludgate, and after whom several other towns, such as Lyons (whose Roman name was Lugdunum) were called. But if it is certain that the Celts christened the site, it is equally certain that it was not a place of great importance till the Romans came; for (1) Julius Csesar, though he crossed the Thames hard by, never mentions the place in his own narrative of the invasion ; (2) the Watling Street, a pre-Roman highway, crossed the Thames at West- Lower Gallery 3 minster, and was only in Roman times diverted through London; (3) most important of all, Celtic objects are rarely found on the site of London. No evidence of habitation has ever been discovered below the Roman level. A well- known Celtic shield from Battersea is to be seen at the British Museum, a Celtic spoon from Holborn in the Guild- hall (and other objects in both museums), but these sites (even Holborn) were outside London till long after Roman times. We may safely conclude, then, that London began with the Romans, and that the Roman objects here shown were used by the first Londoners known to history. The Emperor Claudius, as is well known, sent an ex- pedition to conquer Britain in 43 A.D., and the Romans re- mained masters of Britain for nearly four centuries. Under their dominance the larger towns became completely Romanized, while probably in the country districts Celtic art and Celtic habit survived. Among the largest towns was London. It must have risen rapidly, for the historian Tacitus tells us that in 62 a.d. it was already a flourishing trading town. Of this busy market sadly few remains have lasted till the present. The most important is a great part of the foundations of the wall that encircled Londinium. Its line is well known (for with extending mediaeval repairs and additions it lasted till 1760) and a plan of it is shown in this exhibition. Unhappily, none of it remains above the ground, and only a few portions can be seen beneath it. Of the houses within the wall no coherent plan can be formed, which might guide us along the lines of the streets. Several fine mosaic pavements have come to light, and the largest and best preserved of these is in the Guildhall Museum. In the Guildhall also are most of the smaller objects of this date that exist from the site of Londinium — vessels and lamps, tools and weapons, brooches and hair- pins, and many other objects which were then in daily use. They show that London was a wholly Roman town, for most of them are exactly similar to those employed by the native Romans of Italy, and alluded to by the classical authors. All who are interested in the Roman period of London should visit the civic collection of antiquities at the Guildhall. F.L. CASE I. 4 Prehistoric, Celtic, and Roman Objects (See labels inside) Lent by the Guildhall Museum / Bronze Swords. The first metal discovered and used by man. The age of bronze is the earliest that can be approximately dated in Britain. Iron is supposed to have been introduced into this 4 Lower Gallery country about 500 B.C., and the bronze age consequently came to an end. Short dagger, Thames ; Sword, Victoria Embankment. CASE II. 5 Roman Pottery, etc. (See labels inside) Lent by the Corporation of the City of London Lamps. Central hole (infundibulum) for pouring in oil, usually plugged with piece of bone or wood. Nozzle (nasus) for wick. Sometimes two or more nozzles. Often stood on small stands, or suspended in holders like cruises. Gave about as much light as a candle. We read accounts of hundreds being used at banquets Often buried with dead. The two knobs are perhaps survivals of loops for suspension. One found in Abchurch Lane (and so marked], the other in Gutter Lane. Glass. How far glass was manufactured in Britain, and how far imported from Gaul, is at present unknown. On one site only (near Warrington) has anything that resembles a glass manufactory been discovered. Red Gaulish Ware. Fragments of Red Gaulish ware (commonly known as Samian), made in France and imported into Britain in large quantities during first three centuries a.d. Three styles are shown here : (1) Angular shape, ornament mostly geo- metrical, small figures occasionally. Made on site of La Granfesenque, Aveyron, France, about 40-80 a.d. (2) Transition, same ornament in round shape, made at La Grauf about 70-100 a.d. (3) Round shape, much larger and freer ornament, large figures, hunting scenes, myth- ology. Made on site of Lezoux, Puy-de-D6me, France, second century, a.d. Last remains of Greek art, by way of Graeco-Roman, till the revival of the Renaissance. 6 Roman Amphora (Wine Jar) Lent by the Guildhall Museum 7 " Prehistoric " Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 8 Roman Officer Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 9 One Double and one Single Sheet of Ordnance Map (25 inches) of Central London, with Sites of Roman Burials marked Lent by Reginald A. Smith, Esq. ver Gallery 5 0 Five Sectional Maps marked with Roman Roads Lent by Reginald A. Smith, Esq. 1 Map of Environs of London marked with Roman Roads Lent by Reginald A. Smith, Esq. 2 Roman Twentieth Legion Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 3 Roman Lictor Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 4 Two Drawings of the Roman Wall Drawn and lent by F. W. Reader, Esq. 5 London Wall discovered and demolished at Xewgate Demolition Drawn and lent by Hanslip Fletcher, Esq. 6 Remains of Old London Wall. America Square, Minories, exposed to view 1908 Lent by the London County Council 7 Remains of Old London Wall in America Square and Jewry Street, Aldgate, exposed to view 1908 Lent by the London County Council 8 Roman Tessellated Pavement found in Bucklersbury (1869) (chromo-lithograph) Lent by the Guildhall Library 9 Part of Roman Wall exposed to view when Newgate Prison was destroyed in 1903 Drawn and lent by Philip Norman - , Esq., LL.D. 0 Bird's-eye View of Excavations at Christ's Hospital, showing Piece of Roman Wall and Part of a Bastion Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 1 Water-colour drawing of Anglo-Saxon Remains found in London By C. Pr^torius, F.S.A. Lent by the Victoria County History Syndicate 2 Roman Vestiges — Photograph of Roman Pavement Lent by the Guildhall Library 3 Photographs of the Roman Wall Lent by F. W. Reader, Esq. 6 Lower Gallery 24 Photograph of Roman City Ditch Lent by F. W. Reader, Esq. 26 27 Photographs of London Stone and Roman Bath 28 Maps, showing Roman London Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 29 Danish Runic Stone (photograph) Lent by the Guildhall Library 30 Saxon Chief's Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 31 Dane's Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 32 Two Photographs — Tower of London Taken by and lent by Sir Benjamin Stone, F.S.A. 33 Norman Costume Lent by the Pageant of London 34 Roman Amphora (Wine, Jar) Lent by the Guildhall Museum Amphorae. With pointed base to stick in ground. Used to contain oil or wine. BAY B. Mediaeval London to the Great Fire, 1666. Mediaeval London was a city of winding streets with gabled houses, the upper storeys of which projected over the lower. It was also rich in churches and monastic buildings. CASE III. 35 Mediaeval Objects (See labels inside) Lent by the Guildhall Museum and Allan F. Vigers, Esq. Floor Tiles, Eighteenth Century. Such pavements as these are probably the successors of the Roman mosaic pavements, which sometimes contain baked tesserae. The manufacture of these tiles seems to have been the secret of certain monastic houses, and was jealously kept by them. The pavements occur more often in monasteries than elsewhere. Lower Gallery 7 Watering Pot. This has a thumb-hole at top, to control water sprayed through perforated base. Found in Moor Lane. (15th- 16th cent.) Cloth Cap (i6th Cent.) found in Worship Street. The rims of these caps were sometimes used as purses, for two gold coins found in that place are in the Guildhall Museum. Tudor Ware. Probably made at Farnham, for we read in a sixteenth century MS. that " the gentlemen of the Temple drank out of green earthen pots made from a white clay found at Farnham Park. 5 ' Medieval Leather. The pointed shape of boot of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, some carried to extravagant length, gave way in the sixteenth century to broad-toed shoes, which sometimes went to the other extreme. Early English Pottery. Very little is known of the dating of pottery before the sixteenth century. The tall shape is probably the earliest, belonging to the thirteenth century, and modelled on leather bottles of same shape. This awkward form soon gave way to more squat and stable forms, such as the others (14th and 15th cent.) The clay is coarse, red or buff, with a trans- parent lead glaze. The result is to heighten the red or bufT colour of the body. Green glaze was obtained by the addition of a metallic oxide. Roman Leather. Sandal with hobnails is a caliga, or soldier's sandal (whence nickname of Emperor Caligula). Sandals with hoops fastening over instep are crefida. Boots completely enclosing the foot, like our own, were also known. CASE IV. 36 Objects of Tudor and Stewart Periods (See labels inside) Lent by the Guildhall Museum, A. B. Yeates, Esq., Mrs. E. Harrington, Herbert Mansford, Esq., C. F. C. Buckmaster, Esq. Delft Drug Pots. Made at Delft, in Holland, and Lambeth, in England (and elsewhere), in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The clay is white, covered with a tin glaze. Small phials. (15th and 16th cent.) Wine Bottles. Very common in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 8 Lower Gallery Bellarmines Bellarmines (or Greybeards) were made mostly at Frechen, near Cologne, in the late sixteenth and early seven- teenth centuries. Mask and general shape of vessel said to be a Dutch Protestant caricature of Cardinal Bellarmino, who died 1621. Later in the century, imitations were made at a factory in Fulham. This ware is known as " stone- ware," made of clay that will stand a very great heat in firing, and become very hard when completely fired. The glaze is a " salt-glaze 55 ; that is, common salt was placed in the oven, and the fumes produced the glaze now seen on the vessels. Pipes. The earliest pipes (16th cent.) are the smallest. The flat button under the bowl, in these examples showing maker's marks, could be used to stand the pipe on. It was later reduced to a point. Staffordshire Ware. Specimens of large single and small triple " tygs." (17th cent.) 37 Mediaeval Tiles, discovered during Excavations in Cannon Street (water-colour) Lent by the London County Council 38 Three Costumes of the Period of Edward III. and Henry V. Lent by the Pageant of London 39 Wooden Water-main taken from the East Side of Berkeley Square, 1899 Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 40 Two Grotesque Oak Brackets from Albert House, South Street, Wandsworth Lent by the London County Council 41 Photograph of the Plan on Three Skins of the Water Supply to the Monastery of the Charterhouse, 1430 Lent by the Master of the Charterhouse The original plan of the water supply to the Monastery of the Salutation of the Blessed Virgin in the Charterhouse, near London, is the property of the Governors of Charter- house, E.C. It was made to accompany an agreement between John Fferiby and his wife Margaret on the one hand and the Prior of the Charterhouse on the other. This deed is dated the ninth year of Henry VI. (1430) and Duke Humphrey is one of the witnesses. The original deed is in the museum at Charterhouse, Godalming. Lower Gallery 9 The photograph is of the greatest interest, supplying an approximate ground plan of the Monastery (not, of course, accurate to scale) in the fifteenth century. The cells of the Great Cloister are lettered and the letters correspond to a MS. list in the Record Office, by a Carthusian monk, pre- pared about 1480, in which the names of the founders of the cells, commencing with Sir Walter Manny and Sir William Walworth, are recorded. The original skins are endorsed with a good many entries' of a later date, several of them apparently referring to alterations made in the supply in the early years of the sixteenth century. 42 Remains of Blackfriars Convent, on the North Side of Ireland Yard — destroyed in 1900 Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 43 Crypt, Laurence Poultney Hill Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. Under No. 3 Laurence Poultney Hill, house of Mr. John de Pulteney, Mayor in 1331-2-4-7 ; destroyed in 1894. 43A Map copied from Old Tapestries 44 Ancient Grave, Bermondsey Abbey (photo) Lent by the London County Council 45 Three Photographs of Charterhouse Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 46 View of London (15 10) Lent by the London Topographical Society 47 View of London about 1500 a.d. Enlarged from the original in the British Museum by D. C. Bluett, Esq. 48 Remains of the Blackfriars Monastery dis- covered in excavating foundations of the Office of " The Times ; 5 Newspaper By R. Rushen Lent by the Guildhall Library 49 Two Costumes of Period of Henry V. Lent by the Pageant of London 50 View of London {circa 1550) By Van den Wyngaerde Lent by the London Topographical Society 51 Holy Trinity, Minories — North Side, showing Gothic Remains Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. Now a parish room attached to St. Botolph's, Aldgate. It was originally the Chapel of the " Sorores Minores," or Nuns of St. Clare. It was largely rebuilt of brick in 1706. These remains were exposed after a fire in 1904. o Lower Gallery 52 Remains of the Priory Church of the Knights of St. John (Parish Church, Clerkenwell) Lent by the London County Council 53 Crosby Hall during Demolition, March, 1908 Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 54 Crosby Hall — Interior before the Demolition Drawn and lent by Hanslip Fletcher, Esq. 55 Exterior of Crosby Hall in i860 By Robert Barton Lent by R. Harvey Barton, Esq. 56 Crosby Hall — Interior, looking North, 1907 Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. A short time before its demolition. Date of the building, 466-70. 57 Steelyard of Sir Thomas Gresham Lent by George Hubbard, Esq., F.R.LB.A. 58 Cast of Panel from Ceiling of a House at Stratford-le-Bow Lent by the Craft School 59 Panoramic View of London in the Year Shakespeare died Lent by John B. Thorp, Esq. 60 View of London, 16 16 By Visscher Lent by the London Topographical Society 61 Four Photographs of Eltham Palace Lent by the London County Council 62 Map of London, published in 1572 By J. Hoefnagel Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 63 Staple Inn Hall Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 64 Costume of a Lady {temp. Henry VII.) Lent by the Pageant of London 65 Specimen of Oak Panelling, Linen Pattern, from Church Row, Fulham (about 1500) Lent by the London County Council 66 View of London, 1647 By Hollar Lent by the London Topographical Society Lower Gallery i i 67 St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell Lent by the London County Council 68 Old Houses, Wych Street (photograph) Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 69 Domestic Architecture, Leadenhall Street and Duke Street Lent by William Bowen, Esq. 70 Marriage Fete at Bermondsey about 1590 — Tower of Church of St. Mary Magdalen on right After J. Hoefnagel Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 71 Smithfield Martyrs (two prints) Lent by the London County Council 72 John Stow's Monument 72A Monument to the Poet Donne in St. Paul's By Arthur Robertson Lent by Mrs. J. R. Green 73 The Procession of King Edward VI. Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 74 Two Costumes, Field of the Cloth of Gold Lent by the Pageant of London 75 Costume, Beefeater {temp. Elizabeth) Lent by the Pageant of London 76 Banqueting House, Whitehall Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 77 Drawing of the Speaker's House, after the Fire Lent by Allan F. Vigers, Esq. 78 Monument of Dr. Young Lent by the London County Council 79 Two Costumes of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth Lent by the Pageant of London 80 Bust of John Stow Lent by the Royal Institute of British Architects John Stow was born in London in the parish of St. Michael, Cornhill, in 1525. His father and grandfather were also citizens, and residents of that parish. It is believed that he followed the trade of tailoring; but he made it the work of his life to describe London, historically and topographically. His works are the most valuable records that exist of London before the Great Fire (1666). He first published his Summary of English Chronicles in 1561, his Annals in 1588, and his Survey of London in 1598. 12 Lower Gallery His work brought him no wealth, and shortly before his death he was granted a mendicant's licence by James I. His literary executor, Edmond Howes, gives this description of his person : He was tall of stature, lean of body and face, his eyes small and crystalline, of a pleasant and cheerful countenance ; his sight and memory very good ; very sober, mild, and courteous to any that required bis instruc- tions ; and retained the true use of his faculties till the day of his death. 8 1 Costume — Charles II. Lent by the Pageant of London BAY C. From the Great Fire to George III. CASE V. 82 Various Objects of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (See labels inside) Lent by the Guildhall Museum, A. B. Yeates, Esq., SOUTHVVARK PUBLIC LIBRARIES, A. F. VlGERS,. Esq. C. F. C. Buckmaster, Esq. CASE VI. 83 (a) Figure of Red Indian (Tobacconist's sign) Lent by the Southwark Public Libraries (b) Bracket Clock, by Thomas Tompion Lent by Alfred B. Yeates, Esq. (c) Minerva Bust, from The Old Bun House, Chelsea Lent by the Southwark Public Libraries (d) A Baton, inscribed, " George III., Chelse \, 1817 Lent by Randall Davies, Esq., F.S.A. (e) Large Snuff Box, with Miniature of the Duke of York, by Raven Lent by Allan F. Vigers, Esq. CASE VII. 84 Pewter Objects — (a) Inkstand (b) Tinder Box Lower Gallery 13 (c) Two-handled Milk Jug (d) Badge, formerly worn by Bargemen of the Company Lent by the Worshipful Company of Pewterers (e) Large Tankard (18th cent.) (f) Punch Bowl and Ladle (18th cent.) Lent by Alfred B. Yeates, Esq. (g) Six Snuff Boxes (h) Six SnufT Boxes Lent by C. F. C. Buckmaster, Esq. 85 Two Wood Capitals By Grinling Gibbons . Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 86 Hollar's Exact Survey, 1667 Lent by the Topographical Society 87 Perspective View of Privy Gardens, Whitehall Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 88 A Perspective View of Whitehall Lent by William Bowen, Esq. The famous Holbein Gate was removed 1750, and the materials were sold to repair the highways . 89 Inside View of the Royal Exchange Lent by William Bowen/ Esq. This was the second building of the name, and was opened in 1669. It was entirely destroyed by fire in January, 1838. 90 Grosvenor Square Lent by the London County Council 91 The South-east Prospect of Westminster Bridge Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 92 Westminster Bridge — begun 1738, finished 1750 Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 93 Leicester Square Lent by the London County Council 94 The Lord Mayor's Mansion House Lent by William Bowen, Esq. The remarkable shop-signs in Lombard Street should be noted. 95 A Perspective View of Covent Garden Lent by William Bowen, Esq. 96 Two Cupids with flat shafts below Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's i 4 Lower Gallery 97 Costume, City Alderman (temp. Charles II.) Lent by the Pageant of London 98 Temple Bar — West View Lent by the London County Council 99 View of London, taken on the Thames, near York Stairs Lent by the Guildhall Library 100 Two Lead Cistern Fronts Lent by the Guildhall Museum • 10 1 Westminster Bridge Lent by the Guildhall Library 102 Riot in Broad Street, E.C., June 7, 1780 Lent by the Guildhall Library 103 The Royal Exchange, 1781 Lent by the Guildhall Library 104 Seat of Sir William Ashurst, Highgate Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 105 Wrought-iron Balustrade in the style of Jean Tijou (1690-17 11) (photograph) Lent by the London County Council 106 Water Gate at York House Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 107 Two Pieces 'of Iron Ornament By Jean Tijou Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 108 Two Iron Pilasters By Jean Tijou Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 109 Openwork Wood Panel By Grinling Gibbons Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 1 10 Piece of Carving of Arched Form By Grinling Gibbons Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's The carved woodwork and the ironwork here shown were removed from the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral when the organ was removed from its former position to its present one. The influence of Grinling Gibbons, the wood-carver, and that of Tijou, the ironworker, have been strong on the architecture of London, for though most of the houses of the late seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries were plain and flat in their general appearance, their gates, doorways, Lower Gallery and interior carvings, were usually rich, and followed the styles of Gibbons and Tijou. in King Street, Guildhall, 1783 Lent by the Guildhall Library 112 Internal View of the Guildhall Lent by the Guildhall Library ] 13 View of Somerset Place, including the Adelphi Lent by the London County Council The terrace of Somerset House forms a promenade 800 feet long by 50 feet wide, and was formerly opened to the public on Sundays. By it the main elevation of Somerset House is raised about 50 feet above the river, and thus greatly enhances the dignity of that noble facade. Sir Wm. Chambers, architect, 1776-1786. 114 View of the Cities of London and Westminster, with the Suburbs and circumjacent country Lent by the Guildhall Library 115 The Royal Mews, Charing Cross Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 116 117 Somerset Terrace Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 118 Hanover Square (1787) Lent by the Guildhall Library 119 Grosvenor Square (1789) Lent by the Guildhall Library 120 Door with Ironwork Panel Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 121 Vestibule, Somerset Place Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 122 Bloomsbury Square (1787) Lent by the Guildhall Library 123 Queen Square (1789) Lent by the Guildhall Library 124 Iron Bracket Lent by the Dean & Chapter of St. Paul's 125 Uniform of Captain Cook Lent by the Pageant of London 126 Westminster Bridge, etc. (1797) Lent by the Royal Institute of British Architects i6 Lower Gallery 127 (1) Old St. Paul's (2) View of Old London from Blackheath Lent by the London County Council 128 View of the Tower, from the Thames Lent by the London County Council 129 Military Uniform — Canadian War, under Wolfe Lent by the Pageant of London 130 Chelsea and Battersea By Farington Lent by Randall Davies, Esq., F.S.A. 131 View of the Choir of St. Paul's on the Day of Thanksgiving for the Recovery of George the Third ; 1798 Engraved by R. Pollard, after E. Dayes Lent by Lady Maria Ponsonby 132 Mr. Lunardi's Balloon, as shown at the Pan- theon, 1784 Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 133 Grand Funeral Procession of Lord Nelson passing through Temple Bar Lent by John H. P. Walter, Esq. 134 View of Lord Nelson's Funeral, from Green- wich to Whitehall by River Lent by John H. F. Walter, Esq. 135 Garden, Carlton House Lent by His Grace The Duke of Grafton 136 King George III. reviewing his Troops on Blackheath Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 137 The Royal Procession in St. Paul's on St. George's Day, 1789 Engraved by T. Neagle after E. Dayes Lent by Lady Maria Ponsonby 138 Chelsea, from Millbank By Farington Lent by Randall Davies, Esq., F.S.A. 139 East India House Lent by the Port of London Authority Lower Gallery i7 140 View of the Little Sanctuary, from the West End Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 141 142 143 144 View of Chelsea Waterworks Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 145 View of the Road and Waterworks of Chelsea Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 146 Proclamation of Peace at the Royal Exchange, April 29, 1802 Lent by the Guildhall Library END, OR NORTH WALL. {Note. — Nos. 147 to 155 are lent by the London County Council) 147 St. Dunstan's, Fleet Street (unfinished) St. Dunstan's Church just escaped the Great Fire of 1666. The wonderful clock was made in 1671. The church was taken down in 1829. (Nos. 148 to 155 are by T. H. Shepherd) "The Queen's Head." Islington 148 149 150 151 153 154 155 Aldgate Pump and Old Houses (two views) Aldgate High Street — City Boundary Minor ies — Ol d Houses Aldgate — " Three Nuns " Inn Aldgate— " The Bull " Inn Aldgate — " Saracen's Head " Aldgate—" Blue Boar " Inn Tower Hill—" Old George "Inn . Thames Street — " Ship " Tavern, Water Lane " Bull and Gate " Inn, Holborn " French Horn " Inn, Holborn Old Manor House, Gravel Lane, Southwark "The Falcon," Bankside, formerly Resi- dence of Sir Christopher Wren 1 8 Lower Gallery 156 (1) Highgate, and Chapel in 1748 (2) Toten Hall — commonly called Tottenham Court Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 157 Three Water-colour Drawings of Chalk Farm Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 158 "The Gun" Tavern— (1) Front; (2) Back Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 159 Church of St. George, Hanover Square (two views) Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 160 (1) New Lyceum Theatre (2) Box Entrance. Lyceum Theatre Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 161 Don Saltero's Coffee House, Chelsea By J. T. Wilson Lent by Herbert Mansford, Esq. 162 Hythe Street, Rorherhithe By' J. T. Wilson Lent by Herbert Mansford, Esq. 163 The "Joiners' Arms," Camberwell, 1832 Lent by Herbert Mansford, Esq 164 The " Eight Bells," Fulham, showing the Old Bridge By J. T. Wilson Lent by Herbert Mansford, Esq. 165 Kingshold House Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 166 School for Indigent Blind, St. George's Fields Lent by Wm. Bo wen, Esq. 167 Blackfriars Bridge, etc. Lent by Wm. Bowen, Esq. 168 Surrey Theatre, Magdalen, etc. Lent by William Bowen, Esq. 169 " Old Monster " Tavern, Pimlico Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 170-174 Hunger ford Market Lent by the Royal Institute of British Architects Lower Gallery 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 Map, showing the Growth of Building Opera- tions in London from 1745 to the present time Lent by the London County Council 182 Model of State Barge of the Cloth workers Company Lent by the Worshipful Company of Clothworkers CASE VIII. 183 Books (1) Tegg's New Picture and Boyle's Guide Lent by Lady Maria Ponsonby (2) Almanac Lent by Mrs. Harrington (3) Ten Books Lent by F. J. Harvey Darton, Esq. (4) Picture of London, 1802 Lent by A. L. Behrend, Esq. BAY D. 184 Carved Wood Column (late 18th cent.) Lent by the London County Council Taken from 29 Great George Street, S.W. Group of Prints by Wenceslaus Hollar. 185 Arundel House (two prints) Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. This was the most extensive and the most historic of the aristocratic residences lying between the Strand and the river, Somerset House only excepted. It covered an area about three hundred yards square; Arundel, Howard, Norfolk, and Surrey Streets now occupy the site. 20 Lower Gallery Originally the town residence of the Bishops of Bath and Wells, it was seized by Royalty, but was ultimately pur- chased by the Earl of Arundel. Here were collected the " Arundel marbles," since given to the University of Oxford, and here the Royal Society met for some time. Among celebrated guests were Old Parr, who came to Lon- don on a visit at the age of 152, and died in this house. His body was dissected by Harvey, who attributed the death to the impurity of the London atmosphere and change of diet. About the same time, Hollar stayed at Arundel House, where he made many of his etchings, of which these are among the gems. He is thought to have been converted to Roman Catholicism by his host. Wencelaus Hollar was a Bohemian by birth and a bohemian by nature, dying with bailiffs in his rooms. He was brought to England by Lord Arundel, for whom he engraved several of the pictures in his patron's possession. During the Civil War he took sides with the Royalists, and was made prisoner at the siege of Basing House. His prints are stated to number 2,733, and are characterised by their firmness yet lightness of touch. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Margaret's, Westminster. 186 Three prints of Islington Waterworks Lent by T. E. Harvey, Esq., M.P. 187 Westminster Abbey Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries In this view we see the state of the West end as it re- mained from the end of the fifteenth century to the end of the seventeenth. The west gable had remained merely boarded until Wren carried up the towers on either side. Wren also formed the base of the tower at the crossing, but his project for a spire has never been carried out. The north transept front was partly rebuilt in 1828, and again re-faced about twenty-five years since. 188 View of Greenwich Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. This view from the park was made before it was planted with avenues by Le Notre, the famous French gardener patronised by Charles II. The momentous choice of a site for Greenwich Observatory was made by Sir Christopher Wren. The building was constructed of the materials of a tower which had previously occupied the site and some spare bricks which had been lying at Tilbury Fort. The classic building in the centre of the plate is the oldest block of the structures forming Greenwich Hospital. It was designed by Inigo Jones for Henrietta Maria, and in; Hollar's time was the most recent addition to the old Tudor Lower Gallery 21 palace where Henry VII., Mary, and Elizabeth, were born, and Edward VI. died. Hollar dedicated this engraving to Henrietta Maria, but finding the Queen's unpopularity inter- fered with the sale, erased the inscription in later prints. He is stated to have received merely 30s. for this plate. 189 Small view of London, from top of Arundel House Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. 190 Small view of London Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. 191 Westminster Abbey, Hall, and Parliament House Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 192 The Burning of St. Paul's Lent by the London County Council 193 Whitehall Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. 194 Plan of Bedford House, and Piazza of Covent Garden Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 195 Tothill Fields Lent by the London County Council 196 Westminster Hall Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. 197 The Parliament Houses Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. 198 Lambeth House Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. Group of Prints by and after Hogarth. 199 Gin Lane Lent by Messrs, Truman, H anbury, Buxton & Co. 200 Beer Street Lent by Messrs. Truman, Hanbury, Buxton & Co. 201 (1) The Times (2) The Times— Plate II. Lent by the County Council oe Middlesex Industry and Idleness 202 (1) The Apprentices at their Looms (2) The Industrious Apprentice at Church 203 (1) The Idle Apprentice Gambling (2) The Industrious Apprentice in Favour 22 Lower Gallery 204 (1) The Idle Apprentice sent to Sea (2) The Industrious Apprentice Married 205 (1) The Idle Apprentice arrested for Murder (2) The Idle Apprentice committed by the In- dustrious Apprentice 206 The Idle Apprentice executed at Tyburn 207 The Industrious Apprentice Lord Mayor of London Lent by the County Council of Middlesex 208 The House of Commons, with Portraits Lent by the County Council of Middlesex 209 Wood Mantelpiece Pilasters and Entablature from 65 Tufton Street, S.W. ; Grate from 41 London Street, Stepney ; Fireback from 2 Portsmouth Street; and Fender from 25 Millbank Street Lent by the London County Council 210 Promenade in St. James's Park Lent by the Guildhall Library Group of Prints after Hogarth. • 211 The Enraged Musician Lent by the County Council of Middlesex 212 Four Prints — Morning, Noon, Evening, Night Lent by the Southwark Public Libraries 213 Southwark Fair Lent by W. J. HlPKiN, Esq. 214 The March of the Guards to Scotland (1745) Lent by the Southwark Public Libraries 214A The Royal Masquerade at Somerset House Lent by the County Council of Middlesex Group of Mezzotints and Stipple Engravings. 215 Highbury Place By R. Pollard and Juke, after R. Dodd Lent by the Guildhall Library 216 Inside of the Pantheon By Earlom, after Brandon Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 217 The Beauties of Bagnigge Wells Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. Lower Gallery 23 218 "Round and sound, Fivepence a pound, Duke cherries ' ' — one of the series of " Cries of London " By Cardon, after Wheatley Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 219 Benn's Club, 1752 After Thomas Hudson Lent by Sir Walter S. Prideaux 220 The Bread and Butter Manufactory; or, The Humours of Bagnigge Wells By F. R. Smith, after Sanders Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 221 The Young Maid and the Old Sailor Prepared by Walker and finished by Bartolozzi, after H. Walton Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 222 Highbury and Canonbury Places By Pollard and Jukes, after R. Dodd Lent by the Guildhall Library 223 Royal Academy, 1772 By Earlom, after Brandoin Lent by the Guildhall Library 224 The Fashionable Dresses for the year 1775 Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 225 " Hot spice gingerbread, smoaking hot " — from the " Cries of London ' ' By Vendramini, after Wheatley Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 226 Late Eighteenth Century Oval Column, from No. 32 Great George Street, S.W. Lent by the London County Council 227 Cast of Portrait Bust of Dr. Johnson By Nollekins Lent by Messrs. D. Brucciani & Co., Ltd. 228 An Iron Knocker, formerly at Bolt Court, Fleet Street, at one time the residence of Dr. Johnson Lent by Messrs. Barclay, Perkins & Co., Ltd. 229 A Mahogany Stuffed Chair, known as Dr. Samuel Johnson's Arm Chair Lent by Messrs. Barclay, Perkins & Co., Ltd. 2 4 Lower Gallery 230 Hogarth's Shaving Glass Lent by Lieut. -Colonel Robert W. Shipway 231 Hogarth's Punch Bowl Lent by Lieut. -Colonel Robert W. Shipway 232 Hogarth's Bureau Lent by Lieut. -Colonel Robert W. Shipway 233 Life Cast (the first) of the Head of William Blake Made by Devin Lent by Sir William Blake Richmond, K.C.B., R.A. William Blake, draughtsman, engraver, poet, and prophet, was born at No. 28 Broad Street, W.C., near Golden Square, in 1757. He was a Londoner all his life, and died at 3 Fountain Court, Strand, in 1827. He was buried in Bunhill Fields. His " Songs of Innocence and Experience " were published in 1789. They were illus- trated by coloured engravings, produced in a manner peculiar to himself. His " Inventions for the Book of Job 53 are generally thought his finest illustrations. His poems were a strong influence in producing the development of romantic literature in the early decades of the nine- teenth century. 234 Military Uniform, Napoleonic Wars Lent by the Pageant of London 235 Four Coloured Prints of Interior of Shops Lent by William Bowen, Esq. 236 A Bird's-eye View of Covent Garden Market Lent by the London County Council • (Nos. 237 to 241 are by J. B. Cuming and lent by the South wark Public Libraries) 237 238 239 1) Peckham Rye 2) Goose Green, Peckham 3) Peckham Rye, Goose Green 4) Hut on Peckham Rye 1) Rye House, Peckham 2) Nunhead, Peckham 3) Nunhead 1) House at Camberwell Green 2) Gilbart's Cottage 3) Old House, Wandsworth 4) Bradford's, Cousins's, and Fisher's Cottages Lower Gallery 25 240 (1) Ruins, Bermondsey Abbey (sepia) (2) Bishop Bonner's Palace, Lambeth Marsh (sepia) 241 (1) Bishop Bonner's House, Lambeth Marsh (2) Greenwich Park EASTERN WALL. Drawings of Old London by Living Artists. 242 Holywell Street in 1886 Drawn and lent by Sir Ernest George, A.R.A. 243 The Mall— York Gate By Frank Lishman Lent by W. F. Nicholson, Esq. 244 A Spring Morning in Clifford's Inn Drawn and lent by Frank Lishman, Esq. 245 Evening in Limehouse Basin Drawn and lent by Frank Lishman, Esq. 246 Leadenhall Market Drawn and lent by Sir Ernest George, A.R.A. 247 Old Houses, Millbank Drawn and lent by Gilbert A. Ramsay, Esq. 248 The Hall, Gray's Inn Drawn and lent by Frank Lishman, Esq. 249 Staples Inn, Holborn Drawn and lent by Sir Ernest George, A.R.A. 250 Twelve Frames containing Nineteen Drawings (See Pictures for Titles and Descriptive Notes.) By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent by the Victoria & Albert Museum 251 Paul Pindar's House, Bishopsgate Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 252 The " George " Inn, Southwark Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. From the Borough High Street, 1888; portion to right still standing. A very old inn stood there in 1554. Rebuilt time of Charles II. 253 Back of "White Hart " Inn, Southwark Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. Where Jack Cade put up when he attacked London ; and where Mr. Pickwick met Sam Weller. The back part of the building was used later by a bacon-curer. Destroyed 1889. 26 Lower Gallery 254 The " Old Bell " Inn, Holborn—East Gallery Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 255 Fifteen Frames containing Eighteen Drawings (See Pictures for Titles and Descriptive Notes.) By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent by the Victoria & Albert Museum 256 Portsmouth House, Portsmouth Street Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. Destroyed 1904. This was originally the corner house of the west side of Lincoln's Inn Fields, and was designed by Inigo Jones. Those remaining are all plastered over. 257 Temple Bar — taken down in 1878 Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 258 Two Frames containing Four Drawings (See Pictures for Titles and Descriptive Notes.) By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent by the Victoria & Albert Museum 259 Garden House, Clement's Inn Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. In 1883 Clement's Inn was disestablished, and the old buildings were pulled down shortly afterwards. 260 Doorway of No. 33 Mark Lane Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 261 Eight Frames containing Eleven Drawings (See Pictures for Titles and Descriptive Notes.) By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent by the Victoria & Albert Museum (Note. — Nos. 262 to 271 are drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 262 Room in Fleet Street The Inner Temple Gate-house, or No. 17 Fleet Street. 263 " The Vine," Mile End Road From the East, September, 1903, when demolition had just begun. 264 PauFs Wharf Old buildings, as seen from St. Paul's Pier, 1894. 265 The " Old Bell " and " Black Bull," Holborn The " Black Bull 55 is mentioned in 1708. It is asso- ciated with Sarah Gamp in Dickens's " Martin Chuzzlewit." 266 West Side of Lincoln's Inn Fields Showing houses designed by Inigo Jones. Drawn in 1910. 267 A View in Wych Street — with Evening Sky Lower Gallery 27 268 Canonbury Tower, Islington, 1907, before recent " restoration ' ' 269 " Old Bell " Inn, Holborn— Interior of Coffee Room The various paintings of the £C Old Bell " Inn, Holborn, were done in 1897, an d ^ was destroyed immediately after- wards, together with the adjoining " Black Bull. 5 ' It is first mentioned in a deed of 1538, but the galleries dated from Charles II. and the front from about 1720. 270 Framework Knitters Almshouses, 1906 They were built in 1734, and adjoined the grounds of the Ironmongers Almshouses. 271 Ironmongers Almshouses, 1906 Founded, by Sir Robert Geoffreyes, 1703. The old people are to be removed, but the buildings will remain. 272 Emanuel Hospital, Westminster Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries (Note. — Nos. 273 to 283 are drawn and lent by Hanslip Fletcher, Esq. 273 Doorway of St. George's, Botolph Lane 274 Corner of Bow Street 275 Churchyard of St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield 276 Newgate — Old Bailey 277 Racquet Court, Fleet Street 278 Old Shops, Cripplegate 279 Newgate — Governor's House 280 Took's Court 281 Smithfield 282 Cloth Fair, looking towards Smithfield 283 Dr. Johnson's House, Gough Square (Note. — Nos. 284 to 2Q7 are drawn and lent by Frank L. Emanuel, Esq.) 284 Royal Mint Street 285 Back of "The Old Saracen's Head " 286 At Holborn Bars 287 (1) Back of Holvwell Street (2) "Harper's Arms," Theobald's Road 28 Lower Gallery 288 Old Houses, Fetter Lane 289 (1) Sardinian Chapel, Sardinia Street (2) Windsor Court, Strand 290 St. Mary-le-Strand 291 Peter-the-Great's House and Buckingham Gate (Embankment Gardens) 292 At the back of St. Bartholomew's 293 "The Rising Sun/' Holywell Street 294 Pudding Lane, Eastcheap 295 (1) The Strand Mortuary (2) In Fetter Lane (3) Entrance to the " Black Bull," High Holborn 296 Cloth Fair, Smithfield 297 St. Bartholomew's Churchyard 298 St. Mary-le-Strand By Han slip Fletcher Lent by Lady Hanson 299 Old Houses, St. Bartholomew's, Smithfield Drawn and lent by Gilbert A. Ramsay, Eq. CENTRE OF WALL. 300 An Old Southwark Brewery By D. WOLSTENHOLME Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. Exhibited at the Royal Academy. 301 The Hour Glass Brewery, Thames Street, E.C. By D. WOLSTENHOLME Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. Exhibited at the Royal Academy. 302 Six Photographs of Old London Lent by A. E. Street, Esq. 303 Two Frames of Photographs of Old London Lent by A. E. Street, Esq. 304 Two Frames of Photographs of Old London Lent by A. E. Street, Esq. 305 Twenty-two Photographs of Old London Taken by, and lent by Sir J. Benjamin Stone, F.S.A. Lower Gallery 29 306 Bird's -eye View of Covent Garden Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 307 Old Farm, Peckham Rye Lent by the Borough of Camber well Public Libraries 308 Coldharbour Lane Lent by the Borough of Camberwell Public Libraries 309 310 CENTRE OF GALLERY. 311 Figure of a Highlander (Tobacconist's sign) Lent by the Duke of Wellington, K.G., G.C.V.O. 312 Figure of a Wounded Man Lent by the Governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital 313 Half figure of a Wounded Man Lent by the Governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital 314 Figure of a Highlander — an old Tobacconist's Sign Lent by Messrs. Catesbys, Ltd. {Note. — The Five Models, Nos. 315 to 319, made and lent by John B. Thorp, Esq.) 315 Old London Bridge, 1630 316 Old Charing Cross, 1620 317 Old Cheapside, 1580 318 Entrance to the Fleet River, 1550 319 Old St. Paul's, 1560 Old London is here depicted by a series of Scenic Models embracing that portion of the City which was destroyed during the Great Fire of 1666. Old London Bridge is first shown, as it was from a little baker's shop in Fish Street Hill, a few hundred feet from the foot of the Bridge, that the Fire broke out on September 2, at two o'clock in the morning, and which, after lasting for three days and nights, died out at Pye Corner, consuming over 13,000 houses, 89 churches, and laying bare over 400 acres. It was upon the existence of Old London Bridge that the City of London depended, as travellers from the south 30 Lower Gallery could only enter the City by crossing it. The Bridge stood about 200 feet lower down the river than our present London Bridge, and was commenced in 1176, taking 33 years to complete. It was 40 feet wide and 900 feet long, and was constructed by driving oak and elm piles into the bed of the river, and then forming a solid foundation by throwing large stones in between these piles, on which were built the nineteen stone piers. These were strengthened by the for- mation of Stirlings, which reduced the waterway to 195 feet at low tide — less than a quarter the width of the whole river. From time to time on this, the first stone bridge to be built across the Thames, were erected houses, until it was covered from end to end, with the exception of three openings. The houses were used as shops below and dwelling-houses above. The visitors are then shown Cheapside, which was the market-place of mediaeval London, and it is here worth noting that owing to the trades being marshalled accord- ing to their different callings, the streets leading out of it were named after the various trades that were carried on. Hence we have Wood Street, where the woodsellers came with their faggots; Milk Street for milk; Honey Lane and Market, for the sale of honey, sugar not being intro- duced until after the Crusades; and Ironmonger Lane for the blacksmiths. At the end of the Cheap was the Poultry, or Fowl Market, and on the south side Friday Street, where the largest sale of fish took place on the Fast days, and Bread Street for the bakers. Opposite Wood Street stood the Cross, around which was held the Great Tournament in honour of Edward III. and Philippa of Hainault, while further eastward was the Conduit, supplying the City with water, brought all the way from Paddington in wooden pipes. Passing from Cheapside, Old St. Paul's is next shown. This Cathedral was commenced after the first great fire of 1 136 and stood until the second great fire destroyed it in 1666. The building varied in architecture from early Norman to pointed and decorative Gothic. In the centre was a stone tower, on which was erected a wooden spire, terminating with a ball and cross, 520 feet above the pave- ment. This spire was struck by lightning in 1561, and burnt down to the stonework and was not built up again. On the south-west side of the Cathedral stood the Norman Church of St. Gregory, at the west of the south transept was the Chapter House, portions of the foundations of this are still to be seen in the Churchyard, and underneath the choir was the parish church of St. Faith's. At the beginning of the seventeenth century the Cathedral fell into a very dilapidated state, Christopher Wren had orders from the King to renovate it, but the Great Fire of 1666 so destroyed the building that what remained was pulled down and the present classical Cathedral built on the site. Lower Gallery 3i On leaving the Cathedral, the north bank of the Thames is shown, commencing with Baynard's Castle which was built at the same time as the Tower of London and Windsor Castle, by Lord Baynard, who came over with William the Conqueror. Journeying westward, the remains of the Blackfriars Monastery is shown standing on the east bank of the Fleet, and on the west bank Bridewell Palace, a very ancient building where King John held some of his first Parliaments. The Fleet River had its source in Highgate, and passed through Kentish Town, King's Cross, past Mount Pleasant, along Farringdon Street and Bridge Street to the Thames. As late as 1306 it was navigable to King's Cross ; but, becoming gradually choked with mud, it was finally, by Act of Parliament in 1733, arched over, and has now become a covered sewer. The last representation is that of old Charing Cross, showing Westminster in the distance. The Cross, which stood on the site now occupied by the Statue of Charles I., was the last of the long list of crosses from Herdby, in Lincoln, to Westminster, erected by Edward I. in memory of Queen Eleanor. Behind the Cross stood the public pillory, and on the east was Suffolk House, afterwards called Northumberland House, and on the west St. James's Park. In 1546, Henry VIII. com- missioned Holbein, the painter, to build a new gate across Whitehall, and it was given the name of Holbein's Gate ; it stood until 1759, when it was pulled down to make way for Parliament Street. On the left of Holbein's Gate was the Banqueting House, part of the Palace designed by Inigo Jones for James I., but never completed. It is now the Museum of the Royal United Service Institution. Charles I. was beheaded on a scaffold erected in front of the Ban- queting House. The work has been carried out by Mr. John B. Thorp, a London architect and art modeller, and has taken many years of research and study to complete, and cannot but leave with the visitors a lasting impression of what London appeared like in the Middle Ages. Anyone wishing to have further information with regard to these Old London Models can purchase a small booklet at the turnstile for the sum of one penny, also some very fine views in photogravure, suitable for framing, at .6d. each. 320 Inn Sign — The Goose and Gridiron Lent by the Guildhall Museum 321 Wood Mantel, from Church Row, Fulham Lent by the London County Council 322 Inn Sign— " The Leather Bottel " Lent by the Guildhall Museum 3 2 Lower Gallery 323 Inn Sign—" The Three Balls " Lent by the Guildhall Museum 324 Photographs of Three Old Shop Signs Lent by the London County Council 325 "The Little Wooden Midshipman," immortalised by Dickens in " Dombey and Son " Lent by Messrs Norie & Wilson, Ltd. 326 Two Carved Mantelshelves from 2 Baldwin Place and South Street, Wandsworth Lent by the London County Council 327 Figure of a Sailor — Tobacconist's sign Lent by the Duke of Wellington, K.G., G.C.V.O. 328 Carved Mantelshelf from Keeley Street Lent by the London County Council 328A Site of Tyburn Gallows Lent by the London County Council BACKS OF MODELS. 329 Fifty-eight Drawings — " Disappearing London," 1880-1902 (See Labels) By J. P. Emslie Lent by the London Topographical Society (Note. — Nos. 330 to 333 are lent by William Bowen, Esq.) 330 Three Coloured Prints Bullock's Museum. This forgotten museum of natural history was exhibited from 1812 until 1819, when it was sold for nearly ^£10,000. It cost three times that amount. Polito's Exeter Change. This menagerie was exceedingly popular until 1828. Exeter Change was demolished in 1829. 331 Coronation Banquet, Westminster Hall, July 18, 1821 332 Nine Prints in uniform sized frames from Rowlandson & Pugin's " Microcosm " The nine aquatints are from the celebrated cc Micro- cosm of London, 55 illustrated by Rowlandson and " Microcosm of London, 55 illustrated by Rowlandson and Lower Gallery 33 Pugin. It was published in 1808. No expense was spared to ensure accuracy and perfection. The splendid work remains as an accepted authority of the period. COCK-FIGHTING. This print is interesting as showing the last of the in- famous cockpits, situated in Park Street, Westminster. Cock-fighting is now illegal. 333 Pall Mall 334 Entrance to Tottenham Court Road Turnpike, with View of St. James's Chapel After Rowlandson Lent by J. Landfear Lucas, Esq. 335 View in Hyde Park Engraved by M. Dubourg, after Pollard Lent by Lady Maria Ponsonby (Note. — Nos. 336 to 338 are lent by William Bowen, Esq.) 336 View of the Temple of Concord in the Green Park, for the Grand Jubilee, 1814 337 View of Westminster Abbey fitted up for the Coronation, 182 1 338 Two Military Colour Prints The Volunteer movement was the result of a French invasion scare. Each district had its own distinct uniform — generally very brilliant. Twelve thousand were reviewed in Hyde Park by King George III. in 1799. 339 Old City Mansion, Botolph Lane, Eastcheap, now demolished By Hanslip Fletcher Lent by Lady Hanson 340 Staircase in Old House, Botolph Lane, East- cheap, now demolished Drawn and lent by Hanslip Fletcher, Esq. 341 Details of Woodwork on First Floor, No. 3 Clifford's Inn Lent by the London County Council 342 Drawing of a Room in No. 3 Clifford's Inn, Drawn and lent by Hanslip Fletcher, Esq. Panelling now removed to the Victoria & Albert Museum. 343 The "Oxford Arms," Warwick Lane Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 344 Chimney piece of the Sessions House at Clerkenwell Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 34 Lower Gallery 345 Three Old Timber Houses, formerly in Fetter Lane Lent by the London County Council 346 Old Houses at the Back of Southampton Row By Muirhead Bone Lent by Campbell Dodgson, Esq. 347 Middle Temple Hall Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 348 Chinese Wallpaper hung in 1824 at Clarence House, Brockwell Park Lent by the London County Council 349 North-east Angle, Waterloo Place Lent by the London County Council 350 The Last of Newgate By Muirhead Bone Lent by Reginald Blomfield, Esq., A.R.A. 351 Little Dean's Yard, Westminster Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 352 Lincoln's Inn Gateway, 1518 Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 353 Three Frames of Various Photographs Lent by the London County Council 354 Somerset House (dry-point etching) By Muirhead Bone Lent by J. Hutchinson, Esq., F.R.C.S. 355 Two Framed Photographs — < (1) Marshalsea Prison, Borough (2) Neville's Court, Fetter Lane Lent by the London County Council 356 The "Tabard" Inn, Southwark ; destroyed 1875 (etching) By Percy Thomas Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 357 St. James's Street, showing the Holbein Gate By J. M. Whistler Lent by J. Hutchinson, Esq., F.R.C.S. 358 Three Framed Photographs — (1) Lindsey House, Lincoln's Inn Fields (2) George Inn Yard, Southwark (3) Gray's Inn Hall Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries Lower Gallery 35 359 Waterloo Bridge, from the works for building the Embankment By Edwin Edwards Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 360 "The Fox and Grapes " Tavern, High^ale (charcoal drawing) By F. Mura Lent by J. Hutchinson, Esq., F.R.C.S. 361 Old Houses at Greenwich (charcoal drawing) By F. Mura Lent by J. Hutchinson, Esq., F.R.C.S. END SCREEN. 362 Nell Gwynne's House, Drury Lane; destroyed 1890 Painted and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 363 " The Cock and Magpie " Tavern, Drury Lai:e By J. Seymour Lucas, R.A. Lent by the Guildhall Library 364 Old Chelsea By Lan dells Lent by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Councillors of the Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea 365 Stoke Newirigton Old Parish Church Lent by the Stoke Newington Public Library 366 Merchant Taylors Hall By Hanslip Fletcher Lent by Lady Hanson BACK OF SCREEN. 367 An Ordinary on Sunday (colour print) Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 368 Bartholomew Fair Lent by the Guildhall Library 369 Two Prints — (1) Execution of Lord Lovat Lent by William Bowen, Esq. (2) Fleet Ditch Lent by the London County Council 370 Four Frames of Old Newspapers, Concert Tickets, Shop Cards, etc. Lent by William Bowen, Esq. 36 Small Gallery 371 " A Survey of London by a Party of Tarry-at- Home Travellers " (a children's game) Lent by F. J. Harvey Darton, Esq. 372 Four Prints — (1) Man-of-War and Frigate (2) Two Privateers and Man-of-War (3) Man-of-War and Privateer (4) Royal Fireworks Lent by Messrs. F. B. Daniell & Son 373 Smock Race at Tottenham Court Fair Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 374 Five Frames of Lottery Tickets, Shop Cards, Coronation Tickets, etc. Lent by William Bowen, Esq. (See frames containing tickets and bills.) Lotteries were a recognised part of London's social life for two centuries. An enormous business was carried on until October 18, 1826. The abolition of lotteries deprived the Government of fully ,£250,000 per annum. 375 Feeling Queer, coming down Highgate Hill Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. SMALL GALLERY. The exhibits in this gallery illustrate the history of what is now the Borough of Stepney, except a few that show neighbouring parts, such as Aldgate and the Minories. Old Stepney. An Historical Sketch. Obviously the history of Stepney is inseparable from that of the ancient mother city, and for our purpose it may be said to begin with the settlement of the Romans in London, circa 55 B.C. At this early period, the land which Stepney now occupies was in its primeval state : marshy along the river side, thickly wooded, and more or less swampy inland. The wild boar, buffalo, wolf, and bear were plentiful, and roamed about in undisputed possession of this wilderness ; and doubtless provided much good sport for the leisured members of Rome's legions stationed at London. Small Gallery 37 In late Roman times, at least, the great West to East road passed through the City, and by the Mfle End Road on to Chelmsford and Colchester; and in 1907, in the course of some excavations at Aldgate, the remains of what are, in all probability, the foundations of the Roman City Gate were discovered at a depth of sixteen feet below the present street level. ft was the custom of the Romans to bury their dead out- side the walls of their cities, and this is established as a fact by the large number of sepulchral remains which have been unearthed in Stepney : Haydon Square, Minories, Great Alie Street, Mansell Street, Middlesex Street, Spitalfields, Goodman's Fields, Shadwell, Ratcliffe, and in the neigh- bourhood of Coborn Road. These finds have proved in- valuable to archaeologists and historians. Rome abandoned Britain about a.d. 400, and what is known as the Pagan Period followed — the Teutonic Con- quest — of which we know but little. However, about a.d. 568 the East Saxons were in the possession of London and district. During the Danish invasions, London was cap- tured and occupied by the Danes for twelve years, but in 883 King Alfred obtained possession of the City, restored its walls in 886, and rendered it impregnable. Moreover, he gave it a strong governor and strong government, and the importance of London has steadily increased down the cen- turies to our time. After his victory at Hastings, 1066, William the Con- queror gave London her famous Charter of Liberties and Privileges, but he resolved to build The Tower. The location of this royal stronghold in Stepney has intimately associated the district with many important national events, and with the development of English naval and commercial supremacy. We learn from the Chroniclers of these times that the humbler craftsmen, tradespeople, and labouring classes lived outside the city walls at Ste^pney, Hackney, Stratford, and other adjacent villages. The fact that All-gate was a free gate — tolls were levied at all other London gates — probably explains this early migration eastwards. The development of British maritime enterprise and the growth of shipbuilding on the Thames (Llenry VII.), resulted in a parallel increase of Stepney's population, Wapping, Rat- cliffe, and Limehouse becoming important and busy centres of the shipping industry. A significant indication of the prosperity of these times is the Proclamation of Queen Elizabeth in 1580, and again in 1600, prohibiting the erection of houses within three miles of any of the citv gates, and ordering the enforcement of other regulations to prevent people from distant country places resorting to the capital. 38 Small Gallery The dates of establishment of the several parish churches in Stepney somewhat indicate how the population spread throughout the district. Tradition says that an old Saxon church originally dedicated to All Saints was re-built in Stepney by St. Dunstan at the end of the tenth century, and that in gratitude for this action, when St. Dunstan was canonized, the church was put under his special patronage. As Bishop of London, circa 959, and Lord of the Manor of Stepney, it is possible he lived in Stepney and interested himself in its parish church. The first definite mention of Stepney's mother church, bearing date 1302, names it St. Dunstan's, but there may be truth in the tradition of its early establishment as All Saints. A.D. 1338 : Whitechapel Church was founded as a chapel of ease to St. Dunstan's; 1669: Shadwell or Lower Wapping ; 1694: St. John's, Wapping ; 1724 : St. Anne's, Limehouse ; 1729 : St. George- in-the-East ; 1729: Christ Church, Spitalfields. Space will not allow of any reference to the many historical associations of Stepney. There are many topographical works available at the local public libraries, especially the Borough Reference Library, Bancroft Road, Mile End ; and the Whitechapel Library. The Borough Librarian earnestly solicits the co-operation of the public in the augmentation of the Borough's col- lection of " Stepneyana." He will be glad to receive, for permanent preservation at the Borough Reference Library .any pictures, prints, maps, views, old deeds (or copies of same), photographs, old books, reports, pamphlets, magazine articles, newspapers (or cuttings therefrom) ; medals, or other things which in any way serve to illustrate the past history of Stepney, which now includes the districts of Limehouse, Mile End, St. George-in-the-East, and White- chapel. A.C. 376 Early Eighteenth ^Century Mahogany Newel and Three Balusters from 34 Redman's Row, Stepney Lent by the London County Council 377 Five Maps of Stepney — Tower Liberty, St. Mary's, Whitechapel, Mile End Old Town, and Spittlefields (sic) Lent by the Metropolitan Borough oy Stepney St. Dunstan Parish Lent by the Rev. G. C. Wilton 378 Notice to Natives of St. Leonard's Parish, Shoreditch Lent by the London County Council Small Gallery 39 379 Gascoigne's Map of the Parish of Stepney, 1703 Lent by the Warden & Council of Toynbee Hall 380 Culpepper. Nicholas Culpepper was born in 1616, and settled at Spitalfields about 1642. He advocated the general use of herbs as a complete remedy for all diseases, Colet Portrait. Dean Colet was born in Stepney, and became Vicar of the Parish. He founded St. Paul's School, and other important charities. He died September, 1519. Colet House. Colet's birthplace eventually became an inn known as the " Green Dragon." The above is from a sketch of it in 1797. 382 383 384 Three Prints of St. Katharine-by-the-Tower The largest by Hollar Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney Probably most Londoners are unaware of the extent and beauty of the Collegiate Church and Hospital of St. Katharine, which was demolished to make way for the St. Katharine's Docks in 1825. The buildings had lost much of their pristine glory. The pulpit and the altar tomb still remain in the new chapel of St. Katharine, at Regent's Park, whither they were removed in 1S28. Stow speaks of the choir as being " next St. Paul's." 385 Two Prints of St. Katharine-by-the-Tower Lent by the London County Council 386 Water-colour Drawing and Engraving of Stepney Parish Church (St. Dunstan) Lent by J. P. Neal, Esq. Print of Dean Colet's House Lent by the London County Council 387 Rood Screen of Stepney Parish Church Lent by the Stepney Craft School 388 Aldgate Watch House, East Smithfield Lent by the London County Council 40 Small Gallery (Note. — Nos. 389 to 398 are lent by the Governors of the London Hospital) 389 Agreement with the New River Company 390 Design for Ticket (pen-and-ink and wash) By Hogarth 391 Plan and Elevation of " Proposed Hospital " 392 The Old Operating Theatre of the London Hospital, demolished in 1889 393 Plan of the London Hospital in 1759 394 Painting of the London Hospital in the Eighteenth Century 395 Plan of the London Hospital in 191 1 396 Engraved Ticket 397 Sketches of Old Operating Theatre (two) 398 Survey of Estate, 1783 399 View of London Hospital Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 400 (1) Duke's Place, Aldgate (2) Butcher Row, Whitechapel House of John of Gaunt By T. H. Shepherd Lent by the London County Council 401 Whitechapel — (2) " Red Lion " and " Spread Eagle " (2) " King's Arms " By T. H. Shepherd Lent by the London County Council 402 Two Drawings of the Almshouses of the Skinners Company, Mile End By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent b'y the Victoria & Albert Museum 403 Group of Prints of Old Stepney Mile End Gate lent by the London Hospital Duke's Place lent by the Stepney Craft School Brunswick and Royalty Theatres lent by William Bowen, Esq. The remainder lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney " The Mount." This mound, consisting largely of debris from the Great Fire, and earth from trenches cut during the Civil War, stood immediately east of the London Hospital. It was removed during 1807-8. East London lacks view points, Small Gallery 4i and this little hill could have been laid out as an open space with a very special character of its own. Brunswick Theatre. This theatre was built upon the site of the Royalty Theatre, and took seven months to construct. The facade in Wellclose Square was suggested by the San Carlos at Naples. It was opened on February 25, 1828. On February 28, 1828, within three nights of opening, and during a rehearsal, the whole theatre collapsed : ten persons were killed, including the proprietor. Views of the building are scarce. Royalty Theatre in Wellclose Square. Built by subscription in 1787. Many prominent actors of the time performed here. It was burnt down on nth April, 1826. This engraving is considered to be the most reliable one known. 404 Truman's Brewery, Brick Lane (about 1760) Lent by Messrs. Truman, Hanbury, Buxton & Co. [Note. — Nos. 405 to 410 are drawn and lent by Frank L. Emanuel, Esq. 405 The Hay market, Whitechapel, with the Whitechapel Art Gallery and Free Library 406 The Swedish Church, Princes Square, Shadwell 407 Site of the Whitechapel Art Gallery 408 Aldgate Pump 409 " The Vine," Mile End Road 410 Old Butchers' Shops, Aldgate 411 Photographs of Shops adjoining the White- chapel Art Gallery and Public Library and of the Davenant School Lent by Messrs. Moses & Son and the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 412 At Shadwell By J. T. Wilson Lent by F. Herbert Mansford, Esq. 413 Five Frames containing Eight Drawings (See Pictures for Descriptive Notes) By Philip Norman, LL.D. Lent by the Victoria & Albert Museum 414 " The Vine," Mile End Road, from the West Drawn and lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. Early morning of May 14, 1887, when Queen Victoria drove to open the central part of the People's Palace. 42 Small Gallery 415 Photographs (Descriptions affixed) Lent by the London County Council CASE I. 416 Dole Box, Norton Folgate Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney CASE II. 417 Silver Mace, with Figure of St. Dunstan (a) Lent by the Rev. G. C. Wilton One Beadle's Staff, Silver mounted (c) Two Special Constable's Staves One Old Horse-shoe (from Brick Lane) Two Roman Pots One Pewter Mug Two Cross Bolts Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney Silver Warden's Staff, 17 10 (b) Lent by the Rector & Churchwardens of St. Mary's, Whitechapel Parish Register, 1534 to 1625, including Plague Periods Lent by the Rector & Churchwardens of St. Mary's, Whitechapel Two Sunday School Reward Medals Lent by W. Bowen, Esq. Collection of Prints and Maps Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 418 Iron Armada Chest Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 419 (1) Old Operating Table (2) Bell and Descriptive Board (3) Insurance Plate and Two Knockers . Lent by the Governors of the London Hospital IN PASSAGE. 420 Three Frames of Drawings (See note attached to each) Lent by Mrs. J. R. Green 421 Group of Pictures, with Titles attached Lent by the Borough Library of Stoke Newington Upper Gallery 43 UPPER GALLERY The numbers begin on left, and follow all round Water- colour Room The Oil Paintings begin on south side of screen. WATER-COLOURS. 1 Cottage near the Serpentine, formerly called " The Cake House ; ' Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 2 Whitehall (Sepia drawing, unfinished) Attributed to Canaletto Lent by the London County Council 3 St. Giles's Church, Camberwell (1790) Lent by the Camberwell Public Library .4 Old Newington Church (about 1775) Lent by the Southwark Central Library and Museum 5 View in Hyde Park (17 15) By Michael van Overbeck Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 6 Remains of Bishop's Palace, a Mansion which formerly stood at the corner of Newington Green By William Varley Lent by the Stoke Newington Public Libraries 7 Drawing of Somerset House By Canaletto Lent by Christopher Head, Esq. Giovanni Antonio da Canale, called Canaletto, one of the most distinguished artists of the Venetian School in the eighteenth century, was born in Venice in 1697, and died there in 1768. He painted chiefly in Venice, but worked in London in 1746 and 1747. 8 New London Bridge under Construction By George Scharf Lent by the Corporation of London 9 Westminster Abbey By W. Hollar Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 10 Whitehall Attributed to Hollar Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 11 Essex Gate, with View of Westminster Bridge By Canaletto Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 44 Upper Gallery 12 Lambeth By L. T. Francia Lent by Randall Davies, Esq., F.S.A. 13 Greenwich By G. Budd Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 14 St. Paul's Cathedral, from the River By Sir W. Hamilton, R.A. Lent by the London County Council 15 South View of St. Pancras Church Lent by Ambrose Heal, Esq. 16 Old Westminster Lent by William H. Castle, Esq. 17 Old Sion College Library- Lent by the President and Court of Sion College 18 Bagnigge Wells Gardens and Chapman's Brewery (about 1825) By R. B. Schnebbelie Lent by William Bo wen, Esq. This drawing was made for Geo. Daniel (the Islington bibliophile). It gives an excellent idea of the whole of this popular resort — founded 1767. The long room is shown on the left. Chapman's Brewery (Nell Gwynne's house) is on the right. 19 Hyde Park (1780) By' Paul Sandby Lent by the Corporation of Preston 20 Lambeth Palace By J. Varley Lent b'y J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 21 Hungerford Market Lent by the London County Council 22 Wapping (water-colour) By Thomas Gtrtin Lent by the Leicester Museum and Art Gallery 23 New London Bridge, under Construction By George Scharf Lent by the Corporation of London 24 St. Pancras Church By J. Varley Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. Upper Gallery 45 25 Queen's Head, Islington By Dixon (1830) Lent by the London County Council 26 Old Whitehall, with the Life Guards By David Cox Lent by the Corporation of Preston 27 South Transept, St. Paul's By Hawkins Lent by J. P. Heseltine, Esq. 28 (1) Tyburn in 1785 (2) Tyburn, Execution By Rowland son 29 Scene in Kensington Gardens By George Scharf Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. 30 St. Katharine's Dock By J. W. Carmichael (1838) Lent by Messrs. T. H. Parker 31 Temple Bar By G. P. Shepherd Lent by the London County Council 32 Old Hungerford Market Erom a sketch by Chas. Fowler Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 33 The Precincts of Bridewell By George P. Boyce Lent by Sir Paget Bowman, Bart. 34 Battersea Bridge By W. Greaves Lent by Randall Da vies, Esq., F.S.A. 35 Waterside Chelsea By W. Greaves Lent by Randall Davies, Esq., F.S.A. 36 Chelsea Old Church By W. Greaves Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. The houses beyond are now all destroyed by fire. 37 Hungerford Stairs From a sketch by Chas. Fowler Lent by the City of Westminster Public Libraries 4 6 Upper Gallery 38 Back of "Adam and Eve " Public House and other Old Buildings, from the River, Chelsea (1862) By H. and W. Greaves Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 39 Old London Bridge, East Side (1834) By J. Yates Lent by the London County Council 40 Guildhall (1788) By J. Carter Lent by the London County Council 41 The New London Bridge, West Side (1834) By J. Yates Lent by the London County Council 42 Caledonian Meat Market By William Callow Lent by Messrs. T. H. Parker 43 Greenwich Palace Lent by the Royal Institute of British Architects OIL PAINTINGS. 44 Portrait of William Camden Lent by the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn 45 Interior of an Apartment, with Figures playing a Game of Forfeits (Time of Charles II.) By Victor Honorius Janssens (1664-1739) Lent by Lieut. -Colonel J. L. Rutley, V.D. 46 Old London Bridge By Claude de Jonghe Lent by the Earl of Northbrook " To conclude of this bridge over the said river of Thames, I affirm, as in my other descriptions, that it is a work very rare, having with the drawbridge twenty arches of squared stone, of height sixty feet, in breadth thirty feet, distant from one another twenty feet, compact and joined together with vaults and cellars; upon both sides be houses built so that it seemeth rather a continual street than a bridge ; for the fortifying whereof against the incessant assaults of the river, it hath overseers and officers, viz., wardens, as aforesaid, and others." — Stomas Survey, 1598. 47 London before the Great Fire Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 48 Sir George Whitmore, Lord Mayor of London (1632) By Cornelius Janssens Lent by Francis H. D. C Whitmore, Esq. Upper Gallery 47 49 Edward VI. Granting the Charter to some of the Royal Hospitals By the School of Holbein Lent by E. 7'revelyan Turner, Esq. 50 Old London Bridge By De Jongh Lent by the Victoria and Albert Museum 51 'The River Thames, from Bankside Lent by the Corporation of London Greenwich Palace, with Battleships on the Thames firing a Salute By W. Van de Velde Lent by E. Trevelyan Turner, Esq. The most striking thing about the five blocks forming Greenwich Hospital is the unity of designs apparent in the whole group, yet it is the work of many architects — Inigo Jones, Webb, Wren, Hawksmoor, Vanbrugh, Ripley, and Campbell. The two first-nanied are responsible for the river front, while the domes and colonnades are due to Wren. Commenced as a royal palace, after the death of Queen Mary II., William III. constituted the place as a Royal Hospital for decayed naval seamen. In 1873, how- ever, the inmates became out-pensioners, and the buildings were adapted as a Royal Naval College. Nelson's body lay in state in the Painted Hall, and his funeral car was preserved there until it fell into decay. 53 Chelsea Bridge By T. Boydell Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 54 Westminster Bridge, Lambeth Palace, West- minster Abbey, etc. By Samuel Scott Lent by the Earl of Altamont 55 The River Thames, from Dockhead Lent by the Corporation of London 56 Procession of the Order of the Bath after the Installation in Henry VII. 's Chapel, West- minster Abbey, June 26, 1749 By Canaletto Lent by the Dean & Chapter of Westminster Abbey 57 Charing Cross By Boydell Lent by the London County Council 4 8 Upper Gallery 58 View of the Strand, and St. Mary-le-Strand Church By Samuel Scott Lent by C. T. Harris, Esq., J. P. The church was designed by James Gibbs. To be properly appreciated, two points should be borne in mind. First, it was intended to erect in front of the church a column 250 feet high, with a statue of Queen Anne on the summit ; the bell of the church was to be in a small turret over the west end. After Queen Anne's death this idea was aban- doned, and the architect was instructed to use the materials in erecting a steeple upon the church. This had reached a stage which prevented any proper support being given to a square tower of any size, but it was feasible to get a wider base of an oblong form. Second, owing to the heavy traffic, Gibbs deemed it wise to keep his window up very high, and so designed his elevations in two stories, the lower one being solid. The old Strand maypole had formerly stood upon the site of the church. Old Somerset House was a palace of the Queens of England from the time of Elizabeth to that of Queen Charlotte. Inigo Jones de- signed a chapel for Henrietta Maria, and died in the palace later. The buildings were demolished in 1777. 59 Westminster Abbey By Fabria Lent by the Warden and Council of Toynbee Hall 60 Cricket at Hampton Wick By Richard Wilson Lent by the Marylebone Cricket Club 61 Lambeth Palace and Westminster Bridge, from the Thames By William James Lent by the University of Oxford 62 The Green Park (1760) By Hogarth Lent by Earl Spencer The water here shown has long since disappeared, but Spencer House, which is - seen on the left, with its terrace and statues, remains as one of the finest examples of 18th century domestic architecture in London. The artist's originality is shown in the striking " pattern 55 formed by the figures and their reflections. 63 View of Temple Gardens, from the River By Samuel Scott Lent by the Law Society Upper Gallery 49 64 Northumberland House, King Charles I. Statue, etc., from the spot now called Trafalgar Square Lent by the Earl of Altamont Northumberland House was the last of the great noble- men's mansions which stood between the Strand and the river, being destroyed as lately as 1874. Northumberland Avenue and the adjacent hotels occupy the site. The house was built by an Earl of Northampton in the early years of the seventeenth century from the designs of Benard Jansen and Gerard Christmas. At this period many of the nobility were still living east of Temple Bar, and the Earl's friends laughed at him for deserting the capital. The mansion passed by marriage in 1642 to Algernon Percy, Duke of Northumberland. He employed Inigo Jones to reconstruct the garden front. About a century later further great altera- tions took place, and the blue lion of the Percies was erected over the Strand front. It now stands over their suburban home, Sion House, Isleworth. The sign of the "Golden Cross" is visible opposite. The name is derived from the Eleanor Cross, which stood near by until 1647. The inn was the supposed scene of the altercation between Mr. Pickwick and the cabman. The present "Golden Cross" hotel stands somewhat further east. 65 The Disembarkation By Hogarth Lent by Jonh Francis Whale Ure, Esq. It is thought that the idea for this amusing picture of a London merchant in difficulties occurred to Hogarth during an excursion to Sheerness in company with the marine painter, Samuel Scott, many of whose works are shown here). The combination of formal, almost symmetrical, composition, and livelv humour, is striking. 66 South wark Fair By Hogarth Lent by the Duke of Newcastle William Hogarth was born in London in 1697. He was apprenticed to an engraver on silver in Cranbourn Alley, Leicester Fields. He studied oil painting under Sir James Thornhill. He has been described by Whistler as the first great English painter. He produced a great number of prints, chiefly of a satirical nature. His satire was always intended to teach sound morality and common sense. (Many of these are on view in the Lower Gallery.) " Southwark Fair " is one of the most important of his pictures, and shows at their best the liveliness of his inven- tion and the richness of his colour. It is a great picture as well as a comic one. 5° Upper Gallery 67 View of the Thames, with Old Blackfriars Bridge and St. Paul's By David Turner Lent by Fred. A. White, Esq. 68 Sketch for the picture, " The Masked Ball at the Wanstead Assembly 5 ' By Hogarth Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Camber well This rich and vigorous sketch is a study for one of Hogarth's earliest important pictures, "The Wanstead Assembly, 55 1728. The movement of the figures is ex- ceedingly well shown and almost provokes imitation in susceptible spectators. 69 London Bridge before the Alteration in 1757 By Samuel Scott Lent by the Fishmongers Company From the collection of Sir Edward Walpole. Old London Bridge was completed in 1209. It was forty feet wide, and nearly level. It consisted of nineteen stone arches, and a drawbridge separated by massive stone piers upon long timber sterlings or cutwaters. The narrow waterways formed rapids, sometimes with a fall of four feet, and many lives were lost thereby. The bridge was maintained by the rents of the houses erected upon it. The houses were all re-built in 1685 to widen the roadway from twelve to twenty feet. These houses in turn were finally cleared away in 1757-9, when, also, the drawbridge and two adjacent arches were re-built in one wide span. Hogarth and Peter Moramy were among the artists who lived upon the bridge. It was entirely demolished in 1832, after the completion of the present structure a little higher up the river. It was then discovered that the roadway had risen upon successive strata of debris due to the conflagrations and traffic of six and a quarter centuries. Upon the masonry of the old bridge a yellow iris plant grew plenti- fully. 70 View of Westminster Abbey and Whitehall By Samuel Scott Lent by the Law Society 71 The Royal Academy Club, in Marylebone Fields (now Regent's Park) By Francis Hayman Lent by the Marylebone Cricket Club 72 Chelsea Hospital and Ranelagh, from the Thames By William James Lent by the University of Oxford Upper Gallery 5i 73 St. James's Park By Canaletto Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 74 View of St. Paul's, from the Temple Stairs Attributed to Samuel Scott Lent by Fred. A. White, Esq. 75 Ranelagh By F. Hayman and Hogarth Lent by the Earl of Ilchester 76 View from Mitre Court, Temple Lent by the Treasurer and Benchers of the Inner Temple 77 St. James's Palace By Canaletto Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 78 The Tower, from the Thames By T. Boydell Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 79 The Building of Westminster Bridge By Canaletto Lent by the Duke of Grafton, K.G. 80 Savoy Palace and Somerset House, from the Thames By William James Lent by the University of Oxford Replica of the picture at Kensington Palace. 81 Part of Greenwich Hospital, from the River By Samuel Scott Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 82 River Scene, with Lambeth Palace, Buildings, Bridge, etc. By Samuel Scott Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 83 Bloomsbury Square By E. Dayes Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 84 St. Paul's and Old London Bridge before the Destruction of its Houses in 1757-58 By Samuel Scott Lent by A. E. Bonham- Carter, Esq. 85 Greenwich, from the Thames By William James (1760) Lent by the University of Oxford Replica of the picture at Kensington Palace. 2 Upper Gallery 86 Covent Garden By Wm. Kidd Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. 87 Billingsgate By Wm. Kidd Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. 88 Noon Scene, Hog Lane, St. Giles's By Hogarth Lent by the Earl of Ancaster These two (Nos. 88 and 91) are from the series known as c The Four Times of Day. M Engravings of the four may )e seen in the Lower Gallery. 89 The Sleeping Congregation By Hogarth Lent by Sir Frederick Cook, Bart. 90 View of Fountain Court, Temple Lent by the Treasurer and Benchers of the Inner Temple 91 Evening, Sadler's Wells, Islington By Hogarth Lent by the Earl of Ancaster 92 William, Second Earl of Bessborough, dis- pensing Alms to Beggars in Portland Place By Sir F. Bourgeois Lent by Lady Maria Ponsonby Copy by De Bree from the original at Bessborough. 93 Interior of the Debtor's Prison, Whitecross Street (1830) Lent by the CORPORATION OF LONDON 94 Pope's Grotto at Twickenham Attributed to Hogarth Lent by John Francis Whale Ure. Esq. 95 Richmond Bridge, Houses, State Barge, etc. Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 96 Old Westminster Bridge, with Lambeth Palace, and Church in Smith Square opposite By Samuel Scott Lent by Greville Douglas, Esq. The first Westminster Bridge was opened in 1750, the Archbishop of Canterbury having been duly compensated for his rights in Lambeth ferry. Hitherto London Bridge was the only one in the Metropolis. The architect was a Swiss, named Labelye. He rested his foundations upon Upper Gallery S3 rather than below the bed of the river. This arrangement was effective until the demolition of old London Bridge, when the piers suffered from the quicker currents. How- ever the construction of a new bridge (the present one) was not commenced before 1859, the old one remaining just above until 1861. A curious echo beneath the arches and also in the niches of the parapet excited popular curiosity. 97 Old Northumberland House, at Charing Cross By Canaletto Lent by E. Trevelyan Turner, Esq. 98 Custom House Quay in the year 1757 By Samuel Scott Lent by the Fishmongers Company From the collection of Sir Edward Walpole. 99 View of Greenwich Park and Hospital, with Thames in distance, etc. By Samuel Scott Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 100 Lambeth Palace Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 10 1 The Artillery Ground, London By Francis Hayman Lent by the Marylebone Crichet Club 102 Westminster Abbey, Hall, and Bridge Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 103 View of the Thames, with Terrace and Figures, Houses and St. Paul's, etc. By Samuel Scott Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 104 Westminster Hall By Gravelot Lent by the Treasurer and Benchers of the Inner Temple 105 First Arch of Old Westminster Bridge, with Lambeth Palace showing through By Samuel Scott Lent by Greville Douglas, Esq. 106 Old Westminster Bridge Lent by E. Henry Loyd, Esq. 107 Westminster, from Lambeth, showing Old Westminster Bridge, opened 1750 By Samuel Scott Lent by Philip Norman, Esq., LL.D. 54 Upper Gallery 108 Horse Guards Parade, Admiralty, etc. By Canaletto Lent by the Earl of Altamont 109 Northumberland House Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim no Westminster Bridge, Westminster Abbey, Whitehall, etc. Lent by E. Henry Lloyd, Esq. in Charterhouse School Playground — Site of the Great Cloister (late 18th cent.) Lent by the Master of the Charterhouse 112 The Tower of London, from the Thames By Samuel Scott Lent by the Hon. W. F. D. Smith Samuel Scott, the best marine painter of his time in England, was born early in the eighteenth century. The Thames, in London, was his favourite subject. He was a friend of Hogarth. The influence of Canaletto may be seen in some of his works. He died in 1772. i t 3 View of the Thames, with Terrace and Figures, Houses, St. Paul's, etc. Lent by E. FIenry Lloyd, Esq. 114 Fountain Court, Temple By Joseph Nicholls Lent by the Masters of the Bench of the Middle Temple This, the most picturesque of the Temple courts, has been immortalised by Dickens, who made it the trysting place of Ruth Pinch and John Westlock ("Martin Chuzzlewit In the background is the Hall of the Middle Temple. The tower was re-built in a more correctly Gothic manner about the middle of the last century. 115 Holbein's Gate, Banqueting Hall, Whitehall, Horse Guards, etc. By Samuel Scott Lent by the Earl of Altamont 116 Buckingham Gate to Blackfriars Bridge By Samuel Scott Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 117 St. Paul's, London Bridge, etc. Lent by the Earl of Altamont 118 Whitehall Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim Upper Gallery 5S 119 Lambeth Palace By T. Boydell Lent by Mrs, Bischoffsheim 120 Street Scene, Ludgate Circus By L. Boilly Lent by Harry Arthurton, Esq. 121 Leicester Square By E. Dayes Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 122 London, City and East End, from Islington, with New River Head in foreground (1753) Lent by the Metropolitan Borough of Stepney 123 View of the Abbey and Old Westminster Bridge, from the Adelphi Terrace By William Marlow Lent by Fred. A. White, Esq. To the left are the towers of Lambeth Palace and Church. Between the river and the Abbey rises the great roof of Westminster Hall. In the centre we see the upper part of the Banqueting House, Whitehall. The curious wooden structure adjoining the York Water Gate was a water tower, erected in 1690, for supplying the neighbourhood with Thames water. For a note on Westminster Bridge, see No. 96. 124 Billingsgate Market By John Collet Lent by Messrs. Leggatt Bros. 125 View of Gray's Inn Hall, from Gray's Inn Square (circa 1800) Lent by the Hon. Society of Gray's Inn 126 The Thames Frozen By Marlow Lent by the Duke of Rutland The first recorded fair on the frozen river was in 695. The river was blocked with solid ice in 1086, 1205, 1410, 1564, 1683, 1715, 173Q, 1788, 1813. The demolition of old London Bridge, with its numerous piers and narrow arches, has put an end to any recurrence of such memorable scenes as those when coaches crossed, oxen were roasted whole, and printing presses and refreshment booths were among the attractions on the ice. c< Such a fair I never did come near Where shop-rents were so cheap and goods so dear ! " 127 Christie's Sale Room (1790) By ROWLANDSON Lent by E. Trevelyan Turner, Esq. Upper Gallery 128 Putney Bridge By E. Dayes Lent by Mrs. Bischoffsheim 129 View on the Thames, looking towards Waterloo Bridge By Charles Deane Lent by A. L. Nicholson, Esq. Exhibited at the British Institution, 1822. This bridge, the product of a joint-stock company, ranks as one of the finest masonic achievements of its kind in the world. It is 1,326 feet in length, being the longest bridge over the Thames. It is faced everywhere with Cornish granite. Its strikingly monumental appearance is due to the use of this material, the simplicity of the design and the fact that the parapet and roadway is level from end to end. It had been intended that the bridge should be called " Strand Bridge," but the name was changed by Act of Parliament in 1816, and the bridge was opened on the second anniversary' of Waterloo. Sir John Rennie was the engineer, and the cost amounted to ^1,000,000, including the structural cost of the approaches. The Trustees desire to convey their cordial thanks to the private owners and public bodies who have lent so generously to the Exhibition. Their thanks are equally due to the following for writing Notes for the Catalogue : The Master of the Charter- house, Mr. William Bowen, Mr. Frank Lambert, Mr. F. H. Mansford, and to Mr. T Fairman Ordish for arranging the series " Disappearing London," and to Mr. F. W. Reader for preparing diagrams showing the Roman Wall. PENNY AND HULL, PRINTERS, LEMAN STREET, E. B he Exhibition will be explained, and parties onducted round, in the evenings. Particulars till be posted in the entrance. y arrangement with the University of London, Mr. ALLEN S. WALKER will deliver , / t > *J y A COURSE OF FIVE LECTURES ON "OLD LONDON," On TUESDAYS at 5.15 p.m., beginning Nov. 7. For Tickets apply to the Secretary, Whitechapel Art Gallery, High Street, Whitechapel, £. FORTHCOMING EXHIBITIONS. SPRING, 1912. SCOTTISH ART including; a Collection from the Scottish Modern Arts Association. AUTUMN, 1912. SPORTS & PASTIMES